Divergência genética entre progênies de pupunheira quanto a caracteres de palmito

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Jacson Rondinelli da Silva Negreiros

2013-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a divergência genética de progênies de pupunheira, com base em variáveis agronômicas do palmito. O delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso foi utilizado em látice triplo 10x10, com 100 tratamentos (progênies e três repetições. Foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: massa da base do palmito, produtividade do palmito de primeira e de segunda qualidade, número de plantas por parcela e diâmetro do palmito. A divergência genética foi estimada pela distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, como medida de dissimilaridade, e pelo método de otimização de Tocher e variáveis canônicas, na formação de grupos. As progênies formaram 26 grupos distintos. A variância acumulada pelas três primeiras variáveis canônicas foi de 75,12%. Planta por parcela e massa do palmito de segunda, indiretamente relacionada à massa do palmito de primeira, foram os caracteres mais importantes na discriminação das progênies, na primeira variável canônica (35,77%. A massa da base do palmito apresentou relação indireta com a produtividade do palmito de segunda e plantas por parcela, na segunda variável canônica (22.93%, e com a massa do palmito de primeira na terceira variável canônica (16,42%. Dezessete progênies de quatro grupos divergentes (G3, G5, G11 e G12 têm potencial para seleção quanto à produtividade de palmito no programa de melhoramento da pupunheira.

Diversidade genética entre progênies e matrizes de rambutan

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Renata Aparecida de Andrade

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O rambutan é uma frutífera exótica que apresenta alto potencial de mercado, e suas mudas podem ser obtidas por sementes ou vegetativamente. A produção de mudas via sementes é rotineiramente feita no Estado de São Paulo, tendo-se alta variabilidade no pomar, além de demorar mais tempo para entrar em produção. Embora caracteres morfológicos sejam amplamente usados na diferenciação de variedades, as técnicas moleculares permitem a comparação e a identificação genética dos materiais. Diante disso, o presente trabalho foi realizado, comparando progênies e plantas-matrizes de rambutan, por fAFLP. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Bioquímica de Microrganismos e Plantas, do Departamento de Tecnologia - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP - Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, utilizando 06 plantas de rambutan, denominadas: A; B; C; D; E e F. Foram coletadas folhas de 15 plântulas oriundas de cada planta-matriz e realizou-se a extração de DNA, sendo as amostras quantificadas em biofotômetro, e os marcadores fAFLP, obtidos de acordo com o protocolo AFLP Plant Mapping Protocol (Applied Biosystems, utilizando as combinações de pares de primers: ACG/CAC; ACT/CAT; ACA/CTT e ACC/CTT. Pode ser concluído que o uso de marcadores moleculares é eficiente na distinção de materiais e na obtenção de distância genética; não é recomendada a obtenção de mudas via sementes quando a finalidade é a de instalação de pomar comercial.

Variação genética em progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemão em três sistemas de cultivo Genetic variation in progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemao in three cultivation systems

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Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Myracrodruon urundeuva (aroeira é uma das espécies arbóreas que apresentam madeira de maior durabilidade em contato com o solo. Em razão dessa característica, populações naturais de M. urundeuva, distribuídas por quase todo o Brasil, vêm sendo dizimadas. Desse modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a expressão da variação genética em uma população natural de M. urundeuva procedente da Estação Ecológica do Instituto Florestal, localizada em Paulo de Faria, SP. Coletaram-se sementes de 30 árvores de polinização livre, em setembro de 1996. Com esse material, foram instalados três testes de progênies em diferentes sistemas de plantio em Selvíria, MS, obedecendo a um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 30 tratamentos (progênies e três repetições. Foi assumido o modelo de cruzamento misto para essa espécie. Verificou-se que houve diferença significativa nos efeitos de progênies e ambiente (testes de progênies, e a interação progênies x ambientes não foi significativa. Desse modo, as progênies apresentaram comportamento semelhante nos diferentes ambientes. A melhor "performance" das progênies foi no plantio envolvendo M. urundeuva, Guazuma ulmifolia (Lam e Anandenanthera falcata (Benth. Speg., as quais também apresentaram considerável variação genética, indicando alto valor para programas de conservação e melhoramento genético.Myracrodruon urundeuva is one of the tree species the wood that presents the longest durability when in contact with soil. Because of this characteristic, populations of M. urundeuva have been decimated throughout Brazil. Therefore, this work aimed at analyzing the expression of genetic variation in a natural population of M. urundeuva from the Ecological Station of the Forest Institute, located in Paulo de Faria-SP. Seeds were collected from 30 free-pollination trees in September, 1996. By using this material, three progeny trials were installed in different

Variação da densidade básica da madeira de progênies de Eucalyptus urophylla em dois locais.

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Maria Aparecida Mourão Brasil

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Estudou-se neste trabalho a variação da densidade básica da madeira entre procedências e progênies de eucalipto plantados em duas localidades. As progênies de Eucalyptus urophylla originárias da ilha de Timor na Indonésia foram plantadas em Belo Oriente (MG e Linhares (ES no delineamento de blocos compactos em famílias (compact family blocks com 3 repetições no espaçamento de 3,0 x 2,0m. Após 4 anos as  árvores  foram amostradas ao nível do DAP com a sonda Pressler e sua densidade básica determinada pelo método do máximo teor de umidade. Os resultados mostraram que as progênies tiveram  comportamento similar nos dois locais. A maior variação entre progênies ocorreu naquelas provenientes da região Oebaha II. Os valores médios de densidade básica* das progênies não foram diferentes das procedências brasileiras utilizadas como testemunhas no experimento.

La Estructura de la Revolución Ecológica en Arquitectura

OpenAIRE

Chinchilla Moreno, Izaskun

2017-01-01

El objetivo que ha guiado, genuinamente, la investigación y la redacción de esta tesis, ha sido ser útil a arquitectos y diseñadores que, por convicción propia o por mediación de terceros, quieren poder idear e implementar arquitectura o productos más ecológicos. La tesis propondrá, a esos profesionales, una hipótesis de fondo: la aplicación profunda de los principios de la ecología a la arquitectura lo cambiaría todo; no se trata de un cambio parcial, se trata de una revolución. En virtud de...

A visão ecológica: uma teia na enfermagem La visión ecologica: un tejido en enfermería Ecologic view: a web in the nursing

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Estela Maria Leite Meirelles Monteiro

2005-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de mudanças revolucionárias em conceitos de realidade ocasionadas pela física e pensamento modernos, nova e consistente visão do mundo surge, influenciada pela transição da física clássica para quântica. É propósito do estudo mostrar o pensamento de Capra favorecendo a disseminação do cuidado ecológico na enfermagem. O novo paradigma pode ser chamado de uma visão ecológica, a partir do entendimento de ecologia num sentido amplo e profundo. A saúde na visão holística e na teia de relações que compreende o pensamento ecológico exige do enfermeiro, em suas áreas de atividades uma percepção crítica concernente ao saber, saber-ser e saber-fazer, comprometido com transformações que afloraram das emoções, do encantamento, dos sentimentos, do cuidar da natureza como premissa para qualidade e existência da humanidade.A partir de los cambios revolucionarios en conceptos de realidad impulsados por la física y el pensamiento moderno, nueva y consistente visión del mundo surge, influenciada por la transición de la física clásica hacia quántica. El estudio se propone mostrar el pensamiento de Capra influenciado la diseminación del cuidado ecológico en enfermería. El nuevo paradigma puede ser llamado una visión ecológica, partiendo de la comprensión de la ecología en un sentido amplio y profundo. La salud, la visión holística del hombre y del tejido de relaciones que abarca el pensamiento ecológico, exige del enfermero en sus áreas de actividad, una percepción crítica en relación al saber, saber ser y saber hacer comprometidos con transformaciones, el afloramiento de las emociones, del encantamiento, de los sentimientos, del cuidado de la naturaleza como premisa para la calidad y existencia de la humanidad.From the revolutionary changes in reality concept, caused by physics and modern thoughts, new consistent vision of the world emerge and it is influenced from the classic physics to quantum physics

Revisión del paradigma ecológico de la 'legionella'. Estrategia ecológica y su implicación en salud pública

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José Bernardo Ferrer Simó

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Algunos aspectos difícilmente explicados por el modelo ecológico descrito por Rowbothan en 1980, como son: la dosis infecciosa anormalmente baja, las largas distancias en las cuales la bacteria permanece viable en el seno del aerosol difundido, la dificultad de crecimiento en los medios de cultivo estándar, la poca eficacia de los desinfectantes antilegionela en el control de los brotes, la reinfección o sencillamente la ausencia de transmisión persona-persona, son analizados bajo el prisma de la microbiología ecológica. Centrados en la relación bacteria-protozoo, diversos estudios sugieren que la amplificación o crecimiento bacteriano podría tener lugar en dos fases o etapas, funcionalmente distintas, según la proporción o ratio bacteria-ameba (MOI- multiplicity of infection. En una primera fase de crecimiento rápido, en la que esta relación es sustancialmente baja, la entrada de una bacteria de legionela en la ameba originaría una única vacuola, que tras la lisis amebiana, liberaría al medio formas libres infectantes para otras amebas. La segunda etapa, de diseminación o colonización de otros nichos ecológicos, con relaciones MOI altas, se producen varias vesículas de crecimiento en el interior de la ameba que serían expulsadas por la misma sin necesidad de lisar. El enquistamiento de la ameba en esta fase, se produce tras la liberación masiva al medio de las vesículas que hubiera en el interior. Algunos autores sugieren que estas vesículas por sus características de resistencia y “empaquetamiento” de formas de vivas de legionela, constituyen el núcleo infectante en la transmisión de la legionelosis. La presencia de un biofilm específico podría ser determinante en este proceso. Teniendo en cuenta este sistema de relación-interacción ameba-legionela, las medidas preventivas deberían ir encaminadas a mantener la relación MOI baja, siempre en conjunción con bajos niveles de biofilm. En este sentido la adici

Avaliação e seleção de progênies de cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum, em Belém, Pará Evaluation and selection of Theobroma grandiflorum parents, in Belem, Para

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Rafael Moysés Alves

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo a seleção entre e dentro de progênies de irmãos completos de cupuaçuzeiro. Foram avaliadas 21 progênies de irmãos completos, em dois experimentos, com cinco plantas por parcela. Os experimentos foram avaliados ao nível de indivíduos, em cada safra, para os caracteres: produção de frutos, polpa e semente, bem como resistência à vassoura-de-bruxa. Para efeito de seleção, também foi considerado o grau de parentesco das matrizes. As análises foram conduzidas via metodologia de modelos lineares mistos, como delineamento em blocos incompletos, desbalanceados com tratamentos comuns. Foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos e os valores genotípicos ajustados de progênies, bem como os valores genéticos aditivos e genotípicos individuais. Os resultados demonstraram que as progênies 12; 13; 18; 20; 21 e 24 tiveram os melhores desempenhos para as variáveis de produção. Entre elas, as progênies 12; 13 e 18 foram as que mais se destacaram. Foram selecionadas três matrizes da progênie 18, duas matrizes da progênie 12 e uma matriz de cada uma das progênies 13; 20 e 21. É possível concluir que essas matrizes, juntamente com materiais selecionados em outras áreas experimentais, apresentam potencial para compor um pomar de sementes clonais, estabelecido em lote isolado de outros plantios, onde será produzida uma população melhorada de primeiro ciclo que se constituirá na nova cultivar de cupuaçuzeiro.This paper had as objective the selection among and within full sib families of Theobroma grandiflorum. A total of 21 full sibs progenies were appraised, in two experiments, with five plants for plot. The experiments were appraised at the individuals' level, in each crop, for the traits: production of fruits, pulp and seed and resistance to witch's broom disease. The degree of genetic relationship of the candidates was also considered. The analyses were performed through the methodology of mixed

Factores que determinan la resiliencia socio-ecológica para la alta montaña andina

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Samir Joaqui Daza

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo de revisión está enmarcado en el desarrollo de una tesis doctoral en Ciencias Ambientales. Analiza los procesos tradicionales de gestión y planificación que han tenido un enfoque disciplinar para enfrentar problemáticas ambientales como el cambio climático en la alta montaña andina cuyo propósito se ha centrado en el manejo o mitigación de los impactos ambientales generados por las actividades antrópicas. Sin embargo, el deterioro ecológico aumenta debido a que las bases conceptuales en las que se fundamentan las herramientas de gestión por lo general son descontextualizadas, asumiendo que las relaciones socio ecológicas se pueden desagregar para ser estudiadas y que los fenómenos de la naturaleza son predecibles y controlables. Considerando lo anterior, se propone la incorporación de teorías complementarias como los socio-ecosistemas, la resiliencia, la transformabilidad, la adaptación y la vulnerabilidad.

Une Exception Francaise: Les Grandes Ecoles (A French Exception: The Great Schools).

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Kimmel, Alain

1996-01-01

Examines the role of exceptional schools in France that have produced famous personages such as Charles de Gaulle and Jean-Paul Sartre. The schools reviewed include L'Ecole Nationale d'Administration, L'Ecole Polytechnique, L'Ecole Normale Superieure, L'Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, Saint-Cyr, and L'Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris.…

Eficiência de métodos de melhoramento para teor de fibra e produtividade de grãos em progênies de feijoeiro comum

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Adélia Cristina Fernandes Silva

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar métodos de melhoramento quanto à variabilidade genética e à eficiência na obtenção de progênies superiores para teor de fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos em feijoeiro comum. As progênies foram obtidas do cruzamento, em 2003, entre as linhagens carioca CNFC 7812 e CNFC 7829. A população segregante foi conduzida por bulk, bulk dentro de F2 e SSD até geração F7. Em 2008 foram amostradas aleatoriamente 64 progênies de cada método para avaliação em Goiás e Paraná. Foram obtidas as estimativas dos componentes de variância, parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos, média e índices de geração de progênies superiores. As progênies obtidas pelos métodos de bulk e SSD apresentaram diferenças significativas para produtividade e teor de fibra bruta e maior variância genética. O bulk dentro de F2 apresentou os maiores índices de geração de progênies superiores e maiores médias para os dois caracteres, sendo recomendado para os programas de melhoramento de feijoeiro comum.

ECOL Book Catalog.

Science.gov (United States)

Minneapolis Public Library, Minn. Environmental Conservation Library.

This catalog represents the collection of the Environmental Conservation Library oF Minnesota (ECOL) as of September 1973, when it contained over 2,800 titles of books and government documents, augmented by periodicals and substantial numbers of pamphlets, papers, brochures, and related materials. The catalog includes an author and main entry…

Seleção de progênies de meio-irmãos de cenoura baseada em características de sementes Selection of carrot progenies based on seed characteristics

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Jairo V. Vieira

2005-03-01

Full Text Available A menor germinação e emergência de plântulas em campo de cenoura obtida nas sementes de cultivares nacionais em relação às importadas, aumenta o custo de produção além de impossibilitar a otimização do estande final através do emprego de semeadeiras de precisão. Setenta e quatro progênies de meio-irmãos oriundas de uma população de cenoura tipo Brasília foram avaliadas quanto a germinação, vigor e peso de sementes com o objetivo de verificar a variabilidade e as relações genéticas entre os referidos caracteres. Evidenciou-se a existência de diferenças significativas entre as progênies de meio-irmãos em relação a todos os caracteres avaliados. Os altos valores de herdabilidade e variabilidade genética entre progênies para os caracteres avaliados sugerem que métodos de melhoramento simples combinados com métodos de seleção tendo por base a teoria de índice podem ser aplicados visando a melhoria da qualidade fisiológica das sementes de cenoura.Low seed germination and stand establishment of carrot seeds from Brazilian cultivars generally increase the production cost and impairs the use of precision seeders. Germination, vigor and seed weight of 74 progenies from a population of carrot cv. Brasilia were evaluated to verify the variability and the genetic relations among these three characteristics. Significant differences were observed among the progenies in relation to all characteristics. High values of heritability and genetic variability among progenies suggests that simple breeding methods combined with index selection methods may be applied during breeding programs in order to increase the physiological seed quality of carrot.

Seleção de progênies femininas de mamoeiro para resistência a mancha-de-phoma via modelos mistos

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Marcelo Vivas

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Genótipos crioulos são importantes fontes de genes de adaptação, rusticidade e resistência de plantas a doenças bióticas e a estresse ambiental. Avaliou-se neste trabalho o potencial genético de contribuição de genótipos crioulos de mamoeiro na resistência a mancha-de-phoma. O experimento, implantado em blocos casualizados com seis repetições, foi composto de 24 progênies dioicas de meios-irmãos de mamoeiro que segregaram para o sexo, sendo avaliadas apenas as plantas com flores femininas. Foram estimados os componentes de variância e o valor genético de progênies para incidência e severidade de mancha-de-phoma via modelos mistos. As estimativas de herdabilidade e acurácia seletiva permitiram predizer situação muito favorável à seleção de progênies resistentes, com destaque para as progênies STA-02, STA-04, STA-05, STA-06, STA-07, STA-11, STA-12, STA-16, STA-21 e STA-22, com valores negativos de efeitos genéticos aditivos tanto para severidade quanto para incidência da doença nas folhas.

Alcances y limitaciones del concepto de huella ecológica

OpenAIRE

Higueras García, Esther

2013-01-01

Alcances y limitaciones del concepto de huella ecologica .- Antecedentes, Objetivo y definición de huella ecológica .- Cálculo de la huella ecológica .- Factores no recogidos por el indicador .- Reflexiones finales

Introducción a la Huella Ecológica. Aplicación al análisis de Sistemas agroganaderos

OpenAIRE

David Pérez Neira; Marta Soler Montiel

2012-01-01

La Huella Ecológica puede ser definida como un indicador biofísico que integra el conjunto de impactos que ejerce una comunidad sobre su entorno medido en términos de apropiación de ecosistemas -considerando tanto los recursos necesarios como los residuos generados para el mantenimiento de dicha comunidad. En los últimos años, en la literatura académica esta herramienta también se ha venido utilizando como indicador que mide de impacto asociado a productos, servicios o actividades económicas....

O cuidado na perspectiva de Leonardo Boff, uma personalidade a ser (redescoberta na enfermagem El cuidado según la perspectiva de Leonardo Boff, una personalidad a ser re-descubierta en la enfermería The care according to Leonardo Boff's perspective, a personality to be rediscovered in nursing

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Luzia Wilma Santana da Silva

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de um ensaio sobre a contribuição de Boff para o cuidado na dimensão macro, a partir de sua visão ecológica e micro no cuidado entre os seres humanos.O autor fundamenta o conceito de cuidado em questões teológicas, filosóficas, sociais e místicas, visualizando as relações humanas que perpassam pelas dimensões ecológicas: integral, social e ambiental. Objetiva compreender o cuidado abordado pelo autor para a fundamentação ontológica e epistemológica do cuidado em Enfermagem.O resultado deste, foi um despertar vigilante no sentido de visualizar e implementar estratégias de adaptação à proposta de um novo paradigma que envolve um resgate da essência do ser humano com um modo-de-ser-com-o-mundo que perpassa pelo cuidado.Trata de un ensayo sobre la contribución de Boff, para el cuidado en la dimensión macro, a partir de su visión ecológica y dimensión micro para el cuidado entre los seres humanos. El autor fundamenta el concepto del cuidado a partir de cuestiones teológicas, filosóficas, sociales y místicas; observando las relaciones humanas que atraviesan por las dimensiones ecológicas: integral, social y ambiental. El objetivo fue conocer y comprender el cuidado abordado por dicho autor para la fundamentación ontológica y epistemológica del cuidado en la Enfermería. El resultado fue un despertar vigilante en el sentido de visualizar e implementar estratégias de adaptación para la propuesta de un nuevo paradigma que envuelve un rescate en la esencia del ser humano como una manera-de-ser-con-el-mundo que pasa a través del cuidado.It is an essay about Boff's contribution for care in the macro dimension, from its ecological point of view and micro in the care among the human beings. The author bases the concept of care starting from theological, philosophical, social, and mystical questions, visualizing the human relations that move through the ecological dimension: integral, social and environmental. It

Concepções de agricultores ecológicos do Paraná sobre alimentação saudável

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Erica Ell

2012-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as concepções de agricultores ecológicos sobre alimentação saudável. MÉTODOS: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa. Entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2007, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com o apoio de um roteiro com 11 mulheres e um homem residentes em comunidade agrícola de Rio Branco do Sul, PR, selecionados aleatoriamente dentre as 20 famílias de agricultores ecológicos desse município. RESULTADOS: Três categorias de análise foram identificadas: "tomada de consciência da alimentação saudável", "capacidade de compra" e "terra saudável". O significado da alimentação saudável para as mulheres agricultoras envolve a ideia de que os alimentos devem ser naturais, sem agrotóxicos nem produtos químicos industrializados. Cotidianamente o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes somado ao básico feijão, arroz e carne deve ser abundante e a composição do prato deve visar à prevenção de obesidade e doenças crônico-degenerativas. O cuidado com os recursos naturais para garantir a produção de alimentos saudáveis, a segurança alimentar, a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente e a vida futura do planeta integram o conceito de alimentação saudável. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento, a autocrítica e o discernimento acompanharam as concepções em relação à alimentação saudável.

La condición humana desde la visión socio-antropológico-cultural del ser humano

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Dr. Cs. Homero Calixto Fuentes-González

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Se incursiona en la búsqueda de respuestas sobre la condición humana del sujeto contemporáneo, en la relación entre su existencia y esencia, para interpretar el desarrollo de la cultura desde el proceso de construcción del conocimiento científico acerca del ser humano como ser vivo que interactúa con el medio, lo transforma y se transforma a sí mismo, condicionando su naturaleza biológica y ecológica, en la unidad con lo social y lo espiritual.Al considerar el desarrollo de la condición humana se hace indispensable el reconocimiento de los estadios del progreso filogenético del ser humano, significando que son expresión de la identidad humana, la sensibilidad humana cultural y lo humano universal que trascienden en una sucesión continua y sistemática cuando se interpreta el desarrollo humano y se cualifica como dignidad humana en constante transformación.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e ganho de seleção para produção de frutos em progênies de polinização aberta de pupunheira no estado do Pará, Brasil

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João Tomé de Farias Neto

2013-06-01

Full Text Available O estudo objetivou estimar parâmetros e valores genéticos para os caracteres número de cachos (NC, peso médio do cacho (PMC e peso total do cacho (PTC aos seis anos, pelo método de modelos mistos (REML/BLUP. O teste de progênies foi estabelecido sob o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 50 tratamentos (progênies, 10 blocos e uma planta por parcela, no espaçamento de 5 x 5 m, além de uma bordadura externa ao experimento. As estimativas de herdabilidade individual e médias no sentido restrito para PTC (0,213 e 0,360 e NC (0,286 e 0,435, respectivamente, foram de boas magnitudes. O coeficiente de variação genética individual exibiu valores elevados para PTC (19,86 e NC (17,59. A raiz quadrada da herdabilidade ao nível de médias das progênies resulta em acurácia seletiva na ordem de 0,60 para PTC e 0,66 para NC, atestando boa precisão e confiança nos parâmetros genéticos estimados, promovendo segurança na seleção. O potencial da população para fins de melhoramento pode ser observado por meio dos ganhos genéticos para PTC, que oscilaram de 8,3 a 19,9 kg, elevando a nova média populacional para o caráter após um ciclo de seleção, para 40,4 kg, equivalente a 25,8%.

La huella ecológica y los países andinos, una reflexión sobre la sustentabilidad y la biocapacidad

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Deyanira Gómez

2013-09-01

Full Text Available La escasez de los recursos ha llevado a la reflexión respecto a la medición del desarrollo, que ya no puede ser medido únicamente en términos de crecimiento económico como lo hace el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB, sino que es necesario tomar en cuenta los recursos o capital natural con los que cuenta una determinada nación para que desde una perspectiva de sustentabilidad, pueda asegurar la calidad de vida de las generaciones futuras, esta herramienta se la conoce como la Huella Ecológica.

Modelo decisional proactivo en sistemas ecológicos (modepec.

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Pedro Tolón Estarelles

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Los sistemas económicos y sociales son de tipo ecológico, y se pueden enmarcar en modelos de sistemas complejos de tipo DYSES (Dynamic Social and Economic Systems. No son  explicables o predecibles satisfactoriamente  con modelos determinísticos, pues, en general obedecen a procesos evolutivos de carácter estocástico, respondiendo en su interacción con el medio al segundo principio de la termodinámica en el sentido de la irreversibilidad (falta de simetría temporal y aumento de la entropía. MODEPEC © es un modelo que postula una metodología que asegura  un proceso  de formulación de criterios  para mejorar continuamente la calidad en la toma  de decisiones en sistemas ecológico-social-económicos. Los conceptos esenciales del modelo se enuncian seguidamente: 1-. Existencia de una Ecuación de Estado (EE Un sistema ecológico tiene un  comportamiento dinámico posible de ser representado mediante una ecuación de estado en cualquier intervalo de tiempo dado. 2-. Estimación de una política óptima (PO Es posible estimar  un conjunto óptimo de decisiones (política óptima. 3-. Contrato sobre estado deseable  (CED En la comunidad  social y económica de tipo ecológico, es posible acordar un diseño de estado ideal deseable, constituido a partir de un contrato sustentable a largo plazo entre las partes. 4-. Genotipo Decisional Planificado (GDP Es posible establecer un proceso racional de toma de decisiones, en este caso, el Genotipo Decisional Planificado  (GDP; capaz de asegurar niveles crecientes de calidad en la determinación de criterios para evaluación y adopción de cursos de acción en pos del logro de un estado deseado (ED tomado como propósito o contrato. The economic and social systems are of ecological type, and they are possible to be framed in models of complex systems of type SDES (Social Dynamic and Economic Systems. They are not explicable or predictable satisfactorily with deterministic models, then

Impacto turístico, cultural e histórico del circuito turístico ecológico bolivariano Colombia-Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Segrera, José Rafael

2015-01-01

El desarrollo de la presente propuesta ha permitido identificar la necesidad que se tiene de dar inicio a la promoción del turismo histórico, a través del Circuito Turístico Bolivariano en los Distritos Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta y Federal de Caracas, a los que une la historia por ser las ciudades en las que nació el 24 de julio de 1783 y falleció el 17 de diciembre de 1830, el Libertador Simón Bolívar. El Circuito Turístico Ecológico Bolivariano Local dentro del Distri...

El sector de los alimentos ecológicos: Regulación y etiquetado ecológico = The organic food sector: Regulation and ecological labeling

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María Belén Aguirre García

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El sector de los alimentos ecológicos y la evolución de su normativa están experimentando continuos cambios y ampliaciones acordes con los flujos económicos y comerciales de nuestros días. El objetivo del artículo, desde una metodología descriptiva, es reflejar esta evolución, presentando la regulación vigente, que es exhaustiva y abarca ámbitos diversos: sistemas de producción agraria ecológica, control y certificación de operadores, comercialización y etiquetado de los alimentos ecológicos. Asimismo, se abordan las diferentes caracterizaciones en la actualidad del etiquetado de los alimentos ecológicos en Europa, en España y en las Comunidades Autónomas.   The organic food sector and the evolution of its regulations are undergoing continuous changes and extensions in line with the economic and commercial flows of our day. The objective of the article, from a descriptive methodology, is to reflect this evolution, presenting the current regulation, which is exhaustive and covers different areas: ecological agricultural production systems, operator control and certification, marketing and labeling of organic food. It also addresses the different characterizations of organic food labeling in Europe, Spain and the “Comunidades Autónomas”.

Ladrillos ecológicos una estrategia didáctica

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Leiva Deantonio, Dolly Elizabeth; Reyes Roncancio, Jaime Duván

2017-01-01

Se presentan los resultados de la investigación desarrollada para incorporar una conciencia-ecológica-práctica en relación con la utilidad de los envases plásticos y el empaque de productos alimenticios que se generan diariamente en una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Bogotá. El proceso metodológico de corte cualitativo involucró la participación de los estudiantes en la exploración del tipo de desechos plásticos y su adaptación como ladrillos ecológicos, fomentando acciones con...

Seleção de progênies de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill. para a produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade temporal de massa foliar Selection of Erva-mate Progenies for Leaf Weight Productivity, Temporal Stability and Adaptability

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José Alfredo Sturion

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivos selecionar progênies de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.  em Ivaí - PR, simultaneamente para estabilidade, adaptabilidade e produtividade de massa foliar,  colhidas em três safras, com base na média harmônica a performance relativa dos valores genéticos (MHPRVG, adicionalmente, comparar os resultados  com aqueles obtidos pelos métodos de Annicchiarico e  de Lin & Binns. O material genético consistiu de 25  progênies de meios-irmãos plantadas no delineamento  de blocos ao acaso, com dez repetições  e parcelas lineares de seis plantas no espaçamento de  3m x 2m. O peso de folhas foi avaliado, por árvore,  aos dois, quatro e seis anos após o plantio. Houve  uma alteração no ordenamento das progênies para a produção de massa foliar ao longo das safras. Os  métodos de Annicchiarico, Lin & Binns e MHPRVG  selecionaram, praticamente, as mesmas progênies para os três atributos considerados. Contudo, o método  HPRVG apresenta a vantagem de fornecer  resultados na própria escala e medição do caráter, os quais podem ser interpretados diretamente como  valores genéticos.
This paper aimed to select progenies of “erva-mate” (Ilex paraguariensis St. HiI. in Ivai - PR based on leaf weight productivity, stability and adaptability across three harvests. This can be achieved by the method MHPRVG (harmonic average of relative performance of genetic values which is comparable with the methods by Annichiaricco and Lin & Binns. The genetic material was constituted by 25 half sib progenies evaluated in a complete block design with ten replicates and six plants per plot, in a 3 x 2 meters spacing. Leaf weight per tree  was evaluated at ages two, four and six years  after planting. There were some changes in progenies  ranking across harvests. The methods MHPRVG, Annichiaricco and Lin & Binns led to selection of the  same progenies, considering the three

La perspectiva ecológica y la hipermediatización social

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Eduardo Andrés Vizer

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La “ecología” de los medios no debe ser concebida como una especie de entorno que nos rodea y del cual somos el “centro”, sino como un sistema de producción, circulación y consumo en el cual son los individuos, en tanto consumidores y (realimentadores del sistema, los que conforman su “entorno”. Un abordaje ecológico de los medios tradicionales (radio, cine y televisión introduce a los públicos consumidores como su entorno, y no al contrario (¿quién consume a quién?. Un entorno, un mercado que a través de prácticas de consumo realimenta al sistema de medios. Por otro lado, en los sistemas digitales, todos somos parte de él, no hay entorno externo, y cada acto de consumo es igualmente un acto de circulación y de producción. Para conocer la incidencia profunda de un dispositivo técnico (sea hard o soft, debemos indagar sobre las múltiples dimensiones interligadas e interactivas dentro del ambiente en el que opera: poder, resistencias, tiempo y espacio, socialidades, lenguajes, símbolos.

Una filosofía ecológica en Rodolfo Kusch

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Henry Armando Alfonso Salgado

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En su obra filosófica, el pensador argentino Rodolfo Kusch busca desentrañar el pensamiento del indígena y del campesino para poner en evidencia ese aferrado espíritu ecológico de América que está tan arraigado al suelo y a la vida. El suelo no se reduce a los cuatro puntos cardinales, tampoco se divide en suelos diferentes (el suelo es la extensión, sino que indica la situación, anclada en la categoría de “estar”, en la tierra. El pensamiento ecológico de América debe buscarse como una raíz muy profunda sin utilizar la fuerza, puesto que la vida se encuentra arraigada en lo más profundo de la tierra y no debe arrancarse por mediaciones que desnaturalicen los procesos mis- mos de estar en la tierra. De esta forma, el pensar ecológico-cosmológico se convierte en la matriz o en el fundamento de toda una filosofía cosmológica indígena que, a su vez, es la gestora de otras estructuras como la política, la arquitectura, la economía, la religión y otros ámbitos de su organización cultural, bien sea como imperio, civilización o comunidad organizada. Así su concepción cósmica-ecológica es la base o raíz que nace de la semilla sobre la cual se gestan los principales imperios americanos.

A temática ambiental e o ensino de biologia: o professor enquanto sujeito ecológico

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Campos, Daniela Bertolucci de [UNESP

2007-01-01

Professores são potencialmente educadores ambientais no ensino formal, mas para que atuem como tal é necessário que ocorra um processo de identificação pessoal e profissional com o ambiental durante a sua trajetória de vida. Segundo Carvalho (2004), professores que passam a cultivar idéias e sensibilidades ecológicas em sua prática educativa estão sendo portadores dos ideais do sujeito ecológico. O sujeito ecológico representa um tipo ideal, que possui um conjunto de atributos e valores ecoló...

Revisando a inserção ecológica: uma proposta de sistematização Revisiting the ecological engagement: a proposal to systematization

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Laíssa Eschiletti Prati

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo descreve como os quatro conceitos-chave da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimeno Humano (processo, pessoa, contexto e tempo se fazem presentes na metodologia denominada Inserção Ecológica. Tem o objetivo de proporcionar algumas linhas de ação que podem auxiliar equipes de pesquisa na utilização desta proposta em seus projetos de pesquisa. Para isso, foi realizada uma breve comparação entre a Inserção Ecológica e outras metodologias que valorizam o contexto da investigação, e que partem de referenciais teóricos diferentes. Além disso, são apresentados e discutidos estudos que utilizaram a Inserção Ecológia a fim de estabelecer alguns pontos em comum e definir aspectos que possam ser considerados características fundamentais a essa proposta metodológica.This article describes how the four key concepts of the Bioecological Theory of Human Development (process, person, context and time are present in the Ecological Engagement methodology. The goal is to provide some lines of action that may guide research teams to use this proposal in their projects. A brief comparison is performed between the Ecological Engagement and other methodologies, which value the concept of investigation and have distinct theoretical references. Moreover, other studies that used the Ecological Engagement are presented and discussed in order to establish some common points and to define aspects that may be considered as fundamental characteristics of this methodological proposal.

Projeto Sabão Ecológico: uma estratégia educacional para a reciclagem do óleo de cozinha no município de Viçosa

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Yaankha Bharbara Allecxandria Bernardo da Silva Barbosa Cardoso; Sabrina Marcelino Amoglia; Julie Louise McClelland; Amanda Ferreira Teixeira; Laura Fernandes Melo

2017-01-01

O descarte inadequado de resíduos de óleo de cozinha usado pode causar danos ambientais no local onde é descartado, bem como no entorno, fato que desrespeita um dos direitos do ser humano: o acesso ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Neste contexto, o Projeto Sabão Ecológico foi criado pela ONG Engenheiros Sem Fronteiras – Núcleo Viçosa, devido à necessidade de conscientizar a população sobre os danos inerentes ao descarte incorreto desse óleo. Por meio de oficinas teórico-práticas, que e...

Marco para el análisis del tema ecológico en la literatura venezolana

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María De los Ángeles Martín Hernández

2016-01-01

El propósito del artículo es sistematizar las premisas teóricas que constituyen la base fundamental para el abordaje analítico de los textos literarios con tema ecológico. Se conjugan y sintetizan los planteamientos hallados en la revisión bibliográfica realizada, relacionados con definiciones y caracterizaciones de la vinculación actividad literaria-tema ecológico en el contexto venezolano; se organizan consideraciones que explican la adopción del adjetivo “ecológico” y las vinculaciones eco...

Semi-automatic handling of meteorological ground measurements using WeatherProg: prospects and practical implications

Science.gov (United States)

Langella, Giuliano; Basile, Angelo; Bonfante, Antonello; De Mascellis, Roberto; Manna, Piero; Terribile, Fabio

2016-04-01

WeatherProg is a computer program for the semi-automatic handling of data measured at ground stations within a climatic network. The program performs a set of tasks ranging from gathering raw point-based sensors measurements to the production of digital climatic maps. Originally the program was developed as the baseline asynchronous engine for the weather records management within the SOILCONSWEB Project (LIFE08 ENV/IT/000408), in which daily and hourly data where used to run water balance in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum or pest simulation models. WeatherProg can be configured to automatically perform the following main operations: 1) data retrieval; 2) data decoding and ingestion into a database (e.g. SQL based); 3) data checking to recognize missing and anomalous values (using a set of differently combined checks including logical, climatological, spatial, temporal and persistence checks); 4) infilling of data flagged as missing or anomalous (deterministic or statistical methods); 5) spatial interpolation based on alternative/comparative methods such as inverse distance weighting, iterative regression kriging, and a weighted least squares regression (based on physiography), using an approach similar to PRISM. 6) data ingestion into a geodatabase (e.g. PostgreSQL+PostGIS or rasdaman). There is an increasing demand for digital climatic maps both for research and development (there is a gap between the major of scientific modelling approaches that requires digital climate maps and the gauged measurements) and for practical applications (e.g. the need to improve the management of weather records which in turn raises the support provided to farmers). The demand is particularly burdensome considering the requirement to handle climatic data at the daily (e.g. in the soil hydrological modelling) or even at the hourly time step (e.g. risk modelling in phytopathology). The key advantage of WeatherProg is the ability to perform all the required operations and

Produção de cachos e parâmetros genéticos de híbridos de caiaué com dendezeiro

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Ricardo Lopes

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de cachos e estimar os parâmetros genéticos de progênies F1 de caiaué (Elaeis oleifera com dendezeiro (E. guineenses. As progênies foram plantadas em parcelas com número variável de plantas. Avaliaram-se número (NC, peso médio (PMC e peso total de cachos (PTC por planta, do sétimo ao décimo-terceiro ano após o plantio. Estes dados foram analisados por REML/BLUP em 59 progênies, com delineamento desbalanceado em linha e coluna. Todos os caracteres apresentaram considerável variabilidade, com coeficientes de variação genética entre 18,1 e 25,5%, quanto à progênie, e de 25,6 a 36,0% quanto a indivíduo. Pela seleção das cinco melhores progênies, podem ser obtidos ganhos superiores a 30%, para NC e PTC, e acima de 20% para PMC; e, com a seleção dos cinco melhores indivíduos, ganhos acima de 65%, para NC e PTC, e acima de 60% para PMC. As progênies apresentam alta variabilidade genética quanto à produção de cachos. Ganhos genéticos elevados podem ser obtidos pela seleção tanto de indivíduos para clonagem quanto de progênies para reprodução sexuada.

Eficiência da seleção de progênies de café F4 pela metodologia de modelos mistos (REML/BLUP

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Thamiris Bandoni Pereira

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência da seleção de cafeeiros em geração F4 para características agronômicas e resistência a doenças mediante o emprego da metodologia de modelos mistos de Henderson. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG, em Machado, MG, sendo utilizadas progênies F4 derivadas do cruzamento entre cultivares do grupo Icatu com Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 e IAC 17 e com as progênies IAC 5002 e IAC 5010. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o látice com quatro repetições e as avaliações foram realizadas ao longo de dois anos (2010 e 2011. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: produção (litros planta-1, reação à ferrugem, vigor vegetativo e reação à cercosporiose. Foram utilizados o procedimento REML/BLUP para estimar os parâmetros genéticos, o índice de seleção de Mulamba e Mock a fim de verificar os ganhos para múltiplos caracteres, a acurácia e eficiência, calculadas a partir do diferente número de medições e, ainda, o agrupamento multivariado de progênies pelo método de Tocher. Verificou-se, a partir da análise dos parâmetros genéticos, um maior sucesso na seleção entre famílias para todas as características avaliadas. A adoção de quatro colheitas poderá elevar a acurácia a 80% na seleção de indivíduos para as características produção, reação à ferrugem e vigor vegetativo. A seleção das 12 melhores progênies para caracteres múltiplos pelo índice de Mulamba e Mock proporcionaria um ganho médio de 70,4%.

A Review of Cyanobacterial Odorous and Bioactive Metabolites: Impacts and Management Alternatives in Aquaculture

Science.gov (United States)

2008-05-06

Ben-Amotz, A., 1985. Lipid and lipopoly- saccharide constituents of cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis (Cyanophyceae, Nostocales). Mar. Ecol. Prog...only been confirmed in liver and brain cells (Fischer et al., 2005; Meier- Abt et al., 2007). Once inside cells, microcystins and nodularins inhibit... assay ) or PPIA (protein phosphatase inhibition assay ) but the actual toxin responsible was not confirmed (i.e., confirmation by LC-MS, MALDI, or HPLC is

Una mirada actual del modelo ecológico de Florence Nightingale

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Germán-Bes, Concepción

2011-01-01

Introducción: La celebración del centenario de Florence Nightingale y la iniciativa de la Fundación Index de la lectura continuada en voz alta, nos ha permitido reflexionar en la obra “Notas de Enfermería”, cuyo objetivo se ha centrado en los contenidos ecológicos de la misma. Método: Realizamos un “análisis de contenido” del texto buscando lo ecológico y ambiental y se han contrastado con las posibles influencias o concordancia con autores de su época y con lo que son hoy los conceptos de sa...

Concepções de agricultores ecológicos do Paraná sobre alimentação saudável Concepciones de agricultores ecológicos de Paraná (Sur de Brasil sobre alimentación saludable Conceptions of healthy eating among ecological farmers in Paraná, Southern Brazil

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Erica Ell

2012-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as concepções de agricultores ecológicos sobre alimentação saudável. MÉTODOS: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa. Entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2007, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com o apoio de um roteiro com 11 mulheres e um homem residentes em comunidade agrícola de Rio Branco do Sul, PR, selecionados aleatoriamente dentre as 20 famílias de agricultores ecológicos desse município. RESULTADOS: Três categorias de análise foram identificadas: "tomada de consciência da alimentação saudável", "capacidade de compra" e "terra saudável". O significado da alimentação saudável para as mulheres agricultoras envolve a ideia de que os alimentos devem ser naturais, sem agrotóxicos nem produtos químicos industrializados. Cotidianamente o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes somado ao básico feijão, arroz e carne deve ser abundante e a composição do prato deve visar à prevenção de obesidade e doenças crônico-degenerativas. O cuidado com os recursos naturais para garantir a produção de alimentos saudáveis, a segurança alimentar, a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente e a vida futura do planeta integram o conceito de alimentação saudável. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento, a autocrítica e o discernimento acompanharam as concepções em relação à alimentação saudável.OBJETIVO: Describir las concepciones de agricultores ecológicos sobre alimentación saludable. MÉTODOS: Estudio con abordaje cualitativo. Entre enero y febrero de 2007, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con el apoyo de un itinerario con 11 mujeres y un hombre residentes en comunidad agrícola de Rio Branco do Sul, Sur de Brasil, seleccionados aleatoriamente entre las 20 familias de agricultores ecológicos de este municipio. RESULTADOS: Tres categorías de análisis fueron identificadas: "tomada de consciencia de la alimentación saludable", "capacidad de compra" y "tierra saludable". El significado de la alimentaci

Sustentabilidade: mantra ou escolha moral? uma abordagem ecológico-econômica

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Clóvis Cavalcanti

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Qual é o tamanho ótimo da escala econômica que a natureza pode admitir? A questão requer que se esteja falando de uma situação em que a economia seja vista como subsistema do ecossistema. É assim que a economia ecológica percebe a realidade e é nessa óptica que se configura o conceito de sustentabilidade ecológica. O impacto ambiental do crescimento sobre os recursos e sumidouros da natureza tem que ser contido dentro de limites. A noção usual de sustentabilidade, porém, dá a impressão de se ter convertido numa espécie de mantra da atualidade, sem maior compromisso. Mudanças no sistema econômico são inevitáveis como forma de adaptação às restrições que o processo econômico confronta. Cabe indagar o que é que se deseja sustentar e em que escala de tempo. À sociedade cumpre escolher a mudança a se fazer: uma escolha moral.What is the optimum scale of the economy compatible with nature? This question asks for consideration of the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem. Ecological economics adopts that perspective permitting that the concept of environmental sustainability be established. This implies that the environmental impact of growth on the source and sink functions of nature be contained within limits. The usual notion of sustainability, however, gives the impression of having been transformed into a kind of today's mantra, without serious obligations. Changes in the economic system are unavoidable as a means of adaptation to the restrictions that the economic process encounters. This requires knowing what it is to be sustained and in within which time scale. The duty of choosing the changes to be made must be ascribed to society: a moral choice.

Géographie de l´Ecole et géographie à l´Ecole. (Etude du fichier des thèses de 1990 à 1994.)

OpenAIRE

Chevalier, Jean-Pierre

1997-01-01

La décennie des années 90 est marquée par un développement des travaux de thèses en géographie portant soit sur l´Ecole, soit sur la didactique de la discipline. Certaines font de l´Ecole un objet géographique, d´autres étudient l´enseignement de la géographie, ce sont ces dernières qui relèvent de préoccupations plus proprement didactiques. Nous distinguons donc “géographie de l´Ecole” et “géographie à l´Ecole”. Nous avons étudié le fichier des thèses soutenues et des sujets de thèses dépos...

Ações sustentáveis para concepção de loteamentos ecológicos um Estudo de caso da Empresa Ellenco.

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Odair de Almeida Ferreira

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A preocupação com o meio ambiente, e também com os processos produtivos das empresas de modo geral, devido as grandes emissões de agentes poluidores na atmosfera e recursos hídricos, vem prejudicando a flora, fauna e comprometendo a qualidade de vida das pessoas, e afetando todo o eco sistema e a sobrevivência do nosso planeta. Isso tem levado muitos consumidores a repensarem em seus hábitos, optando muitas vezes em adquirir e consumir produtos que possuem práticas em pró a preservação do planeta, diversas empresas atentas a essas mudanças comportamental, e de fato comprometida com as práticas sustentáveis, tem realizados nos últimos anos mudanças na concepção de seus produtos contemplando ações ecológicas. Dessa forma, a proposta deste artigo é discutir as ações possíveis de serem implantadas pelas loteadoras em seus residenciais, de forma que possa tornar os empreendimentos compatíveis aos conceitos de sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada foi à bibliográfica por meio do método dedutivo, e também será baseada nas experiências da empresa Ellenco Empreendimentos Imobiliários Ltda, uma loteadora, a qual se destina em implantar projetos residenciais no estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de identificação da concepção de loteamento com características sustentáveis da empresa. Por tanto, o objetivo da pesquisa é de apresentar as ações necessárias para a concepção de um loteamento sustentável. Em consonância com a bibliografia que trata do tema, e mais as análises de observação da empresa loteadora, foi possível identificar um conjunto de 18 ações em pró a sustentabilidade as quais poderão ser implantadas em um residencial. Chegando de forma consistente aos cumprimentos do objetivo e problemática da pesquisa, uma vez que a preocupação ao meio ambiente é uma necessidade real e deve ser consideras por todas as empresas, e também, considerando a existência de um nicho de mercado disposto

Seleção para a resistência à ferrugem em progênies das cultivares de café IPR 99 e IPR 107 Selection for resistance to rust in progenies of coffee cultivars IPR 99 and IPR 107

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Gustavo Hiroshi Sera

2010-01-01

Full Text Available As cultivares de café IPR 99 ("Sarchimor" e IPR 107 ('IAPAR 59' x 'Mundo Novo IAC 376-4' eram no passado resistentes à ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: a Identificar progênies dessas duas cultivares com resistência à ferrugem; b Identificar progênies com resistência incompleta; c Verificar a eficiência dos cruzamentos testes na seleção dessas cultivares. A avaliação da resistência em campo foi realizada em cafeeiros adultos expostos à população local de raças presentes no IAPAR. Foram avaliados 23 cruzamentos testes com progênies F3 de 'IPR 107' e 5 com progênies F4 de 'IPR 99'. Além disso, foram avaliadas 11 progênies F4 de 'IPR 107' e 5 progênies F5 de 'IPR 99', provenientes de autofecundação. Várias progênies das cultivares IPR 99 e 107 apresentaram alta freqüência de plantas com resistência completa e são portadoras de mais genes de resistência não quebrados pelas raças de ferrugem. Progênies das cultivares IPR 99 e IPR 107 com a resistência quebrada apresentaram resistência incompleta à população local de raças. Cruzamentos testes foram eficientes na seleção de progênies de café com mais genes de resistência não quebrados.All plants of the coffee cultivars IPR 99 ("Sarchimor" and IPR 107 ('IAPAR 59' x 'Mundo Novo IAC 376-4' were resistant to rust (Hemileia vastatrix in the past. Currently, susceptible plants were observed in the two cultivars due to the breakdown of resistance by new rust races. The aims of this study were: a to identify coffee (Coffea arabica L. progenies of the two cultivars with resistance to rust; b to identify progenies with incomplete resistance; c to investigate the efficiency of test-crosses for selection from these cultivars. Evaluation for field resistance was carried out in adult plants subjected to natural infection by the local leaf rust population at IAPAR. Twenty-three test-crosses with F3 progenies of 'IPR 107' and five with F4

Natureza, ecologia e cultura: bases para uma abordagem ao projeto ecológico

OpenAIRE

Silva, Paula Gomes da

2013-01-01

A sensibilidade ao contexto natural, mais tarde identificado como contexto ecológico, constitui um aspecto fundamental da arquitectura paisagista. Simultaneamente, a criação de espaços de paisagem como produto cultural, motivado e apreciado no âmbito de convenções estéticas é também uma das características fundamentais da profissão. A dupla ligação à natureza (ciência) e à cultura (arte) tem sido motivadora de profundos conflitos. O projecto ecológico, que se consolidou como uma corrente proj...

Estado ecológico de algunos humedales colombianos en los últimos 15 años: una evaluación prospectiva

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Juan Pablo Rodríguez

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Los humedales desempeñan un papel fundamental desde una perspectiva ecológica y socioeconómica. Contrario a la idea ya obsoleta de lugares insalubres y de poca productividad, hoy son considerados ecosistemas estratégicos, amortiguadores de crecientes, sitios especiales de conservación de biota y cruciales por los servicios ecosistémicos que prestan. Partiendo de una revisión bibliográfica referente al estado ecológico de los humedales en Colombia en los últimos 15 años, se analizó cuáles son los factores, problemáticas e impactos más frecuentes y comunes que se presentan en 29 humedales colombianos. Se aplicó una metodología prospectiva, mediante el software MICMAC®, con el fin de conocer y priorizar los factores que son más sensibles a la transformación del ecosistema y sobre los cuales habría que tomar acciones de mitigación, preservación y/o conservación. Se encontró que los procesos urbanísticos son un factor de alto impacto en el deterioro del humedal. Se pudo comprobar la potencialidad y robustez del software MICMAC® como herramienta de análisis prospectivo, lo cual podría ser usado por las autoridades ambientales para mejorar la toma de decisiones respecto a qué hacer, cómo actuar y qué esperar de los factores y problemáticas que se presentan en los humedales.

Amazônia socioambiental: sustentabilidade ecológica e diversidade social

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Deborah Lima

2005-08-01

Full Text Available ESTE ARTIGO baseia-se no emprego de um conceito central do discurso ambientalista - o de sustentabilidade ecológica - para construir um quadro analítico da diversidade socioambiental da Amazônia contemporânea. O exercício consiste em um ordenamento geral de categorias sociais segundo seu comportamento ambiental. Este é o ponto de partida para uma análise dos fundamentos históricos, econômicos e culturais da sustentabilidade ecológica atribuída a cada segmento social. A análise mostra a complexidade da interação entre múltiplos fatores que explicam o comportamento ecológico particular de cada um dos seguintes segmentos sociais considerados: a povos indígenas de comércio esporádico, b povos indígenas de comércio recorrente, c povos indígenas dependentes da produção mercantil, d pequenos produtores "tradicionais", e latifúndios "tradicionais", f latifúndios recentes, g migrantes/ fronteira, h grandes projetos e i exploradores itinerantes. Com este exercício, alguns estereótipos consagrados são contrariados, como aqueles que relacionam baixa sustentabilidade ecológica com pobreza, ou alta sustentabilidade ecológica com identidade indígena. Concluímos mostrando a importância de prosseguir com análises de amplo espectro para entender a diversidade socioambiental da Amazônia.WITH ONE of the central concepts of environmental discourse - that of ecological sustainability - we analyse the social diversity of contemporary Amazonia, presenting classification of Amazonian social segments according to the degree of environmental sustainability of their productive activities. With no intention of covering all of Amazonian social diversity, we identify nine of its main segments: Indians of sporadic commerce, Indians of recurrent commerce, Indians dependent on mercantile production, traditional peasants, traditional ranchers, recently established ranchers, frontier migrants, large scale entrepreneurial projects, and itinerant

Otimização do manejo da pinta preta causada por Guignardia citricarpa Kiely na produção ecológica de tangerinas cv. Montenegrina sob a ótica da pesquisa participativa

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Juliana Dalmagro Pandolfo

2011-01-01

No Rio Grande do Sul cultiva-se diversas espécies cítricas, destacando-se o município de Montenegro, no Vale do Caí/RS. Para a produção de frutas destinadas ao consumo in natura, a maioria dos citricultores adota pacotes tecnológicos que consistem no uso de insumos químicos e na simplificação do ambiente. No entando, experiências de citricultores ecológicos demonstram ser possível produzir citros usando métodos de manejo que dispensam agrotóxicos ou fertilizantes químicos. Entretanto eles enf...

Bajo el signo del miedo ecológico global: la imbricación de lo sagrado en la conciencia ecológica europea

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Jose Manuel Echavarren

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La situación de crisis ecológica actual ha provocado un clima de miedo que afecta a amplios sectores de la sociedad. En el presente artículo se estudia cómo el miedo medioambiental influye en las actitudes y prácticas ecocéntricas por parte de la población europea, y cómo se imbrica a su vez con una interpretación sagrada del medio. La religión se puede considerar una respuesta cultural a miedos colectivos, y aquí se analiza cómo reacciona ante los nuevos miedos medioambientales del cambio de siglo. En particular interesa el caso de la ecorreligiosidad de nuevo cuño denominada por Giner y Tàbara Piedad Cósmica. Los datos se extraen de la encuesta ISSP Environment del año 2000, trabajando sobre una muestra de trece países europeos. Los resultados muestran que el miedo medioambiental es un activador de la conducta ecológica y que la Piedad Cósmica en particular destaca por su compromiso medioambiental.

Ambiente ecológico e mundo vivido: aproximações possíveis entre a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty e a Filosofia Ecológica

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Sabrina Balthazar Ramos Ferreira

2017-05-01

Full Text Available O problema mente-corpo esteve na base das discussões filosóficas ao longo de grande parte da história do pensamento ocidental. Com relação à Filosofia da Mente, inúmeros foram os trabalhos que divergiram quanto à separação ou não entre a mente e o corpo, a constituição de ambos ou mesmo a existência do primeiro. Nesse trabalho, abordaremos a posição de Maurice Merleau-Ponty quanto ao dualismo em sua obra A Fenomenologia da Percepção, sua saída para superá-lo e a intrínseca relação do homem com o mundo. Quanto a este último aspecto, buscaremos estabelecer um diálogo com a ideia de ambiente ecológico, abordada pela Filosofia Ecológica, apontando os fatores em comum entre os dois pensamentos filosóficos.

Implicancias ecológicas de la priorización económica en el paisaje cultural. Determinante de orden y sustentabilidad

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Diego Subercaseaux-Ugarte

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La aproximación sistémica y la transdisciplinariedad son fundamentales para tratar la situación ecológica-territorial actual. El paisaje cultural corresponde a un objeto de estudio epistemológicamente adecuado ante la problemática de la sustentabilidad. La racionalidad económica prioriza la maximización del lucro económico frente al diseño del paisaje cultural (dimensión económica. Se definen 16 principios propios del determinante de orden económico, donde se identifican sus efectos en la estructura del paisaje y las consecuencias ecológicas. Sucede una disminución de la conectividad y de la diversidad ecológica del paisaje cultural, de su potencial de resiliencia y restauración, un desacoplamiento entre la autopoiesis y la adaptación, y así una disminución de su adaptabilidad ecológica. Esto finalmente genera una insustentabilidad de los servicios ecológicos vitales para nuestra sociedad.

Innovative Approaches by Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Library

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Dumont, Richard; Dupuis, Marie-Helene; Focault, Luc; Hiller, Marc; Proulx, Madeline

2005-01-01

Librarians are better able to respond to the needs of their end users while supporting the goals of their institution. This is illustrated through five recent initiatives undertaken by the Library of Ecole Polytechnique in direct support of institutional research activities: Master’s and Ph. D. students develop information skills through the preparation of a portfolio on their research topic. This assignment forms part of an information literacy laboratory within a research methodology cour...

Tècniques de maneig de pomera (Malus domestica Borkhausen) en agricultura ecològica

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Alins Valls, Georgina

2009-01-01

En la darrera dècada, la superfície en agricultura ecològica a Europa ha experimentat unfort augment, però la producció de fruita dolça encara no arriba a l'1% de la producció totaldegut a les dificultats tècniques que comporta. La producció de pomes en agricultura ecològica planteja tota una sèrie de reptes com l'elecció de la varietat, el control de plagues, malalties i flora arvense i l'aclarida, entre altres. El treball realitzat en aquesta tesi ha tingut com a objectiu incrementar el con...

Cuidado ecológico: o significado para profissionais de um hospital geral Cuidado ecológico: el significado para profesionales de un hospital general Ecological care: meaning for health care professionals from a general hospital

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Marli Terezinha Stein Backes

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Compreender à luz do pensamento complexo, o significado do cuidado ecológico e como este vem sendo associado à prática de profissionais que trabalham em um hospital geral. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de natureza qualitativa realizado com 15 profissionais que atuam em três diferentes setores: Serviço de Lavanderia, Serviço de Nutrição e uma Unidade de Internação. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado e submetidos à análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. RESULTADOS: As categorias encontradas foram: Significando o cuidado ecológico, Salientando a importância do cuidado ecológico para a prática profissional e Medidas preventivas em saúde associadas ao cuidado ecológico. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo evidenciou que existe uma preocupação geral, ainda que incipiente, a respeito da problemática ambiental. A preocupação principal está relacionada à separação, reciclagem e destino adequado do lixo, mesmo que alguns profissionais tenham sinalizado para a importância de medidas preventivas como a lavagem das mãos, utilização de produtos biodegradáveis, entre outros.OBJETIVO: Comprender a La luz del pensamiento complejo, el significado del cuidado ecológico y cómo éste viene siendo asociado a la práctica de profesionales que trabajan en un hospital general. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de naturaleza cualitativa realizado con 15 profesionales que actúan en tres diferentes sectores: Servicio de Lavandería, Servicio de Nutrición y una Unidad de Internamiento. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de un cuestionario semi-estructurado y sometidos al análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin. RESULTADOS: Las categorías encontradas fueron: Significando el cuidado ecológico, resaltando la importancia del cuidado ecológico para la práctica profesional y Medidas preventivas en salud asociadas al cuidado ecológico. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio evidenció que existe una preocupaci

Estudios ecológicos en salud ambiental: más allá de la epidemiología

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Luis C. Blanco-Becerra

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Los estudios ecológicos se caracterizan por tener como unidad de análisis a las poblaciones, y constituyen una fuente importante y frecuente de información comprobada en salud ambiental. En esta revisión se resumen los fundamentos de los estudios ecológicos, partiendo de la premisa de que es posible hacerlos con métodos cuantitativos, cualitativos o mixtos. Se presenta la lógica que subyace a su diseño, y su papel en la exploración de la causalidad, las variables y las categorías de análisis, los principales diseños y las técnicas de recolección de datos. Igualmente, se dan ejemplos de estudios ecológicos llevados a cabo en América Latina, y se discuten algunos de los problemas metodológicos frecuentes y las posibles vías para abordarlos. Por último, se resalta la relevancia de los estudios ecológicos cuantitativos y cualitativos en salud ambiental como una forma de superar el individualismo conceptual y metodológico hegemónico, que resulta insuficiente para el estudio de la salud en las poblaciones.

Divergência genética entre progênies de café robusta Genetic divergence among robusta coffe progenies

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Milana Gonçalves Ivoglo

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se a divergência genética de 21 progênies de meios-irmãos - 19 do grupo Congolês e duas do grupo Guineano - de introduções do germoplasma de café robusta (Coffea canephora do IAC. O estudo baseou-se em análises multivariadas de 14 características morfo-agronômicas, com o propósito de selecionar as progênies mais divergentes, visando à definição de população-base para posterior seleção e produção de híbridos. Avaliou-se também a importância das características discriminantes para análises de divergência, visando ao descarte das variáveis, segundo suas contribuições relativas. O experimento foi plantado e desenvolvido em campo experimental localizado no Pólo Regional do Nordeste Paulista, Mococa (SP, em blocos casualizados, com 21 tratamentos e 24 repetições. O agrupamento dos genótipos foi realizado com base nos métodos de Tocher e UPGMA. A matriz de dissimilaridade genética foi obtida por meio da distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, que serviu de base para a formação dos grupos. Os métodos empregados foram eficientes em detectar ampla variabilidade genética entre as progênies avaliadas. Vários grupos dissimilares foram identificados. As progênies IAC 2262, IAC 2290, IAC 2286, IAC 2292 e IAC 2291 são indicadas para compor programas de intercruzamentos, por terem sido consideradas as mais promissoras na obtenção de populações segregantes ou híbridos heteróticos. As características que menos contribuíram para a divergência genética foram, hierarquicamente: diâmetro da copa antes da poda, altura da planta antes da poda e área foliar.It was studied genetic divergence of 21 half-sib progenies, being 19 of the Congolês group and two of the Guineano group, introductions of germoplasma robust (Coffea canephora, based in 14 morpho-agronomic traits and multivariate procedures. It's aims to select the lineages most divergent for definition of population-base for posterior reciprocal

La huella ecológica del cultivo del olivo en España y su aplicabilidad como indicador de agricultura sostenible

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López Bermúdez, Francisco; Alonso Sarriá, Francisco; Conesa García, Carmelo; Hernández Laguna, Enrique; Álvarez Rogel, Yolanda

2004-01-01

El cultivo del olivo ocupa vastas superficies en las tierras mediterráneas constituyendo parte esencial de su paisaje. Es el principal cultivo arbóreo mediterráneo y de España, con grandes repercusiones ecológicas, socio-económicas y culturales. Con el objetivo de determinar la sostenibilidad ecológica del cultivo, y el riesgo de desertificación, se aplica el cálculo del indicador de huella ecológica (HE), se lo compara con la biocapacidad (BP) del olivar en el campo español y ...

Efectos ecológicos del fenómeno ENOS en Colombia

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Yesid Carvajal

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno ENOS, tiene un sustancial efecto sobre las variaciones del clima a nivel mundial; por lo tanto, no sorprende que sus efectos tengan un impacto ecológico y socioeconómico fuerte, alterando la seguridad alimentaria de los países a nivel mundial. Ante este panorama, es comprensible que haya despertado el mayor interés mundial, no sólo en los especialistas en meteorología y oceanografía sino también entre biólogos, ecólogos, físicos, matemáticos, agrónomos, hidrólogos, economistas, sociólogos y planificadores, entre otros. En el presente documento, se muestra algunos de los principales efectos ecológicos en Colombia durante las fases extremas cálida (El Niño y fría (La Niña, indicando que es una necesidad urgente, orientar la investigación en sus causas, consecuencias e impactos.

Riesgo ecológico del sulfato de bario

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Paredes Espinal, Christian Edgardo

2016-01-01

Se desconoce el efecto del sulfato de bario en los ecosistemas acuáticos donde se realizan actividades hidrocarburíferas y que vienen incrementándose a nivel nacional. Por tal motivo, se evaluó el riesgo ecológico del sulfato de bario empleando la respuesta ecotoxicológica de doce organismos no destinatarios a fin de conocer los posibles efectos que este compuesto pudiera estar ocasionando a los organismos relacionados a los ecosistemas marinos y epicontinentales donde se desarrollan activida...

Predição de parâmetros e valores genéticos para caracteres de crescimento e produção de látex em progênies de seringueira Genetic parameters and values prediction for growth and latex production traits in rubber tree progenies

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Reginaldo Brito da Costa

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou estimar parâmetros e valores genéticos para os caracteres altura, diâmetro, produção de látex e produtividade de progênies de seringueira. As progênies meio-irmãos foram estabelecidas sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 28 tratamentos (progênies, cinco repetições e dez plantas por parcela. Aos três anos de idade, as progênies foram avaliadas quanto aos caracteres: a altura total (cm; b diâmetro (mm; c Produção de borracha seca (g e produtividade (g cm-2. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidades individuais (0,33; 0,24 e 0,51 para os caracteres altura, diâmetro e produtividade, respectivamente, foram consideradas expressivas. Para o caráter produção de borracha seca, a estimativa do coeficiente de herdabilidade individual, no sentido restrito (9%, embora de baixa magnitude, revela excelente possibilidade de seleção, pois conduziram a estimativa da herdabilidade, em nível de médias de família, a um valor equivalente a 68%. A acurácia entre os valores genéticos preditos e os verdadeiros foram de 0,80 para altura, 0,76 para diâmetro, 0,62 para produção de borracha seca e 0,86 para produtividade. As estimativas de herdabilidades individuais associadas às de médias de progênies podem maximizar os ganhos genéticos com a seleção na população. A inclusão do caráter produtividade foi promissora e deve ser utilizada na seqüência das avaliações, subsidiando o programa de melhoramento genético da espécie no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.This study aimed to estimate genetic values and parameters for plant height, diameter, rubber yield and productivity (g cm-2 of rubber tree progenies. Half-sib progenies were established in a complete randomized block, with 28 treatments, five replicates and 10 plants per plot. At three years of life, the progenies were evaluated regarding the following characters: diameter, rubber production and productivity (g cm². The estimative coefficients

Conciencia social y ecológica en el consumo

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José Raúl Luyando Cuevas

2016-01-01

La presente investigación se propone utilizar una concepción diferente del consumo que ayude a amalgamar la principal corriente teórica con el paradigma de la sustentabilidad. A este nuevo enfoque lo denominamos consumo con conciencia social y ecológica. La pretensión es que se pueda utilizar para transitar hacia una producción más sosteni- ble en el corto plazo.

