Byzantine Neumes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Troelsgård, Christian

musikeksempler med transskription til moderne linjenotation og en detaljeret bibliografi. Bogen er tænkt som en opdatering og uddybning af H.J.W. Tillyards Handbook of the Middle Byzantine Musical Notation (København 1935), en af de første udgivelser i serien Monumenta Musicae Byzantinae. Udgivelsen opsummerer...

The economic impact of pilgrimage: An economic impact analysis of pilgrimage expenditures in Galicia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Graave, Elisabeth J.E.; Klijs, J.; Heijman, W.J.M.

2017-01-01

In this article, we calculate the economic impact of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in the NUTS 2 region Galicia (Spain) in 2010. This economic impact is relevant to policymakers and other stakeholders dealing with religious tourism in Galicia. The analysis is based on the Input-Output model.

The Crossroads of Plastination and Pilgrimage

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Chadwick Co SY SU

2018-03-01

Full Text Available At the Singapore Science Centre in 2010, I went to Body Worlds, an exhibit set up by the Institute for Plastination, founded by Gunther von Hagens. As I later learned, he pioneered plastination—the art, science, and technique of preserving entire bodies and body parts for use in medical and anatomical research, exhibition, or both. A few months after, I made the decision to donate my body after death to the Institute under arrangements similar to that of a Living Will. In my visits to two other Body World exhibits in Germany and the Netherlands, I have seen organs perfectly preserved and had thoughts occur to me that one day, I may well be an exhibit specimen instead of an exhibit attendee. By establishing a connection with existing pilgrimage literature; and using a combination of thick description and pragmatic analyses; this paper puts forward the proposition that visits to these; and other similar; exhibits constitute a pilgrimage of and to the self. The paper also discusses the ethics and practical consequences of body donation; and evaluates the arguments for and against the body donation decision from the lenses of the person making the donation; the person’s significant others; and societal influencers. The paper concludes by suggesting take-off points in discussing the connection between plastination and pilgrimage; particularly in the contexts of intercultural communication and religious studies.

Byzantine Parthenogenesis as Hierotopy of Fluid Brilliance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Isar, Nicoletta

2014-01-01

Images Borne on Dewy Lightning Byzantine παρθένογένεσις as Hierotopy of Fluid Brilliance......Images Borne on Dewy Lightning Byzantine παρθένογένεσις as Hierotopy of Fluid Brilliance...

[The establishment of the hospital-system in the Byzantine Empire].

Science.gov (United States)

Józsa, László

2011-01-01

Byzantine hospitals developed out of Christian institutions for the poor and homeless. Philanthropy provided the initial impulse to create hospices (xenons) and to expand these institutions into specialized medical centers (iatreons or nosokomeions). However the Byzantine nosocomeions resemble more closely modern hospitals than they do any of the institutions of Greek-Roman antiquity or any of the houses of charity in the Latin West during the Middle Ages. Since the 4th century the Byzantine hospitals have stressed the central position of the nosocomeion in Byzantine society at the intersection of state, ecclesiastical and professional interest. In the great cities and in the capital, more than hundred hospitals worked in the East-Roman Empire. The Byzantine hospital rules guaranted patients private beds, required physicians to wash their hands after each examination and arranged the physical plant to keep all the sick warm. The Byzantine hospitals had separate sections (in modern terms: surgery-trauma surgery, internal medicine, ophthalmology, etc.) and at the beginning of the sixth century a separate institution for women. From the sixth century at least, bathing facilities normally adjoined Byzantine nosocomeia. By the twelfth century Byzantine hospitals also set aside a room or perhaps a separate building to treat outpatients. In addition to the main dormitories the surgery, baths and outpatient clinic, the large parts of hospitals also had separate rooms (or adjoining buildings) for library, for lecture hall, for administrative functions and record keeping for storage and for other services.

Byzantine Oecumene in the Iconoclast Controversy

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Lev Lukhovitskiy

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In 754 emperor Constantine V sought to defame the iconophile opposition by labeling John Damascene an agent of Arab influence. The fathers of Nicaenum II in 787 made a case for justifying external interference in the religious life of the Byzantine Empire. This stance was nuanced in polemical writings of the early 9th century. The author of the Life of St. Stephen the Younger presented external political pressure as internal by making the saint deliver a sermon on the geography of the iconoclast world in which political borders and ecclesiastical jurisdictions were deliberately tempered with. In late 810ies Theodore Studite and Patriarch Nicephorus launched a diplomatic enterprise aiming to increase the political pressure exercised from abroad over the recently reestablished iconoclast regime of Leo V. A close reading of Theodore’s letters and Nicephorus’ writings from exile sheds light on the underlying ideological basis of this trend. Michael II in his turn appropriated his opponents’ stratagem and tried to win over to his side an expanding external power -- the Carolingian empire -- and use it to suppress the iconophile opposition. In spite of the fact that the iconophile diplomatic efforts had negative rebound effects during the reign of Michael II, they were allotted a proper place in Byzantine cultural memory.

A Study on Impact of Informatization on Tourist Behavior : Analysis of Anime Pilgrimage

OpenAIRE

岡本, 健

2009-01-01

This paper shows impact of informatization on tourist behavior in Japan. This research adopts analysis of "Anime Pilgrimage" in order to accomplish the above mentioned objective. Recently, in Japan, some of anime fans make "Anime Pilgrimage" which is a kind of tourist behavior. It would appear that this behavior was affected by informatization strongly. As a result, it was found that "Anime Pilgrim" was affected by informatization not only before "Anime Pilgrimage" but also throughout "Anime ...

Transcription of Byzantine Chant - Problems, Possibilities, Formats

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Troelsgård, Christian

2007-01-01

Discusses the problems and possibilities for transsription of Byzantine chant on the basis of medieval musical manuscripts. A relatively 'neutral' style of transcription is suggested for musicological purposes.......Discusses the problems and possibilities for transsription of Byzantine chant on the basis of medieval musical manuscripts. A relatively 'neutral' style of transcription is suggested for musicological purposes....

The analysis of the phenomenon of pilgrimage in the context of V.Turner theory

OpenAIRE

Liutikas, Darius

2004-01-01

The article presents the theory of Turners towards pilgrimage. The phenomenon of pilgrimage Turners analyzed using such elements from the previous works of V. Turner like communitas, liminality, the location of pilgrimage sites. The communitas in V. Turner theory is a relational quality of full unmediated communication, even communion between definite and determinate identities, which arises spontaneously in all kinds of groups, situations and circumstances. The achievement of communitas is t...

Lycanthropy in Byzantine times (AD 330-1453).

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Poulakou-Rebelakou, E; Tsiamis, C; Panteleakos, L G; Ploumpidis, D

2009-12-01

In this paper, the original Greek language texts of the Byzantine medical literature about lycanthropy are reviewed. The transformation of a human being into a wolf and the adoption of animal-like behaviour, which were already known from mythology and had been presented in the scientific works of ancient Greek and Roman physicians, were examined by six Byzantine physicians and explained as a type of melancholic depression or mania. In spite of the influence of Byzantine medicine, its rationality in the interpretation of lycanthropy was forgotten in medieval and Renaissance times when it was replaced by explanations based on demonic possession and witchcraft. More recently psychiatry has treated the phenomenon as a subject of medical inquiry and has again explained the condition in terms of mental disorder.

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE BYZANTINE PORTRAIT ART

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Irina-Andreea STOLERIU

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Guided by the Christian faith, Byzantine art has attached special meaning to the representation of the human figure. Grounded on aesthetic principles, the artistic representation of the human face relinquished on the physical materiality of the represented model, searching for its essences and resemblances to the divine world. Subject to specific representation rules, Byzantine portraiture bears a series of peculiar characteristics that mark it out among other images of this kind belonging to other spirituality areas, periods and artistic styles. Both in icons, where it highlights a series of particular significances describing the divine nature of saints, and in other fields of Byzantine arts – such as mural painting or mosaic –the portrait stands out due to its importance. This paper intends to present a few of the defining characteristics of portraiture in Byzantine art, exemplifying the evolution of this artistic genre by analysing some of the most representative creations of this field.

Mission and/or conversion: strategies of Byzantine diplomacy

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Marius Telea

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The religious element has always represented, inevitably, a feature of Byzantine diplomacy, offering it the instruments necessary for a fruitful dialogue with the pagan peoples in Eastern Europe. As one could notice, the classical policies of Constantinople involved different strategies, as well as exorbitant expenses, which did not always ensure long-term peace. On the other hand, religion operated at an abstract level, and in the medieval mentality, celebrating rituals such as baptism or marriage to a Byzantine Porphyrogenita established a stronger connection than the one constituted through peace treaties. Although one cannot assert a decisive opinion concerning the spread of eastern Christianity, whether it was a purpose of the external Byzantine politics or just a means of obtaining peace, one thing is certain: preaching the Gospel represented a diplomatic practice with an immense power of persuasion. These successes of the mission patronized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople, especially in the IXth and Xth centuries show us that in this direction, the Byzantines were one step ahead of the Western world.

Barbarians in the City: Burials of the Germans in the Urban Cemeteries of Northern Illyricum in the Early Byzantine Period

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Miсhеl Kazanskiy

2017-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper we consider the topography of the burials of the Early Byzantine period (5th – 6th centuries, containing in their inventory items of German origin found in some cities of Northern Illyricum, whose necropolises were subjected to extensive excavations: Sirmium, Singidunum, Viminacium (present-day Northern Serbia. Two different types of burial places with German objects were witnessed on these city burials: isolated burials on cemeteries common to the whole population and separate cemeteries with the predominance of the German element. It can be assumed that these different types of organization of the funerary space correspond to different forms of settling of barbarians in the cities of the northern borderland of the Late Roman / Early Byzantine Illyricum. The barbarous presence in the urban burial context is very slight. In Syrmium, which repeatedly fell under the power of the barbarians (priests, gepids, a few barbarous burials were committed in cemeteries, which belonged mainly to the Roman city population, which indicates a fairly deep integration of the outgoing barbarians into the urban late-antique environment. In Singidunum and Viminacium, the frontier fortresses on the Danube, special “barbarian” cemeteries stand out, since the barbarians settled here were primarily a military force, that is, a separate social group with its own structure. It is also possible that unlike Sirmium, where archaeological traces of the presence of the Roman population are clearly revealed, barbarian mercenaries and their families accounted for a numerical majority in the garrison towns of the Danube borderland.

The Use of Monograms on Byzantine Seals in the Early Middle-Ages (6th to 9th Centuries

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Werner Seibt

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The paper deals especially with monograms on Byzantine lead seals. The early form was the block monogram, a type used already in Classical times, which came into fashion in the Byzantine world in the 6th or already in the 5th century and remained important till the early 7th century. Such monograms hide normally a name, a title or an office, the Greek ones in genitive, the Latin ones in nominative or genitive. Many of them can be read in different ways. For the double using of parts of letters for other ones the well-known Latin monogram of Theoderich is explained in detail.  But the “typical Byzantine monogram” became the cross monogram, with letters more or less affixed on the arms of a Greek cross. The earliest example stems from a coin of Justinus I, starting 522, quite earlier than Theodora’s monograms on capitals in the Hagia Sophia. These cruciform monograms presented in the beginning also a name, a title or an office, but in the 8th century already often a combination of them; these monograms with prosopographical information stopped in Byzantium at the end of the 8th century.  On the other hand invocative monograms (like Θεοτόκε βοήθει, often with the tetragram τῷ σῷ δούλῳ in the free quarters of the monogram, started around the middle of the 7th century and can be found till the earlier 11th century. The most common ones were collected by V. Laurent – we use this system till today, though there are much more types documented.  An important problem is that sometimes single letters are “hidden” in another letter, e. g. Lambda in Alpha or Delta, Epsilon in a Kappa on the left bar of a cross monogram, Sigma in Epsilon, Sigma in Kappa, Omikron in Rho, etc. In Vienna we developed a special program to solve many monograms. If we bring all the readable letters of a monogram (including the possibly additional ones in an alphabetical order, and do the same with the letters of names, titles and offices

Diverse Legal Significance of a Document in Byzantine Private Law

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Tamara M. Matović

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Byzantine, Graeco-Roman, law is the organic continuation of Roman law. However, the legal system itself, and many legal institutions in it, had gone through certain evolution. In this article, by researching Greek acts conserved in various monastic arhives, and confronting them with stipulations in the Byzantine law codes, we question the issues of consensuality of a contract, form of a legal deed, and acquisation of a real right in Byzantine private law. The nature of contracts in Byzantine law has not been sufficiently studied. Richful theoretical studies had been written in regards to the contract of purchase in Roman and Justinians law, however various and sometimes confronting information from the later Greek codes did not give definite answers to this question. Byzantine codices on this theme encompass already familiar stipulations and legal institutes. The attention of the lawgiver was on the notary system, on the mechanism which produced a written instrument. We believe that the issue of the παράδοσις δι̉ ἐγγράφου was not sufficiently highlighted in the field of Byzantine studies mostly due to the lack of information in the sources. However, when regarding the Athonite documents, it can be seen that the formulae describing the act of law transfer could be concidered as a relevant material to comment on this legal institute.

BESSARABIAN RELIGIOUS MUSIC OF BYZANTINE TRADITION REFLECTED IN AUTOCHTHONOUS MUSICOLOGY

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BARBANOI HRISTINA

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The article below presents an overview of the main musicological studies that aim Bessarabian religious music of Byzantine tradition, developed by musicologists from the Republic of Moldova and Romania. The author emphasizes the idea that although the study of Byzantine religious music in the Bessarabian space is carried out by a limited number of people, their research results deserve attention, being of high scientific value. Some of these results are even internationally recognized. At the same time, the author notes that Bessarabian religious music of Byzantine tradition is not sufficiently researched.

Forms of Pilgrimage at the Shrine of Khāled Nabi, Northeastern Iran

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Mehdi Ebadi

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Pilgrimage (religious tourism is one of the fastest growing forms of tourism. Nevertheless, there is still a gap between abstract theory and empirical research about this form of tourism in the literature. This dearth of tourism studies is even more glaring in the field of Ziyārat or pilgrimage in Islam which in spite of its importance and wide extended practice have been mostly ignored in tourism and geographic literature. The present study features one such area that is (almost unknown within the community of tourism and geography researchers. In Iran, religious pilgrimage has a long tradition. Numerous sacred places with varieties of rituals and traditions, which practice among the pilgrims all around the country, indicate on its antiquity (before Islamic periods. Among the most practiced forms of religious pilgrimage are the visits to several thousands of shrines, which are known in Iran as Ziyāratgah (lit. place of visit or Imāmzādeh. One of these Ziyāratgah is the pre-Islamic shrine of Khāled Nabi (also known as Halat Nabi, which belong to a legendary Christian holy man of the 6th A.D. The shrine lies in the northeastern Iranian province of Golestan, in a region called Turkmen-Sahra. Despite its relative remote setting, every year more than 90,000 travellers do visit this shrine. This article seeks to consider varieties of pilgrimage forms at the shrine. The results of the study shows that the travelers of Khāled Nabi shrine are not homogenous and comprise of different types of visitors. In addition to secular motivations, based on the visitors’ inventives, three zones/forms of pilgrimage, namely, ‘‘religious pilgrims’’, ‘‘cultural pilgrims’’, ‘‘nostalgic pilgrims’’have been recognized.

Contesting Conceptual Boundaries: Byzantine Literature and Its History

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Panagiotis A. Agapitos

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the problems of writing a history of Byzantine literature in the context of postmodern anxieties about canonization, authority and narrative histories of literature. An essential difficulty for such a project is the fact that Byzantine literature has been viewed as a continuation of or appendix to Ancient Greek literature, while, on the other, it has been divided into 'learned' and 'vernacular', the latter category having been defined as Modern Greek since the middle of the nineteenth century. The paper offers two sets of criteria for establishing new concepts of periodization and taxonomy. A series of examples are indicatively adduced in order to explain the scientific and ideological impasse in which Byzantine Studies have found themselves at the end of the previous century, while delineating a proposal for a different approach to content and structure of a wider synthesis. Writing a ‘new’ history of Byzantine literature is an experiment in proposing a radical paradigm shift by means of which this particular literary production in Medieval Greek can be studied within the broader context of Medieval European literatures as an integrated entity rather than as a separate and peripheral phase in the histories of Ancient or Modern Greek literature.

Experiencing and Teaching Pilgrimage in a Sacred Spaces Course

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Thomas J. Sienkewicz

2018-03-01

Full Text Available As part of an integrated studies curriculum at the author’s college, all juniors must take a Reflections course in which students consider personal values and analyze familiar and unfamiliar systems of thought and belief, in order to explore their own and others’ ideas about the ultimate meaning and purposes of life. “Sacred Places Past and Present”, is a course designed to fulfil this requirement. This course focuses on a number of important religious sites in the ancient Mediterranean and in the modern world, including the Parthenon, Olympia, Delphi, Stonehenge, and Muir Woods. These places are compared and contrasted in terms of what makes them sacred. Two pilgrimage experiences are part of this course: the hajj to Mecca and the Camino de Santiago de Compostela. In the past, the unit on the Camino focused on Emilio Estevez’s 2010 film “The Way”; however, during the summer of 2016, the author walked the Camino de Santiago. As a result, the course was substantially revised to reflect the author’s own personal experiences as a pilgrim. In particular, Paulo Coelho’s The Pilgrimage was incorporated into the course and students were given an opportunity to participate in a one-day pilgrimage walk in western Illinois.

Pilgrimage and Pilgrim Hierarchies in Vernacular Discourse: Comparative Notes from the Camino de Santiago and Glastonbury

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Tiina Sepp

2014-06-01

Full Text Available 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false This article is based on my fieldwork conducted in two important destinations in the spiritual landscape of European vernacular religion – the Camino de Santiago (pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in northern Spain, and Glastonbury in southwest England. In this comparison between modern expressions of pilgrimage, I look into the power relationships that exist on the pilgrimage, describe how hierarchies of pilgrims are created and maintained, and reflect on the meaning of the words pilgrim and pilgrimage. The co-existence of the different belief systems of Christianity and New Age and the conflicts and tension between them will be explored. I will also examine discourse around competing male and female energies. 

Middle Byzantine Historiography: Tradition, Innovation, and Reception

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Staffan Wahlgren

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper provides an overview of Greek historical writing of the Middle Byzantine period (approx. 800 until 1000 A.D., with a particular focus on the major chronicles, such as Theophanesthe Confessor (early 9th c., George the Monk (probably late 9th c., and Symeon the Logothete (second half of the 10th c.. On the one hand, it is discussed how the chroniclers engage with tradition and either accept it or reject it. Acceptance of tradition is illustrated by many cases where chroniclers keep very close to the narrative modes of their predecessors and in particular where they copy them extensively. Rejection of, or at least deviation from tradition is illustrated by many cases where new narrative techniques and modes of expression are apparent. Particular attention is paid to some aspects of narrative technique which seem to be innovative. In short, there seems to be an increased tendency towards greater logical (and hence, narrative coherence in the chronicles and an increased tendency towards concentration on a small number of settings, issues and persons (in particular, there is an increased concentration on the Capital of Constantinople and the Emperor’s person. Further, reception is discussed, and especially how Middle Byzantine historical texts were read and used in later writings, including the Slavic literatures. The need for further research in order to understand the transmission processes, especially in the form of the philological study of manuscripts, is stressed.

The Ghriba pilgrimage in the island of Jerba: the semantics of otherness

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Dora Carpenter-Latiri

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This article examines the Jewish pilgrimage to the Ghriba Synagogue on the island of Jerba (or Djerba in Tunisia, with a focus on the semantics of other­ness as it is condensed in the devotion to the Ghriba, the eponym­ous local saint of the synagogue. The author explores the semantics of the pilgrimage to the Ghriba (the ‘stranger saint’ and in particular, the polysemy of the name and the ambivalence of otherness in the Tunisian context, in particular in representations through discourse in the Tunisian Arabic language as shared by Muslims and Jews. She argues that this complex and ambivalent representation is the central meaning of the ritual of the Ghriba pilgrimage, as the negative connotations of otherness are reversed and amplified into the affirmation of a positive, healing ritual, dedicated to the stranger saint as a symbolic allegory of the otherness of the Jewish community as a whole, or as an allegory of the alienated, exiled, marginalized self.

Arab-Byzantine War, 629-644 AD

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Kunselman, David E

2007-01-01

.... In the course of just a few years the Arabs had conquered the valuable territories of modern day Palestine, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon from the Byzantines who in turn withdrew to Anatolia after great losses...

The Evolution of the Golden Temple of Amritsar into a Major Sikh Pilgrimage Center

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Rajinder S. Jutla

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Today the Sikh diaspora encompasses much of the world, having spread from India and Southeast Asia to the Pacific Rim, the Middle East, East Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Sikhism is a monotheistic world religion founded in the 15th century by Guru Nanak. His successors continued his teachings and provided a distinct shape to the Sikh community with a written language, a religious scripture and many institutions. The paper examines the significance of sacred place and the role of pilgrimage according to Sikh scripture. It also explores Sikh attitudes and practices towards pilgrimage through a questionnaire based survey. Finally, the paper investigates how the Golden Temple of Amritsar emerged as a sacred place for Sikhs and how it evolved into a major place of pilgrimage.

ANALYSIS OF THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL TOURIST RESOURCE OF THE ROMAN LEGIONARY FORTRESS AND EARLY BYZANTINE TOWN OF NOVAE

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Plamen Lakov

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The article is part of a research series for ancient Roman sites in Northern Bulgaria which aim to present the possibilities of creating a specialized form of cultural and historical product that ensures sustainable utilization of tangible heritage on the Bulgarian coast of the Danube. The methodology applied in assessing the potential of the Roman legionary fortress and Early Byzantine town of Novae is primarily designed for historical and cultural sites. An evaluation is made under the following criteria: potential for development, degree of impact / interaction, degree of modification with relevant indicators. The fieldwork and surveys were made in the summer of 2017 before the active archaeological season. The opportunities for creating a regional tourism product is analysed to ensure the region's recognition and sustainable development as a tourist destination.

The Effect of the Sasanian-Byzantine Wars (A.D. 603-628 on the Collapse of Sasanian Empire

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Mehrdad Ghodrat Dizaji

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Sasanian Empire in the early 7th century AD, due to long years of wars with Byzantine Empire (603-626 AD and its later defeat, lost its military and defensive strength, and went through a political crisis. Before this time, based on numismatic studies, it was revealed that following this defeat, only some provinces of the empire minted coins in the name of the Sasanian emperors, and it shows that other provinces were out of Sasanian’s control. Furthermore, literary sources have illustrated that Arab regions of the Sasanian Empire, after Sasanian’s defeat from Byzantine were out of Sasanian’s rule. The author, in this article has showed that according to archeological and numismatic evidence, Azerbaijan province which was the scene of Sasanian-Byzantine battlefield, received the most damages, and since about 623 AD was out of Sasanian’s control. The fall of the Sasanian hegemony in the provinces, was undoubtedly an important factor in weakening of Sasanian military and financial power and consequently contributed considerably to its defeat by Arab Muslims. This factor had also a significant role in Arabs’ penetration in the provinces which were out of Sasanian rule

Antonio Muñoz (1884-1960 and the history of Byzantine illumination: a new field of research in Italy under the aegis of Adolfo Venturi

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Giovanni Gasbarri

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Antonio Muñoz (1884-1960 is usually remembered for his successful career in the administration and conservation of the monumental heritage in Rome during the Fascist era. His brief yet relevant activity as a Byzantinist is often underestimated in the secondary literature, despite the fact that, before the 1914-18 war, he was unanimously considered as the most promising Italian specialist in Byzantine art. From 1903 onwards, after completing his studies with Adolfo Venturi, Muñoz developed an interest in Byzantine illumination, which became his primary area of expertise. At this early stage, his most important work was without doubt the new edition of the Rossano Gospels (1907, which was internationally praised as a significant step forward in the history of Byzantine illumination. With the support of previously unpublished or little-known documents, this article aims to provide a new critical analysis of Muñoz’s research on Byzantine illumination, as well as a more balanced evaluation of its impact on the scholarly community at the turn of the twentieth century.

L’impératrice byzantine et la cour (XIIIe-XVe siècle

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Malamut Élisabeth

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article focuses on the Byzantine empress and the court in the empire of the Lascarides and under the Palaiologoi. It studies the arrival of the Byzantine imperial princess, the ceremonial of her marriage and her coronation. All sources emphasize the prokypsis of the newly crowned bride and the role of the mother-in-law. Orthodox ceremony remains in force and the latitude granted to the early fifteenth century Latin princesses to dispense appears not to be respected. Then the author examines clothing and insignia of the Empress of the time of the Palaiologoi, then questions the role of the Empress in the march of the empire: receiving the women at the court, assistance at the counseling, at last in her presence in urban life. Finally it seems that the empresses from the West kept with them the retinue that had accompanied them from their country of origin and practiced a way of life freer than the princesses that came from the Orthodox world. The author concludes with the «noise of the Gynekeion».

The Pilgrimage to The San Nicola Shrine in Bari and its Impact

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Katia Rizzello

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Pilgrimage is defined as a journey to the Holy but more specifically as an inner journey to one’s deepest religious feelings. This type of journey has assumed new forms and types that bring it closer to modern tourism in general, though it maintains its distinctive characteristics, which will be the object of this paper. These changes in the nature of pilgrimage, which in part reflect the parallel socio-cultural transformation of the average visitor, have brought about a major reorganisation of the places involved and have had a significant socio-economic impact on the territories involved. The concentration of visitors and in some cases the presence of various categories of visit have led to structural changes in holy places and their surroundings. These changes, which arise from the need to meet the requirements of travellers as consumers, in turn have social and environmental impacts on the surrounding area that are similar to those caused by mass tourism. The most evident types of impact are structural, resulting from the creation or expansion of hotel and catering infrastructure and the start-up of new businesses such as travel agencies, specialised tour operators, shops selling religious souvenirs and establishments providing entertainment. All this alters the physiognomy and the layout of the towns where the religious sites are located, in some cases completely transforming the economy of the location and the use of land. The aim of this research is to study pilgrimage flows associated with the cult of Saint Nicholas (San Nicola in Bari, specifically concerning the pilgrimage's main characteristics and the most significant impacts on the district. The study follows a mixed approach that includes participant observation, use of archival documents and empirical evaluation of the material landscape and observed practices.

FUZZY DECISION MAKING MODEL FOR BYZANTINE AGREEMENT

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S. MURUGAN

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Byzantine fault tolerance is of high importance in the distributed computing environment where malicious attacks and software errors are common. A Byzantine process sends arbitrary messages to every other process. An effective fuzzy decision making approach is proposed to eliminate the Byzantine behaviour of the services in the distributed environment. It is proposed to derive a fuzzy decision set in which the alternatives are ranked with grade of membership and based on that an appropriate decision can be arrived on the messages sent by the different services. A balanced decision is to be taken from the messages received across the services. To accomplish this, Hurwicz criterion is used to balance the optimistic and pessimistic views of the decision makers on different services. Grades of membership for the services are assessed using the non-functional Quality of Service parameters and have been estimated using fuzzy entropy measure which logically ranks the participant services. This approach for decision making is tested by varying the number of processes, varying the number of faulty services, varying the message values sent to different services and considering the variation in the views of the decision makers about the services. The experimental result shows that the decision reached is an enhanced one and in case of conflict, the proposed approach provides a concrete result, whereas decision taken using the Lamport’s algorithm is an arbitrary one.

Byzantine Theme of Chios

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Anton S. Mokhov

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The article is devoted to the study of the Byzantine theme system in the 10th - 11th centuries. The author believes that the reign of Basil II (976-1025 was marked by the mikra themata in Balkans and on Aegean Sea islands. They were in need of effective border defense. Theme of Chios was one of the mikra militaryadministrative districts, which were created in this period. The author detected five leaders of the theme in accordance with the historical sources: protospatharios and strategos Theodoros Beriboes; protospatharios, tagmatophylax and strategos Leon Karikes; protospatharios, tagmatophylax and strategos Bardas Mersiniotes; vestarches and strategos Ioannes Aristenos; vestes and strategos Michael Maurikas. The analysis of the sigillographic data led to the conclusion that the regular tagmata were the base of the military force of theme of Chios. Moreover, the fortress of Volissos was located in the northwest of Chios. The area around the fortress was inhabited by representatives of one ethnic group. They were under the leadership of doux, which was subordinate to the strategos of the theme. The famous officials of the civil administration of Chios included fiscal clerks – dioiketes, horreiarios and judicial clerks – krites of the velon. Theme of Chios had existed for about one hundred years. It was liquidated during the war between Byzantine and Tzachas, Turkish amir of Smyrna.

Pilgrimage Experience and Consumption of Travel to the City of Makkah for Hajj Ritual

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Razaq Raj

2015-07-01

Full Text Available In modern society which, by definition is increasingly secular and culturally motivated, the Hajj is considered the culmination of each Muslim's religious duty and aspiration. It is stated in the Holy Qur'an, that every physically and financially able Muslim should make the Hajj to the Holy City of Makkah once in his or her lifetime. This paper explores what people do during their pilgrimage, providing a brief description of the principle rites and experiences and their meaning to an individual participants travelling from the USA. The paper will draw upon previously published literature as well as an analysis of findings from a quantitative study in which steps within the pilgrimage process were explored. These findings include participants’ descriptions of the significance and value of the experience which individual pilgrims face during travel to the holy city of Makkah. The results from the quantitative study indicated that the main motivations to attend the annual pilgrimage of Hajj were to fulfil religious obligation, spiritual enhancement and to follow teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad.

Better with Byzantine: Manipulation-Optimal Mechanisms

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Othman, Abraham; Sandholm, Tuomas

A mechanism is manipulable if it is in some agents’ best interest to misrepresent their private information. The revelation principle establishes that, roughly, anything that can be accomplished by a manipulable mechanism can also be accomplished with a truthful mechanism. Yet agents often fail to play their optimal manipulations due to computational limitations or various flavors of incompetence and cognitive biases. Thus, manipulable mechanisms in particular should anticipate byzantine play. We study manipulation-optimal mechanisms: mechanisms that are undominated by truthful mechanisms when agents act fully rationally, and do better than any truthful mechanism if any agent fails to act rationally in any way. This enables the mechanism designer to do better than the revelation principle would suggest, and obviates the need to predict byzantine agents’ irrational behavior. We prove a host of possibility and impossibility results for the concept which have the impression of broadly limiting possibility. These results are largely in line with the revelation principle, although the considerations are more subtle and the impossibility not universal.

To Arrive Is to Begin: Benjamin Sáenz's Carry Me Like Water and the Pilgrimage of Origin in the Borderlands

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Alberto López Pulido

2001-01-01

Full Text Available This essay examines the "pilgrimage of origin" as presented in Benjamin Sáenz's novel Carry Me Like Water . As is the case with other ethnic literature, Carry Me Like Water teaches us that we must first go back before we can move forward and transform our lives. By pilgrimage of origin I make reference to a journey where participants are required to return to the past and the familiar. Unlike the more commonly described linear pilgrimage experience where participants are required to travel beyond the range of their familiar space, the pilgrimage of origin obligates participants to return to their sacred sources of origin and to interpret and experience them in new and transformative ways. Through the character of María Elena developed by Sáenz, Carry Me Like Water represents a "lyric" for explaining and understanding the unique dimensions of Chicana/o experiences in the borderlands.

Female incompetence, misogyny and xenophobia, or a faulty marital policy on the part of the late Byzantine emperors?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Melichar, Petra

74, 2016 (2016), s. 58-70 ISSN 0007-7712. [Lives Roles and Actions of the Byzantine Empress es. Praha, 11.09.2015-12.09.2015] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GP14-08304P Institutional support: RVO:68378017 Keywords : Byzantine empress es * Late Byzantine empire * medieval women Subject RIV: AB - History

Menander Protector. History: On the Turkish Embassy to the Persians and Byzantines in 568 A.C. (translation and commentary

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Olesia Zhdanovich

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The article presents annotated translation from ancient Greek into Russian of the book of Menander Protector. In this text Menander Protector describes first the Turkish embassy to the Persians, and then to the Byzantines. The Great Turkic Khanate was the first Steppe empire in history. The relationship between Turkic Khanate and Byzantine Empire began from the middle of 6th century, parallel to the establishment of the Steppe empire. The purpose of the first Turkish embassies to the Byzantines was conclusion of an alliance against the Persians. Since the end of the 4th century Sassanid Empire and Byzantium challenged each other for the territory of Armenia, part of Georgia and the lands of southern Arabia. At the same time the Byzantine Empire’s relationship with the barbarians in the West were problematic. In addition it was going through a difficult economical and political period inside Empire. Another side of antagonism between Persian and Byzantine Empire was silk trade. Persian Empire had a monopoly on it. Byzantine Empire was in dire need of silk and was forced to buy it overpriced. Turks had silk and proposed it to Byzantines at a bargain price. This article contains the view of the problems of relationship between European Byzantine and Asian Nomadic civilizations in terms of Byzantine author. Previously the Russian translation of Menander Protector was done in the middle of the 19th century by Spiridon Destunis. However, his translation was fragmented and unprofessional containing many imprecisions. Our versions have many rectifications and important comments to some elements of Nomadic and Byzantine style of life. This research should help to understand some part of life, customs and diplomacy of ancient Turks.

The schemata of the stars Byzantine astronomy from 1300 A.D.

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Paschos, E A

1998-01-01

Most of the knowledge of ancient Greek science survived through Byzantine codices. A short Byzantine article, extant in three manuscripts, contains advanced astronomical ideas and pre-Copernican diagrams; it presents improvements on ancient and medieval astronomy. This important book includes the edited version and translation of the text and analyzes its content. It surveys the development of astronomical models from Ptolemy to Byzantium and compares them mathematically with several works of Arab astronomers, as well as with the heliocentric system of Copernicus and Newton.

The 'Byzantinisms' of king Stefan Radoslav

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Maksimović Ljubomir

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The life-style and politics of Stefan Radoslav bear the mark of activities that indicated his special attachment to the Byzantine world. These activities were prompted by a combination of ideological ambitions and political reality, but they were not in keeping with the modest achievements of Radoslav's reign. Moreover, most of these activities belong to the time when Radoslav was heir to the throne. There is no doubt that Stefan Nemanjić the Grand Zhupan and subsequently the first crowned king, had exclusive connections with the Byzantine dynasty of the Angeloi, especially with the emperor Alexios III (1195-1203. In that context, the donor's inscription in the basic ring of the dome in the Church of the Mother of God in Studenica (1208, in which his father Stefan Nemanja, is mentioned as (former 'veleslavni gospodin vse srbske zemlje veli(ki župan i svat cara grčkog kir Alesija', is quite indicative. This ideological construction would acquire a contour in reality by means of a political marriage with one of the female offspring of Angeloi lineage, which would represent an alternative solution to Stefan's failed marriage with Eudocia, daughter of the emperor Alexios. Instead, several years elapsed in waging war with the Latins, the Bulgarians and the State of Epiros. However, efforts to create firmer, more tangible ties with the Angeloi dynasty from Epiros were not forgotten. Therefore, the Serbian monarch brought his eldest son Radoslav into play, intending to have him act as a link with the Angeloi bloodline. As a result of all this, the final attempt to have Radoslav become the husband of a princess from the Angelos dynasty is not surprising. At the end of 1219 or the beginning of 1220, he married Anna Doukaina, the daughter of the epirotic ruler Theodore I Angelos Doukas Komnenos, which at that point represented a marriage connection of the highest possible level between two ruling houses. Stefan's insistence on Serbia acquiring a stake

Western European influences on Post-Byzantine panel painting technique through binding media identification

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Kouloumpi, E.; Lawson, G.; Pavlidis, B.

2006-01-01

Post-Byzantine is called the period after the invasion of the Ottomans in Constantinople, the capital of Byzantium in 1453, which lasted until the establishment of the first Greek State in 1836. The Post - Byzantine era is one of the most important artistic periods of the Neo-Hellenic Pictorial Art, since, through cultural exchanges with Western Europe, it sets the fundaments for oil painting. The thematology changes from religious to civil, the technique changes from egg yolk to egg-oil emulsion in order to end up to pure oil painting and finally, it opens 'the gates' for the modern artistic movements of the world. The current research is focused on the study of the effects of western influences on the technique and pictorial characteristics of the post-Byzantine icons by the study of any changes in the pigment's binding media through scientific analyses (SEM-EDX, micro-FTIR and GC), as well as of any changes in the painting style of the icons through comparison with both Byzantine and western painting standards. Research never ends and the results of this work give rise to further analysis, in order to throw some light to this transitional period of art. (Author)

Croatian Pilgrimages to Loreto from the 5000 Documents of the "Croatian Maritime Regesta" in the 18th Century - vol. I

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Zrinka Podhraški Čizmek

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a small part of the pilgrimages undertaken by Croats during the 18th century across the Adriatic Sea to Loreto. The pilgrimages are described as a sui generis phenomenon of all human and religious societies. The history of the Catholic pilgrimage is analyzed through the perspective of common roots with Judaism and Islam, and the subsequent differentiation from other Christian confessions. Relations of the Croats with overseas territories since the 14th century are described, as well as their settlement in the hinterland of Ancona: Recanati and Loreto. The story of the Shrine of the Our Lady of Loreto is presented, the ties with the Croats settled there, and the foundation of a special seminary for Croats in 1580: the Illyrian College. During the review of the 4,890 documentary sources of volume I of the Croatian Maritime Regesta, a smaller segment of sources was found from the State Archive of Venice on the subject of pilgrimages. These sources list 44 pilgrimages from various locations on the Croatian coast. The types of ships they traveled on, the origin of the passengers, their number, organization in groups, the time of pilgrimage and the time of the year in which they occurred are analyzed. The most numerous pilgrims are from Lošinj (Lussino, followed by Cres (Cherso, Dugi Otok (Isola Lunga, Rovinj (Rovigno, Labin (Albona, Korčula (Curzola, Zadar (Zara and Vis (Lissa.This work is a contribution to the study of the links between the two sides of the Adriatic in the 18th century, which requires further publication and analysis of documentary sources.

A New Pilgrimage in Portugal: Following the Steps of Saint Nuno

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Carla Braga

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Tourism is an ever-changing reality. Pilgrimages need different stimuli to attract new followers. In this context we propose to create an itinerary following the steps of Saint Nuno of Santa Maria, canonized in 2009. Nuno Álvares Pereira was the real name of Saint Nuno, who was granted the title Constable of Portugal, and became a historic legend in the independence wars of Portugal during the political crisis of 1383-1385. After fighting against the power of Castile (Spain he decided to devote his life to religion as a Carmelite Friar. He represents the perfect hero of the Middle Ages - associating military prowess with a religious character. Our proposal is to create a religious itinerary based on facts of Saint Nuno’s life, so that any visitor may easily discover the country following the steps of this saint who was deeply devoted to the Virgin - in fact, all temples he founded and restored were dedicated to Our Lady. One of his most famous foundations is the Carmelite Convent in Lisbon, which long after his death was an outstanding popular pilgrimage place, and today is still a strong visitor attraction. This exploratory study is based on literature review and text analyses about religious tourism, itinerary design and the life of the saint. The fieldwork includes acknowledging the different sites related to the saint. We believe that it is possible to create an original religious itinerary in Portugal, which will attract not only foreigners but also domestic visitors, increasing the ‘Production and Consumption of the Pilgrimage Tourism Experience’.

Accessibility improvement interventions realised in Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, Greece

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Aristotelis Naniopoulos

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Purpose – Access to culture is a fundamental right of people with disabilities and a significant aspect in the development of accessible tourism. A visit to a monument provides an authentic experience which cannot be substituted by any representation. However, any interventions to improve accessibility should be made carefully, so as not to alter the monument�s character, or damage it visually or structurally. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical approach model was defined in the PROSPELASIS project for the improvement of accessibility in monuments which was applied in Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki. This approach contains the following steps: evaluation of existing accessibility level; definition of alternative solutions; creation of final studies, approval by archaeological authorities and implementation of interventions. Findings – In six major Byzantine monuments significant improvements were realized which include: installation of two lifts and creation of a new staircase at Acheiropoietos; creation of a metal bridge, a new staircase and installation of a lift at Rotunda; opening of the secondary gate and creation of a ramp at the Heptapyrgion fortress; creation of an accessible toilet at the Saint Demetrios church; installation in the six monuments of a WiFi system providing text and audible information as well as information in Greek and International Sign Language; creation of two tactile models; creation of a �cultural route� connecting three major Byzantine monuments. Originality/value – For the first time, to the knowledge, a set of interventions has been realized in Byzantine monuments focusing on various categories of people with disabilities, i.e. motor, visual, hearing and cognitive.

Religious Landscape and Ecological Ethics: Pilgrimage to the Lithuanian Calvaries

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Darius Liutikas

2015-07-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the ecology of pilgrimage at the Calvaries – Ways of the Cross – in Lithuania. Personal obligations to nature and respect of sacred place intermingle with devotional practices and certain rituals. Large scale arrivals at the Calvaries only occurs at certain times of year, mostly during the Indulgence Feasts. Devotional practices such as meditation on the suffering of Christ, prayers and hymns, playing musical instruments, washing one’s face at the Cedron spring are quite common during the Way. Research shows that walking the Way of the Cross doesn’t cause negative environmental, cultural and social impacts. Moreover, pilgrimage could be beneficial to local communities - providing opportunities to sell handcraft products, to meet relatives and friends. Visiting Calvaries is a religious act restrained by time: usually it takes about 3-4 hours to undertake the Stations of the Cross, about one hour to celebrate Holy Mass, and up to one hour at the market place buying religious memorabilia and other souvenirs.

Abandonment of terminally ill patients in the Byzantine era. An ancient tradition?

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Lascaratos, J; Poulakou-Rebelakou, E; Marketos, S

1999-06-01

Our research on the texts of the Byzantine historians and chroniclers revealed an apparently curious phenomenon, namely, the abandonment of terminally ill emperors by their physicians when the latter realised that they could not offer any further treatment. This attitude tallies with the mentality of the ancient Greek physicians, who even in Hippocratic times thought the treatment and care of the terminally ill to be a challenge to nature and hubris to the gods. Nevertheless, it is a very curious attitude in the light of the concepts of the Christian Byzantine physicians who, according to the doctrines of the Christian religion, should have been imbued with the spirit of philanthropy and love for their fellowmen. The meticulous analysis of three examples of abandonment of Byzantine emperors, and especially that of Alexius I Comnenus, by their physicians reveals that this custom, following ancient pagan ethics, in those times took on a ritualised form without any significant or real content.

Legendary genealogies of Byzantine Emperors and their families

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Krsmanović Bojana T.

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Theoretically, the Byzantine Emperor was, just like in the times of the Roman Empire, chosen on the basis of his personal qualities and merits — by the grace of God, of course. Practically, the factors which determined the ascension of a person to the throne were much more complex, the methods of gaining power being multifarious. In consequence, the political philosophy was confronted with the question of whether it is virtue (aretç or origin (génoz that defines an Emperor. Independently of this rather theoretical question, however, and despite the claims that the personal qualities are decisive in the choice of the Emperor, the origin of the ruler played an important role in the consciousness of the Byzantines of all epochs. This is why great attention was paid to the creation of family trees, especially in the cases when the Emperor was of low origin (homo novus or when it was for some reason necessary to strengthen his legitimacy. The choice of the genealogy was not random: since it carried a clear political message, it was of utmost importance with whom the Emperor in power would be associated and whose historical deeds or legendary personality would serve as a moral model. Also important is the fact that the search of a "good family" was as a rule triggered by the need to confirm one's own virtue. Thus, genealogies often reflect a certain system of values, usually emphasizing morality, courage in war, care for the welfare of the country, piety, etc. The choice of the archetype depended, of course, on the needs of the ruler for whom the genealogy was created. All this allows us to consider legendary genealogies as an expression of the imperial ideology. Notwithstanding their chronological diversity, the Byzantine imperial genealogies display very similar characteristics, i.e. they contain stereotypical elements, many of which had been established already in the first centuries of the Eastern Empire. In the early Byzantine period, when

Gynaecomastia and scrotal rhacosis: two aesthetic surgical operations for men in Byzantine times.

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Papadakis, Marios; Manios, Andreas; de Bree, Eelco; Trompoukis, Constantinos; Tsiftsis, Dimitris D

2010-08-01

Nowadays, as in the past, much attention is paid to aesthetic operations in women, while only infrequently have such operations been referred to in males. Generally, male aesthetic surgery was introduced to surgical practise during the 19th century. In this study, we analysed the practise of such operations in Byzantine times and in other ancient cultures with surgical knowledge, i.e. ancient India and China The sixth book of Paul of Aegina's "Epitome of Medicine" was studied for description of aesthetic operations in males in the Byzantine period, since this book is completely devoted to surgery and is generally considered to be the most important reference for surgery in Byzantine times. The original text and its excellent translation by Francis Adams were used. References concerning aesthetic operations for males were identified. Accordingly, historical work and reviews on plastic surgery in ancient India and China were studied. Mainly, two aesthetic surgical procedures for males in the Byzantine period were identified. These two procedures comprise gynaecomastia and rhacosis (scrotal relaxation). Two different techniques were reported for the surgical management of gynaecomastia, through sub-mammary or supra-mammary access. Two procedures were noted for rhacosis, for which Paul of Aegina reproduced the respective chapters from Leonides' and Antyllus' works. Evidence supporting male aesthetic surgery in ancient India and China or elsewhere was not found. Despite the dubious aesthetic result, the existence of different aesthetic surgical techniques in males substantiate the advanced level of surgery achieved by physicians in the Byzantine period. Copyright 2010 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Byzantine-fault tolerant self-stabilizing protocol for distributed clock synchronization systems

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Malekpour, Mahyar R. (Inventor)

2010-01-01

A rapid Byzantine self-stabilizing clock synchronization protocol that self-stabilizes from any state, tolerates bursts of transient failures, and deterministically converges within a linear convergence time with respect to the self-stabilization period. Upon self-stabilization, all good clocks proceed synchronously. The Byzantine self-stabilizing clock synchronization protocol does not rely on any assumptions about the initial state of the clocks. Furthermore, there is neither a central clock nor an externally generated pulse system. The protocol converges deterministically, is scalable, and self-stabilizes in a short amount of time. The convergence time is linear with respect to the self-stabilization period.

HANS GEORG BECKAND BYZANTINE THEOLOGY. ON THE OCCASION OF THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH

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PETER SCHREINER

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The life of Hans Georg Beck may be divided into two parts. Until 1944, he was known by his religious name of Hildebrand as a Benedictine monk and priest and was the product of a thorough theological education. He then abandoned both the priesthood and the Church and began a university career devoted to Byzantine studies, eventually emerging as one of the most outstanding authorities in his fi eld. In spite of this all, theology remained for him a principle focus of his interest and it guided his entire academic work, even when it was really not expected to play a role. Beck obviously did not want to be theologian but he did much to convince others that “Byzantine studies without any knowledge of Byzantine theology and the Church in the Byzantine Empire is quite a hopeless aff air, however hard one may try”

Pilgrimage: Intrinsic Motivation and Active Behavior in the Eldery

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Eichberg Henning

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Can intrinsic religious motivation have relevant effects on the motor activity of older people? How are processions and pilgrimages related to the dominant imagination of old age as a period of fatigue and gray hair, suffering and loneliness, retirement and rest – and of waiting: waiting for a call from a loved one, waiting for the visit of a good companion, or, finally, expecting the end of life?

Les aspects matériels de la taxis byzantine The material aspects of the Byzantine taxis

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Marie‑France Auzépy

2008-06-01

Full Text Available La taxis grecque – correspondant exact de l’ordo latin – est un aspect essentiel de la civilisation byzantine : elle organise cette société de manière à ce que celle-ci soit un reflet aussi exact que possible de la société céleste, décrite en particulier par Denys l’Aréopagite. La taxis est donc à la fois précise et contraignante et nous a été transmise dans des livres décrivant le protocole : le De Cerimoniis au Xe siècle, le Traité du pseudo-Kodinos au XIVe siècle. Au cours de cérémonies où tous les aspects matériels – l’habit, la couronne, le trône, les acclamations à la gloire de l’empereur, l’orgue qui les accompagne, les gestes accomplis par l’empereur comme par ceux qui l’entourent – ont un sens, l’Empire byzantin affirme ainsi son équilibre et sa qualité de peuple élu. Jusqu’en 1204, les autres nations ont jalousé la qualité que s’était octroyée l’Empire romain d’Orient : celle d’image de la cour céleste, qui est figurée dans le cérémonial. Cette jalousie a pris d’autres formes après 1453, et l’on s’intéressera aux souverains européens qui, tel Louis XIV, ont voulu faire figure d’héritiers de l’empire défunt et relever ses cérémonies.The Greek taxis(order– the exact equivalent of the Latin ordo – is an essential aspect of Byzantine civilization: it organized society in such a way that it would reflect the celestial society as closely as possible, as has been described by Dionysius the Areopagite. The taxis is therefore both precise and restrictive and has been passed down to us through writings describing the protocol: the De Cerimoniis in the tenth century and the treatise of Pseudo-Kodinos in the fourteenth century. Through ceremonies in which all the material aspects have a meaning – the dress, the crown, the throne, the proclaiming of the glory of the emperor, the accompanying organ, the gestures of the emperor and of those around

«O Sancta Haera». Pilgrims and Pilgrimage in the Sanctuary of Sainte Foy at Conques

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Marco Papasidero

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The Liber miraculorum Sancte Fidis, written during the XI century, partially by Bernard of Angers, describes miracles, healings and rituals practiced in the sanctuary of Sainte Foy at Conques, martyr of the beginning of the IV century.The Liber allows us to analyze the anthropological and religious dimension of the pilgrims and their pilgrimage. As a matter of fact, through the descriptions of the pilgrims, their gestures, their aspects, their words, their ritual practices by the tomb, their rich or poor offerings, we can analyze the dimension of the Medieval pilgrimage as a specific case study, which can help us describe the idea of pilgrimage in Medieval West Europe and specifically in this sanctuary.Furthermore, through the reading of the accounts of miracle stories, we can analyze the healing ritual practices, the miraculous dimension of this cult and the Sainte’s ability to treat diseases. The center of the Conques cult was – and remains – the Majesty of Sainte Foy, a reliquary statue in which the power (virtus/dynamis of the saint’s relics is concentrated.

THE ANDREIOS EUNUCH-COMMANDER NARSES: SIGN OF A DECOUPLING OF MARTIAL VIRTUES AND MASCULINITY IN THE EARLY BYZANTINE EMPIRE?

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Michael Edward Stewart

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The sixth-century Byzantine general Narses (478-573 has long earned historians’ respect. This acclaim is deserved since his major victories over the Goths in 552 and versus the Franks and Alamanni in 554, helped to secure the Emperor Justinian I’s (ruled 527-565 reconquest of Italy. So too did Narses perform admirably for twelve years in his role as prefect of Italy. Of course, it has always been important to emphasize that Narses was a eunuch. Indeed, for many modern historians, Narses’ identity as a castrate is more important for study than his military deeds and political achievements that proved ephemeral. For some, the presence of a eunuch in such an essential military role indicates a turning away from codes of generalship based on traditional martial courage and manliness. This paper questions such a view. It suggests that Byzantium had a much more flexible notion of the gender status of eunuchs than some recent scholarship allows. Indeed, I will show that Narses fits into a continuing hegemony of traditional masculine values based on the supremacy of Byzantine men’s martial virtues.

Experiences in adapting post-byzantine chant into foreign languages: Research and praxis

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Olkinuora Jaakko

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This article presents the current state of the research and practical methodology of the adaptation of Byzantine melodies written in the “New Method” into foreign languages, with Romanian, English and Finnish serving as examples. The adaptation of independent, “fixed” melodies as well as metrical liturgical texts (prosomoia and canons are examined. The challenges emerging in adapting Byzantine chant into Finnish are also discussed. The author also suggests some future subjects for research, which include the synthesis of examining arrangements in both “Old” and “New Method”.

Notes on byzantine Panagiaria

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Drpić Ivan

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The article offers some new insights into the significance and function of Byzantine panagiaria, small-scale containers for the bread sanctified in honor of the Virgin in a rite known as the Elevation of the Panagia. This rite, it is argued, was not limited to monastic and courtly contexts or to routine liturgical observance, as is often assumed, but could be performed by the laity as well. Proposing that the use of panagiaria as personal devotional instruments was fairly common in Byzantium, the article explores the interplay between the design, materiality, epigraphic enhancement, and ritual and devotional use of these objects.

A Japanese media pilgrimage to a Tasmanian bakery

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Craig Norris

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A small bakery in regional Tasmania, Australia, has been reimagined as a pop culture destination by Japanese tourists who claim it is the inspiration for a key location in the anime Kiki's Delivery Service. To understand how and why Japanese tourists have located this bakery in the imaginary world of Kiki, two processes are explored: the media pilgrimage, where fans bridge their ordinary reality and enter the special media world, and the media scaffold, where Kiki becomes a way to interpret the world around them.

[Byzantine therapeutics in the Ottoman world].

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Varella, E A

1999-01-01

The medical literature of the greek speaking ottoman world was deeply influenced by its byzantine heritage: the major authors were copied and commented, while practical manuals containing recipes and therapies - the iatrosophia- kept being enlarged with useful information. Furthermore, during the first centuries hospitals closely followed the models of their glorious past in what concerns architecture, scientific level, means and targets. In fact, only the years after 1770 rely on occidental academic knowledge and adopt modern conceptions.

Cucurbits depicted in Byzantine mosaics from Israel, 350–600 ce

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Avital, Anat; Paris, Harry S.

2014-01-01

Background and Aims Thousands of floor mosaics were produced in lands across the Roman and Byzantine empires. Some mosaics contain depictions of agricultural produce, potentially providing useful information concerning the contemporary presence and popularity of crop plants in a particular geographical region. Hundreds of floor mosaics produced in Israel during the Byzantine period have survived. The objective of the present work was to search these mosaics for Cucurbitaceae in order to obtain a more complete picture of cucurbit crop history in the eastern Mediterranean region. Results and Conclusions Twenty-three mosaics dating from 350–600 ce were found that had images positively identifiable as cucurbits. The morphological diversity of the cucurbit fruits in the mosaics of Israel is greater than that appearing in mosaics from any other Roman or Byzantine provincial area. The depicted fruits vary in shape from oblate to extremely long, and some are furrowed, others are striped and others lack definite markings. The cucurbit taxa depicted in the mosaics are Cucumis melo (melon), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Luffa aegyptiaca (sponge gourd) and Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd). Cucumis melo is the most frequently found taxon in the mosaics and is represented by round dessert melons and long snake melons. Fruits of at least two cultivars of snake melons and of watermelons are represented. To our knowledge, images of sponge gourds have not been found in Roman and Byzantine mosaics elsewhere. Indeed, the mosaics of Israel contain what are probably the oldest depictions of Luffa aegyptiaca in Mediterranean lands. Sponge gourds are depicted often, in 11 of the mosaics at eight localities, and the images include both mature fruits, which are useful for cleaning and washing, and immature fruits, which are edible. Only one mosaic has images positively identifiable as of bottle gourds, and these were round–pyriform and probably used as vessels. PMID:24948671

Cucurbits depicted in Byzantine mosaics from Israel, 350-600 ce.

