WorldWideScience

Sample records for echinata lam pau-brasil

  1. Estrutura de uma Floresta Tropical com Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Pau Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valderes Bento Sarnaglia Junior

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a estrutura da vegetação do componente arbóreo em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas com populações naturais de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil no município de Aracruz (ES. Foram instaladas 10 parcelas de 10 x 50 m, de modo sistemático, totalizando 0,5 ha de área amostral. Todos os indivíduos com DAP (Diâmetro à Altura do Peito  ≥10 cm foram amostrados. Amostraram-se 259 indivíduos distribuídos em 119 espécies. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram Leguminosae (22, Sapotaceae (9 e Myrtaceae (9. As espécies com os mais altos valores de importância foram Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum. A. Robyns, Caesalpinia echinata Lam. e Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott Burret. O índice de Shannon (H’ foi de 4,51 e a equabilidade (J’ foi de 0,94.  O fragmento apresenta sinais de perturbações antrópicas, porém os altos valores de diversidade e riqueza mostram a importância da conservação, assim como para a preservação de C. echinata.

  2. Enraizamento de estacas de Pau-Brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. tratadas com ácido indol butírico e ácido naftaleno acético Rooting cuttings of Pau-Brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. treated with indole butyric acid and naphthalene acetic acid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laurício Endres

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available O pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. tem grande valor cultural no Brasil e a sua propagação por sementes é dificultada pela rápida perda do poder germinativo delas. A estaquia pode ser usada para a produção de mudas de espécies florestais, principalmente quando existem algumas dificuldades de propagação por sementes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o efeito de concentrações e fontes de auxinas sobre o enraizamento de estacas de pau-brasil. Estacas com cerca de 12cm de comprimento e de um a dois pares de folhas foram tratadas na base com ácido indol butírico (AIB, ácido naftaleno acético (ANA na forma líquida ou na forma de pó nas concentrações de 0, 1.250, 2.500, 5.000, 10.000mg L-1 ou mg Kg-1, respectivamente. As estacas foram transferidas para substrato contendo areia e mantidas sob nebulização (90-95% UR. Aos 120 dias de estaquia, foram avaliados a mortalidade, a retenção foliar, a formação de calo e a percentagem de estacas enraizadas. As estacas apresentaram índices de sobrevivência de até 70%. A formação de calos não foi relacionada com a concentração de auxinas utilizadas. O maior índice de enraizamento de estacas de pau-brasil, em torno de 16%, foi resgistrada com a utilização do ácido indolbutírico (AIB e do ácido naftalenoacético (ANA na concentração 2.500mg L-1. Os altos índices de sobrevivência e os baixos índices de enraizamento sugerem que as estacas devem permanecer por mais tempo sob nebulização, a fim de induzir o seu processo de enraizamento.The 'pau-brasil' tree (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. have a high cultural value in Brazil and its seed propagation is very difficult because of its rapid losses of germination potential. Cuttings propagation has been considered as alternative method to propagate forest species that seed propagation is poor. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA and naphthalene acetic (NAA acid on

  3. Estrutura de um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica em regeneração com ocorrência de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliane Baldan Zani

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n4p75   Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a estrutura fitossociológica de um fragmento remanescente de Floresta Atlântica em regeneração no município de Aracruz-ES em uma floresta de tabuleiro com ocorrência natural de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. Foram instaladas 10 unidades amostrais (parcelas de 10 x 50m sendo amostrados todos os indivíduos com DAP≥5cm e <10cm. Ao todo foram amostrados 500 indivíduos distribuídos em 181 espécies. As famílias com maior riqueza foram Leguminosae (35, Sapotaceae (18 e Myrtaceae (14. As espécies mais importantes foram Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Eugenia tinguyensis Cambess. e Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl. O índice de Shannon (H’ foi de 4,89 e a equabilidade (J’ foi de 0,94. Essa área é um dos últimos fragmentos remanescentes com pau-brasil nativo do estado do Espírito Santo e a população dessa espécie encontra-se bem preservada no local, ocorrendo com grande frequência, enfatizando a importância da preservação de pequenos fragmentos florestais para conservação da biodiversidade.

  4. Crescimento de mudas de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., submetidas a cinco níveis de sombreamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francismar Francisco Alves Aguiar

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento de mudas de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., submetidas a cinco níveis de sombreamento. As mudas, com 18 meses de idade, foram submetidas aos níveis de 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80% de sombreamento, sob estrutura de telados pretos, tipo sombrite. Os maiores valores para altura foram obtidos em plantas cultivadas sob 20, 40 e 60% de sombreamento. Plantas sob pleno sol e sob 20% de sombreamento apresentaram maiores diâmetros do colo e menores relações entre altura e diâmetro do colo, o que revela maior equilíbrio no crescimento. O maior número de folhas foi obtido em plantas sob pleno sol. O aumento da luminosidade ocasionou maiores massas de matéria seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total, além de menores índices entre massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, o que sugere maior investimento de biomassa para as raízes. Os maiores valores do Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD foram observados em mudas cultivadas sob menores índices de sombreamento, sendo um bom indicador da qualidade das mudas.

  5. Germinação de sementes e formação de mudas de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Pau - Brasil: efeito de sombreamento Seed germination and seedling growth of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood: shading effect

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francismar Francisco Alves Aguiar

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil é a árvore nacional do Brasil, possui grande potencial ornamental, estando atualmente em perigo de extinção devido à exploração extrativista. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germinação das sementes de C. echinata e o crescimento de mudas sob condições de sombreamento. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Seção de Ornamentais do IBt/SMA, São Paulo, SP. As sementes foram coletadas de frutos maduros, de árvores-matriz no arboreto experimental de C. echinata em Mogi-Guaçu, SP. Os testes de germinação foram realizados nos anos de 1999, 2000 e 2003, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada, sendo avaliadas a porcentagem de germinação e o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE, submetidas a cinco níveis de sombreamento (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80%. Mudas de C. echinata com nove meses de idade foram submetidas aos mesmos tratamentos de sombreamento das sementes, sendo as variáveis analisadas altura da planta, diâmetro do colo e número de folhas. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e 24 plantas por parcela, totalizando 96 mudas por tratamento. Os resultados indicaram que a germinação e o IVE não sofreram influência dos níveis de sombreamento testados. O diâmetro do coleto das mudas a pleno sol, a 20 e 40% de sombreamento, não diferiram significativamente entre si, mas dos tratamentos de 60 e 80%.Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood, Brazil's national tree, has ornamental potential, and due to years of exploitation this species has been reduced on the verge of extinction. This study was aimed to evaluate seed germination and seedling growth of brazil wood under shading conditions. The experiments were conducted at the IBt/SMA Ornamental Department, São Paulo-SP. Seeds were harvested from ripe fruits, from trees of the experimental arboretum of brazilwood at Mogí-Guaçu-SP. The germination tests were carried out in 1999

  6. Temperatura, luz e substrato para germinação de sementes de Pau-Brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae Temperature, light and substrate for germination of seeds of Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Iura de Oliveira Mello

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Programas de preservação de Caesalpinia echinata, espécie considerada em risco de extinção, incluem a conservação ex situ, que poderia ser ainda mais intensificada pelo armazenamento, no longo prazo, de suas sementes. Embora já se tenha desenvolvido tecnologia suficiente para preservar a germinabilidade dessas sementes por até dois anos, ainda são insuficientes as informações acerca das condições adequadas para a germinação, mormente as referentes a temperatura, luz e substrato. Este trabalho visou avaliar os efeitos de temperaturas constantes de 10 a 45 °C em presença ou ausência de luz e o tipo (papel, areia e vermiculita e umidade do substrato sobre a germinação das sementes de pau-brasil. Concluiu-se que a semeadura deve ser realizada em rolo de papel, umedecido na relação 1:2,5 a 1:3,0 (substrato:água, em massa, e na temperatura de 25 °C, sem necessidade de luz.Preservation of the Brazilian endangered tree Caesalpinia echinata Lam. include the ex situ conservation that could be enhanced by the long term storage of its seeds. In despite of having enough technology to preserve brazilwood seed viability for at least two years, there is scarce information on the optimal conditions for germination, mainly concerning temperature, light and substrate. This research aimed to study the effects of the constant temperatures (10 to 45°C, the presence or absence of light and the moisture content of three substrates (paper, sand and vermiculite on the germination of C. echinata seeds. The results suggested that these seeds should be sowed on paper roll moistened at the ratio 1:2.5 or 1:3.0 (substrate:water, w/w at 25°C, no need for light.

  7. Efeito de Fatores Ambientais no Crescimento de Mudas de Pau-Brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam..

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francismar F.A. Aguiar

    1996-05-01

    Full Text Available Em experimento conduzido no Insituto de Botânica, em São Paulo (SP, foram observados os efeitos de condições ambientais sobre o crescimento de mudas de pau-brasil. Três níveis de luminosidade e dois de temperatura foram combinados para obter os ambientes de crescimento dessas mudas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de quatro ambientes: a casa de vegetação, com sombreamento de 50%; b pleno-sol, em ambiente aberto; c ripado, com 50% de sombreamento e d telado, com 80% de sombreamento. Em cada ambiente foram colocadas mudas de C. echinata com 17 meses de idade e, nessa época e após 12 e 24 meses, avaliaram-se a altura das plantas, o diâmetro do caule à altura do colo e o número de folhas por planta. Os resultados mostraram aumento na velocidade de crescimento de mudas sombreadas, quando o sombreamento foi de até 50%. Entretanto, as mudas sombreadas em ambiente aberto (ripado cresceram mais rapidamente em altura, não tendo o mesmo aumento na velocidade de crescimento para diâmetro do caule e para número de folhas. Já nas mudas em casa de vegetação, também sombreadas em 50%, o aumento na velocidade de crescimento foi mais equilibrado. O sombreamento de 80% mostrou-se prejudicial ao crescimento das mudas, diminuindo a velocidade de crescimento dos três parâmetros avaliados.

  8. Constituintes químicos voláteis das flores e folhas do pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata, Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rezende Claudia M.

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available The volatile constituents obtained from a static cryogenic headspace of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Leguminosae showed E-beta-ocimene as the major compound (57.2%, beside other monoterpenes, C6 derivatives like n-hexanal and (E-2-hexenal and nitrogen compounds such as indole and methyl anthranilate. From the essential oil of the leaves obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, (E-3-hexen-1-ol was identified as the major constituent while phenolic compounds were the most representative class of secondary metabolites.

  9. Maturação de frutos de Caesalpinia echinata Lam., pau-brasil Maturation of fruits of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brasil wood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francismar Francisco Alves Aguiar

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available Estudaram-se parâmetros indicativos da maturação de frutos de árvores de Caesalpinia echinata, visando determinar a melhor época de colheita para propagação. Foram utilizadas 10 plantas-matriz cultivadas em Mogi-Guaçu, SP, nas quais foram etiquetadas 250 inflorescências no pico da floração para acompanhamento da maturação. As coletas de frutos tiveram início a partir da 5ª semana após a antese, prolongando-se até a 9ª, com intervalos de sete dias. Em cada coleta, analisaram-se os parâmetros: comprimento, largura e teor de água dos frutos; teor de água das sementes (após três dias de exposição ao sol para deiscência do fruto e extração da semente; porcentagem de germinação e peso de matéria seca de frutos, sementes e plântulas. Observou-se, ainda, a coloração dos frutos como parâmetro visual de maturação das sementes. O experimento foi repetido por três anos. Os testes de germinação foram realizados em caixas Gerbox contendo vermiculita umedecida com água destilada. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em câmara regulada para 30 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por parcela, nos anos de 1991, 1992 e 1993. As leituras de germinação foram realizadas nos 4º e 8º dias após a semeadura. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que o momento ideal para coleta dos frutos de C. echinata é no estádio de pré-dispersão (entre a 8º e 9º após a antese visualizado através da coloração, quando estes mudam de verde para castanho.Several indicative parameters regarding fruit maturity of Caesalpinia echinata were studied in order to establish the ideal harvest time. Ten matrix plants were cultivated in Moji-Guaçu, SP (22°11' to 1022°18' S and 47°13' to 47°20' WG, altitude between 600m and 730m. The climate of the region is classified as Cwa. Two hundred and fifty blossoms were tagged during the the peak

  10. CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE FRUTOS, SEMENTES, PLÂNTULAS E MUDAS DE PAU-BRASIL (Caesalpinia echinataLAMARCK1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robério Anastacio Ferreira

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOEstudos relacionados à morfologia vegetal com espécies florestais nativas têm sido ampliados nos últimos anos, em face da sua importância sob os aspectos taxonômicos ou por serem de grande utilidade na identificação de frutos, sementes, plântulas e mudas, em laboratórios de análises de sementes, em viveiros de produção de mudas ou em estudos que avaliem a regeneração natural em ecossistemas florestais. Porém, diante da grande diversidade de espécies, ainda não é possível encontrar informações suficientes para subsidiar tais estudos e nem coleções em herbários para um grande número de espécies nativas. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar morfologicamente frutos, sementes, plântulas e mudas de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. – Fabaceae, Subfamília Caesalpinioideae. Foram realizadas, inicialmente, avaliações das características morfométricas e morfológicas externas e internas dos frutos e sementes. Em seguida, foram realizadas descrições do desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas e mudas. Considerando-se as análises descritivas da espécie, as informações de frutos, sementes, plântulas e mudas podem ser empregadas com segurança em trabalhos de identificação das espécies, tanto em trabalhos de laboratórios e viveiros quanto em estudos de campo sobre a ecologia dessa espécie. Especial atenção pode ser dada ao fruto legume seco, ao embrião, à germinação epígea fanerocotiledonar e à presença de acúleos nas fases jovens (plântulas e mudas, que são importantes para a identificação da espécie. Os caracteres que são comuns a outras espécies de Fabaceae, da Subfamília Caesalpinioideae, corroboram o caráter taxonômico dos aspectos morfológicos.

  11. Herança e ligação em locos isoenzimáticos de Caesalpinia echinata L. (pau-brasil. Inheritance and linkage in isozyme loci of Caesalpinia echinata L. (pau-brasil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João del GIUDICE-NETO

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta o estudo davariação isoenzimática em Caesalpinia echinata L.(pau-brasil. Onze sistemas enzimáticos (ACP,DIA, EST, G6PDH, GOT, LAP, MDH, PGI, PRX,SKDH e 6PGDH codificando dezoito locos (Acp-1,Est-3, Dia-1, G6pdh-1, Got-1, Lap-1, Mdh-1,Mdh-2, Mdh-3, Pgi-1, Pgi-2, Prx-1, Prx-2, Prx-3,Prx-4, Skdh-1, 6pgdh-1 e 6pgdh-2 foraminvestigados. Entre esses locos, Pgi-1 e Got-1foram detectados como monomórficos. Três locos(Mdh-2, G6pdh-1 e 6pgdh-1 não tiveram suaherança analisada devido à ausência de progênies deárvores heterozigotas na amostra. A herançamendeliana simples foi confirmada para dez locos(Acp-1, Dia-1, Est-3, Lap-1, Mdh-1, Mdh-3, Prx-1,Prx-3, Skdh-1 e 6pgdh-2. Três locos (Pgi-2, Prx-2e Prx-4 apresentaram desvios altamentesignificativos (P < 0,01 para a hipótese desegregação regular 1:1. As relações dedesequilíbrios de ligações foram avaliadas em 120pares de locos isoenzimáticos. Seis pares de locosapresentaram ligação: Mdh-3:Dia-1, Mdh-3:Prx-3,6pgdh-1:Pgi-2, 6pgdh-1:Prx-1, 6pgdh-2:Prx-3 ePgi-2:Prx-4.This article presents a study of isozymevariation in Caesalpinia echinata L. (brazilwood.Eleven isozyme systems (ACP, DIA, EST,G6PDH, GOT, LAP, MDH, PGI, PRX, SKDH and6PGDH codifying eighteen loci (Acp-1, Est-3,Dia-1, G6pdh-1, Got-1, Lap-1, Mdh-1, Mdh-2,Mdh-3, Pgi-1, Pgi-2, Prx-1, Prx-2, Prx-3, Prx-4,Skdh-1, 6pgdh-1 and 6pgdh-2 were investigated.Among these loci, Pgi-1 and Got-1 weremonomorphic. Three loci (Mdh-2, G6pdh-1 and6pgdh-1 were not evaluated for inheritance duethe lack of families from heterozygous mothertrees in the sampling. Mendelian inheritance wasconfirmed for ten allozyme loci (Acp-1, Dia-1,Est-3, Lap-1, Mdh-1, Mdh-3, Prx-1, Prx-3, Skdh-1,and 6pgdh-2. Three loci (Pgi-2, Prx-2 and Prx-4showed significant deviations (P < 0.01 from expectedsegregation 1:1 hypothesis. Linkage relationshipswere examined for 120 pairs of allozyme loci.Six pairs of loci showed linked: Mdh-3:Dia-1,Mdh-3:Prx-3, 6

  12. Meios de cultura, reguladores de crescimento e fontes de nitrogênio na regulação da calogênese do pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. Culture media, growth regulators and nitrogen sources in callus formation regulation of Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elias Terra Werner

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available A regulação da calogênese é o primeiro passo para a embriogênese somática indireta in vitro. Nesse sentido, foram investigados os efeitos de diferentes meios de cultura, reguladores de crescimento e fontes nitrogenadas no desenvolvimento de calos em tecidos foliares de Caesalpinia echinata (pau-brasil. Explantes foliares foram cultivados em meios de cultura MS, B5, White e WPM. Testou-se, também, o efeito dos compostos nitrogenados (NH4NO3, KNO3 e glutamina e a interação entre auxinas (2,4-D, AIA e AIB e citocininas (BAP e KIN na desdiferenciação celular indicado pela formação de calos. Os meios MS, B5 e White não foram significantemente diferentes e proporcionaram melhores resultados. Em meio MS contendo as fontes nitrogenadas 2,4 g L-1 NH4NO3 e 1,35 g L-1 glutamina + 4,11 g L-1 de KNO3 na presença de 1,0 mg L-1 2,4-D e 5,0 mg L-1 BAP ocorreu maior proliferação celular indicada pela massa fresca dos calos. As combinações dos reguladores 0,5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 5 mg L-1 BAP e 0,5 mg L-1 AIB + 5,0 mg L-1 BAP suplementado com 2,4 g L-1 NH4NO3 em meio MS estimularam o crescimento dos calos. De maneira geral, os calos apresentaram aspectos friáveis, não embriogênicos, com acúmulo de fenóis e presença de áreas meristemáticas (meristemóides.The regulation of callus formation is the first step to indirect somatic embryogenesis in vitro. Therefore, we investigated hormonal and nutrient factors on development of callus in leaf tissues of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood. Explants were cultivated in culture media MS, B5, WPM, and White. The effect of nitrogen sources (NH4NO3, KNO3 and glutamine and the interaction between auxins (2,4-D, IAA and IBA and cytokinins (BAP and KIN were also evaluated. Media MS, B5 and White were not significantly different and provided better results. MS medium containing 2.4 g L-1 NH4NO3, 1.35 g L-1 glutamine, and 4.11 g L-1 of KNO3 in the presence of 1 mg.L-1 2,4-D and 5 mg.L-1 BAP increased cellular

  13. Structure of a fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in regeneration with occurrence of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (brazil-wood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliane Baldan Zani

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the phytosociological structure of a remaining fragment of Atlantic Rainforest undergoing regeneration in the town of Aracruz-ES in a forest board with natural occurrence of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. We installed 10 sample units (plots of 10 x 50m, sampling all individuals with DBH≥5cm and <10cm. Altogether, we sampled 500 individuals distributed into 181 species. The richest families were Leguminosae (35, Sapotaceae (18, and Myrtaceae (14. The most important species were Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Eugenia tinguyensis Cambess., and Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl. The Shannon index (H’ was 4.89 and the equability (J’ was 0.94. This area is one of the last remaining fragments with brazil-wood from the state of Espirito Santo and the population of this species is well preserved at the site, it occurs very frequently, emphasizing the importance of preserving small forest fragments to conserve biodiversity.

  14. Estudo comparativo da massa específica aparente e retratibilidade da madeira de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata LAM. nativa e de reflorestamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sinval dos Santos Marques

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Entre as propriedades físicas da madeira, a massa específica aparente e a retratibilidade são características importantes na avaliação da qualidade da madeira para ampla gama de uso. A massa específica aparente, ou densidade aparente, está relacionada a uma série de outras características, principalmente àquelas relacionadas às propriedades mecânicas e anatômicas da madeira. Do mesmo modo, a retratibilidade também é importante característica, pois avalia a estabilidade dimensional das madeiras, sendo de grande importância para aplicações em que a madeira não deve apresentar contrações excessivas durante sua utilização. Com base nisso, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a massa específica aparente e a retratibilidade da madeira de pau-brasil, proveniente de áreas naturais e de reflorestamentos com 10, 15, 20, 26 e 30 anos. Tais avaliações foram realizadas segundo a metodologia preconizada pelo Método Brasileiro 26/1940 da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. Os resultados indicaram que houve variação na massa específica aparente nas diferentes idades, com os maiores valores para a madeira de 30 anos de idade, que foram próximos aos encontrados para amostras de madeira nativa. A retratibilidade volumétrica total também variou em função da idade, não apresentando grande diferença em relação à madeira proveniente de áreas naturais.

  15. Inibidores de proteases encontrados em sementes de Caesalpinia echinata (paubrasil: isolamento e caracterização do inibidor de tripsina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lúcio Garcia de Oliveira

    Full Text Available Caesalpinia echinata, o pau-brasil, é uma árvore pertencente à família das Leguminosas, sub-família Caesalpinoidae. Como já foram encontrados inibidores de proteases em sementes de outras Leguminosas, o objetivo do trabalho é purificar e caracterizar o inibidor de tripsina extraído das sementes de C. echinata. Após extração salina e precipitação por acetona, os inibidores foram purificados por cromatografia de troca iônica e filtração em gel, apresentando massas moleculares de 19,5 e 10 kDa e constante de inibição da ordem de nM.

  16. Maturation of seeds of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Ferrari Borges

    2005-11-01

    Full Text Available The present work describes changes during the maturation process of seeds of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. Individual flowers were tagged in the day of their anthesis and the pods were collected directly from the branches from 32 to 65 days after flowering (DAF. Results obtained suggested that physiological maturity of C. echinata seeds occurred ca. 60-65 DAF, immediately before shedding, when seeds had 30-40% water content.Sementes de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. têm sido consideradas como de curta longevidade. Contudo, quando lotes são submetidos à seleção prévia ao armazenamento, é possível conservar sua viabilidade por até 18 meses. Considerando a falta de informações conclusivas quanto à melhor época de colheita dessas sementes, o presente trabalho descreve as modificações que ocorrem durante o processo de maturação das sementes. Flores foram etiquetadas no dia de sua antese e os frutos foram colhidos diretamente dos ramos dos 32 aos 65 dias após a antese (DAA. Sementes dispersas naturalmente por período não superior a 24 horas também foram coletadas, sendo designadas sementes recém-dispersas. As características externas e as dimensões (comprimento, largura e espessura de frutos e sementes foram registradas. A avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi baseada no teor de água, no conteúdo de matéria seca e na germinação. Os resultados sugerem que a maturidade fisiológica das sementes de C. echinata ocorreu por volta de 60-65 DAA, imediatamente antes da deiscência, quando as sementes tinham 30-40% de água.

  17. Madeiras utilizadas na fabricação de arcos para instrumentos de corda: aspectos anatômicos Anatomical features of woods used in the manufacture of bows for stringed instruments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Veronica Angyalossy

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available A madeira de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. é mundialmente empregada na confecção de arcos para instrumentos de corda, uma vez que apresenta características únicas de ressonância, densidade, durabilidade, beleza, entre outras qualidades, que a tornam ideal para tal uso. Diferentes amostras de pau-brasil, contudo, fornecem arcos com qualidades distintas. No comércio nacional outras madeiras estão sendo empregadas na produção de arcos. Realizou-se, neste estudo, uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa de diferentes amostras de pau-brasil com o objetivo de apontar diferenças na estrutura da madeira que possam contribuir para o entendimento das causas da variação na qualidade do arco, além da análise de outras espécies objetivando determinar, do ponto de vista estrutural, semelhanças ou diferenças com o pau-brasil. Conclui-se que variações no diâmetro dos vasos, distribuição e quantidade de parênquima axial e orientação dos elementos axiais e radiais são parâmetros que devem ser considerados quando se busca determinar as causas das diferenças na qualidade dos arcos de pau-brasil. Constatou-se que arcos de boa qualidade apresentam grã linheira e textura fina. Esta última característica decorre da menor proporção de vasos cujo diâmetro é reduzido, raios homogêneos e fibras com paredes espessas e/ou muito espessas. Assim, a relação entre a estrutura e a qualidade do arco está diretamente relacionada com as dimensões, a distribuição e a proporção das células do lenho.Pernambuco wood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. has special characteristics like resonance, density, durability, and beauty; for this reason, it is considered the best material for stringed instruments bows. Besides pernambuco wood has been used around the world, some samples, and consequently some bows, are better than others. In Brazil, others woody species have been used in the manufacture of bows. In this paper some wood samples of

  18. Controle da calogênese do pau-brasil in vitro In vitro calogenesis control of pau-brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elias Terra Werner

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available A indução da calogênese é a primeira etapa para obtenção de embriões e sementes. Para o controle da calogênese de Caesalpinia echinata, foram usados discos de foliólolos do pau-brasil em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento combinados com os fitorreguladores 2,4-D (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg/L e 6-BAP (2,0 mg/L, cultivados em meio de cultura de Murashige e Skoog (1962 acrescido de sacarose (30 g/L, mioinositol (100 mg/L e ágar (7,5 g/L. Foi testado, também, o efeito de 6-BAP (0, 0,5, 1,0, 2,0, 5,0 e 10 mg/L no crescimento de ápices meristemáticos. Foliólolos juvenis cultivados com baixa concentração de 2,4-D (5 e 20 mg/L e foliólolos jovens tratados com altas concentrações de 2,4-D (50 e 100 mg/L geraram calos sem diferenças significativas entre luz e escuro. Quanto ao controle da oxidação, melhores resultados foram proporcionados pelo carvão ativado, porém inibidores da calogênese. A transferência dos calos do meio de cultura MS com altas concentrações de 2,4-D (5,0; 10,0; e 20,0 mg/L para meio sem fitorreguladores estimulou a formação de massas pró-embrionárias (MPEs. Os meios livres de fitorreguladores, 2,0 mg/L de 2,4-D e 0,5 mg/L de 2,4-D elevaram o número de calos embriogênicos e de massas pré-embrionárias. Somente em 0,5 mg/L 2,4-D se verificaram algumas estruturas semelhantes a embriões somáticos nas fases globular e codiforme.The present work dealt with the in vitro control of callogenesis of brazilwood. The induction of callogenesis is the first step to obtain embryos and seeds. In order to control the callogenesis of Caesalpinia echinata, leaf discs of brazilwood in different developmental stages were used combined with the growth regulators 2,4-D (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg/L and 6-BAP (2,0 mg/L, cultivated in the Murashige and Skoog (1962 medium supplemented with sucrose (30 g/L, myo-inositol (100 mg/L and agar (7,5 g/L. The effect of 6-BAP (0, 0,5, 1,0, 2,0, 5,0 and 10 mg/L on the growth of

  19. Morfologia foliar de indivíduos jovens e adultos de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. numa floresta semidecídua do Sul da Bahia Leaf morphology of saplings and adult individuals of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. in a semidecidual forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cristina Sanches

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae é uma espécie arbórea que ocorre naturalmente no interior da floresta e atinge os estratos superiores do dossel por meio de pequenas clareiras. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, comparar alguns aspectos da morfologia foliar entre indivíduos adultos, cujas folhas se encontravam em pleno sol e jovens no sub-bosque. O estudo foi realizado numa floresta semidecídua, localizada no Município de Jussari, Bahia. Inicialmente, foram localizados e marcados oito indivíduos adultos e oito jovens para cada adulto. Foram coletadas e analisadas oito folhas para cada adulto e três para cada jovem, em duas épocas (setembro/novembro de 2004 e abril de 2005. Em geral, as áreas das folhas, das ráquis e dos folíolos, o comprimento das ráquis, a largura das folhas, o número de pinas e a massa seca das folhas foram significativamente superiores nos indivíduos jovens, ao passo que as massas específicas das folhas e dos folíolos foram significativamente superiores nos indivíduos adultos. Tanto nos adultos quanto nos jovens, nas duas épocas de coleta foram verificadas relações altamente significativas entre a massa seca e a área das folhas. Os resultados indicaram que folhas de C. echinata apresentam características que maximizam a absorção de luz onde este recurso é limitante e, ao mesmo tempo, direcionam maior alocação de carbono para os tecidos de suporte. Tais resultados estão de acordo com o observado no estádio sucessional da espécie analisada e com a sua estratégia de ocupação dos espaços gerados pela formação de pequenas clareiras, em ambiente de mata semidecídua.Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae is a tree species that naturally regenerates in the forest understory and reaches the upper canopy through small gaps. We conducted a study with the objective of comparing some aspects of leaf morphology of adult individuals, in which the leaves were exposed to full sunlight, and saplings

  20. The representation of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood in Sixteenth-and-Seventeenth-Century Maps

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuri T. Rocha

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Brazilwood was the first product found in Terra de Santa Cruz, and the first explored by Portuguese colonization of Brazil. This study aims at the Occidental Cartography and the historical files represented by Portugal's interest on mapping the marketed product found in Brazil. There presentation of Brazilwood in maps was possible due to scientific advancements, new land discoveries, and technological improvement during the 15th century, which all have taken cartography to a whole new period, stressing Portuguese hegemony in Asia and in the New World. The goal of this research was to identify and analyze maps from 16th and 17th centuries that represented the geographical distribution of Brazilwood, and its trade. Brazilwood was represented in many maps by illumination and detailed by different cartographers. The maps and other evidence for this research were found in historical files held in both Brazil and Portugal.O pau-brasil foi o primeiro produto encontrado na Terra de Santa Cruz e o primeiro a ser explorado pela colonização portuguesa no Brasil. Este estudo enfocou a Cartografia Ocidental e os arquivos históricos que representassem o interesse de Portugal em mapear esse produto comercial encontrado no Brasil. A representação do pau-brasil nos mapas foi possível devido aos avanços científicos, aos descobrimentos de novas terras e aos avanços tecnológicos alcançados durante o século XV, os quais deram à cartografia um papel de destaque no novo período, enfatizando a hegemonia Portuguesa na Ásia e no Novo Mundo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar os mapas dos séculos XVI e XVII que representassem a distribuição geográfica do pau-brasil e seu comércio. O pau-brasil foi representado em muitos mapas por iluminuras e detalhes feitos por diferentes cartógrafos. Os mapas e outras fontes presentes nesta pesquisa foram encontrados nos arquivos históricos sediados em ambos os países, Brasil e Portugal.

  1. Estrutura do componente arbóreo de um trecho de Floresta Atlântica na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra da Capoeira Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil Phytossociological survey of the tree layer in an area of Atlantic Forest, in Área de Proteção Ambiental Serra da Capoeira Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Luna Peixoto

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA da Serra da Capoeira Grande (22º54'10"S e 43º12'27"W tem área total de 80 ha e é um dos últimos remanescentes florestais com ocorrência natural de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil no município do Rio de Janeiro. A estrutura deste importante fragmento florestal foi estudada utilizando-se o método dos quadrantes. Foram alocados 200 pontos amostrais e o critério de inclusão foi de 15 cm de circunferência do tronco a 1,30 m acima do solo. Nos 200 pontos amostrados foram encontradas 44 espécies distribuídas em 36 gêneros e 22 famílias. As famílias que apresentaram maiores valores de importância (VI foram Solanaceae (com 34,1% do VI, Leguminosae (Mimosoideae com 16,4%, Papilionoideae com 7,9% e Caesalpinioideae com 2,1%, Nyctaginaceae (13%, Anacardiaceae (6,5% e Flacourtiaceae (6,1%. As espécies com maior número de indivíduos na área apresentaram também maior VI: Metternichia princeps Mik. (com 40,4% dos indivíduos e 33,7% do VI, Pseudopiptadenia contorta (DC. G.P. Lewis & M.P. Lima (9,3 e 12,6%, Guapira hirsuta (Choisy Lundell (7,5 e 7,8%, Astronium fraxinifolium Schott ex Spreng. (5,6 e 5,7%. Caesalpinia echinata Lam. apresentou 2,4% dos indivíduos amostrados e 2,1% do VI. A distribuição diamétrica da comunidade, assim como da maioria das principais populações, apresentou grande número de indivíduos nas menores classes, decrescendo gradualmente. Este fato reflete uma abundante regeneração da maioria das espécies amostradas.The Área de Proteção Ambiental Serra da Capoeira Grande is a 80 ha site and one of the last forest remnants in Rio de Janeiro municipality where Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (brazilwood occurs naturally. Trees were sampled according to the point-centered-quarter method. The inclusion criteria was PBH ³ 15 cm and a total of 200 points were surveyed. 44 species were identified, belonging to 36 genera and 22 botanical families The families with the higher

  2. Protease Inhibitors Extracted from Caesalpinia echinata Lam. Affect Kinin Release during Lung Inflammation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ilana Cruz-Silva

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Inflammation is an essential process in many pulmonary diseases in which kinins are generated by protease action on kininogen, a phenomenon that is blocked by protease inhibitors. We evaluated kinin release in an in vivo lung inflammation model in rats, in the presence or absence of CeKI (C. echinata kallikrein inhibitor, a plasma kallikrein, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3 inhibitor, and rCeEI (recombinant C. echinata elastase inhibitor, which inhibits these proteases and also neutrophil elastase. Wistar rats were intravenously treated with buffer (negative control or inhibitors and, subsequently, lipopolysaccharide was injected into their lungs. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF, and lung tissue were collected. In plasma, kinin release was higher in the LPS-treated animals in comparison to CeKI or rCeEI groups. rCeEI-treated animals presented less kinin than CeKI-treated group. Our data suggest that kinins play a pivotal role in lung inflammation and may be generated by different enzymes; however, neutrophil elastase seems to be the most important in the lung tissue context. These results open perspectives for a better understanding of biological process where neutrophil enzymes participate and indicate these plant inhibitors and their recombinant correlates for therapeutic trials involving pulmonary diseases.

  3. Biochemical Aspects of a Serine Protease from Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood Seeds: A Potential Tool to Access the Mobilization of Seed Storage Proteins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Priscila Praxedes-Garcia

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Several proteins have been isolated from seeds of leguminous, but this is the first report that a protease was obtained from seeds of Caesalpinia echinata Lam., a tree belonging to the Fabaceae family. This enzyme was purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatographies and gel filtration. This 61-kDa serine protease (CeSP hydrolyses H-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (Km 55.7 μM in an optimum pH of 7.1, and this activity is effectively retained until 50∘C. CeSP remained stable in the presence of kosmotropic anions (PO4 3−, SO4 2−, and CH3COO− or chaotropic cations (K+ and Na+. It is strongly inhibited by TLCK, a serine protease inhibitor, but not by E-64, EDTA or pepstatin A. The characteristics of the purified enzyme allowed us to classify it as a serine protease. The role of CeSP in the seeds cannot be assigned yet but is possible to infer that it is involved in the mobilization of seed storage proteins.

  4. Bioactive endophytic fungi isolated from Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood and identification of beauvericin as a trypanocidal metabolite from Fusarium sp.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda Fraga Campos

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Aiming to identify new sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, we isolated 82 endophytic fungi from stems and barks of the native Brazilian tree Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Fabaceae. We tested their ethyl acetate extracts in several in vitro assays. The organic extracts from three isolates showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC 32-64 μg/mL]. One isolate inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 64 μg/mL and two isolates inhibited the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca (MIC 64 μg/mL, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (MIC 64-128 μg/mL. Fourteen extracts at a concentration of 20 μg/mL showed antitumour activities against human breast cancer and human renal cancer cells, while two isolates showed anti-tumour activities against human melanoma cancer cells. Six extracts were able to reduce the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating some degree of selective toxicity. Four isolates were able to inhibit Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis and one isolate inhibited Trypanosoma cruzi by at least 40% at 20 μg/mL. The trypanocidal extract obtained from Fusarium sp. [KF611679] culture was subjected to bioguided fractionation, which revealed beauvericin as the compound responsible for the observed toxicity of Fusarium sp. to T. cruzi. This depsipeptide showed a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.9 μg/mL (2.43 μM in a T. cruzi cellular culture assay.

  5. CONSIDERATIONS ON ORDER IN COLONIES: AS LEGISLATION IN THE EXPLORATION OF PAU-BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Isabel de Siqueira

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Disciplinar la explotación desordenada de la madera pau-brasil y evitar el extravío era la parte que cabía a la Corona portuguesa porque la salida da madera, sin control, causaba daños a la Hacienda Real y al comercio. El tiempo, el de los Filipes de España: dos Estados, dos Coronas y un solo rey. Los caminos de este supuesto orden estaban representados por instituciones para garantir la explotación. En medio del camino había una sociedad que dependía de la estructura de la explotación de la tierra y que muchas veces reaccionaba porque no recibía la parte que le cabía. Privilegiamos un abordaje temático aunque el corte temporal abarque a períodos específicos y debido al alcance del asunto, el trabajo va a circunscribirse al proceso de producción legislativa y no a su recepción en la sociedad en cuestión. Por tanto, nuestra propuesta es analizar estos documentos para reconstruir en la Colonia el camino del orden, que fue la explotación, dimensión del desorden

  6. Enraizamento de estacas de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. em hidroponia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Valiengo Valeri

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985731O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a necessidade e a concentração apropriada de ácido indolbutírico (AIB no enraizamento de estacas de Caesalpinia echinata em sistema de hidroponia, para a produção de mudas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP Jaboticabal, SP. O material vegetal foi constituído de 160 estacas caulinares de 11 a 12 cm de comprimento com dois pares de folhas obtidas de mudas jovens produzidas partindo de sementes. As bases das estacas foram tratadas pelo método de imersão lenta em solução de etanol a 5% durante 14 horas contendo 0, 100, 200 e 400 mg L-1 de AIB e via imersão rápida em solução de etanol a 50% durante 5 segundos contendo 0, 1000, 3000 e 5000 mg L-1 de AIB. As estacas permaneceram no sistema de hidroponia por 90 dias e 90 dias adicionais em sacos de polietileno contendo Plantmax® como substrato, sendo mantidas sob nebulização intermitente. Após 90 e 180 dias de enraizamento, foram avaliados a porcentagem de sobrevivência e de estacas enraizadas, o número e o comprimento de raízes adventícias. As estacas devem ser tratadas com ácido indolbutírico na concentração de 100 mg L-1 por 14 horas e colocadas para enraizar em sistema de hidroponia.

  7. Desempenho do Pinus echinata na Região Central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Renato Schneider

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Neste trabalho, estudou-se o crescimento e a produção em povoamento de Pinus echinata Mill. O povoamento foi instalado em 1996 em espaçamento de 3,0 x 2,0 metros, no município de Boqueirão do Leão, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para o estudo, foram instaladas seis unidades amostrais, onde foram medidas e abatidas seis árvores de diâmetro médio e de altura dominante para análise de tronco. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a espécie apresenta bom potencial de crescimento em diâmetro, altura e volume. Aos 12 anos de idade, o povoamento apresentou um diâmetro médio de 18,4 cm, altura média de 12,6 m, altura dominante de 14,1 m, área basal de 42,3 m2.ha-1, volume total com casca de 248,2 m3.ha-1 e um incremento médio anual de 20,7 m3.ha-1.ano-1. Tais resultados iniciais indicam que a espécie apresenta potencial de crescimento e produção, podendo ser indicada para cultivo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

  8. Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. S. Garcia

    Full Text Available Caesalpinia echinata seeds stored in laboratory environmental conditions lose their viability in one month whilst under low temperatures germination is maintained for 18 months of storage. These seeds are tolerant to desiccation, keeping their viability up to 0.08 gH2O.gDW-1. Since soluble carbohydrates are believed to be involved with desiccation tolerance and seed storability, the aim of this work is to analyze the content and composition of soluble carbohydrates in C. echinata seeds during storage in paper bags (PB and glass flasks (GF at laboratory room (RT and cool (CT temperatures. In freshly harvested seeds, total soluble carbohydrates comprised approximately 10% of the dry weight, decreasing to ca. 8% over 18 months of storage at RT. In seeds stored at CT, sugars varied differently decreasing initially and being restored at the end of the analysis period. The main neutral sugars in seeds from all treatments were sucrose, fructose and glucose. Raffinose and stachyose were present as traces. Free myo-inositol and other cyclitols were also detected. The main tendency observed was the variation in levels of both glucose and fructose in relation to sucrose, the highest levels of monosaccharides which were found in seeds stored at CT. The values of glucose and fructose were practically constant in seeds stored in paper bags for 18 months at CT, decreasing consistently in the other treatments, mainly at RT. Sucrose contents remained relatively stable. Changes in soluble sugars during storage suggest that the loss of germinability of seeds of C. echinata could be associated with low levels of glucose and fructose in relation to sucrose.

  9. Lam lam o lam (6/4 e)

    OpenAIRE

    2011-01-01

    Laulun sanat: Lam, lam o lam, Så undersan, Förtryckt, försökt; Dock likväl älskadt högt! Mitt hjerta är ej mitt, Men ditt: Din lön, Guds Lam, För hån och skam, För sårens flod Och för ditt kors och blod.

  10. Caesalpinia echinata Lam. - BRAZILWOOD: THERMAL BEHAVIOR, STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND RESISTANCE TO BIODETERIORATION IN STATIC SYSTEMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Pinto Pinheiro

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Wood is the best-known biological material used as a raw material since the dawn of mankind until present days. As a natural and renewable composite, its lifetime is limited by the degradation of its basic elements. This degradation can be caused by chemical reactions or by biological agents capable of accelerating the process of deterioration. In this work, the wear, thermal, and micro-structural characteristics, as also the bio-degradation behavior in static systems, of the wood species Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata were studied under laboratory conditions in order to use these woods in design. The results show that Brazilwood has a good visual performance after abrasion test, since it has not shown any representative roughness increase. In addition, Brazilwood has high level of crystallinity of, approximately, 68% and was almost insensitive to fungi attack, forming only 5.3 x 103 CFU/mL. Besides, its texture did not change due to exposure to water or sweat.

  11. Reserve carbohydrates and lipids from the seeds of four tropical tree species with different sensitivity to desiccation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Iura de Oliveira Mello

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Considering the importance of water content for the conservation and storage of seeds, and the involvement of soluble carbohydrates and lipids for embryo development, a comparative study was carried out among the seeds of Inga vera (ingá, Eugenia uniflora (pitanga, both classified as recalcitrant, and Caesalpinia echinata (brazilwood and Erythrina speciosa (mulungu, considered as orthodox seeds. Low concentrations of cyclitols (0.3-0.5%, raffinose family oligosaccharides (ca. 0.05% and unsaturated fatty acids (0-19% were found in the seeds of ingá and pitanga, while larger amounts of cyclitols (2-3% and raffinose (4.6-13% were found in brazilwood and mulungu, respectively. These results, in addition to higher proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (53-71% in orthodox seeds, suggested that sugars and lipids played important role in water movement, protecting the embryo cell membranes against injuries during dehydration.Os compostos de reserva das sementes, além de suprirem energia para o desenvolvimento embrionário, desempenham importantes funções relacionadas à proteção celular contra secagem e congelamento. Considerando a importância do teor de água para a conservação e para o armazenamento de sementes de espécies arbóreas e o envolvimento dos carboidratos solúveis e de lipídios nesses processos, foi realizada uma análise comparativa desses compostos em sementes de Inga vera (ingá e Eugenia uniflora (pitanga, consideradas recalcitrantes, e em Caesalpinia echinata (pau-brasil e Erythrina speciosa (mulungu, com comportamento ortodoxo. Baixas concentrações de ciclitóis (0,3-0,5%, de oligossacarídeos da série da rafinose (0,05% e de ácidos graxos insaturados (0-19% foram encontradas em sementes de ingá e pitanga, enquanto maiores quantidades de ciclitóis (2-3% e de rafinose (4,6-13% foram encontradas nas sementes de pau-brasil e mulungu, respectivamente. Estes resultados, juntamente com as altas proporções de

  12. Chroococcales em Esteiras Microbianas em Bolha do Brejo do Pau Fincado, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loreine Hermida da Silva e Silva

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Chroococcales in blister microbial mats at brejo do Pau Fincado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Brejo do Pau Fincado (220 55’ 56,75” S e 420 16’ 54,7” W is a natural natural coastal aquatical body. It is located at the Lagoa de Araruama complex, formed at least 7000 years ago. The local climate is characterized by low precipitation ratesand high evaporation rates; due to this, the lagoons tend to become ypersalyne. Microbial mats are organic-sedimentary structures composed mainly of cyanobacteria. Whilst the photosynthesis process cyanobacteria induct an environmental change, which leads to calcium carbonate precipitation. The aim of this study was to typify and identify the cyanobacteria at the blister microbial mat. Samples were processed and analyzed using an optical microscope. The blister mat is composed of twelve species of cyanobacteria disposed in a fragile and amorphous mass. In this structure, both quantitative andqualitative domains belong to Chroococcales Westtein 1924. Measurement has shown that the place is very selective, andcyanobacteria presented great resistance and adaptability, because they are forms which had got success surviving to big changes occurred on Earth since the beginning of life and the evolutionary history .

  13. PAU/RAD: Design and Preliminary Calibration Results of a New L-Band Pseudo-Correlation Radiometer Concept

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enric Valencia

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available The Passive Advanced Unit (PAU for ocean monitoring is a new type of instrument that combines in a single receiver and without time multiplexing, a polarimetric pseudo-correlation microwave radiometer at L-band (PAU-RAD and a GPS reflectometer (PAU-GNSS/R. These instruments in conjunction with an infra-red radiometer (PAU-IR will respectively provide the sea surface temperature and the sea state information needed to accurately retrieve the sea surface salinity from the radiometric measurements. PAU will consist of an array of 4x4 receivers performing digital beamforming and polarization synthesis both for PAU-RAD and PAU-GNSS/R. A concept demonstrator of the PAU instrument with only one receiver has been implemented (PAU-One Receiver or PAU-OR. PAU-OR has been used to test and tune the calibration algorithms that will be applied to PAU. This work describes in detail PAU-OR’s radiometer calibration algorithms and their performance.

  14. Composição florística do componente arbóreo de um trecho de Floresta Atlântica na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra da Capoeira Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil Floristic survey of the tree layer in an area of Atlantic Rainforest in Serra da Capoeira Grande Environmental Protection Area, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Luna Peixoto

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA da Serra da Capoeira Grande (22º59'03"S e 43º38'59"W tem área total de 80ha e é um dos últimos remanescentes florestais com pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. no município do Rio de Janeiro. Além disso, ocorrem na área outras três espécies ameaçadas de extinção: Cariniana ianeirensis R. Knuth, Acosmium lentiscifolium Spreng. e Machaerium incorruptible (Vell. Fr. All. ex Benth. O levantamento fitossociológico foi realizado por meio do método dos quadrantes, tendo sido alocados 200 pontos e tendo-se como critério de inclusão 15cm de circunferência do tronco a 1,30m de altura do solo. A composição florística é o resultado desta amostragem acrescida de coletas feitas durante caminhadas no fragmento, totalizando 29 famílias, 58 gêneros e 69 espécies. As famílias que apresentaram maior número de espécies foram: Leguminosae (13, Myrtaceae (6, Euphorbiaceae (5, Bignoniaceae, Bombacaceae, Celastraceae, Flacourtiaceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae e Solanaceae (3. Analisando a similaridade florística entre a APA da Serra da Capoeira Grande e outras 18 áreas florestais do Rio de Janeiro, observou-se maior identidade florística entre a área estudada e florestas de baixada localizadas próximas ao mar. Todas as florestas reuniram-se com um baixo nível de similaridade, refletindo a diversidade florística das florestas do Rio de Janeiro.The 80-hectare site (22º59'03"S and 43º38'59"W, is one of the last forest remnants in Rio de Janeiro municipality, where brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam. occurs naturally. Furthermore, three other endangered species occur in this area: Cariniana ianeirensis R. Knuth, Acosmium lentiscifolium Spreng., and Machaerium incorruptible (Vell. Fr. All. ex Benth. Trees were sampled according to the point-centered-quarter method. The inclusion criteria was PBH >15cm; a total of 200 points were surveyed. The floristic composition was comprised of the sampled

  15. LAM (Lymphangioleiomyomatosis)

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Intramural Research Home / < Back To Health Topics / LAM LAM Also known as Lymphangioleiomyomatosis LAM, or lymphangioleiomyomatosis, is ... look for LAM cells . Procedures that look for LAM cells If lung function, imaging, or blood VEGF- ...

  16. Storage sites in seeds of Caesalpinia echinata and C. ferrea (Leguminosae with considerations on nutrients flow

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone de Pádua Teixeira

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available The seeds of Caesalpinia echinata and C. ferrea behaved as typical endospermic seeds, despite their different morphological classification (exendospermic seeds were described for C. echinata and endospermic seeds for C. ferrea. Then, the aim of this work was to compare, under ultrastructural and histochemical terms, the nature of the storage substances and their accumulation sites, as well as the nutrient flow in seeds of these species. Cotyledons in C. echinata accumulate carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, which are mobilized from the outer to the inner parts as revealed by the position of plasmodesmata. Endosperm in C. ferrea accumulates carbohydrates and in C. echinata accumulates substances during the initial embryogenic phases. Such tissue develops a chalazal haustorium that is responsible for the transport of substances into the endosperm itself and from it into the embryo, confirmed by the presence of transference cells.As sementes de Caesalpinia echinata e C. ferrea comportam-se como endospérmicas, apesar de descritas na literatura como exendospérmicas e endospérmicas, respectivamente. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar, em termos ultra-estrutural e histoquímico, a natureza das substâncias de reserva e seus tecidos acumuladores, bem como o fluxo de nutrientes nas sementes destas espécies. Os cotilédones em C. echinata acumulam carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas, mobilizados da periferia para o centro, como visto pelo posicionamento dos plasmodesmas. O endosperma em C. ferrea acumula carboidratos e lipídios, e em C. echinata, acumula substâncias nos estádios iniciais da embriogênese. Este tecido desenvolve um haustório calazal agressivo, que transporta substâncias para o endosperma propriamente dito e deste para o embrião, fato confirmado pela presença de células de transferência no endosperma.

  17. Trophic ecology of the chiton Acanthopleura echinata on Chilean rocky shores Ecología trófica del chitón Acanthopleura echinata en costas rocosas de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    PATRICIO A CAMUS

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Polyplacophorans are common herbivores on rocky shores, but basic aspects of their ecology remain scarcely studied and their role within communities could be more complex than previously considered. Such is the case of Acanthopleura echinata (Barnes, one of the largest and most conspicuous chitons in the world, and at the same time, one of the least known intertidal species in the southeastern Pacific. To improve the basic ecological knowledge of this potentially important intertidal consumer, we studied the diet of A. echinata and its variation among sites of varying levels of coastal upwelling spread over 1000 km along the coast of northern Chile. A seasonal evaluation of diet, body size distribution and density at sites expected to vary in overall nutrient loadings, benthic algal productivity and sea surface temperature, allowed us to examine plasticity in Acantholeura diet and body size. Overall, A. echinata consumed 85 items of algae (64.7 %, mainly fleshy and calcified encrusting thalli and invertebrates (35.3 %, mainly barnacles. Diet was always dominated by encrusting corallines, although the proportion of algae increased with body size suggesting an ontogenetic variation in feeding habits. Although the number and occurrence frequency of dietary items varied significantly in time and space, there were no consistent seasonal patterns and the dominant items in the diet remained the same at all places. The density of A. echinata showed no significant spatial variation, but its body size and diet breadth correlated positively among sites and both tended to increase with latitude. Our results show that A. echinata is a generalist, polyphagous consumer with a high potential for affecting the space-occupancy dynamics in the intertidal system, and also that among site variation in diet bears no simple relationship with variation in sea surface temperature and upwelling intensity.Los poliplacóforos son herbívoros comunes en costas rocosas, pero

  18. Effect of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine on shoot induction in explants of brazilwood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Katarina Oliveira Aragão

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available The Brazilian Atlantic forest has been subjected to intense degradation, with only about 7% to 8% of its original area remaining today. This situation has raised concerns over the conservation of species threatened with extinction. In all, 276 tree and bush species are under threat, out of which this study chose to evaluate alternatives for protecting brazilwood ‘Pau-Brasil’ (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.. Most studies performed so far on this subject either evaluate the effect of cytokinins on induction of callogenesis or focus on improving cryopreservation methodologies. In an attempt to expand knowledge about biotechnological techniques enabling conservation of C. echinata, this work evaluated the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP and explant type on induction of shoots in brazilwood. To attain that, explants were inoculated into basic MS medium and into MS medium supplemented with 2.5 µM, 3.5 µM and 4.5 µM of BAP, and kept in a growth room for 40 days under controlled photoperiod and temperature conditions. A 2x4 factorial design was adopted, with three replicates. Analyzed variables included shoot percentage, callogenesis and oxidations, and means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. Results showed a significant influence of BAP only on shoot induction, and of explant type on that variable and on other variables too. It was concluded that, under in vitro conditions, the nodal type of explant is more responsive to BAP action and that 2.5 µM is the recommended concentration for shoot induction in brazilwood.

  19. DESEMPENHO DO Pinus echinata NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Renato Schneider

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available In this work, the growth and the yield of a Pinus echinata Mill. stand were studied. The stand was implanted in 1996 in spacing of 3,0 x 2,0 meters, at Boqueirão do Leão, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the study, 6 sample units were installed, and 6 trees of average diameter and dominant height were cut down for trunk analysis. Results indicated that the species presents a good growth in diameter, height and volume. At 12 years-old, the stand presented an average diameter of 18.4 cm, an average height of 12.6 m, a dominant height of 14.1 m, a basal area of 42.3 m2.ha-1, total volume with rind of 248.2 m3.ha-1 and an average annual increment of 20.7 m3.ha-1.yr-1. These initial findings indicate that the species bears a great potential for growth, what enables it to thrive in some regions of Rio Grande do Sul.

  20. Woods with physical, mechanical and acoustic properties similar to those of Caesalpinia echinata have high potential as alternative woods for bow makers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Luiz Longui

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available For nearly two hundred years, Caesalpinia echinata wood has been the standard for modern bows. However, the threat of extinction and the enforcement of trade bans have required bow makers to seek alternative woods. The hypothesis tested was that woods with physical, mechanical and acoustic properties similar to those of C. echinata would have high potential as alternative woods for bows. Accordingly, were investigated Handroanthus spp., Mezilaurus itauba, Hymenaea spp., Dipteryx spp., Diplotropis spp. and Astronium lecointei. Handroanthus and Diplotropis have the greatest number of similarities with C. echinata, but only Handroanthus spp. showed significant results in actual bow manufacture, suggesting the importance of such key properties as specific gravity, speed of sound propagation and modulus of elasticity. In practice, Handroanthus and Dipteryx produced bows of quality similar to that of C. echinata.

  1. Electronic LAM GRADER

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raoul, J.-C.

    1978-04-01

    The electronic LAM GRADER is a 1/25 width CAMAC module intended for use with the CCA crate controller specified in EUR 4600. The input to the LAM GRADER is a 23 bit pattern coming from CCA and representing the 23 L lines of the crate. The output is a 24 bit pattern which is the result of the grading process inside the LAM GRADER. The grading process is programmed. This module may be plugged in anyone of the 23 module positions of a crate [fr

  2. STUDY OF THE ARBORIZATION AND GREEN AREAS OF THE CAMPUS II OF THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF GOIÁS, BRAZIL ESTUDO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO E DAS ÁREAS VERDES DO CAMPUS II DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Yuriko Hashimoto

    2007-09-01

    étrica de escala aproximada de 1:5000. As plantas foram locadas e identificadas. As espécies nativas são remanescentes da cobertura da Mata Semidecídua ocorrente no local, tendo como destaque Apuleia molaris Spruce (garapa, Anadenanthera perigrina L. (angico, Cedrela fissilis Vell. (cedro e Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl. Nichols (ipê amarelo e outras. As espécies exóticas e algumas da flora do Estado de Goiás têm como representantes Spathodea campanulata Beauv. (espatódea, Delonix regia Rafin (flamboyant, Pachira aquatica Aublet (munguba, Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil e Syagrus oleracea (Mart. Becc. (guariroba. O total de 1.389 indivíduos levantados está distribuído em 43 famílias e 84 gêneros. O trabalho demonstrou que algumas espécies não foram plantadas em locais adequados em razão do porte, sistema radicular e queda de folhas. O estudo desenvolvido permitirá ampliação, melhoria na arborização e recomposição das áreas verdes do Campus II, bem como contribuirá para os futuros projetos paisagísticos.

  3. Prospeccion biogeoquimica del oro en el yacimiento de Pau-a-Pique, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sobral, M.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available During the dry season (July-August 1997 eleven samples of soil-plant pairs were collected in the Pau-a-Pique gold deposit, southwestern of Amazonic Craton, about 440 km NW of Cuiabá city. The area contains rocks of Aguapeí Group, Rondonian Belt and recent cover. The area has a steep relief covered by thin soils. The vegetation is sparse and predominantly composed of xerophitic shrubs. Two kinds of plant species were sampled, one belonging to the Annonaceae family and the other one to the Piperaceae family. The ashes of these plants and the soils were analysed by INAA and ICP. The highest gold contents are found in the ashes of plants collected in the colluvium soil (white mica, clay minerals and Fe-oxyhydroxides covering the hydrothermal halo of the deposit. In the soil, the highest gold values are those from eluvium related to the quartz veins. The higher gold values in plants respect to the soils suggest that the plants could be useful to establish hydrothermal targets.Se recogieron once muestras de pares suelo-planta durante la estación seca (julioagosto 1997 en el yacimiento de oro de Pau-a-Pique al suroeste del cratón Amazónico, unos 440 km al NO de la ciudad de Cuiabá. La geología de esta zona presenta rocas pertenecientes al Gmpo Aguapeí y al Cinturón Rondónico, así como sedimentos recientes de cobertera. La topografía presenta relieves abruptos y los suelos forman una delgada lámina. La vegetación es escasa y predominan los arbustos xerófitos. Se muestrearon dos especies de plantas, una de ellas perteneciente a la familia Annonaceae, y la otra a la familia Piperaceae. Las cenizas de estas plantas y de sus suelos fueron analizadas mediante las técnicas de INAA y ICP. Los más altos contenidos en oro se encontraron en las cenizas de las plantas recogidas en los coluviones (mica blanca, arcillas y oxihidróxidos de Fe que recubren el halo hidrotermal de los depósitos. En el suelo, los valores más altos del oro corresponden

  4. A expansão do ensino superior e as cidades médias: um estudo sobre a atuação da UERN/Campus de Pau dos Ferros (RN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joseney Rodrigues de Queiroz Dantas

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available As universidades vêm sendo consideradas elementos-chave no processo de desenvolvimento das regiões. No Brasil, vivenciamos uma fase de expansão do Ensino Superior, em boa parte fora dos grandes centros, nas chamadas cidades médias. Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a expansão recente do Ensino Superior em Pau dos Ferros e as mudanças ocorridas em termos da dinâmica urbana e da sua atuação regional. Para a realização da pesquisa, tomamos como referência estudos que tratam da relação entre educação superior e cidades médias. Em termos empíricos, buscamos dados referentes à expansão imobiliária e sua concentração nas proximidades do campus da UERN; para verificar sua atuação regional, trabalhamos com os dados das matrículas dos alunos. Constatamos que 25% dos alunos são de Pau dos Ferros, os demais advêm de 64 munícipios do Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará e Paraíba.

  5. Microbiome structure of the fungid coral Ctenactis echinata aligns with environmental differences

    KAUST Repository

    Roder, Cornelia

    2015-06-19

    The significance of bacteria for eukaryotic functioning is increasingly recognized. Coral reef ecosystems critically rely on the relationship between coral hosts and their intracellular photosynthetic dinoflagellates, but the role of the associated bacteria remains largely theoretical. Here, we set out to relate coral-associated bacterial communities of the fungid host species Ctenactis echinata to environmental settings (geographic location, substrate cover, summer/winter, nutrient and suspended matter concentrations) and coral host abundance. We show that bacterial diversity of C. echinata aligns with ecological differences between sites and that coral colonies sampled at the species’ preferred habitats are primarily structured by one bacterial taxon (genus Endozoicomonas) representing more than 60% of all bacteria. In contrast, host microbiomes from lower populated coral habitats are less structured and more diverse. Our study demonstrates that the content and structure of the coral microbiome aligns with environmental differences and denotes habitat adequacy. Availability of a range of coral host habitats might be important for the conservation of distinct microbiome structures and diversity.

  6. Microbiome structure of the fungid coral Ctenactis echinata aligns with environmental differences

    KAUST Repository

    Roder, Cornelia; Bayer, Till; Aranda, Manuel; Kruse, Maren; Voolstra, Christian R.

    2015-01-01

    The significance of bacteria for eukaryotic functioning is increasingly recognized. Coral reef ecosystems critically rely on the relationship between coral hosts and their intracellular photosynthetic dinoflagellates, but the role of the associated bacteria remains largely theoretical. Here, we set out to relate coral-associated bacterial communities of the fungid host species Ctenactis echinata to environmental settings (geographic location, substrate cover, summer/winter, nutrient and suspended matter concentrations) and coral host abundance. We show that bacterial diversity of C. echinata aligns with ecological differences between sites and that coral colonies sampled at the species’ preferred habitats are primarily structured by one bacterial taxon (genus Endozoicomonas) representing more than 60% of all bacteria. In contrast, host microbiomes from lower populated coral habitats are less structured and more diverse. Our study demonstrates that the content and structure of the coral microbiome aligns with environmental differences and denotes habitat adequacy. Availability of a range of coral host habitats might be important for the conservation of distinct microbiome structures and diversity.

  7. Superação de dormência em sementes de pau de balsa (Ochroma pyramidale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daiane Gobes de Jesus Santos

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available O pau de balsa (Ochroma pyramidale vem se constituindo como umas das principais espécies arbóreas no ramo de reflorestamento, devido ao seu ponto de corte rápido, que varia entre cinco e sete anos. Entretanto, as sementes desta espécie apresentam dormência devido à impermeabilidade do tegumento, dificultando a sua germinação e assim a produção de mudas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de métodos de superação de dormência em sementes de pau de balsa. O experimento foi conduzido na Empresa de Pesquisa, Assistência e Extensão Rural (EMPAER, localizada na cidade de Guarantã do Norte, MT. Para superar a dormência as sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos:  1 choque térmico por 10 minutos, 2 choque térmico por 15 minutos, 3 choque térmico por 20 minutos, 4 choque térmico por 25 minutos, 5 acetona por 15 minutos e 6 hipoclorito de sódio por 15 minutos. Para avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos, foram analisadas as variáveis emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento de parte aérea, raiz e total de plântulas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Skott - Knot, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A imersão em água quente seguida de imersão água fria (choque térmico é um tratamento eficiente na superação de dormência de sementes de pau de Balsa. O choque térmico com imersão em água quente e fria (80 ºC/ 8 ºC por 15 minutos é recomendável para superação de dormência de sementes de pau de balsa.Overcoming dormancy in pau de balsa seeds (Ochroma pyramidaleAbstract: Pau de balsa (Ochroma pyramidale has been installing as one of the principal-tree species in reforestation branch, due to its fast cut-off point, which varies between five and seven years. However, the seeds of this kind present dormancy due to the impermeability of the seed coat, hindering germination. The objective of this study was to

  8. SEISMIC STUDY OF THE AGUA DE PAU GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT, SAO MIGUEL, AZORES.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dawson, Phillip B.; Rodrigues da Silva, Antonio; Iyer, H.M.; Evans, John R.

    1985-01-01

    A 16 station array was operated over the 200 km**2 central portion of Sao Miguel utilizing 8 permanent Instituto Nacional de Meterologia e Geofisica stations and 8 USGS portable stations. Forty four local events with well constrained solutions and 15 regional events were located. In addition, hundreds of unlocatable seismic events were recorded. The most interesting seismic activity occurred in a swarm on September 6 and 7, 1983 when over 200 events were recorded in a 16 hour period. The seismic activity around Agua de Pau was centered on the east and northeast slopes of the volcano. The data suggest a boiling hydrothermal system beneath the Agua de Pau volcano, consistent with a variety of other data.

  9. PAU-SA: A Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radiometer Test Bed for Potential Improvements in Future Missions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Merce Vall-llosera

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS mission is an Earth Explorer Opportunity mission from the European Space Agency (ESA. Its goal is to produce global maps of soil moisture and ocean salinity using the Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS. The purpose of the Passive Advanced Unit Synthetic Aperture (PAU-SA instrument is to study and test some potential improvements that could eventually be implemented in future missions using interferometric radiometers such as the Geoestacionary Atmosferic Sounder (GAS, the Precipitation and All-weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH and the Geostationary Interferometric Microwave Sounder (GIMS. Both MIRAS and PAU-SA are Y-shaped arrays with uniformly distributed antennas, but the receiver topology and the processing unit are quite different. The purpose of this work is to identify the elements in the MIRAS’s design susceptible of improvement and apply them in the PAU-SA instrument demonstrator, to test them in view of these future interferometric radiometer missions.