Evolução da vassoura-de-bruxa e avaliação da resistência em progênies de cupuaçuzeiro Evolution of the witch's broom disease and evaluation of resistance in cupuassu progenies

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Rafael Moysés Alves

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de conhecer a evolução da doença vassoura-de-bruxa, a taxa de segregação e estimar parâmetros genéticos, foi conduzido um experimento com 21 progênies de irmãos completos de cupuaçuzeiro, instalado em Belém, Pará. As progênies foram obtidas pelo cruzamento controlado de clones resistentes com clones resistentes, clones resistentes com clones suscetíveis e, clones suscetíveis com clones suscetíveis. Foram avaliadas também três progênies de meios-irmãos como testemunhas. Os experimentos foram avaliados ao nível de indivíduos, e as análises foram conduzidas via metodologia de modelos lineares mistos (procedimento REMl/BlUP, como delineamento em blocos incompletos desbalanceados, com tratamentos comuns entre dois experimentos. As variáveis avaliadas foram: percentagem de plantas resistentes ao ataque da doença no ramo, inflorescência, fruto imaturo e maduro, no período de 2002 a 2007. Os resultados mostraram que a emissão de vassoura vegetativa é especialmente importante entre julho e setembro. A evolução da doença evidencia que as podas fitossanitárias devem ser realizadas no final da safra, nos meses de maio/junho, e repassadas em setembro/outubro. A população estudada oferece excelente possibilidade de seleção e ganho genético, respaldada pelos elevados índices de variabilidade genética e herdabilidade dos caracteres de resistência. As progênies segregaram tanto para os sintomas de vassoura nos ramos, nas inflorescências, como nos frutos imaturos e maduros. Para o controle integrado desta doença, os resultados mostram a importância da associação de materiais genéticos resistentes ou moderadamente resistentes à vassoura-de-bruxa com as podas fitossanitárias.This paper aimed to study the evolution and individual segregation of the witch's broom disease and estimate the genetic parameters in trials with 21 full sib families of Cupuaçú established in Belém, Pará. The progenies were

IsoBank workshop held at IsoEcol10 - University of Tokyo 2016

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Hayden, Brian

2016-01-01

IsoBank is a repository for stable isotope values and relevant metadata. These slides were presented at a workshop held during IsoEcol10 to refine and design the IsoBank for the needs of a diverse group of researchers.

Proyecto de una planta industrial de ladrillos ecológicos del tipo suelo-cemento en Arequipa

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Murillo Salas, Erick Manuel; Murillo Salas, Erick Manuel

2015-01-01

En este trabajo se desarrolló el proyecto de una planta de ladrillos ecológicos en la ciudad de Arequipa. Se fabricó un tipo de ladrillo compuesto de arena-arcilla y reforzado con cemento y se le sometió a tres (3) ensayos de laboratorio para comprobar su resistencia y durabilidad. Actualmente en el Perú no existe ninguna planta para la producción de un ladrillo ecológico por medios industriales. En la ciudad de Arequipa, la gran mayoría de las ladrilleras son artesanales e informales, alg...

Parâmetros genéticos em progênies de polinização livre de acerola Genetic parameters in open pollination progenies of the acerola

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João Rodrigues de Paiva

1999-04-01

Full Text Available A acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C. é uma cultura que vem despertando grande interesse por parte de consumidores, produtores, industriais e exportadores, dado o seu alto teor de vitamina C. No Brasil, não existem variedades recomendadas para o plantio comercial; por esta razão, os dados de produção são muito variáveis. O presente trabalho visa estimar e interpretar geneticamente a porção de variabilidade existente quanto a alguns caracteres, em uma população de plântulas de aceroleira obtidas de sementes, originalmente selecionadas em plantio comercial no Estado do Ceará. O experimento foi instalado no local definitivo em abril/96, na Estação Experimental da Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Agroindústria Tropical (CNPAT, no município de Pacajus, CE, sob arranjo experimental de blocos casualizados, com 62 tratamentos, três repetições e quatro plantas por parcelas, no espaçamento de 4 m entre linhas e 3 m entre plantas. Os tratamentos são constituídos por progênies de polinização livre. No primeiro ano de idade das plantas, a maioria das progênies já tinha frutificado, sendo que a proporção de florescimento era menor do que a frutificação no período de avaliação. Pelas estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade dos caracteres, pode-se afirmar que a seleção de progênies resultará em ganhos superiores em relação à seleção de plantas. Os índices b1 e b2, que quantificam a relação da variação genética em face da variação ambiental entre e dentro de progênies, respectivamente, revelam uma condição favorável à seleção dentro de progênies.Acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C., a typical tropical crop, has shown excellent adaptation in many Brazilian regions. Its high vitamin C content has attracted the interest of consumers, farmers, industries and exporters. Selected materials with desirable characteristics such as high productivity and high fruit quality must be planted to establish new

La cubierta ecológica como material de construcción

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Neila, Javier

2000-06-01

Full Text Available The ecological roof is one with a cover of vegetation with a thin substratum and a layer of low level plants. This type of roof has many advantages including architectural, construction, environmental and aesthetic ad vantages. In order to determine the thermal behaviour of models with ecological roofs, simulations were performed on these and other types of construction in the two areas involved in the study: Maracaibo and Madrid. Five different roofs were created for the study, analysed in four ways: 1 with the building windows closed throughout the whole 24 hours, 2 with the windows closed during the day and open at night; 3 open 24 hours; 4 open during the day and closed at night. The simulation tool used in the study was the "Method of Interior Temperature Evolution Calculation" developed by Javier Neila. The results obtained show that the ecological roof reduces the heat transference in hot seasons, acting as exterior insulation, and preventing heat loss by radiation into space in winter.La cubierta ecológica es un tipo de cubierta vegetal con un substrato de poco espesor y una capa vegetal con plantas de bajo porte. Las ventajas de este tipo de cubierta, abarcan aspectos arquitectónicos, constructivos, medioambientales y estéticos. Para realizar estudios a través de modelos de ordenador con cubiertas ecológicas, primero se determinó el valor de conductividad térmica equivalente del substrato y capa vegetal, utilizando las ecuaciones de balance térmico, lo cual fue comprobado con un ensayo de laboratorio y, con estos resultados, se realizaron simulaciones térmicas en los espacios con cubiertas ecológicas comparándolos con sistemas constructivos de cubiertas utilizados en las dos zonas de estudio: Maracaibo y Madrid. Para el estudio se establecieron cinco alternativas de cubiertas, analizándose de cuatro maneras diferentes: 1 cerrada durante las 24 horas. 2 cerrada durante el día y abierta en la noche ; 3 abierta las 24 horas

Conciencia social y ecológica en el consumo

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José Raúl Luyando Cuevas

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación se propone utilizar una concepción diferente del consumo que ayude a amalgamar la principal corriente teórica con el paradigma de la sustentabilidad. A este nuevo enfoque lo denominamos consumo con conciencia social y ecológica. La pretensión es que se pueda utilizar para transitar hacia una producción más sosteni- ble en el corto plazo.

Gestión integral del agua desde un enfoque social hacia una economía ecológica

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María de los Ángeles Gil Antonio

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El modelo de economía ecológica es un sistema abierto que distingue las interrelaciones entre el sistema económico y el ecológico. En ese sentido, es integral, pues considera aspectos moneta - rios, sociales y ambientales. En lo que respecta al estudio de la disminución en la disponibilidad de agua, este modelo presenta una alternativa, pues daría cuenta de aquellos aspectos relaciona - dos con la gestión integral del agua que apunta a la participación de la sociedad como una opción alterna. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la relación entre la economía ecológica y la gestión integral del agua, tomando en consideración que para ambas el aspecto social es significativo.

Evaluación de Riesgo Ecológico en la Aplicación de Lodos de Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Servidas a Suelos en la Región de la Araucanía

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Carolina Soto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Los lodos generados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas servidas contienen materiales orgánicos ricos en nutrientes como nitrógeno (N, fósforo (P y potasio (K, además de metales y pequeñas cantidades de otros elementos tales como celulosa, ácidos orgánicos. Los lodos pueden ser considerados como residuos o reciclados mediante la incorporación a suelos. Frente a esta situación de disposición de lodos primarios en suelos, se determinó el efecto de dos muestras de lodos (una ya incorporada en suelo y otra fresca mediante la evaluación de bioensayos de toxicidad en Eisenia foetida durante 14 días, en donde se determinó que las muestras de lodos no presentaban toxicidad y que además existe una independencia entre la concentración y sus efectos en la mortalidad y crecimiento. Sumado a lo anterior, se evaluó las muestras de lodos en base a su contenidos de metales mediante el análisis de riesgo ecológico , en el cual obtenidos los antecedentes referidos a efectos y exposición, se integró la información para estimar el riesgo ecológico para metales pesados, en donde los factores de riesgo para el suelo son como cobre, cadmio, mercurio, níquel y zinc, la estimación del riesgo ecológico en el lodo incluye a todos los metales pesados y finalmente los factores de riesgo para el lodo aplicado en el suelo son todos los metales a excepción de arsénico.

Desastre ecológico y ambiental en Huancavelica

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Pinto Herrera, Honorio

2014-01-01

El trabajo trata de confirmar, una vez más, que la actividad minera en el Perú afecta los sistemas ecológicos y el medio ambiente. Esto es posible debido al poder de las empresas y a la debilidad y complicidad del Estado. En este sentido, uno de los objetivos de esta investigación es contribuir al conocimiento de un problema nacional, que es la contaminación ambiental a partir de un caso concreto: el derrame de relaves en la mina Caudalosa Chica. Los temas centrales desarrollados abarcan l...

Seleção de progênies de meio-irmãos de milho para eficiência no uso de nitrogênio Selection of half-sib of maize for nitrogen use efficiency

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Rafael Heinz

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho teve por objetivo estimar os parâmetros e os ganhos genéticos na seleção de progênies de meio-irmãos para eficiência no uso de nitrogênio, por meio de seleção simultânea de caracteres. Foram instalados dois experimentos, diferenciados pela adubação nitrogenada, sendo um com adubação adequada (alto N e outro em condição de estresse (baixo N. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em látice 10x10, com duas repetições. Nos ensaios foram utilizadas 84 progênies de meio-irmãos e 16 testemunhas. A partir dos quadrados médios das análises de variâncias de cada ambiente foram realizadas as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos. Após as análises, foram selecionadas em cada ambiente 17 progênies de meio-irmãos, por meio do índice clássico de seleção, e verificou-se a repetibilidade das progênies entre os ambientes. Observou-se variabilidade entre as progênies, determinando o potencial da população para a seleção considerando-se a eficiência no uso de nitrogênio. As estimativas de parâmetros e ganhos genéticos foram maiores em alto N. O uso do índice de seleção promoveu estimativas de ganho por seleção de 24,43 e 21,05% para alto e baixo N, respectivamente, para a produtividade de grãos. As progênies selecionadas apresentaram médias de produtividade de grãos de 13,45 e 19,47% maiores que as testemunhas, em alto e baixo N, respectivamente.The study aimed to estimate the parameters and the genetic gain in selection of half-sib for nitrogen use efficiency, through simultaneous selection of characters. Two experiments were established, differentiated by nitrogen fertilization, one with proper fertilization (high N and another in stress conditions (low N. The experiment was using a 10x10 lattice with two replications. In the tests we used 84 different half-sib and 16 witnesses. From the mean squares of analysis of variance in each environment were the estimates of genetic parameters. After the

Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de progênies de pupunheira para palmito Phenotypic and genotypic characterization in pejibayes progenies for palm heart

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Gilberto Ken-Iti Yokomizo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. é considerada a espécie com maior potencial de produção de palmitos, em substituição aos tradicionais açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart. e juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar alguns parâmetros genéticos associados à avaliação de 31 progênies de meios-irmãos de pupunheiras e classificar as melhores progênies pelo teste de médias de Scott-Knott. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, com parcelas experimentais de cinco plantas. As avaliações dos caracteres de altura da planta no momento do corte (APC, diâmetro da planta na altura do colo (DPC e peso do palmito líquido (PPL foram realizadas aos 15, 26 e 37 meses após o plantio. A população avaliada apresentou variação genética disponível para seleção e não sofreu efeito de interação com os cortes; o caráter PPL deverá ser testado com maior número de repetições, sendo o caráter mais sensível a efeitos de cortes; a razão entre o coeficiente de variação genética e o coeficiente de variação do erro indica que existem dificuldades nos processos de seleção nos caracteres avaliados; a correlação genotípica entre os caracteres DPC e PPL apresenta-se promissora para facilitar a seleção indireta do caráter PPL pelo caráter DPC. O agrupamento de médias de Scott-Knott classificou as progênies em dois grupos.The pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. is the species with the best potential in supplying the production of palm heart, in substitution to açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart. and juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart. species, traditionally produced. The objectives of this work were to estimate some genetic parameters associated to the evaluation of 31 pejibayes half-sib progenies and to classify the best progenies, using the Scott-Knott test for means classification. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, and

Indicadores ecológicos de hábitat y biodiversidad en un paisaje neotropical: perspectiva multitaxonómica

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Noel González-Valdivia

2011-09-01

Full Text Available El uso de especies indicadoras para caracterizar unidades ecológicas específicas es de gran importancia en la biología de la conservación/restauración. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar desde una perspectiva multitaxonómica, las especies que caracterizan distintas unidades de un paisaje. Así, se diferenciaron dos ecomosaicos: bosque tropical lluvioso y matriz agropecuaria con cuatro unidades de paisaje cada uno. Se incluyeron cuatro grupos biológicos: aves (muy móviles, mariposas frugívoras diurnas (moderadamente móviles, gasterópodos terrestres (poco móviles y árboles (sésiles. La eficiencia de muestreo en los ecomosaicos fue ≥86%. Se registraron 50 especies de moluscos, 74 de mariposas, 218 de aves y 172 de árboles, totalizando 514 especies. Mediante ordenamiento y agrupamiento, se diferenciaron tres tipos de hábitats: bosque tropical lluvioso, vegetación secundaria y potreros con árboles. Aplicando el método InVal (≥50%, se identificaron 107 especies indicadoras, de las cuales 45 fueron árboles, 38 aves, 14 mariposas y diez gasterópodos. De éstas, 35 especies de árboles, diez de aves, cuatro de mariposas y ocho de gasterópodos son indicadoras del bosque. Diez, veintiocho, diez y dos especies (de cada grupo respectivamente caracterizaron a la matriz agropecuaria. En el bosque, los gasterópodos Carychium exiguum, Coelocentrum turris, Glyphyalinia aff. indentata y Helicina oweniana se correlacionaron significativamente (p<0.05 con 90% de las especies indicadoras. Estos gasterópodos pueden, además de diferenciar la calidad del hábitat, ser indicadoras de la biodiversidad del bosque. La vegetación secundaria representó una fase intermedia de perturbación que propicia alta riqueza en la matriz agropecuaria. De manera que se aporta una perspectiva multitaxonómica que incluye el papel de la mesofauna en el monitoreo ecológico de agropaisajes.

A sustentabilidade ecológica do consumo em Minas Gerais: uma aplicação do método da pegada ecológica

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Marcos Henrique Godoi Gonzalez

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Embora sejam intensas as preocupações com o desenvolvimento sustentável, escassas são as tentativas de se mensurá-lo entre as unidades subnacionais no Brasil. Com o intuito de contribuir para o preenchimento dessa lacuna, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a sustentabilidade ecológica do consumo da população do Estado de Minas Gerais no ano de 2008 por meio do cálculo de sua pegada ecológica. A análise se baseia nas contribuições mais recentes para tal metodologia, buscando comparar o impacto local e a disponibilidade global de recursos. Concluiu-se que, apesar de estar dentro da própria capacidade de suporte do Estado, em termos per capita, a demanda absoluta por capital natural gera uma pressão excessiva quando comparada à disponibilidade mundial de capital natural, uma vez que, caso a população de todo o mundo mantivesse o mesmo padrão de consumo dos mineiros, seriam necessários 2,64 planetas Terra para sustentá-la.

Avaliação da atividade "in vivo" da fosfatase ácida e do crescimento de progênies de pupunheira cultivadas em duas doses de nitrogênio e fósforo

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M. L. A. Bovi

1998-09-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho, realizado em janeiro de 1995, visou avaliar a atividade da enzima fosfatase ácida em folhas de quatro progênies de pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, cultivadas em duas doses de nitrogênio e duas de fósforo. Para tanto, utilizou-se a porção média da segunda folha mais jovem de perfilhos de palmeiras com quatro anos de idade. As plantas analisadas representam parcelas submetidas a duas doses de nitrogênio (N1 = 0, N2 = 400 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N e duas doses de fósforo (P1 = 0, P2 = 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 de P2O5. A dose de potássio foi 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K2O. Análises dos elementos no solo e nas folhas foram efetuadas e correlações foram estimadas entre as características avaliadas e o crescimento e a produção de palmito dos quatro tratamentos. Foram observados valores médios de atividade da fosfatase ácida de 8,35; 4,58; 10,84, e 11,05 µmol h-1 g-1, para os tratamentos N2P2, N2P1, N1P2 e N1P1, respectivamente. Houve diferenças significativas de atividade entre doses de nitrogênio (10,95 e 6,47 µmol h-1 g-1, para N1 e N2, respectivamente e entre progênies (variando de 6,18 (G3 a 10,10 (G1 µmol h-1 g-1, indicando que esses dois fatores devem ser levados em conta em estudos dessa natureza. A atividade da fosfatase ácida apresentou correlação negativa com as características que avaliam o crescimento (biomassa aérea e radicular e a produção de palmito (peso e diâmetro das plantas estudadas, não se correlacionando com os teores de fósforo no solo ou no tecido foliar.

O psicólogo ecológico no contexto institucional: uma experiência com meninas vítimas de violência

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Clarissa De Antoni

Full Text Available Este ensaio consiste em um relato da experiência de trabalho de um psicólogo ecológico em uma instituição para meninas vítimas de violência, embasada no Modelo Ecológico de Desenvolvimento Humano. É discutida a integração da prática com a teoria, envolvendo desde aspectos relacionados ao cotidiano da instituição e da história de vida das meninas, até a influência cultural e social dos sistemas ecológicos. Os resultados mostraram que a integração destes aspectos levaram à melhoria da qualidade do trabalho dos profissionais e da vida das meninas atendidas.

Análisis de la racionalidad ecológica en agricultores hortícolas de La Plata, Argentina.

OpenAIRE

Gargoloff, Natalia Agustina; Abbona, Esteban Andres; Sarandón, Santiago Javier

2010-01-01

La existencia de una racionalidad ecológica implícita en el manejo de los recursos naturales em agricultores tradicionales, ha permitido la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas. Comprender la racionalidad ecológica en agricultores con características diferentes a la agricultura tradicional, podría contribuir a avanzar hacia una agricultura sustentable. Sin embargo, esto no es sencillo debido a la propia complejidad del término y la ausencia de una metodología que permita abordarla. En este ...

What can and should be legalized in ecological restoration? O que pode e deveria ser legalizado na restauração ecológica?

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James Aronson

2010-06-01

Full Text Available After listing the five key elements of ecological restoration, ecology, economics, social values, cultural values, and politics, I celebrate the fact that in Brazil there is legislation on how to perform ecological restoration of degraded tropical forests, as well as an ongoing dialogue among legislators and scientists about this legislation, and also a lively debate among scientists as the best way forward, referring to articles by Brancalion et al. (2010 and Durigan et al. (2010 in this issue of Revista Árvore. Legislators elsewhere, especially megadiversity countries, should take note. I do not take sides in the debate; I think both groups of authors make very good points. Instead I call on the scientists and legislators concerned with restoration to ponder five strategic tools: A. Start with clear concepts. B. Decide where you want to go and why. C. Negotiate who should benefit & how, and who should pay, how, & why. D. Work out how an honest cost-benefit analysis of restoration would look, regardless of the biome in which you are working. Finally, figure out how to make the restoration immediately attractive for private landowners. Otherwise, they will not cooperate as fully as they could or should, and restoration efforts will not achieve its full potential.Depois de listar os cinco elementos chave da restauração ecológica - ecologia, economia, valores sociais, valores culturais e política, eu celebro o fato de que no Brasil há uma legislação sobre como conduzir a restauração ecológica de florestas tropicais degradadas, bem como o diálogo em andamento entre legisladores e cientistas sobre essa legislação, e também o intenso debate entre cientistas sobre a melhor forma de avançar, referindo aos artigos de Brancalion et al. (2010 e Durigan et al. (2010 nessa edição da Revista Árvore. Legisladores de todas as regiões, especialmente de países de megadiversidade, devem tomar nota. Eu não tomei partido por um dos lados no

Incorporação da dependência espacial na análise de um experimento de avaliação de progênies de milho quanto à resistência à ferrugem comum Spatial dependency analysis of a maize progeny to evaluation the common rust resistance

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Heyder Diniz Silva

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Fenômenos naturais, principalmente aqueles observados na agricultura, tais como produtividade de grãos e incidência de doenças, apresentam-se espacialmente autocorrelacionados. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a existência de dependência espacial entre as notas, relativas à resistência de progênies de milho à ferrugem comum e seus efeitos sobre a seleção de progênies. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições e 100 tratamentos (98 progênies F3 e duas testemuhas. Na análise dos dados, considerou-se o modelo com erros independentes e com erros espacialmente autocorrelacionados. Verificou-se que o modelo com erros espacialmente correlacionados ajustou-se melhor aos dados. O efeito da dependência espacial foi altamente significativo, com alcance de 1,36 m. O número de progênies selecionadas ao se considerar a dependência espacial caiu de 23 para 11, e essas apresentaram um padrão de dispersão no campo bem mais condizente com o esperado.The aim of this work was to evaluate the spatial dependency among the resistance scores of 98 maize progenies to the common rust (Puccinia sorghi and its effects over the selection process. A randomized block design with 100 treatments (98 F2 progênies and two checks was used. Models with independents and spacialy autocorrelated error were taken in account for the data analysis. The experiment showed a high spacial dependence. 23 progenies had been selected with the unadjusted means, and only 11 progenies showed the status of resistant, when the spacial dependence was take into account.

Review on SERS of Bacteria

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Pamela A. Mosier-Boss

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS has been widely used for chemical detection. Moreover, the inherent richness of the spectral data has made SERS attractive for use in detecting biological materials, including bacteria. This review discusses methods that have been used to obtain SERS spectra of bacteria. The kinds of SERS substrates employed to obtain SERS spectra are discussed as well as how bacteria interact with silver and gold nanoparticles. The roll of capping agents on Ag/Au NPs in obtaining SERS spectra is examined as well as the interpretation of the spectral data.

Avaliação rápida da integridade ecológica em riachos urbanos na bacia do rio Corumbá no Centro-Oeste do Brasil

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Giovanna Gomes Cordeiro

2016-06-01

Full Text Available A urbanização tem ocasionado o lançamento de volumes significativos de efluentes domésticos parcialmente tratados nos corpos hídricos brasileiros causando diversos prejuízos ecológicos para estes ecossistemas. Para avaliar a integridade ecológica de riachos na região de Cerrado do Brasil Central foram selecionados quatro pontos de coleta, considerando o nível de influência antrópica ao qual estão submetidos. Foram analisados parâmetros físicos e químicos da água, o uso da paisagem e a comunidade de macroinvetebrados bentônicos. As coletas foram realizadas em julho de 2015 e foram mensuradas "in situ" as variáveis condutividade elétrica, temperatura da água, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, largura e comprimento do riacho e velocidade da correnteza. Em seguida, foram coletadas amostras para o seston, perifíton, macroinvertebrados bentônicos e sedimento depositado. O ponto "Referência" apresentou menor abundância de larvas de Chironomus (Chironomidae: Diptera e maior riqueza taxonômica, além de maior abundância dos grupos taxonômicos Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera, mostrando ser o sistema mais íntegro dentre os analisados. A sub-bacia delimitada a partir desse ponto mostrou uma maior porcentagem de áreas com vegetação nativa (51%. Os pontos com presença de efluentes domésticos ("ETE" e "Jusante" por sua vez, apresentaram valores mais elevados de condutividade elétrica, turbidez, maior abundância de larvas de Chironomus e menor riqueza de táxons, mostrando elevado impacto em função das atividades antrópicas. A avaliação rápida realizada com a composição da comunidade bentônica e as variáveis físicas e químicas da água foi suficiente na identificação das alterações na integridade ecológica causadas pela influência antrópica na bacia hidrográfica do rio Corumbá.

Promoting Students' Emotions and Achievement--Instructional Design and Evaluation of the ECOLE-Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Glaser-Zikuda, Michaela; Fuss, Stefan; Laukenmann, Matthias; Metz, Kerstin; Randler, Christoph

2005-01-01

Emotions such as interest and anxiety are part of the learning process as well as cognition and motivation. In view of this, educational science should take emotional aspects of instruction into account. The "ECOLE"-approach ("Emotional and Cognitive Aspects of Learning") presented in this paper is a theoretically guided…

Metabolismo urbano y apropiación de excedentes ecológicos. De la estepa a la arquitectura burguesa

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Luis Inostroza Pino

2014-05-01

Esta relación entre sociedad y naturaleza, dejó profundas huellas de organización y complejidad en Punta Arenas, conectada metabólicamente con las formas de explotación territorial y apropiación de la estepa. El coirón patagónico y la arquitectura burguesa, principio y fin de la misma cadena productiva, corresponden a las fases inicial y terminal de un proceso de apropiación social de los excedentes ecológicos. Como flujo metabólico, el excedente es ecológico en su origen y social en su evolución.

Estudio de Impacto Ambiental de una Granja de Gallinas Ponedoras en Producción Ecológica en el término municipal de Iznalloz, Granada

OpenAIRE

MARTÍNEZ AYALA, ANTONIO JOSÉ

2012-01-01

El proyecto consiste en la construcción de una granja de huevos ecológicos en la comarca de Los Montes situada en la zona norte de la provincia de Granada, con los siguientes fines: -¿Producción de huevos ecológicos cubriendo así, la creciente demanda de la sociedad, cada vez más comprometida con el consumo responsable. -Fomentar la producción de huevos ecológicos respecto a la producción convencional. -¿Favorecer el desarrollo sostenible y el desarrollo local con sist...

Myofilament Calcium Sensitivity: Mechanistic Insight into TnI Ser-23/24 and Ser-150 Phosphorylation Integration

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Hussam E Salhi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Troponin I (TnI is a major regulator of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. During physiological and pathological stress, TnI is differentially phosphorylated at multiple residues through different signaling pathways to match cardiac function to demand. The combination of these TnI phosphorylations can exhibit an expected or unexpected functional integration, whereby the function of two phosphorylations are different than that predicted from the combined function of each individual phosphorylation alone. We have shown that TnI Ser-23/24 and Ser-150 phosphorylation exhibit functional integration and are simultaneously increased in response to cardiac stress. In the current study, we investigated the functional integration of TnI Ser-23/24 and Ser-150 to alter cardiac contraction. We hypothesized that Ser-23/24 and Ser-150 phosphorylation each utilize distinct molecular mechanisms to alter the TnI binding affinity within the thin filament. Mathematical modeling predicts that Ser-23/24 and Ser-150 phosphorylation affect different TnI affinities within the thin filament to distinctly alter the Ca2+-binding properties of troponin. Protein binding experiments validate this assertion by demonstrating pseudo-phosphorylated Ser-150 decreases the affinity of isolated TnI for actin, whereas Ser-23/24 pseudo-phosphorylation is not different from unphosphorylated. Thus, our data supports that TnI Ser-23/24 affects TnI-TnC binding, while Ser-150 phosphorylation alters TnI-actin binding. By measuring force development in troponin-exchanged skinned myocytes, we demonstrate that the Ca2+ sensitivity of force is directly related to the amount of phosphate present on TnI. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ser-150 pseudo-phosphorylation blunts Ser-23/24-mediated decreased Ca2+-sensitive force development whether on the same or different TnI molecule. Therefore, TnI phosphorylations can integrate across troponins along the myofilament. These data demonstrate

Estufas ecológicas ahorradoras de leña

OpenAIRE

Franco, Abelardo

2012-01-01

Unos de los proyectos emblemáticos que desarrolla la Sede Regional de Bocas del Toro, es el de la “Estufa Ecológica Ahorrativa de Leña”. Basada en el modelo Eco-Justa construido en Honduras, es la única estufa de este prototipo construida con ladrillos de arcilla y chimenea en la región. Este Proyecto lo desarrolla la Sede Regional de Bocas del Toro, a través del Ing. Abelardo Franco, docente en el área Ambiental, conjuntamente con la Cooperativa Bananera del Atlántico (COOBANA, R.L.) y el av...

De las áreas ecológicas significativas al Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de Montevideo

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Miguel Ángel Bartorila

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En ámbitos metropolitanos el medio natural y el medio artificial pugnan y compiten uno sobre otro. Sus desarrollos, aparentemente desconectados, tienen importantes puntos en común. El interés por abordar, en un mismo nivel, los procesos que conforman los ecosistemas naturales y el artefacto urbano nos abren el camino al estudio de los ecosistemas en la ciudad y al urbanismo de redes (Dupuy, 1998. Este artículo presenta los resultados parciales de una investigación (tesis doctoral que pretende señalar la importancia de la determinación de las denominadas areas ecológicas significativas en la práctica del urbanismo. A través del análisis de caso de la ciudad de Montevideo, Uruguay, se caracterizan detalles de los aspectos espaciales y temporales de los ecosistemas naturales en la ciudad, señalando la manera en que se reconocen y se integran en el planeamiento territorial. Existen instrumentos de análisis y estudios que colaboran en la determinación espacialmente compleja de la realidad natural de los territorios. Será por medio de la revisión de trabajos de otros autores como se busca conocer la manera como ha sido estudiado e interpretado el conocimiento e interrelación de los ecosistemas y la ciudad, lo que permitirá en consecuencia, obtener instrumentos urbanísticos para delimitar y revalorizar los ecosistemas naturales intra y periurbanos.

Densidade radicular de progênies de pupunheira em função de adubação NPK Root density of pejibaye progenies as a function of NPK fertilization

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Marilene L. A. Bovi

1999-11-01

Full Text Available O uso eficiente de fertilizantes requer o conhecimento de seus efeitos tanto na biomassa aérea quanto na radicular, permitindo que se identifique uma adubação adequada do ponto de vista de uma melhor partição entre ambas. A massa de raízes secas por volume de solo vem sendo utilizada, principalmente em espécies perenes, como subsídio para estimativas de biomassa radicular. Com esse objetivo, foram estudados os efeitos da adubação NPK na densidade radicular de três progênies de pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, cultivadas em um Aluvial álico (corrigido por meio de calagem em Ubatuba, SP (clima "Cfa", durante o ano de 1993. O delineamento foi um fatorial fracionado, composto por quatro doses crescentes de nitrogênio (0 a 400 kg/ha/ano de N, fósforo (0 a 200 kg/ha/ano de P2O5 e potássio (0 a 200 kg/ha/ano de K2O, em experimento integrado (progênies e adubação. As amostras foram coletadas por ocasião da primeira colheita de palmito (outubro de 1993, quando as plantas (cultivadas no espaçamento de 2 x 1 m tinham cerca de dois anos de campo. Utilizou-se o método do trado, coletando-se, por parcela experimental, duas amostras na linha e duas na entrelinha. Houve diferenças entre genótipos (GE, com as progênies 2 e 3 apresentando, em média, maior densidade radicular que a progênie 1 (5,15 e 6,20 contra 2,61 g/dm³, respectivamente. A interação GE x PO (posição da amostra foi significativa, sendo que para as progênies 1 e 2 a maior densidade radicular foi obtida na linha (3,30 e 6,60 g/dm³ na linha, contra 1,92 e 4,70 g/dm³ na entrelinha, respectivamente, enquanto para a 3 a ordem foi inversa (5,57 g/dm³ na linha e 6,84 g/dm³ na entrelinha. Doses crescentes de potássio (K apresentaram efeitos lineares positivos e significativos (R² =0,93 a 0,97 na densidade radicular das três progênies, com acréscimos entre dose mínima e máxima variando de 18 a 28%. Não houve efeito significativo isolado de P, enquanto doses

Toward practical SERS sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Yiping

2012-06-01

Since its discovery more than 30 years ago, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been recognized as a highly sensitive detection technique for chemical and biological sensing and medical diagnostics. However, the practical application of this remarkably sensitive technique has not been widely accepted as a viable diagnostic method due to the difficulty in preparing robust and reproducible substrates that provide maximum SERS enhancement. Here, we demonstrate that the aligned silver nanorod (AgNR) array substrates engineered by the oblique angle deposition method are capable of providing extremely high SERS enhancement factors (>108). The substrates are large area, uniform, reproducible, and compatible with general microfabrication process. The enhancement factor depends strongly on the length and shape of the Ag nanorods and the underlying substrate coating. By optimizing AgNR SERS substrates, we show that SERS is able to detect trace amount of toxins, virus, bacteria, or other chemical and biological molecules, and distinguish different viruses/bacteria and virus/bacteria strains. The substrate can be tailored into a multi-well chip for high throughput screening, integrated into fiber tip for portable sensing, incorporated into fluid/microfluidic devices for in situ real-time monitoring, fabricated onto a flexible substrate for tracking and identification, or used as on-chip separation device for ultra-thin layer chromatography and diagnostics. By combining the unique SERS substrates with a handheld Raman system, it can become a practical and portable sensor system for field applications. All these developments have demonstrated that AgNR SERS substrates could play an important role in the future for practical clinical, industrial, defense, and security sensing applications.

Percepción ecológica y calidad de vida. El caso de Santa María del Lago, Bogotá

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Leonardo Garavito González

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo propone que cuando aumenta la percepción de conectividad de los individuos de una población con su entorno también aumenta su capacidad de lograr bienestar personal y colectivo. La percepción de conexión con los elementos del entorno implica un proceso de reconocimiento de la responsabilidad que comparte cada ser humano con los otros seres humanos y no humanos en el mantenimiento de la vida. En este sentido, la habilidad de percibir ecológicamente se refiere al proceso de tomar conciencia respecto a los múltiples vínculos entre el individuo y su entorno, y las potencialidades y límites que éstos configuran. Mientras más conciencia posea un individuo sobre las múltiples formas de su conexión dinámica con el entorno, será mayor su capacidad para asumir la incertidumbre del entorno y, por lo tanto, actuar sobre su calidad de vida y la de otros seres. Esta hipótesis se contrastará con la información recogida de la población vecina al humedal de Santa María del Lago, en la localidad de Engativá en Bogotá. En este sentido se construirá una red de narraciones a partir de las interpretaciones individuales respecto a la conexión entre la propia calidad de vida y las formas de vivir de otros seres humanos, no humanos y el ecosistema del humedal. No obstante que los resultados finales se encuentran en proceso, en este artículo se enfatiza en la propuesta metodológica.

Ciudadanía ecológica

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Dobson, Andrew

2005-06-01

de los otros dos tipos de ciudadanía. Este artículo explora el modo en que la ciudadanía ecológica completa la arquitectura general de la ciudadanía, antes de perfilar la importancia de la ciudadanía ecológica para el objetivo de lograr el desarrollo sostenible.

Non-preference of the red mite Oligonychus yothersi McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae for oviposition on leaves of Paraguay tea progenies (Ilex paraguariensis/ Não-preferência do ácaro-vermelho, Oligonychus yothersi McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae, para oviposição em folhas de progênies de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis

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José Djair Vendramim

2007-10-01

Full Text Available The oviposition preference of the red mite Oligonychus yothersi McGregor was evaluated under laboratory in 52 Paraguay tea progenies and one control collected in a local farm. The experiments were conducted on Paraguay tea leaf discs infested with one adult female mite/disc, incubated in a climate chamber (25±1ºC, 14h photophase for five days. Evaluations were performed daily, by counting the number of eggs laid in the period, the number of female escapes in the first 48 hours, as well as the number of eggs laid before the escaping. It was verified that discrimination by the mite occurred on two groups of progenies, in relation to the number of eggs: one group was different from the control (53.8% of the progenies and the other was identical to it (46.2% of the progenies. In the first group, 60.7% of progenies were less oviposited while a higher number of eggs/female than the control was verified in 39.3% of them. In 57.7% of progenies there was escape of some mites (10 to 40%, and in 10 of these progenies no eggs were laid. The data provide evidences that in some of the progenies evaluated there is resistance by non-preference to oviposition of the Paraguay tea red mite.A preferência para oviposição do ácaro-vermelho, Oligonychus yothersi McGregor, foi avaliada em condições de laboratório em 52 progênies de erva-mate e uma testemunha coletada em uma propriedade da região. Os experimentos foram realizados em discos foliares de erva-mate (2 cm de diâmetro, infestados com uma fêmea adulta do ácaro, e incubados a 25±1ºC e 14h de fotofase, durante cinco dias. As avaliações foram realizadas diariamente, contando-se o número de ovos depositados no período, número de fêmeas que fugiram nas primeiras 48 horas e número de ovos depositados antes da fuga. Verificou-se que houve discriminação do ácaro em dois grupos de progênies, em relação ao número de ovos, um que diferiu em relação à testemunha (53,8% de progênies e

Criatividade em ação: ser criativo é ser criança

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Antonio Mendes Silva Filho

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Todo ser humano é criativo e isso decorre da capacidade de imaginação. Essa capacidade é acentuada quando você tem a possibilidade de explorar e a curiosidade aguçada. Não exemplo melhor do que uma criança. Ser criativo é ser criança. Esta capacidade alcança o ápice quando se busca criar como criança fazendo uso de sagacidade, persistência, desorganização e com a possibilidade de errar. Isso é explorar e experimentar, deixando o cérebro livre e sem pressão, agindo despreocupadamente em determinado período de tempo. Nesse sentido, este artigo explora a importancia dar oportunidade do ser humano explorar sua capacidade de criar via imaginação

Floristic composition and growth of weeds under custard apple (Annona squamosa progenies Composição florística e crescimento de plantas daninhas sob a copa de progênies de fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa

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P.S.L. Silva

2004-12-01

ção ambiental. Dentre esses métodos, a adoção de cultivares com maior habilidade competitiva com as PD tem despertado atenção internacional. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a composição florística e o crescimento de PD sob a copa de progênies de pinheira irrigadas. Vinte progênies de meias-irmãs, com idade aproximada de três anos, foram avaliadas no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. Ao redor do caule de cada planta estabeleceu-se um círculo com área de 0,5 m². Nessa área, foram avaliadas a composição e as massas das matérias fresca e seca da parte aérea das PD. Avaliaram-se também os diâmetros do colo e da copa e a área da folha das progênies. Ocorreram 58 espécies de PD. As famílias com maior número de espécies, em ordem decrescente, foram Leguminosae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae e Sterculiaceae. O número de espécies de PD/parcela variou de 6 a 18, porém não houve diferença entre a porcentagem média de diferentes PD sob a copa das progênies. As menores massas de matérias fresca e seca de PD ocorreram nas progênies JG1 e SM8, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças entre progênies quanto a diâmetro do colo e área foliar, mas sob a copa da progênie FE4, que apresentou o maior diâmetro da copa, observou-se um dos menores rendimentos de matéria seca de PD.

O apelo ecológico na propaganda como fator de influência na atitude de compra do consumidor: um estudo experimental

OpenAIRE

Santos, João Maurício

2010-01-01

Este estudo examinou o apelo ecológico utilizado na propaganda como influenciador na atitude de compra do consumidor, tendo em vista que nas duas últimas décadas houve um crescimento nos anúncios que utilizam este tipo de apelo, demonstrando que, pelo surgimento de um novo nicho de mercado, empresas têm se valido do marketing verde e da influência normativa na sua estratégia de marketing. Buscou-se investigar se efetivamente o uso do apelo ecológico na propaganda influencia pos...

Reflexões sobre o paradigma da economia ecológica para a gestão ambiental

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Maurício Fuks

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo ressalta a ausência de conhecimento sobre a economia ecológica por parte do crescente número de profissionais formados em Gestão Ambiental. O autor realiza uma síntese dos princípios e fundamentos da economia ecológica, especialmente por meio das ideias de dois dos seus principais pensadores (Georgescu-Röegen e Boulding e indica porque conhecer as ideias principais dessa escola de pensamento é fundamental para profissionais de Gestão Ambiental. Argumenta-se que esses profissionais não podem prescindir da economia ecológica, sob pena de caírem na ilusão do mito da hipótese win-win e terem uma visão incompleta das dificuldades de estabelecermos uma sociedade sustentável.his study draws attention to lack of knowledge regarding Ecological Economics amongst the growing number of professionals graduating in the field of Environmental Management. The author offers a synthesis of the main principles of Ecological Economics, with particular focus on two of its main thinkers (N. Georgescu-Röegen e K. E. Boulding and indicates why such knowledge is of fundamental importance for Environmental Management. The paper argues that environmental managers cannot ignore Ecological Economics; else they may fall prey to the myth of the win-win hypothesis and thus have an incomplete perception of the difficulties involved in establishing a sustainable society.

Espécies de Melastomataceae Juss. com potencial para restauração ecológica de mata ripária no cerrado

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Lidiamar Albuquerque

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Melastomataceae Juss. é a sexta família em importância no bioma Cerrado, sendo comuns em vegetação secundária. As espé-cies desta família apresentam estratégias de vida e adaptações como grande produção de sementes, dispersão efi ciente de propágulos, altas taxas de germinação e crescimento rápido que podem propiciar a ativação dos processos ecológicos envolvidos na rege-neração natural de habitats perturbados. O objetivo foi caracterizar as espécies de Melastomataceae em vegetação secundária e avaliar seu potencial para uso na restauração ecológica de áreas degradadas de matas ripárias. Este estudo foi realizado na área experimental da Embrapa Cerrados, à margem direita do córrego Sarandi, Distrito Federal, Brasil, em uma área de um hectare, onde foram instadas parcelas e transectos para avaliação dos parâmetros: caracterís-ticas botânicas, ecológicas e reprodutivas, síndromes de polinização e de dispersão de sementes, reprodução vegetativa, riqueza de espécies, abundância, cobertura, fenofases de floração e frutificação. A partir da análise destes parâmetros definiuse os critérios para avaliar o potencial de uso das espécies na restauração ecológica. Entre as 14 espécies da família de Melastomataceae registradas,Miconia chamissoisNaud. (35.42% e 42.53%,Ossaea congestiflora(Naud. Cong. (23.6% e 13.29%,Macairea radulaDC (19.66% e 17.22% eTococa formicariaMart. (6.78% e 3.87% apresentaram maior abundância e cobertura, respectivamente. As espécies estudadas apresentaram, em sua maioria, grande oferta de recursos ali-mentares ao longo do ano, que, associadas a outras características permitiram identifi car o potencial de restaurabilidade de cada espécie avaliada. O potencial para uso na res-tauração ecológica foi alto para as espécies:Miconia chamissois,Miconia ibaguensis,Miconia albicans,Miconia theaezanse Tococa formicaria. Estas espécies podem atuar como nucleadoras

ALUMNO: VARGAS DIEGO, Estimación de la huella ecológica del minifundio en la vereda Pasquilla, Bogotá, Colombia

OpenAIRE

VALERO VARGAS, RAFAEL ERNESTO; BELTRÁN VARGAS, JULIO EDUARDO

2016-01-01

En la actualidad el país no cuenta con un instrumento de gestión ambiental que permita estimar la huella ecológica provocada por las actividades agropecuarias de los minifundios, lo que restringe la formulación de políticas públicas locales de desarrollo agropecuario. En 2014, se midió la huella ecológica de 27 minifundios en la vereda Pasquilla de Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia. La información provino de los productores y fue complementada con revisiones secundarias de las pub...

Láser en ortodoncia

OpenAIRE

Ruíz-Esculpi, María; Ricse-Chaupis, Estela; Villanueva-Vega, Judith; Torres-Maita, Liz

2014-01-01

La primera aplicación del láser en un diente fue realizada en 1965. Desde entonces ha presentado una constante evolución y desarrollo. La tecnología láser permite realizar procedimientos en tejidos duros y blandos, pudiendo ser utilizado con las siguientes finalidades: como prevención de la desmineralización, en la adhesión y remoción de brackets, en la reducción del dolor producto del movimiento dental, en la reparación ósea después de la expansión, en diversas cirugías y otras aplicaciones ...

SERS detection of biomolecules using lithographed nanoparticles towards a reproducible SERS biosensor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

David, Catalina; Guillot, Nicolas; Chapelle, Marc Lamy de la [Laboratoire CSPBAT (FRE 3043), UFR SMBH, Universite Paris XIII, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny (France); Shen, Hong; Toury, Timothee, E-mail: marc.lamydelachapelle@univ-paris13.fr [ICD-LNIO-UMR, CNRS 6279, Universite de technologie de Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, F-10010 Troyes (France)

2010-11-26

In this paper we highlight the accurate spectral detection of bovine serum albumin and ribonuclease-A using a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based on gold nanocylinders obtained by electron-beam lithography (EBL). The nanocylinders have diameters from 100 to 180 nm with a gap of 200 nm. We demonstrate that optimizing the size and the shape of the lithographed gold nanocylinders, we can obtain SERS spectra of proteins at low concentration. This SERS study enabled us to estimate high enhancement factors (10{sup 5} for BSA and 10{sup 7} for RNase-A) of important bands in the protein Raman spectrum measured for 1 mM concentration. We demonstrate that, to reach the highest enhancement, it is necessary to optimize the SERS signal and that the main parameter of optimization is the LSPR position. The LSPR have to be suitably located between the laser excitation wavelength, which is 632.8 nm, and the position of the considered Raman band. Our study underlines the efficiency of gold nanocylinder arrays in the spectral detection of proteins.

A Percepção dos Consumidores Quanto às Características Ecológicas: Análise de Viabilidade Baseada no Modelo Bertolini para Água Mineral

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Raquel Adriana Gafuri

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A conscientização quanto às questões ambientais tem influenciado a decisão de compra e os padrões de consumo que podem indicar a disposição em adquirir um produto com características ecológicas. Este estudo de caso pretende averiguar se investimentos em características ecológicas seriam capazes de trazer retornos financeiros positivos para uma indústria de água mineral de 510 ml. Para tal verificação as análises são feitas com base no modelo proposto por Bertolini (2009, que consistiu em identificar as características ecológicas mais percebidas pelos consumidores, avaliar a disponibilidade em adquirir o produto com tais características, analisar a viabilidade econômica do projeto, além de realizar cruzamentos entre as variáveis. Apurou-se que o fator preço ainda se sobrepõe à conscientização ecológica, e que o consumidor está disposto a pagar o mesmo preço tanto para produto ecológico, quanto para produto convencional. Mesmo diante dessas condições, pode-se dizer que a utilização da ferramenta de análise foi capaz de apontar viabilidade para investimentos em características ecológicas para o produto água mineral de 510 ml.

Dimensiones ecológicas de la familia: La situación social de los niños

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Réjean Tessier

1994-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo trata de la situación social de las familias y los niños. El autor usa el paradigma ecológico que intenta comprender el comportamiento como la resultante de un intercambio mutuo y recíproco entre el organismo y el medio. Partiendo de datos estadísticos de la OMS y UNICEF trata de demostrar las consecuencias posibles de ciertas situaciones sociales y del contexto demográfico sobre las oportunidades de desarrollo de los niños. Se destaca la importancia de los diferentes niveles de las dimensiones ecológicas de la familia y se alerta sobre los efectos nocivos que tienen en los niños la pobreza extrema y las condiciones familiares de gran adversidad.

Estimative of genetic parameters in progeny test of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis Barret & Golfari by quantitative traits and microsatellite markers Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos em teste de progênies de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis por caracteres quantitativos e marcadores microssatélites

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Evandro Vagner Tambarussi

2010-01-01

ós o plantio foram mensurados os caracteres altura total, DAP e volume das árvores. A estimativa dos coeficientes de parentesco dentro das progênies foi calculada por locos microssatélites os quais revelaram que as famílias são de meio-irmãos (^r xy = 0.253. Assim, a variância genética aditiva (σ2A pode ser estimada, assumindo que a variância genética entre progênies (σ2p estima ¼ da variância genética aditiva (^σ2A = 4^σ2p. As estimativas do coeficiente de herdabilidade em nível de planta (h i² foram relativamente elevadas (0,28 para DAP e 0,44 para altura. A herdabilidade em nível de média de famílias (h m² foi também elevada variando entre os caracteres de 0,50, a 0,58. Estes resultados sugerem que a população pode ser melhorada por seleção massal e seleção entre famílias. Adicionalmente, as estimativas dos ganhos genéticos com seleção entre e dentro famílias foram elevados (variando de 8,92% para altura a 37,56% para volume, demonstrando que este esquema de seleção pode trazer grande progresso genético.

Microfluidic setup for on-line SERS monitoring using laser induced nanoparticle spots as SERS active substrate

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Oana-M. Buja

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A microfluidic setup which enables on-line monitoring of residues of malachite green (MG using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS is reported. The SERS active substrate was prepared via laser induced synthesis of silver or gold nanoparticles spot on the bottom of a 200 μm inner dimension glass capillary, by focusing the laser beam during a continuous flow of a mixture of silver nitrate or gold chloride and sodium citrate. The described microfluidic setup enables within a few minutes the monitoring of several processes: the synthesis of the SERS active spot, MG adsorption to the metal surface, detection of the analyte when saturation of the SERS signal is reached, and finally, the desorption of MG from the spot. Moreover, after MG complete desorption, the regeneration of the SERS active spot was achieved. The detection of MG was possible down to 10−7 M concentration with a good reproducibility when using silver or gold spots as SERS substrate.

Melhoramento do cafeeiro: XXXVIII. Observações sobre progênies do cultivar Mundo-Novo de Coffea arabica na estação experimental de Mococa Coffee breeding: XXXVIII-observation on progenies of the Mundo-Novo cultivars of Coffea arabica in the Mococa experimental station

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Túlio R. Rocha

1980-01-01

Full Text Available Os dados analisados no experimento localizado em Mococa sobre a produtividade de 112 progênies dos cultivares Mundo-Novo S1 e S2, Bourbon-Amarelo, BourbonVermelho e Caturra-Vermelho de Coffea arabica no período de 1955 a 1971, indicaram que as de Mundo-Novo S1, de prefixos MP 474, MP 502, MP 469, MP 492 e MP 475, revelaram-se como as mais produtivas, assemelhando-se a algumas progênies 'Mundo--Novo' S2. Dentre estas, destacou-se a de prefixo MP 388-6, que atingiu o nível mais elevado de produção do experimento. As progênies de 'Mundo-Novo', em conjunto, produziram 44% a mais do que as de Bourbon-Amarelo e, estas, 60% a mais do que as de Bourbon-Vermelho e Caturra-Vermelho. A altura e o diâmetro da copa atingiram valores médios mais elevados para as progênies de 'Mundo-Novo'. Verificaram-se correlações positivas e altamente significativas entre altura média da planta e diâmetro médio da copa com a produção das progênies. As progênies mais produtivas revelaram rendimento (relação entre peso de café maduro e beneficiado de aproximadamente 6,0 e porcentagem de sementes normais, do tipo chato, acima de 80. Quanto ao tamanho das sementes do tipo chato, duas progênies 'Mundo-Novo' S1, MP 474 e MP 452, apresentaram peneira média maior, permi-tindo seleção de plantas com essa característica e com elevada produção.Coffee progenies of the Mundo-Novo cultivars of Coffea arabica were studied in an experiment located at the Mococa Experimental Station of the Instituto Agronômico in comparison with Bourbon-Amarelo, Bourbon-Vermelho and Caturra-Vermelho cultivars of the same species. During a period of 17 consecutive cropping years (1955-1971, Mundo-Novo yielded approximately 44% more than Bourbon-Amarelo and this cultivars yielded 60% more than Bourbon-Vermelho and Caturra-Vermelho. Among the 89 S1 'Mundo-Novo' progenies, MP 474, MP 502, MP 469, MP 492 and MP 475 yielded as much as the two best 'Mundo-Novo' S2 progenies. Greater

Sustentabilidade Ecológica do Espeleoturismo na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul

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Heros Santos Lobo

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo apresenta uma análise da estrutura e produção do espeleoturismo na Serra da Bodoquena, sob o enfoque do ideário de ecoturismo e da sustentabilidade ecológica. A metodologia de pesquisa incluiu levantamentos documentais e de campo em cavidades naturais turísticas. As discussões apresentam aspectos técnico-metodológicos como caminhos viáveis para um espeleoturismo com princípios ecológicos e conservacionistas. Conclui-se que o espeleoturismo pode se firmar não somente como um segmento, mas também como uma nova forma de se fazer o turismo na Serra da Bodoquena. Para tanto, deve identificar novas possibilidades de procedimentos de gestão e manejo ambiental que possam ir além dos paradigmas e modelos vigentes. Palavras-chave: ecoturismo; espeleoturismo; gestão ambiental; Bonito-MS. Abstract This article presents the results of an analysis of the structure and production of speleotourism at Serra da Bodoquena, based on the precepts of ecotourism and ecological sustainability. The methodology included a survey of documents and fieldwork in natural cavities exploited for tourism. The discussion presents a technical-methodological approach for a speleotourism based on ecology and conservation. The study concludes that speleotourism can be established, not only as a specific market segment, but also as a new kind of tourism in the Serra da Bodoquena. Hence new opportunities for environmental management and control of impacts that may exist beyond the paradigms and current models should be identified. Keywords: ecotourism; speleotourism; environmental management; Bonito-MS. Resumen El presente artículo muestra un análisis de la estructura y producción del espeleoturismo en la Serra da Bodoquena, desde el enfoque de la ideología de ecoturismo y de la sostenibilidad ecológica. La metodología de investigación incluyó investigación documental y de campo en cuevas naturales turísticas. Las

Bioma cerrado, fragmentação florestal e relações ecológicas com a avifauna

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Bruno Senna Corrêa

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O Bioma Cerrado ocupa grande parte do Brasil central. Destaca-se por apresentar formações savânicas e grande diversidade de aves. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo levantar informações teóricas sobre alguns aspectos ecológicos envolvendo a fragmentação no Bioma Cerrado associada à distribuição de aves. O processo de fragmentação observado nas formações florestais do Cerrado gerou uma série de distúrbios que afetou a distribuição, estabelecimento e comportamento das aves silvestres. A fragmentação influencia diretamente na distribuição dos diversos grupos de aves. Os grupos generalistas, conseguem se deslocar pela matriz antropizada. Já os grupos dependentes de ambientes florestais, dependem de atributos mais complexos de recursos alimentares e condições especiais, para que seu deslocamento seja viabilizado. Por outro lado, a configuração da paisagem, sua estrutura espacial e os graus de conectividade, podem servir como estratégias para propiciar o deslocamento de alguns grupos, dispersores de sementes. Observa-se dessa forma a importância e relevância da presença de corredores ecológicos na conexão de fragmentos, como estratégias essenciais para manutenção do fluxo gênico, da dinâmica ecológica e da manutenção de remanescentes florestais.

A Practical Approach for Studying Fouling Process in Li-Recovery Pilot Plant

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, M.; Yoon, H.; Eom, C.; Kim, B.; Chung, K.

2011-12-01

. Prog. Org. Coat. 50, (2004) p.75-104. [2] M. D. Richnomd, R. Seed. Biofoul. 3, (1991) p.151-168. [3] S. R. Rodriguez, F. P. Ojeda, and N. C. Inestrosa. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 97, (1993) p.193-207.

Stabilization of alanine substituted p53 protein at Ser15, Thr18, and Ser20 in response to ionizing radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamauchi, Motohiro; Suzuki, Keiji; Kodama, Seiji; Watanabe, Masami

2004-01-01

Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15, Thr18, and Ser20 has been thought to be important for p53 stabilization in response to ionizing radiation. In the present study, we examined the X-ray-induced stabilization of Ala-substituted p53 protein at Ser15, Thr18, and Ser20, whose gene expression was controlled under an ecdyson-inducible promoter. We found that all single-, double-, or triple-Ala-substituted p53 at Ser15, Yhr18, and Ser20 were accumulated in the nucleus similarly to wild-type p53 after X-irradiation. These results indicate that the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15, Thr18, and Ser20 is not necessarily needed for p53 stabilization in response to ionizing radiation

From "Ecoles Superieures de Commerce" to "Management Schools": Transformations and Continuity in French Business Schools

Science.gov (United States)

Blanchard, Marianne

2009-01-01

Part of the national system of grandes Ecoles, French Business schools have known radical changes since the 1980s, notably in size, and have become more attractive to students both at a national and an international level. As a consequence, the French elitist system has been questioned by the competition of foreign--especially Anglo-Saxon--models.…

SERS-Active Nanoinjector for Intracellular Spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Vitol, Elina; Orynbayeva, Zulfiya; Bouchard, Michael; Azizkhan-Clifford, Jane; Friedman, Gary; Gogotsi, Yury

2009-03-01

We developed a multifunctional nanopipette which allows simultaneous cell injection and intacellular surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis. SERS spectra contain the characteristic frequencies of molecular bond vibrations. This is a unique method for studying cell biochemistry and physiology on a single organelle level. Unlike the fluorescence spectroscopy, it does not require any specific staining. The principle of SERS is based on very large electromagnetic field enhancement localized around a nano-rough metallic surface. Gold colloids are widely used SERS substrates. Previously, the colloidal nanoparticles were introduced into a cell by the mechanism of endocytosis. The disadvantage of this method is the uncontrollable aggregation and distribution of gold nanoparticles inside a cell which causes a significant uncertainty in the origin of the acquired data. At the same time, the nanoparticle uptake is irreversible. We present a SERS-active nanoinjector, coated with gold nanoparticles, which enables selective signal acquisition from any point-of-interest inside a cell. The nanoinjector provides a highly localized SERS signal with sub-nanometer resolution in real time.

Leucipo, Demócrito e Kant: uma Reflexão sobre a Equivalência entre Ser e Não-Ser

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Eberth Eleuterio dos Santos

2015-08-01

Full Text Available De início, apresentaremos a tese de Demócrito e Leucipo, segundo a qual o ser não é mais que o não-ser, tendo como contraponto o pensamento eleata acerca da inexistência necessária do não-ser. Esta discussão nos remete à oposição entre o pleno (cheio e o vazio que será posteriormente traduzida na oposição entre o ser e o nada (ou o não-ser. Desse modo, a oposição entre o pleno e o vazio é uma oposição que se desloca para o ser e o não-ser. Em seguida, faremos a apreciação do escrito pré-crítico kantiano Ensaio para introduzir em filosofia o conceito de grandeza negativa, no qual distinguimos certo tipo de oposição tomada entre grandezas em geral que, acreditamos, poderia ser interpretado como estando de acordo com o posicionamento de Demócrito e Leucipo sobre o estatuto ontológico do não-ser como princípio equivalente ao ser, e não como sua contradição em sentido puramente lógico.

Anfibios de un bosque seco tropical: Reserva Ecológica Arenillas, Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Szekely, József Paul

2016-01-01

Arenillas Ecological Reserve (Reserva Ecológica Arenillas - REA) is located in southwestern Ecuador, close to the Peruvian border, and belongs to the Tumbesian Endemism Region and is one of the last remnants of tropical dry forests at altitudes below 100 m a.s.l. Climate is characterized by a rainy season extending from January to May and a dry season extending from June to December. Few studies on the amphibians from the reserve have been made so far. Over a period of twelve months, from 201...

Plan de empresa para una granja de gallinas ecológicas

OpenAIRE

Martínez Cañada, Alberto

2014-01-01

Este TFG surge como respuesta a los principales problemas del medio rural: despoblación, envejecimiento poblacional y estancamiento de la economía rural. Así se propone una actividad respetuosa con el medio ambiente, generadora de empleo y revitalizante para el municipio donde se instalará la explotación: la avicultura ecológica de puesta.El estudio se estructura en 4 capítulos; el 1º se centra en el estudio del medio rural, el 2ºes un análisis tecnológico de la explotación, el 3º un análisis...

Uma tentativa de caracterização da economia ecológica Outlines for a definition of ecological economics

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Clóvis Cavalcanti

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Partindo do reconhecimento de que toda atividade humana incide no ecossistema quer pelo lado da extração de recursos, quer pelo do lançamento de dejetos sob a forma de matéria ou energia degradada, o processo econômico - que opera dentro de um subsistema aberto envolvido pelo ecossistema global - tem que respeitar limites. Daí, a noção de desenvolvimento sustentável. Na perspectiva da sustentabilidade, o tipo de processo econômico que importa é aquele que produz bens e serviços considerando simultaneamente todos os custos (ou males que lhes são inevitavelmente associados. Esta é a tarefa para um modelo de desenvolvimento novo, e também para uma ciência da economia de fundamentos ecológicos. É aqui que se insere a economia ecológica, com a qual se introduz uma mudança fundamental na percepção dos problemas de alocação de recursos e de como eles devem ser tratados, do mesmo modo que uma revisão da dinâmica do crescimento econômico. Visa-se com o empreendimento obter a unificação sobre bases biofísicas dos sistemas ecológicos e econômicos como categorias interdependentes e coevolutivas. Não se trata de propor uma nova ciência, e sim uma empreitada (ou cometimento entre cientistas naturais e sociais, junto com os atores envolvidos em ações concretas de promoção do desenvolvimento, para chegar-se a novo entendimento da realidade humana, tirando dele lições para fins de análise e política. Chega-se assim a uma verdadeira economia política da ecologia.Considering that all human activity interacts with the environment either by extracting resources or by discarding trash under the form of degraded matter and energy, the economic process - which operates within an open subsystem contained by the global ecosystem - has to observe limits. Hence, the notion of sustainable development. In the perspective of sustainability, the kind of economic process which matters is that which produces goods and services taking

Ecological paradigm of legionella: a revision. New strategy and its implication in public health Revisión del paradigma ecológico de la 'legionella'. Estrategia ecológica y su implicación en salud pública

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José Bernardo Ferrer Simó

2008-12-01

fundamental, in order to find block substances .Regarding the relation with the biofilm (authentic critical point of the system its elimination or decrease to minimal levels by the utilization of specific materials, the design of devices or systems of easy cleanliness (curved corners, accessible spaces, suitable maintenance of the facilities (inlays, corroded surfaces, etc. with frequent (physics cleanliness and the continuously utilization of substances against the film are necessary.Algunos aspectos difícilmente explicados por el modelo ecológico descrito por Rowbothan en 1980, como son: la dosis infecciosa anormalmente baja, las largas distancias en las cuales la bacteria permanece viable en el seno del aerosol difundido, la dificultad de crecimiento en los medios de cultivo estándar, la poca eficacia de los desinfectantes antilegionela en el control de los brotes, la reinfección o sencillamente la ausencia de transmisión persona-persona, son analizados bajo el prisma de la microbiología ecológica. Centrados en la relación bacteria-protozoo, diversos estudios sugieren que la amplificación o crecimiento bacteriano podría tener lugar en dos fases o etapas, funcionalmente distintas, según la proporción o ratio bacteria-ameba (MOI- multiplicity of infection. En una primera fase de crecimiento rápido, en la que esta relación es sustancialmente baja, la entrada de una bacteria de legionela en la ameba originaría una única vacuola, que tras la lisis amebiana, liberaría al medio formas libres infectantes para otras amebas. La segunda etapa, de diseminación o colonización de otros nichos ecológicos, con relaciones MOI altas, se producen varias vesículas de crecimiento en el interior de la ameba que serían expulsadas por la misma sin necesidad de lisar. El enquistamiento de la ameba en esta fase, se produce tras la liberación masiva al medio de las vesículas que hubiera en el interior. Algunos autores sugieren que estas vesículas por sus características de

Comprender la realidad sin representaciones: Affordances y psicología ecológica

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Manuel Heras Escribano

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Frente al paradigma tradicional en ciencia cognitiva, donde la metáfora del ordenador es la imperante, la psicología ecológica se ofrece como la alternativa más potente en el futuro desarrollo de las investigaciones sobre el fenómeno de la cognición. Dentro de ella, la noción de affordance juega un papel fundamental, aunque el concepto no está exento de polémica.

ECOLE DE RUGBY DE CERN / MEYRIN / ST-GENIS

CERN Multimedia

RUGBY CLUB

2010-01-01

La période de rentrée des classes coïncide également avec la reprise des activités sportives de nos enfants. L’Ecole de Rugby du CMSG Rugby Club, une des plus grandes de Suisse avec près d’une de licenciés de 6 à 18 ans, profite de cette période pour vous informer sur la réelle alternative que représente le Rugby. Pourquoi le rugby pour mon enfant ? Parce qu’il contribue à l’épanouissement harmonieux des enfants et des jeunes, ainsi qu’à la formation de leur personnalité. C’est même le ‘Sport Collectif par Excellence’ selon le Manuel des Castor Juniors ! Le rugby est un sport complet qui sollicite et développe les capacités motrices, intellectuelles, sociales et affectives de celui qui l’exerce. Le rugby...

QUE É O "SER DA FAMÍLIA"?

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Josefa Aida Delgado

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Es un estudio basado en la filosofía fenomenológica heideggeriana, su propósito es desvelar los elementos estructurales de la existencia del "ser de la familia". El camino metodológico fue construido con base en el pensamiento de Heidegger. Los datos de la familia fueron recolectados por medio de las entrevistas y las observaciones. Cada uno de nosotros contribuye para su existencia, y ella posibilita el desarrollo de nuestro "ser-en el-mundo" al vivenciar y compartir experiencias cotidianas de la familia. Allí surge la posibilidad de compartir un modo de ser en el mundo, un modo de cuidado para "ser familia en el mundo". Un mundo que genera esa unidad de relacionamiento que emerge de sentimientos interligados entre los integrantes, respondiendo a las exigencias de cada miembro, por el sentimiento de pertenencia primaria generado en ellos. Esa unidad da la posibilidad de nacer a cada uno de nosotros, asi también, nos da la posibilidad de poder ser ser humano, llegando a ser un referencial de sí misma en cada ser humano.

TIPNIS y Amazonia: Contradicciones en la agenda ecológica de Bolivia

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Ricardo Calla Ortega

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract:The ecological agenda of the government of Evo Morales shows great contradictions. In international meetings it presents itself as the radical defender of the environmental rights of the Latin American peoples. In its own country, it pursues developmentalist policies which are based on the extraction of natural resources. This policy is causing large conflicts within the country. The most striking has been over the construction of a highway through the national park of TIPNIS. The contradiction between its in-ternational position and internal policies, which are far less green, is causing severe damage to the credibility of the Morales government, within and outside the country.Resumen:La agenda ecológica del gobierno de Evo Morales demuestra grandes contradicciones. En los encuentros internacionales se presen-ta como un defensor radical de los derechos ecológicos de los pueblos latinoamericanos. En su propio país está persiguiendo un pro-yecto desarrollista basado en la extracción de recursos nacionales. Esta política está causando grandes conflictos dentro del país. La más llamativa ha sido sobre la construc-ción de una autopista por el parque nacional del TIPNIS. La contradicción entre su pos-tura internacional y una política mucho me-nos verde al interior está dañando aguda-mente la credibilidad del gobierno de Mora-les dentro y fuera del país.