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Avital, Anat; Paris, Harry S

2014-08-01

Thousands of floor mosaics were produced in lands across the Roman and Byzantine empires. Some mosaics contain depictions of agricultural produce, potentially providing useful information concerning the contemporary presence and popularity of crop plants in a particular geographical region. Hundreds of floor mosaics produced in Israel during the Byzantine period have survived. The objective of the present work was to search these mosaics for Cucurbitaceae in order to obtain a more complete picture of cucurbit crop history in the eastern Mediterranean region. Twenty-three mosaics dating from 350-600 ce were found that had images positively identifiable as cucurbits. The morphological diversity of the cucurbit fruits in the mosaics of Israel is greater than that appearing in mosaics from any other Roman or Byzantine provincial area. The depicted fruits vary in shape from oblate to extremely long, and some are furrowed, others are striped and others lack definite markings. The cucurbit taxa depicted in the mosaics are Cucumis melo (melon), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Luffa aegyptiaca (sponge gourd) and Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd). Cucumis melo is the most frequently found taxon in the mosaics and is represented by round dessert melons and long snake melons. Fruits of at least two cultivars of snake melons and of watermelons are represented. To our knowledge, images of sponge gourds have not been found in Roman and Byzantine mosaics elsewhere. Indeed, the mosaics of Israel contain what are probably the oldest depictions of Luffa aegyptiaca in Mediterranean lands. Sponge gourds are depicted often, in 11 of the mosaics at eight localities, and the images include both mature fruits, which are useful for cleaning and washing, and immature fruits, which are edible. Only one mosaic has images positively identifiable as of bottle gourds, and these were round-pyriform and probably used as vessels. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of

Embracing complexity: the post-secular pilgrimage of Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt

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Ruth Illman

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the phenomenon of pilgrimage as a personal transformative process; an exploration of spiritual space rather than a journey undertaken to a physical place. The analysis focuses on the life story and authorship of the novelist and playwright Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt (b. 1960. Schmitt began his career as an academic philosopher specialised in enlightenment rationality. A mystical experience in the deserts of Sahara, however, opened his eyes to the spiritual dimensions of reality and encouraged him to redirect his professional strivings from academic writing to fiction. Today, Schmitt has reached a world-wide audience with his plays and novels on interreligious dialogue, especially the series of five short novellas called Le cycle d’Invisible. These narratives all deal with inter-religious encounters in a complex and compassionate way as Schmitt is particularly concerned with preserving the mystery of the situations he describes. The atheist conviction of his previous life has thus given way to an agnostic and mystically inspired world view focusing on diversity, divinity and inexplicability: “I am obsessed with complexity”, as he puts it himself. The presentation is based on ethnographic material, and key themes to be addressed include pilgrimage as a spiritual journey, interreligious encounters and mystical experiences.

Cosmological Symbolism in the Decorative Cycles of Mid-Byzantine Churches

Science.gov (United States)

Shrimplin, V.

2016-01-01

Fundamental links between theology and astronomy are widely reflected in the Judaeo-Christian tradition. From Genesis to Revelation, the great mysteries of the beginning and end of the universe, and the cycles of birth and death of individuals, are explained in terms of cosmological concepts. These are in turn reflected in art and architecture and nowhere more broadly, perhaps, than in Byzantine architecture and decoration. Following the Iconoclast prohibition of images in the Orthodox church (726-843), the mid-Byzantine period (843-1204) witnessed the primacy of the representation of the heavens in art and architecture. Reinforced by such writers as Cosmas Indicopleustes and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, not only were individual images reflective of the heavens (nativity and rebirth at the winter solstice, and rebirth/resurrection at the spring equinox) but entire cycles of church decoration were devised so as to reflect the ordering of God's universe. The architecture and decoration of the quintessential mid-Byzantine cross-in-square church was symbolic itself of the universe, as at Hosios Loukas and Daphni (eleventh century). From the location of the Pantocrator in the central celestial dome, to the descending zones of squinches and pendentives and the lowest earthly zones, decorative schemes are used to reflect the view of the sky/heavens above earth. Hierarchical systems depicting the life of Christ and ascending/descending ranks of saints and angels were rigorously adhered to, with Mary in the apse as bridge between heaven and earth.

Late Byzantine mineral soda high alumina glasses from Asia Minor: a new primary glass production group.

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Nadine Schibille

Full Text Available The chemical characterisation of archaeological glass allows the discrimination between different glass groups and the identification of raw materials and technological traditions of their production. Several lines of evidence point towards the large-scale production of first millennium CE glass in a limited number of glass making factories from a mixture of Egyptian mineral soda and a locally available silica source. Fundamental changes in the manufacturing processes occurred from the eight/ninth century CE onwards, when Egyptian mineral soda was gradually replaced by soda-rich plant ash in Egypt as well as the Islamic Middle East. In order to elucidate the supply and consumption of glass during this transitional period, 31 glass samples from the assemblage found at Pergamon (Turkey that date to the fourth to fourteenth centuries CE were analysed by electron microprobe analysis (EPMA and by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS. The statistical evaluation of the data revealed that the Byzantine glasses from Pergamon represent at least three different glass production technologies, one of which had not previously been recognised in the glass making traditions of the Mediterranean. While the chemical characteristics of the late antique and early medieval fragments confirm the current model of glass production and distribution at the time, the elemental make-up of the majority of the eighth- to fourteenth-century glasses from Pergamon indicate the existence of a late Byzantine glass type that is characterised by high alumina levels. Judging from the trace element patterns and elevated boron and lithium concentrations, these glasses were produced with a mineral soda different to the Egyptian natron from the Wadi Natrun, suggesting a possible regional Byzantine primary glass production in Asia Minor.

Holy Places and Pilgrimage in the Post-Socialist Bulgaria (Karamihova, 2014 [In Bulgarian

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S. Antova

2014-12-01

Full Text Available After the communist regime in Bulgaria, the interest of the people to religion was revived. Many of anthropological dimensions with religious nature are considered in Karamihova’s book (2014. Religious tourism and places of pilgrimages are described. The dynamics of this new social development is studied.

The Byzantine Chant Heritage in Sicily

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sanfratello, Giuseppe

historical development, and function as marker of identity among the Arbëreshe community in Sicily. Therefore, the Byzantine chant heritage in Sicily is not an inflexible and static musical tradition, but it envisages a dynamic mode of existence, susceptible to changes, and maintained by interior principles...... of organisation. After five centuries of oral transmission, it still lives, despite, or maybe thanks to the lack of ‘original’ written sources, and it might thus be seen as a multi-layered musical tradition, featuring multiple versions and encompassing a certain degree of melodic heterogeneity....

A refreshing alternative to the pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulchre: the monumental burials of Christ in France (XVth-XVIth centuries

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Elsa Karsallah

2016-06-01

Full Text Available In the 1420’s in France some groups of sculptures appeared representing the life-size burial of Christ. These monumental “Entombments” experienced a strong expansion from the mid-15th century until approximately 1520, in France as well in bordering regions such as Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. From the end of the 19th century they were studied in a primarily stylistic perspective while the problem of their functions and uses have been addressed only very recently. The intent here is to appraise the hypothesis according to which they would have served as substitutes in a spiritual pilgrimage. First the study considers the situation of the pilgrimage in the Holy Land during the 15th century, then it analyzes the relationships between images and indulgences. Finally it ends with the examination of a number of burials accompanied by indulgences, that could be utilised as supports of a spiritual pilgrimage.

Traces of 'Simple Psalmody' in late- and post-Byzantine musical manuscripts. Melodic, modal and textual analysis of the Kekragarion tradition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sanfratello, Giuseppe

2017-01-01

The study of the Kekragarion chant tradition has over time become an important aspect of Byzantine musicology, especially regarding the development of “simple psalmody”. Simple psalmody describes the functional side of Byzantine “psalm tones”, pointing out a set of recurrent behaviours in the ada......The study of the Kekragarion chant tradition has over time become an important aspect of Byzantine musicology, especially regarding the development of “simple psalmody”. Simple psalmody describes the functional side of Byzantine “psalm tones”, pointing out a set of recurrent behaviours......, but for the actual analysis two manuscripts representing the Kekragaria versions contained in the whole group of manuscripts were selected for transcription. My survey shows how the melodic tradition of the late medieval Kekragarion has been partly maintained and partly developed over four centuries, and it also...

New Trends of Pilgrimage: Religion and Tourism, Authenticity and Innovation, Development and Intercultural Dialogue: Notes from the Diary of a Pilgrim of Santiago

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Corinto Gian

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The characteristics of our society are often contradictory. Despite the "liquidity" theorized by Bauman, aspects and practices deeply related (in appearance and/or in substance with spirituality hold great importance in our days. Among these practices, we found the pilgrimages. In this article we analyse this phenomenon in one of its best-known forms, the religious pilgrimage, in particular that of the Camino de Santiago. Today this forms of “travelling”, the pilgrimage, is studied as a tourism product and a vehicle of local development, and many studies already analysed the profiles and the motivations of the “new pilgrims”, as well as their economic impacts. Nevertheless, we felt the necessity to meet directly the pilgrims and share this experience with them without any filter. We became part of them, by addressing their perception toward their overall experience, using a qualitative approach based on direct observation and unstructured interviews. We collected data during a 400 kilometres walk towards Santiago de Compostela, which enabled us to create a clear overview on this specific, increasing phenomenon: a pilgrimage between religion and tourism, authenticity and innovation, local development and intercultural dialogue.

Chants of the Byzantine Rite: the Italo-Albanian Tradition in Sicily / Canti Ecclesiastici della Tradizione Italo-Albanese in Sicilia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Troelsgård, Christian; Garofalo, Girolamo

Chants of the Byzantine Rite: The Italo-Albanian Tradition in Sicily offers for the first time transcriptions of the full repertory of orally transmitted hymns for the celebration of the Byzantine Rite in Sicily. This little-known chant tradition has without interruption been cultivated by the Al...

Short Notes on the Prosopography of the Byzantine Theme of Koloneia (Part I

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Pantelis CHARALAMPAKIS

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This study, the first part of two, presents short notes and comments on the officials of the Byzantine theme of Koloneia. Two Byzantine lead seals are published here for the first time. One belongs to Leon, krites of Koloneia, the other to Michael, anagrapheus and krites of Koloneia and Sebasteia. The lost inscription of Ioannes, droungarios of Koloneia is also presented here, together with a previously unnoticed reference to another droungarios in the Passio of the 42 Martyrs of Amorion. The lists of the kritai and strategoi of Koloneia are completed on the basis of recently discovered and published, but also unpublished evidence.

Water and Gender in Recreating Family Life with Maa Ganga: The Confluence of Nature and Culture in a North Indian River Pilgrimage

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Catrien Notermans

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This article studies the meaning of water and gender in the North Indian pilgrimage to the sacred river Ganges. It joins the recent criticism in anthropology concerning the nature/culture divide and aims to transcend that divide by focusing on water, not apart from but as part of social life. Assuming that water’s sociality is gendered, the authors look at how both the river water—itself as a landscape material—and the pilgrims’ engagements with that water are gendered. Starting from the central question: How do men’s and women’s ritual engagements with the sacred female river water (mutually construct social life? The article investigates men’s and women’s ritual use of water at different sites. It focuses on more than the central pilgrimage shrine and links the sacred river site to people’s homes to know how the moving river water, collected by pilgrims at the shrine, is used in water rituals back home. Trying to counterbalance the male and scriptural bias which is prominent in the literature on Ganges’ pilgrimage sites, the pilgrimage is studied from the perspective of lived religion that takes people’s embodied practices and sensory experiences of nature into account as well as people’s everyday life. By showing how men’s and women’s rituals differ and complement each other, it argues that men’s rituals at the pilgrimage site and women’s rituals at home serve the recreation of the family in a paired way. The argument is built on longitudinal and multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork at the Ganges river shrine in Haridwar (Uttarakhand and pilgrims’ residence in Udaipur (Rajasthan.

Ritual Journey and Symbolic Journey. Elements of Pilgrimage to the Sufi Saints’ Shrines in Hyderabad

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Valdinoci, Mauro

2008-01-01

Roč. 3, - (2008), s. 201-234 ISSN 1970-951X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z9021901 Keywords : Islam * saint * pilgrimage Subject RIV: AD - Politology ; Political Sciences http://www.fupress.net/index.php/rss/article/download/3175/2787

Two hegemonies, one island: Cyprus as a “Middle Ground” between the Byzantines and the Arabs (650-850 A.D.

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Luca Zavagno

2013-10-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to assess the political and cultural status of the island of Cyprus as the only place within the Mediterranean where Christian heirs of Romans and Muslims shared the local tax revenue to create a buffer zone between two empires. Geographically isolated between the Constantinopolitan and Damascene hegemonies, and marginalized by emperors and caliphs alike, the development of Cyprus was destined to take a unique, perhaps problematic, trajectory. Detailed examination of archaeological material (seals, coins, ceramics and material artifacts suggests a different interpretative scheme to the one traditionally adopted to interpret the declining fate of Cyprus after the Muslim raids and the occupation of Syria and Palestine. Instead, I propose, Cyprus and its cities were still active from late antiquity to the early middle ages, preserving a variable but still traceable degree of economic vitality (benefitting from the circulation of Byzantine and Arab coinage, which infers the maintenance of complex political, commercial and cultural relations (implicit in issues of imagery and prototypes of coins between the Byzantine Empire and the Umayyad Caliphate.

A Comparative Study About Cost of the Pilgrimage Characteristics-Based Rupiah and Dinar (Survey on Pt. Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch Bandung and Dinar Tauhid Bandung

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Firmansyah Firmansyah

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Hajj is obligatory for Muslims who are able, physically, mentally, and materially. Trend of pilgrims making the Hajj pilgrimage from year to year increase. Due to capacity limitations in Mecca that makes every country of the quota number of people who can perform the pilgrimage every year. Because currencies are pilgrims Indonesia Rupiah (paper money not based on gold / fiat money, then the Hajj planning to use the money amount in at least two uncertainties, the factors of inflation and exchange rate factors (exchange rate. Because these two factors the cost of the pilgrimage (ONH has a tendency to increase every year, up from year to year. increases in the cost of the pilgrimage can be a very significant amount. To fulfill the ONH is one way to save money both in rupiah in PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch Bandung or even saving dinar (4.25 grams of 22 carat gold in Dinar Tauhid Bandung. This study aims to determine the operating system cost of the pilgrimage rupiah based in PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri, operating system cost of pilgrimage Dinar based in Dinar Tauhid Bandung, and the comparison of operating system-based cost of pilgrimage rupiah in PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri with dinar based in the Dinar Tauhid Bandung. Object of research is only one ONH, with different places, there are PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri branch of Bandung and Dinar Tauhid Bandung. In this study, use of comparative research methods. With the type of research is a qualitative study consisting of a definition of Haj savings and the savings contract is used, the mechanism of how to save money, and profit sharing. Primary data obtained from interviews with relevant parties, while the secondary data obtained from books, journals, internet and other literature.Based on the results of research that has been done shows that saving money dinar with the product more profitable m-dinar is free of ONH price inflation rise to an average of 11.21% per year, and the dinar appreciated on

RITMO Y ESPACIO EN LA PINTURA BIZANTINA Rhythm and space in byzantine painting

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Federico José Xamist

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Durante el siglo XX se lleva a cabo una revalorización de la pintura del medioevo heleno, ignorada durante todo el clasicismo europeo. AAnte la constatación de que el espacio representado en la pintura bizantina no reproduce el espacio natural se llega a la conclusión de que las operaciones pictóricas aplicadas por los pintores bizantinos tienen como objeto simbolizar un espacio sobrenatural. En las siguientes líneas intentaremos abrir la problemática del espacio en la pintura bizantina a una interpretación plástica, es decir, intentaremos presentar una lectura de las operaciones pictóricas en cuanto tales siguiendo los planteamientos de Georgos Kordis, profesor de la cátedra Eikonografia de la Facultad de Teología de la Universidad de Atenas y destacado pintor griego. Nuestro objetivo es plantear algunas directrices para introducirnos en la problemática pictórica de la representación del espacio en la pintura bizantina.During the twentieth century is carried out a revaluation of the Hellenic medieval painting, ignored during the European classicism. Given the finding that the space represented in Byzantine painting does not reproduce the natural space leads to the conclusion that painting operations implemented by the Byzantine painters are intended to symbolize a supernatural space. The following lines try to open the question of space in painting plastic Byzantine interpretation, ie to try to present a reading of the painting operations as such, following the approach of Georges Kordis, chair professor of the Faculty Eikonografia Theology of the University of Athens and prominent Greek painter. Our goal is to propose some guidelines for introducing us to the problem of pictorial representation of space in the Byzantine painting.

Sacred byzantine music and its influence on old East Slavic Orthodox music

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Włodzimierz Wołosiuk

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Sacred Byzantine music originates from three sources: “the liturgy of heaven”, synagogue music as well as old Greek theory of music and lays at the bottom of the East Slavs liturgical chant. The tonal base of the Byzantine music formed tetrachords. From them the so called Diatonic mode took shape. It was the easiest and the most popular sound arrangement steming from Greek music. The Cristian Church considered it to be in accordance with its Spirit and needs. From the tetrachords mentioned above other tones were created, namely Doric tones, Lydian, Phrygian and Mixolydian and, together withall their derivatives they gave beginning to the Oktoechos tradition. Byzantine music was flourishing in monasteries and in town areas andmany different forms were elaborated on like troparions, kontakions, stichiry, canons, etc. If one speaks about composers then certainly some names cannot be omitted. These are: St. Anatolius (Patriarchof Constantinople, St. Andrew of Crete, St. Romanos the Melodist,St. Sophronius of Jerusalem and, above all, St. John of Damascus who collected and systematized the liturgical chants creating mentioned Oktoechos. The acceptance of the Greek form of Christianity by Rus’ caused a cultivation of the sacred Greek vocal art on its territory which manifested in a form of so called Znamenny chant. This type of chant was at first similar to the Greek model but later on it moved away from it. Musical notation of the Old East Slavic singing was based on neumes which names in Old East Slavic have changed a little and only few survived. Furthermore, liturgical note books together with their genre and music content have been taken over from Byzantium. Especially visible in the Old East Slavic monody, Byzantine patterns were pervading also the later polyphony which proves they were always current. Moreover, this allows to claim that Rus’ became the real successor of the Greek Orthodox traditions in new circumstances of sacral

The Catholic of Stilo. Survey and analysis of a Byzantine monument.

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Marinella Arena

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The Cattolica di Stilo, one of the greatest monu-ments of Calabria, is the most important example of the secular Byzantine influence on this region. The Greek cross inscribed in a square, with its five domes, denounces his connection with an archi-tectural style of oriental origin. Although built in a remote province of the Empire, the Catho-lic is not the expression of a poor art; all poetics typical of Byzantine architecture are manifested with originality. The first paragraph, written by Domenico Mediati, analyzes the geometries and correlates with contemporary buildings (X-XI cen-tury and similar in size and shape. The second paragraph, written by Marinella Arena, highlights the differences of construction compared to the theoretical form. The third paragraph, written by Daniele Colistra, reviews some representations of the monument trying to identify those who most influenced the collective imagination.

MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE TOURISM FACILITIES WITHIN THE ROMANIAN PILGRIMAGES PLACES

OpenAIRE

?îrca Alexandra-Maria; Stãnciulescu Gabriela Cecilia; Chi? Alexandru

2010-01-01

Religious pilgrimages have a real history as economic generators for the visited areas and the elements of supply involved. Romanian monasteries are experiencing some continuous and constant flows of pilgrims, but, at the same time, they also turned into attractions for mass tourism. The aim of this paper is to identify tourism facilities and to establish their development level. The research method of this study was a questionnaire based survey among more than one hundred monasteries' superi...

The Cultural Landscape Past of the Eastern Mediterranean: The Border Lord’s Gardens and the Common Landscape Tradition of the Arabic and Byzantine Culture

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Konstantinos Moraitis

2018-02-01

Full Text Available An evaluation of landscape tradition, in Near and Middle East area, could emphasize a profound past of agricultural experience, as well as of landscape and garden art. In reference to this common past, Byzantine and Arabic landscape and garden art paradigms appear to be geographically and culturally correlated, as proved by a Byzantine 12th century folksong, presenting the construction of a villa, with its surrounding gardens and landscape formations, in the territory of Euphrates River. This song refers to Vasilios Digenes Akritas or ‘Border Lord’, a legendary hero of mixed Byzantine-Greek and Arab blood; ‘Digenes’ meaning a person of dual genes, both of Byzantine and Arabic origin, and ‘Akritas’ an inhabitant of the borderline. At the end of the narration of the song, contemporary reader feels skeptical. Was modern landscape and garden art born in the European continent or was it transferred to Western world through an eastern originated lineage of Byzantine and Arabic provenance?

Holy land, lost lands, Realpolitik. Imperial Byzantine thinking about Syria and Palestine in the later 10th and 11th centuries

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Shepard, Jonathan

2013-02-01

Full Text Available This study reviews Byzantine attitudes and state policy towards the region between Antioch and Mount Sinai, stressing the general cautiousness of imperial strategy and, from the late tenth century onwards, the government’s preference for peaceful coexistence and commerce with the Fatimid caliphate. Caliph al-Ḥākim’s destruction of the church of the Holy Sepulchre in 1009 did not overturn this state of affairs, and the main bone of contention between Cairo and Constantinople was the city of Aleppo, not Jerusalem. Even here, the two powers were inclined to leave the initiative to local parties, rather than insisting on direct rule, and communications between Muslim and Byzantine-ruled territories were mostly fairly straightforward. During the relative détente of the first half of the eleventh century, pilgrimages to the Holy Land increased, and it may well have been primarily in order to impress pilgrims – those travelling from Byzantium itself, but especially those from the Christian west – that emperors lavished resources on reconstructing the church of the Holy Sepulchre in the 1030s and 1040s. Militant intervention on behalf of the Christian populations of south ern Syria and Palestine was not on their agenda. These conclusions rest on the collation of miscellaneous evidence, whose components are mostly well-known but have seldom received consideration side by side. The study highlights the value of trade to Fatimids and Byzantines alike, the esteem for ‘the holy places’ among Byzantines besides westerners, and the emperors’ desire to demonstrate concern for the Holy Sepulchre without jeopardising relations with the FatimidsEste estudio pasa revista a la política oficial del estado bizantino con respecto a la región situada entre Antioquía y el Monte Sinaí, haciendo énfasis en la prudencia adoptada por lo general en la estrategia imperial así como, a partir de finales del siglo X, en la voluntad del gobierno a favor de

Kashi and Cosmos: Spatial manifestation and the five pilgrimage journeys of Banaras

OpenAIRE

Singh, Rana P.B., PhD, FJF, FAAI, FACLA; Rana, Pravin S

2016-01-01

Historically, Hindu rituals, sacred journeys, festivities, deities and their symmetrical links, have come together to form sacred spatial systems that are still observed by both pilgrims and devotees. These pilgrimage traditions are deeply rooted in local space / place, as well as in the cultural inheritance and mentality of their adherents. This structure is reflected symbolically in the spatial frame of Hinduism in which both complexity and temporal stability meet, mediating between people ...

Digital hajj: the pilgrimage to Mecca in Muslim cyberspace and the issue of religious online authority

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Dominik Schlosser

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper attempts to give an overview of the different representations of the pilgrimage to Mecca found in the ‘liminal space’ of the internet. For that purpose, it examines a handful of emblematic examples of how the hajj is being presented and discussed in cyberspace. Thereby, special attention shall be paid to the question of how far issues of religious authority are manifest on these websites, whether the content providers of web pages appoint themselves as authorities by scrutinizing established views of the fifth pillar of Islam, or if they upload already printed texts onto their sites in order to reiterate normative notions of the pilgrimage to Mecca, or of they make use of search engine optimisation techniques, thus heightening the very visibility of their online presence and increasing the possibility of becoming authoritative in shaping internet surfers’ perceptions of the hajj.

Solida: A Blockchain Protocol Based on Reconfigurable Byzantine Consensus

OpenAIRE

Abraham, Ittai; Malkhi, Dahlia; Nayak, Kartik; Ren, Ling; Spiegelman, Alexander

2018-01-01

The decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin has experienced great success but also encountered many challenges. One of the challenges has been the long confirmation time. Another chal- lenge is the lack of incentives at certain steps of the protocol, raising concerns for transaction withholding, selfish mining, etc. To address these challenges, we propose Solida, a decentralized blockchain protocol based on reconfigurable Byzantine consensus augmented by proof-of-work. Solida improves on Bitcoin...

Solida: A Blockchain Protocol Based on Reconfigurable Byzantine Consensus

OpenAIRE

Abraham, Ittai; Malkhi, Dahlia; Nayak, Kartik; Ren, Ling; Spiegelman, Alexander

2016-01-01

The decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin has experienced great success but also encountered many challenges. One of the challenges has been the long confirmation time. Another challenge is the lack of incentives at certain steps of the protocol, raising concerns for transaction withholding, selfish mining, etc. To address these challenges, we propose Solida, a decentralized blockchain protocol based on reconfigurable Byzantine consensus augmented by proof-of-work. Solida improves on Bitcoin i...

AUGUSTINIAN MODEL IN THE BYZANTINE POLITICAL THINKING. CASE STUDY: THE ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL AUGUSTINISM IN THE CURRENT ROMANIAN MENTALITY

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ANDREI TINU

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The byzantine society, de jure and de facto heir of the Greco-Roman world, has it’s own philosophy, it’s own structure model and policy thinking. Without doubt, for the New Rome this model is that sprang from the Christian teachings, and as a philosophy it harmoniously blends the legacy of the Roman world with Blessed Augustine’s thinking about man and city which itself is a symbiosis between the acquired pagan knowledge and Christian experience of the latter. The Byzantine fortress (The Empire-n.n. will use religion as the main instrument for political and social consolidation. Religion (Christianity – n.n. is, for the Byzantine monarchy , the path to divinity, immortality... The Byzantine Christianity is not just a "phrase invented by them" as in the words of Eminescu, but a complex mechanism which represents the totality of good concepts about the world and about life of the constantinopolitan city.In preparing this study we started from the model offered by St. Augustine, "De Civitate Dei", a model which compares the two types of cities - people's city, with all its flaws, and the City of God, personified by the Church to which the Christian Roman Empire provides the Regnum. Our study tries to reflect how the model of the two cities becomes a political ideology of the Byzantine Empire and, arch over time, how it is manifested in the public and political mind of the Romanian society. This research tries to increase the understanding of the mental archetypes amongst those who are active participants in public life in Romania. However, we want our message to be disseminated in a wider public and to provide the possibility of assimilation, as much as it can, of the participatory political culture. Thus, the study becomes an attempt of reporting the Byzantine society, respectively the current Romanian society, to the model of the three types of political culture offered by Almond and Verba - participatory, parochial and dependent.

MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE TOURISM FACILITIES WITHIN THE ROMANIAN PILGRIMAGES PLACES

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Chis Alexandru

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Religious pilgrimages have a real history as economic generators for the visited areas and the elements of supply involved. Romanian monasteries are experiencing some continuous and constant flows of pilgrims, but, at the same time, they also turned into attractions for mass tourism. The aim of this paper is to identify tourism facilities and to establish their development level. The research method of this study was a questionnaire based survey among more than one hundred monasteries superiors from different regions of Romania, places known as holy destinations for the Romanian religious people.

Outward Bound with Ayyappan: Work, Masculinity, and Self-Respect in a South Indian Pilgrimage Festival

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Elizabeth (Liz Wilson

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The annual pilgrimage festival dedicated to the god Ayyappan has become immensely popular in the past sixty years. As many as fifty million pilgrims participate each year. This paper draws on interviews of pilgrims conducted in South India in 2012–2013. My fieldwork suggests that the increasing popularity of the event relates to the contemporary South Indian work environment, an environment in which traditional gender roles are being reshaped by the challenges posed by migration for work opportunities. Interviews of English-speaking pilgrims show that their interpretations of the pilgrimage festival highlight the complexities of manhood in a time of rapidly changing work roles for men and women. Specifically, my fieldwork demonstrates that pilgrims perceive Ayyappan as a source of aid for those who struggle to succeed as financial providers and heads of the family unit. Pilgrims anxious about the loss of traditional models of masculinity amidst rapid change find solace in the blessings the god Ayyappan yields.

Tradition and modernity in Marques of Tarifa pilgrimage to Jerusalem: Influence on the cultural heritage of Seville

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María Encarnación Cambil Henández

2015-12-01

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Tradition and modernity that characterizes the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age in Spain, will be reflected in the pilgrimage trips to the Holy Land. During the sixteenth century, Christians travelers who came on pilgrimage to Jerusalem did their tour with a fundamentally religious and devotional interest. But he was not alone, as he joined other interests as the search of adventure, knowledge and business. During the journey, the pilgrim, full of emotion and spirituality, visiting shrines and relics for indulgences necessary for the good die and attain eternal life. However, during the return trip, and become traveler, carrying out other planned objectives becoming an experience that would later reflected in their environment and heritage. In this paper we analyze the stay of the Marquis of Tarifa in Jerusalem and his return trip to Seville, for his experience during these sections of the trip will be captured forever in the cultural landscape of the city of Seville.

French Anime and Manga Fans in Japan : Pop culture tourism, media pilgrimage, imaginary

OpenAIRE

Sabre, Clothilde

2017-01-01

Japanese pop culture, particularly anime and manga, have been an important part of the French cultural scene since the 1980s. French fans have created communities that share references about this pop culture and more generally about Japan. This specific imaginary drives some fans to travel to Japan to discover the actual places which appear in their favourite manga/anime. Focusing on the travel experiences of French tourists, this article introduces the notion of media pilgrimage as a useful ...

The Cosmological Potential of Byzantine Ascetic Aesthetics

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Аndrey Tsarenok

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The study explores the peculiarities of the cosmological senses, which exist in Byzantine ascetic aesthetical doctrine. Underlining the obvious strong connection between theological aesthetics, ontology and cosmology, the author of the article points out the interpretation of world’s beauty, order and harmony by representatives of ascetic culture of Byzantium (sts. Grigoriy the Theologian, Grigoriy, bishop of Niss, Ioann Chrysostom, Ioann Damaskin, Simeon the New Theologian and others. The aesthetics of the asceticism is characterized as theocentrical ontology of beauty. Its development has been influenced by theism, trinitary monotheism and theocentrism of Christian world-view tradition. The theologians speak about the existence of the Highest Absolute Beauty, Who is the cause of the beautiful things in created reality. The impressive qualities of cosmos are considered as evidence of being of their Almighty Creator. Therefore, the sensual cognition can help believer in his or her search of God. At the same time, ascetic aesthetics prevents from unreasonable enjoying of the sensual (material, somatic beauty for such enjoying is able to make the true person’s spiritual perfection impossible. Moreover, according to Christian theology, absolutization of the cosmical beauty regularly distorts the person’s belief: Byzantine ascetics point out the “aesthetical” cause of paganism appearance. Appealing to Bible, theologians differentiate two periods in history of cosmos, which can be interpreted as the pre-sin and the post-sin ones. The beginning of visible world existence was marked with being of original beauty, order and harmony, but the transgression, committed by the first people, distorted the cosmos to a great degree. Acknowledging of this sorrowful fact does not ruin quite an optimistic character of ascetic aesthetical, ontological and cosmological conceptions of Byzantium. According to them, the beauty of Universe will be completely

Are the classical historical geography of the Byzantine world and Gis technology a contradiction? On the usage of contemporary technologies in the humanities

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Popović St. Mihailo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article highlights the latest developments in the field of Digital Humanities. It indicates in which ways these technologies are already used in the historical and geographical science throughout the world and how they could be integrated systematically into Byzantine Studies. In the first part of the article international projects, which are based on GIS (Geographic Information Systems, and their links in the World Wide Web are presented. In the second part the author shows on the basis of his scholarly results on the historical geography of Byzantine Macedonia, how medieval written sources can be transferred into digital format in order to achieve a higher level of spatial data analysis. The neglect of this important and recent scholarly approach in the 21st century could lead to the marginalisation of Byzantine Studies in general, and of the historical geography of the Byzantine Empire in particular. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177015: Hrišćanska kultura na Balkanu u srednjem veku: Vizantijsko carstvo, Srbi i Bugari od 9. do 15. veka

This-worldly and other-worldly: a holocaust pilgrimage

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Tina Hamrin-Dahl

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This story is about a kind of pilgrimage, which is connected to the course of events which occurred in Częstochowa on 22 September 1942. In the morning, the German Captain Degenhardt lined up around 8,000 Jews and commanded them to step either to the left or to the right. This efficient judge from the police force in Leipzig was rapid in his decisions and he thus settled the destinies of thousands of people. After the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the town (renamed Tschenstochau had been occupied by Nazi Germany, and incorporated into the General Government. The Nazis marched into Częstochowa on Sunday, 3 September 1939, two days after they invaded Poland. The next day, which became known as Bloody Monday, approximately 150 Jews were shot deadby the Germans. On 9 April 1941, a ghetto for Jews was created. During World War II about 45,000 of the Częstochowa Jews were killed by the Germans; almost the entire Jewish community living there.The late Swedish Professor of Oncology, Jerzy Einhorn (1925–2000, lived in the borderhouse Aleja 14, and heard of the terrible horrors; a ghastliness that was elucidated and concretized by all the stories told around him. Jerzy Einhorn survived the ghetto, but was detained at the Hasag-Palcery concentration camp between June 1943 and January 1945. In June 2009, his son Stefan made a bus tour between former camps, together with Jewish men and women, who were on this pilgrimage for a variety of reasons. The trip took place on 22–28 June 2009 and was named ‘A journey in the tracks of the Holocaust’. Those on the Holocaust tour represented different ‘pilgrim-modes’. The focus in this article is on two distinct differences when it comes to creed, or conceptions of the world: ‘this-worldliness’ and ‘other- worldliness’. And for the pilgrims maybe such distinctions are over-schematic, though, since ‘sacral fulfilment’ can be seen ‘at work in all modern constructions of travel, including

AUGUSTINIAN MODEL IN THE BYZANTINE POLITICAL THINKING. CASE STUDY: THE ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL AUGUSTINISM IN THE CURRENT ROMANIAN MENTALITY

OpenAIRE

ANDREI TINU; CATALIN BOBOC; ANDREI-SEBASTIAN DUMITRESCU; VIOLETA IOSEFIDIS-SERGHEI

2012-01-01

The byzantine society, de jure and de facto heir of the Greco-Roman world, has it’s own philosophy, it’s own structure model and policy thinking. Without doubt, for the New Rome this model is that sprang from the Christian teachings, and as a philosophy it harmoniously blends the legacy of the Roman world with Blessed Augustine’s thinking about man and city which itself is a symbiosis between the acquired pagan knowledge and Christian experience of the latter. The Byzantine fortress (The Empi...

A Byzantine resilient fault tolerant computer for nuclear power plant applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lala, J.H.

1986-01-01

A quadruply redundant synchronous fault tolerant processor, capable of tolerating Byzantine faults, is now under fabrication at the C.S. Draper Laboratory to be used initially as a trip monitor for the Experimental Breeder Reactor EBR-II operated by the Argonne National Laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho. This paper describes the hardware architecture of this processor and discusses certain issues unique to quadruply redundant computers

A Quantitative Comparison of Chrysanthine Theory and Performance Practice of Scale Tuning, Steps, and Prominence of the Octoechos in Byzantine Chant

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Panteli, Maria; Purwins, Hendrik

2013-01-01

Byzantine Chant performance practice is computationally compared to the Chrysanthine theory of the eight Byzantine Tones (octoechos). Intonation, steps, and prominence of scale degrees are quantified, based on pitch class profiles. The novel procedure introduced here comprises the following...... analysis steps: 1) The pitch trajectory is extracted and post processed with music-specific filters. 2) Pitch class histograms are calculated by kernel smoothing. 3) Histogram peaks are detected. 4) Phrase ending analysis aids the finding of the tonic to align pitch histograms. 5) The theoretical scale....... The analysis of 94 Byzantine Chants performed by 4 singers shows a tendency of the singers to level theoretic particu- larities of the echos that stand out of the general norm in the octoechos: theoretically extremely large steps are diminished in performance. The empirical intonation of the IV. scale degree...

[A development of Byzantine Christian charities during the 4(th)-7(th) centuries and the birth of the hospital].

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Nam, Sung Hyun

2015-04-01

This study aims to examine the beginning and the development of Christian Charities during the 4(th)-6(th) centuries which would eventually result in the birth of the hospital in modern sense in the first half of the 7(th) century. For this purpose, I looked carefully into various primary sources concerning the early Christian institutions for the poor and the sick. Above all, it's proper to note that the first xenodocheion where hospitality was combined with a systematic caring, is concerned with the Trinitarian debate of the 4(th) century. In 356, Eustathios, one of the leaders of homoiousios group, established xenodocheion to care for the sick and the lepers in Sebaste of Armenia, whereas his opponent Aetios, doctor and leader of the heteroousios party, was reckoned to have combined the medical treatment with his clerical activities. Then, Basil of Caesarea, disciple of Eustathios of Sebaste, also founded in 372 a magnificent benevolent complex named 'Basileias' after its founder. I scrupulously analysed several contemporary materials mentioning the charitable institution of Caesarea which was called alternatively katagogia, ptochotropheion, xenodocheion. John Chrysostome also founded several nosokomeia in Constantinople at the end of the 4(th) century and the beginning of the 5(th) century. Apparently, the contemporary sources mention that doctors existed for these Charities, but there is no sufficient proof that these 'Christian Hospitals,' Basileias or nosokomeia of Constantinople were hospitals in modern sense. Imperial constitutions began to mention ptochotropheion, xenodocheion and orphanotropheion since the second half of the 5(th) century and then some Justinian laws evoked nosokomium, brephotrophia, gerontocomia. These laws reveal that 'Christian Hospitals' were well clarified and deeply rooted in Byzantine society already in these periods. And then, new benevolent institutions emerged in the 6(th) century: nosokomeia for a specific class and

Securing ad hoc wireless sensor networks under Byzantine attacks by implementing non-cryptographic method

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Shabir Ahmad Sofi

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Ad Hoc wireless sensor network (WSN is a collection of nodes that do not need to rely on predefined infrastructure to keep the network connected. The level of security and performance are always somehow related to each other, therefore due to limited resources in WSN, cryptographic methods for securing the network against attacks is not feasible. Byzantine attacks disrupt the communication between nodes in the network without regard to its own resource consumption. This paper discusses the performance of cluster based WSN comparing LEACH with Advanced node based clusters under byzantine attacks. This paper also proposes an algorithm for detection and isolation of the compromised nodes to mitigate the attacks by non-cryptographic means. The throughput increases after using the algorithm for isolation of the malicious nodes, 33% in case of Gray Hole attack and 62% in case of Black Hole attack.

A consistent time frame for Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrimage

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Kummerer, K. R.

2001-08-01

A consistent time frame for the pilgrimage that Geoffrey Chaucer describes in The Canterbury Tales can be established if the seven celestial assertions related to the journey mentioned in the text can be reconciled with each other and the date of April 18 that is also mentioned. Past attempts to establish such a consistency for all seven celestial assertions have not been successful. The analysis herein, however, indicates that in The Canterbury Tales Chaucer accurately describes the celestial conditions he observed in the April sky above the London(Canterbury region of England in the latter half of the fourteenth century. All seven celestial assertions are in agreement with each other and consistent with the April 18 date. The actual words of Chaucer indicate that the Canterbury journey began during the 'seson' he defines in the General Prologue and ends under the light of the full Moon on the night of April 18, 1391.

The reform of Byzantine military and territorial organization under Justinian II

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Cvetković Miloš

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper offers a contribution to the research of the initial stages in the evolution of the thematic system. It focuses on the role of Emperor Justinian II in the formation of the new imperial military and territorial organization. Byzantine scholars have determined a long time ago that it is Justinian II who should be credited with the founding of new military districts (themes in Hellas and Sicily. This paper, however, suggests that the formation of the themes in Thrace and Kibyrrhaiotai could also be considered a part of Justinian’s policy. In addition, the paper aims to highlight Justinian’s role in the formation of the frontier military and administrative system (the kleisourai of Strymon and Cappadocia, as well as in the reform of military and territorial organization in the Aegean basin. By creating new army units which were not based on the Late Roman heritage, Justinian essentially abandoned the principles that the Byzantine army had previously functioned on. Finally, the paper highlights the fact that the establishment of new thematic units under Emperor Justinian II was coupled with his extensive colonization measures. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 177032: Tradicija, inovacija i identitet u vizantijskom svetu

The Byzantine Office  for the Translation of Saint Nicholas to Bari (AD 1087)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Troelsgård, Christian

2007-01-01

The contribution includes a historical introduction, transcriptions of selections of the music and tranlations of the texts for the Byzantine office composed on the occasion of the translation of the relics of St Nicholas to Bari in AD 1087. Texts and music is interpreted in relation...

Archaeometric studies of Byzantine pottery from Hârşova-Carsium, Romania

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Bugoi, Roxana, E-mail: bugoi@nipne.ro [Horia Hulubei National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Mǎgurele 077125 (Romania); Talmaţchi, Cristina, E-mail: ctalmatchi@gmail.com [Museum of National History and Archaeology, Constanţa 900745 (Romania); Haitǎ, Constantin, E-mail: costel_haita@yahoo.com [National Museum of Romania History, Bucharest 030026 (Romania); Ceccato, Daniele, E-mail: daniele.ceccato@lnl.infn.it [Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Padova 35131 (Italy); INFN – LNL, Legnaro 35020 (Italy)

2015-04-01

A set of 36 ceramic shards excavated at Hârşova, Romania, dated to the 11th century A.D., was investigated using Optical Microscopy (OM) and PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission). The study aimed at revealing the raw materials and the manufacturing techniques employed by the potters from the Lower Danube zone during the Byzantine period and to distinguish the local products from the supposedly imported ones. The division of the ceramic shards based on stylistic grounds was refined by the petrographic observations that identified four types of fabrics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the PIXE data singled out two categories of ceramic: one made from kaolinitic clays and another produced from local sedimentary resources, with or without temper addition. Micro-PIXE scans of the interfaces between the green glaze and the underlying ceramic body indicated a high Pb content in the decorative layers. Glazing was made through the application of PbO onto a non-calcareous clay body. The petrographic and compositional data interpreted in correlation with archaeological information led to the characterization of a representative assemblage of ceramic finds from the Byzantine period, subject rarely tackled in the scientific literature.

PIXE and PGAA - Complementary methods for studies on ancient glass artefacts (from Byzantine, late medieval to modern Murano glass)

Science.gov (United States)

Constantinescu, Bogdan; Cristea-Stan, Daniela; Szőkefalvi-Nagy, Zoltán; Kovács, Imre; Harsányi, Ildikó; Kasztovszky, Zsolt

2018-02-01

Combined external milli-beam Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) analysis was applied to characterize the composition of paste and colorants from some fragments of Byzantine bracelets (10th-12th Centuries AD), late medieval (17th-18th Centuries AD) and modern Murano glass pieces. As fluxes, PGAA revealed the samples are soda-lime glass, except four samples - two medieval vessel white shards and two dark Byzantine fragments of bracelets - which have potash flux. Aluminium was detected in various proportions in all samples indicating different sources for the added sand. The presence of Magnesium is relevant only in one bracelet fragment suggesting the use of plant (wood?) ash and confirming that the Byzantine bracelet is manufactured from the mixture of both types of glass (natron and plant ash based). PGAA also indicated the presence of low quantities of Cadmium, high level of Arsenic and Lead (possibly lead arsenate) in one medieval sample and of ZnO in Murano glass, and of CoO traces (maximum 0.1%) in all blue-colored Byzantine, late medieval to modern Murano glass artefacts. PIXE confirmed the use of small quantities of CoO for blue color, indicated Manganese combined with Iron for dark glass, Copper for green, Lead, Tin and an Arsenic compound (orpiment?) for yellow and in the case of modern Murano glass Selenium and Cadmium to obtain a reddish color. Despite PIXE - PIGE combination is probably the best one for glass analysis, our external milli-PIXE - PGAA methods proved to be adequate complementary tools to determine many chemical elements from glass composition - Si, Na, K, Ca, Al, Mg, various metallic oxides.

On pilgrimage with biblical women in their land(s

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Elaine M. Wainwright

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Recent sociological and anthropological studies have provided models for examining pilgrimage both in its ancient and contemporary manifestations. Such models can facilitate an examination of the phenomenon of study tours to biblical lands and the multivalence of the discourses associated with such tours. The first part of the article engaged critically with the literature in order to open up some frameworks for examining the study tour to biblical lands. Feminist critical biblical scholarship with its potential for a feminist hermeneutic of creative imagination contributes to the multivalence around the study tour. Therefore, the second part of the article engaged this scholarship in relation to an imagined tour with women of the biblical lands. The article highlighted significant issues for consideration for those planning a study tour of biblical lands, especially in terms of the consideration that ought to be paid to gender.

Continuity and change in ceramic manufacture: Archaeometric study of Late Byzantine-Early Islamic transition in Jordan

Science.gov (United States)

Alawneh, Firas Mohamad

This thesis investigates continuity and change of ceramics from Late Byzantine-Early Islamic transition period Jordan. The transition period has been characterized largely by an overlap of two ceramic traditions. The material culture of this period has been primarily viewed through formal and stylistic changes. However, ceramic technology and distribution have never been subjected to rigorous analytical study. In order to explain continuity and change in ceramic tradition the undertaken study has focused on the provenance and technology, using multifaceted analytical approach. This study of the transition period pottery has focused on the classification and technological features of potsherds from selected sites in Jordan (Amman, Aqaba, Beit Ras, Khirbet el-Nawafleh, Jarash, Jericho, Pella, Madaba, Gharndal, Humaimah, Um er-Rassas and Um el-Waleed). Samples were studied by particle-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and optical microscopy to analyze their chemical, mineralogical and textural features in the aim of determining their possible provenance and production technology. Compositional data were statistically processed with multivariate analysis using SYSTAT II software 2006. To obtain further information about possible source areas of raw materials used in ceramic production, clays were also sampled in the studied areas. Firing experiments were conducted for clays with compositions comparable with those of ceramic sherds, to better understand the firing technology of the pottery. The multifaceted analytical approach has revealed important information on ceramic production in Transjordan. Khirbet el-Nawafleh and Aqaba in the south, Jarash and Pella in the north, Amman and Madaba in the middle are possibly just a few important production centers during this period. The study shows a multidirectional socio-cultural exchange and economic trade patterns within each region and between adjacent regions, as well. Also, importation from

The Royal pilgrimage of the Goddess Nanda

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William S. Sax

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Once every twelve years, when it is thought that some calamity has taken place because of the curse of the goddess Nanda Devi, a four-horned ram is born in the fields of the former king of Garhwal, an erstwhile Central Himalayan kingdom in north India (see map of Garhwal. This four-horned ram leads a procession of priests and pilgrims on the most dangerous and spectacular pilgrimage in all of India: a three-week, barefoot journey of one-hundred and sixty-four miles, during some of the worst weather of the year, at the end of the rainy season. The procession reaches Rupkund, a small pond located at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, which is surrounded by human­ skeletons, and from there it goes yet further, to Homkund, the ‘Lake of the Fire Sacrifice’. According to the faithful, the four-horned ram leaves the procession at that point and finds its way, unaided, to the summit of Mount Trishul. As its name suggests, the Royal Procession is closely associated with the ruler of this erstwhile Himalayan kingdom: he attends its inaugural rituals, the bones that litter the shores of Rupkund are believed to be those of one of his ancestors, and the chief sponsor of the event is a local ‘Prince’ who is thought to be descended from the first kings of Garhwal. This Prince traverses the domain of his ancestors and thereby lays claim to it in the name of the goddess Nanda, who is not only his lineage goddess but was also the royal goddess of the neighbouring kingdom of Kumaon, in pre-colonial times. Although the Royal Procession ideally fosters social integration, it was disrupted in 1987 by a quarrel between two factions of priests. The goddess’s itinerary, the culminating date of the pilgrimage, the type of sacrifice to be performed, the order of procession, the participation of previously excluded persons, and the competency of certain ritual specialists—all were subjects of heated dispute between the rival groups. What was the reason for

A Case Study in Byzantine Dragon-Slaying: Digenes and the Serpent

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Christopher Livanos

2011-03-01

Full Text Available The Byzantine epic Digenes Akrites has similarities with ancient and medieval Iranian traditions that, in consideration of the epic’s Eastern settings, suggest Iranian influences. Digenes resembles dragon-slaying heroes of other Indo-European traditions. He also resembles the Irish hero Cú Chulainn in that he is not psychologically fit to live in the midst of the community that depends on his protection. Freudian readings of Digenes’ encounters with the dragon and the Amazon Maximou are proposed.

A Byzantine chant collection from Sicily: a collaboration between Copenhagen and Piana degli Albanesi (Palermo)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sanfratello, Giuseppe

2016-01-01

The aim of this paper is to give an account of the collaboration between a collector of the Byzantine chant tradition of Piana degli Albanesi (Palermo) in Sicily, namely fr. Bartolomeo Di Salvo, and the editorial board of the Monumenta Musicae Byzantinae, i.e. an institution under the aegis...

'Our queen of hearts' - the glorification of Lady Diana Spencer: a critical appraisal of the glorification of celebrities and new pilgrimage

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Céline Grünhagen

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Religiosity and spirituality respectively have always been and will be subject to change. The emergence of the manifold forms of new religious and spiritual movements in the last century includes a variety of cult-like vener­ations of specific individuals, such as politicians (e.g. Mao, Lenin and modern idols (e.g. Elvis Presley, Princess Diana, Michael Jackson, who are glorified like saints. Devotees gather annually for memorials of their departed idols or travel­ long distances to visit the tomb, former home, etc. of a specific person to pay tribute to him or her. Due to the motivations of these devotees, the trouble they take, the practices and the tangible emotionality that are connected with this phenomenon, it can be considered a form of pilgrimage. This article presents some thoughts about the glorification of celebrities which leads to these considerable forms of cult and pilgrimage, using as an example the case of Lady Diana Frances Spencer (d. 1997.

Tuberculosis and mass gatherings-opportunities for defining burden, transmission risk, and the optimal surveillance, prevention, and control measures at the annual Hajj pilgrimage.

Science.gov (United States)

Zumla, Alimuddin; Saeed, Abdulaziz Bin; Alotaibi, Badriah; Yezli, Saber; Dar, Osman; Bieh, Kingsley; Bates, Matthew; Tayeb, Tamara; Mwaba, Peter; Shafi, Shuja; McCloskey, Brian; Petersen, Eskild; Azhar, Esam I

2016-06-01

Tuberculosis (TB) is now the most common infectious cause of death worldwide. In 2014, an estimated 9.6 million people developed active TB. There were an estimated three million people with active TB including 360000 with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) who were not diagnosed, and such people continue to fuel TB transmission in the community. Accurate data on the actual burden of TB and the transmission risk associated with mass gatherings are scarce and unreliable due to the small numbers studied and methodological issues. Every year, an estimated 10 million pilgrims from 184 countries travel to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to perform the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. A large majority of pilgrims come from high TB burden and MDR-TB endemic areas and thus many may have undiagnosed active TB, sub-clinical TB, and latent TB infection. The Hajj pilgrimage provides unique opportunities for the KSA and the 184 countries from which pilgrims originate, to conduct high quality priority research studies on TB under the remit of the Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine. Research opportunities are discussed, including those related to the definition of the TB burden, transmission risk, and the optimal surveillance, prevention, and control measures at the annual Hajj pilgrimage. The associated data are required to develop international recommendations and guidelines for TB management and control at mass gathering events. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The Idea of Dialogue, Trust and Reconciliation in the Pilgrimage of Trust on Earth

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Katarzyńska Agnieszka

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to present the Pilgrimage of Trust on Earth organized by the brothers of Taizé Community as an event building a relationship of dialogue, trust and reconciliation between nations and cultures. The article features an in-depth discussion of the elements of youth meetings and their impact on developing an attitude of dialogue and trust. We will briefly discuss the means used by the brothers to develop a dialogue between people, as well as the methods of spreading the idea of dialogue, trust and solidarity in interpersonal and international relations.

Byzantine influence on the Serbian customary law in the 9th century

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Đekić Đorđe N.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available By the 10th century Serbian law recognized the following ways of dispute resolution: revenge and appeasement, and it may be indirectly proved that there was a system of compensation. As punishments, there was banishment into exile, blinding and a death sentence. Since revenge, appeasement and compensation system appear in the pre-state period, while the death penalty has its roots in the blood feud, that indicates they are all of local origin. A question remains about the origin of banishment and blinding a fallen ruler, that is, a rival to the throne. In the first half of the 9th century the Byzantine Empire managed to reinstate its power over the Adriatic Sea, to impose itself over the Serbian states, to Christianise them and to legalise ruling families in the Serbian lands. Suffice to say that in 869 the Serbian states fight wars on the Byzantine side. Origin of influences on the ways of the punishment we seek in Byzantium, or better still, in its legal practice. It has been found that Byzantium used to send their conquered rivals to the throne into exile, punishing them by blinding them, so we draw a conclusion that in the matter of punishment, i.e. in the customary law, it exercised its influence on Serbia.

La vision de Saint Eustathe dans la peinture post-byzantine

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Amprazogoula Katerina

2008-01-01

Full Text Available (francuski L'article étudie l'évolution de la Vision de saint Eustathe dans une série de peintures murales et d'icônes portatives - allant du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle - les formules iconographiques adoptées et leurs particularités ainsi que la place et la fonction de cette image dans la peinture murale. Le matériel étudié a montré une diversité de formules iconographiques qui exploitent pour l'essentiel la tradition byzantine et orientale du sujet, en manifestant en même temps ses propres traits ainsi que l'influence des images occidentales. .

The agreement to exchange (permutatio in roman, Byzantine and Serbian mediaeval law

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Šarkić Srđan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The first part of this paper is dedicated to the definition of the agreement to exchange (permutatio and emphasizes the difference, made by Roman lawyers, between exchange (barter and sale (emptio-venditio. The second part analyses Byzantine legal sources that mention this old contract, while the third part is dedicated to Serbian legal documents. In Serbian legal documents the exchange was mentioned as the agreement between a monarch and a monastery or a natural person (individual, concerning donations that were given to the Church.

Antikos tradicijos ir naujos tendencijos Bizantijos rašytinėje kalboje | Traditions of Antiquity and New Tendencies in Written Greek of the Byzantine Period

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Kristina Svarevičiūtė

2013-12-01

Full Text Available In the Byzantine period, the norms of written Greek were primarily rooted in the ancient Greek literary tradition and not in the native linguistic competence. The article touches upon the questions linked to the role of rhetorical theory and techniques reinforced by the Greek educational system and the Byzantine Atticism. Particular attention is paid to the different written registers – low, middle, and high –, different styles according to genre and period, and the lack of consistency in writing at all levels.