  10. El VII Congrés Internacional de Conflictologia desentrella la complexitat de les operacions de pau des d’UNITAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduard Vinyamata

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available

    «En parlar de les Nacions Unides, ens ve al cap la imatge dels cascos blaus, però les operacions de pau són més complexes i impliquen molta gent: militars, policia, diplomàtics i societat civil.» Ho va afirmar Sally Fegan-Wyles, la subsecretària general de les Nacions Unides i cap de l’Institut de les Nacions Unides per a la Formació Professional i la Recerca (UNITAR, en la inauguració del VII Congrés Internacional de Conflictologia i Pau de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC, que va tenir lloc els dies 2 i 3 d’octubre. Aquesta professional del desenvolupament va explicar l’impacte que té la formació sobre resolució de conflictes en el manteniment de la pau i la seguretat al món. En aquest esdeveniment, organitzat pel Campus per la Pau i els Estudis de Dret i Ciència Política de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Sally Fegan-Wyles va destacar el fet que les intervencions de pau que porten a terme les Nacions Unides han canviat de naturalesa, com també ho han fet els conflictes, amb l’aparició de les armes lleugeres i les tàctiques de guerrilla. Segons la directora d’UNITAR, «hem passat de l’acord de pau a un procés multidimensional, que implica tant la societat civil del país en conflicte com el cos diplomàtic i polític, i les tropes militars».

     

  11. Lam\\'e polynomials, hyperelliptic reductions and Lam\\'e band structure

    OpenAIRE

    Maier, Robert S.

    2003-01-01

    The band structure of the Lam\\'e equation, viewed as a one-dimensional Schr\\"odinger equation with a periodic potential, is studied. At integer values of the degree parameter l, the dispersion relation is reduced to the l=1 dispersion relation, and a previously published l=2 dispersion relation is shown to be partially incorrect. The Hermite-Krichever Ansatz, which expresses Lam\\'e equation solutions in terms of l=1 solutions, is the chief tool. It is based on a projection from a genus-l hype...

  12. Anatomia do lenho de Raulinoa echinata R.S.Cowan (Rutaceae uma espécie endêmica. Wood anatomy of Raulinoa echinata R.S.Cowan (Rutaceae an endemic species.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriano Antonio DAROSCI

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available A anatomia vegetal é útil para a caracterização das espécies e do ambiente em que estas vivem. Muitas espécies respondem a algumas características ambientais com alterações na anatomia do lenho, por exemplo, na quantidade de vasos e raios, o que contribui para a sobrevivência no ambiente. Outras respostas anatômicas do lenho, devido às condições fisiológicas-estruturais presentes em diferentes regiões do caule, também são comuns. O presente estudo analisou a anatomia do lenho de Raulinoa echinata, espécie endêmica da mata ciliar do Vale do Itajaí, a fim de buscar alterações do lenho em resposta a algumas características ambientais, além daquelas provocadas pelas diferentes regiões do caule. Para tanto, amostras do lenho foram coletadas em duas regiões: próxima do solo e à altura do peito (1,30 m. Possíveis respostas de R. echinata ao ambiente ripário foram observadas no comprimento e na frequência das fibras, na largura dos raios e no comprimento e na frequência total de vasos, com diferenças significativas, entre as duas regiões, apenas em características quantitativas. A espécie apresentou, ainda, vasos múltiplos tangenciais e em cacho, características até então não descritas para Rutaceae. Não foram vistos na espécie canais traumáticos, característica comum para Rutaceae. Plant anatomy is useful for the characterization of species and their associated environment. Many species, because of habitat features, can show anatomical alterations of wood that permit their survival in the environment, quantity of vessels and rays, for example. Other anatomical alterations caused by structural-physiological conditions present in different regions of the stem are also common. In this study, the anatomy of Raulinoa echinata wood, an endemic riparian forest species of Itajaí Valley, was analyzed in order to identify alterations in wood because of specific habitat features, as well as adaptations in different

  13. A progenitor of the outer membrane LamB trimer.

    OpenAIRE

    Stader, J; Silhavy, T J

    1988-01-01

    During its localization to the outer membrane, LamB possesses distinctive biochemical properties as it passes through the cytoplasmic membrane. Because LamB entered this dynamic state with an attached signal sequence and leaves after cleavage, we call this export-related form of LamB the early-translocation form (et-LamB).

  14. Comparação cromatográfica entre o extrato de Aspidosperma parvifolium e o fitoterápico "Pau-Pereira"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R.L.R.P. Jácome

    Full Text Available A Tintura de "pau-pereira" poderia ser produzida a partir de uma das espécies Aspidosperma parvifolium ou Geissospemun vellosii, espécies conhecidas com o nome popular de "pau-pereira". Análise por CCD e CLAE mostrou que A. parvifolium, uma entre várias Apocynaceae, não é ingrediente da Tintura de "pau-pereira", uma vez que o alcalóide uleína, um marcador químico da espécie, não foi detectado no fitoterápico. Poderia se tratar de G. vellossii, que possui os alcalóides gessospermina, pereirina e velosina, mas o perfil cromatográfico da tintura obtido por CLAE, sugeriu possuir principalmente polifenóis.

  15. Present status of LAM-80ET

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Izumi, Y.

    1990-01-01

    The present report briefly describes major aspects of a quasielastic neutron scattering spectrometer installed at KEK (National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Japan). It is a latticed array mirror (LAM) spectrometer for measuring the neutron TOF which employs the KENS spallation cold neutron source and crystal analyzer mirror. This spectrometer is a very useful device to study diffusive motion or the relaxation process in molecular science and in many other fields. By measuring the quasielastic neutron scattering, one can obtain useful information for the analysis of temporal and spatial properties of atoms and molecules which are in random motion with a characteristic time of 10 -12 to 10 -9 seconds. The report then outlines major design considerations and some details of down-scattering crystal spectrometer LAM-80ET which uses a mica analyzer. Its configuration is shown and discussed. The LAM-80ET spectrometer incorporates a LAM-type analyzer mirror. Its performance is then outlined focusing on its resolution. The LAM-80ET spectrometer has demonstrated a satisfactory performance particularly in tunneling study of N-oxy γ picoline. Usefulness of the 20 K methane pulsed cold source has also been demonstrated. (N.K.)

  16. Systematic study of low-mass electron pair production in p-Be and p-Au collisions at 450 GeV/c

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Agakichiev, G; Appenheimer, M; Averbeck, R; Ballester, F; Baur, R; Brenschede, A; Diaz, J; Drees, A; Faschingbauer, U; Ferrero, JL; Fraenkel, Z; Franke, M; Fuchs, C; Gatti, E; Glassel, P; Gunzel, T; de los Heros, CP; Hess, F; Holzmann, R; Iourevitch, [No Value; Irmscher, D; Jacob, C; Kuhn, W; Lenkeit, B; Löhner, H.; Marin, A; Marques, FM; Martinez, G; Metag, [No Value; Notheisen, M; Novotny, R; Olsen, LH; Ostendorf, R; Panebrattsev, Y; Pfeiffer, A; Ravinovich, [No Value; Rehak, P; Sampietro, M; Schon, A; Schukraft, J; Schutz, Y; Shimansky, S; Shor, A; Simon, RS; Specht, HJ; Steiner, [No Value; Tapprogge, S; Tel-Zur, G; Tserruya, [No Value; Ullrich, T; Wilschut, H.; Wurm, JP

    In a joint effort the CERES/NA45 and TAPS collaborations have measured low-mass electron pairs in p-Be and p-Au collisions at 450 GeV/c at the CERN SPS. In the range covered up to approximate to 1.5 GeV/c(2) the mass spectra from p-Be and p-Au collisions are well explained by electron pairs from

  17. The Role of Laparoscopic-Assisted Myomectomy (LAM)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nezhat, Ceana H.; Nezhat, Farr.; Nezhat, Camran

    2001-01-01

    Laparoscopic myomectomy has recently gained wide acceptance. However, this procedure remains technically highly demanding and concerns have been raised regarding the prolonged time of anesthesia, increased blood loss, and possibly a higher risk of postoperative adhesion formation. Laparoscopic-assisted myomectomy (LAM) is advocated as a technique that may lessen these concerns regarding laparoscopic myomectomy while retaining the benefits of laparoscopic surgery, namely, short hospital stay, lower costs, and rapid recovery. By decreasing the technical demands, and thereby the operative time, LAM may be more widely offered to patients. In carefully selected cases, LAM is a safe and efficient alternative to both laparoscopic myomectomy and myomectomy by laparotomy. These cases include patients with numerous large or deep intramural myomas. LAM allows easier repair of the uterus and rapid morcellation of the myomas. In women who desire a future pregnancy, LAM may be a better approach because it allows meticulous suturing of the uterine defect in layers and thereby eliminates excessive electrocoagulation. PMID:11719974

  18. The genetics of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata mill.) with implications for restoration and management

    Science.gov (United States)

    John F. Stewart; Rodney E. Will; Barbara S. Crane; C. Dana Nelson

    2016-01-01

    Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) is an important commercial timber resource and forest ecosystem component in the southeastern USA. The species occurs in mainly drier sites as an early- to mid-successional species, is fireadapted, and it plays an important role in the fire ecology of the region. However, shortleaf pine genetics are not well-studied, especially in...

  19. Coberturas vacinais superestimadas? Novas evidências a partir do inquérito de Pau da Lima Overestimated vaccination coverage rates? New evidence from the Pau de Lima survey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ligia Maria Vieira da Silva

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a cobertura vacinal em crianças de 0 a 5 anos, um estudo transversal com base em inquérito domiciliar foi realizado em 1992 no Distrito Sanitário de Pau da Lima, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, através do recurso à técnica de amostragem por conglomerados. Foram sorteadas 30 microáreas homogêneas no que diz respeito às características socioeconômicas. Informações sobre o estado vacinal de 385 crianças foram obtidas a partir da verificação do cartão de vacinação e da senha de campanha, ou, na ausência destes, a partir da informação verbal da mãe ou responsável. A cobertura vacinal encontrada foi de 70% para a vacina antipólio; de 56% para a vacina tríplice; de 74% para a vacina anti-sarampo; e de 87% para a BCG, considerando-se as diversas fontes de informação em todas as faixas etárias. Estes resultados indicam uma possível superestimação das taxas obtidas a partir de registros rotineiros dos serviços de saúde e das campanhas. Os autores discutem as implicações das baixas coberturas encontradas em todas as faixas etárias e, mais acentuadamente, entre menores de 1 ano.To evaluate vaccination coverage in children 0 to 5 years of age, a cross-sectional study based on a household survey was carried out in 1992 in the Pau de Lima Health District, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, using a cluster sampling technique. The district was subdivided into 30 small areas that were homogeneous with respect to socioeconomic characteristics. Information on the vaccination status of 385 children was obtained through verification of a vaccination card or campaign voucher, or, in the absence of these items, through verbal confirmation from the mother or other responsible person. Based on all the sources of information, the study found vaccination coverage rates in the entire age range of 69% for polio vaccine; 56% for DTP; 74% for measles vaccine; and 87% for BCG. These results suggest that rates obtained from routine

  20. LAM Pilot Study with Imatinib Mesylate (LAMP-1)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-10-01

    AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0132 TITLE: LAM Pilot Study with Imatinib Mesylate (LAMP-1) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Charlie Strange, MD...regarding imatinib mesylate (imatinib) in the treatment of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis ( LAM ) sufficient to power and design a phase 3 imatinib vs. placebo...clinical trial. The hypothesis is that imatinib will be equivalent to rapamycin in short term efficacy and safety. Currently, most LAM patients are

  1. Genotyping and study of the pauA and sua genes of Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine mastitis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perrig, Melina S; Ambroggio, María B; Buzzola, Fernanda R; Marcipar, Iván S; Calvinho, Luis F; Veaute, Carolina M; Barbagelata, María Sol

    2015-01-01

    This study aimed to determine the clonal relationship among 137 Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine milk with subclinical or clinical mastitis in Argentina and to assess the prevalence and conservation of pauA and sua genes. This information is critical for the rational design of a vaccine for the prevention of bovine mastitis caused by S. uberis. The isolates were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The 137 isolates exhibited 61 different PFGE types and 25 distinct RAPD profiles. Simpson's diversity index was calculated both for PFGE (0.983) and for RAPD (0.941), showing a high discriminatory power in both techniques. The analysis of the relationship between pairs of isolates showed 92.6% concordance between both techniques indicating that any given pair of isolates distinguished by one method tended to be distinguished by the other. The prevalence of the sua and pauA genes was 97.8% (134/137) and 94.9% (130/137), respectively. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the sua and pauA genes from 20 S. uberis selected isolates, based on their PFGE and RAPD types and geographical origin, showed an identity between 95% and 100% with respect to all reference sequences registered in GenBank. These results demonstrate that, in spite of S. uberis clonal diversity, the sua and pauA genes are prevalent and highly conserved, showing their importance to be included in future vaccine studies to prevent S. uberis bovine mastitis. Copyright © 2015 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  2. Tirant lo Blanc o la pau no passa pels exèrcits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antònia Carré

    2000-11-01

    Full Text Available Tirant lo Blanc o la pau no passa pels exèrcits és un metatext que té bàsicament dos objectius: 1 permetre, a partir d'una lectura activa i creativa de la novel·la de Joanot Martorell, acostar-se als aspectes cavallerescos de l'Edat Mitjana i aprofundir en el concepte de literatura existent aleshores, basat en la reconstrucció i recreació de textos a través de la manipulació de les obres que formaven part del patrimoni cultural de l'època, i 2 possibilitar, a partir de l'anàlisi d'un dels eixos temàtics principals de la novel·la com és la guerra, la reflexió (telemàtica sobre els valors que fonamenten una societat plural i democràtica a les portes del segle XXI: la sensibilització davant de les injustícies i els abusos de poder, la tolerància, la solidaritat, el respecte pel medi ambient, en definitiva, la valoració de la cultura per la pau.

  3. Hypotensive Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) Root ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research May 2015; 14(5): 823-830 ... Purpose: To explore the hypotensive activity and chemical composition of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) ...... essential oil from leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam.

  4. Vida em Santidade: modos de ser santo em uma comunidade messiânico-milenarista do sertão baiano (Pau de Colher, 1934-1938 - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2010v8n18p170

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Filipe Pinto Monteiro

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available A proposta do artigo é analisar o fenômeno peculiar da honraria santoral na comunidade messiânico-milenarista de Pau de Colher (Casa Nova, sertão da Bahia, 1934-1938. A partir de um recorte histórico-cultural e teológico, a investigação será encaminhada no sentido de esclarecer a atuação de uma liderança religiosa, popular e carismática atada a modelos de santidade gestados durante o período medieval no ocidente cristão e transmigrados para o Novo Mundo após os descobrimentos. O texto apresenta documentação inédita e estabelece uma discussão - a partir de obras clássicas e outras referências garimpadas ao longo da pesquisa - em torno da manifestação de santos católicos no interior baiano na década de 30 do século XX. O movimento de Pau de Colher, através da pregação de seus líderes, instituiu um diálogo com uma tradição que remonta às origens do cristianismo; fez crer na ressurreição de personagens como São José, o Carpinteiro e Santa Maria, a Imaculada -, figuras privilegiadas em nosso estudo -; e re-atualizou um conjunto de credos e valores transmitidos pelas mãos de missionários itinerantes e de beatos errantes durante a história do Brasil, revelando um intenso hibridismo entre catolicismo popular e eclesiástico. Palavras-chave: Pau de Colher; santos; sertão; catolicismo; religiosidade popular.   Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the peculiar phenomenon of the honor saints in the messianic-millenarian community of Pau de Colher (Casa Nova, interior of Bahia, 1934-1938. From a cultural-historical and theological approach, the research will be directed towards clarifying the role of religious, popular and charismatic leadership tied to models of holiness gestated during the medieval period in the Christian West and transmigrated to the New World after the discoveries. The paper presents unpublished documentation and provides a discussion - from classical works and other references panned

  5. Development of pattern aware unit (PAU) for the LCLS beam based fast feedback system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, K.H.; Allison, S.; Fairley, D.; Himel, T.M.; Krejcik, P.; Rogind, D.; Williams, E.

    2012-01-01

    LCLS is now successfully operating at its design beam repetition rate of 120 Hz, but in order to ensure stable beam operation at this high rate we have developed a new timing pattern aware EPICS controller for beam line actuators. Actuators that are capable of responding at 120 Hz are controlled by the new Pattern Aware Unit (PAU) as part of the beam-based feedback system. The beam at the LCLS is synchronized to the 60 Hz AC power line phase and is subject to electrical noise which differs according to which of the six possible AC phases is chosen from the 3-phase site power line. Beam operation at 120 Hz interleaves two of these 60 Hz phases and the feedback must be able to apply independent corrections to the beam pulse according to which of the 60 Hz timing patterns the pulse is synchronized to. The PAU works together with the LCLS Event Timing system which broadcasts a timing pattern that uniquely identifies each pulse when it is measured and allows the feedback correction to be applied to subsequent pulses belonging to the same timing pattern, or time slot, as it is referred to at SLAC. At 120 Hz operation this effectively provides us with two independent, but interleaved feedback loops. Other beam programs at the SLAC facility such as LCLS-II and FACET will be pulsed on other time slots and the PAUs in those systems will respond to their appropriate timing patterns. This paper describes the details of the PAU development: real-time requirements and achievement, scalability, and consistency. The operational results will also be described. (authors)

  6. Número de cromossomos em populações de Achyrocline satureioides Lam. (marcela do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pereira Liana Pereira de

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available A caracterização citogenética das plantas medicinais de um país amplia as perspectivas da conservação da diversidade vegetal de espécies comumente utilizadas na medicina popular. Das espécies utilizadas medicinalmente no Brasil, algumas são nativas, dentre as quais se destaca, Achyrocline satureioides Lam. (marcela da Família Asteraceae. Neste estudo, pela primeira vez, foi realizada a contagem do número cromossômico de populações de marcela, nativas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas sementes de cinco populações de marcela em seus locais de origem, as quais foram colocadas para germinar em ambiente controlado. Após a germinação, as pontas de raízes foram coletadas e pré-tratadas com paradiclorobenzeno durante cinco horas, fixadas em álcool absoluto:ácido acético glacial (3:1 por 24h a temperatura ambiente e, posteriormente, conservadas em álcool 70%, até o seu uso. A análise do número cromossômico foi feita a partir da confecção de lâminas das pontas das raízes, sendo que para o preparo das lâminas utilizou-se a técnica do esmagamento, hidrólise em HCl 5N por 10min, aplicação de ácido acético 45% durante 1min, esmagamento das pontas das raízes e coloração com orceína acética a 2%. Todas as populações estudadas apresentaram 2n=24 cromossomos, o que sugere ser esse o número diplóide da espécie.

  7. ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DA BRUCELOSE BOVINA NA MICRORREGIÃO DE PAU DOS FERROS, ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Ariclenes Olinto

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available A brucelose bovina é uma doença bacteriana causada pela Brucella abortus, como também é uma zoonose e enfermidade infecto-contagiosa de importância econômica e em saúde pública, estando presente na lista da Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal (OIE, sendo de notificação obrigatória. Com o objetivo de avaliar essa enfermidade na Microrregião de Pau dos Ferros, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, foi realizado um Estudo Retrospectivo compreendendo os municípios de Alexandria, Antonio Martins, Encanto, José da Penha, Major Sales, Marcelino Vieira, Paraná, Pilões, Riacho de Santana e Tenente Ananias. Analisando os dados dos relatórios mensais de exames realizados por médicos veterinários habilitados pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA, no que diz respeito ao Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal (PNCEBT. Foram analisados os resultados dos exames de brucelose bovina de 1077 animais de 189 propriedades, destas, quatro apresentaram animais positivos (2,12%, realizados durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009.

  8. Effect of beta-agonists on LAM progression and treatment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Le, Kang; Steagall, Wendy K; Stylianou, Mario; Pacheco-Rodriguez, Gustavo; Darling, Thomas N; Vaughan, Martha; Moss, Joel

    2018-01-30

    Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare disease of women, is associated with cystic lung destruction resulting from the proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle-like LAM cells with mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes TSC1 and/or TSC2 The mutant genes and encoded proteins are responsible for activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is inhibited by sirolimus (rapamycin), a drug used to treat LAM. Patients who have LAM may also be treated with bronchodilators for asthma-like symptoms due to LAM. We observed stabilization of forced expiratory volume in 1 s over time in patients receiving sirolimus and long-acting beta-agonists with short-acting rescue inhalers compared with patients receiving only sirolimus. Because beta-agonists increase cAMP and PKA activity, we investigated effects of PKA activation on the mTOR pathway. Human skin TSC2 +/- fibroblasts or LAM lung cells incubated short-term with isoproterenol (beta-agonist) showed a sirolimus-independent increase in phosphorylation of S6, a downstream effector of the mTOR pathway, and increased cell growth. Cells incubated long-term with isoproterenol, which may lead to beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization, did not show increased S6 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKA blocked the isoproterenol effect on S6 phosphorylation. Thus, activation of PKA by beta-agonists increased phospho-S6 independent of mTOR, an effect abrogated by beta-agonist-driven receptor desensitization. In agreement, retrospective clinical data from patients with LAM suggested that a combination of bronchodilators in conjunction with sirolimus may be preferable to sirolimus alone for stabilization of pulmonary function.

  9. Desenvolvimento do milho sob influência de árvores de pau-branco em sistema agrossilvipastoril

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlete Moreira de Sousa Mendes

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das árvores de pau-branco (Cordia oncocalyx sobre parâmetros fisiológicos, altura e biomassa do milho, em diferentes distâncias das árvores, em sistema agrossilvipastoril. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos (distâncias do caule das árvores de 1, 2, 3 e 4 m, além do controle (plantas do cultivo tradicional, e cinco repetições. Cada parcela consistiu de uma árvore de pau-branco, ao centro, e linhas de milho plantadas nas quatro distâncias avaliadas do caule. As medidas fisiológicas e a produção de matéria seca foram registradas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após o semeio do milho. As plantas sob a copa do pau-branco, a 1 e 2 m do caule, tiveram suas trocas gasosas, altura e produção de matéria seca afetadas pelas árvores. As plantas cultivadas a 3 m do caule tiveram desempenho semelhante ao observado no cultivo tradicional, e as cultivadas a 4 m apresentaram maior fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, altura e produção de matéria seca. As plantas de milho sob a copa são afetadas negativamente pelo sombreamento das árvores, enquanto as plantas fora da copa podem se beneficiar da presença das árvores no sistema.

  10. Atividade antiulcerogênica do extrato aquoso da Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz Antiulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract from Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.C. Braz

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz pertence a família Crassulaceae e é conhecida vulgarmente como coirama, folha-da-fortuna, ou folha-do-ar, sendo usada popularmente como antifúngico, no tratamento da hipertensão, em úlceras e em inflamações. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a atividade antiulcerogênica do extrato aquoso das folhas de Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz em modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por indometacina em Rattus norvegicus, machos (150 a 250 g com idade de 70 dias. Os animais receberam por via oral: água, extrato aquoso de Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz (1 e 2 g Kg-1 ou ranitidina (60 mg Kg-1 , fármaco com ação gastroprotetora conhecida que atua bloqueando os receptores de histamina H2. Após uma hora dos tratamentos, todos animais receberam indometacina via intraperitoneal. Os resultados demonstraram que o extrato aquoso da Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz possui ação gastroprotetora; na dose de 1 g Kg-1 inibiu 45,49% o índice de ulceração induzido pela indometacina, e, na dose de 2 g Kg-1, inibiu 49,50%. Sugere-se o envolvimento de vários mecanismos na ação gastroprotetora dessa planta e não somente uma possível participação das prostaglandinas nesse efeito. Estudos futuros com diferentes modelos de indução de úlcera gástrica tornam-se necessários para melhor avaliar a atividade antiulcerogênica do extrato aquoso de Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz.Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz belongs to the family Crassulaceae, is popularly known as "coirama", "folha-da-fortuna", or "folha-do-ar" and has been commonly used as antifungal, in the treatment of hypertension, ulcers and inflammation. The present study aimed to analyze the antiulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam. Kurz using indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in Rattus norvegicus, males (150-250 g aged 70 days old. The animals received by the oral route: water, aqueous extract from

  11. Cathepsin K in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: LAM Cell-Fibroblast Interactions Enhance Protease Activity by Extracellular Acidification.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dongre, Arundhati; Clements, Debbie; Fisher, Andrew J; Johnson, Simon R

    2017-08-01

    Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease in which LAM cells and fibroblasts form lung nodules and it is hypothesized that LAM nodule-derived proteases cause cyst formation and tissue damage. On protease gene expression profiling in whole lung tissue, cathepsin K gene expression was 40-fold overexpressed in LAM compared with control lung tissue (P ≤ 0.0001). Immunohistochemistry confirmed cathepsin K protein was expressed in LAM but not control lungs. Cathepsin K gene expression and protein and protease activity were detected in LAM-associated fibroblasts but not the LAM cell line 621-101. In lung nodules, cathepsin K immunoreactivity predominantly co-localized with LAM-associated fibroblasts. In vitro, fibroblast extracellular cathepsin K activity was minimal at pH 7.5 but significantly enhanced at pH 7 and 6. 621-101 cells reduced extracellular pH with acidification dependent on 621-101 mechanistic target of rapamycin activity and net hydrogen ion exporters, particularly sodium bicarbonate co-transporters and carbonic anhydrases, which were also expressed in LAM lung tissue. In LAM cell-fibroblast co-cultures, acidification paralleled cathepsin K activity, and both were reduced by sodium bicarbonate co-transporter (P ≤ 0.0001) and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (P = 0.0021). Our findings suggest that cathepsin K activity is dependent on LAM cell-fibroblast interactions, and inhibitors of extracellular acidification may be potential therapies for LAM. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Coberturas vacinais superestimadas? Novas evidências a partir do inquérito de Pau da Lima

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ligia Maria Vieira da Silva

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a cobertura vacinal em crianças de 0 a 5 anos, um estudo transversal com base em inquérito domiciliar foi realizado em 1992 no Distrito Sanitário de Pau da Lima, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, através do recurso à técnica de amostragem por conglomerados. Foram sorteadas 30 microáreas homogêneas no que diz respeito às características socioeconômicas. Informações sobre o estado vacinal de 385 crianças foram obtidas a partir da verificação do cartão de vacinação e da senha de campanha, ou, na ausência destes, a partir da informação verbal da mãe ou responsável. A cobertura vacinal encontrada foi de 70% para a vacina antipólio; de 56% para a vacina tríplice; de 74% para a vacina anti-sarampo; e de 87% para a BCG, considerando-se as diversas fontes de informação em todas as faixas etárias. Estes resultados indicam uma possível superestimação das taxas obtidas a partir de registros rotineiros dos serviços de saúde e das campanhas. Os autores discutem as implicações das baixas coberturas encontradas em todas as faixas etárias e, mais acentuadamente, entre menores de 1 ano.

  13. Removal of nitrobenzene from aqueous solution by a novel lipoid adsorption material (LAM)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wen, Qinxue [State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090 (China); Chen, Zhiqiang, E-mail: czq0521@tom.com [State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090 (China); Lian, Jiaxiang; Feng, Yujie; Ren, Nanqi [State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090 (China)

    2012-03-30

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We synthesized a novel adsorbent-lipoid adsorption material (LAM). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We investigate the adsorption behavior isotherms of nitrobenzene on LAM. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We investigate the adsorption kinetics of nitrobenzene on LAM. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We proved that the reaction is spontaneous and is an exothermic reaction. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The removal efficiency of LAM was higher than that of GAC. - Abstract: In this study, a novel adsorbent referred to as a lipoid adsorption material (LAM) was synthesized with a hydrophobic nucleolus (triolein) and hydrophilic membrane structure (polyamide). The LAM was applied to the adsorption and removal of nitrobenzene from aqueous systems. Experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of nitrobenzene on LAM, including the development of adsorption isotherms, the determination of adsorption kinetics, and to explore the influence of adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and the initial concentration of nitrobenzene on adsorption. The performance of LAM was compared with equal amounts of granular activated carbon (GAC) for adsorption. The adsorption isotherms for LAM were found to be described by the Linear equation, while the adsorption isotherms for granular activated carbon (GAC) were described by the Freundlich equation. Results indicated that the adsorption of nitrobenzene by LAM occurred mainly due to the partition function caused by the triolein nucleolus. Two kinetics models, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to fit the experimental data for LAM adsorption. By comparing the correlation coefficients, it was found that the pseudo-first-order model was most suitable to describe the adsorption of nitrobenzene on LAM. The results also indicated that the factors that affect the adsorption rate would be either the nitrobenzene concentration or the character of the adsorbent

  14. Removal of nitrobenzene from aqueous solution by a novel lipoid adsorption material (LAM)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wen, Qinxue; Chen, Zhiqiang; Lian, Jiaxiang; Feng, Yujie; Ren, Nanqi

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► We synthesized a novel adsorbent-lipoid adsorption material (LAM). ► We investigate the adsorption behavior isotherms of nitrobenzene on LAM. ► We investigate the adsorption kinetics of nitrobenzene on LAM. ► We proved that the reaction is spontaneous and is an exothermic reaction. ► The removal efficiency of LAM was higher than that of GAC. - Abstract: In this study, a novel adsorbent referred to as a lipoid adsorption material (LAM) was synthesized with a hydrophobic nucleolus (triolein) and hydrophilic membrane structure (polyamide). The LAM was applied to the adsorption and removal of nitrobenzene from aqueous systems. Experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of nitrobenzene on LAM, including the development of adsorption isotherms, the determination of adsorption kinetics, and to explore the influence of adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and the initial concentration of nitrobenzene on adsorption. The performance of LAM was compared with equal amounts of granular activated carbon (GAC) for adsorption. The adsorption isotherms for LAM were found to be described by the Linear equation, while the adsorption isotherms for granular activated carbon (GAC) were described by the Freundlich equation. Results indicated that the adsorption of nitrobenzene by LAM occurred mainly due to the partition function caused by the triolein nucleolus. Two kinetics models, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to fit the experimental data for LAM adsorption. By comparing the correlation coefficients, it was found that the pseudo-first-order model was most suitable to describe the adsorption of nitrobenzene on LAM. The results also indicated that the factors that affect the adsorption rate would be either the nitrobenzene concentration or the character of the adsorbent. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that the adsorption of nitrobenzene on LAM was spontaneous and was an exothermic reaction. With

  15. Computer-Aided Grading of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) using HRCT

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yao, Jianhua; Avila, Nilo; Dwyer, Andrew; Taveira-DaSilva, Angelo M.; Hathaway, Olanda M.; Moss, Joel

    2010-01-01

    Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a multisystem disorder associated with proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells, which leads to destruction of lung parenchyma. Subjective grading of LAM on HRCT is imprecise and can be arduous especially in cases with severe involvement. We propose a computer-aided evaluation system that grades LAM involvement based on analysis of lung texture patterns. A committee of support vector machines is employed for classification. The system was tested on 36 patients. The computer grade demonstrates good correlation with subjective radiologist grade (R=0.91, p<0.0001) and pulmonary functional tests (R=0.85, p<0.0001). The grade also provides precise progression assessment of disease over time. PMID:21625320

  16. Hsp12p and PAU genes are involved in ecological interactions between natural yeast strains.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rivero, Damaríz; Berná, Luisa; Stefanini, Irene; Baruffini, Enrico; Bergerat, Agnes; Csikász-Nagy, Attila; De Filippo, Carlotta; Cavalieri, Duccio

    2015-08-01

    The coexistence of different yeasts in a single vineyard raises the question on how they communicate and why slow growers are not competed out. Genetically modified laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are extensively used to investigate ecological interactions, but little is known about the genes regulating cooperation and competition in ecologically relevant settings. Here, we present evidences of Hsp12p-dependent altruistic and contact-dependent competitive interactions between two natural yeast isolates. Hsp12p is released during cell death for public benefit by a fast-growing strain that also produces a killer toxin to inhibit growth of a slow grower that can enjoy the benefits of released Hsp12p. We also show that the protein Pau5p is essential in the defense against the killer effect. Our results demonstrate that the combined action of Hsp12p, Pau5p and a killer toxin is sufficient to steer a yeast community. © 2015 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  17. A study of Ks0, Λ and anti Λ production in 60 and 200 GeV per nucleon OAu and pAu collisions with a streamer chamber detector at the CERN SPS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bamberger, A.; Runge, K.; Bialkowska, H.; Bock, R.; Brockmann, R.; Guerra, C.; Humanic, T.; Sandoval, A.; Chase, S.I.; Harris, J.W.; Odyniec, G.; Pugh, H.G.; Rai, G.; Rauch, W.; Schroeder, L.S.; Tincknell, M.; Teitelbaum, L.; Tonse, S.; De Marzo, C.; De Palma, M.; Favuzzi, C.; Nappi, E.; Posa, F.; Ranieri, A.; Spinelli, P.; Derado, I.; Eckardt, V.; Fessler, H.; Freund, P.; Gebauer, H.J.; Pretzl, K.P.; Schmitz, N.; Schouten, T.; Seyboth, P.; Seyerlein, J.; Vesztergombi, G.; Ferenc, D.; Vranic, D.; Gazdzicki, M.; Heck, W.; Lahanas, M.; Margetis, S.; Pfennig, J.; Renfordt, R.; Roehrich, D.; Stock, R.; Stroebele, H.; Thomas, A.; Wenig, S.; Karabarbounis, A.; Petridis, A.; Panagiotou, A.D.; Skrzypczak, E.

    1989-01-01

    The production of neutral strange particles K s 0 , Λ and anti Λ has been studied in 60 and 200 GeV per nucleon OAu and pAu collisions with the streamer chamber vertex spectrometer of the NA35 experiment at the CERN-SPS accelerator. Ratios of neutral strange particle production to negatively charged particle production in selected regions of phase space were measured to be the same in OAu and pAu reactions. The rates of strange particle production in central OAu collisions are about a factor of 16 higher than in pAu collisions when compared in the same regions of phase space. If an enhancement of strange particle production in OAu collisions relative to pAu collisions is considered to be a signature for quark-gluon plasma formation, no evidence supporting it is observed. The experimental results are compared to the Lund FRITIOF model. (orig.)

  18. Lam'e Instantons

    OpenAIRE

    Dunne, Gerald V.; Rao, Kumar

    1999-01-01

    We perform a precise analytic test of the instanton approximation by comparing the exact band spectrum of the periodic Lam\\'e potential to the tight-binding, instanton and WKB approximations. The instanton result gives the correct leading behavior in the semiclassical limit, while the tight-binding approximation does even better. WKB is off by an overall factor of $\\sqrt{e/\\pi}$.

  19. ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE CAESALPINIA ECHINATA LAM. EM HIDROPONIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Valiengo Valeri

    2012-01-01

    ethanol solution containing 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg L-1 of IBA during 5 seconds. The cuttings were maintained in the hydroponic system for 90 days and, for additional 90 days in plastic bags containing substrate (Plantmax® under intermittent mist. After 90 and 180 days of rooting, the percentage of cuttings that survived, the rooting percentage and the number and length of adventious root were evaluated. Cuttings should be treated with IBA at 100 mg L-1 for 14 hours and placed to root in a hydroponic system.

  20. Germination, carbohydrate composition and vigor of cryopreserved Caesalpinia echinata seeds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Fonsêca Zanotti

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available The present study investigated the germination and vigor of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood seeds stored at negative temperatures. Recently harvested seeds were cryopreserved at -18º or -196ºC and periodically evaluated for germination, seed vigor and carbohydrate composition. The temperatures did not influence the germination percentages or vigor. The germination percentage decreased from 88% in recently harvested seeds to 60% after 730 days of storage. The different temperature and storage times tested did not affect the vigor seed germination as indicated by the measures of plant growth and survival. The different temperatures used did not cause changes in the carbohydrate composition. The tegument cell walls were rich in lignin, arabinose and xylose. The cytoplasm of the cotyledons and embryos had high levels of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The cryopreservation technique here presented was effective in the conservation of Brazilwood seeds for the medium term.

  1. Neutral meson production in p-Be and p-Au collisions at 450 GeV beam energy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Agakichiev, G; Appenheimer, M; Averbeck, R; Ballester, F; Baur, R; Brenschede, A; Diaz, J; Drees, A; Faschingbauer, U; Ferrero, JL; Fraenkel, Z; Franke, M; Fuchs, C; Gatti, E; Glassel, P; Gunzel, T; de los Hero, CP; Hess, F.; Holzmann, R; Irmscher, D; Jacob, C; Kuhn, W; Lenkeit, B; Löhner, H.; Marin, A; Marques, FM; Martinez, G; Metag, [No Value; Notheisen, M; Novotny, R; Olsen, LH; Schon, A; Schukraft, J; Ostendorf, R.; Panebrattsev, Y; Pfeiffer, A; Ravinovich, [No Value; Rehak, P; Sampietro, M; Schutz, Y; Shimansky, S; Shor, A; Simon, RS; Specht, HJ; Steiner, [No Value; Tapprogge, S; Tel-Zur, G; Tserruya, [No Value; Ullrich, T; Wilschut, H.; Wurm, JP; Yurevich, [No Value

    In a joint experiment the TAPS and CERES collaborations have studied the production of the neutral mesons pi degrees; eta and omega in 450 GeV p-Be and p-Au collisions at the CERN SPS. The mesons were identified by their pi degrees --> gamma gamma, eta --> gamma gamma, and omega --> pi degrees gamma

  2. Luffa echinata Roxb.-A review on its ethanomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anuj Modi

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Luffa echinata Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae is a spreading climbing herb of tremendous medicinal importance, distributed throughout Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Northern Tropical Africa. Traditionally various parts of the plant are being used for the treatment of different ailments such as jaundice, intestinal colic, enlargement of liver and spleen, leprosy, diabetes, bronchitis, nephritis, rheumatism, cirrhosis, dropsy, anthelmintic, stomach ache, snake bite, dog bite, fever, diarrohea and hemorrhoid disorder. The plant also possesses antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anxiolytic, antiepileptic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcer and anticancer activity. Research has been carried out using different techniques to support most of these claims. This review is an attempt to compile an up-to-date data on its ethanomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological perspective.

  3. On LAM's and SAM's for Halley's rotation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peale, Stanton J.

    1992-01-01

    Non principal axis rotation for comet Halley is inferred from dual periodicities evident in the observations. The modes where the spin axis precesses around the axis of minimum moment of inertia (long axis mode or LAM) and where it precesses around the axis of maximum moment of inertia (short axis mode or SAM) are described from an inertial point of view. The currently favored LAM model for Halley's rotation state satisfies observational and dynamical constraints that apparently no SAM can satisfy. But it cannot reproduce the observed post perihelion brightening through seasonal illumination of localized sources on the nucleus, whereas a SAM can easily produce post or pre perihelion brightening by this mechanism. However, the likelihood of a LAM rotation for elongated nuclei of periodic comets such as Halley together with Halley's extreme post perihelion behavior far from the Sun suggest that Halley's post perihelion brightening may be due to effects other than seasonal illumination of localized sources, and therefore such brightening may not constrain its rotation state.

  4. Moringa oleifera Lam. improves lipid metabolism during adipogenic differentiation of human stem cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barbagallo, I; Vanella, L; Distefano, A; Nicolosi, D; Maravigna, A; Lazzarino, G; Di Rosa, M; Tibullo, D; Acquaviva, R; Li Volti, G

    2016-12-01

    Moringa oleifera Lam., a multipurpose tree, is used traditionally for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It has been used for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including inflammation, cancer and metabolic disorders. We investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. on adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and its impact on lipid metabolism and cellular antioxidant systems. We showed that Moringa oleifera Lam. treatment during adipogenic differentiation reduces inflammation, lipid accumulation and induces thermogenesis by activation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). In addition, Moringa oleifera Lam. induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a well established protective and antioxidant enzyme. Finally Moringa oleifera Lam. significantly decreases the expression of molecules involved in adipogenesis and upregulates the expression of mediators involved in thermogenesis and lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that Moringa oleifera Lam. may promote the brown remodeling of white adipose tissue inducing thermogenesis and improving metabolic homeostasis.

  5. Mutations that alter the transport function of the LamB protein in Escherichia coli.

    OpenAIRE

    Wandersman, C; Schwartz, M

    1982-01-01

    Some Escherichia coli K-12 lamB mutants, those producing reduced amounts of LamB protein (one-tenth the wild type amount), grow normally on dextrins but transport maltose when present at a concentration of 1 microM at about one-tenth the normal rate. lamB Dex- mutants were found as derivatives of these strains. These Dex- mutants are considerably impaired in the transport of maltose at low concentrations (below 10 microM), and they have a structurally altered LamB protein which is impaired in...

  6. Effect of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Extract on Physico-Chemical Properties of Emulsion-Type Pork Sausages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jin, Sang-Keun; Yang, Han-Sul; Choi, Jung-Seok

    2017-01-01

    This study was performed to investigate the effect of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. extract on the physicochemical properties of emulsion-type pork sausages during storage at 10°C for 4 wk. Treatments were as follows: (C, control; T1, sodium ascorbate 0.05%; T2, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.05%; T3, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.1%; T4, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.2%; T5, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.1% + sodium ascorbate 0.05%). The values of pH, moisture content, lightness, redness, and sensory attributes were all significantly decreased, while the yellowness, chroma, hue angle, and texture properties were increased during storage with increase of the Gleditsia sinensis Lam. extract added. In addition, the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity in the sausages displayed significant increases ( p <0.05). Therefore, although it was concluded that the addition of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. extract is not effective for improvement of the physical properties compared to chemical additives in sausages, it could be applied to meat products as a natural preservatives.

  7. Effect of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Extract on Physico-Chemical Properties of Emulsion-Type Pork Sausages

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jin, Sang-Keun; Yang, Han-Sul; Choi, Jung-Seok

    2017-01-01

    This study was performed to investigate the effect of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. extract on the physicochemical properties of emulsion-type pork sausages during storage at 10°C for 4 wk. Treatments were as follows: (C, control; T1, sodium ascorbate 0.05%; T2, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.05%; T3, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.1%; T4, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.2%; T5, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.1% + sodium ascorbate 0.05%). The values of pH, moisture content, lightness, redness, and sensory attributes were all significantly decreased, while the yellowness, chroma, hue angle, and texture properties were increased during storage with increase of the Gleditsia sinensis Lam. extract added. In addition, the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity in the sausages displayed significant increases (psausages, it could be applied to meat products as a natural preservatives. PMID:28515651

  8. Activity Report: "Escola de Cultura de Pau", the Laureate of the First Evens Prize for Peace Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delvou, Marjolein

    2011-01-01

    On March 18th 2011 an independent jury of experts convened in Antwerp, Belgium, to select the laureate of the first Evens Prize for Peace Education from a shortlist of eleven organizations from all over Europe. After a long day of intense discussions, the jury agreed unanimously to award the prize to the "Escola de Cultura de Pau"…

  9. Emergency contraceptive pills as a backup for lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) of contraception: a randomized controlled trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaaban, Omar M; Hassen, Shaimaa G; Nour, Sanna A; Kames, Mervat A; Yones, Entsar M

    2013-03-01

    The use of breastfeeding as a method of birth spacing occasionally ends in "unplanned pregnancy." This is due to unexpected expiration of one or more of the lactation amenorrhea method (LAM) prerequisites. The current study tests a new concept that the in-advance provision of single packet of progestogen emergency contraception (EC) pills during the postpartum LAM counseling may decrease the incidence of unplanned pregnancy during breastfeeding. This was a registered two-armed randomized controlled trial (NCT 01111929). Women intending to breastfeed and to postpone pregnancy for 1 year or more were approached. They received adequate postpartum contraceptive counseling. Women intending to use LAM were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The LAM-only group received the proper LAM counseling and did not receive counseling about EC. The LAM-EC group received counseling for both LAM and EC with in-advance provision of one packet of EC pills. They were advised to use these pills if one of the prerequisites of LAM expires and sexual relation has occurred before the initiation of another regular contraceptive protection. All the participants were advised that they need to use another regular method upon expiration of any of the LAM prerequisites. Eligible women were 1158 parturients randomized into two equal groups. Forty-four percent of the women provided with EC used them. Significantly more women in the LAM-EC group initiated regular contraception within or shortly after the first 6 months postpartum when compared with those in the LAM-only group (30.5% vs. 7.3%, respectively; p=.0004). Pregnancy occurred in 5% of the LAM-only group as compared with 0.8% in the LAM-EC group (p=.005). Minimal side effects were reported after EC use. In-advance provision of EC pills can increase the rate of initiation of regular contraception once one or more of the prerequisites of LAM expire. Consequently, the use of EC pills as a temporary backup of LAM can decrease the incidence

  10. Effects of nutrient omission in Caesalpinia echinata plants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Valiengo Valeri

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the morphological alterations and the mineral composition of brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata plants caused by mineral nutrients omission in a green house experiment. The experimental units were distributed in the green house according to a completely random design. The treatments, each repeated five times, were the following : check (natural soil, complete (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn and a complete solution but for the omission of one of the nutrients in parenthesis. Each plot was represented by a plant growing in a 7 dm3 vase filled with Quartzarenic Neosol. The analyzed variables were the following: visual nutritional deficiency symptoms, plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, stem, branches and leaves included, and leaf nutrients level. The omission of nitrogen limited plant growth in height and shoot biomass production. The first visual deficiency symptoms were those due to N omission followed by those caused by P, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, and Mn omissions. Later on the K and B deficiency symptoms became visible. The omission of a nutrient always caused its level in the leaves to be significantly lower than that found when it was not omitted.

  11. Overview of Sustainability Studies of CNC Machining and LAM of Stainless Steel

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nyamekye, Patricia; Leino, Maija; Piili, Heidi; Salminen, Antti

    Laser additive manufacturing (LAM), known also as 3D printing, is a powder bed fusion (PBF) type of additive manufacturing (AM) technology used to fabricate metal parts out of metal powder. The development of the technology from building prototype parts to functional parts has increased remarkably in 2000s. LAM of metals is promising technology that offers new opportunities to manufacturing and to resource efficiency. However, there is only few published articles about its sustainability. Aim in this study was to create supply chain model of LAM and CNC machining and create a methodology to carry out a life cycle inventory (LCI) data collection for these techniques. The methodology of the study was literature review and scenario modeling. The acquisition of raw material, production phase and transportations were used as basis of comparison. The modelled scenarios were fictitious and created for industries, like aviation and healthcare that often require swift delivery as well as customized parts. The results of this study showed that the use of LAM offers a possibility to reduce downtime in supply chains of spare parts and reduce part inventory more effectively than CNC machining. Also the gap between customers and business is possible to be shortened with LAM thus offering a possibility to reduce emissions due to less transportation. The results also indicated weight reduction possibility with LAM due to optimized part geometry which allow lesser amount of metallic powder to be used in making parts.

  12. Hepatoprotective activity of Eugenia jambolana Lam. in carbon tetrachloride treated rats

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sisodia, S.S.; Bhatnagar, M.

    2009-01-01

    Objective: To estimate the hepatoprotective effects of the methanolic seed extract of Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae), in Wistar albino rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Materials and Methods: Liver damage in rats treated with CCl4 (1ml/kg/Bw, administered subcutaneously, on alternate days for one week) was studied by assessing parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and bilirubin (total and direct). The effect of co-administration of Eugenia jambolana Lam. (doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p. o.) on the above parameters was investigated. These biochemical observations were supplemented by weight and histological examination of liver sections. Liv.52® was used as positive control. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA, followed by Scheff's/Dunnett's test. Results: Administration of Eugenia jambolana Lam. (doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p. o.) significantly prevented carbon tetrachloride induced elevation of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, ACP and bilirubin (total and direct) level. Histological examination of the liver section revealed hepatic regeneration, after administration of various doses of Eugenia jambolana Lam. The results were comparable to that of Liv.52®. Conclusion: The study suggests preventive action of Eugenia jambolana Lam. in carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity. Hepatic cell regeneration process was dose dependent. PMID:20177577

  13. Solutions of several coupled discrete models in terms of Lamé ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The models discussed are: coupled Salerno model,; coupled Ablowitz–Ladik model,; coupled 4 model and; coupled 6 model. In all these cases we show that the coefficients of the Lamé polynomials are such that the Lamé polynomials can be re-expressed in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of the relevant Jacobi elliptic ...

  14. Predictive and prognostic properties of TB-LAM among HIV-positive patients initiating ART in Johannesburg, South Africa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    d'Elia, Alexander; Evans, Denise; McNamara, Lynne; Berhanu, Rebecca; Sanne, Ian; Lönnermark, Elisabet

    2015-01-01

    While the diagnostic properties of the TB LAM urine assay (LAM) have been well-described, little is known about its predictive and prognostic properties at ART initiation in a routine clinic setting. We describe the predictive and prognostic properties of LAM in HIV-positive patients initiating ART at an urban hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Retrospective study of HIV-positive adults (>18 years) who initiated standard first-line ART between February 2012 and April 2013 and had a LAM test at initiation. In HIV-positive patients with no known TB at ART initiation, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity and positive/negative likelihood ratios of LAM to predict incident TB within 6 months of ART initiation. In addition, in patients with a TB diagnosis and on TB treatment ART initiation, we measured the CD4 response at 6 months on ART. Of the 274 patients without TB at ART initiation, 65% were female with median CD4 count of 213 cells/mm(3). Among the 14 (5.1%) patients who developed active TB, none were urine LAM +ve at baseline. LAM had poor sensitivity (0.0% 95% CI 0.00-23.2) to predict incident TB within 6 months of initiation. We analyzed 22 patients with a confirmed TB diagnosis at initiation separately. Of these, LAM +ve patients (27%) showed lower CD4 gains compared to LAM negative patients (median increase 103 vs 199 cells/mm(3); p = 0.08). LAM has limited value for accurately predicting incident TB in patients with higher CD4 counts after ART initiation. LAM may help identify TB/HIV co-infected patients at ART initiation who respond more slowly to treatment and require targeted interventions to improve treatment outcomes. Larger studies with longer patient follow-up are needed.

  15. Therapeutic options for lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): where we are and where we are going

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steagall, Wendy K; Moss, Joel

    2009-01-01

    Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a multisystem disease affecting predominantly premenopausal and middle-aged women, causes progressive respiratory failure due to cystic lung destruction and is associated with lymphatic and kidney tumors. In the past, the treatment of LAM comprised exclusively anti-estrogen and related hormonal therapies. These treatments, however, have not been proven effective. In this article, we discuss new findings regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of LAM cell growth, which may offer opportunities to develop effective and targeted therapeutic agents. PMID:20948684

  16. LAM-1 and FAT Genes Control Development of the Leaf Blade in Nicotiana sylvestris.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McHale, NA

    1993-01-01

    Leaf primordia of the lam-1 mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris grow normally in length but remain bladeless throughout development. The blade initiation site is established at the normal time and position in lam-1 primordia. Anticlinal divisions proceed normally in the outer L1 and L2 layers, but the inner L3 cells fail to establish the periclinal divisions that normally generate the middle mesophyll core. The lam-1 mutation also blocks formation of blade mesophyll from distal L2 cells. This suggests that LAM-1 controls a common step in initiation of blade tissue from the L2 and L3 lineage of the primordium. Another recessive mutation (fat) was isolated in N. sylvestris that induces abnormal periclinal divisions in the mesophyll during blade initiation and expansion. This generates a blade approximately twice its normal thickness by doubling the number of mesophyll cell layers from four to approximately eight. Presumably, the fat mutation defines a negative regulator involved in repression of periclinal divisions in the blade. The lam-1 fat double mutant shows radial proliferation of mesophyll cells at the blade initiation site. This produces a highly disorganized, club-shaped blade that appears to represent an additive effect of the lam-1 and fat mutations on blade founder cells. PMID:12271096

  17. Morphology and pollen viability of Lolium multiflorum Lam. Morfologia e viabilidade polínica de Lolium multiflorum Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata de Castro Nunes

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Study and characterization of pollen grains are essential for different areas, especially taxonomy, genetic improvement, phylogeny, and paleobotany. As yet, there are no reports on pollen morphology of genotypes of naturalized Lolium multiflorum Lam., introduced cultivars or breeding populations, diploid or polyploid. Ten genotypes of annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum were evaluated for the viability of pollen grains using propionic carmine and Alexander's stains, while morphology was assessed by the acetolysis technique. Measures of polar axis (P, equatorial diameter (E, exine thickness, and analysis of pollen grains were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM. All genotypes showed high rate of pollen viability (> 89% for both stains. There were differences between genotypes in the following quantitative traits: polar axis, equatorial diameter, exine, endexine, ektexine, and P/E ratio. Pollen grains were characterized as small, monoporates, with circular and non-prominent apertures. In addition to helping distinction of pollen grains, morphometric differences can be used later to compare ploidy levels, thus assisting in breeding programs of the species.O estudo e a caracterização do grão de pólen são fundamentais para diferentes áreas, em especial, para a taxonomia, o melhoramento genético, a filogenia e a paleobotânica. Para genótipos de Lolium multiflorum Lam., naturalizados no Brasil, cultivares introduzidas ou populações de melhoramento, diploides e poliploides, não existem relatos sobre a caracterização morfopolínica. Nesse trabalho foram analisados dez gentótipos de azevém anual (L. multiflorum. A viabilidade dos grãos de pólen foi verificada por coloração com os corantes carmim propiônico e Alexander e a morfologia por meio da técnica de acetólise, sendo obtidas medidas do eixo polar (P, do diâmetro equatorial (E, e da espessura da exina, e análise dos grãos de pólen por microscopia eletrônica de

  18. SynLam(TM) Primary Mirror Evaluation, Phase I

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG), has developed sandwich core composite material (SynLam(TM)) and related fabrication technology to address the drawbacks of...

  19. The Hydractinia echinata Test-System. III: Structure-Toxicity Relationship Study of Some Azo-, Azo-Anilide, and Diazonium Salt Derivatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergiu Adrian Chicu

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Structure-toxicity relationships for a series of 75 azo and azo-anilide dyes and five diazonium salts were developed using Hydractinia echinata (H. echinata as model species. In addition, based on these relationships, predictions for 58 other azo-dyes were made. The experimental results showed that the measured effectiveness Mlog(1/MRC50 does not depend on the number of azo groups or the ones corresponding to metobolites, but it is influenced by the number of anilide groups, as well as by the substituents’ positions within molecules. The conformational analysis pointed out the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, especially the simple tautomerization of quinoidic (STOH or aminoidic (STNH2 type. The effectiveness is strongly influenced by the “push-pull” electronic effect, specific to two hydroxy or amino groups separated by an azo moiety (double alternate tautomery, (DAT, to the –COOH or –SO3H groups which are located in ortho or para position with respect to the azo group. The levels of the lipophylic/hydrophilic, electronic and steric equilibriums, pointed out by the Mlog(1/MRC50 values, enabled the calculation of their average values Clog(1/MRC50 (“Köln model”, characteristic to one derivative class (class isotoxicity. The azo group reduction and the hydrolysis of the amido/peptidic group are two concurrent enzymatic reactions, which occur with different reaction rates and mechanisms. The products of the partial biodegradation are aromatic amines. No additive or synergic effects are noticed among them.

  20. Decreased expression of LamB and Odp1 complex is crucial for antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Xiang-min; Yang, Man-jun; Li, Hui; Wang, Chao; Peng, Xuan-Xian

    2014-02-26

    We previously revealed a negative regulation of LamB in chlortetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli strain. In the present study, we first showed that the negative regulation, which was characterized by decreased abundance of LamB with elevated growth of its gene-deleted mutant in medium with antibiotics, was a general response in resistance to different classes of antibiotics using 2-DE based proteomics or/and genetically gene-deletion mutant of LamB. Then, we revealed the interaction of LamB and Odp1 which catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2, and found the decrease of the complex in antibiotic-resistant strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration dose-dependent manner. Further spectrofluorometry assay indicated that LamB served as a porin to influx an antibiotic. Finally, we showed that the decreased expression of LamB and Odp1 was detected in almost of all 34 multidrug-resistant strains, which suggested that LamB and Odp1 were biomarkers for identification of antibiotic-resistant E. coli. Our results indicated that the interaction of an outer membrane protein with an energy metabolic enzyme constructed an efficient pathway to resist antibiotics. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Our data indicate that the negative regulation by LamB is widely detected in antibiotic-resistant E. coli. LamB serves as a porin to influx an antibiotic and is interacted with Odp1. The complex decreases in antibiotic-resistant strains with a MIC dose-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that interaction of outer membrane protein with energy metabolic enzyme constructs an efficient pathway to resist antibiotics and provides novel insights into the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Hipanto e tubo estaminal em Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)

    OpenAIRE

    Dias, Marilda C.; Castro, Marília de M.; Kinoshita, Luiza S.; Semir, João

    1998-01-01

    (Hipanto e tubo estaminal em Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)). Observou-se, em corte longitudinal de flores de cinco espécies de Xylopia, um anel lenhoso ao redor dos carpelos e sobre ele, inserido de forma espiralada, o conjunto de estames e estaminódios. Para elucidar a natureza desta estrutura, foi realizado um estudo anatômico em flores adultas de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., particularmente da vascularização desde a base do receptáculo até os estames, estaminódios e carpel...

  2. Retention Rates, Graduates, and LAM-Series Completers for the Legal Assistant Management Program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamilton, John

    In February 1996, Gainesville College, in Georgia, conducted a study of students in its Legal Assistant Management (LAM) Program to determine retention rates, numbers of graduates, and course pass rates. Retention and graduation rates were calculated for 175 students who enrolled in at least one LAM course from spring 1991 to fall 1995. In…

  3. Moringa oleifera extract (Lam) attenuates Aluminium phosphide-induced acute cardiac toxicity in rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gouda, Ahmed S; El-Nabarawy, Nagla A; Ibrahim, Samah F

    2018-01-01

    Moringa oleifera extract (Lam) has many antioxidant and protective properties. Objective: to investigate the antioxidant activities of Lam in counteracting the high oxidative stress caused by acute sub-lethal aluminium phosphide (AlP) intoxication in rat heart. These activities will be detected by histopathological examination and some oxidative stress biomarkers. a single sub-lethal dose of Alp (2 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, and Lam was given orally at a dose (100 mg/kg body weight) one hour after receiving AlP to rats. aluminium phosphide caused significant cardiac histopathological changes with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA); lipid peroxidation marker; and a significant depletion of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione reductase). However, treatment with Lam protected efficiently the cardiac tissue of intoxicated rats by increasing antioxidants levels with slight decreasing in MDA production compared to untreated group. This study suggested that Moringa oleifera extract could possibly restore the altered cardiac histopathology and some antioxidant power in AlP intoxicated rats, and it could even be used as adjuvant therapy against AlP-induced cardiotoxicity.

  4. Nicosulfuron Biodegradation by a Novel Cold-Adapted Strain Oceanisphaera psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Shan; Song, Jinlong; Dong, Weiwei; Mu, Yingchun; Zhang, Qi; Fan, Ziwen; Wang, Yanwei; Kong, Delong; Zhou, Yiqing; Jiang, Xu; Zhao, Bin; Han, Gang; Ruan, Zhiyong

    2017-11-29

    Nicosulfuron is a common environmental pollutant, posing a great threat to aquatic systems and causing significant damage to crops. This study reported a cold-adapted strain Oceanisphaera psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC, which efficiently degrades nicosulfuron over a wide range of temperatures (5 to 40 °C). The Box-Behnken design method was used to optimize the degradation conditions. O. psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC can degrade 92.4% and 74.6% of initially supplemented 100 mg/L nicosulfuron under the optimum and low temperature of 18.1 and 5 °C, respectively, within 7 days. O. psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC was found to be highly efficient in degrading cinosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, rimsulfuron, bensulfuron methyl, and ethametsulfuron methyl. Metabolites from nicosulfuron degradation were identified by UPLC-MS, and a possible degradation pathway was proposed. Furthermore, O. psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC can also degrade nicosulfuron in soil; 78.6% and 67.4% of the initial nicosulfuron supplemented at 50 mg/kg were removed at 18.1 and 5 °C, respectively, within 15 days.

  5. Entomofauna associada a reflorestamentos experimentais no município de Pau d'Arco, Pará Entomofauna associated with experimental reforestation in Pau d'Arco, Pará

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Mehl Lunz

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência de insetos em reflorestamentos experimentais com paricá, Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Fabaceae; acácia, Racosperma mangium (Fabaceae e teca, Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae, na região de Pau d'Arco, PA, associando os efeitos sazonais e ontogenéticos nos plantios. O estudo foi conduzido entre os meses de maio de 2006 a junho de 2007 e constou de levantamentos mensais de insetos associados a plantios com idades de três a 16 meses. Houve associação positiva entre a ocorrência de insetos e suas respectivas injúrias com a sazonalidade e o desenvolvimento das plantas. Ao menos um pico populacional de insetos desfolhadores, sugadores e/ou polinizadores foi observado nas três espécies florestais. A análise de agrupamento confirmou a associação entre ocorrência de insetos, período chuvoso e idade da planta, destacando-se (a lepidópteros em T. grandis, (b coleópteros desfolhadores em S. parahyba; (c acridídeos e lepidópteros em R. mangium; (d cicadelídeos em S. parahyba e T. grandis; e (e apídeos em R. mangium.This study aimed to verify the occurrence of insects in experimental reforestation with Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Fabaceae known as paricá, Racosperma mangium (Fabaceae known as acacia and Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae known as teca in the region of Pau d'Arco, Pará State, Brazil associating the seasonal and ontogenetic effects in plantations. The study was conducted from May 2006 to June 2007 and consisted of monthly surveys of insects associated with plantations aging 3 to 16 months. There was a positive association between the occurrence of insects and their injuries with seasonality and plant development. At least one population peak of defoliators, sucking and / or pollinators were observed in three tree species. Cluster analysis confirmed the association between the occurrence of insects, rainy season and plant age, especially (a lepidopteran in T. grandis, (b

  6. Animal Models of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    Abstract Animal models of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are highly desired to enable detailed investigation of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Multiple rats and mice have been generated in which a mutation similar to that occurring in TSC patients is present in an allele of Tsc1 or Tsc2. Unfortunately, these mice do not develop pathologic lesions that match those seen in LAM or TSC. However, these Tsc rodent models have been useful in confirming the two-hit model of tumor development in TSC, and in providing systems in which therapeutic trials (e.g., rapamycin) can be performed. In addition, conditional alleles of both Tsc1 and Tsc2 have provided the opportunity to target loss of these genes to specific tissues and organs, to probe the in vivo function of these genes, and attempt to generate better models. Efforts to generate an authentic LAM model are impeded by a lack of understanding of the cell of origin of this process. However, ongoing studies provide hope that such a model will be generated in the coming years. PMID:20235887

  7. Pollen grain morphology of Fabaceae in the Special Protection Area (SPA) Pau-de-Fruta, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luz, Cynthia F P da; Maki, Erica S; Horák-Terra, Ingrid; Vidal-Torrado, Pablo; Mendonça Filho, Carlos Victor

    2013-01-01

    The presented paper considered the pollen morphology of thirteen species belonging to seven genera of the Fabaceae family occurring in the Pau-de-Fruta Special Protection Area (SPA), Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The pollen grains of six species of Chamaecrista [C. cathartica (Mart.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, C. debilis Vogel, C. flexuosa (L.) Greene, C. hedysaroides (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, C. glandulosa (L.) Greene, and C. papillata H.S. Irwin & Barneby] have a similar morphology, characterized by three long colporated apertures with a central constriction. The species share specific morphological features regarding pollen size, endoaperture type (circular, lalongate or lolongate) and SEM ornamentation patterns of the exine (rugulate with perforations or perforate). Andira fraxinifolia Benth., Dalbergia miscolobium Benth, Galactia martii DC, Periandra mediterranea (Vell.) Taub., Senna rugosa (G.Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby and Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers showed different pollen types in small to large size; oblate spheroidal to prolate form; colpus or colporus apertures; circular, lalongate or lolongate endoapertures and distinctive SEM ornamentation patterns of the exine (perforate, microreticulate, reticulate or rugulate with perforations). Only Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville presents polyads. The pollen morphology variation of these species allowed the Fabaceae family to be characterized as eurypalynous in the SPA Pau-de-Fruta.

  8. Når TV-kokken ofrer lam

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Leer, Jonatan

    2014-01-01

    programmet Jamie’s Italian Escape (Channel 4, 2006) og det franske madprogram Le Chef en France (M6, 2012) med kokken Cyril Lignac. De to analyseeksempler har det til fælles, at det i begge tilfælde er lam, der slås ihjel og tilberedes. I artiklen analyseres, hvordan slagtningerne i disse madprogrammer...