Trilha ecológica do Cavalo-Marinho: Ecoturismo em Barra Grande/PI

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Andrea Geisa Pereira Barbosa

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Na comunidade Barra Grande, localidade do município de Cajueiro da Praia - PI existe uma trilha ecológica muito bem planejada pelos moradores locais da própria comunidade: A Trilha do Cavalo - Marinho. Essa trilha consiste em um passeio ecológico, onde se trabalham comutantemente o turismo, a sustentabilidade e a educação ambiental.  A área de estudo - a localidade Barra Grande - pertence à Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA do Delta do Parnaíba (APA do Delta do Parnaíba, que visa proteger os ecossistemas costeiros, localizados nos estados do Maranhão, Piauí e Ceará. A referente pesquisa tem como principal objetivo inter-relacionar o termo ecoturismo, educação ambiental, sustentabilidade, e a trilha do cavalo marinho, realizado na pequena localidade do Piauí, Barra Grande. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho em estudo foi pesquisa bibliográfica: constituída de um conjunto de obras escritas referente ao turismo, desenvolvimento sustentável, desenvolvimento local sustentável, meio ambiente e educação ambiental e pesquisa de campo não participativa: realizada para obtenção das informações sobre a situação da área de estudo e analisar os aspectos trabalhados pelos moradores tanto na questão de educação ambiental como da sustentabilidade.

Stamping SERS for creatinine sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Ming; Du, Yong; Zhao, Fusheng; Zeng, Jianbo; Santos, Greggy M.; Mohan, Chandra; Shih, Wei-Chuan

2015-03-01

Urine can be obtained easily, readily and non-invasively. The analysis of urine can provide metabolic information of the body and the condition of renal function. Creatinine is one of the major components of human urine associated with muscle metabolism. Since the content of creatinine excreted into urine is relatively constant, it is used as an internal standard to normalize water variations. Moreover, the detection of creatinine concentration in urine is important for the renal clearance test, which can monitor the filtration function of kidney and health status. In more details, kidney failure can be imminent when the creatinine concentration in urine is high. A simple device and protocol for creatinine sensing in urine samples can be valuable for point-of-care applications. We reported quantitative analysis of creatinine in urine samples by using stamping surface enhanced Raman scattering (S-SERS) technique with nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) based SERS substrate. S-SERS technique enables label-free and multiplexed molecular sensing under dry condition, while NPGD provides a robust, controllable, and high-sensitivity SERS substrate. The performance of S-SERS with NGPDs is evaluated by the detection and quantification of pure creatinine and creatinine in artificial urine within physiologically relevant concentration ranges.

Análise de risco ecológico na Lagoa da Vela

OpenAIRE

Abrantes, Nelson José Cabaços

2007-01-01

A Análise de Risco Ecológico (ARE) é um processo sistemático de avaliação da probabilidade de efeitos adversos ocorrerem em resultado da exposição a um ou mais agentes de stress ambiental. No contexto da tomada de decisão relativa aos problemas ambientais, a ARE tem-se mostrado como uma ferramenta fundamental e eficaz, sendo cada vez mais utilizada nos países desenvolvidos. Contudo, em Portugal, o seu uso continua muito limitado e incipiente. A Lagoa da Vela, localizada n...

Quantitative genetic analysis of methylxanthines and phenolic compounds in mate progenies Análise genética quantitativa de metilxantinas e compostos fenólicos em progênies de erva-mate

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Euclides Lara Cardozo Junior

2010-02-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to determine the contents of methylxanthines, caffeine and theobromine, and phenolic compounds, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, in 51 mate progenies (half-sib families and estimate the heritability of genetic parameters. Mate progenies were from five Brazilian municipalities: Pinhão, Ivaí, Barão de Cotegipe, Quedas do Iguaçu, and Cascavel. The progenies were grown in the Ivaí locality. The contents of the compounds were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC. The estimation of genetic parameters by the restricted maximum likelihood (REML and the prediction of genotypic values via best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP were obtained by the Selegen - REML/BLUP software. Caffeine (0.248-1.663% and theobromine (0.106-0.807% contents were significantly different (p0.5. The two different progeny groups determined for chlorogenic (1.365-2.281% and caffeic (0.027-0.037% acid contents were not significantly different (pO objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o teor de metilxantinas, cafeína e teobromina, e de compostos fenólicos, ácido clorogênico e ácido cafeico, em 51 progênies de erva-mate e estimar componentes de variância e herdabilidade. As progênies de erva-mate eram oriundas de cinco municipios brasileiros: Pinhão, Ivaí, Barão do Cotegipe, Quedas do Iguaçu e Cascavel. Essas progênies foram cultivadas na localidade de Ivaí. O conteúdo dos compostos foi obtido por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE. Na estimativa dos componentes da variância e dos parâmetros genotípicos, utilizou-se a metodologia de modelos mistos para a obtenção da melhor predição linear não viciada (BLUP dos efeitos genotípicos e o processo da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML, processados pelo programa Selegen - REML/BLUP. Os conteúdos de cafeína (0,248-1,663 % e teobromina (0,106-0.807% foram significativamente (p0,5. Foram determinados dois diferentes grupos de progênie para �

Estrutura espacial e processos ecológicos: o estudo da fragmentação dos habitats

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Maria Laranjeira

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo revê a relação entre alguns conceitos e pressupostos fundamentais para a atual investigação ecológica e biogeográfica que, desde meados de 1980, se tem vindo a centrar no estudo do regime e dos efeitos das perturbações ambientais, naturais e antrópicas, sobre espécies e comunidades biológicas. Salienta-se a afirmação crescente da Ecologia da Paisagem, disciplina que enfatiza a importância da heterogeneidade espacial e das relações recíprocas entre os padrões espaciais da paisagem e os processos ecológicos, sobretudo no contexto de uma perturbação como a da fragmentação dos habitats. A base conceptual e os resultados dos principais modelos de simulação espacial e dos estudos empíricos que permitem destrinçar a importância da perda do habitat relativamente à configuração espacial do habitat são sintetizados e discutidos.

Los Desplazamientos en el Discurso ´Ecológico´: del Naturalismo Social al Sociologismo Natural

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Rosario Rogel Salazar

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo ofrece una introducción al desarrollo sustentable que permita, en la medida de lo posible, fomentar una actitud crítica ante la manera en que se analiza hoy la cuestión de la sustentabilidad. El hilo conductor es la búsqueda del sistema conceptual, que ha concebido los problemas ecológicos como “perturbaciones” y que ahora arriba a una postura denominada “desarrollo sustentable”, como nueva construcción utópica del proyecto de la modernidad. Se busca enmarcar el problema como una cuestión epistémica, debido a que ha sido la forma de razonar/conocer lo que ha circunscrito las catástrofes ecológicas a ‘perturbaciones’; es decir, a situaciones a controlar, lo que da pie a la idea de desarrollo sustentable. En síntesis, estas líneas proponen enfrentar el problema de la intervención e interpretación del sujeto en la construcción de proyectos colectivos, en los que se ha ubicado al desarrollo sustentable.

Engineering Metal Nanostructure for SERS Application

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Yanqin Cao

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS has attracted great attention due to its remarkable enhancement and excellent selectivity in the detection of various molecules. Noble metal nanomaterials have usually been employed for producing substrates that can be used in SERS because of their unique local plasma resonance. As the SERS enhancement of signals depends on parameters such as size, shape, morphology, arrangement, and dielectric environment of the nanostructure, there have been a number of studies on tunable nanofabrication and synthesis of noble metals. In this work, we will illustrate progress in engineering metallic nanostructures with various morphologies using versatile methods. We also discuss their SERS applications in different fields and the challenges.

Desenvolvimento in vitro de plântulas de diplóides de bananeira obtidas a partir de cultura de embriões

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NEVES TÁRCIA DOS SANTOS

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento in vitro de plântulas de progênies de oito genótipos de bananeira obtidos a partir de cultura de embriões. Os genótipos foram as espécies selvagens Calcutta e Malaccensis (Musa acuminata-AA, Butuhan e França (M. balbisiana-BB e os híbridos 0304-02, 1304-06, 4252-04 e 9379-09 (M. acuminata-AA. Os embriões foram extraídos de forma asséptica, sendo introduzidos em meio de cultura MS com 30 g L-1 agar, inicialmente em placas de Petri (40 dias e depois em tubos de ensaio (45 dias. Verificou-se efeito do genótipo no desenvolvimento in vitro dos embriões. As progênies dos genótipos selvagens do grupo BB, seguidos das progênies dos híbridos AA apresentaram maior desenvolvimento para as variáveis estudadas. O protocolo utilizado foi adequado para a cultura de embriões das progênies dos oito genótipos, devendo, no entanto, o período de desenvolvimento in vitro ser reduzido para 30 dias a fim de que o enraizamento não seja muito acentuado.

Myrtaceae na Bacia do Rio Caveiras: Características Ecológicas e Usos Não Madeireiros

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Juliano Pereira Gomes

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivou-se descrever o padrão florístico-estrutural, as características ecológicas e os potenciais das Myrtaceae na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Caveiras. As comunidades de Myrtaceae estudadas localizam-se no Planalto Sul Catarinense, Lages, São José do Cerrito e Urupema. Foram instaladas quatro blocos por município, totalizando 30 mil m2 de área amostral, nos quais todos os espécimes de Myrtaceae com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP ≥ 5 cm foram amostrados. A estrutura da comunidade de Myrtaceae foi avaliada pelos descritores fitossociológicos e a suficiência amostral foi verificada utilizando-se o método de rarefação. As abordagens ecológicas e indicações de uso não madeireiro basearam-se em bibliografia especializada e base de dados científicos. Foram amostrados 1.480 exemplares de Myrtaceae pertencentes a 21 espécies e 11 gêneros. As espécies mais abundantes foram Myrceugenia euosma, Siphoneugena reitzii e Myrcia palustris, as quais representaram mais de 50% da estrutura da comunidade. Quanto à classificação ecológica, destacou-se o grupo das secundárias iniciais (57%. As espécies amostradas são indicadas para restauração de áreas alteradas, usos ornamentais (100% e fitoterápicos (60%. Apesar da representatividade e potencialidades das Myrtaceae, ainda são necessárias pesquisas para embasar a conservação via plano de manejo.

Fasting mediated increase in p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) in the prefrontal cortex of mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Pitchaimani, Vigneshwaran; Arumugam, Somasundaram; Thandavarayan, Rajarajan Amirthalingam; Karuppagounder, Vengadeshprabhu; Sreedhar, Remya; Afrin, Rejina; Harima, Meilei; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Miyashita, Shizuka; Nomoto, Mayumi; Sone, Hirohito; Suzuki, Kenji; Watanabe, Kenichi

2014-09-05

BAD-deficient mice and fasting have several common functional roles in seizures, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) uptake in brain and alteration in counterregulatory hormonal regulation during hypoglycemia. Neuronal specific insulin receptor knockout (NIRKO) mice display impaired counterregulatory hormonal responses during hypoglycemia. In this study we investigated the fasting mediated expression of p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) in different regions of brain (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, midbrain and hypothalamus). Fasting specifically increases p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) in prefrontal cortex and decreases in other regions of brain. Our results suggest that fasting may increase the uptake BHB by decreasing p-BAD(ser155) in the brain during hypoglycemia except prefrontal cortex and it uncovers specific functional area of p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) that may regulates counter regulatory hormonal response. Overall in support with previous findings, fasting mediated hypoglycemia activates prefrontal cortex insulin signaling which influences the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediated activation of sympathoadrenal hormonal responses. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Batch fabrication of disposable screen printed SERS arrays.

Science.gov (United States)

Qu, Lu-Lu; Li, Da-Wei; Xue, Jin-Qun; Zhai, Wen-Lei; Fossey, John S; Long, Yi-Tao

2012-03-07

A novel facile method of fabricating disposable and highly reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) arrays using screen printing was explored. The screen printing ink containing silver nanoparticles was prepared and printed on supporting materials by a screen printing process to fabricate SERS arrays (6 × 10 printed spots) in large batches. The fabrication conditions, SERS performance and application of these arrays were systematically investigated, and a detection limit of 1.6 × 10(-13) M for rhodamine 6G could be achieved. Moreover, the screen printed SERS arrays exhibited high reproducibility and stability, the spot-to-spot SERS signals showed that the intensity variation was less than 10% and SERS performance could be maintained over 12 weeks. Portable high-throughput analysis of biological samples was accomplished using these disposable screen printed SERS arrays.

Achieving optimal SERS through enhanced experimental design.

Science.gov (United States)

Fisk, Heidi; Westley, Chloe; Turner, Nicholas J; Goodacre, Royston

2016-01-01

One of the current limitations surrounding surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is the perceived lack of reproducibility. SERS is indeed challenging, and for analyte detection, it is vital that the analyte interacts with the metal surface. However, as this is analyte dependent, there is not a single set of SERS conditions that are universal. This means that experimental optimisation for optimum SERS response is vital. Most researchers optimise one factor at a time, where a single parameter is altered first before going onto optimise the next. This is a very inefficient way of searching the experimental landscape. In this review, we explore the use of more powerful multivariate approaches to SERS experimental optimisation based on design of experiments and evolutionary computational methods. We particularly focus on colloidal-based SERS rather than thin film preparations as a result of their popularity. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de las garrapatas duras

OpenAIRE

Polanco-Echeverry, Diana Nayibe; Ríos-Osorio, Leonardo Alberto

2016-01-01

Las garrapatas duras son ectoparásitos hematófagos de la familia Ixodidae. Estos ácaros han sido considerados siempre como agentes disruptores de los sistemas ganaderos, en los que se les reconoce como causantes de pérdidas económicas y productivas. Sin embargo, su función ecológica es importante para el equilibrio dinámico del sistema de producción de carne o leche bovina. El conocimiento de su biología y ecología puede ilustrar la toma de decisiones sanitarias que se hagan sobre estos organ...

Label-free in situ SERS imaging of biofilms.

Science.gov (United States)

Ivleva, Natalia P; Wagner, Michael; Szkola, Agathe; Horn, Harald; Niessner, Reinhard; Haisch, Christoph

2010-08-12

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising technique for the chemical characterization of biological systems. It yields highly informative spectra, can be applied directly in aqueous environment, and has high sensitivity in comparison with normal Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, SERS imaging can provide chemical information with spatial resolution in the micrometer range (chemical imaging). In this paper, we report for the first time on the application of SERS for in situ, label-free imaging of biofilms and demonstrate the suitability of this technique for the characterization of the complex biomatrix. Biofilms, being communities of microorganisms embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), represent the predominant mode of microbial life. Knowledge of the chemical composition and the structure of the biofilm matrix is important in different fields, e.g., medicine, biology, and industrial processes. We used colloidal silver nanoparticles for the in situ SERS analysis. Good SERS measurement reproducibility, along with a significant enhancement of Raman signals by SERS (>10(4)) and highly informative SERS signature, enables rapid SERS imaging (1 s for a single spectrum) of the biofilm matrix. Altogether, this work illustrates the potential of SERS for biofilm analysis, including the detection of different constituents and the determination of their distribution in a biofilm even at low biomass concentration.

¿Conocimiento, medio ambiente o salud? Una investigación sobre los determinantes del consumo de alimentos ecológicos en España

OpenAIRE

López Galán, Belinda Susan; Gracia Royo, Azucena; Barreiro Hurlé, Jesús

2013-01-01

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores que influyen en la intención de compra de alimentos ecológicos de los consumidores españoles. Para ello se ha especificado un modelo de intención de compra basado en la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado de Ajzen al que se ha añadido el nivel de conocimiento sobre los alimentos ecológicos y la preocupación por la salud y el medioambiente como factores determinantes de la intención de compra. Para estimar el modelo se ha especificado un mo...

Literatura infantil & educación ambiental: contribución en la construcción de la identidad del ser humano

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Maria de Lourdes Alves Bedendi

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever e comentar o panorama da Literatura Infantil no Brasil, principalmente na zona da Amazônia Legal, sempre tomando em conta a função que desempenha a Literatura Infantil ao enlaçar-se com a Educação Ambiental. Parte do conceito atual de Literatura, definida como uma disciplina que se ocupa do estudo dos textos que possuem uma preocupação estética, que provocam prazer e conhecimento por seu conteúdo, forma e organização, pode-se afirmar que, por ser uma expressão do homem, é um bom meio de comunicação, que explora todas as partes e alcances da linguagem. Assim, como expressão essencial do ser humano em suas relações com o outro e com o mundo (ou com a natureza em geral, conclui-se que a literatura destinada às crianças e aos jovens é um dos instrumentos de maior alcance para a urgente conscientização ecológica desse grupo social básico formado pelos futuros cidadãos de um país. A Pedagogia Moderna já demonstrou abundantemente que é através de atividades que envolvem o lúdico e a imaginação, o jogo ou o prazer de interatuar com algo, que os meninos assimilam o conhecimento do mundo que lhes é indispensável para construir seu espaço interior afetivo e para interagir racionalmente com o meio em que vivem. Palavras-chave: literatura infantil; educação ambiental; leitura; conhecimento.

Determinación de la calidad ecológica del río Tuluá Valle del Cauca

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César Augusto Bustamante Toro

2014-12-01

Full Text Available En el período comprendido entre febrero y junio de 2011, se realizó un estudio sobre la calidad ecológica del río Tuluá en sus tramos medio y bajo en la jurisdicción del municipio de Tuluá, Valle del Cauca. Se establecieron seis puntos de muestreo donde se colectaron macroinvertebrados acuáticos y se tomaron muestras de agua para los análisis físico-químicos y bacteriológicos. Para los resultados se aplicaron los índices de contaminación acuática (ICOMO, ICOMI e ICOSUS de Viña & Ramírez (1998, el índice biótico de calidad del agua BMWP adaptado por Zúñiga (2004 y los índices ecológicos de diversidad alfa y beta. También se determinó la composición y estructura del ensamble de macroinvertebrados encontrándose 1174 individuos distribuidos en 3 Phyllum, 4 Clases, 12 Órdenes, 25 Familias y 12 Géneros con valores de diversidad entre medios y bajo; en términos físico-químicos y ecológicos los tramos estudiados se encuentran en condiciones que varían entre aguas limpias y de buena calidad hasta aguas muy contaminadas. Es necesario que la autoridad ambiental y la sociedad civil del municipio de Tuluá formulen y apliquen estrategias de saneamiento para la prevención y control de la contaminación de esta importante corriente hídrica que es la principal fuente de abastecimiento de dicha localidad.

Avaliação de progênies de macaúba na fase juvenil e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e diversidade genética Evaluation of macaw palm progenies in juvenile phase and estimates of genetic parameters and genetic diversity

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Candida Elisa Manfio

2012-03-01

Full Text Available

A macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata é uma palmeira oleaginosa e o extrativismo de seus frutos é de grande importância socioeconômica para os pequenos produtores rurais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética e obter informações sobre o controle genético de características morfológicas relacionadas ao crescimento e vigor da macaúba. Foram coletadas 51 progênies em Minas Gerais e São Paulo, as quais são integrantes do banco ativo de germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Doze meses após o plantio, essas progênies foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento da planta (cm e número de folhas emitidas. Estas características apresentaram grande variabilidade entre as progênies. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade foram de 87% e 48%, para crescimento de planta e número de folhas, respectivamente, revelando controle genético e boas perspectivas para o melhoramento. O método de Tocher mostrou-se eficiente em alocar as progênies do Estado de São Paulo em um mesmo grupo. O método de seleção pelo Índice de rank médio permitiu selecionar indivíduos e progênies mais equilibrados em termos dos dois caracteres.

doi: 10.4336/2012.pfb.32.69.63

The macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeate is an extraction oil palm and its fruit is of great socioeconomic importance for small farmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability and to obtain information about the genetic control of morphological traits related to growth and vigor of macaw palm. Fifty-one open pollinated progenies were collected in Minas Gerais and São Paulo States, which are active members of the germplasm bank of Viçosa Federal University. These 51 progenies, twelve months after planting, were evaluated for plant growth and number of leaves emitted. The characteristics evaluated presented great variability among the progenies. Heritability coefficient of 87% and 48% were

Avaliação e seleção de progênies F3 de cafeeiros de porte baixo com o gene SH3 de resistência a Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br. Evaluation and selection of Coffea arabica F3 progenies with low height and the leaf-rust SH3 resistence gene

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Albano Silva da Conceição

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar e selecionar progênies F3 de cafeeiros de porte baixo com o gene SH3 de resistência à ferrugem, foram estudadas 36 progênies de cafeeiros tipo arábica (Coffea arabica L. , em geração F3, resultantes dos cruzamentos dirigidos entre as cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 46 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 com o acesso IAC 1110 (BA-10. Esse último, originário da Índia, é fonte dos genes SH2SH3 que conferem resistência a Hemileia vastatrix. O experimento, estabelecido em 1988 no Centro Experimental do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas (SP, no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com seis repetições, duas plantas por parcela e no espaçamento 3,0 x 1,8 m, utilizou como testemunha a cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81, totalizando 37 tratamentos. Avaliaram-se no campo, a produção de café (média de sete colheitas, vigor vegetativo, resistência à ferrugem, porte da planta, coloração das folhas novas e maturação dos frutos. Os frutos das plantas mais produtivas foram analisados em laboratório quanto ao rendimento, tipos de sementes, peneira média e massa de 1000 grãos. A análise da variância dos dados de produção das progênies evidenciou que houve diferenças significativas entre as progênies, ao nível de 1% de probabilidade, pelo teste F. Foram selecionadas 11 progênies com média superior à testemunha e dentro dessas, 39 cafeeiros. Das 25 progênies restantes foram selecionados mais 15 cafeeiros produtivos e resistentes ao agente da ferrugem. Desses 54 cafeeiros, foram selecionados os 18 que apresentaram peneira média acima de 15,5 e maior freqüência de grãos normais do tipo chato. As progênies dessas plantas selecionadas foram avaliadas na geração F4, em fase de mudas, quando se verificou que dez delas estavam em homozigoze para porte baixo. Com as 18 plantas, o Programa de Melhoramento do Café, no IAC, terá continuidade como progênies F4, visando à obtenção de nova cultivar de

Superando los límites medioambientales de la empresa: Un estudio experimental del efecto del posicionamiento ecológico en la actitud hacia la marca

OpenAIRE

Hartmann, Patrick; Forcada Sainz, Francisco Javier; Apaolaza Ibáñez, Vanesa

2004-01-01

Ponencia presentada y defendida en el XI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa (AEDEM), celebrado en París en septiembre de 2002. [ES] La reducción del impacto medioambiental de un producto o de su proceso de fabricación no necesariamente constituye una limitación a la actividad empresarial, sino puede, asimismo, representar una oportunidad estratégica en el marco de una gestión de marcas ecológica. El posicionamiento ecológico se presenta como un...

SERS Technique for Rapid Bacterial Screening

Science.gov (United States)

This study reports the feasibility of citrate-reduced colloidal silver SERS for differentiating E. coli, Listeria, and Salmonella. FT-Raman and SERS spectra of both silver colloids and colloid-K3PO4 mixtures were collected and analyzed to evaluate the reproducibility and stability of silver colloids...

Projeto Sabão Ecológico: uma estratégia educacional para a reciclagem do óleo de cozinha no município de Viçosa

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Yaankha Bharbara Allecxandria Bernardo da Silva Barbosa Cardoso

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O descarte inadequado de resíduos de óleo de cozinha usado pode causar danos ambientais no local onde é descartado, bem como no entorno, fato que desrespeita um dos direitos do ser humano: o acesso ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Neste contexto, o Projeto Sabão Ecológico foi criado pela ONG Engenheiros Sem Fronteiras – Núcleo Viçosa, devido à necessidade de conscientizar a população sobre os danos inerentes ao descarte incorreto desse óleo. Por meio de oficinas teórico-práticas, que ensinam a produção de sabão artesanal a partir do óleo usado, o projeto apresenta um destino sustentável para o mesmo, gerando um produto capaz de auxiliar no orçamento doméstico ou mesmo gerar renda para a comunidade, já tendo alcançado avaliação positiva pelos participantes. Dessa forma, o projeto tem impactado diversas esferas, promovendo benefícios ambientais, sociais e financeiros aos envolvidos, por meio da educação ambiental, utilizada como ferramenta de transformação da sociedade.

Linajes fantasma y correlación con variables ecológicas: el caso de la Subfamilia Caprinae

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Morales, J.

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Integration between systematic phylogenetics and palaeontological data has been probed to be an effective methodology to value palaeodiversities because it identifies periods in the evolutionary history of the clade without fossil representation. These are called ghost lineages. In this work we explore the possible relationship of ghost lineages duration with biometric, biogeografic or ecological variables in the Subfamily Caprinae (Bovidae, Mammalia. Variables were codified as binary characters and their relationship was examined using the concentrated-changes test. Our results indicate that species appearing in rainforest, warm temperate forest, taiga and desert biomes are related with high proportion of ghost lineages, while those from steppe biome present lower proportions. Zones inhabited by species of Caprinae in rainforest, warm temperate forest, taiga and desert are usually associated with high altitudes and a steep topography. Thus, we interpret that proportions in ghost lineages would be determined by probabilities of sedimentation and fossil site development .La integración de la sistemática filogenética con datos paleontológicos ha demostrado ser una eficaz metodología a la hora de estimar paleodiversidades mediante la identificación de periodos en la historia evolutiva de los clados sin representantes fósiles, a los que se denominan linajes fantasma. En este trabajo pretendemos estudiar la posible correlación con variables biométricas, biogeográficas o ecológicas con el fin de averiguar si la duración de los linajes fantasma puede ser relacionada con este tipo de variables. Este estudio está basado en la Subfamilia Caprinae (Bovidae, Mammalia. Las variables estudiadas fueron traducidas a caracteres binarios y se analizó su correlación mediante análisis de cambios concentrados. Nuestros resultados indican que las especies que aparecen en los biomas pluvisilva, laurisilva, taiga y desierto están ligadas a altos

Indicadores ambientais para o estudo da contribuição da bioengenharia na sucessão ecológica da Mata Ciliar na margem direita do Rio São Francisco - ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS FOR THE STUDY OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF BIOENGINEERING IN ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF FOREST IN CILIARY MARGIN RIGHT OF SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER

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Luisa Ferreira Ribeiro

2010-11-01

Full Text Available O maior problema ambiental que se destaca no rio São Francisco é a erosão, tais conseqüências ambientais são fornecidas entre elas o aumento da turbidez nos corpos hídricos, perda da área produtiva e assoreamento do rio devido à devastação das matas ciliares, o que acarreta a diminuição da biodiversidade na região. No processo de contenção da erosão, é necessário ser feito um estudo da mata ciliar, uma vez que a mesma pode auxiliar na contenção da erosão, preservando a integridade do solo contra os efeitos danosos da erosão. A utilização de indicadores para o estudo da sucessão ecológica de espécies de mata ciliar na margem direita do rio São Francisco oferece uma melhor compreensão e dimensão do problema que atinge a área. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a construção de indicadores ambientais como ferramenta para uma melhor compreensão da contribuição da bioengenharia na sucessão ecológica na margem direita do Rio São Francisco. A identificação de indicadores ambientais para o estudo do sistema “contribuição da bioengenharia na sucessão ecológica da mata ciliar no Baixo São Francisco”, mostrou-se como uma ferramenta de grande importância para uma melhor compreensão do sistema, permitindo práticas de recuperação mais viáveis.

SERS microscopy: plasmonic nanoparticle probes and biomedical applications

Science.gov (United States)

Gellner, M.; Schütz, M.; Salehi, M.; Packeisen, J.; Ströbel, P.; Marx, A.; Schmuck, C.; Schlücker, S.

2010-08-01

Nanoparticle probes for use in targeted detection schemes and readout by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) comprise a metal core, Raman reporter molecules and a protective shell. One design of SERS labels specifically optimized for biomedical applications in conjunction with red laser excitation is based on tunable gold/silver nanoshells, which are completely covered by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Raman reporters. A shell around the SAM-coated metal core stabilizes the colloid and prevents particle aggregation. The optical properties and SERS efficiencies of these plasmonic nanostructures are characterized both experimentally and theoretically. Subsequent bioconjugation of SERS probes to ligands such as antibodies is a prerequisite for the selective detection of the corresponding target molecule via the characteristic Raman signature of the label. Biomedical imaging applications of SERS-labeled antibodies for tumor diagnostics by SERS microscopy are presented, using the localization of the tumor suppressor p63 in prostate tissue sections as an example.

El marketing ecológico y su integración en la planificación estratégica

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Yoleida Hernández

2012-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir la integración del marketing ecológico en la planificación, con el fin establecer los aspectos que integra dicha tendencia y los beneficios que le aporta a las organizaciones, dentro del contexto ambiental. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo-documental, basada principalmente en los aportes realizados por autores como: Chamorro (2001, David (2003, Kaplan y Norton (2000, López (2007, Lorenzo (2002 y Machín (2003. La revisión realizada permitió concluir, que el marketing ecológico como mecanismo necesario en la planificación estratégica de toda organización, acorde con las exigencias ambientales de los clientes y la sociedad en general, debido a que determina los objetivos ambientales: los elementos presentes en el proceso, su integración con la visión estratégica y las estrategias para alcanzarlos, lo cual le permite a la organización direccionarse hacia una economía verde.

Ser lo mismo, ser diferente: contra la masificación

OpenAIRE

Saldarriaga Roa, Alberto

2005-01-01

La sociedad moderna se ha configurado, en los dos últimos siglos, como una sociedad de masas. Esto parece ser una condición sine qua non de su estructura y operatividad. La masificación se manifiesta no sólo en el comportamiento social sino también en el

Responsabilidad Penal y Civil de Degradantes Ambiental en Brasil y España: El Medio Ambiente Ecológicamente Equilibrado como Derecho Humano.

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Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves Ribeiro

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta, con perspectiva de la ley brasileña y española, estudio de la responsabilidad penal y civil que debe asignarse a los que causan daños al medio ambiente. Este texto propone prácticas que consagran una mejor protección del medio ambiente en el contexto penal y civil. La justificación, sentado en el análisis de las fuentes de investigación primaria y secundaria se desarrolla por método lógico-deductivo, es la razón de ser del medio ambiente ecológicamente equilibrado no sólo como derecho fundamental, sino como derecho humano merecedor de amplia protección penal y civil y consistente, que fue objeto de la conclusión.

Correlación ecológica entre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mortalidad por cirrosis hepática en México

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NARRO-ROBLES JOSÉ

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la correlación entre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mortalidad por cirrosis hepática. Material y métodos. Se efectuó un análisis de correlación ecológica entre el conjunto de variables que integran el patrón de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas investigadas en la Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones en 1993 y la mortalidad por cirrosis hepática, en el periodo 1971-1993 en las ocho regiones en que fue dividido el país. Para determinar el nivel de correlación se utilizaron los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y de Spearman. Resultados. Solamente se encontró correlación significativa con la prevalencia de bebedores de bebidas destiladas, pulque y cerveza; con esta última la correlación fue negativa. Conclusiones. Aunque se considera que el consumo de pulque es limitado, llama la atención su asociación con la mortalidad por cirrosis hepática. La correlación negativa con la cerveza se interpreta en el sentido de que el consumo de esta bebida no es buen indicador de alcoholismo. Los resultados, aunque sin ser definitivos, muestran la necesidad de efectuar una acción de intervención efectiva en las entidades federativas con exceso de consumo de bebidas destiladas y pulque.

SERS-Based Prognosis of Kidney Transplant Outcome

Science.gov (United States)

Chi, Jingmao

Kidney transplant is the predominant procedure of all organ transplants around the world. The number of patients on the waiting list for a kidney is growing rapidly, yet the number of donations does not keep up with the fast-growing need. This thesis focuses on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of urine samples for prognosis of kidney transplant outcome, which can potentially let patients have a more timely treatment as well as expand the organ pool for transplant. We have observed unique SERS spectral features from urine samples of kidney transplant recipients that have strong associations with the kidney acute rejection (AR) based on the analysis of urine one day after the transplant. Our ability to provide an early prognosis of transplant outcome is a significant advance over the current gold standard of clinical diagnosis, which occurs weeks or months after the surgical procedure. The SERS analysis has also been applied to urine samples from deceased kidney donors. Excellent classification ability was achieved when the enhanced PCA-LDA analysis was used to classify and identify urine samples from different cases. The sensitivity of the acute tubular necrosis (ATN) class is more than 90%, which can indicate the usable kidneys in the high failure risk category. This analysis can help clinicians identify usable kidneys which would be discarded using conventional clinic methods as high failure risk. To investigate the biomarkers that cause the unique SERS features, an HPLC-SERS-MS approach was established. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate the urinary components to reduce the sample complexity. The mass spectrometry (MS) was used to determine the formulas and the structures of the biomarkers. The presence of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and adenine in urine samples were confirmed by both MS and SERS analysis. Succinylmonocholine, a metabolite of suxamethonium, has a potential to be the biomarker that causes

The Natural History of the Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) Studies: Design and Baseline Characteristics: ProgStar Report No. 1.

Science.gov (United States)

Strauss, Rupert W; Ho, Alex; Muñoz, Beatriz; Cideciyan, Artur V; Sahel, José-Alain; Sunness, Janet S; Birch, David G; Bernstein, Paul S; Michaelides, Michel; Traboulsi, Elias I; Zrenner, Eberhart; Sadda, SriniVas; Ervin, Ann-Margret; West, Sheila; Scholl, Hendrik P N

2016-04-01

To describe the design and baseline characteristics of patients enrolled into 2 natural history studies of Stargardt disease (STGD1). Multicenter retrospective and prospective cohort studies. Three hundred sixty-five unique patients aged 6 years and older at baseline harboring disease-causing variants in the ABCA4 gene and with specified ocular lesions were enrolled from 9 centers in the United States and Europe. In the retrospective study, patients contributed medical record data from at least 2 and up to 4 visits for at least 1 examination modality: fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (SD OCT), and/or microperimetry (MP). The total observational period was at least 2 years and up to 5 years between single visits. Demographic and visual acuity (VA) data also were obtained. In the prospective study, eligible patients were examined at baseline using a standard protocol, with 6-month follow-up visits planned for a 2-year period for serial Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) best-corrected VA, SD OCT, FAF, and MP. Design and rationale of a multicenter study to determine the progression of STGD1 in 2 large retrospective and prospective international cohorts. Detailed baseline characteristics of both cohorts are presented, including demographics, and structural and functional retinal metrics. Into the retrospective study, 251 patients (458 eyes) were enrolled; mean follow-up ± standard deviation was 3.9±1.6 years. At baseline, 36% had no or mild VA loss, and 47% of the study eyes had areas of definitely decreased autofluorescence (DDAF) with an average lesion area of 2.5±2.9 mm(2) (range, 0.02-16.03 mm(2)). Two hundred fifty-nine patients (489 eyes) were enrolled in the prospective study. At baseline, 20% had no or mild VA loss, and 64% had areas of DDAF with an average lesion area of 4.0±4.4 mm(2) (range, 0.03-24.24 mm(2)). The mean retinal sensitivity with MP was 10.8±5.0 dB. The ProgStar cohorts have

Conocer y ser en el paradigma constructivista

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Jose Antonio Camargo Rodriguez

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Toda teoría acerca del aprendizaje se fundamenta en una interpretación del conocimiento, la cual se encuentra, a su vez, ligada a una cierta concepción de «ser». No será posible asimilar verdaderamente cualquiera de tales teorías si se ignoran, o no se consideran con el debido detenimiento, las ideas de conocer y «ser» que le sirven de base. Sc pone de presente que el constructivismo, en contraste con la teoría transmisionista de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, predominante en la pedagogía tradicional, tiene su fundamento en la interpretación según la cual el conocer es una actividad humana en la que, a medida quo conoce, el hombre construye el «ser». Antes de todo conocimiento, las cosas no tienen un «ser»; están ahí, pero no se sabe lo que son. El «ser», quo constituye el objeto de todo conocer, aquello que el sujeto persigue a través de su conocimiento, no toes dada de antemano, ni le viene de fuera, sino quo es una elaboración quo el mismo realiza a través de su actividad cognoscitiva, un contenido de su propia conciencia. Hay, pues, una cierta paradoja entre las ideas de conocer y «ser» que sirven de fundamento al constructivismo, cuya reflexión se propone en aras de ganar una mejor comprensión, de encontrarle a este paradigma un sentido más allá de la pedagogía y la didáctica.

Identificación de valores y estilos de vida del consumidor de alimentos ecológicos en la ciudad de Bogotá / Identification of values and lifestyles of organic food consumer at the city of Bogotá

OpenAIRE

Ojeda Arismendy, Diana del Pilar

2011-01-01

Como objetivos del presente trabajo se plantearon: el establecimiento de la percepción y la motivación de compra del consumidor, hacia los alimentos ecológicos en la ciudad de Bogotá, y la identificación a través de los valores y estilos de vida, tanto del consumidor potencial como el actual. Para esto, se realizó una exhaustiva investigación documental, para la producción, la comercialización y el consumo de los alimentos ecológicos. Se evidenció que la producción agrícola ecológica en Colom...

De la comprensión a la aplicación del conocimiento en el diagnóstico ecológico

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Jaime Matus Parada

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Ante la actual crisis socioambiental, los centros de educación superior enfrentan la demanda del conocimiento aplicado en distintos campos. Este texto se refiere al campo de la Biología impartido en la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco (uam-x. El artículo explora el grado de relación que los conocimientos conceptuales pueden presentar con la capacidad de aplicación del conocimiento en un dominio cognitivo específico que posee una naturaleza procedimental, el diagnóstico ecológico. Salvo en los casos de los alumnos más aventajados, los resultados sugieren que los esquemas conceptuales que poseen los alumnos no son suficientes para garantizar un desempeño complejo como el que implica el diagnóstico ecológico. Este hallazgo se ve influido por la naturaleza del dominio cognitivo estudiado, caracterizado por una demanda conceptual relativamente moderada, pero también por un desempeño extremadamente amplio y complejo.

Impacto ecológico de los Intercambiadores de calor de tubo y coraza; Ecological impact of Shell and tube heat exchangers

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Maida Bárbara Reyes Rodríguez

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Los intercambiadores de calor de tubo y coraza son de los equipos más importantes en la industria. Su diseño termodinámico se basa en el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor y la caída de presión total. En 2007 se estableció una nueva propiedad termodinámica denominada “Entransía”, que expresa la capacidad de un cuerpo de transferir calor. A la pérdida de esa capacidad se le denomina “Disipación de Entransía”. Para evaluar el impacto ecológico de las máquinas térmicas, Angulo-Brown creó en 1991 la llamada función ecológica. En el presente trabajo se combinó la disipación de entransía con la función ecológica y se creó una nueva expresión para evaluar el impacto ambiental de los intercambiadores de calor. Se realizó además la optimización muti-objetivo de estos equipos. Fueron utilizadas como funciones objetivo la función ecológica y el costo. Para realizar la optimización se utilizó el método de los Algoritmos Genéticos.Shell and tube heat exchangers are ones the most important equipment in the industry. Their thermodynamic design is based on the global heat transference coefficient and the pressure drop. In 2007 was settled a new thermodynamic property denominated “Entransy”, which expresses the capacity of a body to transfer heat. The loss of this capacity is denominated “Entransy Dissipation”. For evaluating the ecological impact of thermal machines, Angulo-Brown created in 1991 the “ecological function”. In this paper the“entransy dissipation” and the ecological function were combined and a new expression for evaluating the ecological impact of shell and tube heat exchangers was created. A multi-objective optimization of this equipment wasalso realized. The ecological function and the cost wereused as objective functions. For carry out the optimization the method of the Genetic Algorithms was used.

Knowing for controlling: ecological effects of invasive vertebrates in Tierra del Fuego Conocer para controlar: efectos ecológicos de vertebrados invasores en Tierra del Fuego

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CLAUDIA A SILVA

2008-03-01

impactos ecológicos significativos, que hace poco probable que la falta de impactos comprobados en TDF se deba a una ausencia de efectos significativos de estos invasores en el archipiélago. Sugerimos que la investigación futura se aboque a determinar la densidad y distribución poblacional de estos y otros (i.e., especies asilvestradas o baguales vertebrados introducidos, así como sus impactos principalmente en los sistemas de agua dulce, la vegetación, el suelo y las aves que nidifican sobre él. Respecto al manejo, las interaciones entre invasores deben ser consideradas. Si es que el archipiélago de Tierra del Fuego es especialmente vulnerable a las invasiones biológicas debe aún ser probado, sin embargo, introducciones futuras debieran ser sopesadas cuidadosamente

Tiempo y sucesión ecológica en Ramón Margalef

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Vargas Abarzúa, Esteban

2010-02-01

Full Text Available In this paper we attempt to think about the time in the Margalef’s ecological succession theory. In the classical model of ecological succession, populations succeed each other. Each phases of that succession “as a temporary phase” is merely juxtaposed with the other. It is the clock time, time like “measure” of the clock. Time here is absolute, independent of the process like in Newton. This does not happen in the model of Margalef. He thinks the ecosystem like a process in which energy is transfer and information acumulated. Thus, in the dynamic process of ecosystem appears various phases determined by the intrinsic dynamics of the system. Each ecosystem has its own time.

En este trabajo intentamos meditar la concepción de tiempo en la teoría de sucesión ecológica de Margalef. En un modelo clásico de sucesión ecológica, las poblaciones se suceden unas a otras. Cada fase de esa sucesión “en tanto fase temporal” está meramente yuxtapuesta a las demás fases. Es el tiempo cronométrico, el tiempo como “medida” del reloj. El tiempo es aquí algo absoluto, independiente del proceso como en Newton. Esto no ocurre en el modelo de Margalef. Él piensa el ecosistema como un proceso de transferencia de energía y acumulación de información. Por esto, en el proceso dinámico del ecosistema existen diversas fases determinadas por la dinámica intrínseca del sistema. Cada ecosistema posee así su tiempo propio.

Dynamic SERS nanosensor for neurotransmitter sensing near neurons.

Science.gov (United States)

Lussier, Félix; Brulé, Thibault; Bourque, Marie-Josée; Ducrot, Charles; Trudeau, Louis-Éric; Masson, Jean-François

2017-12-04

Current electrophysiology and electrochemistry techniques have provided unprecedented understanding of neuronal activity. However, these techniques are suited to a small, albeit important, panel of neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA and dopamine, and these constitute only a subset of the broader range of neurotransmitters involved in brain chemistry. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides a unique opportunity to detect a broader range of neurotransmitters in close proximity to neurons. Dynamic SERS (D-SERS) nanosensors based on patch-clamp-like nanopipettes decorated with gold nanoraspberries can be located accurately under a microscope using techniques analogous to those used in current electrophysiology or electrochemistry experiments. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that D-SERS can measure in a single experiment ATP, glutamate (glu), acetylcholine (ACh), GABA and dopamine (DA), among other neurotransmitters, with the potential for detecting a greater number of neurotransmitters. The SERS spectra of these neurotransmitters were identified with a barcoding data processing method and time series of the neurotransmitter levels were constructed. The D-SERS nanosensor was then located near cultured mouse dopaminergic neurons. The detection of neurotransmitters was performed in response to a series of K + depolarisations, and allowed the detection of elevated levels of both ATP and dopamine. Control experiments were also performed near glial cells, showing only very low basal detection neurotransmitter events. This paper demonstrates the potential of D-SERS to detect neurotransmitter secretion events near living neurons, but also constitutes a strong proof-of-concept for the broad application of SERS to the detection of secretion events by neurons or other cell types in order to study normal or pathological cell functions.

SER Y ESTAR CON ADJETIVOS – SIGNIFICACION DE LAS PROPOSICIONES SER Y ESTAR CON ADJETIVOS – SIGNIFICACION DE LAS PROPOSICIONES

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Javier García de María

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Ser y estar: uno de los temas difíciles de la enseñanza/aprendizaje del español. Este trabajo expone un enfoque que recurre a la significación como hilo conductor. Por una parte, a la significación de ser y de estar como verbos, en sí mismos. Por otra, a la significación de los adjetivos. El planteamiento no es ya qué significa un determinado adjetivo con ser o con estar, sino cuál de estos verbos puede expresar su significado único o cada uno de sus significados. Sobre esta base el análisis considera, primero, los significados de ser/estar y los significados de un adjetivo dado y, segundo, los resultados significativos que arroja la relación entre verbos y adjetivo. Cuando el significado de un adjetivo se pueda expresar con los dos verbos, la elección vendrá determinada por la intencionalidad del hablante en el contexto comunicativo en que se encuentre. A partir de aquí las construcciones en las que aparecen ser y estar son tratadas como proposiciones retórico-argumentativas.Ser and estar: a difficult aspect of Spanish as a foreign language. This essay presents an approach that takes signification as guide line. On the one hand, the signification of ser and estar for their own cause; on the other hand the signification of the adjectives. The question is no longer what the meaning of a given adjective is with ser or with estar, but with which of the two verbs is it possible to express the unique meaning or each of the meanings of that adjective. Starting from this basis the approach considers first, the isolated meanings of the verbs and of the adjectives and, second, the resultant signification out of the relation between the two sides. If the meaning of a given adjective can be expressed by both verbs, the selection of the verb is determined by the intentionality of the speaker in the communicative context in which he negotiates. From this background on the syntactical constructions in which ser and estar appear are treated as

Las cubiertas ecológicas de tercera generación: un nuevo material constructivo

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Barbero, M.

2008-09-01

Full Text Available In 1994, the first ecological roof in Spain was built as a result of a research process. The structure of the construction, the substrate, and the chosen plants have been modified since then, in order to make the environmental properties optimum and to adapt it to extreme climatic conditions such as Spanish dry summers and frosted winters. All these changes have been tested and the energetic attitude has been studied. The best result is represented by a third generation roof model, called as an ecological garden roof. The present article describes the results obtained from the previous research as well as the final process results.En 1994 se inició una investigación que dio como resultado la construcción de la primera cubierta ecológica en España. Desde ese momento se han realizado modificaciones en su estructura constructiva, en el sustrato empleado y en las plantas empleadas, con la intención de optimizar su comportamiento, adaptándola a las condiciones climáticas que se padecen de España. Todas estas modificaciones han sido ensayadas y se ha evaluado rigurosamente su comportamiento energético. El resultado ha culminado en un modelo de cubierta, ya de una tercera generación, denominada como cubierta ecológica jardín. En este artículo se muestran, tanto los resultados de la investigación previa, como los correspondientes a la fase final que culminó con ese nuevo modelo, considerado como un nuevo material constructivo, plenamente sostenible.

Reassessing SERS enhancement factors: using thermodynamics to drive substrate design.

Science.gov (United States)

Guicheteau, J A; Tripathi, A; Emmons, E D; Christesen, S D; Fountain, Augustus W

2017-12-04

Over the past 40 years fundamental and application research into Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has been explored by academia, industry, and government laboratories. To date however, SERS has achieved little commercial success as an analytical technique. Researchers are tackling a variety of paths to help break through the commercial barrier by addressing the reproducibility in both the SERS substrates and SERS signals as well as continuing to explore the underlying mechanisms. To this end, investigators use a variety of methodologies, typically studying strongly binding analytes such as aromatic thiols and azarenes, and report SERS enhancement factor calculations. However a drawback of the traditional SERS enhancement factor calculation is that it does not yield enough information to understand substrate reproducibility, application potential with another analyte, or the driving factors behind the molecule-metal interaction. Our work at the US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center has focused on these questions and we have shown that thermodynamic principles play a key role in the SERS response and are an essential factor in future designs of substrates and applications. This work will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various experimental techniques used to report SERS enhancement with planar SERS substrates and present our alternative SERS enhancement value. We will report on three types of analysis scenarios that all yield different information concerning the effectiveness of the SERS substrate, practical application of the substrate, and finally the thermodynamic properties of the substrate. We believe that through this work a greater understanding for designing substrates will be achieved, one that is based on both thermodynamic and plasmonic properties as opposed to just plasmonic properties. This new understanding and potential change in substrate design will enable more applications for SERS based methodologies including targeting

The frequency of genotypes for the SNP Ser/Ser in the studied population of Albanian women is higher in the Balkan region

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Zafer Gashi

2016-08-01

Full Text Available In women undergoing natural cycles, just one oocyte is usually selected for ovulation, yet routine clinical techniques to support the development of multiple follicles using additional gonadotrophins result in numerous ovulations. Several parameters have been postulated as predictors of ovarian response (inhibin B, 17-β-estradiol and antiMüllerian hormone. Nevertheless, the FSH level on the day 3 of menstrual cycle remains, the most widely used biomarker due to its low cost, although, the genetic background of individuals seems to determine the response of patients to rFSH stimulation better than the stimulation design. Consequently, the variants of FSHR were explored and they may be involved in the role of FSH receptor in mediated signal transduction and with ovarian response in infertile women submitted to ovarian stimulation. In this study we examined, for the first time, the prevalence of genotype variants Asn680Ser in population Albanian women from Kosovo Dukagjin region who took part in IVF / ICSI program. The frequencies of the Asn680Ser genotype variants were as follows: Asn/Asn 22.1%, Asn/Ser 47.1%, and Ser/Ser 30.8%, respectively (Table 1. bE2 levels between the three genotype variants showed slight but statistically significant difference (p= 0.0308. No difference was also found between the genotype groups either in terms of AFC, amount of the FSH required for ovulation induction, stimulation length days, number of dominant follicles, oocyte retrieval number or endometrial thickness (Table 2. BMI was significantly higher in the Ser/Ser group as compared to those from the Asn/Ser or the Asn/Asn group (p= 0.0010 (Table 2. In the study population of Albanian women Dukagjin region of Kosovo had a higher incidence of Ser / SER genotype compared to Asn / Asn genotype. Our research results in the Albanian population differ from published data for other ethnic groups in the Balkans.

The IkappaB kinase family phosphorylates the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2 at Ser935 and Ser910 during Toll-like receptor signaling.

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Nicolas Dzamko

Full Text Available Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2 are strongly associated with late-onset autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 is highly expressed in immune cells and recent work points towards a link between LRRK2 and innate immunity. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR pathway by MyD88-dependent agonists in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs or RAW264.7 macrophages induces marked phosphorylation of LRRK2 at Ser910 and Ser935, the phosphorylation sites that regulate the binding of 14-3-3 to LRRK2. Phosphorylation of these residues is prevented by knock-out of MyD88 in BMDMs, but not the alternative TLR adaptor protein TRIF. Utilising both pharmacological inhibitors, including a new TAK1 inhibitor, NG25, and genetic models, we provide evidence that both the canonical (IKKα and IKKβ and IKK-related (IKKε and TBK1 kinases mediate TLR agonist induced phosphorylation of LRRK2 in vivo. Moreover, all four IKK members directly phosphorylate LRRK2 at Ser910 and Ser935 in vitro. Consistent with previous work describing Ser910 and Ser935 as pharmacodynamic biomarkers of LRRK2 activity, we find that the TLR independent basal phosphorylation of LRRK2 at Ser910 and Ser935 is abolished following treatment of macrophages with LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. However, the increased phosphorylation of Ser910 and Ser935 induced by activation of the MyD88 pathway is insensitive to LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. Finally, employing LRRK2-deficient BMDMs, we present data indicating that LRRK2 does not play a major role in regulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by activation of the MyD88 pathway. Our findings provide the first direct link between LRRK2 and the IKKs that mediate many immune responses. Further work is required to uncover the physiological roles that phosphorylation of LRRK2 by IKKs play in controlling macrophage biology and to determine how phosphorylation of LRRK2 by IKKs impacts upon the use of Ser

Indicador espacial del metabolismo urbano. Huella Ecológica de la ciudad de Tandil, Argentina

OpenAIRE

Guerrero, Elsa Marcela; Guiñirgo, Fernando

2008-01-01

Además de problemas urbanos evidentes -contaminación, residuos, etc.-, existe un problema asociado a la propia dinámica del sistema urbano que es de interés: la apropiación creciente de ecosistemas productivos externos destinados a satisfacer los requerimientos del metabolismo urbano de la ciudad de Tandil, Argentina. Se emplea para su cálculo, la Huella Ecológica (HE) (Rees 1996a; Wackernagel 1996) que permite evaluar en términos espaciales –hectáreas- los requerimientos de alimentos, combus...

Humedal urbano en Punta Arenas: Sustentabilidad del Proyecto Parque Ecológico Humedal Tres Puentes

OpenAIRE

Luis Inostroza Pino

2009-01-01

El Humedal Tres Puentes, ubicado en la entrada norte de Punta Arenas, es un espacio relevante desde el punto de vista ecológico y hábitat de una numerosa avifauna, uno de los más importantes de la ciudad. Sin embargo el Humedal está seriamente amenazado, dado su ubicación sobre uno de los principales vectores de crecimiento de la ciudad de Punta Arenas, en terrenos que han adquirido plusvalía paulatinamente, bien por efecto de la obra pública del Estado o por el simple crecimiento vegetativo ...

SERS-based application in food analytics (Conference Presentation)

Science.gov (United States)

Cialla-May, Dana; Radu, Andreea; Jahn, Martin; Weber, Karina; Popp, Jürgen

2017-02-01

To establish detection schemes in life science applications, specific and sensitive methods allowing for fast detection times are required. Due to the interaction of molecules with strong electromagnetic fields excited at metallic nanostructures, the molecular fingerprint specific Raman spectrum is increased by several orders of magnitude. This effect is described as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and became a very powerful analytical tool in many fields of application. Within this presentation, we will introduce innovative bottom-up strategies to prepare SERS-active nanostructures coated with a lipophilic sensor layer. To do so, the food colorant Sudan III, an indirect carcinogen substance found in chili powder, palm oil or spice mixtures, is detected quantitatively in the background of the competitor riboflavin as well as paprika powder extracts. The SERS-based detection of azorubine (E122) in commercial available beverages with different complexity (e.g. sugar content, alcohol concentration) illustrates the strong potential of SERS as a qualitative as well as semiquantitative prescan method in food analytics. Here, a good agreement between the estimated concentration employing SERS as well as the gold standard technique HPLC, a highly laborious method, is found. Finally, SERS is applied to detect vitamin B2 and B12 in cereals as well as the estimate the ratio of lycopene and β-carotene in tomatoes. Acknowledgement: Funding the projects "QuantiSERS" and "Jenaer Biochip Initiative 2.0" within the framework "InnoProfile Transfer - Unternehmen Region" the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (BMBF) is gratefully acknowledged.

El diálogo de saberes en investigaciones de ecología urbana: narrativas locales, cotidianidad e interdisciplinariedad

OpenAIRE

Dayana Ortiz; Williams González

2017-01-01

El modelo de desarrollo económico global sobre el cual se sustentan las ciudades en la actualidad ha devenido en procesos metabólicos que impactan negativamente las condiciones de vida del ser humano en el entramado ecológico urbano. Con base en esta problemática, han emergido campos de investigación que intentan abordar los estudios urbanos desde enfoques que profundicen situaciones complejas, entre los cuales puede ubicarse la ecología urbana. Así, partiendo de algunos postulados de la ecol...

Genetic diversity in rosewood saplings (Aniba rosaeodora ducke, Lauraceae: an ecological approach Diversidade genética em plantas jovens de Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, Lauraceae: uma abordagem ecológica

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Ronaldo Pereira Santos

2008-12-01

Full Text Available This article takes an ecological approach to the genetic diversity of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke in a central Amazonian terra firme forest north of Manaus. Planted Rosewood setting, under partial shaded canopy, were assessed in terms of fruiting production, frugivory, and seed dispersal. Using RAPD molecular analysis procedures, the influence of the spatial distribution of adult trees on the genetic diversity (polymorphism of saplings was assessed with genetic samples from 34 reproductive trees and 60 saplings. The density and distribution patterns the reproductive trees did not modify the sapling"s diversity (1.86%, AMOVA. Two types of adult tree dispersion were identified; i clumped and ii more widely dispersed. Polymorphism (77.5% and gene flow were high between these. Although more sapling genetic variability in areas with a higher density of mature plants was not as high as expected, density did not affect the genetic diversity of samplings, indicating a high incidence of gene flow amongst trees. In planted Rosewood population (surrounded by low disturbed forest, fruiting trees experienced a high level of removal of seeds by toucans (Rhamphastidae, about of 50%. The high gene flow found among native trees suggested that toucans, promoting seed rain at short and long distances from maternal trees, actively contribute to the maintenance of genetic diversity within wild rosewood populations.Dados genéticos e ecológicos foram obtidos do Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke em uma floresta de terra firme localizada ao norte de Manaus. Em um sistema de plantio composto de plantas sob sombreamento parcial, foram analisados dados de frugivoria, produção de frutos e dispersão. Numa população natural, com 34 plantas adultas e 60 jovens, foi analisada a influência da distribuição espacial das plantas adultas na diversidade genética (polimorfismo das jovens utilizando o marcador molecular RAPD. O modelo de distribuição e densidade das

Graphene-Plasmonic Hybrid Platform for Label-Free SERS Biomedical Detection

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Pu

Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has attracted explosive interest for the wealth of vibrational information it provides with minimal invasive effects to target analyte. Nanotechnology, especially in the form of noble metal nanoparticles exhibit unique electromagnetic and chemical characteristics that are explored to realize ultra-sensitive SERS detection in chemical and biological analysis. Graphene, atom-thick carbon monolayer, exhibits superior chemical stability and bio-compatibility. A combination of SERS-active metal nanostructures and graphene will create various synergies in SERS. The main objective of this research was to exploit the applications of the graphene-Au tip hybrid platform in SERS. The hybrid platform consists of a periodic Au nano-pyramid substrate to provide reproducible plasmonic enhancement, and the superimposed monolayer graphene sheet, serving as "built-in" Raman marker. Extensive theoretical and experimental studies were conducted to determine the potentials of the hybrid platform as SERS substrate. Results from both Finite-Domain Time-Domain (FDTD) numerical simulation and Raman scattering of graphene suggested that the hybrid platform boosted a high density of hotspots yielding 1000 times SERS enhancement of graphene bands. Ultra-high sensitivity of the hybrid platform was demonstrated by bio-molecules including dye, protein and neurotransmitters. Dopamine and serotonin can be detected and distinguished at 10-9 M concentration in the presence of human body fluid. Single molecule detection was obtained using a bi-analyte technique. Graphene supported a vibration mode dependent SERS chemical enhancement of ˜10 to the analyte. Quantitative evaluation of hotspots was presented using spatially resolved Raman mapping of graphene SERS enhancement. Graphene plays a crucial role in quantifying SERS hotspots and paves the path for defining SERS EF that could be universally applied to various SERS systems. A reproducible and statistically

Ser649 and Ser650 are the major determinants of protein kinase A-mediated activation of human hormone-sensitive lipase against lipid substrates

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krintel, Christian; Osmark, Peter; Larsen, Martin Røssel

2008-01-01

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from stored triacylglycerols. Its activity is regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation. In rat HSL Ser563, Ser659 and Ser660 have been shown to be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro as well...

Valor ambiental em uma perspectiva heterodoxa institucional-ecológica: an institutional-ecological heterodox perspective Environmental value

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Maurício de Carvalho Amazona

2009-04-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho discute a perspectiva de valoração ambiental a partir de fundamentos heterodoxos, numa abordagem aqui denominada institucional-ecológica. Inicia-se pela identificação das principais limitações da abordagem neoclássica e suas correspondentes proposições de valoração, particularmente tendo-se em vista o desafio posto pelo critério de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Em seguida, busca resgatar princípios propositivos de abordagens heterodoxas, particularmente nas formulações do campo teórico institucionalista e do campo teórico da economia ecológica, como elementos de potencial integração analítica para a constituição de uma conceituação heterodoxa de valores ambientais. Por fim, o trabalho propõe, a partir de uma discussão sobre o processo de formação e internalização dos valores ambientais e desse potencial de integração analítica, bases de constituição de uma abordagem institucional-ecológica para interpretação da valoração ambiental e, dentro dessa perspectiva, discute ao final qual o escopo de aplicação dos métodos de valoração correntemente utilizados pela Economia Ambiental Neoclássica.This article discusses an environmental valuation perspective, based on heterodox foundations, in an approach here called institutional-ecological. First, it is identified the main limits of neoclassical approach and its corresponding valuation propositions, specially having in mind the challenge placed by Sustainable Development criteria. After, it seeks to bring up propositive principles from heterodox approaches, particularly from formulations in the institutionalist field and ecological economics field. These are considered elements potentially able to analytical integration for the constitution of a heterodox framework for environmental values. Finally, based on a discussion on the process of environmental values constitution and internalization and on the so claimed analytical integration

El uso de especies vegetales exóticas como una estrategia de restauración ecológica

OpenAIRE

Maglianesi Sandoz, Maria Alejandra

2016-01-01

El presente artículo describe el desarrollo de programas de reforestación en Costa Rica y el uso de especies vegetales exóticas para la recuperación de tierras degradadas en los trópicos. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de las ventajas y desventajas del uso de estas especies en programas de restauración ecológica.

Recruitment and Workplace Integration of Men and Women Engineers in France: The Case of EPF Ecole D'ingénieurs Graduates

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Stevanovic, Biljana

2014-01-01

Based on "First Job" surveys conducted six months after graduation among graduates from 2000 to 2007 and semi-structured interviews, this paper examines the recruitment and workplace integration of women and men graduates from EPF Ecole d'Ingenieurs. The study's findings show that women engineering graduates from EPF generally have more…

United States Air Force Summer Research Program 1991. Summer Faculty Research Program (SFRP) Reports. Volume 5B. Wright Laboratory

Science.gov (United States)

1992-01-09

Design, Addison-Wesley, 1989. 28. Thompson, Peter M., Pro&m CC Version 4 Tutorial and User’s Guide. STI, November, 1988. 29. Bacon, BJ., Schmidt, D.K...6rd USG: pp -C Tre .ser ernv~rr..e--= i e _-es=--. zec --re. ENVI t-e tase .Be- -- Cvi-onmert ;cr cer’er,?’ L-e v..tr mscros tl%:t ar-iv’ec %t the prog

Ser lugar e ser território como experiências do ser-no-mundo: um exercício de existencialismo geográfico

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Angelo Serpa

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Este ensaio busca aprofundar uma abordagem existencialista dos conceitos de lugar e território assumindo o pressuposto de que eles remetem, antes de tudo, a experiências geográficas que ora se distinguem, ora se aproximam e carregam em si a marca do espaço vivido. Para esta análise, parte-se do conceito de geograficidade – a base pré-consciente e pré-conceitual da geografia – assumindo também que, antes de qualquer conceituação ou estratégia de representação conceitual, as pessoas são seres essencialmente espaciais e que viver é produzir/experienciar espaço. O ensaio está dividido em seis seções: a introdução, uma problematização da dialética entre interior e exterior e seu desdobramento numa abordagem de como lugar e território se exprimem como modos geográficos de existência no espaço público; nas duas últimas seções, reflete-se sobre o papel do corpo nos processos de apropriação do espaço e sobre como ser lugar e ser território se exprimem como facetas do ser-no-mundo em seu sentido mais político.

Security effectiveness review (SER)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kouprianova, I.; Ek, D.; Showalter, R.; Bergman, M.

1998-01-01

As part of the on-going DOE/Russian MPC and A activities at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE) and in order to provide a basis for planning MPC and A enhancements, an expedient method to review the effectiveness of the MPC and A system has been adopted. These reviews involve the identification of appropriate and cost-effective enhancements of facilities at IPPE. This effort requires a process that is thorough but far less intensive than a traditional vulnerability assessment. The SER results in a quick assessment of current and needed enhancements. The process requires preparation and coordination between US and Russian analysts before, during, and after information gathering at the facilities in order that the analysis is accurate, effective, and mutually agreeable. The goal of this paper is to discuss the SER process, including the objectives, time scale, and lessons learned at IPPE

and Au nanoparticles for SERS applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fazio Enza

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The morphological and optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles prepared by picosecond laser generated plasmas in water were investigated. First, the ablation efficiency was maximized searching the optimal focusing conditions. The nanoparticle size, measured by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, strongly depends on the laser fluence, keeping fixed the other deposition parameters such as the target to scanner objective distance and laser repetition frequency. STEM images indicate narrow gradients of NP sizes. Hence the optimization of ablation parameters favours a fine tuning of nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectroscopy helped to determine the appropriate laser wavelength to resonantly excite the localized surface plasmon to carry out Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS measurements. The SERS activity of Ag and Au substrates, obtained spraying the colloids synthesized in water, was tested using crystal violet as a probe molecule. The good SERS performance, observed at excitation wavelength 785 nm, is attributed to aggregation phenomena of nanoparticles sprayed on the support.

Arquitetura de terra: uma solução ecológica, econômica e auto sustentável / Earth architecture: an ecological, economic and self-sustainable solution

OpenAIRE

Arini, Ruy

2015-01-01

Trabalho enviado em 22 de fevereiro de 2015. Aceito em 25 de fevereiro de 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2015.15196Resumo Uma habitação construída com arquitetura de terra crua é caracterizada por conforto ambiental, boa resistência à compressão, durabilidade e custo econômico devido ao uso de tijolos e blocos ecológicos, que são curados a frio, eliminando a energia utilizada pelas indústrias para a sua produção e comercialização da cerâmica. O design ecológico de alvenaria permit...

International entrepreneurship and effectuation: the Yaguara Ecológico Coffee case

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Paula Porto

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the entrepreneur and the characteristics of the internationalization process for Yaguara Ecológico, a small Brazilian coffee producer, in the light of different theoretical approaches. A literature review was done with special attention given to the theories of International Entrepreneurship and Effectuation. This paper deals with the International New Venture phenomenon (OVIATT; McDOUGALL, 1994, and in order to understand the importance of entrepreneurs in a company's internationalization process, the Effectuation theory was chosen that offers alternatives to describe how they think and behave when starting a new venture (PERRY et.al., 2012. The research method used a single case study and in-depth interviews were conducted with company managers. The results suggest that the theories offer explanations for the company's internationalization activities; however, some characteristics of this trend did not adhere to the theoretical propositions.

Abelhas sem ferrão (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini da Estação Ecológica de Água Limpa, Cataguases-MG, Brasil.

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Hugo Werneck

2014-08-01

Stingless Bees of the Estação Ecológica de Água Limpa, Cataguases-MG, Brazil Abstract. This study carried out a survey of nests of stingless bees present in the Estação Ecológica de Água Limpa (EEAL in the municipality of Cataguases, Minas Gerais. We found twenty-one nests belonging to nine species: Friesella schrottkyi (Friese, Melipona bicolor Lepeletier, Plebeia sp. 1, Plebeia sp. 2, Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, Tetragona quadrangula (Fabricius, Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, Trigona hyalinata (Lepeletier, Trigona spinipes (Fabricius. Twenty of the 21 nests were found in arboreal substrate. The fauna of stingless bees observed in EEAL is represented by a low number of species. Although the local vegetation has the potential to provide substrates for nesting and floral resources, the low species richness may be related to the fact that the EEAL is an isolated forest remnant.