A novel painted monument. Byzantine Art between Aesthetic Redefining and Dogmatic Perennity. The church Saint John the Baptist of Bârnova

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Mihail M. Gheaţău

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Being remarkable through the monumentality and elegance of proportions, the architecture of the Church “Saint John the Baptist” from Bârnova derives from the so-called old Wallachian style, skillfully reshaping a structure which combines elements which are specific to Byzantine Balkanic ecclesiastical buildings. The unseen pictural work of Ștefan Constantinescu is characterized by the attempt to associate the results of experiencing freedom of interpretation and expression with the rules of the iconographic canon, inside the same ensemble. Its representations do not reproduce the traditional Byzantine manner, nor it is delivered as a form of quoting reality, but it is filtered and interpreted. From a theological point of view, the author respects the iconographic program, except for the topographic placement of some episodes, adapting the discourse according to the configuration and features of the liturgical space. We are in front of a case which places us in the position of managing the relationship between the value of artistic creation and the meticulosity of theological involvement. Neither Byzantine, nor realistic, the artistic solution of the mural painting from Bârnova is closer to the manner of iconic transfiguration than to the one of improvisation or artistic intermediation through which the daily tridimensional world is reflected.

Odd Topics, Old Methods and the Cradle of the Ius Commune: Byzantine Law and the Italian City-States

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Daphne Penna

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper I try to demonstrate how Byzantine law, a subject odd and exotic at first sight provides a piece of the puzzle that helps us to complete the big picture, the origins of our European legal identity. I refer to some concrete examples of legal interaction between the Byzantine and the Western side of Europe in the tenth, eleventh and twelfth centuries – a period in which the ius commune began to take shape – and explain the method I used step by step, the specific challenges I confronted in the sources and the outcomes of this approach. The comparative legal study of documents of the medieval period at a European level can help us to answer the question whether, long before the making of today’s Europe, today’s European countries were already connected by common legal forms.

The Byzantine Silver Bowls in the Sutton Hoo Ship Burial and Tree-Worship in Anglo-Saxon England

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Michael D. J. Bintley

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The ten Byzantine silver bowls included amongst the grave goods interred in the chamber of the Mound 1 ship burial at Sutton Hoo remain one of the most puzzling features of this site. It has been suggested that these items, which lay separated from the rest of the silver in the burial and close to the head of the body-space (where no body was found, may have had some special meaning which has never been discovered. This paper will argue that one of the possible keys to unlocking their significance may be found in the central roundel that adorns the centre of each bowl in the form of a rosette. These bowls, which are thought to have been manufactured in the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire in c. 600, entered the British Isles in unknown circumstances before coming into the possession of the man buried in (or commemorated by the Mound 1 burial. Through comparison with contemporary sculpture and vernacular literature, I will suggest that this central rosette, which was associated with both the cross of Christ and sacred trees in Byzantine sculpture, may have served as a conventional bridge between Christian and pre-Christian religious traditions associated with sacred trees in Anglo-Saxon England. The central rosettes adorning each of these bowls may have been understood as the flower of a sacred tree. Since the latter appears to have figured in Anglian paganism it is possible that the bowls may helped to convert the Anglian aristocracy, bridging a gap between Germanic insular religious traditions and those that were being introduced to Britain at the time that the ship burial itself took place.

Bearing Witness to the Inhuman at M? Lai: Museum, Ritual, Pilgrimage

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Roy Tamashiro

2018-05-01

Full Text Available This article explores how the Son M? Memorial and Museum and its associated community activities and programs commemorate and memorialize the 1968 M? Lai Massacre and its aftermath. The museum provides space for reflection and bearing witness to the profound suffering in the Massacre. B'earing witness' means reliving or remembering and coming to know an experience, especially a traumatic one like M? Lai. Witness bearers are both those reporting first-hand experiences and memories, and those listening to and learning about the experiences. When locals and visitors alike participate in the activities and rituals at Son M?, in pilgrimages to M? Lai, or in touring the memorial and museum, an opportunity is available to recognize the “existential legitimacy” of the events, experiences, and memories. Bearing witness can open pathways to individual and societal healing as well as identity redefinition.

The Byzantine wall-paintings in the church of Saint Theodore at Platanos, Kynouria (Arcadia

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Agrevi Maria

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The church of St Theodore (also known as "Sts Theodoroi" at Platanos, Kynouria, is a single-nave building of small dimensions. The interior surfaces of its walls preserve their Byzantine paintings, which are partially visible under the coat of plaster that covers most of them. The paintings exhibit affinity with wall-paintings of churches in the Peloponnese (neighbouring Laconia included, and can be dated to the last quarter of the thirteenth century.

The Slavs and Vlachs in the Byzantine system of provincial organization in the Southern Balkans until the XI century: Similarities and differencies

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Cvetković Miloš

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The paper is devoted to establishing the circumstances and manner under which the Slav tribes and Vlachs in the southern Balkans were being integrated into the Byzantine system of provincial administration. Constantinople militarily imposed sovereignty on the settled Slavs, which was the first step towards their integration into the Byzantine state and society. When it comes to Vlachs, there was no use of military force. Special methods were applied to fit their autonomous organization into the frames oh the empire. In this regard, the paper compares the patterns of the integration processes of the two mentioned ethnic groups. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177032: Tradicija, inovacija i identitet u vizantijskom svetu

Iatromathematica (medical astrology) in late antiquity and the Byzantine period.

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Papathanassiou, M

1999-01-01

Byzantium inherited the rich astrological tradition of Late Antiquity, especially that of Alexandria, where even in the 6th century A.D., astrology was taught in philosophical schools. The great number of Byzantine astrological MSS, which preserve works of famous authors and many anonymous treatises, shows the survival and continuity of astrology in Byzantium. Through medical astrology physicians can better understand the temperament of an individual man and find out about his bodily constitution and psychic faculties, his inclination to chronic and acute diseases, the possibilities of curable or incurable cases, and finally the periods of major danger for his health. They can conjecture about the evolution of a disease, choose a favorable time for an operation, or initiate a cure.

Episodes in «Persiles and Sigismunda» shaped by ‘Byzantine tales’ from the «Gesta Romanorum»

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Clark Andrews Colahan

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Only recently has there been a recognition of the literary influence in Spain of the ‘examples’ found in the Gesta Romanorum, a collection of tales widely spread and fertile in adaptations throughout Medieval and Renaissance northern Europe. Just as other Hispanic writers did who were contemporaries of Cervantes, he would have been able to read them without difficulty in the original Latin, which is highly simplified for the use of preachers. The plot and images of two of the gesta written in the style of a Byzantine novel shape corresponding episodes in the Persiles, which is well known for Cervantes’ statement that in it he sought to compete with the Byzantine novel set in Ethiopia by Heliodorus. A whale swallowing Auristela’s ship in one of the tales, like her rescue and subsequent forced choice between suitors, provide situations and phrases used by Cervantes to portray the intense love between Persiles and his sweetheart/pretended sister, Sigismunda, as was done also in other Hispanic adaptations of the legend.

The Serbian state in the work of Byzantine historian Doucas

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Nikolić Maja

2007-01-01

Full Text Available While the first two chapters of Doucas's historical work present a meagre outline of world history - a sketch which becomes a little more detailed from 1261 on, when the narration reaches the history of the Turks and their conquests in Asia Minor - the third chapter deals with the well-known battle of Kosovo, which took place in 1389. From that point on, the Byzantine historian gives much important information on Serbia, as well as on the Ottoman advances in the Balkans, and thus embarks upon his central theme - the rise of the Turks and the decline of Byzantium. Doucas considers the battle of Kosovo a key event in the subjugation of the Balkan peoples by the Turks, and he shows that after the battle of Kosovo the Serbs were the first to suffer that fate. At the beginning, Doucas says that after the death of Orhan, the ruler (o archgos of the Turks, his son and successor Murad conquered the Thracian towns, Adrianople and the whole Thessaly, so that he mastered almost all the lands of the Byzantines, and finally reached the Triballi (Triballous. He devastated many of their towns and villages sending the enslaved population beyond Chersonesus, until Lazar, son of King Stefan of Serbia (Serbias, who ruled (kraleyōn in Serbia at that time decided to oppose him with all the might he could muster. The Serbs were often called Triballi by Byzantine authors. For the fourteenth century writers Pachymeres, Gregoras, Metochites and Kantakouzenos the Serbs were Triballi. However, Pachymeres and Gregoras refer to the rulers of the Triballi as the rulers of Serbia. Fifteenth century writers, primarily Chalcondyles and Critobulos, use only that name. It seems, nevertheless, that Doucas makes a distinction between the Triballi and the Serbs. As it is known, the conquest of the Serbian lands by the Turks began after the battle on the river Marica in 1371. By 1387. the Turks had mastered Serres(1388 Bitola and Štip (1385, Sofia (1385, Niš (1386 and several

Byzantine Glazed Ceramics in the Cities of the Northern Black Sea Region in the Golden Horde Period (Second Half of the 13th to the Late 14th Century

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Bocharov Sergei G.

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Glazed ceramics of Byzantine origin, which came has been found on town sites of the Northern Black Sea region referring to the Golden Horde period (second half of the 13th – late 14th cc., is characterized in the article. Materials from the urban centers of the Crimea (Solkhat, Sudak, Kaffa, Chersonese, Cembalo, the Azov Sea region (Azaq, and the lower reaches of the Don and Kuban rivers are discussed. The applied principles of ceramics classification have been formulated. On their basis, six major groups of Byzantine ceramic imports have been identified. For each group, a description of morphological and technological features, ornamentation methods and motifs has been provided; chronological framework of their arrival in the region has been specified. Conclusions have been offered as to the extent of distribution and the role played by diverse groups of Byzantine glazed ceramics in the cities of the Northern Black Sea region.

Bibliography of the Latest Russian Literature (2010-2015 on the Problems of Byzantine Military Organization

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Pavel Ivanovich Lysikov

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The present outline deals with the bibliographical review of Russian literature on the history of Byzantium published during the period from 2010 to 2015 and concerned with the problems of Byzantine military organization. All of the mentioned scientific works are divided into four parts for ease of data presentation: monographs, translations of sources (both of these two divisions are accompanied with the brief abstracts which reveal contents of the works indicated here, articles and theses.

The Byzantine ceramics from Pergamon excavations. Characterization of local and imported productions by elementary analysis using PIXE and INAA methods and by petrography; Les ceramiques byzantines des fouilles de Pergame. Caracterisation des productions locales et importees par analyse elementaire par les methodes PIXE et INAA et par petrographie

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Waksman, S Y

1995-01-12

An important ceramics material dated back to the 12th-14th centuries has been excavated in Pergamon (Turkey). Among these findings, wasters, tripod stilts and unfinished ware attest to local production in the Byzantine period. Elemental analysis by the methods PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) and INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis) has been performed on a representative sampling of 160 sherds, including attested local material. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to classify the sherds into groups of similar composition and thus to distinguish ceramics made in Pergamon from imported wares. Several groups of local production have been constituted, which correspond to wares differing in date and fabric. The geochemical characterization of the pastes, complemented with petrographical and mineralogical data, shows that specific raw materials have been used to manufacture each ware. The analytical data related to ceramics made in Pergamon will serve as reference data for future provenance studies. Such reference groups of Byzantine ceramics are very rare, and therefore the ceramics imported into Pergamon cannot be attributed as to their origin. Among the ceramics widely diffused in the Byzantine world, some importations belonging to the ``fine sgraffito`` and ``Zeuxippus ware`` types have been identified. The latter type has been a source of stylistic influence for the workshops of Pergamon, since the analyses show that imitated ``Zeuxippus ware`` has been produced there. These imitations were probably themselves diffused on a regional scale. (author). 238 refs., 48 figs., 53 tabs., 22 photos., 8 appends.

Byzantine history and the discourse of the Russian political/intellectual underground

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Dmitry Shlapentokh

2012-01-01

In the view of the producer, the Byzantine Empire was strong when it followed its autocratic tradition and was attached to Orthodoxy. The movie generated extensive discussions, including among those who belong to Russia's political and intellectual fringe. Quite a few of them were neo-pagans; for them, Christianity, including Orthodox Christianity, was Russia's curse. For them, it was an Asian creed foreign to Aryan Russians. The fact that it was accepted by Russians implied that Russians had been subjugated by an alien, Asiatic, force. Many of these neo-pagans were quite pessimistic in regard to the country's future; and, indeed, their response indicates the deep alienation of quite a few Russians, which hardly bodes well for the country's future.

Medieval Architectures for Religious Tourism and Hospitality along the Pilgrimage Routes of Northern Italy

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Silvia Beltramo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Sacred spaces are, and have always been, places of reception: hospitality is in fact a precept of God. Many biblical passages remind us of this, such as the one (Gen 18, 4-5 in which Abraham welcomes three guests, washes their feet and offers them a piece of bread and a place to rest under a tree. Saint Benedict too, in chapter 53 of the Rule, insisted on the need to honour pilgrims and travellers, who should be welcomed with a charitable service ready for devotion and stated that all guests who entered the monastery should be received as if they were Christ, washing their hands and feet. The reception of travellers, the sick, and pilgrims in religious centres in the Middle Ages has been one of the cornerstones of the life of many monastic and convent communities scattered throughout the territory. The growing number of domus hospitals and xenodochii, recorded from the early centuries of the Middle Ages until the 15th century, demonstrates the need for them and their widespread dissemination in Italy and Europe. It seems to be possible to identify some phases of this development linked to the different monastic and convent orders that dedicated themselves to relieving the suffering of travellers and the sick. An initial significant presence along the road axes was followed by a subsequent phase of settlement in the major urban centres. Each community had its rules which also influenced the choice of where the sites were positioned, the buildings in which to receive pilgrims and the architectural typologies, often clearly designed to identify the place immediately. The research findings presented here derive from research aimed at identifying religious hospitality architectures through a study of the documentary sources and an analysis of the buildings still preserved in the territory of Northern Italy. In particular, the analysis of the main cases linked to monastic hospitality, such as the Sacra di San Michele – the centre of worship of

"Just Keep Going, Stay Together, and Sing OUT." Learning Byzantine Music in an Informal and Situated Community of Practice

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Brashier, Rachel

2016-01-01

This project examines the communal process of music learning as it occurs in a Byzantine chant learning group at a Greek Orthodox Church. The goal of this project was to investigate the act of music making, as situated in a particular sociocultural context, in order to address the question: Through what processes do individuals share music…

The Byzantine ceramics from Pergamon excavations. Characterization of local and imported productions by elementary analysis using PIXE and INAA methods and by petrography

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Waksman, S.Y.

1995-01-01

An important ceramics material dated back to the 12th-14th centuries has been excavated in Pergamon (Turkey). Among these findings, wasters, tripod stilts and unfinished ware attest to local production in the Byzantine period. Elemental analysis by the methods PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) and INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis) has been performed on a representative sampling of 160 sherds, including attested local material. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to classify the sherds into groups of similar composition and thus to distinguish ceramics made in Pergamon from imported wares. Several groups of local production have been constituted, which correspond to wares differing in date and fabric. The geochemical characterization of the pastes, complemented with petrographical and mineralogical data, shows that specific raw materials have been used to manufacture each ware. The analytical data related to ceramics made in Pergamon will serve as reference data for future provenance studies. Such reference groups of Byzantine ceramics are very rare, and therefore the ceramics imported into Pergamon cannot be attributed as to their origin. Among the ceramics widely diffused in the Byzantine world, some importations belonging to the ''fine sgraffito'' and ''Zeuxippus ware'' types have been identified. The latter type has been a source of stylistic influence for the workshops of Pergamon, since the analyses show that imitated ''Zeuxippus ware'' has been produced there. These imitations were probably themselves diffused on a regional scale. (author). 238 refs., 48 figs., 53 tabs., 22 photos., 8 appends

Colchicum genus in the writings of ancient Greek and Byzantine physicians.

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Tsoucalas, Gregory; Papaioannou, Theodoros; Panayiotakopoulos, George; Saridaki, Zenia; Vrachatis, Dimitrios A; Karamanou, Marianna

2018-01-14

The plants of the Colchicum family were known during the archaic period in Greece for their deleterious properties. Later on, they were used for the treatment of podagra. The treatment was introduced by the ancient Greek physicians and passed on to the Byzantine and Arabian physicians to endure until nowadays. The first plant was most probably named "Medea" from the notorious Colchican witch. As the most common member of the family blossoms in autumn, the plant was named Colchicum autumnale. Various nominations were also used, such as Ephemeron, Hermodactyl, Anima articulorum and Surugen. Our article discusses them, while at the same time presents the most notable authorities who have used Colchicum plants in herbal medicine and toxicology. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

New Sphragistic Finds from the Environs of Byzantine Cherson (to the iIssue of the Correspondence Addressees

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Nikolay A. Alekseenko

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Increased interest to the sigillographic artifacts found over the large areas adjacent to the chief administrative and economic centers of medieval Crimea currently allows to expand greatly the geographical map of the molybdoboulloi finds in this region. The topography of the finds in the areas surrounding Cherson had recently expanded significantly as well. Seals originating apparently from the settlements adjacent immediately to the ancient city, as well as from the places very remote from it became known. New finds of Byzantine seals (for instance, the seals of kommerkiarios Theodore, the end of the 6th century, of patrikios and genikos logothetes Petronas, the first half of the 9th century, of anthypatos, patrikios, imperial protospatharios and genikos logothetes Elissios, the second half of the 10th century, of (protospatharios and strategos of Cefalonia, of imperial protospatharios ™pr toà Crusotriklßnou and strategos of Cherson Theodore, the 10th – 11th centuries, as well as of protospatharios and strategos Joseph, with a sufficiently accurate localization of their origin provide new information about this sigillographic artifacts themselves, as well as clarify the geography of the Byzantine presence in the southwestern Taurica, particularly showing places yet poorly highlighted by other types of sources.

Il viaggio religioso come strumento geopolitico. Il pellegrinaggio sciita e l’emergere dell’alleanza regionale tra Iran e Siria - Religious travelling as geopolitical instrument. The Shia pilgrimage and the rise of the regional alliance between Iran and Syria

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Maurizio Scaini

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Religious pilgrimage is almost as old as the history of men. This phenomenon has often been instrumentalized for political ends, creating the premises for new colonization processes, exerting local hegemonies or reinforcing strategic alliances. This article examines the recent re-discovery, in Shia perspective, of the holy sites in Syria. This “re-discovery” which initially was intended as anti-Iraq and pro-Iran has developed social implications and regional significance which cannot be thoroughly assessed for the moment. Among these there is an interesting gender issue. Women offer themselves as cultural mediators and therefore manage to increase their autonomy and obtain an economic independence which they propagate at home. Pilgrimage thus reveals itself as a kind of travel with strong political connotations.

A computational comparison of theory and practice of scale intonation in Byzantine chant

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Panteli, Maria; Purwins, Hendrik

2013-01-01

Byzantine Chant performance practice is quantitatively compared to the Chrysanthine theory. The intonation of scale degrees is quantified, based on pitch class profiles. An analysis procedure is introduced that consists of the following steps: 1) Pitch class histograms are calculated via non-parametric...... kernel smoothing. 2) Histogram peaks are detected. 3) Phrase ending analysis aids the finding of the tonic to align histogram peaks. 4) The theoretical scale degrees are mapped to the practical ones. 5) A schema of statistical tests detects significant deviations of theoretical scale tuning from...... the estimated ones in performance practice. The analysis of 94 echoi shows a tendency of the singer to level theoretic particularities of the echos that stand out of the general norm in the octoechos: theoretically extremely large scale steps are diminished in performance....

L’église Sainte Sophie de Trébizonde – un repère dans l’architecture religieuse byzantine

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Vasile M. Demciuc

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The historical monument presented in this study is considered by specialists a true landmark in the Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture.The Church of St. Sophia in Trabzon, restored in the mid-twentieth century by specialists from the UK, is now a real attraction not only for historians, but also for tourists because an unique historical, artistic, iconographic and theological message. Basically, this message is given by an iconography program from the 13th century.

The Power of the Dramatic «Auctoritas»: Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla in front of the Byzantine Comedy

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Julián González-Barrera

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla was one of the poets most favoured by the Court, even more than Calderón de la Barca. That royal favour gave him a creative freedom that lead to experiment with new methods, genres and motifs. That was the case of Persiles and Sigismunda, not only a mere adaptation of the cervantine novel, but also an attempt to surpass the model that Lope de Vega had created for the byzantine comedy, adding new formulas to a genre considered closed.

Paphlagonia Bölgesi’nde Geç Antik ve Erken Bizans Yerleşimi: Sora / Late Antique and Early Byzantine Settlement in Paphlagonia Region: Sora

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Durmuş Gür

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract The late antique, early Byzantine settlement area locates at 12 km. distance to southwest of Karabuk Central District, on a sloping land with an altitude of 700 meters piedmont of Keltepe mountain. This settlement area, called as Zora, Zara, Zopran, Sora, Sopran or some other similar names by the researchers, locates within the boundaries of Akören (Kaleköy and Zopran today. This area is one of the five central eparchies bounded to Paphlagonia district of Gangra (Çankırı. Various column headers, inscriptions, sculptures, Hellenistic sepulchres and architectural ruins belonging to Roman age are identified there. The settlement area called as Sora since the 4th century is observed by Doublet (1889, Mendel (1901, Gökoğlu (1952, Marek (1993, 2003, Belke (1996 and Umar (2007, and they found out that it used to be called Zobran in the records of 16th century Ottoman archive. Within the scope of this research, Sora is observed in details for the periods of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman. The life of St. Autonomous, who had came there in the 4th century to proselytize Christianity and became a martyre, their sepulchre constructions, the bishops of the city, architectural plastic works and scriptures are all researched. Moreover, the problem of naming the area which was confusing for many years is tried to be solved by this research beside documenting the present condition of the architectural ruin on their original places. Öz Karabük’ün 12 km. güneybatısında bulunan geç Antik-erken Bizans dönemi yerleşim alanı Sora (günümüzde Zopran ve Akören, Keltepe Dağı’nın eteklerinde ortalama 700 m. rakımda eğimli bir arazi üzerinde yer almaktadır. Araştırmacılar tarafından Zora, Zara, Zopran, Sora, Sopran gibi çeşitli isimlerle adlandırılan yerleşim, günümüzde Akören (Kaleköy ve Zopran sınırlarında kalmaktadır. Sora, Paphlagonia bölgesinde Gangra (Çankırı Metropolitliğine bağlı beş Piskoposluk

A repertoire of comic figures of the antique theatre in miniatures of Byzantine Psalters with marginal

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Bemabò Massimo

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Recent investigations on ninth-century Byzantine Psalters have focused mostly on the impact of the iconoclast controversy on the iconography of the marginal illustrations in these manuscripts. In fact this impact has been greatly exaggerated and the Psalter illustrations that can be connected to the debates on icon are less than a dozen out of a total of a few hundreds. The present article focuses on the iconography of figures illustrating social and moral types in the psalms. These figures cannot be considered as novel inventions of the ninth-century artists who painted our manuscripts. Their origin must be drawn back to late antique prototypes; in particular it is inferred that most of these figures represent characters that were originally modeled after the moral and social types acted on stage in late antique theater, mime and pantomime. A number of examples out of the miniatures in the Carolingian manuscripts of Terence and other media provides parallels to gestures, postures and features of the figures in the Psalter illustrations. The iconographical invention of these characters for the psalms must date from fourth to sixth century, a period during which theater was still very popular, notwithstanding the strong opposition of the Christian Fathers. Chroricius of Gaza' Apologia memoriam and other late antique writings witness the popularity of mime up to the middle sixth century and the ample variety of types that were acted on stage. The figures scissor out of marginal illustrations in the Byzantine Psalters are arranged in five plates collecting examples of, respectively, moral types, emotions caricatures, social types and professions, gods and devils.

Military Equipment in the Byzantine Manuscript of Scylitzes in Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid

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Bruhn Hoffmeyer, Ada

1966-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the present paper is to provide an introduction to the military equipment of the Second Golden Age of the Byzantine empire as represented not by the text of Scylitzes but by the illuminators of this marvellous manuscript, the relations of the illuminations to the actual weapons and their chronology.

El propósito de este trabajo es proporcionar una introducción al equipamiento militar durante la Segunda Edad de Oro del Imperio Bizantino, tal y como se representa no a través del texto, sino de las iluminaciones, del manuscrito Scylitzes de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, y la comparación de las iluminaciones con el armamento auténtico y su cronología. [traducción para esta edición electrónica

A debt in Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses: the vitality of the Byzantine model in Historias peregrinas y ejemplares

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Julián González-Barrera

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The generic vagueness of Historias peregrinas y ejemplares (1623 would be a convincing evidence of the experimentation that characterizes the whole prose of Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses. Among the confluence of different genres, opposite tendencies and literary trends that make up Historias peregrinas y ejemplares, the vigour of the Greek model is specially outstanding, to such an extent that some of them may be even regarded as genuine short Byzantine novels.

The Smell of Relics: Authenticating Saintly Bones and the Role of Scent in the Sensory Experience of Medieval Christian Veneration

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Paul Anthony Brazinski

2013-09-01

Full Text Available ''The archaeology of smell is a burgeoning field in recent scholarship. This paper adds to existing literature by investigating the function of smell in relation to relic sales and veneration in medieval Europe, a hitherto understudied area of research. Collating historical texts concerning the translatio of saintly relics in Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire with archaeological sources associated with relic veneration and religious worship (including ampullae, unguentaria, sarcophagi, holy oils, pillow graves, and silk, this paper suggests that (1 smell was used in the medieval world as a means to challenge or confirm a relic’s authenticity, and (2 olfactory liquids that imbued or permeated material objects in the context of worship functioned as a means of focusing attention on relic veneration and were an essential part of the cult and/or pilgrimage experience.

A contribution to the study of the medieval law: Manumissio testamentaria ('Eλεyθερια 'En Διαθηκη 'Eγγραφομενη in Byzantine wills

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Matović Tamara

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Summary Wills and contracts are one of the main sources for the history of the Byzantine private law. In this article we have analyzed wills that are dated in the period of XI to XIV century. Manummision of the subordinate class of slaves, parikoi and serfs is an interesting and quite frequent phenomenon in wills. In a couple of different sources, testators gave freedom to the mentioned groups of people, most often being motivated by spiritual and holy causes. Testators usually provided the best care for a new freedman, involving family members to bear with his education and upkeeping. In this article we are also imposing many questions that are particulary significant for the legal analysis, such as the form of manumisson, the issue of slaves who become inheritors, value and the nature of legats, etc. Manumissons could have diverse nature. In some cases we can compare it with the testamentary manumission of the Roman private law, despite of the fact that slaves in the Byzantine law were never included in the inheritance mass. The relationship between testator/master and serf can explan better the nature of enslavement in Byzantium. That union is specific, known for life-important questions and needs of freedman, which master-testator resolves. It is a well-know fact that manumisson - elefteria is sometimes just another ambiguous term in the Byzantine sources. In exploring the legal institute of manumissio testamentaria one must be careful, because not every manumission is the real one, not every doulos and oikeios is a slave, and not every elefteros is a freedman. This part of Byzantine social and economic history is known to be very well studied and explored by scholars. Although this being a case, we must emphasize the shortage of legal studies in this field of Byzantine studies. We find this theme very important to the Studies of History of law, especially due to its complex relation to wills, codicils, legats and also caracteristics of

The impact of financial institutions on the development of the Byzantine economy (10th-12th centuries

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Maniatis George C.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This article attempts to ascertain the nature of the financial institutions fashioned diachronically to ensure the orderly operation of the Byzantine economy, encompassing the currency in circulation, credit availability, and the nexus of financial services; to analyze their role and evolution over time; to examine their ability to make rational use of the available financial resources; and ultimately to assess their contribution in ensuring the effective functioning of the marketplace and the economy in the 10th-12th centuries. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of the monetary system in providing the requisite liquidity to meet the needs of the productive sectors of the economy; the determining factors of money supply and its sectorial penetration; the measures taken to prevent hoarding and alleviate the gold-dependence of the fiscus; the functional distinction between money-changing and moneylending and its rationale; the rules established for the orderly conduct of currency transactions to prevent unsavory practices; the participants involved in lending operations and the extent of market competition; the importance of credit (and hence debt financing in promoting agriculture, manufacturing, and trade; and the role of the state in safeguarding the soundness of the monetary system, banking services, deals in precious metals and valuables, and in the pricing of capital. Moreover, the paper addresses collateral issues in dispute providing more cogent answers, identifies misinterpreted sources and unsupported assertions, and fills in lacunae. It is hoped that the searching examination of the design and operation of the enacted financial institutional arrangements will provide valuable insights as to their genesis, adaptation over time, and likely performance in light of the Byzantine economic, social and political realities.

The role of church history and Byzantine studies in the history of historical sciences, religious and secular education in Ukraine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

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I. Y. Medovkina

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The historical retrospective of formation of the non­religious phenomenon «new Christianity» in the conteThe article examines the impact of the educational and scientific activities of famous church historians on the expansion of knowledge in the history of church, development of historical studies, religious and secular education in Ukrainian territories in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The analysis of the biographies, activities and scientific papers of such well­known scientists as Aleksey Dmitriyevskiy, Ivan Sokolov, Kostiantyn Kharlampovych, Vasyl Bidnov and Oleksandr Lototskyi shows that the scholars made a great contribution to the expansion of historical knowledge in the history of church and Byzantine studies. They achieved it by finding and publishing new sources, studying new topics that had not been covered earlier, applying the historical comparative method and analysing the local history within the context of general history of humankind. Furthermore, just by reviewing the list of offices held by the above scholars, subjects they taught, and scientific journals where they worked as authors and editors and understanding what role they played in preserving church antiques during the period when objects of historical importance were expropriated and used for other purposes, you can appreciate not only their contribution to fostering a great number of well­educated broad­minded and scientifically oriented researchers and clergy members, but also the importance of the position they took on social issues. Because of the social principles they defended the scholars were often persecuted by the Bolsheviks, which caused their premature death or forced emigration.

Earthquakes and plague during Byzantine times: can lessons from the past improve epidemic preparedness.

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Tsiamis, Costas; Poulakou-Rebelakou, Effie; Marketos, Spyros

2013-01-01

Natural disasters have always been followed by a fear of infectious diseases. This raised historical debate about one of the most feared scenarios: the outbreak of bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis. One such event was recorded in the Indian state Maharashtra in 1994 after an earthquake. In multidisciplinary historical approach to the evolution of plague, many experts ignore the possibility of natural foci and their activation. This article presents historical records from the Byzantine Empire about outbreaks of the Plague of Justinian occurring months or even up to a year after high-magnitude earthquakes. Historical records of plague outbreaks can be used to document existence of natural foci all over the world. Knowledge of these historical records and the contemporary examples of plague support the assumption that, in terms of organising humanitarian aid, poor monitoring of natural foci could lead to unpredictable epidemiological consequences after high-magnitude earthquakes.

An Investigation on an Early Byzantine Higher School in Russian Historiography

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Nikolai N. Bolgov

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the main approaches and achievements in the Russian studies of Late Antiquity in-between period from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The current literature has an attempt to highlight the activities of leading scientists and their works as well as the activities of various regional schools on studying the higher schools of the Early Byzantium. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that there are some difficulties with the terminology in Russia, also there is no common understanding of this transitional time and many specialists prefer to work with narrow-focused material. Furthermore, there remains a ‘format’ of antiquists, Byzantinists and medievalists what makes integrative researches more difficult. To reveal these issues, the current study investigates the academic bibliography.

A comparison between two migrations in the Byzantine Empire: the Goths and the Pechenegs

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Alexandru Madgearu

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The study compares from several points of view two migratory movements across the Lower Danube: the Tervingi Goths in 376 and the Pechenegs in 1045-1047. In both cases the imperial authorities hoped they would gain supplementary military forces, but the events turned both migratory groups into internal enemies. There are some similarities in the causes of the aforementioned migrations, in the way the Danube was crossed, and as concerns the places granted for settlement, and the integration in the Roman /Byzantine army. In other respects, the movements differed, especially because of the nomadic type of life of the Pechenegs, the Goths being sedentary people who moved from a homeland to another. Both migrations had disastrous effects for the empire, because the emperors were not able to foresee or to prevent the rebellions of these warrior people received as refugees. Instead of more economic and military resources, both the Goths and the Pechenegs caused much trouble in the South-East European provinces.

The Slavic Liturgy of the Byzantine Rite and the Corpus of Slavic Liturgical Books at the End of the 9th and the Beginning of the 10th Centuries

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Aleksey M. Pentkovskiy

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Recent scholarship on the historical development of the Slavic liturgy in its early stage has shown that one of the important prerequisites for its practical implementation was the establishment, under the guidance of a bishop, of a church organization which was entitled to use Church Slavonic as a liturgical language. Research has also demonstrated that the methodological approach linking the history of the Slavic liturgical texts with the development of the Slavic ecclesiastical structures administered by bishops offers valuable insights. The first Slavic corpus of liturgical books of Byzantine rites (the so-called Corpus of Clement, CC came into being in the Slavic ethnic eparchy and then in the Slavic territorial dioceses which were to be integrated into the church organization of the First Bulgarian Empire. The core part of the CC, to which the complex of original Slavic hymnographic writings belongs, was created in the years between 893 and 916 in the Slavic ethnic eparchy of St. Clement of Ohrid in the western part of the First Bulgarian Empire (in the region of southern Albania, northwestern Greece, and southwestern Macedonia. The supplementary part of the CC, which contains the complex of the word-by-word translations of hymnographic writings, originated in the mid-10th century in Slavic territorial dioceses located at that time in the western part of the First Bulgarian Empire. This two-stage formation of the CC was due to the two-stage development of the Slavic church organizations, and it was thus neither linguistic nor literary in nature. Having special features characteristic of the western Byzantine liturgy, the CC differed from both its preceding and subsequent corpora of Slavic liturgical books in its liturgical, textological, and linguistic character. Every subsequent corpus of Slavic liturgical texts, however, built upon the preceding one, and this ensured the continuity of the Slavic liturgical and, consequently, linguistic

Evaluation of aerial microbial pollutants in Al-Haram Al-Nabawi during pilgrimage of 2013

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Kholoud M. Alananbeh

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah is the second holiest site in Islam. The possibility of new emerging microbes is valid due to the increased number of pilgrims. The objectives of the current study were to estimate the numbers of fungi and bacteria inside and outside Al-Haram Al-Nabawi and to find whether new bacterial and fungal species have emerged compared to previous studies. Air samples were collected twice a day from 12 spots and four directions during the pilgrim year of 2013 for four consecutive weeks by using the sedimentation method. Thirty five genera and fifty eight species were identified. The most recovered bacterial genera were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, and Dermacoccus with 32.47%, 18.18%, 12.85%, and 11.23%, respectively. Fifty nine isolates of fungi were molecularly identified. Aspergillus species had the highest percentage (78%. The other fungal genera identified (Alternaria triticina, Emericella nidulans, Emericella striata, Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium minioluteum, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Syncephalastrum racemosum had less than 5% frequency. In places such as Al-Haram Al-Nabawi, a large and crowded public (millions exist especially during pilgrimages and Ramadan, thus, exposure to microorganisms is high. On the other hand, microorganism infectivity depends on many factors including their virulence, landing site, and person’s immunity. For those reasons, many aspects should be considered to avoid aerosol contaminants.

The Birth of Hospital, Asclepius cult and Early Christianity.

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Yeo, In-Sok

2017-04-01

History of hospital is one of main fields of researches in medical history. Besides writing a history of an individual hospital, considerable efforts have been made to trace the origin of hospital. Those who quest for the origin of hospital are faced with an inevitable problem of defining hospital. As the different definition can lead to a different outcome, it is important to make a clear definition. In this article, the hospital was defined as an institution in which patients are housed and given medical treatments. According to the definition, the Great Basilius is regarded to have created the first hospital in 369 CE. The creation of hospital is considered to be closely related with Christian philantrophy. However, the question is raised against this explanation. As the religious philantrophy does not exclusively belong to the Christianity alone, more comprehensive and persuasive theory should be proposed to explain why the first hospital was created in the Christian World, not in the Buddhistic or other religious world. Furthermore, in spite of sharing the same Christian background, why the first hospital appeared in Byzantine Empire, not in Western Roman Empire, also should be explained. My argument is that Asclepius cult and the favorable attitude toward medicine in Greek world are responsible to the appearance of the first hospital in Byzantine Empire. The evangelic work of Jesus was heavily depended on healing activities. The healing activities of Jesus and his disciples were rivalled by Asclepius cult which had been widely spread and practiced in the Hellenistic world. The temples of Asclepius served as a model for hospital, for the temples were the institution exclusively reserved for the patients. The exclusive housing of patients alone in the temples of Asclepius is clearly contrasted with the other early forms of hospitals in which not only patients but also the poor, foreigners and pilgrims were housed altogether. Toward the healing god Asclepius

Στρατός και κοινωνία στο ύστερο Βυζάντιο: το μεταρρυθμιστικό πρόγραμμα του Γεωργίου Πλήθωνα Γεμιστού

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Eυστρατία ΣΥΓΚΕΛΛΟΥ

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Army and Society in Late Byzantium: the reform program of George Plethon Gemistos     In the early 15th century the Byzantine state was surrounded by the Ottomans, whereas the Peloponnese was the last defensive stronghold of the Byzantines in the Greek area. There, the need of defense became a major social issue and provided matter for discussion about the institutional and social function of the army. Plethon’ s proposals for the establishment of local professional army, as formulated in his  texts addressed to the emperor Manuel II Palaeologus and the despot Theodore are associated with the social and economic reformation of the region and reflect the general need for the political reorganization of the Byzantine Empire. This paper examines Gemistos’ reform program regarding the military and political-economic conditions of the era. The thoughts of the philosopher of Mystras on the Byzantine army, which have occupied scientific research from time to time, re-evaluated in order to emphasize the role of the army in the society of the late Byzantine period. The latter remains as powerful as necessary in the contest of a revived Byzantine state.    

Droit déguisé : Quelques considérations sur le rôle du droit byzantin dans la genèse des codes en Europe orientale au XIXe siècle

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Penna, Daphne

2015-01-01

This paper attempts to examine some first questions related to the use of Byzantine law in the codes that emerged during the 19th century in South-Eastern Europe. It focuses on the introductory acts to the codes of Moldavie (1817) and Valachie (1818) and an episode related to the involvement of

Hyperglycemic emergencies in Indian patients with diabetes mellitus on pilgrimage to Amarnathji yatra

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Mohd Ashraf Ganie

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS represent two distinct metabolic derangements manifested by insulin deficiency and severe hyperglycemia, with estimated mortality rates of 2.5-9%. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM controlled by diet or oral agents, DKA does not occur unless there is significant severe stress such as severe sepsis, major surgery, trauma, etc. We observed many such emergencies occurring in pilgrims. Objective: We analyzed the data of 13 patients with DM admitted in our endocrine department with hyperglycemic emergencies during 2 years of the annual pilgrimage (yatra to Amarnathji. Materials and Methods: We reviewed and analyzed the case records of 13 yatris with DM who were referred and admitted in our hospital with hyperglycemic emergencies during the yatra season (July-August of 2006 and 2007. Results: Eleven of 13 had DKA and 1 each had HHS and hypoglycemia. After initial clinical assessment and blood sampling for blood counts, electrolytes, blood gases, urinalysis, chest radiography, and electrocardiography, these cases were managed with standard protocol published by American Diabetes Association (ADA for the management of DKA and HHS. Average blood glucose was 466 mg/dl and nine subjects had moderate to severe ketonuria. All the cases, except one, were in stable condition at the time of discharge. Conclusion: High altitude, strenuous exertion of going uphill, withdrawal of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, starvation, sepsis, and alcohol intake were recorded as predisposing factors. Therefore, there is an immense need for institution of a special health education program to all the yatris before taking the endeavor.

First Foreign-Policy Success of Kievan Commanding Elite in Europe: Byzantine Military Campaign of 860 and Askold's Christianization

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Igor A. Melnichuk

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article, using annalistic sources and Byzantine literary monuments of VIII–IX centuries, attempts to conduct historical and political analysis and estimate major successes of Rus under Askol'd’s reign: Rusichi march on Constantinople in 860 and as a result Christianization of prince and his druzhina. The article presents obvious success of Askold and military and political elite of Rus:- Breakthrough of Russia to the European political space and, consequently, access to economic space: extremely important markets of Byzantium and other states.- Launch of the irreversible process of Christianization of the state, which has become one of the key stages of its development and the important step towards equal access of Russia to the European family of nations.- Selection of Eastern (Orthodox version of Christian doctrine.

Screening of latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers working in Hajj pilgrimage area in Saudi Arabia, using interferon gamma release assay and tuberculin skin test.

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Bukhary, Zakeya A; Amer, Soliman M; Emara, Magdy M; Abdalla, Mohammad E; Ali, Sahar A

2018-01-01

Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) is highly specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is the preferred test in BCG-vaccinated individuals. The few studies that have screened health care workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) using IGRA have varied in agreement with the traditional tuberculin skin test (TST). Assess the prevalence of LTBI among HCWs working in the Hajj pilgrimage using IGRA and TST and measuring their agreement. Cross-sectional prospective. Multiple non-tertiary care hospitals. HCWs who worked during the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia in December 2015. Data was collected by standarized questionnaire. Samples were drawn and analyzed by standard methods. The prevalence of LTBI among HCW and the agreement by kappa statistic between QFT-GIT and TST. 520 subjects. Nurses accounted for 30.7% of the sample and physicians, 19.2%. The majority were BCG vaccinated (98.5%). There were a total of 56 positive by QFT-GIT and the LTBI rate was 10.8%. In 50 QFT positive/476 TST negative the LTBI rate was 10.5% in discordant tests, and in 6 QFT positive/44 TST positive it was 13.6% in concordant tests. The overall agreement between both tests was poor-83% and kappa was 0.02. LTBI prevalence was associated with longer employment (13.1 [9.2] years). The QFT-GIT positive test was significantly higher in physicians (P=.02) and in HCWs working in chest hospitals 16/76 (21.05%) (P=.001). Agreement between the tests was poor. QFT-GIT detected LTBI when TST was negative in HCWs who had a history of close contact with TB patients. A second step TST was not feasible within 2-3 weeks. None.

Characterization of Byzantine pottery from Oltina (Constanţa County), Romania, using PIXE and Optical Microscopy

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Bugoi, Roxana; Talmaţchi, Cristina; Haitǎ, Constantin; Ceccato, Daniele

2018-02-01

An assemblage of 58 ceramic shards discovered in archaeological excavations at Oltina, Romania, dated to the 10th-11th century CE, was subjected to archaeometric investigations in order to reveal the raw materials and manufacturing techniques employed by the potters from the Lower Danube zone during the Byzantine ruling. The initial grouping of the shards according to stylistic criteria was refined by the subsequent petrographic study. Optical Microscopy (OM) detailed the general mineralogy and the pottery fabric, i.e. the textural characteristics, porosity and microstructure, surface treatments and firing. The PIXE analyses of potteries performed at AN2000 accelerator of LNL, INFN, Italy led to the identification of the chemical composition of the ceramic shards. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of the PIXE data evidenced several categories of shards with distinct compositional signatures, the main division being the one separating the ceramic fragments made of kaolinitic clays from the rest of the Oltina potteries.

Investigation of the gilding technique in two post-Byzantine wall paintings using micro-analytical techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katsibiri, Olga; Boon, Jaap J.

2004-01-01

The main churches of two important monasteries in Thessalia, Central Greece, are decorated with wall paintings that hail from the post-Byzantine period. The mural decoration of the main church of the St. Byssarionas Monastery at Doussiko has been attributed to the iconographer Tzortzis. The same painter is believed to have also operated in the main church of the Transfiguration Monastery at the monastic community of Meteora. The light microscopic (LM) examination of the cross-sections of samples taken from the gilded areas of the wall paintings, together with the direct temperature resolved mass spectrometric (DTMS) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (SEM-EDX) analysis, revealed a further resemblance of the materials and the methodology employed. The gold leaf was applied to the paintings by means of a mordant, which contains linseed oil mixed with a lead-containing dryer and an earth pigment or clay. The present study can constitute additional evidence to reinforce the idea that the two churches may have been painted by the same painter or workshop

Nicephorus Blemmydes on the Holy Trinity and the Paraconsistent Notion of Numbers: A Logical Analysis of a Byzantine Approach to the Filioque

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Lourié Basil

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The paper deals with the most controversial - in the modern scholarly discussion - episode within the Byzantine polemics on the Filioque, Nicephorus Blemmydes‘ acknowledgement of proceeding of the Spirit through the Son providing that the Son be considered as generated through the Spirit. The logical intuition behind this theological idea is explicated in the terms of paraconsistent logic and especially of a kind of paraconsistent numbers called by the author “pseudo-natural numbers”. Such numbers could not be interpreted via the notion of ordered pair. Instead, they imply a known (first described by Emil Post in 1941 but still little studied logical connective ternary exclusive OR.

Searching the seat of the soul in Ancient Greek and Byzantine medical literature.

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Lykouras, Eleftherios; Poulakou-Rebelakou, Effie; Ploumpidis, Demetrios N

2010-12-01

The objective of this paper was to examine the ancient and medieval concepts about the seat of the mental functions, as exposed in Greek texts from Antiquity to Byzantine times. The review of the philosophical and medical literature from the original ancient Greek language from the Homeric epics to the Holy Fathers of Christianity, as the problem of the seat of the soul remained without a certain answer through the centuries. Primitive concepts attributed great significance to the soul and dictated cannibal behaviours for the possession and eating of the defeated enemy's heart. Mental functions, such as thinking, feeling and mainly those related to affective manifestations, were attributed to the heart and to some other internal organs (liver, diaphragm) from the times of Greek mythology. Philosophy and empirical medicine had underestimated the brain probably because it is a 'silent' organ, contrary to the palpitating heart, with its obvious participations in the emotional reactions. The role of the brain as the mental organ and the seat of emotions has been gradually recognized. The permanent question of the seat of the soul had been for many centuries a critical dispute and the contribution of Greek philosophical and medical thought was decisive for the contemporary transformation of the whole concept.

The “Whirling Disk” in the Byzantine Iconography. Search for Meaning

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Leshcheva Yana Igorevna

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Τhe article studies the plot of «whirling disk», as an example of light symbolics of the Byzantine iconography of the 11-14th centuries. The author brings up the existing hypotheses of interpretations of this phenomenon and analyzes theological sources which serve as the basis for conclusion about possible symbolic value of this iconographic plot. The author studies the specific iconographic monuments of Cappadocia, Sinai, Thessalonica, Serbia. The analysis of disks’ images allows to make the following supervision: disks were often represented in the most important places of temple space and significant iconographic plots; disks had various art execution and color scheme; the form of disk and idea of whirling were common for all examples. When the disk consists of three segments, it makes sense to assume this trinity, as a symbol of the Holy Trinity. The form of a rotating or shining disk, especially on the Sinai monuments where gold color is the main and form-building element of a luminescence suggests symbolical parallels with a solar disk especially as both in the Scriptus, and in theological works the sun is the image of God or sanctity and good fortune granted by Him. The following assumption of symbolics of rotating or shining disks is consolidated to understanding them as Divine energy. Considering all possible options, the most convincing assumption, from our point of view, is that understanding of rotating disks as Divine energy it has rather serious theological justification in the developed orthodox doctrine about Divine light and energies.

The Byzantine Empress Zoe Porphyrogenita and the quest for eternal youth.

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Panas, Marios; Poulakou-Rebelakou, Effie; Kalfakis, Nicoalos; Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios

2012-09-01

The diachronically continuous struggle for eternal youth as represented by the Byzantine Empress Zoe Porphyrogenita (978-1050). The presentation of a beautiful empress, trying to keep her youth appearance until a prolonged age, applying on herself cosmetic essences and fragrances made in her personal laboratory into the imperial palace. The review of the relevant literature and the historical evidence derived from the historians and chroniclers of her era, as well as the surviving images of Zoe. The eye-witness chroniclers of the era describe her as blonde, with bright white skin, lack of wrinkles, and a very young girl appearance, preserving her beauty even into her 60s. All the historical sources agree that her main occupation was the manufacture of cosmetic essences, and for this purpose, she had installed a laboratory (myrepseion) in her private quarters, where she prepared various drugs and perfumes, spending much of her time for these activities. It is noteworthy that her first two husbands died under circumstances that aroused suspicions of Zoe's involvement in their deaths, as she had parallel love affairs. The best known image of Zoe is the mosaic panel in Saint Sophia, the cathedral Church of Constantinople and her representation has been long discussed, as she was 64 years old at the time of the scene apparently depicted in the panel, and maybe she took the opportunity of adding a more pleasing portrait of herself. The preservation of beauty is a timeless quest and cosmetic dermatology has its origins in antiquity and medieval times. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Roman and Byzantine Motifs in Сказаниe о князьях владимирских (The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir

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Dana Picková

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Vasily III and to a greater extent Ivan the Terrible based their policies on a historical work known as Сказание о князьях владимирских (The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir. Its author attempted to find a connection between the House of Rurikids and the Byzantine and the ancient Roman Empire, although in a completely different context than monk Philotheus of Pskov who invented the idea of eternal Moscow as the third Rome. According to the concept of the author of Сказание, Rurik was a descendant of Prus, a relative of Roman Emperor Octavianus Augustus while Vladimir II Monomakh was said to obtain the insignia of imperial power from the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomakhos.

Characterization of paint and varnish on a medieval Coptic-Byzantine icon: Novel usage of dammar resin

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Abdel-Ghani, M.; Edwards, H. G. M.; Stern, B.; Janaway, R.

2009-08-01

A comprehensive study has been undertaken into a 13th century Coptic-Byzantine icon from the St. Mercurius Church, St. Mercurius monastery, Old Cairo, Egypt. The layered structure, pigment composition and varnish identification were revealed by means of optical and Raman microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The structure of the icon comprised six layers; wooden panel, canvas, white ground, two bole layers and a single paint layer. Azurite (2CuCO 3·Cu(OH) 2), cinnabar (mercuric (II) sulfide α-HgS), yellow ochre (Fe 2O 3·H 2O), hydromagnesite Mg 5(CO 3) 4(OH) 2·4H 2O and lamp black (carbon, C) are the pigments identified in the icon. The green paint area is of interest as it is applied neither with a green pigment nor with a mixture of a blue and yellow pigment. Instead, a yellow layer of dammar resin was applied on top of blue azurite to obtain the green colour. Pinaceae sp. resin mixed with drying oil was used as a protective varnish.

Therapeutic properties and uses of marine invertebrates in the ancient Greek world and early Byzantium.

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Voultsiadou, Eleni

2010-07-20

Marine organisms are currently investigated for the therapeutic potential of their natural products with very promising results. The human interest for their use in healing practices in the Eastern Mediterranean goes back to the antiquity. An attempt is made in the present work to investigate the therapeutic properties of marine invertebrates and the ways they were used in the medical practice during the dawn of the western medicine. The classical Greek texts of the Ancient Greek (Classical, Hellenistic and Roman) and early Byzantine period were studied and the data collected were analysed in order to extract detailed information on the parts of animal bodies and the ways they were used for healing purposes. Thirty-eight marine invertebrates were recorded for their therapeutic properties and uses in 40 works of 20 classical authors, covering a time period of 11 centuries (5th c. BC to 7th c. AD). The identified taxa were classified into 7 phyla and 11 classes of the animal kingdom, while molluscs were the dominant group. Marine invertebrates were more frequently used for their properties relevant to digestive, genitourinary and skin disorders. Flesh, broth, skeleton, or other special body parts of the animals were prepared as drinks, collyria, suppositories, cataplasms, compresses, etc. Marine invertebrates were well known for their therapeutic properties and had a prominent role in the medical practice during the Ancient Greek and the early Byzantine period. The diversity of animal species and their medicinal uses reflect the maritime nature of the Greek civilization, which flourished on the coasts and islands of the Aegean Sea. Most of them were common species exploited by humans for food or other everyday uses. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Population Movement and Virus Spreading: HEV Spreading in a Pilgrimage City, Mashhad in Northeast Iran; an Example.

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Ahmadi Ghezeldasht, Sanaz; Miri, Rahele; Hedayatimoghadam, Mohamadreza; Shamsian, Aliakbar; Bidkhori, Hamidreza; Fathimoghadam, Fahad; Rezaee, Seyyed Abdorrahim

2013-01-01

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is a significant public health concern and responsible for large outbreaks of acute hepatitis in poor sanitary and living conditions. To investigate the impact of population movements on virus spreading, a large-scale population-based survey was performed in a pilgrimage- tourism area, the great Mashhad, capital city of Khorasan province. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1582 randomly selected individuals from general population of Mashhad, north east of Iran, between May to September 2009. Serum samples were tested for total anti-HEV antibody using a specific enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. The prevalence of HEV infection was 14.2% (225/1582) with a maximum of 25.5 % (14/55) in densely populated areas. The highest prevalence was observed in visitant areas (≥ 20%) near the holly shrine with crowded hotels and inns. The differences between these areas and other districts were statistically significant (P socio-economic status, Illiterate individuals were significantly at higher risk for infection than educated persons (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrated that, high prevalence of HEV is related to populated district, which can reach to the highest rate in hotels and inns close to visitants. Traditional sanitation and water supplying systems are the second important factor for the virus transmission. Therefore, it can be concluded that such areas need efficient surveillance systems to prevent the spreading of infectious diseases.

Etude dynamique de l’environnement des villages romano-byzantins de Syrie du Nord ; localisation des structures parcellaires et cadastrales qui leurs sont liées

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Georges Tate

2000-05-01

Full Text Available L’étude porte sur une région de 30.000 km2, allant de la frontière turque à Homs, et communément appelé "le Plateau Calcaire". Sept cents villages, d’époque romaine et byzantine y ont été recensés. Les objectifs Ils sont de deux types : comprendre l’histoire du peuplement, en particulier l’abondon progressif de très nombreux villages entre le 8éme et le 10ème siècle. A cette fin sont notamment indispensables les connaissances relatives, aux terroirs et aux terres arables effectivement disponi...

Recherches sur l’apocalyptique syriaque et byzantine au viie siècle : la place de l’Empire romain dans une histoire du salut

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Pablo Ubierna

2009-02-01

Full Text Available L’occupation perse et la littérature apocalyptiqueLa perception des événements militaires du début du viie siècle – d’abord l’occupation perse et ensuite la guerre arabe – n’est pas écartée, chez les contemporains, de la vision d’un empire, l’empire byzantin, secoué par de fortes controverses religieuses.La préoccupation intellectuelle à propos de la situation de l’Empire fut extrêmement marquée au commencement du viie siècle. Une vie anonyme de l’empereur Maurice inclut un récit de sa mort d...