  9. Genetic Structuration, Demography and Evolutionary History of Mycobacterium tuberculosis LAM9 Sublineage in the Americas as Two Distinct Subpopulations Revealed by Bayesian Analyses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reynaud, Yann; Millet, Julie; Rastogi, Nalin

    2015-01-01

    Tuberculosis (TB) remains broadly present in the Americas despite intense global efforts for its control and elimination. Starting from a large dataset comprising spoligotyping (n = 21183 isolates) and 12-loci MIRU-VNTRs data (n = 4022 isolates) from a total of 31 countries of the Americas (data extracted from the SITVIT2 database), this study aimed to get an overview of lineages circulating in the Americas. A total of 17119 (80.8%) strains belonged to the Euro-American lineage 4, among which the most predominant genotypic family belonged to the Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) lineage (n = 6386, 30.1% of strains). By combining classical phylogenetic analyses and Bayesian approaches, this study revealed for the first time a clear genetic structuration of LAM9 sublineage into two subpopulations named LAM9C1 and LAM9C2, with distinct genetic characteristics. LAM9C1 was predominant in Chile, Colombia and USA, while LAM9C2 was predominant in Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe and French Guiana. Globally, LAM9C2 was characterized by higher allelic richness as compared to LAM9C1 isolates. Moreover, LAM9C2 sublineage appeared to expand close to twenty times more than LAM9C1 and showed older traces of expansion. Interestingly, a significant proportion of LAM9C2 isolates presented typical signature of ancestral LAM-RDRio MIRU-VNTR type (224226153321). Further studies based on Whole Genome Sequencing of LAM strains will provide the needed resolution to decipher the biogeographical structure and evolutionary history of this successful family. PMID:26517715

  10. DESCOMPOSICIÓN Y LIBERACIÓN DE NITRÓGENO Y MATERIA ORGÁNICA EN HOJAS DE Leucaena leucocephala (Lam. de Wit, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Y Moringa oleifera Lam. EN UN BANCO MIXTO DE FORRAJE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judith Petit-Aldana

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron las tasas de descomposición, la liberación de N y MO en hojas de Leucaena leucocephala (Lam. de Wit, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. y Moringa oleifera Lam. en un banco mixto de forraje en Yucatán, México, en las épocas de lluvias y sequía, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Se llenaron 120 bolsas con hojas frescas de las especies colectadas, y se colocaron en cada unidad experimental. Se evaluaron tres periodos de incubación para cada tratamiento: cuatro, ocho, y 16 semanas por cada época. A finales del experimento se observó que el proceso de descomposición fue más rápido en la temporada de lluvias. La pérdida de peso y la liberación de N y MO fueron más aceleradas en M. oleifera en monocultivo y en la asociación L. leucocephala con M. oleifera. Los patrones de descomposición de todas las especies siguieron el modelo exponencial simple, con más del 80 % de la masa inicial incorporada al final del periodo de estudio. Se concluye que L. leucocephala, G. ulmifolia y M. oleifera en monocultivo y asociadas, demostraron su capacidad para producir considerables cantidades de materia orgánica y liberar importantes cantidades de N en cortos periodos.

  11. Brazil - An Allied Country? (A Brazilian Approach).

    Science.gov (United States)

    1988-03-30

    expelled the undesirable elements of their society and subsequently returned to Portugal with their ships full of "Pau- Brasil " (1) and enslaved indians...development can be measured in cycles that correspond to predominance of a certain product: cycles of topau- brasil ". sugar cane, cattle raising and coffee...Agostini, Novara, copyright para lingua portuguesa Editora Delta S.A., Sdo Paulo, 1973. 9. " Energia Nuclear A For4a do Futuro". NogticJ.’[. do

  12. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Air dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera LAM)

    OpenAIRE

    Rizkayanti, Rizkayanti; Diah, Anang Wahid M; Jura, Minarni Rama

    2017-01-01

    Moringa (moringa oleifera Lam) leaves contains many molecules as inhibitors for free radicals such as phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, lignans, stilbenes, tannins), nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, amines, betalain), vitamins, terpenoids (including carotenoids), and several other endogenous metabolites as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potency of water and ethanol extracts of moringa (moringa oleifera Lam) leave obtained by macera...

  13. Phytonutrient analysis of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. berries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Litchi tomato) is grown ornamentally, and in Europe it is used as a trap crop for management of the potato cyst nematode (PCN). Its berries are edible, but little is known about their nutritional content. If more was known about their nutritional value this could provid...

  14. Lam. Urb. (Bombacaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrízia De Oliveira Alvino

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this paper was to analyze the effect of different substrata in the germination of Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam. Urb. (Bombacaceae. The experiment was conducted in delineation randomized with three treatments (substratum and four repetitions of 25 seeds. The following substrata had been tested: sand + vermiculite (1:1; vermiculite and, sand + shavings (1:1. The effect of substrata through the percentage of germination of the seeds, average time of germination and index of germination speed (IGS were evaluated. There had been significant difference between the treatments in of all the observed variable. The seeds, when conditioned in vermiculite, had presented the biggest tax of germination, greatest speed and lowest germination time.

  15. Kinetics of solute leachate from imbibing Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood seeds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nestor Martini Neto

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available The electrical conductivity of leachates from imbibing seeds has been used as a vigor test for several species. The adaptation of this methodology to different species requires knowledge on the leaching kinetics of electrolytes. For Brazilwood seeds, the classic method was not satisfactory and rapid tests are essential because they have low storage capacity at room temperature. Leaching kinetics during seed imbibition is a function of physiological quality, presence or absence of seed coat, imbibing temperature and the initial moisture content of seed. In this study, the electrolyte leaching rate of six different categories of seeds, from two regions, was evaluated in seeds with and without seed coat and incubated with different moisture contents and at different temperatures. The results showed that the electrolyte leaching rate in Brazilwood seeds is independent of the physiological quality, the presence or absence of seed coat and imbibition temperature, but these factors changed the total amount of electrolytes leached. The leaching rate increased in the first few minutes of imbibition, suggesting that the adjustment of the methodology must consider the reduction in imbibition time, reduction in temperature, use of a controlled and slower pre-imbibition, and replacement of the imbibition solution after the first few minutes.

  16. Incremental Yield of Including Determine-TB LAM Assay in Diagnostic Algorithms for Hospitalized and Ambulatory HIV-Positive Patients in Kenya.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huerga, Helena; Ferlazzo, Gabriella; Bevilacqua, Paolo; Kirubi, Beatrice; Ardizzoni, Elisa; Wanjala, Stephen; Sitienei, Joseph; Bonnet, Maryline

    2017-01-01

    Determine-TB LAM assay is a urine point-of-care test useful for TB diagnosis in HIV-positive patients. We assessed the incremental diagnostic yield of adding LAM to algorithms based on clinical signs, sputum smear-microscopy, chest X-ray and Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-positive patients with symptoms of pulmonary TB (PTB). Prospective observational cohort of ambulatory (either severely ill or CD4<200cells/μl or with Body Mass Index<17Kg/m2) and hospitalized symptomatic HIV-positive adults in Kenya. Incremental diagnostic yield of adding LAM was the difference in the proportion of confirmed TB patients (positive Xpert or MTB culture) diagnosed by the algorithm with LAM compared to the algorithm without LAM. The multivariable mortality model was adjusted for age, sex, clinical severity, BMI, CD4, ART initiation, LAM result and TB confirmation. Among 474 patients included, 44.1% were severely ill, 69.6% had CD4<200cells/μl, 59.9% had initiated ART, 23.2% could not produce sputum. LAM, smear-microscopy, Xpert and culture in sputum were positive in 39.0% (185/474), 21.6% (76/352), 29.1% (102/350) and 39.7% (92/232) of the patients tested, respectively. Of 156 patients with confirmed TB, 65.4% were LAM positive. Of those classified as non-TB, 84.0% were LAM negative. Adding LAM increased the diagnostic yield of the algorithms by 36.6%, from 47.4% (95%CI:39.4-55.6) to 84.0% (95%CI:77.3-89.4%), when using clinical signs and X-ray; by 19.9%, from 62.2% (95%CI:54.1-69.8) to 82.1% (95%CI:75.1-87.7), when using clinical signs and microscopy; and by 13.4%, from 74.4% (95%CI:66.8-81.0) to 87.8% (95%CI:81.6-92.5), when using clinical signs and Xpert. LAM positive patients had an increased risk of 2-months mortality (aOR:2.7; 95%CI:1.5-4.9). LAM should be included in TB diagnostic algorithms in parallel to microscopy or Xpert request for HIV-positive patients either ambulatory (severely ill or CD4<200cells/μl) or hospitalized. LAM allows same day treatment initiation in patients at

  17. Propagação vegetativa do pau-jacaré (piptadenia gonoacantha (MART. MACBR. por estaquia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William Hernández

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia para a propagação vegetativa do pau-jacaré (Piptadenia gonoacantha por meio da técnica de estaquia, avaliando-se a sobrevivência e capacidade produtiva das cepas em coletas sucessivas de estacas em jardim clonal e a sobrevivência, enraizamento, altura, vigor e biomassa radicular e foliar das estacas, em função da aplicação de diferentes dosagens (0, 2.000 e 6.000 mg L-1 do regulador de crescimento ácido indolbutírico (AIB, do tipo de substrato (vermiculita e composto orgânico Mecplant® e da posição das estacas (apical, intermediária e basal. Os melhores resultados foram evidenciados com as estacas apicais, utilizando o composto orgânico como substrato; no entanto, nas intermediárias e basais, a aplicação de AIB, na concentração de 6.000 mg L-1, foi a que mostrou valores médios mais elevados nas características avaliadas, em casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e pleno sol. A sobrevivência das cepas foi de 100%, tendo a produção de brotações com tendência crescente nas sucessivas coletas. Conclui-se que a propagação vegetativa do pau-jacaré, pela técnica de estaquia com propágulos oriundos de mudas produzidas por sementes, foi tecnicamente viável, principalmente quando se utilizaram estacas apicais ou intermediárias e basais, aplicando 6.000 mg L-1 de AIB e composto orgânico como substrato.

  18. Genetic diversity of Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack. in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack. from Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Chongqing City and. Guangxi Zhuang autonomous Region in China. 10 primer combinations were carried out on 180 different individuals ...

  19. Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Acacia nilotica Lam ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Erah

    that had maximum bactericidal activity against all the tested isolates, but showed < 30 % host cell cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The lysate of Acacia nilotica ... cytotoxic effects on human cells. EXPERIMENTAL. Plant material. Acacia nilotica Lam .... a detergent that permeabilizes eukaryotic cells and results in HBMEC damage.

  20. Genetic diversity of Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Inter-simple sequence repeats markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack. from Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Chongqing City and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China. 100 primers were carried out on 22 wild populations, 14 could produce highly ...

  1. Stochasticity in the Expression of LamB and its Affect on λ phage Infection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chapman, Emily; Wu, Xiao-Lun

    2006-03-01

    λ phage binds to E. Coli's lamB protein and injects its DNA into the cell. The phage quickly replicates and after a latent period the bacteria bursts, emitting mature phages. We developed a mathematical model based on the known physical events that occur when a λ phage infects an E.Coli cell. The results of these models predict that the bacteria and phage populations become extinct unless the parameters of the model are very finely tuned, which is untrue in the nature. The lamB protein is part of the maltose regulon and can be repressed to minimal levels when grown in the absence of inducer. Therefore, a cell that is not expressing any lamB protein at that moment is resistant against phage infection. We studied the dynamic relationship between λ phage and E. Coli when the concentration of phage greatly outnumbers the concentration of bacteria. We study how the stochasticity of the expression of lamB affects the percentage of cells that the λ phage infects. We show that even in the case when the maltose regulon is fully induced a percentage of cells continue to persist against phage infection.

  2. Export-defective lamB protein is a target for translational control caused by ompC porin overexpression.

    OpenAIRE

    Click, E M; Schnaitman, C A

    1989-01-01

    Overexpression of OmpC protein from an inducible plasmid vector reduced the amount of the precursor form of LamB protein in LamB signal sequence mutants. The stability of the precursor form of LamB protein was not affected, indicating that the effect of OmpC overexpression was on the synthesis of the precursor rather than on degradation. These results indicate that a functional signal sequence is not required on an outer membrane protein for it to be a target for translational control.

  3. Hypotensive Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) Root ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Purpose: To explore the hypotensive activity and chemical composition of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) roots. Methods: The fresh roots of M. oleifera was cut into small pieces and successively extracted with petroleum ether (PE) and dichloromethane (DC). PE extract was further divided into MRP and MRP -1.

  4. Chemical constituents of Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart. J.F. Macbr (pau jacaré

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mário G. de Carvalho

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available The phytochemical investigation of Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart. J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, commonly known as "pau jacaré" (alligator stick, afforded sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, the N-benzoylphenylalanine-2-benzoylamide-3-phenylpropyl ester, known as asperphenamate, sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, besides three flavonoids, apigenin, 5-O-methylapigenin and 7,4'-dihydroxy-3',5-dimethoxyflavone from its branches. From its leaves, the methyl gallate and two flavonoids, vitexin and isovitexin, were isolated. From its bark, a mixture of sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol, besides a mixture of cycloartenone, cycloartan-25-en-3-one, and 24-methylene-cycloartenone, and the pure triterpenes 24-methylenecycloartanol, friedelin, lupeol and lupenone, were isolated. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral analysis, comparison with literature data and GC-MS analysis of the mixtures. The ester, flavonoids and the cycloartanes are been identified for first time in the genus Piptadenia.O estudo fitoquímico de galhos de Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart. J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, comumente conhecida como "pau jacaré", forneceu sitosterol, estigmasterol, o éster N-benzoilfenilalaninato de 2-N-benzoil-3-fenilpropila, conhecido como asperfenamato, 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosil-sitosterol, além de três flavonóides, apigenina (5,7,4'-triidroxiflavona, apigenina-5-O-metil éter e 7,4'-dihidroxi-3' , 5-dimetoxiflavona. Das folhas isolaram-se galato de metila e dois flavonóides, 8-C-glicopiranosil-5,7,4' -trihidroxiflavona e 6-C-glicopiranosil-5,7,4'-trihidroxiflavona, conhecidas como vitexina e isovitexina. Das cascas desta planta isolaram-se uma mistura de sitosterol, campesterol e estigmasterol; mistura de cicloartenona, cicloartan-25,26-en-3-ona e 24-metileno-cicloartanona, além dos triterpenos, 24-metilenocicloartenol, fridelina, lupeol e lupenona. As estruturas foram estabelecidas através de análise de

  5. Rad-hard Location and Attitude Module (R-LAM), Phase I

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — R-LAM (Rad-hard Location and Attitude Module), promises a new generation of both integrated navigation modules and stand-alone navigation subsystems including...

  6. Active principle from Moringa oleifera Lam leaves effective against ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Active principle from Moringa oleifera Lam leaves effective against two leukemias and a hepatocarcinoma. Mutasim M. Khalafalla, Eltayb Abdellatef, Hussain Mohammed Dafalla, Amr A. Nassrallah, Khalid M. Aboul-Enein, David A. Lightfoot, Fadl E. El-Deeb, Hany A. El-Shemy ...

  7. Measurement of Elliptic Llow in p+Au Collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV Using the PHENIX Detector at RHIC

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koblesky, Theodore E.

    The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a hot and dense state of matter in which quarks are not confined inside hadrons, is thought to be the same as the matter comprising the entire universe approximately one microsecond after the Big Bang. In Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Pb+Pb collisions at √ SNN = 2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), QGP has been discovered to have unique properties, such as its opacity to color charges and the fact that it behaves like a near-perfect fluid. Collective behavior in the form of a substantial elliptical azimuthal anisotropy ( v2) in the momentum distribution of final state particles has been observed, indicating a strongly-coupled, hydrodynamically flowing medium. Recently, features of collectivity have been detected in high-multiplicity, small collision systems thought to be too small to produce the QGP, such as 3He+Au and d+Au at √SNN = 200 GeV, p+Pb at √SNN = 5 TeV, and in p+p = 13 TeV events. In order to constrain models seeking to describe this phenomena, collision systems with distinct initial collision geometries were run at RHIC: 3He+Au for triangular geometry, d+Au for elliptical geometry, and p+Au for circular geometry. Together with coauthors, in a theory paper published in 2014, we proposed the suite of measurements at RHIC of the three collision systems. This thesis is the completion of that set of three measurements, by measuring v2 in the p+Au system. This thesis gives details on the analysis techniques used to make the measurement including the quality assurance of the data, the optimization of the midrapidity charged hadron cuts, and the event plane angle calibration. Special attention is given to correcting the systematic effects produced by the beam alignment unique to the p+Au dataset in order to make the v2 measurement with sufficient precision. Comparisons of v2 in the three collision systems and various theoretical models are made and it appears to

  8. REGISTROS RECENTES SOBRE A EXPANSÃO URBANA E A ESPECULAÇÃO IMOBILIÁRIA DA/NA CIDADE DE PAU DOS FERROS-RN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lediane Leite Praxedes

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available O processo de expansão urbana na cidade de Pau dos Ferros-RN está ocorrendo de forma bastante acelerada e seletiva. Percebe-se que esse crescimento urbano está ocorrendo tão rápido que o Estado não consegue disponibilizar infraestrutura suficiente para atender as novas instalações implantadas. Mesmo vivenciado um crescimento econômico e espacial, a cidade de Pau dos Ferros ainda guarda marcas do seu processo de (repovoamento, como uma concentração fundiária marcante e práticas políticas arcaicas. Este quadro é favorecido pela centralidade urbana da cidade e sua dinamicidade econômica em relação às cidades que as circundam. O resultado dessa ação é a abertura de loteamentos na periferia da cidade, drenagem de terrenos ou aterros para construção de casas e instalação de comércios. Para tanto, esse trabalho buscou estudar a configuração atual da dinâmica intra-urbana de Pau dos Ferros a partir do fenômeno de especulação imobiliária que vem contribuindo de sobremaneira na organização espacial da cidade. Utilizou-se como metodologia a leitura e discussão de textos e documentos teóricos e técnicos, busca de informações em órgãos públicos e privados. Essa especulação se deu rápida e desordenada, mediante as práticas espaciais de seletividade e antecipação espacial, distribuição desigual dos recursos públicos e privados, valorização exagerada do solo urbano e ocupações irregulares sem acompanhamento de políticas que visem sua organização e regulamentação.

  9. Aproveitamento dos subprodutos da extra??o do ?leo do pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) para a obten??o de bioprodutos

    OpenAIRE

    Cust?dio, Dayana Lacerda

    2013-01-01

    A fam?lia Lauraceae destaca-se por apresentar esp?cies com grande import?ncia econ?mica, dentre elas Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, utilizada na extra??o de ?leo essencial. Seu ?leo essencial ? formado majoritariamente por linalol, utilizado como fixador na perfumaria. Os subprodutos da extra??o do pau-rosa s?o geralmente empregados como fonte de energia para o aquecimento das caldeiras nas pr?prias usinas. Estes subprodutos cont?m subst?ncias com grande potencial de aproveitamento como biopro...

  10. Nutritional characterization of Moringa ( Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam. moringaceae) is a highly valued plant that is mostly cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. It is used for food, medication and industrial purposes. The objective of the study was to assess the nutritional value of Moringa leaves of the South African ecotype. Proximate and Van Soest methods ...

  11. (Chlorophyta) biomass production using Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Chlorella sorokiniana Shih. et Krauss, a unicellular green alga was assayed to assess its to promotion potentials response of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. C. sorokiniana grown in 200 ml aliquots of modified basal medium for two weeks: was treated with the aqueous and ethanolic extracts at ...

  12. extracts of senna siamea (lam) on pseudomonas aeruginosa

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DR. AMINU

    2009-05-30

    May 30, 2009 ... psedomonal potential of the leaves of Senna siamea Lam leaf may be due to the phytochemical compounds present in the leaf extracts, which were found to be tannins, saponnins and steroids. However aqueous extract proved to be a more suitable candidate for use in the treatment of diseases cause by ...

  13. ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLIEFERA. LAM

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rao, K.N. Venkataswera; Gopalakrishnan, V.; Loganathan, V.; Nathan, S. Shanmuganathan

    1999-01-01

    The aqueous and ethanolic (90%) extract of the leaves of M.Oliera Lam (Fam: Moringaceae) were studied for their anti inflammatory action in ale albino rats. Two extracts exhibited maximum action within two hours of challenge. The aqueous extract sowed significant (P<0.01) odema suppression similar to that of Ibuprofen at the first hour of carrageenan injection. The results confirms the folkers claim of the plant. PMID:22556890

  14. Interaction of human laminin receptor with Sup35, the [PSI⁺] prion-forming protein from S. cerevisiae: a yeast model for studies of LamR interactions with amyloidogenic proteins.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christine Pampeno

    Full Text Available The laminin receptor (LamR is a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix laminin, whereas the same protein within the cell interacts with ribosomes, nuclear proteins and cytoskeletal fibers. LamR has been shown to be a receptor for several bacteria and viruses. Furthermore, LamR interacts with both cellular and infectious forms of the prion protein, PrP(C and PrP(Sc. Indeed, LamR is a receptor for PrP(C. Whether LamR interacts with PrP(Sc exclusively in a capacity of the PrP receptor, or LamR specifically recognizes prion determinants of PrP(Sc, is unclear. In order to explore whether LamR has a propensity to interact with prions and amyloids, we examined LamR interaction with the yeast prion-forming protein, Sup35. Sup35 is a translation termination factor with no homology or functional relationship to PrP. Plasmids expressing LamR or LamR fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP were transformed into yeast strain variants differing by the presence or absence of the prion conformation of Sup35, respectively [PSI⁺] and [psi⁻]. Analyses by immunoprecipitation, centrifugal fractionation and fluorescent microscopy reveal interaction between LamR and Sup35 in [PSI⁺] strains. The presence of [PSI⁺] promotes LamR co-precipitation with Sup35 as well as LamR aggregation. In [PSI⁺] cells, LamR tagged with GFP or mCherry forms bright fluorescent aggregates that co-localize with visible [PSI⁺] foci. The yeast prion model will facilitate studying the interaction of LamR with amyloidogenic prions in a safe and easily manipulated system that may lead to a better understanding and treatment of amyloid diseases.

  15. Incremento anual do Pau-rosa (Aniba duckei Kostermans) Lauraceae, em floresta tropical úmida primária. ()

    OpenAIRE

    Alencar, Jurandyr da Cruz; Araujo, Vivaldo Campbell de

    1981-01-01

    Resumo Os autores analisam o incremento periódico anual do diâmetro (D.A.P.) de vinte árvores de "Pau-rosa" (Aniba duckei Kostermans) durante o período de 12,5 anos em floresta tropical primária na Reserva Ducke, na Amazônia Central. O incremento periódico anual variou de 0,16 cm a 0.74 cm/ano sendo a média 0.38 cm/ano. O incremento periódico médio, para as árvores tomadas em conjunto, cresce a partir de janeiro, época de chuvas, atinge o máximo em julho e decresce durante a estação seca. Tes...

  16. Anti-proliferative effect of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) leaf ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Purpose: To investigate the in vitro anti-proliferative effect and mechanism of action of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract on human colon carcinoma HCT116 cell line. Methods: M. oleifera leaves were extracted with methanol. It was fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Several fractions were identified ...

  17. Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam . showing inhibitory activity against ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is one of the many medicinal plants employed by herbalist to treat or manage people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in African Traditional Medicine (ATM) and there are many claims to the fact that it improves quality of life and reverses the course of the HIV/AIDS disease progression.

  18. WOOD ANATOMY OF SEVEN SPECIES KNOWN AS “PAU-PARA-TUDO” IN BRAZIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claúdia Luizon Dias Leme

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Different medicinal plant species can be sold under the same common name. Considering the importance of the correct identification, this study aims to separate, using wood anatomy, seven species popularly known as pau-para-tudo. The results show that Drimys brasiliensis is separated from the others by the presence of tracheids. Capsicodendron dinisii hhas scalariform perforation plates and oil cells associated with the axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma paratracheal vasicentric and in marginal bands beyond the rays’ width, can separate Osteophoeum platyspermum from Simaba cedron. Handroanthus serratifolius has the unique presence of the axial unilateral paratracheal parenchyma and storied cell elements (parenchyma, fibers and vessel elements. Rauvolfia sellowii and Leptolobium dasycarpum can be separated by the number of square/upright marginal ray cells, greater in Rauvolfia sellowii. Thus, this work shows that wood anatomy is a valuable tool for species separation, helps with the identification and consequently is important for the quality control of plant product.

  19. A Sacrificial Lam: A Divided School Board, a Beleaguered Superintendent, and an Urgent Need to Improve Student Achievement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fossey, Richard

    2011-01-01

    This case describes the confrontational relationship between four trustees on the San Antonio School Board and the San Antonio School District's superintendent Diana Lam, a nationally recognized school reformer, who came to San Antonio in 1994. The case includes a dramatic board meeting where a closely divided board meets to buy out Lam's…

  20. The de Bono LAMS Sequence Series: Template Designs as Knowledge-Mobilising Strategy for 21st Century Higher Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dobozy, Eva

    2012-01-01

    In this paper, the five interlocking de Bono LAMS sequences are introduced as a new form of generic template designs. This transdisciplinary knowledge-mobilising strategy is based on Edward de Bono's attention-directing ideas and thinking skills, commonly known as the CoRT tools. The development of the de Bono LAMS sequence series is an important…

  1. Linfangioleimiomatose pulmonar - LAM. Um caso de associação de LAM e angiomiolipoma renal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Mendonça

    1997-09-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Relatase o caso clínico de uma jovem mulber, que é submetida a uma nefrectomia radical por volumoso tumor à direita, tendo verificado tratarse dum angiomiolipoma. Até então sem qualquer queixa, sinal ou sintoma do foro respiratório. No decurso do pós-operatório, fez complicação aparatosa no contexto da qual foi identificado um pneumotorax espontâneo bilateral. Após a alta hospitalar, foram observados e registados vários episódios de pneumotorax espontâneo, unilateral. A partir do episodio inicial desenvolve, lenta e progressivamente, um quadro clínico de dispneia. Apresenta-se a evolução clínica e alguns parâmetros caracterizadores das alterações funcionais respiratórias, ao longo de seis anos, bem como a documentação de TAC-HR do tórax e histológica, que permitiram fundamentar o diagnóstico desta associação de entidades raras. SUMMARY: We present the case report of a young woman submited to a radical nefrectomy of the right kidney due to the presence of a large tumor diagnosed as an angiomyolipoma. Until such time no respiratory signs and symptoms were referred. Complications during post-op led to the identification of a bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax. After being released from the hospital the patient returned several times due to unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax. After the first of these episodes she developed slowly progressive dyspnea. We present the clinical evolution and respiratory function parameters for a six year follow-up as well as thoracic HR-CT scan documentation and histologic studies that permit the diagnosis of these associated and rare entities. Palavras chave: Linfangioleirniomatose pulmonar - LAM, angiomiolipoma, pneumotorax espontâneo bilateral, : Key -words, Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis - LAM, angiomyolipoma, Bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces

  2. Coagulation of some humic acid solutions by Moringa oleifera lam seeds: effect on chlorine requirement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.M. Bawa

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Experiments were carried out to study humic acid solutions and surface waters coagulation by Moringa oleifera Lam seeds aqueous extract. High amounts of such extract (up to 10 g/L were required to clarify humic acid solutions whereas 0.5 g/L were used to remove 90% of initial turbidity of a surface water. The treatment of water with low turbidity (Moringa oleifera Lam seeds extract released a high amount of organic compounds in treated solutions leading to a high chlorine requirement.

  3. INTEGRATING LMSs IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS:Greek Teachers’ Initial Perceptions about LAMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Spyros PAPADAKIS,

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available E-learning with the use of Learning Management Systems, has been increasingly adopted in Primary, Secondary and Higher Education with the expectation to increase students’ motivation and infuse activity-centred learning strategies with various educational benefits. This study has investigated the initial perceptions of Greek teachers about the integration of LAMS, a Learning Activity Management System, in the educational praxis. Through a multifaceted research method, involving a small scale participatory action research, the research team attempted to investigate the preconditions required to integrate LAMS in the everyday lesson. Two tutorial workshops were organized with the participation of 46 educators from geographically diverse urban areas, from K-12 to Tertiary Education. Results indicated that teachers have developed a positive attitude towards LAMS and the use of collaborative online tools during the educational process. Although teachers have certain objections on integrating LMSs, which stem mainly from the current status of the Greek educational system, they accept relative advantages of integrating online collaborative approaches over the traditional face-to-face approach. Well-organized and carefully implemented tutorial workshops can spark teachers’ interest and bring about change in the educational process. Small scale interventions such as these can prove to foster dialogue among teachers of various backgrounds and set the foundations to create online communities of practice for innovative teachers.

  4. Evaluation of sanitary impact of urban air pollution. Agglomeration of Pau impact at short and long term; Evaluation de l'impact sanitaire de la pollution atmospherique urbaine. Agglomeration de Pau impact a cour et long terme

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2006-07-01

    A health impact assessment of air pollution based on the I.n.V.S. guidelines has been conducted in Pau according to the regional Plan for the quality of air in the region of Aquitaine. Short-term effects of pollutants on morbidity (hospital admissions in 2002) and mortality (deaths in 2001) have been estimated. Long-term effect on mortality was also assessed. This study is based on the four standardised steps of health risk assessment. It has been carried out in twenty-nine cities homogeneously exposed, belonging to Pau agglomeration, i.e. a study population of about 150,000 inhabitants. Atmospheric pollution indicators analysed are ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particles having diameter below 10 {mu}m. Short-term impact of atmospheric pollution has been estimated in term of mortality (total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality) and on hospital intakes (for respiratory, cardiovascular and cardiac reasons) attributable to air pollution. Long term impact was also assessed by the number of deaths due to atmospheric pollution. In 2001, the atmospheric pollution has directly been responsible in the studied area for 17 anticipated deaths, including 7 for cardiovascular reason and 2 for respiratory reason. Concerning morbidity, it generated 20 hospital admissions for cardiovascular reason in 2002, 11 for cardiac reason, and 7 for respiratory reason among elderly people. Regarding long-term health gains, an annually decrease according to the European standards levels of 2010 could allow avoiding 12 deaths per year, and a decrease by 30% of the pollutants could allow avoiding 33 premature deaths per year. This study shows that, even if the relative risks associated to air pollution are quite low, the number of attributable cases is non negligible since everyone is exposed to air pollution. It also shows that a policy of atmospheric pollution reduction only based on not exceeding the standard levels would not have the expected benefits on the public health point of view

  5. BOAS PRÁTICAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MEL NA MICRORREGIÃO DE PAU DOS FERROS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Henrique de Assis Silva

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available As Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF e as Boas Práticas Apícolas abrangem um conjunto de medidas que devem ser adotadas pelas unidades de extração do mel a fim de garantir a qualidade sanitária e aconformidade do produto. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar pesquisas na microrregião de Pau dos Ferros, sobre Processo do mel desde a colheita até seu envase. O levantamento foi feito em quatro cidades da região com visitas a apicultores, que foram submetidos a perguntas relacionadas ao modo de colheita do mel e seu processamento. As pesquisas mostram que, a apicultura na região esta evoluindo, mas precisa de melhorias. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Mel, BPF, BPA, pesquisa.

  6. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF THE LEAF EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pal, Saroj K.; Mukherjee, Pulok K.; Saha, Kakali; Pal, M.; Saha, B.P.

    1995-01-01

    The ethnolic extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Fam. Moringaceae) was tested for antimicrobial activities against Gram Positive – Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea: Gram negative – Escherichia coli and Acid fast Mycobacterium phlei. Significant antimicrobial activity of the extract was found in this study. PMID:22556699

  7. Avaliação rebrota da copa das árvores de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke em sistema de podas sucessivas Evaluation of resprouting of rosewood tree (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke crowns in sucessive prunings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo de Tarso B. Sampaio

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available O estudo foi conduzido em um plantio de pau-rosa com 36 anos, localizado na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus-AM, Brasil, latitude 03º00' 00 "e 03º08'00" S e longitude 59º52'40 "e 59º58'00" W. Foi determinada a biomassa da rebrota da copa das árvores de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, Lauraceae, podadas duas vezes (em 2000 e 2002 e das árvores podadas três vezes (em 1987, 2000 e 20002. Os resultados não indicaram diferenças significativas entre o DAP, altura total, número de brotos/fuste, comprimento e diâmetro dos brotos e peso verde da copa das árvores podadas duas ou três vezes. Os coeficientes de regressão e de correlação de Pearson indicaram que a biomassa da copa das árvores podadas pela terceira vez está fortemente correlacionada com a radiação PAR direta, PAR difusa, PAR total e o índice de área foliar. O elevado número de brotos/fuste revelou boa capacidade da rebrota da copa após sucessivas podas, fato que possibilita o manejo da biomassa das árvores através de podas.This study was carried out in a rosewood plantation (36 years-old located in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, latitude 03º00' 00 " to 03º08'00" S and longitude 59º52'40 " to 59º58'00" W. The biomass of sprouts was determined from twice pruned (2000 and 2002 rosewood ( Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, Lauraceae tree crowns, and from those harvested three times (1987, 2000 and 2002. The results show that there are no significant differences in biomass productions between trees harvested two or tree times for the following parameters: DBH, total height, number of sprouts per bole, sprout length and diameter, and fresh canopy fresh weight. The regression and Pearson correlation coefficients showed that crown biomass from the third pruning was strongly correlated with direct PAR, diffuse PAR and total PAR and LAI (leaf area index. The high number of sprouts per bole reveals the crown's resprouting capacity after successive

  8. Moringa olifeira Lam. Stimulates Activation of the Insulin-Dependent Akt Pathway. Antidiabetic Effect in a Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) Mouse Model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Attakpa, E S; Sangaré, M M; Béhanzin, G J; Ategbo, J-M; Seri, B; Khan, N A

    2017-01-01

    We investigated the antidiabetic effect of Moringa olifeira Lam. in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Six mice were randomly selected as normal controls. Moringa olifeira Lam. leaf extract at a dose of 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg body weight, glibenclamide (Glib) at the dose of 10 mg/kg (positive control) and distilled water at 10 ml/kg (control group) were administered orally by gastric intubation, and each group consisted of six mice. Insulinsensitive tissues (liver, skeletal muscle) were collected to investigate antidiabetic effects and examine the plant's molecular mechanisms. Moringa olifeira Lam. leaf extract prevented weight gain. It also reduced blood glucose in DIO mice. Glib and Moringa olifeira Lam. leaf extract, 400 mg/kg, treatments restored insulin levels towards normal values (P < 0.05 versus diabetic control group). Western immunoblot analysis of different tissues, collected at the end of the study, demonstrated that Moringa olifeira Lam. stimulated activation of the insulin-dependent Akt pathway and increased the protein content of Glut 4 in skeletal muscle. The improvement of hepatic steatosis observed in DIO-treated mice was associated with a decrease in the hepatic content of SREBP-1, a transcription factor involved in de novo lipogenesis. The hepatic PPARα protein content in the plant extract- treated mice remained significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence for direct action of Moringa olifeira Lam. on pancreatic β-cells, enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This correlated with hypoglycaemic effects in diabetic mice associated with restored levels of plasma insulin.

  9. Five-year efficacy and safety of tenofovir-based salvage therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B who previously failed LAM/ADV therapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lim, Lucy; Thompson, Alexander; Patterson, Scott; George, Jacob; Strasser, Simone; Lee, Alice; Sievert, William; Nicoll, Amanda; Desmond, Paul; Roberts, Stuart; Marion, Kaye; Bowden, Scott; Locarnini, Stephen; Angus, Peter

    2017-06-01

    Multidrug-resistant HBV continues to be an important clinical problem. The TDF-109 study demonstrated that TDF±LAM is an effective salvage therapy through 96 weeks for LAM-resistant patients who previously failed ADV add-on or switch therapy. We evaluated the 5-year efficacy and safety outcomes in patients receiving long-term TDF±LAM in the TDF-109 study. A total of 59 patients completed the first phase of the TDF-109 study and 54/59 were rolled over into a long-term prospective open-label study of TDF±LAM 300 mg daily. Results are reported at the end of year 5 of treatment. At year 5, 75% (45/59) had achieved viral suppression by intent-to-treat analysis. Per-protocol assessment revealed 83% (45/54) were HBV DNA undetectable. Nine patients remained HBV DNA detectable, however 8/9 had very low HBV DNA levels (<264IU/mL) and did not meet virological criteria for virological breakthrough (VBT). One patient experienced VBT, but this was in the setting of documented non-compliance. The response was independent of baseline LAM therapy or mutations conferring ADV resistance. Four patients discontinued TDF, one patient was lost to follow-up and one died from hepatocellular carcinoma. Long-term TDF treatment appears to be safe and effective in patients with prior failure of LAM and a suboptimal response to ADV therapy. These findings confirm that TDF has a high genetic barrier to resistance is active against multidrug-resistant HBV, and should be the preferred oral anti-HBV agent in CHB patients who fail treatment with LAM and ADV. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  10. Ano Brasil. Brasil ?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Jatahy Pesavento

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available 2005, Ano Brasil na França. E, para assinalar a data, o prestigioso Grand Palais de Paris abriga Brésil indien, uma exposição que se propõe a combater os clichês. Perguntaria o visitante, curioso: clichês sobre o Brasil?  Não, sobre os povos indígenas, que hoje correspondem a 0,3% da população brasileira, informa o primeiro cartaz explicativo já desde o início do percurso. Uma exposição que se anuncia para dar a ver e sentir uma experiência estética construída como visão de mundo, complement...

  11. Evaluation of the process of coagulation/flocculation of produced water using Moringa oleifera Lam. as natural coagulant

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santana, C.R.; Pereira, D.F.; Sousa, S.C S N.; Silva, G.F. [Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFSE), Sao Cristovao, SE (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Quimica], e-mail: claudia@ufs.br; Cavalcanti, E.B. [Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT), SE (Brazil). Inst. de Tecnologia e Pesquisa

    2010-07-15

    In the lifetime of an oil well, there comes a moment when a lot of water begins to be produced along with oil, either by the conditions of the reservoir, or as a result of water injection in the secondary recovery of the well. An important step in such process involves the treatment of the produced water by means of coagulation techniques. Therefore, the use of environmentally correct coagulants is presented as a viable alternative and has demonstrated advantages over the use of chemical coagulants. The plant of the genus Moringa, whose species is oleifera Lam, stands out as one of the most promising natural coagulants. The present study investigated the evaluation of the coagulation/flocculation of produced water, using seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. as coagulant. The results were very significant, demonstrating that Moringa oleifera Lam. can be used as a natural coagulant in this type of treatment. (author)

  12. Effect of Moringa oleifera lam . leaves powder on the evolution of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) leaves have exceptional nutritional qualities and they are used against malnutrition in Africa and Asia. The deficiency corrected by M. oleifera leaves powder administration into daily meal of HIV positive and negative patients has been determined during 14 weeks nutritional recovery by ...

  13. Lamé Parameter Estimation from Static Displacement Field Measurements in the Framework of Nonlinear Inverse Problems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hubmer, Simon; Sherina, Ekaterina; Neubauer, Andreas

    2018-01-01

    . The main result of this paper is the verification of a nonlinearity condition in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space context. This condition guarantees convergence of iterative regularization methods. Furthermore, numerical examples for recovery of the Lam´e parameters from displacement data simulating......We consider a problem of quantitative static elastography, the estimation of the Lam´e parameters from internal displacement field data. This problem is formulated as a nonlinear operator equation. To solve this equation, we investigate the Landweber iteration both analytically and numerically...... a static elastography experiment are presented....

  14. Effets des aliments contenant les folioles de Moringa oleifera Lam et ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    zootechniques et économiques) et à la qualité de la viande des lapins nourris aux aliments à base de folioles de Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) ou aux aliments commerciaux. Au total 144 lapereaux de race locale âgés de 35 à 40 jours dont 79 ...

  15. Agronomic and forage characteristics of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.

    OpenAIRE

    Manríquez-Mendoza, Leonor Yalid; López-Ortíz, Silvia; Pérez-Hernández, Ponciano; Ortega- Jiménez, Eusebio; López-Tecpoyotl, Zenón Gerardo; Villarruel-Fuentes, Manuel

    2011-01-01

    Native trees are an important source of forage for livestock, particularly in regions having prolonged dry periods. Some tree species have fast growth rates, good nutritional quality, and the ability to produce forage during dry periods when the need for forage is greater. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. is a tree native to tropical America that has a high forage potential. This species is mentioned in a number of studies assessing the forage potential of trees in a diverse array of environments and v...

  16. Khellin and visnagin, furanochromones from Amni visnaga (L.) Lam., as potential bioherbicides

    Science.gov (United States)

    Plants constitute a source of novel and structurally diverse phytotoxic compounds to be explored in searching for effective and environmentally safe herbicides. From screening nearly 2400 plant extracts for their phytotoxicity, a dichloromethane extract of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. was selected for fur...

  17. Spectroscopic Studies of the Chan-Lam Amination: A Mechanism-Inspired Solution to Boronic Ester Reactivity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vantourout, Julien C; Miras, Haralampos N; Isidro-Llobet, Albert; Sproules, Stephen; Watson, Allan J B

    2017-04-05

    We report an investigation of the Chan-Lam amination reaction. A combination of spectroscopy, computational modeling, and crystallography has identified the structures of key intermediates and allowed a complete mechanistic description to be presented, including off-cycle inhibitory processes, the source of amine and organoboron reactivity issues, and the origin of competing oxidation/protodeboronation side reactions. Identification of key mechanistic events has allowed the development of a simple solution to these issues: manipulating Cu(I) → Cu(II) oxidation and exploiting three synergistic roles of boric acid has allowed the development of a general catalytic Chan-Lam amination, overcoming long-standing and unsolved amine and organoboron limitations of this valuable transformation.

  18. Analysis Of The Socioeconomic And Environmental Impacts Of Irrigated Agriculture In The Irrigated Perimeter Of Pau Dos Ferros (Rn

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Jobson Garcia de Almeida

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available The Brazilian Government implemented irrigated perimeters to ameliorate problems of drought and poverty in the Northeast. In this sense, the objective of this work was to analyze the social, economic and environmental impacts generated by the practice of irrigated agriculture in the municipality of Pau dos Ferros-RN, resulting from the impacts caused by the activity. Obtained references on the topic, on-site visits and interviews with producers of the perimeter. It was observed the presence of negative impacts in the area, such as waste, contamination and water salinisation, compaction and soil erosion, deforestation caused by the removal of the native vegetation, high consumption of energy and public health problems.

  19. Utility of urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in diagnosing tuberculosis and predicting mortality with and without HIV: prospective TB cohort from the Thailand Big City TB Research Network.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suwanpimolkul, Gompol; Kawkitinarong, Kamon; Manosuthi, Weerawat; Sophonphan, Jiratchaya; Gatechompol, Sivaporn; Ohata, Pirapon June; Ubolyam, Sasiwimol; Iampornsin, Thatri; Katerattanakul, Pairaj; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Ruxrungtham, Kiat

    2017-06-01

    To evaluate the applicability and accuracy of the urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test in tuberculosis (TB)/HIV co-infected patients and HIV-negative patients with disseminated TB. Frozen urine samples obtained at baseline from patients in the TB research cohort with proven culture-positive TB were selected for blinded urine LAM testing. One hundred and nine patients were categorized into four groups: (1) HIV-positive patients with TB; (2) HIV-negative patients with disseminated TB; (3) HIV-negative immunocompromised patients with TB; and (4) patients with diseases other than TB. The sensitivity of urine LAM testing for culture-positive TB, specificity of urine LAM testing for patients without TB, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were assessed. The sensitivity of the urine LAM test in group 1 patients with a CD4 T-cell count of >100, ≤100, and ≤50 cells/mm 3 was 38.5%, 40.6%, and 45%, respectively. The specificity and PPV of the urine LAM test were >80%. The sensitivity of the test was 20% in group 2 and 12.5% in group 3, and the specificity and PPV were 100% for both groups. A positive urine LAM test result was significantly associated with death. This promising diagnostic tool could increase the yield of TB diagnosis and may predict the mortality rate of TB infection, particularly in TB/HIV co-infected patients. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  20. Embryogenesis in sweet potato, Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sonnino, A.; Mini, P.

    1997-01-01

    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) ranks sixth among the cultivated crops of the world. In fact, it represents a major staple food in many tropical countries. Recently this crop has been proposed as a source of starch for industrial utilization. Somatic embryogenesis could prove useful as an alternative to traditional propagation by cuttings, which is labour intensive and can transmit diseases. Somatic embryos are reported to originate from single cells, so that, if regenerated from mutagenized tissues, should give rise to solid mutants. 2 refs

  1. Embryogenesis in sweet potato, Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sonnino, A; Mini, P [ENEA - Technological Innovation Dept., Sector of Biotechnology and Agriculture, Trisaia Research Center, Policoro (Italy)

    1997-12-01

    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) ranks sixth among the cultivated crops of the world. In fact, it represents a major staple food in many tropical countries. Recently this crop has been proposed as a source of starch for industrial utilization. Somatic embryogenesis could prove useful as an alternative to traditional propagation by cuttings, which is labour intensive and can transmit diseases. Somatic embryos are reported to originate from single cells, so that, if regenerated from mutagenized tissues, should give rise to solid mutants. 2 refs.

  2. Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. of Moraceae is a large evergreen tree with ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. of Moraceae is a large evergreen tree with milky latex. This species occurs wild and is also cultivated for its fruit, which is edible. Leaves are simple and dark green. The branchlets are covered with rust-brown hairs. Inflorescence is axillary. The female inflorescence is globose with individualjlowers ...

  3. Isolation and Characterization of Flovonoids from the Flowers of Butea Monosperma Lam (Pauk)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aye Aye Tun; Aye Mya Hlaing; Hnin Pwint Aung; Maung Maung Htay

    2004-05-01

    Four flavonoids, namely, butein (1), monospermoside (2), isobutrin (3) and butrin (4)were isolated from the dried flowers of Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze. The structures of compounds have been elucidated by UV, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy

  4. Resíduos madeireiros do alburno de pau-rainha (Brosimum rubescens: investigação de metabólitos secundários e alguns aspectos tecnológicos Residues of sapwood of "pau-rainha" (Brosimum rubescens: investigation of secondary metabolites and some technological aspects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Willian Hayasida

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudos fitoquímicos prévios com resíduos do cerne de pau-rainha (Brosimum rubescens, identificaram um alto teor de xantiletina, uma cumarina com potencial biológico. Dando prosseguimento aos estudos com serragens desta espécie, este estudo relata a densidade básica bem como o isolamento e identificação do triterpeno 3β-acetoxi-olean-12-eno-28-al e do β- sitosterol nos extratos hexânico e metanólico do alburno da planta. A estrutura do triterpeno foi determinada com base nos espectros de RMN em 1D (¹H e 13C e 2D (HSQC e HMBC além de comparação com dados da literatura. A densidade básica encontrada para o alburno foi de 0,58 g cm-3 que, embora seja inferior a do cerne, poderá ser utilizada na confecção de vários produtos, inclusive em técnicas de marchetaria.Previous phytochemical studies on residues of pau-rainha’s heartwood (Brosimum rubescens showed a high content of xanthyletin, a coumarin with biological potential. Continuing our studies with sawdust of this species, this work relates the basic density, isolation and identification of the triterpene 3β-acetoxy-olean-12-ene-28-al and β-sitosterol in n-hexane and MeOH extracts of the plant´s sapwood. The structure of the triterpene was determined on the basis of NMR spectra in 1D (¹H and 13C and 2D (HSQC and HMBC and comparison with literature data. The basic density found for sapwood was 0.58 g cm-3, that even so is inferior the one of heartwood, could be used in the confection of some products, also in marquetry techniques.

  5. Composite-particle emission in the reaction p+Au at 2.5 GeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Letourneau, A.; Bohm, A.; Galin, J.; Lott, B.; Peghaire, A. [Grand Accelerateur National d' Ions Lourds (GANIL), 14 - Caen (France); Enke, M.; Herbach, C.M.; Hilscher, D.; Jahnke, U.; Tishchenko, V. [Hahn Meitner Institute, Berlin (Germany); Filges, D.; Goldenbaum, F.; Neef, R.D.; Nunighoff, K.; Paul, N.; Sterzenbach, G. [Institut fur Kernphysik, Julich (Germany); Pienkowski, L. [Warsaw Universitaire, Heavy Ion Lab. (Poland); Toke, J.; Schroder, U. [Rochester, University, New York (United States)

    2002-06-01

    The emission of composite-particles is studied in the reaction p+Au at E{sub p} = 2.5 GeV, in addition to neutrons and protons. Most particle energy spectra feature an evaporation spectrum superimposed on an exponential high-energy, non-statistical component. Comparisons are first made with the predictions by a two-stage hybrid reaction model, where an intra-nuclear cascade (INC) simulation is followed by a statistical evaporation process. The high-energy proton component is identified as product of the fast pre-equilibrium INC, since it is rather well reproduced by the INCL2.0 intra-nuclear cascade calculations simulating the first reaction stage. The low-energy spectral components are well understood in terms of sequential particle evaporation from the hot nuclear target remnants of the fast INC. Evaporation is modeled using the statistical code GEMINI. Implementation of a simple coalescence model in the INC code can provide a reasonable description of the multiplicities of high-energy composite particles such as {sup 2-3}H and {sup 3}He. However, this is done at the expense of {sup 1}H which then fails to reproduce the experimental energy spectra. (authors)

  6. Antidiabetic Activity of Cocor Bebek Leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata Lam.Pers. Ethanolic Extract from Various Areas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Indah Dwiatmi Dewiyanti

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Antidiabetic activity of Cocor Bebek leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata Lam.Pers. ethanolic extract from Bogor city, kabupaten Bogor and south of Tangerang city has been studied. The study was conducted in vitro using α glucosidase inhibitor method. The results of the study showed that IC50 of the extract from Bogor city, kabupaten Bogor, and Tangerang Selatan city is 40.94 ppm, 33.58 ppm and 16.12 ppm respectively. Meanwhile, IC50 of quersetin which has antidiabetic activity is 10.22 ppm. The results showed that Cocor Bebek leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata Lam.Pers. ethanolic extract had antidiabetic activity with IC50 less than 100 ppm. However, the activity is lesser than quercetin.

  7. Other chemical constituents isolated from Solanum crinitum Lam. (Solanaceae)

    OpenAIRE

    Cornelius, Marli T. F.; Carvalho, Mário G. de; Silva, Tania M. S. da; Alves, Cassia C. F.; Siston, Ana P. N.; Alves, Kelly Z.; Sant'Anna, Carlos M. R.; Neto, Mario B.; Eberlin, Marcos N.; Braz-Filho, Raimundo

    2010-01-01

    The phytochemical investigation of Solanum crinitum Lam led to the isolation from the fruit trichomes of four flavonoids, tiliroside (1), astragalin (2), kaempferol (3), biochanin A-7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→5)-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), along with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12), and four cinnamic acid derivatives, cis- and trans- coumaric acids (10 and 11) and cis- and trans- ethyl coumarate (8 and 9). Three tri-glycosyl-steroidal alkaloids, solama...

  8. 78 FR 3319 - Amendments to Existing Validated End User Authorizations: Advanced Micro Devices China, Inc., Lam...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-16

    ...In this rule, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) amends the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) to revise the existing Authorization Validated End-User (VEU) listings for four VEUs in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Specifically, BIS amends Supplement No. 7 to part 748 of the EAR to update VEU Advanced Micro Devices China Inc.'s (AMD China) current list of eligible destinations. BIS also amends the authorization of VEU Lam Research Corporation (Lam) by updating the addresses of ten eligible destinations and reformatting the list of Lam's existing eligible destinations into groups associated with specific eligible items. BIS also updates the EAR to amend the addresses and lists of eligible items for VEUs SK hynix Semiconductor (China) Ltd. and SK hynix Semiconductor (Wuxi) Ltd. Finally, BIS amends Supplement No. 7 to part 748 of the EAR to include language reminding exporters that the language in the Supplement does not supersede other requirements in the EAR. These amendments to the authorizations of the named VEUs are not the result of activities of concern. The respective changes were prompted by factors arising from the companies' normal course of business or are being done at the request of the companies.

  9. One-step synthesis of highly-biocompatible spherical gold nanoparticles using Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit fruit extract and its effect on pathogens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nagaraj Basavegowda

    2015-02-01

    It can be concluded that the fruit of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. can be good source for synthesis of gold nanoparticles which showed antimicrobial activity against investigated microbes, in particul E. coli, and Streptobacillus. An important outcome of this study will be the development of value-added products from the medicinal plant Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. for the biomedical and nanotechnology-based industries.

  10. Identication of potivirus present in lulo (solanum quitoense lam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Vaca

    1999-07-01

    Full Text Available The Solanaceous fruit Solanum quitoense Lam, is originally from Andean región of South America. This fruit has commercial prospective. The Leaf Yellowing Disease in Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam was first described by Zuluaga in 1991. It causes economically losses and has been associated with a virus attack. The disease's symptoms included stunting, yellow streaking or mosaic patterns in leaves, often with a curling of the leaf margins. In order to diagnostic the presence of virus, we applied two different strategies. The first one consisted of a modified technique of RNA double strand isolation (Morris and Dodds, 1979. The second one consisted on applying RT-PCR system using specific "primers" designed to amplify cDNA fragments spaning the 3'-terminal part of the Nlb cistron and the 5'-terminal part of the potyvirus CP cistron (Langeveld et al 1991. By applying the modified method of Morris and Dodds, it was possible to observe characteristic bands of double strand RNA. Amplification with "primers" POT1 and POT2 yielded a fragment of about 1 Kpb, whose length was in agreement with the known sequences of potyvirus. Here we report by the first time a potyvirus presence in Lulo plants affected with leaf yellowing disease, identified by dsRNA analysis and RT-PCR procedure.

  11. Comment on 'Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS Meta-Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Neural Expression and Potential Nootropic Drug Targets' by Lam et al.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hill, W David

    2018-04-01

    Intelligence and educational attainment are strongly genetically correlated. This relationship can be exploited by Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS (MTAG) to add power to Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) of intelligence. MTAG allows the user to meta-analyze GWASs of different phenotypes, based on their genetic correlations, to identify association's specific to the trait of choice. An MTAG analysis using GWAS data sets on intelligence and education was conducted by Lam et al. (2017). Lam et al. (2017) reported 70 loci that they described as 'trait specific' to intelligence. This article examines whether the analysis conducted by Lam et al. (2017) has resulted in genetic information about a phenotype that is more similar to education than intelligence.

  12. Biochemical characterization of selected plant species from Brazilian Savannas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samantha Salomão Caramori

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to analyze and quantify the presence of antinutritional compounds such as lectins and trypsin-like inhibitors, polyphenols and tannins, and enzymatic activity of peroxidases and proteases in the seeds of Annona crassiflora Mart. (araticum, Hymenaea courbaril L. var. courbaril (jatobá, Plathymenia reticulata Benth. (vinhático, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (maminha de porca, Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. (pau jangada, Salacia crassiflora Mart G. Don. (bacupari, and Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. (carvoeiro. The results suggested that these plants could be used as new source of food.O Cerrado é constituído por inúmeras espécies vegetais com potencial econômico, as quais são utilizadas para os mais variados fins, como medicinal e nutricional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e quantificar a presença de atividade enzimática de peroxidases e proteases e fatores antinutricionais, como lectinas e inibidores de proteases, além de polifenóis e taninos em algumas espécies nativas do Cerrado. O material vegetal utilizado foram sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart. (araticum, Hymenaea courbaril L. var. courbaril (jatobá, Plathymenia reticulata Benth. (vinhático, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (maminha de porca, Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. (pau jangada, Salacia crassiflora (Mart. G. Don. (bacupari e Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. (carvoeiro, coletadas na cidade de Goiânia e municípios de Jataí e Caldas Novas, estado de Goiás. O uso potencial destas plantas e suas enzimas na indústria de alimentos, poderia resultar em aplicações ao aparecimento de novos produtos a partir das matérias-primas tradicionais, além do uso de novas fontes de alimentos.

  13. The LAM space active optics facility

    Science.gov (United States)

    Engel, C.; Ferrari, M.; Hugot, E.; Escolle, C.; Bonnefois, A.; Bernot, M.; Bret-Dibat, T.; Carlavan, M.; Falzon, F.; Fusco, T.; Laubier, D.; Liotard, A.; Michau, V.; Mugnier, L.

    2017-11-01

    The next generation of large lightweight space telescopes will require the use of active optics systems to enhance the performance and increase the spatial resolution. Since almost 10 years now, LAM, CNES, THALES and ONERA conjugate their experience and efforts for the development of space active optics through the validation of key technological building blocks: correcting devices, metrology components and control strategies. This article presents the work done so far on active correcting mirrors and wave front sensing, as well as all the facilities implemented. The last part of this paper focuses on the merging of the MADRAS and RASCASSE test-set up. This unique combination will provide to the active optics community an automated, flexible and versatile facility able to feed and characterise space active optics components.

  14. Lateral Flow Urine Lipoarabinomannan Assay (LF-LAM) for Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults: a Prospective Cohort Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Na Songkhla, Munjit; Tantipong, Hutsaya; Tongsai, Sasima; Angkasekwinai, Nasikarn

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Background Early diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-positive patients is challenging. Tests based on the detection of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen in urine have emerged as potential point-of-care tests for TB. However, limited data exists on their performance among HIV-TB co-infected patients from Southeast Asian countries. Methods We prospectively recruited HIV-positive adult patients with CD4 count less than or equal to 200/mm3 and symptoms suspected of active TB from two tertiary hospitals between December 2015 and March 2017. Freshly collected urine was applied to the Determine®-TB LAM Ag test strip (4 bands of graded intensity), using grade 1 cutoff. Diagnostic accuracy of urine LAM strip test were assessed against microbiological reference standard, defined as positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured from one or more clinical specimens (definite TB) or composite reference standard including definite TB and probable TB, defined as those have symptoms consistent with TB and response to anti-TB treatment. Results A total of 280 patients were enrolled. Of whom, 72 (25.7%) and 65 (23.2%) had definite and probable TB. Amongst those with definite TB, LF-LAM test gave a sensitivity of 75.0% (95% CI 63.9–83.6), specificity of 86.0% (95% CI 79.4–90.8) and accuracy of 82.3% (95% CI 76.7–86.8). When compared with the composite reference standard, the test yielded a lower sensitivity (61.3%, 95% CI 53.0–69.1) and accuracy (73.9%, 95% CI 68.5–78.7), with equal specificity. The test showed the highest sensitivity (90.5%, 95% CI 77.9–96.2) and accuracy (85.9%, 95% CI 79.2–90.7) but lower specificity (84.0%, 95% CI 75.6–89.9) in HIV-infected patients with CD4 count less than 50/mm3. The sensitivity of the combined LF-LAM or sputum microscopy was higher than that of either test alone (86.1% vs. 75.0%, 61.1%, respectively). Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was cultured in 7 out of 20 with false positive

  15. The output least-squares approach to estimating Lamé moduli

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gockenbach, Mark S.

    2007-12-01

    The Lamé moduli of a heterogeneous, isotropic, planar membrane can be estimated by observing the displacement of the membrane under a known edge traction, and choosing estimates of the moduli that best predict the observed displacement under a finite-element simulation. This algorithm converges to the exact moduli given pointwise measurements of the displacement on an increasingly fine mesh. The error estimates that prove this convergence also show the instability of the inverse problem.

  16. The NHLBI LAM Registry: Prognostic physiological and radiological biomarkers emerge from a 15-year prospective longitudinal analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gupta, Nishant; Lee, Hye-Seung; Ryu, Jay H; Taveira-DaSilva, Angelo M; Beck, Gerald J; Lee, Jar-Chi; McCarthy, Kevin; Finlay, Geraldine A; Brown, Kevin K; Ruoss, Stephen J; Avila, Nilo A; Moss, Joel; McCormack, Francis X

    2018-06-22

    The natural history of lymphangioleiomyomatosis is mainly derived from retrospective cohort analyses and remains incompletely understood. A National Institutes of Health LAM Registry was established to define the natural history and identify prognostic biomarkers that can help guide management and decision-making in patients with LAM. A linear mixed effects model was employed to compute the rate of decline of FEV1, and identify variables impacting FEV1 decline among 217 registry patients who enrolled from 1998-2001. Prognostic variables associated with progression to death/lung transplantation were identified using a Cox proportional hazard model. Mean annual decline of FEV1 was 89±53 ml/year, and remained remarkably constant regardless of baseline lung function. FEV1 decline was more rapid in those with greater cyst profusion on CT scan (p=0.02), and in premenopausal subjects (118ml/year) compared to postmenopausal subjects (74ml/year), (p=0.003). There were 26 deaths and 43 lung transplants during the evaluation period. Estimated 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year transplant-free survival rates were 95%, 85%, 75%, and 64%, respectively. Postmenopausal status (hazard ratio 0.30, p=0.0002) and higher baseline FEV1 (hazard ratio 0.97, p=0.008) or DLCO (hazard ratio 0.97, p=0.001) were independently associated with a lower risk of progression to death or lung transplantation. The median transplant-free survival in patients with LAM is greater than 20 years. Menopausal status as well as structural and physiological markers of disease severity significantly affect the rate of decline of FEV1 and progression to death or lung transplantation in LAM. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  17. Chemoselective N-arylation of aminobenzamides via copper catalysed Chan-Evans-Lam reactions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Shuai; Zu, Weisai; Zhang, Jinli; Xu, Liang

    2017-11-15

    Chemoselective N-arylation of unprotected aminobenzamides was achieved via Cu-catalysed Chan-Evans-Lam cross-coupling with aryl boronic acids for the first time. Simple copper catalysts enable the selective arylation of amino groups in ortho/meta/para-aminobenzamides under open-flask conditions. The reactions were scalable and compatible with a wide range of functional groups.

  18. Correlations between the anatomical traits of Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. in heartwood and sapwood of early- and latewood zones of growth rings

    OpenAIRE

    Jokanović Dušan; Vilotić Dragica; Mitrović Suzana; Miljković Danijela; Rebić Milan; Stanković Dragica; Nikolić Vesna

    2015-01-01

    This paper shows correlations between vessel characteristics and differences in growth-ring width in heartwood and sapwood. Analyzed samples were from an iron-wood tree (Gymnocladus canadensis Lam.) that grew in the Mužljanski Rit area, of the Srpska Crnja municipality in Serbia. According to previous research, it was deduced that Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. belongs to ring-porous species with big vessel lumen in the earlywood zone and thicker cell walls in...

  19. LamLum : a tool for evaluating the financial feasibility of laminated lumber plants

    Science.gov (United States)

    E.M. (Ted) Bilek; John F. Hunt

    2006-01-01

    A spreadsheet-based computer program called LamLum was created to analyze the economics of value- added laminated lumber manufacturing facilities. Such facilities manufacture laminations, typically from lower grades of structural lumber, then glue these laminations together to make various types of higher value laminated lumber products. This report provides the...

  20. Proteomic analysis and food-grade enzymes of Moringa oleifer Lam. a Lam. flower.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shi, Yanan; Wang, Xuefeng; Huang, Aixiang

    2018-08-01

    Moringa oleifer Lam. flower contain high-proteins and function nutrients. Many advances have been made to it, but there is still no proteomic information of this species. Total protein from the flowers applied shotgun 2DLC-MS/MS proteomic identified 9443 peptides corresponding to 4004 high-confidence proteins by Proteome Discoverer™ Software 2.1. These proteins were mostly distributed ranging between 40 and 70 kDa. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the largest of the proteins were cytoplasm 72.7%, catalytic activity 61.5% and macromolecule metabolism 43.7%, and KEGG analysis revealed that the largest group of 129 proteins was involved in Ribosome to directing protein synthesis (translation). Moreover, a number of commercially important food-grade enzymes were commented, 261 proteins were annotated as carbohydrate-active enzymes, 16 protease, 22 proteins are assigned to the citrate cycle, which the top proteins were assigned to GH family, cysteine synthase and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase. These enzymes indicated that is a new source with potential use for fermentation and brewing industry, fruit and vegetable storage and the development of function peptides. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential anti-inflammatory activity and melanogenesis inhibition of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. extracts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mahadeva Nayak

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. belongs to Moraceae family and is endemic to Western Ghats and Kerala in India. This species is found to be effective in traditional medicine for the treatment of ulcer diarrhea and pimples. However extensive biological evaluation on each component of this specific species rarely appears in the literature which restricts its applicability as medicinal herb. The leaf bark and wood of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. were separately extracted with hot ethanol. The wood extract was further fractionated to isolate major active molecule whose structure was determined from its NMR spectra and LCMS analysis. All the extracts of A. hirsutus Lam. were then studied in vitro to evaluate their potential on tyrosinase inhibition free radical scavenging activity by 11-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH method and oxygen radical absorbance capacity ORAC. Furthermore their effects on melanogenesis inhibition were also evaluated by using murine melanoma cells. Activity guided fractionation of wood extract yielded a pure molecule that was characterized as oxyresveratrol. It was observed that antioxidant activity was higher in wood extract compared to the leaf and bark extracts. Isolated pure oxyresveratrol exhibited a significant antioxidant potential with ORAC value of 366532570 mol Trolox equivalentg and having an IC50 of 4.3 gmL for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. This molecule was found to be effective for the tyrosinase inhibition with an IC50 of 0.1 gmL and melanogenesis inhibition in cultured melanoma cells by 44.62 at 0.2 gmL. Oxyresveratrol also exhibited significant inhibition of lipopolysaccharide LPS induced tumour necrosis factor alpha TNF-amp945 secretion from J774A1 murine macrophage cell lines. This study provides substantial evidence for the presence of oxyresveratrol in the wood of A. hirsutus Lam. with promising anti-inflammatory antioxidant and skin lightening property.

  2. MARCA BRASIL - FICÇÃO OU REALIDADE?: uma análise das iniciativas da APEX-Brasil para a construção da marca Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DANIELA MOTTA R. KHAUAJA

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Vivemos em uma economia global e é urgente que o Brasil, por meio de seus governantes e empresariado, busque a inserção nessa economia de forma mais efetiva. A marca-país pode ajudar na criação de uma forte identidade para o país, o que tende a colaborar com a venda de produtos oriundos desse país. O presente estudo se propõe a analisar como a marca Brasil foi construída e como ela tem sido explorada pelo governo brasileiro para ajudar na inserção de produtos nacionais no comércio internacional. Para tal, foi feita uma revisão da literatura, abordando conceitos relevantes e relativos ao marketing global, a produtos e marcas globais e à marca-país. Em seguida, explicitou-se o método do estudo e fez-se a análise da construção da marca Brasil e das iniciativas do governo brasileiro, mais especificamente da Agência de Promoção de Exportações do Brasil (Apex-Brasil, à construção da marca Brasil. A iniciativa da criação da marca Brasil, embora tardia, parece muito louvável, mas, por sua tímida utilização, a marca Brasil ainda parece mais ficção do que realidade.

