The fluorite-pyrochlore transformation of Ho2-yNdyZr2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Clements, Richard; Hester, James R.; Kennedy, Brendan J.; Ling, Chris D.; Stampfl, Anton P.J.
2011-01-01
Twelve members of the Ho 2-y Nd y Zr 2 O 7 series, prepared using conventional solid state methods, have been characterised by neutron powder diffraction. Ho 2 Zr 2 O 7 has a defect fluorite structure whereas Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 is found to adopt the ordered pyrochlore structure with the composition induced fluorite-pyrochlore transformation occurring near y=1. Rietveld analysis on the neutron data for all the compositions reveals an increase in lattice parameter as a function of y across the entire series, with a small discontinuity associated with the transformation. The neutron profile results suggest that domains of pyrochlore-type initially begin to form before crystallising into a separate phase, and therefore that anion and cation ordering processes are distinct. There is a strong correlation between the extent of disorder in the anion sublattice and the x-parameter of 48f oxygen. These results point the way to a better understanding of the stability observed in pyrochlore structures. - Graphical abstract: Neutron diffraction profiles for Nd 2-y Ho y Zr 2 O 7 type oxides reveal details of the transformation from the ordered pyrochlore structure (y=0) to the disordered fluorite structure (y=2). Highlights: → Structures of twelve members of the Ho 2-y Nd y Zr 2 O 7 series studied using neutron powder diffraction. → Domains of pyrochlore-type materials form at low doping levels. → Higher doping stabilises the pyrochlore. → Anion and cation ordering processes are distinct.
Speciation of uranium in La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} pyrochlore by TRPLS
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mohapatra, M.; Rajeswari, B.; Hon, N. S.; Kadam, R. M., E-mail: rmkadam@barc.gov.in; Natarajan, V. [Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085 (India)
2015-06-24
We discuss the speciation of uranium in lanthanum zirconate (La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} =LZO) pyrochlore ceramic prepared via a gel-combustion route. Uranium concentration in the pyrochlore was optimized to 2 mol%. XRD and SEM experiments were carried out to assess the phase and homogeneity of the prepared samples. Time resolved photoluminescence (TRPLS) investigations were carried out for understanding the species stabilized in the pyrochlore host. It was observed that, uranium exists as uranate ion (UO{sub 6}{sup 6−}) in the zirconate host where it replaces the ‘Zr’ ions at its regular site with surrounding defect centers created for charge compensation.
Atomic disorder in Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} pyrochlore
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, F. X. [State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004 (China); Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (United States); Lang, M. [Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States); Ewing, R. C. [Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States)
2015-05-11
Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} pyrochlore with different degrees of cation disorder were synthesized by isothermal annealing at various temperatures (1100–1550 °C), and the related changes in the structure were investigated by ambient and high pressure x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Unit cell parameters increase almost linearly with increasing treatment temperature. The degree of cation order in pyrochlore also increases with the increase of temperature, but saturates at ∼60%. The compressibility of the pyrochlore structures decreases when the degree of cation order increases. High pressure XRD measurements also indicate that the phase stability of Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} is not very sensitive to the degree of atomic disorder in the pyrochlore structure.
Multifunctional Sm2-xDyxZr2O7 pyrochlore system: potential ionic conductors and photocatalysts
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Grover, V.; Sayed, Farheen N.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Jain, D.; Pillai, C.G.S.; Tyagi, A.K.; Arya, A.
2010-01-01
Full text: Pyrochlores have garnered considerable interest over the years because of a range of potentially useful properties such as fast-ion (mainly anion) conductivity, electrical conductivity, catalysis, luminescence etc. In present work a series of Sm 2-x Dy x Zr 2 O 7 compounds (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) were synthesized by gel combustion and characterized by Powder XRD and Raman spectroscopic studies. XRD studies revealed the system to be single-phasic throughout with the retention of pyrochlore phase till 40 mol% of Dy 3+ beyond which, an order-disorder phase transition occurred resulting in a defect fluorite structure. Surprisingly, Raman studies showed the retention of pyrochlore type ordering till the other end member, i.e. Dy 2 Zr 2 O 7 . This is the first study, which reports the retention of a weak pyrochlore type superstructure in Dy 2 Zr 2 O 7 system. Ionic conductivity measurements were performed on these samples, which showed that the activation Energy (E a ) increases with increase in Dy 3+ mol% owing to the decreased mobility with increasing degree of disorder. The representative nquist Plots are given for Sm 2 Zr 2 O 7 . These materials have a definite band gap absorbing mainly in the UV region which makes them good candidates for photocatalysed dye degradation studies. Potential of some of these compositions as photocatalysts was also explored and they were found to efficiently catalyse the degradation of Xylenol Orange with t 1/2 decreasing from pure Sm 2 Zr 2 O 7 to pure Dy 2 Zr 2 O 7
Theoretical study of disorder in Ti-substituted La2Zr2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chartier, Alain; Meis, Constantin; Weber, William J.; Corrales, L. Rene
2002-01-01
Pyrochlores have the striking feature that their radiation resistance is highly dependent on their composition. In this work, the propensity of a pyrochlore to transform to a cation-disordered structure and the influence of titanium ions is ascertained from the mechanisms of defect formation. A detailed study of defect formation and migration activation energies in Ti-substituted La 2 Zr 2 O 7 is carried out by modern theoretical computational methods that include the use of a classical interatomic potential with a modified shell model to capture the effects of local charge transfer. The results show that La 2 Zr 2 O 7 has a tendency towards cation disorder, whereas, substitution of Zr with Ti makes this tendency energetically less favorable
Scintillation properties of Zr co-doped Ce:(Gd, La)_2Si_2O_7 grown by the Czochralski process
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Murakami, Rikito; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Shoji, Yasuhiro; Jary, Vitezslav; Ohashi, Yuji; Pejchal, Jan; Yokota, Yuui; Kamada, Kei; Nikl, Martin; Yoshikawa, Akira
2016-01-01
(Gd_0_._7_5,Ce_0_._0_1_5,La_0_._2_3_5)_2Si_2O_7 (Ce:La-GPS) single crystals co-doped with 0, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm Zr were grown by the Czochralski process, and their scintillation properties were investigated. We investigated the co-doping effect of a stable tetravalent ion in Ce:La-GPS for the first time. The scintillation decay times in the faster component were shortened with increasing the Zr concentration. While the non-co-doped sample showed ∼63 ns day time, the Zr 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm co-doped samples showed ∼61, ∼59, ∼57, ∼54 ns, respectively. Additionally, light output, photon nonproportional response (PNR) and other optical properties were investigated. - Highlights: • Czochralski growth of Ce:(Gd,La)_2Si_2O_7 single crystals. • Co-doping effect of a stable tetravalent ion in Ce:(Gd,La)_2Si_2O_7 system. • Photon nonproportional response of Zr co-doped Ce:(Gd,La)_2Si_2O_7.
Interface formation and defect structures in epitaxial La2Zr2O7 thin films on (111) Si
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Seo, J.W.; Fompeyrine, J.; Guiller, A.; Norga, G.; Marchiori, C.; Siegwart, H.; Locquet, J.-P.
2003-01-01
We have studied the growth of epitaxial La 2 Zr 2 O 7 thin films on (111) Si. Although the interface structure can be strongly affected by the Si oxidation during the deposition process, epitaxial growth of La 2 Zr 2 O 7 was obtained. A detailed study by means of transmission electron microscopy reveals two types of structures (pyrochlore and fluorite) with the same average chemical composition but strong differences in reactivity and interface formation. The structural complexity of the ordered pyrochlore structure seems to prevent excess oxygen diffusion and interfacial SiO 2 formation
Synthesis and electrical properties of the pyrochlore-type Gd2-yLayZr2O7 solid solution
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
León, C.
2008-06-01
Full Text Available Different compositions in the pyrochlore-type Gd2-yLayZr2O7 solid solution (0 ≤ y ≤ 1 were prepared at room-temperature by mechanically milling stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding oxides. Irrespective of their lanthanum content, as-prepared powder samples consist of single-phase anion deficient fluorite materials, although long-range ordering of cations and anion vacancies characteristic of pyrochlores was observed in all cases after firing the samples at 1500°C. Interestingly, activation energy for oxygen migration in the series decreases as La-content increases, from 1.13 eV for Gd2Zr2O7 to 0.81 eV for GdLaZr2O7, whereas ionic conductivity was found to be almost La-content independent, at least for y ≤ 0.8 at T = 500°C and y ≤ 0.4 at T = 800°C. These results are explained in terms of weaker ion-ion interactions in better ordered structures (i.e., as La-content increases and highlight the importance of structural ordering/disordering in determining the dynamics of mobile oxygen ions.Partiendo de mezclas estequiométricas de los óxidos correspondientes, se prepararon por molienda mecánica y a temperatura ambiente diferentes composiciones en la solución sólida Gd2-yLayZr2O7 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1 con estructura de tipo pirocloro y conductora de iones oxígeno. Independientemente del contenido de lantano, los polvos extraídos del molino presentaron difractogramas similares al de una fluorita no estequiométrica aunque en todos los casos, el tratamiento térmico a 1500°C indujo la aparición del ordenamiento de largo alcance de cationes y vacancias aniónicas característico de pirocloros. La energía de activación para el proceso de migración de iones oxígeno en la serie disminuye a medida que se incrementa el contenido de lantano, desde 1.13 eV de Gd2Zr2O7 hasta 0.81 eV de GdLaZr2O7, mientras que la conductividad resultó ser prácticamente independiente del mismo hasta y ≤ 0.8 para T = 500°C e y ≤ 0.4 para T = 800
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Mohapatra, M., E-mail: manojm@barc.gov.in; Rajeswari, B.; Hon, N.S.; Kadam, R.M.; Natarajan, V.
2015-10-15
Lanthanum zirconate (La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}=LZO) pyrochlores doped with varying concentrations of Eu were synthesized using a low temperature gel-combustion synthesis route and characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic and photoluminescence techniques. The final annealing temperature of the system could be brought down to 700 °C to produce a single phase compound. In addition, the optimum activator ion concentration for maximum luminescence yield was evaluated for the system. The site occupancy for the Eu ions was also investigated which suggested that at 500 °C, the ions were on the surface of the LZO host and later diffused into the lattice and replaced the La{sup 3+} ions on annealing at 700 °C 5 h. However, due to difference in the ionic radii, the doped RE ions were of the inversion center forming a D{sub 2d} symmetry around them. For the first time the radiative properties and the commercial utility of the LZO system have been investigated. These parameters were used to get an idea about the M–L bond covalency in the system. The radiative properties suggested the system can be used as a potential ‘red’ emitting phosphor. - Highlights: • Synthesis of lanthanum zirconate pyrochlores doped with Eu using gel-combustion route. • Optimization of dopant ion concentration and annealing temperature and evaluation of its local site symmetry. • Evaluation of various photo-physical properties for the Eu-LZO system to investigate the M–L bond covalency. • Investigation of the commercial utility of the system by calculating the color coordinates. • Comparison of the emission properties with commercial sample.
Damage evolution of ion irradiated defected-fluorite La 2 Zr 2 O 7 epitaxial thin films
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kaspar, Tiffany C.; Gigax, Jonathan G.; Shao, Lin; Bowden, Mark E.; Varga, Tamas; Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam; Spurgeon, Steven R.; Yan, Pengfei; Wang, Chongmin; Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Henager, Charles H.
2017-05-01
Pyrochlore-structure oxides, A2B2O7, may exhibit remarkable radiation tolerance due to the ease with which they can accommodate disorder by transitioning to a defected fluorite structure. The mechanism of defect formation was explored by evaluating the radiation damage behavior of high quality epitaxial La2Zr2O7 thin films with the defected fluorite structure, irradiated with 1 MeV Zr+ at doses up to 10 displacements per atom (dpa). The level of film damage was evaluated as a function of dose by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in the channeling geometry (RBS/c) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). At lower doses, the surface of the La2Zr2O7 film amorphized, and the amorphous fraction as a function of dose fit well to a stimulated amorphization model. As the dose increased, the surface amorphization slowed, and amorphization appeared at the interface. Even at a dose of 10 dpa, the core of the film remained crystalline, despite the prediction of amorphization from the model. To inform future ab initio simulations of La2Zr2O7, the bandgap of a thick La2Zr2O7 film was measured to be indirect at 4.96 eV, with a direct transition at 5.60 eV.
De Los Santos, Desiré M; Navas, Javier; Aguilar, Teresa; Sánchez-Coronilla, Antonio; Fernández-Lorenzo, Concha; Alcántara, Rodrigo; Piñero, Jose Carlos; Blanco, Ginesa; Martín-Calleja, Joaquín
2015-01-01
Tm-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using a water-controlled hydrolysis reaction. Analysis was performed in order to determine the influence of the dopant concentration and annealing temperature on the phase, crystallinity, and electronic and optical properties of the resulting material. Various characterization techniques were utilized such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. For the samples annealed at 773 and 973 K, anatase phase TiO2 was obtained, predominantly internally doped with Tm(3+). ICP-AES showed that a doping concentration of up to 5.8 atom % was obtained without reducing the crystallinity of the samples. The presence of Tm(3+) was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy: the incorporation of Tm(3+) was confirmed by the generation of new absorption bands that could be assigned to Tm(3+) transitions. Furthermore, when the samples were annealed at 1173 K, a pyrochlore phase (Tm2Ti2O7) mixed with TiO2 was obtained with a predominant rutile phase. The photodegradation of methylene blue showed that this pyrochlore phase enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the rutile phase.
Mechanical Properties of Layered La2Zr2O7 Thermal Barrier Coatings
Guo, Xingye; Li, Li; Park, Hyeon-Myeong; Knapp, James; Jung, Yeon-Gil; Zhang, Jing
2018-04-01
Lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7) has been proposed as a promising thermal barrier coating (TBC) material due to its low thermal conductivity and high stability at high temperatures. In this work, both single and double-ceramic-layer (DCL) TBC systems of La2Zr2O7 and 8 wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) were prepared using air plasma spray (APS) technique. The thermomechanical properties and microstructure were investigated. Thermal gradient mechanical fatigue (TGMF) tests were applied to investigate the thermal cycling performance. The results showed that DCL La2Zr2O7 + 8YSZ TBC samples lasted fewer cycles compared with single-layered 8YSZ TBC samples in TGMF tests. This is because DCL La2Zr2O7 TBC samples had higher residual stress during the thermal cycling process, and their fracture toughness was lower than that of 8YSZ. Bond strength test results showed that 8YSZ TBC samples had higher bond strength compared with La2Zr2O7. The erosion rate of La2Zr2O7 TBC samples was higher than that of 8YSZ samples, due to the lower critical erodent velocity and fracture toughness of La2Zr2O7. DCL porous 8YSZ + La2Zr2O7 had a lower erosion rate than other SCL and DCL La2Zr2O7 coatings, suggesting that porous 8YSZ serves as a stress-relief buffer layer.
Cai, Lili; Ma, Wen; Ma, Bole; Guo, Feng; Chen, Weidong; Dong, Hongying; Shuang, Yingchai
2017-08-01
La2Zr2O7-SrZrO3 composite thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were prepared by air plasma spray (APS). The La2Zr2O7-SrZrO3 composite TBCs covered with calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS) powder, as well as the powder mixture of CMAS and spray-dried La2Zr2O7-SrZrO3 composite powder, were heat-treated at 1250 °C in air for 1, 4, 8, and 12 h. The phase constituents and microstructures of the reaction products were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the La2Zr2O7-SrZrO3 composite TBCs had higher CMAS resistance than 8YSZ coating. A dense new layer developed between CMAS and La2Zr2O7-SrZrO3 composite TBCs during interaction, and this new layer consisted mostly of apatite (Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2) and c-ZrO2. The newly developed layer effectively protected the La2Zr2O7-SrZrO3 composite TBCs from further CMAS attack.
C60 and U ion irradiation of Gd2TixZr2-xO7 pyrochlore
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, Jiaming; Toulemonde, Marcel; Lang, Maik; Costantini, Jean Marc; Della-Negra, Serge; Ewing, Rodney C.
2015-08-01
Gd2TixZr2-xO7 (x = 0 to 2) pyrochlore was irradiated by 30 MeV C60 clusters, which provide an extremely high ionizing energy density. Here, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a complex ion-track structure in Gd2Ti2O7 and Gd2TiZrO7, consisting of an amorphous core and a shell of a disordered, defect-fluorite structure.
Crystal-field study of magnetization and specific heat properties of frustrated pyrochlore Pr2Zr2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Alam, J.; Jana, Y.M.; Biswas, A. Ali
2016-01-01
The experimental results of temperature dependent dc magnetic susceptibility, field dependent isothermal magnetization, magnetic specific heat and entropy of the pyrochlore Pr 2 Zr 2 O 7 are simulated and analyzed using appropriate D 3d crystal-field (CF) and anisotropic molecular field tensors at Pr-sites in the self-consistent mean-field approach involving four magnetically non-equivalent rare-earth spins on the tetrahedral unit of the pyrochlore structure. CF level pattern and wave-functions of the ground 3 H 4 multiplet of the Pr 3+ ions are obtained considering intermediate coupling between different Russell-Saunders terms of the 4f 2 electronic configurations of Pr-ion and J-mixing effects. CF analysis shows that the CF ground-state of the Pr 3+ ion in Pr 2 Zr 2 O 7 is a well-isolated doublet, with significant admixtures of terms coming from |M J =±4〉 and |M J =±1〉, and the Pr-spins are effectively Ising-like along the local <111> axes. Magnetic specific heat in zero-field is simulated by considering a temperature dependence of the exchange splitting of the ground doublet. - Highlights: • Full CF diagonalization using intermediate coupling and J-mixing. • Pr-spins are Ising-like along local [111] axis. • Magnetic specific heat is due to temperature dependence exchange splitting of ground CF doublet.
Nandi, S.; Jana, Y. M.; Gupta, H. C.
2018-04-01
A short-range electrostatic forcefield model has been applied for the first time to investigate the Raman and infrared wave numbers in pyrochlore zirconates R2Zr2O7 (R3+ = La, Nd, Sm, Eu). The calculations of phonons involve five stretching and four bending force constants in the Wilson GF matrix method. The calculated phonon wave numbers are in reasonable agreement with the observed spectra in infrared and Raman excitation zones for all of these isomorphous compounds. The contributions of force constants to each mode show a similar trend of variation for all of these compounds. Furthermore, to validate the established forcefield model, we calculated the standard thermodynamic functions, e.g., molar heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy, and compared the results with the previous experimental data for each compound. Using the derived wave numbers for the acoustic and optical modes, the total phonon contribution to the heat capacity was calculated for all these zirconate compounds. The Schottky heat capacity contributions were also calculated for the magnetic compounds, Nd2Zr2O7, Sm2Zr2O7 and Eu2Zr2O7, taking account of crystal-field level schemes of the lanthanide ions. The derived total heat capacity and the integrated values of molar entropy and molar enthalpy showed satisfactory correlations at low temperatures with the experimental results available in the literature for these compounds. At higher temperatures, the discrepancies may be caused by the anharmonic effects of vibrations, phonon dispersion, distribution of phonon density of states, etc.
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Wahid, Kareem; Pokhrel, Madhab; Mao, Yuanbing, E-mail: yuanbing.mao@utrgv.edu
2017-01-15
This study presents the structural, optical, and radioluminescent characterization of newly synthesized europium-doped lanthanum hafnate (La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}:xmol%Eu{sup 3+}, x=0 to 35) nanoparticles (NPs) for use as phosphors and scintillation materials. Samples prepared through a combined co-precipitation and molten salt synthetic process were found to crystalize in the pyrochlore phase, a radiation tolerant structure related to the fluorite structure. These samples exhibit red luminescence under ultraviolet and X-ray excitation. Under these excitations, the optical intensity and quantum yield of the La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}:xmol%Eu{sup 3+} NPs depend on the Eu{sup 3+} concentration and are maximized at 5%. It is proposed that there is a trade-off between the quenching due to defect states/cross-relaxation and dopant concentration. An optimal dopant concentration allows the La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}:5 mol%Eu{sup 3+} NPs to show the best luminescent properties of all the samples. - Graphical abstract: Incident X-ray and UV photons interact with La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}: xmol%Eu{sup 3+}(x=1–35) nanoparticles (NPs) to yield strong red luminescence centered at 612 nm. Colored spheres inside NP diagram represent pyrochlore coordination environment of La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}:xmol%Eu{sup 3+}. Blue, red, yellow, green and black spheres represent hafnium(IV) atoms, lanthanum(III)/europium(III) atoms, oxygen atoms at 48f site, oxygen atoms at 8b site and oxygen vacancies, respectively. - Highlights: • La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}:xmol%Eu{sup 3+} (x=0–35) nanoparticles with weakly-ordered pyrochlore structures were synthesized. • Optically and X-ray excited emission spectra showed strong luminescence centered at 612 nm. • Photoluminescence quantum yield increases with doping concentration up to 5% and decreases at higher concentrations.
Uranium luminescence in La2 Zr2 O7 : effect of concentration and annealing temperature.
Mohapatra, M; Rajeswari, B; Hon, N S; Kadam, R M
2016-12-01
The speciation of a particular element in any given matrix is a prerequisite to understanding its solubility and leaching properties. In this context, speciation of uranium in lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore (La 2 Zr 2 O 7 = LZO), prepared by a low-temperature combustion route, was carried out using a simple photoluminescence lifetime technique. The LZO matrix is considered to be a potential ceramic host for fixing nuclear and actinide waste products generated during the nuclear fuel cycle. Special emphasis has been given to understanding the dynamics of the uranium species in the host as a function of annealing temperature and concentration. It was found that, in the LZO host, uranium is stabilized as the commonly encountered uranyl species (UO 2 2+ ) up to a heat treatment of 500 °C at the surface. Above 500 °C, the uranyl ion is diffused into the matrix as the more symmetric octahedral uranate species (UO 6 6- ). The uranate ions thus formed replace the six-coordinated 'Zr' atoms at regular lattice positions. Further, it was observed that concentration quenching takes place beyond 5 mol% of uranium doping. The mechanism of the quenching was found to be a multipolar interaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-pressure behavior of A 2 B 2 O 7 pyrochlore (A=Eu, Dy; B=Ti, Zr)
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Rittman, Dylan R.; Turner, Katlyn M.; Park, Sulgiye; Fuentes, Antonio F.; Yan, Jinyuan; Ewing, Rodney C.; Mao, Wendy L.
2017-01-28
In situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the influence of composition on the high-pressure behavior of A2B2O7 pyrochlore (A=Eu, Dy; B=Ti, Zr) up to ~50GPa. Based on X-ray diffraction results, all compositions transformed to the high-pressure cotunnite structure. The B-site cation species had a larger effect on the transition pressure than the A-site cation species, with the onset of the phase transformation occurring at ~41 GPa for B=Ti and ~16 GPa B=Zr. However, the A-site cation affected the kinetics of the phase transformation, with the transformation for compositions with the smaller ionic radii, i.e., A=Dy, proceeding faster than those with a larger ionic radii, i.e., A=Eu. These results were consistent with previous work in which the radius-ratio of the A- and B-site cations determined the energetics of disordering, and compositions with more similarly sized A- and B-site cations had a lower defect formation energy. Raman spectra revealed differences in the degree of short-range order of the different compositions. Due to the large phase fraction of cotunnite at high pressure for B=Zr compositions, Raman modes for cotunnite could be observed, with more modes recorded for A=Eu than A=Dy. These additional modes are attributed to increased short-to-medium range ordering in the initially pyrochlore structured Eu2Zr2O7 as compared with the initially defect-fluorite structured Dy2Zr2O7.
Ionic conductivity of Ca and Mg doped NdGdZr1.95Sc0.05O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anithakumari, P.; Mandal, B.P.; Grover, V.; Tyagi, A.K.; Mishra, A.K.
2014-01-01
The ionic conductivity of pyrochlore based materials makes them promising candidates for fuel-cell applications where high ionic conductivity and low activation energy are desired. Earlier it has been reported that 5%Sc doped GdNdZr 2 O 7 shows highest ionic conductivity. In this present work, an attempt has been made to further increase the oxygen vacancy concentration by the incorporation of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions at A site of NdGdZr 1.95 Sc 0.05 O 7 (NGZS)
Lanthanide stannate pyrochlores (Ln2Sn2O7; Ln = Nd, Gd, Er) at high pressure.
Turner, Katlyn M; Tracy, Cameron L; Mao, Wendy L; Ewing, Rodney C
2017-11-09
Lanthanide stannate pyrochlores (Ln2Sn2O7; Ln=Nd, Gd, and Er) were investigated in situ to 50 GPa in order to determine their structural response to compression and compare it to that of lanthanide titanate, zirconate, and hafnate pyrochlores. The cation radius ratio of A3+/B4+ in pyrochlore oxides (A2B2O7) is thought to be the dominant property that influences their compression response. The ionic radius of Sn4+ is intermediate to that of Ti4+, Zr4+, and Hf4+, but the
Nanoscopic characterization of Pr2Zr2O7 at Zr sites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Martinez, J.A.; Caracoche, M.C.; Rodriguez, A.M.; Rivas, P.C.; Bondioli, F.; Manfredini, T.; Ferrari, A.M.
2005-01-01
By using Perturbed Angular Correlation Spectroscopy, a suitable technique to explore internal fields at nanoscopic scale, the electric field gradients at Zr 4+ sites in the Pr 2 Zr 2 O 7 compound have been determined as a function of temperature. Three nonequivalent nanoconfigurations are present, which have been interpreted with the aid of point charge model calculations. Two of them correspond to pyrochlore - oxygen defective and perfect structures -, and the third one to the pyrochlore-related defect fluorite structure. The most abundant interaction is a disordered and fluctuating electric field gradient, which describes the oxygen defective pyrochlore. As temperature increases, its gradual and reversible transformation towards the perfect form is observed. Below 750 C the oxygen vacancies movement, which exhibits an activation energy of 0.14 eV, is assumed to be due to vacancies jumping among 48f equivalent sites. At higher temperatures the movement is interpreted as the fast diffusion of oxygen vacancies involving 48f and 8b sites, thus giving place to anionic disorder. The activation energy for this movement has been determined to be of 0.85 eV. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)
Fabrication and Thermophysical Properties of La(2-x)Zr(2-y)O7 Nanocrystal by a Sol-Gel Method.
Li, Hui; Che, Ping; Zhao, Ziqiang; Liu, Shixiang; Li, Wenjun
2016-03-01
Non-Stoichiometric La2Zr2O7 (La(2-x)Zr(2-y)O7) Nanocrystal was synthesized by a simple sol-gel method. The crystalline structure, oxygen vacancy concentration, thermal expansion coefficient, as well as the fracture toughness of as-prepared materials were charactered by XRD, TG-DSC, PL spectra, dilatometer, and electronic universal testing machine respectively. The crystal structure of La2Zr2O7 is of the cubic type while lattice parameter increases with the deviatation of Zr4+ and La3+ from Stoichiometric La2Zr2O7 increasing. The average linear thermal expansion coefficient of non-stoichiometric La2Zr2O7 is obviously bigger than that of La2Zr2O7 in the temperature range between 150 degrees C and 950 degrees C. The fracture toughness of La(2-x)Zr(2-y)O7 increases with x and y increasing up to x = 0.3 and y = 0.25.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Xia, X.L. [Institute for Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin (China); Institute of Oceanography Instruments, Shandong Academy of Science, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Marine Monitoring Equipment, Qingdao (China); Liu, Z.G.; Ouyang, J.H. [Institute for Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin (China); Zheng, Y. [Institute of Oceanography Instruments, Shandong Academy of Science, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Marine Monitoring Equipment, Qingdao (China)
2012-08-15
(Sm{sub 1-x}Eu{sub x}){sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (0 {<=} x {<=} 1.0) samples are prepared by solid state reaction method using Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Eu{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and ZrO{sub 2} as starting materials. The phase composition and microstructure of (Sm{sub 1-x}Eu{sub x}){sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramics are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) coupled with selected area electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. XRD and TEM show that all the samples exhibit a single pyrochlore-type structure. HRTEM observation indicates that the whole grain interior of Sm{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramic is a perfect crystal free of any dislocation. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the degree of structural disorder of (Sm{sub 1-x}Eu{sub x}){sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramics increases gradually with increasing Eu content. The electrical conductivity of (Sm{sub 1-x}Eu{sub x}){sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramics is investigated by impedance spectroscopy in the air and hydrogen atmospheres, respectively. The electrical conductivity of (Sm{sub 1-x}Eu{sub x}){sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramics increases with increasing Eu content at identical temperature levels. Both the activation energy E{sub g} and the pre-exponential factor {sigma}{sub 0g} for the grain conductivity gradually increase with increasing Eu content. As the ionic conductivity shows no obvious change in both air and hydrogen atmospheres, the conduction of (Sm{sub 1-x}Eu{sub x}){sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} is purely ionic with negligible electronic conduction. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Protonic defects in pure and doped La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore oxide
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Björketun, Mårten; Knee, Christopher S.; Nyman, B. Joakim
2008-01-01
migration pathway that enables long-range transport is proposed. In addition, the interaction energies between protons and divalent Ba, Sr, Ca, and Mg dopants located on the La- and Zr-sites have been calculated. All interactions are found to be attractive; they are strong in the case of Ba and Mg and quite...
Gupta, Santosh K.; Reghukumar, C.; Sudarshan, K.; Ghosh, P. S.; Pathak, Nimai; Kadam, R. M.
2018-05-01
Local structure analysis of dopant ion, understanding host to dopant energy transfer dynamics and defects characterization in a doped material which plays an important role in the designing a highly efficient opto-electronic material. In this connection a new Sm3+ doped Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlore material was synthesized using gel-combustion technique and was characterized systematically using X-ray diffraction (XRD), time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPLS), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and density functional theory (DFT) based ab-initio calculation. Based on DFT site selective energetics calculation and luminescence decay measurement, it was observed that the Sm3+ was distributed at both Gd3+ and Zr4+ site with higher Sm3+ fraction at the Gd3+ site. PALS was used to probe the presence of defects in the phosphor. In this work intense orange-red emission is realized through manipulating the energy transfer from host defect emission (oxygen vacancies) to Sm3+ which allows color emission from green in undoped to orange-red in doped samples. Effect of dopant concentration and annealing temperature was probed using TRPLS and PALS. These all information is highly important for researcher looking to achieve pyrochlore based phosphor materials with high quantum yield.
Study of dielectric property on ZrO2 and Al doped ZrO2 nanoparticles
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Catherine Siriya Pushpa, K.; Mangayarkarasi, K.; Ravichandran, A.T.; Xavier, A. Robert; Nagabushana, B.M.
2014-01-01
A solution combustion process was used to synthesize ZrO 2 and Al doped ZrO 2 nanoparticles by using Zirconium nitrate and aluminium nitrate as the oxidizer and glycine as fuel. The prepared samples were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). The dielectric values of the pelletized samples were examined at room temperature as the function of frequency. XRD shows the structure of the prepared and doped samples. The SEM shows the surface morphology of the pure and doped ZrO 2 nanoparticles. The dielectric property enhances with increase of Al concentration, which is useful in dielectric gates. (author)
Lanthanide stannate pyrochlores (Ln2Sn2O7; Ln = Nd, Gd, Er) at high pressure
Turner, Katlyn M.; Tracy, Cameron L.; Mao, Wendy L.; Ewing, Rodney C.
2017-12-01
Lanthanide stannate pyrochlores (Ln2Sn2O7; Ln = Nd, Gd, and Er) were investigated in situ to 50 GPa in order to determine their structural response to compression and compare their response to that of lanthanide titanate, zirconate, and hafnate pyrochlores. The cation radius ratio of A3+/B4+ in pyrochlore oxides (A2B2O7) is thought to be the dominant feature that influences their response on compression. The ionic radius of Sn4+ is intermediate to that of Ti4+, Zr4+, and Hf4+, but the 〈Sn-O〉 bond in stannate pyrochlore is more covalent than the 〈B-O〉 bonds in titanates, zirconate, and hafnates. In stannates, based on in situ Raman spectroscopy, pyrochlore cation and anion sublattices begin to disorder with the onset of compression, first measured at 0.3 GPa. The extent of sublattice disorder versus pressure is greater in stannates with a smaller Ln3+ cation. Stannate pyrochlores (Fd-3m) begin a sluggish transformation to an orthorhombic, cotunnite-like structure at ~28 GPa similar transitions have been observed in titanate, zirconate, and hafnate pyrochlores at varying pressures (18-40 GPa) with cation radius ratio. The extent of the phase transition versus pressure varies directly with the size of the Ln3+ cation. Post-decompression from ~50 GPa, Er2Sn2O7 and Gd2Sn2O7 adopt a pyrochlore structure, rather than the multi-scale defect-fluorite + weberite-type structure adopted by Nd2Sn2O7 that is characteristic of titanate, zirconate, and hafnate pyrochlores under similar conditions. Like pyrochlore titanates, zirconates, and hafnates, the bulk modulus, B 0, of stannates varies linearly and inversely with cation radius ratio from 1 1 1 GPa (Nd2Sn2O7) to 251 GPa (Er2Sn2O7). The trends of bulk moduli in stannates in this study are in excellent agreement with previous experimental studies on stannates and suggest that the size of the Ln3+ cation is the primary determining factor of B 0. Additionally, when normalized to r A
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of ZrO2-SiO2 Nanoparticles by Platinum Doping
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mohammad W. Kadi
2013-01-01
Full Text Available ZrO2-SiO2 mixed oxides were prepared via the sol-gel method. Photo-assisted deposition was utilized for doping the prepared mixed oxide with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 wt% of Pt. XRD spectra showed that doping did not result in the incorporation of Pt within the crystal structure of the material. UV-reflectance spectrometry showed that the band gap of ZrO2-SiO2 decreased from 3.04 eV to 2.48 eV with 0.4 wt% Pt doping. The results show a specific surface area increase of 20%. Enhanced photocatalysis of Pt/ZrO2-SiO2 was successfully tested on photo degradation of cyanide under illumination of visible light. 100% conversion was achieved within 20 min with 0.3 wt% of Pt doped ZrO2-SiO2.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Zhengjuan [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Zhou, Guohong, E-mail: sic_zhough@mail.sic.ac.cn [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Qin, Xianpeng; Yang, Yan [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Zhang, Guangjun [SCHOTT Glass Technologies (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215009 (China); Menke, Yvonne [Schott AG, Corporate Research and Technology Development, Hattenbergstrasse 10, 55122 Mainz (Germany); Wang, Shiwei, E-mail: swwang51@mail.sic.ac.cn [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China)
2014-02-05
Highlights: • Combustion method and vacuum sintering were used to fabricate La{sub 2-x}Gd{sub x}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}. • The lattice parameters decreased with the increase of Gd{sup 3+} concent(x). • The absorption edge of the transmittance curves shifted to UV region from 0.4-2.0. • All the ceramics have high n (2.08), making them candidate for optical lens. • With the increase of x, the effective atomic number and density increased. -- Abstract: Transparent La{sub 2−x}Gd{sub x}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (x = 0–2.0) ceramics were prepared via vacuum sintering from nanometric powders synthesized by a simple combustion method. The changes of phase composition, morphology and in-line transmittance of the resulting ceramics with Gd{sup 3+} content’s variation were investigated. With the increase of Gd{sup 3+} content, the samples keep the pyrochlore structure, but the X-ray diffraction peaks of the powders and ceramics shift to higher angle as the lattice parameters become smaller. All the ceramics are transparent with high in-line transmittance and high refractive index (2.08 @ 632.8 nm, x = 0.4–1.6). These results indicate that La{sub 2−x}Gd{sub x}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramics might be used as optical lens. Moreover, with the increase of Gd{sup 3+} content, the effective atomic number and density of the ceramics increase, therefore making them promising host candidates for scintillators.
Ionic conductivity of co-doped Sc2O3-ZrO2 ceramics
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Omar, Shobit; bin Najib, Waqas; Chen, Weiwu
2012-01-01
The oxide ionic conductivity of Sc0.18Zr0.82O1.91 doped with 0.5 mol.% of both Yb2O3 and In2O3 is evaluated at various temperatures in air. Among various co-doped compositions, In0.02Sc0.18Zr0.80O1.90 exhibits the highest grain ionic conductivity followed by Yb0.02Sc0.18Zr0.80O1.90 at 500°C....... However, it also possesses phase transformation from c- to β-phase at 475°C on cooling. In the present work, an attempt is made to completely stabilize the cphase in In0.02Sc0.18Zr0.80O1.90 by substituting 0.5 mol.% of In2O3 with Yb2O3, which can enhance the ionic conductivity in co-doped compositions....
Characterization and luminescent properties of Eu3+ doped Gd2Zr2O7 nanopowders
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rabasovic, M.S.; Sevic, D.; Krizan, J.; Terzic, M.; Mozina, J.; Marinkovic, B.P.; Savic-Sevic, S.; Mitric, M.; Rabasovic, M.D.; Romcevic, N.
2015-01-01
Highlights: • Nanopowders Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 doped by europium ions (Eu 3+ ) have been synthesized. • Their luminescence properties have been measured at room temperature. • The temporal evolution of laser induced phenomena are presented using time-resolved technique. • Lifetime analysis for luminescence bands in emission spectra has been done. - Abstract: Nanopowders based on gadolinium zirconium oxide (Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 ) doped by europium ions (Eu 3+ ) were successfully prepared using a flame combustion method. This material is suitable for various optical devices. The structure of prepared materials has been confirmed and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The luminescence properties of synthesized nanopowders were characterized by emission spectra and luminescence lifetimes by using the streak camera system. PL spectra were obtained at three different excitation wavelengths (Optical Parametric Oscilator (OPO) at 360 nm, laser diode at 365 nm and Ar laser line at 514.5 nm). The strong emission lines at 611 nm and 630 nm corresponding to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 long lived transition could be used as a new red light source in optical devices
Nano-phases of ZrO2 doped with Y2O3
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Duteanu, Narcis; Monty, Claude
2001-01-01
This work reports the method of obtaining oxygen sensors by using nano-phases of ZrO 2 doped with Y 2 O 3 95% molar in thin layers. In the first phase it is necessary to prepare a substratum based on La 1-x Sr 30 MnO 3 . This substratum is obtained by grinding powders of base, followed by mixing and then by baking of the product. The nano-phases of ZrO 2 doped with Y 2 O 3 95% molar are obtained using solar energy in a solar furnace; in the focus the temperature has value of 3000 deg. C. Such temperatures are enough to realize the process of vapor condensation. The nano-phases obtained will have used in thin layers, representing the active element. This layers are obtained directly through the process of vapor condensation in solar focus or using the spray method. The goal of this work was obtaining oxygen sensors which function at low temperatures (below 300 deg. C), because the sensors which are found on market, operate at a temperature of 800 deg. C. Those sensors are used to obtain a good combustion with engines with internal combustion. (authors)
Response of Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 and La 2 Ti 2 O 7 to swift-heavy ion irradiation and annealing
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Park, Sulgiye; Lang, Maik; Tracy, Cameron L.; Zhang, Jiaming; Zhang, Fuxiang; Trautmann, Christina; Rodriguez, Matias D.; Kluth, Patrick; Ewing, Rodney C.
2015-07-01
Swift heavy ion (2 GeV 181Ta) irradiation-induced amorphization and temperature-induced recrystallization of cubic pyrochlore Gd2Ti2O7 (Fd3¯m) are compared with the response of a compositionally-similar material with a monoclinic-layered perovskite-type structure, La2Ti2O7 (P21). The averaged electronic energy loss, dE/dx, was 37 keV/nm and 35 keV/nm in Gd2Ti2O7 and La2Ti2O7, respectively. Systematic analysis of the structural modifications was completed using transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Increasing ion-induced amorphization with increasing ion fluence was evident in the X-ray diffraction patterns of both compositions by a reduction in the intensity of the diffraction maxima concurrent with the growth in intensity of a broad diffuse scattering halo. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed complete amorphization within ion tracks (diameter: ~10 nm) for the perovskite-type material; whereas a concentric, core–shell morphology was evident in the ion tracks of the pyrochlore, with an outer shell of disordered yet still crystalline material with the fluorite structure surrounding an amorphous track core (diameter: ~9 nm). The radiation response of both titanate oxides with the same stoichiometry can be understood in terms of differences in their structures and compositions. While the radiation damage susceptibility of pyrochlore A2B2O7 materials decreases as a function of the cation radius ratio rA/rB, the current study correlates this behavior with the stability field of monoclinic structures, where rLa/rTi > rGd/rTi. Isochronal annealing experiments of the irradiated materials showed complete recrystallization of La2Ti2O7 at 775 °C and of Gd2Ti2O7 at 850 °C. The annealing behavior is discussed in terms of enhanced damage recovery in La2Ti2O7, compared to the pyrochlore compounds Gd2Ti2O7. The difference in the recrystallization behavior may be related to structural
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Anithakumari, P., E-mail: anithakumari21-02@yahoo.co.in; Grover, V.; Tyagi, A. K. [Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India-400085 (India)
2016-05-23
In the present work, a series of Nd{sub 2±x}Zr{sub 2∓x}O{sub 7±x/2} (−0.2≤x≤0.4) was prepared by self assisted gel-combution method followed by high temperature sintering at 1673 K. Thorough structural characterizations were done by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The nominal compositions Nd{sub 1.6}Zr{sub 2.4}O{sub 7.2} and Nd{sub 1.8}Zr{sub 2.2}O{sub 7.1} were found to possess single-phasic pyrochlore structure whereas Nd{sub 2.0}Zr{sub 2.0}O{sub 7} and Nd{sub 2.2}Zr{sub 1.8}O{sub 6.9} consisted of a pyrochlore phase and a small amount of hexagonal Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} as an impurity phase. Electrical behavior of the samples was examined by AC impedance analysis. Even though the activation energies of all the samples are not very different, a high pre-exponential factor for the Nd{sub 1.6}Zr{sub 2.4}O{sub 7.2} composition resulted in high ionic conductivity (3.37 × 10{sup −3} Scm{sup −1} at 773 K). This high ionic conductivity value makes it a superior candidate as an electrolyte material for SOFC applications.