Avar Embassies to Byzantium according to Menander Protector (annotated translation of the source’s fragments

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Olesya Zhdanovich

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Research objective: to provide the comments and translation of some fragments of Byzantine’s historian Menander Protector, which described the embassies from the Avars’ to Byzantine Empire. To analyze the Romans representation of the Avars as well as to define some factors that shaped these concepts. Research materials: Menander was one of the first early-medieval historian who described the appearance of the Avars in the European territories, their relations with the other peoples of the Dnieper, Black Sea and the Danube regions as well as diplomatic relations with Byzantine Empire. From Menander’s evidence we can get information about the Avars who posed a serious threat to the Empire. Research results and novelty: This publication allows to looking at the nomads from the Romans’ point of view, discovering subjective sides of this representation, which were caused by incomprehension of foreign culture and specific diplomacy. The fragments of Menander’s work are important to further research of the Byzantine Empire’s history, of the Avars and inter-civilization relation in the early Middle Ages.

Ekphrasis Earos. Le topos de la venue du printemps chez des auteurs byzantins

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Marina Loukaki

2013-04-01

Full Text Available La description de la venue du printemps (ekphrasis earos, un topos aux composantes spécifiques dans la littérature de la seconde sophistique, devint l’ objet d’ enseignement reproduit de façon stéréotypée dans les écoles de Rhétorique protobyzantines. La symbolique de la renaissance de la nature s’ est révélée particulièrement favorable à la didascalie chrétienne comme image du Christ ressuscité ; ainsi, l’ekphrasis earos se retrouve dans plusieurs homélies sur Pâques, le Baptême, la Nativité du Christ, l’Annonciation de la Vierge, etc. La jonction de la tradition chrétienne avec la tradition païenne dans la composition des descriptions du printemps semble qu’ elle fut favorisée dans le milieu scolaire de l’ époque médio-byzantine. Les ekphraseis earos de Libanius (Progym. XII 7, de Grégoire de Nazianze (Or. 44 et de Pseudo-Méléagre (AP IX 363 furent des modèles. À partir du XIIe siècle, les nouvelles tendances de la littérature, qui ont remis à l’honneur le roman d’ amour, le monde naturel et les détails de la vie quotidienne, ont donné lieu à des compositions dépourvues de toute allusion chrétienne.

Βιβλιοκρισία του: R. GOUNELLE (ed., Les recensions byzantines de l’Évangile de Nicodème [Corpus Christianorum. Series apocryphorum, Instrumenta 3], Turnhout, Brepols 2008

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Στυλιανός ΛΑΜΠΑΚΗΣ

2010-11-01

Full Text Available  Βιβλιοκρισία του: R. Gounelle,     Les recensions byzantines de l’Évangile de Nicodème [Corpus Christianorum. Series apocryphorum, Instrumenta 3], Turnhout, Brepols 2008, σσ. 332, ΙSΒΝ 978-2-503-52813-7.

Putovní a náboženský turismus jako lidská potřeba ve zdraví a nemoci

OpenAIRE

ŠIMÍKOVÁ, Petra

2012-01-01

Thesis named: ?Pilgrimage and Religious Tourism as human need in health and illness? The phenomenon of pilgrimage and related religious tourism have been more and more discussed recently, although the history of pilgrimage origins in distant past. The main goal of the thesis was to describe two religious cultures, namely Christianity and Islam, to describe the history of pilgrimage and pilgrimage destinations of these two cultures and to compare them. The partial goals were to map attitudes o...

Leo Sgouros – Tyrant and Patriot. The Ruler of the Northeastern Peloponnese in the Early 13th Century

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Viktor N. Chkhaidze

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Leo Sgouros is one of the Byzantine magnates who ruled in the northeastern Peloponnese in the late 12th – early 13th centuries. The paper discusses the separatist activity of the Leo Sgouros which allowed him in a short time to create ephemeral ‘state’ in the South of Thessaly, Boeotia, Attica, Corinth and the Argolid. In order to give legitimacy to his authority Leo Sgouros married the daughter of the deposed Emperor Alexios III. But his way from separatism to Imperial idea was interrupted by the clash with the knights of the Latin Empire who have predetermined his defeat. Among the reasons for the defeat we can name the enmity with the clergy and nonpossibility of joining with other governors in fighting the crusaders. According to later legend, Leo Sgouros died, throwing himself with his horse from the cliff of the Acrocorinth fortress, besieged by the crusaders. According to another version, Leo Sgouros died under the walls of his native city Nauplius. The study examined the seal of the Leo Sgouros with a rare title of sebastohypertatos (higher sebastos, and similar seal which was reused by John Branas. Data analysis suggests that such a contradictory personality as Leo Sgouros’ may be characterized not only as an ambitious tyrant and the defender of Byzantine Hellenism. The Annex contains information about the seven of Sgouros names that have become known in recent years by virtue of the monuments of sphragistics.

Византийские (средиземноморские мечи с перекрестьями с муфтой IX—XI вв. / Byzantine (Mediterranian 9th — 11th century swords with sleeve cross-guards

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Baranov G.V.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The article reviews such as a group of early medieval swords with cross-guards having three main elements: a collar, a quillon and a sleeve. A significant number of such swords as well as separate cross-guards were found in Eastern Europe and are dated from the 9th c. (possibly as early as the second half of the 8th c. to the 11th c. This design of cross-guards is typical of the Mediterranean region. Its wide spread across Eastern Europe should be linked to the influence of the Byzantine Empire, where comparable items can be found in art. The paper categorizes cross-guards of this kind into three main types and describes the principal trends in their evolution: reduction of collar and sleeve height and increasing quillon length. Two types of pommels in such swords are described, as well as remaining elements of scabbards.

The Byzantine Narration of Our Father Agapius and Its Slavonic Translation

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Daria S. Penskaya

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The paper introduces the Greek original of the hagiographic text The Narration of Our Father Agapius (presumably from the 5th–6th centuries, which was widely known in Slavonic tradition but remains almost unknown neither to historians of Byzantine culture and to Slavists. The paper consists of two parts. Drawing upon the critical edition of the text, the first part discusses the peculiarities of the Greek tradition. The manuscript from Athens is much more accurate than the second of the two existing Greek manuscripts, from St. Petersburg. Nevertheless, in some cases the Athenian manuscript is defective. Thus, the first culmination of the narrative, the description of the theophany in the Garden of Paradise, is absent. The episode of the raising of the dead son of a widow is also reduced, probably due to its somewhat magical flavor. However, the manuscript from St. Petersburg in its second part is inferior to the Athenian manuscript reducing vast descriptions—prayers and various details of the rites. A comparison of the two Greek manuscripts reveals vivid folkloric and evangelic images of the Greek original that were concealed by various mistakes made by scribes. The second part of the article compares the Greek original of the Narration with the Slavonic translation. The text from the Uspenskij Sbornik is the main focus of the comparison, but other evidence from the South and East Slavonic traditions are also taken into account. The translation eliminated quite a few major traces of the Greek original. Thus, an intimate first-person narration and a striking detail in which the main character himself tells about his death are eliminated. The names of Paradise sites, theological discourses, exhortations, any vast descriptions disappear. The adjusted symbolic structure of the Narration that reveals the transformation of the character from myst to mystagogue is eliminated in the Slavonic tradition and the main idea of the Greek text�

A Short History of the Chemistry of Painting.

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Friedstein, Harriet G.

1981-01-01

Includes information on: (1) relationship of art and science; (2) paintings' early history; (3) Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, Byzantine, and Medieval painting; (4) chemical analysis of pigments; (5) chemistry of early pigments; and (6) paint media. Tabular data are provided on chemical names for artists' pigments with their earliest known dates. (CS)

Pengarusutamaan Gender Dalam Pengelolaan Haji Di Kota Pontianak

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Rahmaniah, Syarifah Ema

2015-01-01

To organize pilgrimage (hajj) has been a national task involving multi-institutions both in Indonesia and in Saudi Arabia. The Indonesion government is obliged to accelerate the quality of pilgrimage organization in forms of the service of registration administration, manasik advisory, pilgrimage trip, travel documents, air and land transportations, medic, accommodation, food, and security. The study identifies several problems in the pilgrimage management, such as finance and service problem...

Resource-aware system architecture model for implementation of quantum aided Byzantine agreement on quantum repeater networks

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Taherkhani, Mohammand Amin; Navi, Keivan; Van Meter, Rodney

2018-01-01

Quantum aided Byzantine agreement is an important distributed quantum algorithm with unique features in comparison to classical deterministic and randomized algorithms, requiring only a constant expected number of rounds in addition to giving a higher level of security. In this paper, we analyze details of the high level multi-party algorithm, and propose elements of the design for the quantum architecture and circuits required at each node to run the algorithm on a quantum repeater network (QRN). Our optimization techniques have reduced the quantum circuit depth by 44% and the number of qubits in each node by 20% for a minimum five-node setup compared to the design based on the standard arithmetic circuits. These improvements lead to a quantum system architecture with 160 qubits per node, space-time product (an estimate of the required fidelity) {KQ}≈ 1.3× {10}5 per node and error threshold 1.1× {10}-6 for the total nodes in the network. The evaluation of the designed architecture shows that to execute the algorithm once on the minimum setup, we need to successfully distribute a total of 648 Bell pairs across the network, spread evenly between all pairs of nodes. This framework can be considered a starting point for establishing a road-map for light-weight demonstration of a distributed quantum application on QRNs.

Bιβλιοκρισία: M. ALTRIPP (Ηrsg., Byzanz in Europa. Europas östliches Erbe. [BYZANTIOS. Studies in Byzantine History and Civilization 2], Turnhout 2011, ISBN 978-2-503-54153-2

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Στυλιανός ΛΑΜΠΑΚΗΣ

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Βιβλιοκρισία: M. Altripp (Ηrsg., Byzanz in Europa. Europas östliches Erbe. Akten des Kolloquiums 'Byzanz in Europa' vom 11. bis 15. Dezember 2007 in Greifswald [BYZANTIOS. Studies in Byzantine History and Civilization 2], Turnhout 2011, σελ. X + 502, 79 πίν., ISBN 978-2-503-54153-2 (printed version- 978-2-503-54193-8 (online version.

La Graeca fides e la falsità moscovitanel discorso polacco premoderno. Storia di un topos ["Graeca fides and the Perfidy of the Muscovites in the Polish Early Modern Discourse. History of a Topos "

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Roman Krzywy

2015-12-01

Full Text Available "The article discusses the usage of the classical topos Graeca fides to describe the citizens of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in early modern Polish literature (chronicles, diaries, journalistic writings, diplomatic reports etc.. This way of speaking was justified by the identification of the Eastern Orthodox Church with the Greek Byzantine Rite. The formula was used to deprecate Russians and became part of a negative stereotype. The author demonstrates, with diverse examples, how this formula became a constant topos in statements about a country considered hostile in Poland since the 16th century, and in which contexts it was developed."

The awaited miracle: reflections of Marian apparitions in Garabandal, Spain

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Niklas Sjöström

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This article reflects upon Marian apparitions that occurred during the years 1961 to 1965 in the village of San Sebastián de Garabandal, or Garabandal, in northern Spain, giving rise to pilgrimages ever since. The events coincided with the Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II. Garabandal is the only Marian apparition event to have prophesied and commented on Vatican II. Nevertheless, in Christendom, travelling to Garabandal is regarded as an alternative pilgrimage.The pilgrimage route is in several ways unique compared to journeys to other Marian pilgrimage shrines, since it has not yet been approved by the Catholic Church. Pilgrimages to Garabandal were even officially forbidden for several years. The Catholic Church authorities originally declared travelling to Garabandal as forbidden for church officials such as priests and others. This article gives an overview of the case of Garabandal through the years and reflect upon why this place is considered special in comparison to other pilgrimage sites. The study examines such aspects of pilgrimages to this village as location and motivation, the Virgin Mary and Marian apparitions and also the messages and miracles of Garabandal.

The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Byzantium: A review of the evidence on climatic fluctuations, economic performance and societal change

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Xoplaki, Elena; Fleitmann, Dominik; Luterbacher, Juerg; Wagner, Sebastian; Haldon, John F.; Zorita, Eduardo; Telelis, Ioannis; Toreti, Andrea; Izdebski, Adam

2016-04-01

At the beginning of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, in the ninth and tenth century, the medieval eastern Roman empire, more usually known as Byzantium, was recovering from its early medieval crisis and experiencing favourable climatic conditions for the agricultural and demographic growth. Although in the Balkans and Anatolia such favourable climate conditions were prevalent during the eleventh century, parts of the imperial territories were facing significant challenges as a result of external political/military pressure. The apogee of medieval Byzantine socio-economic development, around AD 1150, coincides with a period of adverse climatic conditions for its economy, so it becomes obvious that the winter dryness and high climate variability at this time did not hinder Byzantine society and economy from achieving that level of expansion. Soon after this peak, towards the end of the twelfth century, the populations of the Byzantine world were experiencing unusual climatic conditions with marked dryness and cooler phases. The weakened Byzantine socio-political system must have contributed to the events leading to the fall of Constantinople in AD 1204 and the sack of the city. The final collapse of the Byzantine political control over western Anatolia took place half century later, thus contemporaneous with the strong cooling effect after a tropical volcanic eruption in AD 1257. We suggest that, regardless of a range of other influential factors, climate change was also an important contributing factor to the socio-economic changes that took place in Byzantium during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Crucially, therefore, while the relatively sophisticated and complex Byzantine society was certainly influenced by climatic conditions, and while it nevertheless displayed a significant degree of resilience, external pressures as well as tensions within the Byzantine society more broadly contributed to an increasing vulnerability in respect of climate impacts. Our

Methodological disputes about interpretation of neum notation in the 20th century

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Peno Vesna

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Until the end of the twentieth century in Byzantine musicological science there were two diametrically opposite approaches to the interpretation of the Byzantine neum notation systems and post-Byzantine music heritage after the Fall of Constantinople. Western European scholars, ignoring the post-Byzantine Chant tradition and the last semeography reform from the early nineteenth century, looked at the problems of the musical past only from the perspective of the Middle Ages. Greek researchers have shared the belief that the condition of an adequate understanding of the mid-Byzantine notation, or the so-called old method, is the knowledge of analytical neum system and theory, the basics of which were set up by musicians from the end of the seventeenth and during the eighteenth century, and were finally shaped by Chrisantos, Gregory and Chourmouzios and officially accepted in the Greek church in 1814. The path to overcoming the issues relating to the development of neum notation, and finding an adequate manner of decoding it, led through the understanding of the phenomenon of "interpretation" and other tendencies that marked the post-Byzantine music practice. Two scientists -the Danish Jørgen Raasted, a follower of the Western European musicological methods established by founders of Monumenta Musicae Byzantinae, and Greek theologist and musicologist Gregory Stathes - are specifically responsible for the reconciliation of the different methodological approaches. After numerous and often heated debates, the Danish scientist eventually largely accepted the views of his Greek counterpart. Moreover, he himself insisted, at the musicological conferences organized during the 1980s, on reviewing the controversial issues: the existence of chromatic intervals in the psalmody of the Middle-Ages, the problem of syllabic and melismatic interpretations of stenographic neum records, and so on. Concerning the above mentioned issues, the contemporary trends in

From ancient Greek medicine to EP³OS

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Prokopakis, E. P.; Hellings, P. W.; Velegrakis, G. A.; Kawauchi, H.

2010-01-01

The manuscripts of eminent Byzantine physicians from the 4th to the 14th century contain extensive information on various otorhinolaryngological issues. In their work, the early knowledge of rhinological disease from definition and symptoms to conservative treatment and surgical intervention is

Impact of earthquakes on agriculture during the Roman-Byzantine period from pollen records of the Dead Sea laminated sediment

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Leroy, Suzanne A. G.; Marco, Shmuel; Bookman, Revital; Miller, Charlotte S.

2010-03-01

The Dead Sea region holds the archives of a complex relationship between an ever-changing nature and ancient civilisations. Regional pollen diagrams show a Roman-Byzantine period standing out in the recent millennia by its wetter climate that allowed intensive arboriculture. During that period, the Dead Sea formed laminites that display mostly a seasonal character. A multidisciplinary study focused on two earthquakes, 31 BC and AD 363, recorded as seismites in the Ze'elim gully A unit III which has been well dated by radiocarbon in a previous study. The sampling of the sediment was done at an annual resolution starting from a few years before and finishing a decade after each earthquake. A clear drop in agricultural indicators (especially Olea and cereals) is shown. These pollen indicators mostly reflect human activities in the Judean Hills and coastal oases. Agriculture was disturbed in large part of the rift valley where earthquake damage affected irrigation and access to the fields. It took 4 to 5 yr to resume agriculture to previous conditions. Earthquakes must be seen as contributors to factors damaging societies. If combined with other factors such as climatic aridification, disease epidemics and political upheaval, they may lead to civilisation collapse.

The Letters of Maximos Planudes to Alexios Philanthropenos and Melchisedek Akropolites: the Problems of Source Studies in the Context of the Politico-Military Situation in Byzantium in the Late 13th C.

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Pavel I. Lysikov

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This research work is dedicated to the problem of dating of the Byzantine scholar and monk Maximos Planudes’ letters to the general, pinkernes Alexios Philanthropenos and his companion, monk Melchisedek Akropolites. Our goal is to date these letters on the basis of their content and data from other sources and to reconstruct chronological sequence of their writing. The period of time when Alexios Philanthropenos was in office of dux of Thrakision (1293–1295 during which he conducted some military operations against the Turks of beyliks Germiyan and Menteєe has a special place in the history of the Byzantine-Turkish wars in the early Palaiologan era. At this time the Byzantine state made some of its last successful military efforts in this struggle. By studying this theme the present article makes a contribution to research the Byzantine wars against the Turks and the military art and military organization of the empire in the late 13th century. Following the explicit consideration of some disputed items in dating of Maximos Planudes’ letters to the persons mentioned above (42 letters the author specifies the chronological sequence of their writing and clarifies the stages of the Alexios Philanthropenos’ military activity in Asia Minor. This article also makes a contribution to using of epistolographic data in historical study.

ASPECTE PRIVIND CIRCULAŢIA TURISTICĂ RELIGIOASĂ. STUDIU DE CAZ: MĂNĂSTIREA NUCET, JUDEŢUL DÂMBOVIŢA

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Liviu Mușat

2016-06-01

Full Text Available On religious tourist movement. Case study on Nucet Monastery, Dâmboviţa County. One of the most important religious pilgrimages, with a remarkable dynamics from year to year, is the one that takes place at Nucet Monastery, in Dâmboviţa County. More precisely, the pilgrimage to Crucea de Leac (the Healing Cross, located in close proximity to the monastery, on the Life-giving Spring. The monastery dates back to the early sixteenth century and its foundation is attributed to boyar Gherghina Pârcălab, one of Prince Radu the Handsome’s uncles. Throughout time, it has undergone many transformations. In 1940, it was abandoned and it was re-established as monastery in 1994. The study aimed to highlight the profile of the high number of pilgrims attending this event - reaching several thousands and increasing every year - and to issue some recommendations on how to increase its attractiveness and economic impact. In this regard, I prepared a questionnaire for 119 subjects who participated in the pilgrimage on the Life-giving Spring, celebrated on the 6th of May 2016. The results of this survey, the conclusions I have drawn and the recommendations I have issued are the subject of this material.

Byzantium and Armenia: Metamarphosis of Military Connections (The Readers’ Opinion About the Book: Ayvazyan, A. The Armenian Military in the Byzantine Empire. Conflict and Alliance Under Justinian and Maurice [Text] / A. Ayvazyan. – Alfortville : Editions Sigest, 2014. – 152 p.

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Nikolay D. Barabanov

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The article provides a critical analysis of the monography of Armen Ayvazyan “The Armenian Military in the Byzantine Empire. Conflict and Alliance under Justinian and Maurice” (Alfortville, 2014. The conclusion of non-conformity of the title and its content is made. The structure and logic of the work are considered. Examples of unjustified unambiguous interpretation of controversial issues are given. The authors detected the narrative character of the work, which brought the relatively small contribution to the Armenian studies and military-historical science.

PENGARUSUTAMAAN GENDER DALAM PENGELOLAAN HAJI DI KOTA PONTIANAK

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Syarifah Ema Rahmaniah

2015-06-01

Full Text Available To organize pilgrimage (hajj has been a national task involving multi-institutions both in Indonesia and in Saudi Arabia. The Indonesion government is obliged to accelerate the quality of pilgrimage organization in forms of the service of registration administration, manasik advisory, pilgrimage trip, travel documents, air and land transportations, medic, accommodation, food, and security. The study identifies several problems in the pilgrimage management, such as finance and service problems that are not transparent, fair, participative, long waiting list, transportation, accommodation, and the problem of managements that is not responsive genderCopyright (c 2015 by KARSA. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/karsa.v23i1.611 

A study of gemstones of the I. D. Passa collection, hosted at the Byzantine and Christian Museum of Greece.

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Griva, Eirini; Perraki, Maria; Katsaros, Thomas; Ganetsos, Theodoros

2017-04-01

Eight sculptures, of the large gemstone art collection of Ioannis D. Passas hosted at the Byzantine and Christian Museum of Greece, were studied by means of portable Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence to identify the type and, if possible, the origin of the gemstones they are made of. The application of portable Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray fluorescence have been proven to be rapid and successful analytical methods to study gemstones, with main advantage their non- destructive character. The eight sculptures of the I.D. Passa collection examined herein, based on their Raman features and XRF data, were confirmed to be nephrite, fluorite, lapis lazuli, rhodonite and turquoise. The Raman spectrum of specimen BXM 23989a is characterized by peaks at approximately 244, 378 and 685 cm-1 assigned to nephrite. In the XRF spectrum, the most intense emission lines were those of Ca and Fe at 3.69 and 6.36 keV, respectively. The Raman spectra of specimens BXM 24357-8a and BXM 24354 are characterized by peaks at 731, 1122, 1364, 1778 and 1880 cm-1attributed to fluorite. As for the XRF spectra, F and Ca have strong peaks at 0.60 keV and 3.69 keV, respectively. The Raman spectra of specimens BXM 24201a,b and BXM 24198 are characterized by strong peaks at 553 and 1319.1 cm-1 assigned to Lapis Lazuli, whereas the respective XRF spectra are characterized by strong peaks at 1.74 keV (Si) and 3.69 keV (Ca). A representative Raman spectrum of specimen BXM 24289 has given a strong peak at 633 cm-1, attributed to rhodonite. The respective XRF spectrum is characterized by strong peaks at 5.87 keV and 1.74 keV, pointing to the presence of Mn and Si, respectively. A typical Raman spectrum of specimens BXM 24142a and BXM 24139a exhibit strong peaks at 231, 417 and 1042 cm-1, characteristic of turquoise. In the XRF spectra, the most intense emission lines are those of Cu and Zn at 8.04 and 8.63 keV respectively. Regarding the origin of the above-mentioned gemstones, one could assume the

Approches sur l’historiographie du genre à Byzance

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Georges Sidéris

2008-01-01

Les études de genre occupent une place importante dans les études byzantines. Le rôle des femmes, des eunuques, des hommes en tant que mâles, mais aussi de la domination masculine dans la société byzantine est maintenant bien reconnu. Ces études reflètent la diversité et la spécificité de la société byzantine.Gender Studies hold an important place in Byzantine Studies. Roles of women and eunuchs as well as masculinity and male domination in the Byzantine society are now well recognized. Gende...

The Pilgrimage to the Holy Face of Lucca in 1896: Documents and News from the Archive of the Congregation of the Holy Face

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Tommaso Maria Rossi

2017-12-01

Full Text Available 100 records and many other documentary testimonies regarding the Congregation of the Holy Face of Lucca are stored within the funds of the Historical Diocesan Archive of Lucca. The Chapters of the Society of the Holy Face are present within the same Archive; this document is dated back to 1306-1308 and it is brought up together with the minutes of the meetings in a paper register of 16th-17th century, the only one remained concerning the renewed Society of the Holy Sacrament and the Holy Face. The brotherhood recovered importance during the 19th century mostly thanks to some priests of Lucca, including the Abbot Pietro Pera (the future Archbishop between 1845 and 1846. Specifically, two important moments regarding the renewed interest for the relics of Lucca can be registered after the Napoleonic Era. First, a competition for the construction of a golden lamp for the chapel of the Holy Face was carried out between 1835 and 1836, and Abbot Pera was charged to supervise the enterprise. Related documentaries as well as the various drawings presented for the competition are stored in the Archives of the Congregation of the Holy Face. Moreover, a pilgrimage to the simulacrum of Lucca took place during 1896. This event was very successful: the City and the entire Diocese accurately organized the arrival of about 132,000 pilgrims by controlling pilgrims’ overnighting and daily meals, and developing a visiting route concerning the shrines of the City.

Store-Carry and Forward-Type M2M Communication Protocol Enabling Guide Robots to Work together and the Method of Identifying Malfunctioning Robots Using the Byzantine Algorithm

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Yoshio Suga

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This paper concerns a service in which multiple guide robots in an area display arrows to guide individual users to their destinations. It proposes a method of identifying malfunctioning robots and robots that give wrong directions to users. In this method, users’ mobile terminals and robots form a store-carry and forward-type M2M communication network, and a distributed cooperative protocol is used to enable robots to share information and identify malfunctioning robots using the Byzantine algorithm. The robots do not directly communicate with each other, but through users’ mobile terminals. We have introduced the concept of the quasi-synchronous number, so whether a certain robot is malfunctioning can be determined even when items of information held by all of the robots are not synchronized. Using simulation, we have evaluated the proposed method in terms of the rate of identifying malfunctioning robots, the rate of reaching the destination and the average length of time to reach the destination.

Η πολεµική τέχνη των πρώιµων Σλάβων (ΣΤ΄-Ζ΄ αι.

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Γεώργιος ΚΑΡΔΑΡΑΣ

2009-05-01

Full Text Available THE ART OF WAR OF THE EARLY SLAVS (6TH-7THC. A. D.  This study deals with the development of warfare among the early Slavs during the 6th and 7th c. A. D. Its main focus is based on the equipment, the tactic, the art of ship building, the use of the horse, the art of siege and the fortifications. The testimony of sources is critically viewed with respect to the above questions, while with regard to the equipment a number of archaeological data is also added. The conclusions reached, attribute to a large degree the development of the early Slav warfare to contacts with nomadic tribes, and the Avars in particular, with whom they conducted common attacks in Byzantine territory. In certain cases, the extensive use of the horse by the Slavs is attested, as against the traditional view that they usually fought as foot soldiers, and the absence of fortifications among the Slavs of the Lower Danube. The use of the Slavic light spear by the Byzantine army is also noticed.  

Digital surveying and new perspectives on the Byzantine Oratory of the Catacomb of Saint Lucia in Syracuse

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Mariateresa Galizia

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The study conducted Oratory Byzantine catacombs of Saint Lucia in Syracuse comes from the observation of the precarious condition of the underground funerary complex from the point of view of the static structures, which have undergone several alterations over the centuries due to landslides, blockages, collapses and subsequent excavations, conservation of the frescoes found that as a result of survey campaigns that have occurred intermittently on the monument. These difficulties have conditioned the public opening of only a part of the catacombs -la region A and the Oratory of the Forty Martiri- leaving hidden the community many significant spaces including the Oratory. The research will then, through the survey instrument with laser scanner, acquire a geometric-formal documentation of this important area through a 3D model on which to investigate aspects of a static nature, geological, material, historical, archaeological, necessary for a proper design of future interventions for the protection and consolidation of the catacomb. In fact, the 3D model obtained is a virtual copy of the recorded space through which it is possible to speculate on some design and physical environmental conditions of the sites, such as lighting and ventilation, and on some solutions distribution-functional, providing also a possible model for 3D navigation allows the virtual tour of the places underground. The location of the site, the distribution of the planimetric and static environmental conditions represented in research critical issues to be addressed in the survey phase of underground sites, providing for the research group of the fixed points on which to structure a possible protocol operating acquisition, integration, management and processing of the acquired data subject to change.

The Ottoman Siege and Assault of Constantinople in 1422 AD: Its Military and Political Aspect

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Tatiana V. Kushch

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the military and political aspect of the Turkish siege of Constantinople in 1422 AD, when the Ottomans gained valuable experience to use it later, in the final battle of 1453. The research is based on the analysis of fifteenth-century Byzantine historical and rhetorical works. The author of this paper has reconstructed the course of the siege and the main stages of preparation to the decisive assault, has analysed the enemy’s military plans, the alignment of forces and tactical ploys of siege warfare, the specificities of Ottoman weaponry, and the sides’ actions during the assault. Attention has been paid to the Byzantines’ behaviour in the period of military conflict and the emperors’ political actions for the conflict resolution. The history of the siege and assault of the Byzantine capital in 1422 has been placed into the political context of the period in question, and has been uncovered as a stage in the development of the Byzantine-Ottoman relations in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth century. The paper concludes that the Ottomans’ rout resulted from a series of circumstances: the perfection of the fortification system of Constantinople, total mobilization of the metropolitan population, the lack of maritime blockade, and the rebel in the rear of the Ottomans starting not without a help from the Byzantines, all of this allowed the city to withstand. The siege was relieved; however, the situation in foreign policy was still difficult for Byzantium, thus making the emperor to search for peace with the sultan.

Approches sur l’historiographie du genre à Byzance

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Georges Sidéris

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Les études de genre occupent une place importante dans les études byzantines. Le rôle des femmes, des eunuques, des hommes en tant que mâles, mais aussi de la domination masculine dans la société byzantine est maintenant bien reconnu. Ces études reflètent la diversité et la spécificité de la société byzantine.Gender Studies hold an important place in Byzantine Studies. Roles of women and eunuchs as well as masculinity and male domination in the Byzantine society are now well recognized. Gender studies in Byzantium do reflect the diversity and the specificity of this society.

Were women, too, allowed to offer sacrifice in Israel? Observations on the meaning and festive form of sacrifice in Deuteronomy1

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Georg Braulik

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Although the question whether women in Israel were also allowed to present offerings stands in accordance with modern ways of thought and speech, it is not self-evident at all. This is immediately proved in the example of the sacrificial hermeneutics of the early church and of a precise semantics of biblical statements on sacrifice. The view on sacrifices and their presenters thus gained, is then illustrated by means of the pilgrimage feast which was conducted by the family of Elkanah at the sanctuary in Shiloh (1 Sm 1. The function which was given to women in the ancient Israelite sacrificial cult was also taken up by the centralisation of the cult by king Josiah and by Deuteronomy. It is now to be found in the pilgrimage schema of the Deuteronomic festal theory. Moreover, the meal proves itself to be the structure of meaning of the sacrifice. The right of women, too, can only be determined within the framework of this liturgical communal meal.

Μεταβυζαντινοί σύνθετοι και ημισύνθετοι τετρακιόνιοι σταυροειδείς εγγεγραμμένοι ναοί της Πελοποννήσου

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Βασίλειος Δ. ΜΕΣΣΗΣ

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Complex and semi-complex cross in-square four columned post Byzantine churches in Peloponnese, GreecePost Byzantine churches in Peloponnese that belong to the two variations of the four columned cross in-square type, the complex and the semi-complex, differ from each other but at the same time share much in common. They can also be classified in groups. Ιn general terms, the application of the type in post Byzantine Peloponnese expresses the middle Byzantine tradition, whereas the churches built by the beginning of 18th century show a removal from that tradition. Moreover we can realise the close typological relationship between athonite type churches (complex cross in-square four columned type with side choirs churches, and complex cross in-square four columned type without side choirs churches in Peloponnese. To conclude, we could refer to the strong connection between post Byzantine church construction in Peloponnese and its Byzantine origins. This connection is so powerful and vivid that one can easily seek it both in the choice of church types that flourished in the Middle Byzantine period and in the persistent repetition of many characteristics of those types. 

White and Breitborde's French Paleolithic Collections of the Logan Museum of Anthropology. 1992. Logan Museum Bulletin (new series)

OpenAIRE

Thacker, Paul

1995-01-01

At some point in their training, most Paleolithic archaeologists succumb to the almost spiritual pull of the French Perigord and undertake the pilgrimage. While today's prehistorians visit numerous French museums and are able to purchase a spectrum of teaching aids from artifact replicas to CD-ROM images of rockshelter exca­vations, the situation facing Alonzo Pond and George Collie in the early 1920's was quite differ...

Ziarah Perspektif Kajian Budaya (Studi Pada Situs Makam Mbah Priuk Jakarta Utara

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Syahdan Syahdan

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Pilgrimage in this study tries to investigate from the perspective of cultural study, they are form (significant, function (application, interaction and meaning (signifie. This study aimed to obtain information about the process of pilgrimage ritual at the tomb of Mbah Priuk, also trying to comprehend the function and meaning contained in the pilgrimage ritual activities conducted at the tomb of Mbah Priuk. The results obtained in this study show that all the informants who researcher encountered have similar view about Mbah Priuk. The people’s motive who do pilgrimage, in general, is to pray and make Mbah Priuk as a mediator. The unique ritual done by pilgrims is throwing banknotes or coins into a small pond. In this ritual many pilgrims choose the pool eventhough there is already a place to put the money provided by the cemetary organizer. 

The “Apocryphal” Inscription from Mangup, Crimea, and Rituals of “Exposing the Thief”: Magic and Law from Antiquity to the Middle Ages

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Andrey Yu. Vinogradov

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The discovery of a Byzantine bread stamp inscribed with the text of Ps 29:8 in the ruins of Mangup Basilica in Crimea allows the authors of this article to revise the entire tradition of the Byzantine magical and folk “recipes” for revealing a thief; it is this context in which this verse is used in combination with a special bread. Prototypes of these recipes and procedures are attested in the late antique syncretic (pagan-Judeo-Christian magical papyri, in which private persons are advised to detect thieves by means of special spells, used either on their own or in combination with bread and cheese, an image of an eye, birds, bowls of water, and laurel leaves. In middle- and late-Byzantine manuscripts, these procedures are still present but in “Christianized” forms, even to the extent that a bread-and-cheese (or just bread procedure is sometimes described as a regular liturgical rite, performed in a church. In the meantime, there is evidence indicating that the Byzantine hierarchy had been struggling with this and other instances of using magical procedures under the cloak of the Christian liturgy, and, in particular, bishops had been expelling priests who used bread sortilege to determine guilt. However, in Western Europe, especially in Germany and England, where spells against thieves had also been known since antiquity, the bread ordeal (English: Corsnaed, German: Bissprobe became an accepted judicial practice, and even found its way into the official law codes of 11th-century England. Quite surprisingly, a similar phenomenon is attested in Russia (Novgorod in the early 15th century. Taking into account the Crimean bread stamp studied in this article, one can conclude that bread ordeals, prohibited in Constantinople, could have been tolerated in the Byzantine periphery, including Crimea, and that it is from these areas that this practice could have come to some Russian regions as well.

Life-giving springs and The Mother of God Zhivonosen Istochnik / Zoodochos Pege / Balikliyska. Byzantine-Greek-Ottoman intercultural influence and its aftereffects in iconography, religious writings and ritual practices in the region of Plovdiv

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Magdalena Lubańska

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Life-giving springs and The Mother of God  Zhivonosen Istochnik / Zoodochos Pege / Balikliyska. Byzantine-Greek-Ottoman intercultural influence and its aftereffects in iconography, religious writings and ritual practices in the region of Plovdiv This article looks at veneration of healing springs (ayazma in Orthodox Christian churches and monasteries in the region of Plovdiv and Asenovgrad (Bulgaria to raise the problem of its connections to Byzantine, Greek and Ottoman religious cultures of Constantinople/Istanbul. My argument is based on the fieldwork and archival research I conducted in 2012–2014 to seek an answer to a research question that had kept me intrigued for over a decade: namely, what is the meaning, in practical terms, of the claim frequently made by Orthodox Christians that the various religious rituals they engaged in (with the exception of funerary ones were practiced “for health” (za zdrave.   Życiodajne źródła i Bogurodzica Żiwonosen Iztocznik / Zoodochos Pege / Baliklijska. Bizantyńsko-grecko-osmańskie oddziaływania międzykulturowe i ich reperkusje w ikonografii, piśmiennictwie i praktykach rytualnych w regionie Płowdiwu Niniejszy artykuł poświęcono problematyce kultu leczniczych wód (ajazma na terenie bułgarskich prawosławnych cerkwi i monasterów w regionie Płowdiwu i Asenowgradu oraz jego domniemanych związków z bizantyńską, grecką i osmańską kulturą religijną Konstantynopola/Stambułu. Swoje tezy autorka opiera na badaniach terenowych i kwerendach archiwalnych prowadzonych w latach 2012–2014. Badania miały na celu odnalezienie odpowiedzi na nękające autorkę od ponad dekady pytanie badawcze, co prawosławni wierni mają na myśli, gdy uzasadniają praktycznie wszystkie podejmowane przez siebie religijne rytuały (z wyjątkiem funeralnych tym, że wykonują je „dla zdrowia” (za zdrave.

HAJI DAN STATUS SOSIAL: Studi Tentang Simbol Agama di Kalangan Masyarakat Muslim

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M. Zainuddin

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Religion as a fact and history has symbolic and sociological dimensions as a structure of abstract realm regardless of space and time. Pilgrimage substantially contains humanity values, such as the doctrines of equality, the necessity to preserve life, property, and honor of others, a ban of oppressing or exploiting the weak people, either economically or others. For example, releasing daily wear and changing it with ihram wear has meaning to erase the social gaps between the rich and the poor. That is the ideal teaching of pilgrimage making one aware that he is a social human. This paper is sociologically intended to see the phenomenon of pilgrimage in the Muslim society of Indonesia, especially in Java. The study showed that the pilgrimage of the majority of Indonesian Muslim is loaded with social attributes. Although the pilgrim is a part of the religion pillars, it has been utilized   by the local ruling elite as a political resource or a mean to establish power legitimacy.

Athens Versus Jerusalem? The Attitude Towards Scientific Knowledge in Byzantium

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Tatiana A. Senina (nun Kassia

2017-11-01

Full Text Available There was a considerable shift towards ‘profane’ Hellenistic knowledge in Byzantium during time as Byzantines refrained themselves from complete rejection of the ‘pagan wisdom’, which characterized the early Christianity, and allowed it as an educative and rhetorical tool against heretics. By the 9th century, Christians didnt need to stand the competition with pagan religion any longer and the interest in Hellenistic culture soared. In the 11th century, intellectuals not only studied Greek and Roman authors but also sometimes used their views as the basis of afterlife explanation of the worldview competing with Orthodox ones. The 14th century witnessed the progress of this approach in praising the ‘theoria of beings’ instead of the mystic ‘theoria of God’, which was put as an ideal of an educated man by Byzantine intellectuals. This was a base for fruitful development of science. The worldview of Byzantine humanists based on ancient culture was in strong opposition to the Church, bringing itself from rigid Orthodoxy to experiments with pagan philosophy and scientific research. The Hesychast discussion that arose soon followed by victory of Palamism created different attitudes as Gregory Palama stated that science is useless and, even more, harmful for piety. George Gemistos Plethon confronted this conservatism by his views, which, however radical, were extension of Byzantine philosophy of previous centuries. The highest arete for Plethon was not a complete refusal of everything mundane for God’s sake but was a sort of scientific and philosophical realization of reality: a man is ‘a spectator at a feast’ of life having the vocation to watch the being. All in all, the Plethon’s credo, being free of Christian paradigm, is a real hymn to reason and science.

XOPÓS = Chorós : the dance of Adam

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Isar, Nicoletta

is contained in the very title of the book: “the Dance of Adam.” This dance alone gives ontological meaning to the Byzantine subject, to the whole Byzantine ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿a. In this choral equation, Adam stands for the humanity all-embracing. The book reads ¿¿¿¿¿ from an interdisciplinary perspective, incorporating....... The originality of Isar’s Chorography stands in unveiling and enforcing an important paradigm (¿¿¿¿¿) in the Byzantine studies, which has deep roots in ancient practices. However, the Byzantine ¿¿¿¿¿ reflects a unique ontology, a new vision of the mode of being, creation and imagination in Byzantium. Its ontology...

Lichen as Bioindicator for Monitoring Environmental Status in Western Himalaya, India

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Sugam Gupta

2016-05-01

Full Text Available The use of bioindicator communities (lichen to assess the environmental status of an area is a well-proved strategy to monitor any habitat without any logistic and instrumental facilities. In the present study, 13 bioindicator communities of lichen have been used to assess the environmental status of holy pilgrimage (Badrinath, western Himalaya, India. Three sites (i.e. Badrinath, Mana & pilgrimage route from Bhimpul to Vasudhara have been comparatively assessed. The results of the study reveals that Badrinath site is less polluted and experiences low degree of anthropogenic disturbances compared to Mana, and pilgrimage route (Bhimpul to Vasudhara. Human settlements, construction of civil works, vehicular emission, and trampling and trekking by tourists are the major threats on these habitats, which ultimately decrease the quality of vegetation and adjacent environment. Controlled vehicular use, promotion of modern way of cooking and managed trekking in these pilgrimage routes could be helpful to combat the decreasing vegetation and environmental quality therein.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-2, Mar-May 2016 page: 1-15

The Royal Book by Haly Abbas from the 10th century: one of the earliest illustrations of the surgical approach to skull fractures.

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Aciduman, Ahmet; Arda, Berna; Kahya, Esin; Belen, Deniz

2010-12-01

Haly Abbas was one of the pioneering physicians and surgeons of the Eastern world in the 10th century who influenced the Western world by his monumental work, The Royal Book. The book was first partly translated into Latin by Constantinus Africanus in the 11th century without citing the author's name. Haly Abbas was recognized in Europe after full translation of The Royal Book by Stephen of Antioch in 1127. The Royal Book has been accepted as an early source of jerrah-names (surgical books) in the Eastern world. The chapters regarding cranial fractures in Haly Abbas' work include unique management strategies for his period with essential quotations from Paul of Aegina's work Epitome. Both authors preferred free bone flap craniotomy in cranial fractures. Although Paul of Aegina, a Byzantine physician and surgeon, was a connection between ancient traditions and Islamic interpretation, Haly Abbas seemed to play a bridging role between the Roman-Byzantine and the School of Salerno in Europe.

Η Ιατρική Τέχνη στο Βυζάντιο / The Art of Healing in Byzantium

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Bouras-Vallianatos, Petros

2016-01-01

This article provides a critical examination of the available diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques in the Byzantine period. In the field of diagnosis primary role is given to the examination of pulse and urine. In contrast to the theory of pulse, which did not enjoy any considerable development in the Byzantine period, the Byzantines were innovative in the examination of urine (uroscopy), which held a central role in the middle and late periods. In the field of therapeutics, the use ...

Byzantine Taurica in the Second Half of the 11th Century and New Seal of Leon Aliates from Cherson

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Nikolay A. Alekseenko

2017-11-01

Full Text Available he discovery of a valuable and important sphragistic source in Cherson – the seal of Strategos and Patrikios Leon Aliates, known by the inscription of 1059, brings us back to the old problems of the development of the administrative system of the Crimean region. Basing the research on the other data as well, today we can confidently state that the presence of the imperial administration in Taurica in the second half of the 11th century does not only decrease, but even expands and reinforces. This is associated, firstly, with Sougdea joining Cherson, and, secondly, with the creation of Cherson katepanate and making Sougdea an independent theme. The seal of vetarch Nicephorus Alan, catepan of Cherson and Khazaria, proves the existence of a new military administrative district in Taurica in the second half of the 11th – at the turn of the 11th / 12th centuries. This fact makes it necessary not only to look in a new way at the history of the region during the collapse of the feudal system, but also in a certain sense to reestimate the role and significance of Cherson in Byzantine politics and diplomacy of that time. The appearance of the katepanate in Taurica, which included not only the traditional regions around Cherson, but also the vast Khazar lands of the Steppe and Northeast Crimea in the sphere of its jurisdiction, was caused by the need to increase the military force of borderlands in the face of an ever-increasing threat from the nomads of the north. For the same reason, Sougdea becomes an independent theme, designed to control the East-Crimean region, the Azov Sea and the Caucasian coast of Ponta. It is possible that a similar situation could apply to Bosporus. The finds of the seals of Russian princes and governors of Tmutarakan in the very area of Bosporus and Sougdea serve as indirect evidence in favor of this fact.

Placebo - More hatred than love

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Hong-Liang Zhang

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A placebo is a sham medical intervention that can produce a placebo effect. Laboratory evidence supports the existence of several mechanisms of placebo effects in both healthy population and patients with a variety of medical conditions. The ethics of placebos have long been debated. However, accumulating ethical concern has arisen from the worldwide use of placebo in randomized control trials (RCTs, which may render their participants without early and optimal treatment. Although the pilgrimage of placebo is still on the way, refinement of controls in RCTs is worth paying new attention to.

Placebo - More hatred than love.

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Zhang, Hong-Liang

2011-01-01

A placebo is a sham medical intervention that can produce a placebo effect. Laboratory evidence supports the existence of several mechanisms of placebo effects in both healthy population and patients with a variety of medical conditions. The ethics of placebos have long been debated. However, accumulating ethical concern has arisen from the worldwide use of placebo in randomized control trials (RCTs), which may render their participants without early and optimal treatment. Although the pilgrimage of placebo is still on the way, refinement of controls in RCTs is worth paying new attention to.

Oral and cranio-maxillofacial surgery in Byzantium.

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Mylonas, Anastassios I; Poulakou-Rebelakou, Eleftheria-Fotini; Androutsos, Georgios I; Seggas, Ioannis; Skouteris, Christos A; Papadopoulou, Evangelia Chr

2014-03-01

Byzantine physicians (4th-7th and 8th-12th centuries A.D.), especially those interested in Surgery, developed a number of interesting concepts, views and opinions referring to the field now recognized as Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology. The original texts of Byzantine physicians, written in ancient Greek, and now preserved in the electronic platform Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, at the University of California, Irvine, CA, USA, were investigated in relation to Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology. The most eminent physicians of the Early (4th-7th century A.D.) and Middle (8th-12th century A.D.) Byzantine Period, in particular Oribasius Pergamenus, Aëtius Amidenus, Alexander Trallianus, Theophilus Protospatharius, Paulus Aegineta, Meletius Monachos, and Leo Medicus, in their works deal with topographic and surgical anatomy of the head and neck, and a large list of related topics, including dentoalveolar surgery, oral and cervicofacial infections, trauma of viscerocranium and neurocranium as well as the biomechanics of traumatic brain injuries, temporomandibular joints dysfunction as a consequence of mandibular dislocation, surgical oncology and reconstructive surgery of the head and neck, oral pathology, surgical pathology of salivary glands, therapeutic management of facial nerve dysfunction, preprosthetic surgery, craniofacial surgery, and deformities of the facial skeleton involving anthropologic and craniometric observations. Clinical examination of patients presenting corresponding functional and esthetic problems is considered, using recognizable orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approaches. Finally, specific bandages of the head and neck are described, for treating traumatic injuries of the viscerocranium and neurocranium, diastasis of the cranial sutures, dislocations of the mandible (unilateral and bilateral), as well as inflammatory diseases of the parotids and the neck. Byzantine physicians had been particularly

75 FR 5637 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “Architecture as Icon...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-03

... Determinations: ``Architecture as Icon: Perception and Representation of Architecture in Byzantine Art'' SUMMARY... objects to be included in the exhibition ``Architecture as Icon: Perception and Representation of Architecture in Byzantine Art,'' imported from abroad for temporary exhibition within the United States, are of...

Div a zázrak v mayských poutích do Esquipulas

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Jan Kapusta

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The study deals with pilgrimages to Esquipulas, Guatemala, and patterns of miracle in terms of their perception by the pilgrims reaching this prominent religious hub of Central America. Two key pilgrimage discourses are distinguished: traditional Maya pilgrimage, based on regular, calendar customs, and conventional Catholic pilgrimage, founded on occasional journeys to fulfil a vow. The Western understanding of miracle as a transgression of "natural laws" or "common course of nature" is relativized and contested arguing that the ethnographic evidence of Esquipulas shows not only different, but also opposite conceptions. Then, the study presents a spectrum of miracle ideas drawing from the Maya as well as European - the case of Lourdes is exemplary here - traditions in terms of the degree of their uncommonness. It is concluded that anthropology has to comprehend miracles as marvels in its cultural context; nevertheless, there is a widespread idea among many cultures that miracle is something wonderful, related to the awareness of non-obviousness of certain things and phenomena. Miracles find its content and meaning within particular cosmology, but, anchored in the psychological characteristics of the astonishment and the difference between usual and unusual or ordinary and extraordinary, they refer to features of human mind in a more general way.

Div a zázrak v mayských poutích do Esquipulas

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Jan Kapusta

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The study deals with pilgrimages to Esquipulas, Guatemala, and patterns of miracle in terms of their perception by the pilgrims reaching this prominent religious hub of Central America. Two key pilgrimage discourses are distinguished: traditional Maya pilgrimage, based on regular, calendar customs, and conventional Catholic pilgrimage, founded on occasional journeys to fulfil a vow. The Western understanding of miracle as a transgression of “natural laws” or “common course of nature” is relativized and contested arguing that the ethnographic evidence of Esquipulas shows not only different, but also opposite conceptions. Then, the study presents a spectrum of miracle ideas drawing from the Maya as well as European – the case of Lourdes is exemplary here – traditions in terms of the degree of their uncommonness. It is concluded that anthropology has to comprehend miracles as marvels in its cultural context; nevertheless, there is a widespread idea among many cultures that miracle is something wonderful, related to the awareness of non-obviousness of certain things and phenomena. Miracles find its content and meaning within particular cosmology, but, anchored in the psychological characteristics of the astonishment and the difference between usual and unusual or ordinary and extraordinary, they refer to features of human mind in a more general way.

Byzantine Music

OpenAIRE

Charalampous, Charalampos

2007-01-01

Magdalény Rettigové 4, 116 39 Praha 1 tel.: +420 221 900 111 www.pedf.cuni.cz IČ 00216208 DIČ CZ00216208 Dle čl. 4 Opatření rektora č. 6/2010 o Zpřístupnění elektronické databáze závěrečných prací http://www.cuni.cz/UK-3470.html a čl. 1 Opatření děkana 17/2010 se z časového hlediska závěrečné práce dělí do tří skupin: a. "nové práce", tj. práce odevzdávané k obhajobě počínaje 29. 9. 2010, b. "starší práce", tj. práce odevzdané k obhajobě od 1. 1. 2006 do 28. 9. 2010, c. "práce před rokem 2006...

Cercetarea muzicii bizantine în România în secolul al XX-lea şi primul deceniu al celui următor

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Chircev

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The study of Byzantine music began in Romania in the first decades of the XX century, mainly due to the studies of the priest Ioan D. Petrescu. A small group of researchers continued this work in the second half of the XX century, opening up important research directions, namely: identifying – in the country and abroad – the copied / drafted manuscripts by Romanians and local Byzantine music creators; establishing, on the basis of documents, the languages of worship of Romanians during the medieval period; fixing in time and space the appearance of Romanian singing and the age of the chromatic genre in Byzantine music, etc. After 1990 with the change of the political regime, a great deal was written about Byzantine music in Romania and new research themes were approached, including the evolution of church music in the XVIII century after the appearance of the first manuscript in Romanian, ”Psaltichia Rumaneasca” by Filothei sin Agai Jipei; the contribution of Ghelasie Basarabianul to the promotion of church music in Romanian in the first half of the XIX century; the Romanian manuscripts from Mount Athos libraries, zonal contributions to the perpetuation of Byzantine music filon, the relationship between pre- and post-chrysanthonic Byzantine music, the revision of the method of portative transcription of songs in medieval notation. Our work attempts to synthesize these concerns by presenting the problematic spectrum of the investigations, the topics of the scientific manifestations, the categories of the publications in the field.

Veiled Word(s) – Sacred Silence

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Isar, Nicoletta

2014-01-01

or secret prayer, and divine silence, which are at the very centre of the Byzantine altar. The main focus is to investigate the liminal nature of the Mystery, manifested through concealing-revealing devices, which are thresholds in the liturgical participation of the Byzantine subject. Fear and secrecy...

APPLYING SATELLITE DATA SOURCES IN THE DOCUMENTATION AND LANDSCAPE MODELLING FOR GRAECO-ROMAN/BYZANTINE FORTIFIED SITES IN THE TŪR ABDIN AREA, EASTERN TURKEY

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K. Silver

2017-08-01

Full Text Available In 2015-2016 the Finnish-Swedish Archaeological Project in Mesopotamia (FSAPM initiated a pilot study of an unexplored area in the Tūr Abdin region in Northern Mesopotamia (present-day Mardin Province in southeastern Turkey. FSAPM is reliant on satellite image data sources for prospecting, identifying, recording, and mapping largely unknown archaeological sites as well as studying their landscapes in the region. The purpose is to record and document sites in this endangered area for saving its cultural heritage. The sites in question consist of fortified architectural remains in an ancient border zone between the Graeco-Roman/Byzantine world and Parthia/Persia. The location of the archaeological sites in the terrain and the visible archaeological remains, as well as their dimensions and sizes were determined from the ortorectified satellite images, which also provided coordinates. In addition, field documentation was carried out in situ with photographs and notes. The applicability of various satellite data sources for the archaeological documentation of the project was evaluated. Satellite photographs from three 1968 CORONA missions, i.e. the declassified US government satellite photograph archives were acquired. Furthermore, satellite images included a recent GeoEye-1 Satellite Sensor Image from 2010 with a resolution of 0.5 m. Its applicability for prospecting archaeological sites, studying the terrain and producing landscape models in 3D was confirmed. The GeoEye-1 revealed the ruins of a fortified town and a fortress for their documentation and study. Landscape models for the area of these sites were constructed fusing GeoEye-1 with EU-DEM (European Digital Elevation Model data using SRTM and ASTER GDEM data in order to understand their locations in the terrain.

Η εικόνα του Κρούμου: Εικόνα των «κακοφρόνων» Βουλγάρων

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Κατερίνα ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ

1996-09-01

Full Text Available Catherine  NicolaouL'image de Kroum: Une image des Bulgares «malveillants» Dans les récits des chroniqueurs et des historiens byzantins, le prince bulgare Kroum (803 ?-814 est esquissé avec des couleurs sombres: il est appelle violent, cruel, rude, orgueilleux et arrogant, perfide, mais aussi lâche.Dans cette étude nous nous sommes posé la question si chacune de ces caractéristiques rend fidèlement la réalité et, surtout, jusqu'à quel point elles concernent exclusivement Kroum. L'étude des sources démontre que l'esquisse du prince correspond à l'image que les Byzantins se faisaient du peuple bulgare et de ses souverains, au moins alors que les Bulgares représentaient l'ennemi principal de l'empire byzantin, à savoir avant leur christianisation et la différenciation de leur politique à l'égard de Byzance.L'orgueil, l'arrogance, la perfidie, la lâcheté, la rudesse, la cruauté et la brutalité sont les traits marquants d'un peuple païen, qui s'était installé près des frontières et par la suite sur les territoires même de l'empire, qui menaça la suprématie byzantine aux Balkans et dont les princes ont tenté d'atteindre le même niveau que celui de l'empereur byzantin dans la hiérarchie de l'oekouménè de l'époque.Il paraît, donc, que les caractéristiques attribuées à Kroum reflètent le besoin des Byzantins d'avilir la qualité morale des Bulgares afin d'amoindrir l'humiliation que ceux-ci avaient infligé aux sujets de l'empire.