  3. Las Webquest en la docencia universitaria: aprendizaje colaborativo con LAMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christina Holgado Sáez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Las WebQuest son un recurso didáctico basado en el aprendizaje constructivista y en la metodología colaborativa que está teniendo mucho éxito en las etapas de Infantil, Primaria y Secundaria. En el presente artículo pretendemos ofrecer una propuesta de utilización de este recurso en la etapa universitaria con LAMS -Sistema de Control de Actividades de Aprendizaje- a través de entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, como Moodle.

  4. [Case of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) discovered during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nakanishi, Mika; Okura, Nahomi; Kashii, Tomoko; Matsushita, Mitsuji; Mori, Masanobu; Yoshida, Masayo; Tsujimura, Shigehisa

    2014-02-01

    We experienced a case of scheduled cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in a patient with LAM which had been missed in spite of preoperative medical examination and consultation with specialists but discovered because of perioperative hypoxia A 35-year-old woman, Gravida 1 Para 0, with breech presentation was scheduled to undergo cesarean section under spinal anesthesia at 38 weeks of gestation. She had no history of asthma or abnormal findings at annual medical examination. She had suffered from dry cough and nocturnal dyspnea for 7 weeks and an inhaled bronchodilator was administered with diagnosis of inflammatory airway disease by her respiratory physicians. Spinal anesthesia was performed with bupivacaine 12.5 mg. At the beginning of anesthesia SPO2 was 97% in supine position, but it rapidly decreased to less than 90% and 3 l x min(-1) oxygen was supplied with a facial mask. The anesthetic level was thoracal 4 bilaterally and her breathing was stable. The circulatory state, Apgar score and other vital signs were within normal ranges. Postoperative chest X-ray showed bilateral numerous grained spots and computed tomography scans showed multiple thin-walled cysts. The characteristic history and the fluoroscopic data gave her clinical diagnosis of LAM.

  5. One-step synthesis of highly-biocompatible spherical gold nanoparticles using Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) fruit extract and its effect on pathogens.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Basavegowda, Nagaraj; Dhanya Kumar, Gowri; Tyliszczak, Bozena; Wzorek, Zbigniew; Sobczak-Kupiec, Agnieszka

    2015-01-01

    Novel approaches for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are of great importance due to its vast spectrum of applications in diverse fields, including medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Te presented study reports the successful AuNPs' synthesis using Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. extract, and provides detailed characterization and evaluation of its antibacterial potential. The aim was to develop a cost-effective and environmentally friendly synthesis method of gold nanoparticles using aqueous fruit extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. as a reducing and capping agent, which has proven activity against human pathogens, such as microbial species E.coli and Streptobacillus sps. Characterizations were carried out using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier-Transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM images showed the formation of gold nanoparticles with an average size of 20-25 nm. Spectra collected while infra-red analysis contained broad peaks in ranges from 4000-400 cm -1 . It can be concluded that the fruit of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. can be good source for synthesis of gold nanoparticles which showed antimicrobial activity against investigated microbes, in particul E. coli, and Streptobacillus. An important outcome of this study will be the development of value-added products from the medicinal plant Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. for the biomedical and nanotechnology-based industries.

  6. Neutral meson production in $p$-Be and $p$-Au collisions at 450 GeV beam energy

    CERN Document Server

    Agakichiev, G; Averbeck, R; Ballester, F; Baur, R; Brenschede, A; Díaz, J; Drees, A; Faschingbauer, U; Ferrero, J L; Fischer, P; Fraenkel, Zeev; Franke, M; Fuchs, C; Gatti, E; Glässel, P; Günzel, T F; Pérez de los Heros, C; Hess, F; Holzmann, R; Irmscher, D; Jacob, C; Kühn, W; Lenkeit, B C; Löhner, H; Marin, A; Marqués, F M; Martínez, G; Metag, V; Notheisen, M; Novotny, R; Olsen, L H; Ostendorf, R W; Panebratsev, Yu A; Pfeiffer, A; Ravinovich, I; Rehak, P; Sampietro, M; Schön, A; Schükraft, Jürgen; Schutz, Y; Shimansky, S S; Shor, A; Simon, R S; Specht, H J; Steiner, V; Tapprogge, Stefan; Tel-Zur, G; Tserruya, Itzhak; Ullrich, T S; Wilschut, H W; Wurm, J P; Yurevich, V I

    1998-01-01

    In a joint experiment the TAPS and CERES collaborations have studied the production of the neutral mesons $\\pi^{0}$, $\\eta$ and $\\omega$ in 450 GeV $p$-Be and $p$-Au collisions at the CERN SPS. The mesons were identified by their $\\pi^{0} \\rightarrow \\gamma\\gamma, \\eta \\rightarrow \\gamma\\gamma$, and $\\omega \\rightarrow \\pi^{0}\\gamma$ decay modes. The cross sections were measured down to very low $p_{T}$ ($\\geq$ 20 MeV/c) near mid-rapidity $(3.0

  7. Lawsonia inermis L. Syn. L. alba LamK. (Mehndi or Henna Hindi) of ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Lawsonia inermis L. Syn. L. alba. LamK. (Mehndi or Henna Hindi) of. Lythraceae is a small-sized and much branched tree which is largely cultivated and groomed in the form of hedges. Flowers are white or rose-coloured, fragrant and borne on pyramidal bunches. Fruits bear numerous seeds. Hair dye is prepared from the ...

  8. Purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lyu, Junchen; Liu, Yuan; An, Tianchen; Liu, Yujun; Wang, Manchuriga; Song, Yanting; Zheng, Feifei; Wu, Dan; Zhang, Yingxia; Deng, Shiming

    2015-05-01

    A proteinaceous inhibitor against trypsin was isolated from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. by successive ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange, and gel-filtration chromatography. The trypsin inhibitor, named as AHLTI (A. heterophyllus Lam. trypsin inhibitor), consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 28.5 kDa, which was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel-filtration chromatography. The N-terminal sequence of AHLTI was DEPPSELDAS, which showed no similarity to other known trypsin inhibitor sequence. AHLTI completely inhibited bovine trypsin at a molar ratio of 1:2 (AHLTI:trypsin) analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, inhibition activity assay, and gel-filtration chromatography. Moreover, kinetic enzymatic studies were carried out to understand the inhibition mechanism of AHLTI against trypsin. Results showed that AHLTI was a competitive inhibitor with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Ki) of 3.7 × 10(-8) M. However, AHLTI showed weak inhibitory activity toward chymotrypsin and elastase. AHLTI was stable over a broad range of pH 4-8 and temperature 20-80°C. The reduction agent, dithiothreitol, had no obvious effect on AHLTI. The trypsin inhibition assays of AHLTI toward digestive enzymes from insect pest guts in vitro demonstrated that AHLTI was effective against enzymes from Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen). These results suggested that AHLTI might be a novel trypsin inhibitor from A. heterophyllus Lam. belonging to Kunitz family, and play an important role in protecting from insect pest. © The Author 2015. Published by ABBS Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

  9. Flora e vegetação do Brasil na Carta de Caminha

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Filgueiras Tarciso S.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Apresenta-se uma análise dos termos referentes a plantas e a vegetação encontrados na Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha ao Rei D. Manoel, quando do descobrimento do Brasil ("Carta a El Rei D. Manoel". Tomou-se como ponto de partida a versão da Carta publicada por Rubem Braga. Nesse texto, foram numeradas todas as linhas (1 a 1013 que em seguida foram examinadas minuciosamente, a procura de referências diretas ou indiretas a plantas ou suas associações. A carta de Caminha apresenta 118 menções a plantas ou associações de plantas. Desse total, 18 termos são repetidos de duas a 22 vezes. Descontadas as repetições, são mencionadas 45 termos botânicos, 31 diretos (ex.: "ervas", "lenha", "inhame" e 14 indiretos (ex. :"arco", "rede", "cruz". Dois termos referem-se a fitofisionomias ("mata", "arvoredo (s" e 43 a plantas ou partes delas. As 31 referências diretas reduzem-se a 29 já que as expressões "ervas compridas" e "botelho" descrevem à mesma planta, como também "ouriços verdes" e "grãos vermelhos". Das referências diretas, cinco ("arroz", "castanheiro", "figos", "legumes", "trigo" descrevem plantas exóticas, basicamente européias, as demais (24 referências, dizem respeito à flora nativa. Dentre as 14 citações indiretas, duas ("pão", "vinho" referem-se a plantas do Velho Mundo, 12 seriam nativas. Dessas, apenas duas ("tintura vermelha", "tintura preta" podem ser associadas com espécies identificáveis. Os termos referentes a plantas foram ordenados nas categorias: 1. Não identificáveis (ex.: "lenha", "pau", "sementes"; 2. Identificáveis a nível de família (ex.: "palmeira", "cana"; possivelmente identificáveis a nível genérico (ex.: "ervas compridas", "inhame", "fetos"; espécies de identificação segura ("ouriços verdes", "grãos vermelhos". Os primeiros recursos vegetais explorados pelos portugueses foram "lenha" e "palmitos". O texto de Caminha não confirma a presença de uma cruz durante a celebração da

  10. Comparison of a Clinical Prediction Rule and a LAM Antigen-Detection Assay for the Rapid Diagnosis of TBM in a High HIV Prevalence Setting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patel, Vinod B.; Singh, Ravesh; Connolly, Cathy; Kasprowicz, Victoria; Zumla, Allimudin; Ndungu, Thumbi; Dheda, Keertan

    2010-01-01

    Background/Objective The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in resource poor TB endemic environments is challenging. The accuracy of current tools for the rapid diagnosis of TBM is suboptimal. We sought to develop a clinical-prediction rule for the diagnosis of TBM in a high HIV prevalence setting, and to compare performance outcomes to conventional diagnostic modalities and a novel lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen detection test (Clearview-TB®) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods Patients with suspected TBM were classified as definite-TBM (CSF culture or PCR positive), probable-TBM and non-TBM. Results Of the 150 patients, 84% were HIV-infected (median [IQR] CD4 count = 132 [54; 241] cells/µl). There were 39, 55 and 54 patients in the definite, probable and non-TBM groups, respectively. The LAM sensitivity and specificity (95%CI) was 31% (17;48) and 94% (85;99), respectively (cut-point ≥0.18). By contrast, smear-microscopy was 100% specific but detected none of the definite-TBM cases. LAM positivity was associated with HIV co-infection and low CD4 T cell count (CD4200 cells/µl; p = 0.03). The sensitivity and specificity in those with a CD4<100 cells/µl was 50% (27;73) and 95% (74;99), respectively. A clinical-prediction rule ≥6 derived from multivariate analysis had a sensitivity and specificity (95%CI) of 47% (31;64) and 98% (90;100), respectively. When LAM was combined with the clinical-prediction-rule, the sensitivity increased significantly (p<0.001) to 63% (47;68) and specificity remained high at 93% (82;98). Conclusions Despite its modest sensitivity the LAM ELISA is an accurate rapid rule-in test for TBM that has incremental value over smear-microscopy. The rule-in value of LAM can be further increased by combination with a clinical-prediction rule, thus enhancing the rapid diagnosis of TBM in HIV-infected persons with advanced immunosuppression. PMID:21203513

  11. Comparative analysis of the anatomical structure of heartwood and sapwood selected Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. trees in Srpska Crnja

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vilotić Dragica

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper shows the results obtained from the study of the macroscopic-microscopic structure (capillary system in the growth stem of Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. originating from North America, which grows in “Muzljanski rit” in the area of Srpska Crnja. Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. falls under the ring-porous species according to its porosity, with large tracheas in its early zone. The early zone trachea lumens, contained in the sapwood, reach dimensions of up to 160 μm, while early zone trachea lumens in the growth stem rings of the sapwood reach dimensions of up to 120 μm. Examination of the microscopic structure of this tree show good properties of the tree.

  12. Two new cassane diterpene lactams from the fruits of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bi, Dewen; Xia, Guanghui; Li, Yuanping; Liang, Xuesong; Zhang, Lanjun; Wang, Liqin

    2018-04-01

    Two new cassane ditepenoid lactams, caesmimotam A (1) and B (2), along with eight known compounds (3-10) were isolated from the fruits of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. Their structures were identified by 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW-480 human cancer cell lines, but they were inactive.

  13. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoid Content in Moringa oleifera Lam and Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sankhalkar, Sangeeta; Vernekar, Vrunda

    2016-01-01

    Number of secondary compounds is produced by plants as natural antioxidants. Moringa oleifera Lam. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. are known for their wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. To compare phenolic and flavonoid content in M. oleifera Lam and O. tenuiflorum L. by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Phenolic and flavonoid content were studied spectrophotometrically and by paper chromatography in M. oleifera Lam. and O. tenuiflorum L. Higher phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in Moringa leaf and flower. Ocimum flower showed higher phenolic content and low flavonoid in comparison to Moringa. Flavonoids such as biflavonyl, flavones, glycosylflavones, and kaempferol were identified by paper chromatography. Phytochemical analysis for flavonoid, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, and anthraquinones were tested positive for Moringa and Ocimum leaf as well as flower. In the present study higher phenolic and flavonoid content, indicated the natural antioxidant nature of Moringa and Ocimum signifying their medicinal importance. Moringa oleifera Lam. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. are widly grown in India and are known for their medicinal properties. Number of secondary metabolites like phenolics and flavonoids are known to be present in both the plants. The present study was conducted with an objective to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the phenolics and flavanoids in these two medicinally important plants.Quantitation of total phenolics and flavanoids was done by spectrophotometrically while qualitative analysis was perfomed by paper chromatography and by phytochemical tests. Our results have shown higher phenolics and flavanoid content in Moringa leaf and flower. However, higher phenolic content was absent in Ocimum flower compared to that of Moringa. Phytochemical analysis of various metabolites such as flavonoids, tanins, sapponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones revealed that both the plant extracts were rich sources of

  14. Amenazas y oportunidades del comercio brasileño con China. Lecciones para Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Fernando Augusto Mansor de Mattos; Marcelo Dias Carcanholo

    2012-01-01

    En 2009, China se convirtió en el principal socio comercial de Brasil. La intensificación de las relaciones comerciales entre ambos países en los últimos años ha provocado rápidos cambios en los resultados agregados y en el perfil de la balanza comercial brasileña. Por un lado, ha permitido una importante expansión de las exportaciones brasileñas, pero muy concentradas en productos de bajo contenido tecnológico, como las materias primas agrícolas y minerales. Por otra parte, se ha producido u...

  15. Analgesic activity of Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng.root in albino rats

    OpenAIRE

    Mohaddesi, Behzad; Dwivedi, Ravindra; Ashok, B. K.; Aghera, Hetal; Acharya, Rabinarayan; Shukla, V. J.

    2013-01-01

    Present study was undertaken to evaluate analgesic activity of root of Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng, a folklore medicinal plant used as the one of the source plant of Rasna. Study was carried out at two dose levels (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg) in albino rats. Analgesic activity was evaluated in formalin induced paw licking, and tail flick methods whereas indomethacin and pentazocine were used as standard analgesic drugs, respectively. At both the dose levels, test drug non-significantly decr...

  16. Basic Density and Strength Properties Variations in Cordia Africana (Lam) Grown Under Agroforestry in Arumeru, Tanzania

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mahonge, C.P.I.

    2007-01-01

    Variations in basic density and strength properties of Cordia africana (lam) grown under agroforestry in Arumeru district Arusha Tanzania were determined. Tree sampling procedure and data collection based on standard methods (ISO 3129.of 1975). The main results indicated that basic density increased

  17. A Naturally Encoded Dipeptide Handle for Bioorthogonal Chan-Lam Coupling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ohata, Jun; Zeng, Yimeng; Segatori, Laura; Ball, Zachary T

    2018-04-03

    Manipulation of biomacromolecules is ideally achieved through unique and bioorthogonal chemical reactions of genetically encoded, naturally occurring functional groups. The toolkit of methods for site-specific conjugation is limited by selectivity concerns and a dearth of naturally occurring functional groups with orthogonal reactivity. We report that pyroglutamate amide N-H bonds exhibit bioorthogonal copper-catalyzed Chan-Lam coupling at pyroglutamate-histidine dipeptide sequences. The pyroglutamate residue is readily incorporated into proteins of interest by natural enzymatic pathways, allowing specific bioconjugation at a minimalist dipeptide tag. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  18. Crescimento em altura do pau-ferro (Astronium balansae em reflorestamento Height growth of pau-ferro (Astroniumn balansae in a plantation forest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Augusto Guimarães Finger

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available Foi avaliado, através da técnica de análise de tronco, o crescimento em altura do pau-ferro (Astronium balansae, em reflorestamento com doze anos de idade, no município de São Sepé - RS, permitindo quantificar e descrever o crescimento cumulativo e em forma de taxas anuais médias e correntes em função da idade. Os dados de uma árvore do estrato dominante e uma do estrato dominado foram modelados através do procedimento "Stepwise" de regressão, sendo obtidas equações de alta precisão e ajuste para descrever o crescimento, o incremento médio e corrente anual da espécie. No período de tempo coberto pelos dados, o culmínio do incremento corrente em altura ocorreu aos seis anos e do incremento médio entre o oitavo e nono ano. na árvore dominante, não devendo entretanto, esta constatação ser tomada como definitiva antes da medição do crescimento em árvores mais velhas, o que permitirá verificar ou não a continuidade da queda das taxas de incremento. Não foi possível determinar as idades de culmínio do incrementos na árvore dominada.The growth in height of Astronium balansae, in a twelve years old plantation stand, in the county of São Sepé-RS, was evaluated by a trunk analyses, allowing to quantify and describe lhe cumulative growth and the average annual and the current rates as a function of the tree age. The data from one dominant tree and from one dominated were modeled by a stepwise regression procedure. High precision equations were fitted to describe the height growth of the specie. During the time period observed, culminating of the current increment in height happened at six years and the respective average increment between the eighty and ninety years age, in the dominant tree. However. this observation should not be taken as final; only after determinatios in older trees are made, which will verify or not the decline in the growth rates. It was no possible to determine the ages at which the incremements

  19. Leishmanicidal compounds of Nectria pseudotrichia, an endophytic fungus isolated from the plant Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Betania Barros Cota

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND In a screen of extracts from plants and fungi to detect antileishmanial activity, we found that the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus Nectria pseudotrichia, isolated from the tree Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood, is a promising source of bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to isolate and determine the chemical structures of the compounds responsible for the antileishmanial activity of the organic extract from N. pseudotrichia. METHODS Compounds were isolated by chromatographic fractionation using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and their chemical structures were determined by analytical and spectral data and by comparison with published data. The antileishmanial activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated in intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis expressing firefly luciferase as reporter gene, and cytotoxicity was determined in Vero and THP-1 mammalian cell lines by MTT assay. FINDINGS Fractionation of the extract yielded seven compounds: 10-acetyl trichoderonic acid A (1, 6′-acetoxy-piliformic acid (2, 5′,6′-dehydropiliformic acid (3, piliformic acid (4, hydroheptelidic acid (5, xylaric acid D (6, and cytochalasin D (7. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are reported here for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 were more active, with IC50 values of 21.4, 28.3, and 24.8 µM, respectively, and showed low toxicity to Vero and THP-1 cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS N. pseudotrichia produces secondary metabolites that are more toxic to intracellular amastigote forms of L. (V. braziliensis than to mammalian cells.

  20. Marca Brasil: ficção ou realidade? uma análise das iniciativas da APEX- Brasil para a construção da marca Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Motta R. Khauaja

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available We live in a global economy and it is urgent for Brazil, through its governors and entrepreneurs, to increase its share in this economy. Branding the country can help create a strong identity for the country, which tends to collaborate with the exports of products made in this place. This study has the purpose of analyzing how brand Brasil was built and how it has been used by the Brazilian government to help its exports. In order to accomplish this objective, there was a review of the literature, concerning relevant concepts relative to global marketing, global branding and country as a brand. After this, the research method was explained and there was an analysis about the built of Brasil brand and the initiatives of the Brazilian government, more specifically of the Agência de Promoção de Exportações do Brasil (Apex-Brasil, for building Brazil as a brand. The initiative of creating brand Brasil, although quite late, was good, but, due to the lack of usage, the brand still seems to be more fiction than reality.

  1. Copper-Catalyzed Chan-Lam Cyclopropylation of Phenols and Azaheterocycles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Derosa, Joseph; O'Duill, Miriam L; Holcomb, Matthew; Boulous, Mark N; Patman, Ryan L; Wang, Fen; Tran-Dubé, Michelle; McAlpine, Indrawan; Engle, Keary M

    2018-04-06

    Small molecules containing cyclopropane-heteroatom linkages are commonly needed in medicinal chemistry campaigns yet are problematic to prepare using existing methods. To address this issue, a scalable Chan-Lam cyclopropylation reaction using potassium cyclopropyl trifluoroborate has been developed. With phenol nucleophiles, the reaction effects O-cyclopropylation, whereas with 2-pyridones, 2-hydroxybenzimidazoles, and 2-aminopyridines the reaction brings about N-cyclopropylation. The transformation is catalyzed by Cu(OAc) 2 and 1,10-phenanthroline and employs 1 atm of O 2 as the terminal oxidant. This method is operationally convenient to perform and provides a simple, strategic disconnection toward the synthesis of cyclopropyl aryl ethers and cyclopropyl amine derivatives bearing an array of functional groups.

  2. Performance of a Press-Lam bridge : a 5-year load-testing and monitoring program

    Science.gov (United States)

    D. S. Gromala; R. C. Moody; M. M. Sprinkel

    1985-01-01

    This paper summarizes the results of load tests on an experimental highway bridge erected and put into service on the George Washington National Forest in Virginia in 1977. The bridge, made entirely of Press-Lam, a laminated veneer lumber (LVL) product, was load tested 1 month, 1 year, and 5 years after erection. The bridge continues to perform quite well and,...

  3. Alterações edáficas sob plantios puros e misto de espécies florestais nativas do sudeste da Bahia, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. C. Gama-Rodrigues

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar o acúmulo de serapilheira com sua composição química e desta com as características físicas e químicas do solo, em plantios puros e misto de espécies florestais nativas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em solos de tabuleiro do sudeste da Bahia, Brasil, no período de agosto de 1994 a novembro de 1996, em plantios, com 22 anos de idade, de pau-roxo (Peltogyne angustiflora, putumuju (Centrolobium robustum, arapati (Arapatiella psilophylla, arapaçu (Sclerolobium chrysophyllum, claraíba (Cordia trichotoma e óleo-comumbá (Macrolobium latifolium . Foram utilizadas uma floresta secundária, praticamente em estado clímax, e uma capoeira, de 40 anos de idade. O solo na camada de 0-5 cm estava mais bem estruturado no plantio misto do que sob as outras coberturas vegetais. A estruturação dessa camada foi positivamente relacionada com o acúmulo de C orgânico no solo e de serapilheira sobre este. O nível de fertilidade do solo (0-10 cm sob as espécies implantadas nos sistemas puros e misto foi superior ao da capoeira e da floresta natural. A fitomassa e a qualidade nutricional da serapilheira revelaram a capacidade diferenciada das coberturas florestais para absorver e reciclar nutrientes; o plantio misto representou uma situação intermediária em relação ao sistema de plantios puros. A quantidade de serapilheira acumulada dependeu da sua composição química. Segundo resultados deste trabalho, a estruturação e o nível de fertilidade do solo distinguiram-se de acordo com as coberturas florestais, em razão da quantidade, da composição química e da taxa de decomposição da serapilheira. As espécies claraíba, arapaçu e pau-roxo revelaram-se promissoras em melhorar a fertilidade do solo. Contudo, o plantio misto mostrou ser o sistema florestal mais adequado, por proporcionar simultaneamente melhor estruturação, maior quantidade de C orgânico, maiores níveis de nutrientes do solo e

  4. Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oil Isolated from Azilia eryngioides (Pau Hedge et Lamond Against Two Beetle Pests Actividad Insecticida del Aceite Esencial Aislado de Azilia eryngioides (Pau Hedge et Lamond contra Dos Escarabajos Plaga

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asgar Ebadollah

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available A large number of plant essential oils have been used against diverse insect pests since they, unlike conventional pesticides, present no risk to humans and the environment. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of Azilia eryngioides (Pau Hedge et Lamond (Apiaceae essential oil against 1- to 7-d-old Sitophilus granarius (L. (Curculionidae and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst (Tenebrionidae adults. The essential oil was obtained from aerial parts of the plant using a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major constituents of the oil were α-Pinene and bornyl acetate. Fumigation bioassays revealed that A. eryngioides oil had a strong insecticidal activity on adult test insects that were exposed to 37.03, 74.07, 111.11, and 148.14 µL L-1 to estimate mean lethal time (LT50 values. Mortality increased as concentration and exposure time increased, and reached 100% at the 39-h exposure time and concentrations higher than 111.11 µL L-1. Another experiment was designed to determine the mean lethal concentration at the 24-h exposure time (LC50-, and these values indicated that S. granarius was more susceptible than T. castaneum. It can be concluded that the essential oil of A. eryngioides has potential against two stored-product pests, S. granarius and T. castaneum.Una gran cantidad de aceites esenciales de plantas se han utilizado como agentes de control biológico contra diversos insectos plaga, ya que no presentan riesgo para los seres humanos y el medio ambiente, a diferencia de los pesticidas convencionales. Se determinó la toxicidad del aceite esencial de Azilia eryngioides (Pau Hedge et Lamond (Apiaceae contra adultos de 1 a 7 días de edad de Sitophilus granarius (L. (Curculionidae y Tribolium castaneum (Herbst (Tenebrionidae. El aceite esencial se obtuvo de las partes aéreas de la planta utilizando un aparato de Clevenger y se analizó por cromatografía de gases por espectrometría de

  5. J/ψ reconstruction in the di-muon decay channel with the CBM experiment for p+Au collisions at 30 GeV laboratory beam energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Akishina, V; Kisel, I

    2013-01-01

    The study of p+Au collisions at 30 GeV laboratory beam energy is considered as a part of the CBM research program and will be performed in the first phase of FAIR with a start version of the CBM detector at SIS-100. Results of J/ψ reconstruction feasibility studies in di-muon channel in proton-nuclear collisions at SIS 100 energies are presented. The simulated detector concept includes STS and MuCh detectors. The study was performed for a wide range of MuCh detector inefficiency. Also the influence of MuCh stations misalignment on the charmonium reconstruction efficiency was studied. The algorithm allows to reconstruct J/ψ with an efficiency of 31.3 % and the signal to the background ratio of 24.4.

  6. Periodic differential equations an introduction to Mathieu, Lamé, and allied functions

    CERN Document Server

    Arscott, Felix M; Stark, M; Ulam, S

    1964-01-01

    Periodic Differential Equations: An Introduction to Mathieu, Lamé, and Allied Functions covers the fundamental problems and techniques of solution of periodic differential equations. This book is composed of 10 chapters that present important equations and the special functions they generate, ranging from Mathieu's equation to the intractable ellipsoidal wave equation.This book starts with a survey of the main problems related to the formation of periodic differential equations. The subsequent chapters deal with the general theory of Mathieu's equation, Mathieu functions of integral order, and

  7. One-step synthesis of highly-biocompatible spherical gold nanoparticles using [i]Artocarpus heterophyllus[/i] Lam. (jackfruit fruit extract and its effect on pathogens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nagaraj Basavegowda

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available [b]Introduction[/b]. Novel approaches for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs are of great importance due to its vast spectrum of applications in diverse fields, including medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Te presented study reports the successful AuNPs’ synthesis using [i]Artocarpus heterophyllus[/i] Lam. extract, and provides detailed characterization and evaluation of its antibacterial potential. [b]Objective[/b]. The aim was to develop a cost-effective and environmentally friendly synthesis method of gold nanoparticles using aqueous fruit extract of [i]Artocarpus heterophyllus[/i] Lam. as a reducing and capping agent, which has proven activity against human pathogens, such as microbial species [i]E.coli[/i] and [i]Streptobacillus[/i] sps. [b]Materials and method[/b]. Characterizations were carried out using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier-Transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR. [b]Results[/b]. SEM images showed the formation of gold nanoparticles with an average size of 20–25 nm. Spectra collected while infra-red analysis contained broad peaks in ranges from 4000–400 cm -1 . [b]Conclusions[/b]. It can be concluded that the fruit of [i]Artocarpus heterophyllus[/i] Lam. can be good source for synthesis of gold nanoparticles which showed antimicrobial activity against investigated microbes, in particul [i]E. coli[/i], and [i]Streptobacillus[/i]. An important outcome of this study will be the development of value-added products from the medicinal plant [i]Artocarpus heterophyllus[/i] Lam. for the biomedical and nanotechnology-based industries.

  8. Understanding the susceptibility to HIV of female and male students case study of LAMS school in Benin

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kissezounnon, M.S.

    2008-01-01

    This research project aims to understand the factors that influence susceptibility to HIV for female and male students in LAMS (Lycee Agricole Meidji o Sekou in Benin), in order to contribute to the reduction of the phenomenon. The results of questionnaires, group discussions and interviews show the

  9. Electro-flocculation associated with the extract of Moringa oleifera Lam as natural coagulant for the removal of reactive blue 5G dye

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruna Souza dos Santos

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Although an important significant sector in world economy, the textile industry is known for its large volumes of wastewater generated in production processes. In the search for cleaner technologies, the application of electrochemical processes, such as electro-flocculation, or natural coagulants, such as Moringa oleifera Lam extract, have become recurrent in literature. Since the required operating conditions for alternative technologies are such that they hamper effective application, current paper presents results obtained with the use of a hybrid system of treatment which combines electro-flocculation and the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera lam to evaluate the removal of reactive blue 5G dye from aqueous solutions. Milder conditions of electric current intensity (0.10 – 1.50 A and natural coagulant concentration (250-2000 mg L-1 were tested. Through a Central Composite Rotatable Design, it was possible to obtain a quadratic model which subsidized the optimization of operating conditions. Applying an electric current of 0.97 A to sacrificial electrodes of iron and a concentration of 2000 mg L-1 for the extract of Moringa oleifera Lam, an average 86.79% color removal was obtained, considered a satisfactory rate.

  10. TREATMENT OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER USING Moringa oleifera LAM SEEDS AS COAGULANT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Facundo Dagoberto Morales Avelino

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Both the solution and the suspension of grinded and soaked seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam, were used in order to reduce the absorbance (turbidity of wastewater from a slaughterhouse. The minimum reaction time obtained was 5 minutes with an absorbancy reduction of 25% for wastewater from the septic tank, and 82% of absorbancy reduction for the wastewater from the pond. In relation to the coagulant dose (seeds suspension, although 25 g/l was more efficient (up to 78% of absorbancy reduction, it was no significative different to the dose of 10 g/l which reached an absorbance removal of 61%.

  11. El Brasil y Alberdi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique de Gandia

    1968-12-01

    Full Text Available Alberdi fue amigo de Chile, del Paraguay, de España y de otras naciones; pero nunca lo fue del Brasil. Tenía hacia esta nación una desconfianza innata que lo llevaba a temores y suposiciones impropias de su talento. En marzo de 1865 publicó en París un opúsculo sobre Las disensiones de las Repúblicas del Plata y las maquinaciones del Brasil.

  12. Fine structure of the mineralized teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura echinata (Mollusca: Polyplacophora).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wealthall, Rosamund J; Brooker, Lesley R; Macey, David J; Griffin, Brendan J

    2005-08-01

    The major lateral teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura echinata are composite structures composed of three distinct mineral zones: a posterior layer of magnetite; a thin band of lepidocrocite just anterior to this; and apatite throughout the core and anterior regions of the cusp. Biomineralization in these teeth is a matrix-mediated process, in which the minerals are deposited around fibers, with the different biominerals described as occupying architecturally discrete compartments. In this study, a range of scanning electron microscopes was utilized to undertake a detailed in situ investigation of the fine structure of the major lateral teeth. The arrangement of the organic and biomineral components of the tooth is similar throughout the three zones, having no discrete borders between them, and with crystallites of each mineral phase extending into the adjacent mineral zone. Along the posterior surface of the tooth, the organic fibers are arranged in a series of fine parallel lines, but just within the periphery their appearance takes on a "fish scale"-like pattern, reflective of the cross section of a series of units that are overlaid, and offset from each other, in adjacent rows. The units are approximately 2 microm wide and 0.6 microm thick and comprise biomineral plates separated by organic fibers. Two types of subunits make up each "fish scale": one is elongate and curved and forms a trough, in which the other, rod-like unit, is nestled. Adjacent rod and trough units are aligned into large sheets that define the fracture plane of the tooth. The alignment of the plates of rod-trough units is complex and exhibits extreme spatial variation within the tooth cusp. Close to the posterior surface the plates are essentially horizontal and lie in a lateromedial plane, while anteriorly they are almost vertical and lie in the posteroanterior plane. An understanding of the fine structure of the mineralized teeth of chitons, and of the relationship between the organic and

  13. Diagnostic accuracy, incremental yield and prognostic value of Determine TB-LAM for routine diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients requiring acute hospital admission in South Africa: a prospective cohort.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lawn, Stephen D; Kerkhoff, Andrew D; Burton, Rosie; Schutz, Charlotte; Boulle, Andrew; Vogt, Monica; Gupta-Wright, Ankur; Nicol, Mark P; Meintjes, Graeme

    2017-03-21

    We previously reported that one-third of HIV-positive adults requiring medical admission to a South African district hospital had laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) and that almost two-thirds of cases could be rapidly diagnosed using Xpert MTB/RIF-testing of concentrated urine samples obtained on the first day of admission. Implementation of urine-based, routine, point-of-care TB screening is an attractive intervention that might be facilitated by use of a simple, low-cost diagnostic tool, such as the Determine TB-LAM lateral-flow rapid test for HIV-associated TB. Sputum, urine and blood samples were systematically obtained from unselected HIV-positive adults within 24 hours of admission to a South African township hospital. Additional clinical samples were obtained during hospitalization as clinically indicated. TB was defined by the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in any sample using Xpert MTB/RIF or liquid culture. The diagnostic yield, accuracy and prognostic value of urine-lipoarabinomannan (LAM) testing were determined, but urine-LAM results did not inform treatment decisions. Consecutive HIV-positive adult acute medical admissions not already receiving TB treatment (n = 427) were enrolled regardless of clinical presentation or symptoms. TB was diagnosed in 139 patients (TB prevalence 32.6%; median CD4 count 80 cells/μL). In the first 24 hours of admission, sputum (spot and/or induced) samples were obtained from 37.0% of patients and urine samples from 99.5% of patients (P < 0.001). The diagnostic yields from these specimens were 19.4% (n = 27/139) for sputum-microscopy, 26.6% (n = 37/139) for sputum-Xpert, 38.1% (n = 53/139) for urine-LAM and 52.5% (n = 73/139) for sputum-Xpert/urine-LAM combined (P < 0.01). Corresponding yields among patients with CD4 counts <100 cells/μL were 18.9%, 24.3%, 55.4% and 63.5%, respectively (P < 0.01). The diagnostic yield of urine-LAM was unrelated to respiratory symptoms, and

  14. Test and Evaluation of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) for a Large Aircraft Maintenance Shelter (LAMS) Baseplate

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-03-26

    37  Figure 16. Offsetting Grain Orientation ............................................................................ 46  Figure 17. LAMS...selectively dispensed through a nozzle or orifice (ASTM International, 2012: 1). Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an example of material extrusion and...gains as a result of ultrasonic welding. Proper ultrasonic welding results in uniformity, reduction in void space, and optimal grain orientation

  15. Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera Lam seed extract on liver fibrosis in rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamza, Alaaeldin A

    2010-01-01

    This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringa) seed extract on liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced by the oral administration of 20% carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), twice weekly and for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, M.oleifera Lam seed extract (1g/kg) was orally administered daily. The biochemical and histological results showed that Moringa reduced liver damage as well as symptoms of liver fibrosis. The administration of Moringa seed extract decreased the CCl(4)-induced elevation of serum aminotransferase activities and globulin level. The elevations of hepatic hydroxyproline content and myeloperoxidase activity were also reduced by Moringa treatment. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical study showed that Moringa markedly reduced the numbers of smooth muscle alpha-actin-positive cells and the accumulation of collagens I and III in liver. Moringa seed extract showed significant inhibitory effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, as well as strong reducing antioxidant power. The activity of superoxide dismutase as well as the content of both malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, which are oxidative stress markers, were reversed after treatment with Moringa. Finally, these results suggested that Moringa seed extract can act against CCl(4)-induced liver injury and fibrosis in rats by a mechanism related to its antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effect and its ability to attenuate the hepatic stellate cells activation. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Analysis of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) patent tomograms: Stereology and modeling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Faber, V.; Wing, G.M.; Winter, L.; Zahrt, J.D.

    1995-01-01

    Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an insidious disease of young women which attacks the lungs and if untreated results in death. Treatment is radical. Currently a woman diagnosed as having LAM (usually by computed tomography (CT) of the lung) is run through an exhausting set of tests and exercises to determine the extent of the disease. Image processing techniques have been able to quantify the tomograms by providing a histogram of the number of cyst intercepts of a given area. The images are digital, so the data are discrete, and the areas are in terms of square pixels. It is hoped that by analyzing the data and by recovering the probability density of the cysts themselves one can provide a set of parameters that will aid in the early diagnosis of the disease and that will correlate well with the physiology. The desire to invert the data, that is to determine the probability density of the cysts from the probability density of the circular intersections of the cysts with the tomographic plane, led to a re-examination of the Wicksell equation. In Section 2, the authors transform Wicksell's equation in diameter (a generalized Abel equation) into an equation in areas (the original Abel equation). In Section 3 they present the adjoint equation in several equivalent forms. Analytic solutions of the adjoint equation necessary for later use are developed in Section 4. Outside of the framework of integral equations they have done some modeling of the data. They find that, to a very high degree of reliability, the data follows a simple power law. The distribution of spheres likewise follows a simple power law. These considerations are given in Section 5. Then in Section 6 they explore the exponential model as an alternative. Section 7 solves the Wicksell equation and uses the Golberg device, via the adjoint, to solve a related problem. They finally get to the number of cysts and their average size in Section 8. Their conclusions are in Section 9

  17. Eupatorium capilifolium (Lam. Small ex Porter & Britton (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae, REKAMAN BARU UNTUK FLORA JAWA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstrak Sebanyak 227 jenis tumbuhan Asteraceae terdapat di Pulau Jawa berdasarkan Flora of Java. Namun, suku Asteraceae di Pulau Jawa belum banyak ditinjau kembali sejak buku tersebut terbit 51 tahun yang lalu, sehingga memungkinkan adanya jenis-jenis tambahan yang belum terekam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi adanya jenis tambahan yang terdapat di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode jelajah di Labuan (Banten, Bogor (Jawa Barat, Malang, dan Situbondo (Jawa Timur. Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. Small ex Porter & Britton merupakan rekaman baru yang dapat melengkapi flora Jawa. Jenis tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam puak Eupatorieae. Abstract There are 227 species of Asteraceae in Java Island recorded in the Flora of Java. However, only few review of this family for Java since Flora of Java has published 51 years ago. Some possibilities of unrecorded species may occur after this Flora of Java published. This research was conducted to provide information on additional species in Java Island. This research was carried out using exploration method in Labuan (Banten, Bogor (West Java, Malang and Situbondo (East Java. Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. Small ex Porter & Britton is a new record for completing the flora of Java Island. This species belongs to Eupatorieae tribe.   

  18. Nutraceutical or Pharmacological Potential of Moringa oleifera Lam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kou, Xianjuan; Li, Biao; Olayanju, Julia B; Drake, Justin M; Chen, Ning

    2018-03-12

    Moringa oleifera Lam. ( M. oleifera ), which belongs to the Moringaceae family, is a perennial deciduous tropical tree, and native to the south of the Himalayan Mountains in northern India. M. oleifera is rich in proteins, vitamin A, minerals, essential amino acids, antioxidants, and flavonoids, as well as isothiocyanates. The extracts from M. oleifera exhibit multiple nutraceutical or pharmacological functions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and blood lipid-reducing functions. The beneficial functions of M. oleifera are strongly associated with its phytochemicals such as flavonoids or isothiocyanates with bioactivity. In this review, we summarize the research progress related to the bioactivity and pharmacological mechanisms of M. oleifera in the prevention and treatment of a series of chronic diseases-including inflammatory diseases, neuro-dysfunctional diseases, diabetes, and cancers-which will provide a reference for its potential application in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases or health promotion.

  19. Sulfonato-imino copper(ii) complexes: fast and general Chan-Evans-Lam coupling of amines and anilines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hardouin Duparc, V; Schaper, F

    2017-10-14

    Sulfonato-imine copper complexes with either chloride or triflate counteranions were prepared in a one-step reaction followed by anion-exchange. They are highly active in Chan-Evans-Lam couplings under mild conditions with a variety of amines or anilines, in particular with sterically hindered substrates. No optimization of reaction conditions other than time and/or temperature is required.

  20. Commodity, pre-salt and development

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alvim, Carlos Feu; Fantine, Jose [Univerisdade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ/COPPE), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao do Programa de Pos-graduacao em Engenharia

    2008-04-15

    'Brazil is essentially an agricultural country' was the economical truism taught in school in the 1950s. The country was under the influence of the coffee cycle that has followed other ones based on extractive or agricultural products in successive cycles since the Colonial period: pau-brasil, sugarcane, gold, cocoa, rubber, etc. Presently commodities dominate our exports and one might ask: is Brazil essentially a commodity-exporting country? The recent publication of the government document 'Productive development policy - innovate and invest to support growth' makes it opportune to discuss the subject. (author)

  1. 75 FR 29722 - Foreign-Trade Zone 18-San Jose, CA; Application for Subzone; Lam Research Corporation (Wafer...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [Docket 36-2010] Foreign-Trade Zone 18--San Jose, CA; Application for Subzone; Lam Research Corporation (Wafer Fabrication Equipment Manufacturing); Fremont, Newark, and Livermore, CA An application has been submitted to the Foreign-Trade Zones Board (the Board) by the City of San Jose, grantee of...

  2. CARACTERÃSTICAS AGRONÓMICAS Y FORRAJERAS DE Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.

    OpenAIRE

    Leonor Manríquez Mendoza; S. Lopez; P. Perez; E. Ortega; Z. Lopez; M. Villaruel

    2011-01-01

    Los árboles nativos son una fuente importante de forraje para el ganado, sobre todo en regiones con época de estiaje prolongada. Algunas especies arbóreas son de rápido crecimiento y buena calidad nutricional, además de tener la capacidad de producir forraje durante la época seca, cuando la necesidad de forraje es mayor. El guácimo (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) es un árbol nativo de América tropical que tiene un alto potencial forrajero y del que aún se conoce poco sobre su manejo agronÃ...

  3. Mundo Braz. El devenir-mundo de Brasil y el devenir-Brasil del mundo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Martínez Reinoso

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Reseña: Mundo Braz. El devenir-mundo de Brasil y el devenir-Brasil del mundo   MundoBraz. El devenir-mundo de Brasil y el devenir-Brasil del mundo es el título que lleva la obra del filósofo italiano radicado en Brasil Giuseppe Cocco. Fue publicada originalmente en portugués (Río de Janeiro, 2009 y editada en español por la Editorial Traficantes de Sueños tres años después (Madrid, 2012. Sus principales aportaciones se relacionan con el análisis político y social de nuestra realidad contemporánea bajo una línea de investigación neo-marxista que ha dado origen a dos emblemáticas publicaciones, las cuales son en rigor los antecedentes inmediatos del espíritu crítico, transdisciplinario y altermundista que caracteriza a MundoBraz. [1] Cocco, Giuseppe (2012: MundoBraz. El devenir-mundo de Brasil y el devenir-Brasil del mundo. Traficantes de Sueños, Madrid. Giuseppe Cocco se formó en Italia y Francia y fue activista político en los años 70 de Autonomía Obrera. Es Licenciado en Ciencias Políticas (Università degli Studi di Padova, 1981, Licenciado en Ciencias Políticas (Université de Paris VIII, 1984, Master of Science Technologie et Société (Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 1988, MA en Historia Social (Universidad de París I (Panthéon-Sorbonne, 1986 y Doctor en Historia Social (Universidad Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, 1993. Ejerce como profesor de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro y es editor de diversas revistas de perfil neomarxista y altermundista: Global Brasil, Common Place y Multitudes. Un modo de resumir el valor de esta bella y asombrosa obra quizás consista en decir que cumple a cabalidad con el sentido de lo que Deleuze y Guattari han denominado como una política menor. La cual, paradójicamente, si bien derriba una serie de dogmas del liberalismo y del marxismo, tal mirada no se queda en un diagnóstico fatídico y determinista (como sería el economicismo que acusa al neoliberalismo de

  4. Condensed tannins from the bark of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopes, Gisely C.; Rocha, Juliana C.B.; Mello, Joao C.P. de [Universidade Estadual de Maringa (UEM), PR (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas], e-mail: mello@uem.br; Almeida, Glalber C. de [Universidade Estadual de Maringa (UEM), PR (Brazil)

    2009-07-01

    From the bark of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae), nine compounds were isolated and identified: ent-catechin, epicatechin, ent-gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epiafzelechin-(4{beta}?8)-epicatechin, epicatechin-(4{beta}?8)-catechin (procyanidin B1), epicatechin-(4{beta}?8)-epicatechin (procyanidin B2), epicatechin-(4{beta}?8)-epigallocatechin, and the new compound 4'-O-methyl-epiafzelechin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and literature data. HPLC fingerprint analysis of the semipurified extract was performed on a C18 column, with a mixture of acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid):water (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid) (v/v) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min-1. The sample injection volume was 100 {mu}L and the wavelength was 210 nm. (author)

  5. Plantas medicinais referenciadas por raizeiros no município de Jataí, estado de Goiás

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.F. SOUZA

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou pesquisar as plantas medicinais referenciadas por raizeiros do município de Jataí-GO, evidenciando o Valor de Uso Reportado (VUR e a conexão com os níveis filogenéticos atuais. Com cerca de 200 anos de história, Jataí localiza-se no Planalto Central do Brasil, Sudoeste de Goiás (17°52’53’’S e 51°42’52’’W, tendo atualmente, como principal fonte de renda o agronegócio. Para a seleção dos raizeiros e coleta dos dados aplicou-se o método bola de neve e a técnica de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Determinou-se a etnoespécie, parte usada, uso, modo de preparo, sintomas / doenças relacionando aos sistemas corporais. Foram reportadas 515 referências etnobotânicas para 112 etnoespécies principalmente dos clados Fabídeas, Lamídeas, e Campanulídeas. Sobressaíram as etnoespécies Pé-de-perdiz (Croton antisyphilliticus, Sangra-dágua (C. urucurana, Pau-terra-de-folha-larga (Qualea grandiflora, Erva-de-Santa Maria (Chenopodium album, Amaro-leite (Operculina alata, Algodãozinho-do-campo (Cochlospermum regium, Cavalinha (Equisetum hiemale e Jaborandi (Piper aduncum, com VUR maior que 10. Os sistemas corporais mais importantes com relação ao número de etnoespécies relatadas foram respiratório, digestivo, circulatório e tegumentar. As etnoespécies mais versáteis em uso nos sistemas corporais foram Copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii, Pé-de-perdiz (Croton antisyphiliticus, Cavalinha (Equisetum hiemale, Alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis e Fruta-de-lobo (Solanum paniculatum. A prática da medicina tradicional em Jataí evidencia a conexão entre a escolha de plantas e os níveis filogenéticos derivados. Algumas destas etnoespécies estão na listagem de plantas medicinais que o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil escolheu para a realização de monografias, fato que fortalece o valor do conhecimento do uso da flora nas práticas da medicina tradicional.

  6. Composition of the essential oil of Buddleja thyrsoides Lam. leaves from Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahlke, J D; Boligon, A A; Machado, M M; Athayde, M L

    2013-01-01

    This study is designed to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Buddleja thyrsoides Lam leaves from south Brazil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis resulted in the detection of 12 components, representing 91.4% of the total oil composition. Germacrene D (27.16%), 1,10-di-epi-Cubenol (13.37%), α-Cadinol (12.95%), Bicyclogermacrene (9.00%), Globulol (8.59%) and caryophylene E (5.26%) were the main components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the composition of essential oil of the B. thyrsoides collected in Brazil.

  7. Tuberculosis Case Finding With Combined Rapid Point-of-Care Assays (Xpert MTB/RIF and Determine TB LAM) in HIV-Positive Individuals Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Mozambique.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Floridia, Marco; Ciccacci, Fausto; Andreotti, Mauro; Hassane, Archa; Sidumo, Zita; Magid, Nurja A; Sotomane, Horacio; David, Muhlavasse; Mutemba, Elsa; Cebola, Junia; Mugunhe, Remigio Josè; Riccardi, Fabio; Marazzi, Maria Cristina; Giuliano, Marina; Palombi, Leonardo; Mancinelli, Sandro

    2017-11-13

    Tuberculosis is a major health concern in several countries, and effective diagnostic algorithms for use in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients are urgently needed. At prescription of antiretroviral therapy, all patients in 3 Mozambican health centers were screened for tuberculosis, with a combined approach: World Health Organization (WHO) 4-symptom screening (fever, cough, night sweats, and weight loss), a rapid test detecting mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in urine (Determine TB LAM), and a molecular assay performed on a sputum sample (Xpert MTB/RIF; repeated if first result was negative). Patients with positive LAM or Xpert MTB/RIF results were referred for tuberculosis treatment. Among 972 patients with a complete diagnostic algorithm (58.5% female; median CD4 cell count, 278/μL; WHO HIV stage I, 66.8%), 98 (10.1%) tested positive with Xpert (90, 9.3%) or LAM (34, 3.5%) assays. Compared with a single-test Xpert strategy, dual Xpert tests improved case finding by 21.6%, LAM testing alone improved it by 13.5%, and dual Xpert tests plus LAM testing improved it by 32.4%. Rifampicin resistance in Xpert-positive patients was infrequent (2.5%). Among patients with positive results, 22 of 98 (22.4%) had no symptoms at WHO 4-symptom screening. Patients with tuberculosis diagnosed had significantly lower CD4 cell counts and hemoglobin levels, more advanced WHO stage, and higher HIV RNA levels. Fifteen (15.3%) did not start tuberculosis treatment, mostly owing to rapidly deteriorating clinical conditions or logistical constraints. The median interval between start of the diagnostic algorithm and start of tuberculosis treatment was 7 days. The prevalence of tuberculosis among Mozambican HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy was 10%, with limited rifampicin resistance. Use of combined point-of-care tests increased case finding, with a short time to treatment. Interventions are needed to remove logistical barriers and prevent presentation

  8. Photoelectrochemical solar cell using extract of Eugenia jambolana Lam as a natural sensitizer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christian G. Garcia

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available The extract of Jambolão (java plum, Eugenia jambolana Lam, was used as a natural sensitizer of a wide band-gap semiconductor (TiO2 in photoelectrochemical solar cells. The natural dye, adsorbed onto the semiconductor surface, absorbs visible light and promotes electron transfer across the dye/semiconductor interface. Photogenerated current and voltage as high as 2.3 mA and 711 mV, respectively, were obtained and effective conversion of visible light into electricity was achieved. The use of a natural product as the semiconductor sensitizer enables a faster and simpler production of cheaper and environmentally friendly solar cells.O extrato de Jambolão, Eugenia jambolana Lam, foi utilizado como um sensibilizador natural de um semicondutor com separação grande de bandas (TiO2 nas células solares fotoeletroquímica. O corante natural, adsorvido na superfície do semicondutor, absorve luz visível e promove transferência eletrônica na interface corante/semicondutor. A corrente e o potencial fotogerados tão altos como 2,3 mA e 711 mV, respectivamente, foram obtidos observando-se conversão eficiente de luz visível em eletricidade. O uso de um produto natural como o sensibilizador de semicondutor possibilita uma produção mais rápida e simples de células solares mais baratas que não agridem o meio ambiente.

  9. Telenovela y cultura en Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Fadul, Anamaria

    1993-01-01

    Trabajo sobre el surgimiento de la telenovela en Brasil. Se habla del papel de la telenovela en la cultura brasileña, de su audiencia, del panorama televisivo en ese país y de sus estrategias de programación. A la par del artículo, se presentan cuadros con información sobre las telenovelas mexicanas. Se incluyen ilustraciones de Lucía Maya, reproducidas en blanco y negro.

  10. Caracterização de Passiflora mucronata Lam.: nova alternativa de maracujá ornamental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Maria Molina Meletti

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available No Brasil, a família Passifloraceae possui ampla diversidade genética devido ao elevado número de espécies nativas, entretanto, o valor ornamental da família ainda é praticamente inexplorado. Passiflora mucronata Lam. é uma das espécies nativas que integram o Banco de Germoplasma de Maracujazeiros do Instituto Agronômico (IAC, que estão sendo caracterizadas para fins ornamentais, em condições de campo, objetivando sua utilização comercial. Foram avaliados desenvolvimento vegetativo, época de florescimento, período de antese, compatibilidade, viabilidade polínica, produção de frutos, comportamento germinativo e longevidade das sementes. As flores de P. mucronata são brancas, fosforescentes e têm antese noturna, atraindo mariposas e morcegos. A viabilidade polínica permaneceu elevada (75,8%, desde a antese (18h00min h até a manhã seguinte. A espécie mostrou-se autoincompatível. A polinização cruzada resultou em frutos ovoides, com 14,82g de peso médio, 4,59cm de diâmetro longitudinal por 2,73cm de diâmetro equatorial. A casca do fruto é delgada, amarelo-canária quando totalmente maduro. A polpa apresentou pouca suculência, sem aroma característico, mas sabor agradável. As sementes são achatadas, de coloração marrom-enegrecida, com dormência quando recém-colhidas, o que pode ser superado efetivamente com armazenamento em câmara fria e seca mais choque térmico, associados. A longevidade das sementes foi de cerca de um ano. Os acessos avaliados de P. mucronata evidenciaram se tratar de uma planta de vigor vegetativo intermediário, tolerante ao frio, com intenso florescimento, que se estende por um longo período do ano. Em função destas vantagens adicionais, pode ser utilizada como planta ornamental, uma alternativa dentro do grupo das trepadeiras indicadas para cercas vivas ou caramanchões.

  11. Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus (Lam. Merr. in BALB/c mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Kifayatullah

    2015-10-01

    Conclusions: The result indicates that the oral administration of Pericampylus glaucus (Lam. Merr. extract did not produce any significant toxic effect in BALB/c mice. Hence, the extract can be utilized safely for therapeutic use in pharmaceutical formulations.

  12. Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract from Kalanchoe pinnata Lam. stems and roots in mice: A comparison to diazepam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mora-Pérez, A; Hernández-Medel, M del R

    2016-04-01

    In ancient and current traditional medicine in México, extracts from the leaves or whole plant of 'life leaf' (Kalanchoe pinnata [K. pinnata]Lam) have been used to treat an entity known locally as 'yellow epilepsy' (alferecía amarilla) when it is accompanied by seizures. However, the anticonvulsive activity of its stems and roots remains unexplored The anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic root extract (MER) or stem (MES) of K. pinnata Lam. was evaluated in a pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure model in Balb/C mice, and effects were compared to those of diazepam. The stem extract fractions that produced anticonvulsant activity were subsequently evaluated using the pentylenetetrazol -induced seizure model. We observed increased latency of tonic-clonic seizures that was inversely proportional to the dose of MRE, with a similar impact on the lethal effects of pentylenetetrazol. Different doses of the MSE showed a dose-dependent increase in latency to myoclonus, clonus, and tonic-clonic seizures, acting similarly to diazepam and offering 100% protection against the lethal effects of pentylenetetrazol. Fractioning MSE decreased its effectiveness, but when fractions were mixed with fractions of chloroform and ethyl acetate, anticonvulsive activity was restored. The preliminary phytochemical analysis identified alkaloids and sterols in MRE, and sterols and terpenes in MSE CONCLUSIONS: The anticonvulsant activity of K. pinnata Lam. decreases with increased doses of MRE, whereas the effect of MSE is dose-dependent and preserved in the mixture chloroform and ethyl acetate. We suggest that the metabolites responsible for these effects are sterols in MRE, and sterols and terpenes in MSE. Copyright © 2015 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  13. Ser Gitano y Brasileño: migración, interculturalidad y ciudadanía en el sureste de Brasil, 1936-2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cairus, Brigitte Grossmann

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo explora la manera en la que los gitanos del este europeo definen su identidad dentro de la nación brasileña en relación con otros inmigrantes, ya sean estos de su mismo continente de origen o de otra parte del mundo. Aunque la “gitanidad” ha sido reconocida como un elemento vital de la cultura brasileña, los romanís brasileños han ejercido presión para obtener apoyo político, visibilidad y derechos de ciudadanía. Analizando esta lucha, examinaremos la construcción de la identidad que los gitanos mantienen basándose en mitos, lenguaje, valores, creencias, símbolos y lazos de parentesco dentro y fuera de Brasil. Asimismo, también analizaremos el ethos de deambular, hecho persistente a pesar de que muchos romanís brasileños han adquirido propiedades privadas y negocios en las principales ciudades del país. Por último, es necesario mencionar que el proceso de aculturación ha sido ambiguo para los gitanos, quienes siguen siendo tratados con un alto grado de indeseabilidad y exclusión dentro de la sociedad brasileña, a pesar de su presencia en el país desde el siglo XVI. Al mismo tiempo, los gitanos mantienen un aura de libertad y misticismo en el imaginario cultural brasileño, la cual puede encontrarse en literatura, telenovelas e incluso en Umbanda, es decir, prácticas religiosas afrobrasileñas.

  14. Morfo-anatomia foliar de Myrcia multiflora (Lam. DC. - Myrtaceae Leaf morphoanatomy of Myrcia multiflora (Lam. DC. - Myrtaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.M Donato

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Folhas de Myrcia multiflora (Lam. DC. são usadas na medicina popular como hipoglicemiantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar morfológica e anatomicamente as folhas desta planta, de modo que os dados obtidos possam ser utilizados como referência em exames de controle de qualidade de amostras de fármacos, com vistas a verificar a autenticidade. Folhas inteiras foram diafanizadas e coradas para o estudo da nervação. Secções transversais do pecíolo e transversais e paradérmicas da lâmina foliar foram analisadas em microscópio óptico (MO e a superfície do limbo foi observada, também, em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV. Foram aplicados testes histoquímicos em material fresco, para identificação e localização de glicídios, amido, taninos, lignina, cristais e sílica. Morfologicamente, a folha é simples, oval-elíptica, com margem inteira, base aguda, ápice acuminado e textura cartácea. A venação é do tipo camptódromo-broquidódromo. Anatomicamente, a folha é hipostomática, com mesofilo compacto e dorsiventral, com três estratos de parênquima paliçádico. A epiderme é uniestratificada, silicificada em algumas regiões e as células exibem paredes anticlinais retas. Em posição subepidérmica ocorrem numerosas cavidades secretoras de óleos essenciais. Os feixes vasculares são colaterais e acompanhados por séries cristalíferas. Os dados obtidos são comparados com os de outras espécies de Myrtaceae e conclui-se que as características morfológicas e anatômicas de M. multiflora contribuem para a diagnose.Myrcia multiflora (Lam. DC. leaves have been used in folk medicine as hypoglycemic. The aim of this work is to describe morphoanatomically the leaves of this plant in order to use the obtained data as reference in quality control tests of drug samples, investigating their authenticity. Whole leaves were diaphanized and stained for venation study. Petiole transverse sections and leaf blade

  15. Performance Comparison of a Matrix Solver on a Heterogeneous Network Using Two Implementations of MPI: MPICH and LAM

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phillips, Jennifer K.

    1995-01-01

    Two of the current and most popular implementations of the Message-Passing Standard, Message Passing Interface (MPI), were contrasted: MPICH by Argonne National Laboratory, and LAM by the Ohio Supercomputer Center at Ohio State University. A parallel skyline matrix solver was adapted to be run in a heterogeneous environment using MPI. The Message-Passing Interface Forum was held in May 1994 which lead to a specification of library functions that implement the message-passing model of parallel communication. LAM, which creates it's own environment, is more robust in a highly heterogeneous network. MPICH uses the environment native to the machine architecture. While neither of these free-ware implementations provides the performance of native message-passing or vendor's implementations, MPICH begins to approach that performance on the SP-2. The machines used in this study were: IBM RS6000, 3 Sun4, SGI, and the IBM SP-2. Each machine is unique and a few machines required specific modifications during the installation. When installed correctly, both implementations worked well with only minor problems.

  16. Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, antioxidant and urease inhibitory potential of Cyphostemma digitatum Lam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khan, Rasool; Saif, Abdullah Qasem; Quradha, Mohammad Mansour; Ali, Jawad; Rauf, Abdur

    2015-01-01

    In this paper we report the antimicrobial, antiradical and urease inhibitory potential along with photochemical investigation of the crude extracts of Cyphostemma digitatum Lam. Phytochemical screening of both the crude (hot/cold) alcoholic and aqueous extracts of C. digitatum showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids and tannins. The crude methanolic extract (hot/cold) exhibited good antioxidant activity, while the aqueous extract was a weak antioxidant. The crude methanolic extract was found to be more active against Bacillus subtilis, while both the extracts showed moderate antifungal potential, the methanolic crude extract showed good urease inhibitory activity compared with the aqueous crude extract.

  17. Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. : propagación in vitro a partir de segmentos nodales

    OpenAIRE

    Gattusso, Susana; Scandizzi, Angel; Busilacchi, Héctor; Di Sapio, Osvaldo; Severin, Cecilia

    2007-01-01

    Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. conocida con el nombre vulgar de “marcela”, es intensamente utilizada en la medicina popular por sus propiedades medicinales. En el presente trabajo, se describe una técnica que permite la regeneración de plantas de A. satureioides mediante el cultivo in vitro de segmentos uninodales. Para la regeneración de brotes se empleó un medio semisólido conteniendo ¾ de la concentración de sales minerales y vitaminas del medio de cultivo de Murashige y Sko...

  18. Cultura in vitro de embriões e de gemas de mudas de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) Culture in vitro of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) embryos´seeds and buds explants

    OpenAIRE

    Lucia Handa; Paulo de Tarso B. Sampaio; Regina Caetano Quisen

    2005-01-01

    Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estabelecimento in vitro de embriões e de gemas de mudas de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) livres de contaminações e de oxidação fenólica. As gemas foram obtidas da rebrota de mudas cultivadas em viveiro e os embriões a partir de sementes em diversos estágios de maturação. Para a assepsia dos explantes foram utilizados dois antibiótico (Ampicilina e Agrimicina), etanol (70%) e hipoclorito de sódio, em concentrações e tempo de exposição variando em função ...

  19. Luffa echinata Roxb. Induces Human Colon Cancer Cell (HT-29 Death by Triggering the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yan Yu

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available The antiproliferative properties and cell death mechanism induced by the extract of the fruits of Luffa echinata Roxb. (LER were investigated. The methanolic extract of LER inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer cells (HT-29 in both dose-dependent and time-dependent manners and caused a significant increase in the population of apoptotic cells. In addition, obvious shrinkage and destruction of the monolayer were observed in LER-treated cells, but not in untreated cells. Analysis of the cell cycle after treatment of HT-29 cells with various concentrations indicated that LER extracts inhibited the cellular proliferation of HT-29 cells via G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle. The Reactive oxygen species (ROS level determination revealed that LER extracts induced apoptotic cell death via ROS generation. In addition, LER treatment led to a rapid drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP as a decrease in fluorescence. The transcripts of several apoptosis-related genes were investigated by RT-PCR analysis. The caspase-3 transcripts of HT-29 cells significantly accumulated and the level of Bcl-XL mRNA was decreased after treatment with LER extract. Furthermore, the ratio of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis genes (Bax and Bcl-2 was sharply increased from 1.6 to 54.1. These experiments suggest that LER has anticancer properties via inducing the apoptosis in colon cancer cells, which provided the impetus for further studies on the therapeutic potential of LER against human colon carcinoma.

  20. Chiral magnetic effect search in p+Au, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at RHIC

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Jie

    2018-01-01

    Metastable domains of fluctuating topological charges can change the chirality of quarks and induce local parity violation in quantum chromodynamics. This can lead to observable charge separation along the direction of the strong magnetic field produced by spectator protons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a phenomenon called the chiral magnetic effect (CME). A major background source for CME measurements using the charge-dependent azimuthal correlator (Δϒ) is the intrinsic particle correlations (such as resonance decays) coupled with the azimuthal elliptical anisotropy (v2). In heavy-ion collisions, the magnetic field direction and event plane angle are correlated, thus the CME and the v2-induced background are entangled. In this report, we present two studies from STAR to shed further lights on the background issue. (1) The Δϒ should be all background in small system p+Au and d+Au collisions, because the event plane angles are dominated by geometry fluctuations uncorrelated to the magnetic field direction. However, significant Δϒ is observed, comparable to the peripheral Au+Au data, suggesting a background dominance in the latter, and likely also in the mid-central Au+Au collisions where the multiplicity and v2 scaled correlator is similar. (2) A new approach is devised to study Δϒ as a function of the particle pair invariant mass (minv) to identify the resonance backgrounds and hence to extract the possible CME signal. Signal is consistent with zero within uncertainties at high minv. Signal at low minv, extracted from a two-component model assuming smooth mass dependence, is consistent with zero within uncertainties.