Highly active Ni/Y-doped ZrO{sub 2} catalysts for CO{sub 2} methanation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Takano, H., E-mail: takano_hi@hitachizosen.co.jp [Hitachi Zosen Corporation, Kashiwa, 277-8515 (Japan); Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628 (Japan); Kirihata, Y.; Izumiya, K.; Kumagai, N. [Hitachi Zosen Corporation, Kashiwa, 277-8515 (Japan); Habazaki, H., E-mail: habazaki@eng.hokudai.ac.jp [Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628 (Japan); Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628 (Japan); Hashimoto, K. [Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, 277-8515 (Japan)
2016-12-01
Highlights: • The Ni/Y-doped ZrO{sub 2} catalysts show highly catalytic activity for CO{sub 2} methanation. • Bidentate carbonate is a major adsorption spice on the Ni/Y-doped ZrO{sub 2} catalysts. • The oxide support of t-ZrO{sub 2} and/or c-ZrO{sub 2} with oxygen vacancies plays a key role. - Abstract: The catalytic methanation of CO{sub 2} was carried out on Ni catalysts supported on Y-doped ZrO{sub 2} with various Y{sup 3+} concentrations and Ni/(Zr + Y) molar ratio = 1. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, specific surface area, temperature-programmed desorption of CO{sub 2}, and temperature-programmed reaction. In addition, operando diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) was used to identify the adsorbed reaction intermediate. Catalysts supported on Y-doped ZrO{sub 2} show higher catalytic activity than the catalyst on Y-free ZrO{sub 2} with a monoclinic ZrO{sub 2} phase. The catalytic activity is also dependent upon the Y{sup 3+} concentration, and the highest activity was obtained for the catalyst with a Y/(Zr + Y) molar ratio of 0.333, which consists mainly of fcc Ni and cubic ZrO{sub 2} phase. Y{sup 3+} doping into ZrO{sub 2} introduces oxygen vacancies, which play an important role in enhancing the catalytic activity. The operando DRIFT study reveals that a CO adsorption intermediate is absent, and bidentate carbonate is an important intermediate for CH{sub 4} formation.
Structural properties of the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Han, Sang-Wook; Gardner, Jason S.; Booth, Corwin H.
2004-01-01
Although materials that exhibit nearest-neighbor-only antiferromagnetic interactions and geometrical frustration theoretically should not magnetically order in the absence of disorder, few such systems have been observed experimentally. One such system appears to be the pyrochlore Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7 . However, previous structural studies indicated that Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7 is an imperfect pyrochlore. To clarify the situation, we performed neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements on samples that were prepared identically to those that show no magnetic order. The NPD measurements show that the long-range structure of Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7 is well ordered with no structural transitions between 4.5 and 600 K. In particular, mean-squared displacements (u 2 's) for each site follow a Debye model with no offsets. No evidence for Tb/Ti site interchange was observed within an upper limit of 2%. Likewise, no excess or deficiency in the oxygen stoichiometry was observed, within an upper limit of 2% of the nominal pyrochlore value. Tb L III and Ti K-edge XAFS measurements from 20-300 K similarly indicate a well-ordered local structure. Other aspects of the structure are considered. We conclude that Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7 has, within experimental error, an ideal, disorder-free pyrochlore lattice, thereby allowing the system to remain in a dynamic, frustrated spin state to the lowest observed temperatures
Structural properties of the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Han, Sang-Wook; Gardner, Jason S.; Booth, Corwin H.
2004-06-14
Although materials that exhibit nearest-neighbor-only antiferromagnetic interactions and geometrical frustration theoretically should not magnetically order in the absence of disorder, few such systems have been observed experimentally. One such system appears to be the pyrochlore Tb{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}. However, previous structural studies indicated that Tb{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} is an imperfect pyrochlore. To clarify the situation, we performed neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements on samples that were prepared identically to those that show no magnetic order. The NPD measurements show that the long-range structure of Tb{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} is well ordered with no structural transitions between 4.5 and 600 K. In particular, mean-squared displacements (u{sup 2}'s) for each site follow a Debye model with no offsets. No evidence for Tb/Ti site interchange was observed within an upper limit of 2%. Likewise, no excess or deficiency in the oxygen stoichiometry was observed, within an upper limit of 2% of the nominal pyrochlore value. Tb L{sub III} and Ti K-edge XAFS measurements from 20-300 K similarly indicate a well-ordered local structure. Other aspects of the structure are considered. We conclude that Tb{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} has, within experimental error, an ideal, disorder-free pyrochlore lattice, thereby allowing the system to remain in a dynamic, frustrated spin state to the lowest observed temperatures.
Luminescence studies on Sb3+ co-doped Y2Sn2O7: Tb nanoparticles
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nigam, Sandeep; Sudarsan, V.; Vatsa, R.K.
2008-01-01
Pyrochlore-type oxides (A 2 B 2 O 7 ) have emerged as important host matrices for lanthanide doped luminescent materials due to their good thermal stability. Due to the higher symmetry around the A and B cations in the lattice lanthanide ions like Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ when incorporated at the A or B sites give very poor luminescence. One way to circumvent this problem is to incorporate ions like Sb 3+ or Bi 3+ in the lattice so that the lattice get distorted and luminescent intensity from the lanthanide ions increases. The present study deals with the synthesis and characterisation of Sb 3+ co-doped Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 :Tb nanoparticles prepared by the hydrolysis of Y 3+ , Sn 4+ , Tb 3+ and Sb 3+ in ethylene glycol medium followed by heating at 700 deg C for 4 hours. From XRD studies it is confirmed that as prepared sample is amorphous and heat treatment at 700 deg C results in the formation of highly crystalline Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 phase having pyrochlore structure
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Harrington, S A; Durrell, J H; Wimbush, S C; Kursumovic, A; MacManus-Driscoll, J L; Maiorov, B; Wang, H; Lee, J H
2009-01-01
Addition of pyrochlore rare earth tantalate phases, RE 3 TaO 7 (RTO, where RE = rare earth, Er, Gd and Yb) to YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) is shown to vastly improve pinning, without being detrimental to the superconducting transition temperature. The closely lattice matched to RTO phase provides a lower interfacial energy with YBCO than BaZrO 3 (BZO) and produces very fine (∼5 nm) particles with high linearity in their self-assembly along c. Critical current densities of 0.86, 0.38 MA cm -2 at 1 and 3 T (for fields) parallel to the c axis were recorded at 77 K in 0.5-1.0 μm thick films and a transition temperature of 92 K was observed even in the highest level doped sample (8 mol%). (rapid communication)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shafique, Muhammad; Kennedy, Brenden J.; Iqbal, Yaseen; Ubic, Rick
2016-01-01
Compounds in the pyrochlore system Ho 2 (Zr y Ti 1−y ) 2 O 7 exhibit an order-disorder transition from pyrochlore to a defect-fluorite type structure. Compositions in this system were prepared via mechanical milling, followed by a two-step sintering process. Structural characterization was carried out via Rietveld refinements using neutron powder diffraction data, supported by X-ray diffraction to determine the phase and location of the pyrochlore-fluorite transformation. Unit-cell parameters were determined for the whole series using Rietveld refinements as well as the Nelson–Riley function. The neutron refinement results confirmed that the cation disorder was independent of the anion Frenkel disorder. The relation between the x-parameter in the oxygen 48f position and anion Frenkel disorder was found to be linear for the pyrochlore structure. The ionic conductivity studies were undertaken via AC impedance analysis to determine the electronic behaviour and its relation to the structural change in the temperature range 300°C–700 °C. The trends in ionic conductivity and activation energy were explained structurally via neutron powder diffraction and X-ray diffraction data. The pyrochlore-fluorite boundary composition (at y = 0.5) exhibited the lowest activation energy and highest ionic conductivity. - Highlights: • Ho 2 (Zr y Ti 1-y ) 2 O 7 structure changed from ordered pyrochlore to defect-fluorite at y = 0.6. • Ho 2 (Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 ) 2 O 7 exhibited high ionic conductivity and low activation energy. • Doping improved stability in ionic conductivity behaviour at lower temperature.
Lanthanide ions doped Y2Sn2O7 nano-particles: low temperature synthesis and photoluminescence study
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nigam, Sandeep; Sudarsan, V.; Vatsa, R.K.
2008-01-01
During the past decade, pyrochlore-type oxides (A 2 B 2 O 7 ) have emerged as important host matrices for lanthanide doped luminescent materials due to their higher thermal stability. Up to now, conventional solid-state reaction is the most commonly used synthetic method for preparation, of rare-earth pyrochlore oxides. This synthesis route employs a solid-state reaction of metal-oxide with appropriate rare-earth oxides at high temperature (>1200 deg C) for a long time (several days). However, in present work, Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 nanoparticles co-doped with lanthanide ions Tb 3+ and Ce 3+ were prepared based on the urea hydrolysis of Y 3+ , Sn 4+ , and Ln 3+ in ethylene glycol medium at 150 deg C followed by heating at 500, 700 and 900 deg C
Color and vanadium valency in V-doped ZrO2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ren, Feng; Ishida, Shingo; Takeuchi, Nobuyuki
1993-01-01
The distribution and chemical states of vanadium in V-doped ZrO 2 were studied to clarify the origin of the color of vanadium-zirconium yellow pigment in comparison with vanadium-tin yellow pigment. ESCA data and measurements of lattice constants of V-doped ZrO 2 revealed that vanadium was dissolved mainly as V 4+ substituting for Zr in ZrO 2 lattice, and its solubility limit was 0.5 wt% as V 2 O 5 . It was found that the yellow color of vanadium-zirconium yellow was produced predominantly by the dissolved vanadium and that the contribution of vanadium oxide on ZrO 2 grains to the yellow color was about 1.30 of that of the dissolved vanadium when compared on the basis of equimolar quantity of vanadium. Most of the undissolved vanadium oxide was in an amorphous or a poorly crystallized state
Nanocrystal in Er3+-doped SiO2-ZrO2 Planar Waveguide with Yb3+ Sensitizer
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Razaki, N. Iznie; Jais, U. Sarah; Abd-Rahman, M. Kamil; Bhaktha, S. N. B.; Chiasera, A.; Ferrari, M.
2010-01-01
Higher doping of Er 3+ in glass ceramic waveguides would cause concentration and pair-induced quenching which lead to inhomogeneous line-width of luminescence spectrum thus reduce output intensity. Concentration quenching can be overcome by introducing ZrO 2 in the glass matrix while co-doping with Yb 3+ which acts as sensitizer would improve the excitation efficiency of Er 3+ . In this study, SiO 2 -ZrO 2 planar waveguides having composition in mol percent of 70SiO 2 -30ZrO 2 doped with Er 3+ and co-doped with Yb 3+ , were prepared via sol-gel route. Narrower and shaper peaks of PL and XRD shows the formation of nanocrystals. Intensity is increase with addition amount of Yb 3+ shows sensitizing effect on Er 3+ .
Fabrication and spectroscopic properties of nanocrystalline La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Pr
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Trojan-Piegza, J., E-mail: jtp@eto.wchuwr.p [Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50383 Wroclaw (Poland); Zych, E.; Kosinska, M. [Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50383 Wroclaw (Poland)
2010-03-15
La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} nanopowders doped with different Pr concentrations (0.05-10 mol.%) were synthesized by the Pechini method. XRD measurements confirmed the single crystalline phase formed already at 800 {sup o}C and the structure was cubic pyrochlore. Luminescence excitation and emission as well as radioluminescence spectra were recorded for the materials. Both optical and X-ray excitation of La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Pr produced a red emission resulting from the 4f-4f transitions of Pr{sup 3+} ions. Luminescence of materials synthesized at low temperatures was characterized by broadband glass-type emissions, while heat treatment at 1400 {sup o}C led to spectra showing the typical for crystalline hosts narrow and intense 4f-4f transitions of Pr{sup 3+}.
First-principles investigation of U doping in ZrO2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Huang, H.W.; Pan, Y.; Yu, C.; Yang, J.; Wang, H.; Yi, W.; Peng, J.C.
2014-01-01
Highlights: • U-doped system with cubic structure is more stable than the monoclinic structure. • The elastic modulus of cubic structure is higher than the monoclinic structure. • U-doped weakens the resistance to shear deformation of ZrO 2 . • U-doped enhances the resistance to shape deformation for monoclinic structure. -- Abstract: The formation energies, elastic properties, Debye temperature and electronic structure of U-doped ZrO 2 within cubic and monoclinic structures are investigated by first-principles approach. The calculated formation energies show that the U-doped with cubic structure is more stable than that of monoclinic structure. The U-doped weakens the resistance to shear deformation whether cubic structure or monoclinic structure. However, the U-doped decreases the shape deformation of cubic structure in contrast to enhances the shape deformation for monoclinic structure. The Debye temperature of U-doped system is lower than the corresponding ZrO 2 . We found that the calculated electronic structure of these systems are consistent with the variation of formation energies
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Celik, Erdal; Sayman, Onur; Karakuzu, Ramazan; Ozman, Yilmaz
2007-01-01
The present paper addresses a numerical investigation of the influence of buffer layer thickness on the residual stress in YBCO/La 2 Zr 2 O 7 /Ni architectured materials under cryogenic conditions by using classical lamination theory (CLT) and finite element method (FEM) for coated conductor applications. YBCO/La 2 Zr 2 O 7 multilayer films were fabricated on Ni tape substrate using reel-to-reel sol-gel and pulse laser deposition (PLD) systems. The microstructural evolution of high temperature superconducting YBCO film and buffer layers with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 configuration grown on textured Ni tape substrates was investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal stress analysis of YBCO/La 2 Zr 2 O 7 /Ni multilayer sample was performed by using CLT in the temperature range of 298-175 K in liquid helium media. The YBCO/La 2 Zr 2 O 7 /Ni sample strip was solved by using FEM for linear or nonlinear cases in the temperature range of 298-3 K in liquid helium media. SEM observations revealed that crack-free, pinhole-free, continuous superconducting film and buffer layer were obtained by sol-gel and PLD systems. In addition to microstructural observations, it was found that the largest compressive stresses and failure occur in La 2 Zr 2 O 7 buffer layer due to its smallest thermal expansion coefficient. The thickness of La 2 Zr 2 O 7 buffer layer affects the failure. The stress component of σ x is the smallest in Ni tape substrate due to its largest thickness
Improved conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cell using Zn doped TiO_2-ZrO_2 nanocomposite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tomar, Laxmi J.; Bhatt, Piyush J.; Desai, Rahul K.; Chakrabarty, B. S.; Panchal, C. J.
2016-01-01
TiO_2-ZrO_2 and Zn doped TiO_2-ZrO_2 nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal method for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. The structural and optical properties were investigated by X –ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy respectively. XRD results revealed the formation of material in nano size. The average crystallite size is 22.32 nm, 17.41 nm and 6.31 nm for TiO_2, TiO_2-ZrO_2 and Zn doped TiO_2-ZrO_2 nanocomposites respectively. The optical bandgap varies from 2.04 eV to 3.75 eV. Dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using the prepared material. Pomegranate juice was used as a sensitizer and graphite coated conducting glass plate was used as counter electrode. The I – V characteristics were recorded to measure photo response of DSSC. Photovoltaic parameter like open circuit voltage, power conversion efficiency, and fill factor were evaluated for fabricated solar cell. The power conversion efficiency of DSSC fabricated with TiO_2, TiO_2-ZrO_2 and Zn doped TiO_2-ZrO_2 nanocomposites were found 0.71%, 1.97% and 4.58% respectively.
Improved conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cell using Zn doped TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite
Tomar, Laxmi J.; Bhatt, Piyush J.; Desai, Rahul K.; Chakrabarty, B. S.; Panchal, C. J.
2016-05-01
TiO2-ZrO2 and Zn doped TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal method for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. The structural and optical properties were investigated by X -ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy respectively. XRD results revealed the formation of material in nano size. The average crystallite size is 22.32 nm, 17.41 nm and 6.31 nm for TiO2, TiO2-ZrO2 and Zn doped TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposites respectively. The optical bandgap varies from 2.04 eV to 3.75 eV. Dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using the prepared material. Pomegranate juice was used as a sensitizer and graphite coated conducting glass plate was used as counter electrode. The I - V characteristics were recorded to measure photo response of DSSC. Photovoltaic parameter like open circuit voltage, power conversion efficiency, and fill factor were evaluated for fabricated solar cell. The power conversion efficiency of DSSC fabricated with TiO2, TiO2-ZrO2 and Zn doped TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposites were found 0.71%, 1.97% and 4.58% respectively.
Study on surface defect structures of ZrO2 and some doped ZrO2 by means of work function measurement
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yamawaki, M.; Suzuki, A.; Ono, F.; Yamaguchi, K.
1997-01-01
The work function change of the ZrO 2 +2%Y 2 O 3 sintered pellet, caused by a change of the composition of the sweep gas, was measured using a high temperature Kelvin probe. The Pt reference electrode was calibrated by using ZrO 2 +2%Y 2 O 3 as a standard material. Work function changes of undoped ZrO 2 and Nb-doped ZrO 2 (2%Nb 2 O 5 ) were measured as a function of equilibrium oxygen partial pressure, P O 2 . The thus obtained exponents of P O 2 , 1/n, were 1/6.2 and 1/33.6 for ZrO 2 and ZrO 2 +2%Nb 2 O 5 , respectively. These exponent values were discussed in terms of defect chemistry of the surface layer. (orig.)
High-pressure synthesis and characterizations of the R2Pt2O7 pyrochlores.
Cai, Yunqi; Cui, Qi; Cheng, Jinguang; Dun, Zhiling; Zhou, Haidong; Ma, Jie; Cruz, C. Dela; Yan, Jiaqiang; Li, Xiang; Zhou, Jianshi
Pyrochlore R2B2O7 where R3 + stands for rear-earth ion and B4 + for a nonmagnetic cation such as Sn4 +or Ti4 +consist of an important family of geometrically frustrated magnets, which have been the focus of extensive investigations over last decades. To further enlarge the R2B2O7, we have chosen to stabilize the Pt-based cubic pyrochlores under HPHT conditions for two reasons: (1) Pt4 + is in a low-spin state which ionic radius is located in between Ti4 + (0.605\\x85) and Sn4 + (0.69\\x85), and (2) Pt4 + has a spatially much more extended 5d orbitals and thus enhanced Pt 5d-O 2p hybridizations that might modify the local anisotropic exchange interactions. Such an effect has never been taken into account in the previous studies. In this work, we will present the detailed characterizations on the pyrochlores R2Pt2O7 obtained under HPHT conditions. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11304371, 11574377), part of the work was supported by the CEM, and NSF MRSEC, under Grant DMR-1420451, and Grant No. NSF-DMR-1350002.
Irradiation-induced amorphization of Cd2Nb2O7 pyrochlore
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Meldrum, A.; White, C. W.; Keppens, V.; Boatner, L. A.; Ewing, R. C.
2001-01-01
Several investigations have recently been undertaken in order to achieve a more complete understanding of the radiation-damage mechanisms in A 2 B 2 O 7 pyrochlore-structure compounds. The present work represents the first systematic study of the irradiation-induced amorphization of a pyrochlore with A- and B-site cation valences of +2 and +5, respectively. Relatively large single crystals of Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 were grown for these experiments. In situ ion-irradiation experiments were carried out in a transmission electron microscope in conjunction with ex situ Rutherford backscattering measurements of ion-irradiated Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 single crystals. Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 can be amorphized in situ by Ne or Xe ions at temperatures up to 480 and 620 K, respectively. At room temperature, the amorphization fluence was 36 times higher for 280 keV Ne + than for 1200 keV Xe 2+ , corresponding to a displacement dose that was higher by a factor of 3. Disordering of Cd and Nb over the available cation sites occurs at intermediate ion doses prior to amorphization. The temperature dependence of the amorphization dose is modeled, and the results are compared to those of a previous model. The bulk-sample Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) results were generally consistent with the in situ TEM measurements. Effects of crystallographic orientation and ion charge state had relatively little effect on the damage accumulation in bulk crystals. The RBS data are consistent with a defect-accumulation, cascade-overlap model of amorphization of Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 , as are the in situ TEM observations
Synthesis, characterization and luminescence study of Eu3+ doped Y2Sn2O7 nano-particles
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nigam, Sandeep; Sudarsan, V.; Vatsa, R.K.
2011-01-01
In recent years, advanced materials derived from Pyrochlore-type oxides (A 2 B 2 O 7 ), have been of extensive scientific and technological interest. Chemical substitution of A or B sites of pyrochlore oxide by rare earth ions is a widely used approach to prepare thermally stable, lanthanide ion doped luminescent materials. The present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of Eu 3+ doped Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 : nanoparticles prepared by the hydrolysis of Y 3+ , Sn 4+ , and Eu 3+ in ethylene glycol medium followed by heating at 700 deg C for 4 hours. As prepared samples are amorphous in nature and 700 deg C heated sample showed well crystalline pyrochlore structure in XRD studies. Average particle size is calculated from the width of the X-ray diffraction peaks and found to t be around 5 nm. Luminescence measurements were carried out for as prepared and 700 deg C heated samples. The undoped as prepared sample showed a broad emission peak around 420 nm after excitation at 285 nm. While for 700 deg C undoped heated sample, the peak maxima was shifted to 435 nm. The emission spectrum for doped as prepared samples is characterized by both host emission around 420 nm along with the characteristic Eu 3+ emission peaks in the visible region. However, very poor Eu 3+ emission from heated sample was observed
Synthesis, structural and luminescence properties of Bi3+ co-doped Y2Sn2O7:Tb nanoparticles
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nigam, S.; Sudarsan, V.; Vatsa, R.K.
2010-01-01
Full text: In recent years, advanced materials derived from Pyrochlore-type oxides (A 2 B 2 O 7 ) have been of extensive scientific and technological interest. Chemical substitution of A or B sites of pyrochlore oxide by rare earth ions is a widely used approach to prepare thermally stable, lanthanide ion doped luminescent materials. Due to the higher symmetry around the A and B sites in the lattice lanthanide ions like Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ when incorporated at the A or B sites give very poor luminescence. This problem can be avoided by incorporating other ions like Bi 3+ in the lattice so that the lattice gets distorted and luminescent intensity from the lanthanide ions increases. The present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of Bi 3+ co-doped Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 :Tb nanoparticles. For the preparation of Tb 3+ and Bi 3+ doped Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 nano-materials, Sn metal, Bi(NO 3 ) 3 , Tb 4 O 7 , Y 2 CO 3 , were used as starting materials. The solution containing Y 3+ , Sn 4+ ,and Bi 3+ -Tb 3+ in ethylene glycol medium was slowly heated up to 120 deg C and then subjected to urea hydrolysis. The obtained precipitate after washing was heated to 700 deg C. As prepared samples are amorphous in nature and 700 deg C heated sample showed well crystalline pyrochlore structure as revealed by the XRD studies. Average particles size is calculated from the width of the X-ray diffraction peaks and found to be ∼ 5 nm. TEM images of the nanoparticles obtained at 700 deg C shows very fine spherical particles having a diameter in the range of 2-5 nm. Luminescence measurements were carried out for as prepared and 700 deg C heated samples of 2.5%Tb doped Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 nanoparticles. Green emission characteristic 5 D 4 7 F 5 transition of Tb 3+ has been observed from as prepared sample but on heating to 700 deg C the emission characteristic of Tb 3+ ions got completely removed . However, there is a significant improvement in Tb 3+ emission from 2.5% Bi 3+ co-doped Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 :Tb 3
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Karamat, Nazia, E-mail: naziakaramatgoraya@yahoo.com [Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan); Ashiq, Muhammad Naeem, E-mail: naeemashiqqau@yahoo.com [Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan); Najam-ul-Haq, Muhammad [Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan); Ali, Irshad; Iqbal, M. Asif; Irfan, Muhammad [Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan); Abbas, Yasir; Athar, Muhammad [Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan)
2014-04-01
Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Normal microemulsion method has been used for the synthesis of zirconates nanomaterials. • Structure shifted towards highly disordered pyrochlore state with substitution. • The electrical resistivity increase with the vanadium content. • The dielectric constant show resonance behavior. • The synthesized materials are suitable for microwave devices. - Abstract: Disordered pyrochlore system with composition Ho{sub 2−x}V{sub x}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) has been synthesized by the normal microemulsion route to examine the effect of vanadium substitution on structural and electrical properties. The prepared compounds are characterized by several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), energy dispersive spectra (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature dependent electrical and frequency dependent dielectric measurements. The XRD analysis confirms the formation of disordered pyrochlore phase with crystallite size 7–30 nm while a second phase is also observed in the highly substituted materials. The increase in resistivity is attributed to the removal of low energy pathway due to cation disordering. The dielectric constant decreases due to lowering of dipole moment with substitution and its resonance behavior shifted toward higher frequencies. The electrical and dielectric measurements suggest that materials are suitable for high frequency electronic devices, such as oscillators, resonators and frequency filters.
Li+ transport properties of W substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 cubic lithium garnets
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
L. Dhivya
2013-08-01
Full Text Available Lithium garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ sintered at 1230 °C has received considerable importance in recent times as result of its high total (bulk + grain boundary ionic conductivity of 5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. In this work we report Li+ transport process of Li7−2xLa3Zr2−xWxO12 (x = 0.3, 0.5 cubic lithium garnets. Among the investigated compounds, Li6.4La3Zr1.7W0.3O12 sintered relatively at lower temperature 1100 °C exhibits highest room temperature (30 °C total (bulk + grain boundary ionic conductivity of 7.89 × 10−4 S cm−1. The temperature dependencies of the bulk conductivity and relaxation frequency in the bulk are governed by the same activation energy. Scaling the conductivity spectra for both Li6.4La3Zr1.7W0.3O12 and Li6La3Zr1.5W0.5O12 sample at different temperatures merges on a single curve, which implies that the relaxation dynamics of charge carriers is independent of temperature. The shape of the imaginary part of the modulus spectra suggests that the relaxation processes are non-Debye in nature. The present studies supports the prediction of optimum Li+ concentration required for the highest room temperature Li+ conductivity in LixLa3M2O12 is around x = 6.4 ± 0.1.
The origin of magnetism in transition metal-doped ZrO2 thin films: Experiment and theory
Hong, Nguyenhoa
2013-10-04
We have investigated the magnetic properties of Fe/Co/Ni-doped ZrO 2 laser ablated thin films in comparison with the known results of Mn-doped ZrO2, which is thought to be a promising material for spintronics applications. It is found that doping with a transition metal can induce room temperature ferromagnetism in \\'fake\\' diamond. Theoretical analysis based on density functional theory confirms the experimental measurements, by revealing that the magnetic moments of Mn- and Ni-doped ZrO2 thin films are much larger than that of Fe- or Co-doped ZrO2 thin films. Most importantly, our calculations confirm that Mn- and Ni-doped ZrO2 show a ferromagnetic ground state in comparison to Co- and Fe-doped ZrO 2, which favor an antiferromagnetic ground state. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Navas, Javier; Sánchez-Coronilla, Antonio; Aguilar, Teresa; De los Santos, Desireé M; Hernández, Norge C; Alcántara, Rodrigo; Fernández-Lorenzo, Concha; Martín-Calleja, Joaquín
2014-11-07
This is an experimental and theoretical study of thulium doped TiO2 nanoparticles. From an experimental perspective, a method was used to synthesize thulium-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in which Tm(3+) replaces Ti(4+) in the lattice, which to our knowledge has neither been reported nor studied theoretically so far. Different proportions of anatase and rutile phases were obtained at different annealing temperatures, and XRD and Raman spectroscopy also revealed the presence of a pyrochlore phase (Tm2Ti2O7) at 1173 K. Thus, the structure of the Tm-doped nanoparticles was thermally-controlled. Furthermore, XPS showed the presence of Tm(3+) in the samples synthesized, which produces oxygen vacancies to maintain the local neutrality in the lattice. The presence of Tm(3+) in the samples led to changes in the UV-Vis absorption spectra, so they showed photoluminescence properties and new states in the band gap, which produce a new lower energy electronic transition than the main TiO2 one. Periodic DFT calculations were performed to understand the experimentally produced structures. The production of oxygen vacancies was analysed and the changes generated in the structure were fully detailed. The DOS and PDOS analyses confirmed the experimental results obtained using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and showed that the new electronic states in the band gap are due to interactions of the f state of Tm and the p state of O. Likewise, the charge study and the ELF analysis indicate that when Tm is introduced into the TiO2 structure, the Ti-O bond around the oxygen vacancy is strengthened. Finally, an example of a photocatalytic application was developed to show the high efficiency of the samples due to the heterojunction in the interfaces of the phases in the samples, which improved the charge separation and the good charge carrier mobility due to the presence of the pyrochlore phase, as was also shown theoretically.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Rabasovic, M.S., E-mail: majap@ipb.ac.rs [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade (Serbia); Sevic, D. [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade (Serbia); Krizan, J. [Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia); Terzic, M. [Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad (Serbia); Mozina, J. [Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia); Marinkovic, B.P.; Savic-Sevic, S. [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade (Serbia); Mitric, M. [Vinča Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade (Serbia); Rabasovic, M.D.; Romcevic, N. [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade (Serbia)
2015-02-15
Highlights: • Nanopowders Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} doped by europium ions (Eu{sup 3+}) have been synthesized. • Their luminescence properties have been measured at room temperature. • The temporal evolution of laser induced phenomena are presented using time-resolved technique. • Lifetime analysis for luminescence bands in emission spectra has been done. - Abstract: Nanopowders based on gadolinium zirconium oxide (Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}) doped by europium ions (Eu{sup 3+}) were successfully prepared using a flame combustion method. This material is suitable for various optical devices. The structure of prepared materials has been confirmed and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The luminescence properties of synthesized nanopowders were characterized by emission spectra and luminescence lifetimes by using the streak camera system. PL spectra were obtained at three different excitation wavelengths (Optical Parametric Oscilator (OPO) at 360 nm, laser diode at 365 nm and Ar laser line at 514.5 nm). The strong emission lines at 611 nm and 630 nm corresponding to the {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 2} long lived transition could be used as a new red light source in optical devices.
Optical properties of ZrO2, SiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 xerogels and coatings doped with Eu3+ and Eu2+
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gonçalves Rogéria R.
1999-01-01
Full Text Available Eu3+ doped bulk monoliths and thin films were obtained by sol-gel methods in the ZrO2, SiO2 and SiO2-TiO2 systems. Eu3+ 5D0 ® 7FJ emission and decay time characteristics were measured during the entire experimental preparation route from the initial sol to the final xerogels. The crystalline phases identified were tetragonal ZrO2 and mixtures of rutile and anatase TiO2 at high temperature treatments in bulk samples. Good quality thin films were obtained for all systems by dip-coating optical glasses (Schott BK270. The same spectroscopic features were observed either for the bulk monoliths or the films. By appropriate heat treatments under H2 atmosphere Eu2+ containing samples could be obtained in the SiO2-TiO2 system.
Study of Pt–Rh/CeO2–ZrO2–MxOy (M = Y, La)/Al2O3 three-way catalysts
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jiaxiu, Guo; Zhonghua, Shi; Dongdong, Wu; Huaqiang, Yin; Maochu, Gong; Yaoqiang, Chen
2013-01-01
CeO 2 –ZrO 2 –M x O y (M = Y; La) mixed oxides, prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra (RM) and oxygen pulse reaction, were comparatively investigated to elucidate the combinational effects of Y and/or La oxide promoters on the catalytic activity and anti-aging performance of monolithic cordierite honeycomb catalysts with low Pt and Rh content. The catalytic activities, water-gas shift (WGS) and steam reforming reaction (SR) were studied under a simulated gas mixture. The catalysts were also characterized by H 2 -temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) and O 2 -temperature-programmed desorption (O 2 -TPD). The results showed that the prepared CeO 2 –ZrO 2 –M x O y oxides have a face-centered cubic fluorite structure and are nanosize. La 3+ ions can significantly improve thermal stability and efficiently retard CeO 2 –ZrO 2 crystal sintering and growth. Doped CeO 2 –ZrO 2 with Y 3+ and La 3+ has 105 and 60 m 2 /g surface area and 460 and 390 μmol/g OSC before and after aging. The T 50 of fresh Pt–Rh/CZYL/LA is 170 °C for CO, 222 °C for C 3 H 8 and 189 °C for NO, and shift to 205, 262 and 228 °C after hydrothermal aging, which are better than those of Pt–Rh/CZY/LA or Pt–Rh/CZL/LA. WGS and SR are relate to the OSC of oxygen storage materials and absorbed oxygen species on the catalyst surface and affect the three-way catalytic activities of catalysts. The reductive property of noble metals and the dissociatively adsorbed O 2 on the surface of catalysts are closely related to the catalytic activities.
Internal Friction of Li7La3Zr2O12 Based Lithium Ionic Conductors
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wang X.P.
2016-03-01
Full Text Available The diffusion mechanisms of lithium ions in tetragonal phase as well as in Al and Nb stabilized cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 compounds were investigated by low-frequency internal friction technique. In the cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 phase, a remarkable relaxation-type internal friction peak PC with a peak height up to 0.12 was observed in the temperature range from 15°C to 60°C. In the tetragonal phase however, the height of the PT peak dropped to 0.01. The obvious difference of the relaxation strength between the cubic and tetragonal phases is due to the different distribution of lithium ions in lattice, ordered in the tetragonal phase and disordered in the cubic phase. Based on the crystalline structure of the cubic garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 compound, it is suggested that the high internal friction peak in the cubic phase may be attributed to two diffusion processes of lithium ions: 96h↔96h and 96h↔24d.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jin, Ying; McGinn, Paul J.
2013-01-01
A simple, low-temperature route was developed to process bulk solid-state Li-ion batteries employing Al-doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 solid electrolyte (thickness: ∼ 0.5 mm; 25 °C conductivity: ∼ 2 × 10 −4 S cm −1 ). A composite Cu 0.1 V 2 O 5 –based slurry was directly painted on Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 and dried at 120 °C to prepare the cathode film. The opposite side of the electrolyte was subsequently exposed to molten Li to form the anode. The discharge capacity of the solid state battery was 53 mAh g −1 (calculated based on the weight of active cathode material) at room temperature with 5 μA cm −2 discharging current. Severe capacity decay occurred after the initial discharging. A comparable liquid electrolyte battery was tested at room temperature for comparison and had a much slower decay rate. However, when the operating temperature of the solid state battery was increased to 50 °C, the cell performance significantly improved. At 50 °C, the battery exhibited 176 mAh g −1 initial discharging capacity at 5 μA cm −2 current density and 93 mAh g −1 initial capacity under a 10 μA cm −2 discharging current density. After 20 cycles, the capacity decayed to 68.6 mAh g −1 when cycled at a 10 μA cm −2 current density. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the interface resistance of the battery at different temperatures. The results indicated that both the cathode and anode interface resistance were dramatically reduced at 50 °C. The decrease in interface resistances at elevated temperature is proposed as the main reason for the observed battery performance enhancement
Microstructures and mechanical properties of Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}/ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) ceramics
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ma, Lei [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819 (China); Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Application of Shenyang, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142 (China); Ma, Weimin, E-mail: maleisy2003@163.com [Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Application of Shenyang, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142 (China); Sun, Xudong, E-mail: xdsun@mail.neu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819 (China); Ji, Lianyong; Liu, Jianan; Hang, Kai [Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Application of Shenyang, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142 (China)
2015-09-25
Highlights: • Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}/ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) composites were prepared using vacuum sintering. • The phase composition and microstructure are studied. • Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}/ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) materials show superior mechanical properties. • The solid solution strengthening and stress-induced phase transformation toughening mechanism are proposed. • Two kinds of mechanisms explain the improvement of mechanical properties. - Abstract: Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}/ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) composite ceramics were prepared by vacuum sintering using Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} and ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) nanoparticles. The ceramics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the three-point-bending technique and single-edge-notched-beam tests. The effect of various proportions of ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) on the phase composition, microstructure, bending strength and fracture toughness of the final Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}/ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) composite ceramics was also analyzed. The change from m-ZrO{sub 2} to t-ZrO{sub 2} phase contents, before and after fracture, was measured using XRD quantitative phase analysis. The results confirm that, with the increasing content of ZrO{sub 2}(3Y), a phase transition from solid solution to saturated precipitation occurs and the bending strength and fracture toughness of the samples increase gradually. When the content of ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) reached 95 vol.%, the Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}/ZrO{sub 2}(3Y) composite ceramics had a bending strength of 547 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.5 MPa m{sup 1/2}, indicating that stress-induced phase transformation toughening was an efficient way to increase the mechanical properties of the Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramics.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tomar, Laxmi J., E-mail: laxmi-tomar86@yahoo.com; Bhatt, Piyush J.; Desai, Rahul K.; Chakrabarty, B. S.; Panchal, C. J. [Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India-390003 (India)
2016-05-23
TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} and Zn doped TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal method for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. The structural and optical properties were investigated by X –ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy respectively. XRD results revealed the formation of material in nano size. The average crystallite size is 22.32 nm, 17.41 nm and 6.31 nm for TiO{sub 2}, TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} and Zn doped TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} nanocomposites respectively. The optical bandgap varies from 2.04 eV to 3.75 eV. Dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using the prepared material. Pomegranate juice was used as a sensitizer and graphite coated conducting glass plate was used as counter electrode. The I – V characteristics were recorded to measure photo response of DSSC. Photovoltaic parameter like open circuit voltage, power conversion efficiency, and fill factor were evaluated for fabricated solar cell. The power conversion efficiency of DSSC fabricated with TiO{sub 2}, TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} and Zn doped TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} nanocomposites were found 0.71%, 1.97% and 4.58% respectively.
Structural study and electrical properties of Zr-doped Nd2Sn2O7 ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
applications as neutron absorbers and radioactive waste forms for final disposal. [2,3]. The cubic pyrochlore structure, space group Fd3m, has eight molecules of the general formula A2B2O6O in the unit cell. The anion array consists of three independent sites O(1), O(2) and O(3), occupying the locations 48f, 8a and 8b.
First-principles study on cubic pyrochlore iridates Y2Ir2O7 and Pr2Ir2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ishii, Fumiyuki; Mizuta, Yo Pierre; Kato, Takehiro; Ozaki, Taisuke; Weng Hongming; Onoda, Shigeki
2015-01-01
Fully relativistic first-principles electronic structure calculations based on a noncollinear local spin density approximation (LSDA) are performed for pyrochlore iridates Y 2 Ir 2 O 7 and Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 . The all-in, all-out antiferromagnetic (AF) order is stablized by the on-site Coulomb repulsion U > U c in the LSDA+U scheme, with U c ∼ 1.1 eV and 1.3 eV for Y 2 Ir 2 O 7 and Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 , respectively. AF semimetals with and without Weyl points and then a topologically trivial AF insulator successively appear with further increasing U. For U = 1.3 eV, Y 2 Ir 2 O 7 is a topologically trivial narrow-gap AF insulator having an ordered local magnetic moment ∼0.5μ B /Ir, while Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 is barely a paramagnetic semimetal with electron and hole concentrations of 0.016/Ir, in overall agreements with experiments. With decreasing oxygen position parameter x describing the trigonal compression of IrO 6 octahedra, Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 is driven through a non-Fermi-liquid semimetal having only an isolated Fermi point of Γ 8 + , showing a quadratic band touching, to a Z 2 topological insulator. (author)
High pressure phase transitions and compressibilities of Er2Zr2O7 and Ho2Zr2O7
Zhang, F. X.; Lang, M.; Becker, U.; Ewing, R. C.; Lian, J.
2008-01-01
Phase stability and compressibility of rare earth zirconates with the defect-fluorite structure were investigated by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction. A sluggish defect-fluorite to a cotunnitelike phase transformation occurred at pressures of ˜22 and ˜30GPa for Er2Zr2O7 and Ho2Zr2O7, respectively. Enhanced compressibility was found for the high pressure phase as a result of increasing cation coordination number and cation-anion bond length.
High Pressure Phase Transitions and Compressibilities of Er2Zr2O7 and Ho2Zr2O7
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang,F.; Lang, M.; Becker, U.; Ewing, R.; Lian, J.
2008-01-01
Phase stability and compressibility of rare earth zirconates with the defect-fluorite structure were investigated by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction. A sluggish defect-fluorite to a cotunnitelike phase transformation occurred at pressures of {approx} 22 and {approx} 30 GPa for Er2Zr2O7 and Ho2Zr2O7, respectively. Enhanced compressibility was found for the high pressure phase as a result of increasing cation coordination number and cation-anion bond length.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, Minghui; Wen, Haiqin [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050 (China); Yu, Huimei [Analysis and Testing Center of Inorganic Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050 (China); Ai, Fei [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050 (China); Shao, Hui [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003 (China); Pan, Xiuhong; Tang, Meibo; Yu, Jianding; Gai, Lijun [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050 (China); Liu, Yan, E-mail: liuyan@mail.sic.ac.cn [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050 (China)
2016-07-05
Bulk Ho{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+} co-doped La{sub 2}O{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2}–ZrO{sub 2} glass spheres were fabricated by aerodynamic levitation method. High concentration of Yb{sup 3+} ions was successfully doped in glasses. The effects of Yb{sup 3+} concentration on mechanical properties, Raman, absorption spectra, thermal stability, and glass forming ability were studied systematically. Green, red, and infrared emissions centered at 550, 662, and 758 nm were obtained at 980 nm excitation. Yellow light from glass spheres can be easily observed by naked eyes. As Yb{sup 3+} concentration increases, the upconversion luminescence can be improved obviously. The upconversion luminescence mechanism is a two-photon process of energy transfer, excited state absorption, and energy back transfer. The emission intensity can be enhanced in the samples with high Yb{sup 3+} concentration, since the absorption for the incident laser and the energy transfer efficiency are increased, and the nonradiative relaxation probability is reduced. The light color referring to the ratio for red to green emissions can be tuned by Yb{sup 3+} concentration. Ho{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+} co-doped La{sub 2}O{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2}–ZrO{sub 2} glasses show promising comprehensive properties and are helpful to speed the application of upconversion luminescence materials. - Highlights: • Ho{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+} doped titanate glasses are prepared by containerless processing. • The effects of Yb{sup 3+} on thermal and mechanical properties have been studied. • High concentration of Yb{sup 3+} is favorable to upconversion luminescence. • The mechanisms are energy transfer, excited state absorption, energy back transfer.