Les emblèmes sur l’abside de l’église de Lesnovo

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Ćirić Jasmina S.

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This work retraces observations concerning insufficiently known emblems, represented on some examples of late Byzantine architecture. Also, should an emblem be invested with a role of a codified sign, without being literally visible, could it function as a segment of the imagery employed in the articulation of the facades of late Byzantine and Serbian medieval architecture?

Geoscience rediscovers Phoenicia's buried harbors

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Marriner, Nick; Morhange, Christophe; Doumet-Serhal, Claude; Carbonel, Pierre

2006-01-01

After centuries of archaeological debate, the harbors of Phoenicia's two most important city states, Tyre and Sidon, have been rediscovered, and including new geoarcheological results reveal how, where, and when they evolved after their Bronze Age foundations. The early ports lie beneath their present urban centers, and we have indentified four harbor phases. (1) During the Bronze Age, Tyre and Sidon were characterized by semi-open marine coves that served as protoharbors. (2) Biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic data indicate the presence of early artificial basins after the first millennium B.C. (3) The harbors reached their apogees during the Greco-Roman and Byzantine periods. (4) Silting up and coastal progradation led to burial of the medieval basins, lost until now.

Viking voyages: the origin of multiple sclerosis? An essay in medical history.

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Poser, C M

1995-01-01

Multiple sclerosis is most frequently found in Scandinavia, Iceland, the British Isles and the countries settled by their inhabitants and their descendants, i.e. the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This suggests that the Vikings may have been instrumental in disseminating genetic susceptibility to the disease in those areas, as well as in other parts of the world. The Vikings raided most European countries and settled in Normandy and in Sicily and southern Italy. They engaged in trade with the Arabs along the river routes to the Caucasus, to the Black and Caspian Seas, and penetrated Persia, India and probably China. They also migrated to the East and established the Russian state. Under the name Varangians, they became part of the Byzantine army and were active in all the military activities of the Byzantine Empire. They participated in the Crusades. Russians, many of Scandinavian origin also constituted a regiment of the Mongol army and roamed throughout that Empire as well. The custom of capturing and keeping or selling women and children, which was widespread in the early Middle Ages, as well as the flourishing slave trade in men, were important factors in this genetic dissemination.

From ancient Greek medicine to EP³OS.

Science.gov (United States)

Prokopakis, E P; Hellings, P W; Velegrakis, G A; Kawauchi, H

2010-09-01

The manuscripts of eminent Byzantine physicians from the 4th to the 14th century contain extensive information on various otorhinolaryngological issues. In their work, the early knowledge of rhinological disease from definition and symptoms to conservative treatment and surgical intervention is intriguing. Most of this meticulous knowledge was developed through time, beginning mainly from Hippocrates and the Hellenistic period. Thereafter, medicine developed through Roman and Byzantium times to finally influence European medicine and later the rest of the Western world. History of medicine reflects the history of mankind itself, and otorhinolaryngology follows closely this path. Our goal is to slim down and illuminate the most challenging of the vast amount of information on rhinological issues contained in the original Greek text of Hippocrates, and mainly in the hagiographical texts of Byzantine medical writers. In particular, we focus on rhinological diseases from antiquity till the time being, following the journey of evolution of topical and nebulizer therapy for sinonasal inflammatory diseases in Greece, from "milothris" to modern nasal sprays, leading to an understanding of the philosophy of our predecessors and the roots of modern rhinology.

Wallfahrtsorte als Marken. Place Branding durch Volksfrömmigkeit in einer postsäkularen Gesellschaft

Science.gov (United States)

Hilpert, Markus

2017-12-01

Perhaps, pilgrimage sites are one of the oldest examples of controlled place branding, but they are still an interesting teaching tool for this subject because they are characterized by lower complexity and functionality compared to cities and regions. They are also smaller in size and they usually occupy very specific positions of popular piety. This makes the transferability of the branding concept easier than in other urban or rurality areas. Against this background, this essay examines the question how popular piety can still contribute to place branding of pilgrimages sites.

Abgestaubt und eingescannt – Papyrologie goes Internet

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Nadine Quenouille

2016-08-01

Full Text Available This paper was originally presented during the Conference „Wikipedia trifft Altertum: Freies Wissen, Neue Medien, populäre Wissensvermittlung und Enzyklopädien in den Altertumswissenschaften“ on 10. / 11. June 2011 at the Georg-August-University in Göttingen. It focuses on the history and evolution of digital tools in Papyrology, which began as early as 1982 with the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri and is currently growing and continuing with a Multilingual Online Dictionary of the Administrative Terms of Graeco-Roman-Byzantine Egypt.

Byzantine People’s Anthropology. The Force of the Foot And Its Reflection in the Life of St. Theodore Sikeot

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Nikolay Dmitrievich Barabanov

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The article deals with one aspect of Byzantine folk anthropology in its religious incarnation. We are speaking about human limbs, feet of the Saint, who showed specific ability of miracles using them. Among the many wonders which were committed by Holy Theodore Sikeot, who was Abbot of Sikeon monastery and former Bishop of Anastasiopol (date of death – April 22, 613, three of them deserve special attention. In the narration of life of the Saint it is told about healing the patients who suffered from paralysis of limbs and, consequently, were deprived of their ability to move. Saint Theodore saved them from illness not only by the power of prayer. In all cases he put his foot on the body of the patient, in particular, on chest and knees. This kind of touch makes us think about the meaning of committed ritual and about that complex of ideas which was connected with it. Presumably, the described action reflected not only the individual attitude of the hagiographer but also an attitude of the audience, to which it was addressed. For this reason, this phenomenon should be considered not as a hagiographic topos, but as an element of the mythological-ritual continuum, which is connected with religious contemplation of the specificity of the different parts of the human body, in particular, of the lower limbs. The tradition of honoring the legs and their prints are well known and are rooted in “deep antiquity”. In the pre-Christian world of the Graeco- Roman time there was the cult of the legs, the image of which was regarded as an amulet, which had an apotropaic power. The feet can be associated with different deities, however, most of all, the following cult was associated with Serapis, the God of fertility, underworld and healing. It was believed that the right foot of Serapis had healing force. However, the process of transferring of the properties of Serapis foot to the foot of Christian Saint raises some questions. First of all, about

Learning from the Route: a Pilot Project on Landscape Reading along the Itinerary of Via Lauretana Senese

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Chiara Serenelli

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The essay investigates the opportunities generated by recovering a European Pilgrimage Route’s pathway as device for landscape perception and territorial analysis. It is focused on a project conducted by Verdiana Network in collaboration with the Municipality of Asciano (Siena. The project aims to activate processes of landscape planning and management, and promote local tourism within the context of Asciano’s rural landscape and among the cultural and natural heritage intercepted by this pilgrimage route. It concerns the Siena branch of the Via Lauretana, the pilgrimage route toward the Sanctuary of Loreto in the Marche Region. The project focuses on the landscape structure of the route, modelled by the territorial dimension and spatial configuration of the itinerary, together with the social processes of landscape perception activated by the route itself. From this point of view, the project consisted of a process of discovering the landscape along the route and intercepting polar elements that make the itinerary the basis for the development of local tourism and cultural activities.

The Cyrillo-Methodian tradition in the work of Milada Paulová as a historical discourse

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havlíková, Lubomíra

2013-01-01

Roč. 71, 1-2 (2013), s. 31-46 ISSN 0007-7712 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 7AMB12SK161 Institutional support: RVO:68378017 Keywords : Byzantium * Byzantine studies * history * historiography * Constantine-Cyrillus * Methodius * Cyrilo-Methodian tradition * Great Moravia * Milada Paulová (1897-1970) * Cyrillo-Methodian anniversary * Emmaus Monastery * Emperor Charles IV * 14th century * Byzantine-Slav relations Subject RIV: AB - History

Despot Stefan and Byzantium

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Kalić Jovanka

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The topic of this paper is one aspect of the relationship between Serbia and Byzantium at the beginning of the 15th Century, during the so-called "despot period" of the reign of Stefan Lazarević (1402-1427, namely the fate of the Byzantine title of Despots' in Serbia against the background of the political situation in the Balkans at the time of Turkish domination. Knez Stefan (1377-1427, Knez Lazar's son, received the title of Despotes according to the procedure long ago established at the Byzantine Court. In Byzantium, this title, which was second in rank only to the title of the Emperor, used to be endowed to the relatives of the imperial dynasty, it was not hereditary and did not depend on the territory ruled by the bearer of the title. It was a personal court title of the highest rank in Byzantium. This honor was bestowed upon the young Knez Stefan in summer of 1402 after his return from the battlefield of Angora (Ankara, where Sultan Beyazid I suffered a disastrous defeat from the hands of the Tatars. The Serbian Knez was solemnly received in Constantinople, a marriage between himself and a sister of the Byzantine Empress was arranged and John VII Palaeologus, the co-regent of the then-absent Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus, endowed him with the title of Despotes. Knez Stefan carried this title till the end of his life. It was held in great honors in Serbia and was broadened in meaning to designate a ruler's title in general, remaining alive among the Serbs even after the fall of the Byzantine Empire. Stefan Lazarević received the dignity of a Despotes once more, in 1410 in Constantinople. All this notwithstanding, the political situation in the South-East of Europe at the beginning of the 15th Century was all but favorable. Some Christian states were conquered by the Turks (Bulgaria, some were vassals of the Sultan (Byzantium, Serbia. Everything depended on the Ottomans. At the time of dynastic conflicts in the Turkish Empire (1403

Umayyad Relations with Byzantium Empire

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Mansoor Haidari

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This research investigates the political and military relations between Umayyad caliphates with the Byzantine Empire. The aim of this research is to clarify Umayyad caliphate’s relations with the Byzantine Empire. We know that these relations were mostly about war and fight. Because there were always intense conflicts between Muslims and the Byzantine Empire, they had to have an active continuous diplomacy to call truce and settle the disputes. Thus, based on the general policy of the Umayyad caliphs, Christians were severely ignored and segregated within Islamic territories. This segregation of the Christians was highly affected by political relationships. It is worthy of mentioning that Umayyad caliphs brought the governing style of the Sassanid kings and Roman Caesar into the Islamic Caliphate system but they didn’t establish civil institutions and administrative organizations.

Slavení velikonočního tajemství v římské a byzantské křesťanské tradici. Nástin srovnání

OpenAIRE

Lešková, Lucia

2014-01-01

Paschal Mystery Celebration in Roman and Byzantine Christian Tradition. Comparison Attempt. Abstract Dissertation deals with comparison outline of the Easter Mystery celebration in two liturgical traditions: in christian byzantine and christian west tradition. Thesis is based on the jewish First Pascha celebration and its celebration in the historical Jesus period and in His death and resurrection as the central event of the mankind salvation and christian life. The influence of the Old Testa...

The dissemination of multiple sclerosis: a Viking saga? A historical essay.

Science.gov (United States)

Poser, C M

1994-12-01

The highest prevalence rates for multiple sclerosis are found in Iceland, Scandinavia, the British Isles, and the countries settled by their inhabitants and their descendants, that is, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. This suggests that the Vikings may have been instrumental in disseminating the genetic susceptibility to the disease in those areas as well as in other parts of the world. The Vikings raided in most European countries and settled in Normandy and in Sicily and southern Italy. They engaged in trade with the Arabs along the river routes to the Caucasus and to the Black and Caspian Seas and penetrated into Persia, India, and probably China. They also migrated to the East and established the Russian state. Under the name Varangians, they became part of the Byzantine army and were active in all of the military activities of the Byzantine Empire. They participated in the Crusades. Russians, many of Scandinavian origin, also constituted a regiment of the Mongol army and roamed throughout that empire as well. The custom of capturing and keeping or selling women and children, which was widespread in the early Middle Ages, as well as the flourishing slave trade in men, were important factors in this genetic dissemination.

The sacred geography of Kapila: the Kapilasrama of Sidhpur

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Knut A. Jacobsen

2003-01-01

Full Text Available To most scholars of Hinduism, the sage Kapila is a person associated only with ancient India and known mainly as the mythical founder of the Sāmkhya system of religious thought. This is the Kapila whose teaching is known through Yuktidīpikā, the Sāmkhyakārikā by Isvarakrsna and other Sāmkhya texts and the tradition of technical commentaries on them. In India this Kapila belongs to a scholarly tradition preserved mainly by pandits with a knowledge of Sanskrit and, for the last hundred years, also by professors in the Indian university system. In this article, the symbolic significance of one of the most important pilgrimage centres connected with Kapila, Sidhpur in Gujarat, is explored. The close connection between the sacred narratives and the rituals performed at the pilgrimage centre is a significant feature of the sacred places devoted to Kapila. At every place of pilgrimage to Kapila there are narratives about him which account for the sacredness of the place. These narratives belong to the geography of Hindu India as much as to the mythology of the Hindu tradition. The life history of Kapila is engraved in a sacred landscape. The place where Kapila was born, the place where he gave the sacred knowledge of ultimate reality to his mother, the different places where he performed tapas, the place where he killed the sons of King Sagara are all part of India's imagined landscape. The promise of the Kapila pilgrimage sites is that these places have power in themselves to remove moral impurity and grant moksa to the pilgrims. The sacred narratives of Kapila function to make this promise trustworthy.

The Evolution of Splint Armour in Georgia and Byzantium: Lamellar and Scale Armour in the 10th-12th Centuries

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Mamuka TSURTSUMIA

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Byzantine technology was part of the military technology that existed in vast areas of Eurasia; hence study of the armament of its neighbours is important.The purpose of the present paper is to add new data about Byzantium’s Caucasian neighbour (namely, Georgia. Besides that, it also includes certain views about the stages of the evolution and provenance of splint (scale and lamellar armour. This paper also attempts to clarify the difference between banded and linear suits of lamellar armour.There is no doubt that the Byzantine military machine exercised considerable influence on its neighbours, though an opposite phenomenon can also be noticed. The article shows that changes in armour were taking place almost simultaneously in the Byzantine Empire and the Georgian kingdoms and that some of the types of armour that were widespread in Byzantium may have originated in Georgia.

A pilgrimage through superheavy valley

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

gap p, average neutron pairing gap n, two-nucleon separation energy S2q and shell .... study has appeared as a powerful tool to study the shapes and collective properties of nuclei ... and identify the magic proton and neutron numbers in the superheavy region. ... pairing gap indicates the close shell structure of the nucleus.

Regional Exchange and the Role of the Shop in Byzantine and Early Islamic Syria-Palestine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Walmsley, Alan George

2012-01-01

a significant factor in the prosperity of Syria-Palestine at that time, facilitating not only local exchange but also, on a wider scale, the transportation of goods from outside the immediate region. Crucial to this trade system at the local level was the shop. Archaeological evidence for a shop-based market...... system has expanded greatly in recent years, giving a detailed insight into the system of exchange within an urban context. However, its social function as an urban institution has been, by comparison, little considered. This paper will reflect on the shops, their keepers, the suppliers and the patrons...

A portrait oil lamp from Pontes: Possible interpretations and meanings within early Byzantine visual culture

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Petković Sofija

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The subject of this paper is a fragmented oil-lamp, discovered at Pontes (east Serbia dated to the 6th century, whose handle ending is shaped as a woman’s head. The question posed in this paper is whether the image of this woman could be identified as a portrait of some particular person or if it is just as a pictorial sign with some complicated symbolic meaning. The suggested identification alludes to the image of some of the empresses from the second half of the 6th century. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177007: Romanisation, urbanisation and transformation of urban centres of civil, military and residential character in Roman provinces in the territory of Serbia i br. 47018: Viminacium, Roman city and military camp - research of the material and non material culture of inhabitants by using the modern technologies of remote detection, geophysics, GIS, digitalization and3D visualization

Visiting Ground Zero: sacred echoes in secular rites

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Richard C. Martin

2010-01-01

Full Text Available For the past several years since September 11, 2001, large numbers of people from across the continent and around the world have visited the site of the devastated World Trade Center in New York. Scholars in religious studies and the social sciences have noticed that there were and continue to be (though less so over time religious aspects to the observances and performances of visitors to ‘Ground Zero’, as the site of the former World Trade Center almost immediately came to be called. A central argument of this article is that the ongoing stream of visitors to Ground Zero, strictly speaking, does not qualify this phenomenon as a pilgrimage in the traditional religious sense; it is more akin to the growing phenomenon of religious tourism, although it is not exactly that either. Nonetheless the event of 9/11 generated many ritualized activities; the article will also address the pro­cess scholars call ‘ritualization’ and related terms in ritual studies. Although ritualized performances at Ground Zero do not amount to a pilgrimage in the narrow sense that historians of religion mean when they analyse traditional pilgrimages, such as the Hajj to Mecca, or following the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem, visiting Ground Zero has taken on both secular and religious elements.

Psaltic Modes - Meanings and Symbolics

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Domin Adam

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The Universe of Byzantine music is a profound one, that is why every side should be analysed for getting to the essence of psaltical soul of the singing. Every sign has a certain meaning, every mode has a certain composition and every singing genre is interpreted in a certain way. It is important to search and analyse the historical evolution of every of the mentioned categories for being able to form a holistic image about what Byzantine music meant and means.

A Threshold Pseudorandom Function Construction and Its Applications

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Jesper Buus

2002-01-01

We give the first construction of a practical threshold pseudo- random function.The protocol for evaluating the function is efficient enough that it can be used to replace random oracles in some protocols relying on such oracles. In particular, we show how to transform the efficient...... cryptographically secure Byzantine agreement protocol by Cachin, Kursawe and Shoup for the random oracle model into a cryptographically secure protocol for the complexity theoretic model without loosing efficiency or resilience,thereby constructing an efficient and optimally resilient Byzantine agreement protocol...

Early-Christian monuments on the eastern slopes of the Kopaonik mountain

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Tošić Gordana

2007-01-01

reconditioned 68 fortresses out of 70 original ones, and only 8 were new-built. Celestial Chairs visually dominate the whole area. From this place, one can see as on his palm Early-Byzantine fortresses on Vojetin, Čučaica and in Gornje Leviće, as well as the mines in Zaplanina and Belo Brdo. Having in mind natural features of the terrain historical surrounding, and, first of all, archeological finding, we think that Celestial Chairs and Gornje Leviće could be the spot to look for spiritual and administrative center of the northern part of Roman province Dardania.

How Love for the Image Cast out Fear of It in Early Christianity

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Natalie Carnes

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Iconoclastic and iconophilic impulses have long vied for pre-eminence in Christianity, coming to one particularly fraught crisis point in the Byzantine Iconomachy of the eighth and ninth centuries. Funding both impulses, this paper argues, is a profound Platonic ambivalence about the image. For Plato, the image not only deceives and enslaves; it also reveals and inspires. Plotinus, Gregory of Nyssa, Augustine, John of Damascus, and Theodore of Stoudios articulate their own iterations of Plato’s hopes and fears about the image as they attempt different strategies for resolving these dueling inclinations. This paper traces the evolution of image theory across these thinkers to illumine how Theodore of Stoudios’ approach magnifies Platonic image hopes and quells fears in a way that prepares for the ongoing resolution of image anxiety in the iconographic tradition. More than a purely historical interest, this arc of image thought have continuing relevance for image theory today.

The Syriac Aḥiqar, Its Slavonic Version, and the Relics of the Three Youths in Babylon

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Basil Lourié

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The author argues that the earliest recension of the Slavonic Aḥiqar (Povestʹ ob Akire Premudrom was produced in Bulgaria as a direct translation from Syriac, whereas the original Christian (Syriac recension was created in the Syriac-speaking anti-Chalcedonian milieu within the Sassanid Iranian Empire in the late fifth century; in this latter context, it originated as a hagiographic legend inaugurating a new cult directed against the pro-Chalcedonian Ctesiphon cult of the Three Youths in Babylon. This anti-Chalcedonian and anti-Byzantine work was never accepted in Byzantine culture.

Latin middle ages and Greek middle ages: with regards to É. Patlagean, Un Moyen Âge grec. Byzance IXe-XVe siècle, Paris 2007

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Mario Gallina

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The discussion on Évelyne Patlagean’s volume centres on a comparison with the ideas forwarded by Marc Bloch. Particularly conscious of comparative perspectives, in his Société féodale the Alsatian historian proposed an interpretative model liable to be applied also to the Byzantine world, even though he removed the “Greek” and slavic middle ages from his research prospects. Patlagean adopts Bloch’s historiographic categories, whilst sustaining that the potential feudal development of the Byzantine world was blocked by the weight exercised by the ancient imperial tradition.

A cracked mirror? - forming the ideal ruler in Epirus and Nicaea in the first half of the 13th century

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Vukašinović Milan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available During the first half of the 13th century both Byzantine Empire and the image of its ideal ruler had to undergo a transformation. By applying mostly the narratological analysis to the parenetic texts written in the two successor states of the Empire, the paper sheds light on the dynamic ‘negotiations’ within the Roman elites of the place that the Emperor should have inside the symbolic order, and suggests a possible model of approach to other Byzantine texts and periods. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177015

Μεταξύ Αττίλα και Βαϊανού. Το Βυζάντιο και οι νομαδικοί λαοί από το 453 έως το 558

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Γεώργιος ΚΑΡΔΑΡΑΣ

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Normal.dotm 0 0 1 152 870 獫票楧栮捯洀鉭曮㞱Û뜰⠲쎔딁烊皭〼፥ᙼ䕸忤઱ 7 1 1068 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}  Between Attila and Bajan. Byzantium and the nomads from 453 to 558 The paper highlights the relations of Byzantium with the nomads in the period between the collapse of the Hunnic hegemony in Central Europe and the coming of the Avars to the northern frontiers of the Empire. Taking into account the written testimonies, as well as the archaeological finds, the geographical area of the nomadic settlements, the conflicts and treaties with Byzantium, the role of the nomads in the Byzantine-Persian relations, the nomad mercenaries in the Byzantine army and certain Byzantine finds, as jewellery, swords, pendant capsule or other decorative motifs are considered. These relations are distinguished in two periods, before and after 491. During the first one, the Empire was able to control the activity of the nomads offering them settlement permit on Byzantine soil, while for the second is noted, beside the strong conflicts, the cultural influence of Byzantium through Christianity and, on the other hand, the nomadic influences on the Byzantine army.   

Muszla pielgrzymia z Góry Zamkowej w Cieszynie – nowy punkt na mapie dróg do grobu św. Jakuba w Composteli.

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gryc, Jana; Wyrwa, A. M.

2010-01-01

Roč. 35, - (2010), s. 443-449 ISSN 0231-5823 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80010507 Keywords : Cieszyn * pilgrimage routes * St. James shell Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

St. Sofia in Ohrid, space, structure, forms: Sources

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Korać Vojislav

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This work comments in particular on studies dealing with the church of St. Sofia in Ohrid. Among them are the monographs of two authors, Barbara Maria Schellewald (Die Arhitektur der Sophien Kirchen in Ohrid, Bon 1986 and Boris Čipan (Sveta Sofija, katedralen hram na ohridskata arhiepiskopija, Skopje 1995. Special attention is devoted to the typological interpretation of St. Sofia, to its initial design as a triple-nave basilica with a dome at the centre. Insightful descriptions are given about the older monuments in the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. Special attention is paid to the external architectonic workmanship. The western façade of St. Sofia demonstrates the features of Late Byzantine architecture, while the eastern façade directly reveals the triple-nave spatial design. That is why this article on St. Sofia contains sketches of the western and the eastern façades, illustrating the features of its architectonic specificities. On the whole, the author presents St. Sofia in Ohrid as a unique work of architecture of the Byzantine region. .

Identidad nacional y modelos femeninos en la obra de Paulo Diácono: la imagen de la Emperatriz Sofía

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Dionisio PÉREZ SÁNCHEZ

2010-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En el presente trabajo se estudia la imagen negativa que el historiador lombardo Paulo Diácono ofrece de la emperatriz bizantina del siglo vi Sofía, visión relacionada tanto con su misoginia como con su clara concepción antibizantina. Sin embargo, aspectos característicos del ritual imperial bizantino, asociados a la figura de las emperatrices, son utilizados interesadamente por el religioso con la finalidad de realzar el importante papel jugado de hecho por las reinas y princesas lombardas, poniendo así de manifiesto contradicciones en el propio discurso del autor.ABSTRACT: This work studies the negative image of the 6th century Byzantine Empress Sophia given by the Lombard historian Paulus Diaconus, a view related both to his misogyny and to his clearly anti-Byzantine perspective. However, characteristic aspects of the Byzantine imperial ritual, associated with the figure of the empresses are used interestingly by this cleric, highlighting the important role that the Lombard queens and princesses indeed played, and thus revealing contradictions in the author's discourse.

TRADISI PERINGATAN HAUL DALAM PENDEKATAN SOSIOLOGI PENGETAHUAN PETER L. BERGER

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Abdulloh Hanif

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Haul is a tradition typical of Muslims in Indonesia. Although as a term, can be likened to haul in the tradition of pilgrimage of Muslims in general, but in Indonesia haul have different shapes and implementation in practice with the pilgrimage. This can be seen clearly as an institutionalized social activity. Meaning of pilgrimage as a reminder of death eventually not be the main objective in the implementation of the haul, although religious motives still underlie the practice. However haul relfeksi has become a kind of history, not just in view of the transience of human life, but rather the development of the vision and mission of human life further they get from the reflection of history celebrated figures. Making of history eventually become important to observe. History is not just a stretch of the past, present, and future, but, in the context of haul, history is closely related to building public awareness about the celebrated figures, either directly or through stories or media. Building awareness is what allows every individual who commemorate haul will internalize the objects of consciousness different from the historical reflection, although figures are presented objectively observed through individuals close to and understand objectively as himself. It is at least able to prove that religion is very closely linked to community activities. Keywords: Haul, Peter L. Berger, Sosiologi Pengetahuan dan Refleksi Sejarah.

Exhibition “Byzantium through the Centuries” at the State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg

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Yuri Pyatnitsky

2017-12-01

Full Text Available From June 24 to October 2, 2016, the Hermitage Museum held the exhibition Byzantium through the Centuries that enjoyed an exceptionally great success among the general public and professionals. The exhibition included unknown or little-known icons presented the variety of iconographic centers of Byzantium, and also Early Byzantine silver specimen found in the 19th century in the Crimea and Moldova. The concept – and this defined the structure of the exhibition – was purely art historical: to show the distinctive characteristics of the artistic language of Byzantium. The exhibition was displayed in the Nicholas Hall where visitors could see the art works from the 1st to the mid-15th century; the final chord was the painting Apostle St Peter of the famous El Greco. The objects of the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods demonstrated the basis that served as foundation for the new Christian art. Works of the 9th - 12th centuries from the museums of Greece, those themed with the art of the Crusaders in Byzantium, and Palaiologan icons of the 14th - mid-15th century – all reflected culture of local medieval centers and the high art of different schools of icon painting. The design of the exhibition made possible to grasp the whole hall, see the amazing unity and diversity of art works, feel their eternal spiritual value, and feel yourself in a special artistic surrounding. In connection with the exhibition the Hermitage issued two publications, a brochure The Art of Devine Beauty and Spirituality (Пятницкий 2016, and a richly illustrated volume Byzantium through the Centuries (Византия 2017.

The Byzantine apocalyptic tradition a fourteenth-century Serbian version of the Apocalypse of Anastasia

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Marjanović-Dušanić Smilja

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Early translations of the Apocalypse of Anastasia into Old Church Slavonic appear in several versions incorporated into miscellanies of the zbornik (collection type. These texts belong to various genres of religious prose and are usually assembled in apocryphal collections about journeys to the other world. The earliest known Serbian version of the Apocalypse of Anastasia is the fourteenth-century manuscript dated to about 1380 (MS 29. The present paper gives an analysis of this narrative.

Dárek z pouti. Na okraj poutní kultury

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kafka, Luboš

2011-01-01

Roč. 29, č. 1 (2011), s. 8-29 ISSN 0862-2043 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90580513 Keywords : pilgrimage * folk religiousness * folk art * folk craft Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Biotech pilgrims and the transnational quest for stem cell cures.

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Priscilla

2010-10-01

Thousands of patients with incurable neurodegenerative conditions from more than 60 countries have sought fetal cell transplants in China since 2001. Drawing on 24 months of ethnographic fieldwork, I investigate these transnational encounters occurring in the realm of experimental medicine. Critiquing popular notions of "medical tourism," I develop the alternative concept of "biotech pilgrimage" to reveal how faith intertwines with technology, travel, and the political economies of health care and medical research in a global era. Insights from pilgrimage theory enable us to question assumptions of leisure embedded in claims of tourism while also exploring new biopolitical practices that extend beyond the borders of the nation-state. I also demonstrate how materialist visions of salvation underlie medical practice and contribute to China's rising influence as a global technological leader.

ANKARA’DA ERKEN BİZANS DÖNEMİ MEZAR ALANI KAZISI / EARLY BYZANTINE CEMETERY EXCAVATION IN ANKARA

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Mahmut AYDIN

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Roma Dönemi’nde Galatia Eyaleti’nin başkentliğini yapan Ankyra kentinin anıtsal yapıları ve diğer çarpıcı kalıntıları ile olası nekropol alanları genellikle Ankara’nın Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi imar faaliyetleri sırasında gerçekleşen hafriyat çalışmaları ile açığa çıkarılmıştır. Ankara Celal Bayar Bulvarı üzerindeki Gazi Üniversitesi Sıhhiye Kampüsünde inşa edilen Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesindeki yapılaşma faaliyetleri sırasında ortaya çıkarılan Maltepe Erken Bizans Dönemi Mezar Alanı olasılıkla Ankyra kentinin daha önce bir bölümü tespit edilen güney nekropolü’nün devamı niteliğindedir. Gerçekleştirilen kurtarma kazısı sonucunda bu alanda tahrip edilmiş olası bir kilisenin küçük bir kısmı ve kilise cemaatine ait olması muhtemel beşik tonozlu bir mezar yapısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Ἡ βυζαντινὴ ἱστοριογραφία μετὰ τὸ λεγόμενο «Μεγάλο Χάσμα»

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Τηλέμαχος Κ. ΛΟΥΓΓΗΣ

1987-09-01

Full Text Available T. C. Lounghis L'historiographie byzantine après la soi-disante «Grande brèche» Si, pendant la soi-disante «Grande brèche», la Donation de Constantin forgée par la Papauté parvient à annuler les prétentions byzantines de souveraineté sur l'Occident, une réaction oecuméniste byzantine est signalée sous le premier patriarcat de Photius; elle tend à regagner le droit de faire de la politique universaliste sous la forme de missions évangélisatrices, en s'appropriant pour le compte du patriarcat de Constantinople des prérogatives purement pontificales, ce qui amène à la rupture entre l'ancienne et la nouvelle Rome. Dans ce contexte général, on peut saisir mieux le sens de la destitution de Photius par Basile Ier qui, de par ses accords politiques avec la Papauté, inaugure une nouvelle politique occidentale. Cette politique consiste en la création d'une Oecuménè limitée dans l'espace, s'arrêtant devant l'ancienne Rome mais en revisant dans l'ensemble au profit byzantin les interdictions qu'imposait autrefois la Donation de Constantin à l'ancien universalisme byzantin qui datait des temps de Justinien Ier.Ainsi, dans l'historiographie byzantine après la soi-disante «Grande brèche» on peut distinguer deux tendances idéologiques, opposées l'une à l'autre: la première tendance est propre à l'historiographie dynastique des empereurs macédoniens (la plus grande partie des Continuateurs de Théophane, les oeuvres de Constantin Porphyrogénète, Skylitzès. La deuxième tendance est représentée par l'historiographie de l'opposition (les textes du cycle du Logothète qui suit l'ancien exemple d'universalisme illimité, comme, dans le genre littéraire, elle suit l'ancien modèle de la Chronographie depuis la création du monde.La nouvelle tendance oecuménique de l'historiographie dynastique des empereurs macédoniens possède deux traits caractéristiques: a la revision du genre chronographique qui, d

Les récits de voyage médiévaux originaires de Bohême. Produits d'une société confessionnalisée?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bažant, V.; Svátek, Jaroslav

-, č. 67 (2014), s. 103-119 ISSN 0751-2708 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GBP405/12/G148 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : Bohemia * fifteenth century * pilgrimage * religious communities * travelogues Subject RIV: AB - History

El testamento, un símbolo de la «peregrinatio»

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Pavón Benito, Julia

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Two of the symbols of medieval man, as ahorno viator, are the last will and testament and the pilgrimage. The will as a plastic image of the deep spiritual dtsitesante mortem, and the pilgrimage as the representation of the devotional trip. In this article will analize the concept of the pilgrimage, from the perspective of the voyage as of the vital way. The sources for study this will be the wills of pilgrims from the kingdom of Navarre, from the XII century to the beginings of XVI.

Dos de los símbolos del hombre medieval, en cuantohomo viator, son el testamento y la peregrinación. El primero como imagen plástica de los más profundos anhelos y aspiraciones espirituales ante mortem, y el segundo como representación externa del viaje devocional, en cuanto camino físico, pero también búsqueda interior de la Plenitud. Para esta ocasión se va a tratar de analizar en qué términos se concibe la peregrinación, tanto como aventura mundana circunscrita a una ruta, como existencial, profundización en la propia vida. Para ello se tomará como material inicial de trabajo los testamentos de los peregrinos del reino de Navarra que abarcan el segmento cronológico de los siglos XII hasta comienzos del XVI.

Ένας κώδικας με μονόγραμμα των Παλαιολόγων (Conventi Soppressi B.1, Camaldoli 1214

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Εβελίνα Μίνεβα

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The article presents the MS Conventi Soppressi B.1, Camaldoli 1214 of the National Central Library of Florence, which contains the Byzantine Life of St. Parasceve of Epibatai (BHG 1420z. It appears to be the second known codex, preserving a monogram of the Palaiologos family (usually manifested in the architecture and the material objects in the decoration of a manuscript, except for the manuscript Vat. gr. 1158, described earlier by H. Belting. Some common features of the Florentine manuscript and the codex Gothoburgensis gr. 4, the other manuscript, which preserves the Byzantine Life of St. Parasceve of Epibatai, are discussed as well.

Genetic Characterization of the Gut Microbiome of Hajj Pilgrims

KAUST Repository

Beaudoin, Christopher

2018-01-01

Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is a unique mass gathering event that brings more than 2 million individuals from around the world. Several public health considerations, such as the spread of infectious diseases, must

The Monastery, the City and the Human Future

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Harvey Cox

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Despite our times being labeled “secular age,” unanticipated currents of spirituality in both new, old and mixed forms keep appearing. I many places pilgrimages have reemerged often to traditional sacred sites but with new meanings layered onto older ones in Europe, America and Asia. In this phenomenology of pilgrimage the author catalogs some of the characteristics of these post-secular journeys. They attract conventionally religious people, seekers, New Age adherents, amateur historians, health buffs, nature lovers and tourists who together constitute a new and different sort of “congregation,” which like many aspects of the world today is temporary, in flux and in motion. They often exhibit an element of commercialization, but hint at one kind of “post-secular” spirituality. This phenomenon presents a challenged to architects, urban planner and scholars of religion.

Caracterización epidemiológica y factores de riesgo asociados a la peregrinación religiosa a Arabia Saudí: Resultados de una cohorte prospectiva 2008-2009 Epidemiology and risk factors associated with religious pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia: Results of a prospective cohort 2008-2009

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Lluís Valerio

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La peregrinación religiosa a Arabia Saudí o Hajj es un precepto básico en la doctrina islámica. Anualmente millones de peregrinos (un 5% procedente de la Unión Europea se concentran en La Meca después del Ramadán, con los riesgos sanitarios que eso conlleva. Métodos: Estudio observacional y prospectivo de una cohorte de peregrinos atendidos en visita de actividades preventivas predesplazamiento en la Unidad de Salud Internacional Metropolitana Norte (Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, España durante 2009-2010. Resultados: Se valoraron 193 peregrinos (135 hombres, 69,9%, con una edad media (DE de 37,1 (16,9 años. Eran inmigrantes 176 (91,2%, originarios de Pakistán (54,9%, Marruecos (29%, Bangladesh (4,1% y otros (7,2%. Se desplazaban a Arabia Saudí por una media (DE de 16,3 (9,2 días; optaban por la peregrinación larga (Hajj 80 (41,5% y por la corta (Umra 113 (58,5%. Presentaban antecedentes patológicos 29 (15%. Se obtuvo una cobertura vacunal superior al 75% para tétanos-difteria, antineumocócica y antimeningocócica tetravalente, y sólo de un 70,4% para la antigripal. Presentaron algún problema de salud 41 (13,5%, el 61% de ellos síntomas de vías respiratorias. Los factores de riesgo independientemente relacionados con presentar enfermedades fueron los días de estancia (odds ratio [OR]=1,06; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,01-1,11 y realizar el Hajj frente a la Umra (OR=1,08; IC95%: 1,07-1,12. Conclusiones: Los peregrinos a Arabia Saudí procedentes de España son un colectivo fundamentalmente joven y sano. Presentaron un mayor número de enfermedades aquellos con estancias más largas.Introduction: Religious pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia, or Hajj, is a basic tenet of the Islamic doctrine and, after Ramadan, annually represents the largest human concentration (with up to 5% of from the EU around the world. Such a gathering entails health risks. Methods: A prospective observational study was

Tackling Africa's Scientific and Technological Underdevelopment ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

world, with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for thirty-three of the forty-eight of the ..... remain the classic land where the Mediterranean peoples went on pilgrimage to drink at the .... E. Just and the world-renowned George Washington. Carver.

White and Breitborde's French Paleolithic Collections of the Logan Museum of Anthropology. 1992. Logan Museum Bulletin (new series

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Paul Thacker

1995-05-01

Full Text Available At some point in their training, most Paleolithic archaeologists succumb to the almost spiritual pull of the French Perigord and undertake the pilgrimage. While today's prehistorians visit numerous French museums and are able to purchase a spectrum of teaching aids from artifact replicas to CD-ROM images of rockshelter exca­vations, the situation facing Alonzo Pond and George Collie in the early 1920's was quite different. During the seminal years of Beloit College's Department of Anthropology, Pond and Collie acquired over 20,000 Pale­olithic artifacts from both a network of professional and amateur archaeologists in France, and limited excava­ tion projects. This collection, consisting of stone artifacts, bone tools, worked shell, antler, and ivory, and even engraved plaquettes and Azillian pebbles, is the subject of French Paleolithic Collections of the Logan Museum of Anthropology.

La filosofía itinerante de Gabriel Marcel

OpenAIRE

Tilliette, X. (Xavier)

2005-01-01

The article presents the philosophy of a wandering thinker who is in search of truth, of knowledge of reality. It shows the life, method, goal and central issues (existence, being, intersubjectivity and immortality) of this walker in a constant pilgrimage to light.

Travel-related MERS-CoV cases: An assessment of exposures and risk factors in a group of Dutch travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, May 2014

NARCIS (Netherlands)

E.B. Fanoy (Ewout B.); M.A.B. van der Sande (Marianne); M. Kraaij-Dirkzwager (Marleen); K. Dirksen (Kees); M. Jonges (Marcel); W. van der Hoek (Wim); M.P.G. Koopmans D.V.M. (Marion); D.V. Werf (Douwe Vander); G.J.B. Sonder (Gerard); C. van der Weijden (Charlie); J. van der Heuvel (Jet); L.B.S. Gelinck (Luc); J.W. Bouwhuis (Jolande); A.B. van Gageldonk-Lafeber (Rianne)

2014-01-01

markdownabstract__Background:__ In May 2014, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, with closely related viral genomes, was diagnosed in two Dutch residents, returning from a pilgrimage to Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). These patients travelled with a

Types Of Christian Tourism

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Cornelia Petroman

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Christian tourism is asub-type of tourism where pilgrims travel alone or in group as missionaries orpilgrims or to spend their free time to recollect; it attracts a large numberof travellers. Christian tourism can be practiced by religious young people,missionaries, participants to religious convents, amateurs of religiouscruises, religious camps, visitors of religious attractions, religiousadventurers. Christian tourism can be considered a sub-type of religioustourism because of the large number of people involved in this type of tourismworldwide. Christian tourism as a sub-category of religious tourism coversthree main sub-types: traditional pilgrimage practiced by most world religions,missionary travel to different areas in the world, and confessional voyage. Thestructure of hospitality industry is common to all types of tourism but, fortraditional pilgrimage, there must be special places for the pilgrims to sleep,eat and pray, because they belong, in most cases, to the medium-income touristcategory.

A f(e)rmidable family

CERN Multimedia

Anaïs Schaeffer

2011-01-01

At the beginning of October, Olivia Fermi, granddaughter of Physics Nobel prize-winner Enrico Fermi, stopped off at CERN on the second stage of her "nuclear pilgrimage", using the opportunity to meet CERN physicists…whom she compared to rare, exotic birds.   Olivia Fermi, photographed outside the Globe of Science and Innovation while visiting the Organization. Olivia Fermi is tracking neutrons. She featured her project called "On the Neutron Trail" by a visit to Italy on 29 September, for the 110th anniversary of Enrico Fermi's birth. Her project, inspired by her grandparents, Enrico and Laura Fermi, takes her on a pilgrimage through the history of nuclear physics. Olivia's long journey started at the site of the future Fermi centre (currently under construction) in Rome, where Enrico Fermi made some of his most important discoveries, and will include Hiroshima, where the first atom bomb was dropped, Fermilab and, of course, CER...

Poutnictví, nebo turismus? Přehodnocení náboženských a sekulárních cest za nevšedností

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Jan Kapusta

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The essay deals with the relationships among pilgrimage, travelling, ethnography, tourism and other forms of mobility. I argue that it is not useful to distinguish strictly between the categories of pilgrimage and tourism. Furthermore, I try to challenge the boundaries between religious and secular motion to attain more complex view of the matter. I utilize examples from San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; San Marcos La Laguna, Guatemala; Mariazell, Austria; and the Viennese palace of Albertina to explore the multidimensionality of the subject and simultaneously to depict its similarities. The journeys to the extraordinary, unusual or exceptional experiences share some common aspects such as the power of metanarratives or the effect of psychosocial reinforcement. Here I focus on how the images and discourses are culturally constructed and used by pilgrims, tourists and travellers. Finally, I emphasize that the journeys provide psychic strengthening and social capital to the actors.

Learning to stay ahead of time

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Staunæs, Dorthe; Raffnsøe, Sverre

2014-01-01

In the context of an ongoing change, management is required to take the form of a leadership that must be reignited over and over again. The article examines a new art of leadership that may be viewed as an attempt to keep up with these challenges and stay ahead of time. It emerges from...... a pilgrimage leadership learning laboratory on the road to Santiago de la Compostela. This moving lab creates situations of extraordinary intensity that border on hyperreality and force the leader to find him/herself anew on the verge of him/herself. Conceived as pilgrimage, leadership moves ahead of time...... as it reaches into and anticipates a future still unknown. In this setting, anticipatory affects and the virtual take up a predominant role. As it emerges here, leadership distinguishes itself not only from leadership in the traditional sense, but also from management and governmentality....

Παρατηρήσεις στη μεθοδολογία και στη μελέτη της κεραμικής του 11ου-12ου αι., προοπτικές της έρευνας και επιβοηθητικά εργαλεία: Η συμβολή της χαρτογράφησης και της ανάλυσης δικτύων

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Αναστασία Γ. ΓΙΑΓΚΑΚΗ

2015-12-01

Full Text Available SourceURL:file://localhost/Volumes/NO%20NAME/Text%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%20%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%20%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7.docAlthough the interest in the study of middle Byzantine pottery started during the early years of the 20th century, it is only during the last two decades and especially since the beginning of the 21st century that a systematization of research is taking place. This either aims at the renewed typological classification of some of the established categories and at their more precise dating and at research upon their provenance, or focuses on the study of common, undecorated pottery.The paper critically presents the current state of the research, focusing on the pottery of the 11th and 12th centuries in particular, with an emphasis on glazed wares, amphorae and cooking wares, reviews various aspects of the current state of knowledge, addresses new issues on the methodology or the interpretation of evidence and critically proposes new tools for a better exploitation of new or old data. Among these, special mention is made to the usefulness of mapping the existing evidence, with a particular comment on specific efforts. Additionally, the advantages of the application of network analysis to material of Byzantine pottery are also explored.

Milliprobe and microprobe analysis of gold items of ancient jewellery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demortier, G.; Hackens, T.

It has long been accepted that the presence of cadmium implies a condemnation of the authenticity of an ancient gold object, or at least, of the part of the object where the cadmium is detected. An analysis in Paris of a recently excavated object from Roman times has shown cadmium. Meanwhile, systematic observations were made at L.A.R.N. on objects dating from Hellenistic to Byzantine times with different given origins (objects from a museum and from private collections). By using PIXE with a 3 MeV proton milliprobe (700 μm beam diameter) in a non vacuum geometry, relative amounts of copper, silver, cadmium and gold at the surface of more than 30 gold objects expected to be ancient have been determined. Traces or significant concentrations of cadmium have been detected at several points on or in the neighbourhood of solders on many objects which seem to be from Roman to early Byzantine times. Cadmium concentrations range between 2 to 100 parts per thousand. This range of variations and the relative concentrations of Au, Ag, Cu and Cd at the surface of the objects studied are often different from the figures obtained during analyses of modern soldering alloys. Experiments with the L.A.R.N. proton microprobe (5 μm x 10 μm area) allow a still better topographical resolution and more significative comparison of the relative amounts of the elements of interest in modern soldering alloys and supposedly old solders. The usefulness of the microprobe is demonstrated. (author)

Dinamika haji Indonesia sejak era kolonial dan problematika calon haji ilegal

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Moh. Rosyid

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The number of Indonesian pilgrims every year is increasing. On the other hand, the allocation of the number of pilgrims to be dispatched is limited by the quota. This triggers the waiting list and the share of various hajj efforts despite the violation of the law. However, not pilgrims know that pilgrimage using other country’s passport is a violation of Law No. 12 of 2006 on Citizenship and possible losing of one's nationality. From historical perspective, Muslims’ pilgrim dated back from the 16th century. At that time, there was strong suspicion that upon returning from pilgrimage, Muslims tend to be “rebellious” and initiated movement against the Dutch colonial government. Thus, the Dutch made a strict regulation concerning the Hajj and scrutinized Muslims before pilgrimage, while staying in Mecca and after their return. Among the movement against the Dutch led by Muslim upon returning the Hajj was the Padri movement. Nowadays, the number of Muslims who intend to go Hajj is rising significantly, and the waiting list goes for 15 to 20 years. The long list caused some people to find a way to go for Hajj including manipulation of citizenship documents, such as using passport of other countries. In respond to this situation, the government tries to negotiate with the Saudi government to increase the Hajj quota for Indonesians. Another effort is borrowing the remaining quota of neighboring countries. There is also suggestion to close the Hajj registration for some time and the need to revise the Hajj Law.

The selection of royal figures in the image of power during the Palaiologan epoch: Byzantium - Serbia - Bulgaria

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Vojvodić Dragan

2009-01-01

such a presentation - all or some of them. The principle of presenting the individual portraits of emperors was inaugurated in early Byzantium and later, was continually applied even when depicting rulers who were married and had numerous offspring. Different factors could have influenced the decision to depict the monarch alone, even trivial factors. Nonetheless, when insisting on the individual image of the emperor, the ideology upon which this image was based was crucial. The separate portrait of the supreme ruler best explained the iconic essence of monarchical power as a reflection of the King of Heaven and brought to the forefront the exclusivity of the emperor's mimetic collusion with the divine source of power. That is why such a presentation was able to represent the idea and the authority of all earthly majesty through the image of one anointed man. The introduction in the monarchical portrait of the ruler's sons, who were not crowned or proclaimed co-emperors, is a very interesting phenomenon that was characteristic of monumental and miniature painting in the Palaiologan epoch. In the Middle Byzantine period, only those male descendents, who had the status of co-rulers and were crowned, were depicted next to the imperial sovereign. The custom of including uncrowned sons and ruler's sons who had not been initiated in the affairs of state in the presentation of the ruler's house can also be observed from the second half of the XIII to the middle of the XV century in Serbia. It appears that this custom also left traces even in Bulgarian art. On the other hand, the images of the ruler's sons, who had not received the imperial crown, were omitted in the presentations on coins dating from the Palaiologan epoch. Such action was fully in keeping with ancient Byzantine customs in defining the monetary image of authority. An exception could be only one type of coin that many believe to have been produced in the time of Andronikos III, which bore the image of the very

The Gunfighter's Dilemma: Multiple Adversary Deterrence and Coercion

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Palmer, Jess

2000-01-01

.... Those faced with this dilemma have included the Romans, Byzantines, and the British Empire. Studying these nations in their struggle to maintain control revealed tactics and techniques that proved effective...

A Pilgrimage to the Disneyland of Faith

Science.gov (United States)

Crowe, Justin; McWilliams, Susan; Beienburg, Sean

2010-01-01

As part of a course considering "American Democracy in Theory and Practice," we took 36 students to Rick Warren's Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, California. During that visit, students observed a community that seeks self-sufficiency and yet proves to be simultaneously responsive to and reflective of American democracy more broadly.…

An Adlerian View of the Publican's Pilgrimage.

Science.gov (United States)

Savickas, Mark L.

1988-01-01

Demonstrates the use of Adlerian vocational psychology to conceive the career pattern described by the Publican in an article in this issue, to relate it to his vocational behavior, and select counseling topics that could aid his career development. Describes Adler's psychology as offering a process theory of vocational behavior that comprehends…

De la circulation des "locis sanctis" - le Mons Sion a Prague

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Benešovská, Klára

2014-01-01

Roč. 1, č. 1 (2014), s. 50-62 ISSN 2336-3452 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-39192S Institutional support: RVO:68378033 Keywords : Mons Sion * Jindřich Zdík * Strahov * pilgrimage * Jerusalem * Holy Sepulchre Subject RIV: AL - Art, Architecture, Cultural Heritage

Global spredning af meningokok serogruppe w135

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vestergård, Dorthe; David, Kim P

2008-01-01

Worldwide, meningococcal meningitis and sepsis cause 500,000 cases of illness and 50,000 deaths annually. The increase in global travel activity has resulted in a change in the epidemiology of infectious diseases, and an accumulation of evidence now indicates a connection between pilgrimage and t...

"THE LANGUAGE OF THE HIGHEST TRUTH...": PUSHKIN'S ATTITUDE TO THE GOSPEL IN HIS "JOURNEY TO ARZRUM"

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Irina Leonidovna Bagration-Mukhraneli

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the Christian code of Alexander Pushkin’s Journey to Arzrum, which is a style forming factor for the whole story, featuring a large thematic diversity. The genre of this book is similar to Old Russian pilgrimage stories. It includes an ethnographic sketch, a battle, Oriental and situational impressions of moving in space. All these are balanced with the biblical names and allusions, as well as the existential experience of the sacred. According to Pushkin, the Gospel is the foundation for real politics and an effective means of annexation of the Caucasus to the Russian Empire. Journey to Arzrum had an impact on the image of the war created by Leo Tolstoy in his War and Peace, as well as on the creation of such pilgrimage stories of the 20th century as A Journey to Armenia by Osip Mandelshtam and A Journey to Mount Athos by Boris Zaytsev.

La atracción turística de un espacio mítico: peregrinación al cabo de Finisterre

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Herrero, Nieves

2009-04-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the production of the “sense of place” of Finisterre - Cape situated in the Autonomous Community of Galicia (Spain - and the way it is used to promote its namesake village as a tourist destination. The essay highlights the global and local factors as well as the plurality of social actors that intervene in this process and their different interests and actions. Moreover, it shows the role played in this by the mythic narrative created by the forerunners of the Galician nationalist tradition who identified Galicia as an Atlantic Land´s End. This narrative allowed actors to propose this village as the goal of the pilgrimage to Saint James of Compostela so that it could benefit from the tourist promotion of Galicia largely based on the cultural heritage of the Pilgrim´s Way. The meaning of this place today is related to a secularised experience of the pilgrimage and to the pilgrims ritual practices inspired in the aforesaid myth.

Na hranici kultur: krymský Chersonésos, místo setkávání klasického a barbarského světa

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Čechová, Martina

2015-01-01

Roč. 19, 1/2 (2015), s. 227-239 ISSN 1212-5865 Institutional support: RVO:68378017 Keywords : Crimea * Chersonesos * Byzantine Empire * Nomads * Khazars * agriculture * garum * Crimean Goths Subject RIV: AB - History

On the identical obligations of the population in the chrysobulls issued for the St. George monastery near Skopje

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Blagojević Miloš

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The chrysobulls issued by the Bulgarian emperor Constantine Tich (1238, and by the Serbian king Milutin (1299 authenticated all the estates and privileges of the St. George monastery near Skopje. From these chrysobulls one learns how, during the XI, XII and XIII centuries, the monastery acquired diverse gifts from some ten Byzantine emperors, four Bulgarian emperors, and four Serbian kings or rulers. Both the Bulgarian and the Serbian documents mention a large number of matching expressions that indicated the obligations of the subjugated peasants (serfs, criminal offences and judicial penalties and one sees the same titles for the representatives of all local authorities. Greek and Slav words were used as special terms. It was attested a long time ago that the Greek expressions originated in Byzantium and that they were taken from the rich Byzantine terminology. All of this occurred when Skopje and its vicinity were under stable Byzantine rule in the course of the decades and centuries, and, more substantially, when it was an integral part of the large Byzantine thema of Bulgaria. The case is different where Slav terms are concerned. They originated within the borders of the Bulgarian or the Serbian state, or they may have come into being as the Slav translation of some Greek expressions. The presence of Greek and Slav terms in the Bulgarian and the Serbian documents did not escape the notice of scholars and they have succeeded in accurately explaining most of them. Still, there are no adequate interpretations for some terms, and the inaccurate explanations given for a number of expressions have nonetheless become accepted in professional literature. This paper devotes particular attention, concerning the aforesaid problem circle, to the appearance of the word desetak (tithe both in the district of Skopje and in the Serbian mother territories, then, to the specific meaning of the term carina (customs duty to the appearance of mostnina or the

Ritual Identity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Beek, Suzanne

2017-01-01

Rituals are often used as opportunities for self-reflection and identity construction. The Camino to Santiago de Compostela, which has become a singularly popular pilgrimage since the late 1980s, is an example of a ritual that is explicitly used to gain a deeper understanding of one’s identity

[Who were the healers in medieval Trondheim?].

Science.gov (United States)

Pape, K; Westin, S

1998-12-10

When Trondheim celebrated its millenium in 1997, this also marked a 1000 year-old medical tradition. In medieval times, sick and disabled people made their pilgrimage to the Nidaros cathedral and the grave of Saint Olav (995-1030). Working from the assumption that every organized society develops rituals and rules to deal with disease and death, we have looked for evidence of what kind of healers one would expect there were in medieval Trondheim up to the reformation in 1537. Sources include reports from archaeological excavations, written material of both medieval and more recent origin, buildings and objects, and living traditions. Three kinds of healer traditions can be identified: The popular and "wise" folk healers were based on traditional pre-Christian mythology and belief in natural forces. The charitable clerics emerged with Christianity. The "professional" wound healers evolved from the needs of the military, later to merge with the early barber surgeons. Traces of scientific traditions, the Salerno school and early European university medicine can be found in local texts, but there is no evidence of any university educated doctor practising in Trondheim before the 17th century.