Saúde coletiva na perspectiva ecossistêmica: uma possibilidade de ações do enfermeiro Salud colectiva en perspectiva ecosistémica: una posibilidad de la acción de enfermeros Collective health in the ecosystemic perspective: a possibility of actions of the nurse

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Mateus Casanova dos Santos

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O arcabouço da saúde coletiva ao buscar estratégias de proteção ao meio ambiente desenvolve uma prática da consciência ecossistêmica. As práticas ecológicas reconhecem o direito do ser humano de viver em um ambiente saudável e adequado, e a ser informado sobre os riscos do ambiente em relação à saúde e seu bem-estar. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo tecer uma discussão teórico-reflexiva sobre a adoção das práticas ecológicas urbanas em comunidades e sua relação com a saúde coletiva e vislumbrar possibilidades de inserção das ações do enfermeiro neste espaço. As ações da dialogicidade, da discussão estimulativa, da aproximação do enfermeiro com o habitat do ser humano, são capazes de encontrar reciprocidade na saúde coletiva e ao enfoque ecossistêmico. O respeito as suas crenças e ao seu conhecer em relação as suas necessidades em saúde, pode traduzir-se, objetivamente, na promoção da consciência ecológica e do espírito coletivo voltado para a cidadania.El delineamiento de la salud colectiva al buscar estrategias de protección al medioambiente desarrolla una práctica de la consciencia ecosistémica. Las prácticas ecológicas reconocen el derecho del ser humano de vivir en un ambiente saludable y adecuado, y a ser informado sobre los riesgos del ambiente en relación a la salud y su bienestar. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo tejer una discusión teórico-reflexiva sobre la adopción de las prácticas ecológicas urbanas en comunidades y su relación con la salud colectiva y vislumbrar posibilidades de inserción de las acciones del enfermero en este espacio. Las acciones de la dialogicidad, de la discusión estimulativa, de la aproximación del enfermero con el hábitat del ser humano, son capaces de encontrar reciprocidad en la salud colectiva y al enfoque ecosistémico. El respeto a sus creencias y a su conocimiento en relación a sus necesidades en salud, puede traducirse

Dynamic phosphorylation of RelA on Ser42 and Ser45 in response to TNFα stimulation regulates DNA binding and transcription.

Science.gov (United States)

Lanucara, Francesco; Lam, Connie; Mann, Jelena; Monie, Tom P; Colombo, Stefano A P; Holman, Stephen W; Boyd, James; Dange, Manohar C; Mann, Derek A; White, Michael R H; Eyers, Claire E

2016-07-01

The NF-κB signalling module controls transcription through a network of protein kinases such as the IKKs, as well as inhibitory proteins (IκBs) and transcription factors including RelA/p65. Phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunits is critical for dictating system dynamics. Using both non-targeted discovery and quantitative selected reaction monitoring-targeted proteomics, we show that the cytokine TNFα induces dynamic multisite phosphorylation of RelA at a number of previously unidentified residues. Putative roles for many of these phosphorylation sites on RelA were predicted by modelling of various crystal structures. Stoichiometry of phosphorylation determination of Ser45 and Ser42 revealed preferential early phosphorylation of Ser45 in response to TNFα. Quantitative analyses subsequently confirmed differential roles for pSer42 and pSer45 in promoter-specific DNA binding and a role for both of these phosphosites in regulating transcription from the IL-6 promoter. These temporal dynamics suggest that RelA-mediated transcription is likely to be controlled by functionally distinct NF-κB proteoforms carrying different combinations of modifications, rather than a simple 'one modification, one effect' system. © 2016 The Authors.

Photonic Crystal Fibre SERS Sensors Based on Silver Nanoparticle Colloid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhi-Guo, Xie; Yong-Hua, Lu; Pei, Wang; Kai-Qun, Lin; Jie, Yan; Hai, Ming

2008-01-01

A photonic crystal fibre (PCF) surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor is developed based on silver nanoparticle colloid. Analyte solution and silver nanoparticles are injected into the air holes of PCF by a simple modified syringe to overcome mass-transport constraints, allowing more silver nanoparticles involved in SERS activity. This sensor offers significant benefit over the conventional SERS sensor with high flexibility, easy manufacture. We demonstrate the detection of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) molecules with the injecting way and the common dipping measurement. The injecting way shows obviously better results than the dipping one. Theoretical analysis indicates that this PCF SERS substrate offers enhancement of about 7 orders of magnitude in SERS active area

Fatores ecológicos associados à colonização e ao desenvolvimento de macrófitas aquáticas e desafios de manejo Ecological factors associated to aquatic macrophyte colonization and growth and management challenges

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S.M. Thomaz

2002-01-01

Full Text Available As macrófitas constituem-se em uma importante assembléia de ecossistemas aquáticos continentais, mas seu crescimento excessivo pode provocar danos aos usos múltiplos de alguns ambientes. Durante o processo de sucessão ecológica, a maioria dos ecossistemas aquáticos é colonizada, em diferentes graus, pela vegetação aquática. No entanto, explosões populacionais são usualmente decorrentes de ações antrópicas, como introduções de espécies exóticas e alterações de habitats. O conhecimento da ecologia e biologia das espécies de macrófitas que colonizam ecossistemas tropicais ainda é escasso. Entretanto, esse conhecimento é fundamental para a predição do desenvolvimento da vegetação aquática e para subsidiar as medidas de manejo, quando estas forem necessárias. Os métodos de controle e manejo são eficazes em pequenos ambientes e sua aplicação pode ser acompanhada por uma série de impactos ecológicos, nem sempre avaliados apropriadamente. O desenvolvimento de métodos com reduzidos impactos ambientais e que sejam eficientes em grandes ecossistemas é um desafio. Deve-se ainda considerar que, embora em algumas situações o manejo seja necessário no sentido de reduzir uma parcela das populações de macrófitas, em outras ele deveria ser utilizado para estimular a colonização e o incremento desta vegetação.The aquatic macrophytes have been considered an important community in freshwater ecosystems. However, their excessive colonization and growth usually cause serious impacts on multiple use of these ecosystems. Most aquatic environments are colonized at different degrees by aquatic plants in some phase of ecological succession. Nevertheless, massive growth is usually associated with anthropogenic actions such as introduction of alien species and habitats of alterations. Knowledge about ecology and biology of the species that colonize tropical ecosystems is still scarce. This knowledge is fundamental to predict

Single molecule SERS: Perspectives of analytical applications

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vlčková, B.; Pavel, I.; Sládková, M.; Šišková, K.; Šlouf, Miroslav

834-836, - (2007), s. 42-47 ISSN 0022-2860. [European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy /28./. Istanbul, 03.09.2006-08.09.2006] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/04/0688 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Keywords : surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) * surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERRS) * single molecule SERS Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry Impact factor: 1.486, year: 2007

Ordenamiento ecológico y ordenamiento territorial: retos para la gestión del desarrollo regional sustentable en el siglo XXI

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Pablo Wong-González

2010-01-01

Full Text Available América Latina, se reconoce que a pesar de los avances en la materia, la planificación tradicional en general y los programas de ordenamiento ecológico y territorial en particular, éstos últimos como instrumentos de gestión ambiental directamente ligados al uso del suelo, los esfuerzos han sido preferentemente indicativos y no han estado respaldados políticamente con una aplicación eficaz. El objetivo de este ensayo es llevar a cabo una reflexión analítica de las fuerzas generadoras de cambio y megatendencias que están impactando los procesos de planeación territorial y contribuir a la discusión de alternativas. Para ello se toman como referencia los principales programas de ordenamiento ligados al territorio en México: el Ordenamiento Ecológico y el Ordenamiento Territorial. Se argumenta que por sí mismos ambos ordenamientos, debido a su orientación fundamentalmente sectorial urbana- asentamientos humanos el segundo-, no pueden constituirse en sustitutos de una política comprehensiva de desarrollo regionalterritorial sustentable.

Why the dimension matters in ecological models? ¿Por qué importa la dimensión en modelos ecológicos?

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Rodrigo Ramos-Jiliberto

2004-12-01

Full Text Available In this work we discuss the ecological and mathematical significance of system's dimension in continuous-time population dynamics models. We show how the system's dimension reflects the ecological assumptions and affects both the spectrum of dynamic output and mathematical tractability of the models. We stress that the model dimension is not always the same as the number of state-variables, and we also present conditions under which the system's dimension is alteredEn este trabajo discutimos la significación ecológica y matemática de la dimensión del sistema en modelos de dinámica poblacional en tiempo continuo. Mostramos cómo la dimensión del sistema refleja los supuestos ecológicos y afecta el espectro de resultados dinámicos así como la tratabilidad matemática de los modelos. Acentuamos que la dimensión de un modelo no es siempre equivalente al número de variables de estado, y presentamos condiciones bajo las cuales la dimensión del sistema es alterada.

Development of SERS active fibre sensors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polwart, Ewan

2002-01-01

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is sensitive and selective and when coupled with fibre-optics could potentially produce an effective chemical sensing system. This thesis concerns the development of a single-fibre-based sensor, with an integral SERS-active substrate. A number of different methods for the manufacture of SERS-active surfaces on glass substrates were investigated and compared. The immobilisation of metal nanoparticles on glass functionalised with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane emerged as a suitable approach for the production of sensors. Substrates prepared by this approach were characterised using UV-visible spectroscopy, electron microscopy and Raman mapping. It was found that exposure of substrates to laser radiation led to a decrease in the signal recorded from adsorbed analytes. This speed of the decrease was shown to depend on the analyte, and the exciting wavelength and power. SERS-active fibre sensors were produced by immobilisation of silver nanoparticles at the distal end of a (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane-derivatised optical fibre. These sensors were used to obtain spectra with good signal to noise ratios from 4-(benzotriazol-5-ylazo)-3,5-dimethoxyphenylamine and crystal violet. Sensing of dyes in effluent was also investigated. The development of sensors for the measurement of pH, by treating the SERS-active fibre tip with pH sensitive dyes is also described. Spectral changes were observed with these sensors as a response to the pH. Partial least squares regression was used to produce linear calibration models for the pH range 5-11 from which it was possible to predict the pH with an accuracy of ∼0.2 pH units. Some of the limitations of these sensors were explored. The feasibility of using these sensors for measurement of oxygen and thiols, was investigated. The measurement of oxygen using methylene blue as a transducer was demonstrated. Two transduction methodologies--reactions with iron porphyrins and pyrrole-2,5-diones

Advanced Gas Sensors Using SERS-Activated Waveguides

Science.gov (United States)

Lascola, Robert; McWhorter, Scott; Murph, Simona Hunyadi

2010-08-01

This contribution describes progress towards the development and testing of a functionalized capillary that will provide detection of low-concentration gas-phase analytes through SERS. Measurement inside a waveguide allows interrogation of a large surface area, potentially overcoming the short distance dependence of the SERS effect. The possible use of Raman spectroscopy for gas detection is attractive for IR-inactive molecules or scenarios where infrared technology is inconvenient. However, the weakness of Raman scattering limits the use of the technique to situations where low detection limits are not required or large gas pressures are present. With surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), signal enhancements of 106 are often claimed, and higher values are seen in specific instances. However, most of the examples of SERS analysis are on liquid-phase samples, where the molecular density is high, usually combined with some sort of sample concentration at the surface. Neither of these factors is present in gas-phase samples. Because the laser is focused to a small point in the typical experimental setup, and the spatial extent of the effect above the surface is small (microns), the excitation volume is miniscule. Thus, exceptionally large enhancements are required to generate a signal comparable to that obtained by conventional Raman measurements. A reflective waveguide offers a way to increase the interaction volume of the laser with a SERS-modified surface. The use of a waveguide to enhance classical Raman measurements was recently demonstrated by S.M. Angel and coworkers, who obtained 12- to 30-fold sensitivity improvements for nonabsorbing gases (CO2, CH4) with a silvered capillary (no SERS enhancement). Shi et al.. demonstrated 10-to 100-fold enhancement of aqueous Rhodamine 6G in a capillary coated with silver nanoparticles. They observed enhancements of 10- to 100-fold compared to direct sampling, but this relied on a "double substrate", which required

Superhydrophobic Ag nanostructures on polyaniline membranes with strong SERS enhancement.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Weiyu; Miao, Peng; Xiong, Lu; Du, Yunchen; Han, Xijiang; Xu, Ping

2014-11-07

We demonstrate here a facile fabrication of n-dodecyl mercaptan-modified superhydrophobic Ag nanostructures on polyaniline membranes for molecular detection based on SERS technique, which combines the superhydrophobic condensation effect and the high enhancement factor. It is calculated that the as-fabricated superhydrophobic substrate can exhibit a 21-fold stronger molecular condensation, and thus further amplifies the SERS signal to achieve more sensitive detection. The detection limit of the target molecule, methylene blue (MB), on this superhydrophobic substrate can be 1 order of magnitude higher than that on the hydrophilic substrate. With high reproducibility, the feasibility of using this SERS-active superhydrophobic substrate for quantitative molecular detection is explored. A partial least squares (PLS) model was established for the quantification of MB by SERS, with correlation coefficient R(2) = 95.1% and root-mean-squared error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.226. We believe this superhydrophobic SERS substrate can be widely used in trace analysis due to its facile fabrication, high signal reproducibility and promising SERS performance.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) fabrics for trace analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Jun; Zhou, Ji; Tang, Bin; Zeng, Tian; Li, Yaling; Li, Jingliang; Ye, Yong; Wang, Xungai

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Gold nanoparticles are in-situ synthesized on silk fabrics by heating. • Flexible silk fabrics with gold nanoparticles are used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). • SERS activities of silk fabrics with different gold contents are investigated. - Abstract: Flexible SERS active substrates were prepared by modification of silk fabrics with gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized after heating the silk fabrics immersed in gold ion solution. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of the treated silk fabrics varied as the concentration of gold ions changed, in relation to the morphologies of gold nanoparticles on silk. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to observe the structure of the gold nanoparticle treated silk fabrics. The SERS enhancement effect of the silk fabrics treated with gold nanoparticles was evaluated by collecting Raman signals of different concentrations of p-aminothiophenol (PATP), 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPy) and crystal violet (CV) solutions. The results demonstrate that the silk fabrics corresponding to 0.3 and 0.4 mM of gold ions possess high SERS activity compared to the other treated fabrics. It is suggested that both the gold content and morphologies of gold nanoparticles dominate the SERS effect of the treated silk fabrics.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) fabrics for trace analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Jun [National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073 (China); Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education & College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China); Zhou, Ji [Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education & College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China); Tang, Bin, E-mail: bin.tang@deakin.edu.au [National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073 (China); Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216 (Australia); Zeng, Tian; Li, Yaling [Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education & College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China); Li, Jingliang [Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216 (Australia); Ye, Yong, E-mail: yeyong@hubu.edu.cn [Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education & College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China); Wang, Xungai [National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073 (China); Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216 (Australia)

2016-11-15

Highlights: • Gold nanoparticles are in-situ synthesized on silk fabrics by heating. • Flexible silk fabrics with gold nanoparticles are used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). • SERS activities of silk fabrics with different gold contents are investigated. - Abstract: Flexible SERS active substrates were prepared by modification of silk fabrics with gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized after heating the silk fabrics immersed in gold ion solution. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of the treated silk fabrics varied as the concentration of gold ions changed, in relation to the morphologies of gold nanoparticles on silk. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to observe the structure of the gold nanoparticle treated silk fabrics. The SERS enhancement effect of the silk fabrics treated with gold nanoparticles was evaluated by collecting Raman signals of different concentrations of p-aminothiophenol (PATP), 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPy) and crystal violet (CV) solutions. The results demonstrate that the silk fabrics corresponding to 0.3 and 0.4 mM of gold ions possess high SERS activity compared to the other treated fabrics. It is suggested that both the gold content and morphologies of gold nanoparticles dominate the SERS effect of the treated silk fabrics.

Cyanuric acid hydrolase from Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571: crystal structure and insights into a new class of Ser-Lys dyad proteins.

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Seunghee Cho

Full Text Available Cyanuric acid hydrolase (CAH catalyzes the hydrolytic ring-opening of cyanuric acid (2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine, an intermediate in s-triazine bacterial degradation and a by-product from disinfection with trichloroisocyanuric acid. In the present study, an X-ray crystal structure of the CAH-barbituric acid inhibitor complex from Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571 has been determined at 2.7 Å resolution. The CAH protein fold consists of three structurally homologous domains forming a β-barrel-like structure with external α-helices that result in a three-fold symmetry, a dominant feature of the structure and active site that mirrors the three-fold symmetrical shape of the substrate cyanuric acid. The active site structure of CAH is similar to that of the recently determined AtzD with three pairs of active site Ser-Lys dyads. In order to determine the role of each Ser-Lys dyad in catalysis, a mutational study using a highly sensitive, enzyme-coupled assay was conducted. The 10⁹-fold loss of activity by the S226A mutant was at least ten times lower than that of the S79A and S333A mutants. In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the Ser226/Lys156 dyad as the only absolutely conserved dyad in the CAH/barbiturase family. These data suggest that Lys156 activates the Ser226 nucleophile which can then attack the substrate carbonyl. Our combination of structural, mutational, and bioinformatics analyses differentiates this study and provides experimental data for mechanistic insights into this unique protein family.

Antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein hydrolysates produced by the proteases AFP, HT, Pro-G, actinidin and zingibain.

Science.gov (United States)

Teh, Sue-Siang; Bekhit, Alaa El-Din A; Carne, Alan; Birch, John

2016-07-15

Hemp protein isolates (HPIs) were hydrolysed by proteases (AFP, HT, ProG, actinidin and zingibain). The enzymatic hydrolysis of HPIs was evaluated through the degree of hydrolysis and SDS-PAGE profiles. The bioactive properties of the resultant hydrolysates (HPHs) were accessed through ORAC, DPPḢ scavenging and ACE-inhibitory activities. The physical properties of the resultant HPHs were evaluated for their particle sizes, zeta potential and surface hydrophobicity. HT had the highest rate of caseinolytic activity at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg mL(-1)) compared to other proteases that required concentration of 100 mg mL(-1) to achieve their maximum rate of caseinolytic activity. This led to the highest degree of hydrolysis of HPIs by HT in the SDS-PAGE profiles. Among all proteases and substrates, HT resulted in the highest bioactivities (ORAC, DPPḢ scavenging and ACE-inhibitory activities) generated from alkali extracted HPI in the shortest time (2 h) compared to the other protease preparations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

SERS substrates for in-situ biosensing (Conference Presentation)

Science.gov (United States)

Venugopalan, Priyamvada; Quilis, Nestor; Jakub, Dostalek; Wolfgang, Knoll

2017-06-01

Abstract: Recent years have seen a rapid progress in the field of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) which is attributed to the thriving field of plasmonics [1]. SERS is a susceptible technique that can address basic scientific questions and technological problems. In both cases, it is highly dependent upon the plasmonic substrate, where excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonance enhances the vibrational scattering signal of the analyte molecules adsorbed on to the surface [2]. In this work, using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method we investigate the optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures with tuned plasmonic resonances as a function of dielectric environment and geometric parameters. An optimized geometry will be discussed based on the plasmonic resonant position and the SERS intensity. These SERS substrates will be employed for the detection of changes in conformation caused by interactions between an aptamer and analyte molecules. This will be done by using a microfluidic channel designed within the configuration of the lab-on-a-chip concept based on the intensity changes of the SERS signal. More efficient and reproducible results are obtained for such a quantitative measurement of analytes at low concentration levels. We will also demonstrate that the plasmonic substrates fabricated by top down approach such as e-beam lithography (EBL) and laser interference lithography (LIL) are highly reproducible, robust and can result in high electric field enhancement. Our results demonstrate the potential to use SERS substrates for highly sensitive detection schemes opening up the window for a wide range of applications including biomedical diagnostics, forensic investigation etc. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), project NANOBIOSENSOR (I 2647). References: [1] J. N. Anker, W. P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N. C. Shah, J. Zhao and R. P. V. Duyne., " Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors," Nature

Criando contextos ecológicos de desenvolvimento e direitos humanos para adolescentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula Lazzaretti de Souza

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Neste estudo descreve-se a aplicação do método de Inserção Ecológica em um programa de intervenção para educação em direitos humanos e protagonismo juvenil para adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. A criação de um microssistema constituído pelos participantes e pela equipe executora do programa resulta em mudanças positivas de comportamento e respeito às regras, entre outros. Estas transformações surgem em consonância com a proposta da Abordagem Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, sobre a influência do ambiente. Este estudo reforça a importância da aplicação dos resultados em políticas públicas e sociais.

SERS substrates fabricated using ceramic filters for the detection of bacteria

Science.gov (United States)

Mosier-Boss, P. A.; Sorensen, K. C.; George, R. D.; Obraztsova, A.

2016-01-01

SERS substrates were fabricated by filtering either Ag or Au colloidal particles onto rigid, ceramic filters - onto which suspensions of bacteria were then filtered. SERS spectra of the bacteria were obtained using a Raman spectrometer that has an 'orbital raster scan' capability. It was shown that bacteria samples prepared in this manner were uniformly distributed onto the surface of the SERS substrate. The effect of common buffer systems on the SERS spectra was investigated and the utility of using the SERS technique for speciation of bacteria was explored.

Percepción local de los servicios ecológicos y de bienestar de la selva de la zona maya en Quintana Roo, México

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Karla Diana Infante Ramírez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio evalúa la percepción local sobre los servicios ecológicos y de bienestar de la selva en comunidades de la zona maya del centro de Quintana Roo. Se trabajó con seis unidades de paisaje, las cuales fueron delimitadas con la participación de habitantes de las comunidades y con una revisión de literatura. Para identificar los servicios que perciben las comunidades de la selva, se utilizaron entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, observación participante, entrevistas a profundidad y talleres comunitarios. Los resultados muestran que los entrevistados identificaron servicios de provisión, de regulación y mantenimiento, y culturales. En particular, percibieron más servicios ecológicos en las unidades del “monte alto” y el “acahual de 20 años” o más, mientras que la “sabana” fue identificada como la que menos servicios les proporciona. Además, a partir de la teoría de los estudios de desarrollo, el estudio identifica las tres dimensiones del concepto de “bienestar humano”: la material, la relacional y la subjetiva, y logra presentar la relación de éstas con los servicios ecológicos percibidos por las comunidades estudiadas. Los resultados muestran una clara interacción sociedad maya-naturaleza y son útiles para orientar la toma de decisiones en el manejo de los recursos naturales, tanto a nivel comunitario como gubernamental.

Nueva especie del genero Buenoa Kirkaldy (Hemiptera, notonectidae con clave para especies y notas ecológicas

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Padilla Gil Dora N.

1992-06-01

Full Text Available Se incluyen las especies del género Buenoa encontradas en el Departamento de Cundinamarca con un rango altitudinal entre
los 1728 y 3000 m.s.n.m. y descipción de la especie Buenoa cucunubensis n. sp., además clave para determinar especies y algunos datos ecológicos.Four species of genus Buenoa are recorded from Cundinamarca province in Colombia, Buenos cucunubensis nov. spec. is
described. Also included are key to males, data on distribution and ecological information.

Anurans of the Reserva Ecológica da Michelin, Municipality of Igrapiúna, State of Bahia, Brazil

OpenAIRE

Camurugi, Felipe; Lima, Tasso Meneses; Mercês, Ednei de Almeida; Juncá, Flora Acuña

2010-01-01

We studied the richness and distribution of anuran species on different breeding sites at the Reserva Ecológica da Michelin (13° 50' S and 39° 10' W, approximately 90-400 m above sea level), Municipality of Igrapiúna, Bahia State, Brazil. The reserve includes fragments of Atlantic Rain Forest varying from 140 to 650 ha. Five types of environments were sampled: leaf litter inside forest fragments, streams inside forest fragments, dam on the edge of forest fragment, temporary pond inside forest...

Development of optimized nanogap plasmonic substrate for improved SERS enhancement

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Jayakumar Perumal

2017-05-01

Full Text Available SERS enhancement factor (EF of planar substrates depends on the size and shape of the fine nanostructure forming a defect free, well-arranged matrix. Nano-lithographic process is considered to be the most advanced methods employed for the fabrication SERS substrates. Nanostructured plasmonic substrates with nanogap (NG pattern often results in stable, efficient and reproducible SERS enhancement. For such substrates, NG and their diagonal length (DL need to be optimized. Theoretically smaller NGs (∼30-40 nm or smaller results in higher SERS enhancement. However, fabrication of NG substrates below such limit is a challenge even for the most advanced lithography process. In this context, herein, we report the optimization of fabrication process, where higher SERS enhancement can be realized from larger NGs substrates by optimizing their DL of nanostructures between the NGs. Based on simulation we could demonstrate that, by optimizing the DL, SERS enhancement from larger NG substrate such as 60 and 80 nm could be comparable to that of smaller (40nm NG substrates. We envision that this concept will open up new regime in the nanofabrication of practically feasible NG based plasmonic substrates with higher SERS enhancement. Initial results of our experiments are in close agreement with our simulated study.

Analytical characterization using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic sampling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Chao; Yu, Chenxu

2015-01-01

With the rapid development of analytical techniques, it has become much easier to detect chemical and biological analytes, even at very low detection limits. In recent years, techniques based on vibrational spectroscopy, such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), have been developed for non-destructive detection of pathogenic microorganisms. SERS is a highly sensitive analytical tool that can be used to characterize chemical and biological analytes interacting with SERS-active substrates. However, it has always been a challenge to obtain consistent and reproducible SERS spectroscopic results at complicated experimental conditions. Microfluidics, a tool for highly precise manipulation of small volume liquid samples, can be used to overcome the major drawbacks of SERS-based techniques. High reproducibility of SERS measurement could be obtained in continuous flow generated inside microfluidic devices. This article provides a thorough review of the principles, concepts and methods of SERS-microfluidic platforms, and the applications of such platforms in trace analysis of chemical and biological analytes. (topical review)

TLC-SERS Plates with a Built-In SERS Layer Consisting of Cap-Shaped Noble Metal Nanoparticles Intended for Environmental Monitoring and Food Safety Assurance

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H. Takei

2015-01-01

Full Text Available We report on a thin layer chromatograph (TLC with a built-in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS layer for in-situ identification of chemical species separated by TLC. Our goal is to monitor mixture samples or diluted target molecules suspended in a host material, as happens often in environmental monitoring or detection of food additives. We demonstrate that the TLC-SERS can separate mixture samples and provide in-situ SERS spectra. One sample investigated was a mixture consisting of equal portions of Raman-active chemical species, rhodamine 6 G (R6G, crystal violet (CV, and 1,2-di(4-pyridylethylene (BPE. The three components could be separated and their SERS spectra were obtained from different locations. Another sample was skim milk with a trace amount of melamine. Without development, no characteristic peaks were observed, but after development, a peak was observed at 694 cm−1. Unlike previous TLC-SERS whereby noble metal nanoparticles are added after development of a sample, having a built-in SERS layer greatly facilitates analysis as well as maintaining high uniformity of noble metal nanoparticles.

SERS Engineering Collaboration

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-01

laser beam. In the second approach, a pulsed laser was used to texture a silicon wafer to form sharp features. Silver was evaporated onto the wafer...orders of magnitude larger than that measured on a gold nanoparticle array on a glass substrate. The largest SERS enhancement for a silver device was...surface plasmons," Yizhuo Chu and Kenneth B. Crozier, Optics Letters vol. 34, 244 (2009) K3. "Gold nanorings as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman

CisSERS: Customizable In Silico Sequence Evaluation for Restriction Sites.

Science.gov (United States)

Sharpe, Richard M; Koepke, Tyson; Harper, Artemus; Grimes, John; Galli, Marco; Satoh-Cruz, Mio; Kalyanaraman, Ananth; Evans, Katherine; Kramer, David; Dhingra, Amit

2016-01-01

High-throughput sequencing continues to produce an immense volume of information that is processed and assembled into mature sequence data. Data analysis tools are urgently needed that leverage the embedded DNA sequence polymorphisms and consequent changes to restriction sites or sequence motifs in a high-throughput manner to enable biological experimentation. CisSERS was developed as a standalone open source tool to analyze sequence datasets and provide biologists with individual or comparative genome organization information in terms of presence and frequency of patterns or motifs such as restriction enzymes. Predicted agarose gel visualization of the custom analyses results was also integrated to enhance the usefulness of the software. CisSERS offers several novel functionalities, such as handling of large and multiple datasets in parallel, multiple restriction enzyme site detection and custom motif detection features, which are seamlessly integrated with real time agarose gel visualization. Using a simple fasta-formatted file as input, CisSERS utilizes the REBASE enzyme database. Results from CisSERS enable the user to make decisions for designing genotyping by sequencing experiments, reduced representation sequencing, 3'UTR sequencing, and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) molecular markers for large sample sets. CisSERS is a java based graphical user interface built around a perl backbone. Several of the applications of CisSERS including CAPS molecular marker development were successfully validated using wet-lab experimentation. Here, we present the tool CisSERS and results from in-silico and corresponding wet-lab analyses demonstrating that CisSERS is a technology platform solution that facilitates efficient data utilization in genomics and genetics studies.

por láser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mayra Garcimuño

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo, la técnica Espectroscopia de plasmas producidos por láser (Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy –LIBS– se aplicó a la determinación cuan- titativa de Na en agua natural dulce, de interés en agricultura para el estudio de la alcalinidad de aguas de regadío. Para efectuar el análisis, se prepararon soluciones con concentraciones conocidas del analito, se mezclaron con óxido de calcio y se compactaron en pastillas sólidas. Los plasmas se produjeron en aire a presión atmos- férica utilizando un láser pulsado Nd:YAG. Se construyó una curva de calibración y se calculó el límite de detección. Se analizaron muestras de agua natural y los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos mediante espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Se demostró la factibilidad del método para la determinación de Na en agua natural dulce.

Historia de una coma. Gadamer y el sentido del ser

OpenAIRE

Vattimo, Gianni

2005-01-01

A partir de la doble posibilidad de traducir en las lenguas románicas la expresión gadameriana «Sein, das verstanden werden kann, ist Sprache» como «El ser, que puede ser comprendido, es lenguaje» o como «El ser que puede ser comprendido es lenguaje», se consideran las importantes repercusiones ontológicas que tendría una interpretación más moderada (y más habitual) de ese enunciado (la primera exhibida), o una lectura más radical y nihilista (la que aquí se defiende) del mismo (la ...

Superhydrophobic SERS substrates based on silicon hierarchical nanostructures

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Xuexian; Wen, Jinxiu; Zhou, Jianhua; Zheng, Zebo; An, Di; Wang, Hao; Xie, Weiguang; Zhan, Runze; Xu, Ningsheng; Chen, Jun; She, Juncong; Chen, Huanjun; Deng, Shaozhi

2018-02-01

Silicon nanostructures have been cultivated as promising surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates in terms of their low-loss optical resonance modes, facile functionalization, and compatibility with today’s state-of-the-art CMOS techniques. However, unlike their plasmonic counterparts, the electromagnetic field enhancements induced by silicon nanostructures are relatively small, which restrict their SERS sensing limit to around 10-7 M. To tackle this problem, we propose here a strategy for improving the SERS performance of silicon nanostructures by constructing silicon hierarchical nanostructures with a superhydrophobic surface. The hierarchical nanostructures are binary structures consisted of silicon nanowires (NWs) grown on micropyramids (MPs). After being modified with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOT), the nanostructure surface shows a stable superhydrophobicity with a high contact angle of ˜160°. The substrate can allow for concentrating diluted analyte solutions into a specific area during the evaporation of the liquid droplet, whereby the analytes are aggregated into a small volume and can be easily detected by the silicon nanostructure SERS substrate. The analyte molecules (methylene blue: MB) enriched from an aqueous solution lower than 10-8 M can be readily detected. Such a detection limit is ˜100-fold lower than the conventional SERS substrates made of silicon nanostructures. Additionally, the detection limit can be further improved by functionalizing gold nanoparticles onto silicon hierarchical nanostructures, whereby the superhydrophobic characteristics and plasmonic field enhancements can be combined synergistically to give a detection limit down to ˜10-11 M. A gold nanoparticle-functionalized superhydrophobic substrate was employed to detect the spiked melamine in liquid milk. The results showed that the detection limit can be as low as 10-5 M, highlighting the potential of the proposed superhydrophobic SERS substrate in

Entre la economía política de Karl Marx y la economía ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julián Sabogal Tamayo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo intenta contribuir a la discusión sobre las diferencias y afinidades entre la economía política de Marx y la economía ecológica. Se centra en las diferencias de objetivos, de temas de estudio y de métodos. También señala los puntos de convergencia y la necesidad de la solidaridad y del aprendizaje mutuo.

De perceptos a frames: cognição ecológica e linguagem

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Paulo Henrique Duque

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, proponho uma abordagem ecológica de cognição e linguagem, demonstrando que os processos de conceptualização parecem emergir da interação organismo-ambiente. Tal abordagem cognitiva exige a coordenação dos dois extremos dessa emergência e a consideração de que o uso da linguagem inevitavelmente envolve tanto os processos iniciais de interação do organismo com o ambiente quanto as estruturas e os processos que emergem dessas interações. De acordo com a abordagem aqui proposta, desenvolvemos conceitos e reorientamos nossos pensamentos sobre o mundo por meio de um mecanismo conhecido como framing, isto é, o recurso discursivo-cognitivo de que dispomos para (remodelar circuitos neurais (ou frames.

Modernización ecológica y políticas ambientales: notas para un debate (Brasil).

OpenAIRE

Olivier, Alejandro Gabriel; Domínguez, Carlos Federico

2011-01-01

El propósito del presente artículo es explorar conceptualmente la teoría de la modernización ecológica. Se trata de demostrar que dicha teoría, inicialmente sustentada por autores tales como Joseph Huber y Marteen Jänicke, y con desarrollos conceptuales más complejos a partir de los trabajos de Arthur Mol y Gert Spaargarem, entre otros, puede conducir a una revisión sustancial en la percepción, en la formulación y en la implementación de las políticas ambientales. El artículo concluye con el ...

Caudal ecológico del río Chambas en la provincia Ciego de Ávila

OpenAIRE

Brown Manrique, Oscar; Gallardo Ballat, Yurisbel; Williams Harriote, Patricio W.; Torres Martínez, Yuneisi

2016-01-01

La investigación se desarrolló en el río Chambas de la provincia Ciego de Ávila con el objetivo de determinar el caudal ecológico mediante cinco metodologías: Curva de Permanencia de Caudales, Rafael Heras, Tennant, Franquet y Perímetro Mojado. Se analizó una serie de 21 años de gastos medios mensuales en el periodo comprendido de 1976 al 1986, obtenidos de la estación hidrométrica Puente Circuito Norte. Los principales resultados demostraron que los caudales promedios del río Chambas present...

PSICAMB: perfil de afinidade ecológica: um estudo sobre os indicadores da postura perante a natureza = Ecological affinity profile: a study on indicators of positions towards nature = Perfil de la conectividad ecológica: un estudio sobre los indicadores de posicionamiento frente a la naturaleza

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa, Daniele da Costa Cunha Borges

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve o objetivo de propor indicadores de um perfil de afinidade ecológica, avaliar sua relação com a importância dedicada à floresta amazônica e com a consideração do efeito das ações humanas na natureza. Participaram deste estudo 345 sujeitos, de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos, das cidades de Manaus – AM e Ceres – GO. Os instrumentos deste estudo são compostos por escalas, que mediram dimensões cognitivas e afetivas na relação com a floresta amazônica e com a natureza no geral. Para análise dos dados foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias, regressões e análises de estrutura de similaridade. Os resultados indicaram que ao avaliar as relações de afeto para com a natureza, as crenças em relação ao ambiente natural e a consideração de consequências futuras é possível identificar uma estrutura que engloba um perfil de afinidade ecológica e um perfil utilitarista

CH4 IPDA Lidar mission data simulator and processor for MERLIN: prototype development at LMD/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique

Science.gov (United States)

Olivier, Chomette; Armante, Raymond; Crevoisier, Cyril; Delahaye, Thibault; Edouart, Dimitri; Gibert, Fabien; Nahan, Frédéric; Tellier, Yoann

2018-04-01

The MEthane Remote sensing Lidar missioN (MERLIN), currently in phase C, is a joint cooperation between France and Germany on the development of a spatial Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR (LIght Detecting And Ranging) to conduct global observations of atmospheric methane. This presentation will focus on the status of a LIDAR mission data simulator and processor developed at LMD (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique), Ecole Polytechnique, France, for MERLIN to assess the performances in realistic observational situations.

Procesos físicos del suelo en la reserva ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel de Ciudad Universitaria: atributos para su conservación

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Iván Castellanos Vargas

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel de Ciudad Universitaria (REPSA-CU alberga una fracción del derrame original de lava del volcán Xitle y actualmente el suelo y la comunidad vegetal son afectados por la fragmentación del paisaje, el depósito de residuos de relleno (como cascajo y otros materiales y las construcciones irregulares. Se realizó una descripción de las principales propiedades físicas del suelo en sitios con topografía contrastante (planos abiertos conservados y perturbados, grietas y hondonadas. Se encontró un efecto significativo de la topografía sobre las propiedades edáficas. La materia orgánica mostró correlaciones positivas con la porosidad, la arcilla y la humedad; y mostró correlaciones negativas con la densidad aparente y real, la compactación, la acidez y el contenido de arena. El porcentaje de materia orgánica fue el atributo más importante para la clasificación y el ordenamiento canónico de los sitios. Los planos abiertos perturbados siguieron una trayectoria edafogénica diferente de los sitios conservados y asemejan Urbanosoles. Se sugiere la implementación de estrategias encaminadas a lograr su restauración ecológica. La clasificación del suelo de esta reserva corresponde a tres órdenes probables: 1 Entisol háplico, por la edad geológica de su deposición y los procesos de pedogénesis en curso; 2 Leptosol lítico vítrico, por la recurrencia de afloramientos rocosos lávicos de origen magmático y 3 Andosol vítrico por la naturaleza de su material parental y predominancia de arenas. Se concluye que el suelo de la REPSA-CU es incipiente y actualmente los horizontes de diagnóstico están en proceso de desarrollo. La importancia ambiental de su suelo radica en su capacidad de filtración y retención de agua; su porosidad y compactación le permiten ser un banco de semillas y hábitat de diversas especies de insectos. La fragilidad de los agregados edáficos y la predominancia

Normal Raman and SERS spectroscopy of the vitamin E

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai Tiantian; Gu Huaimin; Yuan Xiaojuan; Liu Fangfang

2011-01-01

In this study, surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)spectra of vitamin E were obtained on colloidal silver(Ag). Alpha-(-) tocopherol which is the only form that is recognized to meet human requirements was selected to study. The analytes (±)- -tocopherol were dissolved in chloroform (CHCl 3 ) and the silver colloid was poured into the compound. Silver colloid was reduced by hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The analytes were the supernatant after standing the mixture for the reason that chloroform have no signals in surface-enhanced Raman scattering in the Ag colloid, and it would not affect the determination of the (±)- -tocopherol. The Normal Raman and SERS spectrum of Vitamin E were contrastively studied to realize how the vitamin E stuck to the silver nanoparticles. The results show the fat-soluble substances can be analysed by SERS. The spectra indicate that the molecules are adsorbed on the surface through the COO- groups by the simultaneous involvement of a and -type coordination. These results suggest some important criteria for consideration in SERS measurements and also provide important insights into the problem of predicting SERS activities for different fat-soluble substances.

Normal Raman and SERS spectroscopy of the vitamin E

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cai Tiantian; Gu Huaimin; Yuan Xiaojuan; Liu Fangfang, E-mail: guhm@scnu.edu.cn [MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou (China)

2011-01-01

In this study, surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)spectra of vitamin E were obtained on colloidal silver(Ag). Alpha-(-) tocopherol which is the only form that is recognized to meet human requirements was selected to study. The analytes ({+-})- -tocopherol were dissolved in chloroform (CHCl{sub 3}) and the silver colloid was poured into the compound. Silver colloid was reduced by hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The analytes were the supernatant after standing the mixture for the reason that chloroform have no signals in surface-enhanced Raman scattering in the Ag colloid, and it would not affect the determination of the ({+-})- -tocopherol. The Normal Raman and SERS spectrum of Vitamin E were contrastively studied to realize how the vitamin E stuck to the silver nanoparticles. The results show the fat-soluble substances can be analysed by SERS. The spectra indicate that the molecules are adsorbed on the surface through the COO- groups by the simultaneous involvement of a and -type coordination. These results suggest some important criteria for consideration in SERS measurements and also provide important insights into the problem of predicting SERS activities for different fat-soluble substances.

CisSERS: Customizable In Silico Sequence Evaluation for Restriction Sites.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard M Sharpe

Full Text Available High-throughput sequencing continues to produce an immense volume of information that is processed and assembled into mature sequence data. Data analysis tools are urgently needed that leverage the embedded DNA sequence polymorphisms and consequent changes to restriction sites or sequence motifs in a high-throughput manner to enable biological experimentation. CisSERS was developed as a standalone open source tool to analyze sequence datasets and provide biologists with individual or comparative genome organization information in terms of presence and frequency of patterns or motifs such as restriction enzymes. Predicted agarose gel visualization of the custom analyses results was also integrated to enhance the usefulness of the software. CisSERS offers several novel functionalities, such as handling of large and multiple datasets in parallel, multiple restriction enzyme site detection and custom motif detection features, which are seamlessly integrated with real time agarose gel visualization. Using a simple fasta-formatted file as input, CisSERS utilizes the REBASE enzyme database. Results from CisSERS enable the user to make decisions for designing genotyping by sequencing experiments, reduced representation sequencing, 3'UTR sequencing, and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS molecular markers for large sample sets. CisSERS is a java based graphical user interface built around a perl backbone. Several of the applications of CisSERS including CAPS molecular marker development were successfully validated using wet-lab experimentation. Here, we present the tool CisSERS and results from in-silico and corresponding wet-lab analyses demonstrating that CisSERS is a technology platform solution that facilitates efficient data utilization in genomics and genetics studies.

Enhancing SERS by Means of Supramolecular Charge Transfer

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, Eric; Flood, Amar; Morales, Alfredo

2009-01-01

In a proposed method of sensing small quantities of molecules of interest, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy would be further enhanced by means of intermolecular or supramolecular charge transfer. There is a very large potential market for sensors based on this method for rapid detection of chemical and biological hazards. In SERS, the Raman signals (vibrational spectra) of target molecules become enhanced by factors of the order of 108 when those molecules are in the vicinities of nanostructured substrate surfaces that have been engineered to have plasmon resonances that enhance local electric fields. SERS, as reported in several prior NASA Tech Briefs articles and elsewhere, has remained a research tool and has not yet been developed into a practical technique for sensing of target molecules: this is because the short range (5 to 20 nm) of the field enhancement necessitates engineering of receptor molecules to attract target molecules to the nanostructured substrate surfaces and to enable reliable identification of the target molecules in the presence of interferants. Intermolecular charge-transfer complexes have been used in fluorescence-, photoluminescence-, and electrochemistry-based techniques for sensing target molecules, but, until now, have not been considered for use in SERS-based sensing. The basic idea of the proposed method is to engineer receptor molecules that would be attached to nanostructured SERS substrates and that would interact with the target molecules to form receptor-target supramolecular charge-transfer complexes wherein the charge transfer could be photoexcited.

Produção de Madeira de Progênies de Segunda Geração de Grevílea na Região de Avaré, SP Second Generation Half-sib Progenies Wood Production of Grevillea in the Region of Avaré - SP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emerson Gonçalves Martins

2011-03-01

Full Text Available

A dialogação: a práxis do diálogo inter-religioso no paradigma ecológico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Agostinho Nogueira Baptista

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo procura responder a um dos grandes desafios teológicos da atualidade: o diálogo inter-religioso. Trabalha a dimensão da práxis do diálogo, especialmente, no pensamento de Leonardo Boff, identificado a partir de 1992 em um novo paradigma - o paradigma ecológico. A dialogação (como práxis dialogal é pensada num grande encontro teoantropocósmico, articulando Deus, Ser humano e Natureza. Três momentos compõem essa práxis dialógica: dialogação mística ou espiritual; dialogação fraterna; e a ética da vida. Não são três momentos separados. Articulam-se e estão interconectados. Começam e terminam com a mística, expressam-se no estarcom-o-outro, na fraternidade e nos critérios de pensar e agir eticamente.Palavras-chave: Diálogo inter-religioso; Práxis; Mística; Fraternidade; Ecologia; Ética. ABSTRACTThis paper aims at responding to one of the great theological challenges at present: inter-religions dialogue. It focuses on the dimension of the praxis of dialogue, especially on Leonardo Boff´s thought, identified as of 1992 according to a new paradigm - the ecological one. Dialogue as praxis is taken into account within the scope of a wide Theo-anthropo-cosmic encounter, articulating God, the Human Being and Nature. Such dialogical praxis comprises three moments: mystical or spiritual dialogue; fraternal dialogue; and the ethics of life. Those are not three separate moments: they are articulated and interconnected. They start and end with mystics, and they express themselves in being-with-the-other in fraternity and in the criteria for ethical thought and action.Key words: Inter-religions dialogue; Praxis; Mystics; raternity; Ecology; Ethics.

Unidad did??ctica: concepciones filos??ficas del ser humano

OpenAIRE

Mart??nez Moreno, Roc??o

2012-01-01

Esta unidad did??ctica se justifica en tanto que ofrece la posibilidad de estudiar al ser humano desde varias perspectivas filos??ficas, consider??ndolo desde sus diferentes dimensiones. Esto nos aleja del dogmatismo o la creencia de que el ser humano es un constructo cerrado y definible. Quiz?? desde las ciencias nos acerquemos a una visi??n de lo que ??ste es en su versi??n mec??nica o biol??gica; pero no debemos olvidar que el ser humano tambi??n est?? sujeto al paso del tiempo, a la socie...

Nanosphere Lithography on Fiber: Towards Engineered Lab-On-Fiber SERS Optrodes

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Giuseppe Quero

2018-02-01

Full Text Available In this paper we report on the engineering of repeatable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS optical fiber sensor devices (optrodes, as realized through nanosphere lithography. The Lab-on-Fiber SERS optrode consists of polystyrene nanospheres in a close-packed arrays configuration covered by a thin film of gold on the optical fiber tip. The SERS surfaces were fabricated by using a nanosphere lithography approach that is already demonstrated as able to produce highly repeatable patterns on the fiber tip. In order to engineer and optimize the SERS probes, we first evaluated and compared the SERS performances in terms of Enhancement Factor (EF pertaining to different patterns with different nanosphere diameters and gold thicknesses. To this aim, the EF of SERS surfaces with a pitch of 500, 750 and 1000 nm, and gold films of 20, 30 and 40 nm have been retrieved, adopting the SERS signal of a monolayer of biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT as a reliable benchmark. The analysis allowed us to identify of the most promising SERS platform: for the samples with nanospheres diameter of 500 nm and gold thickness of 30 nm, we measured values of EF of 4 × 105, which is comparable with state-of-the-art SERS EF achievable with highly performing colloidal gold nanoparticles. The reproducibility of the SERS enhancement was thoroughly evaluated. In particular, the SERS intensity revealed intra-sample (i.e., between different spatial regions of a selected substrate and inter-sample (i.e., between regions of different substrates repeatability, with a relative standard deviation lower than 9 and 15%, respectively. Finally, in order to determine the most suitable optical fiber probe, in terms of excitation/collection efficiency and Raman background, we selected several commercially available optical fibers and tested them with a BPT solution used as benchmark. A fiber probe with a pure silica core of 200 µm diameter and high numerical aperture (i.e., 0.5 was found to be the

IR, Raman and SERS studies of methyl salicylate

Science.gov (United States)

Varghese, Hema Tresa; Yohannan Panicker, C.; Philip, Daizy; Mannekutla, James R.; Inamdar, S. R.

2007-04-01

The IR and Raman spectra of methyl salicylate (MS) were recorded and analysed. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum was recorded in silver colloid. The vibrational wave numbers of the compound have been computed using the Hartree-Fock/6-31G * basis and compared with the experimental values. SERS studies suggest a flat orientation of the molecule at the metal surface.

Diseño de un plan comunicacional para la industria de las curtiembres, basado en marketing ecológico

OpenAIRE

Rincón Alvarado, Mónica Lorena

2012-01-01

La trasformación y constante contaminación generada por las actuales empresas, ha generado un impacto en los consumidores que obliga a que las diferentes industrias apliquen cambios en sus actuales formas de producción, es por esto que a través del marketing ecológico se pretende implementar cambios que ayuden a que la industria de los cueros reduzca su actual impacto negativo en el medio ambiente. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Au coated PS nanopillars as a highly ordered and reproducible SERS substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Yong-Tae; Schilling, Joerg; Schweizer, Stefan L.; Sauer, Guido; Wehrspohn, Ralf B.

2017-07-01

Noble metal nanostructures with nanometer gap size provide strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) which can be used to detect trace amounts of chemical and biological molecules. Although several approaches were reported to obtain active SERS substrates, it still remains a challenge to fabricate SERS substrates with high sensitivity and reproducibility using low-cost techniques. In this article, we report on the fabrication of Au sputtered PS nanopillars based on a template synthetic method as highly ordered and reproducible SERS substrates. The SERS substrates are fabricated by anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-assisted infiltration of polystyrene (PS) resulting in hemispherical structures, and a following Au sputtering process. The optimum gap size between adjacent PS nanopillars and thickness of the Au layers for high SERS sensitivity are investigated. Using the Au sputtered PS nanopillars as an active SERS substrate, the Raman signal of 4-methylbenzenethiol (4-MBT) with a concentration down to 10-9 M is identified with good signal reproducibility, showing great potential as promising tool for SERS-based detection.

Fabrication of Semiconductor ZnO Nanostructures for Versatile SERS Application

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Lili Yang

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Since the initial discovery of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS in the 1970s, it has exhibited a huge potential application in many fields due to its outstanding advantages. Since the ultra-sensitive noble metallic nanostructures have increasingly exposed themselves as having some problems during application, semiconductors have been gradually exploited as one of the critical SERS substrate materials due to their distinctive advantages when compared with noble metals. ZnO is one of the most representative metallic oxide semiconductors with an abundant reserve, various and cost-effective fabrication techniques, as well as special physical and chemical properties. Thanks to the varied morphologies, size-dependent exciton, good chemical stability, a tunable band gap, carrier concentration, and stoichiometry, ZnO nanostructures have the potential to be exploited as SERS substrates. Moreover, other distinctive properties possessed by ZnO such as biocompatibility, photocatcalysis and self-cleaning, and gas- and chemo-sensitivity can be synergistically integrated and exerted with SERS activity to realize the multifunctional potential of ZnO substrates. In this review, we discuss the inevitable development trend of exploiting the potential semiconductor ZnO as a SERS substrate. After clarifying the root cause of the great disparity between the enhancement factor (EF of noble metals and that of ZnO nanostructures, two specific methods are put forward to improve the SERS activity of ZnO, namely: elemental doping and combination of ZnO with noble metals. Then, we introduce a distinctive advantage of ZnO as SERS substrate and illustrate the necessity of reporting a meaningful average EF. We also summarize some fabrication methods for ZnO nanostructures with varied dimensions (0–3 dimensions. Finally, we present an overview of ZnO nanostructures for the versatile SERS application.

Regionalización ecológica de la llanura costera norte de Nayarit, México

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Areli González García Sancho

2009-10-01

Full Text Available El estado de Nayarit se localiza al noroeste de la República Mexicana; en su territorio confluyen cuatro importantes Provincias Fisiográficas; Sierra Madre Oriental, Cinturón Volcánico Trans-Mexicano, Sierra Madre del Sur y la Llanura Costera del Pacífico. Cada una de ellas tiene un sustrato geológico específico como repuesta a una génesis diferente, estas características favorecen la existencia de marcadas diferencias de altura en distancias cortas y por tanto un potencial en la variedad geomorfológica y climática, estos aspectos son los responsables de la existencia de una diversidad de paisajes. La Llanura Costera del Pacífico ocupa un pequeño sector localizado al noroeste del estado y representa 445 069 ha, en esta superficie se hace una regionalización ecológica que tiene como punto de partida la caracterización de unidades geomorfopedológicas; de cobertura del terreno y uso del suelo. Con este fin se desarrolló un sistema de clasificación jerárquica que define ambientes, paisajes y subpaisajes geomorfológicos, a los cuales se asociaron datos edafológicos. Por otra parte, se realizó el levantamiento de cobertura y de uso del suelo mediante el empleo de ortofotos digitales, imágenes de satélite, cartografía temática (1:50 000, verificación de campo y descripción de puntos con barrena. Los resultados obtenidos se integraron y analizaron utilizando un sistema de información geográfica ArcView 3.2, de esta manera fue posible identificar 58 regiones ecológicas, agrupadas en 11 subpaisajes, cuatro paisajes geomorfológicos y dos regiones geomorfológicas.

Comparison of time-gated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) and classical SERS based monitoring of Escherichia coli cultivation samples.

Science.gov (United States)

Kögler, Martin; Paul, Andrea; Anane, Emmanuel; Birkholz, Mario; Bunker, Alex; Viitala, Tapani; Maiwald, Michael; Junne, Stefan; Neubauer, Peter

2018-06-08

The application of Raman spectroscopy as a monitoring technique for bioprocesses is severely limited by a large background signal originating from fluorescing compounds in the culture media. Here we compare time-gated Raman (TG-Raman)-, continuous wave NIR-process Raman (NIR-Raman) and continuous wave micro-Raman (micro-Raman) approaches in combination with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for their potential to overcome this limit. For that purpose, we monitored metabolite concentrations of Escherichia coli bioreactor cultivations in cell-free supernatant samples. We investigated concentration transients of glucose, acetate, AMP and cAMP at alternating substrate availability, from deficiency to excess. Raman and SERS signals were compared to off-line metabolite analysis of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and nucleotides. Results demonstrate that SERS, in almost all cases, led to a higher number of identifiable signals and better resolved spectra. Spectra derived from the TG-Raman were comparable to those of micro-Raman resulting in well-discernable Raman peaks, which allowed for the identification of a higher number of compounds. In contrast, NIR-Raman provided a superior performance for the quantitative evaluation of analytes, both with and without SERS nanoparticles when using multivariate data analysis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

CH4 IPDA Lidar mission data simulator and processor for MERLIN: prototype development at LMD/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique

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Olivier Chomette

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The MEthane Remote sensing Lidar missioN (MERLIN, currently in phase C, is a joint cooperation between France and Germany on the development of a spatial Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA LIDAR (LIght Detecting And Ranging to conduct global observations of atmospheric methane. This presentation will focus on the status of a LIDAR mission data simulator and processor developed at LMD (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytechnique, France, for MERLIN to assess the performances in realistic observational situations.

SERS sensors for DVD platform

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brøgger, Anna Line

This Ph.D. thesis explores the engineering of a portable sensor system for detection of rare and small molecules. The Ph.D. project is part of the research project 'Multi-Sensor DVD platform' (MUSE), aiming to integrate different sensors on a rotating disc. The sensors are chosen to complement each...... other, creating more reliable and stable results for the end user. The rotating disc comprises microfluidic channels, which can be utilized for handling and manipulating liquid samples such as blood or water. The focus of this Ph.D. thesis, is on the integration of one specific sensor on a rotating disc....... The sensor is based upon surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which detects molecular vibrations. The aim of this thesis is to cover the different aspects of the sensor system. SERS substrates, consisting of nanopillars with gold or silver caps on top, have been fabricated by standard micro and nano...

L’Ecole Sucrière Belge de Glons

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Hendrik Deelstra

2008-09-01

Full Text Available The Belgian sugar school of Glons This article deals with the start in 1889 and the evolution till 1914 of the first Sugar technical school in Belgium located in Glons-Liège. In the literature on the history of sciences in Belgium this school has been unjustly neglected or forgotten. This is probably due to the total destruction of the archives in 1917 by the German occupiers. The history of the creation of a School for sugar chemists and technicians goes back to the early 1880’s, when the need was realised for the creation of such a High Technical School, to support and improve the most important agro-industrial industry in Belgium: the beet-sugar production. However there was at that time no consensus how to create and organize such an Institute. In 1889, E. Nihoul started in Glons a private sugar technical school for the direct training of specialists for all functions in the sugar industry, especially that of sugar chemists. This article describes the history of this school from 1889 till 1914. The school rapidly gained a great reputation and became extremely attractive for students outside Belgium. During the period 1900 till 1914 the school produced 251 qualified specialists of which 80% were foreigners. The school moved to Liège in 1917 and after 1932 involved in fusions with different Technical High Schools to form the now well-known ‘Hautes Ecoles Rennequin Sualem’ in Liège.

A Ag synchronously deposited and doped TiO2 hybrid as an ultrasensitive SERS substrate: a multifunctional platform for SERS detection and photocatalytic degradation.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Libin; Sang, Qinqin; Du, Juan; Yang, Ming; Li, Xiuling; Shen, Yu; Han, Xiaoxia; Jiang, Xin; Zhao, Bing

2018-06-06

Ag simultaneously deposited and doped TiO2 (Ag-TiO2) hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via a sol-hydrothermal method, as both a sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate and a superior photocatalyst for the first time. Ag-TiO2 hybrid NPs exhibit excellent SERS performance for several probe molecules and the enhancement factor is calculated to be 1.86 × 105. The detection limit of the 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) probe on the Ag-TiO2 substrate is 1 × 10-9 mol L-1, which is four orders of magnitude lower than that on pure TiO2 as a consequence of the synergistic effects of TiO2 and Ag. This is the highest SERS sensitivity among the reported semiconductor substrates and even comparable to noble metal substrates, and a SERS enhancement mechanism from the synergistic contribution of the semiconductor and noble metal was proposed. And importantly, the Ag-TiO2 hybrid shows excellent photocatalytic degradation activity for the detected species under UV light irradiation at lower concentration conditions, even for the hard to degrade 4-MBA molecule. This makes the Ag-TiO2 hybrid promising as a dual-function platform for both highly sensitive SERS detection and photocatalytic degradation of a pollutant system. Moreover, it also proves that the Ag-TiO2 hybrid can serve as a promising recyclable SERS-active substrate by virtue of its photocatalytic self-cleaning properties for some specific applications, for instance comparative studies of different species on the same SERS platform, in addition to the economic benefit.

Nucleation in tropical ecological restoration A nucleação na restauração ecológica de ecossistemas tropicais

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Ademir Reis

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Ecological theories of facilitation and nucleation are proposed as a basis for environmental restoration in tropical ecosystems. The main goal of this paper is to present restoration techniques based on the concept of nucleation, in which small nuclei of vegetation are established within a degraded land. The nucleation techniques (artificial shelters for animals, planting of herbaceous shrub life forms, soil and seed bank translocation, seed rain translocation, soil and seed rain translocation's seedling set, artificial perches, planting of native trees in groups, and ecological stepping-stones with functional groups promote the landscape connectivity on two flows: inward: receiver connectivity and outward: donor connectivity. The nuclei development represents an alternative for restoration by prioritizing the natural processes of succession. This methodology appears to take long to generate vegetation corresponding to tropical climates, but is fundamental in the formation of communities capable of acting, in the future, as a new functional nuclei within the current fragmented landscape. This strategy also encourages greater integration between the theories and projects of ecological restoration for the development of human resources and to benefit the restoration practitioner.As teorias ecológicas da facilitação e nucleação são propostas como base para a restauração ambiental de ecossistemas tropicais. Nesse "Ponto de Vista" apresentam-se técnicas de restauração fundamentadas no conceito de nucleação, onde pequenos núcleos de vegetação são implantados em uma área degradada. As técnicas de nucleação (abrigos artificiais para animais, plantio de espécies herbáceo-arbustivas, transposição de solo e banco de sementes, transposição de chuva de sementes, blocos de mudas procedentes de transposição de solo e chuva de sementes, poleiros artificiais, plantio de árvores nativas em grupos de Anderson, e trampolins ecol

La polémica sobre el ser en el Avicena y Averroes latinos

OpenAIRE

García-Marqués, A. (Alfonso)

1987-01-01

Fiosofía medieval; recepción del aristotelismo árabe en Occidente; metafísica; aristotelismo platonizante; esencia; universal; accidentalidad del ser; ser y esencia; ser veritativo y ser extramental; crítica de Averroes a Avicena.

Melhoramento do cafeeiro: XLII. Produtividade de progênies derivadas de hibridação dos cultivares Laurina e Mundo Novo Coffee breeding: XLII. Yield of progenies from crosses of Laurina and Mundo Novo cultivars of Coffea arabica L.

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Alcides Carvalho

1988-01-01

Full Text Available O cultivar Laurina de Coffea arabica L. caracteriza-se pelo pequeno porte, folhas de dimensões reduzidas, frutos afilados na base, sementes pequenas e afiladas, pequeno rendimento e reduzida produção. Apresenta, no entanto, bebida de boa qualidade e baixo teor de cafeína nas sementes. Suas principais características são controladas pela ação de um par de alelos recessivos lrlr, de acentuado efeito pleiotrópico. Devido ao atual interesse do comércio por produto de baixo teor de cafeína, iniciaram-se pesquisas tendo em vista principalmente aumentar a produtividade do 'Laurina'. Para esse fim, realizaram-se numerosas hibridações de cafeeiros do 'Laurina' com os do 'Mundo Novo' (Coffea arabica e, posteriormente, retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo'. Estudaram-se as progênies F2 e retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo' (RC em Campinas, em um experimento, anotando-se as produções por oito anos consecutivos. Separaram-se algumas progênies F2 em dois grupos, antes do plantio: normais (LrLr,Lrlr e laurina (Irlr. Como testemunhas, usaram-se progênies do 'Mundo Novo' e 'Catuaí Amarelo' de C. arabica. O conjunto de plantas F2 do grupo laurina e os retrocruzamentos tiveram produção média maior do que as plantas F2 normais, porém menor do que as testemunhas. Alguns retrocruzamentos e progênies F2 apresentaram plantas com razoável produtividade, indicando que, através de retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo', podem-se obter novos tipos comerciais com as características morfológicas do 'Laurina'. Fizeram-se considerações sobre a melhor capacidade de combinação do 'Laurina' com algumas seleções do 'Mundo Novo'.The Laurina cultivars of Coffea arabica L. has a reduced plant size, small leaves, small and pointed seeds and low yield capacity. However the seeds have a good cup quality and the desirable characteristic of low caffeine content The Laurina phenotype is supposed to be controlled by a pair of recessive alleles lrlr, with

ESTRUCTURA ECOLÓGICA Y ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL AMBIENTAL: APROXIMACIÓN CONCEPTUAL Y METODOLÓGICA A PARTIR DEL PROCESO DE ORDENACIÓN DE CUENCAS

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MÁRQUEZ C GERMÁN

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los conceptos de ecosistemas estratégicos y de estructura ecológica y su aplicación al ordenamiento ambiental del territorio. Se parte de la idea de que la sociedad depende en alto grado, para su bienestar y para la sostenibilidad de sus procesos económicos, de bienes y servicios prestados por la naturaleza, llamados aquí servicios ecológicos. Estos servicios son aportados por ecosistemas que, en su conjunto, constituyen una estructura ecológica, equivalente natural de las infraestructuras creadas por el hombre para proveer servicios (viales, de acueducto, energía, etc.. Como éstas, la Estructura Ecológica puede ser objeto de diseño, construcción y mantenimiento. Se expone una metodología, mediante el uso de herramientas de SIG, para identificar la Estructura Ecológica de Soporte Mínima para la prestación de servicios y como, por comparación con la Estructura realmente existente en el territorio, se puede proponer un esquema de ordenamiento que tienda a la gestión adecuada del territorio, dentro de cuatro modalidades básicas de uso: conservación, uso sostenible, restauración y recuperación.

Crítica ecológica al concepto de Desarrollo y nuevas alternativas desde América Latina

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Ana Luíza Matos de Oliveira

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo derivado de investigación analiza el concepto de Desarrollo desde sus orígenes, presentando la crítica ecológica a este concepto, en especial por parte de la teoría del decrecimiento, muestra algunas contribuciones de los pueblos originarios a las constituciones de países de tendencia de izquierda en América Latina en los años recientes y problematiza la actual inserción de América Latina en el comercio internacional. Se encontró que contrarrestar a la fuerza económica, política y discursiva del agronegocio y del “progreso”, apoyado en el “desarrollo” no es algo simple. En América Latina hay tensiones entre el concepto de desarrollo convencional e intentos por construir un nuevo camino, un camino latinoamericano. Hay resistencias entre la (reprimarización y la inserción internacional de América Latina, también existen tensiones en el campo, conuna disputa entre el agronegocio como modelo de desarrollo, modernidad y progreso y otras formas de relacionarse con el medio ambiente y con el otro. Se concluye que desde América Latina es posible crear un nuevo camino, no necesariamente en aras de imitar el mundo desarrollado, sino considerando los limites ecológicos y sociales del capitalismo y las contribuciones de los pueblos originarios.

Conhecimento ecológico tradicional no fragmento da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná: percepção ecológica dos pescadores Upper Paraná River floodplain fishermen’s traditional ecological knowledge: fishermen’s ecological feeling

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Adriana Rosa Carvalho

2002-05-01

Full Text Available O conhecimento ecológico é uma sabedoria popular empírica acumulada pela prática de atividades em ambientes naturais. Alterações nos ecossistemas afetam o estoque dos recursos naturais explorados, bem como a prática tradicional deles dependente. Neste trabalho, é apresentado o conhecimento ecológico tradicional dos pescadores da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, regiões de Porto Rico (PR e Porto São José, Estado do Paraná. Um breve relato da teoria de fragmentação de habitats é apresentado, visto que esse ambiente está fragmentado pela construção de barragens de hidrelétricas. Três frases e um provérbio que revelam a dinâmica dos processos ecológicos dentre os pescadores foram anotados e confrontados com o conhecimento científico já reunido sobre a região. As frases demonstram uma interpretação popular em consonância com as descobertas científicas na planície. Essa sabedoria está ameaçada pela fragmentação da planície e pela perda da tradição, devido ao abandono da atividade pesqueira.The ecological knowledge is an empiric popular wisdom stored by the fishermen’s natural environmental practice. Changes in ecosystem affect the explored natural resources as well as the traditional practice dependent on them. This paper aims at presenting the upper Paraná river floodplain fishermen’s traditional ecological knowledge from Porto Rico (PR and Porto São José (PR regions. A brief comment on fragmentation theory is presented because of the floodplain fragmentation imposed by the construction of hydroelectric dams. Three phrases and one proverb, which reveal the dynamics of the fishermen’s ecological process, were registered and confronted with the scientific knowledge of the region. The phrases show a popular and traditional interpretation in agreement with the upper Paraná river floodplain scientific discoveries. The ecosystem fragmentation and loss of tradition, due to the fishery practice

Improving SERS uniformity by isolating hot spots in gold rod-in-shell nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Shanshan; Liu, Zhonghui; Bartic, Carmen; Xu, Hong; Ye, Jian

2016-01-01

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags show ultrasensitivity and multiplexing abilities due to strong and characteristic Raman signals and therefore can be utilized as optical labeling agents similar to fluorescent dyes and quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. However, SERS tags have the difficulty to realize quantitative analysis due to the uniformity and reproducibility issue. In this work, we have reported on a new type of SERS tag called Au rod-in-shell (RIS) gap-enhanced Raman tag (GERT). With the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical absorbance measurements, we have demonstrated the subnanometer sized gap junctions inside the RIS GERTs. SERS measurements and FDTD calculations show that the core–shell subnanometer gap geometry in the RIS GERTs not only generates strong SERS hot spots but also isolates SERS hot spots by Au shells to avoid the influence when the particle aggregates form, therefore showing better SERS uniformity and stronger SERS intensity than normal Au nanorods. Those RIS NPs exhibit great potential as the labeling agents for SERS-based bioimaging and biosensing applications.