  1. Moringa oleifera Lam: Targeting Chemoprevention.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karim, Nurul Ashikin Abd; Ibrahim, Muhammad Din; Kntayya, Saie Brindha; Rukayadi, Yaya; Hamid, Hazrulizawati Abd; Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull

    2016-01-01

    Moringa oleifera Lam, family Moringaceae, is a perennial plant which is called various names, but is locally known in Malaysia as "murungai" or "kelor". Glucomoringin, a glucosinolate with from M. oleifera is a major secondary metabolite compound. The seeds and leaves of the plant are reported to have the highest amount of glucosinolates. M. oleifera is well known for its many uses health and benefits. It is claimed to have nutritional, medicinal and chemopreventive potentials. Chemopreventive effects of M. oleifera are expected due to the existence of glucosinolate which it is reported to have the ability to induce apoptosis in anticancer studies. Furthermore, chemopreventive value of M. oleifera has been demonstrated in studies utilizing its leaf extract to inhibit the growth of human cancer cell lines. This review highlights the advantages of M. oleifera targeting chemoprevention where glucosinolates could help to slow the process of carcinogenesis through several molecular targets. It is also includes inhibition of carcinogen activation and induction of carcinogen detoxification, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Finally, for synergistic effects of M. oleifera with other drugs and safety, essential for chemoprevention, it is important that it safe to be consumed by human body and works well. Although there is promising evidence about M. oleifera in chemoprevention, extensive research needs to be done due to the expected rise of cancer in coming years and to gain more information about the mechanisms involved in M. oleifera influence, which could be a good source to inhibit several major mechanisms involved in cancer development.

  2. Phytochemical Studies on Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Bauhinia purpurea Linn. and Hardwickia binata Roxb

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. K. Sharanabasappa

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available The present paper deals with the phytochemical studies on Bauhinia racemosa Lam., Bauhinia purpurea Linn. and Hardwickia binata Roxb. The phytochemical study of three plants involve preliminary phytochemical studies, physico-chemical studies, quantitative estimation of primary and secondary metabolites, TLC study and HPLC fingerprint study of ethanolic extract of leaves of three plants. In HPLC fingerprint study, the three peaks at a retention time of 15 min, 17 min and 19 min were identical in B. racemosa and B. purpurea which was confirmed by overlaid spectra. The generated data may be useful in suggesting chemotaxonomical interrelation between three plants.

  3. Goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam., a potential pasture legume for temperate conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eero Varis

    1986-04-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, a perennial legume Galega orientalis Lam. (goat’s rue, is presented. This unselected forage legume originating from regions with a Mediterranean climate, grows well in North-European conditions in Finland. It seems to be very persistent and produces yields that equal or even exceed those of red clover in quantity and quality. The trials on management practices and feeding carried out at the University of Helsinki are reported here. The research will be continued on mass selection for low alcaloid and fiber contents, seed production and use of grass-mixtures for making hay or silage.

  4. Acanthamoebicidal activity of periglaucine A and betulinic acid from Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr. in vitro.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahboob, Tooba; Azlan, Abdul-Majid; Shipton, Fiona Natalia; Boonroumkaew, Patcharaporn; Nor Azman, Nadiah Syafiqah; Sekaran, Shamala Devi; Ithoi, Init; Tan, Tian-Chye; Samudi, Chandramathi; Wiart, Christophe; Nissapatorn, Veeranoot

    2017-12-01

    Acanthamoeba species are pathogenic protozoa which account for amoebic keratitis, conjunctivitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. These amoebae form cysts which resist drugs and more effective acanthamoebicidal agents are needed. Medicinal plants could be useful in improving the current treatment strategies for Acanthamoeba infections. In the present study, we examined the amoebicidal effects of Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr., a medicinal plant used for the treatment of conjunctivitis in Malaysia. Pathogenic Acanthamoeba triangularis were isolated from environmental water samples and treated with different concentrations of fractions obtained from Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr. as well as main constituents for 24-72 h. Chlorhexidine was used as a reference drug. Ethanol fraction of stem showed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of trophozoites survival. Betulinic acid and periglaucine A from this plant at 100 μg/mL inhibited more than 70% survival of both cysts and trophozoites. The calculated therapeutic index for betulinic acid and periglaucine A was 170 and 1.5 for trophozoites stage and 3.75 and 8.5 for cysts stage. The observed amoebicidal efficacies indicate the beneficial aspects of this plant in the treatment of Acanthamoeba infection. Periglaucine A could also be of value for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Tecnologia alternativa para a quebra de dormência das sementes de pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw., Bombacaceae Alternative technology for breaking dormancy of balsa wood (Ochroma lagopus Sw., Bombacaceae seeds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antenor P. Barbosa

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho, teve como objetivo estudar a germinação das sementes de pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw., Bombacaceae em diferentes estágios de maturação aparente dos frutos; a germinação das sementes provenientes de árvores com diferentes diâmetros a altura do peito (DAP e a germinação das sementes tratadas para quebra de dormência. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se a germinação das sementes dos frutos verdes, verdosos (verde amarelado, negros (fruto fechado e negros deiscentes (fruto aberto com painas expostas. No segundo, a germinação das sementes de árvores da mesma idade e com diferentes DAP's: pequeno (5,4 cm, médio (9,1 cm e grande (13,2 cm. No terceiro, a germinação das sementes com diferentes quebra de dormência: testemunha; água por 24 e 48 horas; água a 80ºC até esfriar; H2SO4 por ½ e 1 minuto com e sem paina; queima da paina em peneira metálica; e semeio de sementes com a paina. As sementes germinaram em gerbox sobre papel de filtro, em câmara de germinação, nas temperaturas de 20ºC, 30ºC e 25ºC, no primeiro, segundo e terceiro experimentos, respectivamente. As sementes de pau-de-balsa germinaram melhor e mais rápido quando coletadas de frutos negros a negros deiscentes, ou quando coletadas de árvores com menor e médio diâmetros, ou quando tratadas com água quente a 80ºC até esfriar, ou com ácido sulfúrico por ½ ou 1 minuto com ou sem paina. Os tratamentos com ácido tem a vantagem de quebrar a dormência da semente e dissolver a paina. As sementes recém colhidas e germinadas não apresentaram dormência tegumentar.The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of "pau-de-balsa" (Ochroma lagopus Sw., Bombacaceae seed as a function of maturation stages of fruits, the germination of seeds harvested from trees with different diameters at height breast (DBH, and the germination of seed with different treatments to break dormancy. In the first experiment, the germination of seeds

  6. Nova abordagem metodológica para locação, modelagem 3D e monitoramento de barragens subterrâneas no semiárido brasileiro

    OpenAIRE

    Lima, Alexandre de Oliveira

    2013-01-01

    Apesar do número significativo de barragens construídas nos últimos anos no Brasil e mesmo em outros países, são poucos os estudos técnicos que dão suporte a este crescimento. Com o objetivo de propor uma nova abordagem metodológica para o processo de locação e monitoramento de barragens subterrâneas, em condições de clima semiárido, foram realizados estudos em duas sub-bacias hidrográficas (do rio das Cobras e Pau Lavrado) ambas situadas no semiárido do Estado do Rio Grande. Nesta nova abord...

  7. A Cuca vai pegar! Medidas do corpo no caldeirão discursivo do medo = Cuca will catch you! body measures in the discursive fear cauldron

    OpenAIRE

    Nilton Milanez

    2011-01-01

    Este artigo discutirá a lenda da Cuca, bruxa brasileira, que será investigada a partir de três modalidades: a canção infantil “Nana, nenê” de tradição oral, a partitura corporal da Cuca no livro “O Saci” de Monteiro Lobato e a imagem da Cuca em um episódio da edição televisiva do “Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo”, em 2001, pela Rede Globo.Tomando os postulados de Michel Foucault na análise do discurso da maneira como a praticamos no Brasil, discutirei a forma como o discurso do medo atravessa o cor...

  8. Achillea filipendulina Lam.

    OpenAIRE

    2009-01-01

    Из этанольного экстракта надземных частей Achillea filipendulina Lam., собранных в период массового цветения, методом колоночной хроматографии выделено кристаллическое вещество (I) состава C30H50O2 с температурой плавления 210-212 °С (из водного этанола). При омылении вещество образует соединение (II) состава C28H48O с температурой плавления 179-180 °С (из водного этанола). На основании химических и спектральных (ИК-1, 1Н, 13С, Dept. 135 ЯМР спектров) данных I и II установлено строение исслед...

  9. Other chemical constituents isolated from Solanum crinitum Lam. (Solanaceae)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cornelius, Marli T.F.; Carvalho, Mario G. de; Silva, Tania M.S. da; Alves, Cassia C.F.; Siston, Ana P.N.; Alves, Kelly Z.; Sant'Anna, Carlos M.R.; Benassi Neto, Mario; Eberlin, Marcos N.; Braz-Filho, Raimundo

    2010-01-01

    The phytochemical investigation of Solanum crinitum Lam led to the isolation from the fruit trichomes of four flavonoids, tiliroside (1), astragalin (2), kaempferol (3), biochanin A-7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->5)-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), along with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12), and four cinnamic acid derivatives, cis- and trans-coumaric acids (10 and 11) and cis- and trans- ethyl coumarate (8 and 9). Three tri-glycosyl-steroidal alkaloids, solamargine (13), 20-epi-solamargine (14) and solasonine (16) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the green fruits. The derivatives 3,5,7,4'-tretra-O-methyl-kaempferol (4), 3,7,4'-tri-O-methyl-kaempferol (5), 3,7,4'-tri-O-methyl-5-O-acetyl-kaempferol (6), the peracetyl-episolamargine (15) and peracetyl-solasonine (17) were prepared. The structures were established through the analysis of their spectral data. The complete 1 H and 13 C NMR data assignments of the new peracetyl derivatives of the alkaloids were made. (author)

  10. [Medical assessments and measurements in ELSA-Brasil].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mill, Jose Geraldo; Pinto, Karina; Griep, Rosane Härter; Goulart, Alessandra; Foppa, Murilo; Lotufo, Paulo A; Maestri, Marcelo K; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz; Andreão, Rodrigo Varejão; Dantas, Eduardo Miranda; Oliveira, Ilka; Fuchs, Sandra C; Cunha, Roberto de Sá; Bensenor, Isabela M

    2013-06-01

    The article describes assessments and measurements performed in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure measurement, and ankle-brachial index have an established clinical application while others including pulse wave velocity, heart rate variability, and carotid intima-media thickness have no established application and do not have reference values for healthy Brazilian population but may be important predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. Blood pressure measurement following postural change maneuver was included in the ELSA-Brasil because it has not been much tested in epidemiological studies. Innovative approaches were developed for assessing the ankle-brachial index using an automatic device instead of the mercury column to measure blood pressure and for assessing the anterior-posterior diameter of the right lobe of the liver by ultrasound for quantitative assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. All ELSA-Brasil subjects were younger (35 years or more) than those included in other cohorts studying subclinical atherosclerosis. The inclusion of younger individuals and a variety of assessments make the ELSA-Brasil a relevant epidemiology study nationwide and worldwide.

  11. Efectos del ataque de fitófagos perforadores en el fruto de la encina (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.)

    OpenAIRE

    Soria Iglesias, Francisco Javier; Cano Sánchez, Esperanza; Ocete Rubio, María Elvira

    1996-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se realizan pruebas de germinación de frutos de encina (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) afectadas por los fitófagos Curculio elephas Gyll. (COL., CURCULIONIDAE) y las especies del género Cydia, C. penkleriana (D. & Schiff.) y C. fagiglandana (Zel.) (LER, TORTRICIDAE). También recoge una serie de mediciones del fruto cuya finalidad es valorar los daños directos de estas especies.

  12. Variedades da Democracia no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Bizzarro

    Full Text Available Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos resultados coletados pelo projeto Variedades da Democracia para o Brasil. Descrevemos a evolução histórica da democracia brasileira entre 1900 e 2015 enfocando seus cinco principais componentes (eleitoral, liberal, participativo, deliberativo e igualitário e duas dimensões adjacentes ao regime (corrupção e partidos políticos. Por fim, nós comparamos os dados para o Brasil com resultados obtidos para outros países da América do Sul. A análise dos dados aponta: a. a existência de uma trajetória “em espiral” dos regimes políticos no Brasil, na qual novas experiências democráticas tendem a superar experiências anteriores em todos os quesitos; b. os avanços e limites da experiência democrática contemporânea em que se combinam bons resultados nos indicadores eleitoral, liberal e deliberativo da democracia, e resultados menos elevados nos componentes igualitário e participativo do regime, bem como em suas dimensões adjacentes.

  13. Interacción entre las estructuras comerciales y los espacios libres – Comparación de casos: El PAU de Vallecas y la Ciudad de los Ángeles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose Francisco Lazarte Castillo

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available ResumenEl texto que se presenta a continuación es un trabajo de investigación que contrasta dos barrios periféricos ubicados dentro de Madrid Metropolitana; El PAU de Vallecas situado en el distrito de Villa de Vallecas y la Ciudad de Los Ángeles ubicado en el distrito de Villaverde. Ambos casos, que pertenecen al Plan General de Madrid de 1985 y 1939 respectivamente, son dos tipologías opuestas de barrios, con una morfología urbana distinta a la otra la cual influye notoriamente en el funcionamiento del barrio, en la configuración de los espacios libres y en la distribución, y en algunos casos existencia, de los locales comerciales los cuales son necesarios para obtener dinámicas positivas en el barrio. Se busca identificar los locales comerciales y sus tipologías, como también su relación con los espacios libres y los efectos que causa el binomio comercio – espacio libre.Palabras clave  Madrid, comercio, espacio libre, centro comercial, manzana abierta – cerrada, periferia.AbstractThis article presents a contrast between two neighborhoods situated in the outskirt of Madrid Matropolitana; PAU de Vallecas which belongs to Villa de Vallecas district and Ciudad de los Angeles which belongs to Villaverde district. Both cases, which belong to the Madrid Plan of 1985 and 1939 respectively, are two opposite types of neighborhoods, with differences in the urban morphology, having a remarkable impact on the operation of the district, in the configuration of open spaces and distribution, and in some cases existence of commercial premises which are necessary for positive dynamics in the neighborhood. It seeks to identify the premises and their types, as well as its relationship with open spaces and the effects caused by the binomial commerce - free space.KeywordsMadrid, commercial cores, open space, shopping center, open plot – closed, periphery.  

  14. Coagulation diagram using the Moringa oleifera Lam and the aluminium sulphate, aiming the removal of color and turbidity of water - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v35i3.12268

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Cardoso Valverde

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available This work suggests the study of the coagulation diagram as a tool to verify the efficiency in removing color and turbidity of the water, using the Moringa oleifera Lam and the association of this biopolymer with the aluminium sulphate as coagulating agents. The assays were carried out in Jar Test, by varying the concentrations of coagulants and pH of coagulation. After the assays of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, samples were collected for the evaluation of the process efficiency. Best results were obtained at dose of 50 ppm of Moringa oleifera Lam. When associating the coagulants, the addition of the aluminium sulphate provided an increase in the efficiency of coagulation/flocculation, whose parameters of control used were color and turbidity. It was verified that the study of the coagulation diagram is useful, since it enables developing the assays in the optimal range, as a function of the raw water characteristics. The use of the Moringa oleifera Lam can be considered as an alternative technique to the conventional treatment.  

  15. Strong solutions to a Navier–Stokes–Lamé system on a domain with a non-flat boundary

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kukavica, Igor; Ziane, Mohammed; Tuffaha, Amjad

    2011-01-01

    In this paper, we consider a Navier–Stokes–Lamé system modeling a fluid–structure interaction. For a general domain, we establish local well-posedness for strong solutions in which initial velocity u 0 belongs to H 1 while the initial data (w 0 , w 1 ) for the elasticity equation belongs to (H 3/2+k , H 1/2+k ) for any k in (0, k 0 ) where k 0 is an explicit positive constant

  16. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Ruta chalapensis (L), Quercus infectoria (Oliver) and Canthium parviflorum (Lam)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Priya, P. Sathiya; Sasikumar, J.M.; Gowsigan, G.

    2009-01-01

    The present study aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Ruta chalapensis, L., (Rutaceae), Quercus infectoria Oliver., (Fagaceae) and Canthium parviflorum Lam., (Rubiaceae) against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella oxytocoa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. The experiment was carried out using disc diffusion method. The results revealed that the methanol extract of aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis (L) presented the highest zone of inhibition against tested pathogens. Other plants showed significant zone of inhibition. PMID:22557348

  17. Simbiose micorrízica arbuscular em pau-ferro (Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P. Queiroz var. ferrea) visando maximização da produção de fitoquímicos foliares com potencial medicinal

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Francineyde Alves da

    2014-01-01

    Libidibia ferrea (pau-ferro), árvore da região semi-árida nordestina, tem potencial medicinal devido à presença de compostos secundários. Esta espécie forma associação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA), que podem levar ao aumento na produção de compostos bioativos em plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o papel da simbiose micorrízica arbuscular e da adição de P ao substrato na produção de compostos em mudas produzidas em telado e em plantas estabelecidas em campo. O pri...

  18. "Phloem sap analysis of Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken, Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub. and Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam) and hemolymph of Kerria lacca (Kerr) using HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry".

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vashishtha, Amit; Rathi, Brijesh; Kaushik, Sandeep; Sharma, K K; Lakhanpaul, Suman

    2013-10-01

    Females of lac insects especially of Kerria lacca (Kerr) secret a resin known as lac for their own protection, which has tremendous applications. Lac insect completes its lifecycle on several host taxa where it exclusively feeds on phloem sap but Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken, Butea monosperma (Lam.) and Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam.) are its major hosts. Analysis of phloem sap constituents as well as hemolymph of lac insect is important because it ultimately gets converted into lac by insect intervention. Main phloem sap constituent's viz. sugars and free amino acids and hemolymph of lac insect were analyzed using HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The results were transformed to relative percentage of the total sugars and free amino acids analyzed in each sample for comparison among lac insect hemolymph and the phloem sap of the three different host taxa. Sucrose (58.9 ± 3.6-85.6 ± 0.9) and trehalose (62.3 ± 0.4) were the predominant sugars in phloem sap of three taxa and hemolymph of lac insect, respectively. Glutamic acid (33.1 ± 1.4-39.8 ± 1.4) was found to be main amino acid among the phloem sap of three taxa while tyrosine (61 ± 2.6) was the major amino acid in hemolymph of lac insect. The relative percentage of non-essential amino acids (60.8 %-69.9 %) was found to be more in all the three host taxa while essential amino acids (30.1 %-35.4 %) were present at a lower relative percentage. In contrast to this, the relative percentage of essential amino acids (81.9 %) was observed to be higher as compared to non-essential amino acids (17.7 %) in lac insect hemolymph. These results led to the detection of lac insect's endosymbionts. Moreover, this study revealed a clue regarding the importance of development of a synthetic diet for this insect so that a precise pathway of lac biosynthesis could be investigated for thorough understanding.

  19. MARGEM DENTRO DA MARGEM: OLHAR ANGOLANO PARA O BRASIL

    OpenAIRE

    Montaury, Alexandre

    2008-01-01

    O ARTIGO PROPÕE UMA ANÁLISE DE UM DOS MAIS RECENTES TRABALHOS DO ESCRITOR RUY DUARTE DE CARVALHO, DESMEDIDA – LUANDA, SÃO PAULO, SÃO FRANCISCO E VOLTA: CRÓNICAS DO BRASIL (2006), PARA FORMULAR ENTENDIMENTOS ACERCA DO REDIMENSIONAMENTO DOS TRÂNSITOS CULTURAIS ENTRE O BRASIL E ANGOLA, NA EXPERIÊNCIA CONTEMPORÂNEA. O OBJETIVO DESTA PROPOSTA É PÔREM QUESTÃO A ESPECIFICIDADE DE UM OLHAR ANGOLANO PARA O BRASIL QUE, ALÉM DE LER A MARGEM DE DENTRO DA MARGEM, ATUALIZA AS FORMAS DE “COMUNHÃO DA EXPERIÊ...

  20. Other chemical constituents isolated from Solanum crinitum Lam. (Solanaceae)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cornelius, Marli T.F.; Carvalho, Mario G. de; Silva, Tania M.S. da; Alves, Cassia C.F.; Siston, Ana P.N.; Alves, Kelly Z.; Sant' Anna, Carlos M.R., E-mail: mgeraldo@ufrrj.b [Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica; Benassi Neto, Mario; Eberlin, Marcos N. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica; Braz-Filho, Raimundo [Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacases, RJ (Brazil). Setor de Quimica de Produtos Naturais. Lab. de Ciencias Quimicas

    2010-07-01

    The phytochemical investigation of Solanum crinitum Lam led to the isolation from the fruit trichomes of four flavonoids, tiliroside (1), astragalin (2), kaempferol (3), biochanin A-7-O-{beta}-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->5)-{beta}-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-{beta}-D-glucopyranoside (7), along with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12), and four cinnamic acid derivatives, cis- and trans-coumaric acids (10 and 11) and cis- and trans- ethyl coumarate (8 and 9). Three tri-glycosyl-steroidal alkaloids, solamargine (13), 20-epi-solamargine (14) and solasonine (16) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the green fruits. The derivatives 3,5,7,4'-tretra-O-methyl-kaempferol (4), 3,7,4'-tri-O-methyl-kaempferol (5), 3,7,4'-tri-O-methyl-5-O-acetyl-kaempferol (6), the peracetyl-episolamargine (15) and peracetyl-solasonine (17) were prepared. The structures were established through the analysis of their spectral data. The complete {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR data assignments of the new peracetyl derivatives of the alkaloids were made. (author)

  1. Phytochemical screening and studies of analgesic potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. stem bark extract on experimental animal model

    OpenAIRE

    Shumaia Parvin; Md. Abu Shuaib Rafshanjani; Md. Abdul Kader; Most. Afia Akhtar; Tahmida Sharmin

    2014-01-01

    The work has been done for the phytochemical investigation and study of analgesic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. ethanolic stem bark extract using Acetic Acid Induced Writhing method. The effect of extract was tested for qualitative chemical analysis which reveals the presence of alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponin, carbohydrate etc. For peripheral analgesic effect acetic acid induced writhing test was used and for this stem bark extract was administered intraperitoneally at...

  2. Manganelli "posfaciado" no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Santurbano

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available É sabido como o escritor italiano Giorgio Manganelli (1922-1990 amava escrever para seus livros orelhas e contracapas que, de alguma forma, dialogavam e integravam o próprio texto. Já em dois dos seus três livros traduzidos no Brasil – Hilarotragoedia (Imago, 1993 e Centúria (Iluminuras, 1995 –, encontram- se prefácios e introduções, sendo reposicionados ou parcialmente omitidos os peritextos, de acordo com a definição de Genette, originais. Este artigo, portanto, pretende analisar a diferente articulação dos paratextos nas edições traduzidas, a fim de refletir sobre as estratégias pensadas para a recepção no Brasil de um autor, sem dúvida, de difícil acesso.

  3. Oriënterend onderzoek over de reuzen- en dwergplanten in F1 en volgende generaties van Phaseolus vulgaris L. x Phaseolus multiflorus Lam.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Geerts, Sipke Johannes

    1949-01-01

    A cross is studied between the selffertilising bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) "Zeeuwse Bruine Boon" and crossfertilising runner bean (Phaseolus multiflorus Lam.) "stam" (a scarlet flowering stockrunner-bean) or some other (climbing) runners. With the bushbean as mother this cross easily results

  4. Evaluation of extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam seeds obtained with NaCl and their effects on water treatment - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v34i3.9605

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Jurca Seolin

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Several natural coagulants have been studied for use in water treatment. The seed of Moringa oleifera Lam, for example, is a natural coagulant whose extract has been mentioned as effective not only for removing color, turbidity, and compounds with absorption at UV-254 nm, but also for significantly reducing the amount of sludge and bacteria in wastewaters. Therefore, the present study (1 evaluated the molecular weight of the extract of Moringa oleifera seed utilizing electrophoresis, and (2 compared the efficiency of different extracts obtained, using solutions of NaCl (0.01 M, 0.1 M and 1 M, distilled water, and Moringa oleifera Lam seed, acting as a natural coagulant in order to obtain drinking water. The tests were performed in Jar Test, and the effectiveness of the process was assessed regarding the removal of color, turbidity and UV-254 nm. It was observed that the molecular weight found in this study is consistent with literature data. Moreover, the highest removal efficiency of color, turbidity, and UV-254 nm occurred with 1M NaCl solution, with coagulant concentration between 100 and 300 mg L-1. The results obtained evidenced that the seed of Moringa oleifera Lam is a great alternative for use as a coagulant in drinking water treatment systems. 

  5. Study of Antipyretic Activity of Bauhinia racemosa lam in Rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V.I. Borikar

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available The study was conducted to screen the antipyretic activity of alcoholic extract of the stem bark of Bauhinia racemosa Lam. as per the method discribed by Bhalla et.al, (1971. Thirty six healthy rats weighing between 200-250gms were divided into six groups of six animals each, with 50% sex ratio. The initial rectal temperature of each animal was recorded by digital thermometer and its hourly variation was noted for 3 hours. The pyrexia was induced by injecting a suspension of 15% of brewer’s yeast and 2% gum acacia in normal saline sub-cutaneously below the nape of neck @ 1ml/100gm of animal weight. The difference in temperature between 0 hour and respective time interval was found out by statistical method. The potency of extract to bring down the temperature was compared with that of the control group. The extract showed marked antipyretic activity in a dose dependent manner. [Vet World 2009; 2(6.000: 215-216

  6. [Fifty years of green memory: nursing care for the environment].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wächter, Maria Isaura Fradera; Piccinini, Gema Conte; Matzenbacher, Nelson Ivo

    2003-08-01

    This paper describes the activities related to the 50th anniversary celebration of the Nursing School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It aimed at surveying the trees of the florula of the green area that surrounds the School and rescuing the memory of those who planted each specimen. The orphan trees were offered to the teaching and administrative staff for adoption. Adding up the erva-mate and the pau-brasil trees planted during the celebration, there are a total of 100 trees distributed into 18 families and 29 species out of which 15 are native and 14 are exotic trees. The erva-mate tree and its monument represent the landmark of this significant date.

  7. Limited Area Predictability: Is There A Limit To The Operational Usefulness of A Lam

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mesinger, F.

    The issue of the limited area predictability in the context of the operational experience of the Eta Model, driven by the LBCs of the NCEP global spectral (Avn) model, is examined. The traditional view is that "the contamination at the lateral boundaries ... limits the operational usefulness of the LAM beyond some forecast time range". In the case of the Eta this contamination consists not only of the lower resolution of the Avn LBCs and the much discussed mathematical "lateral boundary error", but also of the use of the LBCs of the previous Avn run, at 0000 and 1200 UTC estimated to amount to about an 8 h loss in accuracy. Looking for the signs of the Eta accuracy in relative terms falling behind that of the Avn we have examined the trend of the Eta vs Avn precipitation scores, the rms fits to raobs of the two models as a function of time, and the errors of these models at extended forecast times in placing the centers of major lows. In none of these efforts, some including forecasts out to 84 h, we were able to notice signs of the Eta accuracy being visibly affected by the inflow of the lateral boundary errors. It is therefore hypothesized that some of the Eta design features compensate for the increasing influence of the Avn LBC errors. Candidate features are discussed, with the eta coordinate being a contender to play a major role. This situation being possible for the pair of models discussed, existence of a general limit for the operational usefulness of a LAM seems questionable.

  8. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and phenol content in jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) fruit pulp.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jagtap, Umesh B; Panaskar, Shrimant N; Bapat, V A

    2010-06-01

    The antioxidant capacity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Fam. Moracae) fruit pulp (JFP) obtained from Western Ghats India was determined by evaluating the scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power assays and N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD) radical cation decolorization assay. JFP was analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC). The ethanol and water are the best solvents for the extracting phenols and flavonoids from the JFP. The antioxidant activities of JFP extracts were correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoids content. The results indicated that the jackfruit pulp is one natural source of antioxidant compounds.

  9. NGRI LAM-MC-ICPMS National Facility: reproducibility of Sr, Nd and Hf isotopic measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bhaskar Rao, Y.J.; Vijaya Gopal, B.; Babu, E.V.S.S.K.; Sukumaran, N.P.; Sreenivas, B.; Vijaya Kumar, T.; Krishna, K.V.S.S.; Tomson, J.K.

    2009-01-01

    A laboratory facility was established at the NGRI, primarily to support research in Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology. Central to this facility are a Multiple Collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (MC-ICPMS: Nu Plasma HR, Nu Instruments, UK) and a 213 nm Nd-YAG UV Laser Ablation Microprobe (LAM: UP-213, New Wave Research, USA) and a clean chemistry laboratory for dissolution and chromatographic extraction of a range of elements. This article presents a summary of the accuracy and precision of MC-ICPMS Sr, Nd and Hf isotopic measurements (solution mode) on Standard Reference Materials: SRM-987, JNd i and JMC-475 respectively, measured between October 2007 and August 2009

  10. Physical activity in Brazil: lessons from ELSA-Brasil. Narrative review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pitanga, Francisco José Gondim; Almeida, Maria Conceição Chagas; Queiroz, Ciro Oliveira; Aquino, Estela Maria Leão de; Matos, Sheila Maria Alvim

    2017-01-01

    The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was conducted among civil servants at six higher education institutions located in six Brazilian state capitals. The objective of this review was to identify the publications produced within the scope of ELSA-Brasil that analyzed the participants' physical activity. Review study using baseline data from ELSA-Brasil. Narrative review of Brazilian studies on physical activity produced using data from ELSA-Brasil participants. The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among ELSA-Brasil participants was low (44.1% among men and 33.8% among women). The main factors associated were social (higher schooling and family income), environmental (living in places with conditions and opportunities for physical activity) and individual (not being obese, being retired, not smoking and positive perception of body image). The perception of facilities for walking in the neighborhood was positively associated with both LTPA and commuting-related physical activity. An active lifestyle was a protective factor against several cardiometa-bolic variables (hypertension, diabetes, lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk over the next 10 years). Comparison between LTPA and commuting-related physical activity showed that only LTPA had a protective effect against arterial hypertension. The prevalence of physical activity among ELSA-Brasil participants was low. The main determinants were social, environmental and personal. LTPA had a greater protective efect on cardio-metabolic outcomes than did commuting-related physical activity.

  11. Immunohistological Analysis of In Situ Expression of Mycobacterial Antigens in Skin Lesions of Leprosy Patients Across the Histopathological Spectrum : Association of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and Mycobacterium leprae Phenolic Glycolipid-I (PGL-I) with Leprosy Reactions

    OpenAIRE

    Verhagen, Claudia; Faber, William; Klatser, Paul; Buffing, Anita; Naafs, Ben; Das, Pranab

    1999-01-01

    The presence of mycobacterial antigens in leprosy skin lesions was studied by immunohistological methods using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to Mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) and to cross-reactive mycobacterial antigens of 36 kd, 65 kd, and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). The staining patterns with MAb to 36 kd and 65 kd were heterogeneous and were also seen in the lesions of other skin diseases. The in situ staining of PGL-I and LAM was seen only in ...

  12. O IDRC no Brasil

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    sociais. Um destes pesquisadores finan- ciados pelo IDRC, Fernando Henrique. Cardoso, serviu o Brasil como ... Outorgado: Rede para a Pesquisa em. Sistemas e Serviços de ... e parcerias entre os setores público e privado. Maio de 2010.

  13. El IDRC en Brasil

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    en 1985, el IDRC ayudó a intelectuales de ideas democráticas ... más sostenible. □ los países ... CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIONES PARA EL DESARROLLO. El IDRC en Brasil ... a las personas y al medio ambiente. Investi-.

  14. Changes in polyphenolics during maturation of Java plum (Syzygium cumini Lam.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lestario, Lydia Ninan; Howard, Luke R; Brownmiller, Cindi; Stebbins, Nathan B; Liyanage, Rohana; Lay, Jackson O

    2017-10-01

    Java plum (Syzygium cumini Lam.) is a rich source of polyphenolics with many purported health benefits, but the effect of maturation on polyphenolic content is unknown. Freeze-dried samples of Java plum from seven different maturity stages were analyzed for anthocyanin, flavonol, flavanonol and hydrolysable tannin composition by HPLC. Anthocyanins were first detected at the green-pink stage of maturity and increased throughout maturation with the largest increase occurring from the dark purple to black stages of maturation. Levels of gallotannins, ellagitannins, flavonols, gallic acid and ellagic acid were highest at early stages of maturation and decreased as the fruit ripened. For production of antioxidant-rich nutraceutical ingredients, fruit should be harvested immature to obtain extracts rich in hydrolysable tannins and flavonols. The exceptional anthocyanin content of black fruit may prove useful as a source of a natural colorant. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. What role for law in achieving transboundary drainage basin security?--the development and testing of the Legal Assessment Model (LAM) for transboundary watercourse states.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wouters, P K

    2004-01-01

    The beneficial use of the world's transboundary waters raises difficult issues for drainage basin security on most parts of the globe. International law provides that each transboundary watercourse State is entitled to, and obliged to ensure, an "equitable and reasonable use" of these shared waters. The IWLRI developed and tested a Legal Assessment Model (LAM) through the work of interdisciplinary teams working in three different transboundary situations--China (upstream), Mozambique (downstream) and Palestine (shared groundwater). The LAM provides a tool for transboundary watercourse States to use in the preparation of their national water strategy for use at the national and international levels. The model should now be tested at the basin level, with a view to assisting to accomplish the peaceful and rational use of transboundary waters in line with the governing rule of international law and thereby to facilitate the overall policy objective of drainage basin security.

  16. Qualidade de jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Lam. desidratada sob diferentes condições de processo Quality of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Lam. dehydrated under different processing conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lenice Freiman de Oliveira

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Os frutos da jaqueira (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. são consumidos na forma in natura pelas mais diversas camadas da população e sua alta perecibilidade leva a um índice elevado de perda pós-colheita, acarretando prejuízos para os produtores dessa frutífera. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura de secagem (50, 60 e 70 °C e do teor de umidade final (20 e 25% sobre as características químicas e sensoriais da jaca desidratada. Foram realizadas análises de matéria seca, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos, além da avaliação sensorial. Os resultados globais obtidos mostraram que a jaca desidratada possui teor de matéria seca de 74,2 a 80,9%, cinzas de 3,1 a 3,8%, proteínas de 3,2 a 6,6%, lipídeos de 0,09 a 1,2% e carboidratos de 89,8 a 92,4%. A avaliação sensorial mostrou que o produto de maior aceitação (média de 5,95 foi aquele desidratado a 50 °C e com 20% de umidade final, demonstrando que este pode ser uma alternativa alimentar para as regiões produtoras de jaca.Jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. are consumed in natura by the most diverse sectors of the population, and their high perishability lead to high indexes of postharvest losses, leading to prejudice for the producers of this fruit. Thus the objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of the drying temperature (50, 60 and 70 °C and the final moisture content (20 and 25% on the chemical and sensory characteristics of dried jackfruit. The overall results obtained showed that the dehydrated jackfruit had a dry matter content of from 74.2 to 80.9%, ash content from 3.1 to 3.8%, protein content from 3.2 to 6.6%, fat content from 0.09 to 1.2% and carbohydrate content from 89.8 to 92.4%. The sensory evaluation showed that the most accepted product (average of 5.95 was dehydrated at 50 °C, with a final moisture content of 20%, showing that this could be a food alternative for areas producing jackfruit.

  17. HISTÓRIA DAS IDÉIAS PEDAGÓGICAS NO BRASIL

    OpenAIRE

    Aline Perazzoli; Maristela Ferreira da Rocha; Sandino Hoff

    2015-01-01

    A interrogação sobre a história da educação no Brasil, as idéias educacionais componentes e o lugar a ela conferida na pesquisa e no ensino universitário constitui-se no tema central do livro História das idéias Pedagógicas no Brasil, elaborado a partir dos resultados da investigação conduzida pelo autor com Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq. Cobre o conjunto de idéias pedagógicas no Brasil desde 1549 até nossos dias. O professor Saviani é formado em Filosofia pela PUC − SP, é dou...

  18. Physical activity in Brazil: lessons from ELSA-Brasil. Narrative review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco José Gondim Pitanga

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil was conducted among civil servants at six higher education institutions located in six Brazilian state capitals. The objective of this review was to identify the publications produced within the scope of ELSA-Brasil that analyzed the participants’ physical activity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review study using baseline data from ELSA-Brasil. METHODS: Narrative review of Brazilian studies on physical activity produced using data from ELSA-Brasil participants. RESULTS: The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA among ELSA-Brasil participants was low (44.1% among men and 33.8% among women. The main factors associated were social (higher schooling and family income, environmental (living in places with conditions and opportunities for physical activity and individual (not being obese, being retired, not smoking and positive perception of body image. The perception of facilities for walking in the neighborhood was positively associated with both LTPA and commuting-related physical activity. An active lifestyle was a protective factor against several cardiometa-bolic variables (hypertension, diabetes, lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk over the next 10 years. Comparison between LTPA and commuting-related physical activity showed that only LTPA had a protective effect against arterial hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of physical activity among ELSA-Brasil participants was low. The main determinants were social, environmental and personal. LTPA had a greater protective efect on cardio-metabolic outcomes than did commuting-related physical activity.

  19. Cytotoxicity evaluation of extracts and fractions of five marine sponges from the Persian Gulf and HPLC fingerprint analysis of cytotoxic extracts

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Davood; Mahdian; Milad; Iranshahy; Abolfazl; Shakeri; Azar; Hoseini; Hoda; Yavari; Melika; Nazemi; Mehrdad; Iranshahi

    2015-01-01

    Objective: To screen the cytotoxic effects of some marine sponges extracts on HeLa and PC12 cells.Methods: Five marine sponges including Ircinia echinata(I. echinata), Dysidea avara,Axinella sinoxea, Haliclona tubifera and Haliclona violacea were collected from the Persian Gulf(Hengam Island). The cytotoxic effect of these sponges was evaluated by using MTT assay. The metabolic high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of I. echinata was also carried out at two wavelengths(254 and 280 nm).Results: Among the sponges tested in this study, the extracts of I. echinata and Dysidea avara possessed the cytotoxic effect on HeLa and PC12 cells. The obtained fractions from high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against the cell lines. The isolated fractions did not show significant cytotoxic properties.Conclusions: I. echinata could be considered as a potential extract for chemotherapy.Further investigation is needed to determine the accuracy of mechanism.

  20. Cytotoxicity evaluation of extracts and fractions of ifve marine sponges from the Persian Gulf and HPLC ifngerprint analysis of cytotoxic extracts

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Davood Mahdian; Milad Iranshahy; Abolfazl Shakeri; Azar Hoseini; Hoda Yavari; Melika Nazemi; Mehrdad Iranshahi

    2015-01-01

    Objective:To screen the cytotoxic effects of some marine sponges extracts on HeLa and PC12 cells. Methods: Five marine sponges including Ircinia echinata (I. echinata), Dysidea avara, Axinella sinoxea, Haliclona tubifera and Haliclona violacea were collected from the Persian Gulf (Hengam Island). The cytotoxic effect of these sponges was evaluated by using MTT assay. The metabolic high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of I. echinata was also carried out at two wavelengths (254 and 280 nm). Results:Among the sponges tested in this study, the extracts of I. echinata and Dysidea avara possessed the cytotoxic effect on HeLa and PC12 cells. The obtained fractions from high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against the cell lines. The isolated fractions did not show significant cytotoxic properties. Conclusions:I. echinata could be considered as a potential extract for chemotherapy. Further investigation is needed to determine the accuracy of mechanism.

  1. Crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial da cultura da moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam. submetida à fertilização orgânica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. M. A. Souza

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available A moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam é uma árvore nativa da Índia e de elevada importância principalmente pelo seu valor nutricional, medicinal e de purificação da água. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de níveis de fertilização orgânica no crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de moringa nas condições semiáridas do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de túnel plástico, localizado no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal, UFCG. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos compostos de sete níveis de fertilização orgânica (0,0; 108,0; 216,0; 432,0; 864,0; 1728,0 e 3456,0 g.vaso-1, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: i altura das plantas (cm, ii diâmetro do caule (mm, iii número de folhas, iv fitomassa fresca das folhas, v fiomassa seca da parte aérea (g, vi fitomassa seca da raiz (g, vii razão fitomassa seca da parte aérea/raiz (g e, viii comprimento da raiz principal (cm. A utilização dos níveis de fertilização orgânica influenciou significativamente o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial das mudas de moringa. Com a elevação dos níveis de esterco adicionados ao substrato, observou-se o decréscimo das variáveis analisadas, tendo como melhor resultado o nível de 864,0 g.vaso-1 para a altura da planta e o nível de 432,0 g.vaso-1 para os demais parâmetros avaliados. O nível de 432,0 g.vaso-1 provocou os maiores acréscimos na massa seca da parte aérea e comprimento das raízes. Os níveis de esterco bovino de 108,0 g.vaso-1 e 432,0 g.vaso-1, promoveram um maior incremento para a razão entre a parte aérea/raiz e comprimento da raiz, respectivamente. Para produção de mudas de moringa de boa qualidade a aplicação de pequenas quantidades de esterco bovino é suficiente.Organic fertilization levels on the vegetative growth of

  2. Preface: Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Liquid and Amorphous Metals (LAM13) (Ekaterinburg, Russia, 8 14 July 2007)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Popel, Pjotr; Gelchinskii, Boris; Sidorov, Valeriy

    2008-03-01

    The most recent developments in the field of liquid and amorphous metals and alloys are regularly updated through two complementary international conferences: the liquid and amorphous metals conference (LAM) and the rapidly quenched materials (RQ) conference. The first series of conferences started as LM1 in 1966 at Brookhaven for the basic understanding of liquid metals. The subsequent LM conferences were held in Tokyo (1972) and Bristol (1976). The conference was renewed in Grenoble (1980) as a LAM conference including amorphous metals and continued in Los Angeles (1983), Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1986), Kyoto (1989), Vienna (1992), Chicago (1995), Dortmund (1998), Yokohama (2001) and Metz (2004). The conferences are mainly devoted to liquid and amorphous metals and alloys. However, communications on some non-metallic systems such as semiconductors, quasicrystals etc, are also accepted. The conference tradition strongly encourages participation from junior researchers and graduate students. The 13th conference of the LAM series was organized in Ekaterinburg, Russia, by the Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMet UB RAS) and the Ural State Pedagogical University (USPU), and held from 8-14 July 2007 under the chairmanship of Professors Pjotr Popel (USPU) and Boris Gelchinskii (IMet UB RAS). Two hundred and forty two active participants and about 60 guest participants from 20 countries attended the conference. There were no parallel sessions and all oral reports were separated into three groups: invited talks (40 min), full-scale oral reports (25 min), and brief oral reports (15 min). The program included ten sessions, ranging from purely theoretical subjects to the technological application of molten and amorphous alloys. The following sessions took place: A: Electronic structure and transport, magnetic properties; B: Phase transitions; C: Structure; D: Atomic dynamics and transport; E: Thermodynamics; F: Modelling

  3. Brasil y "América Latina" Brazil and "Latin America"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leslie Bethell

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo, en parte historia de las ideas y en parte historia de las relaciones internacionales, examina la relación del Brasil con América Latina en perspectiva histórica. Durante más de un siglo, con posterioridad a la independencia, ni los intelectuales ni los gobiernos hispanoamericanos consideraron al Brasil como parte de "América latina". En cuanto a los intelectuales y los gobiernos brasileños, excepto por su relación con el Río de la Plata, sólo tenían ojos para Europa y, cada vez más después de 1889, los Estados Unidos. Cuando, en especial durante la Guerra Fría, los Estados Unidos, y por extensión el resto del mundo, comenzaron a tratar al Brasil como parte de América Latina, los gobiernos brasileños y los intelectuales brasileños, con la excepción de algunos de izquierda, seguían sin pensar al Brasil como parte integral de esta región. Desde el fin de la Guerra Fría, el Brasil ha comenzado a poner en práctica por primera vez una política de compromiso con sus vecinos en América del Sur.This essay, part history of ideas and part history of international relations, examines Brazil's relationship with Latin America in historical perspective. For more than a century after independence neither Spanish American intellectuals nor Spanish American governments considered Brazil part of 'America Latina'. For their part, Brazilian intellectuals and Brazilian governments, except for the Rio de la Plata, only had eyes for Europe and increasingly, after 1889, the United States. When, especially during the Cold War, the United States, and by extension the rest of the world, began to regard and treat Brazil as part of 'Latin America', Brazilian governments and Brazilian intellectuals, except some on the Left, still did not think of Brazil as an integral part of it. Since the end of the Cold War Brazil has for the first time pursued a policy of engagement with its neighbours -in South America.

  4. DIFFERENT SUBSTRATA EFFECTS IN THE GERMINATION OF Ochroma pyramidale (CAV. EX LAM. URB. (BOMBACACEAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrízia de Oliveira Alvino

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this paper was to analyze the effect of different substrata in the germination of Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam. Urb. (Bombacaceae. The experiment was conducted in delineation randomized with three treatments (substratum and four repetitions of 25 seeds. The following substrata had been tested: sand + vermiculite (1:1; vermiculite and, sand + shavings (1:1. The effect of substrata through the percentage of germination of the seeds, average time of germination and index of germination speed (IGS were evaluated. There had been significant difference between the treatments in of all the observed variable. The seeds, when conditioned in vermiculite, had presented the biggest tax of germination, greatest speed and lowest germination time.

  5. Mites associated to Xylopia aromatica (Lam. Mart. (Annonaceae in urban and rural fragments of semidecidual forest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe M. Nuvoloni

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Mites associated to Xylopia aromatica (Lam. Mart. (Annonaceae in urban and rural fragments of semidecidual forest. Native plants can shelter a great diversity of mites. Notwithstanding, the conservation of the forest fragments where the plants are located can influence the structure of the mites community. Generally, in homogenous environments the diversity is lower due to the dominance of one or a few species. In this work, we studied the mite community on Xylopia aromatica (Lam. Mart. (Annonaceae in two fragments of semidecidual forest: one on rural and other on urban area. Seven individuals of X. aromatica were monthly sampled from April 2007 to March 2008, in each of these fragments. Descriptive indexes of diversity, dominance and evenness were applied to verify the ecological patterns of the mite community, besides the Student's t-test to compare the abundance between the fragments. We collected 27,365 mites of 37 species belonging to 11 families. Calacarus sp. (Eriophyidae was the most abundant species, representing 73% of the total sampled. The abundance was greater in the urban fragment (67.7%, with the diversity index reaching only 25% of the theoretical maximum expected. Probably, these values might have been influenced by the location of this fragment in the urban area, being more homogeneous and submitted directly to the presence of atmospheric pollution. In this manner, X. aromatica is able to shelter a higher diversity of mites when inserted in preserved ecosystems, since the highest diversity of available resources allows the establishment of richer and most diverse mite community.

  6. Building Trust and Capacity: Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration to Transition Pro-Government Non-State Armed Groups

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-05-11

    Desenvolupament, Cambodia, http://www.escolapau.org/img/programas/desarme/ mapa /camboyai.pdf (accessed 19 March 2009). In Ethiopia, follow its war with Eritrea...de Pau. “Cambodia.” Escola de Cultura de Pau, http://www.escolapau.org/img/programas/desarme/ mapa /camboyai.pdf (accessed March 20, 2009). 69...Escola de Cultura de Pau. “Eritrea.” Escola de Cultura de Pau, http://www.escolapau.org/img/programas/desarme/ mapa /eritreai.pdf (accessed March 20

  7. Analgesic activity of Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng.root in albino rats

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohaddesi, Behzad; Dwivedi, Ravindra; Ashok, B. K.; Aghera, Hetal; Acharya, Rabinarayan; Shukla, V. J.

    2013-01-01

    Present study was undertaken to evaluate analgesic activity of root of Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng, a folklore medicinal plant used as the one of the source plant of Rasna. Study was carried out at two dose levels (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg) in albino rats. Analgesic activity was evaluated in formalin induced paw licking, and tail flick methods whereas indomethacin and pentazocine were used as standard analgesic drugs, respectively. At both the dose levels, test drug non-significantly decreased paw licking response at both time intervals. In tail flick model, the administration of the test drug increased pain threshold response in a dose dependent manner. In therapeutically equivalent dose level, analgesic activity was observed only after 180 min while in TED ×2 treated group analgesia was observed at 30 min and lasted even up to 240 min. The results suggested that N.canescens root possess moderate analgesic activity. PMID:24250136

  8. „Korespondencja Adama Vetulaniego z Miroslavem Boháčkiem” – wydawnictwo źródłowe, opracowane w ramach współpracy Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności z Akademią Nauk Republiki Czeskiej

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Dziurzyńska, E.; Šumová, Martina

    2014-01-01

    Roč. 13, č. [1] (2014), s. 9-30 ISSN 1731-6715 Institutional support: RVO:67985921 Keywords : Vetulani, Adam * Boháček, Miroslav * correspondence Subject RIV: AB - History http://pau.krakow.pl/PKHN-PAU/pkhn-pau-XIII-2014-2.pdf

  9. Pedochronology and development of peat bog in the environmental protection area pau-de-fruta - Diamantina, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ricardo da Rocha Campos

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available In the region of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, peat bog is formed in hydromorphic environments developed in sunken areas on the plain surfaces with vegetation adapted to hydromorphic conditions, favoring the accumulation and preservation of organic matter. This pedoenvironment is developed on the regionally predominant quartzite rocks. Peat bog in the Environmental Protection Area - APA Pau-de-Fruta, located in the watershed of Córrego das Pedras, Diamantina,Brazil, was mapped and three representative profiles were morphologically characterized and sampled for physical, chemical and microbiological analyses. The organic matter was fractionated into fulvic acid (FA, humic acids (HA and humin (H. Two profiles were sampled to determine the radiocarbon age and δ13C. The structural organization of the three profiles is homogeneous. The first two layers consist of fibric, the two subsequent of hemic and the four deepest of sapric peat, showing that organic matter decomposition advances with depth and that the influence of mineral materials in deeper layers is greater. Physical properties were homogeneous in the profiles, but varied in the sampled layers. Chemical properties were similar in the layers, but the Ca content, sum of bases and base saturation differed between profiles. Contents of H predominated in the more soluble organic matter fractions and were accumulated at a higher rate in the surface and deeper layers, while HA levels were higher in the intermediate and FA in the deeper layers. Microbial activity did not vary among profiles and was highest in the surface layers, decreasing with depth. From the results of radiocarbon dating and isotope analysis, it was inferred that bog formation began about 20 thousand years ago and that the vegetation of the area had not changed significantly since then.

  10. Recommendations for CAMAC Serial Highway drivers and LAM Graders for the SCC-L2 Serial Crate Controller

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1978-01-01

    The functional requirements of Drivers for the CAMAC Serial Highway defined in IEEE Standard 595-1976 are described. The description is independent of the implementation, and in particular no assumption is made about the boundary between hardware and software within the Driver. Topics covered are the user interface, the supporting system services required, demand handling, and a detailed discussion of the message analysis for various levels of error recovery. An appendix describes the recommended features of LAM Graders for use with the Serial Crate Controller Type L2 of IEEE Std 595-1976

  11. Correlations between the anatomical traits of Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. in heartwood and sapwood of early- and latewood zones of growth rings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jokanović Dušan

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper shows correlations between vessel characteristics and differences in growth-ring width in heartwood and sapwood. Analyzed samples were from an iron-wood tree (Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. that grew in the Mužljanski Rit area, of the Srpska Crnja municipality in Serbia. According to previous research, it was deduced that Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. belongs to ring-porous species with big vessel lumen in the earlywood zone and thicker cell walls in the latewood. Vessels were more numerous in the latewood zone, and the same was true for heartwood and sapwood. For both layers, sapwood possessed a few more vessels than heartwood, and a statistically significant difference was confirmed by t-test during the early phase. The greatest negative value of correlation coefficient was between the number of vessels and growth-ring width during the early phase for sapwood. The number of vessels decreased in the wider growth rings. The correlation between growth-ring width and the area of vessels had a statistically significant positive value of correlative coefficient, which means that wider growth rings had larger vessel areas in the early phase for sapwood. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 31041

  12. Otimização dos tempos de mistura e decantação no processo de coagulação/floculação da água bruta por meio da Moringa oleifera Lam = Otimizing mixture and decantation times in the process of coagulation/flocculation of raw water using Moringa oleifera Lam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Cordeiro Cardoso

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Diversos coagulantes/floculantes estão sendo estudados ao que se refere à remoção de cor e turbidez da água bruta, entretanto, os coagulantes naturais têm demonstrado vantagens em relação aos químicos. A Moringa oleifera Lam é um polímero natural que vemganhando destaque no tratamento de água, pois atua como agente clarificante pela presença de uma proteína catiônica que desestabiliza as partículas contidas na água em meio líquido. Estetrabalho propõe a otimização dos tempos de coagulação, floculação e decantação, utilizando como coagulante diferentes concentrações da solução extraída da polpa da semente de Moringa oleifera Lam, para verificar a eficiência de remoção da cor e turbidez da água. Os ensaios foram realizados em “Jar Test”, utilizando diferentes tempos de mistura e decantação, com várias concentrações do biopolímero. Verificou-se que o tempo para propiciar a mistura rápida elenta, assim como a concentração do coagulante influenciaram a remoção dos parâmetros durante a coagulação/floculação/sedimentação.Several natural coagulants/flocculants are being studied to remove color and turbidity from raw water; however, natural coagulants have demonstrated advantages over chemical ones. Moringa oleifera Lam is a natural polymer that has become an important alternative in watertreatment, acting as a clarifying agent due to the presence of a cationic protein that destabilizes the particles contained in water in liquid form. This work proposes the optimization of the coagulation, flocculation and decantation times, using differentconcentrations of the solution extracted from the pulp of Moringa oleifera Lam seeds as coagulant, in order to verify its efficiency in removing color and turbidity from water. Jar tests were carried out, using different mixture and decantation times, with varyingconcentrations of the biopolymer. It was verified that the time required to achieve a fast and slow

  13. Hypolipidemic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in albino rats Atividade hipolipidemica de Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, na hiperlipidemia induzida por dieta rica em gordura em ratos albinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pankaj G. Jain

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, are used by the Indians in their herbal medicine as a hypolipidemic agent in obese patients. Albino Wistar rats were fed with methanolic extract of M. oleifera (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o. and simvastatin (4 mg/kg, p.o. along with hyperlipidemic diet for 30 days. Moringa oleifera and simvastatin were found to lower the serum cholesterol, triacylglyceride, VLDL, LDL, and atherogenic index, but were found to increase the HDL as compared to the corresponding high fed cholesterol diet group (control. The Moringa oleifera methanolic extract was also investigated for its mechanism of action by estimating HMG CO-A reductase activity. Moringa oleifera was found to increase the excretion of fecal cholesterol. Thus, the study demonstrates that M. oleifera possesses a hypolipidemic effect.As folhas de Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, são usados na medicina natural da Índia como um agente hipolipemiante em pacientes obesos. Ratos albinos Wistar foram alimentados com extrato metanólico de M. oleifera (150, 300 e 600 mg/kg, p.o. e sinvastatina (4 mg/kg, p.o., juntamente com dieta hiperlipídica por 30 dias. Moringa oleifera e sinvastatina reduziram o colesterol, triacilglicerídeoss, VLDL, LDL e índice aterogênico, mas não aumentaram o HDL em comparação com o grupo controle, com dieta rica em colesterol. O mecanismo de ação do extrato metanólico de Moringa oleifera foi também investigado estimando atividade de HMG CO-A redutase. Moringa oleifera aumentou a excreção fecal de colesterol. Assim, o estudo demonstra que a M. oleifera parece ter efeito hipolipemiante.

  14. Santificado a una judía comunista: la recomodación de la identidad brasileña en Olga (Monjardin, Brasil, 2004

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tzvi Tal

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El éxito del film “Olga” en el público brasileño y las contrapuestas interpretaciones de la figura histórica de Olga Benario Prestes que su exhibición provocó, indican su relevancia en los procesos de la identidad brasileña actual. El artículo propone una lectura alegórica del texto cinematográfico, donde el vaciamiento ideológico y político del pasado de la militancia revolucionaria en un film producido por el complejo mediático Globo, representa el acomodamiento de la identidad brasileña ante la frustración de las expectativas históricas: la presidencia de “Lula” no pone en marcha un proyecto de justicia social alternativo al sistema neoliberal imperante.

  15. Maternal mortality due to hemorrhage in Brazil Mortalidad materna en Brasil debida a hemorragia Mortalidade materna por hemorragia no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Lourdes de Souza

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: to analyze the rates of maternal mortality due to hemorrhage identified in Brazil from 1997 to 2009. Methods: the time series and population data from the Brazilian Health Ministry, Mortality Information System and Live Birth Information System were examined. From the Mortality Information System, we initially selected all reported deaths of women between 10 and 49 years old, which occurred from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2009 in Brazil, recorded as a "maternal death". RESULTS: during the research period, 22,281 maternal deaths were identified, among which 3,179 were due to hemorrhage, accounting for 14.26% of the total deaths. The highest rates of maternal mortality were found in the North and Northeast areas of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: the Brazilian scenario shows regional inequalities regarding maternal mortality. It presents hemorrhaging as a symptom and not as a cause of death. OBJETIVO: analizar las tasas de mortalidad materna debida a hemorragia, identificadas en Brasil durante el periodo de 1997 a 2009. MÉTODOS: fueron examinados los datos de series temporales y de población del Ministerio de la Salud de Brasil, del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad y del Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos. Del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad, inicialmente seleccionamos todos los informes sobre muerte de mujeres con edad entre 10 y 49 años, que ocurrieron entre el 01 de enero de 1997 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009, en Brasil, clasificadas como "muertes maternas". RESULTADOS: durante el periodo de investigación, fueron identificadas 22.281 muertes maternas, entre las cuales 3.179 se debieron a hemorragia, siendo responsables por 14,26% del total de muertes. La tasa más alta de mortalidad materna fue encontrada en las regiones Norte y Noreste de Brasil. CONCLUSIONES: el escenario brasileño muestra desigualdades regionales en lo que se refiere a mortalidad materna; este presenta la hemorragia como un síntoma y no como la

  16. Estratégias de desenvolvimento do Brasil e da China

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira Júnior, Alcides Mário Amaral de

    2011-01-01

    Resumo: Este trabalho visa analisar as estratégias de desenvolvimento econômico de longo prazo, observando as experiências do Brasil e da China. O mundo era diferente três décadas atras. A economia do Brasil era maior do que a da China. Os anos de 1980 marcaram uma trajetória diferente entre estes dois países. A China cresceu nas últimas três décadas a taxas médias de 8% enquanto o Brasil ficou com uma média de 3% no mesmo período. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar quais os motivos d...

  17. Brasil y Argentina, 1990-2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Gabriela Zunino

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de analizar la mortalidad por armas de fuego en Brasil y Argentina entre 1990 y 2005, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo utilizando datos oficiales de mortalidad de ambos países. Se analizaron número, proporción y tasas crudas y ajustadas para cada tipo de muerte (catalogadas según la CIE-9a y CIE-10a, el total por año y el promedio anual del período, sexo y edad. Los perfiles globales de los dos países presentaron tendencia creciente, pero Brasil mostró valores superiores de muertes y homicidios por armas de fuego en todo el período. A partir de los resultados se discute la hipótesis: el perfil de Brasil, particularmente el de homicidios por armas de fuego, es consecuencia no solo de la violencia social que responde a la persistentemente alta desigualdad y exclusión en que vive gran parte de la población, sino también al surgimiento, expansión y fortalecimiento de diversos grupos armados en ese país. El perfil argentino resultaría en parte del aumento de la violencia social también como respuesta al deterioro socioeconómico imperante, y por otra parte, sería consecuencia de la histórica monopolización de la violencia por parte del Estado

  18. La experiencia brasileña

    OpenAIRE

    Barbosa, Phidias

    2011-01-01

    16 transparencias.-- Presentado en: Tercer Seminario internacional TECMERIN "Televisión digital terrestre: confrontando las experiencias brasileña y española", celebrado del 18 al 20 de enero de 2011 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

  19. Catalytic Chan–Lam coupling using a ‘tube-in-tube’ reactor to deliver molecular oxygen as an oxidant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carl J. Mallia

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available A flow system to perform Chan–Lam coupling reactions of various amines and arylboronic acids has been realised employing molecular oxygen as an oxidant for the re-oxidation of the copper catalyst enabling a catalytic process. A tube-in-tube gas reactor has been used to simplify the delivery of the oxygen accelerating the optimisation phase and allowing easy access to elevated pressures. A small exemplification library of heteroaromatic products has been prepared and the process has been shown to be robust over extended reaction times.

  20. Potências emergentes na ordem de redes: o caso do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Flemes

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Na última década, mudanças e inovações foram introduzidas nas redes intergovernamentais de política externa. Novas potências como Brasil adquiriram um peso relativo devido ao seu novo status atuando como definidor de agendas, moderador e construtor de coalizões. Esse artigo examina a relevância de diferentes redes de política externa como o Fórum Índia-Brasil-África do Sul (IBAS e Brasil-África do Sul-Índia-China (BASIC para a política externa brasileira desde 2003.

  1. Temperaturas cardeais e efeito da luz na germinação de sementes de mutamba Cardinal temperatures and effect of light on Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. seed germination

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João C. de Araújo Neto

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., conhecida como mutamba, é uma espécie arbórea característica dos estádios iniciais da sucessão secundária, com ampla ocorrência natural no Brasil. Possui grande potencial para recuperação ambiental de áreas degradadas. Neste trabalho, conduziram-se dois experimentos, nos quais as sementes foram extraídas e escarificadas antes da instalação dos testes de germinação. O primeiro experimento foi desenvolvido com sementes colhidas em outubro de 1995 e teve por objetivo definir as temperaturas cardeais para a germinação das sementes. Foram testadas as temperaturas de 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 e 45 ºC, sob fotoperíodo de oito horas. Os resultados mostraram que a temperatura mínima é próxima de 10 ºC, a máxima se situa entre 35 e 40 ºC e as temperaturas de 25 e 30 ºC encontram-se dentro da faixa ótima. No segundo experimento, visou-se avaliar o requerimento fotoblástico de sementes recém-colhidas (colheita de outubro de 1996 e armazenadas em câmara seca por um ano (colheita de outubro de 1995. Os testes de germinação foram conduzidos a 30 ºC e as sementes recém-colhidas tiveram a germinação promovida pelas luzes branca e vermelha, mas inibida pela luz vermelha-extrema e ausência de luz. As sementes armazenadas, entretanto, revelaram-se insensíveis à luz.Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae is a typical tree species of the initial stages of secondary succession in Brazil, with potential for use in restoring degraded areas. Two experiments were carried out in this work, in which seeds were extracted and scarified before conducting the germination tests. The first experiment was conducted with seeds harvested in October 1995 and aimed to determine the cardinal temperatures for seed germination. Constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 ºC were tested under an eight hour photoperiod. The results showed that the minimum temperature is around 10 ºC, the maximum between 35 and

  2. Clinical Diagnostic Utility of IP-10 and LAM Antigen Levels for the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusions in a High Burden Setting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dheda, Keertan; Van-Zyl Smit, Richard N.; Sechi, Leonardo A.; Badri, Motasim; Meldau, Richard; Symons, Gregory; Khalfey, Hoosein; Carr, Igshaan; Maredza, Alice; Dawson, Rodney; Wainright, Helen; Whitelaw, Andrew; Bateman, Eric D.; Zumla, Alimuddin

    2009-01-01

    Background Current tools for the diagnosis of tuberculosis pleural effusions are sub-optimal. Data about the value of new diagnostic technologies are limited, particularly, in high burden settings. Preliminary case control studies have identified IFN-γ-inducible-10kDa protein (IP-10) as a promising diagnostic marker; however, its diagnostic utility in a day-to-day clinical setting is unclear. Detection of LAM antigen has not previously been evaluated in pleural fluid. Methods We investigated the comparative diagnostic utility of established (adenosine deaminase [ADA]), more recent (standardized nucleic-acid-amplification-test [NAAT]) and newer technologies (a standardized LAM mycobacterial antigen-detection assay and IP-10 levels) for the evaluation of pleural effusions in 78 consecutively recruited South African tuberculosis suspects. All consenting participants underwent pleural biopsy unless contra-indicated or refused. The reference standard comprised culture positivity for M. tuberculosis or histology suggestive of tuberculosis. Principal Findings Of 74 evaluable subjects 48, 7 and 19 had definite, probable and non-TB, respectively. IP-10 levels were significantly higher in TB vs non-TB participants (p<0.0001). The respective outcomes [sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV %] for the different diagnostic modalities were: ADA at the 30 IU/L cut-point [96; 69; 90; 85], NAAT [6; 93; 67; 28], IP-10 at the 28,170 pg/ml ROC-derived cut-point [80; 82; 91; 64], and IP-10 at the 4035 pg/ml cut-point [100; 53; 83; 100]. Thus IP-10, using the ROC-derived cut-point, missed ∼20% of TB cases and mis-diagnosed ∼20% of non-TB cases. By contrast, when a lower cut-point was used a negative test excluded TB. The NAAT had a poor sensitivity but high specificity. LAM antigen-detection was not diagnostically useful. Conclusion Although IP-10, like ADA, has sub-optimal specificity, it may be a clinically useful rule-out test for tuberculous pleural effusions. Larger multi

  3. Analysis of occupational risks in the activities of carpentry and locksmithing in Pau dos Ferros/RN: a case study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helison Amadeus da Silva Costa

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available As atividades de carpintaria e serralharia são fortemente marcadas pelo uso de ferramentas antigas e trabalhadores não qualificados, o que contribui para a ocorrência de acidentes e outros riscos ocupacionais. Através destas discussões, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os acidentes ambientais e riscos ergonômicos em uma oficina de carpintaria localizada na cidade de Pau dos Ferros / RN. Assim, o objetivo foi quantificar a exposição ao ruído, medir os valores de temperatura ambiente e umidade, bem como os valores de iluminação ambiente. Para tanto, foram realizadas medições ambientais, bem como registros fotográficos e entrevistas com os responsáveis pelo estabelecimento. De acordo com a pesquisa realizada, nota-se que uma série de aspectos contribuem para o estabelecimento estudado apresentar condições insalubres. Entre os pontos a serem citados, a iluminação, Bem como a temperatura ea produção de ruído são os fatores mais marcantes. Além desses aspectos, a desorganização é também uma problemática presente neste ambiente de trabalho, uma vez que os resíduos não são devidamente descartados e as matérias-primas são amontoadas em meio a detritos e equipamentos. Outro ponto a ser citado é o uso de EPI, o que não ocorre devido à recusa dos empregados.