Ve službách československé vědy (Přínos ruské emigrace k rozvoji pražské byzantologie a medievistické balkanistiky)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havlíková, Lubomíra

2006-01-01

Roč. 31, - (2006), s. 17-47 ISSN 0081-007X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90920516 Keywords : history * Russian emigration * Balkan studies * Byzantine studies * Middle Ages Subject RIV: AB - History

Bizancio en el siglo VII: entre historia y profecía. notas en torno a los sucesos del año 626 Byzantium in Seventh century: notes on the events Of the year 626

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Marín Riveros

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Nos proponemos estudiar en este artículo, dentro de una época decisiva para la historia del imperio bizantino, esto es, los siglos Vi al IX, un aspecto particular que dice relación con cambios que se operan en la mentalidad bizantina, en cuanto a sus concepciones históricas y religiosas. en efecto, en medio de una crisis generalizada de inseguridad, la población bizantina se volcó hacia la religión, depositando su confianza en la protección sobrenatural del imperio y su capital. Ai mismo tiempo, constatamos que el trabajo historiográfico pierde consistencia, ocupando su lugar la reflexión religiosa, dentro de un cuadro general de exaltaciones místicas y efervescencia escatológica. Dicho de otro modo, cuando se piensa que el fin del mundo es inminente, ya no tiene sentido escribir historia, pero sí lo tiene la interpretación de las profecías, de cara a la segunda venida del Mesías. se trata de un momento decisivo en la configuración de la mentalidad bizantina.We try to study in this article, within a critical time in the history of the Byzantine empire, that is, 6th to 9th Century, a particular aspect in relationship with changes operate in the Byzantine mentality, in his historical and religious conceptions. indeed, in the middle of a generalized crisis of insecurity, the Byzantine population turned toward religion, depositing their trutst in the supernatural protection of the empire and its capital. at the same time, we see how the historiographical work loses consistency, taking its place religious reflections within a general picture of mystical panegyrics and eschatological effervescence. in another way, when you think that the end of the world is imminent, no makes sense write history, but does it have the interpretation of the prophecies in regard to the second coming of the Messiah. TPus is a turning point in the configuration of the Byzantine mentality.

RESO-NA-NCEIJa-nu-a

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

74 BOOK REVIEWS. • The Fall of a Sparrow. The life of Salim Ali. Kartik Shanker. • Quantum Revolution. The Birth of Quantum Mechanics. A K Vijaykumar. 81 REFLECTIONS. An Ornithological Pilgrimage to Lake Manasarowar and Mount Kallas. Salim Ali. Front Cover. The cover picture shows two representations of a.

Traditional Rational Arguments for the Existence of God (Chukwu) in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Religion Dept

wonder also man has turned his attention to all sorts of problems revolving around God, ranging from ... Consequently they are divided. Likewise, the God- ... memories of one's pilgrimage to God: ONUCHUKWU (God's voice or shrine of the ... also certain Igbo names which explicitly assert that God exists. Such names are ...

GÖBEKLI TEPE: AN OUTSTANDING PRE-POTTERY NEOLITHIC SITE IN THE GERMUŞ MOUNTAINS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kinzel, Moritz

as previously thought). Since the first excavations, starting in the mid-1990s, Göbekli Tepe has repeatedly been referred to as a mountain sanctuary and pilgrimage site. However, more recent fieldwork is now beginning to reveal a more complex story. New archaeological results and the re-appraisal of existing...

Ritual Authenticity as Social Criticism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Beek, Suzanne; Post, Paul; Sparks, Logan

2015-01-01

Rituals are often used as opportunities for self-reflection and identity construction. The Camino to Santiago de Compostela, which has become a singularly popular pilgrimage since the late ‘80s of the last century, is an example of a ritual that is explicitly used to gain a deeper understanding of

Geograficko-správní staroslověnská terminologie v právních památkách 9. století a její řecké (byzantské) a latinské paralely

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havlíková, Lubomíra

2009-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 1 (2009), s. 9-20 ISSN 1803-8301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90920516 Keywords : history * Great Moravia * Slavonic law * Byzantine law * linguistics * terminology Subject RIV: AB - History

Early hospital discharge and early puerperal complications.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramírez-Villalobos, Dolores; Hernández-Garduño, Adolfo; Salinas, Aarón; González, Dolores; Walker, Dilys; Rojo-Herrera, Guadalupe; Hernández-Prado, Bernardo

2009-01-01

To evaluate the association between time of postpartum discharge and symptoms indicative of complications during the first postpartum week. Women with vaginal delivery at a Mexico City public hospital, without complications before the hospital discharge, were interviewed seven days after delivery. Time of postpartum discharge was classified as early (25 hours). The dependent variable was defined as the occurrence and severity of puerperal complication symptoms. Out of 303 women, 208 (68%) were discharged early. However, women with early discharge and satisfactory prenatal care had lower odds of presenting symptoms in early puerperium than women without early discharge and inadequate prenatal care (OR 0.36; 95% confidence intervals = 0.17-0.76). There was no association between early discharge and symptoms of complications during the first postpartum week; the odds of complications were lower for mothers with early discharge and satisfactory prenatal care.

Slavjane na territorii Čechii i ich kontakty v VI-VII vv

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Profantová, Naďa

2015-01-01

Roč. 2015, č. 5 (2015), s. 97-116 ISSN 1608-9057 Institutional support: RVO:67985912 Keywords : Prague-type pottery culture * contacts * archaeology and identity * palmate fibulae * Byzantine buckles Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Acute high-altitude illness | Hofmeyr | South African Medical Journal

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A substantial proportion of South Africa (SA)'s population lives at high altitude (>1 500 m), and many travel to very high altitudes (>3 500 m) for tourism, business, recreation or religious pilgrimages every year. Despite this, knowledge of acute altitude illnesses is poor among SA doctors. At altitude, the decreasing ambient ...

Arab-Byzantine War, 629-644 AD

Science.gov (United States)

2007-12-14

ecclesiastical architecture until the arrival of the Gothic style 500 years later. Inevitably, the greatest expression of their greatest art was in their...manuals. More unusual primary sources were studied, including sermons, icons, mosaics, architecture and archeological findings when they seemed...

The Southern Lombardy and commercial relations in the Mediterranean area: the case of Salerno

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Giuseppe Gianluca Cicco

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to recover the written testimonies – both narrative and documentary sources – and also archaeological evidences about the role of Lombard Salerno in the Mediterranean commerces between VIIIth and XIth centuries, beginning from the regency of the Beneventan prince Arechi II who, after the Frank conquest of the Lombard kingdom, developed the economy and the urban structure of the maritime city. In this text we tried also to examine the real existence of a port in Salerno for the early medieval centuries and the location of the markets in the city and in the neighboring territory. Further investigations regards the commercial activism – rather modest – of Lombard Salerno in the exchanges with the near Byzantine provinces, the Saracen colonies in the peninsular South Italy and Sicily.

Primary pollutants and potential photochemical smog formation in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nasralla, M.M.; Seroji, A.R.

2007-01-01

This study was conducted in Mina Valley and the central district of the holy city, Makkah, during the pilgrimage (Hajj) season of 1424 Hijri (2004). During this season, more than 2.5 million people gathered in Makkah to perform the Hajj rituals. Two mobile air pollution laboratories were used to monitor NO, NO2, NOx, non-methane hydrocarbons and ozone (O3) in the atmosphere in Mina and Makkah. Instruments were calibrated periodically against standard gases. The present investigation showed clearly an ideal diurnal cycle of local ozone formation. Although the intensity of the incoming UV radiation was the lowest compared with other months of the year, recorded ozone levels approached the maximum allowable levels of 150 ug/m3 in Mina, and exceeded 160 ug/m3 in Makkah during the pilgrimage period. The problem was intensified by the high record levels NOx, sometimes reaching more than 800 ug/m3, 1h average, coupled with 1h average concentration of about 3 ppm non-methane hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the average maximum hourly ozone concentrations increased gradually from less than 60 ug/m3 during February to reach more than 200 ug/m3 (as an indication of smog formation) during some days of May. This coincides with the increase in the intensity of the incoming UV radiation reaching its maximum level in May. Consequently, it can be concluded that Makkah may face severe air pollution episodes when the pilgrimage season shifts to the summer months in the next few years. This may pose acute health problems for the elderly people and those with respiratory health problems. Good air quality and transportation management as well as the use of alternative clean fuel are highly recommended. (author)

«Approchez avec crainte de Dieu, foi et amour» : le programme iconographique de la travée occidentale de l’abside en Moldavie (XVe – XVIe siècles

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Vlad Bedros

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper, informed by an inventory of the apse iconography in Moldavian monuments from the late 15th to the first half of the 16th century, draws attention to an overlooked element of the otherwise familiar iconographic system employed – with occasional nuances – within the Post-Byzantine tradition in the aftermath of the Alosis: the selection of themes to be displayed in the bay which links the apse to the naos. The arrangements encountered in monuments dating from (approx. 1490 to 1535 put forward a variety of formulas which – although described in a sequence that deliberately emphasizes the similarities which came across – are nonetheless indicative of a broad and not necessarily fluent use of the late Byzantine tradition. It seems that the basic message conveyed by these iconographic boundaries aims at stressing the holiness of the sanctuary (involving a separation from the iconography of the naos, in the cases of Probota and Saint-Georges in Suceava but also, in a manner which could be informed by the late Byzantine perception of the liturgy – as deduced from the writings of Nicolas Cabasilas and St. Simeon of Thessaloniki –, at joining together naos and apse, via ‘iconographic belts’ (most frequently the Passion cycle, which sets out from and ends up in the sanctuary. The abundance of theophanic themes invites one to consider this iconographic thresholds in relation with the receiving of Communion, administered on the solea which lies underneath.

A Self-Stabilizing Hybrid Fault-Tolerant Synchronization Protocol

Science.gov (United States)

Malekpour, Mahyar R.

2015-01-01

This paper presents a strategy for solving the Byzantine general problem for self-stabilizing a fully connected network from an arbitrary state and in the presence of any number of faults with various severities including any number of arbitrary (Byzantine) faulty nodes. The strategy consists of two parts: first, converting Byzantine faults into symmetric faults, and second, using a proven symmetric-fault tolerant algorithm to solve the general case of the problem. A protocol (algorithm) is also present that tolerates symmetric faults, provided that there are more good nodes than faulty ones. The solution applies to realizable systems, while allowing for differences in the network elements, provided that the number of arbitrary faults is not more than a third of the network size. The only constraint on the behavior of a node is that the interactions with other nodes are restricted to defined links and interfaces. The solution does not rely on assumptions about the initial state of the system and no central clock nor centrally generated signal, pulse, or message is used. Nodes are anonymous, i.e., they do not have unique identities. A mechanical verification of a proposed protocol is also present. A bounded model of the protocol is verified using the Symbolic Model Verifier (SMV). The model checking effort is focused on verifying correctness of the bounded model of the protocol as well as confirming claims of determinism and linear convergence with respect to the self-stabilization period.

Τὸ Βυζάντιο καὶ ὁ ἐκχριστιανισμὸς τῶν λαῶν τοῦ Καυκάσου καὶ τῆς Κριμαίας (6ος αἰ.

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Σοφία ΠΑΤΟΥΡΑ

1989-09-01

Full Text Available Sophie PatouraByzance et la christianisation des peuples du Caucase et de Crimée La question de la diffusion du christianisme chez les peuples du Caucase et de la Crimée au VIe siècle dans les cadres de la politique extérieure de Byzance consiste l'objet de notre étude. Dans le premier chapitre nous analysons la christianisation de la Lazique et de l'Ibérie, régions d'une grande importance stratégique tant pour l'Empire Byzantin que pour l'Empire Perse. Dans le deuxième chapitre nous examinons les efforts de Byzance pour la christianisation et l'approche idéologico-politique des Abasges et des Tzannes, peuples barbares qui n'avaient pas jusqu'alors reçu aucune influence directe ou indirecte de Byzance. Enfin dans le troisième chapitre nous nous occupons de la position des Huns de Bospore, des Huns Sabirs, des Hèrules du Danube et des Goths de Crimée, peuples que la diplomatie byzantine avec l'Eglise avaient réussi d'approcher idéologiquement et politiquement et de les rendre des alliés fidèles de l'Empire. L'analyse critique de chacun de ces cas de christianisation fait ressortir leur caractère éminemment politique et le rôle primordial joué dans ces cas, par l'Empereur byzantin. 

Cesarzowa Bułgarów, augusta i bazylisa – Maria-Irena Lekapena i transfer bizantyńskiej idei kobiety-władczyni (imperial feminine w średniowiecznej Bułgarii

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Zofia A. Brzozowska

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Empress of Bulgarians, augusta and basilissa – Maria-Irene Lekapene and the transfer of the idea of imperial feminine in the Medieval Bulgaria Maria Lekapene was a granddaughter of Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos. In 927 she married Peter I of Bulgaria. Her marriage, ceremoniously entered into in Constantinople, aimed to strengthen the newly signed Byzantine-Bulgarian peace treaty. Historians attributed to the Empress a significant impact on the political moves of her husband. The Empress was also to introduce a lot of elements of the Byzantine theory of power in Bulgaria.   Cesarzowa Bułgarów, augusta i bazylisa – Maria-Irena Lekapena i transfer bizantyńskiej idei kobiety-władczyni (imperial feminine w średniowiecznej Bułgarii Maria Lekapena była wnuczką cesarza bizantyńskiego Romana I Lekapena. W 927 roku poślubiła władcę Bułgarii, Piotra. Jej małżeństwo, uroczyście zawarte w Konstantynopolu, miało za zadanie umocnić dopiero co podpisany pokój bizantyńsko-bułgarski. Historycy przypisywali carycy znaczny wpływ na polityczne posunięcia jej męża. Władczyni miała też zaszczepić na gruncie bułgarskim wiele elementów bizantyńskiej teorii władzy.

Sitges (Catalunya y el carnaval gay: el turismo

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Lacaba Gutiérrez, José Juan

2004-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, I explain the development of a tourist village in the Catalonian coast (northeast of Spain as a gay destination during carnival times during the month February. My intention is to include my reflections in this paper in the symbolic - cognitive studies about tourism and I want also to reflect about the idea of the constructions in gay culture of different places all around the world of leisure or/and pilgrimage. Sitges is a scale gay destination really knowledge in Western Europe during the hole year, but during carnival times, it's convert in a gay pilgrimage in different ways and there is have been crated during those last years gays places of leisure in the village that make me create the idea of the existence of a gay Carnival in Sitges Carnival. Because we cannot consider the gay carnival independent of what I call Sitges Carnival, I explain also the development and the historical conflicts between those two carnivals, and how those separate spaces have been created

Is credit for early action credible early action?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rolfe, C.; Michaelowa, A.; Dutschke, M.

1999-12-01

Credit for early action as a tool for greenhouse gas emissions reduction is compared with various market instruments as a means of narrowing the gap between projected emissions and those of the Kyoto Protocol. Market instruments work by creating a market price for emissions and use the market to encourage reductions at the lowest price, which is done by placing limits on greenhouse gas emissions and allowing the market to decide where reductions occur, or by imposing a carbon tax or emissions charge. While they can be applied within a sector, they are usually used to encourage reductions throughout the economy or across large sectors. Credit for early action also creates an incentive for emissions reductions throughout the economy or at least across many sectors. Credit for early action tools do not work by either imposing a carbon tax or emissions charge or placing limits on emissions, rather they promise that entities that take action against greenhouse gases prior to the imposition of a carbon tax or emissions limits will receive a credit against future taxes or limits. An overview is provided of the Kyoto Protocol and the rationale for taking early action, and a review is included of the theory and specific proposals for market instruments and credit for early action. A comparative analysis is provided of these approaches by examining their relative efficiency, environmental effectiveness, and impacts on the redistribution of wealth. Credit for early action is viewed as problematic on a number of counts and is seen as an interim strategy for imposition while political support for market instruments develop. The environmental effectiveness of credit for early action is very difficult to predict, and credit for early action programs do not yield the lowest cost emissions reductions. Credit for early action programs will not achieve compliance with the Kyoto Protocol at the lowest cost, and credits for early action will increase the compliance costs for those who

Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Gastroenteritis in Hajj pilgrimage

KAUST Repository

Padron Regalado, Eriko

2014-05-01

Hajj is the annual gathering of Islam practitioners in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. During the event, gastrointestinal infections are usually experienced and outbreaks have always been a concern; nevertheless, a deep and integrative study of the etiological agents has never been carried out. Here, I describe for the first time the epidemiology of pathogenic enteric viruses during Hajj 2011, 2012 and 2013. The focus of this study was the common enteric viruses Astrovirus, Norovirus, Rotavirus and Adenovirus. An enzyme Immunoassay established their presence in 14.9%, 15.0% and 6.6% of the reported cases of acute diarrhea for 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. For the three years of study, Astrovirus accounted for the majority of the viral infections. To our knowledge, this is the first time an epidemiological study depicts Astrovirus as the main viral agent of gastroenteritis in a mass gathering event. Hajj is rich in strains of Astrovirus, Norovirus and Rotavirus. A first screening by RT-PCR resulted in ten different genotypes. Strains HAstV 2, HAstV 1 and HAstV 5 were identified for Astrovirus. GI.6, GII.3, GII.4 and GII.1 were described for Norovirus and G1P[8], G4P[8] and G3P[8] were found for Rotavirus. The majority of the Astrovirus isolates could not be genotyped suggesting the presence of a new variant(s). Cases like this encourage the use of metagenomics (and nextgeneration sequencing) as a state-of-the-art technology in clinical diagnosis. A sample containing Adenovirus particles is being used to standardize a process for detection directly from stool samples and results will be obtained in the near future. The overall findings of the present study support the concept of Hajj as a unique mass gathering event that potentiates the transmission of infectious diseases. The finding of Norovirus GII.4 Sydney, a variant originated from Australia, suggests that Hajj is a receptor of infectious diseases worldwide. This work is part of the Hajj project, a collaborative effort with the Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in order to describe entirely the epidemiology of gastrointestinal diseases in Hajj. It is expected that the results of this study will serve in the refinement of public health policies.

Young Adult Women and the Pilgrimage of Motherhood

Science.gov (United States)

Lipperini, Patricia T.

2016-01-01

Motherhood is a complex experience that can be transformative, offering women opportunities for personal enrichment and spiritual development. Because the largest incidence of births occurs to women in the Millennial or late Generation X generations, this complex, potentially transformative experience occurs at a critical time in young adult…

Der ausgesprochene Verzicht auf Heiligenbilder in verifizierten byzantinischen Siegelinschriften

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Alexandra-Kyriaki Wassiliou-Seibt

2016-09-01

Full Text Available THE EMPHATIC ABANDONMENT OF HOLY FIGURES ON BYZANTINE SEALS WITH METRICAL INSCRIPTIONS  There is only a small number of Byzantine seals inscriptions laying emphasis on the abandonment of representations of the Theotokos, of Christ or of saints; instead they offer special verses. In some cases they argue this deviation from the standard repertoire with “piety” (εὐλάβεια. The majority of these bulls stem from the second half of the XII century and were issued by members of the high military or civil aristocracy; by using curious expressions they outstrip the usual tradition. Three of them use formulas found already in the later XI or early XII century; they cannot stem from the same historical context, as shortly was assumed in a quite anachronistic way. The princess Anna Komnene (the eldest daughter of Alexios I and her husband Nikephoros (Bryennios used such verses for their seals. That has nothing to do with the anathema against Eustratios, the metropolitan of Nikaia, by the synod on April 26, 1117, nor with the familiar conflicts concerning the succession of the emperor Alexios. If the content of this couple’s seals inscriptions was really intending theological-political propaganda, then that should be interpreted as support for the emperor and his principal advocate Eustratios, the metropolitan of Nikaia, against Leon, the metropolitan of Chalkedon (and his followers, who had accused the emperor of treating icons without the necessary piety (in the years 1081/1082-1095. A more plausible and logical explanation for the deliberate omission of holy figures on seals results by their short function: as soon as they were detached from the document or letter they were thrown away without any regard to the holy images on the obverse.

Ravenna from imperial residence to episcopal city: processes of centrality across empires

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Salvatore Cosentino

2015-01-01

Full Text Available From Late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages, two basic factor shaped Ravenna’s ability to influence a much more extensive space than its natural hinterland. The first was its establishment as an imperial residence the second was its location within the northern Adriatic basin, which had since Antiquity been a crossroads for peoples, trade and cultures. Just on the basis of the support it received from the imperial power, its episcopate was elevated to one of the most important sees of Italy. By means of the large international harbour of Classe, from the 5th to the 7th centuries the city imported products from around the entire Mediterranean. With the arrival of the Byzantine government, the ties between the port of Classe and the other Mediterranean export centres shifted by moving from West to East. Moreover, the relationship with Constantinople reaffirmed the political and ecclesiastical importance of Ravenna. As long as these ties remained strong, Ravenna retained a vital contact to the other maritime Mediterranean trade centres. The twilight of Byzantine rule did not cause the decline of the city, but rather a progressive turn of its ruling class toward the political scenario of the medieval West. By virtue of being the management centre of the patrimonium beati Apollinaris, the city remained wealthy and influential well beyond the 9th century. This was due both to the economic power of its archbishops and to their alliance with the Ottonians and then later with the Salian and Swabian emperors. The trajectories of the political centrality of Ravenna from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages were, therefore, deeply influenced by the dynamic of successive empires, which, in one form or another, were all connected or attempted to reconnect to the memory of its Roman past.

Der terminus προνοητησ in der Byzantinischen verwaltung

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Wassiliou-Seibt Alexandra-Kyriaki

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article examines on the basis of the small number of essential literary and sigillographic evidence the scope and duties of the προνοηταí (as a terminus technicus in the Byzantine administration. The earliest evidence comes from the 6th century, the latest from the 12th. Already in the Early Byzantine period the scope of their activities is fixed: administration of domains and municipal and fiscal administration. Acting in the capacity of stewards of private and official real estate these people were responsible for collecting and transmitting taxes to the responsible department, minus an allowance for themselves. Their colleagues in the municipal and provincial administration were revenue officers with special authority. In the provincial administration of the 11th the pronoetai were sometimes also άναγραφείς in their region. Till now we know only one example of a commander of a thema who was at the same time also a προνοητής (Eustathios Charsianites. The προνοηταί τού δημοσίου (scil. fiscus were authorized to exact outstanding taxes. A special case is the προνοητής of the alms-house of Michael Attaleiates in Rhaidestos, because he was the highest administrator of all its estates and dependencies. Normally the προνοηταί were administrators of a lower rank in the domains, subject to the οίκονόμος or the κουράτωρ.

Η Ευδοκία Μακρεμβολίτισσα και τα νομίσματα του Κωνσταντίνου Ι' Δούκα

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Sanja MEŠANOVIĆ

1998-09-01

Full Text Available    Sanja MešanovićEudocia Makrembolitissa and the Coinage of Constantine X Doucas  Constantine X Doukas (1059-1067 issued, during his reign, silver and copper coinage bearing the portraits of himself as well as the portraits of his powerful wife Eudocia. Particularly interesting is a copper coin, which breaks the tradition of almost eighty years of purely anonymous issues, having the standing figures of Constantine and Eudocia and the inscriptions Constantine Doukas and Eudocia Augusta  Eudocia is occupying, instead of her husband, the place of honor. Until nowadays the presence of the empress Eudocia Makrembolitissa on the coinage of her husband was attributed exclusively to her important political influence. This article argues that the presence of empress Eudocia's portrait on the copper coinage of Constantine X, together with the title Augusta is due not only to her political influence but probably also to the revival of an old byzantine tradition of the 4th, 5th, and the beginning of the 6th centuries. According to this tradition a Byzantine empress was proclaimed Augusta and had the right to appear on the coinage after giving birth to an heir to the throne. The motive behind this revival of an old and forgotten tradition might have been the attempt to ensure the future of the new dynasty of the Doucas family, which arouse to the throne of the Byzantine Empire in 1059, after a rather long period of political instability and quick changes of emperors, caused by the absence of a male heir of the Macedonian dynasty. Our hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that the appearance of Eudocia's effigy on the copper coinage of her husband is soon followed by the revival of another old byzantine tradition. This time, in 1068, after Eudocia's wedding with her second husband Romanos IV Diogenes, a marriage solidus, struck to celebrate the event as well as to legalize the new emperor Romanos IV, was issued. The same practice was exercised in the

Egy tanúságtevő hitvalló, szolgáló, tudományos és papi pálya lezárult: Petrasevics Nikefor József eperjesi görög katolikus kanonok és tudományos kutató emlékére (1915–2013 - Passed a Wittness of the Faith, Scientist, a Servant of The Lord, True Priest: Nicefor Petrashevich (1915–2013, canon of the Preshov Greek Catholic Eparchy

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FÖLDVÁRI, Sándor

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Decease of the witness of the Faith, a servant of the Lord and a famous researcher of the religious folklore: Nicefor Joseph Petrashevich (1915–2013 distinguished member of the Capitol of Preshov Greek Catholic Eparchy Born in Čukalovce, East-Slovakia (then Csukalóc, Upper-Hungary in 1915 as the sixth of the eleven children in the family of a Greek Catholic bishop, he was inspired by his father and elder brother who served the Lord. He studied in the high school (gymnasium of the Cistercian Order in Eger (Northern Hungary which provided its pupils with knowledge and deep faith. He became a choir-minister of the Uzghorod Bishopric Basilica where he turned to the examination of folklore traditions reflected in the liturgical chants. Apparently, it was his calling and his findings on the Byzantine chants contributed significantly to the understanding of religious folklore. He was known as a gifted composer and singer too. The Greek Catholic Church was banned in the Soviet Union which obtained Subcarpathia after the World War II, and this church was oppressed in Slovakia as well, so he faced a dilemma: to convert to the Ortodox (Pravoslav Christianity and live free, or to remain faithful to the Catholic Church and be persecuted. Moreover, he was a coelebs, a priest who did not have a wife (despite the fact that Greek Catholic priests are allowed to have families. Consequently, he could have been elected as bishop, as the higher ranks in the Byzantine Churches are open for monks. The communist authorities offered Pope Nicefor the episcopate of the Slovak Ortodox Church, if he converted to the Ortodoxy. He refused it: “my head does not accept the mithra (bishops’ crone by leaving my Catholic faith” –he said. As a result, he was imprisoned for more than two years in Slovakia. Later he came to Hungary where could not serve as a parochial priest, but worked as cantor or helping pope in various places and in centres of pilgrimage where

Byzance àpres Byzance. Byzantská tradice a kultura obyvatel Balkánského poloostrova po pádu byzantské říše, v době turecké nadvlády

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havlíková, Lubomíra

2009-01-01

Roč. 80, 3/4 (2009), s. 309-332 ISSN 1211-7617 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90920516 Keywords : Byzantium * Balkans * Byzantine studies * Balkan studies * Bulgaria * Serbia * Croatia * Greece * historiography * philology * philosophy * theology * history of art Subject RIV: AB - History

La metáfrasis de la Ilíada al griego vulgar. A propósito de la Ilíada de Nicolás Lucanis

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Pedro Bádenas de la Peña

1995-06-01

Full Text Available The illustrated Iliad printed in Venice in 1526 is a rare book which is interesting in several ways: a It is the first Iliad in a modern European language, it is not a translation of the Homeric text but an adaptation or, much better, a «metaphrasis» in trochaicus octosyllabic verses from a byzantine version. b Until the Apócopos by Bergadis in Cretan dialect appeared (Venice 1509, this Iliad was the first book printed in modern Greek. c The metaphrasis by Lukanis shows an important publishing activity dedicated to the emigrant Greek people, to the readers of the Greek lands depending on Venice yet, as well as to the Greek speakers of the Ottoman Empire. d Culturally speaking. Lukanis’ Iliad demonstrates that in the 16th century a byzantine pattern of rhetorical vulgarization of the classical works was valid, that was the Hermoniakos’ Iliad.

Andronikos I Komnenos: A Greek Tragedy

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Harry J. MAGOULIAS

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The Annals of Niketas Choniates depict Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos (1183-1185 in certain aspects of his lifestyle as a mirror image of his first cousin, Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (1143-1180. The life and death of Andronikos I Komnenos provide us with a window into the aesthetic, moral, intellectual, religious, economic and emotional world of Byzantine society in the 12th century. It was thanks to the Byzantine empire that the ancient texts were preserved and transmitted. Ancient Greek culture and reason, in particular, continued to inform Christian values while, at the same time, both could be in radical conflict. The tragic reign of Andronikos as presented by Niketas Choniates conforms to Aristotle's principles of classical drama, but there is a fundamental disagreement between the author of the Poetics and the historian as to what constitutes tragedy, which underlines this conflict.

Clericalization of the Russian Excursion Tourism

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Boris Rodoman

2014-05-01

Full Text Available In the modern Russia almost every secular excursion is starting to resemble a religious pilgrimage, while reducing itself to a visit to Orthodox monasteries and temples. A lot of stories are told about saints and their actions, an unconcealed religious propaganda is carried on, and the history of the country is presented in a cleric-monarchical manner.

Hell on Rails. The Continuing Violence in La Mara by Rafael Ramirez Heredia

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José Manuel Camacho Delgado

2016-12-01

Full Text Available La Mara (2004 is one of the greatest Latin American novels about the violence plaguing the border between Mexico and Guatemala, where the maras (gangs, drug traffickers and all kinds of mafia organizations operate. Rafael Ramirez Heredia recreates the pitiful pilgrimage of thousands of undocumented immigrants who try to cross Mexico on a train known as the Beast.

Island of the Sun: Elite and Non-Elite Observations of the June Solstice

Science.gov (United States)

Dearborn, David S. P.; Bauer, Brian S.

In Inca times (AD 1400-1532), two small islands in Lake Titicaca had temples dedicated to the sun and the moon. Colonial documents indicate that the islands were the focus of large-scale pilgrimages. Recent archaeoastronomical work suggests that rituals, attended by both elites and commoners, were held on the Island of the Sun to observe the setting sun on the June solstice.

Early diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy

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Mijna eHadders-Algra

2014-09-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges for early diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy (CP. CP describes a group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to disturbances that occurred in the fetal or infant brain. Therefore the paper starts with a summary of relevant information from developmental neuroscience. Most lesions underlying CP occur in the second half of gestation, when developmental activity in the brain reaches its summit. Variations in timing of the damage not only result in different lesions, but also in different neuroplastic reactions and different associated neuropathologies. This turns CP into a heterogeneous entity. This may mean that the best early diagnostics and the best intervention methods may differ for various subgroups of children with CP. Next, the paper addresses possibilities for early diagnosis. It discusses the predictive value of neuromotor and neurological exams, neuro-imaging techniques and neurophysiological assessments. Prediction is best when complementary techniques are used in longitudinal series. Possibilities for early prediction of CP differ for infants admitted to neonatal intensive care and other infants. In the former group best prediction is achieved with the combination of neuro-imaging and the assessment of general movements, in the latter group best prediction is based on carefully documented milestones and neurological assessment. The last part reviews early intervention in infants developing CP. Most knowledge on early intervention is based on studies in high risk infants without CP. In these infants early intervention programs promote cognitive development until preschool age; motor development profits less. The few studies on early intervention in infants developing CP suggest that programs that stimulate all aspects of infant development by means of family coaching are most promising. More research is

Byzantské "drama" Trpící Kristus

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Fialová, Radka

2012-01-01

Roč. 23, č. 1 (2012), s. 30-45 ISSN 0862-5409 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GBP401/12/G168 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : Byzantine drama * Passion of Christ * Ancient Greek tragedy Subject RIV: AJ - Letters, Mass-media, Audiovision

Toward self-stabilizing wait-free shared memory objects

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J.H. Hoepman (Jaap-Henk); M. Papatriantafilou (Marina); P. Tsigas (Philippas)

1995-01-01

textabstractPast research on fault tolerant distributed systems has focussed on either processor failures, ranging from benign crash failures to the malicious byzantine failure types, or on transient memory failures, which can suddenly corrupt the state of the system. An interesting question in the

Early Childhood Systems: Transforming Early Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Kagan, Sharon Lynn, Ed.; Kauertz, Kristie, Ed.

2012-01-01

In this seminal volume, leading authorities strategize about how to create early childhood systems that transcend politics and economics to serve the needs of all young children. The authors offer different interpretations of the nature of early childhood systems, discuss the elements necessary to support their development, and examine how…

Theology of Karman: merit, death and release in the case of Varanasi, India

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Erik Reenberg Sand

2010-01-01

Full Text Available In this article, the focus is on the question as to what motives the pilgrims may have for performing pilgrimage, and, in doing this, the author deals especially with the Hindu tradition, namely with pilgrimage to Varanasi, Banaras or Kāśī, which is often considered the Hindu sacred city par excellence by both Hindus and Westerners alike.The sacred power of Varanasi has three sources: the eternal presence of Śiva from the time of creation, the cremation ghāṭand the presence of the river Gaṅgā. Furthermore, we found that the most characteristic thing about the power of Varanasi is its connection with death and its power to confer on the pilgrim the fruit of complete release from the circle of birth, death, and rebirth, something which is normally the privilege of the adherents of ascetic and other non-worldly systems. This feature is still reflected in the fact that many elderly people come to Varanasi in order to die and get cremated here, and many people from the surrounding areas still take the bodies of their dead relatives to Varanasi for cremation.

ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND IMPACT OF DISTURBANCE IN AN ALPINE PASTURE OF GARHWAL HIMALAYA, INDIA

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MANOJ DHAULAKHANDI

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The alpine area in Garhwal Himalaya is highly fragile and is known for its beautiful flora and fauna. The study area was located just below the Gangotri glacier which is the origin of Bhagirathi, a holy river of India. Pilgrimage, tourism, adventure activities and mules are the factors responsible for causing disturbance in this area. There is a remarkable variation in the values of diversity, species richness, dominance, density IVI and biomass production at Bhojbasa Protected (BP and Bhojbasa Disturbed (BD sites. The value of liveshoot biomass was highest in August (444 g m-2 on BP and 80 g m-2 on BD sites. Belowground biomass was also recorded highest for BP site and lowest for BD site. The ANP value at BP site was 363 g m-2 y-1 and 26 g m-2 y-1 at BD site.This area has shown decrease in diversity and productivity, and heavy soil erosion that indicate the consequence of increasing human activities due to pilgrimage, tourism and camping and frequent movement of mules carrying goods. Therefore, this area requires strict measures for biodiversity conservation and disaster mitigation.

Dating of ancient icons from Kiev art collections

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kovalyukh, N; van der Plicht, J; Possnert, G; Skripkin, [No Value; Chlenova, L; Boaretto, E.; Carmi, I.

2001-01-01

Icon painting in the Ukraine is rooted in the Byzantine culture, after the conversion to the Christian religion. During the medieval epoch, Kiev became the artistic center for highly skilled icon painters. The icons were painted on wooden boards, specially made for this purpose. Historic dating of

The canceled marbles: limekilns in Gortys

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Claudia Lambrugo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The limekiln which is the subject of this paper was found during the last excavation in Gortys (2010, conducted by the University of Milan in the so called “Terme Milano”, south of the Pretorio. The little limekiln, which probably dates between the end of the 6th century A.D. and the beginning of the 7th century A.D., was set after the great bath complex had collapsed for one of the strong earthquakes that struck Gortys in those times. As the sizes are modest, the kiln is suggested to be a periodic one, used for a short period, but in close connections with some new byzantine constructions and accomodations in the Pretorio area. The paper is also a reconsideration of the evidence on other limekilns in Gortys (in the theater of Pythion, in Byzantine Quarter ecc. and in Crete (the great kiln in Aptera at the end of the classical time.

Introduction to astronomy by Theodore Metochites (Stoicheiosis Astronomike 1.5-30)

CERN Document Server

Paschos, Emmanuel A

2017-01-01

Stoicheiosis Astronomike ("Elements of Astronomy") is a late Byzantine comprehensive introduction to Astronomy. It was written by an outstanding figure in Byzantine culture and politics, who served also as prime minister. This volume makes available for the first time a large part of its astronomical contents, offering the original text with an English translation, accompanied by an introduction and analysis. This book describes the celestial spheres, the rotation of the planets, and especially the apparent trajectory of the sun with its uniform and anomalous rotations, which are used to determine the length of the year. Metochites proposed a new starting date for the calendar (6th of October 1283) specifying the position of the sun on that date. The work revived the interest in studies of Ptolemaic astronomy as attested by numerous annotations in the margins of the manuscripts. Besides its astronomical content there are statements on the epistemological method and other issues elucidating the spirit of tha...

Infusing Early Childhood Mental Health into Early Intervention Services

Science.gov (United States)

Grabert, John C.

2009-01-01

This article describes the process of enhancing early childhood mental health awareness and skills in non-mental health staff. The author describes a pilot training model, conducted the U.S. Army's Early Intervention Services, that involved: (a) increasing early childhood mental health knowledge through reflective readings, (b) enhancing…

Pluteus from the Chancel Screen in the Sanctuary of St Tryphon in Kotor

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Pavuša Vežić

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The author discusses a marble pluteus discovered in 1906 in the Kotor cathedral, where it was incorporated in the main altar as a spolium. Apparently, it originally belonged to the chancel screen in the sanctuary of St Tryphon, constructed in the early 9th century, of which only remnants of the foundation layer have been preserved. The pluteus has been analysed on several occasions, with the results published in scholarly literature, and most experts have justly dated it to the early period of pre-Romanesque sculpture in Dalmatia. Its front features a relief with geometric and vegetal ornaments. To the left, there is a panel with knotted triangles along the edge and rhombuses in the central section. The panel to the right contains two arcades with crosses underneath. Special attention has been paid to the relatively numerous ornaments on similar plutei in areas of Adrio-Byzantine tradition, in Roman cities of the Istrian and Dalmatian coastlines. Thereit combines with influences from Lombard and Carolingian centres, and in this combination it is also present in the area of the ancient Croatian state and other Sclavinias. The pluteus of Kotor is a telling element in the discussion on numerous similar relief arrangements and ornaments in the sacral art of the Adriatic cultural circle during the early medieval period.

Environmental and economic vision of plasma treatment of waste in Makkah

Science.gov (United States)

Galaly, Ahmed Rida; van Oost, Guido

2017-10-01

An environmental and economic assessment of the development of a plasma-chemical reactor equipped with plasma torches for the environmentally friendly treatment of waste streams by plasma is outlined with a view to the chemical and energetic valorization of the sustainability in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This is especially applicable in the pilgrimage season in the city of Makkah, which is a major challenge since the amount of waste was estimated at about 750 thousand tons through Arabic Year 1435H (2015), and is growing at a rate of 3%-5% annually. According to statistics, the value of waste in Saudi Arabia ranges between 8 and 9 billion EUR. The Plasma-Treatment Project (PTP) encompasses the direct plasma treatment of all types of waste (from source and landfill), as well as an environmental vision and economic evaluation of the use of the gas produced for fuel and electricity production in KSA, especially in the pilgrimage season in the holy city Makkah. The electrical power required for the plasma-treatment process is estimated at 5000 kW (2000 kW used for the operation of the system and 3000 kW sold), taking into account the fact that: (1) the processing capacity of solid waste is 100 tons per day (2) and the sale of electricity amounts to 23.8 MW at 0.18 EUR per kWh. (3) The profit from the sale of electricity per year is estimated at 3.27 million EUR and the estimated profit of solid-waste treatment amounts to 6 million EUR per year and (4) the gross profit per ton of solid waste totals 8 million EUR per year. The present article introduces the first stage of the PTP, in Makkah in the pilgrimage season, which consists of five stages: (1) study and treatment of waste streams, (2) slaughterhouse waste treatment, (3) treatment of refuse-derived fuel, (4) treatment of car tires and (5) treatment of slag (the fifth stage associated with each stage from the four previous stages).

Santuários, romarias e discipulado cristão

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Edênio Valle

2009-05-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata basicamente da romaria e dos santuários populares católicos. Nascido de uma palestra feita a reitores de santuários católicos da América Latina, o artigo enfoca também o discipulado cristão como essencial no acolhimento aos romeiros. Sua perspectiva, porém, é a das ciências da religião e não a da teologia. A abordagem leva em conta as teorias sociológicas e psicoantropológicas hoje usadas na leitura do fenômeno das romarias nas religiões em geral e no cristianismo em especial. Após um rápido olhar sobre o sentido do discipulado na teologia e na Bíblia, o autor enfoca mais especificamente a abordagem psicoantropológica hoje em uso na sociologia dos santuários e das romarias. Finalizando, tece algumas considerações sobre a pastoral dos santuários e a necessidade de inserir o acolhimento religioso dos romeiros num contexto marcado pelo chamado turismo religioso.Palavras-chave: Santuários católicos; Pastoral das romarias; Discipulado; Psicologia da religião; Turismo religioso.ABSTRACT This article focuses on a discussion about Christian discipleship in the pastoral context of popular sanctuaries of the Catholic Church in Latin America. It is a reflection presented during the Latin American Congress of Catholic Sanctuaries in Aparecida, Brazil, in 2005. It considers different questions involved in the discussion, from the viewpoint of modern psycho-anthropology of pilgrimages and sanctuaries. After a short biblical-theological explanation of the meaning of Christian discipleship in theology and in the Bible, the article attempts to show what modern Brazilian and English-speaking experts in Anthropology and Pastoral Theology think about pilgrimages both in Christian and in non-Christian religions. Finally, it discusses the sanctuaries’ pastoral and the need to insert a religious welcome to pilgrims in the context of religious tourism.Key words: Catholic sanctuaries; Pastoral of pilgrimages; Discipleship

Epilepsy during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment.

Science.gov (United States)

Diamantis, Aristidis; Sidiropoulou, Kalliopi; Magiorkinis, Emmanouil

2010-05-01

The purpose of this study was to pinpoint the views on epilepsy as a disease and symptom during medieval times and the Renaissance. A thorough study of texts, medical books and reports along with a review of the available literature in PubMed was undertaken. With the exception of some early Byzantine doctors in the East and some of the representatives of Arab medicine, scientific views and observations on epilepsy in the West were overrun by the domination of the Catholic Church. This led to the formulation of superstitious views of the disease; epileptics were considered possessed and, therefore, only religious methods could possibly cure it. Near the end of the fourteenth century, physicians were emancipated from Catholic intervention. The Renaissance is marked by a plethora of new treatises on epilepsy regarding the mechanisms of epileptic convulsions, the connection with various clinical conditions such as tumors and venereal diseases and the collection of interesting cases.

Διπλωματία καὶ διπλωματική. Τὸ παράδειγμα τῆς Jussio

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Τηλέμαχος Κ. ΛΟΥΓΓΗΣ

1979-09-01

Full Text Available   T. C. Lounghis Diplomatie et Diplomatique; l'exemple de la Jussio Le problème des relations entre Byzance et l'Occident relève de l'extension de la notion des états étrangers au détriment de l'empire oecuménique. Au fur et à mesure que recule la souveraineté byzantine en Occident, la diplomatie devient forcément plus active, ayant à résoudre des problèmes toujours plus compliqués. Ce sont les documents diplomatiques de la haute époque, mentionnés dans les sources littéraires et juridiques qui peuvent constituer des indices des intentions de la diplomatie impériale envers l'Occident. Ainsi la jussio, tout en étant au début un document d'usage intérieur adressé à de hauts fonctionnaires impériaux, devient un document adressé à des potentats étrangers, avant de disparaître vers la fin du VIIIe siècle. La jussio est succédée dans l'usage intérieur de l'empire par les documents σάκρα, ὁρισμός, πρόσταξις. De même, le document keleusis, qu'il ne faut pas confondre avec la jussio, est un document adressé à des groupes sociaux à l'intérieur de l'empire, avant de devenir aussi un document de politique étrangère destiné toujours à des collectivités ethniques. Le grand tournant dans l'histoire de la diplomatie byzantine a lieu au VIIIe siècle, lorsque l'Eglise de Rome fait sécession de l'empire byzantin, lorsque l'Occident entier acquiert son indépendance politique et lorsque les documents jussio et keleusis se confondent pour un instant quant à leurs destinataires et contenu. L'histoire de la diplomatie byzantine envers l'Occident n'est qu'une réadaptation constante par des procédés de ce genre aux réalités nouvelles qui surgissaient à chaque instant. C'est pour cela que la distinction entre les documents diplomatiques n'est pas toujours facile.

Brachytherapy in early prostate cancer--early experience.

Science.gov (United States)

Jose, B O; Bailen, J L; Albrink, F H; Steinbock, G S; Cornett, M S; Benson, D C; Schmied, W K; Medley, R N; Spanos, W J; Paris, K J; Koerner, P D; Gatenby, R A; Wilson, D L; Meyer, R

1999-01-01

Use of brachytherapy with radioactive seeds in the management of early prostate cancer is commonly used in the United States. The early experience has been reported from the prostate treatment centers in Seattle for the last 10 years. In this manuscript we are reporting our early experience of 150 radioactive seed implantations in early stage prostate cancer using either Iodine 125 or Palladium 103 seeds. The average age of the patient is 66 years and the median Gleason score is 5.4 with a median PSA of 6. A brief description of the evolution of the treatment of prostate cancer as well as the preparation for the seed implantation using the volume study with ultrasound of the prostate, pubic arch study using CT scan of the pelvis and the complete planning using the treatment planning computers are discussed. We also have described the current technique which is used in our experience based on the Seattle guidelines. We plan a follow-up report with the results of the studies with longer follow-up.

Colourful sparkles of imaginary vistas: Saintly beauty in the eyes of the beholder

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Dimitrova Elizabeta

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the issue of physical appearance of the saintly images in Byzantine painting and the manners of its conception. In that regard, the paper offers categorization of the portraiture in which different saints receive distinctive aesthetic code appropriate to their type of “attractiveness”.

“The primary colour of delight”

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østermark-Johansen, Lene

2016-01-01

threads of Venetian painting relate in a complex manner to J.A.M. Whistler’s controversial Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket and to the influence of Byzantine art on Venetian painting. Gold figures as mass, as line, as surface covering, as composite sculptural material, as an intriguing...

Οἱ ὅροι «Ἀλβανοὶ» καὶ «Ἀρβανῖται» καὶ ἡ πρώτη μνεία τοῦ ὁμωνύμου λαοῦ τῆς Βαλκανικῆς εἰς τὰς πηγὰς τοῦ ΙΑ᾽αἰῶνος

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Έρα Λ. ΒΡΑΝΟΥΣΗ

1970-09-01

Full Text Available   Era L. VranoussiLes  termes Ἀλβανοί  et  Ἀρβανῖται  et la première mention des Albanais dans les sources du XIe siècle  Il est généralement admis que la première mention des Albanais de la Péninsule balkanique remonte à l'Histoire d'Attaliatès, et notamment à deux passages de cet auteur ayant trait à des événements des années 40 du XIe siècle. La reprise du problème a mené l'auteur à des conclusions différentes. L'auteur expose (p. 208-209 et commente trois passages d'Attaliatès (p. 9.8-15, 18.17-23 et 297.20-22 : les deux premiers se rapportant à la révolte de Georges Maniakès en Italie du Sud (années 1040 à 1043; le troisième passage relatant la révolte du duc de Durrazzo Nicéphore Basilakès (en 1078/79. Dans les deux premiers Attaliatès emploie le terme Ἀλβανοί; dans le troisième le terme Ἀρβανῖται. Cette distinction d'Attaliatès, passée jusqu'à présent inaperçue, n'a pas donné lieu à des commentaires.Suit (p. 210-228 une analyse détaillée du premier passage où sont mentionnés des Ἀλβανοὶ et des Λατῖνοι, deux groupes de peuples de l'Italie du Sud qui: 1 étaient établis dans les pays situés au sud de Rome, entre Rome et les territoires byzantins (ἰταλικά μέρη; 2 étaient des alliés des Byzantins (et non des combattants dans les rangs mêmes de l'armée byzantine - thèse soutenue par Ducellier ; 3 ils jouissaient de privilèges d'ἰσοπολιτεία; 4 ils étaient de même religion que les Byzantins (c. à d. des chrétiens, par opposition aux Sarrasins, et non des orthodoxes-comme l'a suggéré Ducellier par un anachronisme historique; 5 ils obéissaient à leur propre archonte, qui, certes, n'était pas seulement un chef militaire ; 6 ils sont devenus des ennemis acharnés de Byzance. - Les chercheurs qui ont commenté ce passage ont passé sous silence cette phrase d'Attaliatès, à l'exception du professeur Stadtm

Early literacy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Anders Skriver

2012-01-01

This paper discusses findings from the Danish contribution to the EASE project, a European research project running from 2008 to 2010 on early literacy in relation to the transition from childcare to school. It explores a holistic, inclusive approach to early literacy that resists a narrow...... and schools. The paper also draws on Gee’s (2001, 2003, 2004, 2008) sociocultural approach to literacy, and Honneth’s (2003, 2006) concept of recognition. Emphasizing participation and recognition as key elements, it claims that stakeholders in early liter- acy must pay attention to how diverse early literacy...... opportunities empower children, especially when these opportunities are employed in a project-based learning environ- ment in which each child is able to contribute to the shared literacy events....

Middle Eastern Geographies of World War I

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-21

and ill-equipped forces. Within this atmosphere of persecution and economic depression caused by the war’s stoppage of religious pilgrimages...St. J.B. Armitage, "T.E. Lawrence: a centennial lecture," Asian Affairs 20, no. 1 (1989): 14. This Turkish offensive severely threatened the...British invade Syria. The Arabs working from Akaba became virtually the 163 St. J.B. Armitage, “Lawrence: a centennial lecture,” 18. 164 Wavell

Cult places in cultural landscapes of Buryatia and Tuva

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Marina V. Mongush

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Article narrates the cult places as integral components of cultural landscapes. It reviews the territories of the Republic of Buryatia and the Republic of Tuva with their various landscapes bearing the heritage of traditional cultures. The special attention is paid to the cult places and attributes having spiritual and religious value for local communities. Potential of their employment as objects for religious and pilgrimage tourism.

Religious Activities and their Tourism Potential in Sukur Kingdom, Nigeria

OpenAIRE

Emeka Okonkwo

2015-01-01

Religious tourism is a form of tourism whereby people of the same faith travel individually or in groups for religious purposes. This form of tourism comprises many facets of the travel industry ranging from pilgrimages, missionary travel, leisure (fellowship), vacations, faith-based cruising, crusades, conventions and rallies, retreats, monastery visits and guest-stays, Christian and faith-based camps, to religious tourist attractions. In Sukur Kingdom, most tourists embark on religious trav...

Radical Islam in East Africa

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

Initiative EIJ Egyptian Islamic Jihad EIJM Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement EPLF Eritrean People’s Liberation Front FPENS Formal Private Education Network in...ceremonies, the siyaaro or pilgrimages to the tombs of saints (practiced in particular by Sufis), and the celebration of Mawliid (the Prophet... tombs become pil- grimage centers.17 An important Sufi-linked organization is Ahlu Sunna wal-Jama’a (ASWJ), which seeks to unify the Sufi community

CTC Sentinel. Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2009

Science.gov (United States)

2009-05-01

in Gaza and criticism of Arab leaders, including Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, Hizb Allah leader Hassan Nasrallah, and Saudi Interior Minister...alleged al-Qa`ida media coordinator formerly affiliated with Egyptian Jama`a al-Islamiyya. Saudi documents charge him with holding a senior...community in February and March 2009, after a handful of Shi`a were manhandled by religious police during a pilgrimage to the tombs of their imams at the

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-22

Ahmadinejad. In that case he opposed Ahmadinejad’s incorporation of the position of coordinator of the Hajj (major pilgrimage to Mecca) into the Tourism ...say prosecutors are seeking a death sentence. Canadian journalist (of Iranian origin) Zahra Kazemi was detained in 2003 for filming outside Tehran’s...uses of nuclear energy, but they have sought, without success to date, to induce Iran to verifiably demonstrate that its nuclear program is for

Supernatural belief is not modulated by intuitive thinking style or cognitive inhibition

OpenAIRE

Farias, Miguel; van Mulukom, Valerie; Kahane, Guy; Kreplin, Ute; Joyce, Anna; Soares, Pedro; Oviedo, Lluis; Hernu, Mathilde; Rokita, Karolina; Savulescu, Julian; Möttönen, Riikka

2017-01-01

According to the Intuitive Belief Hypothesis, supernatural belief relies heavily on intuitive thinking—and decreases when analytic thinking is engaged. After pointing out various limitations in prior attempts to support this Intuitive Belief Hypothesis, we tested it across three new studies using a variety of paradigms, ranging from a pilgrimage field study to a neurostimulation experiment. In all three studies, we found no relationship between intuitive or analytical thinking and supernatura...

Traktát o zemi svaté (1498). Staročeská adaptace cestopisu norimberského měšťana Hanse Tuchera

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Svátek, Jaroslav

2017-01-01

Roč. 140, č. 1/2 (2017), s. 91-141 ISSN 0024-4457 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 263672 - OVERMODE Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : pilgrimage * travelogues * Holy Land * incunables * Hans Tucher * Mikuláš Bakalář * 15th century * translation * Old Czech Subject RIV: AB - History OBOR OECD: History (history of science and technology to be 6.3, history of specific sciences to be under the respective headings)

Entering of Stefan Dušan into the Empire

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Pirivatrić Srđan

2007-01-01

Full Text Available At the moment when, in October 1341, a new Civil War broke out in the Byzantium after the death of Andronicus III, the traditional views of the imperial power and the Empire underwent considerable changes. The powers of the co-rulers had been on the rise since 1272, and during the Civil War of 1321-1328 the Byzantine Empire was in effect divided, that is, two Basileis were ruling 'imperially' (autokratorikōs over their respective territories within the formally unified Empire, under the scope of relations of Superior basileus - co-basileus. Therefore, the Empire (autokratoria, imperium could multiply in the sense of rulers’ authorities, and be divided in the sense of territoriality. The imperial power and the Empire became subject to family relations and family law. In view of the family connections between the Byzantine Emperors (basileis autokratores and the monarchs of the neighboring countries and nations, the right to succession was being used as an argument in some disputes between the rulers. The Byzantine law, that is the Byzantine political views, allowed for the possibility of the so-called 'joint rule' (e oikeia arch by a Byzantine basileus autokrator and some other, foreign member of the dynasty ruling over certain region of the Byzantine Empire - a foreign ruler would be allowed to rule on condition that the Byzantine basileus be recognized as the supreme master. This scenario is known from one recorded dispute between the Byzantine basileus Andronicus III and the Bulgarian tsar Michael Assen III dating from 1328, when the Bulgarian Emperor did not accept the Byzantine rule, however. All these circumstances are of special importance since they directly precede the King Stefan Dušan’s involvement in the Civil War, that is, his later entering into the Empire. The first phase of Dušan’s involvement in the Civil War is typically conquering and opportunistic in nature, with the aim of immediate territorial enlargement. The

The `Unknown Heritage´

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høyrup, Jens

's late 13th-c. Calculus according to the Indians, Called the Great. After that the simple problem type turns up regularly in Provençal, Italian and Byzantine sources. It seems never to appear in Arabic or Indian writings, although two Arabic texts (one from c. 1190) contain more regular problems where...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

discourse drew attention to the strategies of the dominant voices in a text that sought to establish ... grain in terms of gender and politics and an evaluation of how they function .... Byzantine authors preferred to stress their continuity with the Roman Empire. .... Authors like Hippolytus used this world chronology in a deliberate.