Improving SERS uniformity by isolating hot spots in gold rod-in-shell nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Shanshan; Liu, Zhonghui [Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute (China); Bartic, Carmen [KU Leuven, Department of Physics (Belgium); Xu, Hong, E-mail: xuhong@sjtu.edu.cn; Ye, Jian, E-mail: yejian78@sjtu.edu.cn [Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute (China)

2016-08-15

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags show ultrasensitivity and multiplexing abilities due to strong and characteristic Raman signals and therefore can be utilized as optical labeling agents similar to fluorescent dyes and quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. However, SERS tags have the difficulty to realize quantitative analysis due to the uniformity and reproducibility issue. In this work, we have reported on a new type of SERS tag called Au rod-in-shell (RIS) gap-enhanced Raman tag (GERT). With the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical absorbance measurements, we have demonstrated the subnanometer sized gap junctions inside the RIS GERTs. SERS measurements and FDTD calculations show that the core–shell subnanometer gap geometry in the RIS GERTs not only generates strong SERS hot spots but also isolates SERS hot spots by Au shells to avoid the influence when the particle aggregates form, therefore showing better SERS uniformity and stronger SERS intensity than normal Au nanorods. Those RIS NPs exhibit great potential as the labeling agents for SERS-based bioimaging and biosensing applications.

Tuning SERS for living erythrocytes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brazhe, Nadezda; Parshina, E.Y.; Khabanova, V.V.

2013-01-01

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a unique technique to study submembrane hemoglobin (Hbsm) in erythrocytes. We report the detailed design of SERS experiments on living erythrocytes to estimate dependence of the enhancemen t factor for main Raman bands of Hbsm on silver nanoparticle (Ag......NP) properties. We demonstrate that the enhancement factor for 4/A1g, 10/B1g and A2g Raman bands of Hbsm varies from 105 to 107 under proposed experimental conditions with 473 nm laser excitation. For the first time we show that the enhancement of Raman scattering increases with the increase in the relative...... between small AgNPs and Hbsm and, consequently, leads to the higher enhancement of Raman scattering of Hbsm. The enhancement of higher wavenumber bands 10/B1g and A2g is more sensitive to AgNPs' size and the relative amount of small AgNPs than the enhancement of the lower wavenumber band 4/A1g. This can...

Función ecológica de la Agricultura Familiar (AF) en la legislación argentina

OpenAIRE

Victoria, María Adriana

2017-01-01

Construir una nueva ruralidad en la región pasa por fortalecer la Agricultura Familiar (AF) y, a tales fines, los países están desarrollando políticas públicas y programas para estimular este sector fundamental del agro. Por ello, resulta necesario, analizar la función ecológica que cumple la AF en el contenido de la legislación, de aplicación en las provincias argentinas, a partir del marco doctrinario de la Multifuncionalidad de la agricultura (MFA) o Nueva ruralidad (NR) de la AF, a la luz...

Integración del turismo educativo en la formación de nuevas sociedades ecológicas

OpenAIRE

Hidalgo Arias, Karol; Sandí Delgado, Juan Carlos; Cruz Sancho, Steven

2014-01-01

Este artículo es producto de una investigación realizada a nivel de primaria y secundaria en centros educativos ubicados en los cantones de Pococí y Guácimo, Limón, Costa Rica. Donde el principal objetivo fue alcanzar una integración valida entre el turismo educativo y la formación de nuevas sociedades ecológicas. Con el fin de responder a los objetivos de este estudio, dicho trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante el diseño descriptivo y exploratorio, respondiendo a su vez al enfoque metodológi...

Potential application of SERS for arsenic speciation in biological matrices.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Mingwei; Matulis, Shannon; Boise, Lawrence H; McGoron, Anthony J; Cai, Yong

2017-08-01

Speciation of arsenic is usually carried out using chromatography-based methods coupled with spectroscopic determination; however, the inevitable procedures involving sample preparation and separation could potentially alter the integrity of the arsenic metabolites present in biological samples. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) could be a promising alternative for providing a reliable arsenic analysis under the influence of a cellular matrix. A method for arsenic speciation using SERS in cellular matrix was developed in this study and four arsenicals were selected, including arsenite (As III ), arsenate (As V ), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA V ) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA V ). Silver nanoparticles in the form of colliodal suspension with different surface charges, i.e., coated with citrate (AgNPs-Citrate) and spermine (AgNPs-Spermine) were employed as SERS substrates. Adsorption of arsenicals on nanoparticles in colloidal suspensions and the cellular matrix and the pH, size, and zeta potential of the colloidal suspensions were investigated for a better understanding of the SERS signal response of arsenicals in the colloidal suspensions or under the influence of cellular matrix. Arsenicals showed substantially different SERS responses in the two colloidal suspensions, mainly because of the distinct difference in the interaction between the arsenicals and the nanoparticles. Arsenic speciation in cell lysate could be successfully carried out in AgNPs-Spermine suspension, while AgNPs-Citrate could not yield significant SERS signals under the experimental conditions. This study proved that AgNPs-Spermine colloidal suspension could be a promising SERS substrate for studying arsenic metabolism in a biological matrix, reducing the bias caused by traditional techniques that involve sample extraction and pretreatment.

Correlative SEM SERS for quantitative analysis of dimer nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Timmermans, F J; Lenferink, A T M; van Wolferen, H A G M; Otto, C

2016-11-14

A Raman microscope integrated with a scanning electron microscope was used to investigate plasmonic structures by correlative SEM-SERS analysis. The integrated Raman-SEM microscope combines high-resolution electron microscopy information with SERS signal enhancement from selected nanostructures with adsorbed Raman reporter molecules. Correlative analysis is performed for dimers of two gold nanospheres. Dimers were selected on the basis of SEM images from multi aggregate samples. The effect of the orientation of the dimer with respect to the polarization state of the laser light and the effect of the particle gap size on the Raman signal intensity is observed. Additionally, calculations are performed to simulate the electric near field enhancement. These simulations are based on the morphologies observed by electron microscopy. In this way the experiments are compared with the enhancement factor calculated with near field simulations and are subsequently used to quantify the SERS enhancement factor. Large differences between experimentally observed and calculated enhancement factors are regularly detected, a phenomenon caused by nanoscale differences between the real and 'simplified' simulated structures. Quantitative SERS experiments reveal the structure induced enhancement factor, ranging from ∼200 to ∼20 000, averaged over the full nanostructure surface. The results demonstrate correlative Raman-SEM microscopy for the quantitative analysis of plasmonic particles and structures, thus enabling a new analytical method in the field of SERS and plasmonics.

La importancia de ser grande

OpenAIRE

Baisre, J. A.

2007-01-01

Se responde a las preguntas ¿por qué los mamíferos marinos son los animales más grandes del planeta?, ¿Por qué los peces no pueden ser más grandes?. Éstas y otras interrogantes son respondidas de forma sencilla y clara.

Study of pyruvate decarboxylase and thiamine kinase from brewer's yeast by SERS

Science.gov (United States)

Maskevich, Sergei A.; Chernikevich, Ivan P.; Gachko, Gennedy A.; Kivach, Leonid N.; Strekal, Nataliya D.

1993-06-01

The Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectra of holopyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and thiamine kinase (ThK) adsorbed on silver electrode were obtained. In contrast to the Raman, the SERS spectrum of PDC contained no modes of tryptophan residues, it indicates a removal of this moiety from the surface. In the SERS spectrum of ThK the bands belonging to ligands bound to the protein were observed. A correlation between the SERS signal intensity and the enzymatic activity of the ThK separate fraction and found. The influence of amino acids on SERS spectra of thiamine (Th) was studied to determine the possible composition on microsurrounding of coenzyme.

Aves endêmicas e ameaçadas de extinção da Estação Ecológica de Xitué e a contribuição do taquaruçu Guadua tagoara (Nees Kunth para a riqueza local. Endemic and threatened birds of the Xitué Ecological Station and the contribution of the bamboo Guadua tagoara (Nees Kunth to local richness.

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Alexsander Zamorano ANTUNES

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O contínuo ecológico da Serra deParanapiacaba, no sul do Estado de São Paulo,é uma área de extrema importância para aconservação das aves. Dentro do contínuo, a EstaçãoEcológica de Xitué é a Unidade de Conservaçãocuja avifauna é menos conhecida. Em levantamentoefetuado em 2006 foram registradas em Xitué48 espécies endêmicas da Mata Atlântica e 8ameaçadas de extinção. Apesar de ser a espécievegetal dominante em vastos trechos da estação,o taquaruçu Guadua tagoara (Nees Kunth parececontribuir pouco para a riqueza de espécies de avesencontradas. No entanto, entre estas espécies seencontra o criticamente ameaçado papa-capim-dataquaraSporophila falcirostris, granívoroespecializado em sementes de taquaras.The Paranapiacaba Range ecologicalcontinuum, in State of São Paulo southernBrazil, is an extremely important area to birdconservation. In Paranapiacaba Range the birds ofXitué Ecological Station remains poorly known.We surveyed the Xitué birds in 2006 and we found48 Atlantic Forest endemics species and 8 threatened.Although the bamboo Guadua tagoara (NeesKunth dominate many areas of Xitué, it contributedtoo little for bird richness. However, between thesebird species was the critically endangered Temminck’sSeedeater Sporophila falcirostris, specializedbamboo granivorous.

Índice de estado limnológico (IEL para evaluar las condiciones ecológicas de las ciénagas del Canal del Dique

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Gabriel Antonio Pinilla Agudelo

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Determinar el estado o salud ecológica de un ecosistema brinda herramientas útiles para su gestión y conservación. En Colombia no se han desarrollado índices que combinen en un solo parámetro las variables físicas, químicas y biológicas de los sistemas acuáticos, de manera que la evaluación de su estado ecológico ha sido fragmentaria o incompleta. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un Índice de Estado Limnológico (IEL para las ciénagas del Canal del Dique, ecosistemas sometidos a constante presión por parte de las comunidades humanas. Para la construcción de este índice multimétrico se realizó un análisis de componentes principales, se construyeron gráficas de calidad de las variables seleccionadas y se les asignaron valores de importancia. Se empleó la teoría de los multiatributos para construir el IEL, el cual considera 12 variables. Se diseñó una versión simplificada (IEL parcial - IELP en la que se excluyeron 4 de las variables biológicas. Finalmente, se construyó una escala de interpretación de los valores obtenidos con estos índices. El IEL y el IELP se aplicaron a las ciénagas del Canal del Dique para establecer su condición ecológica actual. Los datos muestran que el estado limnológico de la mayoría de ciénagas de esta región es aceptable, lo que sugiere que estos ecosistemas lénticos se encuentran dentro de los límites admisibles de funcionamiento, aunque no están excentos de procesos de deterioro.

CONSTRUIR LA CIUDADANÍA ECOLÓGICA EN LAS SOCIEDADES LIBERALES: REFLEXIONES DESDE LA FILOSOFÍA POLÍTICA

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Fernando Arribas Herguedas

2010-02-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se ofrece una visión general del debate que tiene lugar en la filosofía política contemporánea sobre la noción de ciudadanía ecológica. Con este fin, se exponen las carencias de las concepciones habituales de la ciudadanía para afrontar los problemas ecológicos, se muestra la relación entre ciudadanía y democraciadeliberativa y se resume la propuesta teórica de Andrew Dobson como ejemplo de una noción “fuerte” de la ciudadanía ecológica. El objetivo final es sostener la tesis de que las sociedades liberales deben crear mecanismos de formación de las virtudes cívicas para ser coherentes con los valores de libertad e igualdad que afirman perseguir.

Sonochemically synthesized Ag nanoparticles as a SERS active substrate and effect of surfactant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dar, Nitzan, E-mail: n58987012@mail.ncku.edu.tw [Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101 Taiwan (China); Chen, Kuang-Yu [Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101 Taiwan (China); Nien, Yung-Tang, E-mail: ytnien@nfu.edu.tw [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan (China); Perkas, Nina [Institute of nanotechnology and advanced materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002 (Israel); Gedanken, Aharon, E-mail: Aharon.Gedanken@biu.ac.il [Institute of nanotechnology and advanced materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002 (Israel); Chen, In-Gann, E-mail: ingann@mail.ncku.edu.tw [Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101 Taiwan (China)

2015-03-15

Highlights: • Solid state Ag SERS active substrates were sonochemically synthesized. • High intensity SERS spectra of both crystal violet and rhodamine 6G were observed. • We discovered that PVP aided synthesized substrates showed higher SERS intensity. - Abstract: Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enables the detection of substances at low concentrations using silver or gold nanostructure. The SERS technique has many applications, such as environmental detection and biosensing. Sonochemistry is an excellent and cheap deposition technique for coating substrates in a form of nanostructure at ambient temperature. It can also be utilized to prepare large SERS substrates. Here, we used the advantages of sonochemistry to deposit solid SERS substrates immobilized on GaN nanostructure. Morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The elemental composition and the spatial distribution were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The crystal structure and atomic presence was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. SERS substrates were examined with the analytes crystal violet (10{sup −5} M) and rhodamine 6G (10{sup −6} M), they showed prominent characteristic peaks. We discovered that the SERS intensity of poly-vinyl-pyrrolidinone aided sonochemical deposition of Ag nanoparticles was increased. The reason for the effect is morphological changes of the Ag nanoparticles. Smaller nanoparticles were fabricated, which increase their SERS intensity.

Designing multilayered nanoplatforms for SERS-based detection of genetically modified organisms

Science.gov (United States)

Uluok, Saadet; Guven, Burcu; Eksi, Haslet; Ustundag, Zafer; Tamer, Ugur; Boyaci, Ismail Hakki

2015-01-01

In this study, the multilayered surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platforms were developed for the analysis of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). For this purpose, two molecules [11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and 2-mercaptoethylamine (2-MEA)] were attached with Aurod and Auspherical nanoparticles to form multilayered constructions on the gold (Au)slide surface. The best multilayered platform structure was chosen depending on SERS enhancement, and this surface was characterised with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After the optimum multilayered SERS platform and nanoparticle interaction was identified, the oligonucleotides on the Aurod nanoparticles and Auslide were combined to determine target concentrations from the 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) signals using SERS. The correlation between the SERS intensities for DTNB and target concentrations was found to be linear within a range of 10 pM to 1 µM, and with a detection limit of 34 fM. The selectivity and specificity of the developed sandwich assay were tested using negative and positive controls, and nonsense and real sample studies. The obtained results showed that the multilayered SERS sandwich method allows for sensitive, selective, and specific detection of oligonucleotide sequences.

Garantías Ambientales en la Constitución: Un nuevo modelo ecológico-político para Costa Rica y el resto del mundo

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Gabriel Quesada A

2009-09-01

Full Text Available La Constitución Política de Costa Rica incluye un párrafo sobre el derecho a un ambiente sano, la responsabilidad del Estado a garantizar, defender y preservar ese derecho, así como la acción popular (Artículo 50. Sin embargo, es fundamental incluir en la Constitución un título de Derechos y Garantías Ambientales donde el Estado garantice, defienda y preserve el derecho a un ambiente biofísico y humano ecológicamente sostenible, donde se mantenga el dominio público sobre los elementos del ambiente, y se regule su uso y aprovechamiento de conformidad con las reglas de la ciencia y la técnica. Costa Rica sería el primer país en el mundo con un título constitucional de Derechos y Garantías Ambientales y daría el ejemplo a otras naciones en materia ambiental. Las Garantías Ambientales serán un instrumento ágil y eficiente para proteger el ambiente.Environmental Guarantees in the Constitution: a new ecological-political model for Costa Rica and the rest of the world. In the last thirty years significant changes to protect the environment have been introduced in the judicial, administrative and social systems. Costa Rica is a well known international model in the field of sustainable development, and here I present a proposal for adding environmental gaurantees to the Costa Rican Constitution. One of the most important changes in the Costa Rican judicial system has been the introduction of an environmental amendment in the Constitution (Article 50. However, it is still fundamental to introduce a Title of Environmental Guarantees in the Constitution of Costa Rica, with these components: first, the State, the public and the private sector have the duty of defending the right to a safe environment; second, public domain over environmental issues, and third, the use of the environment should be regulated by scientific and technical knowledge. If current efforts succeed, Costa Rica will be the first country in the world to include

SERS-based pesticide detection by using nanofinger sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Ansoon; Barcelo, Steven J.; Li, Zhiyong

2015-01-01

Simple, sensitive, and rapid detection of trace levels of extensively used and highly toxic pesticides are in urgent demand for public health. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensor was designed to achieve ultrasensitive and simple pesticide sensing. We developed a portable sensor system composed of high performance and reliable gold nanofinger sensor strips and a custom-built portable Raman spectrometer. Compared to the general procedure and previously reported studies that are limited to laboratory settings, our analytical method is simple, sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective. Based on the SERS results, the chemical interaction of two pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and thiabendazole (TBZ), with gold nanofingers was studied to determine a fingerprint for each pesticide. The portable SERS-sensor system was successfully demonstrated to detect CPF and TBZ pesticides within 15 min with a detection limit of 35 ppt in drinking water and 7 ppb on apple skin, respectively.

PKCδ-mediated IRS-1 Ser24 phosphorylation negatively regulates IRS-1 function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Greene, Michael W.; Ruhoff, Mary S.; Roth, Richard A.; Kim, Jeong-a; Quon, Michael J.; Krause, Jean A.

2006-01-01

The IRS-1 PH and PTB domains are essential for insulin-stimulated IRS-1 Tyr phosphorylation and insulin signaling, while Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-1 disrupts these signaling events. To investigate consensus PKC phosphorylation sites in the PH-PTB domains of human IRS-1, we changed Ser24, Ser58, and Thr191 to Ala (3A) or Glu (3E), to block or mimic phosphorylation, respectively. The 3A mutant abrogated the inhibitory effect of PKCδ on insulin-stimulated IRS-1 Tyr phosphorylation, while reductions in insulin-stimulated IRS-1 Tyr phosphorylation, cellular proliferation, and Akt activation were observed with the 3E mutant. When single Glu mutants were tested, the Ser24 to Glu mutant had the greatest inhibitory effect on insulin-stimulated IRS-1 Tyr phosphorylation. PKCδ-mediated IRS-1 Ser24 phosphorylation was confirmed in cells with PKCδ catalytic domain mutants and by an RNAi method. Mechanistic studies revealed that IRS-1 with Ala and Glu point mutations at Ser24 impaired phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding. In summary, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that Ser24 is a negative regulatory phosphorylation site in IRS-1

Laser in medicine Láser en medicina

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Juan C. Cárdenas

1993-03-01

Full Text Available The fundamentals of laser functioning and a brief historic description on the subject are presented; laser Is classified according to emission potency, materials with which it is built and pulsation. Different mechanisms of action of laser as well as Its indications and contraindications are discussed. Emphasis is given to low-power laser. Local and foreign experiences with Its medlcal use are briefly described

Se revisan los principios fundamentales del funcionamiento del láser, se hace una breve revisión histórica del mismo y se lo clasifica de acuerdo con la potencia de emisión, los materiales de fabricación y la pulsación. Se enumeran los diferentes mecanismos de acción del láser y sus indicaciones y contraindicaciones haciendo énfasis en lo concerniente al láser de baja potencia, tanto pulsado como no pulsado; se alude a las experiencias nacionales y de otros países.

Effect of the size of silver nanoparticles on SERS signal enhancement

Science.gov (United States)

He, Rui Xiu; Liang, Robert; Peng, Peng; Norman Zhou, Y.

2017-08-01

The localized surface plasmon resonance arising from plasmonic materials is beneficial in solution-based and thin-film sensing applications, which increase the sensitivity of the analyte being tested. Silver nanoparticles from 35 to 65 nm in diameter were synthesized using a low-temperature method and deposited in a monolayer on a (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized glass slide. The effect of particle size on monolayer structure, optical behavior, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is studied. While increasing particle size decreases particle coverage, it also changes the localized surface plasmon resonance and thus the SERS activity of individual nanoparticles. Using a laser excitation wavelength of 633 nm, the stronger localized surface plasmon resonance coupling to this excitation wavelength at larger particle sizes trumps the loss in surface coverage, and greater SERS signals are observed. The SERS signal enhancement accounts for the higher SERS signal, which was verified using a finite element model of a silver nanoparticle dimer with various nanoparticle sizes and separation distances.

A modernização ecológica conquistando hegemonia nos discursos ambientais: o caso da Zona Franca de Manaus

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Thaís Brianezi

2012-08-01

Full Text Available A Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM foi criada em 1967 pelo governo da ditadura militar brasileira, de acordo com um discurso nacionalista que apresentava a região amazônica como um território estratégico que era preciso ocupar e desenvolver. Apesar de a visão do grande vazio não ter sido apagada do imaginário popular, desde os anos de 1970 tem ganhado força a percepção da floresta como herança cultural e biológica a ser preservada. Estas mudanças nos discursos mais gerais sobre a Amazônia foram acompanhadas por um deslocamento do discurso de legitimação dos incentivos fiscais gozados pelas indústrias de Manaus, em um movimento relacionado ao processo de construção de hegemonia no campo ambiental, marcado pela emergência da chamada modernização ecológica. Utilizando a análise crítica do discurso, este artigo mostra como se constituiu o argumento de que as empresas em Manaus protegem a floresta, assentado em um roteiro de dupla ameaça: de desemprego e de desmatamento. As informações e dados foram levantados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações diretas em reuniões e eventos corporativos. Fizeram parte do corpus, ainda, as transcrições oficiais de 64 pronunciamentos em plenário dos três senadores e oito deputados federais do Amazonas em 2007; 125 matérias publicadas no caderno de Economia do jornal A Crítica entre 1º de janeiro e 30 de junho, e quatro edições da revista institucional Suframa Hoje, no mesmo ano.La Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM fue creada en 1967 por el gobierno de la dictadura militar brasileña, a partir de un discurso nacionalista que presentaba la región amazónica como un territorio estratégico que tenia que ser ocupado y desarrollado. A pesar de la imagen de un gran vacío no desaparecer del imaginario popular; desde los finales de los años 70 ha ganado fuerza la percepción de la floresta como herencia cultural e biológica que debe ser preservada

Positive selection at codon 38 of the human KCNE1 (= minK gene and sporadic absence of 38Ser-coding mRNAs in Gly38Ser heterozygotes

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Pfeufer Arne

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background KCNE1 represents the regulatory beta-subunit of the slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKs. Variants of KCNE1 have repeatedly been linked to the long-QT syndrome (LQTS, a disorder which predisposes to deafness, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. Results We here analyze the evolution of the common Gly38Ser variant (rs1805127, using genomic DNAs, complementary DNAs, and HEK293-expressed variants of altogether 19 mammalian species. The between species comparison reveals that the human-specific Gly38Ser polymorphism evolved under strong positive Darwinian selection, probably in adaptation to specific challenges in the fine-tuning of IKs channels. The involved amino acid exchanges (Asp > Gly, Gly > Ser are moderately radical and do not induce apparent changes in posttranslational modification. According to population genetic analyses (HapMap phase II a heterozygote advantage accounts for the maintenance of the Gly38Ser polymorphism in humans. On the other hand, the expression of the 38Ser allele seems to be disadvantageous under certain conditions, as suggested by the sporadic deficiency of 38Ser-coding mRNAs in heterozygote Central Europeans and the depletion of homozygotes 38Ser in the Yoruban sample. Conclusion We speculate that individual differences in genomic imprinting or genomic recoding might have contributed to conflicting results of recent association studies between Gly38Ser polymorphism and QT phenotype. The findings thus highlight the relevance of mRNA data in future association studies of genotypes and clinical disorders. To the best of our knowledge, they moreover provide first time evidence for a unique pattern; i.e. coincidence of positive Darwinian selection and polymorphism with a sporadically suppressed expression of one allele.

Estudio Ecológico de Cambios en el Paisaje del Parque Regional de la Cuenca Alta del Manzanares (Madrid)

OpenAIRE

Escribano López, Álvaro

2010-01-01

El presente estudio se encuentra enmarcado dentro de la denominada Ecología del Paisaje, la cual se diferencia de la ecología tradicional por tener en consideración al patrón espacial (Turner y Gardner, 1990; Allen y Hoekstra, 1992). Como su propio nombre indica, la Ecología del Paisaje estudia al propio Paisaje, entendido éste como un conjunto de ecosistemas que interaccionan entre sí. Con mayor precisión, el Paisaje es un nivel de organización de los sistemas ecológicos superior al ecosiste...

Las áreas naturales protegidas y la investigación ecológica de largo plazo en México

OpenAIRE

M. Maass; E. Jardel; A. Martínez-Yrízar; L. Calderón; J. Herrera; A. Castillo; J. Euán-Ávila; M. Equihua

2010-01-01

Detrás de la actual crisis ambiental está nuestra limitada comprensión de los procesos ecológicos y sociales que operan a escalas espaciotemporales amplias. Esta falta de conocimiento ha desencadenado fallos en los esquemas de manejo y utilización de los servicios y recursos que nos brindan los ecosistemas naturales, lo que a su vez ha provocado su deterioro a escalas globales. Una respuesta de la comunidad académica a este vacío del conocimiento ha sido la formación de grupos de científicos ...

Quiero ser citado

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Leonardo Romero

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Después de varios años de ser editor, muchos de mis jefes confunden la revista con el editor, y es común oír cosas como “conferencia a cargo de la revista” o en conversaciones se dirijan a mí para decir “y porque no te citan”, refiriéndose al motivo porqué la Rev peru biol. no es citada por otros trabajos. Aprovechando ese desquicio, en los siguientes párrafos encarnare a la revista y al editor, en la fusión mágica en la que algunos de mis jefes me imaginan.

Proyecto de una industria de sidra natural ecológica en la localidad de Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia)

OpenAIRE

Aparicio Corada, Tamara

2016-01-01

Proyecto basado en el diseño e implantación de una industria destinada a la elaboración de sidra natural ecológica situada en el polígono II de la localidad de Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia) . Por las características de situación y comunicación de la zona se pretende ampliar el mercado en este sector y fomentar el desarrollo industrial en ella de una forma eficiente. Se trata de una pequeña industria con una producción alrededor de 10.000 botellas viéndose incrementada durante la vida ...

Parâmetros genéticos em progênies de polinização aberta de Cordia trichotoma (Vell. ex Steud. Genetic parameters in open-pollinated families of Cordia trichotoma (Vell. ex Steud.

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Miguel Luiz Menezes FREITAS

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimarparâmetros genéticos para caracteres de crescimento eforma, em um teste de 22 progênies de polinizaçãoaberta de Cordia trichotoma, procedentes deBauru–SP, aos 19 anos de idade, implantado emLuiz Antonio–SP. A análise de variância detectoudiferenças significativas entre progênies para ocaráter DAP, forma e volume. As diferenças entrea maior e a menor média de crescimento em DAP,altura, forma, volume real e sobrevivência entreprogênies foram, respectivamente, de 87,3%;42,4%; 77,6%; 156,6% e 61,2%. O coeficiente devariação genética para DAP e volume foi alto(> 10%. Os valores dos coeficientes de herdabilidade,em nível de plantas individuais ( 2i h e dentro deprogênies ( 2d h , foram baixos ( 10%.The values of individual narrow sense ( 2i h andwithin families ( 2d h heritability coefficients werelow (< 0.2 for height and stem form traits, butthese values were high for DBH and volume traits(varying from 0.29 to 0.65, indicating possibilitiesto obtain genetic gains on selection at traits andbetween families. The estimates of meanheritability ( 2mh were low for plant height (0.12,but high for the other traits, varying from 0.46(form to 0.77 (DBH and indicating the possibilityto obtain considerable gains on selection of thebest families. The expected genetic gains withselection within families to DBH, height, stemform and volume were 17.43%, 1.02%, 2.66%, and18.72%, respectively. The expected were predictedfor Cordia trichotoma plantations 19 years old,growing under similar environmental conditions tothe Luiz Antonio, SP.

Adaptación de la metodología de cálculo de huella ecológica para los cultivos de palma africana usando sistemas de información geográfica: estudio de caso Puerto Wilches Santande

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Claudia Ramírez Cano

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En el municipio de Puerto Wilches el monocultivo de palma africana actualmente es un eje trasversal de la economía, modificando la diversidad de los ecosistemas y cultivos tradicionales de la zona. Por lo cual, el objetivo de esta investigación es medir y evaluar los impactos de los cultivos de palma africana en el lapso de 1987 a 2010 adaptando la metodología desarrollada por Mathis Wackernagel y William Rees y algunos aportes de los desarrollos realizados por Juan Luis Doménech, aunando a estos tecnología satelital e indicadores de biocapacidad y déficit ecológico para conocer los requerimientos de espacios y recursos naturales necesarios para la producción de los derivados de la palma. El análisis de la época arrojó para el año 1987 un indicador de huella ecológica con un valor de 1.255 ha/pc, biocapacidad del cultivo 0.470 ha/pc, déficit ecológico correspondiente a -0.785 ha/pc; se estima un valor del 16 % en cuanto a la producción y uso de recursos. Con relación a los indicadores de sostenibilidad, en 2010 se obtuvieron valores de huella ecológica de 5.492 ha/pc, biocapacidad 1.454 ha/pc y déficit ecológico de -4.038 ha/pc, cifras que evidencian los efectos originados por la implementación del monocultivo en la zona, que para la fecha aumento en un 63 % la producción y uso de recursos naturales. Por lo anterior, es necesario y urgente elaborar e implementar políticas de planificación territorial así como alternativas de producción económica para mejorar la calidad ambiental y social del municipio, deteniendo la acelerada antropización de la región.

Chemically Roughened Solid Silver: A Simple, Robust and Broadband SERS Substrate

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Shavini Wijesuriya

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS substrates manufactured using complex nano-patterning techniques have become the norm. However, their cost of manufacture makes them unaffordable to incorporate into most biosensors. The technique shown in this paper is low-cost, reliable and highly sensitive. Chemical etching of solid Ag metal was used to produce simple, yet robust SERS substrates with broadband characteristics. Etching with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH and nitric acid (HNO3 helped obtain roughened Ag SERS substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM and interferometry were used to visualize and quantify surface roughness. Flattened Ag wires had inherent, but non-uniform roughness having peaks and valleys in the microscale. NH4OH treatment removed dirt and smoothened the surface, while HNO3 treatment produced a flake-like morphology with visibly more surface roughness features on Ag metal. SERS efficacy was tested using 4-methylbenzenethiol (MBT. The best SERS enhancement for 1 mM MBT was observed for Ag metal etched for 30 s in NH4OH followed by 10 s in HNO3. Further, MBT could be quantified with detection limits of 1 pM and 100 µM, respectively, using 514 nm and 1064 nm Raman spectrometers. Thus, a rapid and less energy intensive method for producing solid Ag SERS substrate and its efficacy in analyte sensing was demonstrated.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detection of phenylketonuria for newborn screening

Science.gov (United States)

Javanmard, M.; Davis, R. W.

2014-02-01

Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria (PKU) in newborns is important because it can potentially help prevent mental retardation since it is treatable by dietary means. PKU results in phenylketonurics having phenylalanine levels as high as 2 mM whereas the normal upper limit in healthy newborns is 120 uM. To this end, we are developing a microfluidic platform integrated with a SERS substrate for detection of high levels of phenylalanine. We have successfully demonstrated SERS detection of phenylalanine using various SERS substrates fabricated using nanosphere lithography, which exhibit high levels of field enhancement. We show detection of SERS at clinically relevant levels.

Plasmonic crystal based solid substrate for biomedical application of SERS

Science.gov (United States)

Morasso, Carlo F.; Mehn, Dora; Picciolini, Silvia; Vanna, Renzo; Bedoni, Marzia; Gramatica, Furio; Pellacani, Paola; Frangolho, Ana; Marchesini, Gerardo; Valsesia, Andrea

2014-02-01

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that combines the excellent chemical specificity of Raman spectroscopy with the good sensitivity provided by the enhancement of the signal observed when a molecule is located on (or very close to) the surface of suitable nanostructured metallic materials. The availability of cheap, reliable and easy to use SERS substrates would pave the road to the development of bioanalytical tests that can be used in clinical practice. SERS, in fact, is expected to provide not only higher sensitivity and specificity, but also the simultaneous and markedly improved detection of several targets at the same time with higher speed compared to the conventional analytical methods. Here, we present the SERS activity of 2-D plasmonic crystals made by polymeric pillars embedded in a gold matrix obtained through the combination of soft-lithography and plasma deposition techniques on a transparent substrates. The use of a transparent support material allowed us to perform SERS detection from support side opening the possibility to use these substrates in combination with microfluidic devices. In order to demonstrate the potentialities for bioanalytical applications, we used our SERS active gold surface to detect the oxidation product of apomorphine, a well-known drug molecule used in Parkinson's disease which has been demonstrated being difficult to study by traditional HPLC based approaches.

Evaluación de requerimientos ecológicos para el diseño de regímenes ambientales de caudales fluviales

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Juan Manuel Diez-Hernández

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Las sociedades avanzadas medioambientalmente están reclamando progresivamente una gestión fluvial auténticamente integral, que implemente Planes de Manejo de Cuencas Hidrográficas fundamentados en el paradigma del Régimen Ambiental de Caudales (RAC. Este trabajo sugiere una metodología genérica para establecer RAC confiables, que posibiliten el aprovechamiento hídrico a un coste ecológico admisible. Adicionalmente, plantea los criterios y técnicas preferentes para la evaluación de los requerimientos ecosistémicos de caudal, los cuales componen el RAC mediante el Régimen de Caudales Ecológicos (RCE. La adaptación de estos procedimientos para los ríos de Colombia favorecerá la conservación de su valiosa biodiversidad. / The environmentally advanced societies are claiming progressively an authentically integral fluvial management, that implements Watershed Management Programs based on the paradigm of the Environmental Flows Regime (EFR. This work suggests a generic methodology for the reliable EFR setting, that facilitate the water use with an environmental acceptable cost. Additionally, it outlines the approaches and outstanding techniques for the evaluation of instream flow requirements, which constitute the EFR by means of the Instream Flow Regime (IFR. The adaptation of these approaches to the Colombian rivers will contribute to the conservation of their valuable biodiversity.

Fundamentos ecológicos y biogeográficos de la rareza de la avifauna madrileña: Una propuesta de modificación del catálogo regional de especies amenazadas

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Carrascal, L. M.

2006-05-01

Full Text Available The conservation status of bird species of Comunidad de Madrid is analysed using the ecological breadth of the species, the distribution area, their habitat preferences, and maximum ecological densities in the region. The species which are less widely distributed in Madrid are characterized by their low maximum ecological densities, narrow habitat breadths, and limited distribution in the Iberian peninsular. Another component defining regional rarity shows that large-sized species tend to reach lower densities than small-sized birds. These two gradients of ecological rarity are closely associated with the current categories of threat status in Madrid, and allow the proposal and justification of possible modifications of the regional catalogue for 11 species.

Se analiza el estatus de conservación de todas las Aves de la Comunidad de Madrid utilizando parámetros ecológicos asociados con la valencia ecológica de las especies, la extensión de su área de distribución, sus preferencias de hábitat y las densidades máximas ecológicas en la región. Las especies menos ampliamente distribuidas en la C.A. de Madrid se caracterizan por sus bajas densidades ecológicas máximas, y por ocupar menor variedad de hábitats y tienen una distribución muy restringida a escala peninsular. Otra componente de la rareza regional se relaciona directamente con la talla corporal, de manera que las especies de mayor tamaño tienden a alcanzar menores densidades que las especies más pequeñas. Estos dos gradientes de rareza ecológica se asocian estrechamente con las actuales categorías oficiales de amenaza de las aves de Madrid, y permiten proponer y justificar posibles modificaciones al Catálogo regional para 11 especies (Cuchara Común – ‘De Interés Especial’; Calamón Común – ‘De Interés Especial’; Alcaraván Común – ‘Sensible a la Alteración de su Hábitat’; Paloma Zurita – ‘De Interés Especial’; Torcecuello Euroasi

The 1984 ARI Survey of Army Recruits: Codebook for Summer 84 USAR and ARNG Survey Respondents

Science.gov (United States)

1986-05-01

THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS OR PROGRAMMING TYPES ON TV: NBA BASKETBALL . RAW DATA ICARD #I COLS ILENGTHI I _ _ _ I _ _ I _ _ _ I05 0-2-043 20I __ I I SAS...LEAG BASEBALL REG SEAS 249 T259 WATCH TV PROG:MJR LEAG BASEBALL PLAYOFFS 250 T260 WATCH TV PROG:WORLD SERIES 251 V T261 WATCH TV PROG:NBA BASKETBALL 252...T262 WATCH TV PROG:COLLEGE BASKETBALL 253 T263 WATCH TV PROG:NHL HOCKEY 254 T264 WATCH TV PROG:PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING 255 T265 WATCH TV PROG:CAR RACES

The 1984 ARI Survey of Army Recruits: Codebook for October 84/February 85 USAR (U.S. Army Reserve) and ARNG (Army National Guard) Survey Respondents

Science.gov (United States)

1986-05-01

USAR & ARNG SURVEY RESPONDENTS T261 - MARK ONE LETTER FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS OR PROGRAMMING TYPES ON TV: NBA BASKETBALL . RAW DATA TCARD 91...248 T259 WATCH TV PROG:MJR LEAG BASEBALL PLAYOFFS 249 T260 WATCH TV PROG:WORLD SERIES 250 T261 WATCH TV PROG:NBA BASKETBALL 251 T262 WATCH TV...PROG:COLLEGE BASKETBALL 252 T263 WATCH TV PROG:NHL HOCKEY 253 T264 WATCH TV PROG:PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING 254 T265 WATCH TV PROG:CAR RACES 255 T266 WATCH TV

Rareza, estatus de conservación y sus determinantes ecológicos. Revisión de su aplicación a escala regional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carrascal, L. M.

2006-05-01

Full Text Available This work reviews the relationships among the ecological basis of rarity, threat categories of species and the definition of their conservation status. When applying quantitative criteria to establish threat categories, there are many logical problems dealing with biodiversity conservation, biological problems dealing with the natural history of the species, and methodological problems linked to scientific design and reliability of the data; these limitations are assessed. It is not advisable to determine national or regional categories of threat when depending on speculative data without scientific credibility. This should be particularly worrying if regional rarity is based on purely biogeographical aspects (e.g., populations at the edges of total distribution ranges. Several alternatives are proposed to apply criteria determining the regional threat status.

En este trabajo se efectúa una revisión crítica sobre la rareza ecológica, las categorías de amenaza de las especies y la definición de su estatus de conservación. En la aplicación de los criterios cuantitativos para establecer categorías de amenaza existen numerosos problemas lógicos asociados con la conservación de la biodiversidad, biológicos relacionados con la historia natural de las especies y metodológicos vinculados a aspectos de diseño científico y fiabilidad de los datos. No sería recomendable crear categorías que definan el estatus de amenaza a escalas nacional o regional cuando los datos utilizados sean pura especulación. Esto es especialmente preocupante cuando la rareza a escala regional venga motivada por aspectos puramente biogeográficos (e.g., poblaciones en bordes de distribución. Se proponen alternativas para la aplicación de criterios definitorios de estatus de conservación a escala regional (p.e., nacional o comunidades autónomas.

Estudio comparativo in vitro de estrategias adaptativas en especies de Hylocereus, Cactaceae, con distribución ecológica contrastada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Máximo Moreira-Palacios

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Hylocereus ocamponis e Hylocereus triangularis son dos especies de cactáceas estrechamente relacionadas filogenéticamente pero que muestran hábitos de crecimiento completamente contrastados. La primera abunda en ecosistemas secos y la segunda en bosque tropical lluvioso, en bosques secos occidentales y la región amazónica del Ecuador, respectivamente. En el presente trabajo se empleó el cultivo in vitro como plataforma para el estudio de adaptaciones en ambas especies. El cultivo in vitro ofrece la posibilidad de estudiar de forma comparada la respuesta de explantes a reguladores del crecimiento en condiciones altamente controladas. Se evaluaron combinaciones de reguladores de crecimiento thidiazuron (TDZ, bencil amino purina (BAP, ácido naftalenacético (NAA, ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D y Kinetina (KIN en diferentes tipos de explantes para estudiar sus respuestas morfogenéticas y hacer una relación con la tolerancia al estrés y capacidad adaptativa (plasticidad fenotípica en H. ocamponis y H. triangularis. Los explantes de H. triangularis mostraron un mayor rango dinámico de respuesta a los tratamientos, especialmente durante la formación de cladodios y callos; la mejor formación de brotes (1,5 por explante y callos (0,75 por explante fue al aplicar 0,5 µl de TDZ con 0,5 µl de NAA. Los explantes de H. ocamponis mostraron casi siempre una inhibición ante los tratamientos y la mejor respuesta fue a la formación de raíces (1,43 por explante con 5 µl de BAP lo que puede estar directamente relacionado con su hábitat de procedencia. El cultivo in vitro resultó ser una metodología útil para el estudio de adaptaciones en especies con distribución ecológica contrastada y reveló una gran plasticidad en H. triangularis lo que concuerda con su capacidad de expansión de hábitat.

Conhecimento ecológico tradicional sobre plantas cultivadas pelos pescadores da comunidade Estirão Comprido, Pantanal matogrossense, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Ferreira de Morais

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa situa-se no campo da etnoecologia e aborda o conhecimento ecológico tradicional (CET sobre plantas cultivadas na comunidade de Estirão Comprido, rio Cuiabá, Barão de Melgaço, Pantanal matogrossense. Foram entrevistados 22 pescadores para a elaboração da lista livre de plantas. Para a análise da lista, foram utilizados: índice de saliência de Smith, análise de consenso cultural, similaridade e dissimilaridade com escalonamento multidimensional e técnica de empilhamento. O programa ANTHROPAC 4.0 foi utilizado para o tratamento estatístico dos dados. Por meio do índice de saliência de Smith, foram identificadas seis rupturas no domínio cultural sobre plantas cultivadas, concentrando-se em 116 etnoespécies. Laranja e milho foram citados com maior frequência e em primeiro lugar na lista, portanto, encontram-se na primeira ruptura da lista livre com índices de Smith 0,728 e 0,711, respectivamente. A análise de consenso cultural mostrou que o CET sobre plantas cultivadas caracteriza um consenso, concentrando-se em 18 etnoespécies. A análise de empilhamento evidenciou que o conhecimento sobre plantas está relacionado aos diferentes tipos de uso. Neste contexto, as possibilidades de uso e manejo aqui evidenciadas podem contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas destinadas à conservação da biodiversidade ecológica e cultural.

An association between apo-A4 gene polymorphism (Thr347Ser ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Pramod Kumar

Objective: We aimed at studying the relationship between apoA4 gene polymorphisms (Thr347Ser and ... showed significant association with lipid risk factors like high levels of ..... in German population showed that Ser347 allele is associated.

Highly Sensitive Filter Paper Substrate for SERS Trace Explosives Detection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro M. Fierro-Mercado

2012-01-01

Full Text Available We report on a novel and extremely low-cost surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS substrate fabricated depositing gold nanoparticles on common lab filter paper using thermal inkjet technology. The paper-based substrate combines all advantages of other plasmonic structures fabricated by more elaborate techniques with the dynamic flexibility given by the inherent nature of the paper for an efficient sample collection, robustness, and stability. We describe the fabrication, characterization, and SERS activity of our substrate using 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene as analytes. The paper-based SERS substrates presented a high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility for analytes employed, demonstrating a direct application in forensic science and homeland security.

BACH1 Ser919Pro variant and breast cancer risk

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eerola Hannaleena

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background BACH1 (BRCA1-associated C-terminal helicase 1; also known as BRCA1-interacting protein 1, BRIP1 is a helicase protein that interacts in vivo with BRCA1, the protein product of one of the major genes for hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. Previously, two BACH1 germ line missense mutations have been identified in early-onset breast cancer patients with and without family history of breast and ovarian cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether there are BACH1 genetic variants that contribute to breast cancer risk in Finland. Methods The BACH1 gene was screened for germ line alterations among probands from 43 Finnish BRCA1/2 negative breast cancer families. Recently, one of the observed common variants, Ser-allele of the Ser919Pro polymorphism, was suggested to associate with an increased breast cancer risk, and was here evaluated in an independent, large series of 888 unselected breast cancer patients and in 736 healthy controls. Results Six BACH1 germ line alterations were observed in the mutation analysis, but none of these were found to associate with the cancer phenotype. The Val193Ile variant that was seen in only one family was further screened in an independent series of 346 familial breast cancer cases and 183 healthy controls, but no additional carriers were observed. Individuals with the BACH1 Ser919-allele were not found to have an increased breast cancer risk when the Pro/Ser heterozygotes (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.70–1.16; p = 0.427 or Ser/Ser homozygotes (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.76–1.35; p = 0.91 were compared to Pro/Pro homozygotes, and there was no association of the variant with any breast tumor characteristics, age at cancer diagnosis, family history of cancer, or survival. Conclusion Our results suggest that the BACH1 Ser919 is not a breast cancer predisposition allele in the Finnish study population. Together with previous studies, our results also indicate that although some rare germ line variants

BACH1 Ser919Pro variant and breast cancer risk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vahteristo, Pia; Yliannala, Kristiina; Tamminen, Anitta; Eerola, Hannaleena; Blomqvist, Carl; Nevanlinna, Heli

2006-01-01

BACH1 (BRCA1-associated C-terminal helicase 1; also known as BRCA1-interacting protein 1, BRIP1) is a helicase protein that interacts in vivo with BRCA1, the protein product of one of the major genes for hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. Previously, two BACH1 germ line missense mutations have been identified in early-onset breast cancer patients with and without family history of breast and ovarian cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether there are BACH1 genetic variants that contribute to breast cancer risk in Finland. The BACH1 gene was screened for germ line alterations among probands from 43 Finnish BRCA1/2 negative breast cancer families. Recently, one of the observed common variants, Ser-allele of the Ser919Pro polymorphism, was suggested to associate with an increased breast cancer risk, and was here evaluated in an independent, large series of 888 unselected breast cancer patients and in 736 healthy controls. Six BACH1 germ line alterations were observed in the mutation analysis, but none of these were found to associate with the cancer phenotype. The Val193Ile variant that was seen in only one family was further screened in an independent series of 346 familial breast cancer cases and 183 healthy controls, but no additional carriers were observed. Individuals with the BACH1 Ser919-allele were not found to have an increased breast cancer risk when the Pro/Ser heterozygotes (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.70–1.16; p = 0.427) or Ser/Ser homozygotes (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.76–1.35; p = 0.91) were compared to Pro/Pro homozygotes, and there was no association of the variant with any breast tumor characteristics, age at cancer diagnosis, family history of cancer, or survival. Our results suggest that the BACH1 Ser919 is not a breast cancer predisposition allele in the Finnish study population. Together with previous studies, our results also indicate that although some rare germ line variants in BACH1 may contribute to breast cancer development, the

La economía ecológica y las formas de propiedad del manglar de la zona norte de Esmeraldas

OpenAIRE

Rosales Estupiñan, Mauricio

1995-01-01

Hay dos problemas urgentes por resolver en la zona norte de Esmeraldas: La pobreza de las comunidades locales, y la conversión (destrucción) de los manglares a camaroneras y sus externalidades. En la zona norte de Esmeraldas se encuentra el sistema de manglar comprendido entre los ríos Mataje y los alrededores de la desembocadura del río Santiago, con un extensión aproximada de 50.000 ha. Los manglares son un sistema ecológico abierto que interactúa con el mar, los estuarios, los esteros y la...

Estudios florísticos y ecológicos sobre las algas de agua dulce de turberas de Tierra del Fuego

OpenAIRE

Mataloni, María Gabriela

1994-01-01

En esta Tesis Doctoral se realizan diversas investigaciones florísticas y ecológicas sobre las algas de turberas de Sphagnum de la provincia de Tierra Fuego. Para ello se condijeron básicamente dos trabajos. en la primera parte se estudiaron ocho ojos de agua pertenecientes a siete turberas ubicadas en el sur de Tierra del Fuego. En cada una de ellas se muestrearon tanto el fitoplancton del agua libre como las algas que viven asociadas a Sphagnum a lo largo de un gradiente ambiental caracteri...

Trace determination of thiram using SERS-active hollow sea-urchin gold nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Guanghui; Zhang, Chuankun; Ma, Yanan; Wang, Zheng; Wang, Shun; Xu, Chan; Wang, Dashuang

2017-01-01

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is greatly structure-dependent on the absorbed nanoparticles. Nanostructures with different novel morphologies show different Raman enhancement factor orders of magnitude. Herein, a unique nanostructure with fruitful SERS-active sites, composed of hollow interiors and thorns which named as hollow sea-urchin gold nanoparticles (HSU-GNPs), was synthesized by using a one-pot galvanic replacement method. And the corresponding morphologies and optical properties were characterized by TEM images and absorption spectra. Importantly, the synthetic parameters of HSU-GNPs were optimized to obtain a superior SERS performance by analyzing the formation mechanism and the SERS spectra of R6G-labeled HSU-GNPs which obtained at different concentrations of AgNO_3. Furthermore, the SERS-based application of HSU-GNPs was performed on the dose-response detection of thiram. The experimental result shows this detection strategy is available for thiram with decent sensitivity and reproducibility, which suggests that it is an excellent candidate for the detection of pesticides.

Trace determination of thiram using SERS-active hollow sea-urchin gold nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Guanghui; Zhang, Chuankun, E-mail: zhangchk-lx@huat.edu.cn; Ma, Yanan; Wang, Zheng; Wang, Shun; Xu, Chan; Wang, Dashuang [Hubei University of Automotive Technology, School of Science (China)

2017-04-15

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is greatly structure-dependent on the absorbed nanoparticles. Nanostructures with different novel morphologies show different Raman enhancement factor orders of magnitude. Herein, a unique nanostructure with fruitful SERS-active sites, composed of hollow interiors and thorns which named as hollow sea-urchin gold nanoparticles (HSU-GNPs), was synthesized by using a one-pot galvanic replacement method. And the corresponding morphologies and optical properties were characterized by TEM images and absorption spectra. Importantly, the synthetic parameters of HSU-GNPs were optimized to obtain a superior SERS performance by analyzing the formation mechanism and the SERS spectra of R6G-labeled HSU-GNPs which obtained at different concentrations of AgNO{sub 3}. Furthermore, the SERS-based application of HSU-GNPs was performed on the dose-response detection of thiram. The experimental result shows this detection strategy is available for thiram with decent sensitivity and reproducibility, which suggests that it is an excellent candidate for the detection of pesticides.

Technology transfer and application of SERS continuous monitor for trace organic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swindle, D.W. Jr.; Vo-Dinh, T.; Yalcintas, M.G.

1992-01-01

An in situ-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) continuous monitoring system was developed for exciting and collecting SERS signals generated on silver-coated microparticles deposited on a continuously rotating filter-paper support. SERS measurements were successfully conducted for several organic compounds. An in situ SERS fiber-optic system was also developed for exciting and collecting SERS signals generated from a sensing tip having silver-coated microparticles deposited on a glass-plate support. These devices will be very useful in remote identification of unknown chemicals from hazardous waste sites. This patented technology has been licensed from Oak Ridge National Laboratory to an analytical instrumentation firm which is in the process of completing development and marketing these detectors. Advantages to using this technology range from increased safety and sensitivity for detecting hazardous compounds to better statistics and reliable results. During this presentation, efforts of the Environmental Restoration Program to evaluate and support development of this technology will be described

Gold dimer nanoantenna with slanted gap for tunable LSPR and improved SERS

KAUST Repository

Kessentini, Sameh

2014-02-13

We focus on improving the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of dimer nanoantenna by tailoring the shape of the coupled nanoantennas extremities from rounded to straight or slanted ones. A numerical model based on the discrete dipole approximation method-taking into account periodicity, adhesion layer, and roughness-is first validated by comparison with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and SERS experiments on round-edged dimer nanoantennas and then used to investigate the effect of the straight or slanted gap in the dimer antenna. Simulations show that both LSPR and SERS can be tuned by changing the gap slanting angle. The SERS enhancement factor can also be improved by 2 orders of magnitude compared to the one reached using a rounded gap. Therefore, the slanting angle can be used as a new control parameter in the design of SERS substrates to guarantee stronger field confinement and higher sensitivity, especially as its feasibility is demonstrated. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

Gold dimer nanoantenna with slanted gap for tunable LSPR and improved SERS

KAUST Repository

Kessentini, Sameh; Barchiesi, Dominique; D'Andrea, Cristiano; Toma, Andrea; Guillot, Nicolas; Di Fabrizio, Enzo M.; Fazio, Barbara; Maragó , Onofrio M.; Gucciardi, Pietro Giuseppe; Lamy De La Chapelle, Marc L.

2014-01-01

We focus on improving the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of dimer nanoantenna by tailoring the shape of the coupled nanoantennas extremities from rounded to straight or slanted ones. A numerical model based on the discrete dipole approximation method-taking into account periodicity, adhesion layer, and roughness-is first validated by comparison with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and SERS experiments on round-edged dimer nanoantennas and then used to investigate the effect of the straight or slanted gap in the dimer antenna. Simulations show that both LSPR and SERS can be tuned by changing the gap slanting angle. The SERS enhancement factor can also be improved by 2 orders of magnitude compared to the one reached using a rounded gap. Therefore, the slanting angle can be used as a new control parameter in the design of SERS substrates to guarantee stronger field confinement and higher sensitivity, especially as its feasibility is demonstrated. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

Análise ecológica dos acidentes e da violência letal em Vitória, ES

OpenAIRE

Bastos,Márcia de Jesus Rocha Pereira; Pereira,Jacira dos Anjos; Smarzaro,Dorian Chim; Costa,Everaldo Francisco; Bossanel,Regina Célia Lobo; Oliosa,Durvalina Maria Sesari; Pereira,Joseanny Gomes Poltronieri; Feitosa,Hideko Nagatani; Costa,Marcilene Favarato da; Oliveira,Fabiano José Pereira de; Fávero,Juliana Lopes; Maciel,Ethel Leonor Noia

2009-01-01

OBJETIVO: Analisar o contexto socioeconômico e sua relação com a incidência espacial da mortalidade devido à violência. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo do tipo ecológico no município de Vitória, ES, de 2000 a 2003, sobre a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes e violência, com base nas informações populacionais e socioeconômicas. Os dados sobre mortalidade foram relacionados a informações como local de residência da vítima, tipo de ocorrência, sexo e raça/cor. A análise das informa...

Estudos ecológicos preliminares e caracterização química dos Cnidaria da costa noroeste portuguesa

OpenAIRE

Gadelha, Juliana Rodrigues

2007-01-01

O levantamento de recursos em espécies marinhas em Portugal ainda é incipiente, considerando que este domínio de investigação tem sido amplamente desenvolvido noutros pontos do globo, pescas, química, bioquímica e farmacologia de organismos marinhos, de modo a obter informações sobre a química de produtos naturais e ecologia química de organismos marinhos derivadas destes organismos. São de realçar a importância das defesas químicas para as relações ecológicas de predação, comp...

Las áreas naturales protegidas y la investigación ecológica de largo plazo en México

OpenAIRE

Maass Moreno, Manuel; Jardel Peláez, Enrique; Martínez Yrízar, Angelina; Calderón Aguilera, Luis; Herrera Silveira, Jorge; Castillo Álvarez, Alicia; Euán Ávila, Jorge; Equihua Zamora, Miguel

2010-01-01

Detrás de la actual crisis ambiental está nuestra limitada comprensión de los procesos ecológicos y sociales que operan a escalas espacio-temporales amplias. Esta falta de conocimiento ha desencadenado fallos en los esquemas de manejo y utilización de los servicios y recursos que nos brindan los ecosistemas naturales, lo que a su vez ha provocado su deterioro a escalas globales. Una respuesta de la comunidad académica a este vacío del conocimiento ha sido la formación de grupos de científicos...

Self-assembly Ag nanoparticle monolayer film as SERS Substrate for pesticide detection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Li, E-mail: zhlisuzh@163.com [School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials (Cultivating Base), Suzhou University, SuZhou 234000 (China)

2013-04-01

A self-assembled protocol is introduced to provide effective platforms for the fabrication of ordered Ag nanosized monolayer film. The assembled Ag nanosized monolayer film was characterized using scanning electronic microscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The results show that the assembled SERS substrate own excellent Raman enhancement and reproducibility. The synthesized SERS-active substrate was further used to detect methyl-parathion, and the limitation of detection can reach 10{sup −7} M.

Development of an optical fiber SERS microprobe for minimally invasive sensing applications

Science.gov (United States)

Mamun, Md Abdullah Al; Juodkazis, Saulius; Mahadevan-Jansen, Anita; Stoddart, Paul R.

2018-02-01

Numerous potential biomedical sensing applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) have been reported, but its practical use has been limited by the lack of a robust sensing platform. Optical fiber SERS probes show great promise, but are limited by the prominent silica Raman background, which requires the use of bulky optics for filtering the signal collection and excitation delivery paths. In the present study, a SERS microprobe has been designed and developed to eliminate the bottlenecks outlined above. For efficient excitation and delivery of the SERS signal, both hollow core photonic crystal fiber and double clad fiber have been investigated. While the hollow core fiber was still found to have excessive silica background, the double clad fiber allows efficient signal collection via the multi-mode inner cladding. A micro filtering mechanism has been designed, which can be integrated into the tip of the optical fiber SERS probe, providing filtering to suppress silica Raman background and thus avoiding the need for bulky optics. The design also assists in the efficient collection of SERS signal from the sample by rejecting Rayleigh scattered light from the sample. Optical fiber cleaving using ultra-short laser pulses was tested for improved control of the fiber tip geometry. With this miniaturized and integrated filtering mechanism, it is expected that the developed probe will promote the use of SERS for minimally invasive biomedical monitoring and sensing applications in future. The probe could potentially be placed inside a small gauge hypodermic needle and would be compatible with handheld portable spectrometers.

Determinación de la Huella de Carbono de productos agrícolas en una finca de agricultura ecológica

OpenAIRE

ROIG BENEDITO, MIGUEL

2017-01-01

[ES] La necesidad de paliar el cambio climático hace necesario reducir las emisiones absolutas en todos los sectores, incluso en la agricultura. La determinación de la Huella de Carbono en los productos permite estimar las emisiones de GEI (Gases de Efecto Invernadero) durante el ciclo de vida de los productos agrícolas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los distintos gases de efecto invernadero que se producen en una explotación de agricultura ecológica. Para ello s...

Prominent stylistic aspects in music of Nāser Khosrow's poetry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morteza Mohseni

2017-04-01

Full Text Available It is axiomatic  for those who are stylistically a little familiar  about  the periods of  Persian  poetry  that  quasidas  of  Nāser-e Khosrow are totally  different  from  those  of  the  poets  in  fifth  lunar  century  both  in  terms  of  their  contents  and  technically.  This difference  is  seen  even  in  those  areas  of  his  poetry in which the poet is confided to make innovations. This paper investigates Nāser-e Khosrow's style in the field of the music of poetry. It also aims to identify his slylistic differences comparing with those of his most famous contemporaries (Onsori, Farrokhi and Manoochehri in external, lateral and internal areas.      As the first  step, all the Nāser Khosrow's poems -exept for additions section- was considered the Scope of this study, accompanied by main parts of other three cited  poets' divans (poetical works which consists almost 23600 distiches. For the second stage, each poet's divan were separatly scrutinized in three fields of the music of poetry. The frequency of each cases were recorded and after comparing statistics related to Nāser-e Khosrow's poems with other tree poets,  stylistic charachteristics of his poetry were explored. Statistical information related to the poets were generally recorded in a table and some parts of them were shown in a bar graph. It seems necessary to note that the researcher considered two items of  innovation and frequncy in all phases of the study.     Most of the studies done in the field of Nāser-e Khosrow's music of poetry, investigated the prosody and meter of his poetry. Most of these studies considered difficulty and relevancy as the important prosodic characteristics of  his poetry. Regarding the lateral and internal areas of Nāser-e Khosrow's poetry, there are not much argument proposed except for using difficult rhymes and nominal radifs ( for lateral music of poetry and attending to figures of

Effects of surface topography on SERS response: Correlating nanoscopy with spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Sumit Kumar; Ghosh, Manash; Chowdhury, Joydeep

2018-05-01

This paper reports for the first time the hidden correlation between the topographical features of the bilayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film substrates of stearic acid (SA) incubated in Au@Ag nanocolloids over various dipping times (DTs) with their corresponding SERS responses. The topographies of the as prepared substrates are investigated from the statistical considerations in terms of lateral correlation length, interface width, Hurst and Lyapnov exponents. The real space of the substrates are mapped directly from the FESEM and AFM images of the bilayer LB film of SA immersed in Au@Ag nanocolloids over various DTs ranging between 6 and 72 h. The SERS spectra of the Rhodamine 6G molecules adsorbed on the as prepared substrates have been reported. The statistical parameters of the substrates that exhibit maximum SERS efficacy have been suggested. The far field distributions in presence and in absence of Raman dipole together with spatial distribution of the near field from the hottest spot of the as prepared substrate have also been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first report that links nanoscopy with SERS spectroscopy from statistical considerations and is expected to open a new window towards the fabrication of more efficient and reproducible SERS active substrates in future endeavours.

Contradições da política ambiental por meio de incentivos financeiros: os casos do ICMS ecológico e da CFEM nos municípios do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Minas Gerais, Brasil)

OpenAIRE

Euclydes, Ana Carolina Pinheiro

2013-01-01

A partir do levantamento dos valores recebidos pelos municípios situados na região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, em Minas Gerais, em decorrência do ICMS Ecológico, repassado pelo Estado e da Compensação Financeira pela Exploração de Recursos Minerais (CFEM) recebida da União, este artigo relativiza o potencial do ICMS Ecológico para incentivar os municípios mineradores a criarem ou apoiarem unidades de conservação (UCs) em seus territórios. Nesta discussão, trazem-se à tona avaliações técnicas e...

Proyecto de inversión para la construcción de un Hostal Ecológico ubicado en el cantón General Villamil Playas a implementarse a partir del período 2010 – 2011, con participación de la comunidad

OpenAIRE

Tejada Vera, Mariuxi Angelina; Granda González, Cinthia Nathaly

2011-01-01

En la actualidad las personas desean encontrar lugares donde puedan admirar y recrearse con la naturaleza, la flora, la fauna, estudiar, disfrutar tanto con estos elementos naturales, como con la cultura humana propia del lugar es por eso que ahora el turismo ecológico ofrece una mejor calidad de vida para las personas en relación al medio ambiente. El turismo ecológico a nivel mundial es una corriente que desarrolla una actividad conservacionista del patrimonio de los pueblos, las investigac...

Rapid detection of salmonella using SERS with silver nano-substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Sundaram, J.; Park, B.; Hinton, A., Jr.; Windham, W. R.; Yoon, S. C.; Lawrence, K. C.

2011-06-01

Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) can detect the pathogen in rapid and accurate. In SERS weak Raman scattering signals are enhanced by many orders of magnitude. In this study silver metal with biopolymer was used. Silver encapsulated biopolymer polyvinyl alcohol nano-colloid was prepared and deposited on stainless steel plate. This was used as metal substrate for SERS. Salmonella typhimurium a common food pathogen was selected for this study. Salmonella typhimurium bacteria cells were prepared in different concentrations in cfu/mL. Small amount of these cells were loaded on the metal substrate individually, scanned and spectra were recorded using confocal Raman microscope. The cells were exposed to laser diode at 785 nm excitation and object 50x was used to focus the laser light on the sample. Raman shifts were obtained from 400 to 2400 cm-1. Multivariate data analysis was carried to predict the concentration of unknown sample using its spectra. Concentration prediction gave an R2 of 0.93 and standard error of prediction of 0.21. The results showed that it could be possible to find out the Salmonella cells present in a low concentration in food samples using SERS.

Analysis of silver nanoparticles in antimicrobial products using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Huiyuan; Zhang, Zhiyun; Xing, Baoshan; Mukherjee, Arnab; Musante, Craig; White, Jason C; He, Lili

2015-04-07

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commonly used nanoparticles in consumer products. Concerns over human exposure to and risk from these particles have resulted in increased interest in novel strategies to detect AgNPs. This study investigated the feasibility of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a method for the detection and quantification of AgNPs in antimicrobial products. By using ferbam (ferric dimethyl-dithiocarbamate) as an indicator molecule that binds strongly onto the nanoparticles, AgNPs detection and discrimination were achieved based on the signature SERS response of AgNPs-ferbam complexes. SERS response with ferbam was distinct for silver ions, silver chloride, silver bulk particles, and AgNPs. Two types of AgNPs with different coatings, citrate and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP), both showed strong interactions with ferbam and induced strong SERS signals. SERS was effectively applicable for detecting Ag particles ranging from 20 to 200 nm, with the highest signal intensity in the 60-100 nm range. A linear relationship (R(2) = 0.9804) between Raman intensity and citrate-AgNPs concentrations (60 nm; 0-20 mg/L) indicates the potential for particle quantification. We also evaluated SERS detection of AgNPs in four commercially available antimicrobial products. Combined with ICP-MS and TEM data, the results indicated that the SERS response is primarily dependent on size, but also affected by AgNPs concentration. The findings demonstrate that SERS is a promising analytical platform for studying environmentally relevant levels of AgNPs in consumer products and related matrices.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using Ag nanoparticle films produced by pulsed laser deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smyth, C.A., E-mail: smythc2@tcd.ie [School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 (Ireland); Mirza, I.; Lunney, J.G.; McCabe, E.M. [School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 (Ireland)

2013-01-01

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) produces silver nanoparticle films. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer These films can be used for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Commercial film shows good SERS reproducibility but poor signal intensity. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer PLD shows a good SERS response coupled with good reproducibility. - Abstract: Thin silver nanoparticle films, of thickness 7 nm, were deposited onto glass microslides using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The films were then characterised using UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy before Rhodamine 6G was deposited onto them for investigation using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The sensitivity obtained using SERS was compared to that obtained using a colloidal silver suspension and also to a commercial SERS substrate. The reproducibility of the films is also examined using statistical analysis.