Structural, magnetic, and electronic transport properties of pyrochlore iridate Pr2Ir2O7
Kumar, Harish; Chaurasia, Rachna; Kumari, Pratibha; Paramanik, A. K.
2018-04-01
We have studied the structural, magnetic, and electronic transport properties of pyrochlore iridate Pr2Ir2O7. Structural investigation has been done using x-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis. Pr2Ir2O7 crystallize in cubic crystallographic phase with Fd-3m space group. Temperature dependent magnetization data does not show magnetic bifurcation down to 2 K. Electrical resistivity data of Pr2Ir2O7 exhibits metallic behavior throughout temperature range. Below 50 K, a small rise in resistivity data of Pr2Ir2O7 is observed down to 12 K.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gladkov, V.E.; Zhekhanova, N.B.; Fotiev, A.A.; Viktorov, V.V.; Ivashinnikov, V.T.; Zubov, A.S.
1985-01-01
The effect of titanium and calcium containing additions introduced into the Al 2 O 3 +ZrO 2 melt on the phase composition and temperature ranges of ZrO 2 polymorphous transformation in the material is investigated. It is shown that introducing sponge titanium into the 70Al 2 O 3 +30ZrO 2 prepared composition melt (mass. %) with its subsequent intensive cooling one can conserve upto room temperatures 50-70% of ZrO 2 metastable tetragonal modification and therefore reduce the volume changes causing metal cracking. Calcium oxide doping stabilizes the ZrO 2 cubic modification and reduces α-Al 2 O 3 content due to formation of aluminates
Anisotropy of the irreversibility field for Zr-doped $(Y,Gd)Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ thin films up to 45T
Tarantini, C.; Jaroszynski, J.; Kametani, F.; Zuev, Y. L.; Gurevich, A.; Chen, Y.; Selvamanickam, V.; Larbalestier, D. C.; Christen, D. K.
2012-01-01
The anisotropic irreversibility field B$_{Irr}$ of two $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ thin films doped with additional rare earth (RE)=(Gd,Y) and Zr and containing strong correlated pins (splayed BaZrO$_{3}$ nanorods, and $RE_2O_3$ nanoprecipitates), has been measured over a very broad range up to 45T at temperatures 56 K
Phase Competition in the Palmer-Chalker X Y Pyrochlore Er2Pt2O7
Hallas, A. M.; Gaudet, J.; Butch, N. P.; Xu, Guangyong; Tachibana, M.; Wiebe, C. R.; Luke, G. M.; Gaulin, B. D.
2017-11-01
We report neutron scattering measurements on Er2Pt2O7 , a new addition to the X Y family of frustrated pyrochlore magnets. Symmetry analysis of our elastic scattering data shows that Er2Pt2O7 orders into the k =0 , Γ7 magnetic structure (the Palmer-Chalker state), at TN=0.38 K . This contrasts with its sister X Y pyrochlore antiferromagnets Er2Ti2O7 and Er2Ge2O7 , both of which order into Γ5 magnetic structures at much higher temperatures, TN=1.2 and 1.4 K, respectively. In this temperature range, the magnetic heat capacity of Er2Pt2O7 contains a broad anomaly centered at T*=1.5 K . Our inelastic neutron scattering measurements reveal that this broad heat capacity anomaly sets the temperature scale for strong short-range spin fluctuations. Below TN=0.38 K , Er2Pt2O7 displays a gapped spin-wave spectrum with an intense, flat band of excitations at lower energy and a weak, diffusive band of excitations at higher energy. The flat band is well described by classical spin-wave calculations, but these calculations also predict sharp dispersive branches at higher energy, a striking discrepancy with the experimental data. This, in concert with the strong suppression of TN, is attributable to enhanced quantum fluctuations due to phase competition between the Γ7 and Γ5 states that border each other within a classically predicted phase diagram.
Study of directionally solidified eutectic Al2O3-ZrO2(3%Y2O3 doped with TiO2
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Peña, J. I.
2007-06-01
Full Text Available An study of directionally grown samples of the eutectic composition in the Al2O3-ZrO2 (3 mol% Y2O3 system, with small TiO2 additions (1 wt%, is presented. The microstructural changes induced by this addition are analysed using SEM (EDX techniques. The mechanical changes, when TiO2 is added, are studied by measuring the flexural strength by three point bending. Also, the toughness is determined by Vickers indentation method. When slow growth rates (10 mm/h are used, interpenetratred and homogeneous microstructure is obtained, independently of the TiO2 doping. When growth rates are higher (300 and 1000 mm/h the structure changes and the phases are organized in form of colonies or cells, which have smaller size when TiO2 is present. This size reduction is accompanied with an increase of the toughness.Este trabajo presenta un estudio de muestras crecidas direccionalmente del sistema Al2O3-ZrO2 (3 mol% Y2O3 en su composición eutéctica con pequeñas adiciones de óxido de titanio (1% de TiO2 en peso. Se analizan los cambios microestructurales inducidos por esta adición mediante SEM (EDX y se estudian los cambios en su comportamiento mecánico medido por flexión en tres puntos, así como la tenacidad de fractura mediante indentación Vickers. Con velocidades lentas de solidificación (10 mm/h se obtiene en ambos casos una microestructura homogénea e interpenetrada, mientras que a velocidades mayores, 300 y 1000 mm/h, se forma una estructura en las que las fases se organizan en forma de colonias o células, siendo éstas de menor tamaño en las muestras dopadas. Esta disminución en el tamaño viene acompañada de un aumento de la tenacidad de fractura medida por indentación.
Durability of an La2Zr2O7 waste form in water
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hayakawa, I.; Kamizono, H.
1993-01-01
The effects of time, temperature and pH on the leaching rates of a La 2 Zr 2 O 7 waste form were studied. The leaching rates of each constituent measured in deionized water and an alkaline solution (pH = 10) were less than about 10 -5 g m -2 d -1 at 90 0 C and were smaller than those in an acid solution (pH = 1) by one order of magnitude. It was found that the leaching rate of zirconium obtained after immersion for 34 days decreases with increasing temperature in an acid solution. This exceptional phenomenon is attributed to the formation and decomposition of zirconium complexes with CO 3 2- ligands. (author)
Thermoluminescence induced by UV radiation in ZrO2-La2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2 mixed systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Estrada G, R.; Salas C, P.; Mendoza A, D.; Gonzalez, P.R.
2002-01-01
Nowadays, the development of catalytic materials by means of pure or mixed oxides mainly as TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 and CeO 2 used as support or active phases, are widely used in oxidation-reduction reactions in the chemical industry and in petroleum refining processes. the cerium and lanthanum oxides in zircon, have been studied recently in processes for reduction of pollutant gases (SO x , NO x , etc.). They result very interesting for resolving the problems of environmental pollution. Moreover, it has been observed that some of these materials are highly sensitive to ultraviolet radiation (UV), characteristic that can be took in advantage for detecting this type of radiation. In this work the preliminary obtained results on the thermoluminescent response (Tl) induced by the UV radiation in ZrO 2 -La 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 -CeO 2 mixed systems obtained by the sol-gel method are presented. The results show that the first system has a high sensitivity to UV radiation with a Tl curve composed by three peaks, two ones of greater intensity located in 70 and 140 Centigrade degrees. Likewise it was observed that for both materials, the peak located at low temperature is fadeout in few minutes after irradiation, while that the second one peak presented very good stability, resulting promising for dosimetric applications in UV radiation fields. (Author)
The solubility and site preference of Fe3+ in Li7-3xFexLa3Zr2O12 garnets
Rettenwander, D.; Geiger, C. A.; Tribus, M.; Tropper, P.; Wagner, R.; Tippelt, G.; Lottermoser, W.; Amthauer, G.
2015-10-01
A series of Fe3+-bearing Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnets was synthesized using solid-state synthesis methods. The synthetic products were characterized compositionally using electron microprobe analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and structurally using X-ray powder diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. A maximum of about 0.25 Fe3+ pfu could be incorporated in Li7-3xFexLa3Zr2O12 garnet solid solutions. At Fe3+ concentrations lower than about 0.16 pfu, both tetragonal and cubic garnets were obtained in the synthesis experiments. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed only a garnet phase for syntheses with starting materials having intended Fe3+ contents lower than 0.52 Fe3+ pfu. Back-scattered electron images made with an electron microprobe also showed no phase other than garnet for these compositions. The lattice parameter, a0, for all solid-solution garnets is similar with a value of a0≈12.98 Å regardless of the amount of Fe3+. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements indicate the presence of poorly- or nano-crystalline FeLaO3 in syntheses with Fe3+ contents greater than 0.16 Fe3+ pfu. The composition of different phase pure Li7-3xFexLa3Zr2O12 garnets, as determined by electron microprobe (Fe, La, Zr) and ICP-OES (Li) measurements, give Li6.89Fe0.03La3.05Zr2.01O12, Li6.66Fe0.06La3.06Zr2.01O12, Li6.54Fe0.12La3.01Zr1.98O12, and Li6.19Fe0.19La3.02Zr2.04O12. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of cubic Li6.54Fe0.12La3.01Zr1.98O12 garnet indicates that most Fe3+ occurs at the special crystallographic 24d position, which is the standard tetrahedrally coordinated site in garnet. Fe3+ in smaller amounts occurs at a general 96h site, which is only present for certain Li-oxide garnets, and in Li6.54Fe0.12La3.01Zr1.98O12 this Fe3+ has a distorted 4-fold coordination.
Characterization of gadolinium-doped ZrO2 films exposed to ultraviolet light
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sanchez R, A.; Azorin, J.; Rivera, T.
2003-01-01
This paper presents the results of characterizing gadolinium-doped ZrO 2 (ZrO 2 : Gd) films, both morphological and respect to their optical and thermoluminescent properties after irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. ZrO 2 presented crystalline structure in monoclinic phase; its absorption spectrum exhibited a peak at 274 and 277 nm for films deposited on glass and quartz substrates respectively. The optimum concentration of the dopant was found to be 12%. ZrO 2 : Gd presents its maximum Tl response when it is exposed to lJV light of wavelength in the range from 240 to 245 nm; its glow curve shows apparently one peak, which probably is the overlapping of various peaks. (Author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Xu, Z.H. [Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Department 5, P.O. Box 81-5, Beijing 100095 (China); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China); Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); He, L.M., E-mail: he_limin@yahoo.com [Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Department 5, P.O. Box 81-5, Beijing 100095 (China); Mu, R.D.; He, S.M.; Huang, G.H. [Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Department 5, P.O. Box 81-5, Beijing 100095 (China); Cao, X.Q., E-mail: xcao@ciac.jl.cn [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China)
2010-03-15
Double-ceramic-layer (DCL) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of La{sub 2}(Zr{sub 0.7}Ce{sub 0.3}){sub 2}O{sub 7} (LZ7C3) and La{sub 2}Ce{sub 2}O{sub 7} (LC) were deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The composition, interdiffusion, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, cyclic oxidation behavior of DCL coating were studied. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that both LZ7C3 and LC coatings are effectively fabricated by a single LZ7C3 ingot with properly controlling the deposition energy. The chemical compatibility of LC coating and thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer is unstable. LaAlO{sub 3} is formed due to the chemical reaction between LC and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} which is the main composition of TGO layer. Additionally, the thermal cycling behavior of DCL coating is influenced by the interdiffusion of Zr and Ce between LZ7C3 and LC coatings. The failure of DCL coating is a result of the sintering of LZ7C3 coating surface, the chemical incompatibility of LC coating and TGO layer and the abnormal oxidation of bond coat. Since no single material that has been studied so far satisfies all the requirements for high temperature applications, DCL coating is an important development direction of TBCs.
Han, Weidong; Ding, Bin; Park, Mira; Cui, Fuhai; Ghouri, Zafar Khan; Saud, Prem Singh; Kim, Hak-Yong
2015-08-01
Novel luminescent and amorphous La2O3-ZrO2:Eu3+ (LZE) nanofibrous membranes with robust softness are fabricated for the first time via a facile electrospinning technique. By incorporating zirconium oxide, the as-prepared lanthanum oxide nanofibrous membranes can be dramatically changed from extreme fragility to robust softness. Meanwhile, the softness and luminescent performance of LZE nanofibrous membranes can be finely controlled by regulating the doping concentration of zirconium oxide and europium in lanthanum oxide nanofibers. Additionally, the crystal structure analysis using X-ray diffractometer and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements have confirmed the correlation between the amorphous structure and softness. Furthermore, LZE membranes show the characteristic emission of Eu3+ corresponding to 5D0, 1, 2-7F0, 1, 2, 3, 4 transitions due to an efficient energy transfer from O2- to Eu3+. The LZE nanofibrous membranes with the optimum doping Eu3+ concentration of 3 mol% exhibit excellent softness and luminescent properties, which make the materials to have potential applications in fluorescent lamps and field emission displays.Novel luminescent and amorphous La2O3-ZrO2:Eu3+ (LZE) nanofibrous membranes with robust softness are fabricated for the first time via a facile electrospinning technique. By incorporating zirconium oxide, the as-prepared lanthanum oxide nanofibrous membranes can be dramatically changed from extreme fragility to robust softness. Meanwhile, the softness and luminescent performance of LZE nanofibrous membranes can be finely controlled by regulating the doping concentration of zirconium oxide and europium in lanthanum oxide nanofibers. Additionally, the crystal structure analysis using X-ray diffractometer and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements have confirmed the correlation between the amorphous structure and softness. Furthermore, LZE membranes show the characteristic emission of Eu3
Ozawa, Masakuni; Matsumoto, Masashi; Hattori, Masatomo
2018-01-01
Photoluminescent Eu-doped ZrO2 and Zr1- x Ce x O2 (x = 0-0.2) nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra indicated the formation of tetragonal crystals of ZrO2 and its solid solutions with a grain size of less than 10 nm diameter after heat treatment at 400 °C. The photoemission spectra of Zr1- x Ce x O2:Eu3+ nanocrystalline samples showed the typical emission of Eu3+ ions assigned to 5D0 → 7F1 (590 nm) and 5D0 → 7F2 (610 nm) transitions and additional emissions of 5D0 → 7F J with higher J of 3-5. Increasing the CeO2 concentration reduced the emission intensity, and the emission peak shift was affected by a local lattice distortion, i.e., CeO2 concentration. The present study provided fundamental knowledge that is expected to enable the fabrication of ZrO2-based nanocrystal phosphor materials and a measure for controlling the emission peak shift and intensity in oxide fluorite-based phosphor.
Cai, Y. Q.; Cui, Q.; Li, X.; Dun, Z. L.; Ma, J.; dela Cruz, C.; Jiao, Y. Y.; Liao, J.; Sun, P. J.; Li, Y. Q.; Zhou, J. S.; Goodenough, J. B.; Zhou, H. D.; Cheng, J.-G.
2016-01-01
We report on the high-pressure syntheses and detailed characterizations of two effective pseudospin S =1 /2 XY pyrochlores E r2P t2O7 and Y b2P t2O7 via x-ray/neutron powder diffraction, dc and ac magnetic susceptibility, and specific-heat measurements down to 70 mK. We found that both compounds undergo long-range magnetic transitions at TN ,C≈0.3 K , which are ascribed to an antiferromagnetic- and ferromagnetic-type order for E r2P t2O7 and Y b2P t2O7 , respectively, based on the field dependence of their transition temperatures as well as the systematic comparisons with other similar pyrochlores R2B2O7 (R =Er ,Yb ;B =Sn ,Ti ,Ge ). The observed TN of E r2P t2O7 is much lower than that expected from the relationship of TN versus the ionic radius of B4 + derived from the series of E r2B2O7 , while the TC of Y b2P t2O7 is the highest among the series of ferromagnetic compounds Y b2B2O7 (B =Sn ,Pt ,Ti ). Given the monotonic variation of the lattice constant as a function of the B -cation size across these two series of R2B2O7 (R =Er ,Yb ), the observed anomalous values of TN ,C in the Pt-based XY pyrochlores imply that another important factor beyond the nearest-neighbor R -R distance is playing a role. In light of the anisotropic exchange interactions Jex={Jz z,J±,J±±,Jz ± } for the S =1 /2 XY pyrochlores, we have rationalized these observations by considering a weakened (enhanced) antiferromagnetic planar J± (ferromagnetic Ising-like Jz z) due to strong Pt 5 d -O 2 p hybridization within the plane perpendicular to the local [111] direction.
Isotope effect on superconductivity and Raman phonons of Pyrochlore Cd2Re2O7
Razavi, F. S.; Hajialamdari, M.; Reedyk, M.; Kremer, R. K.
2018-06-01
Cd2Re2O7 is the only α-Pyrochlore exhibiting superconductivity with a transition temperature (Tc) of ∼ 1 K. In this study, we present the effect of oxygen isotope (18O) as well as combined 18O and cadmium isotope (116Cd) substitution on the superconductivity and Raman scattering spectrum of Cd2Re2O7. The change of Tc and the energy gap Δ(T) are reported using various techniques including point contact spectroscopy. The shift in Raman phonon frequencies upon isotope substitution will be compared with measurement of the isotope effect on the superconducting transition temperature.
Two-magnon scattering in the 5d all-in-all-out pyrochlore magnet Cd2Os2O7.
Nguyen, Thi Minh Hien; Sandilands, Luke J; Sohn, C H; Kim, C H; Wysocki, Aleksander L; Yang, In-Sang; Moon, S J; Ko, Jae-Hyeon; Yamaura, J; Hiroi, Z; Noh, Tae Won
2017-08-15
5d pyrochlore oxides with all-in-all-out magnetic order are prime candidates for realizing strongly correlated, topological phases of matter. Despite significant effort, a full understanding of all-in-all-out magnetism remains elusive as the associated magnetic excitations have proven difficult to access with conventional techniques. Here we report a Raman spectroscopy study of spin dynamics in the all-in-all-out magnetic state of the 5d pyrochlore Cd 2 Os 2 O 7 . Through a comparison between the two-magnon scattering and spin-wave theory, we confirm the large single ion anisotropy in this material and show that the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and exchange interactions play a significant role in the spin-wave dispersions. The Raman data also reveal complex spin-charge-lattice coupling and indicate that the metal-insulator transition in Cd 2 Os 2 O 7 is Lifshitz-type. Our work establishes Raman scattering as a simple and powerful method for exploring the spin dynamics in 5d pyrochlore magnets.Pyrochlore 5d transition metal oxides are expected to have interesting forms of magnetic order but are hard to study with conventional probes. Here the authors show that Raman scattering can be used to measure magnetic excitations in Cd 2 Os 2 O 7 and that it exhibits complex spin-charge-lattice coupling.
Thermoluminescence of magnesium doped zirconium oxide (ZrO2:Mg) UV irradiated
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rivera Montalvo, Teodoro; Furetta, Claudio
2008-01-01
Full text: The monitoring of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) different thermoluminescent (TL) materials have been used to measure UVR. UV dosimetry using thermoluminescence phenomena has been suggested in the past by several authors. This technique has an advantage over others methods due to the readout of the samples. Other advantages of these phosphors are their small size, portability, lack of any power requirements, linear response to increasing radiation dose and high sensitivity. Zirconium oxide, recently received full attention in view of their possible use as thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), if doped with suitable activators, in radiation dosimetry. In the present investigation thermoluminescent (TL) properties of magnesium doped zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 :Mg) under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) were studied. The ZrO 2 :Mg powder of size 30-40 nm, having mono clinical structure, exhibit a thermoluminescent glow curve with one peak centered at 180 C degrees. The TL response of ZrO 2 :Mg as a function ultraviolet radiation exhibits four maxima centered at 230, 260, 310 and 350 nmn. TL response of ZrO 2 :Mg as a function of spectral irradiance of UV Light was linear in a wide range. Fading and reusability of the phosphor were also studied. The results showed that ZrO 2 :Mg nano powder has the potential to be used as a UV dosemeter in UVR dosimetry. (author)
Glass forming in La2O3-TiO2-ZrO2 ternary system by containerless processing
Kaneko, Masashi; Kentei Yu, Yu; Kumar, Vijaya; Masuno, Atsunobu; Inoue, Hiroyuki; Odawara, Osamu; Yoda, Shinichi
The containerless processing is an appropriate method to create new glasses, because it sup-presses nucleation at the boundary between liquid and crucible during solidification and it enables molten samples to be solidified without crystallization. Recently, we have succeeded in forming BaTi2 O5 glass in the bulk state by using an aerodynamic levitation furnace. BaTi2 O5 glass includes no traditional glass network former and it possesses high electric permittivity [1, 2]. From the point of view of optical application, BaTi2 O5 glass has high refractive indices over 2.1. BaTi2 O5 glass, however, vitrify only in a small sphere, and it crystallize when its diameter exceed 1.5 mm. In order to synthesize new titanate oxide glasses which possess higher refractive indices and larger diameter than BaTi2 O5 , La and Zr can be used as substitutive components. When Ba is replaced with La, refractive indices are expected to increase because of the heavier element. The addition of a third element is thought to be effective for enhance-ment of glass formation ability and Zr can be a candidate because Ti and Zr are homologous. In this research, we have succeeded in forming new bulk glass in La2 O3 -TiO2 -ZrO2 ternary system by means of the aerodynamic levitation furnace. We investigated the glass forming region, thermal properties and optical properties of La2 O3 -TiO2 -ZrO2 glass. Glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, density, refractive indices and transmittance spectra were varied depending on the chemical composition. Reference [1] J. Yu et al, "Fabrication of BaTi2O5 Glass-Ceramics with Unusual Dielectric Properties during Crystallization", Chem-istry of Materials, 18 (2006) 2169-2173. [2] J. Yu et al., "Comprehensive Structural Study of Glassy and Metastable Crystalline BaTi2O5", Chemistry of Materials, 21 (2009) 259-263.
Low-temperature synthesis of Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} with cubic garnet-type structure
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Xie, Hui [Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.184, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Li, Yutao [Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.184, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Goodenough, John B., E-mail: jgoodenough@mail.utexas.edu [Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.184, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States)
2012-05-15
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer One-step synthesis and its optimization of cubic garnet Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} at 750 Degree-Sign C. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Instability above 800 Degree-Sign C of the Al-free cubic Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Li{sup +}-ion conductivity without adventitious Al{sup 3+}. -- Abstract: In this paper, we report the direct synthesis of Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} with the cubic garnet-type structure at low temperature with a lattice constant of 13.0035 Angstrom-Sign . The synthesis condition is optimized to be at 750 Degree-Sign C for 8 h with 30 wt% excess lithium salt. No intermediate grinding was involved in this straightforward route. Without the adventitious of Al{sup 3+}, the cubic Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} is unstable above 800 Degree-Sign C and has an ionic conductivity of the order of 10{sup -6} S cm{sup -1}.
Zr-doped SnO2 thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique for barrier layers in solar cells
Reddy, N. Nanda Kumar; Akkera, Harish Sharma; Sekhar, M. Chandra; Park, Si-Hyun
2017-12-01
In the present work, we investigated the effect of Zr doping (0-6 at%) on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of tin oxide (SnO2) thin films deposited onto glass substrates using a spray pyrolysis technique. The room-temperature X-ray diffraction pattern shows that all deposited films exhibit polycrystalline tetragonal structure. The pure SnO2 film is grown along a preferred (200) direction, whereas Zr-doped SnO2 (Zr:SnO2) films started growing along the (220) orientation along with a high intensity peak of (200). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that the grains of the films are spherical in structure, and the grain size decreased with increasing of Zr concentration. The optical transmission spectra of deposited films as a function of wavelength confirm that the average optical transmittance is > 85% for Zr:SnO2 films. The value of the optical bandgap is significantly decreased from 3.94 to 3.68 eV with increasing Zr concentration. Furthermore, the electrical measurements found that the sheet resistance ( R sh) and resistivity ( ρ) values are decreased with increasing of Zr doping. The lowest values of R sh = 6.82 Ω and ρ = 0.4 × 10- 3 Ω cm are found in 6-at% Zr-doped SnO2 film. In addition, a good efficiency value of the figure of merit ( ɸ = 3.35 × 10- 3 Ω-1) is observed in 6-at% Zr-doped SnO2 film. These outstanding properties of Zr-doped SnO2 films make them useful for several optoelectronic device applications.
Pyrochlore as nuclear waste form. Actinide uptake and chemical stability
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Finkeldei, Sarah Charlotte
2015-01-01
crystal structure were synthesised via a wet-chemical coprecipitation route to obtain highly homogeneous ceramics. Their structure-properties relationships were studied by a combination of different characterisation techniques, e.g. powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and luminescence spectroscopy. These complementary techniques were chosen to gain insight into the radionuclide uptake and order-disorder transition from a bulk to a local structural level. The transition of pyrochlore to the less ordered defect fluorite phase was examined by XRD and TEM and recognized to be a gradual transition. This transition was proven to have no significant impact on the aqueous durability under acidic conditions. In addition to their high radiation tolerance ZrO 2 based pyrochlores are therefore expected to ensure high long-term durability even during the decay of embedded radionuclides. The radionuclide uptake on well-defined lattice positions within the pyrochlore crystal structure was probed by luminescence spectroscopy (time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy, TRLFS) of Cm and Eu doped La 2 Zr 2 O 2 pyrochlores and defect fluorite samples. TRLFS is an ideal method to unravel the lattice site by probing the local environment of the dopant. According to TRLFS results Eu and Cm adopt the A site within the pyrochlore crystal structure and regular cation lattice sites in the defect fluorite. In addition, a minor species is present in the pyrochlore which was identical to the major species observed in the defect fluorite. Vice versa, the defect fluorite contains a minor species which has adopted the pyrochlore environment. This is in good agreement with the TEM findings. Due to the different pyrochlore and defect fluorite species, TRLFS could be used as a tool to quantify radiation damage in ZrO 2 based pyrochlore nuclear waste forms. In order to more closely imitate a realistic waste form 5 mol% and 10 mol% Pu-pyrochlores
Ozgurluk, Yasin; Doleker, Kadir Mert; Karaoglanli, Abdullah Cahit
2018-04-01
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are mostly used in critical components of aircraft gas turbine engines. Hot corrosion is among the main deteriorating factors in TBCs which results from the effect of molten salt on the coating-gas interface. This type of corrosion is observed as a result of contamination accumulated during combustion processes. Fuels used in aviation industry generally contain impurities such as vanadium oxide (V2O5) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). These impurities damage turbines' inlet at elevated temperatures because of chemical reaction. Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a conventional top coating material for TBCs while Gd2Zr2O7 is a new promising top coating material for TBCs. In this study, CoNiCrAlY metallic bond coat was deposited on Inconel 718 nickel based superalloy substrate material with a thickness about 100 μm using cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS) method. Production of TBCs were done with deposition of YSZ, Gd2Zr2O7, YSZ/Gd2Zr2O7 ceramic top coating materials using EB-PVD method, having a total thickness of 300 μm. Hot corrosion behavior of YSZ, Gd2Zr2O7, YSZ/Gd2Zr2O7 TBC systems were exposed to 45 wt.% Na2SO4 and 55 wt.% V2O5 molten salt mixtures at 1000 °C temperature. TBC samples were investigated and compared using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The hot corrosion failure mechanisms of YSZ, Gd2Zr2O7 and YSZ/Gd2Zr2O7 TBCs in the molten salts were evaluated.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ceron R, P. V.; Rivera M, T.; Ramos G, A. I.; Guzman M, J.; Montes R, E., E-mail: victceronr@hotmail.com [IPN, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Av. Legaria No. 694, Col. Irrigacion, 11500 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)
2015-10-15
Full text: The metal oxides doped with rare earths have presented good thermoluminescent properties for certain wavelengths in the UV. With respect to zirconium oxide exist several studies in which were incorporated impurities and their properties as dosimeter in several regions of the electromagnetic spectrum were analyzed. Because of this background, in this material thermoluminescent glow curves induced by UV in films of ZrO{sub 2}:Eu and ZrO{sub 2}:Tb were studied for comparison with the response of the material doped with two rare earths (ZrO{sub 2}:Eu + Tb). Samples were deposited on glass by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique with different synthesis parameters. It was found that the strongest Tl response was to ZrO{sub 2} film doped with terbium (14 times more intense than the film of ZrO{sub 2}:Eu and 6 times the response of ZrO{sub 2}:Eu + Tb). (Author)
Atomic layer deposition and properties of mixed Ta2O5 and ZrO2 films
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kaupo Kukli
2017-02-01
Full Text Available Thin solid films consisting of ZrO2 and Ta2O5 were grown by atomic layer deposition at 300 °C. Ta2O5 films doped with ZrO2, TaZr2.75O8 ternary phase, or ZrO2 doped with Ta2O5 were grown to thickness and composition depending on the number and ratio of alternating ZrO2 and Ta2O5 deposition cycles. All the films grown exhibited resistive switching characteristics between TiN and Pt electrodes, expressed by repetitive current-voltage loops. The most reliable windows between high and low resistive states were observed in Ta2O5 films mixed with relatively low amounts of ZrO2, providing Zr to Ta cation ratio of 0.2.
Atomic-Scale Structure of Al2O3-ZrO2 Mixed Oxides Prepared by Laser Ablation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yang Xiuchun; Dubiel, M.; Hofmeister, H.; Riehemann, W.
2007-01-01
By means of x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, the phase composition and atomic structure of laser evaporated ZrO2 and ZrO2-Al2O3 nanopowders have been studied. The results indicate that pure ZrO2 exists in the form of tetragonal structure, Al2O3 doped ZrO2 nanoparticles, however, have cubic structure. Compared to bulk tetragonal ZrO2, pure tetragonal ZrO2 nanoparticles have a shorter Zr-O- and Zr-Zr shell, indicating that the lattice contracts with decreasing particle size. For Al2O3 doped ZrO2 solid solution, the distances of first Zr-O and Zr-Zr (Al) coordination decrease with increasing solid solubility. The disorder degree of the ZrO2 lattice increases with increasing solid solubility. The coevaporated ZrO2-Al2O3 is quickly solidified into amorphous phase when it is ablated in a higher pressure. The amorphous phase contains Zr-O-Zr (Al) clusters and has shorter Zr-O distance and tower Zr-O coordination number
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Soulié, Aurélien, E-mail: aurelien.soulie@cea.fr [CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette (France); CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Appliqué, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette (France); Menut, Denis [CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Appliqué, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette (France); Crocombette, Jean-Paul [CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette (France); Chartier, Alain [CEA, DEN, Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement, Laboratoire de Modélisation, de Thermodynamique et de Thermochimie, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette (France); Sellami, Neila [Univ. Paris Sud, ICMMO-SP2M, Bât. 410, F-91405 Orsay (France); Sattonnay, Gaël [Univ. Paris-Sud, CSNSM, CNRS, IN2P3, Bât. 108, F-91405 Orsay (France); Monnet, Isabelle [CIMAP, CEA, CNRS, Université de Caen, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen Cedex 5 (France); and others
2016-11-15
The disordering sequence of Y{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} pyrochlore, a nano-oxide phase that strengthens ODS steels under irradiation is studied in the experimental and modeling framework. XRD analysis has been performed considering both swift heavy ion and low energy/low mass ion irradiations. The simulation within molecular dynamics of Frenkel pair accumulation proves able to reproduce the variation of the amorphization fluence with temperature. XRD patterns calculated from the simulations reproduce well the patterns observed experimentally in the literature. Both experiments and calculations point to a first transition from pyrochlore to fluorite before an eventual amorphization. For swift heavy ion irradiations with 93 MeV Xe ions, tracks of direct impact amorphization are visible by HRTEM. Advanced refinement shows that one third of the pyrochlore impacted by an ion transforms into fluorite, while two third are directly amorphized. - Highlights: • A comparison between swift heavy ion and low energy/low mass ion irradiation of Y{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} pyrochlore is performed. • Simulations of the irradiation with Molecular dynamics reproduce the amorphization dose at low energy/mass ion irradiation. • Advanced refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns gives the evolution of phase fractions in pyrochlore under irradiation. • The disordering sequence a transition from pyrochlore to defect fluorite before an eventual amorphization.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anitha, V.S.; Sujatha Lekshmy, S.; Joy, K.
2016-01-01
Manganese doped ZrO_2–SnO_2 (ZrO_2–SnO_2: Mn) nanocomposite thin films were prepared using sol – gel dip coating technique. The structural, morphological, magnetic, optical and electrical properties of the films were studied for undoped and different (15 mol %) manganese doping concentrations. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of films showed the formation of tetragonal phase of SnO_2 and orthorhombic ZrSnO_4. Decrease in crystallinity with increase of Mn concentration was observed for the films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the formation of grain growth with an increase in Mn concentration. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of Zr"4"+, Sn"4"+ and Mn"2"+ ion in ZrO_2–SnO_2: Mn films. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal the presence of magnetic properties in Mn doped nanocomposite thin films. Antiferromagnetic interactions were observed for 5 mol % Mn doping. An average transmittance >80% (UV - Vis region) was observed for all the films. Band gap of the films decreased from 4.78 to 4.41 eV with increase in Mn concentration. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films exhibited emission peaks in visible region of the electromagnetic spectra. Conductivity of the film increased up to 3 mol % Mn doping and then decreased. - Highlights: • ZrO_2–SnO_2: Mn films were deposited onto quartz substrates by Sol –Gel dip coating. • Structural, magnetic, optical and electrical properties of the films were analyzed. • Optical band gap decreased with increase in manganese concentration. • Ferromagnetic behavior was observed for Mn doped films. • These ferromagnetic ZrO_2–SnO_2: Mn films find application in spintronic devices.
Effect of doping Ca on polaron hopping in LaSr 2 Mn 2 O 7
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
... Lecture Workshops · Refresher Courses · Symposia · Live Streaming. Home; Journals; Pramana – Journal of Physics; Volume 58; Issue 5-6. Effect of doping Ca on polaron hopping in LaSr2Mn2O7. S N Bhatia Osama A Yassin. Colossal Magnetoresistance & Other Materials Volume 58 Issue 5-6 May-June 2002 pp 1061- ...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Belver, C., E-mail: carolina.belver@uam.es; Bedia, J.; Rodriguez, J.J.
2017-01-15
Highlights: • Novel Zr-doped TiO{sub 2} delaminated clay materials were prepared by a sol-gel process. • Zr is incorporated into the anatase lattice. • Zr-TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles are homogenously distributed over the delaminated clay. • Zr doping enhances the photoactivity by reducing the band gap. • Degradation rates were favored at low concentrations and high radiation intensities. - Abstract: Solar light-active Zr-doped TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on delaminated clay materials by a one-step sol-gel route. Fixing the amount of TiO{sub 2} at 65 wt.%, this work studies the influence of Zr loading (up to 2%) on the photocatalytic activity of the resulting Zr-doped TiO{sub 2}/clay materials. The structural characterization demonstrates that all samples were formed by a delaminated clay with nanostructured anatase assembled on its surface. The Zr dopant was successfully incorporated into the anatase lattice, resulting in a slight deformation of the anatase crystal and the reduction of the band gap. These materials exhibit high surface area with a disordered mesoporous structure formed by TiO{sub 2} particles (15–20 nm) supported on a delaminated clay. They were tested in the solar photodegradation of antipyrine, usually used as an analgesic drug and selected as an example of emerging pollutant. High degradation rates have been obtained at low antipyrine concentrations and high solar irradiation intensities with the Zr-doped TiO{sub 2}/clay catalyst, more effective than the undoped one. This work demonstrates the potential application of the synthesis method for preparing novel and efficient solar-light photocatalysts based on metal-doped anatase and a delaminated clay.
Subramanian, Arunprabaharan; Annamalai, Alagappan; Lee, Hyun Hwi; Choi, Sun Hee; Ryu, Jungho; Park, Jung Hee; Jang, Jum Suk
2016-08-03
Herein we report the influence of a ZrO2 underlayer on the PEC (photoelectrochemical) behavior of hematite nanorod photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting. Particular attention was given to the cathodic shift in onset potential and photocurrent enhancement. Akaganite (β-FeOOH) nanorods were grown on ZrO2-coated FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) substrates. Sintering at 800 °C transformed akaganite to the hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase and induced Sn diffusion into the crystal structure of hematite nanorods from the FTO substrates and surface migration, shallow doping of Zr atoms from the ZrO2 underlayer. The ZrO2 underlayer-treated photoanode showed better water oxidation performance compared to the pristine (α-Fe2O3) photoanode. A cathodic shift in the onset potential and photocurrent enhancement was achieved by surface passivation and shallow doping of Zr from the ZrO2 underlayer, along with Sn doping from the FTO substrate to the crystal lattice of hematite nanorods. The Zr based hematite nanorod photoanode achieved 1 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 VRHE with a low turn-on voltage of 0.80 VRHE. Sn doping and Zr passivation, as well as shallow doping, were confirmed by XPS, Iph, and M-S plot analyses. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the presence of a ZrO2 underlayer decreased the deformation of FTO substrate, improved electron transfer at the hematite/FTO interface and increased charge-transfer resistance at the electrolyte/hematite interface. This is the first systematic investigation of the effects of Zr passivation, shallow doping, and Sn doping on hematite nanorod photoanodes through application of a ZrO2 underlayer on the FTO substrate.
Photocatalytic performance of TiO2 catalysts modified by H3PW12O40, ZrO2 and CeO2
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
CAI Tiejun; LIAO Yuchao; PENG Zhenshan; LONG Yunfei; WEI Zongyuan; DENG Qian
2009-01-01
The binary composite photo-catalysts CeO2/TiO2, ZrO2/TiO2 and the ternary composite photo-catalysts H3PW12O40-CeO2/TiO2,H2PW12O40-ZrO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalyfic elimination of methanol was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effects of doped content, activation temperature, time, initial concentration of methanol and gas flow rate on the catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that after doping a certain amount of CeO2 and ZrO2, crystaniTation process of TiO2 was restrained, particles of catalysts are smaller and more uniform. Doping ZrO2 not only significantly improved the catalytic activity, but also increased thermal stability. Doping H3PW12O40 also enhanced the catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of binary and ternary composite photocatalysts were significantly higher than tin-doped TiO2. The dynamics law of photocatalytic reaction over the binary CeO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 catalysts has been studied. The activation energy 15.627 and 15.631 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors 0.5176 and 0.9899 s-1 over each corresponding catalyst were obtained. This reaction accords to the first order dynamics law.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mendoza A, D.; Gonzalez M, P.R. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Vasquez L, M.J.; Rubio R, E. [Centro Universitario de Vinculacion, BUAP, 72000 Puebla (Mexico)
2005-07-01
Zirconium oxide (ZrO{sub 2}) with rare-earths (Nd, Dy, Eu and Y) as dopant were prepared by sol gel method and irradiated with gamma radiation. The thermoluminescent (TL) signal was studied as function of the impurities present for temperatures from 50 to 350 C. Pure ZrO{sub 2} produces a strong TL signal induced by gamma radiation, with a maximum located at 150 C, while ZrO{sub 2} doped with Nd, Dy and Y showed a TL signal with minor intensity, but with a maximum like to pure ZrO{sub 2}. However, when Eu is present as impurity the TL signal is much smaller than pure ZrO{sub 2}, with a maximum very enlarged. These results indicate that exits a strong influence of the rare-earths presents in the TL response and opens the possibility to control the TL signal in a wide range of dosages allowing to use these systems as a wide range dosimeter. Details of the thermoluminescent behavior of pure and doped ZrO{sub 2} will be discussed. (Author)
Sekhar, M. Chandra; Purusottam Reddy, B.; Mallikarjuna, K.; Shanmugam, Gnanendra; Ahn, Chang-Hoi; Park, Si-Hyun
2018-01-01
Zr-doped and pure TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a simple inexpensive sol-gel method. X-ray powder diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry revealed the presence of anatase-phase TiO2 NPs. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average nanocrystalline size of approximately 15 nm. The photocatalytic activities of these materials were evaluated using Rhodamine B (Rh B) as an organic contaminant. The photocatalytic activity of pure and Zr-doped TiO2 NPs (with at% 4, 8, 12 and 16) was measured in terms of the degradation of Rh B under UV light. The antibacterial activities of pure and Zr-doped (with 8 at%) TiO2 NPs were evaluated against Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A maximum inhibition zone (19 mm) was observed for pure TiO2 NPs, against Bacillus subtillis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while Zr-doped TiO2 (8 at%) exhibited a lesser inhibition zone (18 mm) against the same Bacillus subtillis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 mm). However, Zr-doped TiO2 (8 at%) NPs exhibited a greater inhibition zone against Escherichia coli (17 mm), while the activity of pure TiO2 NPs against Escherichia coli (15 mm) was retarded. Thus, pure TiO2 NPs and Zr-doped TiO2 (8 at%) NPs have competent activities and can be used as antibacterial agents against different bacteria.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Petit, Sarah [CRETA-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Institut Néel-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Pairis, Sébastien [Institut Néel-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Mikolajczyk, Mélissa [CRETA-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Institut Néel-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Ortega, Luc [Institut Néel-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Soubeyroux, Jean-Louis [CRETA-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Institut Néel-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Odier, Philippe [CRETA-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France); Institut Néel-CNRS, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex (France)
2013-03-01
La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (LZO) films were deposited by chemical solution deposition on Ni{sub 95}Wi{sub 5}rolling assisted bi-axially textured substrates to be used in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} (YBCO) coated conductors. These LZO films were proved of good qualities for YBCO deposition by metal organic chemical vapor deposition that is an economic process. The mosaic of LZO films is only slightly degraded by the process of grain-to-grain epitaxial transfer (16% with respect to that of the substrate). The film is composed of small crystallites (20–40 nm) and larger anomalous crystallites (100–400 nm) found in great number in transferred twins from the substrate. The anomalous crystallites are poorly crystallized or amorphous and contain more C than areas with normal crystallites. High temperature in-situ X-ray diffraction shows a sudden crystallization at 860 °C that does not seem to involve a solid state reaction. The anomalous crystallites are analyzed to result from a locally enhanced barrier to nucleation and might reveal poor characteristics of the crystallization. - Highlights: ► La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} film on Ni{sub 95}W{sub 5} RABiT. ► Anomalous crystallites (100-400 nm) are amorphous on transferred twins. ► La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} crystallization appears above 860 °C.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Clausen, C.; Bagger, C.; Bilde-Sørensen, Jørgen
1994-01-01
La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 and Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 may be used as cathode and electrolyte materials, respectively, in solid oxide fuel cells. One of the requirements of the cathode-electrolyte interface is that high impedance phases are not formed at the interface during manufacture or operation of the SOFC....... The interfaces of interest were prepared as a diffusion couple and by sintered powder mixtures of La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 and Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2. The structures at the interfaces were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Chemical analyses were made by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A Zr, La......-based pyrochlore-type crystalline phase has been observed at some of the interfaces between La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 and Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2. In the present paper, changes in element ratios are used to obtain knowledge on how the elements diffuse with respect to each other at the interface. It was found...