Early intervention as a catalyst for effective early childhood ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... of positive attitudes towards children with disabilities in a country like Ghana. ... As Ghana strides towards mainstreaming early childhood education in the quest ... an integrated, inclusive and effective early intervention programme becomes ...

On the chanting space and hymns that were sung in it. Searching for chanting-architectural connections in the middle ages

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Peno Vesna

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The search for the unexplained interactions of domestic medieval liturgical music and sacred architecture of the Moravian style has not been the subject of interdisciplinary study so far. A reflection on the potential relationg between church chanting and architecture is absent from the largest part of the existing literature on the development of medieval sacral art. The scarcity of written historical sources, and especially musical ones, made it particularly difficult to define the connection between the chanting circumstances and the changes in the architectural form of the late Byzantine period, which is almost a standardized Moravian architectural form. The earliest preserved bilingual - Greek-Slavic neumatic manuscripts, mentioning both the names of the first famous Serbian medieval composers, and the more or less well known late Byzantine musicians who had actively participated in the earliest religious services of the Serbian Church, confirm that the culmination of the chanting art in Serbia occured precisely at the turn of the 15th century and then until the fall of Serbia under Turkish rule. Comparing the available data, with a general insight into the migration flows that led to the Byzantinization of Serbian culture in that period, showed that after the reconciliation of the Serbian Patriarchate and the Patriarchate of Constantinople, in 1374, the world-class building tradition was adopted, which until then was sporadically seen on the Serbian soil. The architectural form of the Moravian style would become recognizable by the singing apses in the axis of the transept, in the middle of the already adopted form of the inscribed cross from the early 14th century. Within the framework of the overall church, political and cultural transformation that was visible in Serbian society, the chanting practice of the Serbian Church, or more precisely the greater affirmation of the liturgical art and the increase in the number of the chanters

Early discontinuation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Dorte Gilså; Felde, Lina; Gichangi, Anthony

2007-01-01

prevalence and rate of early discontinuation of different drugs consisting of, in this study, lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensive drugs, antidepressants, antidiabetics and drugs against osteoporosis. Material and methods This was a register study based on prescription data covering a 4-year period...... and consisting of 470,000 citizens. For each practice and group of drug, a 1-year prevalence for 2002 and the rate of early discontinuation among new users in 2002-2003 were estimated. Early discontinuation was defined as no prescriptions during the second half-year following the first prescription....... There was a positive association between the prevalence of prescribing for the specific drugs studied (antidepressants, antidiabetics, drugs against osteoporosis and lipid-lowering drugs) and early discontinuation (r = 0.29 -0.44), but not for anti-hypertensive drugs. The analysis of the association between prevalence...

“Journeys are Meaningful” (Travelling, Travellers, Literary Periods, Literary Journeys

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Fried István

2015-12-01

Full Text Available If the changes of the “discourse networks” (Aufschreibesysteme from 1800 to 1900 model the relations pertaining to the personality, to the cultural determinedness of technology and personality as well as to their interconnections (Kittler 1995, especially having in view the literary mise en scène, it applies all the more to travelling - setting out on a journey, heading towards a destination, pilgrimage and/or wandering as well as the relationship between transport technology and personality. The changes taking place in “transport” are partly of technological, partly (in close connection with the former indicative of individual and collective claims. The diplomatic, religious, commercial and educational journeys essentially belong to the continuous processes of European centuries; however, the appearance of the railway starts a new era at least to the same extent as the car and the airplane in the twentieth century. The journeys becoming systematic and perhaps most tightly connected to pilgrimages from the Middle Ages on assured the “transfer” of ideas, attitudes and cultural materials in the widest sense; the journeys and personal encounters (of course, taking place, in part, through correspondence of the more cultured layers mainly, are to be highly appreciated from the viewpoint of the history of mentalities and society.

Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs.

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez-García, M J; Moreno, J M; Moreno-Clavel, J; Vergara, N; García-Sánchez, A; Guillamón, A; Portí, M; Moreno-Grau, S

2005-09-15

The concentration of the metals lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and iron was determined in bone remains belonging to 30 individuals buried in the Region of Cartagena dating from different historical periods and in eight persons who had died in recent times. The metals content with respect to lead, cadmium and copper was determined either by anodic stripping voltammetry or by atomic absorption spectroscopy on the basis of the concentrations present in the bone remains. In all cases, zinc and iron were quantified by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy. The lead concentrations found in the bone remains in our city are greater than those reported in the literature for other locations. This led to the consideration of the sources of these metals in our area, both the contribution from atmospheric aerosols as well as that from the soil in the area. Correlation analysis leads us to consider the presence of the studied metals in the analysed bone samples to be the consequence of analogous inputs, namely the inhalation of atmospheric aerosols and diverse contributions in the diet. The lowest values found in the studied bone remains correspond to the Neolithic period, with similar contents to present-day samples with respect to lead, copper, cadmium and iron. As regards the evolution over time of the concentrations of the metals under study, a clear increase in these is observed between the Neolithic period and the grouping made up of the Bronze Age, Roman domination and the Byzantine period. The trend lines used to classify the samples into 7 periods show that the maximum values of lead correspond to the Roman and Byzantine periods. For copper, this peak is found in the Byzantine Period and for iron, in the Islamic Period. Zinc shows an increasing tendency over the periods under study and cadmium is the only metal whose trend lines shows a decreasing slope.

Forms of corruption in the middle ages

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Deretić Nataša

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The paper continues the story of corruption as a socially harmful phenomenon that affected all societies, from ancient times, through mediaeval times, to modern age. Although the concept of corruption changed in the course of history, the essence has remained the same: it encompasses the abuse of power, corruption, bribery, and offering gratuities in exchange for favors. We shall here focus on the manifestations of corruption in the Middle Ages, the period which coincided with the feudal socio-economic formation, both in its western European variety and in the Byzantine type of feudal society. In the twelfth century, the Byzantine emperors introduced the practice of granting property in land or some other source of income - pronoia - to prominent individuals as a reward for their merits. In contrast, what could be observed from the very beginning in barbarian countries, which were established in the territory of the former Western Roman Empire, were the classic vassal relations, where a fief presented the foundation of the medieval social order; it was land property which the feudal lord (suzerain granted to his vassals (military commanders and units to enjoy, manage, but not control independently. By giving land property - a pronoia or fief to a pronoiario or vassal, the feudal lord (suzerain, in a way, 'bought' their personal loyalty. Particularly conductive to corruption was the hierarchically arranged and ramified bureaucratic apparatus of the mediaeval state. Although the Byzantine highest-ranking bureaucracy was paid for their work, their arbitrariness, bribery, coarseness, and incompetence resulted in strengthening corruption. On the other hand, the greatest influence on the kings in the barbaric mediaeval states was exerted by their commanders (dukes and entourage, who often selfishly abused the benefits bestowed upon them by the kings. Polybius' statement that 'the government has made people prone to bribery and greedy' proved to be

Isotopic Geochemistry Applied on Mortars of the Katholikon of the Monastery of Timios Prodromos in the Prefecture of Serres, Greece

Science.gov (United States)

Dotsika, Elissavet; Iliadis, Efstathios; Kyropoulou, Daphne; Karalis, Petros

2017-12-01

The Monastery of Timios Prodromos is the most important Byzantine monument in the prefecture of Serres and one of the most important monastic foundations of Byzantine times in Northern Greece. It was founded in the late 13th century from Ioannikios and then renovated by his nephew, Joachim. The catholic dates back to the 14th century, and specifically between 1300-1333, under the rule of the second founder Joachim. Considering the pathology of Byzantine mural, for the most effective work on removal of over-paintings layer, fixing, restoration, recovery and maintenance of the painted surface and the substrate, it was decided the sampling from exact points of the mural painting representing the different phases, in order to determine their composition, the technology of construction materials, corrosion mechanisms and the proposal for restoration methodology. The methods to be used require very small quantities of material. The measurements are considered almost non-destructive and based on isotopic geochemistry. The techniques used are X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM / EDXA) and isotopic analyzes (d18O and d13C) in a mass spectrometer (IRMS). The study of the samples was carried out by scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalyser and analysis of stable isotopes. The study shows that apart from the calcite present in all pigment samples, straw was used as a binder. There is also a mixing of dyes to produce the desired tint while in many cases there are different colour layers. The decay in the mural is extensive, especially in the lower layers of the wall, which have been severely affected by humidity and candle smoke. The creation of gypsum on the surface of the murals is intense and evident in most of the spectra taken

Das ritual der unterwerfung Stefan Nemanjas unter Maunel I. Komnenos (1172

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Vučetić Martin Marko

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This article investigates the ceremonial of the subjection of the Serbian župan Stefan Nemanja to the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos (1172 and compares it with similar events of the period in question. It argues for a strong influence of western forms of conflict resolution (“deditio” in the ceremonial.

Cyrilometodějské a byzantské reminiscence na jednání Prvního přípravného Slovanského sjezdu,

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havlíková, Lubomíra

2010-01-01

Roč. 3, - (2010), s. 55-61 ISSN 1337-8740 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) MEB0810026 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90920516 Keywords : Cyrilo-Methodian tradition * Byzantinism * Preparatory Slav Congress 1908 Subject RIV: AB - History http://www.ukm.ff.ukf.sk/wp-content/uploads/files/listy2010-3.pdf

Implications Of Commercial Activity Within Monastic Settlements As A Way To Maintain The Sustainable Development Of Religious Tourism In Romania

OpenAIRE

Gabriela Cecilia Stănciulescu; Alexandra-Maria Ţîrca

2010-01-01

For hundreds years, people have been travelling to places deemed as sacred to meet or to worship Divinity. However, these travels with religious motivation or pilgrimages, which might be considered as the first form of tourism (Rinschede, 1992), were carried out without the possibility to measure the economic, social and environmental impact. Religion-motivated tourism is extremely important in many parts of the world (Timothy and Olsen, 2006). In Romania, religious ceremonies to celebrate Sa...

The New Middle East Security Threat: The Case of Yemen and the GCC

Science.gov (United States)

2007-06-01

time blasphemous: such practices as praying to the dead, making pilgrimages to mosques and tombs , using votives and making sacrifices to any one other...Sauds attacked Karbala and destroyed the Shi’ite shrine of the tomb of Caliph al-Husayn. In 1803, the Al Sauds captured Mecca and Medina. The...Oufi’s statement, an Egyptian expatriate, Omar Ahmad Abdullah Ali, set off a suicide bomb in the Doha Players Theatre. One Briton was killed and

Gender-based Restrictions in Tourism: An Example of the Phenomenon of Avaton in the Modern Socio-cultural Expanse

OpenAIRE

Kapilevich, L.V.; Karvounis, Y.A.

2015-01-01

The article deals with the problems of the impact of tourism, including pilgrimage, on the socio-cultural environment of modern society, changes and reformatting of the gender restrictions of religious content. Investigated the access restrictions based on gender to objects of tourist interest as an example of socio-religious phenomenon “avaton” monastic republic of Athos in Northern Greece. Avaton regarded as a characteristic example of the alignment and sustained physical boundaries of the ...

The Culture of Nationalism

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-01

transformation into tools of the extremist nationalist state applies, at least in its broad strokes, to such other art forms as music , theater, or opera. A...monuments were an effective part of the liturgy of public festivals which the Nazis adopted and extended. This development played a key role in the...an area that provided space for festivals and celebrations. A sort of pilgrimage to these sites of national significance was carried out to worship

Sacred Symbols in Dimitrie Gavrilean’s Paintings

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Emilian Adrian Gavrilean

2016-05-01

Full Text Available This year, on the 12th of July, there are four years since the passing away of the painter Dimitrie Gavrilean who, ,”through the unique impresion of his originality, early became an emblem of the school of painting of Iasi.” Born in Voroneţ, in 1942, Dimitrie Gavrilean attended ”Nicolae Grigorescu” Academy of Arts of Bucharest, being an eminent disciple of the master Corneliu Baba. The work in the creation workshop was combined with the vocation of teacher at the Faculty of Visual Arts and Design within ”G. Enescu” University of Arts of Iaşi, being a rector of this institution in the period 2000-2004. In the contemporary plastic landscape, the artistic work of the painter Dimitrie Gavrilean (1942-2012 from Iaşi occupies a special place. It mirrors the utmost of the autochthonous rural imaginary, the Romanian fundamental myths, the ancestral myths as well as the recently Christianized ones. His vision is specific to the Romanian Christianity and the Byzantine iconography. The language of Gavrilean’s paintings is one of symbols, by excellence. As Emil Staco rightfully observed, the entire work of art of master Gavrilean is ”a work of art of the symbols, of the metaphors rooted in the spirituality of the Romanian village of Bukovina, in the frescoes of Voroneţ and Humor Monasteries.” On the one hand, the painter did not content himself with illustrating only the ancestral mythical world by means of symbols with universal valences, but he got actively involved in the Christian valorization of mythical symbols. On the other hand, by integrating sacred symbols (the dove, the cock, winged characters, the wise old man, the architecture-church, the sun, Voroneţ blue of the Christian iconography of Byzantine tradition in paintings not necessarily religious, Dimitrie Gavrilean pushed his work of art to the border between sacred and profane, proving an extraordinary capacity of spiritualizing matter as well as of materializing the

Rapid landscape change in 6th century northern Jordan: interdisciplinary geoarchaeological perspectives

Science.gov (United States)

Lucke, Bernhard

2016-04-01

Landscapes of the ancient fertile crescent are considered affected by soil degradation as result of long-term farming since the Neolithic, and impressive ruins of antiquity led to assumptions that their abandonment must have been conntected with reduced agricultural productivity. In this context, a valley fill near the site of Abila of the Decapolis in northern Jordan was apparently deposited largely during the 6th century AD, and provides evidence for a rapid and intense landscape change during the Late Byzantine period. However, an interdisciplinary case study of land use, soil development, and sediments found that the valley fill cannot be connected with large-scale soil erosion in the vicinity of the site. On the one hand, this is indicated by the distribution of soil development and archaeological material as marker of past land use activity in the past, which suggests that the best soils were and still are used intensively. On the other hand, the sediments seem to point to the occurrence of climatic extremes such as heavy floods, the occurrence of soil creep after water saturation, but also a significant shift to aridity which may have triggered socio-economic changes of subsistence strategies from agriculture to pastoralism. The dates of sediments which are available so far indicate that the climatic change seemingly occurred rapidly within approximately 100 years during the late 6th and early 7th century AD, possibly connected with the "year without sun" or 'Mystery Veil' which the Byzantine historian Procopius described in the year 536 AD. Modern analogies of the Pinatubo eruption in 1991 let it seem possible that a volcanic event, perhaps the outbreak of the Ilopango volcano, was connected with these environmental turbulences. Such events cannot be understood by isolated studies: without a broad interdisciplinary framework, single archives are prone to misinterpretation, and our understanding of the environmental history of Abila is still very limited.

Recent Coverage of Early Childhood Education Approaches in Open Access Early Childhood Journals

Science.gov (United States)

Keskin, Burhanettin

2016-01-01

A content analysis of the coverage of the major approaches to early childhood education in the early childhood research journals, published between 2010 and 2014, that are early childhood research oriented and have free online access were investigated. Among 21 journals in early childhood education, two journals were selected for the content…

Early Educational Intervention, Early Cumulative Risk, and the Early Home Environment as Predictors of Young Adult Outcomes within a High-Risk Sample

Science.gov (United States)

Pungello, Elizabeth P.; Kainz, Kirsten; Burchinal, Margaret; Wasik, Barbara H.; Sparling, Joseph J.; Ramey, Craig T.; Campbell, Frances A.

2010-01-01

The extent to which early educational intervention, early cumulative risk, and the early home environment were associated with young adult outcomes was investigated in a sample of 139 young adults (age 21) from high-risk families enrolled in randomized trials of early intervention. Positive effects of treatment were found for education attainment,…

El Greco's Italian paintings (1560-76) based on Bible texts | Maré ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The purpose of this article is to interpret a selection of El Greco's Italian paintings (1560-1576) based on Bible texts in which ideas current during the Catholic Counter-Reformation are symbolised. At the age of nineteen El Greco, who was born in Crete in 1541 and was initially an icon painter in the Byzantine tradition, went ...

Resorting to Rare Sources of Antiquity: Nikephoros Basilakes and the Popularity of Plutarch’s Parallel Lives in Twelfth-Century Byzantium

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Sophia Xenophontos

2014-02-01

Full Text Available This article examines the Byzantine adaptation of the anecdote of the Lydian king Pythes within Nikephoros Basilakes’ Progymnasma 11 in relation to its earliest surviving source, Plutarch’s Mulierum virtutes 262D–263A. By looking at the ascription accompanying Basilakes’ progymnasma, it additionally argues for the popularity of Plutarch’s Parallel Lives in Komnenian Byzantium.

Early Transcendental Analysis

OpenAIRE

Cowell, Simon; Poulin, Philippe

2015-01-01

In Early Transcendentals (The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 104, No 7) Steven Weintraub presents a rigorous justifcation of the "early transcendental" calculus textbook approach to the exponential and logarithmic functions. However, he uses tools such as term-by-term differentiation of infinite series. We present a rigorous treatment of the early transcendental approach suitable for a first course in analysis, using mainly the supremum property of the real numbers.

Early or Premature Menopause

Science.gov (United States)

... email updates Enter email Submit Early or premature menopause Menopause that happens before age 40 is called ... What is the difference between early and premature menopause? Early or premature menopause happens when ovaries stop ...

Early menarche, nulliparity and the risk for premature and early natural menopause.

Science.gov (United States)

Mishra, Gita D; Pandeya, Nirmala; Dobson, Annette J; Chung, Hsin-Fang; Anderson, Debra; Kuh, Diana; Sandin, Sven; Giles, Graham G; Bruinsma, Fiona; Hayashi, Kunihiko; Lee, Jung Su; Mizunuma, Hideki; Cade, Janet E; Burley, Victoria; Greenwood, Darren C; Goodman, Alissa; Simonsen, Mette Kildevæld; Adami, Hans-Olov; Demakakos, Panayotes; Weiderpass, Elisabete

2017-03-01

Are parity and the timing of menarche associated with premature and early natural menopause? Early menarche (≤11 years) is a risk factor for both premature menopause (final menstrual period, FMP menopause (FMP 40-44 years), a risk that is amplified for nulliparous women. Women with either premature or early menopause face an increased risk of chronic conditions in later life and of early death. Findings from some studies suggest that early menarche and nulliparity are associated with early menopause, however overall the evidence is mixed. Much of the evidence for a direct relationship is hampered by a lack of comparability across studies, failure to adjust for confounding factors and inadequate statistical power. This pooled study comprises 51 450 postmenopausal women from nine observational studies in the UK, Scandinavia, Australia and Japan that contribute to the International collaboration for a Life course Approach to reproductive health and Chronic disease Events (InterLACE). Age at menarche (categorized as ≤11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 or more years) and parity (categorized as no children, one child and two or more children) were exposures of interest. Age at FMP was confirmed by at least 12 months of cessation of menses where this was not the result of an intervention (such as surgical menopause due to bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy) and categorized as premature menopause (FMP before age 40), early menopause (FMP 40-44 years), 45-49 years, 50-51 years, 52-53 years and 54 or more years. We used multivariate multinomial logistic regression models to estimate relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95% CI for associations between menarche, parity and age at FMP adjusting for within-study correlation. The median age at FMP was 50 years (interquartile range 48-53 years), with 2% of the women experiencing premature menopause and 7.6% early menopause. Women with early menarche (≤11 years, compared with 12-13 years) were at higher risk of premature menopause (RRR 1

Secure Network Coding against Wiretapping and Byzantine Attacks

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Qin Guo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available In wireless networks, an attacker can tune a receiver and tap the communication between two nodes. Whether or not some meaningful information is obtained by tapping a wireless connection depends on the transmission scheme. In this paper, we design some secure network coding by combining information-theoretic approaches with cryptographic approaches. It ensures that the wiretapper cannot get any meaningful information no matter how many channels are wiretapped. In addition, if each source packet is augmented with a hash symbol which is computed from a simple nonlinear polynomial function of the data symbols, then the probability of detecting the modification is very high.

Overview of Play: Its Uses and Importance in Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education

Science.gov (United States)

Lifter, Karin; Foster-Sanda, Suzanne; Arzamarski, Caley; Briesch, Jacquelyn; McClure, Ellen

2011-01-01

Play is a natural activity of early childhood, which has great relevance to the fields of early intervention, early childhood special education, and early childhood education. Within these fields, ongoing tensions persist in how play is described and used. These tensions compromise activities of assessment, intervention, and curriculum development…

Grit or Grace: Packing for the Camino de Santiago

OpenAIRE

Havard, Megan

2017-01-01

As the director of a new collegiate study-abroad program that will invite students to complete a segment of a Christian pilgrimage across northern Spain, the Camino de Santiago (Way of St. James), I am tasked with setting the expectations of students, parents and administrators, and with addressing the needs of student travellers. The present chapter analyses several genres of cultural artefacts that novice pilgrims, such as my students, are likely to encounter prior to departure: travel guid...

Moche: Archaeology, Ethnicity, Identity

OpenAIRE

Quilter, Jeffrey

2014-01-01

The two different modes of investigation in Art History and Anthropological Archaeology are discussed. This is followed by a consideration of these issues in relation to the Mochica archaeological culture. The “Mochica” have come to be considered a political or ethnic group and, in particular, considered as a prehistoric state. This essay questions these ideas and suggests that Moche is best considered as primarily a religious system. The ceremonial centers were likely places of pilgrimage wi...

East Europe Report, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, No. 2199.

Science.gov (United States)

1983-09-15

countries. Had the libel been true, these monarchs obviously would not have tolerated the Jesuits in their countries. In 1814, Pope Pius VII re- stored the...with Pope John Paul II during his first pilgrimage to Poland requires a separate discussion. The growth in this form of manifestation of Catholicism...at the other side of the argument. It is true that in 1773 Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Jesuit Order, but he did so under pressure from the

Early Maternal Time Investment and Early Child Outcomes

OpenAIRE

Del Bono, Emilia; Francesconi, Marco; Kelly, Yvonne; Sacker, Amanda

2014-01-01

Using large longitudinal survey data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, this paper estimates the relationship between maternal time inputs and early child development. We find that maternal time is a quantitatively important determinant of skill formation and that its effect declines with child age. There is evidence of long-term effects of early maternal time inputs on later outcomes, especially in the case of cognitive skill development. In the case of non-cognitive development, the evide...

Earth's early biosphere

Science.gov (United States)

Des Marais, D. J.

1998-01-01

Understanding our own early biosphere is essential to our search for life elsewhere, because life arose on Earth very early and rocky planets shared similar early histories. The biosphere arose before 3.8 Ga ago, was exclusively unicellular and was dominated by hyperthermophiles that utilized chemical sources of energy and employed a range of metabolic pathways for CO2 assimilation. Photosynthesis also arose very early. Oxygenic photosynthesis arose later but still prior to 2.7 Ga. The transition toward the modern global environment was paced by a decline in volcanic and hydrothermal activity. These developments allowed atmospheric O2 levels to increase. The O2 increase created new niches for aerobic life, most notably the more advanced Eukarya that eventually spawned the megascopic fauna and flora of our modern biosphere.

75 FR 20830 - Early Learning

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-21

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Early Learning AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, Department of Education... meetings and written submissions, is seeking input from State agencies responsible for early learning and... assistance providers, researchers of early learning, stakeholders who work with early learning and...

The Byzantine Church of ``40 Holy Martyrs'' in Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria: Pigments and Technique

Science.gov (United States)

Sakellariou, E.; Zorba, T.; Pavlidou, E.; Angelova, S.; Paraskevopoulos, K. M.

2010-01-01

, the presence of iron oxides (hematite and limonite) indicating the use of ochre for the yellow and red pigments, is identified. Finally, the surface of some samples was covered by a transparent and tensile material. This material was characterized by μs-FTIR spectroscopy as an organic substance, probably a natural resin that was used to protect the murals in the early ages.

The Byzantine Church of '40 Holy Martyrs' in Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria: Pigments and Technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakellariou, E.; Zorba, T.; Pavlidou, E.; Paraskevopoulos, K. M.; Angelova, S.

2010-01-01

, the presence of iron oxides (hematite and limonite) indicating the use of ochre for the yellow and red pigments, is identified. Finally, the surface of some samples was covered by a transparent and tensile material. This material was characterized by μs-FTIR spectroscopy as an organic substance, probably a natural resin that was used to protect the murals in the early ages.

Abnormal early cleavage events predict early embryo demise: sperm oxidative stress and early abnormal cleavage.

Science.gov (United States)

Burruel, Victoria; Klooster, Katie; Barker, Christopher M; Pera, Renee Reijo; Meyers, Stuart

2014-10-13

Human embryos resulting from abnormal early cleavage can result in aneuploidy and failure to develop normally to the blastocyst stage. The nature of paternal influence on early embryo development has not been directly demonstrated although many studies have suggested effects from spermatozoal chromatin packaging, DNA damage, centriolar and mitotic spindle integrity, and plasma membrane integrity. The goal of this study was to determine whether early developmental events were affected by oxidative damage to the fertilizing sperm. Survival analysis was used to compare patterns of blastocyst formation based on P2 duration. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrate that relatively few embryos with short (P2 times reached blastocysts, and the two curves diverged beginning on day 4, with nearly all of the embryos with longer P2 times reaching blastocysts by day 6 (p < .01). We determined that duration of the 2nd to 3rd mitoses were sensitive periods in the presence of spermatozoal oxidative stress. Embryos that displayed either too long or too short cytokineses demonstrated an increased failure to reach blastocyst stage and therefore survive for further development. Although paternal-derived gene expression occurs later in development, this study suggests a specific role in early mitosis that is highly influenced by paternal factors.

Twee aardbewings of een? Die assosiasie van literêre motiewe in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Two earthquakes or one? The association of literary motifs in the exegesis of Matthew 27:51-54 & 28:2-4. By means of a detailed analysis of the association of literary themes, the development of a motif of Matthew 27:51 and 28:2 is traced through diverse Patristic and Byzantine authors. This is done in order to illustrate how ...

Excavating the Spartans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Wilkes

1997-11-01

Full Text Available Few ancient Greek place names are so embedded in Western consciousness as Sparta, evoking as it does courage, harsh training, stern duty and endurance. By the 2nd century AD it had become a "heritage centre " admired by visiting Romans, and it flourished again in the Byzantine period. The Institute has been involved in new excavations at Sparta since 1989.

SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF THE HISTORIC AND CURRENT ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM COMMUNITIES

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Adam A.J. DeVille

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Drawing on, but expanding and altering mutatis mutandis some principles enunciated by the greatest Byzantine liturgical historian writing today, Robert F. Taft (emeritus of the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, this paper will propose some methodological considerations for the study of the encounters and relations between Eastern Christian and Muslim communities from the seventh century to the present day.

Strong Federations: An Interoperable Blockchain Solution to Centralized Third-Party Risks

OpenAIRE

Dilley, Johnny; Poelstra, Andrew; Wilkins, Jonathan; Piekarska, Marta; Gorlick, Ben; Friedenbach, Mark

2016-01-01

Bitcoin, the first peer-to-peer electronic cash system, opened the door to permissionless, private, and trustless transactions. Attempts to repurpose Bitcoin's underlying blockchain technology have run up against fundamental limitations to privacy, faithful execution, and transaction finality. We introduce \\emph{Strong Federations}: publicly verifiable, Byzantine-robust transaction networks that facilitate movement of any asset between disparate markets, without requiring third-party trust. \\...

Four different ways of philanthropic aid to the blind in medieval eastern Christendom.

Science.gov (United States)

Diamandopoulou-Drummond, A H; Diamandopoulos, A A; Marketos, S G

1995-11-01

The care of the blind, either as medical treatment or as divine therapy, has probably been the most ancient form of help for ill people. However, it was during the Byzantine Empire (325-1453 AD) that the state organized a 'blindness relief' plan as part of a widespread public health system. Our sources for the subject include medical writings, state decrees, Saint's 'vitae' and representations of relevant works of art. Based on the above data we classify the health care for the blind in Byzantium as: (a) support of ophthalmological education as evidenced by an abundance of medical writings on the subject; (b) establishment of charitable institutions exclusively or partially for the blind, where there was not only medical care but also provision for a wide range of social aid - the most advanced being specially trained escorts for each blind person; and (c) support by the state of an extended chain of religious institutions where miraculous help for the blind was promised. We conclude that the public health policy in Byzantium made adequate and very early provision for the blind.

Early Option Exercise

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Heje Pedersen, Lasse; Jensen, Mads Vestergaard

A classic result by Merton (1973) is that, except just before expiration or dividend payments, one should never exercise a call option and never convert a convertible bond. We show theoretically that this result is overturned when investors face frictions. Early option exercise can be optimal when...... it reduces short-sale costs, transaction costs, or funding costs. We provide consistent empirical evidence, documenting billions of dollars of early exercise for options and convertible bonds using unique data on actual exercise decisions and frictions. Our model can explain as much as 98% of early exercises...

Early Option Exercise

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Mads Vestergaard; Heje Pedersen, Lasse

2016-01-01

A classic result by Merton (1973) is that, except just before expiration or dividend payments, one should never exercise a call option and never convert a convertible bond. We show theoretically that this result is overturned when investors face frictions. Early option exercise can be optimal when...... it reduces short-sale costs, transaction costs, or funding costs. We provide consistent empirical evidence, documenting billions of dollars of early exercise for options and convertible bonds using unique data on actual exercise decisions and frictions. Our model can explain as much as 98% of early exercises...

Mental health in mass gatherings

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Shahbaz Ali Khan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Hajj pilgrimage, in Saudi Arabia, is one of the world's largest religious mass gatherings. We have similar mass gathering scenarios in India such as the Amarnath Yatra and Kumbh. A unique combination of physical, physiological, and psychological factors makes this pilgrimage a very stressful milieu. We studied the emergence of psychopathology and its determinants, in this adverse environment in mass gathering situation, in Indian pilgrims on Hajj 2016. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study analyzing the mental morbidity in 1.36 lakh Indian pilgrims during Hajj 2016, using SPSS software version 19. Results: Totally 182 patients reported psychological problems. Twenty-two patients (12% required admission. Twelve (6.8% pilgrims reported a past history of a mental illness. One hundred and sixty-five (93.2% patients never had any mental symptoms earlier in life. The most common illnesses seen were stress related (45.7% followed by psychosis (9.8%, insomnia (7.3%, and mood disorders (5.6%. The most common symptoms recorded were apprehension (45%, sleep (55%, anxiety (41%, and fear of being lost (27%. Psychotropics were prescribed for 46% of pilgrims. All patients completed their Hajj successfully and returned to India. Conclusions: Cumulative stress causes full spectrum of mental decompensation, and prompt healing is aided by simple nonpharmacological measures including social support and counseling in compatible sociolinguistic milieu.

Religiously Motivated Travel and Rural Tourism in Vhembe District of South Africa

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Gyekye Agyapong

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The study investigated the socio-economic impact of religious tourism (UAAC gathering on the local tourism industry and on surrounding rural communities in Vhembe District Municipality (VDM of South Africa. Questionnaires were used to collect data on pilgrims (visitors, businesses, and residents during, and immediately after the event. Statistical techniques were used to analyse the data to gain insight into the data as basis for answering the research questions posed in this study. The results revealed that majority of the pilgrims to the UAAC gathering were from the host province of Limpopo. Also, most pilgrims travel to the pilgrimage site solely for religious reasons. Another significant finding is that the average spending per pilgrim by pilgrims from the rest of South Africa is larger than their Limpopo and foreign pilgrim counterparts. Furthermore, the results showed that while businesses were positive about the pilgrimage’s contribution to increased sales from their businesses, they at the same time opined that the event does not generate any additional employment. This could be because out of every R100 of pilgrims spending only R2.16 remains in the local economy through leakages. Finally an important finding of the study is overall consensus among residents that the annual pilgrimage gathering promotes morality, improved socialization as well as a sense of feeling good and proud of their community.

The Challenges of the First European Cultural Itinerary: The Way to St. James

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Mª Ines Gusmán Correia

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The pilgrimage route to St James is one of the oldest religious itineraries. The Camino (Way came into being as a major pilgrim route in the Middle Ages. Although, in later centuries, it saw long periods of neglect, in the last fifty years, its potential has been rediscovered. It received formal and institutional recognition from the Council of Europe on 23 October 1987, as the first European Cultural Route, then, in 1993, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Throughout this time, the final destination has remained the same, the city of Santiago de Compostela (declared a World Heritage Site in 1985, but the itinerary has turned into a polysemic cultural, tourist, monumental, spiritual and sport route. In view of such complexity, we examine how its original religious essence is undergoing semantic changes, which make it attractive for groups of different faiths and creeds, and with varying motivations. For this purpose, we study the tangible (huge monumental heritage and intangible heritage (rituals and practices that enriches and characterises this pilgrimage route. In explaining its polysemy, we will demonstrate why and how the Camino can satisfy the needs of pilgrims and tourists with different motivations and expectations. Finally, we set out the factors that determine the transferability of practices from the Way of St James to other European Cultural Itineraries, for instance the Via Francigena.

Mental health in mass gatherings

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Shahbaz Ali; Chauhan, V. S.; Timothy, A.; Kalpana, S.; Khanam, Shagufta

2016-01-01

Background: Hajj pilgrimage, in Saudi Arabia, is one of the world's largest religious mass gatherings. We have similar mass gathering scenarios in India such as the Amarnath Yatra and Kumbh. A unique combination of physical, physiological, and psychological factors makes this pilgrimage a very stressful milieu. We studied the emergence of psychopathology and its determinants, in this adverse environment in mass gathering situation, in Indian pilgrims on Hajj 2016. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study analyzing the mental morbidity in 1.36 lakh Indian pilgrims during Hajj 2016, using SPSS software version 19. Results: Totally 182 patients reported psychological problems. Twenty-two patients (12%) required admission. Twelve (6.8%) pilgrims reported a past history of a mental illness. One hundred and sixty-five (93.2%) patients never had any mental symptoms earlier in life. The most common illnesses seen were stress related (45.7%) followed by psychosis (9.8%), insomnia (7.3%), and mood disorders (5.6%). The most common symptoms recorded were apprehension (45%), sleep (55%), anxiety (41%), and fear of being lost (27%). Psychotropics were prescribed for 46% of pilgrims. All patients completed their Hajj successfully and returned to India. Conclusions: Cumulative stress causes full spectrum of mental decompensation, and prompt healing is aided by simple nonpharmacological measures including social support and counseling in compatible sociolinguistic milieu. PMID:28659703

The Saudi Thoracic Society pneumococcal vaccination guidelines-2016

Science.gov (United States)

Alharbi, N. S.; Al-Barrak, A. M.; Al-Moamary, M. S.; Zeitouni, M. O.; Idrees, M. M.; Al-Ghobain, M. O.; Al-Shimemeri, A. A.; Al-Hajjaj, Mohamed S.

2016-01-01

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Saudi Arabia is a host to millions of pilgrims who travel annually from all over the world for Umrah and the Hajj pilgrimages and are at risk of developing pneumococcal pneumonia or invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). There is also the risk of transmission of S. pneumoniae including antibiotic resistant strains between pilgrims and their potential global spread upon their return. The country also has unique challenges posed by susceptible population to IPD due to people with hemoglobinopathies, younger age groups with chronic conditions, and growing problem of antibiotic resistance. Since the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease is constantly changing, with an increase in nonvaccine pneumococcal serotypes, vaccination policies on the effectiveness and usefulness of vaccines require regular revision. As part of the Saudi Thoracic Society (STS) commitment to promote the best practices in the field of respiratory diseases, we conducted a review of S. pneumoniae infections and the best evidence base available in the literature. The aim of the present study is to develop the STS pneumococcal vaccination guidelines for healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. We recommend vaccination against pneumococcal infections for all children Saudi Arabia population <50 years of age, many of whom have risk factors for contracting pneumococcal infections. A section for pneumococcal vaccination before the Umrah and Hajj pilgrimages is included as well. PMID:27168856

وصف الحجاز فی رحلة الحج المغربیة

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr.Moussa Haissam

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Pilgrimage represents the trip of a lifetime and it is a key means of communication between different regions and throughout the Muslim world. Given the spiritual and sentimental importance, the supreme purpose of Hejaz trip is performance of the hajj and it is considered as a source of heritage ,historically, geographically and archaeological importance, from which the Moroccans expressed the close association which brought together both sides of the Islamic nation east and west, seeking through below it from within Notes workbooks trip , to transfer the circumstances of the trip to whom waiting for their return, they might die down the fire of passion longing in the hearts of their families when they return whom are dreaming to visit the House of God, and the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his mosque. This trip formed the encyclopedia included history, geography and heritage through the exact description of the places where the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his companions had the brunt of their feet, Thus this balance so crammed with books by most of the journey, which led the researchers to identify the capitals of the Hejaz and its land sprawling. Which worked on exploring it Through my article is marked by the project: Description of the Hejaz in the Moroccan pilgrimage.

Early discharge following birth

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nilsson, Ingrid M. S.; Kronborg, Hanne; Knight, Christopher H.

2017-01-01

.26–0.48) and primiparous compared to multiparous had an OR of 0.22 (CI 0.17–0.29) for early discharge. Other predictors for early discharge were: no induction of labour, no epidural painkiller, bleeding less than 500 ml during delivery, higher gestational age, early expected discharge and positive breastfeeding experience...

Cognitive Development in Early Readers.

Science.gov (United States)

Briggs, Chari; Elkind, David

Some studies of early readers are discussed. It is pointed out that study of early readers has relevance for practical and theoretical issues in psychology and education. Of interest in this document are the following questions: (1) Are there any special talents or traits distinguishing early from non-early readers? (2) Do children who read early…

Early Dementia Screening

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Peter K. Panegyres

2016-01-01

Full Text Available As the population of the world increases, there will be larger numbers of people with dementia and an emerging need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early dementia screening is the process by which a patient who might be in the prodromal phases of a dementing illness is determined as having, or not having, the hallmarks of a neurodegenerative condition. The concepts of mild cognitive impairment, or mild neurocognitive disorder, are useful in analyzing the patient in the prodromal phase of a dementing disease; however, the transformation to dementia may be as low as 10% per annum. The search for early dementia requires a comprehensive clinical evaluation, cognitive assessment, determination of functional status, corroborative history and imaging (including MRI, FDG-PET and maybe amyloid PET, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF examination assaying Aβ1–42, T-τ and P-τ might also be helpful. Primary care physicians are fundamental in the screening process and are vital in initiating specialist investigation and treatment. Early dementia screening is especially important in an age where there is a search for disease modifying therapies, where there is mounting evidence that treatment, if given early, might influence the natural history—hence the need for cost-effective screening measures for early dementia.

Crititics to Metaphysics by Modern Philosophers (Discourse on Human Beings in Reality)

OpenAIRE

Frederikus Fios

2016-01-01

We have entered the 21st century that is popularly known as the era of the development of modern science and technology. Philosophy provides naming for contemporary era as postmodern era. But do we suddenly come to this day and age? No! Because humans are homo viator, persona that does pilgrimage in history, space and time. Philosophy has expanded periodically in the long course of history. Since the days of classical antiquity, philosophy comes with a patterned metaphysical paradigm. T...

Chemical composition of the essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Lamiaceae)

OpenAIRE

Jelačić Slavica Ć.; Beatović Damir V.; Prodanović Slaven A.; Tasić Slavoljub R.; Moravčević Đorđe Ž.; Vujošević Ana M.; Vučković Savo M.

2011-01-01

In Serbia basil has been grown traditionally as a decorative, medicinal, seasoning and ritual herb, and there is a variety of different populations of basil. Basil is considered to have been brought to Serbia in the 12th century by monks returning from their pilgrimages. Essential oils isolated from herb of ten basil populations traditionally grown on the territory of the Republic of Serbia have been analyzed. The selected populations have been designated under codes from T-1 to T-10 an...

السياحة الشرعية في رياو وفرص تعليم اللغة العربية فيها

OpenAIRE

SAPRONI

2018-01-01

Arabic is not only a religious language but an international language used by the United Nations as an official language. Therefore, the importance of learning Arabic is to teach for other purposes not only religious purposes, such as tourism, economy, pilgrimage and other purposes. Specifically within the vision of the Ministry of Tourism and Culture Bureau Riau aims to be a tourism takes a superior position on the basis of Malay culture, and at the same time, will be implemented the message...

Indonesians in Saudi Arabia: Worhsip and Work

OpenAIRE

Husson, Laurence

1997-01-01

This article, which opens a new line of research, is intended to make a first assessment of the consequences of Indonesian migration to saudi Arabia, in particular during the first half of the 2Oth century-a period when the immigration is bound up with the pilgrimage from which Saudi Arabia draws a large part of its revenues. It must be added that while documentary evidence and partial studies on this period exist, it turns out that documentation on the contemporary peri...

AHP 45: REVIEW: AMNYE MACHEN MOUNTAIN CIRCUMAMBULATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bill Bleisch

2017-03-01

Full Text Available This sublime documentary was filmed by a Tibetan team in 2014, the Year of the Horse. The film features stunning visual images of sacred Amnye Machen presented with an ethereal soundtrack of Tibetanelectronica fusion. It also includes a large amount of information about the practices of pilgrimage, illustrated with valuable footage of pilgrims at prayer, or walking and prostrating along the kora route; interviews with pilgrims; and extended explanations by Tibetan scholar, Gonpo Lhachen, and Tibetan environmentalist, Tsering Bum.

10th Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography 6-11th September 1997

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1997-09-01

Full Text Available After Strasbourg, 1978, Cambridge, 1980, Augsburg, 1982, Veldhoven, 1985, Bardonechia, 1987, Chantilly, 1989, Stockholm, 1991, Budapest, 1993, Spa, 1995, the 10th Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography was held in Rostock, Germany, from 6 to 11th September 1997. The local organizer was Otti Margraf, from Leipzig University. We can hardly convey an idea of the atmosphere which illuminated our pilgrimage to Von Thünen’s farm in Tellow, a central place for geographers! But you will...

Magnetic and electromagnetic prospections at the Roman city of Hadrianopolis, southern Albania

Science.gov (United States)

Schettino, Antonio; Perna, Roberto; Pierantoni, Pietro Paolo; Ghezzi, Annalisa; Tassi, Luca; Sforzini, David

2017-04-01

We report on a combined magnetic-GPR survey performed in 2015-2017 at the ancient Roman city of Hadrianopolis, located in southern Albania, in the context of the project Teatri Antichi Riuniti (TAU). The collected data supplemented previous archaeological surveys performed by the University of Macerata with the aim of promoting the valley and starting the realization of an archaeological park. Hadrianopolis was founded through a reorganization of a previous Hellenistic settlement. Starting from 2015, magnetic and GPR surveys were carried out in Hadrianopolis in order to determine the urban framework. The collected data revealed the existence of structures organized along two main different patterns, which have been interpreted as due to the superposition of Roman buildings and Late Antiquity structures. In fact, the arrangement of structures in the studied area shows a regular urban organization of Roman type separated by a less regular disposition of the buildings that can be attributed to the Byzantine age. The latter arrangement is superimposed on the previous Roman structures. A stone wall, clearly identified by the combination of magnetic anomalies and GPR images, separates the Byzantine seattlement from the genuine Roman sector.

El saber florilégico de Bizancio

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Tomás Fernández

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Resumen Esta contribución se propone ofrecer un brevísimo panorama de los cambios en la disposición y estructura de los florilegios griegos entre los siglos V y X. Está organizada en torno a tipos de antología, siguiendo laxamente una línea cronológica: 1. El florilegio erudito de Estobeo y el moral de Antíoco; 2. Los florilegios dogmáticos; 3. Los florilegios espirituales; 4. Los gnomologios y florilegios sacro-profanos; 5. Concluye con una referencia a la relación entre antologías y enciclopedismo bizantino. Palabras clave: Bizancio; antologías; gnomologios; enciclopedismo bizantino Abstract This article aims at giving a very short overview about changes in disposition and structure of Greek florilegia between the 5th and 10th centuries. lt is organised following the type of anthology, following also a rough chronological orden: 1. The erudite florilegium of Stobaeus and the moral one of Antiochus; 2. Dogmatic florilegia; 3. Spiritual florilegia; 4. Gnomologia and sacro-profane florilegia; 5. Brief conclusion about the relation between anthologies and Byzantine encyclopaedism. Keywords: Byzantium; anthologies; gnomologia; Byzantine encyclopaedism

Famines in Africa: is early warning early enough?

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Jeeyon Janet Kim

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Following the second Sahelian famine in 1984–1985, major investments were made to establish Early Warning Systems. These systems help to ensure that timely warnings and vulnerability information are available to decision makers to anticipate and avert food crises. In the recent crisis in the Horn of Africa, alarming levels of acute malnutrition were documented from March 2010, and by August 2010, an impending food crisis was forecast. Despite these measures, the situation remained unrecognised, and further deteriorated causing malnutrition levels to grow in severity and scope. By the time the United Nations officially declared famine on 20 July 2011, and the humanitarian community sluggishly went into response mode, levels of malnutrition and mortality exceeded catastrophic levels. At this time, an estimated 11 million people were in desperate and immediate need for food. With warnings of food crises in the Sahel, South Sudan, and forecast of the drought returning to the Horn, there is an immediate need to institutionalize change in the health response during humanitarian emergencies. Early warning systems are only effective if they trigger an early response.

Early stages of bipolar disorder: characterization and strategies for early intervention

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Adiel C. Rios

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Objective: To characterize the early stages of bipolar disorder (BD, defined as the clinical prodrome/subsyndromal stage and first-episode phase, and strategies for their respective treatment. Methods: A selective literature search of the PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and ISI databases from inception until March 2014 was performed. Included in this review were articles that a characterized prodromal and first-episode stages of BD or b detailed efficacy and safety/tolerability of interventions in patients considered prodromal for BD or those with only one episode of mania/hypomania. Results: As research has only recently focused on characterization of the early phase of BD, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of any treatment option in the early phase of BD. Case management; individual, group, and family therapy; supportive therapy; and group psychoeducation programs have been proposed. Most evidence-based treatment guidelines for BD do not address treatment specifically in the context of the early stages of illness. Evidence for pharmacotherapy is usually presented in relation to illness polarity (i.e., manic/mixed or depressed or treatment phase. Conclusions: Although early recognition and treatment are critical to preventing unfavorable outcomes, there is currently little evidence for interventions in these stages of BD.

Employment and educational outcomes in early intervention programmes for early psychosis: a systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Bond, G R; Drake, R E; Luciano, A

2015-10-01

Young adults with early psychosis want to pursue normal roles - education and employment. This paper summarises the empirical literature on the effectiveness of early intervention programmes for employment and education outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of employment/education outcomes for early intervention programmes, distinguishing three programme types: (1) those providing supported employment, (2) those providing unspecified vocational services and (3) those without vocational services. We summarised findings for 28 studies. Eleven studies evaluated early intervention programmes providing supported employment. In eight studies that reported employment outcomes separately from education outcomes, the employment rate during follow-up for supported employment patients was 49%, compared with 29% for patients receiving usual services. The two groups did not differ on enrolment in education. In four controlled studies, meta-analysis showed that the employment rate for supported employment participants was significantly higher than for control participants, odds ratio = 3.66 [1.93-6.93], p < 0.0001. Five studies (four descriptive and one quasi-experimental) of early intervention programmes evaluating unspecified vocational services were inconclusive. Twelve studies of early intervention programmes without vocational services were methodologically heterogeneous, using diverse methods for evaluating vocational/educational outcomes and precluding a satisfactory meta-analytic synthesis. Among studies with comparison groups, 7 of 11 (64%) reported significant vocational/education outcomes favouring early intervention over usual services. In early intervention programmes, supported employment moderately increases employment rates but not rates of enrolment in education. These improvements are in addition to the modest effects early programmes alone have on vocational/educational outcomes compared with usual services.

The Association between Early Conduct Problems and Early Marijuana Use in College Students

Science.gov (United States)

Falls, Benjamin J.; Wish, Eric D.; Garnier, Laura M.; Caldeira, Kimberly M.; O'Grady, Kevin E.; Vincent, Kathryn B.; Arria, Amelia M.

2011-01-01

Early conduct problems have been linked to early marijuana use in adolescence. The present study examines this association in a sample of 1,076 college students that was divided into three groups: (1) early marijuana users (began marijuana use prior to age 15; N = 126), (2) late marijuana users (began marijuana use at or after age 15; N = 607),…

Dítě ve velkomoravských právních památkách

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havlíková, Lubomíra

2012-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 1 (2012), s. 1-10 ISSN 1337-8740 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 7AMB12SK161 Institutional support: RVO:68378017 Keywords : history * gender studies * Great Moravian law * Slavonic law * Byzantine law * child * woman * matrimony * Great Moravia * Constanrtine and Methodius Subject RIV: AB - History http://www.ukm.ff.ukf.sk/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/konstantinove-listy-2012text.pdf

Early Retirement Payoff

Science.gov (United States)

Fitzpatrick, Maria D.; Lovenheim, Michael F.

2014-01-01

As public budgets have grown tighter over the past decade, states and school districts have sought ways to control the growth of spending. One increasingly common strategy employed to rein in costs is to offer experienced teachers with high salaries financial incentives to retire early. Although early retirement incentive (ERI) programs have been…

Who Gets Early Tracheostomy?

Science.gov (United States)

Shaw, Joshua J.

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Although the benefits of early tracheostomy in patients dependent on ventilators are well established, the reasons for variation in time from intubation to tracheostomy remain unclear. We identified clinical and demographic disparities in time to tracheostomy. METHODS: We performed a level 3 retrospective prognostic study by querying the University HealthSystem Consortium (2007-2010) for adult patients receiving a tracheostomy after initial intubation. Time to tracheostomy was designated early ( 10 days). Cohorts were stratified by time to tracheostomy and compared using univariate tests of association and multivariable adjusted models. RESULTS: A total of 49,191 patients underwent tracheostomy after initial intubation: 42% early (n = 21,029) and 58% late (n = 28,162). On both univariate and multivariable analyses, women, blacks, Hispanics, and patients receiving Medicaid were less likely to receive an early tracheostomy. Patients in the early group also experienced lower rates of mortality (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Early tracheostomy was associated with increased survival. Yet, there were still significant disparities in time to tracheostomy according to sex, race, and type of insurance. Application of evidence-based algorithms for tracheostomy may reduce unequal treatment and improve overall mortality rates. Additional research into this apparent bias in referral/rendering of tracheostomy is needed. PMID:26313324

Temporality and Memory in Architecture: Hagia Sophia

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Yüksel Burçin Nur

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Istanbul, having hosted many civilizations and cultures, has a long and important past. Due to its geopolitical locations, the city has been the capital of two civilizations—Ottoman and Byzantine Empires—which left its traces in the history of the world. Architectural and symbolic monuments built by these civilizations made an impression in all communities making the city a center of attraction. After each and every damage caused by wars, civil strifes, and natural disasters, maximum effort has been made to restore these symbolic buildings. Attitude of a society to a piece of art or an architectural construction defined as historical artifact is shown in interventions, architectural supplementations and restorations to buildings to keep them alive. As a result of this attitude, it is accepted that buildings are perceived as a place of memory and symbolized with the city. The most important symbolic monument of the city, Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia, was found as the Church of the Byzantine Emperor in the year 360, then converted into the Mosque of the Ottoman Sultan, and now serves as one of the best-known museums of Turkey. With architectural additions requested by Byzantine emperors and Ottoman sultans, restorations and other functional changes; Hagia Sophia had become a monument witnessing its own changes as well as its surroundings while collecting memories. Accordingly, Hagia Sophia can be described as an immortal building.  Immortality is out of time notion, however it is a reflection of time effects as well. Immortality is about resisting to time. A construction from the past which appreciates as time passes will also exist in the future preserving its value. The building has been strengthened with the memory phenomenon formed during construction, incidents that the building witnessed in its location, restorations, architectural supplementations and the perception of the world heritage. The main purpose of this presentation is to show how

Early intervention in psychosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Csillag, Claudio; Nordentoft, Merete; Mizuno, Masafumi

2017-01-01

AIM: Early intervention in psychosis (EIP) is a well-established approach with the intention of early detection and treatment of psychotic disorders. Its clinical and economic benefits are well documented. This paper presents basic aspects of EIP services, discusses challenges to their implementa......AIM: Early intervention in psychosis (EIP) is a well-established approach with the intention of early detection and treatment of psychotic disorders. Its clinical and economic benefits are well documented. This paper presents basic aspects of EIP services, discusses challenges...... benefits alone is not enough to promote implementation, as economic arguments and political and social pressure have shown to be important elements in efforts to achieve implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Users' narratives, close collaboration with community organizations and support from policy-makers and known...

Early cosmology constrained

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Verde, Licia; Jimenez, Raul [Institute of Cosmos Sciences, University of Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí Franquès, 1, E08028 Barcelona (Spain); Bellini, Emilio [University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH (United Kingdom); Pigozzo, Cassio [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA (Brazil); Heavens, Alan F., E-mail: liciaverde@icc.ub.edu, E-mail: emilio.bellini@physics.ox.ac.uk, E-mail: cpigozzo@ufba.br, E-mail: a.heavens@imperial.ac.uk, E-mail: raul.jimenez@icc.ub.edu [Imperial Centre for Inference and Cosmology (ICIC), Imperial College, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)

2017-04-01

We investigate our knowledge of early universe cosmology by exploring how much additional energy density can be placed in different components beyond those in the ΛCDM model. To do this we use a method to separate early- and late-universe information enclosed in observational data, thus markedly reducing the model-dependency of the conclusions. We find that the 95% credibility regions for extra energy components of the early universe at recombination are: non-accelerating additional fluid density parameter Ω{sub MR} < 0.006 and extra radiation parameterised as extra effective neutrino species 2.3 < N {sub eff} < 3.2 when imposing flatness. Our constraints thus show that even when analyzing the data in this largely model-independent way, the possibility of hiding extra energy components beyond ΛCDM in the early universe is seriously constrained by current observations. We also find that the standard ruler, the sound horizon at radiation drag, can be well determined in a way that does not depend on late-time Universe assumptions, but depends strongly on early-time physics and in particular on additional components that behave like radiation. We find that the standard ruler length determined in this way is r {sub s} = 147.4 ± 0.7 Mpc if the radiation and neutrino components are standard, but the uncertainty increases by an order of magnitude when non-standard dark radiation components are allowed, to r {sub s} = 150 ± 5 Mpc.