SERS study of transformation of phenylalanine to tyrosine under particle irradiation

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jingjing; Huang, Qing; Yao, Guohua; Ke, Zhigang; Zhang, Hong; Lu, Yilin

2014-08-01

Surface enhanced Raman scattering or spectroscopy (SERS) is a very powerful analytical tool which has been widely applied in many scientific research and application fields. It is therefore also very intriguing for us to introduce SERS technique in the radiobiological research, where in many cases only a very few of biomolecules are subjected to changes which however can lead to significant biological effects. The radiation induced biochemical reactions are normally very sophisticated with different substances produced in the system, so currently it is still a big challenge for SERS to analyze such a mixture system which contains multiple analytes. In this context, this work aimed to establish and consolidate the feasibility of SERS as an effective tool in radiation chemistry, and this purpose, we employed SERS as a sensitive probe to a known process, namely, the oxidation of phenylalanine (Phe) under particle irradiation, where the energetic particles were obtained from either plasma discharge or electron-beam. During the irradiation, three types of tyrosine (Tyr), namely, p-Tyr, m-Tyr and o-Tyr were produced, and all these tyrosine isomers together with Phe could be identified and measured based on the SERS spectral analysis of the corresponding enhanced characteristic signals, namely, 1002 cm-1 for Phe, 1161 cm-1 for p-Tyr, 990 cm-1 for m-Tyr, and 970 cm-1 for o-Tyr, respectively. The estimation of the quantities of different tyrosine isomers were also given and verified by conventional method such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As for comparison of different ways of particle irradiation, our results also indicated that electron-beam irradiation was more efficient for converting Phe into Tyr than plasma discharge treatment, confirming the role of hydroxyl radicals in the Phe-Tyr conformation. Therefore, our work has not only demonstrated that SERS can be successfully applied in the radiobiological study, but also given insights into the

A practicable detection system for genetically modified rice by SERS-barcoded nanosensors.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Kun; Han, Heyou; Luo, Zhihui; Wang, Yanjun; Wang, Xiuping

2012-04-15

Since the global cultivation of genetically modified crops constantly expands, it remains a high demand to establish different ways to sort food and feed that consist or contain genetically modified organisms. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a flexible tool for biological analysis due to its excellent properties for detecting wide varieties of target biomolecules including nucleic acids. In the present study, a SERS-barcoded nanosensor was developed to detect Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene-transformed rice expressing insecticidal proteins. The barcoded sensor was designed by encapsulation of gold nanoparticles with silica and conjugation of oligonucleotide strands for targeting DNA strands. The transition between the cry1A(b) and cry1A(c) fusion gene sequence was used to construct a specific SERS-based detection method with a detection limit of 0.1 pg/mL. In order to build the determination models to screen transgene, a series mixture of Bt rice and normal rice were prepared for SERS assay, and the limit of detection was 0.1% (w/w) transgenic Bt rice relative to normal rice. The sensitivity and accuracy of the SERS-based assay was comparable with real-time PCR. The SERS-barcoded analytical method would provide precise detection of transgenic rice varieties but also informative supplement to avoid false positive outcomes. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Starting points for the reference path in the evaluation of the SER Energy Agreement for Sustainable Growth; Uitgangspunten voor het referentiepad bij de evaluatie van het SER-energieakkoord

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koelemeijer, R.; Verdonk, M. [Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving PBL, Den Haag (Netherlands); Van Dril, T.; Seebregts, A. [ECN Beleidsstudies, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2013-09-01

The effect of the measures from the SER (Social and Economic Council of the Netherlands) energy agreement on energy, renewable energy and greenhouse gas emissions is assessed by ECN and PBL in relation to the so-called SER-reference path. This paper provides an overview of the assumptions for this reference path with regard to policy, macro-economic development, demography and energy prices and the CO2 price and gives the effect on the price for electricity [Dutch] Het effect van de maatregelen uit het SER-energieakkoord op energiegebruik, hernieuwbare energie en broeikasgasemissies is door ECN en PBL geraamd ten opzichte van het z.g. SER-referentiepad. Deze notitie geeft een overzicht van de gehanteerde uitgangspunten voor dit referentiepad ten aanzien van beleid, macro-economische groei, demografie en energie- en de CO2-prijs en geeft het effect daarvan op de elektriciteitsprijs.

Tatuajes y su eliminación por láser

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T. Castro

Full Text Available La eliminación de los tatuajes con buen resultado cosmético ha sido una inquietud mantenida durante siglos. La introducción del tratamiento láser ha supuesto un avance importante de cara a obtener buenos resultados con mínimos efectos secundarios. En este trabajo se exponen los diferentes tipos de tatuajes con sus características de pigmento, origen, tipos de tratamientos para su eliminación, y entre ellos, la utilización de la tecnología láser, más concretamente de los láseres de emisión en Q-Switch con sus ventajas y limitaciones. Presentamos también los avances y el futuro de la aplicación del láser en el tratamiento de los tatuajes.

Towards an ecological index for tropical soil quality based on soil macrofauna Em busca de um índice ecológico para a qualidade de solo tropical com base na macrofauna edáfica

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Esperanza Huerta

2009-08-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to construct a simple index based on the presence/absence of different groups of soil macrofauna to determine the ecological quality of soils. The index was tested with data from 20 sites in South and Central Tabasco, Mexico, and a positive relation between the model and the field observations was detected. The index showed that diverse agroforestry systems had the highest soil quality index (1.00, and monocrops without trees, such as pineapple, showed the lowest soil quality index (0.08. Further research is required to improve this model for natural systems that have very low earthworm biomass (O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir um índice simples com base na presença/ausência de diferentes grupos da macrofauna edáfica para auxiliar na determinação da qualidade ecológica dos solos. O índice foi testado com dados de 20 locais do sul e centro do Estado de Tabasco, México, e foi observada uma correlação positiva entre o dados gerados pelo modelo e pelas observações de campo. O índice de qualidade de solo mostrou que diversos sistemas agroflorestais tiveram a mais alta qualidade de solo (1,0 e que os monocultivos sem árvores, como o de abacaxi, apresentaram a qualidade de solo mais baixa (0,08. Este modelo precisa ser melhor desenvolvido para ser aplicado eficientemente em sistemas que apresentam naturalmente baixas densidades de minhocas (<10 g m-2 e número elevado de espécies de minhocas (5-7, como ocorre em solos de floresta tropical, cujo índice de qualidade de solo apresentou valores médios (0,5. A aplicação desse índice precisará de um guia ilustrado para os seus usuários. Mais estudos são necessários para testar o seu emprego por fazendeiros.

Reciclo-óleo: do óleo de cozinha ao sabão ecológico, um projeto de educação ambiental

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Maria Isabel Morgan Martins

2016-10-01

Full Text Available O consumo de óleo faz parte do dia-a-dia das famílias, restaurantes, indústrias e com ele o descarte incorreto do óleo de cozinha usado (OCU se torna um grave problema ambiental. Quando despejado no lixo comum impermeabiliza e contamina o solo, porque a decomposição aumenta o efeito estufa, na rede de esgoto compromete as tubulações das residências e das cidades e ao atingir os rios forma uma película na água que impede a passagem de luz e oxigênio a flora e a fauna aquática. Objetivo: é promover a educação ambiental para o descarte correto e a reciclagem do óleo de cozinha usado, transformando-o em sabão em barra ecológico, gerando renda e sustentabilidade. Método/ atividades de extensão: o projeto apresenta duas linhas bem definidas à educação ambiental e o desenvolvimento de receitas que transformam do OCU em sabão em barra ecológico. O projeto educa para a consciência e responsabilidade ambiental a diferentes grupos da comunidade, ensina e orienta a importância de dar o destino correto ao OCU, bem como, a reciclagem com sustentabilidade, criando alternativa de geração de renda. Desde 2010, as oficinas foram realizadas em diferentes bairros, escolas e empresas dos municípios da grande Porto Alegre, RS. As receitas foram desenvolvidas no laboratório do campus da ULBRA Gravataí, e apresentam baixo custo, para a fabricação “caseira” do sabão ecológico. O primeiro processo é educar com consciência ambiental. Considerações finais: o reciclo-óleo contribui para o combate à poluição e manutenção dos recursos naturais. Portanto, com ações de educação em saúde é possível refletir positivamente na preservação do meio ambiente, contribuindo, dessa forma, para o desenvolvimento sustentável e para a promoção da saúde das cidades.

LA GENÉTICA Y LA DIGNIDAD DEL SER HUMANO

OpenAIRE

Nicolás Jouve de Barreda

2013-01-01

Los elementos biológicos del hombre no son suficientes para afrontar las cuestiones bioéticas que se plantean en torno al concepto de persona, pero son necesarios para definir con precisión las propiedades de los seres humanos y los aspectos teológicos, filosóficos y jurídicos que son atribuibles a cada persona. El ser humano es un ser singular. En él que conviven dos dimensiones de distinta naturaleza, una material y otra espiritual, y precisamente esta es la principal de las diferencias en...

SERS Raman Sensor Based on Diameter-Modulated Sapphire Fiber

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimoji, Yutaka

2010-08-09

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been observed using a sapphire fiber coated with gold nano-islands for the first time. The effect was found to be much weaker than what was observed with a similar fiber coated with silver nanoparticles. Diameter-modulated sapphire fibers have been successfully fabricated on a laser heated pedestal growth system. Such fibers have been found to give a modest increase in the collection efficiency of induced emission. However, the slow response of the SERS effect makes it unsuitable for process control applications.

O cotidiano do ser-adolescendo com aids: movimento ou momento existencial?

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Cristiane Cardoso de Paula

Full Text Available As crianças com AIDS por transmissão vertical transitam da infância para adolescência, e pouco se sabe sobre como cuidam de si. Compreender este cotidiano do adolescer foi o objetivo desta investigação fenomenológica com análise hermenêutica heideggeriana. A entrevista com 11 meninos/meninas (12-14 anos não institucionalizados, que conheciam seu diagnóstico, ocorreu depois da aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética de três instituições do Rio de Janeiro, cenários da pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram um cotidiano marcado pelos momentos infância e adolescência. Às vezes quer voltar a ser-criança para brincar; se re-conhece como ser-adolescente pela aparência, humor, atividades diárias, lazer e relacionamentos. Transitando entre esses momentos, re-vela-se como ser-adolescendo. Neste movimento existencial des-vela-se como ser-de-possibilidades, que não está limitado à dupla-facticidade: adolescer (segundo demarcações etárias e características predeterminadas e AIDS (fragilidade clínica. Portanto, conjugar as dimensões biológica e existencial, no modelo assistencial-institucional, é o desafio do cuidado ao ser-adolescendo.

El plan director de la vega baja de Toledo, España: paisaje patrimonial, ecológico y urbano.

OpenAIRE

Hernandez Aja, Agustin; Roch Peña, Fernando; Moran Alonso, Nerea; Fernandez Ramirez, Cristina

2014-01-01

La Vega Baja de Toledo constituye un gran vacío urbano que, por avatares históricos, se ha mantenido al margen del crecimiento de la ciudad, rodeada por el casco histórico de Toledo, los barrios del ensanche norte y el río Tajo. Su localización privilegiada, junto a la riqueza patrimonial y ecológica del espacio, han sido las bases de la propuesta del Plan Director de la Vega Baja (PDVB). El objetivo del PDVB ha sido articular este vacío y abrirlo a la población, a la vez que proteger y re...

O marketing ecológico como vantagem competitiva Green marketing as a competitive advantage

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Sérgio Luís Stirbolov Motta

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A competição entre as organizações existe basicamente porque um ou mais players atuais ou potenciais, de um determinado setor econômico, percebem a oportunidade de melhorar sua posição (ou estabelecê-la ou se sentem pressionados por outro player, ou seja, os movimentos de uma empresa repercutem nas demais, numa relação de interdependência. Dessa forma, é constante a busca por alternativas que permitam o desenvolvimento empresarial. Este trabalho aponta um caminho que há algum tempo vem sendo percorrido por empresas, mas apenas nos últimos anos vem ganhando destaque nos meios de comunicação e na consciência dos indivíduos: a gerência de ações de marketing ecológico. A partir dos dados de uma pesquisa exploratória realizada na cidade de São Paulo e dos modelos de vantagem competitiva de Porter e de D'Aveni, pôde-se constatar que a prática de marketing ecológico pelas empresas pode constituir vantagem competitiva, não obstante o fato de esse fenômeno não ocorrer atualmente, pois tanto o conhecimento sobre as questões ambientais quanto as atitudes positivas em relação à preservação ambiental já estão presentes nos consumidores.Organizational competition exists because players or potential ones in an economic sector perceive an opportunity to improve or establish their position and may feel pressured by others. Therefore actions of one company have repercussions on the others, disclosing interdependence. As such, there is a constant pursuit for alternatives that foster company development. This article highlights the management of ecological marketing, an approach that companies have accompanied for some time and which only in recent years has attracted the attention of media and individuals. Based upon an exploratory survey made in the city of São Paulo as well as models of competitive advantage by Porter and D'Aveni, it was shown that green marketing may be of advantage. Although this is not a current practice

Acerca de tres dimensiones del ser humano

OpenAIRE

Fúnez, Rubén

2007-01-01

El autor resume las ideas importantes del libro "Tres dimensiones del ser humano", se pregunta por la importancia del planteamiento zubiriano, tanto para la historia de la filosofía, como para la situación que actualmente nos ha tocado vivir.

SERS Detection of Penicillin G Using Magnetite Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles

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Paula C. Pinheiro

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Sensitive and reliable procedures for detecting vestigial antibiotics are of great relevance for water quality monitoring due to the occurrence of such emergent pollutants in the aquatic environment. As such, we describe here research concerning the use of multifunctional nanomaterials combining magnetic and plasmonic components. These nanomaterials have been prepared by decorating magnetite nanoparticles (MNP with colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs of distinct particle size distributions. Several analytical conditions were investigated in order to optimize the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS detection of penicillin G (PG dissolved in water. In particular, the dependence of the SERS signal by using distinct sized Au NPs adsorbed at the MNP was investigated. Additionally, microscopic methods, including Raman confocal microscopy, were employed to characterize the SERS substrates and then to qualitatively detect penicillin G using such substrates. For example, magnetic–plasmonic nanocomposites can be employed for magnetically concentrate analyte molecules and their removal from solution. As a proof of concept, we applied magneto-plasmonic nanosorbents in the removal of aqueous penicillin G and demonstrate the possibility of SERS sensing this antibiotic.

[Preparation of a kind of SERS-active substrates for spot fast analysis].

Science.gov (United States)

Ji, Nan; Li, Zhi-Shi; Zhao, Bing; Zou, Bo

2013-02-01

A kind of SERS-active substrates was prepared using chemical self-assembly method, aiming at spot fast analysis using portable Raman spectrometer. PDDA was first absorbed on the inner wall of vials, and then Ag colloids were assembled on the inner wall. UV-Vis spectra and Raman spectra of two kinds of blank vials were investigated and the transparent vials were thought to be better for SERS-vials. UV-Vis spectra were used to monitor the assembly process of Ag colloids. SERS activity of our substrates was characterized using p-ATP as probing molecules.

Electrodeposited Silver Nanoparticles Patterned Hexagonally for SERS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gu, Geun Hoi; Lee, Sue Yeone; Suh, Jung Sang

2010-01-01

We have fabricated hexagonally patterned silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by electrodepositing silver on the surface of an aluminum plate prepared by completely removing the oxide from anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Even after completely removing the oxide, well-ordered hexagonal patterns, similar to the shape of graphene, remained on the surface of the aluminum plate. The borders of the hexagonal pattern protruded up to form sorts of nano-mountains at both the sides and apexes of the hexagon, with the apexes protruding even more significantly than the sides. The aluminum plate prepared by completely removing the oxide has been used in the preparation of SERS substrates by sputter-coating of gold or silver on it. Instead of sputter-coating, here we have electro-deposited silver on the aluminum plate. When silver was electro-deposited on the plate, silver nanoparticles were made along the hexagonal margins.

PROPUESTA DE MINIMIZACIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL PRODUCIDO POR VERTIDOS DE ACEITES VEGETALES USADOS

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Héctor Chamorro

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo Desarrolla una propuesta para minimizar el impacto ambiental producido por los vertidos de los aceites vegetales usados (AVU a las redes de aguas de desecho municipales, vertederos, rellenos sanitarios, cuerpos de aguas naturales. . Se determinó y cuantificó el universo de potenciales suplidores de aceites vegetales usados en la ciudad de Puerto Ordaz, Con los AVU se producirá un combustible ecológico, a través de la transesterificación de esteres. Se diseño y construyo una planta piloto para estudiar las reacciones químicas involucradas en el proceso y la producción del combustible ecológico (BIODIESEL, que podrá ser utilizado en cualquier motor Diesel.

Laudato Si” La Encíclica ecológica

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Luz Bettina Villalobos

2015-07-01

Full Text Available El pasado 18 de junio el Papa Francisco de la iglesia Católica Romana, dio a conocer la Encíclica “ Laudato Si” (Alabado sea el Creador, tomado del Cántico de las Criaturas de San Francisco de Asís, reconocido como el patrono de la Ecología. Esta Carta Magisterial, representa un llamado de atención no solo a los cristianos católicos, sino a todos sin importar credo religioso o raza, pues es el llamado a recordar que este planeta es el único que habitamos, es el único que tenemos y que nuestra permanencia en él como humanidad, depende de cuánto lo respetemos y cuidemos. Más que una visión ecológica del grave problema que afrenta la humanidad por el calentamiento global, contaminación de las aguas, agotamiento de las tierras cultivables, es que toda esta problemática recae en una buena parte de la población más pobre del planeta. Urge por lo tanto un cambio de ruta en la vida de los humanos que nos permita ofrecer a las generaciones futuras un lugar habitable, limpio, en paz. Es por ello que esta encíclica propone un diálogo entre todos para afrontar y resolver los problemas que no distinguen, entre países, religiones o razas. Es una gran convocatoria a todo el mundo en pro del cuidado de la Naturaleza, la fragilidad de las interrelaciones que existen entre los factores bióticos y abióticos, que permiten la sustentabilidad de la vida y su evolución

Flexible SERS Substrates: Challenges and Opportunities

Science.gov (United States)

2016-01-28

are still widely used due to the ease with which silver and gold nanoparticles can be produced. Nanoparticle inks are colloidal suspensions of...interactions between the analyte, silver nanoparticles, and a salt. This system has also been applied to detection of trace antibiotics for food safety...Cleanable SERS Substrates Based on Silver Nanoparticle Decorated Electrospun Nano-fibrous Membranes Chaoyang Jiang Porous electrospun nanofibrous

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e ganhos de seleção em progênies de polinização aberta de açaizeiro Estimates of genetic parameters and selection gains in progenyes of open pollination of açai tree (Euterpe oleracea

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João Tomé de Farias Neto

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a variabilidade genética, estimar parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos, e realizar a predição de valores genéticos dos indivíduos de açaizeiro irrigado no Estado do Pará, utilizando a metodologia BLUP/REML a partir da avaliação de progênies com base nos caracteres altura do primeiro cacho (APC, peso total do cacho (PTC, peso total de frutos (PTF, número de cachos (NC, peso médio do cacho (PMC, comprimento médio da ráquis (CMR, número médio de ráquilas (NMR, número de perfilhos (NP e peso médio de cem frutos (P100. Cinqüenta progênies foram avaliadas em dois látices 5 x 5 com duas repetições e parcelas lineares de cinco plantas cada, no espaçamento de 5 m x 5 m. O programa computacional Selegen- Reml/Blup foi utilizado para as análises genéticas e a identificação dos melhores indivíduos para compor a população de produção de sementes para um programa a curto prazo e a de melhoramento para um programa a longo prazo. As correlações genotípicas de maiores magnitudes foram aquelas envolvendo o peso total de frutos e peso total do cacho, peso total do cacho e número de cacho e peso total de fruto e número de cacho, indicando que a seleção para peso total de frutos pode ser realizada por meio da seleção daquela de mais fácil seleção. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos obtidos revelam excelente potencial seletivo da população e variabilidade genética suficiente para o melhoramento genético da população a curto e longo prazos. Ganho genético considerável de 45,33% em relação à média do experimento pode ser obtido com a seleção dos 20 melhores indivíduos para o caráter produção total de frutos.The present work aimed to study the genetic variability, estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters and to conduct the prediction of genetic values of individuals of irrigated açai tree in the state of Pará. The objective was the selection

Genetic evaluation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Mato Grosso State, Brazil Avaliação genética de Eucalyptus camaldulensis no Estado de Mato Grosso

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Reginaldo Brito da Costa

2012-06-01

Full Text Available

The study aimed to estimate parameters, values and genetic gain for growth traits in progenies of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, in the State of Mato Grosso. The progenies test was conducted under a randomized block design with 132 progenies, five replications and three plants in single rows, spaced 3 m x 2 m in Santo Antonio do Leverger, MT. At 24 months of age, progenies were evaluated for the characters: a diameter at base height (DBH, in centimeters, b total height, in meters, c survival. The individual in the narrow sense heritability for the traits studied can be considered medium to high magnitude (0.13 and 0.21 for height and diameter, respectively. The heritability for survival were practically nil, due to low genetic variability among the progenies, as evidenced by high survival rate of the plants (96.8%. The phenotypic and genetic correlations were of high magnitude for DBH and height prediction. There is genetic variation among progenies for growth traits which will provide significant genetic gains with selection.

doi: 10.4336/2012.pfb.32.70.49

O estudo objetivou estimar parâmetros, valores e ganhos genéticos para caracteres de crescimento em progênies de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, no estado de Mato Grosso. O teste de progênies foi instalado sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 132 progênies, cinco repetições e três plantas por parcela em linhas simples, no espaçamento 3 m x 2 m no município de Santo Antonio do Leverger, MT. Aos 24 meses de idade, as progênies foram avaliadas quanto aos caracteres: a diâmetro à altura da base (DAB, em centímetros; b altura total, em metros; c sobrevivência. As herdabilidades individuais no sentido restrito para os caracteres estudados podem ser consideradas de média a alta magnitude (0,13 e 0,21 para altura e diâmetro, respectivamente. Para a sobrevivência, as herdabilidades foram praticamente nulas, devido à baixa variabilidade genética existente entre as prog

[TLC-FT-SERS study on ingredients of Isrhynchophylline].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yuan; Wang, Song-ying; Zhao, Yi-xue; Ren, Gui-fen; Zi, Feng-lan

2002-02-01

A new method for analysing the ingredients of Isrhynchophylline in Uncaria Rhynchophylla Jacks by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is reported in this paper. The results show that the characteristic spectra bands of Isrhynchophylline situated at the thin layer with the amount of sample about 2.5 micrograms were obtained. The difference between SERS and solid spectra was found. Great enhancement of the 1,615 cm-1 spectral band was abstained. Molecule was absorbed in surface silver sol by pi electrons in phenyl and by pair of electrons in N together. An absorption model of Isrhynchophylline and silver sol was proposed. This method can be used to analyse the chemical ingredients with high sensitivity.

Parameter optimization for Ag-coated TiO2 nanotube arrays as recyclable SERS substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yuyang; Yang, Lulu; Liao, Fan; Dang, Qian; Shao, Mingwang

2018-06-01

The Ag-coated titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (Ag-coated TNTs) are obtained via the deposition of Ag nanoparticles on the two-step anodized TNTs. The wall thickness of TNTs is modulated via finite difference time domain simulation to get the favorable electromagnetic field for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Ag-coated TNTs with optimal wall thickness of 20 nm were employed as the SERS substrates to detect 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, which show superior detection sensitivity and uniformity. In addition, due to the photocatalysis of TNTs, the SERS substrates could clean themselves and be repeatedly used by photo-degradation of target molecules under the ultra-violet irradiation. The Ag-coated TNTs are a kind of bifunctional SERS substrates which can produce high-quality SERS signals and reuse to reduce the cost.

El ser humano y sus posibilidades de construcción desde el cuidado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alacoque Lorenzini Erdmann

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta algunas concepciones del ser humano en relación con el cuidado de enfermería. A partir de la organización de la vida se establecen relaciones, interacciones del ser humano, sus límites y posibilidades para el cuidado con la vida, con lo cotidiano y con la naturaleza. Resalta la importancia y el compromiso en la construcción colectiva del ser ciudadano.

Processing ser and estar to locate objects and events

Science.gov (United States)

Dussias, Paola E.; Contemori, Carla; Román, Patricia

2016-01-01

In Spanish locative constructions, a different form of the copula is selected in relation to the semantic properties of the grammatical subject: sentences that locate objects require estar while those that locate events require ser (both translated in English as ‘to be’). In an ERP study, we examined whether second language (L2) speakers of Spanish are sensitive to the selectional restrictions that the different types of subjects impose on the choice of the two copulas. Twenty-four native speakers of Spanish and two groups of L2 Spanish speakers (24 beginners and 18 advanced speakers) were recruited to investigate the processing of ‘object/event + estar/ser’ permutations. Participants provided grammaticality judgments on correct (object + estar; event + ser) and incorrect (object + ser; event + estar) sentences while their brain activity was recorded. In line with previous studies (Leone-Fernández, Molinaro, Carreiras, & Barber, 2012; Sera, Gathje, & Pintado, 1999), the results of the grammaticality judgment for the native speakers showed that participants correctly accepted object + estar and event + ser constructions. In addition, while ‘object + ser’ constructions were considered grossly ungrammatical, ‘event + estar’ combinations were perceived as unacceptable to a lesser degree. For these same participants, ERP recording time-locked to the onset of the critical word ‘en’ showed a larger P600 for the ser predicates when the subject was an object than when it was an event (*La silla es en la cocina vs. La fiesta es en la cocina). This P600 effect is consistent with syntactic repair of the defining predicate when it does not fit with the adequate semantic properties of the subject. For estar predicates (La silla está en la cocina vs. *La fiesta está en la cocina), the findings showed a central-frontal negativity between 500–700 ms. Grammaticality judgment data for the L2 speakers of Spanish showed that beginners were significantly less

SERS imaging of cell-surface biomolecules metabolically labeled with bioorthogonal Raman reporters.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Ming; Lin, Liang; Li, Zefan; Liu, Jie; Hong, Senlian; Li, Yaya; Zheng, Meiling; Duan, Xuanming; Chen, Xing

2014-08-01

Live imaging of biomolecules with high specificity and sensitivity as well as minimal perturbation is essential for studying cellular processes. Here, we report the development of a bioorthogonal surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging approach that exploits small Raman reporters for visualizing cell-surface biomolecules. The cells were cultured and imaged by SERS microscopy on arrays of Raman-enhancing nanoparticles coated on silicon wafers or glass slides. The Raman reporters including azides, alkynes, and carbondeuterium bonds are small in size and spectroscopically bioorthogonal (background-free). We demonstrated that various cell-surface biomolecules including proteins, glycans, and lipids were metabolically incorporated with the corresponding precursors bearing a Raman reporter and visualized by SERS microscopy. The coupling of SERS microscopy with bioorthogonal Raman reporters expands the capabilities of live-cell microscopy beyond the modalities of fluorescence and label-free imaging. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) influences spindle assembly and chromosome segregation during mitosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Jianfang; Beauchemin, Myriam; Bertrand, Richard

2014-01-01

Functional analysis of a series of phosphorylation mutants reveals that Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) influences cell entry into anaphase and mitotic exit in taxol-exposed cells compared with cells expressing wild-type Bcl-xL or a series of other phosphorylation mutants, an effect that appears to be independent of its anti-apoptotic activity. During normal mitosis progression, Bcl-xL(Ser62) is strongly phosphorylated by PLK1 and MAPK14/SAPKp38α at the prometaphase, metaphase, and the anaphase boundaries, while it is de-phosphorylated at telophase and cytokinesis. Phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) localizes in centrosomes with γ-tubulin and in the mitotic cytosol with some spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling components, including PLK1, BubR1, and Mad2. In taxol- and nocodazole-exposed cells, phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) also binds to Cdc20- Mad2-, BubR1-, and Bub3-bound complexes, while Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) does not. Silencing Bcl-xL expression and expressing the phosphorylation mutant Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) lead to an increased number of cells harboring mitotic spindle defects including multipolar spindle, chromosome lagging and bridging, aneuploidy with micro-, bi-, or multi-nucleated cells, and cells that fail to resolve undergo mitosis within 6 h. Together, the data indicate that during mitosis, Bcl-xL(Ser62) phosphorylation impacts on spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, influencing chromosome stability. Observations of mitotic cells harboring aneuploidy with micro-, bi-, or multi-nucleated cells, and cells that fail to resolve undergo mitosis within 6 h were also made with cells expressing the phosphorylation mutant Bcl-xL(Ser49Ala) and dual mutant Bcl-xL(Ser49/62Ala).

Improved size-tunable synthesis and SERS properties of Au nanostars

Science.gov (United States)

Khlebtsov, Boris; Panfilova, Elizaveta; Khanadeev, Vitaly; Khlebtsov, Nikolai

2014-10-01

Multibranched Au nanoparticles with sharp tips (commonly called nanostars, NSTs) have attracted significant attention as bright scattering labels, photothermal transducers, nanocarriers, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags. However, for surfactant-free synthesized NSTs, the existing data on the size tuning and the relation between the size of NSTs and their SERS efficiency still remain limited. Here, we address these questions by synthesizing and comparing SERS for surfactant-free NSTs of different sizes and plasmon resonance (PR) wavelengths. The NSTs were fabricated by seeded growth through a two-step surfactant-free approach in which quasispherical seeds were overgrown via reduction of added Au by ascorbic acid in the presence of Ag ions. By varying the seed size from 3 to 35 nm, we tuned the final NST size from 45 to 150 nm while retaining the star-like morphology with sharp tips and ensuring PR tunability from 630 to 900 nm. The NST size and PR limits can be expanded from 40 to 200 nm and from 600 to 930 nm, respectively, by simultaneous variation in the seed size and concentration. The SERS efficiency of the fabricated NSTs was examined by Raman measurements of 1,4-aminothiophenol (ATP) adsorbed on the surface of colloidal NST particles. Although the homogenous analytical enhancement factor (AEF) did not depend essentially on the NST size and varied from 4 × 106 to 107, the enhancing properties of single-particle NST tags were strongly size-dependent. Specifically, the AEF for 150-nm NST35-ATP complexes was 30 and 100 times greater than that for 70-nm NST15-ATP and 45-nm NST3-ATP complexes, respectively. These properties make the NST-ATP complex a prospective platform for SERS imaging.

Impacts de la déficience maternelle modérée en fer sur le développement des fonctions auditives et le métabolisme des acides gras et eicosanoïdes de la progéniture

OpenAIRE

Jougleux, Jean-Luc

2015-01-01

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdorales, 2014-2015 Cette étude a pour objectif de déterminer les impacts de la l’anémie ferriprive (AF) modérée durant la gestation et la lactation, sur les fonctions neurophysiologiques des voies auditives, ainsi que sur les fonctions métaboliques de la progéniture du cochon d’Inde (Cavia porcellus). Elle s’articule selon 2 volets d’études distincts (protocoles 1 et 2), basés tant sur la composition en fer des diètes, que sur l...

Self-catalytic stabilized Ag-Cu nanoparticles with tailored SERS response for plasmonic photocatalysis

Science.gov (United States)

He, Lili; Liu, Changqing; Tang, Jia; Zhou, Youchen; Yang, Hui; Liu, Ruiyu; Hu, Jiugang

2018-03-01

In-situ SERS monitoring of direct plasmon-driven photocatalysis was achieved using relatively earth-abundant Cu NPs following their decoration with tiny amounts of silver, which promoted excellent SERS and high catalytic activity. The SERS and catalytic performance of the Ag-Cu NPs can be tuned by changing their composition. In particular, it was found that the surface oxidation state of copper could be switched to its metallic state via self-plasmon catalysis under laser irradiation, highlighting the potential of air-unstable copper NPs as stable plasmonic catalysts. These dual functional Ag-Cu NPs were used for SERS real-time monitoring of plasmon-driven photocatalysis reactions involving the degradation of Rhodamine 6G and the dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol. The corresponding catalytic reaction mechanisms were discussed.

Modelo integrado das pegadas hídrica, ecológica e de carbono para o monitoramento da pressão humana sobre o planetaAn integrated approach based on water, ecological and carbon footprint for tracking human pressure on the planet

OpenAIRE

de Paulo Rodrigues Silva, Vicente; de Oliveira Aleixo, Danilo; Silveira Rodrigues Almeida, Rafaela; Baracuy da Cunha Campos, João Hugo; Eloi de Araújo, Lincoln

2015-01-01

Modelos de pegadas de carbono ecológicos e de água estão sendo cada vez mais usado para monitorar uso pessoal e doméstico dos recursos naturais. As pegadas humanas são uma séria ameaça global e cada nação está olhando para as opções possíveis para reduzi-las pois suas conseqüências são alarmantes. Este trabalho propõe uma pegada integrada como ferramenta para avaliar os impactos ambientais diretos e indiretos da atividade humana. Com base nas definições das pegadas de carbono, hídrica e ecoló...

A Widely Applicable Silver Sol for TLC Detection with Rich and Stable SERS Features

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Qingxia; Li, Hao; Lu, Feng; Chai, Yifeng; Yuan, Yongfang

2016-04-01

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has gained tremendous popularity in the study of various complex systems. However, the detection of hydrophobic analytes is difficult, and the specificity still needs to be improved. In this study, a SERS-active non-aqueous silver sol which could activate the analytes to produce rich and stable spectral features was rapidly synthesized. Then, the optimized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-DMF sol was employed for TLC-SERS detection of hydrophobic (and also hydrophilic) analytes. SERS performance of this sol was superior to that of traditional Lee-Meisel AgNPs due to its high specificity, acceptable stability, and wide applicability. The non-aqueous AgNPs would be suitable for the TLC-SERS method, which shows great promise for applications in food safety assurance, environmental monitoring, medical diagnoses, and many other fields.

[Study on the ingredients of reserpine by TLC-FT-SERS].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Y; Zi, F; Wang, Y; Zhao, Y; Zhang, X; Weng, S

1999-12-01

A new method for analysing the ingredients of reserpine by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is reported in this paper. The results show that the characteristic spectral bands of reserpine satuated at the thin layer with the amount of sample about 2 microg were obtained. The difference between SERS and solid spectra was found. An absorption model of reserpine and silver sol was proposed. This method can be used to analyse the chemical ingredients with high sensitivity.

New nanocomposites for SERS studies of living cells and mitochondria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sarycheva, A. S.; Brazhe, N. A.; Baizhumanov, A. A.

2016-01-01

A great enhancement in Raman scattering (SERS) from heme-containing submembrane biomolecules inside intact erythrocytes and functional mitochondria is demonstrated for the first time using silver–silica beads prepared using a new method involving aerosol pyrolysis with aqueous diamminesilver...... molecules. The SERS spectra of functional mitochondria are sensitive to the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, thus making the method a novel label-free approach to monitor the redox state and conformation of cytochromes in their natural cell environment. The developed nanocomposites...

Modos de ser enfermeiro-professor-no-ensino-do-cuidadode-enfermagem: um olhar heideggeriano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciara Fabiane Sebold

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Estudo qualitativo de abordagem fenomenológica. Objetivou desvelar, à luz do pensamento de Martin Heidegger, os modos de ser dos enfermeiros-professores na vivência de ensinar-aprender o cuidado de enfermagem em uma instituição federal de ensino superior do sul do Brasil. A técnica utilizada para captar os significados foi a entrevista fenomenológica com 11 docentes. A análise permitiu compreender os Modos de Ser enfermeiro-professor, que foram didaticamente apresentados em duas unidades de significado: Modo de ser enfermeiro para o cuidado; Modo de ser professor para o ensino do cuidado. Alguns professores identificam-se como enfermeiros, suas experiências profissionais são suas bases e a coexistência com outros pôde lhes servir de exemplo. Outros se percebem professores de enfermagem e desejam ensinar os desafios de ser enfermeiro, e aprimoram o cuidado através de pesquisas. Ao ensinar, envolvem-se com o universo de ensino no qual o cuidar também é aprender e ensinar.

SERS-active ZnO/Ag hybrid WGM microcavity for ultrasensitive dopamine detection

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Junfeng; Xu, Chunxiang; Nan, Haiyan; Zhu, Qiuxiang; Qin, Feifei; Manohari, A. Gowri; Wei, Ming; Zhu, Zhu; Shi, Zengliang; Ni, Zhenhua

2016-08-01

Dopamine (DA) is a potential neuro modulator in the brain which influences a variety of motivated behaviors and plays a key role in life science. A hybrid ZnO/Ag microcavity based on Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) effect has been developed for ultrasensitive detection of dopamine. Utilizing this effect of structural cavity mode, a Raman signal of R6G (5 × 10-3 M) detected by this designed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active substrate was enhanced more than 10-fold compared with that of ZnO film/Ag substrate. Also, this hybrid microcavity substrate manifests high SERS sensitivity to rhodamine 6 G and detection limit as low as 10-12 M to DA. The Localized Surface Plasmons of Ag nanoparticles and WGM-enhanced light-matter interaction mainly contribute to the high SERS sensitivity and help to achieve a lower detection limit. This designed SERS-active substrate based on the WGM effect has the potential for detecting neurotransmitters in life science.

Stilbazolium Merocyanine Dye Determination in Different Solutions, Concentrations and Colloids Using SERS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pajchrowski, Grzegorz; Abdali, Salim; Nørbygaard, Thomas

2006-01-01

Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements were carried out on stilbazolium merocyanine dye in methanol and pyridine solvents. Both solutions were measured in series of concentrations, covering a range of 5·10-5 M to 5·10-8 M. In these measurements Ag and Au colloids were used and the ......Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements were carried out on stilbazolium merocyanine dye in methanol and pyridine solvents. Both solutions were measured in series of concentrations, covering a range of 5·10-5 M to 5·10-8 M. In these measurements Ag and Au colloids were used...... report here on the success of using SERS to obtain Raman spectra of merocyanine dye at very low concentration in an attempt of new approach, which can be used for further investigations of the dye. The SERS spectra will here be reported and the results from different solutions, colloids, concentrations...

[TLC-FT-SERS study on a pair of optic isomers in ephedra].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yuan; Zhang, Jin-zhi; Ma, Xin-yong

2004-11-01

A new method for analyzing the ingredients of a pair of optic isomers in ephedra, nor-ephedrine and nor-pseudo-ephedrine, using hyphenated high-efficiency thin layer chromatography (TLC) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) techniques, is reported. The results show that the characteristic spectral bands of nor-ephedrine and nor-pseudo-ephedrine can be obtained from the TLC spot with 8 microg sample of about 2.0 mm in diameter. The difference between the SERS and solid spectra was found. Spectral bands at 1004 cm(-1) and 1605 cm(-1) were found greatly enhanced. Molecule was absorbed in surface silver sol by pi electrons in ring. Under similar experimental conditions the spectral information of Levo-nor-ephedrine ramifications TLC-SERS is rich with strong credibility, whereas dextral-nor-ephedrine ramifications show a relatively strong fluorescence backdrop with less spectral information and weak credibility. The effective combination of TLC and SERS can be used to analyse the chemical ingredients with high sensitivity.

Structure-dependent SERS activity of plasmonic nanorattles with built-in electromagnetic hotspots.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Keng-Ku; Tadepalli, Sirimuvva; Wang, Zheyu; Jiang, Qisheng; Singamaneni, Srikanth

2017-11-20

Hollow plasmonic nanostructures with built-in and accessible electromagnetic hotspots such as nanorattles, obtained through a galvanic replacement reaction, have received wide attention in chemical and biological sensing and targeted drug delivery. In this study, we investigate the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of plasmonic nanorattles obtained through different degrees of galvanic replacement of Au@Ag nanocubes. We found that the SERS efficacy of the nanorattles is governed by the plasmon extinction intensity, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength of the nanostructures with respect to the excitation source and intensity of the electromagnetic field at the hotspot, with the latter playing a determining role. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations showed excellent agreement with the experimental findings that an optimal degree of galvanic replacement is critical for maximum SERS enhancement. The rational design and synthesis of the plasmonic nanorattles based on these findings can make these nanostructures highly attractive for SERS-based chemical and biological sensing and bioimaging.

The 1984 ARI Survey of Army Recruits: Tabular Description of NPS Army Reserve Accessions. Volume 2

Science.gov (United States)

1986-05-01

12 PROB. 0.1867 I 186 T261 — NATCH TV PROG’NBA BASKETBALL NARK ONE LETTER FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS OR PROGRAMMING TYPES ON TV: NBA ...Major league baseball — regular seaaon games 105. Major league baaaball playoffs 106. World Series 107. NBA baaketball 106. College basketball 109...BASEBALL PLAYOFFS HATCH TV PROG:WORLD SERIES HATCH TV PROG:NBA BASKETBALL HATCH TV PROG:COLLEGE BASKETBALL HATCH TV PROG:NHL HOCKEY HATCH TV

The 1984 ARI Survey of Army Recruits: Tabular Description of NPS (active) Army Accessions. Volume 1

Science.gov (United States)

1986-05-01

WATCH TV PROG MJR LEAG BASEBALL PLAYOFFS 232-233 WATCH TV PROG WORLD SERIES 23<«-235 WATCH TV PROG NBA BASKETBALL 236-237 WATCH TV PROG COLLEGE...PROG:NBA BASKETBALL DO YOU ’^ATCH ANY OF THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS OR PROGRAMMING TYPES ON TV? - NBA BASKETBALL , 1 - REGULARLY TURN ON THE TV TO WATCH...107. NBA basketball 108. College basketball 109. NHL hockey 110. Professional wrestling 111. Car r.ices 112. Golf tournaments 113. Tennis

Comportamento de progênies oriundas de raças primitivas de algodão herbáceo frente ao ataque do bicudo Behavior of lines from cotton primitive race stocks to attack of the boll weevil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco José Correia Farias

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de obter linhagens resistentes ao bicudo-do-algodoeiro (Anthonomus grandis Boheman, a Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão vem testando progênies oriundas de raças primitivas de algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L. originárias do México e da América Central, que apresentam níveis aceitáveis de resistência ao bicudo. Em 1991 e 1992, as progênies em BC1F5 e BC1F6 oriundas das linhagens Texas 277, Texas 326 e Texas 1180, Texas 297, Texas 339, Texas 766 e Texas 1134, foram avaliadas com relação à resistência ao bicudo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições. A unidade experimental foi constituída por duas fileiras de 5 m, sob um espaçamento de 0,75 m x 0,20 m. As parcelas foram infestadas com adultos do bicudo recém-emergidos, a uma taxa de 10.000 adultos/ha. Aos seis dias após a liberação dos adultos, as parcelas foram pulverizadas com Cipermethrim, sendo realizadas em intervalos semanais. Foram procedidas cinco avaliações através da coleta de 33 botões florais ao acaso, por parcela. Os maiores níveis de resistência ao bicudo foram obtidos pelas progênies Texas 326-95-1, Texas 277-87-5, Texas 1180-99-2, Texas 297 e Texas 339, com redução de ataque de 44,0, 41,2, 32,0, 40,4 e 36,4%, respectivamente, em relação à testemunha CNPA 6H.The goal of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman resistance program of Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão is to obtain cultivars that give 80% suppression when compared to commercial cultivars. The primitive cottons (Gossypium hirsutum L. from Mexico and Central America have been known to show measurable levels of resistance to the boll weevil. In 1991 and 1992, the lines in BC1F5 and BC1F6 from Texas 277, Texas 326, Texas 1180, Texas 297, Texas 339, Texas 766 and Texas 1134 were evaluated to boll weevil resistance. The experiment was carried out at Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The trial

A reagent-assisted method in SERS detection of methyl salicylate

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yali; Li, Qianwen; Wang, Yanan; Oh, Joohee; Jin, Sila; Park, Yeonju; Zhou, Tieli; Zhao, Bing; Ruan, Weidong; Jung, Young Mee

2018-04-01

With the explosive application of methyl salicylate (MS) molecules in food and cosmetics, the further detection of MS molecules becomes particularly important. Here we investigated the detection of MS molecules based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in a novel molecule/assistant/metal system constructed with MS, 4,4‧-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) bis (benzoic acid) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). The minimum detection concentration is 10-4 M. To explore the function of assisted reagent, we also referred another system without assistant molecules. The result demonstrates that SERS signals were not acquired, which proves that the assistant molecules are critical for the capture of MS molecules. Two possible mechanisms of MS/assistant/AgNPs system were speculated through two patterns of hydrogen bonds. The linker molecules acted as the role of the bridge between metallic substrates and target molecules through the molecular recognition. This strategy is very beneficial to the expanding of MS detection techniques and other hydrogen bond based coupling detections with SERS.

In Vitro and In Vivo SERS Biosensing for Disease Diagnosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Joshua Moore

2018-05-01

Full Text Available For many disease states, positive outcomes are directly linked to early diagnosis, where therapeutic intervention would be most effective. Recently, trends in disease diagnosis have focused on the development of label-free sensing techniques that are sensitive to low analyte concentrations found in the physiological environment. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS is a powerful vibrational spectroscopy that allows for label-free, highly sensitive, and selective detection of analytes through the amplification of localized electric fields on the surface of a plasmonic material when excited with monochromatic light. This results in enhancement of the Raman scattering signal, which allows for the detection of low concentration analytes, giving rise to the use of SERS as a diagnostic tool for disease. Here, we present a review of recent developments in the field of in vivo and in vitro SERS biosensing for a range of disease states including neurological disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and viral disease.

Development of chitosan-coated gold nanoflowers as SERS-active probes

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Dan; Gu, Jiangjiang; Wang, Weina; Yu, Xuehai; Xi, Kai; Jia, Xudong

2010-09-01

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been intensely researched for many years as a potential technique for highly sensitive detection. This work, through the reduction of HAuCl4 with pyrrole in aqueous solutions, investigated a facile one-pot synthesis of flower-like Au nanoparticles with rough surfaces. The formation process of the Au nanoflowers (AuNFs) was carefully studied, and a spontaneous assembly mechanism was proposed based on the time-course experimental results. The key synthesis strategy was to use pyrrole as a weak particle stabilizing and reducing agent to confine crystal growth in the limited ligand protection region. The nanometer-scale surface roughness of AuNFs provided several hot spots on a single particle, which significantly increased SERS enhancement. Good biocompatible stable Raman-active probes were synthesized by coating AuNFs with chitosan. The conservation of the SERS effects in living cells suggested that the chitosan-capped AuNFs could be suitable for highly sensitive detection and have potential for targeting of tumors in vivo.

Preocupación y conducta ecológica responsable en estudiantes universitarios: estudio comparativo entre estudiantes chilenos y españoles

OpenAIRE

Palavecinos, Mireya; Amérigo, María; Ulloa, Jorge B.; Muñoz, Jaime

2016-01-01

RESUMEN Se discutirán los resultados de un estudio piloto, que forma parte de un proyecto mayor, orientado al análisis transcultural de la preocupación ambiental y su relación con la conducta ecológica. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del instrumento creado en España para probarlo en la realidad chilena, donde no se contaba con un instrumento pertinente que evaluara estos factores a nivel local. El método contempla la comparación de los resul...

Compartimentação geoambiental no complexo de campo maior, PI: uma área de tensão ecológica

OpenAIRE

Barros,José Sidiney; Castro,Antônio Alberto Jorge Farias

2006-01-01

A região pesquisada, localizada numa área de tensão ecológica, foi submetida a estudos de compartimentação geoambiental de suas unidades, segundo pressupostos da teoria geossistêmica. A vegetação, em manchas ou capões, configura tipos fisionômicos com contatos abruptos ou gradacionais, instalados em solos submetidos a processos de lateritização e ferralitização. Foram analisadas relações entre solo, vegetação, estrutura, florística e diversidade em oito parcelas de 20m x 50m, registrando-se 4...

La luminosa sed: Esbozo de un itinerario de la manifestación del ser como deseo de ser al Dios deseante que viene a nuestro encuentro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Toutin

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un primer atisbo de un itinerario de pensamiento que busca articular, por un lado, una comprensión de la poesía en Octavio Paz como manifestación del ser humano como apertura al otro, como deseo de ser y, por otro, la comprensión en Hans Urs von Balthasar del acontecimiento de la automanifestación de Dios, como expresión de su deseo de encuentro con el ser humano y que para ello adopta arriesgada y creativamente su lenguaje en la diversidad de sus expresiones. Con ello tan sólo queremos poner algunas bases para una poética teológica, ya iniciada tanto por Dios como por el hablar del ser humano, y que llama de ella misma a ser continuada y profundizada.In this article, the author presents a first glimpse of an itinerary of thought that seeks to articulate, on the one hand, an understanding of poetry by Octavio Paz as a manifestation of the human being as openness to the other and as desire for being and, on the other hand, Hans Urs von Balthasar's understanding of the event of God's self-manifestation as the expression of His desire to meet the human being and, to that end, adopting, with risk and creativity, the human being's language in all the diversity of its expressions. With that, the author only wants to lay some foundations for a theological poetics, already initiated as much by God as by the speech of the human being, and which calls from its own self to be continuous and deepened.

Development of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy monitoring of fuel markers to prevent fraud

Science.gov (United States)

Wilkinson, Timothy; Clarkson, John; White, Peter C.; Meakin, Nicholas; McDonald, Ken

2013-05-01

Governments often tax fuel products to generate revenues to support and stimulate their economies. They also subsidize the cost of essential fuel products. Fuel taxation and subsidization practices are both subject to fraud. Oil marketing companies also suffer from fuel fraud with loss of legitimate sales and additional quality and liability issues. The use of an advanced marking system to identify and control fraud has been shown to be effective in controlling illegal activity. DeCipher has developed surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy as its lead technology for measuring markers in fuel to identify and control malpractice. SERS has many advantages that make it highly suitable for this purpose. The SERS instruments are portable and can be used to monitor fuel at any point in the supply chain. SERS shows high specificity for the marker, with no false positives. Multiple markers can also be detected in a single SERS analysis allowing, for example, specific regional monitoring of fuel. The SERS analysis from fuel is also quick, clear and decisive, with a measurement time of less than 5 minutes. We will present results highlighting our development of the use of a highly stable silver colloid as a SERS substrate to measure the markers at ppb levels. Preliminary results from the use of a solid state SERS substrate to measure fuel markers will also be presented.

Fabrication of SERS Substrate by Multilayered Nanosphere Deposition Technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fu, Chit Yaw; Dinish, U. S.; Praveen, Thoniyot; Koh, Zhen Yu; Kho, Khiang Wei; Malini, Olivo

2010-01-01

Metal film over nanosphere (MFON) has been employed as a reproducible and predictable SERS-active device in biosensing applications. In addition to its economic fabrication process, such substrate can be further processed to a prism-structure with increased SERS enhancement and wider Plasmon tunability. In this work, we investigate an alternative coating method to deposit a larger area of well-ordered PS beads with different sizes (oe = 100nm and 400 nm) onto a glass. The result suggests that the proposed well-coating technique can be suitably used to form closely-packed PS beads with diameter less than 100 nm for developing MFON substrates.

Think first job! Preferences and expectations of engineering students in a French `Grande Ecole'

Science.gov (United States)

Gerwel Proches, Cecile N.; Chelin, Nathalie; Rouvrais, Siegfried

2018-03-01

A career in engineering may be appealing owing to the prospect of a good salary and a dynamic work environment. There may, however, be challenges for students wishing to enter their first job. In engineering education, career preparation courses may be included so as to prepare students adequately for their first job, future careers, and to reinforce career decision-making skills. This study explored the first-job preferences and expectations of engineering students at a generalist French 'Grande Ecole' before their compulsory internship. The study ultimately provided insight into ways in which future engineers may best be equipped for their first jobs. A qualitative research study was employed, using four focus groups to collect data, which was analysed thematically. Key findings indicate the resolute importance that engineering students place on having a challenging job, teamwork, independence, opportunities for development, and a participative style of being managed. The research findings may be of value in order to renew an engineering curriculum with better alignment between students' expectations and industry needs.

Label-free SERS in biological and biomedical applications: Recent progress, current challenges and opportunities

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Xiao-Shan; Jahn, Izabella Jolan; Weber, Karina; Cialla-May, Dana; Popp, Jürgen

2018-05-01

To achieve an insightful look within biomolecular processes on the cellular level, the development of diseases as well as the reliable detection of metabolites and pathogens, a modern analytical tool is needed that is highly sensitive, molecular-specific and exhibits fast detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is known to meet these requirements and, within this review article, the recent progress of label-free SERS in biological and biomedical applications is summarized and discussed. This includes the detection of biomolecules such as metabolites, nucleic acids and proteins. Further, the characterization and identification of microorganisms has been achieved by label-free SERS-based approaches. Eukaryotic cells can be characterized by SERS in order to gain information about the outer cell wall or to detect intracellular molecules and metabolites. The potential of SERS for medically relevant detection schemes is emphasized by the label-free detection of tissue, the investigation of body fluids as well as applications for therapeutic and illicit drug monitoring. The review article is concluded with an evaluation of the recent progress and current challenges in order to highlight the direction of label-free SERS in the future.

Synthesis of Dendritic Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications as SERS Substrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jinshan Yu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The silver nanoparticles are synthesized by electrodeposition in ultradilute Ag+ concentration electrolyte under high overpotential. The as prepared Ag nanoparticles, with the sizes ranging from 20 to 30 nm, are arrayed orderly and formed dendritic morphology. The formation of this special dendritic nanoparticle structure can be contributed to the relatively high growth rate and the preferential growth directions along 111 due to the high overpotential, as well as the relative small number of Ag+ ions arriving at the Ag crystal surface per unit time due to the ultradilute Ag+ concentration. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS experiments reveal that the as-prepared dendritic Ag nanoparticles possess high SERS properties and can be used as a candidate substrate for practical SERS applications to detect the Rhodamine 6G molecules.

The 1985 ARI Survey of Army Recruits: Tabular Description of NPS (active) Army Accessions. Volume 1

Science.gov (United States)

1987-04-01

T261 -- WATCH TV PROG:NBA BASKETBALL DO YOU WATCH ANY OF THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS OR PROGRAMMING TYPES ON REGULAR TV STATIONS? .- NBA BASKETBALL . 1...327𔃻 261 WATCH TV PROG:NBA BASKETBALL 328-329 T262 WATCH TV PROG:COLLEGE BASKETBALL 330-331 T263 WATCH TV PROG:NHL HOCKEY 332-333 T264 WlATCH TV...T262 -- WATCH TV PROG:COLLEGE BASKETBALL DO YOU WATCH ANY OF THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS OR PROGRAMMING TYPES ON REGULAR TV STATIONS? - COLLEGE BASKETBALL . 1

Métodos de análise de dados longitudinais no melhoramento genético da pinha (Annona squamosa L.)

OpenAIRE

Mariguele, Keny Henrique

2010-01-01

A pinha ou fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa L.) é uma fruteira importante para o Brasil, especialmente na Região Nordeste. Nessa espécie, os caracteres são avaliados repetidas vezes no decorrer da vida do organismo e são denominados infinitamente dimensionais, no sentido de que, em cada unidade de tempo ou idade, o caráter pode ser avaliado, gerando um conjunto multidimensional de dados. O interesse na análise desse tipo de dados geralmente reside na predição de valores dos indivíduos e progên...

Mamíferos silvestres de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel en Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F. Wild mammals of Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico, D.F.

OpenAIRE

Yolanda Hortelano-Moncada; Fernando A. Cervantes; Aída Trejo-Ortiz

2009-01-01

Se realizó un inventario de las especies de mamíferos que habitan en la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel (REPSA). Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de registros de colecciones científicas, de recolectas recientes en el área y de consultas en literatura especializada. Los resultados comprenden 628 registros acumulados desde 1943 y corresponden a 33 especies, agrupadas en 28 géneros, 15 familias y 6 órdenes de mamíferos. La ardilla gris (Sciurus aureogaster nigrescens) y el ratón del ...

In cellulo phosphorylation of XRCC4 Ser320 by DNA-PK induced by DNA damage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Mukesh Kumar; Imamichi, Shoji; Fukuchi, Mikoto; Samarth, Ravindra Mahadeo; Tomita, Masanori; Matsumoto, Yoshihisa

2016-01-01

XRCC4 is a protein associated with DNA Ligase IV, which is thought to join two DNA ends at the final step of DNA double-strand break repair through non-homologous end joining. In response to treatment with ionizing radiation or DNA damaging agents, XRCC4 undergoes DNA-PK-dependent phosphorylation. Furthermore, Ser260 and Ser320 (or Ser318 in alternatively spliced form) of XRCC4 were identified as the major phosphorylation sites by purified DNA-PK in vitro through mass spectrometry. However, it has not been clear whether these sites are phosphorylated in vivo in response to DNA damage. In the present study, we generated an antibody that reacts with XRCC4 phosphorylated at Ser320 and examined in cellulo phosphorylation status of XRCC4 Ser320. The phosphorylation of XRCC4 Ser320 was induced by γ-ray irradiation and treatment with Zeocin. The phosphorylation of XRCC4 Ser320 was detected even after 1 Gy irradiation and increased in a manner dependent on radiation dose. The phosphorylation was observed immediately after irradiation and remained mostly unchanged for up to 4 h. The phosphorylation was inhibited by DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 and was undetectable in DNA-PKcs-deficient cells, indicating that the phosphorylation was mainly mediated by DNA-PK. These results suggested potential usefulness of the phosphorylation status of XRCC4 Ser320 as an indicator of DNA-PK functionality in living cells

Why Ser and not Thr brokers catalysis in the trypsin fold.

Science.gov (United States)

Pelc, Leslie A; Chen, Zhiwei; Gohara, David W; Vogt, Austin D; Pozzi, Nicola; Di Cera, Enrico

2015-02-24

Although Thr is equally represented as Ser in the human genome and as a nucleophile is as good as Ser, it is never found in the active site of the large family of trypsin-like proteases that utilize the Asp/His/Ser triad. The molecular basis of the preference of Ser over Thr in the trypsin fold was investigated with X-ray structures of the thrombin mutant S195T free and bound to an irreversible active site inhibitor. In the free form, the methyl group of T195 is oriented toward the incoming substrate in a conformation seemingly incompatible with productive binding. In the bound form, the side chain of T195 is reoriented for efficient substrate acylation without causing steric clash within the active site. Rapid kinetics prove that this change is due to selection of an active conformation from a preexisting ensemble of reactive and unreactive rotamers whose relative distribution determines the level of activity of the protease. Consistent with these observations, the S195T substitution is associated with a weak yet finite activity that allows identification of an unanticipated important role for S195 as the end point of allosteric transduction in the trypsin fold. The S195T mutation abrogates the Na(+)-dependent enhancement of catalytic activity in thrombin, activated protein C, and factor Xa and significantly weakens the physiologically important allosteric effects of thrombomodulin on thrombin and of cofactor Va on factor Xa. The evolutionary selection of Ser over Thr in trypsin-like proteases was therefore driven by the need for high catalytic activity and efficient allosteric regulation.

The Colorado river delta (Mexico: ecological importance and management = O delta do rio Colorado (Mexico: importância ecológica e gerenciamento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Fermán Almada

2008-10-01

Full Text Available The Colorado river delta is a unique coastal system in the world, as it combines two important systems: the Colorado river and the Gulf of California. Consequently, the delta is dominated by bilateral interests, and influenced by administrative, political and natural processes, which involve the countries of the United States and Mexico. Located in the northern part of the Gulf of California, under a condition of natural isolation, a series of environmental attributeshave been developed (biotic and abiotic that are only observed in is region. In this work, the development of the bilateral political relations and the most important ecological characteristicsare presented, as well as the management instruments that have been developed for over 80 years. From these issues, the possible scenario for the region is defined, and the development of methodologies for monitoring the effects of these possible tendencies on the natural components of the delta is proposed.O delta do rio Colorado é uma zona costeira única em todo o mundo, porassociar dois importantes sistemas: o próprio rio Colorado e o Golfo da Califórnia. Conseqüentemente, o delta é dominado por interesses bi-nacionais e influenciado por processos administrativos, políticos e naturais, envolvendo os Estados Unidos e o México. Localizado no norte do Golfo da Califórnia, sob uma condição de isolamento natural,desenvolveu-se uma série de atributos ambientais (bióticos e abióticos que só podem ser vistos nessa região. Neste trabalho, são apresentados o desenvolvimento das relações políticas bilaterais e as características ecológicas mais importantes, bem como osmecanismos de gerenciamento que vêm sido desenvolvidos por mais de 80 anos. A partir dessas questões, é definido um cenário tendencial possível para a região, e o desenvolvimento de metodologias para o acompanhamento dos efeitos dessas possíveis tendências sobre os componentes naturais do delta é proposto.

Patchy silica-coated silver nanowires as SERS substrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunyadi Murph, Simona E.; Murphy, Catherine J.

2013-01-01

We report a class of core–shell nanomaterials that can be used as efficient surface-enhancement Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The core consists of silver nanowires, prepared through a chemical reduction process, that are used to capture 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), a model analyte. The shell was prepared through a modified Stöber method and consists of patchy or full silica coats. The formation of silica coats was monitored via transmission electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and phase-analysis light-scattering for measuring effective surface charge. Surprisingly, the patchy silica-coated silver nanowires are better SERS substrate than silver nanowires; nanomolar concentration of 4-MBA can be detected. In addition, “nano-matryoshka” configurations were used to quantitate/explore the effect of the electromagnetic field at the tips of the nanowire (“hot spots”) in the Raman scattering experiment.

Patchy silica-coated silver nanowires as SERS substrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hunyadi Murph, Simona E.; Murphy, Catherine J.

2013-05-08

We report a class of core-shell nanomaterials that can be used as efficient surface-enhancement Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The core consists of silver nanowires, prepared through a chemical reduction process, that are used to capture 4- mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), a model analyte. The shell was prepared through a modified Stöber method and consists of patchy or full silica coats. The formation of silica coats was monitored via transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and phase-analysis light scattering for measuring effective surface charge. Surprisingly, the patchy silica coated silver nanowires are better SERS substrate than silver nanowires; nanomolar concentration of 4-MBA can be detected. In addition, “nano-matryoshka” configurations were used to quantitate/explore the effect of the electromagnetic field at the tips of the nanowire (“hot spots”) in the Raman scattering experiment.

Ultra-thin layer chromatography with integrated silver colloid-based SERS detection.

Science.gov (United States)

Wallace, Ryan A; Lavrik, Nickolay V; Sepaniak, Michael J

2017-01-01

Simplified lab-on-a-chip techniques are desirable for quick and efficient detection of analytes of interest in the field. The following work involves the use of deterministic pillar arrays on the micro-scale as a platform to separate compounds, and the use of Ag colloid within the arrays as a source of increased signal via surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). One problem traditionally seen with SERS surfaces containing Ag colloid is oxidation; however, our platforms are superhydrophobic, reducing the amount of oxidation taking place on the surface of the Ag colloid. This work includes the successful separation and SERS detection of a fluorescent dye compounds (resorufin and sulforhodamine 640), fluorescent anti-tumor drugs (Adriamycin and Daunomycin), and purine and pyrimidine bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and thymine). © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Synthesis, characterization and SERS activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Bindhu, M. R.; Sathe, V.; Umadevi, M.

2013-11-01

Silver nanoparticles were rapidly synthesized using Moringa oleifera flower extract as the reducing agent shows surface plasmon resonance peak at 439 nm. The size and shape of the nanoparticles controlled by varying the concentration of M. oleifera flower extract in the reaction medium. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles with the average size of 14 nm. The retinoic acid present in M. oleifera flower extract used as reducing agent and proteins was responsible for capping of the bioreduced silver nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticle shows size-dependent SERS activity. The SERS spectrum indicates that the pyridine adsorbed on the silver surface in a stand-on orientation via its nitrogen lone pair electrons.

Design of SERS nanoprobes for Raman imaging: materials, critical factors and architectures.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Mingwang; Qiu, Yuanyuan; Fan, Chenchen; Cui, Kai; Zhang, Yongming; Xiao, Zeyu

2018-05-01

Raman imaging yields high specificity and sensitivity when compared to other imaging modalities, mainly due to its fingerprint signature. However, intrinsic Raman signals are weak, thus limiting medical applications of Raman imaging. By adsorbing Raman molecules onto specific nanostructures such as noble metals, Raman signals can be significantly enhanced, termed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Recent years have witnessed great interest in the development of SERS nanoprobes for Raman imaging. Rationally designed SERS nanoprobes have greatly enhanced Raman signals by several orders of magnitude, thus showing great potential for biomedical applications. In this review we elaborate on recent progress in design strategies with emphasis on material properties, modifying factors, and structural parameters.

Estudio de las especies de pulgones y sus enemigos naturales en una finca de horticultura ecológica en Alcàsser, Valencia

OpenAIRE

JIMÉNEZ PÉREZ, IRENE

2016-01-01

En la finca donde se ha realizado este estudio, el principal problema de plagas en los cultivos son los pulgones. Debido a la importancia de estos insectos y la gravedad de los daños que producen, se plantea el siguiente TFC que tiene como objetivos: 1. Identificar las diferentes especies de pulgón que podemos encontrar en determinadas plantas hortícolas a lo largo de un periodo de 6 meses en un cultivo ecológico en el municipio de Alcàsser, Valencia. 2. Determinar la densidad de poblac...

Interpenetrating polyaniline-gold electrodes for SERS and electrochemical measurements

Science.gov (United States)

West, R. M.; Semancik, S.

2016-11-01

Facile fabrication of nanostructured electrode arrays is critical for development of bimodal SERS and electrochemical biosensors. In this paper, the variation of applied potential at a polyaniline-coated Pt electrode is used to selectivity deposit Au on the polyaniline amine sites or on the underlying Pt electrode. By alternating the applied potential, the Au is grown simultaneously from the top and the bottom of the polyaniline film, leading to an interpenetrated, nanostructured polymer-metal composite extending from the Pt electrode to the electrolyte solution. The resulting films have unique pH-dependent electrochemical properties, e.g. they retain electrochemical activity in both acidic and neutral solutions, and they also include SERS-active nanostructures. By varying the concentration of chloroaurate used during deposition, Au nanoparticles, nanodendrites, or nanosheets can be selectively grown. For the films deposited under optimal conditions, using 5 mmol/L chloroaurate, the SERS enhancement factor for Rhodamine 6G was found to be as high as 1.1 × 106 with spot-to-spot and electrode-to-electrode relative standard deviations as low as 8% and 12%, respectively. The advantages of the reported PANI-Au composite electrodes lie in their facile fabrication, enabling the targeted deposition of tunable nanostructures on sensing arrays, and their ability to produce orthogonal optical and electrochemical analytical results.