The solubility and site preference of Fe3+ in Li7−3xFexLa3Zr2O12 garnets
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rettenwander, D.; Geiger, C.A.; Tribus, M.; Tropper, P.; Wagner, R.; Tippelt, G.; Lottermoser, W.; Amthauer, G.
2015-01-01
A series of Fe 3+ -bearing Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) garnets was synthesized using solid-state synthesis methods. The synthetic products were characterized compositionally using electron microprobe analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and structurally using X-ray powder diffraction and 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. A maximum of about 0.25 Fe 3+ pfu could be incorporated in Li 7−3x Fe x La 3 Zr 2 O 12 garnet solid solutions. At Fe 3+ concentrations lower than about 0.16 pfu, both tetragonal and cubic garnets were obtained in the synthesis experiments. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed only a garnet phase for syntheses with starting materials having intended Fe 3+ contents lower than 0.52 Fe 3+ pfu. Back-scattered electron images made with an electron microprobe also showed no phase other than garnet for these compositions. The lattice parameter, a 0 , for all solid-solution garnets is similar with a value of a 0 ≈12.98 Å regardless of the amount of Fe 3+ . 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements indicate the presence of poorly- or nano-crystalline FeLaO 3 in syntheses with Fe 3+ contents greater than 0.16 Fe 3+ pfu. The composition of different phase pure Li 7−3x Fe x La 3 Zr 2 O 12 garnets, as determined by electron microprobe (Fe, La, Zr) and ICP-OES (Li) measurements, give Li 6.89 Fe 0.03 La 3.05 Zr 2.01 O 12 , Li 6.66 Fe 0.06 La 3.06 Zr 2.01 O 12 , Li 6.54 Fe 0.12 La 3.01 Zr 1.98 O 12 , and Li 6.19 Fe 0.19 La 3.02 Zr 2.04 O 12 . The 57 Fe Mössbauer spectrum of cubic Li 6.54 Fe 0.12 La 3.01 Zr 1.98 O 12 garnet indicates that most Fe 3+ occurs at the special crystallographic 24d position, which is the standard tetrahedrally coordinated site in garnet. Fe 3+ in smaller amounts occurs at a general 96h site, which is only present for certain Li-oxide garnets, and in Li 6.54 Fe 0.12 La 3.01 Zr 1.98 O 12 this Fe 3+ has a distorted 4-fold coordination. - Graphical abstract: Cubic nominally Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tian, Dong [State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Zeng, Chunhua, E-mail: zchh2009@126.com [State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Wang, Hua, E-mail: wanghuaheat@hotmail.com [State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Luo, Hongchun [Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Cheng, Xianming [State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Xiang, Chao [College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, Chongqing (China); Wei, Yonggang; Li, Kongzhai; Zhu, Xing [State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China); Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan (China)
2016-06-25
The structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Ce{sub 1−x} Zr{sub x}O{sub 2} (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) fluorite type oxides are studied by researchers using the method of density functional theory (DFT) + U method. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameter, cell volume, elastic and optical properties for CeO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2} are all in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. It is found that Ce substituted by Zr leads to the formation of the pseudo-cubic fluorite-type structure. With doping concentration × increasing, the lattice parameter, cell volume and the bond length of d{sub Ce−O} and d{sub Zr−O} decrease linearly. It is interesting to find that the hardness of materials increase with Zr concentration increasing. For Ce{sub 0.75} Zr{sub 0.25} O{sub 2}, we also find that its ductility is good. Meanwhile, the range of the conduction band energy in the doped system becomes wider than that in the undoped system. The overlapping band phenomenon occur for all substitutions in Ce{sub 1−x} Zr{sub x}O{sub 2} (from x = 0.25 to x = 0.75), especially for the structure of Ce{sub 0.5} Zr{sub 0.5} O{sub 2} and Ce{sub 0.25} Zr{sub 0.75} O{sub 2}, its second band gaps almost disappear. Based on the dielectric functions obtained, it is shown that the static dielectric constant ε{sub 0} and refractive index n{sub 0} obviously decrease with Zr concentration increasing. After discussing, we know that CeO{sub 2} is suitable as a useful high-refractive index film material in single and multilayered optical coatings, whereas ZrO{sub 2} can be used as gate-dielectric materials in metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices, in metallurgy and as a thermal barrier coating in engines. - Highlights: • Structural, and optical properties of fluorite type oxides are studied; • Ce substituted by Zr leads to formation of pseudo-cubic fluorite-type structure; • Hardness of materials are increased with Zr
Pyrochlore as nuclear waste form. Actinide uptake and chemical stability
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Finkeldei, Sarah Charlotte
2015-07-01
with pyrochlore and defect crystal structure were synthesised via a wet-chemical coprecipitation route to obtain highly homogeneous ceramics. Their structure-properties relationships were studied by a combination of different characterisation techniques, e.g. powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and luminescence spectroscopy. These complementary techniques were chosen to gain insight into the radionuclide uptake and order-disorder transition from a bulk to a local structural level. The transition of pyrochlore to the less ordered defect fluorite phase was examined by XRD and TEM and recognized to be a gradual transition. This transition was proven to have no significant impact on the aqueous durability under acidic conditions. In addition to their high radiation tolerance ZrO{sub 2} based pyrochlores are therefore expected to ensure high long-term durability even during the decay of embedded radionuclides. The radionuclide uptake on well-defined lattice positions within the pyrochlore crystal structure was probed by luminescence spectroscopy (time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy, TRLFS) of Cm and Eu doped La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 2} pyrochlores and defect fluorite samples. TRLFS is an ideal method to unravel the lattice site by probing the local environment of the dopant. According to TRLFS results Eu and Cm adopt the A site within the pyrochlore crystal structure and regular cation lattice sites in the defect fluorite. In addition, a minor species is present in the pyrochlore which was identical to the major species observed in the defect fluorite. Vice versa, the defect fluorite contains a minor species which has adopted the pyrochlore environment. This is in good agreement with the TEM findings. Due to the different pyrochlore and defect fluorite species, TRLFS could be used as a tool to quantify radiation damage in ZrO{sub 2} based pyrochlore nuclear waste forms. In order to more closely
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yao, Yingwu; Zhou, Tao; Zhao, Chunmei; Jing, Qiming; Wang, Yang
2013-01-01
The influence of ZrO 2 particles on fluorine-doped lead dioxide electrodeposition process on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) from lead nitrate electrolytes was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA), coupled with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Instantaneous nucleation mechanism is found for fluorine-doped lead dioxide electrodeposition in the presence of ZrO 2 particles according to Scharifker–Hills’ model with three-dimensional growth. The results show that the addition of ZrO 2 particles decrease the active surface area of the GCE, and the growth of the lead dioxide crystallites was obstructed
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kim, Dami; Kim, Hyung-Tae; Ryu, Sung-Soo; Kim, Hyeong-Jun [Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Bucheon (Korea, Republic of)
2015-02-15
Aluminum titanate (AT) ceramics has high potential as alloy casting refractory materials due to their good thermal shock resistance which results from their low coefficient of thermal expansion. In a previous study, AT doped SiO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2} were developed to achieve stability and mechanical strength at high temperature. In this work, the changes of microstructure of AT doped SiO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2} were investigated in molten steel. A finger rotating test of sintered AT was carried out at 1300 ℃ for 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. Even if there was no reaction between AT and molten steel, a new surface was formed, followed by the decomposition of AT by the heat from molten steel, which was dominantly constituted of Al and Si due to decomposition of AT and Mullite phases. Some of the new surface layer was found to have been eroded by fluctuations of the molten steel.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Berlin, I. John; Lekshmy, S. Sujatha; Ganesan, V.; Thomas, P.V.; Joy, K.
2014-01-01
Homogeneous and transparent Mn doped ZrO 2 thin films were prepared by sol–gel dip coating method. The films were annealed in air atmosphere at 500 °C. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the undoped ZrO 2 thin film revealed a mixed phase of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO 2 with preferred orientations along T(111) and M(− 111). Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction of Mn doped ZrO 2 thin films reveals the introduction of Mn interstitial in ZrO 2 which stabilize the mixed phase of ZrO 2 into tetragonal phase. Atomic force microscope image shows the addition of catalyst (Mn) which stops isotropic agglomeration of particles, instead of anisotropic agglomeration that occurred resulting in growth of particles in certain direction. Average transmittances of > 70% (in UV–vis region) were observed for all samples. The optical band gap decreased from 5.72 to 4.52 eV with increase in Mn doping concentration. The reduced band gap is due to the introduction of impurity levels in the band gap, by incorporation of the metal ions into the ZrO 2 lattice. The d-electron of Mn (t 2g level) can easily overlap with the ZrO 2 's valence band (VB) because t 2g of Mn is very close to VB of ZrO 2 . This overlap caused a wide VB and consequently decreases the band gap of ZrO 2 . The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of undoped zirconia thin film exhibits an intense near band edge emission peak at 392.5 nm (3.15 eV) and weak emission peaks at 304 (4.07 eV), 604 nm (2.05 eV) and 766 nm (1.61 eV). Additional PL peaks were observed for Mn doped ZrO 2 located at around 420, 447 (blue), 483 (blue) and 529 (green) nm respectively. These peaks were due to the redox properties of various valence state of Mn in ZrO 2 . The prepared Mn doped ZrO 2 thin films can be applied in optical devices. - Highlights: • Mn-doped ZrO 2 thin films were prepared by sol–gel dip coating method. • Introduction of Mn interstitial in ZrO 2 stabilizes ZrO 2 into tetragonal phase. • The optical band gap
Zr-doped TiO2 as a thermostabilizer in plasmon-enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells
Pasche, Anastasia; Grohe, Bernd; Mittler, Silvia; Charpentier, Paul A.
2017-07-01
Harvesting solar energy is a promising solution toward meeting the world's ever-growing energy demand. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells with tremendous potential for commercial application, but they are plagued by inefficiency due to their poor sunlight absorption. Plasmonic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to enhance the absorptive properties of DSSCs, but their plasmonic resonance can cause thermal damage resulting in cell deterioration. Hence, the influence of Zr-doped TiO2 on the efficiency of plasmon-enhanced DSSCs was studied, showing that 5 mol.% Zr-doping of the photoactive TiO2 material can improve the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs by 44%. By examining three different DSSC designs, it became clear that the efficiency enhancing effect of Zr strongly depends on the proximity of the Zr-doped material to the plasmonic AgNPs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Anke, Bjoern; Hund, Sophie; Lorent, Christian; Lerch, Martin [Institut fuer Chemie, Technische Universitaet Berlin (Germany); Janka, Oliver; Block, Theresa; Poettgen, Rainer [Institut fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universitaet Muenster (Germany)
2017-12-13
Pyrochlore-type Eu{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}(O,N){sub 7+δ} phases were prepared by reaction of ammonia with an amorphous europium tantalum oxide precursor. {sup 151}Eu Moessbauer and EPR spectroscopy as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements point to the presence of exclusively Eu{sup 3+}. For phase-pure samples (X-ray powder diffraction), the nitrogen content varies between 1.0 and 1.8 wt %, leading to compositions in the range Eu{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 7.1}N{sub 0.6} - Eu{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 6.5}N{sub 1.0}. Pyrochlore-type phases are structurally derived from the fluorite type with 1/8 of the anions missing, resulting in an ideal composition A{sub 2}B{sub 2}X{sub 7}. In Eu{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}(O,N){sub 7+δ} the excess anions partly occupy these vacancies. The prepared phases are colorless with a direct optical bandgap of 4.3 eV and they show the typical Van Vleck paramagnetic behavior known for trivalent Eu atoms. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Valence electron structure and properties of stabilized ZrO2
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LI JinPing; HAN JieOai; MENG SongHe; ZHANG XingHong
2008-01-01
To reveal the properties of stabilizers in ZrO2 on nanoscopic levels,the valence elec-tron structures of four stable ZrO2 phases and c-ZrO2 were analyzed on the basis of the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules.The results showed that the hybridization levels of Zr atoms in c-ZrO2 doped with Ca and Mg dropped from B17 to B13,the hybridization levels of Zr atoms in c-ZrO2 doped with Y and Ce dropped from B17 to B15,and that the four stabilizing atoms all made the hybridization levels of O atoms drop from level 4 to level 2.The numbers of covalent electrons in the strongest covalent bond in the descending order are c-ZrO2>ZrCeO2>ZrYOZrMgO>ZrCaO.The bond energies of the strongest covalent bond and the melting points of the solid solutions in the descending order are ZrCeO2>c-ZrO2>ZrYO>ZrMgO>ZrCaO.The percent-ages of the total number of covalent electrons in the descending order arec-ZrO2>ZrYO> ZrCeO2>ZrMgO> ZrCaO.From the above analysis,it can be concluded that the stabilizing degrees of the four stabilizers in the descending order are CaO> MgO>Y2O3>CeO2.
Comparison of the Supercooled Spin Liquid States in the Pyrochlore Magnets Dy2Ti2O7 and Ho2Ti2O7
Eyal, Anna; Eyvazov, Azar B.; Dusad, Ritika; Munsie, Timothy J. S.; Luke, Graeme M.; Davis, J. C. Séamus
Despite a well-ordered crystal structure and strong magnetic interactions between the Dy or Ho ions, no long-range magnetic order has been detected in the pyrochlore titanates Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7. The low temperature state in these materials is governed by spin-ice rules. These constrain the Ising like spins in the materials, yet does not result in a global broken symmetry state. To explore the actual magnetic phases, we simultaneously measure the time- and frequency-dependent magnetization dynamics of Dy2Ti2O7 and Ho2Ti2O7 using toroidal, boundary-free magnetization transport techniques. We demonstrate a distinctive behavior of the magnetic susceptibility of both compounds, that is indistinguishable in form from the permittivity of supercooled dipolar liquids. Moreover, we show that the microscopic magnetic relaxation times for both materials increase along a super-Arrhenius trajectory also characteristic of supercooled glass-forming liquids. Both materials therefore exhibit characteristics of a supercooled spin liquid. Strongly-correlated dynamics of loops of spins is suggested as a possible mechanism which could account for these findings. Potential connections to many-body spin localization will also be discussed.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Perez H, R.; Arenas, J.; Rodriguez, V.; Aguilar, A.; Gomez C, A.; Diaz, G. [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca, Km. 36.5 Salazar, Estado de Mexico, C.P. 52045 (Mexico)
2000-07-01
Simple oxides TiO{sub 2}, ZrO{sub 2}, La{sub 2}O{sub 3} and mixed TiO{sub 2}-La{sub 2}O{sub 3}, ZrO{sub 2}-La{sub 2}O{sub 3} at 10% mol of lanthane were prepared by the precipitation technique. The incorporation of Pt to the supports was by the classical impregnation method. It was characterized the catalytic materials by diverse techniques for determining the lost weight by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), superficial area (BET), crystallinity of catalytic supports (DR-X) total acidity and for the catalytic activity was realized in the reaction model NO + CH{sub 4}. (Author)
Zhang, Minghui; Wen, Haiqin; Pan, Xiuhong; Yu, Jianding; Jiang, Meng; Yu, Huimei; Tang, Meibo; Gai, Lijun; Ai, Fei
2018-03-01
Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped La2O3-TiO2-ZrO2 glasses have been prepared by aerodynamic levitation method. The glasses show high refractive index of 2.28 and Abbe number of 18.3. Glass-ceramics heated at 880 °C for 50 min perform the strongest upconversion luminescence. X-ray diffraction patterns of glass-ceramics with different depths indicate that rare earth ions restrain crystallization. Body crystallization mechanism mixed with surface crystallization is confirmed in the heat treatment. Surface crystals achieve priority to grow, resulting in important effects on upconversion luminescence. The results of atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope indicate that crystal particles with uniform size distribute densely and homogenously on the surface and large amount of glass matrix exists in the glass ceramics heated at 880 °C for 50 min. Crystals in the glass-ceramics present dense structure and strong boundaries, which can reduce the mutual nonradiative relaxation rate among rare earth ions and then improve upconversion luminescence effectively. Based on micro-structural study, the mechanism that upconversion luminescence can be improved by heat treatment has been revealed. The results of micro-structural analysis agree well with the spectra.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Perez H, R.; Arenas, J.; Rodriguez, V.; Aguilar, A.; Gomez C, A.; Diaz, G.
2000-01-01
Simple oxides TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 and mixed TiO 2 -La 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 -La 2 O 3 at 10% mol of lanthane were prepared by the precipitation technique. The incorporation of Pt to the supports was by the classical impregnation method. It was characterized the catalytic materials by diverse techniques for determining the lost weight by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), superficial area (BET), crystallinity of catalytic supports (DR-X) total acidity and for the catalytic activity was realized in the reaction model NO + CH 4 . (Author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sanchez R, A.; Azorin, J.; Rivera, T. [UAM-I, 09340 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)
2003-07-01
This paper presents the results of characterizing gadolinium-doped ZrO{sub 2} (ZrO{sub 2}: Gd) films, both morphological and respect to their optical and thermoluminescent properties after irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. ZrO{sub 2} presented crystalline structure in monoclinic phase; its absorption spectrum exhibited a peak at 274 and 277 nm for films deposited on glass and quartz substrates respectively. The optimum concentration of the dopant was found to be 12%. ZrO{sub 2}: Gd presents its maximum Tl response when it is exposed to lJV light of wavelength in the range from 240 to 245 nm; its glow curve shows apparently one peak, which probably is the overlapping of various peaks. (Author)
The XPS study of pyrochlore matrixes for the radioactive waste disposal
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Teterin Anton Yu.
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Two pyrochlore ceramic samples were studied in this work. The X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscopy showed that the ceramics with the calculated composition CaThSn2O7 was formed by the dominating pyrochlore phase with the traces of thorianite and hematite, while the CaThZr2O7 ceramics - by the dominating pyrochlore phase with the minor admixtures of thorianite and perovskite. The real compositions of pyrochlore phases determined by the scaning electron microscopy are Ca0.88Th0.92Sn2O6.72 and Ca0.84Th0.80Zr2O6.44. On the basis of the X-ray photoelectron spectral parameters of the outer and core electrons in the binding energy range of 0-1250 eV it was found that tin, zirconium and thorium in pyrochlore are at least 93%-94% tetravalent. Sn-O and Zr-O interatomic distances in BO6-octahedrons in the pyrochlore were found to be 0.210 nm and 0.220 nm, respectively, and these octahedrons are possible to be tetragonaly distorted.
Thermal Spray Deposition, Phase Stability and Mechanical Properties of La2Zr2O7/LaAlO3 Coatings
Lozano-Mandujano, D.; Poblano-Salas, C. A.; Ruiz-Luna, H.; Esparza-Esparza, B.; Giraldo-Betancur, A. L.; Alvarado-Orozco, J. M.; Trápaga-Martínez, L. G.; Muñoz-Saldaña, J.
2017-08-01
This paper deals with the deposition of La2Zr2O7 (LZO) and LaAlO3 (LAO) mixtures by air plasma spray (APS). The raw material for thermal spray, single phase LZO and LAO in a 70:30 mol.% ratio mixture was prepared from commercial metallic oxides by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and high-temperature solid-state reaction. The HEBM synthesis route, followed by a spray-drying process, successfully produced spherical agglomerates with adequate size distribution and powder-flow properties for feeding an APS system. The as-sprayed coating consisted mainly of a crystalline LZO matrix and partially crystalline LAO, which resulted from the high cooling rate experienced by the molten particles as they impact the substrate. The coatings were annealed at 1100 °C to promote recrystallization of the LAO phase. The reduced elastic modulus and hardness, measured by nanoindentation, increased from 124.1 to 174.7 GPa and from 11.3 to 14.4 GPa, respectively, after the annealing treatment. These values are higher than those reported for YSZ coatings; however, the fracture toughness ( K IC) of the annealed coating was only 1.04 MPa m0.5.
Observation of magnetic polarons in the magnetoresistive pyrochlore Lu2V2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Storchak, Vyacheslav G; Brewer, Jess H; Eshchenko, Dmitry G; Mengyan, Patrick W; Zhou Haidong; Wiebe, Christopher R
2013-01-01
Materials that exhibit colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) have attracted much attention due to their potential technological applications. One particularly interesting model for the magnetoresistance of low-carrier-density ferromagnets involves mediation by magnetic polarons (MP)—electrons localized in nanoscale ferromagnetic ‘droplets’ by their exchange interaction. However, MP have not previously been directly detected and their size has been difficult to determine from macroscopic measurements. In order to provide this crucial information, we have carried out muon spin rotation measurements on the magnetoresistive semiconductor Lu 2 V 2 O 7 in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K and in magnetic fields up to 7 T. Magnetic polarons with characteristic radius R ≈ 0.4 nm are detected below about 100 K, where Lu 2 V 2 O 7 exhibits CMR; at higher temperature, where the magnetoresistance vanishes, these MP also disappear. This observation confirms the MP-mediated model of CMR and reveals the microscopic size of the MP in magnetoresistive pyrochlores. (paper)
Strain engineered pyrochlore at high pressure
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Rittman, Dylan R.; Turner, Katlyn M.; Park, Sulgiye; Fuentes, Antonio F.; Park, Changyong; Ewing, Rodney C.; Mao, Wendy L.
2017-05-22
Strain engineering is a promising method for next-generation materials processing techniques. Here, we use mechanical milling and annealing followed by compression in diamond anvil cell to tailor the intrinsic and extrinsic strain in pyrochlore, Dy2Ti2O7 and Dy2Zr2O7. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray pair distribution function analysis, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize atomic order over short-, medium-, and long-range spatial scales, respectively, under ambient conditions. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were further employed to interrogate the material in situ at high pressure. High-pressure behavior is found to depend on the species and concentration of defects in the sample at ambient conditions. Overall, we show that defects can be engineered to lower the phase transformation onset pressure by ~50% in the ordered pyrochlore Dy2Zr2O7, and lower the phase transformation completion pressure by ~20% in the disordered pyrochlore Dy2Zr2O7. These improvements are achieved without significantly sacrificing mechanical integrity, as characterized by bulk modulus.
Spin freezing in the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb2Mo2O7
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gaulin, B.D.; Reimers, J.N.; Mason, T.E.
1992-01-01
The magnetic metal ions in the cubic pyrochlore Tb2Mo2O7 form an infinite three-dimensional network of corner-sharing tetrahedra with a very high potential for frustration in the presence of antiferromagnetism. We have performed neutron scattering measurements which show short-range spatial...... correlations that develop continuously with decreasing temperature, while the characteristic time scale for the fluctuating moments decreases dramatically below T(f) is similar to 25 K. Therefore, this pure material, which possesses frustration that is purely geometrical in origin, displays a spin-glass state...
Muslimin, Masliana; Jumali, Mohammad Hafizuddin; Tee, Tan Sin; Beng, Lee Hock; Hui, Tan Chun; Chin, Yap Chi
2018-04-01
The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of Zr doping on TiO2 nanostructure. TiO2 nanorods thin films with different Zr-doping concentrations (6 × 10-3 M, 13 × 10-3 M and 25 × 10-3 M) were successfully prepared using a simple hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were evaluated using XRD and FESEM respectively. The XRD results revealed that the TiO2 in all samples stabilized as rutile phase. The FESEM micrographs confirmed that TiO2 exist as square like nanorods with blunt tips. Although the crystallographic nature remains unchanged, the introduction of Zr has altered the surface density, structure and morphology of TiO2 which subsequently will have significant effect on its properties.
Li_2ZrO_3-coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 with nanoscale interface for high performance lithium-ion batteries
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhang, Han; Liu, Yang; Wang, Ting; Yang, Yang; Shi, Shaojun; Yang, Gang
2016-01-01
Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Zr doped and Li_2ZrO_3 coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 are prepared by a solid-state method. • Zr-doping and LZO coating are positive in improving lithium diffusion ability. • Li_2ZrO_3 coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 deliver 168.1 mAh g"−"1 higher than 150.2 mAh g"−"1 of Li_4Ti_5O_1_2. • Li_2ZrO_3 coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 remains 162 mAh g"−"1 after 100 cycles. • The lowest D_L_i"+ is 5.97 × 10"−"1"7 and 1.85 × 10"−"1"5 cm"2 s"−"1 of Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 before and after coating. - Abstract: Zr doped sample of Li_4Ti_4_._9_9Zr_0_._0_1O_1_2 (LZTO) and Li_2ZrO_3 (LZO) coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 (LTO) are prepared by a solid-state method. The lattice structure of LTO is remained after doping element of Zr and coating layer of LZO. The crystal structure and electrochemical performance of the material are investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and charge-discharge tests, respectively. Zr-doping and LZO coating play the positive role in improving the diffusion ability of lithium cations. LZTO and LZO-LTO show much improved specific capacity and rate capability compared with pristine sample of LTO. LZO-LTO has the smallest voltage differential (ΔV) of the redox peaks because the coating of Li_2ZrO_3 is helpful for the diffusion ability of lithium ions during charge/discharge processes. LZTO and LZO-LTO as electrode deliver the initial capacities of 164.8, 168.1 mAh g"−"1, respectively, which are much higher than 150.2 mAh g"−"1 of intrinsic sample of LTO. Even at the current density of 2 A g"−"1, LTZO and LZO-LTO offer capacity of 96 and 106 mAh g"−"1, which are much higher than 33 mAh g"−"1 of LTO. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the improved diffusion ability of lithium. During the whole discharge process, the lowest value of LTO is 5.97 × 10"−"1"7 cm"2 s"−"1 that is
Singhania, Amit; Gupta, Shipra Mital
2017-01-01
Zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanoparticles co-doped with Cu and Pt were applied as catalysts for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. These materials were prepared through solution combustion in order to obtain highly active and stable catalytic nanomaterials. This method allows Pt 2+ and Cu 2+ ions to dissolve into the ZrO 2 lattice and thus creates oxygen vacancies due to lattice distortion and charge imbalance. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results showed Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO 2 nanoparticles with a size of ca. 10 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra confirmed cubic structure and larger oxygen vacancies. The nanoparticles showed excellent activity for CO oxidation. The temperature T 50 (the temperature at which 50% of CO are converted) was lowered by 175 °C in comparison to bare ZrO 2 . Further, they exhibited very high stability for CO reaction (time-on-stream ≈ 70 h). This is due to combined effect of smaller particle size, large oxygen vacancies, high specific surface area and better thermal stability of the Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO 2 nanoparticles. The apparent activation energy for CO oxidation is found to be 45.6 kJ·mol -1 . The CO conversion decreases with increase in gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and initial CO concentration.
Fabrication and properties of La2-xGdxHf2O7 transparent ceramics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang, Zhengjuan; Zhou, Guohong; Zhang, Fang; Qin, Xianpeng; Ai, Jianping; Wang, Shiwei
2016-01-01
La 2-x Gd x Hf 2 O 7 (x=0–2.0) transparent ceramics were fabricated through vacuum sintering from nano-powders synthesized by a simple combustion method. The phase composition of the powders and final ceramics, the in-line transmittance, microstructures and density of the ceramics were investigated. With the increasing of Gd content, the ceramics maintained the cubic pyrochlore structure, and the lattice parameters decreased, whilst the densities increased linearly. All the ceramics were transparent. The highest in-line transmittance was 76.1% at 800 nm (x=1.2). With high density (7.91–8.88 g/cm 3 ) and effective atomic number, some of the La 2-x Gd x Hf 2 O 7 (x=0–2.0) transparent ceramics are promising candidates for scintillator hosts. - Highlights: • A new series of La 2-x Gd x Hf 2 O 7 transparent ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering using combustion-synthesized powders. • All the ceramics are transparent and the in-line transmittance can reach to 76.1% at 800 nm when x=1.2. • The Gd content has effects on the crystal structure, in-line transmittance, microstructures and densities of the ceramics. • With high density (7.91~8.88 g/cm3) and effective atomic number, some of the La2-xGdxHf2O7 transparent ceramics are promising candidates for scintillator hosts.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Yue, Zhao; Ma, L.; Wu, W.
2015-01-01
2Zr2O7 buffer layer stack and the 200 nm thick YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) superconducting layer were sequentially deposited on textured NiW substrates using metal-organic deposition routes. The surface texture of the Gd2Zr2O7 barrier layer deteriorates when the film thickness increases to 80 nm, although...
Electronic structures and Eu3+ photoluminescence behaviors in Y2Si2O7 and La2Si2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhang Zhiya; Wang Yuhua; Zhang Feng; Cao Haining
2011-01-01
Research highlights: → Host excitation near the band gap of Y 2 Si 2 O 7 and La 2 Si 2 O 7 is analyzed. → The calculated result well explains Eu 3+ PL behaviors in Y 2 Si 2 O 7 and La 2 Si 2 O 7 . → The electronic structure and Eu 3+ VUV PL in La 2 Si 2 O 7 are first estimated. - Abstract: The electronic structures and linear optical properties of Y 2 Si 2 O 7 (YSO) and La 2 Si 2 O 7 (LSO) are calculated by LDA method based on the theory of DFT. Both YSO and LSO are direct-gap materials with the direct band gap of 5.89 and 6.06 eV, respectively. The calculated total and partial density of states indicate that in both YSO and LSO the valence band (VB) is mainly constructed from O 2p and the conduction band (CB) is mostly formed from Y 4d or La 5d. Both the calculated VB and CB of YSO exhibit relatively wider dispersion than that of LSO. In addition, the CB of YSO presents more electronic states. Meanwhile, the VB of LSO shows narrower energy distribution with higher electronic states density. The theoretical absorption of YSO shows larger bandwidth and higher intensity than that of LSO. The results are compared with the experimental host excitations and impurity photoluminescence in Eu 3+ -doped YSO and LSO.
Phase relations in the ZrO2-Nd2O3-Y2O3 system. Experimental study and CALPHAD assessment
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fabrichnaya, Olga; Savinykh, Galina; Schreiber, Gerhard; Seifert, Hans J.
2010-01-01
The thermodynamic parameters of the Nd 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 system were re-assessed for better reproduction of experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters were combined from binary descriptions to calculate phase diagrams for the ternary system ZrO 2 -Nd 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 . The calculated phase diagrams were used to select compositions for the experimental studies at 1250, 1400 and 1600 C. The samples were synthesised by co-precipitation and heat treated at 1250-1600 C, investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that solubility of the Y 2 O 3 in the pyrochlore phase exceeds 10 mol.%. The experimental data obtained for phase equilibria were used to derive thermodynamic parameters for fluorite, Y 2 O 3 cubic phase C, monoclinic B and Nd 2 O 3 hexagonal A phases by CALPHAD method. The isothermal sections and liquidus surface were calculated for the ZrO 2 -Nd 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 system. (orig.)
Zhang, Min; Yu, Xinluan; Lu, Dandan; Yang, Jianjun
2013-12-01
Zr/N co-doped TiO2 nanostructures were successfully synthesized using nanotubular titanic acid (NTA) as precursors by a facile wet chemical route and subsequent calcination. These Zr/N-doped TiO2 nanostructures made by NTA precursors show significantly enhanced visible light absorption and much higher photocatalytic performance than the Zr/N-doped P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. Impacts of Zr/N co-doping on the morphologies, optical properties, and photocatalytic activities of the NTA precursor-based TiO2 were thoroughly investigated. The origin of the enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity is discussed in detail.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Abreu, Amanda Jordão de
2012-01-01
Nowadays, the methane reforming is large interest industrial for the take advantage of these gas in production the hydrogen and synthesis gas (syngas). Among in the reactions of methane stand of the reactions steam reforming and carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The main catalysts uses in the methane reforming is Ni/Al 2 O 3 . However, the supported-nickel catalyst is susceptible to the deactivation or the destruction by coke deposition. The carbon dissolves in the nickel crystallite and its diffuses through the nickel, leading for formation of the carbon whiskers, which results in fragmentation of the catalyst. Modification of such catalysts, like incorporation of suitable promoters, is desirable to achieve reduction of the methane hydrogenolysis and/or promotion of the carbon gasification. Catalysts 5%Ni/Al 2 O 3 supported on solid solutions formed by ZrO 2 -CeO 2 , La 2 O 3 and CeO 2 -ZrO 2 -La 2 O 3 were prepared, characterized and evaluated in reactions steam and carbon dioxide reforming and partial oxidation of methane with objective the value effect loading solution solid in support. The supports were prepared by co-precipitation method and catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and calcined at 500 deg C. The supports and catalysts were characterized by Nitrogen Adsorption, method -rays diffraction (XRD), X-rays dispersive spectroscopy (XDS), spectroscopy in the region of the ultraviolet and the visible (UV-vis NIR) to and temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis. After all the catalytic reactions check which the addition of solid solution is beneficial for Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts and the best catalysts are Ni/CeO 2 -La 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 . (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Raunak Kumar Tamrakar
2014-10-01
Full Text Available Cubical ZrO2 phosphor doped with the europium synthesized by conventional solid state synthesis method. The prepared phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD technique, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM. In this paper, we focused on the thermoluminescence glow curves and kinetic parameters, activation energy, order of kinetics, and the frequency factor of ZrO2:Eu3+ phosphor under different doses of UV irradiations at a heating rate of 6.7 °C/s. The kinetic parameters activation energy E, the order of kinetics b, and the frequency factor s of synthesized phosphor of ZrO2:Eu3+ have been calculated by using a peak shape method.
UV light-induced thermoluminescence of Er + Li doped ZrO2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hristov, H; Arhangelova, N; Velev, V; Penev, I; Bello, M; Moschini, G; Uzunov, N
2010-01-01
Analysis of the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of ZrO 2 doped with Eu and Li has been conducted. Different quantities of lithium co-dopant have been added as Li 2 CO 3 to a mixture of ZrO 2 with 1wt% Er. Pellets sintered at a temperature of 1200 0 C have been prepared and the kinetic parameters of the phosphors have been studied after irradiation with UV light. It has been shown that the addition of 8 to 10 wt% of Li to the mixture of ZrO 2 with 1wt% Er yields a maximum intensity of the peaks at 65 0 C and at 105 0 C. Spectral emission and spectral sensitivity of the phosphors have been studied. The analysis applied to TL glow curves, obtained from the UV irradiated phosphors and kept after the irradiation at different times in a dark storage, revealed that the peaks at 65 0 C and 105 0 C have relatively long fading. It is concluded that the phosphors thus obtained possess a good sensitivity to the UV emission and could be appropriate phosphors for detection and quantitative measurements of UV light.
Geometrical frustration in the ferromagnetic pyrochlore Ho2Ti2O7
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Harris, M.J.; Bramwell, S.T.; McMorrow, D.F.
1997-01-01
We report a detailed study of the pyrochlore Ho2Ti2O7, in which the magnetic ions (Ho3+) are ferromagnetically coupled with J similar to 1 K. We show that the presence of local Ising anisotropy leads to a geometrically frustrated ground state, preventing long-range magnetic order down to at least 0...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Xi-kun Guo; Ping-ping Xie; Shu-dong Lin [Shantou University, Shantou (China). Department of Chemistry
2008-12-15
An La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite support was prepared by co-precipitation with the mixed aqueous solution of La(NO{sub 3}{sub 3}, Al(NO{sub 3){sub 3}, and ZrOCl{sub 2} dropping into the precipitant of (NH{sub 4})2CO{sub 3} aqueous solution. The Cu/La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst was prepared by the impregnation of La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} with active component Cu{sup 2+} aqueous solution. The effects of the catalyst on the selective catalytic reduction of NO with propylene in excess oxygen were investigated. The relationships between the preparation method, structure and properties of the Cu/La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst were also explored by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area measurements (BET), pyridine absorption infrared spectrum (Py-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The results indicate that the support {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} prepared by Al(NO{sub 3})3 dropping into (NH{sub 4}{sub 2} CO{sub 3} can remarkably enlarge the surface area; the addition of La{sub 2}O{sub 3} contributes mainly to the enhancement of the thermal stability; and the introduction of ZrO{sub 2} can increase the amount of Lewis and Broenstead acid. Consequently, the catalyst Cu/La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} has excellent activity for the selective reduction of NO with propylene in excess oxygen. NO conversion is up to 88.9% at 300{sup o}C and 81.9% even at the presence of 10% volume fraction of water vapor. 15 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Valence electron structure and properties of stabilized ZrO2
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
2008-01-01
To reveal the properties of stabilizers in ZrO2 on nanoscopic levels, the valence electron structures of four stable ZrO2 phases and c-ZrO2 were analyzed on the basis of the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules. The results showed that the hybridization levels of Zr atoms in c-ZrO2 doped with Ca and Mg dropped from B17 to B13, the hybridization levels of Zr atoms in c-ZrO2 doped with Y and Ce dropped from B17 to B15, and that the four stabilizing atoms all made the hybridization levels of O atoms drop from level 4 to level 2. The numbers of covalent electrons in the strongest covalent bond in the descending order are c-ZrO2>Zr0.82Ce0.18O2> Zr0.82Y0.18O1.91>Zr0.82Mg0.18O1.82>Zr0.82Ca0.18O1.82. The bond energies of the strongest covalent bond and the melting points of the solid solutions in the descending order are Zr0.82Ce0.18O2> c-ZrO2>Zr0.82Y0.18O1.91>Zr0.82Mg0.18O1.82>Zr0.82Ca0.18O1.82. The percent-ages of the total number of covalent electrons in the descending order are c-ZrO2>Zr0.82Y0.18O1.91> Zr0.82Ce0.18O2>Zr0.82Mg0.18O1.82> Zr0.82Ca0.18O1.82. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the stabilizing degrees of the four stabilizers in the descending order are CaO> MgO>Y2O3>CeO2.
Energetics of stepwise disordering transformation in pyrochlores, RE2Ti2O7 (RE = Y, Gd and Dy)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hayun, Shmuel; Tran, Tien B.; Lian, Jie; Fuentes, Antonio F.; Navrotsky, Alexandra
2012-01-01
Graphical abstract: The transformation from disordered to more order state in the pyrochlore system go through multiple energetics steps; the cation sublattice rearrangement is control by the diffusion of the cations while the anion sublattice display an irreversible transformation from a disordered to a higher-ordered state via diffusionless transformation. - Abstract: The capacity to incorporate actinide cations makes pyrochlore titanates first-choice phases in titanate-based waste form ceramics. Despite broad interest in the pyrochlore order–disorder transformation due to the cumulative effects of 238 U, 235 U and 232 Th radioactive decay and their daughter products, only limited thermodynamic data, mainly based on simulations of ion-beam irradiation experiments, have been reported. In this work, for the first time, heavily disordered pyrochlores, RE 2 Ti 2 O 7 (RE = Y, Gd and Dy), from mechanical milling of their constituent oxides, were thermochemically investigated. Two types of thermal events were identified using high-temperature differential scanning calorimetry and correlated to the structural disorder in the cation and anion sublattices. Moreover, the excess formation energy measured by oxide melt solution calorimetry shows that the smaller the ionic radius of the RE, the easier it is to remove damage domains.
Microstructural evolution of the system Ni-ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2} synthesized by the sol-gel process
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Garcia Murillo, A., E-mail: angarciam@ipn.m [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Altamira, Km. 14.5, Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, C.P. 89600 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CIITEC, Cerrada CECATI S/N Col. Sta. Catarina, Del. Azcapotzalco, Mexico D.F. 02250 (Mexico); Carrillo Romo, F. de J. [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Altamira, Km. 14.5, Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, C.P. 89600 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CIITEC, Cerrada CECATI S/N Col. Sta. Catarina, Del. Azcapotzalco, Mexico D.F. 02250 (Mexico); Torres Huerta, A.M.; Dominguez Crespo, M.A.; Ramirez Meneses, E. [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Altamira, Km. 14.5, Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, C.P. 89600 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Terrones, H. [Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Camino a la Presa San Jose 2055. Colonia Lomas 4 seccion S.L.P. (Mexico); Flores Vela, A. [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Altamira, Km. 14.5, Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, C.P. 89600 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico)
2010-04-16
The analysis of the structural changes corresponding with composition and temperature is fundamental for understanding the applications of ceramic glass. In particular, the system ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2} is commonly used in the ceramic industry due to the high chemical stability and superior resistance for dissolution during firing in glazes. This work is focused on the synthesis of Ni doped ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2} powders with different Zr:Si molar ratios (20:80, 50:50 and 70:30) by sol-gel process. For purposes of comparison, un-doped ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2} systems were also prepared. TEOS, zirconium propoxide and nickel chloride hexahydrate were used as precursors of the SiO{sub 2}, ZrO{sub 2} and ion dopant, respectively. The obtained xerogels were thermally treated from 300 to 1300 {sup o}C in order to follow their structural evolution. FT-IR results show the corresponding bands of the M-O bonds related to the formation of zircon at high temperatures, while XRD analyses display t-ZrO{sub 2} with traces of m-ZrO{sub 2} at the evaluated temperatures; also, between 1200 and 1300 {sup o}C, the zircon compound (ZrSiO{sub 4}) was detected. It was observed that inserting nickel as a dopant has a significant effect on the structural and morphological characteristics. From the comparison of the doped and un-doped specimens, we hypothesize that the presence of Ni and the heat treatment promote the stabilization and crystallization of the zircon phase at molar ratios higher than 50Zr:50Si, or Ni is incorporating into the ZrO{sub 2} phase, provoking oxygen vacancies and leading to tetragonal phase stabilization.