Antoine Ó Flatharta’s Elviad: from Grásta i Meiriceá to Grace in America

OpenAIRE

John L. Murphy

2006-01-01

Antoine Ó Flatharta bilingually charts media-saturated global impacts upon Galway’s Gaelic-speakers. His play in Irish,Grásta i Meiriceá (1990) features two young Irishmen who journey by bus on a pilgrimage to Elvis’ Graceland. In its 1993 English adaptation, Grace in America, the pair meets relatives who emigrated to 1940s Buffalo. Reading these plays by applying Seamus Deane’s “primordial nomination,” Edward Said’s “cartographical impulse,” Declan Kiberd’s “spiritual tourism,” and socioling...

A STUDY OF LORD BYRON'S THE TURKISH TALES IN TERMS OF ORIENTALISM

OpenAIRE

GÜLDEREN KRASNIQI/OKUMUŞ, SENİHA/SALİH

2014-01-01

 Lord Byron was a significant figure of XIX century English literature. He is well-known for his journey through Orient as well as his writings as a product of this journey. Subject matters used in these writings served as a revelation of the eastern values which now could challenge western world on the stage of morality and courage. He started with Oriental themes in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and continued with Turkish or Oriental Tales, hence carried the matter to higher level. Subject of ...

A STUDY OF LORD BYRON'S THE TURKISH TALES IN TERMS OF ORIENTALISM

OpenAIRE

GÜLDEREN KRASNIQI/OKUMUŞ, SENİHA/SALİH

2014-01-01

Lord Byron was a significant figure of XIX century English literature. He is well-known for his journey through Orient as well as his writings as a product of this journey. Subject matters used in these writings served as a revelation of the eastern values which now could challenge western world on the stage of morality and courage. He started with Oriental themes in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and continued with Turkish or Oriental Tales, hence carried the matter to higher level. Subject of o...

Film tourism and destination marketing : a case study of Santorini, Greece

OpenAIRE

Ραυτοπούλου, Μαρία

2014-01-01

Like books and paintings, which are the channels that have inspired us to fantasize on travelling to new and exotic places, films are the modern motivators of today that can through moving image make us value to visit certain places (Beeton 2005, 4). For some it can be a form of escapism or pilgrimage and for many these places are the connection between real and imaginary. By depicting a particular place in a film, we can claim it will certainly stimulate in our interest towards traditional t...

Redefining early gastric cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Barreto, Savio G; Windsor, John A

2016-01-01

The problem is that current definitions of early gastric cancer allow the inclusion of regional lymph node metastases. The increasing use of endoscopic submucosal dissection to treat early gastric cancer is a concern because regional lymph nodes are not addressed. The aim of the study was thus to critically evaluate current evidence with regard to tumour-specific factors associated with lymph node metastases in "early gastric cancer" to develop a more precise definition and improve clinical management. A systematic and comprehensive search of major reference databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library) was undertaken using a combination of text words "early gastric cancer", "lymph node metastasis", "factors", "endoscopy", "surgery", "lymphadenectomy" "mucosa", "submucosa", "lymphovascular invasion", "differentiated", "undifferentiated" and "ulcer". All available publications that described tumour-related factors associated with lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer were included. The initial search yielded 1494 studies, of which 42 studies were included in the final analysis. Over time, the definition of early gastric cancer has broadened and the indications for endoscopic treatment have widened. The mean frequency of lymph node metastases increased on the basis of depth of infiltration (mucosa 6% vs. submucosa 28%), presence of lymphovascular invasion (absence 9% vs. presence 53%), tumour differentiation (differentiated 13% vs. undifferentiated 34%) and macroscopic type (elevated 13% vs. flat 26%) and tumour diameter (≤2 cm 8% vs. >2 cm 25%). There is a need to re-examine the diagnosis and staging of early gastric cancer to ensure that patients with one or more identifiable risk factor for lymph node metastases are not denied appropriate chemotherapy and surgical resection.

Early psychosis workforce development: Core competencies for mental health professionals working in the early psychosis field.

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Osman, Helen; Jorm, Anthony F; Killackey, Eoin; Francey, Shona; Mulcahy, Dianne

2017-08-09

The aim of this study was to identify the core competencies required of mental health professionals working in the early psychosis field, which could function as an evidence-based tool to support the early psychosis workforce and in turn assist early psychosis service implementation and strengthen early psychosis model fidelity. The Delphi method was used to establish expert consensus on the core competencies. In the first stage, a systematic literature search was conducted to generate competency items. In the second stage, a panel consisting of expert early psychosis clinicians from around the world was formed. Panel members then rated each of the competency items on how essential they are to the clinical practice of all early psychosis clinicians. In total, 1023 pieces of literature including textbooks, journal articles and grey literature were reviewed. A final 542 competency items were identified for inclusion in the questionnaire. A total of 63 early psychosis experts participated in 3 rating rounds. Of the 542 competency items, 242 were endorsed as the required core competencies. There were 29 competency items that were endorsed by 62 or more experts, and these may be considered the foundational competencies for early psychosis practice. The study generated a set of core competencies that provide a common language for early psychosis clinicians across professional disciplines and country of practice, and potentially are a useful professional resource to support early psychosis workforce development and service reform. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Early breastfeeding problems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Feenstra, Maria Monberg; Kirkeby, Mette Jørgine; Thygesen, Marianne

2018-01-01

Objectives Breastfeeding problems are common and associated with early cessation. Stilllength of postpartum hospital stay has been reduced. This leaves new mothers to establish breastfeeding at home with less support from health care professionals. The objective was to explore mothers’ perspectives...... on when breastfeeding problems were the most challenging and prominent early postnatal. The aim was also toidentify possible factors associated with the breastfeeding problems. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a mixed method approach was used to analyse postal survey data from 1437 mothers with full...... term singleton infants. Content analysis was used to analyse mothers’ open text descriptions of their most challenging breastfeeding problem. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for early breastfeeding problems according to sociodemographic- and psychosocial factors. Results...

EARLY CHILDHOOD PREDICTORS OF LOW-INCOME BOYS' PATHWAYS TO ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE, AND EARLY ADULTHOOD.

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Shaw, Daniel S; Gilliam, Mary

2017-01-01

Guided by a bridging model of pathways leading to low-income boys' early starting and persistent trajectories of antisocial behavior, the current article reviews evidence supporting the model from early childhood through early adulthood. Using primarily a cohort of 310 low-income boys of families recruited from Women, Infants, and Children Nutrition Supplement centers in a large metropolitan area followed from infancy to early adulthood and a smaller cohort of boys and girls followed through early childhood, we provide evidence supporting the critical role of parenting, maternal depression, and other proximal family risk factors in early childhood that are prospectively linked to trajectories of parent-reported conduct problems in early and middle childhood, youth-reported antisocial behavior during adolescence and early adulthood, and court-reported violent offending in adolescence. The findings are discussed in terms of the need to identify at-risk boys in early childhood and methods and platforms for engaging families in healthcare settings not previously used to implement preventive mental health services. © 2016 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.

Early Reading and Concrete Operations.

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Polk, Cindy L. Howes; Goldstein, David

1980-01-01

Indicated that early readers are more likely to be advanced in cognitive development than are nonearly-reading peers. After one year of formal reading instruction, early readers maintained their advantage in reading achievement. Measures of concrete operations were found to predict reading achievement for early and nonearly readers. (Author/DB)

Individual differences in early adolescents' latent trait cortisol: Interaction of early adversity and 5-HTTLPR.

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Chen, Frances R; Stroud, Catherine B; Vrshek-Schallhorn, Suzanne; Doane, Leah D; Granger, Douglas A

2017-10-01

The present study aimed to examine the interaction of 5-HTTLPR and early adversity on trait-like levels of cortisol. A community sample of 117 early adolescent girls (M age=12.39years) provided DNA samples for 5-HTTLPR genotyping, and saliva samples for assessing cortisol 3 times a day (waking, 30min post-waking, and bedtime) over a three-day period. Latent trait cortisol (LTC) was modeled using the first 2 samples of each day. Early adversity was assessed with objective contextual stress interviews with adolescents and their mothers. A significant 5-HTTLPR×early adversity interaction indicated that greater early adversity was associated with lower LTC levels, but only among individuals with either L/L or S/L genotype. Findings suggest that serotonergic genetic variation may influence the impact of early adversity on individual differences in HPA-axis regulation. Future research should explore whether this interaction contributes to the development of psychopathology through HPA axis functioning. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Use of Slovenian in Education, the Church, and Early Theatre Performances in the 17th Century and the First Half of the 18th Century

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Kozma Ahačič

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The Use of Slovenian in Education, the Church, and Early Theatre Performances in the 17th Century and the First Half of the 18th Century Summary The paper provides a sociolinguistic survey of the use of Slovenian in education, the church, and early theatre performances in the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century. The extant studies and primary sources serve to identify the occasions for, and forms of, its use. The practice of elementary education shows no significant changes between the 16th and 17th centuries; there are, however, some changes at the ideological level. There is no explicit request for elementary education in Slovenian, either in the period of the Catholic reformation or later, while the demand for the use of Slovenian in education is primarily limited to catechesis: in catechesis, however, the emphasis was not on reading texts but on listening and on spoken reproduction. Some sources do suggest the use of Slovenian in elementary education at certain “non-Slovenian” schools, but it was not systematic. The same applies to the Ljubljana Jesuit gymnasium, where the use of Slovenian is likely – especially at the early stages – but lacks immediate evidence. On the other hand, the presence of Slovenian can be proved for the theological seminary adjoining the Ljubljana Cathedral, as well as for the educational centre at Gornji Grad. Moreover, the great number of Jesuit gymnasia significantly improved the general language knowledge in their localities as compared to the previous periods. The use of Slovenian in church was concentrated in preaching. All Slovenian priests were encouraged by the bishops to preach, and there were ecclesiastical orders that particularly fostered this activity. Sources testify to the delivery of Slovenian sermons by the Capuchin Friars, Jesuits, and Franciscans, while the role of Slovenian in the sermons by the Dominicans, Augustinians and Cistercians has received less attention. Of

Clarifying Parent-Child Reciprocities during Early Childhood: The Early Childhood Coercion Model

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Scaramella, Laura V.; Leve, Leslie D.

2004-01-01

Consistent with existing theory, the quality of parent-child interactions during early childhood affects children's social relationships and behavioral adjustment during middle childhood and adolescence. Harsh parenting and a propensity toward emotional overarousal interact very early in life to affect risk for later conduct problems. Less…

The early universe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steigman, G.

1989-01-01

The author discusses the physics of the early universe: the production and survival of relics from the big bang. The author comments on relic WIMPs as the dark matter in the universe. The remainder of this discussion is devoted to a review of the status of the only predictions from the early evolution of the universe that are accessible to astronomical observation: primordial nucleosynthesis

Risk of early surgery for Crohn's disease: implications for early treatment strategies.

Science.gov (United States)

Sands, Bruce E; Arsenault, Joanne E; Rosen, Michael J; Alsahli, Mazen; Bailen, Laurence; Banks, Peter; Bensen, Steven; Bousvaros, Athos; Cave, David; Cooley, Jeffrey S; Cooper, Herbert L; Edwards, Susan T; Farrell, Richard J; Griffin, Michael J; Hay, David W; John, Alex; Lidofsky, Sheldon; Olans, Lori B; Peppercorn, Mark A; Rothstein, Richard I; Roy, Michael A; Saletta, Michael J; Shah, Samir A; Warner, Andrew S; Wolf, Jacqueline L; Vecchio, James; Winter, Harland S; Zawacki, John K

2003-12-01

In this study we aimed to define the rate of early surgery for Crohn's disease and to identify risk factors associated with early surgery as a basis for subsequent studies of early intervention in Crohn's disease. We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients with Crohn's disease diagnosed between 1991 and 1997 and followed for at least 3 yr, who were identified in 16 community and referral-based practices in New England. Chart review was performed for each patient. Details of baseline demographic and disease features were recorded. Surgical history including date of surgery, indication, and procedure were also noted. Risk factors for early surgery (defined as major surgery for Crohn's disease within 3 yr of diagnosis, exclusive of major surgery at time of diagnosis) were identified by univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Of 345 eligible patients, 69 (20.1%) required surgery within 3 yr of diagnosis, excluding the 14 patients (4.1%) who had major surgery at the time of diagnosis. Overall, the interval between diagnosis and surgery was short; one half of all patients who required surgery underwent operation within 6 months of diagnosis. Risk factors identified by univariate analysis as significantly associated with early surgery included the following: smoking; disease of small bowel without colonic involvement; nausea and vomiting or abdominal pain on presentation; neutrophil count; and steroid use in the first 6 months. Disease localized to the colon only, blood in the stool, use of 5-aminosalicylate, and lymphocyte count were inversely associated with risk of early surgery. Logistic regression confirmed independent associations with smoking as a positive risk factor and involvement of colon without small bowel as a negative risk factor for early surgery. The rate of surgery is high in the first 3 yr after diagnosis of Crohn's disease, particularly in the first 6 months. These results suggest that

Early Childhood Workforce Index, 2016

Science.gov (United States)

Whitebook, Marcy; McLean, Caitlin; Austin, Lea J. E.

2016-01-01

The State of the Early Childhood Workforce (SECW) Initiative is a groundbreaking multi-year project to shine a steady spotlight on the nation's early childhood workforce. The SECW Initiative is designed to challenge entrenched ideas and policies that maintain an inequitable and inadequate status quo for early educators and for the children and…

Precursors of adolescent substance use from early childhood and early adolescence: testing a developmental cascade model.

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Sitnick, Stephanie L; Shaw, Daniel S; Hyde, Luke W

2014-02-01

This study examined developmentally salient risk and protective factors of adolescent substance use assessed during early childhood and early adolescence using a sample of 310 low-income boys. Child problem behavior and proximal family risk and protective factors (i.e., parenting and maternal depression) during early childhood, as well as child and family factors and peer deviant behavior during adolescence, were explored as potential precursors to later substance use during adolescence using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that early childhood risk and protective factors (i.e., child externalizing problems, mothers' depressive symptomatology, and nurturant parenting) were indirectly related to substance use at the age of 17 via risk and protective factors during early and middle adolescence (i.e., parental knowledge and externalizing problems). The implications of these findings for early prevention and intervention are discussed.

Early Islamic Syria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Walmsley, Alan

After more than a century of neglect, a profound revolution is occurring in the way archaeology addresses and interprets developments in the social history of early Islamic Syria-Palestine. This concise book offers an innovative assessment of social and economic developments in Syria-Palestine sh......After more than a century of neglect, a profound revolution is occurring in the way archaeology addresses and interprets developments in the social history of early Islamic Syria-Palestine. This concise book offers an innovative assessment of social and economic developments in Syria......-Palestine shortly before, and in the two centuries after, the Islamic expansion (the later sixth to the early ninth century AD), drawing on a wide range of new evidence from recent archaeological work. Alan Walmsley challenges conventional explanations for social change with the arrival of Islam, arguing...

Knots in Art

OpenAIRE

Jablan, Slavik; Radović, Ljiljana; Sazdanović, Radmila; Zeković, Ana

2012-01-01

We analyze applications of knots and links in the Ancient art, beginning from Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek, Byzantine and Celtic art. Construction methods used in art are analyzed on the examples of Celtic art and ethnical art of Tchokwe people from Angola or Tamil art, where knots are constructed as mirror-curves. We propose different methods for generating knots and links based on geometric polyhedra, suitable for applications in architecture and sculpture.

Resilience in mathematics after early brain injury: The roles of parental input and early plasticity

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Dana E. Glenn

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Children with early focal unilateral brain injury show remarkable plasticity in language development. However, little is known about how early brain injury influences mathematical learning. Here, we examine early number understanding, comparing cardinal number knowledge of typically developing children (TD and children with pre- and perinatal lesions (BI between 42 and 50 months of age. We also examine how this knowledge relates to the number words children hear from their primary caregivers early in life. We find that children with BI, are, on average, slightly behind TD children in both cardinal number knowledge and later mathematical performance, and show slightly slower learning rates than TD children in cardinal number knowledge during the preschool years. We also find that parents’ “number talk” to their toddlers predicts later mathematical ability for both TD children and children with BI. These findings suggest a relatively optimistic story in which neural plasticity is at play in children’s mathematical development following early brain injury. Further, the effects of early number input suggest that intervening to enrich the number talk that children with BI hear during the preschool years could narrow the math achievement gap. Keywords: Plasticity, Early unilateral brain injury, Mathematical skill, Cardinality, Parent input

Climate, environment and society in southern Italy during the last 2000 years. A review of the environmental, historical and archaeological evidence

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Sadori, Laura; Giraudi, Carlo; Masi, Alessia; Magny, Michel; Ortu, Elena; Zanchetta, Giovanni; Izdebski, Adam

2016-03-01

This paper examines the interrelationship between the natural and human history of Sicily over the last 2000 years. It presents a close comparison of the data from the key multi-proxy site of Lago di Pergusa - located inland in the eastern part of Sicily - with the existing archaeological and textual evidence on the socio-economic processes. The article also includes a review of the available natural proxy archives from the Central Mediterranean. On the basis of the isotope and pollen data from the Lago di Pergusa core PRG2, we identified two humid periods (ca. 450-750 AD and ca. 1400-1800 AD) as well as a dry one (ca. 1100-1350 AD); our evidence corresponds closely with other environmental palaeoclimate proxies from the Mediterranean region. In our synthesis of the environmental, historical and archaeological evidence from southern Italy, we argue that during both periods of increased humidity - that is during the late antique-Byzantine times and during the late medieval and early modern periods - intense agricultural use of the Sicilian landscape developed on an unprecedented scale. This in turn contributed to the impressive demographic and economic expansion visible during these periods. A sudden period of aridity followed the first of these eras of humidity-related agricultural growth. This climatic shift, dated to around 750 AD, corresponds to a decrease in synanthropic taxa and a recovery of arboreal vegetation. We argue that in this case a climatic change contributed to socio-economic decline. Moreover, as this change occurred prior to the Arab invasion of Sicily in AD 827, the environmental processes may help to explain the collapse of Byzantine society on Sicily which, in turn made the Muslim conquest possible. After this event, there occurred a longer period of agricultural decline, lasting until around 1000 AD, after which we see the first signs of a slow recovery. Ongoing research in nearby archaeological sites will help defining if it was a local

The Diccionario Griego-Español and Byzantine Lexicography

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Somolinos, Juan; Rodríguez Adrados, Francisco

1992-01-01

Artículo traducido en F.R. Adrados - J. Rodríguez Somolinos (eds.), «El Diccionario Griego-Español y la lexicografía Bizantina», La lexicografía griega y el Diccionario Griego-Español, DGE. Anejo VI, Madrid, CSIC, 2005, pp.131-140

Achieving Agreement in Three Rounds with Bounded-Byzantine Faults

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Malekpour, Mahyar, R.

2017-01-01

A three-round algorithm is presented that guarantees agreement in a system of K greater than or equal to 3F+1 nodes provided each faulty node induces no more than F faults and each good node experiences no more than F faults, where, F is the maximum number of simultaneous faults in the network. The algorithm is based on the Oral Message algorithm of Lamport, Shostak, and Pease and is scalable with respect to the number of nodes in the system and applies equally to traditional node-fault model as well as the link-fault model. We also present a mechanical verification of the algorithm focusing on verifying the correctness of a bounded model of the algorithm as well as confirming claims of determinism.

Early detection of psychosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Tor Ketil; Melle, Ingrid; Auestad, B.

2011-01-01

Background During the last decades we have seen a new focus on early treatment of psychosis. Several reviews have shown that duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is correlated to better outcome. However, it is still unknown whether early treatment will lead to a better long-term outcome....... This study reports the effects of reducing DUP on 5-year course and outcome. Method During 1997–2000 a total of 281 consecutive patients aged >17 years with first episode non-affective psychosis were recruited, of which 192 participated in the 5-year follow-up. A comprehensive early detection (ED) programme...... and cognitive factors and for global assessment of functioning for social functioning at 5-year follow-up. The ED group also had more contacts with friends. Regression analysis did not find that these differences could be explained by confounders. Conclusions Early treatment had positive effects on clinical...

Early life vaccination

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nazerai, Loulieta; Bassi, Maria Rosaria; Uddbäck, Ida Elin Maria

2016-01-01

Intracellular pathogens represent a serious threat during early life. Importantly, even though the immune system of newborns may be characterized as developmentally immature, with a propensity to develop Th2 immunity, significant CD8+ T-cell responses may still be elicited in the context of optimal...... the first period of life and provide a pertinent alternative in infant vaccinology. To address this, infant mice were vaccinated with three different adenoviral vectors and the CD8+ T-cell response after early life vaccination was explored. We assessed the frequency, polyfunctionality and in vivo...... cytotoxicity of the elicited memory CD8+ T cells, as well as the potential of these cells to respond to secondary infections and confer protection. We further tested the impact of maternal immunity against our replication-deficient adenoviral vector during early life vaccination. Overall, our results indicate...

Early anaerobic metabolisms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Canfield, Donald Eugene; Rosing, Minik T; Bjerrum, Christian

2006-01-01

probably driven by the cycling of H2 and Fe2+ through primary production conducted by anoxygenic phototrophs. Interesting and dynamic ecosystems would have also been driven by the microbial cycling of sulphur and nitrogen species, but their activity levels were probably not so great. Despite the diversity......Before the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis, the biosphere was driven by anaerobic metabolisms. We catalogue and quantify the source strengths of the most probable electron donors and electron acceptors that would have been available to fuel early-Earth ecosystems. The most active ecosystems were...... of potential early ecosystems, rates of primary production in the early-Earth anaerobic biosphere were probably well below those rates observed in the marine environment. We shift our attention to the Earth environment at 3.8Gyr ago, where the earliest marine sediments are preserved. We calculate, consistent...

Early Modern Philosophical Systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

L. van Bunge (Wiep)

2014-01-01

textabstractThe occurrence of an entry on early modern philosophical systems in an encyclopaedia of Neo-Latin studies is fraught with complications, if only on account of the gradual disappearance during the early modern period of Latin as the main vehicle of philosophical communication. What

Practices for Parent Participation in Early Intervention/ Early Childhood Special Education

OpenAIRE

Acar, Serra; Akamoğlu, Yusuf

2014-01-01

The authors examined the extent to which practices for parent participation in early intervention/ early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) programs. The role of parents in the EI/ECSE is important and supported through the literature. The changing traditional family picture in the classrooms, the importance of evolving laws and regulations and recommended practices regarding parent participation are highlighted. The conceptual framework is based on the children, parents, and practitioners...

Sacral geography of Orthodox Christianity and religious tourism

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Grčić Mirko

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Introductory part of the paper briefly presents the case study of sacred geography. This scientific discipline, as a branch of cultural geography, deserves more attention due to the development of cultural tourism and the protection of cultural heritage in globalization. Aim is to systematize and display characteristics of sacred objects and places of pilgrimage in the traditional orthodox Christianity. The author hopes that this work will attract the attention of geographers and intellectual circles, and stimulate researchers to devote greater attention to this important and current issue.

Insularity and communion

OpenAIRE

Greenwood, Hilary

1997-01-01

The great comic classic of middle-English literature is the Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer, written in the last part of the fourteenth century. A party of men and women set out together on horse-back from an inn in London to make the pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket. By a happy coincidence their route will bring them past the very spot where we are gathered today. They are a mixed group: some of them are presented to us as virtuous characters, like the Clerk of Oxford and t...

Taikongs and Calos: the role of middlemen and brokers in Javanese international migration.

Science.gov (United States)

Spaan, E

1994-01-01

"This article discusses international migration from Java in the past and present and the role brokers have played in stimulating this movement. It describes legal and clandestine labor migration to Singapore, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia, the influence of employment brokers on the process, and the organization of the recruitment networks. The involvement of brokers is crucial but not always beneficial for the migrants. Migrants are dependent on the brokers and risk exploitation. In the case of movement to Saudi Arabia, there is a linkage with religious institutions and the Islamic pilgrimage." excerpt

朝鮮民話集『ネギをうえた人』と金素雲　－国際理解教育における教材開発－

OpenAIRE

田渕, 五十生

1986-01-01

In 1953　Kim So Un (1908-1981) published "The Man Who Has Planted Welsh Onions" in Japan which included thirty-four Korean folk lores. The title of this book was named after one of the thirty-four folk lores. Here is the story: Once upon a time because the people could not distinguish human beings from cows, people fought each other and killed their fellow countrymen to eat them. In grief over this situation in his homeland, one gentleman went on a pilgrimage to seek for non-belligerent countr...

Kulturní hodnoty tzv. Mariánského trojúhelníku - Sloup, Vranov, Křtiny

OpenAIRE

Bezděková, Veronika

2009-01-01

In the Moravian Karst there are three big churches consecrated to The Virgin Mary. These are visited by many pilgrims and have their own calendar of pilgrimages. They are Vranov, Křtiny and Sloup. Churches in these towns are consecrated to The Virgin Mary: Vranov commemorates the birth of The Virgin Mary, Křtiny commemorates the name of The Virgin Mary and Sloup commemorates the sufferings of The Virgin Mary. So we talk about the triangle of The Virgin Mary. This term is the main point of my ...

Science and Orthodox Christianity:

Science.gov (United States)

Nicolaidis, Efthymios; Delli, Eudoxie; Livanos, Nikolaos; Tampakis, Kostas; Vlahakis, George

2016-09-01

This essay offers an overview of the history of the relations between science and Eastern Christianity based on Greek-language sources. The civilizations concerned are the Byzantine Empire, the Christian Orthodox communities of the Ottoman Empire, and modern Greece, as a case study of a national state. Beginning with the Greek Church Fathers, the essay investigates the ideas of theologians and scholars on nature. Neoplatonism, the theological debates of Iconoclasm and Hesychasm, the proposed union of the Eastern and Western Churches, and the complex relations with the Hellenic past all had notable impacts on the conception of science held by the Byzantine Orthodox. From the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, the Christian Orthodox world did not actively participate in the making of the new science that was developing in modern Europe. It had to deal with the assimilation of scientific ideas produced by Western Christianity, and its main concern was the “legitimacy” of knowledge that did not originate directly from its own spiritual tradition. Finally, with regard to the Greek state, beyond the specific points of contact between the sciences and Orthodox Christianity—pertaining, for example, to materialism, evolution, and the calendar—the essay presents the constant background engagement with religion visible in most public pronouncements of scientists and intellectuals.

Δύο ἀνέκδοτα ἀφιερωτήρια ἔγγραφα ὑπὲρ τῆς μονῆς Θεοτόκου τῶν Κριβιτζῶν (ΙΓ΄-ΙΔ΄ αἰ.. Συμβολὴ στὴ μελέτη τῆς βυζαντινῆς Πελοποννήσου

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Έρα Λ. ΒΡΑΝΟΥΣΗ

1981-09-01

Full Text Available   Era VranoussiDeux actes de donation inédits en faveur du couvent de la Sainte Vierge dite de Krivitza (XIIIe-XIVe s..- Contribution à l'étude du Péloponnèse byzantin Edition diplomatique de deux documents inédits des années 1290/1 et 1327/8, en faveur du couvent de la Sainte Vierge, dite de Krivitza, dans le Péloponnèse, repérés dans un évangéliaire du XIIe siècle, conservé aux Météores (p. 17-27.- Suit un commentaire sur ces actes (p. 27 et suiv., notamment sur des termes rares (p. ex. le t. προβέντα, p. 31-34, sur le véritable sens des signatures des témoins (p. 28-31, 34-36, etc.- Par la suite l'a. expose l'historique de ce couvent, d'après des documents vénitiens, post-byzantins, etc. (p. 37-39.- Ce couvent a été localisé et identifié par l'a. avec un monastère abandonné (p. 39-42.- Enfin l'a. examine le cadre historique de ces documents (p. 43-47. 

Κοινωνικὲς ἀνακατατάξεις καὶ στρατὸς στὰ τέλη τοῦ Η΄ αἰώνα

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Ελεωνόρα Σ. ΚΟΥΝΤΟΥΡΑ-ΓΑΛΑΚΗ

1985-09-01

Full Text Available   Eléonora S. Countoura-GalakiLe nouveau rapport des forces sociales et l'armée vers la fin du VIlle siècle  Vers la fin du VIIIe siècle agité, la société byzantine a subi des crises violentes. Les deux partis qui se combattaient entre eux pendant la querelle des images étaient l'armée et le clergé. Les premiers empereurs Isauriens ont favorisé le renforcement de l'armée, tandis que, d'autre part, ils ont essayé de réduire la puissance du clergé et des moines. Le résultat du conflit entre l'armée et le clergé fut la domination de l'armée sur la société byzantine. Mais, à partir de 775, l'armée capitule avec le haut clergé (ses chefs du moins et ainsi se termine le premier Iconoclasme. Les vies de saints de ce temps reflètent le désespoir de repré­sentants du clergé et des moines à cause du traitement cruel des empereurs Isauriens (banissements-koinôseis et surtout de Constantin V. 

A Self-Stabilizing Hybrid-Fault Tolerant Synchronization Protocol

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Malekpour, Mahyar R.

2014-01-01

In this report we present a strategy for solving the Byzantine general problem for self-stabilizing a fully connected network from an arbitrary state and in the presence of any number of faults with various severities including any number of arbitrary (Byzantine) faulty nodes. Our solution applies to realizable systems, while allowing for differences in the network elements, provided that the number of arbitrary faults is not more than a third of the network size. The only constraint on the behavior of a node is that the interactions with other nodes are restricted to defined links and interfaces. Our solution does not rely on assumptions about the initial state of the system and no central clock nor centrally generated signal, pulse, or message is used. Nodes are anonymous, i.e., they do not have unique identities. We also present a mechanical verification of a proposed protocol. A bounded model of the protocol is verified using the Symbolic Model Verifier (SMV). The model checking effort is focused on verifying correctness of the bounded model of the protocol as well as confirming claims of determinism and linear convergence with respect to the self-stabilization period. We believe that our proposed solution solves the general case of the clock synchronization problem.

Human intestinal parasites from a Mamluk Period cesspool in the Christian quarter of Jerusalem: Potential indicators of long distance travel in the 15th century AD.

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Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Prag, Kay; Clamer, Christa; Humbert, Jean-Baptiste; Mitchell, Piers D

2015-06-01

The aim of this research is to determine which parasites were present in a mediaeval latrine from the old city of Jerusalem. This latrine contains fragments of pottery from the Middle East and also from Italy, suggesting links of some kind with Europe. Excavation identified two separate entry chutes emptying in a shared cesspool. Radiocarbon dating and pottery analysis is compatible with a date of use in the late fifteenth century and early sixteenth century. Twelve coprolites (preserved stool) and mixed cesspool sediment were analysed with light microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Six species of intestinal parasites were identified. These were the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), Taenia sp. (beef/pork/asiatic tapeworm) Diphyllobothrium sp. (fish tapeworm), and two protozoa that can cause dysentery (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis). While roundworm and whipworm were found in every sample, the other parasite species were present in only one or two samples each, suggesting that only a minority of those using the latrine were infected with those species. The role of Jerusalem as a site for long distance trade, migration or pilgrimage is considered when interpreting the Italian pottery and the parasites present, especially E. histolytica and Diphyllobothrium sp. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Early Intervention in Budapest.

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Gallai, Maria; Katona, Ferenc; Balogh, Erzsebet; Schultheisz, Judit; Deveny, Anna; Borbely, Sjoukje

2000-01-01

This article presents five models of early intervention used in Budapest. Diagnostic and treatment methods used by the Pediatric Institute and the Conductive Education System are described, along with the Deveny Special Manual Technique and Gymnastic Method, the Gezenguz method and techniques used in the Early Developmental Center. (CR)

Preventive child health care findings on early childhood predict peer-group social status in early adolescence.

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Jaspers, Merlijne; de Winter, Andrea F; Veenstra, René; Ormel, Johan; Verhulst, Frank C; Reijneveld, Sijmen A

2012-12-01

A disputed social status among peers puts children and adolescents at risk for developing a wide range of problems, such as being bullied. However, there is a lack of knowledge about which early predictors could be used to identify (young) adolescents at risk for a disputed social status. The aim of this study was to assess whether preventive child health care (PCH) findings on early childhood predict neglected and rejected status in early adolescence in a large longitudinal community-based sample. Data came from 898 participants who participated in TRAILS, a longitudinal study. Information on early childhood factors was extracted from the charts of routine PCH visits registered between infancy and age of 4 years. To assess social status, peer nominations were used at age of 10-12 years. Multinomial logistic regression showed that children who had a low birth weight, motor problems, and sleep problems; children of parents with a low educational level (odds ratios [ORs] between 1.71 and 2.90); and those with fewer attention hyperactivity problems (ORs = .43) were more likely to have a neglected status in early adolescence. Boys, children of parents with a low educational level, and children with early externalizing problems were more likely to have a rejected status in early adolescence (ORs between 1.69 and 2.56). PCH findings on early childhood-on motor and social development-are predictive of a neglected and a rejected status in early adolescence. PCH is a good setting to monitor risk factors that predict the social status of young adolescents. Copyright © 2012 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Early Intervention in Bipolar Disorder.

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Vieta, Eduard; Salagre, Estela; Grande, Iria; Carvalho, André F; Fernandes, Brisa S; Berk, Michael; Birmaher, Boris; Tohen, Mauricio; Suppes, Trisha

2018-05-01

Bipolar disorder is a recurrent disorder that affects more than 1% of the world population and usually has its onset during youth. Its chronic course is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, making bipolar disorder one of the main causes of disability among young and working-age people. The implementation of early intervention strategies may help to change the outcome of the illness and avert potentially irreversible harm to patients with bipolar disorder, as early phases may be more responsive to treatment and may need less aggressive therapies. Early intervention in bipolar disorder is gaining momentum. Current evidence emerging from longitudinal studies indicates that parental early-onset bipolar disorder is the most consistent risk factor for bipolar disorder. Longitudinal studies also indicate that a full-blown manic episode is often preceded by a variety of prodromal symptoms, particularly subsyndromal manic symptoms, therefore supporting the existence of an at-risk state in bipolar disorder that could be targeted through early intervention. There are also identifiable risk factors that influence the course of bipolar disorder, some of them potentially modifiable. Valid biomarkers or diagnosis tools to help clinicians identify individuals at high risk of conversion to bipolar disorder are still lacking, although there are some promising early results. Pending more solid evidence on the best treatment strategy in early phases of bipolar disorder, physicians should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of each intervention. Further studies will provide the evidence needed to finish shaping the concept of early intervention. AJP AT 175 Remembering Our Past As We Envision Our Future April 1925: Interpretations of Manic-Depressive Phases Earl Bond and G.E. Partridge reviewed a number of patients with manic-depressive illness in search of a unifying endo-psychic conflict. They concluded that understanding either phase of illness was "elusive" and

Children's early helping in action: Piagetian developmental theory and early prosocial behavior.

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Hammond, Stuart I

2014-01-01

After a brief overview of recent research on early helping, outlining some central problems, and issues, this paper examines children's early helping through the lens of Piagetian moral and developmental theory, drawing on Piaget's "Moral Judgment of the Child" (Piaget, 1932/1997), "Play, Dreams, and Imitation in Childhood" (Piaget, 1945/1951), and the "Grasp of Consciousness" (Piaget, 1976). Piaget refers to a level of moral development in action that precedes heteronomous and autonomous moral reasoning. This action level allows children to begin to interact with people and objects. In his later work, Piaget explores the gradual construction of understanding from this activity level. Taken together, these elements of Piagetian theory provide a promising conceptual framework for understanding the development of early helping.

Early Childhood Educators' Perceived and Actual Metalinguistic Knowledge, Beliefs and Enacted Practice about Teaching Early Reading

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Hammond, Lorraine

2015-01-01

Results of influential reports on early literacy have drawn attention to the need for early childhood educators to take up a more explicit, teacher-directed approach to beginning reading. Positive classroom results however are in part dependent upon teacher knowledge and this study investigated the relationship between early childhood educators'…

Early presentation of primary glioblastoma.

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Faguer, R; Tanguy, J-Y; Rousseau, A; Clavreul, A; Menei, P

2014-08-01

Clinical and neuroimaging findings of glioblastomas (GBM) at an early stage have rarely been described and those tumors are most probably under-diagnosed. Furthermore, their genetic alterations, to our knowledge, have never been previously reported. We report the clinical as well as neuroimaging findings of four early cases of patients with GBM. In our series, early stage GBM occurred at a mean age of 57 years. All patients had seizures as their first symptom. In all early stages, MRI showed a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted sequences and an enhancement on GdE-T1WI sequences. A hyperintense signal on diffusion sequences with a low ADC value was also found. These early observed occurrences of GBM developed rapidly and presented the MRI characteristics of classic GBM within a few weeks. The GBM size was multiplied by 32 in one month. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated the de novo nature of these tumors, i.e. absence of mutant IDH1 R132H protein expression, which is a diagnostic marker of low-grade diffuse glioma and secondary GBM. A better knowledge of early GBM presentation would allow a more suitable management of the patients and may improve their prognosis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Moved by Mary: the power of pilgrimage in the modern world

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hermkens, A.K.; Jansen, W.H.M.; Notermans, C.D.

2009-01-01

The Virgin Mary continues to attract devotees to her images and shrines. In Moved by Mary, anthropologists, geographers and historians explore how people and groups around the world identify and join with Mary in their struggle against social injustice, and how others mobilize Mary to impose ideas

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS IN THE RUSSIAN IDEAS IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY

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Labanov Sergey Sergeevich

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The given paper for the first time explores the ideas of architecture expressed by Russian thinkers of the first half of the 19th century: K.N. Batyushkov, N.M. Karamzin, Lyubomudry, A.S. Pushkin, A.S. Griboyedov, A.S. Khomyakov, I.V. Kireyevsky, representatives of the theory of official nationality, N.V. Kukolnik, P.Ya. Chaadayev, their evaluation of architectural styles of the ancient, Byzantine architecture, Gothic style, Romantic period.

Knots in Art

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Radmila Sazdanović

2012-06-01

Full Text Available We analyze applications of knots and links in the Ancient art, beginning from Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek, Byzantine and Celtic art. Construction methods used in art are analyzed on the examples of Celtic art and ethnical art of Tchokwe people from Angola or Tamil art, where knots are constructed as mirror-curves. We propose different methods for generating knots and links based on geometric polyhedra, suitable for applications in architecture and sculpture.

Proceedings of the Annual Military Librarians’ Workshop (31st): Information Management and Intelligence Held in Washington, D.C. on 20-23 October 1987

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1987-10-23

marks an important step forward in the transformation of the worn out late Roman Empire into the new and vigorous organization of the Medieval ...presumably read and used. The fact that officers in the Byzantine Army had to be able to read and write by itself sets it apart from other medieval ... Literatura Washington: Central Intelligence Agency, 1955. 13. GRABO, Cynthia M. W~arn g•J.~jttliancxA McLean, Virginia: Association of Former Intelligence

Blockchain Consensus Protocols in the Wild (Keynote Talk)

OpenAIRE

Cachin, Christian; Vukolic, Marko

2017-01-01

A blockchain is a distributed ledger for recording transactions, maintained by many nodes without central authority through a distributed cryptographic protocol. All nodes validate the information to be appended to the blockchain, and a consensus protocol ensures that the nodes agree on a unique order in which entries are appended. Consensus protocols for tolerating Byzantine faults have received renewed attention because they also address blockchain systems. This work discusses the process o...

Blockchain Consensus Protocols in the Wild

OpenAIRE

Cachin, Christian; Vukolić, Marko

2017-01-01

A blockchain is a distributed ledger for recording transactions, maintained by many nodes without central authority through a distributed cryptographic protocol. All nodes validate the information to be appended to the blockchain, and a consensus protocol ensures that the nodes agree on a unique order in which entries are appended. Consensus protocols for tolerating Byzantine faults have received renewed attention because they also address blockchain systems. This work discusses the process o...

Erster und zweiter Sieger. Zum Byzantinisch-Karolingischen bündnis bezüglich Bari 870-871

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Kislinger Ewald

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The growth of Arab power in Southern Italy and even Dalmatia menaced the Byzantine Empire as well as Carolingian Italy and led both to an alliance in 869/870. Their attempt, however, to conquer Bari in a joint attack failed in 870 (not 869 due to a lack of coordination. An exchange of letters, which followed between Basil I and Louis II, reveals cultural and ideological alienation between christian East and West.

Efficiency of Public Administration Management in Cultural Heritage Protection.

OpenAIRE

Nozharov, Shteryo

2017-01-01

The publication analyzes the possibilities of building a model for effective public administration management in the field of cultural heritage protection using McKinsey 7S model. Bulgaria is a country with rich cultural and archaeological heritage since Roman and Byzantine times. Significant number of cultural monuments are located on the territory of the country and are officially recognized as “world cultural heritage” by UNESCO. In this regard, the failures of Bulgarian cultural heritage ...

Nozharov Sht.,”Efficiency of human resources management in the field of cultural heritage protection”, Conference Proceedings-XIII International Scientific conference “Management and Engineering ‘15”, TU-Sofia, Volume I, 2015, pp.404-413;

OpenAIRE

Nozharov, Shteryo

2015-01-01

The publication analyzes the possibilities of building a model for effective public administration management in the field of cultural heritage protection using 7S - model of McKinsey. Bulgaria is a country with rich cultural-archaeological heritage since Roman and Byzantine times. Significant numbers of cultural monuments are located on the territory of the country and are declared as “world cultural heritage” by UNESCO. In this regard, the failures of Bulgarian cultural heritage protection ...

The Romantic and the Intentional Forms of Art: Meta-historical Cut, Cultural Identification

OpenAIRE

Alexander Opanasiuk

2017-01-01

In the context of regularity of the procedural being of world culture in the last (conditionally) 5000-year meta-period there can be defined the context, the principles of the artistic expression, the dimensional borders, the characteristics of romantic and intentional forms of art. Ancient cultures express the context of symbolic formation, the Antique one expresses the classical; the Byzantine and the European cultures in accordance position as the romantic-semantic, generally-romantic, int...

О «пещере Парфенон» в Херсонесе / About the “Parthenon Сave” in Chersonesos

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Sorochan S.B.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The problem of localization of the “Parthenon Cave” reported by the “Lives of the Bishops of Cherson” has repeatedly been the subject of scientific research. As a result, many versions were made for scientific discussion in the opinion of their creators, which made it possible to determine its location. My research was conducted to analyze these hypotheses. Having studied the issue, I come to the conclusion that the data of the topography of Chersonesos—Cherson make it possible to most convincingly link the sought-after monument with the Martyrium with the underground crypt in quarter III in the eastern part of the city. The sanctuary that existed here a few dozen meters from the temenos Parthenon is possible from the end of the Hellenistic era or from the first centuries CE. In the 4th century. it was abandoned and in its place arose the economic complex of early Byzantine times. Then, after events unknown to us, most likely connected with the pious searches of townspeople by their Christian relics, it again became the place of worship of Christians who arranged their sacred places in return for pagan ones.

A multidisciplinary study of archaeological grape seeds

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Cappellini, Enrico; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Geuna, Filippo; Fiorentino, Girolamo; Hall, Allan; Thomas-Oates, Jane; Ashton, Peter D.; Ashford, David A.; Arthur, Paul; Campos, Paula F.; Kool, Johan; Willerslev, Eske; Collins, Matthew J.

2010-02-01

We report here the first integrated investigation of both ancient DNA and proteins in archaeobotanical samples: medieval grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) seeds, preserved by anoxic waterlogging, from an early medieval (seventh-eighth century A.D.) Byzantine rural settlement in the Salento area (Lecce, Italy) and a late (fourteenth-fifteenth century A.D.) medieval site in York (England). Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry documented good carbohydrate preservation, whilst amino acid analysis revealed approximately 90% loss of the original protein content. In the York sample, mass spectrometry-based sequencing identified several degraded ancient peptides. Nuclear microsatellite locus (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, ZAG62 and ZAG79) analysis permitted a tentative comparison of the genetic profiles of both the ancient samples with the modern varieties. The ability to recover microsatellite DNA has potential to improve biomolecular analysis on ancient grape seeds from archaeological contexts. Although the investigation of five microsatellite loci cannot assign the ancient samples to any geographic region or modern cultivar, the results allow speculation that the material from York was not grown locally, whilst the remains from Supersano could represent a trace of contacts with the eastern Mediterranean.

History of early atomic clocks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramsey, N.F.

2005-01-01

This review of the history of early atomic clocks includes early atomic beam magnetic resonance, methods of separated and successive oscillatory fields, microwave absorption, optical pumping and atomic masers. (author)

Resilience in mathematics after early brain injury: The roles of parental input and early plasticity.

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Glenn, Dana E; Demir-Lira, Özlem Ece; Gibson, Dominic J; Congdon, Eliza L; Levine, Susan C

2018-04-01

Children with early focal unilateral brain injury show remarkable plasticity in language development. However, little is known about how early brain injury influences mathematical learning. Here, we examine early number understanding, comparing cardinal number knowledge of typically developing children (TD) and children with pre- and perinatal lesions (BI) between 42 and 50 months of age. We also examine how this knowledge relates to the number words children hear from their primary caregivers early in life. We find that children with BI, are, on average, slightly behind TD children in both cardinal number knowledge and later mathematical performance, and show slightly slower learning rates than TD children in cardinal number knowledge during the preschool years. We also find that parents' "number talk" to their toddlers predicts later mathematical ability for both TD children and children with BI. These findings suggest a relatively optimistic story in which neural plasticity is at play in children's mathematical development following early brain injury. Further, the effects of early number input suggest that intervening to enrich the number talk that children with BI hear during the preschool years could narrow the math achievement gap. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Μία περίπτωση ἐφαρμογῆς τοῦ βυζαντινοῦ θεσμοῦ τοῦ ἀσύλου στήν Πελοπόννησο: Ἡ προσφυγή τῶν Σλάβων στό ναό τοῦ Ἁγίου Ανδρέα Πατρῶν

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Ηλίας ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΤΑΚΗΣ

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Ilias Anagnostakis and Anna LambropoulouAn instance of the implementation of the Byzantine institution of asylum in the Peloponnese: the Slavs seek sanctuary in the Church of St Andrew of PatraiThe events which took place in the Peloponnese in the early ninth century (c. 800 are recorded in later sources, mostly of the tenth century. Following the establishment of the theme system of territorial administration and the securing of ecclesiastical order in the region, the emperor Nikephoros I, in implementing his new fiscal and economic policy, took steps to increase the number of inhabitants by systematically encouraging the settlement of new population groups from outside the area. It was within this general context and during this same period that the rebellion of the Slavs in Achaia, as described by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, needs to be viewed. Clearly, also, the phenomenon needs to be seen within the context of the specific social climate of the region where radical change was taking place and significant breaks with the past were occurring. During the repression of the rebellion the Slavs sought sanctuary in the church of the Apostle Andrew. As a result of this move, however, the rebels were given special treatment as they were viewed as having repented their actions. This was an occurrence whose more general implications are worthy of further study. Looked at from the broader ecclesiastical and political perspective, there are certain characteristic features to be noted in the attitudes towards asylum and the priority ascribed to ecclesiastical over civil law in Constantinople at the end of the eighth and the beginning of the ninth centuries. At the beginning of the ninth century, during the reign of Nikephoros I and while Tarasios was on the patriarchal throne (784-806, the flight of the defeated Slavs to the Church of St Andrew and the relative leniency that was shown them by the state suggest that here we are dealing with an

Homologous series of induced early mutants in indican rice. Pt.1. The production of homologous series of early mutants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Xiulan; Yang Hefeng; He Zhentian; Han Yuepeng; Liu Xueyu

1999-01-01

The percentage of homologous series of early mutants induced from the same Indican rice variety were almost the same (1.37%∼1.64%) in 1983∼1993, but the ones from the different eco-typical varieties were different. The early variety was 0.73%, the mid variety was 1.51%, and the late variety was 1.97%. The percentage of homologous series of early mutants from the varieties with the same pedigree and relationship were similar, but the one from the cog nation were lower than those from distant varieties. There are basic laws and characters in the homologous series of early mutants: 1. The inhibited phenotype is the basic of the homologous series of early mutants; 2. The production of the homologous series of early mutants is closely related with the growing period of the parent; 3. The parallel mutation of the stem and leaves are simultaneously happened with the variation of early or late maturing; 4. The occurrence of the homologous series of early mutants is in a state of imbalance. According to the law of parallel variability, the production of homologous series of early mutants can be predicted as long as the parents' classification of plant, pedigree and ecological type are identified. Therefore, the early breeding can be guided by the law of homologous series of early mutants

The Nazarov Complex of the Lower Don: on Zoroastrianism of the Khazar Ethnos

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Leonid S. Ilyukov

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Among the early medieval antiquities of the Lower Don basin, two funerary complexes are of interest. One was accidentally discovered in 1914 in the Cossack village Nazarov, and the other – near the settlement Bolshaya Orlovka in 1972. Based upon the Byzantine solidities, found in their inventory, they date from the first half of the 8th century. Two iron lamps in the form of bowls on a high leg were found in these funerary complexes along with a diverse and prestigious inventory. In addition to them, two iron composite altars of different sizes were found in the Bolshaya Orlovka. In the early medieval burial mound near the Brusyana village in the Volga region a solidcast iron lamp-altar was found, consisting of a bowl in the form of a concave disc on a long leg, which was welded in the center of a hexagonal bowl with low straight sides and a flat bottom. Short legs are located at its three corners. Typologically Brusian discovery was later then those of the Nazarov and the Bolshaya Orlovka. It unites the altar, consisting of threebowls with low straight bows and a flat bottom, with a lamp. Short legs are located at its three corners of the bowls. These were specific bowls that were used to carry fire during rituals of steppe nomads who had close cultural contacts with the fire worshipers of Sasanid Iran, whose population professed Zoroastrianism.

Early Life Exposures and Cancer

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Early-life events and exposures have important consequences for cancer development later in life, however, epidemiological studies of early-life factors and cancer development later in life have had significant methodological challenges.

Maternal separation with early weaning: a novel mouse model of early life neglect

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Elwafi Hani M

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Childhood adversity is associated with increased risk for mood, anxiety, impulse control, and substance disorders. Although genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of such disorders, the neurobiological mechanisms involved are poorly understood. A reliable mouse model of early life adversity leading to lasting behavioral changes would facilitate progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects. Maternal separation is a commonly used model of early life neglect, but has led to inconsistent results in the mouse. Results In an effort to develop a mouse model of early life neglect with long-lasting behavioral effects in C57BL/6 mice, we designed a new maternal separation paradigm that we call Maternal Separation with Early Weaning (MSEW. We tested the effects of MSEW on C57BL/6 mice as well as the genetically distinct DBA/2 strain and found significant MSEW effects on several behavioral tasks (i.e., the open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swim test when assessed more than two months following the MSEW procedure. Our findings are consistent with MSEW causing effects within multiple behavioral domains in both strains, and suggest increased anxiety, hyperactivity, and behavioral despair in the MSEW offspring. Analysis of pup weights and metabolic parameters showed no evidence for malnutrition in the MSEW pups. Additionally, strain differences in many of the behavioral tests suggest a role for genetic factors in the response to early life neglect. Conclusions These results suggest that MSEW may serve as a useful model to examine the complex behavioral abnormalities often apparent in individuals with histories of early life neglect, and may lead to greater understanding of these later life outcomes and offer insight into novel therapeutic strategies.

Early anthropometric indices predict short stature and overweight status in a cohort of Peruvians in early adolescence

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Sterling, Robie; Miranda, J Jaime; Gilman, Robert H; Cabrera, Lilia; Sterling, Charles R; Bern, Caryn; Checkley, William

2014-01-01

While childhood malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, less well understood is how early childhood growth influences height and body composition later in life. We revisited 152 Peruvian children who participated in a birth cohort study between 1995 and 1998, and obtained anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements 11 to 14 years later. We used multivariable regression models to study the effects of childhood anthropometric indices on height and body composition in early adolescence. Each standard deviation decrease in length-for-age at birth was associated with a decrease in adolescent height-for-age of 0.7 SD in both boys and girls (all poverweight in early adolescence. Linear growth retardation in early childhood is a strong determinant of adolescent stature, indicating that, in developing countries, growth failure in height during early childhood persists through early adolescence. Interventions addressing linear growth retardation in childhood are likely to improve adolescent stature and related-health outcomes in adulthood. PMID:22552904

Early Identification of Reading Difficulties

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Poulsen, Mads; Nielsen, Anne-Mette Veber; Juul, Holger

2017-01-01

Early screening for reading difficulties before the onset of instruction is desirable because it allows intervention that is targeted at prevention rather than remediation of reading difficulties. However, early screening may be too inaccurate to effectively allocate resources to those who need...... them. The present study compared the accuracy of early screening before the onset of formal reading instruction with late screening six months into the first year of instruction. The study followed 164 Danish students from the end of Grade 0 to the end of Grade 2. Early screening included measures...... of phonemic awareness, rapid naming, letter knowledge, paired associate learning, and reading. Late screening included only reading. Results indicated that reading measures improved substantially as predictors over the first six months of Grade 1, to the point where late reading measures alone provided...

Early- versus Late-Onset Dysthymia

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Sansone, Lori A.

2009-01-01

In the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, dysthymic disorder is categorized as either early-onset or late-onset, based upon the emergence of symptoms before or after the age of 21, respectively. Does this diagnostic distinction have any meaningful clinical implications? In this edition of The Interface, we present empirical studies that have, within a single study, compared individuals with early-versus late-onset dysthymia. In this review, we found that, compared to those with late-onset dysthymia, early-onset patients are more likely to harbor psychiatric comorbidity both on Axis I and II, exhibit less psychological resilience, and have more prominent family loadings for mood disorders. These findings suggest that this distinction is meaningful and that the early-onset subtype of dysthymia is more difficult to effectively treat. PMID:20049145

Effect of socioeconomic status disparity on child language and neural outcome: how early is early?

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Hurt, Hallam; Betancourt, Laura M

2016-01-01

It is not news that poverty adversely affects child outcome. The literature is replete with reports of deleterious effects on developmental outcome, cognitive function, and school performance in children and youth. Causative factors include poor nutrition, exposure to toxins, inadequate parenting, lack of cognitive stimulation, unstable social support, genetics, and toxic environments. Less is known regarding how early in life adverse effects may be detected. This review proposes to elucidate "how early is early" through discussion of seminal articles related to the effect of socioeconomic status on language outcome and a discussion of the emerging literature on effects of socioeconomic status disparity on brain structure in very young children. Given the young ages at which such outcomes are detected, the critical need for early targeted interventions for our youngest is underscored. Further, the fiscal reasonableness of initiating quality interventions supports these initiatives. As early life adversity produces lasting and deleterious effects on developmental outcome and brain structure, increased focus on programs and policies directed to reducing the impact of socioeconomic disparities is essential.