Aluminum nanostructures with strong visible-range SERS activity for versatile micropatterning of molecular security labels.

Science.gov (United States)

Lay, Chee Leng; Koh, Charlynn Sher Lin; Wang, Jing; Lee, Yih Hong; Jiang, Ruibin; Yang, Yijie; Yang, Zhe; Phang, In Yee; Ling, Xing Yi

2018-01-03

The application of aluminum (Al)-based nanostructures for visible-range plasmonics, especially for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), currently suffers from inconsistent local electromagnetic field distributions and/or inhomogeneous distribution of probe molecules. Herein, we lithographically fabricate structurally uniform Al nanostructures which enable homogeneous adsorption of various probe molecules. Individual Al nanostructures exhibit strong local electromagnetic field enhancements, in turn leading to intense SERS activity. The average SERS enhancement factor (EF) for individual nanostructures exceeds 10 4 for non-resonant probe molecules in the visible spectrum. These Al nanostructures also retain more than 70% of their original SERS intensities after one-month storage, displaying superb stability under ambient conditions. We further achieve tunable polarization-dependent SERS responses using anisotropic Al nanostructures, facilitating the design of sophisticated SERS-based security labels. Our micron-sized security label comprises two-tier security features, including a machine-readable hybrid quick-response (QR) code overlaid with a set of ciphertexts. Our work demonstrates the versatility of Al-based structures in low-cost modern chemical nano-analytics and forgery protection.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS for in vitro diagnostic testing at the point of care

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marks Haley

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Point-of-care (POC device development is a growing field that aims to develop low-cost, rapid, sensitive in-vitro diagnostic testing platforms that are portable, self-contained, and can be used anywhere – from modern clinics to remote and low resource areas. In this review, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS is discussed as a solution to facilitating the translation of bioanalytical sensing to the POC. The potential for SERS to meet the widely accepted “ASSURED” (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid, Equipment-free, and Deliverable criterion provided by the World Health Organization is discussed based on recent advances in SERS in vitro assay development. As SERS provides attractive characteristics for multiplexed sensing at low concentration limits with a high degree of specificity, it holds great promise for enhancing current efforts in rapid diagnostic testing. In outlining the progression of SERS techniques over the past years combined with recent developments in smart nanomaterials, high-throughput microfluidics, and low-cost paper diagnostics, an extensive number of new possibilities show potential for translating SERS biosensors to the POC.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for in vitro diagnostic testing at the point of care

Science.gov (United States)

Marks, Haley; Schechinger, Monika; Garza, Javier; Locke, Andrea; Coté, Gerard

2017-06-01

Point-of-care (POC) device development is a growing field that aims to develop low-cost, rapid, sensitive in-vitro diagnostic testing platforms that are portable, self-contained, and can be used anywhere - from modern clinics to remote and low resource areas. In this review, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is discussed as a solution to facilitating the translation of bioanalytical sensing to the POC. The potential for SERS to meet the widely accepted "ASSURED" (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid, Equipment-free, and Deliverable) criterion provided by the World Health Organization is discussed based on recent advances in SERS in vitro assay development. As SERS provides attractive characteristics for multiplexed sensing at low concentration limits with a high degree of specificity, it holds great promise for enhancing current efforts in rapid diagnostic testing. In outlining the progression of SERS techniques over the past years combined with recent developments in smart nanomaterials, high-throughput microfluidics, and low-cost paper diagnostics, an extensive number of new possibilities show potential for translating SERS biosensors to the POC.

La restauración ecológica participativa: Una visión juvenil desde el territorio de Ciudad Bolívar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shirley Eliana Camacho-Ballesteros

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Ciudad Bolívar, una localidad de la ciudad de Bogotá, ha aumentado su población de forma acelerada en las últimas décadas, ya que constituye un centro de confluencia para el asentamiento de las personas que emigran de las zonas rurales, principalmente por la búsqueda de nuevas oportunidades o un refugio contra la violencia y el desplazamiento forzado. Tal situación implica el uso de los recursos naturales y territorios de acuerdo con las necesidades en un corto plazo, así como la falta de planificación en el desarrollo de la localidad, por lo cual se establecen en territorios desprovistos de los ambientes naturales, con una menor calidad de vida y de salud, y problemas constantes que surgen dentro de la población. Sin embargo, la niñez y la juventud que viven en estos entornos complejos surgen de la desesperanza, impulsando alternativas y anhelos como una contribución para mejorar su calidad de vida. Esta joven población constituyen los sujetos principales de este artículo teórico, ya que se enfrentan y proponen el tema de la restauración ecológica participativa como mecanismo de planificación, la memoria y la construcción de mejores condiciones para la vida. Desde su experiencia y punto de vista reflexivo, surge una propuesta sobre dónde y cómo llevar a cabo el proceso de restauración ecológica, como una suma de acciones para el fortalecimiento de los valores territoriales y ambientales.

Rapid detection of acetamiprid in foods using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Science.gov (United States)

Wijaya, Wisiani; Pang, Shintaro; Labuza, Theodore P; He, Lili

2014-04-01

Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid pesticide that is commonly used in modern farming. Acetamiprid residue in food commodities can be a potential harm to human and has been implicated in the honey bee hive die off crisis. In this study, we developed rapid, simple, and sensitive methods to detect acetamiprid in apple juice and on apple surfaces using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). No pretreatment of apple juice sample was performed. A simple surface swab method was used to recover acetamiprid from the apple surface. Samples were incubated with silver dendrites for several minutes and SERS spectra were taken directly from the silver surface. Detection of a set of 5 apple juice samples can be done within 10 min. The swab-SERS method took 15 min for a set of 5 samples. Resulting spectral data were analyzed using principal component analysis. The highest acetamiprid peak at 634 cm(-1) was used to detect and quantify the amount of acetamiprid spiked in 1:1 water-methanol solvent, apple juice, and on apple surface. The SERS method was able to successfully detect acetamiprid at 0.5 μg/mL (0.5 ppm) in solvent, 3 μg/mL (3 ppm) in apple juice, and 0.125 μg/cm(2) on apple surfaces. The SERS methods provide simple, rapid, and sensitive ways to detect acetamiprid in beverages and on the surfaces of thick skinned fruits and vegetables. © 2014 Institute of Food Technologists®

Ser do tempo em Bergson

OpenAIRE

Coelho, Jonas Gonçalves

2004-01-01

O artigo apresenta a concepção bergsoniana de duração. Pretende-se mostrar que, segundo Bergson, o tempo dos filósofos e cientistas é um tempo fictício, um esquema espacial que oculta a natureza do tempo real, o qual não pode ser separado dos acontecimentos físicos e psicológicos. Para Bergson, o tempo real é sucessão, continuidade, mudança, memória e criação. We considered Bergson's duration concept. We intended to show that, according to Bergson, the time of philosophers and scientists i...

Metodología para determinar la huella ecológica de la construcción de edificios de uso residencial en España

OpenAIRE

Solís-Guzmán, Jaime

2013-01-01

La actividad constructora es en la actualidad una gran consumidora de recursos naturales. Para evaluar este consumo de recursos generalmente se han empleado metodologías relacionadas con el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida. Se plantea en esta comunicación la integración del indicador Huella Ecológica (HE) en el sector edificación, para observar las dificultades y las ventajas que puede generar respecto a otros indicadores. Para ello, se pretende adaptar los conocimientos previos relacionados con el ...

Sintomatologia da depress?o e representa??es sociais de ser idoso e depress?o

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Marcos Francisco de

2011-01-01

Introdu??o: O envelhecimento, apesar de ser uma grande vit?ria, est? causando uma ampla preocupa??o para os governantes, devido ao aumento populacional e ao risco de adoecimento, capaz de afetar a qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas. Objetivos: Avaliar a sintomatologia da depress?o referida por idosos; conhecer as representa??es sociais sobre ser idoso e depress?o; e identificar aspectos psicossociais associados a ser idoso e depress?o. Metodologia: Estudo explorat?rio, realiz...

Application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for cleaning verification in pharmaceutical manufacture.

Science.gov (United States)

Corrigan, Damion K; Cauchi, Michael; Piletsky, Sergey; Mccrossen, Sean

2009-01-01

Cleaning verification is the process by which pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment is determined as sufficiently clean to allow manufacture to continue. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a very sensitive spectroscopic technique capable of detection at levels appropriate for cleaning verification. In this paper, commercially available Klarite SERS substrates were employed in order to obtain the necessary enhancement of signal for the identification of chemical species at concentrations of 1 to 10 ng/cm2, which are relevant to cleaning verification. The SERS approach was combined with principal component analysis in the identification of drug compounds recovered from a contaminated steel surface.

Visiones sobre la alteridad: la lectura sartreana de Ser y tiempo

OpenAIRE

Szeftel, Micaela

2011-01-01

Al abordar el estudio del Para-otro en El Ser y la Nada, Sartre reconoce la astucia que Heidegger tuvo al haber enunciado la “realidad-humana” como una relación de ser. La oposición entre sujeto y objeto, en la cual las teorías del conocimiento encuentran no sólo el fundamento del existir humano sino también el punto de partida para la pregunta por el ser, es reemplazada por un vínculo fundado en una esfera pre-ontológica. Mientras que Sartre considera que tanto Hegel como Husserl han quedado...

El Plan Director de La Vega Baja de Toledo, España: Paisaje patrimonial, ecológico y urbano

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Agustín Hernández Aja

2014-11-01

El planteamiento general del PDVB ha sido tratar el espacio como un continuo abierto, una sucesión de paisajes con su propio carácter, que alberguen distintos usos y funciones: Desde el jardín clásico que rodearía al circo romano, llegando hasta el río, con una vegetación, mobiliario y recorridos acordes con las ruinas existentes; pasando por el jardín patrimonial del yacimiento, para el que se proponen plantaciones e itinerarios efímeros que cambien a la par que avanzan las excavaciones; hasta el paisaje más puramente agrícola del vivero o paisaje de ribera, de gran valor ecológico en relación con la fauna aviar.

[TLC-SERS study on evodiamine in evodia rutaecarpa].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jin-zhi; Wang, Yuan; Chen, Hui; Shao, Hui-bo

2007-05-01

A new method for analyzing the ingredients of evodiamine (EV), rutaecarpine (RU), hydroxyevodiamine (HYD), evodiamide (ED), dihydrorutaecarpine (DRU) and 14-formyldihydrorutaecarpine (FDRU) in evodia rutaecarpa using high performance thin layer chromatography (TLC) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is reported. The character of this method is that standard samples are not needed. The results show that the characteristic spectral bands of EV, RU, HYD, and ED can be obtained from the TLC spot with microgramme of sample. The spectral band at 1562 cm(-1) was obtained with great enhancement. Molecule absorbed in surface silver sol by nr electrons in ring. The spectral bands of EV, RU, HYD and ED are obviously different due to their differences in structure. The TLC and SERS techniques standard samples are a convenient and speedy method to analyze chemical ingredients with high sensitivity for the study of the Chinese traditional medicine.

SERS analysis of Ag nanostructures produced by ion-beam deposition

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Atanasov, P. A.; Nedyalkov, N. N.; Nikov, Ru G.; Grüner, Ch; Rauschenbach, B.; Fukata, N.

2018-03-01

This study deals with the development of a novel technique for formation of advanced Ag nanostructures (NSs) to be applied to high-resolution analyses based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). It has direct bearing on human health and food quality, e.g., monitoring small amount or traces of pollutants or undesirable additives. Three types of nanostructured Ag samples were produced using ion-beam deposition at glancing angle (GLAD) on quartz. All fabricated structures were covered with BI-58 pesticide (dimethoate) or Rhodamine 6G (R6G) for testing their potential for use as substrates for (SERS).

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) methods for endpoint and real-time quantification of miRNA assays

Science.gov (United States)

Restaino, Stephen M.; White, Ian M.

2017-03-01

Surface Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) provides significant improvements over conventional methods for single and multianalyte quantification. Specifically, the spectroscopic fingerprint provided by Raman scattering allows for a direct multiplexing potential far beyond that of fluorescence and colorimetry. Additionally, SERS generates a comparatively low financial and spatial footprint compared with common fluorescence based systems. Despite the advantages of SERS, it has remained largely an academic pursuit. In the field of biosensing, techniques to apply SERS to molecular diagnostics are constantly under development but, most often, assay protocols are redesigned around the use of SERS as a quantification method and ultimately complicate existing protocols. Our group has sought to rethink common SERS methodologies in order to produce translational technologies capable of allowing SERS to compete in the evolving, yet often inflexible biosensing field. This work will discuss the development of two techniques for quantification of microRNA, a promising biomarker for homeostatic and disease conditions ranging from cancer to HIV. First, an inkjet-printed paper SERS sensor has been developed to allow on-demand production of a customizable and multiplexable single-step lateral flow assay for miRNA quantification. Second, as miRNA concentrations commonly exist in relatively low concentrations, amplification methods (e.g. PCR) are therefore required to facilitate quantification. This work presents a novel miRNA assay alongside a novel technique for quantification of nuclease driven nucleic acid amplification strategies that will allow SERS to be used directly with common amplification strategies for quantification of miRNA and other nucleic acid biomarkers.

Tolerância ao florescimento precoce e características comerciais de progênies F4 de alface do cruzamento Regina 71 x Salinas 88 = Tolerance to precocious flowering and commerical traits of F4 progenies of hybrid Regina 71 x Salinas 88 lettuce

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José Luiz Sandes de Carvalho Filho

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A alface é uma espécie cujas plantas possuem grande variabilidade no que diz respeito à forma, cor e textura das folhas, caracterizando diferentes tipos comerciais. O grupo folhas lisas ainda se mantém como um dos mais consumidos. A caracterização do tipo de folha é essencial no desenvolvimento de um programa de melhoramento,principalmente, quando a população segregante é oriunda de parentais contrastantes para o caráter. Além disso, a maior parte das cultivares utilizada é sensível ao calor, emitindo a haste floral precocemente. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características comercias de progênies F4 de alface e a sua tolerância ao calor, visando obter cultivares com folha lisa tolerantes ao florescimento precoce, resistentes aos nematóides e ao LMV. Avaliaram-se 22 progênies F4 originadas do cruzamento envolvendo as cultivares ‘Regina 71’ e ‘Salinas 88’, previamente selecionadas para tolerância ao calor, resistência aos nematóides das galhas e ao LMV (lettuce mosaic virus. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os tipos de limbo e borda foliares, formação de cabeça e número de dias para a primeira antese. Dentre as 22 progênies avaliadas, três mostraram-semais promissoras à obtenção de linhagens de alface de folhas lisas resistentes ao calor, nematóides das galhas e ao LMV.The lettuce is a plant that features great variability in form, color and texture. The butterleaf variety had remained one of themost consumed lettuce types. The evaluation of leaf type for commercial characters is essential for the development of any improvement program, especially when the parents are divergent types. Furthermore, most cultivars are susceptible to heat. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate F4 progenies of butterleaf lettuce, aiming to select new genotypes for nematode resistance, tolerance to heat and LMV. Twenty-two F3:4 progenieswere

Monitoring prion protein expression in complex biological samples by SERS for diagnostic applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manno, D; Filippo, E; Fiore, R; Serra, A [Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Universita del Salento, Lecce (Italy); Urso, E; Rizzello, A; Maffia, M [Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universita del Salento, Lecce (Italy)

2010-04-23

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) allows a new insight into the analysis of cell physiology. In this work, the difficulty of producing suitable substrates that, besides permitting the amplification of the Raman signal, do not interact with the biological material causing alteration, has been overcome by a combined method of hydrothermal green synthesis and thermal annealing. The SERS analysis of the cell membrane has been performed with special attention to the cellular prion protein PrP{sup C}. In addition, SERS has also been used to reveal the prion protein-Cu(II) interaction in four different cell models (B104, SH-SY5Y, GN11, HeLa), expressing PrP{sup C} at different levels. A significant implication of the current work consists of the intriguing possibility of revealing and quantifying prion protein expression in complex biological samples by a cheap SERS-based method, replacing the expensive and time-consuming immuno-assay systems commonly employed.

Monitoring prion protein expression in complex biological samples by SERS for diagnostic applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manno, D; Filippo, E; Fiore, R; Serra, A; Urso, E; Rizzello, A; Maffia, M

2010-01-01

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) allows a new insight into the analysis of cell physiology. In this work, the difficulty of producing suitable substrates that, besides permitting the amplification of the Raman signal, do not interact with the biological material causing alteration, has been overcome by a combined method of hydrothermal green synthesis and thermal annealing. The SERS analysis of the cell membrane has been performed with special attention to the cellular prion protein PrP C . In addition, SERS has also been used to reveal the prion protein-Cu(II) interaction in four different cell models (B104, SH-SY5Y, GN11, HeLa), expressing PrP C at different levels. A significant implication of the current work consists of the intriguing possibility of revealing and quantifying prion protein expression in complex biological samples by a cheap SERS-based method, replacing the expensive and time-consuming immuno-assay systems commonly employed.

Nanosphere Templating Through Controlled Evaporation: A High Throughput Method For Building SERS Substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Alexander, Kristen; Hampton, Meredith; Lopez, Rene; Desimone, Joseph

2009-03-01

When a pair of noble metal nanoparticles are brought close together, the plasmonic properties of the pair (known as a ``dimer'') give rise to intense electric field enhancements in the interstitial gap. These fields present a simple yet exquisitely sensitive system for performing single molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SM-SERS). Problems associated with current fabrication methods of SERS-active substrates include reproducibility issues, high cost of production and low throughput. In this study, we present a novel method for the high throughput fabrication of high quality SERS substrates. Using a polymer templating technique followed by the placement of thiolated nanoparticles through meniscus force deposition, we are able to fabricate large arrays of identical, uniformly spaced dimers in a quick, reproducible manner. Subsequent theoretical and experimental studies have confirmed the strong dependence of the SERS enhancement on both substrate geometry (e.g. dimer size, shape and gap size) and the polarization of the excitation source.

SERS and DFT study of p-hydroxybenzoic acid adsorbed on colloidal silver particles.

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Chen, Y; Chen, S J; Li, S; Wei, J J

2015-10-16

In this study, normal Raman spectra of p—hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) powder and its surface—enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra in silver colloidal solutions were measured under near infrared excitation conditions. In theoretical calculation, two models of PHBA adsorbed on the surfaces of silver nanoparticles were established. The Raman frequencies of these two models using density functional theory (DFT) method were calculated, and compared with the experimental results. It was found that the calculated Raman frequencies were in good agreement with experimental values, which indicates that there are two enhanced mechanism physical (electromagnetic, EM) enhancement and chemical (charge—transfer, CT) enhancement, in silver colloidal solutions regarding SERS effect. Furthermore, from high—quality SERS spectrum of PHBA obtained in silver colloids, we inferred that PHBA molecules in silver colloids adsorb onto the metal surfaces through carboxyl at a perpendicular orientation. The combination of SERS spectra and DFT calculation is thus useful for studies of the adsorption—orientation of a molecule on a metal colloid.

Incendios en bosques de Araucaria araucana y consideraciones ecológicas al madereo de aprovechamiento en áreas recientemente quemadas Wildfire in Araucaria araucana forests and ecological considerations about salvage logging in areas recently burned

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MAURO E GONZÁLEZ

2007-06-01

Full Text Available El fuego es el tipo de disturbio más importante en conformar el paisaje forestal de Araucaria araucana en la zona centro-sur de Chile y Argentina. En la Región de la Araucanía el clima y el ser humano han influenciado el régimen de fuego durante al menos los últimos mil años. Los incendios catastróficos ocurridos recientemente (año 2002 que afectaron los bosques de Araucaria atrajeron la atención pública, política y científica generando una importante necesidad de entender las causas y efectos de tales eventos en los ecosistemas forestales. Estos grandes incendios produjeron una abundante cantidad de material muerto en pie y en el suelo, promoviendo el desarrollo de otros atributos estructurales conocidos como legados biológicos que tienen un rol crítico en la recuperación de los ecosistemas luego de este tipo de eventos. El madereo de aprovechamiento ("salvage logging" es considerado un factor negativo en la recuperación de áreas afectadas significando tanto una pérdida o menoscabo de la capacidad de regeneración como un deterioro en otros procesos ecológicos clave. Incendios catastróficos de alta severidad, ya sea antrópicos o naturales, crean presiones tanto para reemplazar el bosque nativo por plantaciones de especies de crecimiento rápido o llevar a cabo operación de madereo de aprovechamiento. Las decisiones de manejo deben estar basadas en un mejor entendimiento de la ocurrencia pasada de incendios y su rol en modelar los presentes ecosistemas de Araucaria. Particularmente, en el contexto del excepcional valor ecológico y cultural de estos ecosistemas, las agencias y profesionales del manejo forestal deberían considerar políticas que efectivamente aseguren y sean consistentes con la restauración de procesos ecológicos y atributos clave en los ecosistemas de AraucariaFire is the most important kind of disturbance shaping the Araucaria araucana forest landscapes of south-central Chile and Argentina. In the

Crítica das forças produtivas: guerra, destruição ecológica e criação do mundo pós-natural.

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André Villar Gomez

2012-09-01

Full Text Available As forças produtivas são uma categoria capitalista e materializam a abstração social baseada no valor. Tal como o processo de valorização, as forças produtivas se desenvolvem sem levar em consideração a satisfação das necessidades humanas e as consequências ecológicas. A produção destrutiva por meio da redução da taxa de utilização dos produtos e os gastos militares crescentes demonstram que o capitalismo passou a destruir riqueza material em larga escala para adequar seus potenciais destrutivos aos estreitos limites de sua forma de riqueza baseada no trabalho abstrato. A aceleração do consumo do mundo, que é uma das manifestações do desenvolvimento tecnológico capitalista, é uma das causas mais importantes da crise ecológica contemporâneia. O mundo pós-natural  consiste na tentativa desmedida e irracional de o capitalismo fugir das "barreiras naturais". A superação da forma social baseada no valor e das forças produtivas tornou-se uma necessidade de primeira ordem.

Variação, divergência e correlações genéticas entre caracteres silviculturais e densidade básica da madeira em progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engler Fr. Allem. Genetic variation, divergence and correlations among silvicultural traits and wood density in progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engler Fr. Allem.

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Eduardo Luiz LONGUI

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Myracrodruon urundeuva foi muito explorada no passado devido às qualidades de sua madeira e tornou-se escassa em todas as áreas naturais de ocorrência, sendo atualmente considerada como ameaçada de extinção (categoria vulnerável. Isso torna a espécie importante para estudos relacionados à estrutura genética de populações para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético. Assim, a partir de um teste de progênies, instalado em 1987, em Selvíria–MS, foram estimados parâmetros genéticos para a densidade básica da madeira em três posições radiais (medula, intermediária e casca, a distância genética de Mahalanobis e correlações genéticas e fenotípicas entre caracteres de crescimento (altura total, altura do fuste e diâmetro à altura do peito – DAP e densidade básica da madeira. A população apresentou alta densidade básica da madeira (0,75 g.cm-3 e alta herdabilidade (0,64 para este carácter na posição intermediária e na medula, indicando forte controle genético e a possibilidade de melhoramento por seleção. Os resultados também mostraram que para essa população de M. urundeuva deve-se utilizar as progênies 1 e 14 para obtenção de híbridos mais heteróticos por apresentarem maior distância de Mahalanobis; as progênies 14 e 20 por outro lado possuem distâncias muito próxima constituindo pares de progênies semelhantes, o que é interessante para se buscar melhoramento por retrocruzamento. Tais informações são importantes para escolha de métodos adequados de conservação e melhoramento genético.In the past, Myracrodruon urundeuva was intensively exploited due the quality of its wood and became scarce in all natural areas of occurrence, being actually considered in extinction (vulnerable category. This makes the species important for studies of population genetic structure for conservation and breeding purposes. Thus, from a progeny test established in 1987 in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul

Modification of the SERS spectrum of cyanide traces due to complex formation between cyanide and silver

Science.gov (United States)

Cao Dao, Tran; Kieu, Ngoc Minh; Quynh Ngan Luong, Truc; Cao, Tuan Anh; Hai Nguyen, Ngoc; Le, Van Vu

2018-06-01

It is well known that cyanide is an extremely toxic lethal poison with human death within minutes after exposure to only 300 ppm cyanide. On the other hand, cyanide is released into the environment (mainly through waste water) every day from various human activities. Therefore, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective cyanide trace detection is an urgent need. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a method that meets these requirements. It should be noted, however, that in this technique SERS substrates, which are usually made of gold or silver, will be leached with aqueous cyanide by the formation of complexes between gold or silver with cyanide. This will cause the SERS spectrum of cyanide to be modified. When determining cyanide concentrations by SERS analysis, this spectral modification should be taken into account. This report presents the SERS spectral modification of aqueous cyanide traces (in ppm and lower concentration range) when the SERS substrates used are flower-like silver micro-structures.

Highly Sensitive Magnetic-SERS Dual-Function Silica Nanoprobes for Effective On-Site Organic Chemical Detection

Science.gov (United States)

Jeong, Cheolhwan; Kim, Hyung-Mo; Park, So Yeon; Cha, Myeong Geun; Park, Sung-Jun; Kyeong, San; Pham, Xuan-Hung; Hahm, Eunil; Ha, Yuna; Jeong, Dae Hong; Jun, Bong-Hyun; Lee, Yoon-Sik

2017-01-01

We report magnetic silver nanoshells (M-AgNSs) that have both magnetic and SERS properties for SERS-based detection. The M-AgNSs are composed of hundreds of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for rapid accumulation and bumpy silver shell for sensitive SERS detection by near-infrared laser excitation. The intensity of the SERS signal from the M-AgNSs was strong enough to provide single particle-level detection. We obtained much stronger SERS signal intensity from the aggregated M-AgNSs than from the non-aggregated AgNSs. 4-Fluorothiophenol was detected at concentrations as low as 1 nM, which corresponds to 0.16 ppb. The limit of detection for tetramethylthiuram disulfide was 10 μM, which corresponds to 3 ppm. The M-AgNSs can be used to detect trace amounts of organic molecules using a portable Raman system. PMID:28608835

Highly Sensitive Magnetic-SERS Dual-Function Silica Nanoprobes for Effective On-Site Organic Chemical Detection

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Cheolhwan Jeong

2017-06-01

Full Text Available We report magnetic silver nanoshells (M-AgNSs that have both magnetic and SERS properties for SERS-based detection. The M-AgNSs are composed of hundreds of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for rapid accumulation and bumpy silver shell for sensitive SERS detection by near-infrared laser excitation. The intensity of the SERS signal from the M-AgNSs was strong enough to provide single particle-level detection. We obtained much stronger SERS signal intensity from the aggregated M-AgNSs than from the non-aggregated AgNSs. 4-Fluorothiophenol was detected at concentrations as low as 1 nM, which corresponds to 0.16 ppb. The limit of detection for tetramethylthiuram disulfide was 10 μM, which corresponds to 3 ppm. The M-AgNSs can be used to detect trace amounts of organic molecules using a portable Raman system.

Neighboring phosphoSer-Pro motifs in the undefined domain of IRAK1 impart bivalent advantage for Pin1 binding.

Science.gov (United States)

Rogals, Monique J; Greenwood, Alexander I; Kwon, Jeahoo; Lu, Kun Ping; Nicholson, Linda K

2016-12-01

The peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1 has two domains that are considered to be its binding (WW) and catalytic (PPIase) domains, both of which interact with phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs. This shared specificity might influence substrate selection, as many known Pin1 substrates have multiple sequentially close phosphoSer/Thr-Pro motifs, including the protein interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1). The IRAK1 undefined domain (UD) contains two sets of such neighboring motifs (Ser131/Ser144 and Ser163/Ser173), suggesting possible bivalent interactions with Pin1. Using a series of NMR titrations with 15N-labeled full-length Pin1 (Pin1-FL), PPIase, or WW domain and phosphopeptides representing the Ser131/Ser144 and Ser163/Ser173 regions of IRAK1-UD, bivalent interactions were investigated. Binding studies using singly phosphorylated peptides showed that individual motifs displayed weak affinities (> 100 μm) for Pin1-FL and each isolated domain. Analysis of dually phosphorylated peptides binding to Pin1-FL showed that inclusion of bivalent states was necessary to fit the data. The resulting complex model and fitted parameters were applied to predict the impact of bivalent states at low micromolar concentrations, demonstrating significant affinity enhancement for both dually phosphorylated peptides (3.5 and 24 μm for peptides based on the Ser131/Ser144 and Ser163/Ser173 regions, respectively). The complementary technique biolayer interferometry confirmed the predicted affinity enhancement for a representative set of singly and dually phosphorylated Ser131/Ser144 peptides at low micromolar concentrations, validating model predictions. These studies provide novel insights regarding the complexity of interactions between Pin1 and activated IRAK1, and more broadly suggest that phosphorylation of neighboring Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in proteins might provide competitive advantage at cellular concentrations for engaging with Pin1. © 2016 Federation of European

SERS and in situ SERS spectroscopy of riboflavin adsorbed on silver, gold and copper substrates. Elucidation of variability of surface orientation based on both experimental and theoretical approach

Science.gov (United States)

Dendisová-Vyškovská, Marcela; Kokaislová, Alžběta; Ončák, Milan; Matějka, Pavel

2013-04-01

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra have been collected to study influences of (i) used metal and (ii) applied electrode potential on orientation of adsorbed riboflavin molecules. Special in situ SERS spectroelectrochemical cell was used to obtain in situ SERS spectra of riboflavin adsorbed on silver, gold and copper nanostructured surfaces. Varying electrode potential was applied in discrete steps forming a cycle from positive values to negative and backward. Observed spectral features in in situ SERS spectra, measured at alternate potentials, have been changing very significantly and the spectra have been compared with SERS spectra of riboflavin measured ex situ. Raman spectra of single riboflavin molecule in the vicinity to metal (Ag, Au and Cu) clusters have been calculated for different mutual positions. The results demonstrate significant changes of bands intensities which can be correlated with experimental spectra measured at different potentials. Thus, the orientation of riboflavin molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces can be elucidated. It is influenced definitely by the value of applied potential. Furthermore, the riboflavin adsorption orientation on the surface depends on the used metal. Adsorption geometries on the copper substrates are more diverse in comparison with the orientations on silver and gold substrates.

Consumo de combustíveis no Brasil e Mato Grosso: estimativa do custo ecológico da emissão de gases de efeito estufa

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Vallência Maíra Gomes

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o nível da emissão de gases deefeito estufa (GEE a partir do consumo de combustíveis fósseis e renováveis noBrasil e no estado de Mato Grosso entre os anos de 2003 e 2010. Uma vezreconhecido o quantum de emissão de GEE, calculou-se o custo ecológico destaemissão a partir dos preços da tonelada de carbono comercializada na BolsaEuropeia do Clima e na Bolsa do Clima de Chicago. A partir deste exercício,estimou-se o peso deste custo ecológico sobre o Produto Interno Bruto do Brasil ede Mato Grosso no período analisado, considerando hipoteticamente a incorporaçãodestes custos externos na matriz produtiva de ambas as referências espaciais.Utilizando a base de dados de consumo de combustíveis do Brasil e de Mato Grossoda Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, foi empregado oMétodo “Top-Down” ou método de referência do IPCC para estimar as emissões dedióxido de carbono. Atrelou-se o preço do carbono nas Bolsas da Europa e dosEstados Unidos à emissão de gases do efeito estufa, para se estimar os custosexternos, chamados aqui também de custos ecológicos. Os resultados mostram queos custos ecológicos estão tendendo a redução neste período, tanto pela contençãoda emissão de GEE frente ao PIB quanto pela tendência negativa dos preços docarbono nas bolsas internacionais.Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate the level of greenhouse gasesemission (GHG from the consumption of fossil and renewable fuels in Brazil and inthe state of Mato Grosso between the years 2003 and 2010. Once recognized thequantum of GHG emission, was calculated the ecological cost of this emission asfrom the prices of the ton of carbon traded on the European Climate Exchange andon the Chicago Climate Exchange. From this exercise, was estimated the weight ofthis ecological cost on Gross Domestic Product (GDP of the Brazil and of MatoGrosso in the period

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

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Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Azole derivatives are common inhibitors of copper corrosion due to the chemical adsorption occurring on the metal surface that gives rise to a protective film. In particular, 1,2,4-triazole performs comparable to benzotriazole, which is much more widely used, but is by no means an environmentally friendly agent. In this study, we have analyzed the adsorption of 1,2,4-triazole on copper by taking advantage of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS effect, which highlights the vibrational features of organic ligand monolayers adhering to rough surfaces of some metals such as gold, silver and copper. To ensure the necessary SERS activation, a roughening procedure was implemented on the copper substrates, resulting in nanoscale surface structures, as evidenced by microscopic investigation. To obtain sufficient information on the molecule–metal interaction and the formation of an anticorrosive thin film, the SERS spectra were interpreted with the aid of theoretical calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT approach.

LA ELOCUENCIA, SISTEMA DE VIDA ÍNSITO EN EL SER HUMANO

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Bulmaro Reyes Coria

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo se funda en el repaso directo de las preceptivas retóricas aristotélica y ciceroniana, incluida la Retórica a Herenio. Pretende mostrar que la elocuencia, o retórica, no es una simple asignatura escolar que se desliga de la esencia del ser humano, sino un sistema que le es inherente a este. Tal sistema es capaz de ser cultivado y fortalecido por el estudio o la ejercitación, y estas dos tareas constituyen el lugar donde se nutre la invención: ahí se hace evidente la materia prima de los entimemas, ahí el ser humano cobra consciencia de que ese otro sistema es parte de su integridad, a pesar de que le sea intangible al tacto, como lo era para Sancho, quien, sin embargo, no podía vivir sin hablar ni siquiera contra los mandatos del amo.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) for Detection in Immunoassays: applications, fundamentals, and optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeremy Daniel Driskell

2006-01-01

Immunoassays have been utilized for the detection of biological analytes for several decades. Many formats and detection strategies have been explored, each having unique advantages and disadvantages. More recently, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been introduced as a readout method for immunoassays, and has shown great potential to meet many key analytical figures of merit. This technology is in its infancy and this dissertation explores the diversity of this method as well as the mechanism responsible for surface enhancement. Approaches to reduce assay times are also investigated. Implementing the knowledge gained from these studies will lead to a more sensitive immunoassay requiring less time than its predecessors. This dissertation is organized into six sections. The first section includes a literature review of the previous work that led to this dissertation. A general overview of the different approaches to immunoassays is given, outlining the strengths and weaknesses of each. Included is a detailed review of binding kinetics, which is central for decreasing assay times. Next, the theoretical underpinnings of SERS is reviewed at its current level of understanding. Past work has argued that surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the enhancing substrate influences the SERS signal; therefore, the SPR of the extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs) utilized in our SERS-based immunoassay is discussed. Four original research chapters follow the Introduction, each presented as separate manuscripts. Chapter 2 modifies a SERS-based immunoassay previously developed in our group, extending it to the low-level detection of viral pathogens and demonstrating its versatility in terms of analyte type, Chapter 3 investigates the influence of ERL size, material composition, and separation distance between the ERLs and capture substrate on the SERS signal. This chapter links SPR with SERS enhancement factors and is consistent with many of the results from theoretical treatments

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) for Detection in Immunoassays. Applications, fundamentals, and optimization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Driskell, Jeremy Daniel [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2006-08-09

Immunoassays have been utilized for the detection of biological analytes for several decades. Many formats and detection strategies have been explored, each having unique advantages and disadvantages. More recently, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been introduced as a readout method for immunoassays, and has shown great potential to meet many key analytical figures of merit. This technology is in its infancy and this dissertation explores the diversity of this method as well as the mechanism responsible for surface enhancement. Approaches to reduce assay times are also investigated. Implementing the knowledge gained from these studies will lead to a more sensitive immunoassay requiring less time than its predecessors. This dissertation is organized into six sections. The first section includes a literature review of the previous work that led to this dissertation. A general overview of the different approaches to immunoassays is given, outlining the strengths and weaknesses of each. Included is a detailed review of binding kinetics, which is central for decreasing assay times. Next, the theoretical underpinnings of SERS is reviewed at its current level of understanding. Past work has argued that surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the enhancing substrate influences the SERS signal; therefore, the SPR of the extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs) utilized in our SERS-based immunoassay is discussed. Four original research chapters follow the Introduction, each presented as separate manuscripts. Chapter 2 modifies a SERS-based immunoassay previously developed in our group, extending it to the low-level detection of viral pathogens and demonstrating its versatility in terms of analyte type, Chapter 3 investigates the influence of ERL size, material composition, and separation distance between the ERLs and capture substrate on the SERS signal. This chapter links SPR with SERS enhancement factors and is consistent with many of the results from theoretical treatments

Los cariotipos de Cologania grandiflora y Erythrina americana (Leguminosae- Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, México Karyotypes of Cologania grandiflora and Erythrina americana (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae- Phaseoleae of Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Tapia-Pastrana

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron citogenéticamente células provenientes de meristemos radiculares de 2 leguminosas, Cologania grandiflora y Erythrina americana, que en la actualidad están incluidas en la flora de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, México, D. F., mediante una técnica de extendido en superficie y secado al aire para determinar los números cromosómicos somáticos. Por vez primera se obtuvieron la morfología cromosómica y otras características cuantitativas de los cariotipos en C. grandiflora (2n= 44= 26m +18sm y en E. americana (2n= 42= 36m + 4sm +2st sat, primeras también en ambos géneros. Cologania y Erythrina se reconocen como poliploides estabilizados y el hallazgo de un único par de cromosomas con satélites (dominancia nucleolar en las especies estudiadas aquí, favorece la opinión de un origen alopoliploide para estos taxa.Meristematic root cells from Cologania grandiflora and Erythrina americana from Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Distrito Federal, Mexico, were analyzed cytogenenetically using a surface-spreading and air-drying method. The somatic chromosome numbers were determined. Chromosome morphology and others quantitative features of the karyotypes obtained for first time in C. grandiflora (2n= 44= 26m + 18sm and E. americana (2n= 42= 36m + 4sm + 2st sat and also the first in both genera. Cologania and Erythrina are recognized as stabilized polyploids and the finding of just one pair of chromosomes with satellites (nucleolar dominance in the species analyzed here supports the view of allopolyploid origin of these taxa.

Applications of the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Picquart, M.; Haro P, E.; Bernard, S.

2007-01-01

Full text: Vibration spectroscopy techniques are used for many times to identify substances, determine molecular structure and quantify them, independently of their physical state. Raman spectroscopy as infrared absorption permit to access the vibration energy levels of molecules. In the second case, the permanent dipolar moment is involved while in the first one it is the polarizability (and the induced dipolar moment). Unfortunately, the classical Raman spectroscopy is low sensitive in particular in the case of biological molecules. On the opposite, the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers great potentialities. In this case, the molecules are adsorbed on a rough surface or on nanoparticles of gold or silver and the: signal can be increased by a factor of 10 7 to 10 8 . Moreover, the spectral enhancement is greater for the vibrations of the functional group of the molecule adsorbed on the substrate. In this work, we present the main theoretical bases of SERS, and some results obtain on different systems. (Author)

Avaliação genética de indivíduos e progênies de cupuaçuzeiro no estado do Pará e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos Genetic evaluation of individuals and progenies of Theobroma grandiflorum in the state of Pará and estimates of genetic parameters

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Rafael Moysés Alves

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho relata a avaliação genotípica de progênies de cupuaçuzeiro, no Estado do Pará, para os caracteres número de frutos (NF em quatro safras, intensidade de ocorrência de vassoura- de-bruxa na inflorescência (VBI e nos frutos (VBF, e peso de vassoura-de-bruxa (PVB. Apresenta também estimativas de parâmetros genéticos que permitem inferir sobre o controle genético e nível de variabilidade genética presente no material avaliado. Todos os caracteres apresentaram considerável variabilidade genética, com coeficientes de variação genética variando de 27% a 88% no âmbito de progênie e de 38% a 123% no âmbito individual. Isto revela excelentes possibilidades para a seleção nessa população experimental híbrida. As estimativas de herdabilidade individual no sentido restrito, em uma safra, variaram de 25% a 54%, e as repetibilidades individuais para NF equivaleram a 35%. Com as quatro safras realizadas, a herdabilidade em nível individual aumentou para 48%, propiciando acurácia seletiva de 70%, para a seleção de indivíduos. O ganho em eficiência, quando se usa mais de cinco safras, é praticamente desprezível. Para NF, ganhos acima de 60% podem ser obtidos com a seleção dos cinco melhores indivíduos. Poderão ser selecionados indivíduos com produção anual de 17 frutos, valor muito superior à média geral de 10 frutos, encontrada nos plantios comerciais. Verificam-se ganhos genéticos bastante superiores quando se faz a propagação clonal dos melhores indivíduos em relação ao que se verifica quando se realiza a propagação sexuada. Para o melhor indivíduo, o ganho genético aumenta de 75.5% para 88.3%, ou seja, de 17 para quase 19 frutos por planta. Isto revela um grande potencial para a clonagem comercial de cupuaçuzeiro. Para os caracteres VBI e VBF, verificaram-se altas herdabilidades individuais no sentido restrito com valores variando entre 30% e 54%. Isto revela o excelente potencial da

Ser do tempo em Bergson

OpenAIRE

Coelho,Jonas Gonçalves

2004-01-01

O artigo apresenta a concepção bergsoniana de duração. Pretende-se mostrar que, segundo Bergson, o tempo dos filósofos e cientistas é um tempo fictício, um esquema espacial que oculta a natureza do tempo real, o qual não pode ser separado dos acontecimentos físicos e psicológicos. Para Bergson, o tempo real é sucessão, continuidade, mudança, memória e criação. El presente artículo trata de la concepción bergsoniana de duración. Pretendemos mostrar que, según Bergson, el tiempo de los filós...

The BARD1 Cys557Ser variant and breast cancer risk in Iceland.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simon N Stacey

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Most, if not all, of the cellular functions of the BRCA1 protein are mediated through heterodimeric complexes composed of BRCA1 and a related protein, BARD1. Some breast-cancer-associated BRCA1 missense mutations disrupt the function of the BRCA1/BARD1 complex. It is therefore pertinent to determine whether variants of BARD1 confer susceptibility to breast cancer. Recently, a missense BARD1 variant, Cys557Ser, was reported to be at increased frequencies in breast cancer families. We investigated the role of the BARD1 Cys557Ser variant in a population-based cohort of 1,090 Icelandic patients with invasive breast cancer and 703 controls. We then used a computerized genealogy of the Icelandic population to study the relationships between the Cys557Ser variant and familial clustering of breast cancer.The Cys557Ser allele was present at a frequency of 0.028 in patients with invasive breast cancer and 0.016 in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-3.01, p = 0.014. The alleleic frequency was 0.037 in a high-predisposition group of cases defined by having a family history of breast cancer, early onset of breast cancer, or multiple primary breast cancers (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.22-4.75, p = 0.015. Carriers of the common Icelandic BRCA2 999del5 mutation were found to have their risk of breast cancer further increased if they also carried the BARD1 variant: the frequency of the BARD1 variant allele was 0.047 (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.16-8.40, p = 0.046 in 999del5 carriers with breast cancer. This suggests that the lifetime probability of a BARD1 Cys557Ser/BRCA2 999del5 double carrier developing breast cancer could approach certainty. Cys557Ser carriers, with or without the BRCA2 mutation, had an increased risk of subsequent primary breast tumors after the first breast cancer diagnosis compared to non-carriers. Lobular and medullary breast carcinomas were overrepresented amongst Cys557Ser carriers. We found that an excess of ancestors

Micro-nano zinc oxide film fabricated by biomimetic mineralization: Designed architectures for SERS substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Fei; Guo, Yue; Wang, Yunxin; Song, Wei; Zhao, Bing

2018-05-01

In this study, we have investigated the effect of the surface morphologies of the zinc oxide (ZnO) substrates on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). During synthetic process, the self-assembly monolayers (SAMs) with different terminal groups are used as templates to induce the nucleation and growth of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O crystals, then different morphologies micro-nano ZnO powders are obtained by annealing Zn(NO3)2·6H2O crystals at 450 °C. The products obtained at different conditions are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectra. The as-prepared ZnO micro-sized particles have been used the efficient Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, and the SERS signals of 4-mercaptopyridine (Mpy) probe molecules are much influenced by the morphologies of the ZnO structures. Results indicated that the more (0001) facets appear in the of ZnO morphology, the greater degree of charge-transfer (PCT) for the SERS enhancement on the surface of semiconductors is achieved. The chemical interaction between ZnO structures and Mpy molecules plays a very important role in the SERS enhancement.

Physikalische Grundlagen von chemischen Raman-Sensoren mit Schwerpunkt auf faseroptischen SERS-Sonden

OpenAIRE

Viets, Carmen

2001-01-01

Faseroptische SERS-Sensoren wurden durch die Beschichtung der Endflächen von optischen Fasern mit rauhen Metallfilmen erzeugt. Zu den verschiedenen Präparationstechniken, die angewendet und verglichen wurden, gehörten das langsame Aufdampfen von Metall-Inselfilmen und das Bedampfen von Nanopartikeln, aufgerauhten oder elektronenlithographisch strukturierten Oberflächen mit Metallfilmen. Der Einfluß der Laserleistung auf die Messungen mit SERS-Sensoren wurde untersucht, und es wurden maximale ...

Biofabrication of chitosan-silver composite SERS substrates enabling quantification of adenine by a spectroscopic shift

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo, X L; Bentley, W E; Buckhout-White, S; Rubloff, G W

2011-01-01

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has grown dramatically as an analytical tool for the sensitive and selective detection of molecules adsorbed on nano-roughened noble metal structures. Quantification with SERS based on signal intensity remains challenging due to the complicated fabrication process to obtain well-dispersed nanoparticles and well-ordered substrates. We report a new biofabrication strategy of SERS substrates that enable quantification through a newly discovered spectroscopic shift resulting from the chitosan-analyte interactions in solution. We demonstrate this phenomenon by the quantification of adenine, which is an essential part of the nucleic acid structure and a key component in pathways which generate signal molecules for bacterial communications. The SERS substrates were fabricated simply by sequential electrodeposition of chitosan on patterned gold electrodes and electroplating of a silver nitrate solution through the chitosan scaffold to form a chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite. Active SERS signals of adenine solutions were obtained in real time from the chitosan-silver composite substrates with a significant concentration-dependent spectroscopic shift. The Lorentzian curve fitting of the dominant peaks suggests the presence of two separate peaks with a concentration-dependent area percentage of the separated peaks. The chitosan-mediated composite SERS substrates can be easily biofabricated on predefined electrodes within microfluidic channels for real-time detection in microsystems.

Correlación ecológica entre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mortalidad por cirrosis hepática en México

OpenAIRE

NARRO-ROBLES JOSÉ; GUTIÉRREZ-AVILA JESÚS HECTOR

1997-01-01

Objetivo. Determinar la correlación entre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mortalidad por cirrosis hepática. Material y métodos. Se efectuó un análisis de correlación ecológica entre el conjunto de variables que integran el patrón de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas investigadas en la Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones en 1993 y la mortalidad por cirrosis hepática, en el periodo 1971-1993 en las ocho regiones en que fue dividido el país. Para determinar el nivel de correlación se utilizaron los co...

La ficción en Internet para trasladar información de actualidad: ¿Diga?, un cortometraje sobre la huella ecológica

OpenAIRE

Velasco Manso, Marta

2017-01-01

¿Diga? es un cortometraje de ficción que traslada información sobre hábitos de consumo responsable con el fin de mostrar su importancia en el medio ambiente y en concreto, en la reducción de la huella ecológica. El cortometraje se enmarca dentro de un proyecto digital, Episodio Piloto, una página web donde albergar producciones breves de ficción junto a información que se pretenda mostrar con ellas. La información ligada a ¿Diga? se traslada mediante un artículo sencillo que explica el concep...

Paper membrane-based SERS platform for the determination of glucose in blood samples.

Science.gov (United States)

Torul, Hilal; Çiftçi, Hakan; Çetin, Demet; Suludere, Zekiye; Boyacı, Ismail Hakkı; Tamer, Uğur

2015-11-01

In this report, we present a paper membrane-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for the determination of blood glucose level using a nitrocellulose membrane as substrate paper, and the microfluidic channel was simply constructed by wax-printing method. The rod-shaped gold nanorod particles were modified with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MBA) and 1-decanethiol (1-DT) molecules and used as embedded SERS probe for paper-based microfluidics. The SERS measurement area was simply constructed by dropping gold nanoparticles on nitrocellulose membrane, and the blood sample was dropped on the membrane hydrophilic channel. While the blood cells and proteins were held on nitrocellulose membrane, glucose molecules were moved through the channel toward the SERS measurement area. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the effective separation of blood matrix, and total analysis is completed in 5 min. In SERS measurements, the intensity of the band at 1070 cm(-1) which is attributed to B-OH vibration decreased depending on the rise in glucose concentration in the blood sample. The glucose concentration was found to be 5.43 ± 0.51 mM in the reference blood sample by using a calibration equation, and the certified value for glucose was 6.17 ± 0.11 mM. The recovery of the glucose in the reference blood sample was about 88 %. According to these results, the developed paper-based microfluidic SERS platform has been found to be suitable for use for the detection of glucose in blood samples without any pretreatment procedure. We believe that paper-based microfluidic systems may provide a wide field of usage for paper-based applications.

Using Ag-embedded TiO{sub 2} nanotubes array as recyclable SERS substrate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ling, Yunhan, E-mail: yhling@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn [Lab of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Zhuo, Yuqing; Huang, Liang [Lab of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Mao, Duolu [School of Physical and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007 (China)

2016-12-01

Highlights: • Ag embedded nanoparticles inside nanotube have better SERS enhancement than surface cap. • Ag NPs reconstruction via self-migration with UV and humidity control. • Self-cleaning effects both on organic molecule photo-oxidation as well as Ag ions photo-reduction. - Abstract: A simple strategy for synthesizing Ag-loaded TiO{sub 2} nanotube film for use as multifunctional photocatalyst and recyclable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is introduced. Highly aligned TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays (TNTA) prepared via electrochemical anodization were used as a 3D rough host for silver nanoparticles. Ag deposits were sputtered in a vacuum, and it was found that their morphologies were mainly influenced by the diameters of nanotubes and the UV irradiation induced aging process, especially the self-migration of silver along the tubular wall. SERS and the self-cleaning effect were observed using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as the probe molecule. The results showed that narrow nanotube and silver nanoparticles embedment contributed significantly to both the phenomenal SERS and recyclability.

Project W-320, waste retrieval sluicing system: BIO/SER implementation matrices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bailey, J.W.

1998-01-01

This document provides verification that the safety related commitments specified in HNF-SD-WM-810-001, Addendum 1 for the Waste Retrieval Sluicing System, Project W-320 and Project W-320 Safety Evaluation Report (SER), have been implemented in the project hardware, procedures and administrative controls. Four appendices include matrices which show where the 810 commitments are implemented for limiting conditions of operation and surveillance requirements controls, administrative controls, defense-in-depth controls and controls discussed in 810 Addendum 1. A fifth appendix includes the implementation of Project W-320 SER issues and provisions

Screening for strains with 11α-hydroxylase activity for 17α-hydroxy progesterone biotransformation.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Qian; Qiao, Yuqian; Shen, Yanbing; Wang, Min; Wang, Xibo; Liu, Yang

2017-08-01

Various corticosteroids are prepared by using 11α,17α-diOH-progesterone (11α,17α-diOH-PROG) as an important intermediate and raw material. Hence, strains that can improve the yields of 11α,17α-diOH-PROG should be screened. Cunninghamella elegans CICC40250 was singled out from five common 11α hydroxylation strains. The reaction parameters of 11α,17α-diOH-PROG production were also investigated. C. elegans CICC40250 could efficiently catalyze the hydroxylation of 17α-hydroxy progesterone (17α-OH-PROG) at C-11α position. This strain could also effectively convert 11α,17α-diOH-PROG at high substrate concentrations (up to 30g/L). After the coenzyme precursor glucose was added, the rate of 11α,17α-diOH-PROG formation reached 84.2%, which was 11.4% higher than that of the control group. Our study established a simple and feasible mechanism to increase 11α,17α-diOH-PROG production levels. This mechanism involves C. elegans CICC40250 that can be efficiently applied to induce the biotransformation of 17α-OH-PROG with a hydroxylation biocatalytic ability. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

SERS activity with tenfold detection limit optimization on a type of nanoporous AAO-based complex multilayer substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Sui, Chaofan; Wang, Kaige; Wang, Shuang; Ren, Junying; Bai, Xiaohong; Bai, Jintao

2016-03-01

Most of SERS applications are constricted by heterogeneous hotspots and aggregates of nanostructure, which result in low sensitivity and poor reproducibility of characteristic signals. This work intends to introduce SERS properties of a type of SERS-active substrate, Au-CuCl2-AAO, which is innovatively developed on a porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) template. Spectral measuring results of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) on this substrate optimized by controlling morphology and gold thickness showed that enhancement factor (2.30 × 107) and detection limit (10-10 M) were both improved and represented better performance than its template AAO. Homogenous hot spots across the region of interest were achieved by scanning SERS intensity distribution for the band at 1505 cm-1 in 5 × 5 μm2 area. Furthermore, the promising SERS activity of the flower-patterned substrate was theoretically explained through simulation of the electromagnetic field distribution. In addition, this SERS substrate is proposed for applications within the field of chemical and biochemical analyses.Most of SERS applications are constricted by heterogeneous hotspots and aggregates of nanostructure, which result in low sensitivity and poor reproducibility of characteristic signals. This work intends to introduce SERS properties of a type of SERS-active substrate, Au-CuCl2-AAO, which is innovatively developed on a porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) template. Spectral measuring results of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) on this substrate optimized by controlling morphology and gold thickness showed that enhancement factor (2.30 × 107) and detection limit (10-10 M) were both improved and represented better performance than its template AAO. Homogenous hot spots across the region of interest were achieved by scanning SERS intensity distribution for the band at 1505 cm-1 in 5 × 5 μm2 area. Furthermore, the promising SERS activity of the flower-patterned substrate was theoretically explained through simulation of the

[AgBr colloids prepared by electrolysis and their SERS activity research].

Science.gov (United States)

Si, Min-Zhen; Fang, Yan; Dong, Gang; Zhang, Peng-Xiang

2008-01-01

Ivory-white AgBr colloids were prepared by means of electrolysis. Two silver rods 1.0 cm in diameter and 10.0 cm long were respectively used as the negative and positive electrodes, the aqueous solution of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide was used as the electrolyte, and a 7 V direct current was applied on the silver rods for three hours. The obtained AgBr colloids were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and SERS using a 514. 5 nm laser line on Renishaw 2000 Raman spectrometer. These particles are about nanometer size and their shapes are as spherical or elliptic, with a slight degree of particle aggregation. The UV-Vis spectra exhibit a large plasmon resonance band at about 292.5 nm, similar to that reported in the literature. The AgBr colloids were very stable at room temperature for months. In order to test if these AgBr colloids can be used for SERS research, methyl orange, Sudan red and pyridine were used. It was found that AgBr colloids have SERS activity to these three molicules. For methyl orange, the intense Raman peaks are at 1 123, 1 146, 1 392, 1 448 and 1 594 cm(-1); for Sudan red, the intense Raman peaks are at 1 141, 1 179, 1 433 and 1 590 cm(-1); and for pyridine, the intense Raman peaks are at 1 003, 1 034 and 1 121 cm(-1). It is noticeable that SERS of methyl orange was observed on AgBr colloids, but not on the gray and yellow silver colloids prepared by traditional means. The possible reason was explained. One major advantage of this means is the absence of the spectral interference such as citrate, BH4- arising from reaction products of the colloids formation process. On AgBr colloids, one can get some molecular SERS impossible to get on the gray and yellow silver colloids.

On the chemical enhancement in SERS

Science.gov (United States)

Jensen, Lasse

2012-12-01

In Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the Raman signal of a molecule adsorbed on a metal surface is enhanced by many orders of magnitude. This provides a "finger-print" of molecules which can be used in ultrasensitive sensing devises. Here we present a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) study of the molecule-surface chemical coupling in SERS. A systematic study of the chemical enhancement (CHEM) of meta-and para-substituted pyridines interacting with a small silver cluster (Ag20) is presented. We find that the magnitude of chemical enhancement is governed to a large extent by the energy difference between the highest occupied energy level (HOMO) of the metal and the lowest unoccupied energy level (LUMO) of the molecule. A two-state approximation shows that the enhancement scales roughly as (ωX/ω¯e)4, where accent="true">ω¯e is an average excitation energy between the HOMO of the metal and the LUMO of the molecule and wX the HOMO-LUMO gap of the free molecule. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to control the CHEM enhancement by switching a dithienylethene photoswitch from its closed form to its open form. The open form of the photoswitch is found to be the strongest Raman scatterer when adsorbed on the surface whereas the opposite is found for the free molecule. This trend is explained using the simple two-state approximation.

Notas introdutórias sobre a Manualidade do mundo em “ser e tempo” (zuhandenheit

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silva, Jayme Camargo da

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O filósofo Martin Heidegger explicitou que, a diferença específica entre a existência do homem (Dasein e a dos demais objetos da realidade – aos quais denominou como “Vorhandenheit” (entes intramundanos ou meramente subsistentes -, é que o homem ao existir na compreensão do ser, se autocompreende como ser-no-mundo que é, e assim torna possível a manifestação dos entes subsistentes (circulo hermenêutico. O processo operativo dos modos de ser da existência no cotidiano, se dá através da ocupação (Besorgen e se manifesta no “serem” constitutivo do modo de ser-no-mundo do homem

Crisis y nuevos patrones de consumo: discursos sociales acerca del consumo ecológico en el ámbito de las grandes ciudades españolas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Enrique Alonso

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La situación de profunda crisis económica que atraviesa España desde hace varios años está teniendo efectos significativos en las formas de relación de la ciudadanía con las prácticas de consumo. Una de las cuestiones más relevantes en este contexto tiene que ver con la posibilidad de un crecimiento de la con - ciencia medioambiental, ante la dificultad creciente para sostener los patrones consumistas de la época del boom, la popularización de nuevas pautas de con - sumo responsable y la creciente preocupación en relación a fenómenos como el cambio climático. En este artículo, nuestro objetivo específico es el de explorar las percepciones sociales en relación al denominado consumo ecológico, desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente cualitativa. Para ello, procederemos a realizar un análisis de los discursos generados en una serie de grupos de discusión, en el marco de una investigación más amplia sobre la relación entre consumo y crisis. Los resultados obtenidos parecen apuntar hacia las dificultades que presentan las opciones de consumo ecológicas de consolidarse en el imaginario del consumi - dor medio español, debido a una serie de razones que se describirán con detalle en nuestro trabajo

Paper based Flexible and Conformal SERS Substrate for Rapid Trace Detection on Real-world Surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Singamaneni, Srikanth; Lee, Chang; Tian, Limei

2011-03-01

One of the important but often overlooked considerations in the design of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for trace detection is the efficiency of sample collection. Conventional designs based on rigid substrates such as silicon, alumina, and glass resist conformal contact with the surface under investigation, making the sample collection inefficient. We demonstrate a novel SERS substrate based on common filter paper adsorbed with gold nanorods, which allows conformal contact with real-world surfaces, thus dramatically enhancing the sample collection efficiency compared to conventional rigid substrates. We demonstrate the detection of trace amounts of analyte (140 pg spread over 4 cm2) by simply swabbing the surface under investigation with the novel SERS substrate. The hierarchical fibrous structure of paper serves as a 3D vasculature for easy uptake and transport of the analytes to the electromagnetic hot spots in the paper. Simple yet highly efficient and cost effective SERS substrate demonstrated here brings SERS based trace detection closer to real-world applications. We acknowledge the financial support from Center for Materials Innovation at Washington University.

Following the Dynamics of pH in Endosomes of Live Cells with SERS Nanosensors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kneipp, J.; Kneipp, Harald; Wittig, B.

2010-01-01

The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum of a reporter molecule attached to gold or silver nanostructures, which is pH-sensitive, can deliver information on the local pH in the environment of the nanostructure. Here, we demonstrate the use of a mobile SERS nanosensor made from gold...... nanaoaggregates and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) attached as a reporter for monitoring changes in local pH of the cellular compartments of living NIH/3T3 cells. We show that SERS nanosensors enable the dynamics of local pH in individual live cells to be followed at subendosomal resolution in a timeline...

El Segundo Cerebro del ser humano.

OpenAIRE

Rocío Ponce

2015-01-01

Existen dos tipos de cerebros, el conocido por todos formado por el sistema nervioso central, que sería el cerebro donde las emociones se forman en base a las experiencias anteriores. El segundo cerebro, el otro, ignorado por la mayoría de seres humanos es el cerebro que está en los intestinos, Sistema Nervioso Enteral o mesentérico, que se caracteriza por la relación del cerebro y aparato digestivo, este cerebro posee más neuronas que su par, guarda emociones, determina la respuesta de acuer...

Commercial Gold Nanoparticles on Untreated Aluminum Foil: Versatile, Sensitive, and Cost-Effective SERS Substrate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kristina Gudun

2017-01-01

Full Text Available We introduce low-cost, tunable, hybrid SERS substrate of commercial gold nanoparticles on untreated aluminum foil (AuNPs@AlF. Two or three AuNP centrifugation/resuspension cycles are proven to be critical in the assay preparation. The limits of detection (LODs for 4-nitrobenzenethiol (NBT and crystal violet (CV on this substrate are about 0.12 nM and 0.19 nM, respectively, while maximum analytical SERS enhancement factors (AEFs are about 107. In comparative assays LODs for CV measured on AuNPs@Au film and AuNPs@glass are about 0.35 nM and 2 nM, respectively. The LOD for melamine detected on AuNPs@ Al foil is 27 ppb with 3 orders of magnitude for linear response range. Overall, AuNPs@AlF demonstrated competitive performance in comparison with AuNPs@ Au film substrate in SERS detection of CV, NBT, and melamine. To check the versatility of the AuNPs@AlF substrate we also detected KNO3 with LODs of 0.7 mM and SERS EF around 2 × 103, which is on the same order with SERS EF reported for this compound in the literature.

SERS and fluorescence-based ultrasensitive detection of mercury in water.

Science.gov (United States)

Makam, Pandeeswar; Shilpa, Rohilla; Kandjani, Ahmad Esmaielzadeh; Periasamy, Selvakannan R; Sabri, Ylias Mohammad; Madhu, Chilakapati; Bhargava, Suresh Kumar; Govindaraju, Thimmaiah

2018-02-15

The development of reliable and ultrasensitive detection marker for mercury ions (Hg 2+ ) in drinking water is of great interest for toxicology assessment, environmental protection and human health. Although many Hg 2+ detection methods have been developed, only few offer sensitivities below 1pM. Herein, we describe a simple histidine (H) conjugated perylene diimide (PDI) bolaamphiphile (HPH) as a dual-responsive optical marker to develop highly selective and sensitive probe as visible (sol-to-gel transformation), fluorescence and SERS-based Hg 2+ sensor platform in the water. Remarkably, HPH as a SERS marker supported on Au deposited monodispersed nanospheres monolayers (Au-MNM) of polystyrene offers an unprecedented selectivity and the best ever reported detection limit (LOD) of 60 attomolar (aM, 0.01 parts-per-quadrillion (ppq)) for Hg 2+ in water. This is ten orders of magnitude lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) tolerance limit of Hg 2+ in drinking water (10nM, 2 ppb). This simple and effective design principle of host-guest interactions driven fluorescence and SERS-based detection may inspire the future molecular engineering strategies for the development of ultrasensitive toxic analyte sensor platforms. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Afinidad ecológica y distribución actual de Primates (Cebidae en Campeche, México

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Eloísa Navarro Fernández

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Realizamos recorridos de campo durante la temporada de marzo a septiembre del 2000 para obtener la distribución actual de cébidos presentes en el estado de Campeche, México. Por medio de encuestas y observaciones directas, se determinó la distribución de Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis, Alouatta pigra y se documentó por primera vez localidades en Campeche donde se encuentra Alouatta palliata mexicana. Se elaboraron mapas de distribución de las especies con la ayuda de los paquetes ArcInfo y ArcView por medio de la sobreposición de coberturas de vegetación, obtenidas en el Inventario Nacional Forestal (1995 y los puntos de registro obtenidos durante el trabajo de campo. En los mapas se presenta la distribución verificada y probable de cada especie. Con la ayuda de los atributos de dicho inventario se calcularon las áreas de distribución confiable resultando 22 736 km 2 para Alouatta sp. y 18 501 km 2 para A. g. yucatanensis. Se presenta la superficie ocupada por cada especie en los diferentes tipos de vegetación y el porcentaje respectivo, así como el porcentaje de ocupación de las especies en el territorio del Estado, para la discusión de las afinidades ecológicas. Para Alouatta, se corroboró su capacidad para soportar la presión de encontrase en ambientes perturbados ocasionados por la fragmentación del hábitat, al ser este ambiente el ocupado con mayor proporción por este género. En el caso de A. g. yucatanensis encontramos que presenta una mayor afinidad a los ambientes no perturbados.We carried out surveys realized field work from March to September 2000 to get the current distribution of Cebids in the state of Campeche, Mexico. Based on interviews and direct observations. We defined the distribution of Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis and Alouatta pigra and we documented the first time localities where Allouata palliata is found in the state. We made distributional maps of each species using vegetation overlays from

Anatomía ecológica de algunas especies del género Paspalum (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae

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Sandra S. Aliscioni

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Aliscioni, S. S. 2000. Anatomía ecológica de algunas especies del género Paspalum(Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae. Darwiniana 38(3-4: 187-207.El género Paspalum L. presenta un elevado número de especies, con una amplia variabilidadmorfológica y una extensa distribución geográfica. Sus especies crecen en hábitats sumamente diversos,desde ambientes muy húmedos o acuáticos, a lugares secos de suelos arcillosos o arenosos, muchas vecessalinos. Dada la diversidad de ambientes en los que puede hallarse Paspalum, se estudiaron lascaracterísticas anatómico-foliares presentes en el género con la finalidad de interpretar diferentesestrategias adaptativas en distintas especies. Se presenta una descripción general de la anatomía foliar delgénero y se discuten ciertos caracteres anatómicos, interpretando su posible relación con las condicionesdel hábitat

Ecoturismo en la reserva Cuyabeno : realidad y retórica en la relación de los Siona con el turismo ecológico 1994

OpenAIRE

Arrueta, José Antonio

1996-01-01

El Turismo es una actividad que consiste básicamente en visitar lugares en donde buscamos satisfacer demandas relacionadas a información, diversión, conocimiento y placer. El turismo ecológico implica reglamentos de conducta de los visitantes, en relación a la preservación y conservación de los sitios naturales a silvestres que se visita. Incluye la participación de las poblaciones locales de los sitos de reserva como “beneficiarias” del ecoturismo. Estos "principios generales" del turismo ec...