Structural order parameter in the pyrochlore superconductor Cd sub 2 Re sub 2 O sub 7
Sergienko, I A
2003-01-01
It is shown that both structural phase transitions in Cd sub 2 Re sub 2 O sub 7 , which occur at T sub s sub 1 = 200 K and T sub s sub 2 = 120 K, are due to an instability of the Re tetrahedral network with respect to the same doubly degenerate long-wavelength phonon mode. The primary structural order parameter transforms according to the irreducible representation E sub u of the point group O sub h. We argue that the transition at T sub s sub 1 may be of the second order, in accordance with experimental data. We obtain the phase diagram in the space of phenomenological parameters and propose a thermodynamic path that Cd sub 2 Re sub 2 O sub 7 follows upon cooling. Coupling of the itinerant electronic system and localized spin states in pyrochlores and spinels to atomic displacements are discussed. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Ruoyun; He, Xiaojing; Gao, Yuee; Zhang, Xiangyu; Yao, Xiaohong, E-mail: xhyao@tyut.edu.cn; Tang, Bin
2017-06-01
Zn-doped ZrO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} porous coatings (Zn-ZrO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2}) were prepared on the surface of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) by a hybrid approach of magnetron sputtering and micro-arc oxidation (MAO). The microstructures, phase constituents and elemental states of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrate that the Zn-ZrO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} coatings are porous and its thickness is approximately 13 μm. The major phases in the oxidation coating are tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} (t-ZrO{sub 2}), cubic ZrO{sub 2} (c-ZrO{sub 2}) and rutile TiO{sub 2}. XPS result reveals that Zn exists as ZnO in the Zn-ZrO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} coatings. The biological experiments indicate that Zn-ZrO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} coatings exhibit not only excellent antibacterial property against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), but also favorable cytocompatibility. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the coating is also appreciably improved in the simulated body fluids (SBF), which can ensure better biocompatibility in body fluids. - Highlights: • The porous Zn-ZrO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} coatings were successfully prepared by a novel duplex-treatment technique. • Zn-ZrO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} coatings possess superior corrosion resistance and excellent antibacterial ability against S. aureus. • Zn-ZrO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} coatings can enhance in vitro angiogenesis activity of osteoblastic cells.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Quinzeni, Irene; Capsoni, Doretta; Berbenni, Vittorio; Mustarelli, Piercarlo [Chemistry Department, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia (Italy); Sturini, Michela [Chemistry Department, Analytical Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia (Italy); Bini, Marcella, E-mail: bini@unipv.it [Chemistry Department, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia (Italy)
2017-01-01
Rechargeable all solid-state lithium batteries are a promising technology for the next generation of safer batteries. In this context, strict requirements are placed on the electrolytes, among which is emerging the Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} garnet, chiefly for the relationships among synthesis conditions and phase stability. Here, the structural modifications of the low temperature (LT) Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} cubic form were investigated by using in situ X-Rays diffraction analysis. In particular, we studied the role of both temperature and atmosphere (air or argon) on phase stabilization. In argon flow, the LT phase is stable under 750 °C, and it transforms into the tetragonal one at lower temperature. In air, it partially decomposes to La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} due to Li loss above 250 °C. ICP-OES analysis confirmed that garnet stoichiometry was maintained in argon, whereas in air lithium loss occurred. The structural transformations are driven by the CO{sub 2} absorbed in the LT structure that can form Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and/or La{sub 2}(CO{sub 3}){sub 3} so causing stoichiometry changes responsible of the structural evolution. - Highlights: • Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} is a promising electrolyte for rechargeable all solid state batteries. • The stability of low temperature cubic phase of garnet in argon and air was determined. • The garnet stoichiometry was maintained in argon while in air lithium loss occurred. • The influence of CO{sub 2} adsorption on the structural modifications of garnet was proved.
Spin correlations in the pyrochlore slab compounds Ba2Sn2Ga10-7pZnCr7pO22
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bonnet, P; Payen, C; Mutka, H; Danot, M; Fabritchnyi, P; Stewart, J R; Mellergaard, A; Ritter, C
2004-01-01
The low-temperature properties of a diluted antiferromagnetic pyrochlore slab of S = 3/2 spins are investigated through a study of the frustrated oxides Ba 2 Sn 2 Ga 10-7p ZnCr 7p O 22 (p>0.85). Powder neutron diffraction and 119 Sn Moessbauer absorption show no evidence of long-range magnetic order above 1.5 K. As in SrCr 9q Ga 12-9q O 19 , diffuse magnetic scattering, indicative of short range spin-spin correlations, is observed at low temperature. The dependence of the low-temperature sub-Curie bulk susceptibility to weak site depletion is the inverse of that observed in SrCr 9q Ga 12-9q O 19
Ion-Exchange Reaction Of A-Site In A2Ta2O6 Pyrochlore Crystal Structure
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Matsunami M.
2015-06-01
Full Text Available Na+ or K+ ion rechargeable battery is started to garner attention recently in Place of Li+ ion cell. It is important that A+ site ion can move in and out the positive-electrode materials. When K2Ta2O6 powder had a pyrochlore structure was only dipped into NaOH aqueous solution at room temperature, Na2Ta2O6 was obtained. K2Ta2O6 was fabricated from a tantalum sheet by a hydrothermal synthesize with KOH aqueous solution. When Na2Ta2O6 was dipped into KOH aqueous solution, K2Ta2O6 was obtained again. If KTaO3 had a perovskite structure was dipped, Ion-exchange was not observed by XRD. Because a lattice constant of pyrochlore structure of K-Ta-O system is bigger than perovskite, K+ or Na+ ion could shinny through and exchange between Ta5+ and O2− ion site in a pyrochlore structure. K+ or Na+ ion exchange of A2Ta2O6 pyrochlore had reversibility. Therefore, A2Ta2O6 had a pyrochlore structure can be expected such as Na+ ion rechargeable battery element.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Jiang, Yu; Huq, Ashfia; Booth, Corwin H.; Ehlers, Georg; Greedan, John E.; Gardner, Jason S.
2011-02-11
To understand the origin of the spin-glass state in molybdate pyrochlores, the structure of Tb{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7} is investigated using two techniques: the long-range lattice structure was measured using neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and local structure information was obtained from the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique. While the long-range structure appears generally well ordered, enhanced mean-squared site displacements on the O(1) site and the lack of temperature dependence of the strongly anisotropic displacement parameters for both the Mo and O(1) sites indicate some disorder exists. Likewise, the local structure measurements indicate some Mo-Mo and Tb-O(1) nearest-neighbor disorder exists, similar to that found in the related spin-glass pyrochlore, Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7}. Although the freezing temperature in Tb{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7}, 25 K, is slightly higher than in Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7}, 22 K, the degree of local pair distance disorder is actually less in Tb{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7}. This apparent contradiction is considered in light of the interactions involved in the freezing process.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Chatzichristodoulou, Christodoulos; Chen, Ming; Bowen, Jacob R.
2010-01-01
The phase relation in the ZrO2–LaO1.5–MnOx system has been experimentally determined at 1200° and 1400°C in air and at 1200°C in N2 (∼100 Pa). Tie lines between LaMnO3 and t-ZrO2 and between LaMnO3 and La2Zr2O7 are observed at 1200°C in air. The geometry of the phase diagram changes at 1400°C in ...
Preparation and dielectric properties of Dy, Er-doped BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ceramics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hao Sue; Sun Liang; Huang Jinxiang
2008-01-01
Ba(Zr x Ti 1-x )O 3 nanopowders and ceramics with different Zr/Ti ratios of 1:9; 2:8; 2.5:7.5; 3.5:6.5 and 4:6 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.35, 0.4) have been prepared by sol-gel technology using inorganic zirconium as raw materials, and Zr/Ti ratio of 2:8 is determined as the best one according to the measurements of dielectric properties. So the modified Ba(Zr 0.2 ,Ti 0.8 )O 3 ceramics doped by Dy and Er (the additive content is 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.50% molar ratio, respectively) have been prepared, and the effects of rare earth on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Ba(Zr 0.2 ,Ti 0.8 )O 3 ceramics have been studied. The experimental results show that the effect of Er is better than that of Dy in improving the dielectric properties of BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 ceramics. When the content of Er is 0.15 mol%, the dielectric constant is the highest of 12767, while the dielectric loss is lowered to 0.011; the frequency stabilities and the temperature dependence are also better, which is suitable for application in condenser field
Investigation of annealed and metamict pyrochlore minerals by x-ray absorption spectroscopy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Greegor, R.B.; Lytle, F.W.; Ewing, R.C.; Chakoumakos, B.C.; Lumpkin, G.R.
1984-01-01
Materials of the pyrochlore structure type exhibit a variety of interesting properties including phases capable of acting as hosts for actinides in radioactive wastes. Studies of curium doped gadolinium titanate phases (Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 ) have been made which showed that the radiation damage ingrowth followed an exponential relationship. For the study reported here a series of synthetic pyrochlores were produced having the titanate phase with the general formula (RE) 2 Ti 2 O 7 , RE = Er, Y 2 , Gd 2 , Dy, La. Additionally a set of metamict (radiation damaged) pyrochlores was examined in both a natural and post temperature annealed state. Experiments were conducted on these samples using the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) techniques. In summary, these studies show that in pyrochlore structure types the Ti-O cage undergoes changes due to radiation damage. The individual Ti-O bonds become more disordered which leads to a loss of short and long range order and, ultimately, to expansion of the bulk material. 2 refs., 2 figs
Yang, H. M.; Ma, S. Y.; Yang, G. J.; Chen, Q.; Zeng, Q. Z.; Ge, Q.; Ma, L.; Tie, Y.
2017-12-01
Hollow porous pure and La2O3 doped Zn2SnO4 fibers were synthesized via single capillary electrospinning technology and used for obtaining of gas sensors. The as-prepared samples were characterized by microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectra. The newly obtained gas sensors were investigated for acetone detection. Compared with pure Zn2SnO4 hollow fibers, the La2O3 doped Zn2SnO4 hollow fibers not only exhibited perfect sensing performance toward acetone with excellent selectivity, high response and fast response/recovery capability (7 s for adsorption and 9 s for desorption), but also the operating temperature was reduced from 240 °C to 200 °C. These results demonstrated that the special hollow porous La doped Zn2SnO4 fibers structures were used as the sensing material for fabricating high performance acetone sensors. The acetone sensing mechanism of La2O3 doped Zn2SnO4 hollow fibers was discussed too.
Dielectric behavior of samarium-doped BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ceramics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Li, Yuanliang; Wang, Ranran; Ma, Xuegang; Li, Zhongqiu; Sang, Rongli; Qu, Yuanfang
2014-01-01
Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • We investigate dielectric properties and phase transition of Sm 3+ -doped BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 ceramics. • The additive amount of Sm 2 O 3 can greatly affect the dielectric properties. • The materials undergo a diffuse type ferroelectric phase transition. • There is an alternation of substitution preference of Sm 3+ ion for the host cations in perovskite lattice. - Abstract: The dielectric properties and phase transition of Sm 3+ -doped BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 (BZT20) ceramics were investigated. Room temperature X-ray diffraction study suggested that the compositions had single-phase cubic symmetry. Microstructure studies showed that the grain size decreased and that the Sm 2 O 3 amount markedly affected the dielectric properties of BZT20. A dielectric constant of 5700 at 0.2 mol% Sm 2 O 3 and a dissipation factor of only 0.0011 at 2 mol% Sm 2 O 3 were observed, indicating that BZT20 had significant potential applications. Moreover, the dielectric constant, dissipation factor, phase-transition temperature, and maximum dielectric constant increased with increased Sm 2 O 3 amount at ≤0.2 mol% Sm 2 O 3 but decreased with increased Sm 2 O 3 amount at >0.2 mol% Sm 2 O 3
Effect of composition on thermal conductivity of MgO–Nd2Zr2O7 composites for inert matrix materials
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nelson, A.T.; Giachino, M.M.; Nino, J.C.; McClellan, K.J.
2014-01-01
Inert matrix fuels based on magnesium oxide (MgO) as the inert phase have been of historic interest due to its high thermal conductivity. Minor actinide-bearing phases possessing an A 2 B 2 O 7 pyrochlore structure are also believed to contain a range of favorable attributes, suggesting a possible pairing with MgO to yield a high performance inert matrix fuel. The thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal expansion of MgO–Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 composites were measured from room temperature to 1273 K, where the MgO phase content was varied from 40 to 70 volume percent. The thermal conductivity of each composition was calculated using these results and then compared to widely employed methods to approximate the thermal conductivity of composite materials based upon the properties of the constituent phases. Results suggest that use of either a rule of mixtures or geometric mean approximation for the thermal conductivity of composite systems such as this one would be subject to significant uncertainties when the constituent properties widely differ. A sigmoidal average of the upper and lower Hashin–Shtrikman bounds was found to be in good agreement with the thermal conductivity of the composites as determined experimentally
Synthesis of Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 Composites with Adjustable Thermal Expansion
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhiping Zhang
2017-11-01
Full Text Available Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 composites were fabricated by solid state reaction with the goal of tailoring the thermal expansion coefficient. XRD, SEM and TMA were used to investigate the composition, microstructure, and thermal expansion behavior of Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 composites with different mass ratio. Relative densities of all the resulting Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 samples were also tested by Archimedes' methods. The obtained Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 composites were comprised of orthorhombic Zr2WP2O12 and monoclinic ZrO2. As the increase of the Zr2WP2O12, the relative densities of Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 ceramic composites increased gradually. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 composites can be tailored from 4.1 × 10−6 K−1 to −3.3 × 10−6 K−1 by changing the content of Zr2WP2O12. The 2:1 Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 specimen shows close to zero thermal expansion from 25 to 700°C with an average linear thermal expansion coefficient of −0.09 × 10−6 K−1. These adjustable and near zero expansion ceramic composites will have great potential application in many fields.
Synthesis of Zr2WP2O12/ZrO2 Composites with Adjustable Thermal Expansion.
Zhang, Zhiping; Sun, Weikang; Liu, Hongfei; Xie, Guanhua; Chen, Xiaobing; Zeng, Xianghua
2017-01-01
Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 /ZrO 2 composites were fabricated by solid state reaction with the goal of tailoring the thermal expansion coefficient. XRD, SEM and TMA were used to investigate the composition, microstructure, and thermal expansion behavior of Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 /ZrO 2 composites with different mass ratio. Relative densities of all the resulting Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 /ZrO 2 samples were also tested by Archimedes' methods. The obtained Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 /ZrO 2 composites were comprised of orthorhombic Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 and monoclinic ZrO 2 . As the increase of the Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 , the relative densities of Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 /ZrO 2 ceramic composites increased gradually. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 /ZrO 2 composites can be tailored from 4.1 × 10 -6 K -1 to -3.3 × 10 -6 K -1 by changing the content of Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 . The 2:1 Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 /ZrO 2 specimen shows close to zero thermal expansion from 25 to 700°C with an average linear thermal expansion coefficient of -0.09 × 10 -6 K -1 . These adjustable and near zero expansion ceramic composites will have great potential application in many fields.
Density functional theory calculations of the water interactions with ZrO2 nanoparticles Y2O3 doped
Subhoni, Mekhrdod; Kholmurodov, Kholmirzo; Doroshkevich, Aleksandr; Asgerov, Elmar; Yamamoto, Tomoyuki; Lyubchyk, Andrei; Almasan, Valer; Madadzada, Afag
2018-03-01
Development of a new electricity generation techniques is one of the most relevant tasks, especially nowadays under conditions of extreme growth in energy consumption. The exothermic heterogeneous electrochemical energy conversion to the electric energy through interaction of the ZrO2 based nanopowder system with atmospheric moisture is one of the ways of electric energy obtaining. The questions of conversion into the electric form of the energy of water molecules adsorption in 3 mol% Y2O3 doped ZrO2 nanopowder systems were investigated using the density functional theory calculations. The density functional theory calculations has been realized as in the Kohn-Sham formulation, where the exchange-correlation potential is approximated by a functional of the electronic density. The electronic density, total energy and band structure calculations are carried out using the all-electron, full potential, linear augmented plane wave method of the electronic density and related approximations, i.e. the local density, the generalized gradient and their hybrid approximations.
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Kurosawa, S.; Shishido, T.; Suzuki, A.; Pejchal, Jan; Yokota, Y.; Yoshikawa, A.
2014-01-01
Roč. 744, Apr (2014), 30-34 ISSN 0168-9002 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : scintillator * Ce-doped (La, Gd) 2 Si 2 O 7 * temperature dependence * APD Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.216, year: 2014
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Yue, Zhao; Li, Xiaofen; Khoryushin, Alexey
2012-01-01
Preparation and characterization of a biaxially textured Gd2Zr2O7 and Ce0.9La0.1O2 − y (CLO, cap)/Gd2Zr2O7 (GZO, barrier) buffer layer stack by the metal–organic deposition route are reported. YBa2Cu3O7 − d (YBCO) superconductor films were deposited by the pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) technique ...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lara-García, Hugo A.; Romero-Ibarra, Issis C.; Pfeiffer, Heriberto, E-mail: pfeiffer@iim.unam.mx
2014-10-15
Hierarchical growth of cubic ZrO{sub 2} phase was successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process in the presence of different surfactants (cationic, non-ionic and anionic) and sodium hydroxide. The structural and microstructural characterizations of different ZrO{sub 2} powders were performed using various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N{sub 2} adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy and infrared. Results indicated that sodium addition stabilized the cubic ZrO{sub 2} phase by a Na-doping process, independently of the surfactant used. In contrast, microstructural characteristics varied as a function of the surfactant and sodium presence. In addition, water vapor (H{sub 2}O) and carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) sorption properties were evaluated on ZrO{sub 2} samples. Results evidenced that sample surface reactivity changed as a function of the sodium content. Finally, this surface reactivity was evaluated on the biodiesel transesterification reaction using the different synthesized samples, obtaining yields of 93%. - Graphical abstract: Hierarchical growth of cubic Na-ZrO{sub 2} phase was synthesized by hydrothermal processes in the presence of surfactants and sodium. Sodium addition stabilized the cubic phase by a Na-doping process, while the microstructural characteristics varied with surfactants. Finally, this surface reactivity was evaluated on the biodiesel transesterification reaction. - Highlights: • Cubic-ZrO{sub 2} phase was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process. • ZrO{sub 2} structure and microstructures changed as a function of the surfactant. • Cubic-ZrO{sub 2} phase was evaluated on the biodiesel transesterification reaction.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hannes Rijckaert
2018-06-01
Full Text Available The formation of superconducting nanocomposites from preformed nanocrystals is still not well understood. Here, we examine the case of ZrO2 nanocrystals in a YBa2Cu3O7−x matrix. First we analyzed the preformed ZrO2 nanocrystals via atomic pair distribution function analysis and found that the nanocrystals have a distorted tetragonal crystal structure. Second, we investigated the influence of various surface ligands attached to the ZrO2 nanocrystals on the distribution of metal ions in the pyrolyzed matrix via secondary ion mass spectroscopy technique. The choice of stabilizing ligand is crucial in order to obtain good superconducting nanocomposite films with vortex pinning. Short, carboxylate based ligands lead to poor superconducting properties due to the inhomogeneity of metal content in the pyrolyzed matrix. Counter-intuitively, a phosphonate ligand with long chains does not disturb the growth of YBa2Cu3O7−x. Even more surprisingly, bisphosphonate polymeric ligands provide good colloidal stability in solution but do not prevent coagulation in the final film, resulting in poor pinning. These results thus shed light on the various stages of the superconducting nanocomposite formation.
Physical Characteristics and Sintering Behavior of MgO-Doped ZrO2nanoparticles
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Muccillo, E.N.S.; Tadokoro, S.K.; Muccillo, R.
2004-01-01
Nanosized particles of 13mol% MgO-doped ZrO 2 with a narrow distribution of pore sizes were prepared by the coprecipitation technique using optimized parameters of synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the calcined powder reveals that the majority of the particles have grain sizes in the 10-20nm range. From nitrogen adsorption analysis an average particle size of 13nm was estimated, which is similar to the average pore size diameter (12nm). Besides the unimodal distribution of pore sizes, the linear shrinkage curve of a powder compact exhibits several inflexions indicating different rates of densification up to 1600 deg. C. After sintering at 1600 deg. C for 2h, the microstructure features of a compact are characteristics of the intermediate stage with interconnected porosity preferentially observed at grain boundaries. These results are explained as a size effect of nanoparticles of magnesia-doped zirconia during sintering
Synthesis of ZrO2-8%CeO2 and ZrO2-8%Y2O3 by polymeric precursors route
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Macedo, D.A.; Macedo, M.C.; Melo, D.M.A.; Nascimento, R.M.; Rabelo, A.A.
2006-01-01
The stabilization of zirconia in the cubical and tetragonal structures comes gaining importance because of its excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical properties and oxygen conductivity. Its main applications include electrolytes of high temperature fuel cells, sensors of oxygen and electrochemical reactors. In this work the polymeric precursors route was used to synthesize ZrO 2 -8 mol% Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 -8 mol%CeO 2 . In this process the dopant concentration, besides making possible the stabilization of distinct structures, influences in the morphologic characteristics of the powders synthesized. The characterization of the powders was carried through X-ray diffraction for existing phases verification and average crystallite size, thermogravimetric analysis, specific surface area measures, particles size distribution by laser scattering and the powder morphology was observed using scanning electronic microscopy. The powder only calcined at 700 deg C had presented of average crystallite size of 6,77 nm for ZrO 2 -8%Y 2 O 3 and 7,14 nm for ZrO 2 -CeO 2 . (author)
Investigations of the magnetic properties in the pyrochlore Ho{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Schoenemann, Rico; Herrmannsdoerfer, Thomas; Green, Elizabeth Lauren; Wang, Zhaosheng; Wosnitza, Joachim [Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden (Germany); Skrotzki, Richard [Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden (Germany); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Kaneko, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Haruhiko [Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa (Japan)
2013-07-01
Pyrochlore compounds such as R{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} (where R is Ho or Dy) have an highly degenerate ground state where the R{sup 3+} moments obey the ''ice rules''. This provides access to study extraordinary physical phenomena, like the formation of magnetic monopoles. Recent publications evidence monopoles which can be probed using high frequency (adiabatic) susceptibility measurements. We performed ac susceptibility measurements on a single-crystal Ho{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} sample at low temperatures down to 30 mK and magnetic fields up to 14 T. Based on isothermal frequency sweeps we were able to determine spin relaxation rates. Both the real and imaginary parts of the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements show the spins freezing below 1 K and provide insight into the magnetic-monopole density.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chukanov, Nikita V. [Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka (Russian Federation); Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Pakhomova, Anna S. [St. Petersburg State Univ. (Russian Federation). Faculty of Crystallography; Pekov, Igor V.; Vigasina, Marina F. [Moscow State Univ. (Russian Federation). Faculty of Geology; Schaefer, Christof [Suedwestdeutsche Salzwerke AG, Heilbronn (Germany); Van, Konstantin V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka (Russian Federation). Inst. of Experimental Mineralogy
2014-02-15
The new mineral laachite was discovered in a sanidinite specimen from the Laach Lake (Laacher See) volcano, Eifel region, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. Associated minerals are sanidine, allanite-(Ce), baddeleyite, hau¨yne, hedenbergite, intermediate members of the jacobsite-magnetite series, phlogopite, rhodonite, spessartine, tephroite, thorite, zircon, and a pyrochlore-group mineral. Laachite is deep brownish-red, has an adamantine lustre, and is translucent; the streak is brownish red. It forms longprismatic crystals up to 0.02 x 0.04 x 0.5 mm, which are present as random intergrowths and twins in cavities within sanidinite. The density calculated from the empirical formula is 5.417 g/cm{sup 3}. The mean refractive index calculated from the Gladstone-Dale relationship is 2.26. The Raman spectrum shows the absence of hydrogen-bearing groups. The chemical composition is (electron microprobe, mean of 5 analyses, wt. %): CaO 4.29, MnO 9.42, FeO 5.73, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} 2.56, La{sub 2}O{sub 3} 2.00, Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} 6.37, Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} 2.22, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} 0.99, ThO{sub 2} 7.75, TiO{sub 2} 10.98, ZrO{sub 2} 19.39, Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} 27.82, total 99.52. The empirical formula based on 14 O atoms is: (Ca{sub 0.66}Mn{sub 0.37}Th{sub 0.25}Y{sub 0.20}La{sub 0.11}Ce{sub 0.34}Nd{sub 0.11})(Zr{sub 1.3} {sub 6}Mn{sub 0.64})(Nb{sub 1.81}Ti{sub 1.19})(Fe{sub 0.69}Al{sub 0.17}Mn{sub 0.14})O{sub 14.00}. The simplified formula, taking into account the structural data, is: (Ca,Mn){sub 2}(Zr,Mn){sub 2}Nb{sub 2}TiFeO{sub 14}. Laachite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 7.3119(5), b = 14.1790(10), c = 10.1700(7)Aa, β = 90.072(2), V = 1054.38(1) Aa{sup 3}, Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Laachite is a monoclinic analogue of zirconolite-3O, CaZrTi{sub 2}O{sub 7}, with Nb dominant over Ti in the octahedral sites Nb1 and Nb2 and Fe dominant in a site with four-fold coordination. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction
Effect of photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by N-Zr co-doped nano TiO2.
Zhang, Ru; Wang, Li; Kang, Zhuo; Li, Qiang; Pan, Huixian
2017-11-01
Modified sol-gel method was adopted to prepare TiO 2 , Zr-TiO 2 and N/Zr-TiO 2 composite catalyst. The as-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunner- Emmet- Teller measurement and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. And the photocatalytic performance toward CO 2 reduction was evaluated under ultraviolet light. The catalyst particles were demonstrated in the nanometer level size. When N and Zr are co-doped, on the one hand, Ti 4+ can be replaced by Zr 4 +, which leads to lattice distortion and inhibits electron-hole recombination. On the other hand, N enters into TiO 2 lattice gap to form O-Ti-N bond structure, and partial Ti 4+ are reduced to Ti 3+ . Compared with pristine TiO 2 , the specific surface area and the band gap of N/Zr-TiO 2 were improved and reduced, respectively. The N and Zr synergistically contribute to the obviously strengthened absorption intensity in visible region, as well as significantly improved photocatalytic activity. In the gas phase reactor, when the calcination temperature was 550°C, 0.125N/0.25Zr-TiO 2 composite performed the highest photocatalytic activity UV irradiation for 8 h, and the corresponding CH 4 yield was 11.837 µmol/g, which was 87.8% higher than that of pristine TiO 2 . For the visible light, the CH 4 yield was 9.003 µmol/g after 8 h irradiation, which was 83.9% higher than that of pristine TiO 2 .
Raman effect in ferroelectric Cd2Nb2O7 and in other crystals with pyrochlorine-type structure
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Pisarev, R.V.; Sinij, I.G.; Kuz'minov, E.G.; Myl'nikova, I.E.
1976-01-01
Vibrational structure of cadmium and lead pyroniobates and a number of other crystals with a pyrochlore structure has been investigated by Raman scattering. The scattering has been studied using a double monochromator, HeNe laser, and a photons counter. In the Raman spectrum of cadmium and lead pyroniobates three frequency band1 can be distinguished. In the spectrum of rhombohedral lead pyroniobate the band structure in resolved much better than in the spectrum of cubic cadmium pyroniobate. The spectrum of lead pyroniobate crystals doped with magnesium and zinc ions has a medium (in the sense of complexity) structure, because big lead ions deteriorate the pyrochlore structure but doping of lead pyroniobate with Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions improves it. More than six bands in the Raman spectrum is associated with the presence of impurities in cubic cadmium pyroniobate that deteriorate its cubic structure. The decrease of temperature leads to a big change of the Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 spectrum. However, the spectrum of Pb 2 Nb 2 O 7 -Zn cubic crystal measured ar temperatures below 100 deg K remais unchanged. The chages of the Cd 2 Nb 2 O 7 spectrum are associated with phase transitions at 200 and 85 K and also with ferroelectric transition at 185 K
Schmitt, Michael P.; Rai, Amarendra K.; Bhattacharya, Rabi; Zhu, Dongming; Wolfe, Douglas E.
2014-01-01
To allow for increased gas turbine efficiencies, new insulating thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) must be developed to protect the underlying metallic components from higher operating temperatures. This work focused on using rare earth doped (Yb and Gd) yttria stabilized zirconia (t' Low-k) and Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlores (GZO) combined with novel nanolayered and thick layered microstructures to enable operation beyond the 1200 C stability limit of current 7 wt% yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) coatings. It was observed that the layered system can reduce the thermal conductivity by approximately 45 percent with respect to YSZ after 20 hr of testing at 1316 C. The erosion rate of GZO is shown to be an order to magnitude higher than YSZ and t' Low-k, but this can be reduced by almost 57 percent when utilizing a nanolayered structure. Lastly, the thermal instability of the layered system is investigated and thought is given to optimization of layer thickness.
Structures and solid solution mechanisms of pyrochlore phases in the systems Bi2O3-ZnO-(Nb, Ta)2O5
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tan, K.B.; Khaw, C.C.; Lee, C.K.; Zainal, Z.; Miles, G.C.
2010-01-01
Research highlights: → Combined XRD and ND Rietveld structural refinement of pyrochlores. → Structures and solid solution mechanisms of Bi-pyrochlores. → Bi and Zn displaced off-centre to different 96g A-site positions. → Summary of composition-structure-property of Bi-pyrochlores. - Abstract: The crystal structures of two pyrochlore phases have been determined by Rietveld refinement of combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. These are stoichiometric, Bi 1.5 ZnTa 1.5 O 7 and non-stoichiometric Bi 1.56 Zn 0.92 Nb 1.44 O 6.86 . In both structures, Zn is distributed over A- and B-sites; Bi and Zn are displaced off-centre, to different 96g A-site positions; of the three sets of oxygen positions, O(1) are full, O(2) contain vacancies and O(3) contain a small number of oxygen, again in both cases. Comparisons between these structures, those of related Sb analogues and literature reports are made.
Klettlinger, Jennifer Lindsey Suder
2012-01-01
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and zirconium oxide on alumina supported cobalt catalysts. The hypothesis was that the presence of lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide would reduce the interaction between cobalt and the alumina support. This was of interest because an optimized weakened interaction could lead to the most advantageous cobalt dispersion, particle size, and reducibility. The presence of these oxides on the support were investigated using a wide range of characterization techniques such as SEM, nitrogen adsorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed reduction after reduction (TPR-AR), and hydrogen chemisorptions/pulse reoxidation. Results indicated that both La2O3 and TiO2 doped supports facilitated the reduction of cobalt oxide species in reference to pure alumina supported cobalt catalysts, however further investigation is needed to determine the effect of ZrO2 on the reduction profile. Results showed an increased corrected cluster size for all three doped supported catalysts in comparison to their reference catalysts. The increase in reduction and an increase in the cluster size led to the conclusion that the support-metal interaction weakened by the addition of TiO2 and La2O3. It is also likely that the interaction decreased upon presence of ZrO2 on the alumina, but further research is necessary. Preliminary results have indicated that the alumina-supported catalysts with titanium oxide and lanthanum oxide present are of interest because of the weakened cobalt support interaction. These catalysts showed an increased extent of reduction, therefore more metallic cobalt is present on the support. However, whether or not there is more cobalt available to participate in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction (cobalt surface atoms) depends also on the cluster size. On one hand, increasing cluster size alone tends to decrease the
Li, Guogang; Peng, Chong; Zhang, Cuimiao; Xu, Zhenhe; Shang, Mengmeng; Yang, Dongmei; Kang, Xiaojiao; Wang, Wenxin; Li, Chunxia; Cheng, Ziyong; Lin, Jun
2010-11-15
LaCO(3)OH nano/microcrystals with a variety of morphologies/sizes including nanoflakes, microflowers, nano/microrhombuses, two-double microhexagrams sandwichlike microspindles, and peach-nucleus-shaped microcrystals have been synthesized via a facile homogeneous precipitation route under mild conditions. A series of controlled experiments indicate that the pH values in the initial reaction systems, carbon sources, and simple ions (NH(4)(+) and Na(+)) were responsible for the shape determination of the LaCO(3)OH products. A possible formation mechanism for these products with diverse architectures has been presented. After annealing at suitable temperatures, LaCO(3)OH was easily converted to La(2)O(2)CO(3) and La(2)O(3) with the initial morphologies. A systematic study on the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of Eu(3+)- or Tb(3+)-doped La(2)O(2)CO(3)/La(2)O(3) samples has been performed in detail. The excitation and site-selective emission spectra were recorded to investigate the microstructure, site symmetry, and difference in the (5)D(0) → (7)F(2) transition of Eu(3+) ions in La(2)O(2)CO(3) and La(2)O(3) host lattices. In addition, the dependence of the luminescent intensity on the morphology for the as-prepared La(2)O(2)CO(3)/La(2)O(3):Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb) samples has been investigated. The ability of generating diverse morphologies and multiemitting colors for different rare-earth activator ion (Ln = Eu, Tb) doped La(2)O(2)CO(3)/La(2)O(3) nano/microstructures provides a great opportunity for the systematic evaluation of morphology-dependent luminescence properties, as well as the full exploration of their application in many types of color display fields.
Zirconium doped TiO{sub 2} thin films deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Juma, A. [Laboratory of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn (Estonia); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private bag 16, Palapye (Botswana); Oja Acik, I., E-mail: ilona.oja@ttu.ee [Laboratory of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn (Estonia); Oluwabi, A.T.; Mere, A. [Laboratory of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn (Estonia); Mikli, V.; Danilson, M. [Chair of Semiconductor Materials Technology, Department of Materials Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn (Estonia); Krunks, M. [Laboratory of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn (Estonia)
2016-11-30
Highlights: • Mean crystallite size of TiO{sub 2}:Zr film decreases with increasing [Zr] in the solution. • Zr doping supresses the anatase to rutile transformation process in TiO{sub 2} films. • Band gap of TiO{sub 2}:Zr film is 3.4 eV irrespective of the annealing temperature. - Abstract: Chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) is a flexible deposition technique that allows for mixing of the precursor solutions in different proportions suitable for doping thin films. The CSP method was used to dope TiO{sub 2} thin films with Zr by adding zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate into a solution of titanium(IV) isopropoxide in ethanol stabilized by acetylacetone at [Zr]/[Ti] of 0, 5, 10 and 20 at%. The Zr-doped TiO{sub 2} thin films were uniform and homogeneous showing much smaller grains than the undoped TiO{sub 2} films. Zr stabilized the anatase phase to temperatures above 800 °C depending on Zr concentration in the spray solution. The concentration of Zr determined by XPS was 6.4 at% for the thin film deposited from the 20 at% solution. According to AFM studies, Zr doping decreased the root mean square roughness of TiO{sub 2} film from 5.9 to 1.1 nm. An XRD study of samples with the highest Zr amount showed the ZrTiO{sub 4} phase started forming after annealing at 800 °C. The optical band gap for TiO{sub 2} decreased from 3.3 eV to 3.0 eV after annealing at 800 °C but for the TiO{sub 2}:Zr(20) film it remained at 3.4 eV. The dielectric constant increased by more than four times with Zr-doping and this was associated with the change in the bond formations caused by substitution of Ti by Zr in the lattice.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhang, Xin; Zhao, Yong; Xia, Yudong; Guo, Chunsheng; Cheng, C.H.; Zhang, Yong; Zhang, Han
2015-01-01
Highlights: • We develops a low-cost and high-efficient technology of fabricating LZO buffer layers. • Sufficient thickness LZO buffer layers have been obtained on NiW (2 0 0) alloy substrate. • Highly biaxially textured YBCO thin film has been deposited on LZO/NiW. - Abstract: La 2 Zr 2 O 7 (LZO) epitaxial films have been deposited on LaAlO 3 (LAO) (1 0 0) single-crystal surface and bi-axially textured NiW (2 0 0) alloy substrate by polymer-assisted chemical solution deposition, and afterwards studied with XRD, SEM and AFM approaches. Highly in-plane and out-of-plane oriented, dense, smooth, crack free and with a sufficient thickness (>240 nm) LZO buffer layers have been obtained on LAO (1 0 0) single-crystal surface; The films deposited on NiW (2 0 0) alloy substrate are also found with high degree in-plane and out-of-plane texturing, good density with pin-hole-free, micro-crack-free nature and a thickness of 300 nm. Highly epitaxial 500 nm thick YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x (YBCO) thin film exhibits the self-field critical current density (Jc) reached 1.3 MA/cm 2 at 77 K .These results demonstrate the LZO epi-films obtained with current techniques have potential to be a buffer layer for REBCO coated conductors
Synthesis of DME by CO2 hydrogenation over La2O3-modified CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5 catalysts
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhang Yajing
2017-01-01
Full Text Available A series of La2O3-modified CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by an oxalate co-precipitation method. The catalysts were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, hydrogen temperature pro-grammed reduction (H2-TPR, ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS techniques. The effect of the La2O3 content on the structure and performance of the catalysts was thoroughly investigated. The catalysts were evaluated for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME from CO2 hydrogenation. The results displayed that La2O3 addition enhanced catalytic performance, and the maximal CO2 conversion (34.3% and DME selectivity (57.3% were obtained over the catalyst with 1% La2O3, which due to the smaller size of Cu species and a larger ratio of Cu+/Cu.
Xiao, Wei; Wang, Zhiyan; Zhang, Yan; Fang, Rui; Yuan, Zun; Miao, Chang; Yan, Xuemin; Jiang, Yu
2018-04-01
To improve the ionic conductivity as well as enhance the mechanical strength of the gel polymer electrolyte, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoroprolene) (P(VDF-HFP))-based composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) membranes doped with the organic-inorganic hybrid particles poly(methyl methacrylate) -ZrO2 (PMMA-ZrO2) are prepared by phase inversion method, in which PMMA is successfully grafted onto the surface of the homemade nano-ZrO2 particles via in situ polymerization confirmed by FT-IR. XRD and DSC patterns show adding PMMA-ZrO2 particles into P(VDF-HFP) can significantly decrease the crystallinity of the CPE membrane. The CPE membrane doped with 5 wt % PMMA-ZrO2 particles can not only present a homogeneous surface with abundant interconnected micro-pores, but maintain its initial shape after thermal exposure at 160 °C for 1 h, in which the ionic conductivity and lithium ion transference number at room temperature can reach to 3.59 × 10-3 S cm-1 and 0.41, respectively. The fitting results of the EIS plots indicate the doped PMMA-ZrO2 particles can significantly lower the interface resistance and promote lithium ions diffusion rate. The Li/CPE-sPZ/LiCoO2 and Li/CPE-sPZ/Graphite coin cells can deliver excellent rate and cycling performance. Those results suggest the P(VDF-HFP)-based CPE doped with 5 wt % PMMA-ZrO2 particles can become an exciting potential candidate as polymer electrolyte for the lithium ion battery.
Phase transition and water incorporation into Eu2Sn2O7 pyrochlore at high pressure
Zhang, F. X.; Lang, M.; Ewing, R. C.
2016-04-01
Structural changes of europium stannate pyrochlore, Eu2Sn2O7, have been investigated at high pressures with in situ Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The XRD measurements suggest that a pressure-induced phase transition starts at 34.4 GPa. The PL spectrum from Eu3+ cations also suggests a phase transition above 36 GPa. XRD analysis shows that the unit cell of the cubic phase deviates from the equation of state at pressures above 23.8 GPa. This is due to the incorporation of water from the pressure medium in the structure at high pressures, which is confirmed by optical spectroscopy measurements.