  4. Centesimal composition and physical-chemistry analysis of the edible mushroom Lentinus strigosus occurring in the Brazilian Amazon.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sales-Campos, Ceci; Araujo, Lidia M; Minhoni, Marli T A; Andrade, Meire C N

    2013-01-01

    The centesimal composition and the physical and chemical analyses of Lentinus strigosus, an edible mushroom occurring in the Brazilian Amazon and produced in alternative substrates based on wood and agroindustrial residues, were evaluated. For this purpose, the C, N, pH, soluble solids, water activity, protein, lipids, total fiber, ash, carbohydrate, and energy levels were determined. The substrates were formulated from Simarouba amara Aubl. ("marupá"), Ochroma piramidale Cav. Ex. Lam. ("pau-de-balsa") and Anacardium giganteum ("cajuí") sawdust and Bactris gasipaes Kunth ("pupunheira") stipe and Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane bagasse). The results indicated that the nutritional composition of L. strigosus varied with the substrate of cultivation; the protein levels found in mushrooms grown in the different substrates (18-21.5%) varied with the substrate and was considered high; the soluble solids present in the mushrooms could have a relation with complex B hydrosoluble vitamins. L. strigosus could be considered as important food owing to its nutritional characteristics such as high protein content, metabolizable carbohydrates and fibers, and low lipids and calories content.

  5. Antimicrobial activity of the root, stem bark and seed extracts of moringa oleifera lam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manoti Ondicho, J.; Mutai, C.; Rukunga, G.; Oketch, P.; Bii, C.

    2009-01-01

    Organic extracts (Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol) and the aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam or horseradish (root, stem bark and seed) were tested against five bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method and against three fungal strains. The water extracts of the seed was active against a wide range of organisms tested. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark exhibited moderate activity. Of the fifteen extracts screened, five (33.3 percent) showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and against Trichophyton mentagrophytes while two were active against Microsporum gypseum. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the water extracts ranged from 6.25 to 50 mg/ml. The good activity observed on the water extract explains the success in traditional use of Moringa oleifera for the treatment of infectious diseases.(author)

  6. Antimicrobial activity of the root, stem bark and seed extracts of moringa oleifera lam

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Manoti Ondicho, J; Mutai, C; Rukunga, G; Oketch, P [Centre for Tradicional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi (Kenya); Bii, C [Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi (Kenya)

    2009-07-01

    Organic extracts (Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol) and the aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam or horseradish (root, stem bark and seed) were tested against five bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method and against three fungal strains. The water extracts of the seed was active against a wide range of organisms tested. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark exhibited moderate activity. Of the fifteen extracts screened, five (33.3 percent) showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and against Trichophyton mentagrophytes while two were active against Microsporum gypseum. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the water extracts ranged from 6.25 to 50 mg/ml. The good activity observed on the water extract explains the success in traditional use of Moringa oleifera for the treatment of infectious diseases.(author)

  7. Estimated sedimentation rate by radionuclide techniques at Lam Phra Phloeng dam, Northeastern of Thailand

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sasimonton Moungsrijun; Kanitha Srisuksawad; Kosit Lorsirirat; Tuangrak Nantawisarakul

    2009-01-01

    The Lam Phra Phloeng dam is located in Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern of Thailand. Since it was constructed in 1963, the dam is under severe reduction of its water storage capacity caused by deforestation to agricultural land at the upper catchment. Sediment cores were collected using a gravity corer. Sedimentation rates were estimated from the vertical distribution of unsupported Pb-210 in sediment cores. Total Pb-210 was determined by measuring Po-210 activities. The Po-210 and Ra-226 activities were used to determine the rate of sediment by using alpha and gamma spectrometry. The sedimentation rate was estimated using the Constant Initial Concentration model (CIC), the sedimentation rate crest dam 0.265 gcm -2 y -1 and the upstream 0.213 gcm -2 y -1 (Author)

  8. Telenovelas y culturas híbridas en Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas Tufte

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Las telenovelas han sido categorizadas como productos comerciales alienantes. Solo en los últimos años se les ha prestado una atención académica seria. Este trabajo, presenta los lados socialmente dinámicos y culturalmente expresivos de este género fascinante, en el Brasil contemporáneo. La literatura de cordel y la narrativa oral constituyen las matrices históricas fundamentales de la telenovela. La sociabilidad, la actividad colectiva y el entretenimiento son algunos de los denominadores comunes que se encuentran al analizar la función desempeñada por estas expresiones culturales populares en la historia brasileña. El rol mediador de las telenovelas en el Brasil actual es una extensión de viejas prácticas sociales y culturales. La forma de vivir con la televisión y las telenovelas, contribuye específicamente a reunirse, Hecho que influye en la constitución y desarrollo de las culturas híbridas que caracterizan a las masas urbanas de Latinoamérica.

  9. Caminha, Meirelles, e Mauro : narrativas do (re) descobrimento do Brasil; decifrando as imagens do paraiso

    OpenAIRE

    Carolina Cavalcanti Bezerra

    2008-01-01

    Resumo: Essa dissertação tem como propositura uma nova leitura sobre o descobrimento do Brasil através das imagens/representações do Paraíso na Terra. A permanência dessa imagem no imaginário coletivo foi a base para o desenvolvimento dessa dissertação, partindo dos seguintes documentos: a Carta de Caminha sobre o descobrimento do Brasil (1500), o quadro A Primeira Missa no Brasil de Meirelles (1860/1) e O Descobrimento do Brasil (1937), filme de Humberto Mauro. A presente incursão pelas narr...

  10. Diversidade funcional em sistemas de montado: fluxo de nutrientes em Quercus rotundifolia Lam. Functional diversity in “montado” systems: nutrients fluxes in Quercus rotundifolia Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. D. Nunes

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Os componentes dos ciclos de nutrientes em montados de Quercus rotundifolia Lam., relacionados com a precipitação foram estudados na região de Évora, de Novembro de 1996 a Dezembro de 2000. A precipitação bruta, o gotejo a diferentes distâncias do tronco e o escorrimento ao longo do tronco das árvores foram quantificados de modo contínuo, sendo colhidas amostras semanalmente para se proceder à respectiva caracterização química. A quantidade de nutrientes transferidos para o solo através das diferentes soluções foi também determinada. Verificou-se um acréscimo da concentração das espécies iónicas no gotejo em relação à precipitação bruta, o qual foi ainda mais manifesto no escorrimento ao longo do tronco. Estudaram-se, igualmente, as características físico-químicas do solo sob e fora da influência da copa destas árvores, num montado relativamente esparso. Além disso, também se avaliou a quantidade das camadas orgânicas e a quantidade de nutrientes aí retidos. As características físicas e químicas do solo apresentaram, de um modo geral, uma diferenciação positiva em resultado da presença das árvores. Avaliou-se a taxa de mineralização de N nas áreas sob e fora da acção do coberto das árvores, tendo-se observado uma mais elevada disponibilidade deste nutriente nas áreas do sob coberto.Nutrient cycling in Quercus rotundifolia Lam. systems, regarding precipitation was studied at Évora (Southern Portugal, since November of 1996 until December of 2000. The amounts of gross rainfall, throughfall (at different distances from the tree trunk and stemflow were measured continuously and samples for chemical analysis were collected weekly. The concentration of nutrients was higher in the throughfall than in the gross rainfall, especially in the areas closer to the tree trunk. Nutrients transferred to soil, through bulk rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were quantified. The highest concentration of nutrients

  11. Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae present in the flowers of the balsa wood Ochroma lagopus Swartz, 1788 = Abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apidae associadas às flores do pau-de-balsa Ochroma lagopus Swartz, 1788

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Regina Guimarães Brighenti

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available The flower of balsa wood holds about 10 to 15 mL of nectar, which helps attracting pollinating agents, since the genus Ochroma is incapable of self-fertilization. However, a high mortality of bees is observed in these flowers. The present study investigated the frequency and constancy of mortality of the individuals of the familyApidae that fed on nectar from the balsa wood. Data was gathered from June to August 2008, in Lavras – Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In addition, the survival of the Africanized bees that fed on the nectar of this flower was compared to those that fed on 50% aqueous solution of honey. Forty flowers were analyzed, and 949 individuals of the orders Hymenoptera (98.1%, Hemiptera (0.95%, Coleoptera (0.74% and Diptera (0.21% were collected. Most Hymenoptera individuals were bees of the genera Partamona and Trigona (677 individuals, which were considered of constant occurrence. Flowers producing up to 16.7 nectar mL were found. The nectar diet contained 16.44% of total sugar, and resulted in low survival of the bees in laboratory (31.32 . 2.37 hours, compared to a diet of 50% aqueous solution of honey (112.32 .2.03 hours.A flor do pau-de-balsa produz cerca de 10 a 15 mL de néctar, útil na atração de polinizadores, uma vez que o gênero Ochroma é incapaz de fazer autofecundação. É observada intensa mortalidade de abelhas em suas flores. Objetivou-se realizar o levantamento da frequência e constância de mortalidade de indivíduos da família Apidae, sendo os dados levantados no período de junho a agosto de 2008 em Lavras, MinasGerais, Brasil. Além disso, avaliou-se a sobrevivência de abelhas africanizadas alimentadas com o néctar desta flor quando comparados com aquelas alimentadas com solução aquosa de mel a 50%. Foram analisadas 40 flores e coletados 949 indivíduos das Ordens: Hymenoptera (98,1%, Hemiptera (0,95%, Coleoptera (0,74% e Diptera (0,21%. Dentre os himenópteros os mais frequentes foram dos g

  12. REBATIMENTOS EM NATAL, BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Fonseca Figueiredo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo presenta la gestión de los residuos sólidos en Brasil y sus implicaciones en la ciudad de Natal/ RN, analizando sus aspectos ambientales, económicos y sociales. El fracaso del programa oficial de recogi - da selectiva constatado en las bajas tasas de recuperación de materiales; la poca relevancia de la inclusión socioeconómica de los trabajadores que participan en el programa asistencialista oficial; la inexistencia de estrategias oficiales para que se disminuya la cantidad de residuos que se generan cada día y el aumento exagerado del gasto público, especialmente con el tratamiento de los residuos en el relleno sanitario, demues - tran que la gestión de residuos en Natal, que tiene como parámetro los dictámenes de la Política Brasileña para los Residuos Sólidos, tiene como objetivo el control de los residuos en la ciudad y la consolidación del modelo de tratamiento finalista de residuos mediante el envío de éstos al relleno sanitario.

  13. Evaluación de patógenos en clones de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam. Pathogenity evaluation on Solanum quitoense Lam. Clones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Consuelo Montes Rojas

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available En el noroccidente de Popayán, Colombia, se evaluó la presencia de plagas causadas por patógenos en 42 clones de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.. Los clones fueron plantados en bolsas plásticas, donde se desarrollaron por 3 semanas antes de ser trasplantados al campo. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, la parcela útil estuvo conformada por 6 plantas, las cuales se sembraron a ‘tresbolillo’ a 2.5 m entre surcos y 2 m entre plantas. Para determinar el efecto de las plagas en el cultivo, se calculó el porcentaje de incidencia y severidad del ataque. La incidencia se evaluó como porcentaje de plantas afectadas, y la severidad como porcentaje de tejido afectado por el patógeno. Las enfermedades más limitantes para los 42 clones fueron: gota (Phytophthora infestans que provocó una mortalidad de plantas superior a 40%; fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum que se presentó en 12 de los clones evaluados; antracnosis (Colletotrichum sp. que afectó 21 clones, los cuales se clasificaron entre tolerantes y medianamente tolerantes; y mancha clorótica (Cladosporium sp. que afectó 21 clones, clasificados como susceptibles. Los clones PL19, PL24, PL11, PL35 fueron medianamente tolerantes. Se seleccionaron por supervivencia los clones: JY E1 (52.2%, PH E 1 (45.8%, VM E2 (45.8%; por supervivencia y por tolerancia a Fusarium oxysporum los clones PL35, PL11, PL24, PL8, PL19, 120052, 120043, ORE1, AGE1. Los clones SER 7, SER 15, SER 9, SEC 31, SEC 27 presentaron alta mortalidad pero se seleccionaron por ser medianamente tolerantes a gota, tolerantes a antracnosis y medianamente resistentes a nematodos, con buen vigor y producción.Presence of plant disease caused by pathogens on 42 clones of Solanum quitoense Lam. were evaluated in the north-western region of Popayán, Colombia. The seed of the clons were planted in plastic bags during three weeks and afterwards transplanted to the field. The statistical design

  14. Description and Performance of an L-Band Radiometer with Digital Beamforming

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan F. Marchan-Hernandez

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents the description and performance tests of an L-band microwave radiometer with Digital Beamforming (DBF, developed for the Passive Advanced Unit (PAU for ocean monitoring project. PAU is an instrument that combines, in a single receiver and without time multiplexing, a microwave radiometer at L-band (PAU-RAD and a GPS-reflectometer (PAU-GNSS-R. This paper focuses on the PAU‑RAD beamformer’s first results, analyzing the hardware and software required for the developed prototype. Finally, it discusses the first results measured in the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC anechoic chamber.

  15. Caminhos da (reexploração: A Carta em Caminha, Oswald e Bonassi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natasha Fernanda Ferreira Rocha

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa um exemplo de intertextualidade na produção literária  brasileira. Para tanto, três foram os nomes eleitos: Pero Vaz de Caminha, com A Carta; Oswald de Andrade, em texto selecionado da obra Pau-Brasil, e duas minificções extraídas de Passaporte, do contemporâneo Fernando Bonassi. Procurou-se pensar em como as possibilidades dialógicas desses textos se engendraram e como o trato com o referencial alterou-se de época para época. Buscou-se, também, mirando seu caráter dialógico, perceber a presença de um tópico recorrente nas manifestações artísticas e culturais em nosso país: quem somos. Ou, ainda, quem nos tornamos.

  16. Contenidos de Anatomía en Diseños de Aprendizaje Dispuestos en LAMS e Integrado a Moodle

    OpenAIRE

    Bucarey A, Sandra; Araya A, Erick; Cabezas O, Ximena; Álvarez G, Luis

    2011-01-01

    Este trabajo trata la experiencia del uso de LAMS en procesos de aprendizaje e-learning para el área de la salud. Se trabajó con contenidos de anatomía del hígado humano, siguiendo estándares educativos y metodologías necesarias para crear Diseños de Aprendizaje (LD) y recursos educativos de calidad e interoperables. El Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología fue responsable del diseño e implementación de Objetos de Aprendizaje (OAs) en anatomía de hígado (con Macromedia flash), mientra...

  17. VALOR ALIMENTAR DE DIETAS COM AZEVÉM (Lolium multiflorum, LAM.) E SUPLEMENTAÇÃO NITROGENADA OU ENERGÉTICA

    OpenAIRE

    Glaucia Azevedo do Amaral

    2008-01-01

    Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar se e em que grau a oferta suplementar de amido ou proteína degradável no rúmen, assim como de proteína não degradável, afetam o consumo, os processos de digestão, a retenção de nitrogênio, a digestibilidade ruminal e o fluxo duodenal das frações nitrogenadas em ovinos alimentados com azevém (Lolium multiflorum, Lam) à vontade. Foram utilizados dez cordeiros castrados Corriedale (PV médio de 26 kg), mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo em...

  18. Application of Chan-Lam cross coupling for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene precursors bearing strong electron donating or withdrawing groups

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Liliang; He, Chengxiang; Sun, Zhihua

    2015-07-01

    Chan-Lam cross coupling allowed efficient synthesis of N,N’-disubstituted ortho-phenylene diamines bearing strong electron donating or withdrawing groups, such as nitro or methoxy groups, with moderate to high yields. These diamines can then be turned into N-heterocyclic carbene precursors after condensation with trimethyl orthoformate. The same strategy can also be utilized for the synthesis of N-monosubstituted aniline derivatives containing a functionalized ortho-aminomethyl group as intermediates for chiral 6-membered ring carbene precursors.

  19. Fitossociologia do componente arbóreo na floresta turfosa do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Phytosociology of the tree component in a peat forest of the National Park Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lúcia Patrícia Pereira Dorneles

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available A composição florística e a estrutura do componente arbóreo foram analisadas na floresta de restinga turfosa do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe (31º04' - 31º29'S, 50º461 - 51º09'W, localizado na região central da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O componente arbóreo foi amostrado pelo método de quadrantes centrados, incluindo indivíduos com DAP mínimo de 5cm. Foram amostrados 60 pontos, distribuídos ao longo de quatro transectos paralelos, aproximadamente com a mesma orientação NE-SW do sistema lagunar. A composição florística resultou em 14 famílias, 18 gêneros e 21 espécies. A densidade arbórea total estimada para um hectare foi de 3.479 indivíduos. A família com maior riqueza específica foi Myrtaceae. As espécies mais importantes foram Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham. Glassman, Myrcia multiflora (Lam. DC., Ilex pseudobuxus Reissek, Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. e Dendropanax cuneatum Decne. & Planch. A diversidade específica estimada pelo índice de Shannon (H' foi de 2,601 nats.ind.-1 e a equabilidade (J de 0,854, similar aos resultados obtidos em outros estudos realizados em florestas brejosas ou turfosas do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil.Floristic composition and structure of the tree component were analyzed in a coastal peat forest of the National Park Lagoa do Peixe (31º04' - 31º29'S, 50º46' - 51º09'W, located in the central region of the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The tree component was sampled according to the point-centered quarter method, including individuals with a minimum DBH of 5cm. Sixty sample points were distributed along four parallel transects, approximately with the same NE-SW orientation as the lagoon system. Floristic composition resulted in 14 families, 18 genera and 21 species. The total tree density estimated for one hectare was 3,479 individuals. The family with highest species richness was Myrtaceae. The most important species were Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham

  20. High quality reference genome of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a potential perennial crop.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Yang; Zeng, Yan; Zhang, Jing; Yang, ChengGuang; Yan, Liang; Wang, XuanJun; Shi, ChongYing; Xie, Jing; Dai, TianYi; Peng, Lei; Zeng Huan, Yu; Xu, AnNi; Huang, YeWei; Zhang, JiaJin; Ma, Xiao; Dong, Yang; Hao, ShuMei; Sheng, Jun

    2015-07-01

    The drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a perennial crop that has gained popularity in certain developing countries for its high-nutrition content and adaptability to arid and semi-arid environments. Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of M. oleifera. This assembly represents 91.78% of the estimated genome size and contains 19,465 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis between M. oleifera and related woody plant genomes helps clarify the general evolution of this species, while the identification of several species-specific gene families and positively selected genes in M. oleifera may help identify genes related to M. oleifera's high protein content, fast-growth, heat and stress tolerance. This reference genome greatly extends the basic research on M. oleifera, and may further promote applying genomics to enhanced breeding and improvement of M. oleifera.

  1. Characterization of monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa Lam.), a potential new crop for arid regions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sitrit, Yaron; Loison, Stephanie; Ninio, Racheli; Dishon, Eran; Bar, Einat; Lewinsohn, Efraim; Mizrahi, Yosef

    2003-10-08

    The green monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa Lam., Loganiaceae), a tree indigenous to tropical and subtropical Africa, produces juicy, sweet-sour, yellow fruits containing numerous hard brown seeds. The species has recently been introduced into Israel as a potential new commercial crop. However, little is known about its agronomical performance, fruit development and ripening, or postharvest physiology. The current study shows that during ripening in storage, the peel color changes from green to yellow, accompanied by a climacteric burst of ethylene and carbon dioxide emission. Total soluble solids slightly increased during storage, whereas total titratable acidity and pH did not change significantly. The major sugars that accumulated during ripening in storage were sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and the main acids, citric and malic acids. The main volatiles present in the peel of ripe fruits were phenylpropanoids, trans-isoeugenol being the major compound.

  2. Evaluated the Up –regulation in Gene ‎Expression of Hepatic Insulin Gene and ‎Hepatic Insulin Receptor Gene in Type 1 ‎Diabetic Rats Treated with Cuscuta chinesis ‎Lam.‎

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fadia ‎ H. Al-Sultany

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available         This research was conducted to study the hypoglycemic activity of C. chinesis Lam on type 1 diabetic disease and investigate the  molecular and histological mechanism of  its action .many parameters was investigated , Fasting blood glucose (FBG, Fasting serum insulin,Hepatic Insulin Gene Expression, pancreas Insulin Gene Expression ,Hepatic Insulin  Receptors Gene expression  and histological sections of pancrease and liver.54 Rattus rattus male rats weighting(180 -200g were divided into 3 groups: A normal control daily administrated with Dw, B Diabetic control daily administrated with Dw  and C  diabetic group daily administrated with 400 mg/Kg body weight of C. chinesis  Lam. methanolic extract, each group consisted of  18 rats and further divided into (3 sub- groups 1 ,2  and 3. According to the period of administration  30, 60 and  90 days respectively. The results showing  the daily administration of 400 mg/Kg body weight of C. chinesis  Lam. methanolic extract for 60 day causing significance  decrease  in FBG and In the other hand each of fasting serum insulin, hepatic Insulin gene expression,pancreas Insulin gene expression and hepatic Insulin receptor gene expression was increased in group C in compare to B group and return all studied parameters involving pancrease and liver texture to the normal state ,which were statically morphologically  not appeared any significant difference from A group .this study concluded that the daily administration type 1 diabetic rats with 400 mg/Kg body weight of C. chinesis  Lam. extract for 60 day was return  fasting serum insulin and FBG to normal value by  upregulated  the gene expression of hepatic INS Gene ,INSR gene , pancreas INS Gene ,regenerate pancreatic beta- cell and returnthe texture of both liver and pancrease to the normal state

  3. Transplante da educação européia no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Casemiro dos Reis Filho

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil surge para a história em pleno Renascimento. Resultado da expansão da civilização ocidental, o descobrimento do Brasil é significativo incidente da aventura marítima do Atlântico no século XV. Este momento de expansão européia é de extrema importância para a análise das raízes de nossas origens como nacionalidade. O seu estudo nos interessa na medida em que o primeiro projeto de Brasil, elaborado e executado a partir do Descobrimento pelo colonizador português, estabeleceu linhas históricas determinantes de nossa evolução como povo ligado, embora perifericamente, à civilização ocidental [...].

  4. Elisa de captura com IgY para quantificação de acetato de lupeol em Vernonia scorpioides lam. Pers (asteraceae Capture IgY-elisa to quantify lupeol acetate in Vernonia scorpioides lam. Pers (asteraceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronald Bastos Freire

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente experimento descreve, pela primeira vez, a elaboração de um ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA de captura com anticorpos IgY para a detecção e quantificação de acetato de lupeol (LAc em Vernonia scorpioides Lam. Pers (Asteraceae. Anticorpos anti-LAc, obtidos partir do soro das aves e gemas de seus ovos, após imunização com o conjugado acetato de lupeol-cBSA, foram concentrados em coluna contendo LAc-BSA acoplado a sepharose. A eficácia da metodologia de detecção imunológica foi de 97%, com índices de sensibilidade e especificidade de 99% e 95%, respectivamente com limites de detecção do ensaio entre 0,02µg.g-1 (inferior e 10 µg.g-1 (superior. A robustez do método foi atestada pela sua elevada reprodutibilidade (entre 94,75% e 96,81%, e pelo baixo coeficiente de variação interna (4,22 ± 1,03% nas condições de execução descritas.For the first time, a yolk immunoglobulins-based immunenzymatic assay (capture IgY-ELISA was carried out to detect Lupeol acetate (LAc from Vernonia scorpioides Lam. Pers (Asteraceae. Antibodies (IgY against lupeol acetate (anti-LAc antibodies were raised in White Leghorn hens immunized with LAc conjugated to the bovine serum albumin (LAc-BSA. The anti-LAc antibodies were recovered by cleanup columns containing LAc-BSA coupled to sepharose. The capture IgY-ELISA efficacy was of 97% when the predictive indices of sensitivity and specificity were 99.0% and 95%, respectively. The lowest and highest detection limits were of 0.02µg g-1 and 10µg.g-1 of plant extract, respectively. The strength of this method was attested by its high reproducibility (between 94.75% and 96.81%, and a low internal variation (4.22 ± 1.03%, under the described conditions.

  5. Response of two populations of holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) to sulfur dioxide.

    Science.gov (United States)

    García, D; Rodríguez, J; Sanz, J M; Merino, J

    1998-01-01

    Experiments were carried out with seedlings of Quercus rotundifolia Lam., an evergreen schlerophyllous tree typical of the Spanish Mediterranean climate environments. Fruits were collected in two distant (800 km) populations located in the center (southern Spain) and northern border (northern Spain) of the area of distribution of the species. One-month-old potted plants were grown for 130 days in an enriched atmosphere of SO2 (0.23 ppm, 14 h/day) in controlled (growth chamber) conditions. Both northern and southern plants underwent a significant decrease in growth rate as a consequence of the treatment. Even so, plants appear to be quite resistant to SO2 compared with either more temperate or more productive species. The southern population was more sensitive to the treatment, as reflected by the bigger decrease in both growth and photosynthetic rates. Differences in resistance appear to be related to the biogeographic origin of the populations studied, which underlines the importance of biogeographic aspects in studies of resistance to air pollutants.

  6. Identification and screening of active components from Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in regulating autophagy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xuan-Ming; An, Dong-Qing; Guo, Long-Long; Yang, Ning-Hui; Zhang, Hua

    2018-04-03

    This study investigated the flavonoid constituents of a traditional Chinese medical plant Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry and screened the active components in regulating autophagy.Normal rat kidney (NRK) cells transfected with green fluorescent protein- microtubule-associated protein 1 light Chain 3(GFP-LC3) were treated with Z. clinopodioides flavonoids and its chemical compositions. After 4 h of treatment, the auto-phagy spot aggregation in NRK cells was photographed and observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The following 10 flavonoid components of Z. clinopodioides were identified: baicalein(1), quercetin(2), hyperoside(3), quercetin3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside(4), apigenin(5), kaempferol(6), chrysin(7), diosimin(8), linarin(9) and rutin(10). Among these flavonoids, chrysin, apigenin and quercetin were identified as the active principles in activating autophagy. This research may provide a reference for further developing and utilizing Z. clinopodioides.

  7. Para decifrar o Brasil (ou) a formação do estadista

    OpenAIRE

    Mota, Carlos Guilherme

    2014-01-01

    [ES]El autor analiza el libro Pensadores que inventaram o Brasil, de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, en lo cual se exponen, en diez ensayos, visiones e interpretaciones sobre la cultura, la sociedad y la política de Brasil contemporáneo.

  8. Characterization of dietary constituents and antioxidant capacity of Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Bona, Gicele S; Boschetti, Wiliam; Bortolin, Rafael C; Vale, Maria G R; Moreira, José C F; de Rios, Alessandro O; Flôres, Simone H

    2017-10-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional content and antioxidant capacity of the tubers, leaves and, flowers of the species Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. The three parts of the plant were analyzed by physicochemical methods, atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques. The tubers, leaves, and flowers exhibited significant differences in all parameters evaluated. The leaves showed significantly higher values of protein (16.28 ± 0.02 g/100 g), total dietary fiber (27.78 ± 0.15 g/100 g) and quercetin (3798.61 ± 37.57 µg/g) when compared to the tubers and flowers. The study revealed a potential content of the protein, dietary fiber, and flavonoids the species Tropaeolum pentaphyllum , when compared with the sweet potatoes leaves ( Ipomoea batatas L.). In addition, the antioxidant activities of leaves and flowers were also higher measured by ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and TRAP (total radical-trapping antioxidant potential) methods. Tropaeolum pentaphyllum have high nutritional potential that can be exploited to improve nutritional value of various food products.

  9. Estudo geoeconômico do setor cervejeiro no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Limberger, Silvia Cristina

    2016-01-01

    Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2016. Esta tese tratou de estudar o desenvolvimento da indústria cervejeira no Brasil, tendo como ponto central as diferentes estratégias competitivas elaboradas pelas empresas líderes e marginais, especialmente, no segmento de cervejas de alto valor agregado. O trabalho demonstra a evolução da produção cervejeira no mundo e no Brasil ass...

  10. RACISMO CIENTÍFICO NO BRASIL PÓS-ESCRAVATURA

    OpenAIRE

    RAQUEL AMORIM DOS SANTOS; ROSÂNGELA MARIA DE NAZARÉ BARBOSA E SILVA

    2017-01-01

    Este estudo analisa a difusão do racismo cientifico no Brasil, reconhecendo seu caráter estrutural. Reconhecê-lo desta forma significa perceber que Cor, raça e preconceito no Brasil compõe o plexo de concepções para o enfrentamento das questões raciais e de seus desdobramentos nocivos na formação de crianças e adolescentes, por meio da construção de uma nova forma de se pensar a formação da nação e da nacionalidade. O estudo é de abordagem qualitativa com aplicação da pesquisa bibliográfica ...

  11. The Effect of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Extracts on In Vitro Dengue Replication

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fitrien Husin

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective. To investigate the potential effect of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. (H. sibthorpioides extracts against in vitro dengue viral replication. Methods. The cytotoxicity of H. sibthorpioides was evaluated using a cell viability assay. Cells were pre- and posttreated with water and methanol extracts of H. sibthorpioides, and the viral inhibitory effect was investigated by observing the morphological changes, which were further confirmed by plaque assay. Results. The methanolic extract cytotoxicity was higher in Vero and C6/36 cells than the cytotoxicity of the water extract. Preincubation of the cells with H. sibthorpioides extract showed nonexistent to mild prophylactic effects. The posttreatment of Vero cells with H. sibthorpioides methanolic extract presented higher antidengue activities when compared with the water extract. Surprisingly, posttreatment of C6/36 cells resulted in an enhancement of viral replication. Conclusion. H. sibthorpioides had variable effects on dengue viral replication, depending on the treatment, cell lines, and solvent types. This study provides important novel insights on the phytomedicinal properties of H. sibthorpioides extracts on dengue virus.

  12. Raca e mortalidade cerebrovascular no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Andrade Lotufo

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Sendo desconhecidas as taxas de mortalidade cerebrovascular segundo raça no Brasil, foram coletadas informações de óbitos de 2010 do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade cerebrovascular, ajustadas por idade (por 100 mil, com intervalo de confiança de 95%, por sexo e raça/cor de pele. A diferença entre brancos, pardos e negros foi significativa para homens, com taxas, respectivamente, de 44,4 (43,5;45,3, 48,2 (47,1;49,3 e 63,3 (60.6;66,6; e para mulheres, com taxa, respectivamente, de 29,0 (28,3;29,7, 33,7 (32,8;34,6 e 51,0 (48,6;53,4. Em conclusão, a mortalidade cerebrovascular no Brasil é maior entre negros.

  13. Thomas Mann e a cena intelectual no Brasil: encontros e desencontros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sibele Paulino

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available A origem brasileira de Thomas Mann, por parte de sua mãe, Julia da Silva Bruhns, deu ocasião, na maturidade do escritor, a seu contato com intelectuais brasileiros ou estrangeiros ligados à cena cultural do Brasil. No primeiro grupo, tem-se Gilberto Freyre, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda e Erico Verissimo. Residentes no Brasil, Karl Lustig-Prean, que posteriormente retornará à Europa, e o tradutor Herbert Caro, que se radica em definitivo no Brasil. Também o contato direto ou indireto com pensadores e escritores como Karl Loewenstein, Heinrich Eduard Jacob, Marte Brill e Stefan Zweig colaboraram para a aproximação de Thomas Mann ao universo brasileiro. Estes e outros pontos de contato são descritos no presente artigo, que pretende difundir dados e documentos há muito inacessíveis ou inéditos, no sentido de contribuir com abordagens atualizadas da obra de Thomas Mann e oferecer à pesquisa especializada a indicação de dados biográficos e documentais relacionados ao escritor, no que concerne à sua relação com o Brasil.

  14. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield contributing characters in sweet potato (ipomoea batatas lam.)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hossain, M.D.; Rabbani, M.G.; Mollah, M.L.R.

    2000-01-01

    Evaluation of 30 sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) genotypes for yield contributing characters and tuber yield per plant revealed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV, respectively) for number of tubers per plant, average tuber weight and tuber yield per plant. The heritability and genetic advance were higher for tuber yield per plant, average tuber weight and number of tubers per plant. These three characters also reflected high heritability as well as high genetic advance. As high positive significant correlation, as well as positive direct effect of average tuber weight and number of tubers per plant on tuber yield per plant were found, these characters should be given prime importance for selecting high yielding sweet potato genotypes. (author)

  15. A Psicologia no Brasil: um ensaio sobre suas contradições

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mitsuko Aparecida Makino Antunes

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem a finalidade de expor o percurso histórico da Psicologia no Brasil na perspectiva da tridimensionalidade do tempo, entendendo que a apreensão de sua concreticidade implica a compreensão do passado, que estrutura o presente e se projeta para o futuro. A compreensão da historicidade da Psicologia no Brasil como construção social, neste texto, tem como foco a análise das contradições que estiveram presentes nos diversos períodos, como condição para a compreensão das possibilidades de superação que permitiram saltos de qualidade no desenvolvimento da Psicologia, quer como conhecimento, quer como prática. Serão apresentadas, para cada período da história da Psicologia no Brasil, uma breve descrição de suas características e a análise de algumas produções, sejam elas teóricas, sejam práticas, que revelam suas contradições, sobretudo o confronto das concepções coexistentes em um mesmo tempo histórico, que demonstram o processo constitutivo dos saberes psicológicos e da Psicologia no Brasil a partir de distintos posicionamentos sociopolíticos e epistemológicos. Busca-se contribuir para a compreensão da constituição da Psicologia no Brasil a partir da dinâmica engendrada pelas e nas contradições históricas dessa área do saber, entendida como construção eminentemente social.

  16. Thorium, UNFC (3,3,3) In Brasil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Villas-Bôas, Roberto C.

    2014-01-01

    Types of thorium UNFC (3,3,3) in Brasil: • Placer, shoreline; • Placer, alluvial; • Carbonatite with residual enrichment (Barreiro,Catalao); • Carbonatite (Salitre, MG); • Pitinga granites (AM); • Alkalic Igneous

  17. Oxygen consumption rate and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in early developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus Lam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tomšić, Sanja; Stanković, Suzana; Lucu, Čedomil

    2011-09-01

    Changes in oxygen consumption rate and Na+/K+-ATPase activity during early development were studied in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus Lam. The oxygen consumption rate increased from 0.12 μmol O2 mg protein-1 h-1 in unfertilized eggs to 0.38 μmol O2 mg protein-1 h-1 25 min after fertilization. Specific activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase was significantly stimulated after fertilization, ranging up to 1.07 μmol Pi h-1 mg protein-1 in the late blastula stage and slightly lower values in the early and late pluteus stages.

  18. Brasil – México: trayectorias estructurales diferenciadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clemente Ruiz Durán

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Na última década, o crescimento permitiu ao Brasil se tornar a sexta economia do mundo, enquanto o México ficou para trás, mesmo que, em meados da primeira década do século XXI, as duas economias estivessem emparelhadas. As raízes dessa diferença podem ser encontradas nas políticas governamentais que no Brasil fortaleceram mercado interno, enquanto o México buscou por estabilidade e a globalização dificultou o potencial do mercado interno e reduziu o efeito das cadeias de valor globais. A análise comparativa das economias latino-americanas confirma a abordagem teórica da teoria do desenvolvimento, que o fortalecimento do mercado interno é a melhor maneira de aproximar economias de escala na economia global.

  19. Involvement of an octose ketoreductase and two acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of paulomycins

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jine; Wang, Min; Ding, Yong; Tang, Yue; Zhang, Zhiguo; Chen, Yihua

    2016-02-01

    C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch was proposed to be converted from C-4 acetyl branch by an uncharacterized ketoreduction step. Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4‧ hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7‧-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4‧ hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4‧ hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7‧-OH to generate diverse PAUs. In addition, another acyltransferase Pau24 was proposed to be responsible for the 13-O-acetylation of PAUs.

  20. RESENHA CRÍTICA - O BRASIL AFRICANO

    OpenAIRE

    Nery, Valéria

    2017-01-01

    Três mapas que proporcionam compreensões múltiplas e informações que transcendem tempo e espaço, que reúnem vidas, tradições e memórias, que nos levam a repensar os nossos conhecimentos sobre o Brasil e a África.

  1. SINAIS DOS TEMPOS: IGREJA E SEITAS NO BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Fermando Carneiro de Andrade

    1991-01-01

    Full Text Available Entre os anos 1986-1987, o Instituto de Estudos da Religião (ISER, a pedido do Conselho Nacional de Igrejas Cristãs, desenvolveu um longo estudo acerca da Diversidade Religiosa no Brasil, com base num programa coordenado pela antropóloga Leilah Landim. As preocupações centrais que uniam os pesquisadores diziam respeito ao conhecimento do diversificado campo religioso brasileiro com especial ênfase às suas transformações recentes. Resumimos aqui o fruto dos diversos debates travados em torno a questões tais como: "como podem ser inventariadas e classificadas as diversas Igrejas, grupos, movimentos religiosos que compõem esse universo no Brasil hoje? Onde

  2. Segurança alimentar de suplementos comercializados no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Silva,Luiz Fernando Miranda da; Ferreira,Karla Silva

    2014-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO: A ingestão de suplementos deve ser seguro à saúde.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a segurança alimentar de suplementos dietéticos no Brasil.MÉTODOS: Os produtos foram pesquisados em 36 websites dos mais relevantes em venda de suplementos no Brasil. Para a verificação da situação legal dos produtos e seus fabricantes, consultou-se a legislação brasileira e o banco de dados do Ministério da Saúde.RESULTADOS: Identificou-se 3526 suplementos, sendo 63% comercializados para fins de emagrecimento e h...

  3. Crime e desorganização familiar no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Costa, Daniel Souza

    2012-01-01

    O objetivo do trabalho é verificar empiricamente a influência da desorganização familiar nas taxas de homicídios dos municípios do Brasil. Com base na literatura clássica da economia do crime, a melhora no cenário econômico e social promoveria desincentivos à pratica de atividades ilícitas, reduzindo assim o crime. No entanto, o que se verificou na última década no Brasil foi o efeito inverso, devido ao aumento da criminalidade em várias regiões do país. Esse fenômeno abriu uma...

  4. O retrato do Brasil no jornal The New York Times

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Fensterseifer

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available A forma como um país é retratado pelos meios de comunicação pode afetar a imagem do mesmo internacionalmente. Estereótipos podem ser formados e reforçados dependendo de como informações sobre o país são enquadradas pela mídia. Uma análise de conteúdo revelou que, em 2013, ao retratar o Brasil, o The New York Times cobriu temas como futebol e Copa do Mundo, política e governo, instabilidade social, crime e violência, economia e cultura. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que o Brasil foi retratado como o país do futebol, apaixonado por seus jogadores, mas violento e com grandes contrastes sociais. Ao cobrir apenas um número limitado de temas, ignorando outros, o The New York Times reforça antigos estereótipos e restringe as possibilidades do Brasil se apresentar ao mundo de forma diferente.

  5. Impact of Moringa oleifera lam. Leaf powder supplementation versus nutritional counseling on the body mass index and immune response of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: a single-blind randomized control trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tshingani, Koy; Donnen, Philippe; Mukumbi, Henri; Duez, Pierre; Dramaix-Wilmet, Michèle

    2017-08-22

    To achieve effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes, adherence to an antiretroviral regimen and a good immunometabolic response are essential. Food insecurity can act as a real barrier to adherence to both of these factors. Many people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) treated with ART in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are faced with nutritional challenges. A significant proportion are affected by under nutrition, which frequently leads to therapeutic failure. Some HIV care facilities recommend supplementation with Moringa oleifera (M.O.) Lam. leaf powder to combat marginal and major nutritional deficiencies. This study aims to assess the impact of M.O. Lam. leaf powder supplementation compared to nutritional counseling on the nutritional and immune status of PLHIV treated with ART. A single-blind randomized control trial was carried out from May to September 2013 at an outpatient clinic for HIV-infected patients in Kinshasa (DRC). Sixty adult patients who were at stable HIV/AIDS clinical staging 2, 3 or 4 according to the World Health Organization (WHO), and were undergoing ART were recruited. After random allocation, 30 patients in the Moringa intervention group (MG) received the M.O. Lam. leaf powder daily over 6 months, and 30 in the control group (CG) received nutritional counseling over the same period. Changes in the body mass index (BMI) were measured monthly and biological parameters were measured upon admission and at the end of the study for the patients in both groups. The two study groups were similar in terms of long-term nutritional exposure, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and biological features. At 6 months follow-up, patients in the MG exhibited a significantly greater increase in BMI and albumin levels than those in the CG. The interaction between the sociodemographic, clinical, and biological characteristics of patients in the two groups was not significant, with the exception of professional

  6. DISCUSSÕES SOBRE O CONCEITO DE ESCALA E OS MAPEAMENTOS DE SOLOS NO BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joildes Brasil dos Santos

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Os primeiros levantamentos de solos do Brasil datam da década de 50 até meados dos anos 80, graças às expedições lideradas projeto RadamBrasil o que cominou na carta de solos do Brasil. Posteriormente, estudos da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE incrementaram novas informações a esse mapeamento, e mais recentemente classificaram os solos nacionais segundo o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS, 2009, na escala de 1:5.000.000. Haja vista as dimensões continentais do Brasil, essas representações, em pequenas escalas da distribuição dos solos, engendram num problema de generalização excessiva, que não contempla a realidade local. Neste sentido, este artigo terá como objetivo discutir questões referentes à escala e suas ambíguas conceituações, no tocante a abordagem escalar na Ciência Geográfica. Relacionado a isso, perscrutar a certa dos mapeamentos de solos atuais do Brasil, e como estes, a depender da escala, se apresentam de formas distintas.

  7. Carotid intima-media thickness in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): a narrative review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santos, Eduardo Henrique Sena; Santos Neto, Pedro José Dos; Santos, Itamar de Souza

    2018-01-01

    Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), as measured by ultrasound, has been used in large studies as a non-invasive marker for subclinical atherosclerosis. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a cohort of 15,105 civil servants in six Brazilian cities that included CIMT evaluation in its baseline assessment. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide an overview of ELSA-Brasil CIMT articles published up to July 31, 2017. Narrative review of ELSA-Brasil CIMT studies using baseline assessment data. We searched PubMed for the terms "ELSA-Brasil" and "intima-media". This search yielded 21 published articles using CIMT data from the ELSA-Brasil baseline assessment, which were included in this review. We also present information about intima-media thickness assessment from ongoing onsite reevaluations of the study participants. Most published studies focused on the association with traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors. Studies also presented information about the ELSA-Brasil CIMT protocol at baseline and CIMT value distribution in this large sample. Analyses on the ELSA-Brasil data led to important insights on CIMT interpretation and physiology. Besides the highlighted contributions which have already been made in this field, new data gathered during the ongoing third onsite assessment will enable investigation of substantially new research questions.

  8. Estados Unidos: do Iraque ao Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Virgílio Caixeta Arraes

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo busca analisar os recentes temas recorrentes na política externa norte-americana, caracterizada pela “guerra contra o terror”, e seus impactos para a agenda a ser discutida na vindoura visita do presidente dos Estados Unidos, Geoge W. Bush, ao Brasil.

  9. Bioaccumulation of selected heavy metals by the water fern, Azolla filiculoides Lam. in a wetland ecosystem affected by sewage, mine and industrial pollution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wet, L.P.D. de; Schoonbee, H.J.; Pretorius, J.; Bezuidenhout, L.M. (Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg (South Africa). Depts. of Zoology and Botany, Research Unit for Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems)

    1990-10-01

    The bio-accumulation of the heavy metals, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr by the water fern, Azolla filiculoides Lam. in a wetland ecosystem polluted by effluents from sewage works, mines and industries was investigated. Results showed that the different metals can be accumulated by the water fern at concentration levels not necessarily related to their actual concentrations in the aquatic environment, as measured in this case, in the bottom sediments. 45 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.

  10. Aspectos do realismo-naturalismo no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Aderaldo Castello

    1953-06-01

    Full Text Available (Primeiro Parágrafo do Artigo Silvio Romero, no opúsculo O naturalismo em literatura, publicado em 1882, um ano depois de O mulato de Aluísio Azevedo, reivindica, para si a glória de ter sido o introdutor das idéias naturalistas no Brasil.

  11. Screening antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties of extracts isolated from Jackfruit pulp (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruiz-Montañez, G; Burgos-Hernández, A; Calderón-Santoyo, M; López-Saiz, C M; Velázquez-Contreras, C A; Navarro-Ocaña, A; Ragazzo-Sánchez, J A

    2015-05-15

    The present focused on the study of the antimutagenic and antiproliferative potential of pulp Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) extract, using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 with metabolic activation (S9) and a cancer cell line M12.C3.F6 (murine B-cell lymphoma), respectively. Jackfruit pulp extract was sequentially fractionated by chromatography (RP-HPLC) and each fraction was tested for antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities. The organic extracts obtained from Jackfruit pulp reduced the number of revertants caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and proliferation of cells M12.C3.F6; a dose-response relationship was showed. Sequential RP-HPLC fractionation of the active extracts produced both antimutagenic and/or antiproliferative fractions. These results suggested that the Jackfruit contained compounds with chemoprotective properties to reduce the mutagenicity of AFB1, also proliferation of a cancer cell line. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. A editora portuguesa Livros do Brasil e suas obras eróticas na ditadura militar brasileira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Reimao

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Há no Arquivo Nacional cinco pareceres, datados de 1977, do Serviço de Censura de Diversões Públicas, orgão do Ministério da Justiça do Brasil, indicando o veto a cinco livros eróticos publicados pela editora portuguesa Livros do Brasil. Visando elaborar uma compreensãso contextualizada destes pareceres, esse estudo aborda inicialmente a história da editora Livros do Brasil e seu perfil editorial; a seguir, busca caracterizar as edições eróticas desta editora vetadas no Brasil, e, por fim, discute e analisa especificidades dos pareceres censórios brasileiros e de suas articulações argumentativas.

  13. Biological effects of fast neutron irradiation on callus tissues of Tecoma stans Juss. and Ammi visnaga Lam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Supniewska, J.H.; Dohnal, B.; Cebulska Wasilewska, A.; Huczkowski, J.

    1982-01-01

    Callus tissues of Tecoma stans Juss. and Ammi visnaga Lam. were subjected to fast neutron irradiation. Nine doses were applied within the range of 100 - 10.000 cGy. Small doses caused growth stimulation. Intermediate and high doses caused morphological changes, reduced growth and biosynthesis of biologically active substances (monoterpene alkaloids in T. stans, furanochromones in A. visnaga). In A. visnaga neutron irradiation considerably decreased the chlorophyll content in callus tissues. The radiosensitivity of A. visnaga at 50% growth reduction level was 1.5 times higher than that of the callus of T. stans. The recovery of the tissues takes place during a subculturing course. Three to 7 months after neutron exposure growth and biosynthesis reach the control level. (author)

  14. Logística reversa dos pneus usados no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Lagarinhos,Carlos A. F.; Tenório,Jorge A. S.

    2013-01-01

    Após a aprovação da Resolução CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) nº 258/99, ocorreu um avanço significativo na reciclagem de pneus no Brasil, com o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para reutilização, reciclagem e valorização energética. Em 2009, foi aprovada a Resolução CONAMA nº 416/09 que muda a forma de cálculo para a reciclagem, de pneus produzidos para venda no mercado de reposição. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar a logística reversa dos pneus usados no Brasil e c...

  15. Cuerpas Gordas: Gordofobia, Feminismo y Activismo de la Gordura en Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Luna Montalbetti, Cynthia Jazmin

    2017-01-01

    Metadados do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso: CUERPAS GORDAS: Gordofobia, Feminismo y Activismo de la Gordura en Brasil, pela/o discente: Cynthia Jazmin Luna Montalbetti do Centro de Integração e Relações Internacionais, curso de Ciência Política - Sociologia da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), no Repositório Institucional da UNILA (RI-UNILA) Cuerpas Gordas: Gordofobia, Feminismo y Activismo de la Gordura en Brasil

  16. Cytotoxic evaluation of essential oil from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. leaves Avaliação citotóxica do óleo volátil extraído das folhas do Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saulo Luis da Silva

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam is a plant popularly used as antimicrobial, for malaria and inflammatory treatment. The essential oil of Z. rhoifolium was extracted and its cytotoxic effects against HeLa (human cervical carcinoma, A-549 (human lung carcinoma, HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma, Vero (monkey kidney cell lines and mice macrophages were evaluated. Some of the terpenes of its essential oil (ß-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, alpha -pinene, myrcene and linalool were also tested to verify their possible influence in the oil cytotoxic activity. The results obtained permitted to confirm that the essential oil is cytotoxic against tumoral cells (CD50 = 82.3, 90.7 and 113.6 µg/ml for A-549, HeLa e HT-29 cell lines, respectively, while it did not show cytotoxicity against non-tumoral cells (Vero and mice macrophages. Thus, the essential oil from Z. rhoifolium leaves seems to present a possible therapeuthic role due to its selective cytotoxic activity against tumoral cell lines.O Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. é uma planta popularmente utilizada como antimicrobianos, no tratamento da malária e de inflamações. O óleo volátil do Z. rhoifolium foi extraído e posteriormente foi avaliada a sua citotoxicidade contra células HeLa (carcinoma cervical humano, A-549 (carcinoma de pulmão humano, HT-29 (adenocarcinoma de cólon humano, Vero (rim de macaco e macrófagos de camundongos. Alguns terpenos constituintes do óleo volátil (beta-cariofileno, alfa -humuleno, alfa -pineno, mirceno e linalool também foram testados para verificar as possíveis influências sobre a citotoxicidade do óleo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que o óleo volátil é citotóxico contra células as tumorais (CD50 = 82.3, 90.7 e 113.6 µg/ml para A-549, HeLa e HT-29 cell lines, respectivamente, mas não apresenta citotoxicidade contra as células não tumorais (Vero e macrófagos de camundongos. Desta forma o óleo volátil das folhas do Z. rhoifolium demonstra

  17. The occurrence of Glyceria striata (Lam. Hitchc. in Europe and the new localities of the species in Poland

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bartosz Piwowarski

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Glyceria striata (Lam. Hitchc. is a North American species that has been recorded in most, semi-natural habitats in Europe, e.g. in meadows, bog springs, margins of water bodies. It is circumscribed within two taxa of lower rank: G. striata subsp. striata and G. striata subsp. stricta. Only G. striata subsp. stricta has been reported from Europe. This paper gives a list of the European locali- ties of the species (48 and describes two newly discovered localities in Poland (the Wyżyna Małopolska upland and the Western Carpathian Mts.. The distribution of G. striata in Europe is mapped and potential migration routes of the species are discussed.

  18. Characterization, biological activities, and authentication of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam oil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rohman, A.

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam oil (RFO is one of high value edible oils having many functional advantages for health. P. conoideus is a native plant from Papua province, Republic of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. RFO is good for diets and served as preventive agents for various diseases such as cancer and coronary disease so that RFO can be considered as functional edible oils. Because of its high quality, in Indonesia fats and oils market, RFO has a more expensive price (10-15 times than other common edible oils like palm oil and corn oil. This fact attracts some unethical player to adulterate RFO with other lower priced-oils such as palm oil and corn oil. As a consequence, the authentication of RFO from any oil adulterants becomes important to ensure the quality and the authenticity of RFO. This article report some biological advantages of RFO and the characterization of RFO. FTIR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate calibrations has been reported as a powerful technique for the authentication of RFO from other oils and is the most reported techniques in some literature.

  19. Caracterización química del aceite y harina residual de solanum sisymbriifolium lam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wiese, B.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Seeds from Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam harvested at Olavarría (Buenos Aires, Argentine were defatted with hexane and the raw oil obtained with a yield of 20,6 % dry basis. The physicochemical characteristics of crude oil were: refractive index: 1,4610 (at 25ºC, iodine value: 112,8; saponification index: 170,0; unsaponifiable matter: 14,0 % and free fatty acid content: 2,4 (mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of seed oil was studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Major fatty acids of seed oil were: linoleic (52,3%, oleic (23,4 % and palmitic acid (16,4 %. The residual seed meal contained moderate level of crude protein (14,75%, dry basis, low level of available lysine (2,25 g/16gN and high content of crude fiber (51,5%, dry basis. Total and phytic acid phosphorous, calcium, ash, sugar and polysaccharides contents are reported.Semillas de Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam cosechadas en Olavarría (prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina se trataron con hexano (soxhlet obteniéndose el aceite crudo (rendimiento:20,6% y la harina residual de extracción. Las características fisicoquímicas del aceite crudo fueron: Índice de refracción: 1.4610 (a 25ºC; Índice de iodo: 112,8; Índice de saponificación: 170,0; Insaponificable: 14,0%, Índice de acidez: 2,4 (mgKOH/g. Se determinó la composición acídica del aceite por cromatografía gas-líquido. Los ácidos grasos mayoritarios fueron: ácido linoleico (52,3%, ácido oleico (23,4% y ácido palmítico (16,4%. La harina residual de extracción contenía una moderada proporción de proteína cruda (14,75% b.s, baja proporción de lisina disponible (2,25 g/16gN y un alto contenido de fibra cruda (51,5 %b.s. Se informan valores de fósforo total y de ácido fítico, cenizas, calcio e hidratos de carbono.

  20. A imagem do Brasil no discurso do New York Times. Aspectos sociais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Inez Mateus Dota

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este texto presenta un análisis de las noticias publicadas en el periódico The New York Times, versión digital, entre los meses de enero y junio de 2004. Al relacionarlas con los aspectos sociales del Brasil se intenta ver cuál es la imagen que ese periódico muestra del Brasil. El artículo adopta como fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos el análisis del discurso, principalmente las contribuiciones de Bell (1991, Fairclough (1995 y 2001, Fowler (1991 y Sousa (2004, discute las estrategias discursivas usadas para representar al Brasil y examina qué elementos escoge y los recursos de lenguaje que son empleados para la producción de los textos analizados.

  1. Exploring healthcare professionals experience and attitudes towards screening for and treatment of problem alcohol use among drug users attending primary care

    OpenAIRE

    Field, Catherine Anne; Klimas, Jan; Barry, Joe; Bury, Gerard; Keenan, Eamon; Lyons, Suzi; Smyth, Bobby P.; Cullen, Walter

    2011-01-01

    Problem alcohol use (PAU) is common among drug users (DUs) prevalence rates vary from 13-76%, in a recent Irish study of patients on methadone 35% had an AUDIT score indicating PAU. PAU is associated with adverse health outcomes including physical, psychological and social implications. Despite the crucial role of primary care in screening and treatment for problematic alcohol use and the importance of a stepped approach to alcohol treatment, supported by the evidence, little data reporting i...

  2. Diversidad de macroalgas asociada con un manto de rodolitos tropical de Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Amado-Filho, GM; Maneveldt, GW; Pereira-Filho, GH; Manso, RCC; Bahia, RG.; Barros-Barreto, MB; Guimarães, SMPB

    2010-01-01

    Se describen las poblaciones de las macroalgas submareales predominantemente tropicales que crecen sobre rodolitos entre 4 y 18 m de profundidad en la parte sur del estado de Espirito Santo (Brasil). Muestreos cualitativos y cuantitativos revelaron comunidades ricas en especies de algas, incluyendo 167 especies. Tres especies de rodofitas son nuevas adiciones a la flora marina de Brasil (Lithothamnion muelleri, Scinaia aborealis y Mesophyllum engelhartii). Las marcadas diferencias estacionale...

  3. A standardized extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) flowers suppresses the IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6 and matrix-metalloproteases by activating autophagy in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ansari, Mohammad Y; Khan, Nazir M; Haqqi, Tariq M

    2017-12-01

    Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of joint dysfunction, disability and poor quality of life in the affected population. The underlying mechanism of joint dysfunction involves increased oxidative stress, inflammation, high levels of cartilage extracellular matrix degrading proteases and decline in autophagy-a mechanism of cellular defense. There is no disease modifying therapies currently available for OA. Different parts of the Butea monosperma (Lam.) plant have widely been used in the traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine system for the treatment of various human diseases including inflammatory conditions. Here we studied the chondroprotective effect of hydromethanolic extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) flowers (BME) standardized to the concentration of Butein on human OA chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β. The hydromethanolic extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) (BME) was prepared with 70% methanol-water mixer using Soxhlet. Chondrocytes viability after BME treatment was measured by MTT assay. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using TaqMan assays and immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Autophagy activation was determined by measuring the levels of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) by immunoblotting and visualization of autophagosomes by transmission electron and confocal microscopy. BME was non-toxic to the OA chondrocytes at the doses employed and suppressed the IL-1β induced expression of inerleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3), MMP-9 and MMP-13. BME enhanced autophagy in chondrocytes as determined by measuring the levels of LC3-II by immunoblotting and increased number of autophagosomes in BME treated chondrocytes by transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. BME upregulated the expression of several autophagy related genes and increased the autophagy flux in human OA chondrocytes under pathological conditions. Further analysis revealed that

  4. (Re)Descobrimento do Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Gatti, José; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

    2008-01-01

    Como todos aprendemos nas escolas brasileiras, os navegadores portugueses chegaram ao Brasil em 1500. Desde então, esse evento tem sido objeto de controvérsias (casualidade? intencionalidade dos navegadores?) e disputas (quem os teria precedido? espanhóis? franceses? africanos?). Acima das polêmicas, o que continua sendo ensinado é que a frota comandada por Pedro Álvares Cabral realizou o primeiro contato oficial de Portugal com a nova terra a 16° Sul e a identificou como possessão Del Rey, c...

  5. Centesimal composition and physical-chemistry analysis of the edible mushroom Lentinus strigosus occurring in the Brazilian Amazon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CECI SALES-CAMPOS

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available The centesimal composition and the physical and chemical analyses of Lentinus strigosus, an edible mushroom occurring in the Brazilian Amazon and produced in alternative substrates based on wood and agroindustrial residues, were evaluated. For this purpose, the C, N, pH, soluble solids, water activity, protein, lipids, total fiber, ash, carbohydrate, and energy levels were determined. The substrates were formulated from Simarouba amara Aubl. (“marupá”, Ochroma piramidale Cav. Ex. Lam. (“pau-de-balsa” and Anacardium giganteum (“cajuí” sawdust and Bactris gasipaes Kunth (“pupunheira” stipe and Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane bagasse. The results indicated that the nutritional composition of L. strigosus varied with the substrate of cultivation; the protein levels found in mushrooms grown in the different substrates (18 – 21.5% varied with the substrate and was considered high; the soluble solids present in the mushrooms could have a relation with complex B hydrosoluble vitamins. L. strigosus could be considered as important food owing to its nutritional characteristics such as high protein content, metabolizable carbohydrates and fibers, and low lipids and calories content.

  6. La confianza interpersonal brasileña en perspectiva comparada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Timothy Joseph POWER

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Uno de los aspectos menos estudiados de la cultura política del Brasil es su tasa extraordinariamente baja de confianza interpersonal. Después de revisar la literatura sobre confianza interpersonal, el presente artículo examina el nivel brasileño de confianza social en perspectiva regional y global. Analiza datos de sondeos recientes y demuestra que el mejor predictor de confianza es la educación, una área en que Brasil presenta un desarrollo inferior al de sus vecinos. El artículo también sugiere una agenda de investigación futura para estudiar este aspecto singular de la cultura política brasileña, dentro de la cual las variables de desigualdad social y de exposición a la televisión tendrían papeles importantes. Tal agenda de investigación es de gran consecuencia dado el papel importante de la confianza interpersonal, tanto para el desarrollo económico como para la consolidación democrática.ABSTRACT: One of the most understudied aspects of Brazilian political culture is the country’s extraordinarily low rates of interpersonal trust. After reviewing the literature on interpersonal trust, this paper provides regional and global perspective on Brazil’s level of social trust. It examines data from recent public opinion surveys in Brazil and demonstrates that the strongest predictor of trust is education, an area in which Brazil lags behind its neighbors. The paper also suggests a future research agenda for investigating this unique aspect of Brazilian political culture, in which the variables of inequality and television exposure would play important roles. Such a research agenda is critical given the important role played by trust in both economic development and democratic consolidation.

  7. Jornalismo, literatura e urbanização no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Nicolato

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOEste artigo temcomo objetivo revelar as relações existentes entre jornalismo, literatura eurbanização no Brasil, no período compreendido entre o descobrimento e o iníciodas duas primeiras décadas do século XX. Em termos historiográficos, sãoanalisadas a Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, as Cartas Chilenas, a chegada e aconsolidação da imprensa no Brasil. Neste último, a análise é feita a partirdas reflexões sobre a identidade nacional nas figuras de Lima Barreto, João doRio e Euclides da Cunha.Palavras-chave: Jornalismo. Literatura. História. ABSTRACTThis article aims to reveal the existingrelations among journalism, literature and urbanization in Brazil, in theperiod between the discovery and the beginning of the first two decades of the20th century. In historiographical terms, the Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha,the Chilean Letters, the arrival and the consolidation of the press in Brazilare analyzed. In the latter, the analysis is conducted from the reflections ofLima Barreto, João do Rio and Euclides da Cunha as pictures of nationalidentity.Key words: Journalism. Literature.History RESUMENEste artículo tiene comoobjetivo mostrar las relaciones existentes entre el periodismo, la literatura yla urbanización en Brasil, en el período transcurrido entre el descubrimiento yel inicio de las dos primeras décadas del siglo 20. Desde el punto de vistahistoriográfico, se analizan la Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, las CartasChilenas, la llegada y la consolidación de la prensa en Brasil. En este últimocaso, el análisis se lleva a cabo desde las reflexiones sobre la identidadnacional en las figuras de Lima Barreto, João do Rio y Euclides da Cunha.Palabras-clave: Periodismo. Literatura. Historia.

  8. Efeitos de doses crescentes de calcário em solo Latossolo Amarelo na produção de mudas de pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus sw., bombacaceae Effects of the rising heat in Yellow Oxisoil in the production of silent wood rafts (Ochroma lagopus sw., bombacaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Alberto Franco Tucci

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available A produção de mudas de qualidade com adequado teor nutricional é fundamental para o desenvolvimento da planta e para a formação do sistema radicular, a qual apresentará melhor capacidade de adaptação ao novo local após o plantio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de calcário na produção de mudas de pau-de-balsa. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de doses crescentes de corretivo e equivaleram a 0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 t ha-1 de calcário e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. As características avaliadas foram: altura da planta; diâmetro do colo, matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca total, relação raiz/parte aérea, teores totais de macronutrientes nas plantas (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Os resultados demonstraram que a prática de calagem como fator de correção do solo usado no substrato favoreceu todas as características de crescimento avaliadas na produção de mudas de pau-de-balsa. A correção do solo influenciou positivamente a absorção de Ca, Mg e S, por outro lado, não apresentou efeitos estatisticamente significativos para a absorção de N, P e K.The production of quality rafts with appropriate nutritional tenor is fundamental for plant development and for forming of root systems, which present best ability to adapt to new locations after plantation. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of rising heat levels in the production of silent wood rafts. The treatment was constituted by rising doses of correction and was equal to 0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0; 1.5, and 2.0 t ha-1 of lime and the experimental detail used was of blocks, repeating five times. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height; diameter, dry material of the aerial part, root relation/aerial part, content of macronutrients in the plants (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. The results demonstrate that the practice of liming as a soil correction

  9. O Rugby, identidade e processos econômicos no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Diego Monteiro Gutierrez

    2016-01-01

    A dissertação cria um panorama amplo da prática do rugby no Brasil abordando aspectos sociológicos e históricos da modalidade em território nacional com o objetivo de compreender a sua prática, características e dinâmicas na atualidade. A partir do referencial teórico de Bourdieu e Mauss, entre outros, o trabalho constrói uma história do rugby no Brasil, utilizando como base documentos e entrevistas. A dissertação procura demonstrar que o rugby, inicialmente praticado quase que só por jogador...