A Sensitive Gold Nanoplasmonic SERS Quantitative Analysis Method for Sulfate in Serum Using Fullerene as Catalyst

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Chongning Li

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Fullerene exhibited strong catalysis of the redox reaction between HAuCl4 and trisodium citrate to form gold nanoplasmon with a strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS effect at 1615 cm−1 in the presence of Vitoria blue B molecule probes. When fullerene increased, the SERS peak enhanced linearly due to formation of more AuNPs as substrate. Upon addition of Ba2+, Ba2+ ions adsorb on the fullerene surface to inhibit the catalysis of fullerene that caused the SERS peak decreasing. Analyte SO42− combined with Ba2+ to form stable BaSO4 precipitate to release free fullerene that the catalysis recovered, and the SERS intensity increased linearly. Thus, a new SERS quantitative analysis method was established for the detection of sulfate in serum samples, with a linear range of 0.03–3.4 μM.

Nonequilibrium Chemical Effects in Single-Molecule SERS Revealed by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fischer, Sean A.; Apra, Edoardo; Govind, Niranjan; Hess, Wayne P.; El-Khoury, Patrick Z.

2017-02-03

Recent developments in nanophotonics have paved the way for achieving significant advances in the realm of single molecule chemical detection, imaging, and dynamics. In particular, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that is now routinely used to identify the chemical identity of single molecules. Understanding how nanoscale physical and chemical processes affect single molecule SERS spectra and selection rules is a challenging task, and is still actively debated. Herein, we explore underappreciated chemical phenomena in ultrasensitive SERS. We observe a fluctuating excited electronic state manifold, governed by the conformational dynamics of a molecule (4,4’-dimercaptostilbene, DMS) interacting with a metallic cluster (Ag20). This affects our simulated single molecule SERS spectra; the time trajectories of a molecule interacting with its unique local environment dictates the relative intensities of the observable Raman-active vibrational states. Ab initio molecular dynamics of a model Ag20-DMS system are used to illustrate both concepts in light of recent experimental results.

Ser educador(a é ... (também socializar inquietações

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Sandra Marisa Allebrandt-Padilha

2011-11-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo convida os educadores a refletir sobre questões candentes do cotidiano escolar, tais como: o sofrimento diante do aluno que não aprende, o mal-estar-docente decorrente das transformações sociopolíticas que convergem para a Educação Inclusiva. Nessa perspectiva, com o propósito de buscar respostas para a Educação na Diversidade, elegemos algumas iniciativas que desafiam aqueles que desejam ser protagonistas no ofício SER EDUCADOR.Palavras-chave: Cotidiano Escolar. Dificuldade de Aprendizagem. Educação Inclusiva, Mal-Estar-Docente. Diversidade..

Estado ecológico del sistema estuarino del Río Guayas, Cantón Durán, Ecuador: Simulación numérica de su dinámica fluvial y principios ecológicos para el diseño de actuaciones de restauración y/o recuperación

OpenAIRE

Olaya Carbo, Peter

2016-01-01

46 p. El cantón Durán está emplazado en una zona de transición entre el agua dulce del río Guayas y el agua salobre del mar, las principales actividades de la región son la agricultura, ganadería, y las industrias; con la llegada del invierno, la región se somete a inundaciones que producen complicaciones socioeconómicas debido al uso antrópico de áreas inundables, además el río Guayas presenta un pobre estado de conservación ecológico (RQI, Riparian Quality Index=30), debido en gran parte...

Diagnóstico del potencial turístico en las comunidades kichwas asentadas en la zona de amortiguamiento de la reserva ecológica Cotacachi Cayapas.

OpenAIRE

Flores Endara, Apauki Katari

2016-01-01

Determinar el potencial turístico en las comunidades kichwas ubicadas en la Zona de Amortiguamiento de la RECC. Son siete comunidades kichwas ubicadas en la Zona de Amortiguamiento de la Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi Cayapas, tienen recursos turísticos y al estar en un sitio estratégico cerca la Laguna de Cuicocha, se convierte en un potencial para el desarrollo del turismo comunitario. No obstante por el desconocimiento del valor turístico de los habitantes y por entidades tanto públicas y ...

Fabrication of SERS Active Surface on Polyimide Sample by Excimer Laser Irradiation

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T. Csizmadia

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A possible application of excimer laser irradiation for the preparation of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS substrate is demonstrated. A polyimide foil of 125 μm thickness was irradiated by 240 pulses of focused ArF excimer laser beam (λ = 193 nm, FWHM = 20 ns. The applied fluence was varied between 40 and 80 mJ/cm2. After laser processing, the sample was coated with 40 nm silver by PLD in order to create a conducting layer required for the SERS application. The SERS activity of the samples was tested by Raman microscopy. The Raman spectra of Rhodamine 6G aqueous solution (c=10−3 mol/dm3 were collected from the patterned and metalized areas. For areas prepared at 40–60 mJ/cm2 laser fluences, the measured Raman intensities have shown a linear dependence on the applied laser fluence, while above 60 mJ/cm2 saturation was observed. The morphology of the SERS active surface areas was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Finite element modeling was performed in order to simulate the laser-absorption induced heating of the polyimide foil. The simulation resulted in the temporal and spatial distribution of the estimated temperature in the irradiated polyimide sample, which are important for understanding the structure formation process.

Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes Landrum: aspectos botânicos, ecológicos, etnobotânicos e farmacológicos

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A.S.R. D'angelis

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes Landrum é a única espécie representante brasileira deste gênero de Myrtaceae. Tem sido popularmente utilizada no tratamento de diversas enfermidades, assim como condimento e aromatizante de bebidas, por seu sabor muito similar ao cravo-da-índia. Em menor escala, é empregada em carpintaria e na arborização urbana. Diversos autores analisaram a composição química do óleo essencial da espécie em diferentes regiões do Brasil, encontrando eugenol, metileugenol, (E metilisoeugenol, chavibetol, geranial e neral como composto predominante nos espécimes estudados. Visando ressaltar a importância de P. pseudocaryophyllus como potencial fonte de recursos assim como subsidiar ações de manejo adequado esta revisão apresenta os principais aspectos botânicos, ecológicos, etnobotânicos e farmacológicos da espécie.

Antropología y medio ambiente. Revisión de una tradición y nuevas perspectivas de análisis en la problemática ecológica

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Beatriz Santamarina Campos

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Durante los últimos años la producción etnográfica sobre el conflicto medio ambiental ha generado un volumen considerable de aportaciones. En este artículo se contextualiza, en la tradición antropológica, las distintas perspectivas (la ecológica, la simbólica cognitiva y la política que se han ocupado del entorno, de la construcción de la naturaleza y del papel otorgado a la naturaleza en la distribución de relaciones de poder. Todo para situar a las perspectivas de la ecología simbólica y ecología política como los enfoques, desde nuestro punto de vista, más pertinentes para abordar el conflicto medio ambiental. En un mundo donde se imponen visiones hegemónicas y discursos ecológicos globalizados, basados en una racionalidad político-económica que se pretende única, se hace necesario un análisis crítico para descifrar las claves de nuestra práctica cultural y para poner en práctica todo el conocimiento local aprendido, que permita sacar a la luz otros discursos practicables posibles desde lógicas marginales.

Fatores ecológicos associados à colonização e ao desenvolvimento de macrófitas aquáticas e desafios de manejo

OpenAIRE

Thomaz,S.M.

2002-01-01

As macrófitas constituem-se em uma importante assembléia de ecossistemas aquáticos continentais, mas seu crescimento excessivo pode provocar danos aos usos múltiplos de alguns ambientes. Durante o processo de sucessão ecológica, a maioria dos ecossistemas aquáticos é colonizada, em diferentes graus, pela vegetação aquática. No entanto, explosões populacionais são usualmente decorrentes de ações antrópicas, como introduções de espécies exóticas e alterações de habitats. O conhecimento da ecolo...

SERS internship fall 1995 abstracts and research papers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davis, Beverly

1996-05-01

This report is a compilation of twenty abstracts and their corresponding full papers of research projects done under the US Department of Energy Science and Engineering Research Semester (SERS) program. Papers cover a broad range of topics, for example, environmental transport, supercomputers, databases, biology. Selected papers were indexed separately for inclusion the the Energy Science and Technology Database.

Relación entre el proceso evolutivo del ser humano y su predisposición al cáncer

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Armando Ernesto Pérez Cala

2018-02-01

Full Text Available El cáncer se ha convertido en la primera causa de morbimortalidad en numerosos países. En las últimas décadas se ha asistido a un cambio en el paradigma conceptual de las enfermedades neoplásicas, que ahora se enfoca hacia la perspectiva ecológica-evolutiva de estas. Con el objetivo de analizar, con elementos actualizados, la relación entre el proceso evolutivo del ser humano y su predisposición al cáncer, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, a partir de tres bases de datos, Medline, Scopus, y SciELO. Se tuvieron en cuenta atributos de consistencia de los artículos revisados, se excluyeron los estudios con niveles IV y V de evidencia y los de calidad insuficiente. Las búsquedas acumuladas actuales sugieren la necesidad de ver a las diversas neoplasias desde la perspectiva de la dinámica de sistemas complejos y sus implicaciones evolutivas. El proceso evolutivo humano posee particularidades biosociales que le predisponen a sufrir tumores malignos. La postura bípeda incrementó vulnerabilidad al efecto oncogénico de las radiaciones ultravioletas. La conducta sexual incrementó el riesgo de contraer infecciones por virus oncogénicos. El paso a una predominantemente cárnica y la introducción de la cocción, se tradujo en la incorporación de agentes xenobióticos cuyo metabolismo deriva agentes carcinógenos. La postergación del envejecimiento humano devino en un mayor tiempo para el acúmulo de mutaciones. Las modificaciones en el patrón sexual y reproductivo en la mujer han influido en su predisposición al cáncer de mama. En la génesis poblacional del cáncer subyacen fundamentos biosociales vinculados al proceso evolutivo de la especie.

Un estudio ecológico del voto socialista en el medio rural-urbano andaluz, 1999-2012

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Carmen Ortega

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pretende contribuir a reforzar los estudios electorales en España, ampliando su especialización temática y metodológica, con la realización de un estudio ecológico del voto. En concreto, se exploran, desde un enfoque agregado, las relaciones entre el tipo de hábitat y el voto socialista en los distintos procesos celebrados en Andalucía, desde 1999 hasta 2012. Nuestro análisis empírico comprende dos aproximaciones: la primera ofrece una geografía del voto más descriptiva que explicativa, donde se muestra que tanto la participación como el voto al PSOE se asocia de forma negativa con el grado de urbanización; la segunda, mediante modelos de regresión espaciales, indaga las bases socioestructurales y muestra que el voto socialista se asocia a la inestabilidad y precariedad económica de las localidades ?fundamentalmente tasas de desempleo y de población agraria subsidiada?, especialmente en las elecciones generales y autonómicas.

Estrutura de prática e validade ecológica no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora Practice schedule and ecological validity in the adaptive process of motor learning

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Marcela Massigli

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o efeito da estrutura de prática no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora em função da validade ecológica da situação experimental. Participaram do estudo 104 crianças distribuídas em oito grupos experimentais (dois níveis de validade ecológica x quatro estruturas de prática. A tarefa consistiu em rebater uma bola de tênis de mesa lançada por um equipamento ou pelo experimentador, com o objetivo de acertar um alvo localizado no lado oposto da mesa. O estudo envolveu duas fases: estabilização e adaptação. O desempenho foi analisado por meio da soma dos pontos obtidos em blocos de 10 tentativas. Os resultados mostraram que os efeitos das práticas constante, aleatória, constante-aleatória e aleatória-constante no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora foram similares em ambos os níveis de validade ecológica; a prática constante foi a estrutura menos efetiva no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora em ambas as situações experimentais.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different practice schedules in the adaptive process of motor learning in function of the ecological validity of the experimental situation. Participants were 104 children distributed in eight experimental groups (2 levels of ecological validity x 4 practice schedules. The task was to hit a table tennis ball thrown by equipment or experimenter, aiming to hit a target located on the opposite side of the table. The study was carried out in two phases: stabilization and adaptation. Performance was analyzed through the sum of the points achieved in ten trial blocks. Results showed that the effects of constant, random, constant-random and random-constant practice on the adaptive process of motor learning were similar in both levels of ecological validity; constant practice was the less effective schedule on the adaptive process of motor learning in both experimental situations.

El modo de ser cínico de los dirigentes The Way of Being Cynical of the Leaders

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Álvaro Zapata Domínguez

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Bédard (1995, 2002, ha identificado tres modos de ser que ella designa como “Modo de Ser mítico”, “Modo de Ser sistemático”, “Modo de Ser pragmático”, un cuarto modo de Ser, el “Modo de Ser relacional” ha sido propuesto por Alain Chanlat (1995. Estos modos de Ser, son para los autores, la manifestación de las grandes tendencias del pensamiento occidental. En este contexto en el presente artículo se desarrolla el “Modo de Ser Cínico” de los dirigentes. Los valores fundamentales que distinguen el cinismo, son: la resistencia, la impasibilidad, la maldad.Bédard (1995, 2002, has identified three manners of being, that she designates as the “Way of being mythical”, the “Way of being systematic”, and the “Way of being pragmatic”. A fourth way of being, the “Way of being relational” has been proposed by Alain Chanlat (1995. These ways of being, are for the authors, the manifestation of big trends in Western thought. In this context, in the present article, the “Way of being cynical” of the leaders is developed. The fundamental values that distinguish the cynicism are: resistance, impassivity and evil.

Preparation of sensitive and recyclable porous Ag/TiO{sub 2} composite films for SERS detection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Zhengyi; Yu, Jiajie; Yang, Jingying; Lv, Xiang; Wang, Tianhe, E-mail: thwang56@126.com

2015-12-30

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • A new but simple method of fabricating robust TiO{sub 2} films on glass. • AgNPs were deposited on the surface of TiO{sub 2} films with the assistance of UV irradiation. • Substrates with high SERS sensitivity and excellent recyclability. - Abstract: Porous Ag/TiO{sub 2} composite films were prepared by spin coating of titania on normal glass slides and subsequent photochemical deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The films were characterized by XRD and FESEM to reveal micro structural and morphological differences between films obtained under varied conditions. The SERS properties of these films were investigated using aqueous crystal violet (CV) as probe molecules. The results indicate that the content of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and photo-reduction time had significant influences on both the microstructure and SERS performance of Ag/TiO{sub 2} films. The highest SERS sensitivity that allowed as low as 10{sup −10} M aqueous CV to be detected, was achieved with the PEG/(C{sub 4}H{sub 9}O){sub 4}Ti molar ratio being 0.08% and with 30 min of UV irradiation. With this film a linear relationship was established through experiment between SERS intensity and CV concentration from 10{sup −10} to 10{sup −5} M, which could be used as a calibration curve for CV concentration measurement. In addition, the film could be reused as a SERS substrate for up to four times without significantly losing SERS sensitivity if a simple regeneration was followed. It is visualized that the Ag/TiO{sub 2} film on glass has potentials for being developed into a practical SERS substrate with high sensitivity and good reusability.

Amnesic shellfish poisoning biotoxin detection in seawater using pure or amino-functionalized Ag nanoparticles and SERS.

Science.gov (United States)

Müller, Csilla; Glamuzina, Branko; Pozniak, Iva; Weber, Karina; Cialla, Dana; Popp, Jürgen; Cîntă Pînzaru, Simona

2014-12-01

Domoic acid (DA) biotoxin responsible for the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) has been unambiguously detected in seawater in a broad range of concentration, with both pure and amino-functionalized Ag nanoparticles employed for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). To achieve this, a comprehensive SERS study on DA dissolved in distilled water has been conducted. SERS of DA dissolved in seawater in concentrations ranging from 3.3 × 10(-4) to 3.3 × 10(-8) mol l(-1) exhibited specific signal, completely different to those of the corresponding DA aqueous solutions, due to the seawater interference in the overall SERS effect. In order to assess the capability of the technique as a cheaper alternative for rapid and unambiguous detection of the DA biotoxin in seawater, three detection schemes have been proposed. DA was detectable at 0.33 nmoll(-1) concentration (0.33) dissolved in distilled water and 0.033 nmol l(-1) (0.033 ppb) in seawater respectively, much lower than the admitted level by the current regulation. A solvent specific interaction of DA with the NPs was concluded, since DA aqueous solution added to Ag nanoparticles provided different SERS signal compared to that of DA directly dissolved in seawater. Employing amino-functionalized Ag nanoparticles with 4-aminothiophenol as SERS tag, SERS signal of DA on amino-AgNPs revealed significant specificity associated with the aromatic primary amine interaction of the SERS tag with DA, thus allowing DA detection in seawater at 4.16 × 10(-4) mol l(-1) concentration, much higher than in the case of pure NPs. To highlight the findings, a brief literature review to date on the DA biotoxin detection was also provided. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Association of the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Coppedè, Fabio; Mancuso, Michelangelo; Lo Gerfo, Annalisa; Carlesi, Cecilia; Piazza, Selina; Rocchi, Anna; Petrozzi, Lucia; Nesti, Claudia; Micheli, Dario; Bacci, Andrea; Migliore, Lucia; Murri, Luigi; Siciliano, Gabriele

2007-06-13

Amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and progressive neurodegenerative disease causing the loss of motoneurons of the brain and the spinal cord. The etiology of ALS is still uncertain, but males are at increased risk for the disease than females. Several studies have suggested that motoneurons in ALS might be subjected to the double insult of increased DNA oxidative damage and deficiencies in DNA repair systems. Particularly, increased levels of 8-oxoguanine and impairments of the DNA base excision repair system have been observed in neurons of ALS patients. There is evidence that the Ser326Cys polymorphism of the human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) gene is associated with a reduced DNA repair activity. To evaluate the role of the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism in sporadic ALS (sALS), we screened 136 patients and 129 matched controls. In the total population, we observed association between both the Cys326 allele (p=0.02) and the combined Ser326Cys+Cys326Cys genotype (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.06-2.88) and increased risk of disease. After stratification by gender, the Cys326 allele (p=0.01), both the Ser326Cys genotype (OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.09-4.19) and the combined Ser326Cys+Cys326Cys genotype (OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.16-4.01) were associated with sALS risk only in males. No significant association between the Ser326Cys polymorphism and disease phenotype, including age and site of onset and disease progression, was observed. Present results suggest a possible involvement of the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism in sALS pathogenesis.

Ploidia e fertilidade de pólen em progênies de citros Ploidy and pollen fertility in citrus hybrids

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Eduardo Cesar Brugnara

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para estimar a fertilidade do pólen e determinar o nível de ploidia em progênies dos cruzamentos da tangerineira 'Montenegrina' (C. deliciosa Ten. com a tangerineira 'King' (C. nobilis Lour. e com a laranjeira 'Caipira' (C. sinensis (L. Osb.. As plantas, de pés-francos e com idade entre 11 e 12 anos, são mantidas na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em Eldorado do Sul. Avaliaram-se o nível de ploidia, através da contagem dos cromossomos em células em meiose, e a fertilidade do pólen, por coloração do pólen com carmim propiônico, em 2005 e 2006. Todos os híbridos avaliados são diplóides e a fertilidade de pólen variou de zero a 98%. C27 - híbrido de 'Montenegrina' x 'Caipira' - revelou-se praticamente estéril, e a fertilidade de C21, do mesmo cruzamento, é de 10%. A menor fertilidade observada no cruzamento da 'Montenegrina' x 'King' foi de 42%.This work was performed to estimate pollen fertility and determinate the ploidy level of 11 to 12 years old progenies of crosses of 'Montenegrina' mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten. with 'King' mandarin (C. nobilis Lour. and with 'Caipira' sweet orange (C. sinensis (L. Osb. maintained at Estação Experimental Agronômica of UFRGS, in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil. The ploidy level was determined by chromosome countings in meiosis cells and pollen fertility evaluated by staining pollen grains with propionic carmine. All evaluated hybrids are diploid and pollen fertility varied from zero to 98%. C27, a hybrid 'Montenegrina' x 'Caipira', was found is sterile, and C21, from the same cross, showed 10 % fertility. The lowest observed fertility in the progeny 'Montenegrina' x 'King' was 42 %.

Colorimetry and SERS dual-mode detection of telomerase activity: combining rapid screening with high sensitivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Zong, Shenfei; Wang, Zhuyuan; Chen, Hui; Hu, Guohua; Liu, Min; Chen, Peng; Cui, Yiping

2014-01-01

As an important biomarker and therapeutic target, telomerase has attracted considerable attention concerning its detection and monitoring. Here, we present a colorimetry and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual-mode telomerase activity detection method, which has several distinctive advantages. First, colorimetric functionality allows rapid preliminary discrimination of telomerase activity by the naked eye. Second, the employment of SERS technique results in greatly improved detection sensitivity. Third, the combination of colorimetry and SERS into one detection system can ensure highly efficacious and sensitive screening of numerous samples. Besides, the avoidance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures further guarantees fine reliability and simplicity. Generally, the presented method is realized by an "elongate and capture" procedure. To be specific, gold nanoparticles modified with Raman molecules and telomeric repeat complementary oligonucleotide are employed as the colorimetric-SERS bifunctional reporting nanotag, while magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with telomerase substrate oligonucleotide are used as the capturing substrate. Telomerase can synthesize and elongate telomeric repeats onto the capturing substrate. The elongated telomeric repeats subsequently facilitate capturing of the reporting nanotag via hybridization between telomeric repeat and its complementary strand. The captured nanotags can cause a significant difference in the color and SERS intensity of the magnetically separated sediments. Thus both the color and SERS can be used as indicators of the telomerase activity. With fast screening ability and outstanding sensitivity, we anticipate that this method would greatly promote practical application of telomerase-based early-stage cancer diagnosis.

P-Ser-HPr-a link between carbon metabolism and the virulence of some pathogenic bacteria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mijakovic, Ivan

2005-01-01

HPr kinase/phosphorylase phosphorylates HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system, at serine-46. P-Ser-HPr is the central regulator of carbon metabolism in Gram-positive bacteria, but also plays a role in virulence development of certain...... pathogens. In Listeria monocytogenes, several virulence genes, which depend on the transcription activator PrfA, are repressed by glucose, fructose, etc., in a catabolite repressor (CcpA)-independent mechanism. However, the catabolite co-repressor P-Ser-HPr was found to inhibit the activity of Prf...... is preceded by an operator site, which serves as target for the CcpA/P-Ser-HPr complex. Numerous Gram-negative pathogens also contain hprK, which is often organised in an operon with transcription regulators necessary for the development of virulence, indicating that in these organisms P-Ser-HPr also plays...

for SERS and Photocatalytic Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xue Chen

2011-01-01

Full Text Available ZnS/Si nanocables were synthesized via a simple two-step thermal evaporation method. The shape and diameter of the ZnS/Si nanocables can be controlled by adjusting the morphologies of the ZnS nanostructures (nanowire or nanoribbon obtained in the first step and the deposition time of the Si shell in the second step, respectively. Furthermore, we obtained polycrystalline Si nanotubes with different shapes and diameters by etching away the inner ZnS core. The as-prepared Si nanotubes were employed as SERS-active substrates, which exhibited a high sensitivity for the detection of R6G. The Si nanotubes also showed effective photocatalytic activity on the decomposition of R6G under the irradiation of visible light.

Enhanced Self-Organized Dewetting of Ultrathin Polymer Blend Film for Large-Area Fabrication of SERS Substrate.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Huanhuan; Xu, Lin; Xu, Yabo; Huang, Gang; Zhao, Xueyu; Lai, Yuqing; Shi, Tongfei

2016-12-06

We study the enhanced dewetting of ultrathin Polystyrene (PS)/Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend films in a mixed solution, and reveal the dewetting can act as a simple and effective method to fabricate large-area surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. A bilayer structure consisting of under PMMA layer and upper PS layer forms due to vertical phase separation of immiscible PS/PMMA during the spin-coating process. The thicker layer of the bilayer structure dominates the dewetting structures of PS/PMMA blend films. The diameter and diameter distribution of droplets, and the average separation spacing between the droplets can be precisely controlled via the change of blend ratio and film thickness. The dewetting structure of 8 nm PS/PMMA (1:1 wt%) blend film is proved to successfully fabricate large-area (3.5 cm × 3.5 cm) universal SERS substrate via deposited a silver layer on the dewetting structure. The SERS substrate shows good SERS-signal reproducibility (RSD dewetting of polymer blend films broadens the application of dewetting of polymer films, especially in the nanotechnology, and may open a new approach for the fabrication of large-area SERS substrate to promote the application of SERS substrate in the rapid sensitive detection of trace molecules.

Facile fabrication of Ag dendrite-integrated anodic aluminum oxide membrane as effective three-dimensional SERS substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Cong-yun; Lu, Ya; Zhao, Bin; Hao, Yao-wu; Liu, Ya-qing

2016-07-01

A novel surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrate has been successfully developed, where Ag-dendrites are assembled on the surface and embedded in the channels of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane, via electrodeposition in AgNO3/PVP aqueous system. Reaction conditions were systematically investigated to attain the best Raman enhancement. The growth mechanism of Ag dendritic nanostructures has been proposed. The Ag dendrite-integrated AAO membrane with unique hierarchical structures exhibits high SERS activity for detecting rhodamine 6G with a detection limit as low as 1 × 10-11 M. Furthermore, the three-dimensional (3D) substrates display a good reproducibility with the average intensity variations at the major Raman peak less than 12%. Most importantly, the 3D SERS substrates without any surface modification show an outstanding SERS response for the molecules with weak affinity for noble metal surfaces. The potential application for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated with fluoranthene as Raman target molecule and a sensitive SERS detection with a limit down to 10-8 M was reached. The 3D SERS-active substrate shows promising potential for rapid detection of trace organic pollutants even weak affinity molecules in the environment.

Características bio-ecológicas en poblaciones de lombrices (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae de una sabana natural y una protegida en los llanos centrales de Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Hernández

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Las lombrices de tierra tienen un papel importante en el ciclado de nutrientes y el mantenimiento de la fertilidad de los suelos. En este estudio se empleo el método de extracción manual para determinar la densidad y la biomasa de las lombrices de tierra en diferentes profundidades y en diferentes estaciones, seleccionando al azar cinco monolitos de 25cm2x30cm, ubicados en un área de 90x90m en una Sabana Protegida (SP y una Sabana Natural Intervenida (SNI. Adicionalmente, se estimó la densidad de los capullos, se analizaron las clases de etapas de desarrollo y se clasificaron los individuos en categorías ecológicas. Se estimó la humedad del suelo, la capacidad de campo, la temperatura, la densidad aparente y la textura del suelo. La SP presentó mejores condiciones físicas en el suelo que la SNI, mientras que la actividad de las lombrices de tierra estuvo limitada a los meses de lluvia y se observó un patrón de migración estacional en el perfil del suelo. En la SNI sólo se observó presencia de individuos en agosto y no se encontró diferencia significativa en sus biomasas con la SP. Los sistemas estuvieron dominados por individuos jóvenes con una categoría ecológica de tipo endo-anécica pertenecientes a la familia

Aprendendo a ser psicoterapeuta

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Elizabeth Amelio Faleiros

Full Text Available Este estudo investiga, na perspectiva de Jacob Levy Moreno, a concepção que alunos de Psicologia têm sobre o que é ser psicoterapeuta, quais elementos são necessários para o desenvolvimento dessa tarefa e os fatores impeditivos para realizá-la. Propõe formas de soluções para o desempenho daquela função, favorecendo a reflexão sobre a importância dessa tarefa e a responsabilidade do profissional junto ao paciente. A metodologia utilizada é a qualitativa, pois esta permite abordar dimensões da subjetividade dos sujeitos. Os resultados revelam que os alunos possuem em sua concepção os alicerces básicos, cujos indicadores são apontados por Moreno e por outros autores, percebem os requisitos básicos que constituem a essência do papel de terapeuta, evidenciam críticas realistas sobre os fatores limitadores e sugerem ações pedagógicas para minimizá-los.

The application of Silver nanoparticle based SERS in diagnosing thyroid tissue

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang Zufang; Chen Rong; Chen Guannan; Lin Duo; Xi Gangqin; Chen Yongjian; Lin Hongxin; Lei Jinping [Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007 (China); Li Zuanfang, E-mail: chenr@fjnu.edu.cn [Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108 (China)

2011-01-01

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is proved to be a powerful analytical tool for investigation of biological tissue. In this study, SERS based on Ag nanoparticles was used to investigate the normal and cancerous thyroid tissue. Preliminary results indicated that Raman peaks and the spectra profile from both normal and cancerous tissues showed a basic similarity, obvious differences are that, first, Raman peaks 563cm{sup -1}, 1449cm{sup -1} and 1587cm{sup -1} in cancerous tissue decreased obviously compared with the normal thyroid tissue. Besides, Raman peaks 1004cm{sup -1} and 1128cm{sup -1} might be specific peaks for normal thyroid tissue, whereas 1294cm{sup -1} might attribute to specific peak for cancerous thyroid tissue. In addition, some peaks in normal thyroid tissue appeared to have shifted in cancerous tissue. Intensity ratio of 656cm{sup -1} vs. 725cm{sup -1} in normal tissue are significantly different from cancerous tissue (P<0.005), and it can be a reference for spectroscopic diagnostics of thyroid tissue. This study demonstrates that SERS can be used to monitor the changes at molecular level as well as a complementary tool in thyroid histopathology.

"Destinado de papel de impresión láser por medio magnético-mecánico".

OpenAIRE

Ramírez Valdovinos, Enrique

2011-01-01

El equilibrio ecológico y ambiental ha llegado a puntos críticos, causando consecuencias graves e irreversibles a nuestro entorno natural, debido al desarrollo industrial por parte de las grandes potencias mundiales, países en vías de desarrollo e incluso países del tercer mundo. La presente investigación, propone el uso de un nuevo equipo que genera fuerzas magnéticas-mecánicas para el destintado de la pulpa para la fabricación de papel, evitando con este equipo el uso de agentes químicos. E...

Sodium Chloride Crystal-Induced SERS Platform for Controlled Highly Sensitive Detection of Illicit Drugs.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Borong; Li, Pan; Zhou, Binbin; Tang, Xianghu; Li, Shaofei; Yang, Liangbao

2018-04-03

A sodium chloride crystal-driven spontaneous 'hot spot' structure was demonstrated as a SERS-active platform, to get reproducible SERS signals, and eliminate the need for mapping large areas, in comparison with solution phase testing. During the process of solvent evaporation, the crystals produced induced silver aggregates to assemble around themselves. The micro-scale crystals can also act as a template to obtain an optical position, such that the assembled hot area is conveniently located during SERS measurements. More importantly, the chloride ions added in colloids can also replace the citrate and on the surface of the silver sol, and further decrease the background interference. High quality SERS spectra from heroin, methamphetamine (MAMP), and cocaine have been obtained on the crystal-driven hot spot structure with high sensitivity and credible reproducibility. This approach can not only bring the nanoparticles to form plasmonic hot spots in a controlled way, and thus provide high sensitivity, but also potentially be explored as an active substrate for label-free detection of other illicit drugs or additives. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Progress in the Development of SERS-Active Substrates Based on Metal-Coated Porous Silicon.

Science.gov (United States)

Bandarenka, Hanna V; Girel, Kseniya V; Zavatski, Sergey A; Panarin, Andrei; Terekhov, Sergei N

2018-05-21

The present work gives an overview of the developments in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with metal-coated porous silicon used as an active substrate. We focused this review on the research referenced to SERS-active materials based on porous silicon, beginning from the patent application in 2002 and enclosing the studies of this year. Porous silicon and metal deposition technologies are discussed. Since the earliest studies, a number of fundamentally different plasmonic nanostructures including metallic dendrites, quasi-ordered arrays of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), and metallic nanovoids have been grown on porous silicon, defined by the morphology of this host material. SERS-active substrates based on porous silicon have been found to combine a high and well-reproducible signal level, storage stability, cost-effective technology and handy use. They make it possible to identify and study many compounds including biomolecules with a detection limit varying from milli- to femtomolar concentrations. The progress reviewed here demonstrates the great prospects for the extensive use of the metal-coated porous silicon for bioanalysis by SERS-spectroscopy.

Progress in the Development of SERS-Active Substrates Based on Metal-Coated Porous Silicon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hanna V. Bandarenka

2018-05-01

Full Text Available The present work gives an overview of the developments in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS with metal-coated porous silicon used as an active substrate. We focused this review on the research referenced to SERS-active materials based on porous silicon, beginning from the patent application in 2002 and enclosing the studies of this year. Porous silicon and metal deposition technologies are discussed. Since the earliest studies, a number of fundamentally different plasmonic nanostructures including metallic dendrites, quasi-ordered arrays of metallic nanoparticles (NPs, and metallic nanovoids have been grown on porous silicon, defined by the morphology of this host material. SERS-active substrates based on porous silicon have been found to combine a high and well-reproducible signal level, storage stability, cost-effective technology and handy use. They make it possible to identify and study many compounds including biomolecules with a detection limit varying from milli- to femtomolar concentrations. The progress reviewed here demonstrates the great prospects for the extensive use of the metal-coated porous silicon for bioanalysis by SERS-spectroscopy.

O ser humano da sociedade capitalista na concepção de Erich Fromm

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Edmilson Ferreira Marques

2010-07-01

Full Text Available

A proposta deste texto é buscar na psicanálise pensada e desenvolvida por Erich Fromm elementos para se pensar o ser humano da sociedade capitalista. Erich Fromm, dentre a maioria dos psicanalistas existentes, desde Freud, procurou desenvolver suas pesquisas e reflexões a partir da “psicanálise humanista”, oferecendo, assim, recursos heurísticos fundamentais para se pensar a vida na sociedade. Nesse sentido, propomos analisar primeiramente o seu método de análise, a partir do qual acreditamos ser fundamental para compreender o procedimento teórico/metodológico que utilizava para pensar os temas por ele abordados, e, nesse sentido, encontrar o caminho a ser percorrido na busca em seu pensamento da seguinte questão: como abordar a partir de seu ponto de vista, o ser humano da sociedade capitalista? Enfim, propomos uma avaliação da própria teoria de Fromm, apontando suas principais contribuições.

Macroinvertebrados bentónicos como indicadores de la calidad de agua en la microcuenca San Alberto, Oxapampa, Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefany Salcedo Gustavson

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar la biodiversidad de macroinvertebrados y la calidad ecológica de la microcuenca San Alberto (provincia de Oxapampa, Pasco de abril a julio de 2013. Métodos: El muestreo fue realizado en tres zonas de la microcuenca San Alberto (cuenca alta, media y baja. En los tres sitios fueron colectados macroinvertebrados bentónicos en piedra y arena. Luego se estimaron: el índice biótico andino (IBA, de hábitat fluvial (IHF, de calidad de vegetación de ribera andina (QBRAnd y de estado ecológico (ECOSTRIAND. Se evaluaron parámetros fisicoquímicos, nutrientes y metales en el agua. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 123 taxones de 47 familias (101 taxones en la cuenca alta, 77 en la cuenca media y 55 en la cuenca baja. La mayor abundancia de macroinvertebrados se presentó en la cuenca media. El IBA resultó ser de “muy buena” calidad para la cuenca alta, media y baja, pero al combinarse este índice con el QBR-And, para elaborar el Índice ECOSTRIAND, se observó el estado ecológico de las cuencas alta y media fueron de “muy buena” calidad y de la cuenca baja fue “regular”. El método de muestreo de limpieza de piedras fue el que permitió colectar la mayor cantidad de taxones. Las mejores condiciones de hábitat fluvial, de vegetación ribereña y de estado ecológico, tras la aplicación de los índices IHF, QBR-And y ECOSTRIAND, se encuentran en la cuenca alta. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que la diferencia de calidad de hábitat ribereño y fluvial así como de conductividad, sólidos disueltos y nitratos influyen negativamente sobre la calidad del agua, y ésta, sobre la comunidad de macroinvertebrados. Las familias reportadas como sensibles a la contaminación (Leptophlebiidae, Oligoneuriidae, Perlidae, Anomalopsychidae, Calamoceratidae, Helicopsychidae, Odontoceridae, Blephariceridae mostraron ser bioindicadores de calidad de agua para la microcuenca.

Acerca de la doctrina de la indestructibilidad de nuestro verdadero ser por la muerte

OpenAIRE

Schopenhauer, Arthur

2010-01-01

"Acerca de la doctrina de la indestructibilidad de nuestro verdadero ser por la muerte" es un escrito complementario del famoso capítulo 41 del Tomo II de El mundo como voluntad y representación, que lleva el paradójico título: "Sobre la muerte y su relación con la indestructibilidad de nuestro ser en sí" . El título es paradójico porque Schopenhauer habla de "nuestro ser en sí" y no parece fácilmente concebible la adscripción del posesivo"nuestro" a lo que"es en sí", o sea, a lo que existe i...

Metal Nanoparticles Deposited on Porous Silicon Templates as Novel Substrates for SERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lara Mikac

2015-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper, results on preparation of stable and uniform SERS solid substrates using macroporous silicon (pSi with deposited silver and gold are presented. Macroporous silicon is produced by anodisation of p-type silicon in hydrofluoric acid. The as prepared pSi is then used as a template for Ag and Au depositions. The noble metals were deposited in three different ways: by immersion in silver nitrate solution, by drop-casting silver colloidal solution and by pulsed laser ablation (PLA. Substrates obtained by different deposition processes were evaluated for SERS efficiency using methylene blue (MB and rhodamine 6G (R6G at 514.5, 633 and 785 nm. Using 514.5 nm excitation and R6G the limits of detection (LOD for macroporous Si samples with noble metal nanostructures obtained by immersion of pSi sample in silver nitrate solution and by applying silver colloidal solution to pSi template were 10–9 M and 10–8 M respectively. Using 633 nm laser and MB the most noticeable SERS activity gave pSi samples ablated with 30000 and 45000 laser pulses where the LODs of 10–10 M were obtained. The detection limit of 10–10 M was also reached for 4 mA cm–2-15 min pSi sample, silver ablated with 30000 pulses. Macroporous silicon proved to be a good base for the preparation of SERS substrates.

Label-free direct surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of nucleic acids (Conference Presentation)

Science.gov (United States)

Guerrini, Luca; Morla-Folch, Judit; Gisbert-Quilis, Patricia; Xie, Hainan; Alvarez-Puebla, Ramon

2016-03-01

Recently, plasmonic-based biosensing has experienced an unprecedented level of attention, with a particular focus on the nucleic acid detection, offering efficient solutions to engineer simple, fast, highly sensitive sensing platforms while overcoming important limitations of PCR and microarray techniques. In the broad field of plasmonics, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has arisen as a powerful analytical tool for detection and structural characterization of biomolecules. Today applications of SERS to nucleic acid analysis largely rely on indirect strategies, which have been demonstrated very effective for pure sensing purposes but completely dismiss the exquisite structural information provided by the direct acquisition of the biomolecular vibrational fingerprint. Contrarily, direct label-free SERS of nucleic acid shows an outstanding potential in terms of chemical-specific information which, however, remained largely unexpressed mainly because of the inherent poor spectral reproducibility and/or limited sensitivity. To address these limitations, we developed a fast and affordable high-throughput screening direct SERS method for gaining detailed genomic information on nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and for the characterization and quantitative recognition of DNA interactions with exogenous agents. The simple strategy relies on the electrostatic adhesion of DNA/RNA onto positively-charged silver colloids that promotes the nanoparticle aggregation into stable clusters yielding intense and reproducible SERS spectra at picogram level (i.e. the analysis can be performed without the necessity of amplification steps thus providing realistic direct information of the nucleic acid in its native state). We anticipate this method to gain a vast impact and set of applications in different fields, including medical diagnostics, genomic screening, drug discovery, forensic science and even molecular electronics.

Derivatization reaction-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detection of trace acetone.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Ying; Chen, Zhuo; Zheng, Chengbin; Lee, Yong-Ill; Hou, Xiandeng; Wu, Li; Tian, Yunfei

2016-08-01

A facile method was developed for determination of trace volatile acetone by coupling a derivatization reaction to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). With iodide modified Ag nanoparticles (Ag IMNPs) as the SERS substrate, acetone without obvious Raman signal could be converted to SERS-sensitive species via a chemical derivatization reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). In addition, acetone can be effectively separated from liquid phase with a purge-sampling device and then any serious interference from sample matrices can be significantly reduced. The optimal conditions for the derivatization reaction and the SERS analysis were investigated in detail, and the selectivity and reproducibility of this method were also evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for acetone was 5mgL(-1) or 0.09mM (3σ). The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 80mgL(-1) acetone (n=9) was 1.7%. This method was successfully used for the determination of acetone in artificial urine and human urine samples with spiked recoveries ranging from 92% to 110%. The present method is convenient, sensitive, selective, reliable and suitable for analysis of trace acetone, and it could have a promising clinical application in early diabetes diagnosis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DA DOMINAÇÃO COLONIAL À COLONIALIDADE DO SABER: EFEITOS DO DETERMINISMO ECOLÓGICO DUAL NO BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Almeida Loiola

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo estabelece reflexões acerca dos efeitos do determinismo ecológico dual sobre a formação social brasileira. Realizada a partir de fontes bibliográficas, a pesquisa funda-se no olhar crítico do pensamento pós-colonial, na semiosis colonial e na perspectiva da interação sociedade-natureza da historia ambiental, a fim de desconstruir os signos de dominação disseminados na representação dual da natureza no Brasil. Desde o período colonial a representação de natureza ocorreu numa perspectiva dual: paraíso provedor de riquezas, e/ou fator limitante à sociedade; ambas representações tributárias do determinismo ecológico, fundado, sobretudo, na ideia aristotélica dos trópicos como fator limitante às sociedades e na Teoria do degeneracionismo. Esse dualismo originou-se a partir da visão utilitarista e externalizada da relação sociedade-natureza, durante o processo de dominação colonial. Influenciou a construção do “ser brasileiro”, já que as identidades do povo brasileiro estiveram associadas a noção de selvagem, florestas, meio ecológico e riquezas naturais, operando no modo como o brasileiro se vê, e é visto. Os resultados expõem que, se antes os signos da dominação colonial travestidos de “destino ecológico” eram externos, no presente encontram-se internalizados na mídia, literatura, ciência e na política, oferecendo barreira mental para a identificação das potencialidades e limites do meio ecológico, bem como o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade com elevada sustentabilidade.

;Prog' rarti'me"

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Endorsed by every country of the world, the Global AIDS ... work is not intended to control the activities of NGOs-simply to ... The balance between cooperation and maintaining indepen- ... future illness and death: life choices about sexuality, marriage or ... the United States of America and many European countries. In.

Quantification of Protein Biomarker Using SERS Nano-Stress Sensing with Peak Intensity Ratiometry

Science.gov (United States)

Goh, Douglas; Kong, Kien Voon; Jayakumar, Perumal; Gong, Tianxun; Dinish, U. S.; Olivo, Malini

We report a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) ratiometry method based on peak intensity coupled in a nano-stress sensing platform to detect and quantify biological molecules. Herein, we employed an antibody-conjugated p-aminothiophenol (ATP) functionalized on a bimetallic-film-over-nanosphere (BMFON) substrate as a sensitive SERS platform to detect human haptoglobin (Hp) protein, which is an acute phase protein and a biomarker for various cancers. Correlation between change in the ATP spectral characteristics and concentration of Hp protein was established by examining the peak intensity ratio at 1572cm-1 and 1592cm-1 that reflects the degree of stress experienced by the aromatic ring of ATP during Hp protein-antibody interaction. Development of this platform shows the potential in developing a low-cost and sensitive SERS sensor for the pre-screening of various biomarkers.

Fe2O3-Au hybrid nanoparticles for sensing applications via sers analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murph, Simona Hunyadi; Searles, Emily

2017-01-01

Nanoparticles with large amounts of surface area and unique characteristics that are distinct from their bulk material provide an interesting application in the enhancement of inelastic scattering signal. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) strives to increase the Raman scattering effect when chemical species of interest are in the close proximity of metallic nnaostructures. Gold nanoparticles of various shapes have been used for sensing applications via SERS as they demonstrate the greatest effect of plasmonic behavior in the visible-near IR region of the spectrum. When coupled with other nanoparticles, namely iron oxide nanoparticles, hybrid structures with increased functionality were produced. Multifunctional iron oxide-gold hybrid nanostructures have been created via solution chemistries and investigated for analyte detection of a model analyte. By exploiting their magnetic properties, nanogaps or “hot spots” were rationally created and evaluated for SERS enhancement studies.

Combining surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)

Science.gov (United States)

Koglin, E.

A new method for preparing SERS active surfaces using silver colloidal spheres deposited on HPTLC plates, used for thin-layer chromatography, is discussed in detail. The sensitivity of these activated HPTLC plates is so high that in-situ vibrational investigations of chromatogram spots are possible at the nanogram level. The HPTLC/SERS spectra of purine, benzoic acid and 1-nitro-pyrene adsorbed on silver colloidal activated silica gel plates are measured in the nanogram region. In addition we also report in this paper on the results of a feasibility study performed to evaluate the analytical potential of micro-Raman spectroscopy (triple monochromator, multichannel detection system) in SERS/HPTLC spot characterization. It permits the acquisition of Raman spectra from HPTLC spots down to 1 μm in size or other forms of microsamples approaching the picogram level in mass.

SERS spectra of pyridine adsorbed on nickel film prepared by magnetron sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Daoyong; Ouyang, Yu; Chen, Li; Cao, Weiran; Shi, Shaohua

2011-02-01

As a repeating well and cheaper enhancement substrate, the nickel film was fabricated with magnetron sputtering coating instrument. Surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of pyridine adsorbed on this nickel film are compared with the experimental values of gaseous pyridine, the theoretical value of pyridine solution listed in other literatures and our method is better than electro-chemical etching electrode method for large scale preparation. The enhancement factor of the nickel film is calculated and the result indicates that magnetron sputtering coating technology is feasible for obtaining good SERS active surface.

Marketing verde: um olhar sobre as tensões entre greenwashing e ecopropaganda na construção do apelo ecológico na comunicação publicitária

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fred Tavares

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O século XXI vem sendo marcado por significativas mudanças nas estruturas sociais, econômicas e políticas em função da relação do homem com a causa ambiental. À vista do surgimento desses novos paradigmas, o objetivo desse trabalho é investigar o uso da comunicação como eficiente instrumento de fomento da lucratividade dentro da temática ecológico-social. A ideia é problematizar até que ponto o posicionamento “verde” nas campanhas de marketing sustentam argumentos que se correlacionam à real prática das corporações. A metodologia se sustentará na tessitura de uma fundamentação teórica acerca da construção da percepção ecológica, seguida do estudo de caso de peças publicitárias elaboradas a partir da lógica ambiental. O resultado proposto é o levantamento das práticas de greenwashing e ecopropaganda sob a ótica das empresas em paralelo à formação de um olhar crítico acerca da questão sócio-ambiental.

Elementos para la valoración integral de los recursos naturales: un puente entre la economía ambiental y la economía ecológica

OpenAIRE

RODRÍGUEZ ROMERO, PAULO CESAR; CUBILLOS GONZALEZ, ALEXANDER

2012-01-01

El predominio de las valoraciones de los recursos naturales basadas en cifras económicas ha generado una infravaloración de los beneficios reales que obtienen las sociedades de la naturaleza, causada por el desconocimiento de la complejidad de las funciones ecológicas y por ignorar la integralidad de los subsistemas que componen el ambiente. Ante tal panorama, resulta imperante encontrar puentes conceptuales entre las ciencias ambientales para llenar los vacíos en los métodos de valoración, r...

Au@Ag core/shell cuboids and dumbbells: Optical properties and SERS response

Science.gov (United States)

Khlebtsov, Boris N.; Liu, Zhonghui; Ye, Jian; Khlebtsov, Nikolai G.

2015-12-01

Recent studies have conclusively shown that the plasmonic properties of Au nanorods can be finely controlled by Ag coating. Here, we investigate the effect of asymmetric silver overgrowth of Au nanorods on their extinction and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties for colloids and self-assembled monolayers. Au@Ag core/shell cuboids and dumbbells were fabricated through a seed-mediated anisotropic growth process, in which AgCl was reduced by use of Au nanorods with narrow size and shape distribution as seeds. Upon tailoring the reaction rate, monodisperse cuboids and dumbbells were synthesized and further transformed into water-soluble powders of PEGylated nanoparticles. The extinction spectra of AuNRs were in excellent agreement with T-matrix simulations based on size and shape distributions of randomly oriented particles. The multimodal plasmonic properties of the Au@Ag cuboids and dumbbells were investigated by comparing the experimental extinction spectra with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The SERS efficiencies of the Au@Ag cuboids and dumbbells were compared in two options: (1) individual SERS enhancers in colloids and (2) self-assembled monolayers formed on a silicon wafer by drop casting of nanopowder solutions mixed with a drop of Raman reporters. By using 1,4-aminothiophenol Raman reporter molecules, the analytical SERS enhancement factor (AEF) of the colloidal dumbbells was determined to be 5.1×106, which is an order of magnitude higher than the AEF=4.0×105 for the cuboids. This difference can be explained by better fitting of the dumbbell plasmon resonance to the excitation laser wavelength. In contrast to the colloidal measurements, the AEF=5×107 of self-assembled cuboid monolayers was almost twofold higher than that for dumbbell monolayers, as determined with rhodamine 6G Raman reporters. According to TEM data and electromagnetic simulations, the better SERS response of the self-assembled cuboids is due to uniform

SERS- and Electrochemically Active 3D Plasmonic Liquid Marbles for Molecular-Level Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of Microliter Reactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Koh, Charlynn Sher Lin; Lee, Hiang Kwee; Phan-Quang, Gia Chuong; Han, Xuemei; Lee, Mian Rong; Yang, Zhe; Ling, Xing Yi

2017-07-17

Liquid marbles are emergent microreactors owing to their isolated environment and the flexibility of materials used. Plasmonic liquid marbles (PLMs) are demonstrated as the smallest spectroelectrochemical microliter-scale reactor for concurrent spectro- and electrochemical analyses. The three-dimensional Ag shell of PLMs are exploited as a bifunctional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform and working electrode for redox process modulation. The combination of SERS and electrochemistry (EC) capabilities enables in situ molecular read-out of transient electrochemical species, and elucidate the potential-dependent and multi-step reaction dynamics. The 3D configuration of our PLM-based EC-SERS system exhibits 2-fold and 10-fold superior electrochemical and SERS performance than conventional 2D platforms. The rich molecular-level electrochemical insights and excellent EC-SERS capabilities offered by our 3D spectroelectrochemical system are pertinent in charge transfer processes. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A green, reusable SERS film with high sensitivity for in-situ detection of thiram in apple juice

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Hongbao; Liu, Hai; Wu, Yiyong

2017-09-01

We report a green and reusable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) film based on PMMA/Ag NPs/graphene. By using this Raman substrate, the SERS signals of R6G were significantly enhanced reaching a minimum detectable concentration of 5 × 10-8 M, due to having lots of hot spots adhered backside to the exposed graphene. The SERS film can be used for in-situ monitoring of trace thiram in apple juice with a detection limit of 1 × 10-6 M (0.24 ppm), which is below the maximal residue limit (MRL) of 7 ppm in fruit prescribed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Furthermore, reusability studies show that the SERS film can be used repeatedly. In addition, the graphene-enhanced SERS technique shows great potential applications for the in-situ detection and identification of pesticide residues in environmental water, fruits and vegetables.

Citogenética de Calochortus barbatus (Liliaceae: Calochortoideae de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, en México, Distrito Federal Cytogenetics of Calochortus barbatus (Liliaceae: Calochortoideae of the Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Distrito Federal, Mexico

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Fernando Tapia-Pastrana

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio citogenético en células de meristemos radiculares de individuos de Calochortus barbatus de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, en México, D.F. Luego de aplicar una metodología de extendido y secado al aire se confirma un número cromosómico 2n = 4x = 36 (x = 9 y se propone por vez primera una fórmula cariotípica para la especie (14m + 22st. El cariotipo asimétrico (T.F. % = 23.13, que incluye 4 cromosomas subtelocéntricos pequeños portadores de constricciones secundarias y satélites, permite descartar la presencia de fragmentos. La longitud cromosómica total haploide (53.48 μm y el intervalo cromosómico (1.85-4.27 μm añaden datos novedosos sobre la arquitectura cromosómica. Se discute el papel de la hibridación intraespecífica y autoploidía en la conformación del cariotipo de esta especie y la necesidad de realizar estudios similares en especies estrechamente relacionadas.Meristematic root cells from seeds of individuals of Calochortus barbatus from Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Distrito Federal, Mexico were analyzed cytogenetically using a surface spreading and air-drying method. The chromosomal number, 2n = 4x = 36 (x = 9 was corroborated. The mitotic karyotype was established for the first time for this species as 14m + 22st. The asymmetric karyotype, which includes 4 small subtelocentric chromosomes bearing a secondary constriction with its corresponding satellites, allows to discard previous reports of chromosomal fragments. Total haploid chromosomal length (53.48 μm, chromosomal length range (1.85 - 4.27 μm and the asymmetry index (T.F. % = 23.13 add new information on chromosome architecture. The role of intraspecific hybridization and autoploidy in shaping the karyotype of this species and the need of performing similar analyses in related species are discussed.

The hOGG1 Ser326Cys Gene Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk in Saudi Population.

Science.gov (United States)

Alanazi, Mohammed; Pathan, Akbar Ali Khan; Shaik, Jilani P; Alhadheq, Abdullah; Khan, Zahid; Khan, Wajahatullah; Al Naeem, Abdulrahman; Parine, Narasimha Reddy

2017-07-01

The purpose of this study was to test the association between human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer in Saudi population. We have also aimed to screen the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism effect on structural and functional properties of the hOGG1 protein using in silico tools. We have analyzed four SNPs of hOGG1 gene among Saudi breast cancer patients along with healthy controls. Genotypes were screened using TaqMan SNP genotype analysis method. Experimental data was analyzed using Chi-square, t test and logistic regression analysis using SPSS software (v.16). In silco analysis was conducted using discovery studio and HOPE program. Genotypic analysis showed that hOGG1 rs1052133 (Ser326Cys) is significantly associated with breast cancer samples in Saudi population, however rs293795 (T >C), rs2072668 (C>G) and rs2075747 (G >A) did not show any association with breast cancer. The hOGG1 SNP rs1052133 (Ser326Cys) minor allele T showed a significant association with breast cancer samples (OR = 1.78, χ2 = 7.86, p = 0.02024). In silico structural analysis was carried out to compare the wild type (Ser326) and mutant (Cys326) protein structures. The structural prediction studies revealed that Ser326Cys variant may destabilize the protein structure and it may disturb the hOGG1 function. Taken together this is the first In silico study report to confirm Ser326Cys variant effect on structural and functional properties of hOGG1 gene and Ser326Cys role in breast cancer susceptibility in Saudi population.

Nuevos colorantes dispersos biodegradables

OpenAIRE

Girardi, Elena; Valldeperas Morell, José; Lis Arias, Manuel José; Navarro Viciana, Juan Antonio

2004-01-01

El desarrollo de nuevas estructuras químicas para colorantes, se dirige actualmente a la búsqueda de productos de menor impacto ecológico, manteniendo o incluso mejorando sus propiedades tintóreas y nivel de calidad. Recientemente han empezado a ser estudiadas estructuras anfifilicas, que respondiendo a las necesidades de la tecnología textil, manifiestan baja toxicidad y elevada biodegradabilidad. En este trabajo se han sintetizado colorantes dispersos conteniendo en su estructura, ade...

Influência do preço e as stratégias de comunicação visual baseadas em simbologia cultural sobre a preferência de marcas ecológicas e consumo sustentável

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Haidy Johana Moreno C.

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Rev.esc.adm.neg Esta investigación pretende establecer la influencia del precio y las estrategias de comunicación visual, basadas en simbología cultural sobre la preferencia de marcas ecológicas en la categoría de productos de aseo en la ciudad de Bogotá, buscando fomentar el consumo sostenible en los hogares. Para ello, se realizaron dos fases: un estudio de tipo descriptivo para establecer la estrategia de precio más persuasiva para el consumidor en un producto ecológico en la categoría de aseo. Posteriormente en la fase dos, se realizó un estudio experimental mediante un diseño factorial 2x2x2, donde la primera variable independiente fue comunicación visual, la segunda, el enmarcamiento ecológico y la tercera, el precio; variable que actuó como elemento de influencia utilizada en cada grupo experimental. Los participantes fueron expuestos a estímulos visuales de tipo bidimensional y tridimensional, relacionados con las estrategias de precio; los resultados muestran, que de la manera como se comunica el precio, se present una alta incidencia en la preferencia de compra, debido a que los consumidores son más perceptibles a los descuentos y a las ofertas. Otro de los hallazgos relevantes fue la estrategia de posicionamiento en marcas verdes, las cuales deben generar en los consumidores una garantía que realmente es un producto que aporta al cuidado medioambiental y para ello, se requiere de información precisa y detallada en el diseño, los empaques, los envases, la marca y demás atributos del producto; pues en definitiva, en términos publicitarios que la comunicación visual en consumo sustentable cumple una función también informativa.

Being elderly with functional dependence and their family caregivers Ser anciano con incapacidad y sus cuidadores familiares Ser idoso com incapacidade e seus cuidadores familiares

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Amanda Maria Souza de Oliveira

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To identify the authors` point of discussion on the elderly with functional dependence, correlating it with the ontological time discussed in Heidegger. METHODS: This is a bibliographic, systematic and qualitative study. Data was collected in the Scientific Electronic Library Online database. A total of 123 studies were identified, 15 studies were included considering the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Based on the semantic analysis of Bardin, the following categories of analysis were established: being caregiver for the elderly with functional dependence, being elderly with functional dependence, family dynamics. CONCLUSION: It was understood that factors related to the worldliness of these people as family relationships, support of formal and informal services, economic and social situation, among others, are part of the history of these people influencing their modes of being. Searching to understand these factors is important to promote the health of these people, thinking of the biological and existential care.OBJETIVO: Identificar el punto de discusión de los autores sobre el anciano con incapacidad funcional, correlacionando con el tiempo ontológico heideggeriano. MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo bibliográfico, sistemático y cualitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados en el banco de datos del Scientific Electronic Library Online. De un total de 123 publicaciones identificadas, fueron seleccionados 15 estudios, de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión adoptados. RESULTADOS: Con base en el análisis temático de Bardin, fueron constituídas las siguientes categorías de análisis: ser-cuidador del anciano con incapacidad, ser-anciano con incapacidad, dinámica familiar. CONCLUSIÓN: Se comprendió que los factores relacionados a a relación familiar, apoyo de los servicios formales e informales, situación económica, social, entre otras, forman parte de la historicidad de éstas influenciando su modo de ser. Es importante buscar la

The 1985 Survey of Army Recruits: Codebook for Summer 85 Active Army Survey Respondents. Volume 1

Science.gov (United States)

1986-05-01

OR PROGRAMMING TYPES ON REGULAR TV STATIONS? - NBA BASKETBALL . RAN DATA ICARD #1 COLS TLENGTHI I I__ II 0 6 [076-0771 2-1 I SAS DATASET I I POSITION...PROG:NBA BASKETBALL 340 T262 WATCH TV PROG:COLLEGE BASKETBALL 341 T263 WATCH TV PROG:NHL HOCKEY 342 T264 WATCH TV PROG:PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING 343 T265...ON REGULAR TV STATIONS? - COLLEGE BASKETBALL . RAW DATA CARD 11 COLS ILENGTH I 0-6 W-07912’ II _ _ _ I _ _ _ I _ _ I I SAS DATASET _POSITION 335 FREQ

Propuesta de cambio para el desarrollo de una organización inteligente verde de TI Bancaria, basada en redes inteligentes ecológicas, banca móvil y ética organizacional para la Banca Universal

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Carlos A. Fernández Bravo

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación presenta una propuesta de cambio para el desarrollo de una organización inteligente verde de TI Bancaria, basada en redes inteligentes ecológicas, banca móvil y ética organizacional para la Banca Universal. La metodología es de tipo exploratoria y a su vez descriptiva. Se concluye que la Banca Universal debe asegurar la participación activa del sector financiero con los gobiernos y las organizaciones no gubernamentales para desarrollar y perfeccionar las leyes y los estándares ambientales tanto en leyes nacionales como en acuerdos internacionales. Así mismo, promover el desarrollo de iniciativas voluntarias que incluyan aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos del desarrollo sostenible y que tengan por objetivo fundamental mejorar la calidad de vida. Se plantean lineamientos estratégicos que enfatizan la necesidad de una adecuada gestión de tecnología de información y comunicación, para integrar a las estrategias ecológicas, sustentadas en ética y herramientas verdes que proporcionen vida a la humanidad

Alkaline phosphatase labeled SERS active sandwich immunoassay for detection of Escherichia coli

Science.gov (United States)

Bozkurt, Akif Goktug; Buyukgoz, Guluzar Gorkem; Soforoglu, Mehmet; Tamer, Ugur; Suludere, Zekiye; Boyaci, Ismail Hakki

2018-04-01

In this study, a sandwich immunoassay method utilizing enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP) for Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection was developed using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). For this purpose, spherical magnetic gold coated core-shell nanoparticles (MNPs-Au) and rod shape gold nanoparticles (Au-NRs) were synthesized and modified for immunomagnetic separation (IMS) of E. coli from the solution. In order to specify the developed method to ALP activity, Au-NRs were labeled with this enzyme. After successful construction of the immunoassay, BCIP substrate was added to produce the SERS-active product; 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole (BCI). A good linearity (R2 = 0.992) was established between the specific SERS intensity of BCI at 600 cm- 1 and logarithmic E. coli concentration in the range of 1.7 × 101-1.7 × 106 cfu mL- 1. LOD and LOQ values were also calculated and found to be 10 cfu mL- 1 and 30 cfu mL- 1, respectively.

Valoración de impactos ecológicos por minería de oro en río Guabas, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

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Diego Esteban Gamboa García

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La minería de oro es una actividad que se ha desarrollado por siglos en diferentes territorios en el planeta. Sin embargo, la minería ha generado impactos ambientales afectando a la sociedad, debido a que comprometen la cantidad y calidad de los servicios ecosistémicos y en consecuencia, la calidad de vida de la población mundial. Para medir el nivel de afectación sobre los componentes del ambiente, se revisaron los métodos clásicos para Estudios de Impacto Ambiental (EIA para proyectos mineros y se tomó como base la matriz de Leopold desarrollada por el Servicio Geológico del Departamento del Interior de los Estados Unidos, para valorizar los impactos de actividades mineras. En esta investigación se revisaron investigaciones publicadas con las palabras clave “matriz cualitativa” y “minería de oro”, tanto en inglés como en español, desde el año 2000 al 2011, en proyectos mineros realizados en países en vía de desarrollo. Posteriormente, se extrajeron y sistematizaron, las metodologías clásicas y sus variaciones y los componentes ecológicos y actividades del proyecto comunes en los estudios. Las metodologías usadas fueron cualitativas. Adicionalmente, se desarrolló la metodología Valor del Índice Ambiental (VIA para valorizar los impactos ecológicos de la minería de oro en la cuenca del río Guabas, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se encontró que el impacto promedio de la actividad minera desarrollada en el río Guabas fue considerado severo, a diferencia del impacto global revisado en la literatura, que fue considerado como moderado, en la mayoría de los casos.

Synergistic effects of semiconductor substrate and noble metal nano-particles on SERS effect both theoretical and experimental aspects

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Chen; Liang, Pei; Tang, Lisha; Zhou, Yongfeng; Cao, Yanting; Wu, Yanxiong; Zhang, De; Dong, Qianmin; Huang, Jie; He, Peng

2018-04-01

As a means of chemical identification and analysis, Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), with the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, non-destructive, high repeatability and in situ detection etc., has important significance in the field of composition detection, environmental science, biological medicine etc. Physical model of coupling effect between different semiconductor substrates and noble metal particles were investigated by using 3D-FDTD method. Mechanism and the effects of excitation wavelength, particle spacing and semiconductor substrate types on the SERS effect were discussed. The results showed that the optimal excitation wavelengths of three noble metals of Ag, Au, Cu, were located at 510, 600 and 630 nm, respectively; SERS effect of Ag, Au, Cu increases with the decreasing of the inter distance of particles, while the distance of the NPs reaches the critical value of 3 nm, the strength of SERS effect will be greatly enhanced. For the four different types of substrate of Ge, Si, SiO2 (glass) and Al2O3, the SERS effect of Ag on SiO2 > Ge > Al2O3 > Si. For Au and Cu nanoparticles, the SERS effect of them on oxide substrate is stronger than that on non-oxide substrate. In order to verify FDTD simulations, taking silver nanoparticles as an example, and silver nanoparticles prepared by chemical method were spinning coating on the four different substrates with R6G as probe molecules. The results show that the experimental results are consistent with FDTD theoretical simulations, and the SERS enhancement effect of Ag-SiO2 substrate is best. The results of this study have important theoretical significance to explain the variations of SERS enhancement on different noble metals, which is also an important guide for the preparation of SERS substrates, especially for the microfluidics. The better Raman effect can be realized by choosing proper substrate type, particle spacing and excitation wavelength, result in expanding the depth and width

Low-cost and large-scale flexible SERS-cotton fabric as a wipe substrate for surface trace analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yanmin; Ge, Fengyan; Guang, Shanyi; Cai, Zaisheng

2018-04-01

The large-scale surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) cotton fabrics were fabricated based on traditional woven ones using a dyeing-like method of vat dyes, where silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were in-situ synthesized by 'dipping-reducing-drying' process. By controlling the concentration of AgNO3 solution, the optimal SERS cotton fabric was obtained, which had a homogeneous close packing of Ag NPs. The SERS cotton fabric was employed to detect p-Aminothiophenol (PATP). It was found that the new fabric possessed excellent reproducibility (about 20%), long-term stability (about 57 days) and high SERS sensitivity with a detected concentration as low as 10-12 M. Furthermore, owing to the excellent mechanical flexibility and good absorption ability, the SERS cotton fabric was employed to detect carbaryl on the surface of an apple by simply swabbing, which showed great potential in fast trace analysis. More importantly, this study may realize large-scale production with low cost by a traditional cotton fabric.