Fernandes, Arantxa; Moran, Robert F; Sneddon, Scott; Dawson, Daniel M; McKay, David; Bignami, Giulia P M; Blanc, Frédéric; Whittle, Karl R; Ashbrook, Sharon E
2018-02-13
The potential of 17 O NMR spectroscopy for the investigation of A 2 B 2 O 7 ceramic oxides important in the encapsulation of radioactive waste is demonstrated, with post-synthetic enrichment by exchange with 17 O 2 gas. For Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 , Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 and La 2 Sn 2 O 7 pyrochlores, enrichment of the two distinct O species is clearly non quantitative at lower temperatures (∼700 °C and below) and at shorter times, despite these being used in prior work, with preferential enrichment of OA 2 B 2 favoured over that of OA 4 . At higher temperatures, the 17 O NMR spectra suggest that quantitative enrichment has been achieved, but the integrated signal intensities do not reflect the crystallographic 1 : 6 (O1 : O2) ratio until corrected for differences in T 1 relaxation rates and, more importantly, the contribution of the satellite transitions. 17 O NMR spectra of Y 2 Zr 2 O 7 and Y 2 Hf 2 O 7 defect fluorites showed little difference with any variation in enrichment temperature or time, although an increase in the absolute level of enrichment (up to ∼7.5%) was observed at higher temperature. DFT calculations show that the six distinct resonances observed cannot be assigned unambiguously, as each has contributions from more than one of the five possible next nearest neighbour environments. For La 2 Ti 2 O 7 , which adopts a layered perovskite-like structure, little difference in the spectral intensities is observed with enrichment time or temperature, although the highest absolute levels of enrichment (∼13%) were obtained at higher temperature. This work demonstrates that 17 O NMR has the potential to be a powerful probe of local structure and disorder in oxides, but that considerable care must be taken both in choosing the conditions for 17 O enrichment and the experimental acquisition parameters if the necessary quantitative measurements are to be obtained for more complex systems.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang, Chaohui; Wang, You; Fan, Shan; You, Yuan; Wang, Liang; Yang, Changlong; Sun, Xiaoguang; Li, Xuewei
2015-01-01
In this paper, an optimized functionally graded coating (OFGC) was successfully fabricated by suspension plasma spraying (SPS) with feedstocks of the suspension of nanoparticles. La 2 Zr 2 O 7 /8YSZ OFGC with gradual compositional variation along the through-thickness direction is proposed to mitigate spallation and crack formation owing to the high residual stresses caused by frequent thermal cycling for TBCs. The single ceramic layer coatings (SCLC) of LZ and double ceramic layer coatings (DCLC) of LZ/8YSZ were fabricated by SPS as comparison. The phase composition and microstructure of the SCLC, OFGC and DCLC were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Moreover, the thermal cycling tests were carried out to evaluate their thermal shock behavior. Changes in weight and morphology of specimens were analyzed during thermal cycling tests. The results showed that OFGC has extended lifetime compared with SCLC and DCLC. The failure of DCLC with clear interface between different ceramic layers occurred via delamination mode, as a result of crack initiation and propagation generated by thermal mismatch between LZ and 8YSZ. While the failure of OFGC occurred in thermally grown oxide (TGO) layers, indicating that the gradual compositional variation avoided thermal stress concentration in the top ceramic layers. - Highlights: • Optimized functionally graded coatings and double ceramic layer coatings were deposited by suspension plasma spray. • The graded area of OFGC is continuously changed from inner 8YSZ to outer La 2 Zr 2 O 7 (LZ). • The OFGC shows a more extended thermal cycling life than the LZ SCLC and LZ/8YSZ DCLC. • Various failure mechanisms were proposed to explain thermal cycling behavior
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Xu Zhenhua [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China); Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Department 5, P.O. Box 81-5, Beijing 100095 (China); He Limin, E-mail: he_limin@yahoo.co [Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Department 5, P.O. Box 81-5, Beijing 100095 (China); Chen Xiaolong; Zhao Yu [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China); Mu Rende; He Shimei [Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Department 5, P.O. Box 81-5, Beijing 100095 (China); Cao Xueqiang, E-mail: xcao@ciac.jl.c [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China)
2010-10-15
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (LZ) with the addition of 3 wt.% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} (LZ3Y) were deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The phase structures, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, cyclic oxidation behaviors of these coatings were studied in detail. The thermal cycling test at 1373 K in an air furnace indicates that the LZ3Y coating has a lifetime of 617 cycles which is about 10% longer than that of LZ coating. The improvement of chemical homogeneity of the coating, the superior growth behavior of columns and the favorable mechanical properties are all very helpful to the prolongation of thermal cycling life of LZ3Y coating. The failure of LZ and LZ3Y coatings is mainly a result of the excess La{sub 2}O{sub 3}, the chemical incompatibility of ceramic coatings with TGO layer, the thermal expansion mismatch between ceramic coatings and bond coat, and the outward diffusion of alloying elements into the ceramic coatings.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cunha, Cesar dos Santos [Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirao Preto/SP (Brazil); Ferrari, Jefferson Luis [Grupo de Pesquisa em Quimica de Materiais - (GPQM), Departamento de Ciencias Naturais, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praca Dom Helvecio, 74, 36301-160, Sao Joao Del Rei, MG (Brazil); Oliveira, Drielly Cristina de [Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirao Preto/SP (Brazil); Maia, Lauro June Queiroz [Grupo Fisica de Materiais, Instituto de Fisica, UFG, Campus Samambaia, Caixa Postal 131, 74001-970, Goiania/GO (Brazil); Gomes, Anderson Stevens Leonidas [Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitaria, Recife/PE, 50670-901 (Brazil); Ribeiro, Sidney Jose Lima [Laboratorio de Materiais Fotonicos, Instituto de Quimica, UNESP, Caixa Postal 355, 14801-970, Araraquara/SP (Brazil); and others
2012-09-14
Optical and structural properties of planar and channel waveguides based on sol-gel Er{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+} co-doped SiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} are reported. Microstructured channels with high homogeneous surface profile were written onto the surface of multilayered densified films deposited on SiO{sub 2}/Si substrates by a femtosecond laser etching technique. The densification of the planar waveguides was evaluated from changes in the refractive index and thickness, with full densification being achieved at 900 Degree-Sign C after annealing from 23 up to 500 min, depending on the ZrO{sub 2} content. Crystal nucleation and growth took place together with densification, thereby producing transparent glass ceramic planar waveguides containing rare earth-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanocrystals dispersed in a silica-based glassy host. Low roughness and crack-free surface as well as high confinement coefficient were achieved for all the compositions. Enhanced NIR luminescence of the Er{sup 3+} ions was observed for the Yb{sup 3+}-codoped planar waveguides, denoting an efficient energy transfer from the Yb{sup 3+} to the Er{sup 3+} ion. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sol-gel high NIR luminescent nanostructured planar and channel waveguides. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructured channels written by a femtosecond laser etching technique. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Transparent glass ceramic with rare earth-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanocrystals in a silica host. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Enhanced NIR luminescence, efficient energy transfer from the Yb{sup 3+} to the Er{sup 3+} ion. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New planar channel waveguides to be applied as EDWA in the C telecommunication band.
Thermoluminescent dosimetry of beta radiations of 90 Sr/ 90 Y using ZrO2: Eu
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Olvera T, L.; Azorin N, J.; Barrera S, M.; Soto E, A.M.; Rivera M, T.
2005-01-01
In this work the results of studying the thermoluminescent properties (TL) of the doped zirconium oxide with europium (ZrO 2 : Eu 3+ ) before beta radiations of 90 Sr/ 90 Y are presented. The powders of ZrO 2 : Eu 3+ were obtained by means of the sol-gel technique and they were characterized by means of thermal analysis and by X-ray diffraction. The powders of ZrO 2 : Eu 3+ , previously irradiated with beta particles of 90 Sr/ 90 Y, presented a thermoluminescent curve with two peaks at 204 and 292 C respectively. The TL response of the ZrO 2 : Eu 3+ as function of the absorbed dose was lineal from 2 Gy up to 90 Gy. The fading of the information of the ZrO 2 : Eu 3+ was of 10% the first 2 hours remaining almost constant the information by the following 30 days. The ZrO 2 doped with the (Eu 3+ ) ion it was found more sensitive to the beta radiation that the one of zirconium oxide without doping (ZrO 2 ) obtained by the same method. Those studied characteristics allow to propose to the doped zirconium oxide with europium like thermoluminescent dosemeter for the detection of the beta radiation. (Author)
Liang, K.; Zhou, P.; Ma, Z. J.; Qi, Y. J.; Mei, Z. H.; Zhang, T. J.
2017-05-01
Magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect of 2-2-type ferromagnetic/ferroelectric bi-layer multiferroic epitaxial thin film (La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7/PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3, LSMO/PZT) on SrRuO3 (SRO) substrate is investigated systematically by using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) thermodynamic theory and modified constitutive equations. The calculating results clarify the detail relationships between ME coupling response and the residual strain, the volume fraction of constituent phases, the interface coupling coefficients, the magnetic field and the temperature. It also shows that improved ME coupling response can be modulated by these parameters. External magnetic fields (H1) induced ME coupling effect could be enhanced around Curie Temperature (Tc) of ferromagnetic phase and ME voltage coefficient (αE31) approaches a maximum at H1 ∼ 4.5 kOe near Tc. The remarkable variations of ME coupling response can be used to provide useful guidelines on the design of multifunctional devices.
Petrushina, Mariya Yu; Dedova, Elena S; Filatov, Eugeny Yu; Plyusnin, Pavel E; Korenev, Sergei V; Kulkov, Sergei N; Derevyannikova, Elizaveta A; Sharafutdinov, Marat R; Gubanov, Alexander I
2018-03-28
Solid solutions of Zr(Mo,W) 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ∙2H 2 O with a preset ratio of components were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The chemical composition of the solutions was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). For all the samples of ZrMo x W 2-x O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ∙2H 2 O (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0), TGA and in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies (300-1100 K) were conducted. For each case, the boundaries of the transformations were determined: Zr(Mo,W) 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ∙2H 2 O → orthorhombic-ZrMo x W 2-x O 8 (425-525 K), orthorhombic-ZrMo x W 2-x O 8 → cubic-ZrMo x W 2-x O 8 (700-850 K), cubic-ZrMo x W 2-x O 8 → trigonal-ZrMo x W 2-x O 8 (800-1050 K for x > 1) and cubic-ZrMo x W 2-x O 8 → oxides (1000-1075 K for x ≤ 1). The cell parameters of the disordered cubic-ZrMo x W 2-x O 8 (space group Pa-3) were measured within 300-900 K, and the thermal expansion coefficients were calculated: -3.5∙10 -6 - -4.5∙10 -6 K -1 . For the ordered ZrMo 1.8 W 0.2 O 8 (space group P2 1 3), a negative thermal expansion (NTE) coefficient -9.6∙10 -6 K -1 (300-400 K) was calculated. Orthorhombic-ZrW2O 8 is formed upon the decomposition of ZrW 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ∙2H 2 O within 500-800 K.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Palacios, M.
2008-12-01
Full Text Available The use of clay-based product waste as an alternative prime material in Portland cement raw mixes raises the ZnO, ZrO2 and B2O3 content in the clinker. These compounds are found in the enamelled surface of the tile added to the raw mix. The present study explores the effect of adding 0.5 and 2% ZnO, ZrO2 and B2O3 to the raw mix, separately and jointly, on clinkerization and the distribution and morphology of the mineral phases in the clinker. The findings showed that while ZnO and ZrO2 are fixed in the clinker, B2O3 is partially volatized. Zinc oxide acted as a flux, while neither ZrO2 nor B2O3 increased the molten phase. The addition of the oxides to the raw mix changed the content of the main mineral phases in the clinker. Zinc oxide lowered the C3S and C3A contents, ZrO2 reduced the ferritic phase and B2O3 stabilized C2S. New mineral phases, namely 3CaO·ZnO·2Al2O3 and CaZrO3, were identified in the clinkers obtained when 2% ZnO and ZrO2 were added to the raw mix.El empleo de residuos cerámicos como materia prima alternativa en la fabricación del crudo de cemento Portland, aumenta el contenido de ZnO, ZrO2 y B2O3 en el clinker. Estos elementos se encuentran en la capa esmaltada de los residuos cerámicos incorporados al crudo. Por ello el presente trabajo de investigación aborda el estudio del efecto que tiene la adición en el crudo de contenidos del 0,5 y 2% de ZnO, ZrO2 y B2O3 de manera individual y conjunta en los procesos de clinkerización, en la distribución y morfología de las fases mineralógicas del clinker.Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que el ZnO y ZrO2 permanecen fijados en el clinker, sin embargo el B2O3 se volatiliza parcialmente. El ZnO actúa como fundente, mientras que el ZrO2 y el B2O3 no aumentan el contenido de fase fundida. La adición de estos óxidos al crudo modifica el contenido de las principales fases mineralógicas del clinker. El ZnO disminuye los contenidos de C3S y C3A, el ZrO2 disminuye
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Rettenwander, D., E-mail: daniel.rettenwander@sbg.ac.at [Department of Materials Research and Physics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg (Austria); Geiger, C.A. [Department of Materials Research and Physics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg (Austria); Tribus, M.; Tropper, P. [Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Faculty of Geo- and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria); Wagner, R.; Tippelt, G.; Lottermoser, W.; Amthauer, G. [Department of Materials Research and Physics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg (Austria)
2015-10-15
A series of Fe{sup 3+}-bearing Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} (LLZO) garnets was synthesized using solid-state synthesis methods. The synthetic products were characterized compositionally using electron microprobe analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and structurally using X-ray powder diffraction and {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. A maximum of about 0.25 Fe{sup 3+} pfu could be incorporated in Li{sub 7−3x}Fe{sub x}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} garnet solid solutions. At Fe{sup 3+} concentrations lower than about 0.16 pfu, both tetragonal and cubic garnets were obtained in the synthesis experiments. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed only a garnet phase for syntheses with starting materials having intended Fe{sup 3+} contents lower than 0.52 Fe{sup 3+} pfu. Back-scattered electron images made with an electron microprobe also showed no phase other than garnet for these compositions. The lattice parameter, a{sub 0}, for all solid-solution garnets is similar with a value of a{sub 0}≈12.98 Å regardless of the amount of Fe{sup 3+}. {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements indicate the presence of poorly- or nano-crystalline FeLaO{sub 3} in syntheses with Fe{sup 3+} contents greater than 0.16 Fe{sup 3+} pfu. The composition of different phase pure Li{sub 7−3x}Fe{sub x}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} garnets, as determined by electron microprobe (Fe, La, Zr) and ICP-OES (Li) measurements, give Li{sub 6.89}Fe{sub 0.03}La{sub 3.05}Zr{sub 2.01}O{sub 12}, Li{sub 6.66}Fe{sub 0.06}La{sub 3.06}Zr{sub 2.01}O{sub 12}, Li{sub 6.54}Fe{sub 0.12}La{sub 3.01}Zr{sub 1.98}O{sub 12}, and Li{sub 6.19}Fe{sub 0.19}La{sub 3.02}Zr{sub 2.04}O{sub 12}. The {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectrum of cubic Li{sub 6.54}Fe{sub 0.12}La{sub 3.01}Zr{sub 1.98}O{sub 12} garnet indicates that most Fe{sup 3+} occurs at the special crystallographic 24d position, which is the standard tetrahedrally coordinated site in garnet. Fe{sup 3+} in smaller
Growth and Dielectric Properties of Ta-Doped La2Ti2O7 Single Crystals
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hui Wang
2018-02-01
Full Text Available High-quality Ta-doped La2Ti2O7 (Ta-LTO single crystal of about 40 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter was successfully prepared by the optical floating zone method. An X-ray rocking curve reveals that the crystal of LTO has excellent crystalline quality. As-grown crystals were transparent after annealing in air and the transmittance is up to 76% in the visible and near-infrared region. X-ray diffraction showed that this compound possessed a monoclinic structure with P21 space group. The dielectric properties were investigated as functions of temperature (0~300 °C and frequency (102 Hz~105 Hz. Dielectric spectra indicated an increase in the room-temperature dielectric constant accompanied by a drop in the loss tangent as a result of the Ta doping. One relaxation was observed in the spectra of electric modulus, which was ascribed to be related to the oxygen vacancy. The dielectric relaxation with activation energy of 1.16 eV is found to be the polaron hopping caused by the oxygen vacancies.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang Zhiya, E-mail: zhangzhiya@lzu.edu.cn [Department of Materials Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 (China); Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 (China); Wang Yuhua [Department of Materials Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 (China); Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 (China); Zhang Feng [Department of Materials Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 (China); Cao Haining [Computational Science Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791 (Korea, Republic of)
2011-04-14
Research highlights: > Host excitation near the band gap of Y{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} and La{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} is analyzed. > The calculated result well explains Eu{sup 3+} PL behaviors in Y{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} and La{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7}. > The electronic structure and Eu{sup 3+} VUV PL in La{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} are first estimated. - Abstract: The electronic structures and linear optical properties of Y{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} (YSO) and La{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} (LSO) are calculated by LDA method based on the theory of DFT. Both YSO and LSO are direct-gap materials with the direct band gap of 5.89 and 6.06 eV, respectively. The calculated total and partial density of states indicate that in both YSO and LSO the valence band (VB) is mainly constructed from O 2p and the conduction band (CB) is mostly formed from Y 4d or La 5d. Both the calculated VB and CB of YSO exhibit relatively wider dispersion than that of LSO. In addition, the CB of YSO presents more electronic states. Meanwhile, the VB of LSO shows narrower energy distribution with higher electronic states density. The theoretical absorption of YSO shows larger bandwidth and higher intensity than that of LSO. The results are compared with the experimental host excitations and impurity photoluminescence in Eu{sup 3+}-doped YSO and LSO.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
VanOmmen, J.G.; Gellings, P.J.; Ross, J.R.H.
1988-01-01
V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ monolayer catalysts were prepared on ZrO/sub 2/ and ZrO/sub 2/ doped with Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ by two methods. The coverages obtained are only half a monolayer and did not depend on the preparation method or type of support. The selectivity for oxidation of methanol over these V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ catalysts changes from a predominance of formaldehyde to a predominance of methyl formate when the support is doped with Y/sub 2/C/sub 3/, independent of the amount of Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/
Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer analysis of Tm3+-doped BaF2-Ga2O3-GeO2-La2O3 glass.
Yu, Shenglei; Yang, Zhongmin; Xu, Shanhui
2010-05-01
This paper reports on the spectroscopic properties and energy transfer analysis of Tm(3+)-doped BaF(2)-Ga(2)O(3)-GeO(2)-La(2)O(3) glasses with different Tm(2)O(3) doping concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 3.5, 4.0 wt%). Mid-IR fluorescence intensities in the range of 1,300 nm-2,200 nm have been measured when excited under an 808 nm LD for all the samples with the same pump power. Energy level structure and Judd-Ofelt parameters have been calculated based on the absorption spectra of Tm(3+), cross-relaxation rates and multi-phonon relaxation rates have been estimated with different Tm(2)O(3) doping concentrations. The maximum fluorescence intensity at around 1.8 mum has been obtained in Tm(2)O(3)-3 wt% sample and the maximum value of calculated stimulated emission cross-section of Tm(3+) in this sample is about 0.48 x 10(-20) cm(2) at 1,793 nm, and there is not any crystallization peak in the DSC curve of this sample, which indicate the potential utility of Tm(3+)-doped BaF(2)-Ga(2)O(3)-GeO(2)- La(2)O(3) glass for 2.0-microm optical fiber laser.
Fabrication and properties of La{sub 2-x}Gd{sub x}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} transparent ceramics
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Zhengjuan [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Zhou, Guohong, E-mail: sic_zhough@mail.sic.ac.cn [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Zhang, Fang; Qin, Xianpeng [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Ai, Jianping [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Wang, Shiwei, E-mail: swwang51@mail.sic.ac.cn [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China)
2016-01-15
La{sub 2-x}Gd{sub x}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} (x=0–2.0) transparent ceramics were fabricated through vacuum sintering from nano-powders synthesized by a simple combustion method. The phase composition of the powders and final ceramics, the in-line transmittance, microstructures and density of the ceramics were investigated. With the increasing of Gd content, the ceramics maintained the cubic pyrochlore structure, and the lattice parameters decreased, whilst the densities increased linearly. All the ceramics were transparent. The highest in-line transmittance was 76.1% at 800 nm (x=1.2). With high density (7.91–8.88 g/cm{sup 3}) and effective atomic number, some of the La{sub 2-x}Gd{sub x}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} (x=0–2.0) transparent ceramics are promising candidates for scintillator hosts. - Highlights: • A new series of La{sub 2-x}Gd{sub x}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} transparent ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering using combustion-synthesized powders. • All the ceramics are transparent and the in-line transmittance can reach to 76.1% at 800 nm when x=1.2. • The Gd content has effects on the crystal structure, in-line transmittance, microstructures and densities of the ceramics. • With high density (7.91~8.88 g/cm3) and effective atomic number, some of the La2-xGdxHf2O7 transparent ceramics are promising candidates for scintillator hosts.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Butt, Shariqa Hassan; Rafique, M.S.; Siraj, K.; Latif, A.; Afzal, Amina; Awan, M.S.; Bashir, Shazia; Iqbal, Nida
2016-01-01
Ruddlesden-Popper Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 thin films have been synthesized via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The optimization of deposition parameters in PLD enables the formation of thin film of metastable Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 phase from BaZrO 3 target. In order to see the post-annealing effects on the structural and optical properties, the deposited Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 thin films were annealed at 500, 600 and 800 C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the formation of Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 phase with tetragonal structure. The changes in the surface of the deposited films were analysed by FE-SEM and AFM. The thin film post-annealed at 500 C exhibited the best structural, optical and surface properties. Furthermore, the chemical states and chemical composition of the films were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) near the surface. The XPS results show that Ba, Zr and O exist mainly in the form of Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 Ruddlesden-Popper-type perovskite structure. (orig.)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Abreu, Amanda Jordão de
2012-07-01
Nowadays, the methane reforming is large interest industrial for the take advantage of these gas in production the hydrogen and synthesis gas (syngas). Among in the reactions of methane stand of the reactions steam reforming and carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The main catalysts uses in the methane reforming is Ni/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. However, the supported-nickel catalyst is susceptible to the deactivation or the destruction by coke deposition. The carbon dissolves in the nickel crystallite and its diffuses through the nickel, leading for formation of the carbon whiskers, which results in fragmentation of the catalyst. Modification of such catalysts, like incorporation of suitable promoters, is desirable to achieve reduction of the methane hydrogenolysis and/or promotion of the carbon gasification. Catalysts 5%Ni/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} supported on solid solutions formed by ZrO{sub 2}-CeO{sub 2}, La{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CeO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2}-La{sub 2}O{sub 3} were prepared, characterized and evaluated in reactions steam and carbon dioxide reforming and partial oxidation of methane with objective the value effect loading solution solid in support. The supports were prepared by co-precipitation method and catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and calcined at 500 deg C. The supports and catalysts were characterized by Nitrogen Adsorption, method -rays diffraction (XRD), X-rays dispersive spectroscopy (XDS), spectroscopy in the region of the ultraviolet and the visible (UV-vis NIR) to and temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis. After all the catalytic reactions check which the addition of solid solution is beneficial for Ni/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalysts and the best catalysts are Ni/CeO{sub 2}-La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. (author)
Photo- and radio-excited luminescence properties of Eu-doped La2O3–Al2O3 based eutectics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fujimoto, Yutaka; Kamada, Kei; Yanagida, Takayuki; Wakahara, Shingo; Suzuki, Shotaro; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Yoshikawa, Akira
2013-01-01
Eutectic crystal of 0.5% Eu-doped 30LaAlO 3 –70Al 2 O 3 (vol %) was prepared by micro-pulling down (μ-PD) technique under nitrogen atmosphere. Being excited at a wavelength of 320 nm, the crystal exhibited intense emission band with a maximum at 450 nm which is corresponding to 4f 6 5d-4f 7 ( 8 S 7/2 ) transitions of Eu 2+ . The decay time and fluorescence quantum efficiency (QE) were determined to be about 475 ns and 60%, respectively. When alpha-ray excited the crystal, both Eu 2+ 4f 6 5d-4f 7 ( 8 S 7/2 ) and Eu 3+ 4f 6 -4f 6 ( 5 D 0 - 7 F 1,2 ) emission peaks were observed at 435 nm and 600 nm. By the pulse height spectra, the relative scintillation light yield of the crystal was about 4% compared with that of BGO commercial scintillator. -- Highlights: •0.5% Eu-doped 30LaAlO 3 –70Al 2 O 3 eutectic crystal was grown by μ-PD technique. •The crystal showed intense Eu 2+ 5d-4f emission at 450 nm under excited at 320 nm. •The fluorescence quantum efficiency was calculated to be about 60%. •The scintillation light yield was about 4% compared with that of BGO scintillator
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ushakov, Sergey V.; Neuefeind, Joerg C.
2015-01-01
High-temperature time-of-flight neutron diffraction experiments were performed in this paper on cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ, 10 mol% YO 1.5 ) and lanthanum zirconate (LZ) prepared by laser melting. Three spheroids of each composition were aerodynamically levitated and rotated in argon flow and heated with a CO 2 laser. Unit cell, positional and atomic displacement parameters were obtained by Rietveld analysis. Below ~1650°C the mean thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) for YSZ is higher than for LZ (13 ± 1 vs. 10.3 ± 0.6) × 10 -6 /K. From ~1650°C to the onset of melting of LZ at ~2250°C, TEC for YSZ and LZ are similar and within (7 ± 2) × 10 -6 /K. LZ retains the pyrochlore structure up to the melting temperature with Zr coordination becoming closer to perfectly octahedral. Congruently melting LZ is La deficient. The occurrence of thermal disordering of oxygen sublattice (Bredig transition) in defect fluorite structure was deduced from the rise in YSZ TEC to ~25 × 10 -6 /K at 2350°C–2550°C with oxygen displacement parameters (U iso ) reaching 0.1 Å 2 , similar to behavior observed in UO 2 . Acquisition of powder-like high-temperature neutron diffraction data from solid-levitated samples is feasible and possible improvements are outlined. Finally, this methodology should be applicable to a wide range of materials for high-temperature applications.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Olvera T, L.; Azorin N, J.; Barrera S, M.; Soto E, A.M. [UAM-I, 09340 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Rivera M, T. [CICATA-IPN, Legaria 694, 11500 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)
2005-07-01
In this work the results of studying the thermoluminescent properties (TL) of the doped zirconium oxide with europium (ZrO{sub 2}: Eu{sup 3+}) before beta radiations of {sup 90}Sr/ {sup 90}Y are presented. The powders of ZrO{sub 2}: Eu{sup 3+} were obtained by means of the sol-gel technique and they were characterized by means of thermal analysis and by X-ray diffraction. The powders of ZrO{sub 2}: Eu{sup 3+}, previously irradiated with beta particles of {sup 90}Sr/ {sup 90}Y, presented a thermoluminescent curve with two peaks at 204 and 292 C respectively. The TL response of the ZrO{sub 2}: Eu{sup 3+} as function of the absorbed dose was lineal from 2 Gy up to 90 Gy. The fading of the information of the ZrO{sub 2}: Eu{sup 3+} was of 10% the first 2 hours remaining almost constant the information by the following 30 days. The ZrO{sub 2} doped with the (Eu{sup 3+}) ion it was found more sensitive to the beta radiation that the one of zirconium oxide without doping (ZrO{sub 2}) obtained by the same method. Those studied characteristics allow to propose to the doped zirconium oxide with europium like thermoluminescent dosemeter for the detection of the beta radiation. (Author)
Stability of fluorite-type La{sub 2}Ce{sub 2}O{sub 7} under extreme conditions
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, F.X., E-mail: zhangfx@umich.edu [Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004 (China); Tracy, C.L. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Lang, M. [Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966 (United States); Ewing, R.C. [Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)
2016-07-25
The structural stability of fluorite-type La{sub 2}Ce{sub 2}O{sub 7} was studied at pressure up to ∼40 GPa and under hydrothermal conditions of ∼1 GPa and up to 350 °C, respectively, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering measurements. XRD measurements indicated that the fluorite-type La{sub 2}Ce{sub 2}O{sub 7} is not stable at pressures greater than 22.6 GPa and gradually transformed to a high-pressure phase. The high-pressure phase is not stable and changed back to the fluorite-type structure when pressure is released. The La{sub 2}Ce{sub 2}O{sub 7} fluorite is also not stable under hydrothermal conditions and began to react with water at 200–250 °C. Both Raman and XRD results suggest that lanthanum hydroxide La(OH){sub 3} and La{sup 3+}-doped CeO{sub 2} fluorite are the dominant products after hydrothermal treatment. - Graphical abstract: The fluorite-type La{sub 2}Ce{sub 2}O{sub 7} reacted with water at hydrothermal condition (1 GPa, and above 200 °C), and formed rare earth hydroxides. - Highlights: • La{sub 2}Ce{sub 2}O{sub 7} transforms to a metastable phase at pressure higher than 21 GPa. • La{sub 2}Ce{sub 2}O{sub 7} reacts with water at ∼1 GPa and above 200 °C. • The pressure-induced phase transition is reversible.
Thermoluminescence kinetic parameters of different amount La-doped ZnB2O4
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kucuk, Nil; Gozel, Aziz Halit; Yüksel, Mehmet; Dogan, Tamer; Topaksu, Mustafa
2015-01-01
The kinetic parameters of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% La-doped ZnB 2 O 4 phosphors (i.e. ZnB 2 O 4 :0.01La, ZnB 2 O 4 :0.02La, ZnB 2 O 4 :0.03La and ZnB 2 O 4 :0.04La) synthesized by nitric acid method have been calculated. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of ZnB 2 O 4 :La phosphors after beta-irradiation showed a very well defined main peak having the maximum temperature at around 200 °C and a shoulder peak at around 315 °C with a constant heating rate of 5 °C/s. The kinetic parameters of ZnB 2 O 4 :La phosphors TL glow peaks (i.e. order of kinetics (b), activation energies (E a ) and frequency factors (s)) have been determined and evaluated by Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD), and Peak Shape (PS) methods using the glow curve data. From the results, it can conclude that the values of E a obtained with these methods for ZnB 2 O 4 :La phosphors are consistent with each other, but the s values differ considerably. - Highlights: • Calculation of TL kinetic parameters for La-doped ZnB 2 O 4 . • La-doped ZnB 2 O 4 was synthesized by nitric acid method. • Well defined main peak at about 200 °C
Preparation and photoluminescence properties of Tm{sup 3+}-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanotube arrays
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Mingli [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China); Zhao, Jianling, E-mail: hebutzhaoj@126.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China); Xu, Rongqing [Tianjin Zhonghuan Advanced Material & Technology Co., LTD, Tianjin 300384 (China); Fu, Ning [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China); Wang, Xixin, E-mail: xixinwang@126.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China)
2016-07-25
Tm{sup 3+}-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization of a Zr–Tm alloy (3 at.% Tm) obtained by a powder metallurgical method. The morphologies, structures, elemental valence, and photoluminescence properties were characterized by using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and photoluminescence analyser, respectively. Results show that preparing conditions and annealing temperatures have significant effects on the crystalline structure and photoluminescence performance. The sample TmZNT-Org prepared in formamide + glycerol organic solution is mainly monoclinic phase and the sample TmZNT-Aq prepared in aqueous solution is mainly tetragonal phase. The sample TmZNT-Org had the strongest photoluminescence peak when annealed at 800 °C, whereas both TmZNT-Aq samples annealed at 600 °C and 800 °C had the strongest photoluminescence peak. The monoclinic phase was conductive to the emission at 454 nm while the tetragonal phase was conductive to the emission at 460 nm. - Highlights: • Tm{sup 3+}-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization of a Zr-Tm alloy. • Crystal structure had remarkable effects on the photoluminescence properties. • The monoclinic phase was conductive to the emission at 454 nm. • The tetragonal phase was conductive to the emission at 460 nm.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhang, Z.L.; Xiao, H.Y.; Zu, Xiaotao T.; Gao, Fei; Weber, William J.
2009-01-01
A first-principles method has been employed to investigate the structural and energetic properties for A2Ti2O7 (A = Lu, Er, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, La), including the formation energies of the cation antisite-pair, the anion Frenkel pair that defines anion-disorder, and the coupled cation antisite-pair/anion-Frenkel. It is proposed that the interaction may have more significant influence on the radiation resistance behavior of titanate pyrochlores, although the interactions are relatively much stronger than the interactions. It is found that the defect formation energies are not simple functions of the A-site cation radii. The formation energy of the cation antisite-pair increases continuously as the A-site cation varies from Lu to Gd, and then decreases continuously with the variation of the A-site cation from Gd to La, in excellent agreement with the radiation-resistance trend of the titanate pyrochlores. The band gaps in these pyrochlores were also measured, and the band gap widths changed continuously with cation radius.
Densification and mechanical properties of ZrO2-CaAl4O7 composites obtained by reaction sintering
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bruni, Yesica; Aglietti, Esteban
2016-01-01
Composites of the ZrO 2 -CaO-Al 2 O 3 system exhibit high corrosion resistance and high chemical stability, these being suitable properties for enhanced performance as refractories. In this work composites based on ZrO 2 -CaAl 4 O 7 (CA 2 ) were developed by reaction sintering of two pure ZrO 2 powders with different particle size (d 50 = 0.44 μm and d 50 = 8 μm) mixed with high-alumina cement. The effects of CaO to ZrO 2 molar ratio, particle size of ZrO 2 and sintering temperature on densification, c-ZrO 2 formation, microstructure and mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, dynamic Young's modulus and compressive strength) were determined. Porosity and mean pore size of composites reduced with decreasing both particle size of ZrO 2 and CaO content. The highest compression strength of ∝350 MPa and hardness of 6 GPa corresponded to dense ZrO 2 -based composite with 15 vol.% CA 2 sintered at 1400 C.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Greedan, J.E.; Raju, N.P.; Maignan, A.
1996-01-01
The bulk magnetic properties, including de and ac susceptibilities and heat capacity, of the pyrochlore oxides Ho2Mn2O7 and Yb2Mn2O7 are reported and compared with those of the previously studied Y2Mn2O7. In the latter case the magnetic Mn4+ ions occupy the 16c sites in Fd3m which define...... for all three materials are reported for the Q range 10(-2) Angstrom(-1) to 2x10(-1) Angstrom(-1) and the temperature range 6-100 K. Data for the full Q range can be fitted for all three materials to a model consisting of a Lorentzian and a Lorentzian-squared term, i.e., I(Q)=A/(Q(2)+1/xi(1)(2))+B/(Q(2......)+1/xi(2)(2))(2), a cross section commonly found in spin-glass-like materials. A surprising result is that the correlation lengths xi(1) and xi(2) are unequal and in general xi(2)>xi(1). xi(1) remains finite reaching maximum values which range from 10 to 20 Angstrom depending on the compound, while xi(2...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ahemen, I., E-mail: ahemior@gmail.com; Dejene, F. B. [University of the Free State-QwaQwa Campus, Department of Physics (South Africa)
2017-01-15
Nanocrystal rods of Eu{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+}-co-doped ZrO{sub 2} were synthesized using a simple chemical precipitation technique. Both ions were successfully doped into the Zr{sup 4+} ion site in a mixed structure containing both monoclinic and tetragonal phases. The Eu{sup 3+} or Tb{sup 3+} singly doped zirconia produced red and green luminescence which are characteristics of Eu{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+} ions, respectively. The co-doped zirconia samples produced blue emission from defect states transitions in the host ZrO{sub 2}, red and green luminescence from dopant ions giving cool to warm white light emissions. The phosphors were efficiently excited by ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet/blue radiations giving white and red light, respectively. The decay lifetime was found to increase with increasing donor ion concentration contrary to conventional observations reported by previous researchers. Weak quadrupole–quatdrupole multipolar process was responsible for energy transfer from Tb{sup 3+} (donor) ion to Eu{sup 3+} ion. No energy back-transfer from Eu{sup 3+} to Tb{sup 3+} ion was observed from the excitation spectra. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence shows the presence of defects at low temperature, but these defects vanished at room temperature and beyond. The Eu{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+}-co-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanocrystal rod is a potential phosphor for white light application using UV as an excitation source. Thermoluminescence measurements show that the inclusion of Tb{sup 3+} ion increases trap depths in the host zirconia.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhao, Y; Li, X-F; He, D; Andersen, N H; Grivel, J-C; Khoryushin, A; Hansen, J B
2012-01-01
Preparation and characterization of a biaxially textured Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 and Ce 0.9 La 0.1 O 2−y (CLO, cap)/Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 (GZO, barrier) buffer layer stack by the metal–organic deposition route are reported. YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−d (YBCO) superconductor films were deposited by the pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) technique to assess the efficiency of such a novel buffer layer stack. Biaxial texture quality and morphology of the buffer layers and the YBCO superconductor films were fully characterized. The surface crystallinity of the buffer layers is studied by the electron backscatter diffraction technique. It is revealed that post-annealing GZO films in 2% H 2 in Ar is an effective way to improve the surface crystallinity. As a result, a highly textured CLO film can grow directly on the GZO film at a lower crystallization temperature. The critical current density of a YBCO PLD film is higher than 1 MA cm −2 (77 K, in self-field), demonstrating that the novel CLO/GZO stack is very promising for further development of low cost buffer layer architectures for coated conductors.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Oh, Nam Khen [Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 (Korea, Republic of); Vacuum Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jin-Tae [Vacuum Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 (Korea, Republic of); Kang, Goru; An, Jong-Ki; Nam, Minwoo [Vacuum Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, So Yeon [Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 (Korea, Republic of); Park, In-Sung, E-mail: parkis77@hanyang.ac.kr [Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763 (Korea, Republic of); Yun, Ju-Young, E-mail: jyun@kriss.re.kr [Vacuum Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 (Korea, Republic of)
2017-02-01
Highlights: • The La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O aqua solution is introduced as an oxidant in ALD process. • The H{sub 2}O and La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O lead different crystalline properties of ZrO{sub 2} films. • Concentration of La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O solution minimally influences crystalline status. - Abstract: Nanocrystalline ZrO{sub 2} films were synthesized by atomic layer deposition method using CpZr[N(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 3} (Cp = C{sub 5}H{sub 5}) as the metal precursor and La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O solution as the oxygen source. La element in the deposited ZrO{sub 2} films could not be detected as its content was below the resolution limit of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The alternative introduction of La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O solution to conventionally used H{sub 2}O as the oxidant effectively altered the crystalline structure, grain size, and surface roughness of the grown ZrO{sub 2} films. Specifically, the crystalline structure of the ZrO{sub 2} film changed from a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases to monoclinic phase. The average grain size also increased, and the resulting film surface became rougher. The average grain sizes of the ZrO{sub 2} films prepared from La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O solution at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40% were 280, 256, 208, and 200 nm, respectively, whereas that prepared using H{sub 2}O oxidant was 142 nm. However, the concentration of La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O solution minimally influenced the crystalline characteristics of the nanocrystalline ZrO{sub 2} films i.e., the crystalline structure, grain size, and surface roughness except for crystallite size.
White photoluminescence emission from ZrO_2 co-doped with Eu"3"+, Tb"3"+ and Tm"3"+
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lovisa, L.X.; Araújo, V.D.; Tranquilin, R.L.; Longo, E.; Li, M.S.; Paskocimas, C.A.; Bomio, M.R.D.; Motta, F.V.
2016-01-01
The search for high efficiency, reliable, low power consumption and environmental friendly materials for white light-emitting diodes has become a proficient field. Single-phase doped materials have been made to solve some of these challenges. Particles with color-tunable emission can be obtained by a combination of some lanthanide ions in the host material. The luminescence properties and crystalline structure of ZrO_2 particles co-doped with rare earth ions (RE"3"+ = Tb"3"+, Eu"3"+ and Tm"3"+) calcined at different temperatures were studied. We aimed to investigate the emission spectrum of the particles in the red, green, and blue regions under UV excitation. The x and y coordination chromaticity - (x = 0.34, y = 0.34) and (x = 0.31, y = 0.34) - presented values close to those of the white color (x = y = 0.33). In conclusion, the ZrO_2:RE"3"+ powers were successfully obtained by the complex polymerization method and are promising candidates for white light-emitting applications. - Highlights: The ZrO_2:RE materials presented here are promising photoluminescent materials. The CIE coordinates calculated are disposed in the blank region in the CIE diagram. The results for the Raman confirm the response obtained by XRD: stabilization of cubic phase.
Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of CaZrTi2O7 photocatalyst
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chen Shifu; Ji Mingsong; Yuang Yunguang; Liu Wei
2012-01-01
CaZrTi 2 O 7 photocatalyst sample was prepared by a polymerizable complex method. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence emission spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, N 2 adsorption measurements, and terephthalic acid probed fluorescence technique. The photocatalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange and photocatalytic reduction of Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene. The results showed that when the reaction solution was illuminated by UV light for 50 min, the photooxidation efficiency of methyl orange and the photoreduction efficiency of Cr 2 O 7 2− were 83.1% and 87.9%, respectively. When methanol was used as the holes scavengers and the illumination time was 10 h in the photocatalytic reduction experiment of nitrobenzene, the production efficiency of aniline was 70.3%. The effect of the heat treatment conditions on the photocatalytic activity was also investigated. The optimum preparation condition for CaZrTi 2 O 7 sample is 800 °C for 12 h. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity of the sample were also discussed with the valance band theory. - Highlights: ► CaZrTi 2 O 7 photocatalyst was prepared by a polymerizable complex method. ► The heat treatment has a significant influence on the photocatalytic activity. ► The optimal heat treatment condition is approximately 800 °C for 12 h. ► The CaZrTi 2 O 7 has the band bap of about 2.89 eV with particle size of about 80 nm.