  10. Mercado de água (envasada) no Brasil e no mundo

    OpenAIRE

    Gorini, Ana Paula Fontenelle

    2000-01-01

    Este artigo traça o panorama do setor de água engarrafada no Brasil e no mundo, que representa a quinta maior categoria de bebidas (em volume) no país, vindo atrás de refrigerantes, leite, cerveja e café solúvel e à frente de sucos e vinhos. Ao longo da década de 90, o segmento vem apresentando as maiores taxas de crescimento entre todas as categorias mencionadas. Comparado com países como Itália, França, Estados Unidos, entre outros, o Brasil apresenta ainda um baixo consumo per capita e exc...

  11. A produção do lugar de transmissão da leishmaniose tegumentar: o caso da Localidade Pau da Fome na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Production of transmission foci for cutaneous leishmaniasis: the case of Pau da Fome, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hélia Kawa

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa as características de um dos lugares de transmissão de maior relevância da leishmaniose tegumentar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, considerando sua configuração territorial e as relações desta com processos de organização do espaço. Utilizou-se o modelo de análise do processo de ocupação e organização do espaço urbano, em escala local, considerando-se as novas funções adquiridas pelos elementos espaciais expressos por diferentes relações de trabalho, uso do solo e valor da terra. Empregaram-se técnicas de geoprocessamento e de classificação de imagens obtidas por sensoriamento remoto, localização de domicílios e casos de leishmaniose tegumentar, associados a dados qualitativos sobre o processo histórico de ocupação e uso do solo. A análise mostrou áreas com distintas condições de vulnerabilidade, e que mudanças destas condições viabilizaram a produção da epidemia em um determinado período e sua posterior redução. O estudo contribui para o monitoramento da enfermidade em nível local e para a aplicação de medidas eficazes para as ações de vigilância e controle da leishmaniose tegumentar.This study analyzes the characteristics of one of the main foci for cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, examining its territorial configuration and the relations with spatial organization processes. An analytical model was applied to the process of occupation and organization of urban space on a local scale, considering the new functions acquired by the spatial elements expressed by different work relations, land use, and land value. The study employed geoprocessing techniques and classification of images obtained by remote sensing, localization of households, and cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, associated with qualitative data on the historical process of land occupation and use. The analysis detected areas with distinct conditions of vulnerability

  12. EFEITO DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS NA GERMINAÇÃO DE Ochroma pyramidale (CAV. EX LAM. URB. (BOMBACACEAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Breno Pinto Rayol

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito de diferentes substratos na germinação de Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam. Urb. (Bombacaceae. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (substratos e quatro repetições de 25 sementes. Foram testados os seguintes substratos: areia + vermiculita (1:1; vermiculita e, areia + serragem (1:1. Foi avaliado o efeito dos substratos pelo percentual de germinação das sementes, tempo médio de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos em todas as variáveis observadas. As sementes, quando acondicionadas em vermiculita, apresentaram a maior taxa de germinação, maior velocidade e menor tempo de germinação.

  13. Le savoir-faire local dans la valorisation alimentaire des fruits du safoutier (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don H.J. Lam au Cameroun

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noumi, GB.

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available The Local Know-how in the Valorisation of (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don H.J. Lam Fruits in Cameroon. Dacryodes edulis (G. Don H.J. Lam (Burseraceae is an oleaginous plant highly appreciated in the forest zone of Cameroon. This tree yields fruits called african pear or safou, highly consumed by local populations and even abroad. African pear is at the centre of a great economic activity in the Central Africa subregion as its trade generates cash for local traders during the production period. However, the valorisation of african pear is hindered by its high perishable nature responsible for important post-harvest losses due to lack of proper post-harvest handling. Some studies addressed the problem, unfortunately, nothing was done on the local know-how which has still to be investigated. The present paper sheds light on african pear local harvesting, handling and marketing practices in Cameroon. Field surveys were carried out in different production zones in Cameroon savannah and humid forest lowlands: Adamawa, centre, east, littoral and west provinces. Results showed that african pear occupies an important place in the population daily life. This multipurpose tree specie appears to be a source of foodstuffs, cash income, drugs and wood. If, on one hand diverse strategies are developed by the population for a proper conservation of fruits, on the other hand there is not a real fruits transformation activity. Results of this study highlight the traditional know-how and bring out prospects for future works on african pear valorisation.

  14. [Headache and immigration. A study in the outpatient department of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau in Barcelona].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vidal-Jordana, A; Barroeta-Espar, I; Sainz-Pelayo, M P; Sala, I; Roig, C

    2011-09-01

    The immigrant population (IP) is visiting neurology departments on an increasingly more frequent basis. Research has still not made it clear whether there are geographical differences in the prevalence of primary headaches and the possible influence of emigration. We conducted a retrospective (12 months) and prospective study (18 months) of the first visits to the Headache Unit at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Data collected included the country of birth, time parameters of the headache and of the immigration, diagnoses according to the criteria of the IHS and treatments that had been used. Related headaches were considered to be those that began within one year of having immigrated. The IP represents 13.6% (n = 142) of the total number of first visits because of headaches (n = 1044). Immigrants came mostly from Latin America (83.9%). Headaches began after immigration in 40.1% of cases without the existence of any temporal relation with immigration. The distribution of the diagnoses of headache is similar to those of the local population, the most frequent being migraine (57.7%) and tension-type headache (15.5%). On comparing treatments prior to and following immigration, we find differences in the use of triptans (2.1% versus 46.2%), ergotamine (9.8% versus 2.1%) and in the use of preventive treatments (2% versus 45%). The IP accounts for 13% of all first visits due to headaches and their diagnoses are similar to those of the local population. Emigration is neither a precipitating nor an aggravating factor for headaches in our series. There is a significant difference in symptomatic and preventive treatment between the period prior to immigration and afterwards.

  15. FLUXOS DE CAPITAL NO BRASIL PÃS-PLANO REAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Horst Dieter Möller

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho focaliza os fluxos de capital no Brasil pós-Plano Real sob os problemas da globalização financeira para mercados emergentes. A volatilidade dos fluxos de capital no Brasil sob crises cambiais e bancárias em mercados emergentes, começando com a crise mexicana em 1994/95, é analisada sob as perspectivas de ocorrências de reversões expressivas em tempos de crise e da influência das reversões sobre a eclosão das crises no Brasil. A análise econométrica mostra que a volatilidade dos fluxos de capital é diferente em seus segmentos, maior no segmento dos outros investimentos e nos investimentos em carteira do que nos investimentos diretos. Houve também reversões significativas em todos os segmentos em conseqüência das crises. Nesse sentido, os fluxos de capital trazem, em geral, benefícios para a economia nacional, mas podem também piorar expressivamente a situação econômica do país em tempos de crise.

  16. El refugio de las masas: recepción de la obra de Lavive D’Epinay en Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Mariano

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available El Refugio de las Masas, publicada en Brasil por la editora Paz e Terra en 1970, se le considera una obra clásica por investigadores brasileños, definió las grandes líneas que hasta hoy inspiran el debate sobre el protestantismo latinoamericano como un problema sociológico.Aunque inspiró varios investigadores brasileños, el trabajo de D’Epinay repercutió, en especial,sobre las discusiones de tres temas: 1 el crecimiento pentecostal en Brasil; 2 la función del protestantismo en fase de la transición de la sociedad tradicional para la moderna; 3 la alienación política del pentecostalismo.

  17. NACIONAL DE TURISMO NO BRASIL (1934-2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gisélia Lima Carvalho

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de institucionalización del turismo en Brasil a través de la identificación de las medidas relacionadas con el turismo que ayudaron a formar la Política Nacional de Turismo (PNT. Se parte del principio de que las acciones, ubicadas en diferentes momentos históricos, formaron la estructura de la política nacional, siendo relevante durante toda la investigación, lo que contrar - resta a las tesis de algunos investigadores en Brasil que sostienen que sólo hubo política de facto después de 1990. Por lo tanto, la estrategia se basó en lo enfoque crítico de la literatura sobre la política de turismo y en el esfuerzo de investigación documental, a través de un estudio de la legislación pertinente del período entre 1934 y 2014.

  18. Comparing the DSM-5 construct of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder and ICD-10 Mixed Disorder of Emotion and Conduct in the UK Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (UK-LAMS) Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sagar-Ouriaghli, I; Milavic, G; Barton, R; Heaney, N; Fiori, F; Lievesley, K; Singh, J; Santosh, Paramala

    2018-05-05

    It is important to understand new diagnostic entities in classifications of psychopathology such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) (code F34.8) construct of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) and to compare it with possible equivalent disorders in other classificatory systems such as the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10), which has a category that superficially appears similar, that is, Mixed Disorder of Emotion and Conduct (MDEC) (code F92). In this study, the United Kingdom (UK) arm (UK-LAMS) of the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) supported Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) multi-site study was used to evaluate and retrospectively construct DMDD and MDEC diagnoses in order to compare them and understand the conditions they co-occur with, in order to improve the clinical understanding. In particular, the phenomenology of UK-LAMS participants (n = 117) was used to determine whether DMDD is a unique entity within the DSM-5. The findings showed that 24 of 68 participants with either DMDD or MDEC (35.3%) fulfilled both diagnostic criteria for DMDD and MDEC, suggesting that these entities do contain overlapping features, particularly symptoms relating to Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)/Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD) and/or an anxiety disorder. The data also showed that most of the participants who met DMDD criteria also fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ODD/CD, ADHD, followed by an anxiety disorder. In this context, this raises the issue whether DMDD is a unique construct or whether the symptomology for DMDD can be better explained as a specifier for ODD/CD and ADHD. Unlike DMDD, MDEC clearly specifies that the label should only be used if emotional and conduct disorders co-exist.

  19. O programa Estúdio Móvel da TV Brasil no Facebook

    OpenAIRE

    Rozados, Helen Beatriz Frota; Corrêa, Rochele Tonello Zago

    2013-01-01

    Este artigo trata do uso do Facebook por programa de televisão pública. O objetivo geral é compreender com que finalidade o Estúdio Móvel da TV Brasil utiliza a rede social virtual Facebook, contextualizando a TV Pública Brasileira, a TV Brasil, o Núcleo Multimídia (NUMID) e o programa Estúdio Móvel. Apresenta o conceito de TV Social, convergência transmídia de conteúdos e o Estúdio Móvel no Facebook. Discute a metodologia aplicada e os resultados da pesquisa. Considera que os conteúdos compa...

  20. El perfil del consumidor de hostel en Brasil y sus motivaciones

    OpenAIRE

    Mané, Alexandra; Ferreira, Lissa

    2017-01-01

    El creciente número de hostels en Brasil ha atraído cada vez más brasileños que buscan este tipo de establecimiento para hospedarse. No obstante, vale destacar que deben realizarse más estudios que aborden la importancia de los hostels y sus consumidores en el mercado de turismo. Podrán contribuir al conocimiento teórico y práctico posibilitando un mejor entendimiento sobre este segmento. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y describir el perfil del consumidor de hostel, sus motivacio...

  1. KARAKTERISTIK PROKSIMAT DAN ORGANOLEPTIK UBI JALAR MERAH (IPOMEA BATATAS (L. LAM. PADA BERBAGAI PROSES PEMASAKAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dwi Febriantini

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L. Lam. is one of functional foods that can maintain and improve human health. Due to the very hard texture of red sweet potato, it cannot be consumed directly. Therefore, it requires various cooking methods in order to be more suitable for consumption. This study aimed at determining effects of various cooking methods on the proximate and sensory properties of red sweet potato. The research covers various cooking methods of red sweet potato through boiling, frying, baking, steaming, and one treatment without cooking process (fresh which was used as a control. The results show that various cooking methods affect almost all testing parameters significantly, except for ash content. Baked red sweet potato has the lowest moisture content (38,75% and the highest sugar value as sucrose (17,17%. Sensory properties test results show that the most preferred red sweet potato is fried red sweet potato.

  2. Cesariana no Brasil: uma análise epidemiológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jefferson Carlos Tolentino Rodrigues

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available É comumente afirmado que o Brasil lidera o número de cesáreas no mundo. Desta forma, estetrabalho busca entender se o parto cesáreo é o principal procedimento cirúrgico eleito e sefatores socioeconômicos podem ser norteadores dessa escolha utilizando para tanto pesquisaevolutiva e comparação entre estados brasileiros. Analisou-se para tanto, a evolução durante osúltimos três anos do número de cesáreas no Brasil e comparou-se essa evolução tomando comobase os três estados mais pobres do Brasil com os três estados mais ricos. Assim, foi realizadoum estudo descritivo de corte transversal, em que se avaliou o número de cesarianas realizadasentre os anos de 2009 e 2011, contrapondo-os com o número de partos naturais, e como essenúmero foi modificado durante esse período. Verificou-se que o número de partos cesáreos emtodos os estados analisados é maior do que o de partos normais. Observou-se ainda que essenúmero é crescente e maior em estados com maior IDH. Conforme o presente estudo, o Brasilefetivamente continua tendo altos índices de partos por cesárea, sendo que mais da metadedos nascimentos ocorrem através do procedimento cirúrgico. Desta forma, a realidade brasileiracontrapõe aquilo que é recomendado pela OMS. Verificou-se também que o procedimentocesáreo vai sendo eleito paulatinamente como principal forma de parto no Brasil, mesmo entreestados menos desenvolvidos e, portanto, sem todos os recursos capazes a garantir o sucessodessa escolha.

  3. El Control Policial-Medico-Securitario Brasileño

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thayara Silva Castelo Branco

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available El artículo trata de los contornos del nuevo modelo de gobierno medico-policial, introducido en Brasil a finales del siglo XIX , en los cuales tenía como objetivo promover la salud básica a través de la vía policialesca conectada al control y normalización de los peligrosos e indeseables. Así, cuestiona la medicalización y policialización de las acciones del gobierno que empiezó a conectar el concepto de "enfermedad" a la lógica de la anticipación del peligro, la delincuencia, el control, la exclusión e inocuização, cumpliendo así, la política de seguridad que allí sobresalía y que dejó graves consecuencias en el Brasil.

  4. A feitoria portuguesa do Rio de Janeiro The portuguese settlement in Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Lourenço Fernendes

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo aborda a investigação sobre o local onde foi erguida a primeira feitoria portuguesa no Brasil, o primeiro núcleo de civilização européia ao sul do equador, no Atlântico Ocidental. Discutindo as teses sobre a denominada feitoria de "Cabo Frio" (Varhagen e Laguarda Trias, o texto examina o elenco de fatores geológicos, etnológicos, iconográficos e cartográficos implicados, à luz de elementos probatórios históricos e arqueológicos, para sustentar a localização da feitoria na ilha do Gato, a ilha do Governador da Baía de Guanabara. Indícios de um provável pré-descobrimento do Brasil rondam o ensaio, com a reinterpretação das circunstâncias nebulosas que envolvem o chamado "ciclo do pau brasil".The article approaches the investigation about the place where the first Portuguese settlement in Brazil was erected, the first nucleus of European civilization south of the equator in the western Atlantic region. Discussing the theses about the settlement named "Cabo Frio" (Varhagen and Laguarda Trias, the text examines the list of geologic, ethnologic, iconographic, and cartographic factors implied, in light of the elements of historical and archeological proof, to sustain the position of the settlement on Gato Island, the Governador's Island in Guanabara Bay. Evidence of a probable pre-discovery of Brazil prowls the essay with the reinterpretation of the nebulous circumstances that involve the so-called "cycle of brazilwood".

  5. Novos registros em Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) para o Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Büneker,Henrique Mallmann; Pontes,Rodrigo Corrêa; Witeck-Neto,Leopoldo

    2015-01-01

    Resumo São registradas pela primeira vez para a flora do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Schult.f. e Tillandsia pohliana Mez, sendo também redescoberta Tillandsia bandensis Baker neste estado e Brasil. São fornecidas descrições, fotografias e dados de suas distribuições geográficas.

  6. Annual report - Industrias Nucleares do Brasil S A - 1998; Relatorio anual - Industrias Nucleares do Brasil S A - 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-07-01

    The annual report of 1998 of Industrias Nucleares do Brasil S A - Brazilian company responsible for the industrial activities of the nuclear fuel cycle - introduces the next main topics: mineral resource directory main actions; industrial directory main actions; finance and administration directory main actions; transparency; environment, safety and quality; the company; and financial statements.

  7. A bebida de Ninkasi em terras tupiniquins: O mercado da cerveja e o Turismo Cervejeiro no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ewerton Reubens Coelho-Costa

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available O artigo versa sobre o mercado de cervejas e o turismo cervejeiro no Brasil. Apresenta considerações sobre a origem da cerveja no mundo, a chegada da bebida ao Brasil e o panorama de produção e consumo da bebida no país, na contemporaneidade. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório com base na revisão bibliográfica, que tem como objetivo averiguar o potencial da cerveja artesanal para o desenvolvimento do turismo cervejeiro brasileiro. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que o número de cervejaria artesanais no Brasil é incerto pela falta de dados oficiais; o turismo cervejeiro no Brasil tem maior expressividade a partir da existência de eventos ligados à cerveja; o Brasil dispões de roteiros turísticos para este nicho do mercado onde um dos principais atrativos está na visitação às fabricas de cerveja para entender o processo de fabricação e degustar diferentes tipos da bebida.  Palavras-chave: Cerveja, turismo cervejeiro, mercado.

  8. Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf Extract of Abutilon hirtum (Lam. Sweet by GC-MS Method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vivekraj P.

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Abutilon hirtum (Lam. Sweet (Malvaceae commonly known as Vadathuthi. It is used as one of the most important drugs in traditional system of medicine to treat various ailments. The plant is used for to its various properties as demulcent, diuretics, anti-diabetics, anthelmintic, laxative, wound healing properties, antibacterial and antifungal properties. The present study revealed the presence of phytochemicals like Diethyl Phthalate (19.171%,Benzaldehyde 4-propyl (5.219%,Methoxyacetic acid 3-tridecyl ester (5.196%,Sulfurous acid dodecyl 2-propyl ester (0.455%,Sulfurous acid, butyl dodecyl ester (0.442%etc., from the chloroform extracts of leaves in A. hirtum. In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the phytochemical present in the extracts in the preliminary level by using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS. The study will provide information for the correct identification of the crude drug. This will be further considered for pharmacological activities and isolation of individual components would however, help to find new drugs.The results are reported for the first time in A. hirtum.

  9. Fatty acids and physiological quality of tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica Lam. seed during natural ageing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan M Pichardo-González

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available In México, 44 thousand hectares are planted with tomatillo or husk tomato (Physalis philadelphica Lam., which occupies fourth place among the country's vegetable species. However, research on this species is scarce, especially that related to the process of seed deterioration. We studied the effects of deterioration in tomatillo seed, var. CHF1-Chapingo, stored from 2-mo up to 7 yr with no climate control, 18.2 ± 5 °C and 41 ± 10% relative humidity, on physiological and biochemical variables during germination. It was found that germination, vigor, and respiratory activity decrease significantly from the first year of storage; thus, after 7 yr, germination and vigor decreased 99%, and respiratory activity of seed after 48 h imbibition decreased 78%. Linoleic acid (unsaturated content correlated positively with germination (R = 0.78** and with speed of radicle emergence (R = 0.79**. Germination correlated with speed of radicle emergence (R = 0.99** and with respiratory activity after 48 h of imbibition (R = 0.79**. Both respiratory activity and fatty acid content are involved in natural deterioration of tomatillo seed.

  10. Physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. pulp.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Kexue; Zhang, Yanjun; Nie, Shaoping; Xu, Fei; He, Shuzhen; Gong, Deming; Wu, Gang; Tan, Lehe

    2017-01-02

    A water-soluble polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) pulp (JFP-Ps) was purified and its physicochemical properties were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities of JFP-Ps was evaluated by measuring DPPH and OH radicals scavenging activities, as well as reducing power. The results showed that JFP-Ps contained 79.12% of total sugar, 5.83% of protein, 15.65% of uronic acid, and 15 kinds of amino acids with high levels of Asp, Glu, Val, Leu and Lys. JFP-Ps was mainly composed of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc, Xyl and GalA, with an average molecular weight of 1668kDa. FT-IR results showed the bands at the range of 1200-850cm -1 suggested the presence of carbohydrates in JFP-Ps. The results of antioxidant activities showed that JFP-Ps exhibited strong DPPH and OH radical scavenging activities, with a relatively lower reducing power, suggesting that JFP-Ps can be exploited as effective natural antioxidant applications in medical and food industries. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Antimicrobial Activity and Chromatographic Analysis of Extracts from Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. Tubers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ritiel Corrêa da Cruz

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Background: Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. tubers (Tropaeolaceae are known and used as a condiment and for the treatment of skin infections in Southern Brazil. However, its activity and composition has not yet been investigated. Thus, different extracts and the essential oil from the tubers were tested against a range of microorganisms. The most active extracts were submitted to chromatographic analysis. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract (70%, fractions of it, and the essential oil from the tubers were tested against several bacteria, yeasts and molds, furnishing the corresponding inhibitory, bactericidal and fungicidal minimal concentration values. The most active extracts were submitted to GC-MS investigation. Results: The strongest effects against different strains of microorganisms, such as Gram-positive and negative bacteria, Candida spp. and dermatophytes were observed for the essential oil and the chloroform fraction, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs well below 200 µg/mL. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major essential oil constituent is benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC, while the chloroform fraction is constituted of BITC, amides, sulfur, fatty acids and its esters, all compounds that may be related to the demonstrated activity. Conclusions: Overall, the results support the popular use of the plant for the treatment of skin infections, and revealed the main active compounds.

  12. Las revistas impresas ‘Educación’ y la (reorientación de las prácticas pedagógicas. Historias vinculadas entre São Paulo y Bogotá, 1932-1939

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Jilmar Díaz Soler

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se inscribe en un marco investigativo que busca comprender los dispositivos de producción y de circulación de ideas. Para ello, asume investigativamente dos revistas destinadas a la formación de profesores. Tituladas Educação y Educación y divulgadas entre los años 1932 y 1939, estas Revistas circularon en las redes públicas de enseñanza de São Pau- lo (Brasil y de Bogotá (Colombia, período en el cual, además de ser mantenidas por los respectivos Estados y ser organizadas por grupos articulados a políticas educacionales, apostaron a la (reorganización de las prácticas pedagógicas, puntualmente y, de la cultura, en términos generales, mediante la divulgación de específicos contenidos.

  13. Adidos Trabalhistas e lideres sindicais norteamericanos no Brasil 1943 – 1952

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo José Afonso

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa documentos restritos e secretos do Departamento de Estado norte-americano, principalmente os Relatórios “Mensais do Trabalho”, relatórios do FBI, da CIA e do Departamento do Trabalho dos Estados Unidos, e procura descrever a ação dos Adidos Trabalhistas Americanos e Ingleses no Brasil, no período de 1943 a 1952, como elementos-chave na política externa dos Estados Unidos, direcionada à possível intervenção em assuntos internos brasileiros. O presente estudo destaca, igualmente, a tarefa de líderes sindicais norte-americanos, ligados à Federação Americana do Trabalho e ao Departamento de Estado - em visita ao Brasil no período descrito, no intento de obter a cooptação de líderes sindicais brasileiros para a associação na formação de uma grande Central Sindical Mundial, cujo intuito era o controle do movimento operário do Brasil e de outros países sob sua influência.

  14. Essential oil composition of fruit colour varieties of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. Composição dos óleos essenciais de variedades de coloração de frutos de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Roberto H. Moreno

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. is a variable species concerning fruit colour, with three recognized varieties. However, the definition of varieties is not easy for Myrtaceae species and not widely accepted. Two fruit colour varieties (purple and yellow of E. brasiliensis had their essential oil composition analysed in order to give support to the existence of varieties for this species. Although, the major components in the leaf oil are the same monoterpenes for both varieties, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and 1,8-cineol, the purple fruit variety accumulates more oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.9% than the one with yellow fruits (3.8%. The major differences occurred in purple fruits that present as major components caryophyllene oxide (22.2% and alpha-cadinol (10.4%, not found in the leaf oil, and the yellow fruit oil presented a similar composition as observed for the leaves. These fruit colour varieties of E. brasilensis can be considered as two distinct chemotypes, since the sesquiterpene pathway is more operant in the purple variety than in the yellow one, in which monoterpenes are mainly accumulated.A espécie Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. apresenta a coloração dos frutos variável, sendo reconhecidas três variedades. Entretanto, a definição de variedades não é fácil para espécies de Myrtaceae e também não é amplamente aceita. Duas variedades de Eugenia brasiliensis, baseado na cor dos frutos (roxos e amarelos, tiveram a composição de seus óleos essenciais analisadas com a finalidade de obter indícios de variedade botânica para esta espécie. Embora, os componentes principais nos óleos das folhas fossem os mesmos monoterpenos para ambas as variedades, alfa-pineno, beta-pineno e 1,8-cineol, a variedade com frutos roxos acumulou maior quantidade de sesquiterpenos oxigenados (33,9% do que aquela com frutos amarelos (3,8%. As diferenças principais ocorreram nos frutos roxos que apresentaram como componente principal o óxido de cariofileno

  15. OS BRASILEIROS E O BRASIL DE AQUILINO: O MINEIRO CARIOCA E OS OUTROS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Topa (Univ. Porto

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available O artigo estuda a representação do brasileiro – o português que emigrou para o Brasil e regressa rico à terra natal – e do Brasil na obra de um dos grandes romancistas portugueses, Aquilino Ribeiro (1885-1963, mostrando como estamos já longe do estereótipo caricatural promovido por Camilo Castelo Branco e outros autores oitocentistas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aquilino Ribeiro; brasileiro de torna-viagem; Brasil Abstract The article analyzes the representation of the brasileiro – the Portuguese who emigrated to Brazil and rich returns to his homeland – and Brazil in the work of one of the great Portuguese novelists, Aquilino Ribeiro (1885-1963, showing how we are past the cartoonish stereotype promoted by Camilo Castelo Branco and other nineteenth-century authors.KEYWORDS: Aquilino Ribeiro; brasileiro; Brazil

  16. Caminhos comoventes: Concretismo, neoconcretismo e arte contemporânea no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Otavio Leonidio

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available O artigo problematiza os nexos existentes entre modernismo, concretismo, neoconcretismo e arte contemporânea no Brasil, abordados aqui a partir da análise de uma obra específica – a performance Symbebeko, da artista Juliana Notari, ocorrida em março de 2011 no vão-livre do Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro/MAM. Defende-se a tese de que, em contraste com narrativas mais ou menos canônicas, a passagem do moderno ao contemporâneo é marcada, no Brasil, por compromissos e contradições inusitadas e por vezes surpreendentes.

  17. Reis do Congo no Brasil, séculos XVIII e XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina de Mello e Souza

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo busca explicar a presença de reinados negros, depois chamados de congadas, em quase todas as regiões do Brasil que receberam escravos africanos, do século XVI ao XIX. O enfoque adotado abarca Portugal, África Central e Brasil como partes integrantes de um mesmo sistema econômico, social e cultural, tecido em torno do Atlântico. A esfera da cultura e as relações de poder são os centros focais da análise, que se preocupa acima de tudo com a formação de identidades.

  18. Blaise Cendrars e o Brasil: "Brésil, des hommes sont venus"

    OpenAIRE

    Wimmer, Norma [UNESP

    2013-01-01

    The paper intitled Blaise Cendrars and Brazil: Brésil, des hommes sont venus discusses the way Cendrars portrays Brazil, and also debates his influence on the artists of the Semana de Arte Moderna (Modern Art Week) in 1922. O texto intitulado Blaise Cendrars e o Brasil: Brésil, des hommes sont venus tece considerações acerca da perspectiva sob a qual Cendrars vê o Brasil, bem como de sua relação com os artistas da Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922.

  19. Diptera, Muscidae, Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder: Primeiro Registro para o Nordeste do Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Thayana Monteiro; Freddy Ruben Bravo

    2011-01-01

    Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder, é um Muscidae com registros para a Colômbia e Brasil (regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste). Em um levantamento de dípteros saprófagos na cidade de Feira de Santana no estado da Bahia com iscas de origem orgânico animal em putrefação, foram coletados 46 espécimes de C. maculosa. Esse é o primeiro registro da espécie para a Bahia e Nordeste do Brasil. Apesar de C. maculosa ter sido encontrada...

  20. Empolgação com Copa freia protestos nas redes sociais no Brasil e no mundo

    OpenAIRE

    Zarko, Raphael

    2014-01-01

    Depois da Copa das Confederações de 2013 serem marcadas pelas manifestações contrárias à realização e gastos excessivos para o Mundial do Brasil – tanto nas ruas quanto na internet -, a impressão de que houve uma queda nos protestos da Copa do Mundo do Brasil se confirma com uma ampla pesquisa nas redes sociais. Em monitoramento de mais de 11 milhões de mensagens de Twitter no Brasil e no mundo, o número de menções a protestos é de apenas 17 mil – percentualmente, significa dizer que apenas 0...

  1. BRASIL BAJO INFLUENCIA NAPOLEÓNICA Y FRANCESA: LOS MENSAJEROS DE LA INDEPENDENCIA: MILITARES, LIBREROS Y PERIODISTAS

    OpenAIRE

    PUIGMAL, PATRICK

    2013-01-01

    La historiografía clásica presenta la independencia de Brasil como un evento particular, generalmente aislado del acontecer continental y sin hacer referencia a la influencia militar y política napoleónica. Este artículo tiene como propósito principal entender la emancipación brasileña en un contexto mucho más amplio y demostrar la amplia presencia e influencia napoleónica en el marco de la lucha militar y de la construcción del Estado nuevo, permitiendo así integrar a Brasil en un movimiento...

  2. Para quem ler?: os números do analfabetismo no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paloma Cristina de Souza

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo traz um compilado de dados estatísticos sobre o analfabetismo no Brasil, possíveis causas e justificativas, e sua relação com outros aspectos socioeconômicos do país. Com base na observação e análise dos números fornecidos pelo Governo Federal, por meio do IBGE (PNAD e Censo 2010, procuramos demonstrar a influência das políticas públicas nos dados e, sobretudo de que forma esses números refletem (se é que refletem a realidade do país. Palavras-chave: analfabetismo estatísticas; Brasil; regiões; políticas públicas.

  3. À PARTE - Pensamento Autoritário e Modernidade no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silene de Moraes Freire

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available

    O presente artigo analisa a vinculação do pensamento autoritário ao
    projeto político do capital industrial no Brasil entre os anos 1930 e 1940, por
    meio de estudo de trabalhos representativos da época e de outras pesquisas e
    ensaios sobre o tema. A conclusão central é sobre a forma instrumental desse
    pensamento político para a legitimação de uma modernização de tipo conservadora
    caminho da modernização capitalista brasileira.
    Palavras-chave: Pensamento Político Autoritário; Brasil; Revolução Burguesa.

  4. Desviación positiva y responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE. La experiencia de Ethos en Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alam Aguilar-Platas

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo de investigación analiza la fundación y la expansión del Instituto Ethos, una organización sin ánimo de lucro que ha contribuido a crear y desarrollar la infraestructura necesaria para fomentar la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE en Brasil. Entre 1998 y 2008, el Instituto Ethos reunió a más de 1200 pequeñas, medianas y grandes empresas con el fin de ayudarles a administrar sus negocios de una manera socialmente responsable en Brasil. Estas empresas en la actualidad representan aproximadamente un 35% del PIB en Brasil y emplean alrededor de 2 millones de personas. Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que Ethos ha logrado difundir la RSE aplicando una perspectiva basada en el uso de la desviación positiva en el mundo de los negocios en Brasil. El artículo contribuye a los debates sobre RSE a partir de la identificación de un mecanismo de difusión de la RSE utilizando un modelo de desviación positiva.

  5. nos anos 40 e 50 no Brasil, no século XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatiana de Oliveira Gomes

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Estudio de cuño histórico–social, tiene como objeto: las luchas de las enfermeras católicas por mejores posiciones en el campo de la educación y de la práctica de enfermería en el Brasil. Tuvo como objetivos; describir las circunstancias que llevaron a las enfermeras católicas a organizarse políticamente; analizar la creación de la Unión Católica de las Enfermeras del Brasil como una estrategia de lucha de las enfermeras católicas y, comentar la importancia de la Unión para el realineamiento del campo de la educación y de la práctica de la enfermería en el Brasil. Fuentes primarias; los documentos escritos y testimonios orales. Se utilizaron como fuentes secundaras; libros, artículos, disertaciones y tesis que tratan sobre el tema. La Unión fue creada con la finalidad de congregar en una única asociación de clase, enfermeras-religiosas y enfermeras católicas laicas. Así contribuyó para asegurar el fortalecimiento de la enfermería de carácter católico en el campo de la educación y de la práctica, lo que instituyó un nuevo modelo de enfermería en la sociedad brasileña.

  6. [Design and implementation of the ELSA-Brasil biobank: a prospective study in a Brazilian population].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pereira, Alexandre C; Bensenor, Isabela M; Fedeli, Ligia M; Castilhos, Cristina; Vidigal, Pedro G; Maniero, Viviane; Leite, Claudia M; Pimentel, Robercia A; Duncan, Bruce B; Mill, Jose Geraldo; Lotufo, Paulo A

    2013-06-01

    The Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a multicenter prospective cohort of civil servants designed to assess the determinants of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The present article describes the main design and implementation points of the ELSA-Brasil biobank project. Economic, political, logistical and technological aspects of this study are characterized. Additionally, it discusses the final biorepository protocol and the facilities implemented to achieve this objective. The design and implementation process of the ELSA-Brasil biobank took three years to be performed. Both the central and local biobanks were built according to the best biorepository techniques, using different technological solutions for the distinct needs expected in this study.

  7. Intenções versus desempenho: o Brasil na política externa portuguesa (1976-2007

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Sofia Fonseca

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Partindo dos eixos orientadores da política externa portuguesa no pós-25 de Abril de 1974, o artigo visa compreender o enquadramento do Brasil nas opções da política externa portuguesa, centrando-se na análise dos programas dos Governos Constitucionais, nas visitas oficiais, no investimento português no Brasil e na influência da imigração brasileira na política externa. Pretendemos mostrar que, apesar das alterações exigidas pela democratização portuguesa, a relação com o Brasil subsistiu embora tenha prevalecido a retórica e o simbolismo sobre as concretizações práticas.

  8. Temporal variation in the biomass and nutrient status of Azolla filiculoides Lam. (Salviniaceae in a small shallow dystrophic lake Variação temporal de biomassa e estado nutricional de Azolla filiculoides Lam (Salviniaceae em um pequeno lago raso distrófico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudio Rossano Trindade Trindade

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available AIM: This study determined the temporal variation of the biomass and the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Azolla filiculoides Lam. in a small (0.5 ha shallow dystrophic lake located in the city of Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. METHOD: Sampling was conducted monthly between November 2000 and October 2001. The macrophytes were collected randomly in three replicates with a circular collector 0.3 m in diameter and subsequently washed with tap water and oven-dried at 60 ºC for determination of the dry weight and the nutrient status (i.e., carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Primary productivity was estimated by the variation in biomass among successive samples. RESULTS: A. filiculoides was present in the lake throughout the year and occupied between 50 and 80% of the surface area. The biomass values ranged from 34.2 g DW.m-2, recorded in May (autumn, to 170.9 g DW.m-2 in January (summer. The highest rate of primary productivity was 3.3 g DW.m-2.d-1, observed in June. The concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant ranged between 403 and 551 g.kg-1, 13.4 and 25.7 g.kg-1 and 0.5 and 1.9 g.kg-1, respectively. The water N:P ratio ranged between 19:1 and 368:1. CONCLUSION: The coverage of the surface of the lake by A. filiculoides throughout the study period and the nutritional status of the plant demonstrate the importance of the cycling of nutrients by macrophytes in this aquatic environment. The higher N:P ratio in the water column, compared with other neighboring environments without macrophytes, shows that the enrichment of the lake may result from the biological N-fixation activity produced by A. filiculoides.OBJETIVO: Este estudo determinou a variação temporal da biomassa e as concentrações de carbono, nitrogênio e fósforo de Azolla filiculoides Lam., em um pequeno lago raso distrófico situado no município do Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. MÉTODO: As amostragens foram realizadas

  9. Automated Detection of Healthy and Diseased Aortae from Images Obtained by Contrast-Enhanced CT Scan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael Gayhart

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose. We developed the next stage of our computer assisted diagnosis (CAD system to aid radiologists in evaluating CT images for aortic disease by removing innocuous images and highlighting signs of aortic disease. Materials and Methods. Segmented data of patient’s contrast-enhanced CT scan was analyzed for aortic dissection and penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU. Aortic dissection was detected by checking for an abnormal shape of the aorta using edge oriented methods. PAU was recognized through abnormally high intensities with interest point operators. Results. The aortic dissection detection process had a sensitivity of 0.8218 and a specificity of 0.9907. The PAU detection process scored a sensitivity of 0.7587 and a specificity of 0.9700. Conclusion. The aortic dissection detection process and the PAU detection process were successful in removing innocuous images, but additional methods are necessary for improving recognition of images with aortic disease.

  10. Historiografía didáctica brasileñaen el siglo XIX: Joaquim Manuel de Macedo y sus Lecciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Squinelo

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El Proceso de Independencia brasileño ocurrido en 1822 ha impuesto a la intelectualidad de la Nación recién Formada la Necesidad de Pensar y Construir su Historia Relación pecado con los designios de Portugal. Dos Espacios concibieron e irradiaron los Conocimientos Acerca de la Historia brasileña: el Colegio de Pedro II (1837 y el Instituto Histórico y Geográfico Brasileño (1838. En ESE contexto Joaquim Manuel de Macedo escribio la obra Lições de Historia do Brasil (1861 Presentando ONU Método para Enseñar y estudiar la Historia Nacional. Propongo En Esta Reflexión ONU Diálogo con la historiografía didáctica brasileña en el siglo XIX desde la Obra Lições de Macedo y Tomando Como directriz los Contenidos Relacionados a la Guerra del Paraguay.

  11. ESTUDOS ESTILÍSTICOS NO BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo Falcão Uchôa

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo objetiva mostrar os inícios e a progressão dos estudos estilísticos no Brasil. Após uma introdução sobre o surgimento, na Europa, da Estilística como disciplina de pesquisa no campo da linguagem, detém-se, sucessivamente, nas contribuições de filólogos, linguistas, teóricos da literatura e gramáticos para o estudo dos mais variados recursos estilísticos ocorrentes sobretudo em autores brasileiros.

  12. RACISMO CIENTÍFICO NO BRASIL PÓS-ESCRAVATURA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    RAQUEL AMORIM DOS SANTOS

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo analisa a difusão do racismo cientifico no Brasil, reconhecendo seu caráter estrutural. Reconhecê-lo desta forma significa perceber que Cor, raça e preconceito no Brasil compõe o plexo de concepções para o enfrentamento das questões raciais e de seus desdobramentos nocivos na formação de crianças e adolescentes, por meio da construção de uma nova forma de se pensar a formação da nação e da nacionalidade. O estudo é de abordagem qualitativa com aplicação da pesquisa bibliográfica com base em Skidmore (2012, Schwarcz (1993, Guimarães (1999, Ianni (1962, 1978, Hasenbalg (2005, Munanga (2004, Hofbauer (2006, Costa (2006, entre outros. A análise aponta que o mestiço era admitido como elemento transitório que levaria a constituição de uma nação de brancos.

  13. Risco crescente de melanoma de pele no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guinar Azevedo e Silva Mendonça

    1992-08-01

    Full Text Available A ocorrência de melonoma maligno de pele no Brasil é analisada a partir dos dados de mortalidade disponíveis no Ministério da Saúde e dos dados de incidência dos seis Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional, localizados em seis capitais brasileiras. Os coeficientes de incidência nessas capitais situam-se em padrões intermediários se comparadas às cifras mundiais. Para o Município de Porto Alegre, uma das capitais estudas, que apresentou os maiores coeficientes de incidência, é feita comparação entre os dados relativos ao período 1979-1982 e 1987, constatando-se que houve aumento relativo de 38% entre homens e de 11% entre mulheres. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de se conduzir estudos no Brasil entre comunidades de indivíduos de pele clara, os quais apresentam risco potencializado para o desenvolvimento de melanoma, para que sejam definidas medidas específicas e eficazes de controle.

  14. An overview of the LAM-MC-ICP MS national facility: prospects and priorities. PD-3-1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bhaskar Rao, Y.J.; Vijaya Gopal, B.; Babu, E.V.S.S.K.; Sukumaran, N.P.; Sreenivas, B.; Vijaya Kumar, T.; Krishna, K.V.S.S.; Tomson, J.K.

    2007-01-01

    Unraveling the complex history of earth and other planetary bodies is a fundamental challenge to all earth scientists. Trace element distributions and isotopic variations in terrestrial rocks and minerals, materials from the Moon, and other inaccessible parts of the Universe as represented in meteorites hold the key to understanding many planetary and earth processes. At the same time, high precision isotopic data on samples of the Earth's hydrosphere and biosphere are important to understanding Man's habitat and environment. The fact that these natural processes operate on a range of scales in space and time necessitates isotopic composition measurements of many responsive and geochemically distinct trace elements including several naturally radioactive parent and radiogenic daughter isotope systems with half-lives between 10 3 -10 15 years and isotopes of many non-radiogenic (stable) elements as well. This article forms a brief introduction to the instrumentation, capabilities and some current priority projects of the Laser Ablation Microprobe (LAM)-Multicollector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (MC-ICP MS) National Facility

  15. Disentangling the origins of cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roullier, Caroline; Duputié, Anne; Wennekes, Paul; Benoit, Laure; Fernández Bringas, Víctor Manuel; Rossel, Genoveva; Tay, David; McKey, Doyle; Lebot, Vincent

    2013-01-01

    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Convolvulaceae) counts among the most widely cultivated staple crops worldwide, yet the origins of its domestication remain unclear. This hexaploid species could have had either an autopolyploid origin, from the diploid I. trifida, or an allopolyploid origin, involving genomes of I. trifida and I. triloba. We generated molecular genetic data for a broad sample of cultivated sweet potatoes and its diploid and polyploid wild relatives, for noncoding chloroplast and nuclear ITS sequences, and nuclear SSRs. Our data did not support an allopolyploid origin for I. batatas, nor any contribution of I. triloba in the genome of domesticated sweet potato. I. trifida and I. batatas are closely related although they do not share haplotypes. Our data support an autopolyploid origin of sweet potato from the ancestor it shares with I. trifida, which might be similar to currently observed tetraploid wild Ipomoea accessions. Two I. batatas chloroplast lineages were identified. They show more divergence with each other than either does with I. trifida. We thus propose that cultivated I. batatas have multiple origins, and evolved from at least two distinct autopolyploidization events in polymorphic wild populations of a single progenitor species. Secondary contact between sweet potatoes domesticated in Central America and in South America, from differentiated wild I. batatas populations, would have led to the introgression of chloroplast haplotypes of each lineage into nuclear backgrounds of the other, and to a reduced divergence between nuclear gene pools as compared with chloroplast haplotypes.

  16. Avaliação do uso de pomada à base de sementes de jaqueira (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam na terapêutica tópica de feridas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. N.L. Vitorino Filho

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available As propriedades cicatrizantes da jaqueira (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam são atribuídas a uma proteína encontrada na semente de sua fruta que, em casos de queimaduras de pele, proporciona a regeneração do tecido danificado em vez da substituição por tecido conjuntivo fibroso. Objetivando avaliar macro e microscopicamente o efeito da pomada formulada com o pó obtido a partir de sementes de jaca na cicatrização, por segunda intenção, de feridas cutâneas em camundongos, limpas e infectadas experimentalmente por Staphylococcus aureus, realizou-se o estudo em 96 camundongos nos quais foram feitas feridas experimentais na região dorso-lateral. Cada grupo, com 12 animais, recebeu um tipo de tratamento. O grupo GI serviu como controle para feridas limpas, o grupo GII foi o controle para feridas infectadas e os demais foram tratados topicamente com pomada à base de semente de jaca em diferentes esquemas de administração. Os animais foram avaliados diariamente e sacrificados cinco, 10 e 13 dias após a cirurgia, sendo removido o tecido cicatricial e circunjacente para avaliação histológica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os tratamentos. Palavras-chave: camundongos; cicatrização; feridas; jaca; Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam; lectina.

  17. Combatendo o racismo: Brasil, África do Sul e Estados Unidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guimarães Antonio Sérgio Alfredo

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available O autor identifica o que se pode chamar hoje de "racismo", tomando como referência empírica o debate político e intelectual corrente na África do Sul, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Com base neste debate, sugere uma agenda internacional mínima de combate ao racismo. O texto é estruturado sob a forma de notas. A primeira nota demarca um terreno axiológico comum ao anti-racismo; a segunda esclarece o significado do termo "racismo"; a terceira procura situar sociologicamente o racismo nos três países tomados como referência, fazendo um esforço para situar a relação entre a definição dos direitos da cidadania e a definição da nacionalidade; a quarta explora os tipos de mecanismos que produzem e reproduzem desigualdades sociais relevantes na distribuição de recursos e honra sociais; a quinta define melhor a especificidade do racismo no Brasil, enquanto a sexta, a sétima e a oitava notas discutem o movimento anti-racista hoje em dia no Brasil, Estados Unidos e África do Sul, respectivamente.

  18. CABOTAGEM UMA ALTERNATIVA ECONÔMICA DE TRANSPORTE EFICAZ PARA O BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandra Machado Gonçalves

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta o panorama atual do transporte marítimo por Cabotagem no Brasil. Fez-se um breve descritivo do contexto em que se situa a Cabotagem no segmento do transporte marítimo no Brasil destacando suas vantagens, avaliando as condições para sua viabilidade, apontando os principais entraves e reformas necessárias para o desenvolvimento do setor portuário Destacou-se as políticas de estímulo ao transporte aquaviário e de infra-estrutura que estão sendo implantadas assim como as medidas implementadas para minimizar as limitações a Cabotagem e sugeridas novas medidas. Foi enfatizada a vocação marítima do Brasil, o cenário atual da economia que favorecem o crescimento da Cabotagem, o crescimento do transporte multimodal e principalmente a mobilização de portos e armadores para mostrar a via marítima como diferencial competitivo e vantagens comerciais assim como de que forma o crescimento da navegação de Cabotagem poderá contribuir para a mudança da Matriz de Transporte Brasileira. .

  19. Mortalidade por acidentes de motocicleta no Brasil: analise de tendencia temporal, 1996-2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Evandro Tostes Martins

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por acidentes de motocicleta no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo descritivo de séries temporais sobre a taxa de mortalidade de acidentes de motocicleta no Brasil, segundo unidades federativas e faixas etárias entre 1996 e 2009. Os dados de óbitos foram obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde e da população no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística. Taxas de mortalidade padronizadas foram calculadas no período para o Brasil como um todo e Unidades Federativas. Variações anuais das taxas de mortalidade foram estimadas pelo método de Prais-Winsten de regressão linear. RESULTADOS A taxa de mortalidade por acidentes de motocicleta aumentou de 0,5 para 4,5/100.000 habitantes de 1996 a 2009 (aumento de 800% no período e 19% ao ano. Estados com maiores taxas em 2009 foram: Piauí, Tocantins, Sergipe e Mato Grosso. As maiores taxas de crescimento foram observadas nos Estados das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. CONCLUSÕES Houve grande aumento das taxas de mortalidade por acidente de motocicleta em todo o Brasil no período, principalmente nos Estados do Nordeste.

  20. Formação da comunidade científica de enfermagem no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliane Brandão Salles

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio del proceso de ciencia de la enfermería brasileña que abarca la formación de grupos generacionales portadores del habitus científico y la construcción del campo científico de la enfermería. Tuvo por objetivos caracterizar las generaciones de enfermeras investigadoras en Brasil y discutir la dinámica del campo científico de enfermería. Referencia teórico: concepto de generación de Karl Mannhein y Sirinelli, del habitus y de campo, de Pierre Bourdieu.. Investigacion com abordaje socio-historico. Como resultados se clasificaron cinco generaciones de enfermeras investigadoras brasileñas: las "pioneras", de los años 50; las "autodidactas", de los años 60; las "académicas", de los años 70 y 80; la generación de la "producción sistemática y colectiva", iniciada en la media de los años 80/90; la generación de las "investigadoras con producción científica internacional", surgida en mediados de la década de 90. Se concluyó que el proceso de ciencia ocurrió según las características generacionales de la comunidad científica y las luchas simbólicas ocurridas en el campo de la enfermería brasileña.

  1. La emoción, la sociedad y la cultura en la sociabilidad urbana brasileña

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jainara Gomes de Oliveira

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Esta reseña analiza el libro "Da Subjetividades às Emoções", publicado en Brasil en 2015 y organizado por investigadores Mauro Guilherme Pinheiro Koury y Raoni Borges. El libro, en este sentido, explora el lugar de las emociones como el objeto de análisis de las ciencias sociales, en particular la antropología y la sociología de las emociones en Brasil, a partir de una lectura de las principales obras de dos intelectuales, a saber, Gilberto Velho y Mauro Koury, pioneros en el proceso de construcción de estos campos emergentes de estudios en la academia brasileña. 

  2. [ELSA-Brasil strategies for outcome identification, investigation and ascertainment].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barreto, Sandhi Maria; Ladeira, Roberto Marini; Bastos, Maria do Socorro Castelo Branco de Oliveira; Diniz, Maria de Fátima Haueisen Sander; Jesus, Elcimara Amorim de; Kelles, Silvana Márcia Bruschi; Luft, Vivian Cristine; Melo, Enirtes Caetano Prates; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo de

    2013-06-01

    The article describes the strategies adopted by the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) for participation and retention of subjects. This is key to ensure internal validity of longitudinal studies, and to identify, investigate, and ascertain outcomes of interest. The follow-up strategies include annual telephone contacts with new assessments and interviews every three to four years this approach aims to identify transient outcomes (reversible or not), permanent outcomes as well as complications related to the progression of major diseases--cardiovascular diseases and diabetes--to be studied. Telephone interviews are designed to monitor subjects' health status and to identify potential health-related events such as hospital admissions, medical visits or pre-selected medical procedures. Subjects are also encouraged to report to the ELSA-Brasil team any new health-related events. When a potential event is identified, a thorough investigation is carried out to collect relevant information about that event from medical records. All data are blinded and reviewed and analyzed by a medical expert committee. Incident outcome ascertainment follows well-established international criteria to ensure data comparability and avoid misclassification. In addition to these strategies, the occurrence of health-related events is also investigated through linkage of secondary databases, such as national mortality and hospital admission databases. Accurate identification of outcomes will allow to estimating their incidence in the study cohort and to investigate the effect of the exposures studied in the ELSA-Brasil at baseline and at its subsequent waves.

  3. Quantification of Quercetin Obtained from Allium cepa Lam. Leaves and its Effects on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Neuropathy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dureshahwar, Khan; Mubashir, Mohammed; Une, Hemant Devidas

    2017-01-01

    Antioxidant potential has protective effects in diabetic neuropathy (DN); hence, the present study was designed with an objective to quantify quercetin from shade-dried leaves of Allium cepa Lam. and to study its effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced chronic DN. The shade-dried leaves of A. cepa Lam. were extracted with methanol and then fractionated using ethyl acetate (ACEA). The quantification of quercetin in ACEA was evaluated by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The STZ (40 mg/kg) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats (180-250 g) maintained at normal housing conditions. The STZ was administered once a day for 3 consecutive days. The elevation in blood glucose was monitored for 3 weeks periodically using flavin adenine dinucleotide-glucose dehydrogenase method by Contour TS glucometer. Rats showing blood glucose above 250 mg/dl were selected for the study. Animals were divided into eight groups. ACEA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), quercetin (40 mg/kg), metformin (120 mg/kg), and gabapentin (100 mg/kg) were given orally once a day for 2 weeks. The blood glucose level was again measured at the end of treatment to assess DN. Thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, motor incoordination, and neurotoxicity were studied initially and at the end of 2-week treatment. Biochemical parameters were also evaluated after 2-week drug treatment. The quercetin present in ACEA was 4.82% by HPTLC. All the ACEA treatment reduces blood glucose level at the end of the 2-week study and shows a significant neuroprotective effect in STZ-induced DN in the above experimental models. The quercetin present in ACEA proved protective effect in STZ-induced DN. High-performance thin layer chromatography reveals the presence of 4.82% quercetin in Allium cepa ethyl acetate. (ACEA). Its investigation against various diabetic neuropathy biomarkers has proved that ACEA has significant blood glucose reducing action shown neuroprotective action in thermal hyperalgesia, motor

  4. Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer of the Abdominal Aorta Involving the Celiac Trunk Origin and Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusion: Endovascular Treatment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferro, Carlo; Rossi, Umberto G.; Petrocelli, Francesco; Seitun, Sara; Robaldo, Alessandro; Mazzei, Raffaele

    2011-01-01

    We describe a case of endovascular treatment in a 64-year-old woman affected by a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) of the abdominal aorta with a 26-mm pseudoaneurysm involving the celiac trunk (CT) origin and with superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion in the first 30 mm. The patient underwent stenting to treat the SMA occlusion and subsequent deployment of a custom-designed fenestrated endovascular stent-graft to treat the PAU involving the CT origin. Follow-up at 6 months after device placement demonstrated no complications, and there was complete thrombosis of the PAU and patency of the two branch vessels.

  5. Brasil alfabetizado e misión robinson : um estudo comparativo acerca das políticas de alfabetização no Brasil e na Venezuela – 2003-2013

    OpenAIRE

    Jaira Coelho Moraes

    2015-01-01

    Esta pesquisa é um estudo comparado entre dois programas de alfabetização de jovens e adultos que tiveram início no ano de 2003: o PBA – Programa Brasil Alfabetizado, desenvolvido no Brasil, e a Misión Robinson, na Venezuela. A análise destas políticas nos dois países em relação ao momento particular do capitalismo é objetivo principal, e em específico, buscou-se conhecer como se formam os alfabetizadores. O tema aborda a questão do alfabetismo/analfabetismo como um dos problemas sociais que ...

  6. Applicability of Moringa oleifera Lam. pie as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from waters Aplicabilidade da torta de Moringa oleifera Lam. como adsorvente para remoção de metais pesados de águas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Affonso C. Gonçalves Junior

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available This study evaluated the efficacy of moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera Lam. as an adsorbent material for removing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and chromium from contaminated solutions. The effect of the adsorbent mass was investigated at two pH conditions (5.0 and 7.0. The optimized conditions were 0.300 g of adsorbent at pH 5.0, used for the isotherms construction, and linearized according to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results showed that cadmium adsorption was similar in both the models used. For lead, the Freundlich model had the best adjustment and chromium was better adjusted by the Langmuir model. It was concluded that the adsorbent was effective in the remediation of solutions containing cadmium, lead and chromium, thus, its use as sustainable alternative material is feasible, since it has low cost, does not need a previous treatment and it is a byproduct.Este estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia do uso da torta de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam. como material adsorvente dos metais pesados tóxicos cádmio (Cd, chumbo (Pb e cromo (Cr de soluções contaminadas. Nos testes cinéticos foram variadas as massas do adsorvente em duas condições de pH (5,0 e 7,0. As condições otimizadas foram pH 5,0 e massa de 0.300 g de adsorvente, utilizados para a construção das isotermas e linearizadas conforme os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Realizou-se a determinação dos metais por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Os resultados mostraram que houve semelhança em ambos os modelos utilizados para a adsorção do Cd. Para o Pb, o modelo de Freundlich apresentou o melhor ajuste e, para o Cr, houve melhor ajuste pelo modelo de Langmuir. Conclui-se, com base nos resultados obtidos, que o adsorvente foi eficaz na remediação de soluções contendo Cd, Pb e Cr e, assim, é viável a utilização desse adsorvente como material alternativo sustentável, pois apresenta baixo custo, não necessita de tratamento prévio e se trata de

  7. Esporte e TV pública no Brasil: a TV Brasil, a audiência e as transmissões do campeonato brasileiro de futebol da série C

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Priscila Eugênia Trevisan Cestari

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available A TV Brasil é uma emissora pública que pertence à Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC. Foi criada para implantar o Sistema Público de Comunicação no país. Desde 2013 a emissora transmite partidas do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol da Série C. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, à luz de conceitos como audiência, cultura de mídia e valor-notícia, se a emissora cumpre, através do esporte, o papel para o qual foi criada. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, com a análise de documentos internos da emissora e a realização de entrevistas. O estudo pretende contribuir com reflexões a respeito dos processos existentes entre a gestão do esporte e a comunicação pública no Brasil. Assim, procuramos verificar se a emissora cumpre sua missão de formação e fortalecimento da cidadania e da identidade nacional ou se é apenas regida, em seu relacionamento com o esporte, pela ótica comercial da audiência.

  8. A politica nuclear da Argentina e do Brasil : Desenvolvimento, nao-proliferacao e democratizacao

    OpenAIRE

    澤田, 眞治

    1994-01-01

    Este artigo e uma tentativa de analisar o desenvolvimento da politica da energia nuclear da Argentina e do Brasil, com relacao ao regime internacional de naoproliferacao das armas nucleares. Dado o fato de que ambos os paises da America do Sul recusaram a assinatura do TNP(Tratad0 sobre Nao-Proliferacao das Armas Nucleares), em razao do carater discriminatorio de inspecao, a Argentina e o Brasil estavam sendo considerado os estados duvidossos que potencialmente teriam a bomba atomica. A despe...

  9. POLÍTICAS Y SUJETOS DEL SIDA en Brasil y Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Ernesto Abadía-Barrero

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available BASADO EN DATOS HISTÓRICOS Y DE INVESTIGACIONES ETNOGRÁFICAS, Y EN UNA SERIE de entrevistas a profundidad, este artículo analiza las respuestas exitosas de Brasil y muy deficientes de Colombia frente a la epidemia del sida, y propone vínculos entre estas respuestas, los sujetos que las han liderado y las reformas en salud en marcha en los dos países. Los datos sugieren que existe retroalimentación entre las políticas en salud, las respuestas frente al sida y lo que piensan los actores involucrados en los procesos, y que ésta se relaciona con el momento histórico de ideologías de izquierda en Brasil y de derecha en Colombia.

  10. Políticas migratórias no Brasil, abrindo espaço para a polifonia

    OpenAIRE

    Santos, Sandro M. Almeida

    2015-01-01

    O seguinte texto trata sobre as políticas migratórias no Brasil. Abordando sobre a discussão dos desafios impostos pelo crescimento da imigração no país que ocorreu no seminário “Migração Laboral no Brasil: desafios para construção de políticas”.

  11. Brasil Mulher e Nós Mulheres: origens da imprensa feminista brasileira Brasil Mulher e Nós Mulheres: origins of the feminist press in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosalina de Santa Cruz Leite

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a imprensa feminista alternativa que surgiu no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, na segunda metade dos anos 1970. Essa imprensa se tornou um espaço de expressão de uma linha política intimamente vinculada ao despertar das mulheres para as idéias feministas do período posterior à luta armada contra a ditadura no Brasil. Os jornais Brasil Mulher e Nós Mulheres retrataram, em seus artigos e editoriais, a luta pela anistia, pelas creches e pelas liberdades democráticas - todos símbolos da oposição contra o regime no período da ditadura militar. Além disso, eles incluíam matérias específicas, tais como violência doméstica, condições de trabalho das mulheres, direitos reprodutivos, aborto e sexualidade. Do ponto de vista do movimento popular e das organizações de mulheres, essa imprensa constitui, sem sombra de dúvida, uma fonte importante e ainda inexplorada para compreender o período considerado.This article presents some reflections about the feminist alternative press that appeared in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the second half of the 70's. The press was a space for expression of a special breed of politics that was closely linked to the awakening of women to feminist ideas in the period after the armed struggle against the Brazilian dictatorship. The journals Brasil Mulher and Nós Mulheres portray, in their articles and editorials, the fight for amnesty, for day nurseries, for democratic freedoms - all symbols of opposition against the regime in the era of military dictatorship. In addition they report on specific matters, such as, domestic violence, women's working-conditions, reproductive rights, abortion and sexuality. From the point of view of the popular movement and the women's organizations, the alternative press of women is without any doubt an important source, and still under-explored, for understanding the period considered.

  12. Etude comparative de la digestibilité in vivo de l'herbe de guinée (Panicum maximum Jacq.) associée aux feuilles et tiges de patate douce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) (régime Panipo) ou à l'herbe de lait (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) (régime Paneuph) chez le lapin (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) et le cobaye (Cavia porcellus L.)

    OpenAIRE

    Kouakou, NGDV.; Kouba, M.; Thys, E.

    2016-01-01

    Digestibility of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) associated with sweet potato leaves and stems (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) (Panipo diet) or poison milk (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) (Paneuph diet) in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) and in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus L.). A comparative study of in vivo digestibility of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) associated with sweet potato leaves and stems (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) (Panipo diet) or with poison milk (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)...

  13. El uso de placebo en ensayos clínicos de fase III en Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Butzge Rubenich

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El Consejo Federal de Medicina de Brasil (CFM –órgano normativo y fiscalizador del ejercicio ético de la medicina– prohibió, en 2008, la participación de médicos brasileños en investigaciones que utilizaran placebo para enfermedades con tratamiento eficaz y efectivo, en contraposición a la Declaración de Helsinki, que permite su uso en condiciones metodológicamente justificadas. Con el objetivo de verificar si la normativa ética del CFM modificó el uso de placebo en ensayos clínicos de fase III en Brasil, se analizaron varias características de sus registros en el ClinicalTrials.gov, en los períodos de 2003 a 2007 y de 2009 a 2013. Se concluye que: a la normativa promulgada por el CFM en 2008 fue ineficaz y prevaleció la posición adoptada por la Declaración de Helsinki; b el patrocinio de ensayos con placebo por parte de la industria farmacéutica multinacional fue significativo; c predominaron las investigaciones de fármacos para enfermedades crónicas, y fueron poco significativas para las enfermedades postergadas, de importancia para Brasil.

  14. El Mercosur como una prioridad de la política exterior brasileña

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam GOMES SARAIVA

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo se presentan los antecedentes, constitución y primeros momentos del proceso de integración emprendido por Brasil, Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay. Desde una perspectiva brasileña, la autora señala de qué manera una historia caracterizada por las tensiones diplomáticas fue convirtiéndose en un presente definido por metas comunes. También analiza los factores externos e internos que impulsaron a Brasil a la estrategia de la integración. Finalmente resume algunos de los avances económicos e institucionales conseguidos a lo largo del proceso y que definen el modelo de inserción de la economía brasileña en la mundial.ABSTRACT: In this article there are displayed the antecedents, constitution and first moments of the process of integration undetaken by Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. From a brazilean perspective, the author specifies the way in which a history of diplomacy tensions ends with common goals. There are also described the external and internal factors which impulsed Brazil into the strategy of integration. Finally, the author resumes some of the economic and institutional advances got during the process which define the model of insertion of brazilean economy in the world market.

  15. Percepción del estrés competitivo y cultura en futbolistas profesionales de Brasil y Portugal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Regina F. Brand\\u00E3o

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar jugadores de fútbol con diferentes perspectivas culturales y similar nivel de experiencia, en la percepción del estrés. Fueron evaluados 18 jugadores Brasileños de la Selección Nacional Brasileña, y 20 jugadores Portugueses de la Selección Nacional Portuguesa, con una media de edad de 26,69 + 4,1 y 26,05 + 2,3 años respectivamente, mediante el Inventario de Estrés en Fútbol. Aparece una tendencia resulta muy marcada, los ítems que son evaluados como positivos por los dos grupos, los Brasileños tienden a evaluarlos significativamente más positivos que los Portugueses y en los evaluados como negativos por las dos nacionalidades, los Brasileños tienden a evaluarlos como más negativos. Quizás más interesante aún resulta la gran cantidad de ítems que son evaluados como influyentes en tendencias totalmente inversas, lo que los Brasileños consideran negativo es considerado por los Portugueses como positivo o neutro. Muy probablemente la variable cultural puede explicar la variabilidad de percepción del estrés.

  16. Identification and analysis of the paulomycin biosynthetic gene cluster and titer improvement of the paulomycins in Streptomyces paulus NRRL 8115.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jine Li

    Full Text Available The paulomycins are a group of glycosylated compounds featuring a unique paulic acid moiety. To locate their biosynthetic gene clusters, the genomes of two paulomycin producers, Streptomyces paulus NRRL 8115 and Streptomyces sp. YN86, were sequenced. The paulomycin biosynthetic gene clusters were defined by comparative analyses of the two genomes together with the genome of the third paulomycin producer Streptomyces albus J1074. Subsequently, the identity of the paulomycin biosynthetic gene cluster was confirmed by inactivation of two genes involved in biosynthesis of the paulomycose branched chain (pau11 and the ring A moiety (pau18 in Streptomyces paulus NRRL 8115. After determining the gene cluster boundaries, a convergent biosynthetic model was proposed for paulomycin based on the deduced functions of the pau genes. Finally, a paulomycin high-producing strain was constructed by expressing an activator-encoding gene (pau13 in S. paulus, setting the stage for future investigations.