Sao, Sanjay Kumar; Brahme, Nameeta; Bisen, D P; Tiwari, Geetanjali
2016-11-01
In this work, we report the preparation, characterization, comparison and luminescence mechanisms of Eu 2 + -doped and Eu 2 + ,Dy 3 + -co-doped Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 (BMSO) phosphors. Prepared phosphors were synthesized via a high temperature solid-state reaction method. All prepared phosphors appeared white. The phase structure, particle size, and elemental analysis were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The luminescence properties of the phosphors were investigated by thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL). The PL excitation and emission spectra of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + showed the peak to be around 381 nm and 490 nm respectively. The PL excitation spectrum of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + Dy 3 + showed the peak to be around 341 nm and 388 nm, and the emission spectrum had a broad band around 488 nm. These emissions originated from the 4f 6 5d 1 to 4f 7 transition of Eu 2 + . TL analysis revealed that the maximum TL intensity was found at 5 mol% of Eu 2 + doping in Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 phosphors after 15 min of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. TL intensity was increased when Dy 3 + ions were co-doped in Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + and maximum TL intensity was observed for 2 mol% of Dy 3 + . TL emission spectra of Ba 1.95 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + and Ba 1.93 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + ,0.02Dy 3 + phosphors were found at 500 nm. TL intensity increased with UV exposure time up to 15 min, then decreased for the higher UV radiation dose for both Eu doping and Eu,Dy co-doping. The trap depths were calculated to be 0.54 eV for Ba 1.95 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + and 0.54 eV and 0.75 eV for Ba 1.93 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + ,0.02Dy 3 + phosphors. It was observed that co-doping with small amounts of Dy 3 + enhanced the thermoluminescence properties of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 phosphor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [Correction added on 5 April 2016, after first online publication: The
Shimada, Hiroyuki; Yamaguchi, Toshiaki; Sumi, Hirofumi; Nomura, Katsuhiro; Yamaguchi, Yuki; Fujishiro, Yoshinobu
2017-02-01
A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for high power density operation was developed with a microstructure-controlled cathode using a nano-composite powder of Sr-doped LaMnO3 (LSM) and Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) synthesized by spray pyrolysis. The individual LSM-YSZ nano-composite particles, formed by crystalline and amorphous nano-size LSM and YSZ particles, showed spherical morphology with uniform particle size. The use of this powder for cathode material led to an extremely fine microstructure, in which all the LSM and YSZ grains (approximately 100-200 nm) were highly dispersed and formed their own network structures. This microstructure was due to the two phase electrode structure control using the powder, namely, nano-order level in each particle and micro-order level between particles. An anode-supported SOFC with the LSM-YSZ cathode using humidified H2 as fuel and ambient air as oxidant exhibited high power densities, such as 1.29 W cm-2 under a voltage of 0.75 V and a maximum power density of 2.65 W cm-2 at 800 °C. Also, the SOFC could be stably operated for 250 h with no degradation, even at a high temperature of 800 °C.
Guo, Yanyan; Li, Ming; Hu, Lili; Zhang, Junjie
2012-01-15
The 2.7 μm emission properties in Er3+-doped bismuthate (Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3-Na2O) glass were investigated in the present Letter. An intense 2.7 μm emission in Er3+-doped bismuthate glass was observed. It is found that Er3+-doped bismuthate glass possesses high spontaneous transition probability A (65.26 s(-1)) and large 2.7 μm emission cross section σ(em) (9.53×10(-21) cm2) corresponding to the stimulated emission of Er3+:4I11/2→4I13/2 transition. The emission characteristic and energy transfer process upon excitation of a conventional 980 nm laser diode in bismuthate glass were analyzed. Additionally, the structure of bismuthate glass was analyzed by the Raman spectrum. The advantageous spectroscopic characteristics of Er3+ single-doped bismuthate glass together with the prominent thermal property indicate that bismuthate glass might become an attractive host for developing solid-state lasers around 2.7 μm.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mergen, A.
2002-12-01
Full Text Available In the Pb-Mg-Nb-O system, excess Mg and excess Nb incorporation into the B-site of PMN pyrochlore were investigated along the compositons of Pb1.83Mg0.29+xNb1.71-xO6.39-1.5x where x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.522 and Pb1.83Mg0.29-xNb1.71+xO6.39+1.5x where x=0.1, 0.2, 0.29 respectively. Excess Mg incorporation led to the formation of perovskite and excess Nb resulted in formation of Pb2Nb2O7 monoclinic pyrochlore. The densities of the PMN pyrochlore-PMN perovskite mixtures decreased with an increase in Mg concentration. The relative permittivity of the mixtures increased with decreasing pyrochlore content. The effect of pyrochlore on the permittivity follows the Weiner’s mixture rule up to a pyrochlore content of 50 vol%.
Se investigó la incorporación en lugares B de pirocloro PMN de un exceso de Mg y un exceso de Nb. En el sistema Pb-Mg-Nb-O2 las composiciones analizadas fueron Pb1.83Mg0.29+xNb1.71-xO6.39-1.5x donde x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.522 y en Pb1.83Mg0.29-xNb1.71+xO6.39+1.5x donde x= 0.1, 0.2,0.29. El exceso de Mg condujo a la formación de perovskita y el exceso de Nb resultó en la formación del pirocloro monolínico, Pb2Nb2O7. La densidad de la mezcla de PMN pirocloro-perovskita dismunuye con el aumento de la concentración de Mg. La permitividad dieléctrica de las mezclas aumenta con la disminución del contenido de pirocloro. El efecto del pirocloro sobre la permitividad sigue la regla de mezclas de Weiner hasta conenidos de pirocloro del 50%.
Al2TiO5-ZrTiO4-ZrO2 composites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Parker, F.J.
1990-01-01
The characterization and properties of ceramic composites containing the phases Al 2 TiO 5 , ZrTiO 4 , and ZrO 2 are described. The low thermal expansions are apparently due to a combination of microcracking by the titanate phases and a contractive phase transformation by the ZrO 2 . The crystal chemistry and microstructure of the product are processing dependent. Although the composites represent a complex microcracking system, the low thermal expansions and high-temperature stability make them potential candidates for commercial application requiring thermal shock resistance
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Karthik, Chinnathambi, E-mail: Karthikchinnathambi@boisestate.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University drive, Boise, ID 83725 (United States); Center for Advanced Energy Studies, 995 University Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 (United States); Anderson, Thomas J. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University drive, Boise, ID 83725 (United States); Gout, Delphine [Oak Ridge National Lab, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Ubic, Rick [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University drive, Boise, ID 83725 (United States); Center for Advanced Energy Studies, 995 University Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 (United States)
2012-10-15
A structural transition in rare earth pyrohafnates, Ln{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} (Ln=Y, La, Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, Yb and Lu), has been identified. Neutron diffraction showed that the structure transforms from well-ordered pyrochloric to fully fluoritic through the lanthanide series from La to Lu with a corresponding increase in the position parameter x of the 48f (Fd3{sup Macron }m) oxygen site from 0.330 to 0.375. As evidenced by the selected area electron diffraction, La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}, Pr{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Nd{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} exhibited a well-ordered pyrocholoric structure with the presence of intense superlattice spots, which became weak and diffuse (in Dy{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Tb{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}) before disappearing completely as the series progressed towards the Lu end. High resolution electron microscopic studies showed the breakdown of the pyrochlore ordering in the form of antiphase domains resulting in diffused smoke-like superlattice spots in the case of Dy{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Tb{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}. - Graphical abstract: Transmission electron microscopic studies showed the ordered pyrochlore to defect fluorite transition in rare-earth pyrohafnates to occur via the formation of anti-phase domains to start with. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pyrochlore to fluorite structural transition in rare earth pyrohafnates. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer La{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}, Pr{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Nd{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} showed well ordered pyrochlore structure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Short range ordering in Dy{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Tb{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Break down of pyrochlore ordering due to antiphase boundaries. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Rest of the series showed fluoritic structure.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chenari, Hossein Mahmoudi; Moafi, Hadi Fallah; Rezaee, Omid, E-mail: mahmoudi_hossein@guilan.ac.ir, E-mail: hmahmodiph@yahoo.com [Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
2016-05-15
In the present study, the pure and La-Zr co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel technique using zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(Ac){sub 2} ·{sub 2}H{sub 2} O), lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} ·6H{sub 2}O) and zirconium chloride (ZrCl{sub 4} ) as precursor. The structure and morphology of the prepared nanoparticle samples were studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements. X-ray diffraction results indicated that all the samples have crystalline wurtzite phase. TEM showed that powder was polycrystalline in nature with random distribution of the pure and La-Zr doped ZnO nanoparticles. We demonstrate strain-size evaluations for pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles from the x-ray line profile analysis. The microstructural effects of crystalline materials in terms of crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening were investigated using Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis and size- strain plot (SSP) method. The average crystallite size of Zn {sub (1-x)}La{sub x} Zr{sub x} O nanoparticles estimated from the W-H analysis and SSP method varied as the doping concentration increased. The incorporation of Zr{sup 4+} ion in the place of Zn{sup {sub 2}{sub +}} caused an increase in the size of nanocrystals as compared to undoped ZnO. The average particle sizes of co-doped ZnO nanoparticles estimated from the USDM model is in good agreement with the TEM results. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Castro, Antonio Carlos de
2007-07-01
The key objective of this work is the crystallographic characterization of the zircon co-doped with Yttria and magnesium with the application of the Rietveld method for quantitative phase analysis of zircon polymorph (zircon monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic). Samples of zircon polymorph were obtained from zircon doped with Yttria and magnesium at defined molar concentrations. The zircon polymorph stability during subeutetoid aging at 1350 deg C were investigated to determine ZrO{sub 2} - MgO - Y{sub 2}0{sub 3} phases degradation and to define the solid solutions stability environment. ZrO{sub 2} powders doped with 8 mol por cent of MgO and 1 mol por cent of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and 9 mol por cent of MgO and 0 mol por cent of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} have been prepared by chemical route using the co-precipitation method. These samples have been calcinate at 550 deg C, sintered at 1500 deg C and characterized by the Rietveld method using the X-ray diffraction data. The variation of the lattice parameter, changes in the phase composition and their microstructures are discussed. The application of the Rietveld method for quantitative phase analysis of zircon polymorph (zircon tetragonal and cubic) reveals no formation of tetragonal phase and indicating that the matrix is the cubic phase with low concentration of monoclinic phase.(author)
Quantitative determination of phases in ZrO2 (MgO) (Y2O3) using the Rietveld method
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Castro, Antonio Carlos de
2007-01-01
The key objective of this work is the crystallographic characterization of the zircon co-doped with Yttria and magnesium with the application of the Rietveld method for quantitative phase analysis of zircon polymorph (zircon monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic). Samples of zircon polymorph were obtained from zircon doped with Yttria and magnesium at defined molar concentrations. The zircon polymorph stability during subeutetoid aging at 1350 deg C were investigated to determine ZrO 2 - MgO - Y 2 0 3 phases degradation and to define the solid solutions stability environment. ZrO 2 powders doped with 8 mol por cent of MgO and 1 mol por cent of Y 2 O 3 , and 9 mol por cent of MgO and 0 mol por cent of Y 2 O 3 have been prepared by chemical route using the co-precipitation method. These samples have been calcinate at 550 deg C, sintered at 1500 deg C and characterized by the Rietveld method using the X-ray diffraction data. The variation of the lattice parameter, changes in the phase composition and their microstructures are discussed. The application of the Rietveld method for quantitative phase analysis of zircon polymorph (zircon tetragonal and cubic) reveals no formation of tetragonal phase and indicating that the matrix is the cubic phase with low concentration of monoclinic phase.(author)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Julián-López, Beatriz; Luz, Verónica de la; Gonell, Francisco; Cordoncillo, Eloisa; López-Haro, Miguel; Calvino, Jose J.; Escribano, Purificación
2012-01-01
Highlights: ► Structural resolution of fluorite vs. pyrochlore in small nanocrystals. ► Simple template-free solvothermal synthesis of Er 2 O 3 –ZrO 2 nanooxides. ► Good control over size, morphology and surface properties (280 m 2 g −1 ). - Abstract: Zirconia-mixed oxides can exhibit cubic fluorite and pyrochlore structure. Their discrimination is not easy in nanooxides with a crystal size close to that of a few unit cells. In this work, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been employed to provide key insights on the structural characterization of a nanometric and porous mixed Er 2 O 3 –ZrO 2 oxide. The material was prepared by a simple template-free solvothermal route that provided nanocrystalline powders at low temperature (170 °C) with spherical morphology, and high surface area (∼280 m 2 g −1 ). The porosity was mainly originated from the assembling of organic complexing agents used in the synthesis to limit the crystal growth and to control hydrolysis and condensation reaction rates. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N 2 adsorption measurements. A detailed study by HRTEM was conducted on microtomed samples. It was observed that the material was made of nanocrystals packed into spherical agglomerates. HRTEM simulations indicated that it is not possible to identify the pyrochlore phase in nanoparticles with diameter below 2 nm. In our samples, the analysis of the HRTEM lattice images by means of fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques revealed well defined spots that can be assigned to different planes of a cubic fluorite-type phase, even in the raw material. Raman spectroscopy was also a powerful technique to elucidate the crystalline phase of the materials with the smallest nanoparticles. HREM and Raman results evidenced that the material is constituted, irrespective of the temperature of the final calcination step, by an ensemble of randomly
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lei, CH; Galstyan, E; Chen, YM; Shi, T; Liu, YH; Khatri, N; Liu, JF; Xiong, XM; Majkic, G; Selvamanickam, V
2013-06-01
Structural analysis of (Gd, Y) Ba2Cu3Ox tapes with Zr addition made by metal organic chemical vapor deposition has been conducted with transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Zr content in the films was varied from 0 to 25% in the precursor. In all Zr-doped films, self-assembled nanocolumnar structures of BaZrO3 (BZO) were observed along the c-axis. The amount of BaZrO3 was found to increase steadily with Zr content. Additionally, planar BZO plates were found on the (001) plane of (Gd, Y) Ba2Cu3Ox film. The size and thickness of BZO plates were seen to increase with Zr doping level. Rare-earth copper oxide phases were observed to begin to emerge in the 20% Zr-doped film. Cross-sectional study of the interface between (Gd, Y)Ba2Cu3Ox and LaMnO3 cap layer revealed a thin discrete BZO layer on the LaMnO3 in the 20% Zr doped film.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Xu, H.; Wang, Y.
1999-01-01
In this letter, a linear free energy relationship is used to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases of pyrochlore and zirconolite families with stoichiometry of MCaTi 2 O 7 (or, CaMTi 2 O 7 ,) from the known thermodynamic properties of aqueous tetravalent cations (M 4+ ). The linear free energy relationship for tetravalent cations is expressed as ΔG f,M v X 0 =a M v X ΔG n,M 4+ 0 +b M v X +β M v X r M 4+ , where the coefficients a M v X , b M v X , and β M v X characterize a particular structural family of M v X, r M 4+ is the ionic radius of M 4+ cation, ΔG f,M v X 0 is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of M v X, and ΔG n,M 4+ 0 is the standard non-solvation energy of cation M 4+ . The coefficients for the structural family of zirconolite with the stoichiometry of M 4+ CaTi 2 O 7 are estimated to be: a M v X =0.5717, b M v X =-4284.67 (kJ/mol), and β M v X =27.2 (kJ/mol nm). The coefficients for the structural family of pyrochlore with the stoichiometry of M 4+ CaTi 2 O 7 are estimated to be: a M v X =0.5717, b M v X =-4174.25 (kJ/mol), and β M v X =13.4 (kJ/mol nm). Using the linear free energy relationship, the Gibbs free energies of formation of various zirconolite and pyrochlore phases are calculated. (orig.)
Room temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped semiconductor ZrS2 single crystals
Muhammad, Zahir; Lv, Haifeng; Wu, Chuanqiang; Habib, Muhammad; Rehman, Zia ur; Khan, Rashid; Chen, Shuangming; Wu, Xiaojun; Song, Li
2018-04-01
Two dimensional (2D) layered magnetic materials have obtained much attention due to their intriguing properties with a potential application in the field of spintronics. Herein, room-temperature ferromagnetism with 0.2 emu g‑1 magnetic moment is realized in Fe-doped ZrS2 single crystals of millimeter size, in comparison with diamagnetic behaviour in ZrS2. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that 5.2wt% Fe-doping ZrS2 crystal exhibit high spin value of g-factor about 3.57 at room temperature also confirmed this evidence, due to the unpaired electrons created by doped Fe atoms. First principle static electronic and magnetic calculations further confirm the increased stability of long range ferromagnetic ordering and enhanced magnetic moment in Fe-doped ZrS2, originating from the Fe spin polarized electron near the Fermi level.
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of Ce doped partially stabilized ZrO2 crystals
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mikhail А. Borik
2017-09-01
Full Text Available ZrO2 (PSZ solid solutions crystals stabilized with yttrium and cerium oxides have been studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR in the X and Q ranges. Zr3+ have been observed centers in the as-annealed ZrO2 crystals stabilized only by yttrium oxide (2.8 mol% Y2O3. Another type of paramagnetic-O-centers appear as a result of CeO2 addition to ZrO2 crystals along with yttrium oxide. To estimate the concentration of Ce3+ ions in PZS crystals, we recorded the EPR spectra in the presence of a reference at 7 K. Paramagnetic Ce3+ ions have been identified and their relative amount in the PSZ crystals before and after high-temperature heat treatment has been assessed. Annealing in air leads decreases the concentration of Ce3+ ions for all the test compositions and changes the color of the crystals from red to white. After annealing of the sample 2.0Y0.8Ce3Zr, the amount of paramagnetic Ce3+ ions decreased approximately twofold. Paramagnetic centers from Ce3+ have not been detected in the specimen with a low cerium content of 0.1 mol% after annealing which indicates the complete transition of Ce3+ to the Ce4+ state. We show that the forming cerium paramagnetic centers are bound by strong exchange interactions. No angular dependence of the EPR lines of the paramagnetic Ce3+ cations on the applied external magnetic field has been observed. Probable origin of the absence of angular dependence is that the impurity rare-earth ions are located close to one another, forming impurity clusters with an effective spin of Seff=1/2.
Optical spectroscopy of Sm(3+) doped Na2O-ZnO-La2O3-TeO2 glasses.
Sobczyk, Marcin
2015-10-05
Telluride glasses with the composition xSm2O3-(7-x)La2O3-3Na2O-25ZnO-65TeO2 (where x=0.1, 1, 2, 5 and 7 mol%) were obtained by the melt quenching technique. Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as fluorescence dynamics of the Sm(3+)-doped title glasses are presented and analysed in detail. A Judd-Ofelt intensity analysis of the absorption spectrum at 300 K has been applied for determination of Ωλ parameters (Ω2=3.10, Ω4=3.80, Ω6=1.61×10(-20) cm(2)) which in turn have been used for calculations of the radiative transition probabilities (AT), the natural (radiative) lifetimes (τR) of the (4)G5/2 level of Sm(3+), the fluorescence branching ratios (β) and the emission cross-sections (σem). The τR value of the (4)G5/2 level amount to 1546 μs and is slightly higher than the measured decay time of 1306 μs. With the increasing of Sm2O3 concentration from 0.1 to 7.0 mol% the experimental lifetime of the fluorescent level decreases from 1306 to 41 μs. An analysis of the non-radiative decay was based on the cross-relaxation mechanisms. The optical achieved results indicate that the investigated glasses are potentially applicable as an orange and/or red laser host. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and cathodoluminescence characterization of ZrO2:Er3+ films
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Martínez-Hernández, A.; Guzmán-Mendoza, J.; Rivera-Montalvo, T.; Sánchez-Guzmán, D.; Guzmán-Olguín, J.C.; García-Hipólito, M.; Falcony, C.
2014-01-01
Trivalent erbium doped zirconium oxide films were deposited by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. Films were deposited using zirconium tetrachloride octahydrate (ZrCl 4 O·8H 2 O) and erbium nitrate hexahydrate ((NO 3 ) 3 Er·6H 2 O) as precursors and deionized water as solvent. The dopant concentrations in the spray solution were 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 at% in ratio to zirconium content. The films were deposited on corning glass substrates at different temperatures from 400 up to 550 °C. Films deposited at temperatures lower than 400 °C were amorphous, however, as substrate temperatures are increased, the ZrO 2 films presented a better crystallinity and showed a tetragonal phase. Cathodoluminescence (CL) emission spectra showed bands centred at 524, 544 and 655 nm associated with the electronic transition of Er 3+ . - Highlights: • The films of ZrO 2 :Er 3+ were obtained by spray pyrolysis. • Emission spectra of ZrO 2 :Er 3+ films were reported. • Cathodoluminescence of ZrO 2 :Er 3+ films was analyzed. • Cathodoluminescence of ZrO 2 :Er 3+ films showed strong dependence on substrate temperature and electron voltage
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Chaohui [Laboratory of Nano Surface Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006 (China); Wang, You, E-mail: wangyou@hit.edu.cn [Laboratory of Nano Surface Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Fan, Shan; You, Yuan [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006 (China); Wang, Liang [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899 (China); Yang, Changlong [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006 (China); Sun, Xiaoguang [National Engineering Research Center for High-speed EMU, CSR Qingdao Sifang Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266111 (China); Li, Xuewei [Laboratory of Nano Surface Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)
2015-11-15
In this paper, an optimized functionally graded coating (OFGC) was successfully fabricated by suspension plasma spraying (SPS) with feedstocks of the suspension of nanoparticles. La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}/8YSZ OFGC with gradual compositional variation along the through-thickness direction is proposed to mitigate spallation and crack formation owing to the high residual stresses caused by frequent thermal cycling for TBCs. The single ceramic layer coatings (SCLC) of LZ and double ceramic layer coatings (DCLC) of LZ/8YSZ were fabricated by SPS as comparison. The phase composition and microstructure of the SCLC, OFGC and DCLC were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Moreover, the thermal cycling tests were carried out to evaluate their thermal shock behavior. Changes in weight and morphology of specimens were analyzed during thermal cycling tests. The results showed that OFGC has extended lifetime compared with SCLC and DCLC. The failure of DCLC with clear interface between different ceramic layers occurred via delamination mode, as a result of crack initiation and propagation generated by thermal mismatch between LZ and 8YSZ. While the failure of OFGC occurred in thermally grown oxide (TGO) layers, indicating that the gradual compositional variation avoided thermal stress concentration in the top ceramic layers. - Highlights: • Optimized functionally graded coatings and double ceramic layer coatings were deposited by suspension plasma spray. • The graded area of OFGC is continuously changed from inner 8YSZ to outer La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (LZ). • The OFGC shows a more extended thermal cycling life than the LZ SCLC and LZ/8YSZ DCLC. • Various failure mechanisms were proposed to explain thermal cycling behavior.
Berger, S.; Contour, J.-P.; Drouet, M.; Durand, O.; Khodan, A.; Michel, D.; Régi, F.-X.
1998-03-01
SrTiO_3 had been often tentatively used as an insulating barrier for HT superconductor/insulator heterostructures. Unfortunately, the deposition of SrTiO_3 on the YBa_2Cu_3O_7 inverse interface results in a poor epitaxial regrowth producing a high roughness dislocated titanate layer. Taking into account the good matching with YBa_2Cu_3O_7 and LaAlO_3, CeO_2 and Ce_{1-x}M_xO_2 (M = La, Zr), epitaxial layers were grown by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO_3 substrates and introduced into YBa_2Cu_3O_7 based heterostructures as insulating barrier. After adjusting the growth parameters from RHEED oscillations, epitaxial growth is achieved, the oxide crystal axes being rotated by 45^circ from those of the substrate. The surface roughness of 250 nm thick films is very low with a rms value lower than 0.5 nm over 1;μ m^2. The YBa_2Cu_3O_7 layers of a YBa_2Cu_3O_7/CeO_2 /YBa_2Cu_3O_7 heterostructures grown using these optimized parameters show an independent resistive transition, when the thickness is larger than 25 nm, respectively at T_c_1 = 89.6;K and T_c_2 = 91.4;{K}. SrTiO3 est souvent utilisé comme barrière isolante dans des hétérostructures SIS de cuprates supraconducteurs, cependant les défauts générés lors de la croissance de ce titanate sur l'interface inverse de YBa2Cu3O7 conduisent à un matériau dont la qualité cristalline et les propriétés physiques sont médiocres. L'oxyde de cérium CeO2 est également une barrière isolante potentielle intéressante pour ces structures SIS basées sur YBa2Cu3O7 car cet oxyde cubique (a = 0,5411 nm, asqrt{2}/2 = 0,3825 nm) qui est peu désaccordé par rapport au plan ab du cuprate (Δ a/a = - 0,18 %, Δ b/a = 1,6 %) présente de plus un coefficient de dilatation thermique (10,6 × 10^{-6 circ}C^{-1}) très voisin de celui de YBa2Cu3O7 (13 × 10^{-6 circ}C^{-1}). Nous avons donc étudié l'épitaxie de CeO2 et des oxydes de type Ce{1-x}MxO2 (M = La, Zr) en ablation laser pulsée afin de définir des conditions de
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tan, K.B., E-mail: tankb@science.upm.edu.m [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Khaw, C.C. [Department of Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Lee, C.K. [Academic Science Malaysia, 902-4 Jalan Tun Ismail, 50480 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Zainal, Z. [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Miles, G.C. [Department of Engineering Materials, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD (United Kingdom)
2010-10-22
Research highlights: {yields} Combined XRD and ND Rietveld structural refinement of pyrochlores. {yields} Structures and solid solution mechanisms of Bi-pyrochlores. {yields} Bi and Zn displaced off-centre to different 96g A-site positions. {yields} Summary of composition-structure-property of Bi-pyrochlores. - Abstract: The crystal structures of two pyrochlore phases have been determined by Rietveld refinement of combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. These are stoichiometric, Bi{sub 1.5} ZnTa{sub 1.5}O{sub 7} and non-stoichiometric Bi{sub 1.56}Zn{sub 0.92}Nb{sub 1.44}O{sub 6.86}. In both structures, Zn is distributed over A- and B-sites; Bi and Zn are displaced off-centre, to different 96g A-site positions; of the three sets of oxygen positions, O(1) are full, O(2) contain vacancies and O(3) contain a small number of oxygen, again in both cases. Comparisons between these structures, those of related Sb analogues and literature reports are made.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shoji, Mao; Munakata, Hirokazu; Kanamura, Kiyoshi
2016-01-01
All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries using Li + -ion conducting ceramic electrolytes have been focused on as attractive future batteries for electric vehicles and renewable energy conversion systems because high safety can be realized due to non-flammability of ceramic electrolytes. In addition, a higher volumetric energy density than that of current lithium-ion batteries is expected since the all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries can be made in bipolar cell configurations. However, the special ideas and techniques based on ceramic processing are required to construct the electrochemical interface for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries since the battery development has been done so far based on liquid electrolyte system over 100 years. As one of the promising approaches to develop practical all-solid-state batteries, we have been focusing on three-dimensionally (3D) structured cell configurations such as an interdigitated combination of 3D pillars of cathode and anode, which can be realized by using solid electrolyte membranes with hole-array structures. The application of such kinds of 3D structures effectively increases the interface between solid electrode and solid electrolyte per unit volume, lowering the internal resistance of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. In this study, Li 6.25 Al 0.25 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZAl), which is a Al-doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZ) with Li + -ion conductivity of ~10 –4 S ⋅cm −1 at room temperature and high stability against lithium-metal, was used as a solid electrolyte, and its pellets with 700 μm depth holes in 700 μm × 700 μm area were fabricated to construct 3D-structured all-solid-state batteries with LiCoO 2 /LLZAl/lithium-metal configuration. It is expected that the LiCoO 2 –LLZAl interface is formed by point-to-point contact even when the LLZAl pellet with 3D hole-array structure is applied. Therefore, Li 3 BO 3 , which is a mechanically soft solid electrolyte with a low melting point at around 700
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mendoza A, D.; Villa S, G.; Gutierrez W, C.; Perez H, R.; Gonzalez M, P. [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)
2008-07-01
This paper presents the results obtained from the analysis of the high temperature thermoluminescence response induced by UV radiation in pure zirconium (ZrO{sub 2}) and doped with Ag nanoparticles and Ag nano fibers. The zirconium samples were obtained by the sol-gel method and irradiated with a UV lamp for different times. The results showed that the presence of the dopants change the characteristics of the traps associated with the high temperature peak which is located at 230 C for pure zirconium, and that the greater influence is due the presence of Ag nano fibers, inducing a shift to lower temperatures. It also presents the thermoluminescence response as a function of irradiation time. (Author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bernay Cifuentes
2015-11-01
Full Text Available CeO2-, ZrO2-, and La2O3-supported Rh-Pt catalysts were tested to assess their ability to catalyze the steam reforming of ethanol (SRE for H2 production. SRE activity tests were performed using EtOH:H2O:N2 (molar ratio 1:3:51 at a gaseous space velocity of 70,600 h−1 between 400 and 700 °C at atmospheric pressure. The SRE stability of the catalysts was tested at 700 °C for 27 h time on stream under the same conditions. RhPt/CeO2, which showed the best performance in the stability test, also produced the highest H2 yield above 600 °C, followed by RhPt/La2O3 and RhPt/ZrO2. The fresh and aged catalysts were characterized by TEM, XPS, and TGA. The higher H2 selectivity of RhPt/CeO2 was ascribed to the formation of small (~5 nm and stable particles probably consistent of Rh-Pt alloys with a Pt surface enrichment. Both metals were oxidized and acted as an almost constant active phase during the stability test owing to strong metal-support interactions, as well as the superior oxygen mobility of the support. The TGA results confirmed the absence of carbonaceous residues in all the aged catalysts.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Colomer, M.T.; Maczka, M.
2011-01-01
Taking advantage of the fact that TiO 2 additions to 8YSZ cause not only the formation of a titania-doped YSZ solid solution but also a titania-doped YTZP solid solution, composite materials based on both solutions were prepared by solid state reaction. In particular, additions of 15 mol% of TiO 2 give rise to composite materials constituted by 0.51 mol fraction titania-doped yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline and 0.49 mol fraction titania-doped yttria stabilized zirconia (0.51TiYTZP/0.49TiYSZ). Furthermore, Y 2 (Ti 1-y Zr y ) 2 O 7 pyrochlore is present as an impurity phase with y close to 1, according to FT-Raman results. Lower and higher additions of titania than that of 15 mol%, i.e., x=0, 5, 10, 20, 25 and 30 mol% were considered to study the evolution of 8YSZ phase as a function of the TiO 2 content. Furthermore, zirconium titanate phase (ZrTiO 4 ) is detected when the titania content is equal or higher than 20 mol% and this phase admits Y 2 O 3 in solid solution according to FE-SEM-EDX. The 0.51TiYTZP/0.49TiYSZ duplex material was selected in this study to establish the mechanism of its electronic conduction under low oxygen partial pressures. In the pO 2 range from 0.21 to 10 -7.5 atm. the conductivity is predominantly ionic and constant over the range and its value is 0.01 S/cm. The ionic plus electronic conductivity is 0.02 S/cm at 1000 o C and 10 -12.3 atm. Furthermore, the onset of electronic conductivity under reducing conditions exhibits a -1/4 pO 2 dependence. Therefore, it is concluded that the n-type electronic conduction in the duplex material can be due to a small polaron-hopping between Ti 3+ and Ti 4+ . -- Graphical abstract: FE-SEM micrograph of a polished and thermal etched surface of a Ti-doped YTZP/Ti-doped YSZ composite material. Display Omitted Research highlights: → Ti-doped YTZP/Ti-doped YSZ composite materials are mixed conductors under low partial pressures. → From 5 mol% of TiO 2 , Y 2 (Ti 1-y ,Zr y ) 2 O 7 pyrochlore is
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tarantini, C. [Florida State University; Jaroszynski, J. [Florida State University; Kametani, F. [Florida State University; Zuev, Yuri L [ORNL; Gurevich, A. [Florida State University; Chen, Y [SuperPower Incorporated, Schenectady, New York; Selvamanickam, V. [SuperPower Incorporated, Schenectady, New York; Larbalestier, D. C. [Florida State University; Christen, David K [ORNL
2011-01-01
The anisotropic irreversibility fieldBIrr of twoYBa2Cu3O7 x thin films dopedwith additional rare earth (RE)= (Gd, Y) and Zr and containing strong correlated pins (splayed BaZrO3 nanorods and RE2O3 anoprecipitates) has been measured over a very broad range up to 45 T at temperatures 56 K < T < Tc. We found that the experimental angular dependence of BIrr ( ) does not follow the mass anisotropy scaling BIrr ( ) = BIrr (0)(cos2 + 2 sin2 ) 1/2, where = (mc/mab)1/2 = 5 6 for the RE-doped Ba2Cu3O7 x (REBCO) crystals, mab and mc are the effective masses along the ab plane and the c-axis, respectively, and is the angle between B and the c-axis. For B parallel to the ab planes and to the c-axis correlated pinning strongly enhances BIrr , while at intermediate angles, BIrr ( ) follows the scaling behavior BIrr ( ) (cos2 + 2 RP sin2 ) 1/2 with the effective anisotropy factor RP 3 significantly smaller than the ass anisotropy would suggest. In spite of the strong effects of c-axis BaZrO3 nanorods, we found even greater enhancements of BIrr for fields along the ab planes than for fields parallel to the c-axis, as well as different temperature dependences of the correlated pinning contributions to BIrr for B//ab and B//c. Our results show that the dense and strong pins, which can now be incorporated into REBCO thin films in a controlled way, exert major and diverse effects on the measured vortex pinning anisotropy and the irreversibility field over wide ranges of B and T . In particular, we show that the relative contribution of correlated pinning to BIrr for B//c increases as the temperature increases due to the suppression of thermal fluctuations of vortices by splayed distribution of BaZrO3 nanorods.
Pasche, Anastasia; Grohe, Bernd; Mittler, Silvia; Charpentier, Paul A.
2017-06-01
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are regarded as one of the most promising solar cells amongst third-generation photovoltaic technologies, particularly due to their low cost, easy preparation, and minor environmental impact compared to earlier-generation devices. However, they have been challenged by thermal energy losses and low cell efficiencies. This work examined the incorporation of zirconium (Zr) into the crystal lattice of titania nanoparticles (nTiO2) for subsequent fabrication into the photo anode of the DSSCs. The results showed that Zr doping of nTiO2 inhibited the anatase-rutile phase transition. Higher calcination temperatures gave increased titania crystallinity, and stabilized the nTiO2 aggregate pore structure and specific surface area, consequently improving the DSSC device performance. A doping concentration of 5 mol % Zr into the nTiO2 demonstrated the best resistance against thermal degradation, achieving an optimized retention of specific surface area. Solar simulation confirmed the results, indicating better heat stability, although lowering the DSSC efficiencies.
Elastic Properties of the Solid Electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Yu, Seungho; Schmidt, Robert D.; Garcia-Mendez, Regina
2016-01-01
The oxide known as LLZO, with nominal composition Li7La3Zr2O12, is a promising solid electrolyte for Li-based batteries due to its high Li ion conductivity and chemical stability with respect to lithium. Solid electrolytes may also enable the use of metallic Li anodes by serving as a physical bar...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, Xin, E-mail: xzhang@my.swjtu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains, Ministry of Education of China, Superconductivity and New Energy Center (SNEC), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Zhao, Yong, E-mail: yzhao@swjtu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains, Ministry of Education of China, Superconductivity and New Energy Center (SNEC), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW (Australia); Xia, Yudong [State Key Lab of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Guo, Chunsheng [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains, Ministry of Education of China, Superconductivity and New Energy Center (SNEC), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Cheng, C.H. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW (Australia); Zhang, Yong [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains, Ministry of Education of China, Superconductivity and New Energy Center (SNEC), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Zhang, Han [Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
2015-06-15
Highlights: • We develops a low-cost and high-efficient technology of fabricating LZO buffer layers. • Sufficient thickness LZO buffer layers have been obtained on NiW (2 0 0) alloy substrate. • Highly biaxially textured YBCO thin film has been deposited on LZO/NiW. - Abstract: La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (LZO) epitaxial films have been deposited on LaAlO{sub 3} (LAO) (1 0 0) single-crystal surface and bi-axially textured NiW (2 0 0) alloy substrate by polymer-assisted chemical solution deposition, and afterwards studied with XRD, SEM and AFM approaches. Highly in-plane and out-of-plane oriented, dense, smooth, crack free and with a sufficient thickness (>240 nm) LZO buffer layers have been obtained on LAO (1 0 0) single-crystal surface; The films deposited on NiW (2 0 0) alloy substrate are also found with high degree in-plane and out-of-plane texturing, good density with pin-hole-free, micro-crack-free nature and a thickness of 300 nm. Highly epitaxial 500 nm thick YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−x} (YBCO) thin film exhibits the self-field critical current density (Jc) reached 1.3 MA/cm{sup 2} at 77 K .These results demonstrate the LZO epi-films obtained with current techniques have potential to be a buffer layer for REBCO coated conductors.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Melo, F.C.L.; Cairo, C.A.C.; Devezas, T.C.; Nono, M.C.A.
1988-01-01
In order to study the mechanical properties of tetragonal polycrystal zirconia stabilized with ceria various powder compositions with different CeO 2 content were made. Modulus of rupture for those compounds was measured. Tetragonal retained phase was determined for samples of CeO 2 -ZrO 2 ceramics with and without superficial mechanical treatment. The experimental results allowed us to evaluate the effects of CeO 2 content and sintering temperature in the mechanical properties and tetragonal transformed phase (t→ m) in ceramics of CeO 2 -ZrO 2 systems. (author) [pt
Wang, Fangfang; Xia, Wei; Mu, Xichuan; Chen, Kun; Si, Huimin; Li, Zhihao
2018-05-01
ZrO2-based catalysts doped with Y were prepared by co-precipitation method. The effect of yttrium modification on the selective conversion of bio-ethanol to propylene over ZrO2 catalysts was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption method, temperature programmed desorption and X-ray diffraction. The maximum yield of propylene reached 44.0% over 0.03Y/ZrO2 catalyst. A coordination of acid-base properties accounts for the remarkable improvement of reaction activities over Y-doped ZrO2 catalysts in this investigation. On the basis of calculation results, it can be concluded that significant charge transfer occurs as a result of introduction of Y or O-vacancy. The adsorption of ethanol and propylene on perfect t-ZrO2 (1 0 1), defect t-ZrO2 (1 0 1) and Y/ZrO2 (1 0 1) surfaces were investigated with density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption for ethanol on Y/ZrO2 (1 0 1) and defect t-ZrO2 (1 0 1) surfaces are more stable than that on perfect t-ZrO2 (1 0 1). On the defect t-ZrO2 (1 0 1) surface, ethanol dominantly absorbs at the O-vacancy site, indicating that O-vacancy becomes the favorable adsorption site. On the Y/ZrO2 (1 0 1) and defect t-ZrO2 (1 0 1) surfaces, the adsorption energy of propylene decreases, which makes propylene desorb quickly after formation.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Julian-Lopez, Beatriz, E-mail: julian@qio.uji.es [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica y Organica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon (Spain); Luz, Veronica de la; Gonell, Francisco; Cordoncillo, Eloisa [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica y Organica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon (Spain); Lopez-Haro, Miguel; Calvino, Jose J. [Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingenieria Metalurgica y Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz (Spain); Escribano, Purificacion [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica y Organica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon (Spain)
2012-04-05
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Structural resolution of fluorite vs. pyrochlore in small nanocrystals. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Simple template-free solvothermal synthesis of Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2} nanooxides. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Good control over size, morphology and surface properties (280 m{sup 2} g{sup -1}). - Abstract: Zirconia-mixed oxides can exhibit cubic fluorite and pyrochlore structure. Their discrimination is not easy in nanooxides with a crystal size close to that of a few unit cells. In this work, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been employed to provide key insights on the structural characterization of a nanometric and porous mixed Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2} oxide. The material was prepared by a simple template-free solvothermal route that provided nanocrystalline powders at low temperature (170 Degree-Sign C) with spherical morphology, and high surface area ({approx}280 m{sup 2} g{sup -1}). The porosity was mainly originated from the assembling of organic complexing agents used in the synthesis to limit the crystal growth and to control hydrolysis and condensation reaction rates. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N{sub 2} adsorption measurements. A detailed study by HRTEM was conducted on microtomed samples. It was observed that the material was made of nanocrystals packed into spherical agglomerates. HRTEM simulations indicated that it is not possible to identify the pyrochlore phase in nanoparticles with diameter below 2 nm. In our samples, the analysis of the HRTEM lattice images by means of fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques revealed well defined spots that can be assigned to different planes of a cubic fluorite-type phase, even in the raw material. Raman spectroscopy was also a powerful technique to elucidate the crystalline phase of the materials with the smallest nanoparticles. HREM and Raman results evidenced
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hu, Ping, E-mail: huping1985@126.com [School of Metallurgy Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055 (China); Zhou, Yuhang; Chang, Tian; Yu, Zhitao; Wang, Kuaishe; Yang, Fan; Hu, Boliang [School of Metallurgy Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055 (China); Cao, Weicheng [Jinduicheng Molybdenum Co., Ltd, Xi’an 710077 (China); Yu, Hailiang [School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500 (Australia)
2017-02-27
Mechanical properties of Titanium-zirconium-molybdenum (TZM) and La{sub 2}O{sub 3} doped TZM alloys under compression were tested at 1000 °C and 1200 °C. Microstructure of TZM and La{sub 2}O{sub 3} doped TZM alloys after compressing was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The effects on La{sub 2}O{sub 3} doping on the high temperature deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the TZM alloy were analyzed. Results show that La{sub 2}O{sub 3} doping can refine the grain size of TZM alloy. La{sub 2}O{sub 3} doping changes fracture model of TZM alloy. TZM alloy exhibits mainly intergranular fracture, while the La{sub 2}O{sub 3} doped TZM alloy exhibits both intergranular and transgranular fracture mode.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Aarnink, W.A.M.; Blank, D.H.A.; Adelerhof, D.J.
1991-01-01
Interdiffusion studies on high-T(c) superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films with thickness in the range of 2000-3000 angstrom, on a Si(111) substrate with a buffer layer have been performed. The buffer layer consists of a 400 angstrom thick epitaxial NiSi2 layer covered with 1200 angstrom...... of polycrystalline ZrO2. YBa2Cu3O7-delta films were prepared using laser ablation. The YBa2Cu3O7-delta films on the Si/NiSi2/ZrO2 substrates are of good quality; their critical temperatures T(c,zero) and T(c,onset) have typical values of 85 and 89 K, respectively. The critical current density j(c) at 77 K equaled 4...... x 10(4) A/cm2. With X-ray analysis (XRD), only c-axis orientation has been observed. The interdiffusion studies, using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) show that the ZrO2 buffer layer prevents severe Si diffusion to the YBa2Cu3O7-delta layer, the Si...
Movilidad de oxígeno en conductores iónicos A2Ti2-yZryO7 (A: Y, Gd
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
León, C.