  17. Pensamento social, ciência e imagens do Brasil: tradições revisitadas pelos educadores brasileiros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Freitas Cezar de

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa dois momentos decisivos no âmbito da história das idéias no Brasil. Imagens e sínteses do Brasil tornaram-se referências fundamentais na história da cultura brasileira, especialmente aquelas produzidas por uma “tradição realista”, que vem desde o século XIX, por intermédio dos escritos do Visconde do Uruguai, e prossegue com Silvio Romero, com Alberto Torres, com Oliveira Vianna e com Alberto Guerreiro Ramos. Tais autores deram vida à imagem do Brasil cindido em dois brasis: o país legal e o país real. A partir de 1902, o marco fundamental dessa tradição passará a ser Euclides da Cunha, autor que projetou o sertão como “metáfora para a nação”. Nos anos cinqüentas, ao redor de Anísio Teixeira, intelectuais como Antonio Candido, Florestan Fernandes, Luiz Pereira, Fernando de Azevedo e muitos antropólogos mergulharam novamente nas metáforas euclidianas e compuseram novas imagens sobre a cultura regional no Brasil que se modernizava

  18. GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE MORINGA oleifera Lam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naedja Nara Araújo Neves

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available An experiment was carried out at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA, Mossoró - RN, for screening the effect of substrate for germination of seeds and seedling growth of Moringa oleifera Lam. It was utilized a completely randomized design with four treatments (substrates: T1= 75% sand + 25% bovine manure, T2= 100% washed sand, T3= 75% sand + 25% worm castings and T4= 75% sand + 25% sawdust and four replications of 25 seeds. The seeds were sown in the substrates contained in wooden boxes (7,5 cm long x 23,5 cm wide x 39 cm deep. Each box was filled with approximately 6 kg of substrate. The substrates were irrigated once a day (until the tenth day, then twice a day until the end experiment (19 th day. Seedling height, root length, number of leaves, whole seedling fresh and dry matter weights, germination velocity index and germination percent were evaluated. It was concluded that the mix 75% sand + 25% worm castings was the most suitable for the initial growth of moringa and the substrate containing 100% sand provided the best germination index for this species.

  19. Aroma peculiarities of apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. and cherry-plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. flowers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    В. М. Горіна

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available In the component composition of volatile solutions determining fragrance of the flowers in apricot and cherry-plum varieties and Prunus brigantiaca Vill. x Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. hybrids there are 36 highest hydrocarbons and benzaldehyde that prevail. There are fewer amounts of the solutions which scare bees (benzaldehyde in the fragrance of cherry-plum varieties as compared to the flowers of apricot and hybrids. At the same time, the content of tricosane, pentacosane, docosane, heneycosane, eicosane, nonadecan that probably attract bees is higher in the cherry-plum flowers than in the fragrance of apricot and hybrid flowers. The average three years yield of cherry-plum plants (Nikitska Zhovta 10,7 and Salgirskaya Rumjanaya 28,5 t/ ha is higher than for apricot (Recolte de Schatene 0,3; Rodnik 2,9; Ananasniy Tsurupinsky 7,4 t/ha and hybrids (8110 – 5,2; 8098 – 6,4 t/ha that could be explained with better pollination of flowers and better fruit formation. Prevailing components of flower aroma of these plants    and their possible link with yield of the objects in questions have been analyzed.

  20. AS FRONTEIRAS DO NORTE DO BRASIL E O ACESSO AOS DIREITOS SOCIAIS

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, João Carlos Jarochinski; Universidade Federal de Roraima; Jubilut, Liliana Lyra; Universidade Católica de Santos

    2015-01-01

    Fruto das percepções e análises obtidas durante a pesquisa de campo para o projeto “Pensando o Direito: Desafios à efetividade dos direitos fundamentais” – “Mapeamento institucional, normativo e estrutural e análise dos obstáculos para efetivação do atendimento e acesso dos migrantes, apátridas e refugiados aos serviços públicos no Brasil: subsídios para o aperfeiçoamento de políticas públicas” em algumas áreas de fronteira da Região Norte do Brasil, o texto procura refletir sobre a realidade...

  1. Fútbol y violencia en Brasil. Propuesta comunicativa para el estado de Pernambuco

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira de Lima, José Leandro

    2017-01-01

    El presente trabajo tenía como principal objetivo de la investigación, profundizar en la representación mediática de la violencia en el fútbol brasileño, a través de un análisis del contenido de las noticias publicadas en medios digitales de Brasil, entre 2015 y 2016, teniendo así un marco conceptual del análisis del problema y una estrategia de comunicación frente a ello. Este trabajo se completa con la propuesta comunicativa, donde se creó una campaña de publicidad con fines sociales,...

  2. Organização estrutural da casca de Persea major Kopp (Lauraceae Structural organization of Persea major Kopp bark (Lauraceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leila Teresinha Maranho

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de contribuir ao conhecimento da estrutura da casca de Persea major Kopp (Lauraceae, espécie nativa da América do Sul. No Brasil, é conhecida, popularmente, como "pau de andrade" e utilizada na cultura tradicional na cicatrização dos ferimentos. A análise da casca foi feita usando microscopia de óptica. A casca se distingue, principalmente, pelo tipo e distribuição dos tecidos esclerenquimáticos e a presença de células oleíferas e mucilaginosas. As características encontradas na estrutura da casca desta espécie mostram grande importância para a identificação e servem como parâmetros no controle de qualidade. Estas células oleíferas e mucilaginosas com uma distribuição restrita nas dicotiledôneas constituem uma característica taxonômica e diagnóstica particularmente valiosa.The study was undertaken to increase our knowledge of bark structure of Persea major Kopp (Lauraceae, a native specie from South America. In Brazil, it is known as "pau de andrade" and is used by traditional cultures to heal injuries. This analysis was done by light microscopy. The bark is distinguished mainly by the type and distribution of sclerenchymatic tissues, and the presence of oil and mucilage cells. The characteristics found in the bark anatomy of this species are of great importance for identification purposes and as parameters in quality control. These oil and mucilage cells have a restricted distribution in the dicotyledons and constitute a particularly valuable taxonomic and diagnostic feature.

  3. Principais Acervos de Paleontologia do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eloisa Magalhães Pássaro

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho apresenta uma súmula dos principais acervos paleontológicos no Brasil, sem considerar instituições que por ora se encontram fechadas para reforma, com coleções predominantemente didáticas ou acadêmicas e acervos com menos de uma centena de exemplares catalogados. Das trinta instituições listadas, doze deles estão situadas no sudeste (Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Peirópolis, Ouro Preto, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Taubaté e Monte Alto, dez no nordeste (Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Sergipe e Bahia, cinco na região sul (Mafra, Porto Alegre, São Leopoldo e Santa Maria, duas na região norte (Acre e Pará e uma na região centro-oeste. Os maiores acervos de fósseis no Brasil se encontram no Museu de Ciências da Terra do DNPM e no Museu Nacional, ambos no Rio de Janeiro, que reúnem cerca de 260.000 exemplares, ainda que em Aracaju, Sergipe, esteja a terceira maior coleção paleontológica brasileira, com aproximadamente 38.000 fósseis pertencentes à Fundação Paleontológica Phoenix. A maioria dos acervos temáticos está relacionada a fósseis cretáceos, o que é concordante com a abundância de fósseis brasileiros desta idade: no nordeste, os acervos se destacam pelo grande número de invertebrados e peixes, e em Minas Gerais e São Paulo, pelos seus répteis. Outros acervos temáticos encontram-se no Rio Grande do Sul (répteis triássicos, São Paulo (icnofósseis mesozóicos, Santa Catarina (invertebrados paleozoicos, Ceará e Pernambuco (icnofósseis siluro-devonianos e Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais e Acre (megafauna cenozoica. Os museus mais antigos do Brasil com acervos paleontológicos são o Museu Nacional, criado em 1818 no Rio de Janeiro, o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, aberto em 1866 em Belém, e o Museu de Ciência e Técnica da Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto, criado em 1884, todos centenários.

  4. A Constitucionalidade do Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janaina Pontes Cerqueira

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available A escassez de profissionais médicos em determinadas áreas no Brasil é tema que sempre mereceu atenção especial do Estado. O Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil, implementado por meio da Medida Provisória nº 621, de 8 de julho de 2013, autoriza a atuação de médicos estrangeiros sob regime especial de aperfeiçoamento profissional no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, na Atenção Básica, possibilitando a cobertura médica assistencial em  regiões prioritárias e vulneráveis do país, e foi fruto de questionamento judicial junto ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, por meio de ação direta de inconstitucionalidade, que colocou em confronto os limites constitucionais de autorização para essa forma de atuação profissional. O estudo objetivou identificar os argumentos jurídicos utilizados pelos diversos atores que atuaram nas ADINs 5035-DF e 5037-DF, notadamente no que se refere ao Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil, ajuizadas no Supremo Tribunal Federal e analisá-los à luz da Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais de Robert Alexy. Os resultados apontam que o Projeto, na sua estruturação legal, encontra legitimidade na medida em que não se confunde com a abertura de mercado de trabalho, institui regime específico de atuação profissional, com garantias essenciais dos indivíduos, atenta para diretrizes de cooperação internacional em saúde da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS e demonstra eficácia social com a concreta ampliação de acesso da população na cobertura assistencial até que medidas conjunturais e estruturantes da formação médica no Brasil sejam implementadas e alcancem resultados diretos à população usuária do SUS.

  5. Perfil fitoquímico e ensaio microbiológico dos extratos da entrecasca de Maytenus rigida Mart. (Celastraceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Charles S. Estevam

    Full Text Available Maytenus rigida Mart (Celastraceae, conhecida por "Bom-homem", "Bom-nome", "Cabelo-de-negro", "Casca-grossa" e "Pau-de-colher", é uma arvore de pequeno porte. A entrecasca do caule é empregada popularmente no Nordeste do Brasil no tratamento das dores em geral, infecções e inflamações. O presente trabalho avaliou tanto o perfil fitoquímico de M. rigida por meio de um roteiro analítico, quanto à atividade antibiótica dos extratos pelo método de Kirby-Bauer modificado. Os resultados demonstraram que os extratos etanólico, aquoso, clorofórmico, acetato de etila e hidroalcoólico de M. rigida apresentam atividade antibacteriana contra Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus, enquanto que a fração hexânica não exibe qualquer atividade. Catequinas, quinonas, esteróides, triterpenos, saponinas, flavonóides e compostos fenólicos foram detectados na análise fitoquímica.

  6. Cuotas raciales, identidad negra y derechos en el Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gislene Aparecida

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available La implementación de políticas públicas basadas en criterios raciales para el acceso de estudiantes negros a las universidades en el Brasil divide a intelectuales respecto a la viabilidad de esta forma de acción afirmativa. Sin embargo, esta discusión ha considerado muy poco las perspectivas de los propios estudiantes. En este artículo se presentan datos sobre cómo los jóvenes, futuros beneficiarios del actual proyecto de ley, re p resentan la política de cuotas y muestra cómo este tema revela la complejidad de la sociedad brasileña. Se sugiere por lo tanto, que esta cuestión sea abordada desde una perspectiva múltiple que nos permita reflexionar sobre los pro blemas que las sociedades multiculturales presentan a las teorías clásicas del derecho y la justicia.

  7. Estudo farmacobotânico comparativo de folhas de Solanum crinitum Lam., Solanum gomphodes Dunal e Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil., Solanaceae The pharmacobotanical comparative study of leaves of Solanum crinitum Lam., Solanum gomphodes Dunal and Solanum lycocarpum A. St-Hil, (Solanaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nathalia Diniz Araújo

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho realizou-se um estudo farmacobotânico de Solanum crinitum Lam., Solanum gomphodes Dunal e Solanum lycocarpum A. St-Hil, espécies pertencentes à Solanum sect. Crinitum Child, com o objetivo de efetuar morfodiagnoses macroscópicas e microscópicas que possibilitem suas caracterizações. As três espécies são conhecidas popularmente como "jurubeba", fruta-de-lobo" e "lobeira" e usadas na medicina popular contra o diabetes e também para outros fins. Essas espécies compartilham vários caracteres morfológicos, dentre os quais se destacam o hábito arbustivo a arbóreo, o indumento velutino às vezes cerdoso, a corola é pentagonal-estrelada, roxa a púrpura, e o fruto globoso acima de 5 cm de diâmetro. Entretanto, apesar da grande semelhança morfológica entre as espécies estudadas, destacaram-se como parâmetros distintivos: a morfologia do pecíolo, a base do limbo, o indumento da face adaxial, a anatomia do mesofilo, os tipos de estômatos e a morfologia do bordo foliar.In this work, a pharmacobotanical study of Solanum crinitum Lam., S. gomphodes Dunal and S. lycocarpum A. St-Hil., all belonging to the Solanum sect. Crinitum Child. has been realized with the objective of providing a macroscopical and microscopical morphodiagnosis for their characterizations. The three species are commonly named "jurubeba", "fruta-de-lobo" and "lobeira", and they are used in the folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes and others diseases. The three species studied share various morphological characters, like shrub and tree forms, the velutinous abaxial indument, the presence of bristles, the flower with stellate-pentagonal corollas ranging from violet to purple, and the fruit reaching up to 5 cm in diameter. The principal parameters to distinct the three species studied were the morphology of petiole and base of the blade leaf, the indument of adaxial surface, the anatomy of mesophyll, the types of stomata and the leaf margin.

  8. A RESPONSABILIDADE DO BRASIL PELOS CRIMES CONTRA HUMANIDADE: ANÁLISE DO JULGAMENTO «GOMES LUND E OUTROS»

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Carlos Macedo de Pinto Ferreira Júnior

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el juicio del caso conocido como “Guerrilla de Araguaia” y la responsabilidad internacional del Estado brasileño. Brasil había sido declarado culpable de graves violaciones de los derechos humanos, al exigir el cumplimiento de la sen- tencia la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH y el castigo de los culpables. El caso se vuelve relevante en el escenario legal en el mundo, debido que la principal institu- ción de la justicia brasileña, la Corte Suprema de Justicia, celebró una ley constitucional que indultó a todos los acusados de asesinatos de esa guerrilla. Surge, por lo tanto, un conflicto ​​ entre el Tribunal Internacional y la jurisdicción brasileña. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo, la investigación se realizó sobre la base de la jurisprudencia brasileña, la legislación nacional e internacional y las decisiones de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y el Tribunal de Derechos Humanos. El método aplicado fue deductivo y se llegó a la conclusión de que en el citado caso hasta ahora nadie ha sido castigado por los crímenes crueles contra la dignidad humana. Brasil es signatario de varios tratados y transnacionales que buscan una protección eficaz de los derechos humanos. La auto-amnistía a los torturadores y asesinos traerá un enorme des- crédito y, probablemente, nuevos cargos en el ámbito internacional. Palabras clave Derechos Humanos, Jurisdicción Nacional, Tortura, Juzgamiento, Condena, Responsabilidad del Estado brasilero, Guerrilla de Araguaia.

  9. “Nervo deste Reyno” La red europea de agentes de la Companhia Geral de Comércio do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Zamora Rodriguez

    Full Text Available RESUMEN En 1649 fue creada la Companhia Geral de Comércio do Brasil por parte del gobierno portugués bajo los auspicios del rey João IV. La idea primigenia fue la de atraer a los comerciantes y hombres de negocios más activos del momento para que participaran del lucrativo comercio que ofrecía el Atlántico portugués, concretamente las tierras de Brasil. De esta manera, se fomentaría el comercio internacional de Portugal con Brasil utilizando los contactos de muchos cristianos nuevos y sus redes de naturaleza transnacional. Este artículo pretende analizar el funcionamiento de la red europea de la Companhia Geral de Comércio do Brasil así como las competencias, funciones y actividades de sus agentes.

  10. Representatividade do gênero Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valéria Cid Maia

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Vinte e três espécies de Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae são conhecidas, todas como indutoras de galhas. A maioria das espécies é Neotropical, também com distribuição Neártica, Afrotropical e Australasiana. A diversidade do gênero no Brasil é avaliada com base na literatura e dados da coleção de Cecidomyiidae do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. O gênero está representado no Brasil por 23 espécies (18 descritas e 5 não determinadas, o que corresponde a 78% do total de espécies descritas e 95% da fauna neotropical fauna. Estes dados mostram que o gênero é representado no Brasil. A maioria das espécies (78% induz galhas foliares. Gema e caule foram outros órgãos vegetais galhados. As espécies estão associadas a dez famílias botânicas, sendo mais comuns em Burseraceae, Clusiaceae e Fabaceae. A maior parte foi coletada em Mata Atlântica, principalmente em restinga, e o Rio de Janeiro suporta o maior número de espécies registradas. A distribuição geográfica de três espécies é ampliada.

  11. La salud de las mujeres: la experiencia de Brasil: reflexiones y acciones internacionales

    OpenAIRE

    1985-01-01

    Cuando Isis Internacional invitó al Colectivo Feminista Sexualidad y Salud de Sao Paulo a realizar conjuntamente este número de las Ediciones de Isis Internacional, se nos dio total libertad para seleccionar el material que informaría sobre la experiencia brasileña en el área de la salud de la mujer. Eran muchas las opciones y puntos de partida, porque sin duda en Brasil, el movimiento de las mujeres en esta área ha crecido y se ha diversificado bastante en estos últimos cinco años, tal como ...

  12. El tratado secreto del Barón de Río Branco: la alianza entre Brasil y Ecuador, 1904

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Cláudio Villafañe G. Santos

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Es casi desconocida en las historiografías de Brasil y Ecuador la existencia de un tratado militar secreto entre ambos países, rmado el 5 de mayo de 1904, dirigido contra las pretensiones territoriales de Perú. El artículo estudia una creciente tensión entre Brasil y Perú, que disputaban un área de 442 mil kilómetros cuadrados en la Amazonía. Por iniciativa del Barón de Río Branco, se rmó un tratado secreto de alianza militar entre Brasil y Ecuador. Si bien este acuerdo no fue raticado por los países rmantes, fue de suma importancia para forzar al gobierno peruano a iniciar negociaciones con Brasil, que años más tarde resultaron en el tratado de límites entre los dos países.

  13. Pensamiento crítico e inflexión en el pensamiento social brasileño: las políticas de acción afirmativa en Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Alberto Dos Santos Vieira

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Se pretende hacer un acercamiento y analizar las convergencias y tensiones presentes en las relaciones entre los distintos grupos étnicos y raciales en el Brasil contemporáneo. El texto se basó en el análisis del pensamiento de Florestan Fernandes y del Movimiento Negro, así como en los acontecimientos de los años sesenta y setenta, cuya importancia radica en los nuevos abordajes teóricos para los temas de la emancipación, la desigualdad, la diferencia y la democracia. Tales perspec-tivas parecen estar enraizadas en las polémicas que han posibilitado la elaboración de críticas y la inžexión al interior del pensamiento social brasileño.

  14. Brasil, Argentina e América do Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Nogueira Batista Jr.

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available ESTE trabalho discute alguns aspectos da evolução econômica recente do Brasil, da Argentina e de outros países da América do Sul. Tendências econômicas e intelectuais perigosas, tais como a "globalização", o chamado Consenso de Washington, a dolarização e as negociações da Alca (Área de Livre Comércio das Américas, perderam ímpeto e a América do Sul está se movendo gradualmente na direção de um posicionamento mais independente na condução das suas política econômicas e internacionais. As mudanças foram muito mais significativas na Argentina do que no Brasil e isso se tornou fonte de alguma tensão entre os dois principais países sul-americanos. Não obstante, uma aliança estratégica entre Argentina e Brasil continua sendo a pedra angular da integração da América do Sul.THIS PAPER discusses some aspects of the recent economic evolution of Brazil, Argentina and other South American countries. Dangerous economic and intellectual trends, such as "globalization", the so-called Washington Consensus, dollarization, and FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations, have lost momentum and South America is moving gradually towards a more independent stance in the conduct of its economic and foreign policies. Changes have been much more significant in Argentina than in Brazil and this has become a source of some tension between the two major South American countries. Nevertheless, a strategic alliance between Argentina and Brazil remains the corner stone of South American integration.

  15. Esquistossomose no Brasil: ensinar versus educar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Rogério Capello Sousa

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um ensaio sobre a diferença entre ensinar e educar na área da saúde. A partir de alguns casos de esquistossomose em adolescentes de Campinas, assistidos pelo autor no próprio serviço em que desempenha tarefas de docente e assistente na área de Pediatria, discute-se o modo como esta doença vem sendo abordada nos últimos 50 anos, sempre numa perspectiva educacional, isto é, mais complexa e ampla. A partir deste debate, podem-se encaminhar reflexões e críticas sobre o modelo de ensino-assistência na área da saúde no Brasil nas últimas décadas, apesar das novas diretrizes curriculares. Questionam-se as diferenças entre a esquistossomose no Brasil na década de 1960 e no início do século 21, considerando, em cada período, a população, a migração, as condições de vida da população, as terapêuticas, etc. Também se interroga sobre qual tem sido o papel da educação multidisciplinar na mudança deste quadro. Apontam-se algumas direções, para discussão e reflexão, sobre estratégias de ensino na área da saúde.

  16. Effect of the Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of Ziziphora clinopodiodes Lam. on the Against Anopheles Stephensi and Culex pipiens Parva from Iran

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rivi, Mohammadreza Verdian

    2008-01-01

    The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. growing in Iran was analysed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-six components accounting to 97.62% of the total oil were identified. The major components were pulegone (36.45%), piperitenone (19.12%), Menth-2-en-1-ol (5.31%), carvacrol (5.10%) neomenthol (4.78) and menthone (4.46%). The essential oil was tested against Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens larvae. The results obtained show that the essential oil could be considered as natural larvicidal agents. (author)

  17. Disentangling the origins of cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam..

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Roullier

    Full Text Available Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam., Convolvulaceae counts among the most widely cultivated staple crops worldwide, yet the origins of its domestication remain unclear. This hexaploid species could have had either an autopolyploid origin, from the diploid I. trifida, or an allopolyploid origin, involving genomes of I. trifida and I. triloba. We generated molecular genetic data for a broad sample of cultivated sweet potatoes and its diploid and polyploid wild relatives, for noncoding chloroplast and nuclear ITS sequences, and nuclear SSRs. Our data did not support an allopolyploid origin for I. batatas, nor any contribution of I. triloba in the genome of domesticated sweet potato. I. trifida and I. batatas are closely related although they do not share haplotypes. Our data support an autopolyploid origin of sweet potato from the ancestor it shares with I. trifida, which might be similar to currently observed tetraploid wild Ipomoea accessions. Two I. batatas chloroplast lineages were identified. They show more divergence with each other than either does with I. trifida. We thus propose that cultivated I. batatas have multiple origins, and evolved from at least two distinct autopolyploidization events in polymorphic wild populations of a single progenitor species. Secondary contact between sweet potatoes domesticated in Central America and in South America, from differentiated wild I. batatas populations, would have led to the introgression of chloroplast haplotypes of each lineage into nuclear backgrounds of the other, and to a reduced divergence between nuclear gene pools as compared with chloroplast haplotypes.

  18. Biomassa da rebrota de copas de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke em plantios sob sombra parcial em floresta primária Canopy sprouting biomass of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke in an Amazonian terra firme forest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo propõe uma nova metodologia de exploração do pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke em substituição ao método tradicional, predatório, de corte raso. Avaliando-se a biomassa da rebrota de copas (galhos e folhas e de cepas cortadas a 1 m de altura do solo, será possível inferir sobre o manejo de plantios visando maximizar a produção de óleo essencial desta espécie. Os plantios estão localizados na Reserva Florestal Adolph Ducke, Manaus, Brasil. Treze anos após a poda das copas e do corte das árvores a 1 m do solo, o peso seco da rebrota da copa (39,5 kg foi significativamente superior ao peso seco de galhos e folhas das árvores testemunha (23 kg e da rebrota das cepas (13,7 kg, revelando que a poda da copa estimulou maior produtividade de galhos e folhas das árvores do plantio. Como o peso do fuste representou 85,5% da média do peso total das árvores e a produtividade de óleo é diretamente proporcional á biomassa aérea, a exploração atual é predominantemente feita através do corte raso das árvores. A alta capacidade de rebrota da copa e o maior rendimento de óleo a partir de galhos e folhas em relação à madeira, no entanto, indicam que o manejo dos plantios desta espécie poderá ser feito através da poda da copa das árvores, evitando a destruição total das árvores e uma possível extinção da espécie.The aim of this study is to develop a new management technique in rosewood trees (Aniba roseodora Ducke to replace the traditional clear-cut method. The biomass of branches and leaves originated by sprouting is used to estimate oil productivity, focusing on the silvicultural management of this species. The plantation is located at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, Brazil. The biomass of branches and leaves was quantified 13 years after the first pruning. The average dry weight of tree canopy sprouts (39.5 kg was greater than the control (23 kg. That is one indication that the canopy pruning

  19. Mastite em pequenos ruminantes no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Peixoto,Rodolfo de M.; Mota,Rinaldo Aparecido; Costa,Mateus M. da

    2010-01-01

    Este artigo objetivou revisar as informações recentes sobre mastite em pequenos ruminantes, abrangendo etiologia, epidemiologia, aspectos de controle e profilaxia. Houve a preocupação em reunir resultados de estudos desenvolvidos no Brasil, uma vez que a mastite tem a interferência de uma série de fatores, como fatores ambientais e outros decorrentes dos sistemas de manejo empregados, condições essas determinantes para etiologia e epidemiologia da enfermidade. A prevalência da mastite em capr...

  20. Memoria y territorio quilombola en Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Larrea Killinger, Cristina; Ruíz-Peinado, José Luis

    2004-01-01

    El proceso de legalización del territorio qilombola ha abierto un debate político y social que parte del reconocimiento de la deuda histórica que el estado brasileño ha tenido con los descendientes de esclavos. Este nuevo derecho ha potenciado la definición y redefinición de conceptos de identificación de las comunidades mocambeiras, tales como "quilombolas", "comunidades de remanentes quilombolas", "comunidades negras rurales", "terras de pretos", etc. Distintos actores sociales han pa...

  1. Monitoramento do desenvolvimento infantil realizado no Brasil La monitoración del desarrollo infantil realizada en Brasil Monitoring of child development held in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvio Cesar Zeppone

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura científica para verificar como a vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil vem sendo realizada no Brasil. FONTES DE DADOS: Pesquisa em bases de dados (PubMed, Medline, SciELO e Banco de Teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior sobre estudos das práticas médicas em relação à vigilância e ao monitoramento do desenvolvimento infantil no Brasil, de 2000 a 2011. Os termos usados para pesquisa foram: vigilância de desenvolvimento infantil, intervenção precoce, triagem de desenvolvimento e testes de triagem de desenvolvimento. Foram encontrados dez textos referentes ao tema em estudo. Artigos originais, de revisão e teses foram revisados, bem como as listas de referências das publicações sobre o assunto. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os estudos sobre a prática do monitoramento do desenvolvimento infantil no Brasil apontam uma importante falha, desde a formação do médico pediatra até a prática clínica, em relação a este tema. CONCLUSÕES: Há necessidade urgente, principalmente frente a uma população emergente de prematuros, que os pediatras façam uma reciclagem do conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento infantil.OBJETIVO: Revisar la literatura científica para verificar cómo la vigilancia del desarrollo infantil viene siendo realizada en Brasil. FUENTES DE DATOS: Investigación en las bases de datos (Pubmed, Medline, SciELO y Base de Tesis CAPES sobre estudios de las prácticas médicas respecto a la vigilancia y monitoración del desarrollo infantil en Brasil de 2000 a 2011. Los términos usados para la investigación fueron: vigilancia de desarrollo infantil, intervención temprana, screening de desarrollo y pruebas de screening de desarrollo. Se encontraron 10 textos relativos al tema en estudio. Artículos originales, de revisión y tesis fueron revisados, así como las listas de referencias de las publicaciones sobre el tema. SÍNTESIS DE LOS DATOS: Los estudios sobre la pr

  2. O descobrimento do Brasil (1937)

    OpenAIRE

    Jacques, Tatyana de Alencar

    2014-01-01

    Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Florianópolis, 2014. Esta é uma etnografia de Descobrimento do Brasil (1937), de Humberto Mauro, um filme em preto e branco, de uma hora de duração, com poucos diálogos e percorrido de seu início ao fim por música de Villa-Lobos. Organiza-se a partir de dois principais eixos de investigação, quais sejam as técnicas de reprodução constituintes ...

  3. Las manifestaciones sociales en Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Gonçalves Chaves, Mariluci

    2013-01-01

    El país del fútbol se ha convertido en el país de las protestas y manifestaciones. Manifestaciones que han sido pacíficas algunas veces y violenta otras, surgió inicialmente como respuesta a los aumentos en las tarifas de transporte público, con convocatorias a través de redes sociales, obtuvo un fuerte apoyo popular después de la violenta y desproporcionada represión de la policía , convirtiéndose en uno de los mayores movimientos sociales en la historia de Brasil, comparable sólo con los mo...

  4. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf powder on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected adults: a one sequence cross-over study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Monera-Penduka, Tsitsi G; Maponga, Charles C; Wolfe, Alan R; Wiesner, Lubbe; Morse, Gene D; Nhachi, Charles F B

    2017-01-01

    Moringa oleifera Lam., an herb commonly consumed by HIV-infected people on antiretroviral therapy, inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4, 1A2 and 2D6 activity in vitro; and may alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antiretroviral drugs metabolized via the same pathways. However, in vitro drug interaction activity may not translate to a clinically significant effect. Therefore, the effect of moringa leaf powder on the PK of nevirapine in HIV-infected people was investigated. Adult patients at steady-state dosing with nevirapine were admitted for 12-h intensive PK sampling following a 21-day herbal medicine washout. Blood sampling was repeated after 14 days of nevirapine and moringa (1.85 g leaf powder/day) co-administration. Nevirapine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To assess the effect of moringa on nevirapine PK, the change in nevirapine area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was determined. The mean difference in pre- and post-moringa nevirapine, maximum concentration (C max ) and concentration at 12 h (C 12h ) were also calculated. The PK parameters were compared by assessing the post/pre geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and associated 90% confidence intervals (CIs). Pharmacokinetics analyses were performed on the results from 11 participants for whom complete data were obtained. The post/pre GMRs and associated 90% CIs for nevirapine were 1.07 (1.00-1.14) for the AUC; 1.06 (0.98-1.16) for C max and 1.03 (0.92-1.16) for C 12h . Co-administration of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf powder at the traditional dose did not significantly alter the steady-state PK of nevirapine. Trial registration number NCT01410058 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

  5. O Brasil e as negociações multilaterais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shiguenoli Miyamoto

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available O artigo procura demonstrar que o Brasil sempre favoreceu a participação em fóruns multilaterais e que esta tendência tem se acentuado na década de 1990.The article seeks to show that Brazil has favored multilateral instances throughout its history. In the nineties, this trend has increased.

  6. Tratamento em saúde mental: estudo documental da legislação federal do surgimento do Brasil até 1934

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danielly de Souza Canabrava

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Os modos de tratamento em saúde mental e os estigmas a que os portadores de transtorno mental são submetidos constituem questões de reflexão e discussão na área da saúde. Com o intuito de se aprofundar nesta temática desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa documental com o objetivo de analisar os modos de tratamento na legislação federal de saúde mental surgida no Brasil do seu descobrimento até 1934. Obteve-se 16 Decretos, que constituíram as fontes primárias deste estudo, mediante busca no acervo de Leis da Biblioteca Pública do Paraná e no site do Ministério da Saúde. As fontes foram discutidas em três eixos temporais da história do Brasil: Brasil Colonial, Brasil Imperial e Brasil República: a partir de 1889. Conclui-se que o período estudado constituiu uma trajetória de tratamentos marcada por isolamentos, terapêuticas repressoras e desumanas à pessoa com transtorno mental.

  7. Hans Kelsen, estado de exceção e Copa do Mundo no Brasil || Hans Kelsen, State of Emergency and World Cup in Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andityas Soares de Moura Costa Matos

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN. Este trabajo presenta la situación de excepción económica creada en Brasil al hilo de la realización de los llamados “grandes eventos”, en particular la Copa del Mundo de 2014, que ha registrado la suspensión de diversos derechos y garantías fundamentales del derecho brasileño con objeto de garantizar la explotación económica monopólica del evento por la FIFA. El marco teórico del artículo se basa en la Teoría Pura del Derecho de Kelsen, que al ejemplificar una teoría del derecho de la normalidad, en la que la excepción no tiene espacio, sirve perfectamente de contra-paradigma para analizar el escenario político-legal autoritario que se ha introducido en Brasil, el cual se aborda brevemente a través del análisis de parte de la legislación de excepción que actúa como garante de la Copa del Mundo.. ABSTRACT. This article intends to analyze the situation of economic exception established in Brazil for the accomplishment of the so-called “mega events”, specially the 2014 World Cup, when many rights and guarantees foreseen in the Brazilian legal system were suspended with the purpose of guaranteeing FIFA’s monopolistic economic exploitation at the event. The work’s theoretical framework has its basis in Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law, which, as an example of a legal theory of normality, where the exception has no room, perfectly suits as an inverted paradigm for the authoritarian political-legal scenario established in Brazil, the latter being briefly presented through the analysis of part of the exceptional legislation approved to ensure the World Cup. RESUMO. O presente artigo pretende analisar a situação de exceção econômica instaurada no Brasil para a realização dos chamados “megaeventos”, em especial a Copa do Mundo de 2014, quando diversos direitos e garantias fundamentais do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro foram suspensos com o objetivo de garantir a exploração econômica monopolística do

  8. O papel das aves na dispersão e germinação de sementes do pau-incenso (Pittoporum undulatum Vent. em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica. Bird role in seed dispersion and germination of Pittosporum undulatum Vent., seeds in an Atlantic Forest remnant.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Lopes CAMPAGNOLI

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available A invasão biológica pela espécie Pittosporum undulatum Vent. pode ocasionar degradação de ecossistemas nativos, perda de espécies e de serviços ecossistêmicos. Além das características biológicas que favorecem seu estabelecimento, seus frutos são fontes alimentares para algumas espécies de aves, que acabam por dispersar suas sementes. O presente estudo foi realizado no Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren, e visou verificar as espécies de aves potencialmente dispersoras do pau-incenso, comparar os registros de alimentação obtidos para esta árvore e para outras seis espécies arbóreas locais e avaliar a influência da ingestão das sementes pelas aves na sua taxa de germinação. A coleta de dados consistiu em observações focais das aves em atividade de forrageio no pau-incenso e a captura de indivíduos com redes de neblina para coleta de sementes nas fezes. Testes de germinação foram realizados com as sementes coletadas das fezes e diretamente dos frutos maduros. No total, foram encontradas 107 sementes nas fezes de oito sabiás, pertencentes a três espécies: Turdus rufiventris, Turdus amaurochalinus e Turdus albicollis. Não encontramos diferenças significativas nas taxas de germinação entre os tratamentos. Apesar da passagem das sementes pelo trato digestório das aves não ter alterado significativamente as taxas de germinação, os sabiás podem ser importantes dispersores do pau-incenso, permitindo a colonização de novas áreas por esta espécie exótica e intensificando seu processo de invasão biológica na Mata Atlântica.Biological invasion by the species Pittosporum undulatum Vent. could bring degradation to native ecosystems and loss of biodiversity and ecological services. Besides the biological features favoring the establishment of the species in natural environments, some bird species use its fruits as food sources, being responsible for its seed dispersion. The present study was held at Alberto L

  9. Rapid detection of Streptococcus uberis in raw milk by loop-mediated isothermal amplification

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cornelissen, J.B.W.J.; Greeff, De A.; Heuvelink, A.E.; Swarts, M.; Smith, H.E.; Wal, Van der F.J.

    2016-01-01

    A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to detect Streptococcus uberis in raw milk was developed and evaluated. Three genes (sodA, pauA, cpn60) were assessed for their suitability as targets in LAMP. The analytical sensitivity was 120, 120, and 12 fg per assay for the sodA, pauA,

  10. Desenvolvimento dos biocombustíveis no Brasil e no Leste Asiático: experiências e desafios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilmar Masiero

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo resume o papel que as novas tecnologias e as políticas governamentais têm desempenhado na evolução da indústria dos biocombustíveis no Brasil e no Leste Asiático. Ele documenta os fatores que contribuíram para que o Brasil, China, Japão e Coreia do Sul se tornassem produtores e consumidores de biocombustíveis, bem como a extensão em que essa fonte de energia tem sido efetivamente adotada em cada uma dessas economias. Em seguida, avalia a extensão do comércio e da cooperação em biocombustíveis entre os três países do Leste Asiático e o Brasil. Argumenta que o Japão é muito mais avançado em sua cooperação sobre biocombustíveis com o Brasil e que nas demais economias asiáticas existe grande potencial para maior cooperação.

  11. ANÁLISE DO DIAGNÓSTICO DO DESEMPENHO EM LEITURA: PROVINHA BRASIL vs. FLUÊNCIA EM LEITURA ORAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ayane Nararela Santos Almeida

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Analisamos, por meio dos resultados obtidos na aplicação do Teste 2 da Provinha Brasil 2011 e de uma matriz de competência de fluência em leitura oral, o desempenho dos alfabetizandos na fluência em leitura oral e sua convergência com o desempenho na Provinha Brasil. Como corpus, tomamos quatro histórias sem imagens para que alunos, do 2º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal de Aracaju, fizessem a leitura oral. Durante a análise, correlacionamos a competência de fluência em leitura oral desenvolvida pelos alunos, e verificada por meio da matriz proposta neste estudo, com os resultados obtidos no Teste 2 da Provinha Brasil 2011. Concluímos que a articulação entre a matriz de competência de fluência em leitura oral em conjunto com a matriz de referência da Provinha Brasil 2011 permite contribuir significativamente para o aprimoramento da competência comunicativa e letramento do aluno alfabetizando.

  12. DYNAMICS OF A VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM LAM. LEAVES EXTRACT ACTION ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL STRUCTURAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL PARAMETERS IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DIABETES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C.Craciun

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of Vaccinium corymbosum Lam. (highbush blueberry leaves on plasma and cholesterol levels, on the structure of pancreas and on the ultrastructure of liver, in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Plasma glucose levels were found to drop by about 30% after 10 and 20 days of treatment with the leaf extract, while plasma cholesterol levels slightly decreased only after 20 days of treatment. There was no evident improvement in the streptozotocin-altered structure of the pancreas after 3 and 6 days of treatment with the extract. The extract was effective in improving the shape and structure of the nucleus of hepatocytes altered by streptozotocin.

  13. CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÓMICAS Y FORRAJERAS DE Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonor Manríquez Mendoza

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Los árboles nativos son una fuente importante de forraje para el ganado, sobre todo en regiones con época de estiaje prolongada. Algunas especies arbóreas son de rápido crecimiento y buena calidad nutricional, además de tener la capacidad de producir forraje durante la época seca, cuando la necesidad de forraje es mayor. El guácimo (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. es un árbol nativo de América tropical que tiene un alto potencial forrajero y del que aún se conoce poco sobre su manejo agronómico. El guácimo es una especie que aparece en muchos estudios de diagnóstico de especies forrajeras en diversos sitios y asociaciones de vegetación, pero existe escasa información publicada sobre su manejo agronómico adecuado para ser cultivado como árbol forrajero. Existe información sobre el valor nutricional del guácimo, aunque la suplementación y la respuesta animal con esta especie tampoco han sido estudiadas de manera extensa. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la literatura existente sobre la presencia, el manejo y la calidad forrajera del guácimo en sistemas productivos con rumiantes domésticos.

  14. Khellin and Visnagin, Furanochromones from Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam., as Potential Bioherbicides.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Travaini, Maria L; Sosa, Gustavo M; Ceccarelli, Eduardo A; Walter, Helmut; Cantrell, Charles L; Carrillo, Nestor J; Dayan, Franck E; Meepagala, Kumudini M; Duke, Stephen O

    2016-12-21

    Plants constitute a source of novel phytotoxic compounds to be explored in searching for effective and environmentally safe herbicides. From a previous screening of plant extracts for their phytotoxicity, a dichloromethane extract of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. was selected for further study. Phytotoxicity-guided fractionation of this extract yielded two furanochromones, khellin and visnagin, for which herbicidal activity had not been described before. Khellin and visnagin were phytotoxic to model species lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and duckweed (Lemna paucicostata), with IC 50 values ranging from 110 to 175 μM. These compounds also inhibited the growth and germination of a diverse group of weeds at 0.5 and 1 mM. These weeds included five grasses [ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), barnyardgrass (Echinocloa crus-galli), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), foxtail (Setaria italica), and millet (Panicum sp.)] and two broadleaf species [morningglory (Ipomea sp.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)]. During greenhouse studies visnagin was the most active and showed significant contact postemergence herbicidal activity on velvetleaf and crabgrass at 2 kg active ingredient (ai) ha -1 . Moreover, its effect at 4 kg ai ha -1 was comparable to the bioherbicide pelargonic acid at the same rate. The mode of action of khellin and visnagin was not a light-dependent process. Both compounds caused membrane destabilization, photosynthetic efficiency reduction, inhibition of cell division, and cell death. These results support the potential of visnagin and, possibly, khellin as bioherbicides or lead molecules for the development of new herbicides.

  15. Vozes femininas: trajetórias de sobreviventes do holocausto radicadas no Brasil (1933-1960)

    OpenAIRE

    Lilian Ferreira de Souza

    2014-01-01

    A partir do registro das narrativas orais sobre o Holocausto, pretendemos analisar um conjunto de testemunhos que expressem as trajetórias das mulheres judias sobreviventes do nazismo radicadas no Brasil entre 1933-1960. A historiografia sobre o tema revela que um grande número de mulheres judias foram perseguidas, torturadas e confinadas em guetos, campos de trabalho e de extermínio. No entanto, muito pouco se sabe sobre a trajetória daquelas que optaram por viver no Brasil. Suas histórias...

  16. Desarrollo nuclear, condicionantes externos y acuerdos nucleares bilaterales: el caso de Argentina y Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Quintanar, Silvia; Romegialli, Mónica

    2007-01-01

    Argentina y Brasil han sido países pioneros dentro del escenario latinoamericano en la investigación y desarrollo de tecnología nuclear. En el período anterior al advenimiento de las democracias, ambos países sostuvieron posiciones convergentes frente a los acuerdos mundiales, al mismo tiempo que rivalizaban en sus respectivos desarrollos en materia nuclear. Argentina era el país que tenía la vanguardia en el programa desarrollo nuclear. Las democracias reencontradas en Brasil y Argenti...

  17. Dimensão verbo-visual de enunciados de Scientific American Brasil / Verbo-Visual Dimension in Utterances from Scientifc American Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sheila Vieira de Camargo Grillo

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Os enunciados de divulgação científica caracterizam-se pelo diálogo de saberes da esfera científica com os de outras esferas. Entre as diferentes dimensões pertinentes à abordagem da divulgação científica, serão investigadas as relações entre as imagens e o texto, materializadas na parceria entre as ilustrações e o material verbal. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído por artigos da revista Scientific American Brasil no período entre 2002 e 2007. A análise focará os sentidos produzidos pela “ilustração síntese” de uma capa. ABSTRACT: The utterances of the scientific diffusion are characterized by the dialogue between the knowledge from the scientific sphere with the others spheres. It will be investigated the relationships between the images and the text, materialized in the partnership between illustrations and verbal material. The corpus of the research is formed by articles from the magazine Scientific American Brasil published from 2002 to 2007. The analyses willfocus the senses produced by the “synthetic illustration” in a cover.

  18. Evidence for homoploid speciation in Phytophthora alni supports taxonomic reclassification in this species complex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Husson, C; Aguayo, J; Revellin, C; Frey, P; Ioos, R; Marçais, B

    2015-04-01

    Alder decline has been a problem along European watercourses since the early 1990s. Hybridization was identified as the main cause of this emerging disease. Indeed, the causal agent, a soil-borne pathogen named Phytophthora alni subsp. alni (Paa) is the result of interspecific hybridization between two taxa, Phytophthora alni subsp. multiformis (Pam) and Phytophthora alni subsp. uniformis (Pau), initially identified as subspecies of Paa. The aim of this work was to characterize the ploidy level within the P. alni complex that is presently poorly understood. For that, we used two complementary approaches for a set of 31 isolates of Paa, Pam and Pau: (i) quantification of allele copy number of three single-copy nuclear genes using allele-specific real-time PCR and (ii) comparison of the genome size estimated by flow cytometry. Relative quantification of alleles of the three single-copy genes showed that the copy number of a given allele in Paa was systematically half that of its parents Pau or Pam. Moreover, DNA content estimated by flow cytometry in Paa was equal to half the sum of those in Pam and Pau. Our results therefore suggest that the hybrid Paa is an allotriploid species, containing half of the genome of each of its parents Pam and Pau, which in turn are considered to be allotetraploid and diploid, respectively. Paa thus results from a homoploid speciation process. Based on published data and on results from this study, a new formal taxonomic name is proposed for the three taxa Paa, Pam and Pau which are raised to species status and renamed P. ×alni, P. ×multiformis and P. uniformis, respectively. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Integration of Web 2.0 Tools in a VLE to Improve the EFL Spanish University Entrance Examination Results: A Quasiexperimental Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martin-Monje, Elena

    2014-01-01

    The article shows the results of a research project designed to improve the results in the English section of the Spanish University Admission Examination, or PAU, Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad (EFL-PAU henceforth). Using a quasi-experimental methodology relevant data was collected from both groups during a whole academic year just before…

  20. First chemical constituents from Cordia exaltata Lam and antimicrobial activity of two neolignans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Sá de Sousa Nogueira, Tiago Bezerra; de Sá de Sousa Nogueira, Raquel Bezerra; E Silva, Davi Antas; Tavares, Josean Fechine; de Oliveira Lima, Edeltrudes; de Oliveira Pereira, Fillipe; da Silva Maciel, Jéssica Karina; de Souza Fernandes, Milen Maria Magalhães; de Medeiros, Fernando Antônio; do Socorro Ferreira Rodrigues Sarquis, Rosangela; Filho, Raimundo Braz; de Fátima Vanderlei de Souza, Maria

    2013-09-10

    The phytochemical study of Cordia exaltata Lam. (Boraginaceae) led to the isolation, through chromatographic techniques, of nineteen secondary metabolites: 8,8'dimethyl-3,4,3',4'-dimethylenedioxy-7-oxo-2,7'cyclolignan (1), 8,8'-dimethyl-4,5-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenodioxy-7-oxo-2,7'cyclolignan (2), sitosterol (3a), stigmasterol (3b), sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4a), stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4b), phaeophytin A (5), 13²-hydroxyphaeophytin A (6), 17³-ethoxypheophorbide A (7), 13²-hydroxy-17³-ethoxypheophorbide A (8), m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), (E)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-propenoic acid (10), 1-benzopyran-2-one (11), 7-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one (12), 2,5-bis-(3',4'-methylenedioxiphenyl)-3,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran (13), 3,4,5,3',5'-pentamethoxy-1'-allyl-8.O.4'-neolignan (14), 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavonol (15), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone (16), 5,8-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (17), kaempherol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-6''-α-L-ramnopyranoside (18) and kaempherol 3,7-di-O-α-L-ramnopyranoside (19). Their structures were identified by ¹H and ¹³C-NMR using one and two-dimensional techniques. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of compounds 1, 2, 13 and 14 against bacteria and fungi are reported here for the first time.

  1. Transcriptome and selected metabolite analyses reveal points of sugar metabolism in jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Lisong; Wu, Gang; Hao, Chaoyun; Yu, Huan; Tan, Lehe

    2016-07-01

    Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., commonly known as jackfruit, produces the largest tree-borne fruit known thus far. The edible part of the fruit develops from the perianths, and contains many sugar-derived compounds. However, its sugar metabolism is poorly understood. A fruit perianth transcriptome was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, producing 32,459 unigenes with an average length of 1345nt. Sugar metabolism was characterized by comparing expression patterns of genes related to sugar metabolism and evaluating correlations with enzyme activity and sugar accumulation during fruit perianth development. During early development, high expression levels of acid invertases and corresponding enzyme activities were responsible for the rapid utilization of imported sucrose for fruit growth. The differential expression of starch metabolism-related genes and corresponding enzyme activities were responsible for starch accumulated before fruit ripening but decreased during ripening. Sucrose accumulated during ripening, when the expression levels of genes for sucrose synthesis were elevated and high enzyme activity was observed. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis presents fundamental information on sugar metabolism and will be a useful reference for further research on fruit perianth development in jackfruit. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Tumor therapy with a urokinase plasminogen activator-activated anthrax lethal toxin alone and in combination with paclitaxel.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wein, Alexander N; Liu, Shihui; Zhang, Yi; McKenzie, Andrew T; Leppla, Stephen H

    2013-02-01

    PA-U2, an engineered anthrax protective antigen that is activated by urokinase was combined with wildtype lethal factor in the treatment of Colo205 colon adenocarcinoma in vitro and B16-BL6 mouse melanoma in vitro and in vivo. This therapy was also tested in combination with the small molecule paclitaxel, based on prior reports suggesting synergy between ERK1/2 inhibition and chemotherapeutics. Colo205 was sensitive to PA-U2/LF while B16-BL6 was not. For the combination treatment of B16-BL6, paclitaxel showed a dose response in vitro, but cells remained resistant to PA-U2/LF even in the presence of paclitaxel. In vivo, each therapy slowed tumor progression, and an additive effect between the two was observed. Since LF targets tumor vasculature while paclitaxel is an antimitotic, it is possible the agents were acting against different cells in the stroma, precluding a synergistic effect. The engineered anthrax toxin PA-U2/LF warrants further development and testing, possibly in combination with an antiangiogenesis therapy such as sunitinib or sorafinib.

  3. Paleoparasitologia no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo L. C. Gonçalves

    Full Text Available Neste artigo faz-se uma revisão sobre o início da paleoparasitologia no Brasil e seu desenvolvimento. A pesquisa de parasitos em vestígios humanos pode trazer informações sobre questões tais como a origem e antiguidade da relação parasito-hospedeiro, distribuição de parasitos através do tempo e migrações humanas pré-históricas. O estudo de seqüências de ADN de parasitos encontrados em tecidos mumificados e coprólitos pode ser uma importante fonte de informação para filogenia e co-evolução parasito-hospedeiro. A análise de ácidos nucléicos de parasitos encontrados em material arqueológico (paleoparasitologia molecular abre novas perspectivas para estudos sobre evolução ao nível molecular.

  4. In Vitro Wound Healing Potential and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Moringa oleifera Lam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abubakar Amali Muhammad

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera from the monogeneric family Moringaceae is found in tropical and subtropical countries. The present study was aimed at exploring the in vitro wound healing potential of M. oleifera and identification of active compounds that may be responsible for its wound healing action. The study included cell viability, proliferation, and wound scratch test assays. Different solvent crude extracts were screened, and the most active crude extract was further subjected to differential bioguided fractionation. Fractions were also screened and most active aqueous fraction was finally obtained for further investigation. HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis were used for identification and confirmation of bioactive compounds. The results of our study demonstrated that aqueous fraction of M. oleifera significantly enhanced proliferation and viability as well as migration of human dermal fibroblast (HDF cells compared to the untreated control and other fractions. The HPLC and LC-MS/MS studies revealed kaempferol and quercetin compounds in the crude methanolic extract and a major bioactive compound Vicenin-2 was identified in the bioactive aqueous fraction which was confirmed with standard Vicenin-2 using HPLC and UV spectroscopic methods. These findings suggest that bioactive fraction of M. oleifera containing Vicenin-2 compound may enhance faster wound healing in vitro.

  5. Farmacopeia natural de comunidades rurais no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Pessoa da Silva

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this work is to know more about medicinal plants, forms of usage and therapeutic indications determined by the communities of Pau-Arrastado, Salinas and Resolvido. We used semi-structured interviews, guided tours and followed the usual botanical methodology. The study sample included 93 individuals (51.9% of the total. Species were grouped into 18 categories of disease, according to the World Health Organization (WHO. We calculated the Factor of Informant Consensus (FIC and the Index of Relative Importance (IRI. They included eighty-one (81 species, belonging to 40 botanical families and 69 genera were referred, of which 75.3% were native ones. The most prominent family was Fabaceae (18.5%, and the leaves were the most used parts (32%. The preparation method most used was dye (38.2%. The highlights were the body systems: agents of bacterial and viral infections (27.2%, digestive system diseases (22.4% and genitourinary diseases (19.5%. Croton campestris A. St. Hil. and Ximenia americana L. were the most versatile with an IRI of 2.00. There was a greater consensus for the plants indicated for the treatment of liver diseases.

  6. Melamin Plaka İle Kaplanmış Yonga Levhalı (YL-Lam Kutu Mobilyalarda Köşe Birleştirmelerin Yük Taşıma Kapasitesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mustafa ALTINOK

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Kutu mobilya köşe birleştirmelerindeki mukavemet, bu tip ürünlerin kullanım sürelerini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Mukavemeti etkileyen etmenler ise üretim aşamasında seçilen levha, köşe birleştirme tipi ve tutkaldır. Bu çalışmada, karma birleştirme (kavela+yabancı çıtalı yöntemiyle birleştirilmiş melamin plaka ile kaplanmış yonga levha (YL-Lam örneklerde kullanılan farklı tutkalların kutu mobilya köşe birleştirmelerindeki diyagonal zorlamalar (diyagonal basınç ve çekme karşısındaki mukavemet performansları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, faklı tutkal türleri (PVAc, Polimerin, Silikon ile tutkallanmış karma köşe birleştirmeli YL- Lam örnekler hazırlanmıştır. Örneklere diyagonal basınç ve çekme deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Deneyler sonunda silikon tutkallı deney örneklerinde, diğer örneklerden daha yüksek basınç ve çekme direnci tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Yapıştırıcı, Ahşap Birleştirme, Diyagonal Basma Direnci, Diyagonal Çekme Direnci

  7. Repositórios institucionais de acesso livre no Brasil: estudo Delfos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernani Rufino dos Santos Junior

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available A filosofia do acesso livre ao conhecimento científico surgiu da dificuldade das bibliotecas universitárias de todo mundo em manter atualizadas as assinaturas das coleções de periódicos científicos. Os repositórios institucionais são uma das ferramentas que se mostram como alternativa para a comunicação da Ciência livre de barreiras de acesso. A pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar quais são as perspectivas futuras das atuais políticas de implementação de repositórios institucionais de acesso livre no Brasil na opinião de especialistas na área, tendo como base a análise do estado da arte das implementações de Repositórios Institucionais no Brasil. Neste trabalho, a pesquisa é dividida em três etapas: a primeira consiste na coleta de dados descritivos dos repositórios institucionais da Universidade de Brasília (RIUnB e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (BDJur-STJ; já na segunda etapa de pesquisa, procede-se à consulta aos especialistas indagando-os acerca da situação atual das implementações de repositórios institucionais no Brasil; e, por fim, na terceira etapa de pesquisa consultamos estes mesmos especialistas sobre os desdobramentos futuros destas políticas no País. Utilizamos da técnica Delfos de pesquisa, onde os especialistas são consultados através de questionários constituídos de perguntas abertas, possibilitando assim chegar a um consenso das opiniões no final da pesquisa. Como resultado da pesquisa, é elaborado um quadro com a tabulação das respostas dos especialistas consultados revelando o panorama das perspectivas futuras das implementações de repositórios institucionais no Brasil na opinião dos especialistas que fazem parte da nossa amostra de pesquisa.

  8. Universidade, sociedade e território no Brasil: Um estudo de caso na Bahia

    OpenAIRE

    da Silva Brito, Marialda

    2013-01-01

    Esta investigación aborda la relación de la universidad con la sociedad y el territorio en Brasil y, particularmente, en el estado de Bahía. Concretamente son estudiados algunos condicionantes socio-territoriales a fin de comprobar sus relaciones con el surgimiento de esas instituciones de enseñanza superior y, al mismo tiempo, también son observadas las influencias de ellas sobre el desarrollo territorial. La metodología para investigar esta realidad dirigida al Brasil y Bahía, ha seguido pr...

  9. Mastites em ruminantes no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Acosta, Atzel Candido; Silva, Leonildo Bento Galiza da; Medeiros, Elizabeth Sampaio; Pinheiro-Júnior, José Wilton; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido

    2016-01-01

    Resumo: A mastite é uma doença complexa e considerada uma das principais causas de perdas à indústria leiteira mundial. Objetivou-se com esta revisão compilar informações dos últimos dez anos sobre a mastite em ruminantes no Brasil. A prevalência da mastite subclínica chega a 48,64% na espécie bovina, 30,7% na espécie caprina, 31,45% na espécie ovina e 42,2% na espécie bubalina, destacando-se a etiologia por Staphylococcus spp. Os fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de mastite estão rela...

  10. dictadura militar brasileña

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Amich Elías

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La dictadura brasileña (1964-1985 desarrolló diversos mecanismos para el cuidado de la infancia y adolescencia marginal, como era denominada por el discurso oficial. Dentro de ese grupo de «menores» –sinónimo de niños pobres- este artículo se propone aproximarse a los conocidos como menores delincuentes, y analizar cómo la normativa, el tratamiento y la ideología proyectados sobre esos muchachos y muchachas evolucionaron a lo largo de los años dictatoriales, como parte de las estrategias de consolidación y supervivencia del Régimen autoritario

  11. Imagen corporal, funcionamiento sexual y autoestima en mujeres brasileñas con un Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) elevado

    OpenAIRE

    Santos Silva, Ajurymar; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut

    2015-01-01

    En la sociedad brasileña, el `culto al cuerpo` es una práctica común y diseminada entre las mujeres. El objetivo general de la investigación es analizar si las puntuaciones del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), de mujeres brasileñas, interfieren en los niveles de satisfacción corporal (imagen corporal), funcionamiento sexual y autoestima. El diseño fue cuantitativo, y se han empleado cuatro instrumentos distintos, en una muestra de 102 mujeres brasileñas. Los cuestionarios utilizados fueron: un ...

  12. Anatomia comparada do lenho de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. em áreas de cerrado e de plantação de Pinus elliottii Engelm.

    OpenAIRE

    Luchi, Agnes E.; Silva, Luiz C. Pereira; Moraes, Marcelo A.

    2005-01-01

    A estrutura anatômica do lenho de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. foi analisada pela observação do caule e da raiz de espécimes provenientes de duas áreas de cerrado, uma com vegetação característica e outra, em que a vegetação original foi substituída por monocultura de Pinus elliotti Engelm. As duas áreas situam-se na Reserva Biológica e Estação Experimental de Moji-Guaçu. As amostras foram coletadas pelo método não destrutivo. Os dados quantitativos das características analisadas foram obti...

  13. La nueva arquitectura brasileña

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sartoris, Alberto

    1958-11-01

    Full Text Available En el movimiento actual de la construcción, la contribución del Brasil moderno es tal vez la primera realización emprendida a gran escala para definir una arquitectura nacional. En un nivel extremadamente elevado, brillantes creadores de calidades insólitas, se han mostrado capaces de establecer los más diversos ejemplos de esta construcción y de hacer de sus audaces proyectos una serie de nuevos conocimientos que forman parte importante de la civilización contemporánea.

  14. Principais Acervos de Paleontologia do Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Eloisa Magalhães Pássaro; Maria Helena Hessel; José de Araújo Nogueira Neto

    2014-01-01

    O presente trabalho apresenta uma súmula dos principais acervos paleontológicos no Brasil, sem considerar instituições que por ora se encontram fechadas para reforma, com coleções predominantemente didáticas ou acadêmicas e acervos com menos de uma centena de exemplares catalogados. Das trinta instituições listadas, doze deles estão situadas no sudeste (Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Peirópolis, Ouro Preto, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Taubaté e Monte Alto), dez no nordeste (Ceará, Rio ...

  15. Pisada como trapo de piso: experiencia de violencia hospitalaria en el Nordeste Brasileño

    OpenAIRE

    Annatália Meneses de Amorim GOMES; Marilyn K. NATIONS; Madel Therezinha LUZ

    2010-01-01

    A pesar de los recientes esfuerzos para mejorar la calidad de los servicios públicos de salud en el Brasil, iniquidades y violencia institucional persisten en los hospitales. Este estudio antropológico-crítico investiga la experiencia humana de hospitalización del punto de vista del paciente internado en un hospital público, localizado en Fortaleza (Ceará), nordeste brasileño. Un método cualitativo original, “El camino del paciente” fue creado y utilizado, mezclando...

  16. Os Simpsons e a Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014: imagens e problemas do Brasil contemporâneo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regina Célia Lima Caleiro

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Os Simpsons, animação criada em 1987, povoa as programações televisivas brasileiras desde 1991, satirizando a família, a sociedade americana e a internacional. Em 2002, o episódio “O feitiço de Lisa” teve sua apresentação censurada nos canais abertos, por exigência da empresa de turismo Riotur e do ex-presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Em 2014, em tempos de Copa do Mundo no Brasil, os produtores da animação desferiram novamente suas críticas ao Brasil, no episódio “Você não precisa viver como um árbitro”. Intenta-se, a partir da análise dos respectivos episódios, perceber as imagens do Brasil e da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014, com vistas a problematizarmos a atual realidade nacional.   Palavras-chave: Simpsons; Futebol; Brasil.

  17. EL DERECHO Y LA BIOÉTICA: ESTADO ACTUAL DE LAS CUESTIONES EN BRASIL O DIREITO E A BIOÉTICA: ESTADO ATUAL DAS QUESTÕES NO BRASIL LAW AND BIOETHICS: PRESENT STATUS IN BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo de Oliveira Leite

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available En la presente monografía, el autor examina las relaciones existentes entre los ámbitos jurídico y bioético, haciendo especial referencia al estado actual de la problématica en Brasil. A este respecto, señala que el Derecho, como norma imperativa, ha encontrado gran dificultad en la reglamentación de las materias bioéticas, pues concurre con otros sistemas normativos, no emanados de los poderes públicos, sino que de la comunidad científica. Con todo, su reconocimiento por parte del ordenamiento jurídico las legitima, al reflejar los valores dominantes en la sociedad, permitiendo su inserción en el medio socialNa presente monografia, o autor examina as relações existentes entre os campos jurídico e bioético, fazendo especial referência ao estado atual da problemática no Brasil. A este respeito, assinala que o Direito, como norma imperativa, tem encontrado grande dificuldade no ordenamento das matérias bioéticas, pois as mesmas provem de outros sistemas normativos que não os emanados dos poderes públicos, mas sim, da comunidade científica. Entretanto, o reconhecimento por parte do ordenamento jurídico as legitima ao refletir os valores dominantes na sociedade, permitindo, assim, sua inserção no meio socialIn this monograph, the author examines the existing relationship between the juridical and ethical scopes, emphasizing especially the present status of the subject in Brasil. Accordingly, he points out that Law, as an imperative norm, has found great difficulty in establishing rules for bioethical matters, because it rules simultaneously with other normative systems that are not issued by the public authorities, but by the scientific community. Nevertheless, its juridical's recognition legitimates them because it reflects the predominant values in society, allowing them to be inserted in the social system

  18. Análise dos Fundos de Investimentos de Renda Fixa do Banco do Brasil S.A.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Knebel Baggio

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar o melhor fundo de investimento em renda fixa disponível para o público do varejo no Banco do Brasil. Tema escolhido devido a grande quantidade de investidores que adentraram nesse mercado de investimento depois da estabilização econômica do Brasil, gerando diversas dúvidas e movimentando vultosos volumes de dinheiro. O trabalho foi realizado com oito fundos de investimentos de renda fixa no Banco do Brasil, disponíveis no segmento varejo, compreendendo o período de fevereiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2013. Para tanto foi empregado como ferramenta de avaliação de desempenho dos fundos o Índice de Sharpe (1966. Os resultados indicam o fundo BB Renda Fixa LP Ind 20 mil como sendo o melhor investimento.

  19. Animales notables: la percepción de los brasileños sobre la fauna en el billete del Real

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graziele Scalfi

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Brasil es considerada una nación mega diversa, poseedora de algunos de los grupos de especies animales más numerosos del mundo. El billete del Real, la moneda brasileña, homenajea esta rica fauna desde 1994. Cerca de 190 millones de billetes circulan todos los días en las manos de los brasileños, pero ¿será que esa enorme exposición es suficiente para que la población reconozca esa fauna? Este artículo, evalúa la percepción de los brasileños con relación a la divulgación de los animales de la fauna brasileña en los billetes del Real. El análisis, se basa en las actividades realizadas durante la 10org.siir.client.entities.Sup@3ccd9945 Semana Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, en octubre de 2013, en el campus de la Universidad Estatal de Campinas (Unicamp y en el Parque Taquaral, en Campinas, en el estado de San Pablo. Los participantes fueron invitados a escoger especies que ilustraban cada uno de los seis billetes del Real y responder un cuestionario relativo a los hábitos de los animales brasileños retratados. Participaron en dicha actividad 159 personas, 86 de ellas individualmente y 73 en pareja o en grupo. Aunque los billetes son parte de su día a día, los participantes recordaban vagamente a los animales impresos en los billetes, aun mostrando 16 imágenes de animales, seis de los cuales, aparecen impresos en los billetes. El resultado indica que la divulgación científica tiene un gran reto por delante, una vez que la información habitual como lo es la fauna en el Real, no es suficiente para que la población identifique las especies nativas de Brasil.

  20. Bolívia, Brasil e o gás natural: um breve debate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Alexandre Altahyde Hage

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available O texto analisa as razões de se importar gás natural boliviano. O emprego do carburante importado foi admitido como uma das formas para neutralizar a crise de energia elétrica que o Brasil vem atravessando desde os anos 1990, cujo ápice se deu com o "apagão" de 2001. Além disso, o uso da matéria-prima traduz a ausência de políticas públicas coerentes para o setor energético. O Brasil aceitou, em grande parte, programas sugeridos pelas agências financeiras internacionais, que negavam o papel estratégico do Estado no campo da energia elétrica e do petróleo, como forma de o País tornar-se conveniente para os investimentos externos desejosos de compensação em curto prazo. A falta dessa coordenação política energética fez com que o Brasil abrisse mão de sua segurança energética, fundamental para o equilíbrio político e econômico.