2004-08-01
Full Text Available We report a study of ionic conductivity in the series Y2Ti2-yZryO7 and Gd2Ti2-yZryO7 (0≤y≤2 obtained by mechanochemical synthesis. We present a study of oxygen ion dynamics in these materials by Impedance Spectroscopy. The change in dc conductivity and activation energy with Zr content is interpreted in terms of the increase in the number of oxygen vacancies and of structural disorder when increasing Zr content.Presentamos un estudio de la conductividad iónica en las series Y2Ti2-yZryO7 y Gd2Ti2-yZryO7 (0≤y≤2 obtenidas por síntesis mecanoquímica. Se presenta un estudio de la dinámica de iones oxígeno en estos materiales mediante la técnica de Espectroscopia de Admitancias. La variación con el contenido en Zr de la conductividad dc y de su energía de activación se interpreta en términos del aumento tanto del número de vacantes de oxígeno como del desorden en la estructura al aumentar el contenido en Zr.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ricote, Sandrine; Bonanos, Nikolaos; Lenrick, Filip
2012-01-01
Symmetric cells (cathode/electrolyte/cathode) were prepared using BaCe0.2Zr0.7Y0.1O3−δ (BCZY27) as proton conducting electrolyte and LaCoO3 (LC) infiltrated into a porous BCZY27 backbone as cathode. Single phased LC was formed after annealing in air at 600 °C for 2 h. Scanning electron micrograph...... that the presence of oxide ion conduction in the cathode material is not necessary for good performance.......Symmetric cells (cathode/electrolyte/cathode) were prepared using BaCe0.2Zr0.7Y0.1O3−δ (BCZY27) as proton conducting electrolyte and LaCoO3 (LC) infiltrated into a porous BCZY27 backbone as cathode. Single phased LC was formed after annealing in air at 600 °C for 2 h. Scanning electron micrographs...... showed the presence of the infiltrated LC in the full cathode depth. Transmission electron micrographs revealed LC grains (60–80 nm) covering partly the BCZY27 grains (200 nm–1 μm). Impedance spectra were recorded at 500 °C and 600 °C, varying the oxygen partial pressure and the water vapour pressure...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mitzi, D.B.; Feffer, P.T.; Newsam, J.M.; Webb, D.J.; Klavins, P.; Jacobson, A.J.; Kapitulnik, A.
1988-01-01
Samples in the quaternary system (La/sub 1-//sub y/Pr/sub y/)(Ba/sub 2-//sub x/La/sub x/)Cu 3 O/sub 7+//sub δ/ have been prepared and characterized using x-ray and neutron diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and transport and magnetic measurements. Pr substitutes on the oxygen-depleted La layers for y>0.0, while La substitutes on the Ba sites for x>0.0. The effect of doping on each site is inferred to be primarily local, affecting immediately adjacent Cu-O layers. The similar suppression of superconductivity that accompanies doping on each of the two distinct sites apparently correlates with the degree of oxidation of the Cu-O sheets (and not the chains), indicating that the sheets support the high temperature superconductivity. Comparison of orthorhombic and tetragonal samples with similar Ba:La ratios (and y = 0) demonstrates that the orthorhombic phase yields the largest Meissner signals and highest transition temperatures in the La(Ba/sub 2-//sub x/La/sub x/)Cu 3 O/sub 7+//sub δ/ system
Wu, Peng; Hu, Ming Yu; Chong, Xiao Yu; Feng, Jing
2018-03-01
Using the solid-state reaction method, the (ZrO2)x-(Dy3TaO7)1-x (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1) ceramics are synthesized in this work. The identification of the crystal structures indicates that the (ZrO2)x-(Dy3TaO7)1-x ceramics belong to the orthorhombic system, and the space group is C2221 in spite of the value of x increasing to 0.1. The thermal conductivities of the (ZrO2)x-(Dy3TaO7)1-x ceramics range from 1.3 W/(m K) to 1.8 W/(m K), and this value is much lower than that of 7-8 YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia). Besides, the (ZrO2)x-(Dy3TaO7)1-x ceramics possess the glass-like thermal conductivity caused by intrinsic oxygen vacancies existing in the lattice of Dy3TaO7. Moreover, the results of thermal expansion rates demonstrate that the (ZrO2)x-(Dy3TaO7)1-x ceramics possess excellent high temperature phase stability, and the thermal expansion coefficients [(9.7-11) × 10-6 K-1] are comparable to that of 7-8 YSZ.
Fracture toughness of MgCr2O4-ZrO2 composities
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Singh, J.P.
1985-01-01
The effect of unstabilized ZrO 2 inclusions on the fracture surface energy of MgCr 2 O 4 was studied as a function of ZrO 2 content. It was observed that fracture surface energy increases with increasing ZrO 2 content, and reaches the maximum value of 24.5 j/m 2 at 16.5 vol% ZrO 2 . This represents an approx. = fourhold increase in the fracture surface energy of Mg 2 O 4 as a result of ZrO 2 inclusions. It is proposed that this improvement results from the energy absorbed by the microcracks formed in the MgCr 2 O 4 matrix as a result of the tetragonal → monoclinic phase transormation of ZrO 2 and the associated volume expansion
Surface modification of sol–gel synthesized TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles induced by La-doping
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Grujić-Brojčin, M., E-mail: myramyra@ipb.ac.rs [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade (Serbia); Armaković, S. [Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad (Serbia); Tomić, N. [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade (Serbia); Abramović, B. [Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad (Serbia); Golubović, A.; Stojadinović, B. [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade (Serbia); Kremenović, A. [Faculty of Mining and Geology, Laboratory for Crystallography, University of Belgrade, Đušina 7, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia); Babić, B. [Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinča”, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade (Serbia); Dohčević-Mitrović, Z.; Šćepanović, M. [Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade (Serbia)
2014-02-15
The influence of La-doping in the range of 0.5–6.0 mol% on structural and morphological properties of TiO{sub 2} nanopowders synthesized by sol–gel routine has been investigated by XRPD, AFM, EDS and BET measurements, as well as Raman spectroscopy. The XRPD and Raman measurements have revealed the anatase phase as dominant in all nanopowders, with crystallite size decreasing from ∼ 15 nm in pure TiO{sub 2} to ∼ 12 nm in La-doped samples. The BET data suggest that all samples are fully mesoporous, with mean pore diameters in the range of ∼ 6–8 nm. The specific surface area and the complexity of pore structure are greater in doped samples than in pure TiO{sub 2} sample. The spectroscopic ellipsometry has apparently shown that the band gap has been gradually increased with the increase of La content. The STM and STS techniques have been used successfully to evaluate the surface morphology and electronic properties of La-doped nanopowders. All investigated properties have been related to photocatalytic activity, tested in degradation of a metoprolol tartrate salt (0.05 mM), and induced by UV-radiation. All doped samples showed increased photocatalytic activity compared to pure TiO{sub 2}, among which the 0.65 mol% La-doped sample appeared to be the most efficient. - Highlights: • Effects of La-doping on structural, morphological and electronic properties of TiO{sub 2} nanopowders. • Surface morphology and electronic properties of La-doped nanopowders evaluated by STM/STS. • Spectroscopic ellipsometry shown gradual increase of bandgap with the increase of La content. • Photocatalytic activity of samples was tested in degradation of MET under UV light.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Guo, Jiaxiu; Shi, Zhonghua; Wu, Dongdong; Yin, Huaqiang; Gong, Maochu; Chen, Yaoqiang
2013-01-01
Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: ► The prepared materials have a face-centered cubic structure and nanosize particles. ►Comparing to CZB, aged CZS has 494 μmol/g of OSC and 30 m 2 /g of surface area. ► CZS and CZB have similar NO sorption and reductive properties and different H 2 uptake. ► T 50 of Pt-Rh/CZS/LA is as low as 199 °C for CO, 228 °C for NO, and 252 °C for C 3 H 8 . ► Pt-Rh/CZS/LA has wider working-window at 320 °C under different λ value. -- Abstract: Ceria-zirconia-strontia (Ce 0.35 Zr 0.55 Sr 0.10 O 1.9 ) and ceria-zirconia-baria (Ce 0.35 Zr 0.55 Ba 0.10 O 1.9 ) were synthesized using an oxidation-co-precipitation method with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as oxidant. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared materials were investigated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area characterization, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and oxygen pulse reaction. The prepared materials were used in preparing three-way catalysts with low Pt and Rh content. Moreover, catalytic activities were evaluated at a fixed bed under a simulated gaseous mixture. The results are as follows: (1) the prepared materials have a face-centered cubic structure and are nano-sized; (2) aged Ce 0.35 Zr 0.55 Sr 0.10 O 1.9 has higher oxygen storage capacity (494 μmol/g), better thermal stability (30 m 2 /g), good low-temperature reducibility, and high hydrogen uptake after TPR-redox cycles; (3) the light-off temperature (T 50 ) of Pt-Rh/CZS/LA can be as low as 199 °C for CO, 228 °C for NO, and 252 °C for C 3 H 8 ; and (4) Pt-Rh/CZS/LA has a fairly wide working-window.
High-pressure effects on the superconductivity of β-pyrochlore oxides AOs2O6
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Muramatsu, Takaki; Takeshita, Nao; Terakura, Chikeko; Takagi, Hidenori; Tokura, Yoshinori; Yonezawa, Shigeki; Muraoka, Yuji; Hiroi, Zenji
2006-01-01
High-pressure effects on the superconducting transitions of β-pyrochlore oxide superconductors AOs 2 O 6 (A=Cs, Rb, K) are studied by measuring resistivity under high pressures up to 16 GPa. The superconducting transition temperature T c first increases with increasing pressure in all the compounds and then exhibits a broad maximum at 7.6 K (6 GPa), 8.2 K (2 GPa) and 10 K (0.6 GPa) for A=Cs, Rb and K, respectively. Finally, the superconductivity is suppressed completely at a critical pressure near 7 and 6 GPa for A=Rb and K and probably above 10 GPa for A=Cs. Characteristic changes in the temperature dependence of resistivity of RbOs 2 O 6 under high pressure. The residual resistivity largely increases with pressure above 4 GPa and, as a result, resistivity indicates small temperature dependence down to 4.2 K at 7 GPa and application of further pressure up to 10 GPa indicates that temperature dependence of resistivity decrease below 100 K. This characteristic behavior in the β-pyrochlore oxides may originate from the nesting of nearly octahedron shape of Fermi surface
Heat capacity measurements on Ybx Gd2–x Zr2 O7 (x= 0, 1, 2 ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science; Volume 32; Issue 6. Heat capacity measurements on YbGd2–Zr2O7 ( = 0, 1, 2) ceramics by differential scanning calorimetry. Zhan-Guo Liu Jia-Hu Ouyang Yu Zhou. Ceramics and Glasses Volume 32 Issue 6 December 2009 pp 603-606 ...
Sangmala, A.; Limsuwan, P.; Kaewwiset, W.; Naemchanthara, K.
2017-09-01
Hydroxyapatite-ZrO2 composite ceramic were synthesized using a thermal precipitation techniques. The chemical precursors were prepared from di-ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate, calcium oxide (CaO) derived from chicken eggshell, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and distilled water. The mixture were heated at the various temperatures from 100 to 700 °C in the furnace with an incremental temperature of 100 °C. The ZrO2 contents in the composite ceramic were varied from 0 to 15 percent weight of CaO. The prepared composites were then annealed at 300, 600 and 700 °C for 4 h in air. The crystal structure, function group and morphology of all samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and universal testing machine (UTM), respectively. The results indicated that the undoped-ZrO2 samples hydroxyapatite phase with a hexagonal structure. However, the hydroxyapatite was transformed to the tri-calcium phosphate after thermal treatment at 700 °C. For the doped-ZrO2 samples, the hydroxyapatite and ZrO2 phases were found. Moreover, the result showed that the compressive strength of hydroxyapatite-ZrO2 composite ceramic increased with increasing the ZrO2 content.
Oxygen storage capacity and structural properties of Ni-doped LaMnO3 perovskites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ran, Rui; Wu, Xiaodong; Weng, Duan; Fan, Jun
2013-01-01
Graphical abstract: Dynamic OSC of (a) fresh and (b) aged LaMn 1−x Ni x O 3 perovskites (0.1 Hz). Aged condition: 1050 °C, 5 h, 7% steam in air. The LaMn 1−x Ni x O 3 perovskites exhibit considerable dynamic OSC in comparison to CeO 2 –ZrO 2 (CZ), even after 1050 °C hydrothermal ageing for 5 h. Highlights: •Ni-doped LaMnO 3 perovskites exhibit very large dynamic OSC and high oxygen storage rate. •Mn 4+ is favourable to the releasable oxygen. •Doping of Ni ions increase the Mn 4+ content and the oxygen vacancies. •Doping of Ni ions reduce the BO 6 distortion in the LaMnO 3 perovskites. -- Abstract: A series of Ni doped LaMnO 3 perovskites were prepared by a sol–gel method as oxygen storage materials. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray adsorption fine structure (XAFS), oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and H 2 -temperature program reduction (TPR) measurements were performed to investigate the OSC of the perovskites as well as the effects of Ni on the structural properties. The results showed that the Ni-doped LaMnO 3 perovskite exhibited very large dynamic OSC and high oxygen release rate, which provided a possibility to serve as an oxygen storage material candidate in three-way catalysts. The available oxygen species below 500 °C primarily originated from the redox reaction between Mn 4+ and Mn 3+ , and the more Mn 4+ were favourable to the releasable oxygen. The doping of appropriate Ni ions promoted the OSC of the LaMnO 3 perovskites by increasing the Mn 4+ content and adjusting the structural defects. On the other hand, the doped Ni ions could make the BO 6 distortion disappearing in the LaMnO 3 perovskites to reduce the lattice oxygen activity
Development of La3+ Doped CeO2 Thick Film Humidity Sensors
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chunjie Wang
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The humidity sensitive characteristics of the sensor fabricated from 10 mol% La2O3 doped CeO2 nanopowders with particle size 17.26 nm synthesized via hydrothermal method were investigated at different frequencies. It was found that the sensor shows high humidity sensitivity, rapid response-recovery characteristics, and narrow hysteresis loop at 100 Hz in the relative humidity range from 11% to 95%. The impedance of the sensor decreases by about five orders of magnitude as relative humidity increases. The maximum humidity hysteresis is about 6% RH, and the response and recovery time is 12 and 13 s, respectively. These results indicate that the nanosized La2O3 doped CeO2 powder has potential application as high-performance humidity sensor.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dong, K.F., E-mail: dongkf1981@163.com; Mo, W.Q.; Jin, F.; Song, J.L.
2017-06-15
Highlights: • The TiN-ZrO{sub 2} consisted of solid solution of Ti(Zr)ON segregated by amorphous ZrO{sub 2}. • With doping ZrO{sub 2} into TiN layer, grain size of FePt films significantly decreased. • By introducing TiN-ZrO{sub 2}/TiN combined layer, the magnetic properties were improved. - Abstract: The microstructures and magnetic properties of FePt based thin films grown on TiN-ZrO{sub 2} and TiN-ZrO{sub 2}/TiN intermediate layers were systematically investigated. The TiN-ZrO{sub 2} intermediate layer was granular consisting of grains of solid solution of Ti(Zr)ON segregated by amorphous ZrO{sub 2}. It was found with doping ZrO{sub 2} into TiN intermediate layer, grain size of FePt-SiO{sub 2}-C films significantly decreased. Simultaneously, the isolation was obviously improved and grain size distribution became more uniform. However, the magnetic properties of the FePt-SiO{sub 2}-C films grown on TiN-ZrO{sub 2} intermediate layers were slowly deteriorated, which was due to the disturbance of the epitaxial growth of FePt by amorphous ZrO{sub 2} in TiN-ZrO{sub 2} intermediate layer. In order to improve the TiN-ZrO{sub 2} (0 0 2) texture and the crystallinity of TiN-ZrO{sub 2}, TiN-ZrO{sub 2}/TiN combined intermediate layer was introduced. And the magnetic properties were improved, simultaneously, achieving the benefit of grain size reduction. For the FePt 4 nm-SiO{sub 2} 40 vol%-C 20 vol% film grown on TiN/TiN-ZrO{sub 2} 30 vol% combined intermediate layer, well isolated FePt (0 0 1) granular films with coercivity higher than 17.6 kOe and an average size as small as 6.5 nm were achieved.
Comment on 'Pressure-induced changes in transport properties of layered La1.2Ca1.8Mn2O7'
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ganguly, R.; Siruguri, V.; Gopalakrishnan, I.K.; Yakhmi, J.V.
2000-01-01
We show that the compound La 1.2 Ca 1.8 Mn 2 O 7 does not form with layered Sr 3 Ti 2 O 7 -type structure as reported by Kamenev et al. [Phys. Rev. B 56, R12 688 (1997)]. Detailed analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction pattern of this compound (synthesized by using the solid-state method) by Rietveld method shows that it forms a multiphase mixture comprising hole-doped perovskite manganates (La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 ) as the majority phases and CaO as the minority phase
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Butt, Shariqa Hassan; Rafique, M.S.; Siraj, K.; Latif, A.; Afzal, Amina [University of Engineering and Technology, Laser and Optronics Centre, Department of Physics, Lahore (Pakistan); Awan, M.S. [Ibn-e-Sina Institute of Science and Technology (ISIT), Islamabad (Pakistan); Bashir, Shazia [Government College University, Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics, Lahore (Pakistan); Iqbal, Nida [Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Medical Devices and Technology Group (MEDITEG), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia)
2016-07-15
Ruddlesden-Popper Ba{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} thin films have been synthesized via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The optimization of deposition parameters in PLD enables the formation of thin film of metastable Ba{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} phase from BaZrO{sub 3} target. In order to see the post-annealing effects on the structural and optical properties, the deposited Ba{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} thin films were annealed at 500, 600 and 800 C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the formation of Ba{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} phase with tetragonal structure. The changes in the surface of the deposited films were analysed by FE-SEM and AFM. The thin film post-annealed at 500 C exhibited the best structural, optical and surface properties. Furthermore, the chemical states and chemical composition of the films were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) near the surface. The XPS results show that Ba, Zr and O exist mainly in the form of Ba{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} Ruddlesden-Popper-type perovskite structure. (orig.)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Andriyevsky, B., E-mail: bohdan.andriyevskyy@tu.koszalin.pl [Faculty of Electronics and Computer Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, 2 Śniadeckich Str., PL-75-453, Koszalin (Poland); Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89069, Ulm (Germany); Doll, K. [Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89069, Ulm (Germany); Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart (Germany); Jacob, T. [Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89069, Ulm (Germany); Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm (Germany)
2017-01-01
Using ab initio density functional theory the thermally-stimulated migration of lithium ions in the garnet-type material Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} is investigated. The methods of ab initio molecular dynamics have been applied to calculate the lithium ion self-diffusion coefficient and the diffusion barriers as function of lithium ion concentration. The concentration of lithium in the initial Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} crystal unit cell is varied from 53 to 59 atoms, where 56 lithium atoms represent the stoichiometric concentration. Almost monotonous dependencies of the main characteristics on the number of lithium atoms N{sup (Li)} have been found, except for a non-monotonous peculiarity of the stoichiometric compound (N{sup (Li)} = 56). Finally, the influence of the unit cell volume change on lithium ion diffusion parameters as well as lithium ion hopping rates has been studied. - Highlights: • Partial lithium atoms subtraction from LLZO increases diffusion coefficient D{sup (Li)}. • Partial subtraction of lithium atoms from LLZO decreases activation energy E{sub a}{sup (Li)}. • Activation energy E{sub a}{sup (Li)} is the smallest for tetrahedral oxygen surrounding. • Compression of LLZO leads to a decrease of lithium ion diffusion coefficient D{sup (Li)}.
Qin, Shiying; Zhu, Xiaohong; Jiang, Yue; Ling, Ming'en; Hu, Zhiwei; Zhu, Jiliang
2018-03-01
A highly self-textured Ga2O3-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO-Ga) solid electrolyte with a nominal composition of Li6.55Ga0.15La3Zr2O12 is obtained by a simple and low-cost solid-state reaction technique, requiring no seed crystals to achieve grain orientation. The as-prepared self-textured LLZO-Ga shows a strong (420) preferred orientation with a high Lotgering factor of 0.91. Coherently, a terrace-shaped microstructure consisting of many parallel layers, indicating a two-dimensional-like growth mode, is clearly observed in the self-textured sample. As a result, the highly self-textured garnet-type lithium-ion conducting solid electrolyte of LLZO-Ga exhibits an extremely high ionic conductivity, reaching a state-of-the-art level of 2.06 × 10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature (25 °C) and thus shedding light on an important strategy for improving the structure and ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes.
Sudrajat, Hanggara; Babel, Sandhya
2016-05-01
N-doped ZnO (N-ZnO) and N-doped ZrO2 (N-ZrO2) are synthesized by novel, simple thermal decomposition methods. The catalysts are evaluated for the degradation of rhodamine 6G (R6G) under visible and UV light. N-ZnO exhibits higher dye degradation under both visible and UV light compared to N-ZrO2 due to possessing higher specific surface area, lower crystalline size, and lower band gap. However, it is less reusable than N-ZrO2 and its photocatalytic activity is also deteriorated at low pH. At the same intensity of 3.5 W/m(2), UVC light is shown to be a better UV source for N-ZnO, while UVA light is more suitable for N-ZrO2. At pH 7 with initial dye concentration of 10 mg/L, catalyst concentration of 1 g/L, and UVC light, 94.3 % of R6G is degraded by N-ZnO within 2 h. Using UVA light under identical experimental conditions, 93.5 % degradation of R6G is obtained by N-ZrO2. Moreover, the type of light source is found to determine the reactive species produced in the R6G degradation by N-ZnO and N-ZrO2. Less oxidative reactive species such as superoxide radical and singlet oxygen play a major role in the degradation of R6G under visible light. On the contrary, highly oxidative hydroxyl radicals are predominant under UVC light. Based on the kinetic study, the adsorption of R6G on the catalyst surface is found to be the controlling step.
Viruthagiri, G; Gopinathan, E; Shanmugam, N; Gobi, R
2014-10-15
In the present study, the fluorite cubic phase of bare and ZrO2-CuO co-doped ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles have been synthesized through a simple chemical precipitation method. X-ray diffraction results revealed that average grain sizes of the samples are within 5-6nm range. The functional groups present in the samples were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study. Surface area measurement was carried out for the ceria nanoparticles to characterize the surface properties of the synthesized samples. The direct optical cutoff wavelength from DRS analysis was blue-shifted evidently with respect to the bulk material and indicated quantum-size confinement effect in the nanocrystallites. PL spectra revealed the strong and sharp UV emission at 401nm. The surface morphology and the element constitution of the pure and doped nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscope fitted with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer arrangement. The thermal decomposition course was followed using thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Qin, W.; Szpunar, J.A., E-mail: weq565@mail.usask.ca, E-mail: jerzy.szpunar@usask.ca [Univ. of Saskatchewan, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Saskatoon, SK (Canada); Kozinski, J., E-mail: janusz.kozinski@lassonde.yorku.ca [York Univ., Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toronto, ON (Canada)
2014-07-01
Oxidation and hydrogen embrittlement are related to formation of cracks and failure of Zr alloys used in nuclear reactor applications. An in-depth understanding of the formation of ZrO{sub 2} film and the hydride precipitation and orientation is important for improving the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys. In this work a theoretical model is developed to analyze the microstructure of ZrO{sub 2} film formed on Zr alloys and the effect of stress that results from ZrO{sub 2} formation on hydride reorientation in the region near oxide/metal interface. Our work shows that the macroscopic stress produced due to Pilling-Bedworth ratio for ZrO{sub 2}/Zr could lead to the hydride re-orientation in the region near ZrO{sub 2}/Zr interface. Whether or not this effect can occur is dependent on the texture of the zirconium alloys. Control of texture of zirconium alloys can affect the microstructure of ZrO{sub 2} film and can be responsible for change of hydride orientation. (author)
Seo, Inseok; Lee, Cheul-Ro; Kim, Jae-Kwang
2017-09-01
To improve the electrochemical properties, fine Zr-doping Li4Ti5O12 anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries with a uniform particle size distribution were synthesized by a modified solid-state reaction using fine Li2CO3 and TiO2 (anatase) powders as precursors with a Li:Ti molar ratio of 4:5. The use of fine Li2CO3 and TiO2 (anatase) powders as precursors prevented the formation of ZrO2 at 0.1 mol Zr-doping. XRD analysis revealed that the substitution of Zr for Ti leads to the increase of lattice parameters, allowing improved Li diffusion. The discharge capacity retention increased slightly with Zr-doping and the 0.1 mol Zr-doped Li4Ti5O12 electrode achieved 99% retention of discharge capacity.
Li, H C; Wang, D G; Meng, X G; Chen, C Z
2014-06-01
A series of ZrO(2) doped MgO-CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5)-CaF(2) bioactive glass-ceramics were obtained by sintering method. The crystallization behavior, phase composition, morphology and structure of glass-ceramics were characterized. The bending strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, micro-hardness and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of glass-ceramics were investigated. The in vitro bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests were used to evaluate the bioactivity and biocompatibility of glass-ceramics. The sedimentation mechanism and growth process of apatites on sample surface were discussed. The results showed that the mainly crystalline phases of glass-ceramics were Ca(5)(PO4)3F (fluorapatite) and β-CaSiO(3). (β-wollastonite). m-ZrO(2) (monoclinic zirconia) declined the crystallization temperatures of glasses. t-ZrO(2) (tetragonal zirconia) increased the crystallization temperature of Ca(5)(PO4)(3)F and declined the crystallization temperature of β-CaSiO(3). t-ZrO(2) greatly increased the fracture toughness, bending strength and micro-hardness of glass-ceramics. The nanometer apatites were induced on the surface of glass-ceramic after soaking 28 days in SBF (simulated body fluid), indicating the glass-ceramic has good bioactivity. The in vitro cytotoxicity test demonstrated the glass-ceramic has no toxicity to cell. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Chlorination of UO2, PuO2, and rare-earth oxides using ZrCl4
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sakamura, Yoshiharu; Inoue, Tadashi; Iwai, Takashi; Moriyama, Hirotake
2001-01-01
A new chlorination method using ZrCl 4 , which has a high reactivity with oxygen, has been investigated for more efficient oxide treatment. After actinide oxides are chlorinated and dissolved in a molten salt bath, actinide metals can be selectively collected using the electrorefining process. This process is well suited for pyrochemical reprocessing of metallic fuels. In LiCl-KCI eutectic melts, rare-earth oxides (Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , and Nd 2 O 3 ) and actinide oxides (UO 2 and PuO 2 ) were chlorinated by adding ZrCl 4 . As a result, rare-earth and actinide elements were dissolved into the salt as trivalent ions and ZrO 2 was precipitated. When an excess of ZrCI 4 was added, oxides in powder form were completely chlorinated in five hours. It was demonstrated that the ZrCI 4 chlorination method, free from corrosive gas such as chlorine, was very simple and useful. (author)
Preparation, characterization, and thermal stability of B2O3-ZrO2
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Theresia Debora Simbolon
2017-04-01
Full Text Available Synthesis of the borate-based compound with ZrOCl2 to form B2O3-ZrO2 has been conducted. The compound was characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, acidity and thermal stability test. The results showed that the FT-IR main vibration spectrum of B2O3-ZrO2 compound has appeared at wave number 401.2 cm-1 for Zr-O bonding vibration, 617.2 cm-1 for B-O-B bonding vibration and 910.4 cm-1 for B-O bonding vibration. The XRD diffraction pattern shows B2O3-ZrO2 compound has an amorphous structure. The FT-IR spectrum after saturated with ammonia and potentiometric titration indicates that the compound of B2O3-ZrO2 has acidic properties with a strong level of acidity. Thermal stability test shows that the B2O3-ZrO2 compounds have high stability on temperature with increasing crystallinity after the compound was heated at 700 °C. Keywords: B2O3-ZrO2, impregnation, thermal stability.
Enthalpy increment measurements of Sr3Zr2O7(s) and Sr4Zr3O10(s)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Banerjee, A.; Dash, S.; Prasad, R.; Venugopal, V.
1998-01-01
Enthalpy increment measurements on Sr 3 Zr 2 O 7 (s) and Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 (s) were carried out using a Calvet micro-calorimeter. The enthalpy increment values were least squares analyzed with the constraints that H 0 (T)-H 0 (298.15 K) at 298.15 K equals to zero and C p 0 (298.15 K) equals to the estimated value. The dependence of enthalpy increment with temperature is given. (orig.)
Preparation and characterization of PbO2–ZrO2 nanocomposite electrodes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yao Yingwu; Zhao Chunmei; Zhu Jin
2012-01-01
PbO 2 –ZrO 2 nanocomposite electrodes were prepared by the anodic codeposition in the lead nitrate plating bath containing ZrO 2 nanoparticles. The influences of the ZrO 2 nanoparticles concentration, current density, temperature and stirring rate of the plating bath on the composition of the nanocomposite electrodes were investigated. The surface morphology and the structure of the nanocomposite electrodes were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The experimental results show that the addition of ZrO 2 nanoparticles in the electrodeposition process of lead dioxide significantly increases the lifetime of nanocomposite electrodes. The PbO 2 –ZrO 2 nanocomposite electrodes have a service life of 141 h which is almost four times longer than that of the pure PbO 2 electrodes. The morphology of PbO 2 –ZrO 2 nanocomposite electrodes is more compact and finer than that of PbO 2 electrodes. The relative surface area of the composite electrodes is approximately 2 times that of the pure PbO 2 electrodes. The structure test shows that the addition of ZrO 2 nanoparticles into the plating bath decreases the grain size of the PbO 2 –ZrO 2 nanocomposite electrodes. The anodic polarization curves show that the oxygen evolution overpotential of PbO 2 –ZrO 2 nanocomposite electrodes is higher than PbO 2 electrodes. The pollutant anodic oxidation experiment show that the PbO 2 –ZrO 2 nanocomposite electrode exhibited the better performance for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol than PbO 2 electrode, the removal ratio of COD reached 96.2%.
Determination of the UO2-ZrO2-BaO equilibrium diagram
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Paschoal, J.O.A.; Kleykanp, H.; Thuemmler, F.
1984-01-01
It is determined the equilibrium diagram of UO 2 - ZrO 2 - BaO to interpret and predict changes in the chemical properties of ceramic (oxide) nuclear fuels during irradiation. The isothermal section of the system at 1700 0 C was determined experimentally, utilizing the techniques of ceramography, X-ray diffraction analysis, microprobe analysis and differential thermal analysis. The solid solubility limits at 1700 0 C between UO 2 and ZrO 2 , UO 2 and BaO, ZrO 2 and BaO, ZrO 2 and BaO and BaUO 3 and BaZrO 3 is presented. The influence of oxygen potential in relation to the different phases is discussed and the phase diagram of the system presented. (M.C.K.) [pt
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Molina P, D. [Centro de Proteccion e Higiene de las Radiaciones, Apdo. Postal 6195, La Habana (Cuba); Olvera T, L.; Azorin N, J.; Barrera S, M.; Soto E, A.M. [UAM-I, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Rivera M, T. [Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Unidad Legaria del IPN, Av. Legaria 694, 11500 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)]. e-mail: daniel@cphr.edu.cu
2006-07-01
In this work the experimental results of studying the thermoluminescent characteristics (TL) of the zirconium oxide doped with copper (ZrO{sub 2}: Cu) exposed to ultraviolet light of wavelength in the interval of 200-400 nm are presented. The material in powder form was prepared using the sol-gel method. The dosimetric characteristics studied includes the emission curve TL (curved TL), the thermoluminescent response in function of the wavelength, the minimum dose detectable and the lineality of the response. The TL response of the ZrO{sub 2}: Cu in function of the wavelength presents two maxima, in 260 and 290 nm, respectively. The TL curve of the ZrO{sub 2}: Cu showed two peaks, in 120 and 170 C, respectively, being its similar form for all the studied wavelengths. The response in function of the spectral irradiance results to be lineal in the interval from 160 to 2300 mJ/cm{sup 2}. The obtained results when studying the TL properties of ZrO{sub 2}: Cu exposed to the ultraviolet radiation show that it gathers dosimetric characteristics prominent to be used as an ultraviolet radiation dosemeter. (Author)
The influence of Ti doping and annealing on Ce_2Ti_2O_7 flash memory devices
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kao, Chyuan Haur; Chen, Su Zhien; Luo, Yang; Chiu, Wang Ting; Chiu, Shih Wei; Chen, I Chien; Lin, Chan-Yu; Chen, Hsiang
2017-01-01
Highlights: • Ce_2Ti_2O_7 flash memories have been fabricated. • Material quality can be improved by annealing. • The memory performance can be enhanced by Ti doping. • Ti doping and annealing can reinforce crystallization. - Abstract: In this research, a CeO_2 film with Ti doping was used as a trapping layer in metal oxide high-K-oxide-Si (MOHOS)-type memory devices. Since incorporation of Ti atoms into the film could fix dangling bonds and defects, the Ce_2Ti_2O_7 trapping layer with annealing treatment could have a larger memory window and a faster programming/erasing speed. To confirm the origin, multiple material analyses indicate that annealing at an appropriate temperature and Ti doping could enhance crystallization. The Ce_2Ti_2O_7-based memory device is promising for future industrial flash memory applications.
Doping-induced quantum crossover in Er2Ti2 -xSnxO7
Shirai, M.; Freitas, R. S.; Lago, J.; Bramwell, S. T.; Ritter, C.; Živković, I.
2017-11-01
We present the results of the investigation of magnetic properties of the Er2Ti2 -xSnxO7 series. For small doping values, the ordering temperature decreases linearly with x , while the moment configuration remains the same as in the x =0 parent compound. Around x =1.7 doping level, we observe a change in the behavior, where the ordering temperature starts to increase and new magnetic Bragg peaks appear. For the first time, we present evidence of a long-range order (LRO) in Er2Sn2O7 (x =2.0 ) below TN=130 mK. It is revealed that the moment configuration corresponds to a Palmer-Chalker type with a value of the magnetic moment significantly renormalized compared to x =0 . We discuss our results in the framework of a possible quantum phase transition occurring close to x =1.7 .
Yan, Yongke; Cho, Kyung-Hoon; Priya, Shashank
2012-01-01
In this letter, we report the electromechanical properties of textured 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O-3-0.25PbZrO(3)-0.35PbTiO(3) (PMN-PZT) composition which has relatively high rhombohedral to tetragonal (R-T) transition temperature (TR-T of 160 degrees C) and Curie temperature (T-C of 234 degrees C) and explore the effect of Mn-doping on this composition. It was found that MnO2-doped textured PMN-PZT ceramics with 5 vol.% BaTiO3 template (T-5BT) exhibited inferior temperature stability. The coupling f...
Shukla, Rakesh; Sayed, Farheen N; Phapale, Suhas; Mishra, Ratikant; Tyagi, Avesh K
2013-07-15
The Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) series was synthesized by the gel combustion method. This system exhibited the presence of a fluorite-type phase, along with a narrow biphasic region, depending upon the Ce/Gd content in the sample. Thermal stability of these new compounds under oxidizing and reducing conditions has been investigated. The products obtained on decomposition of Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 in oxidizing and reducing conditions were found to be entirely different. It was observed that in air the fluorite-type solid solutions of Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 composition undergo phase separation into perovskite GdAlO3 and fluorite-type solid solutions of Gd-Ce-Zr-O or Ce-Zr-Al-O depending upon the extent of Ce and Al substitution. On the other hand, Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 samples on heating under reducing conditions show a phase separation to CeAlO3 perovskite and a defect-fluorite of Gd2Zr2O7. The extent of metastability for a typical composition of Gd(1.2)Ce(0.8)Zr(1.2)Al(0.8)O7 (nano), Gd(1.2)Ce(0.8)Zr(1.2)Al(0.8)O(6.6) (heated under reduced conditions), Gd(1.2)Ce(0.8)Zr(1.2)Al(0.8)O7 (heated in air at 1200 °C) has been experimentally determined employing a high temperature Calvet calorimeter. On the basis of thermodynamic stability data, it could be inferred that the formation of a more stable compound in the presence of two competing cations (i.e., Gd(3+) and Ce(3+)) is guided by the crystallographic stability.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, Zige; Li, Guoxiang; Cui, Zijian; Zhang, Kaiyue; Feng, Yaqing [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Roard 92#, Tianjin 300072 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Roard 92#, Tianjin 300072 (China); Meng, Shuxian, E-mail: msxmail@tju.edu.cn [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Roard 92#, Tianjin 300072 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Roard 92#, Tianjin 300072 (China)
2016-05-15
Facilitated by TiO{sub 2} particles adsorbing lanthanide ions in hydrosol, La-doped TiO{sub 2} was produced by a hydrothermal method. The structure, optical and photoluminescence properties of down-converting photoelectrode with the La{sup 3+} were characterized by X-ray (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) and N{sub 2} adsorption-desorption isotherms measurement. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated with 0.05 g-La/TiO{sub 2} reached 7.02%, which gave an efficiency improved by 10.36% compared with that of cells fabricated from pure TiO{sub 2}. The improvement in efficiency was ascribed to more dyes adsorbed on the surface of TiO{sub 2}. - Graphical abstract: (a) J–V curves of La-doped photoelectrodes with different La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O amounts; (b) the curves of efficiency changing with the amount of La(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated with 0.05 g-La/TiO{sub 2} reached 7.02%, which gave an efficiency improved by 10.36% compared with that of cells fabricated from pure TiO{sub 2}.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Torres-Martinez, Leticia M., E-mail: lettorresg@yahoo.com [Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energia, Facultad de Ingenieria Civil, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66450 (Mexico); Ruiz-Gomez, Miguel A. [Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energia, Facultad de Ingenieria Civil, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66450 (Mexico); Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P. 78290 (Mexico); Figueroa-Torres, M.Z.; Juarez-Ramirez, Isaias [Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energia, Facultad de Ingenieria Civil, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66450 (Mexico); Moctezuma, Edgar [Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P. 78290 (Mexico); and others
2012-04-16
Graphical abstract: The monoclinic (space group C2/c) structure of a new compound, Sm{sub 2}FeTaO{sub 7} shows an alternating Sm-O and Fe/Ta-O layers. In the Fe/Ta-O layer, Fe/Ta1 and Fe/Ta3 cations are coordinated by six oxygen atoms, forming irregular octahedral interconnected into a hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) type network. The HTB layer is a fundamental framework in the pyrohlore-related structure. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pyrochlore-related compound Sm{sub 2}FeTaO{sub 7} prepared by solid state reaction and sol-gel. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sm{sub 2}FeTaO{sub 7} crystallizes with a monoclinic crystal structure and space group C2/c. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The compound is synthesized by sol-gel at lower temperature and time than solid state. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Surface area of sol-gel Sm{sub 2}FeTaO{sub 7} is 10 times higher than that prepared by solid state. - Abstract: This paper reports on the synthesis of a new pyrochlore-related compound Sm{sub 2}FeTaO{sub 7} by both solid state reaction and sol-gel synthesis routes. Structural features were determined by X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement and were corroborated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that Sm{sub 2}FeTaO{sub 7} crystallized in the monoclinic system with space group C2/c and the following cell parameters: a = 13.1307(5) Angstrom-Sign , b = 7.5854(3) Angstrom-Sign , c = 11.6425(4) Angstrom-Sign and {beta} = 100.971(2) Degree-Sign . The monoclinic structure of Sm{sub 2}FeTaO{sub 7} showed an arrangement of alternating Sm-O and Fe/Ta-O layers and two types of irregular octahedra of Fe/Ta-O, which are interconnected into a hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB)-type network. On the other hand, Sm{sub 2}FeTaO{sub 7} prepared by sol-gel was obtained with lower particle sizes than the solid state produced compound. The difference in particle size causes a difference of one order of magnitude in the specific surface area. In
Phan, T. L.; Tho, P. T.; Tran, N.; Kim, D. H.; Lee, B. W.; Yang, D. S.; Thiet, D. V.; Cho, S. L.
2018-01-01
Brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5 has been observed to exhibit many outstanding properties that are applicable to ecotechnology. However, very little work on doped Ca2Fe2O5 compounds has been carried out to widen their application scope. We present herein a detailed study of the crystalline/geometric and electronic structures and magnetic and electrical properties of Ca2- x La x Fe2O5 ( x = 0 to 1) prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the compounds with x = 0 to 0.05 exhibited brownmillerite-type single phase. La doping with higher content ( x ≥ 0.1) stimulated additive formation of Grenier- (LaCa2Fe3O8) and perovskite-type (LaFeO3) phases. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge and electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed presence of Fe3+ in the parent Ca2Fe2O5 ( x = 0) and both Fe3+ and Fe4+ in the doped compounds ( x ≥ 0.05). The Fe4+ content tended to increase with increasing x. This stimulates ferromagnetic exchange interactions between Fe3+ and Fe4+ ions and directly influences the magnetic properties of Ca2- x La x Fe2O5. Electrical resistivity ( ρ) measurements in the temperature range of T = 20 K to 400 K revealed that all the compounds exhibit insulator behavior; the ρ( T) data for x ≥ 0.1 could be described based on the adiabatic small polaron hopping model.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Radhakrishnan, A.N.; Prabhakar Rao, P.; Sibi, K.S.; Deepa, M.; Koshy, Peter
2009-01-01
Order-disorder transformations in a quaternary pyrochlore oxide system, Ca-Y-Zr-Ta-O, were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and FT-NIR Raman spectroscopic techniques. The solid solutions in different ratios, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, of CaTaO 3.5 and YZrO 3.5 were prepared by the conventional high temperature ceramic route. The XRD results and Rietveld analysis revealed that the crystal structure changed from an ordered pyrochlore structure to a disordered defect fluorite structure as the ratios of the solid solutions of CaTaO 3.5 and YZrO 3.5 were changed from 4:1 to 1:4. This structural transformation in the present system is attributed to the lowering of the average cation radius ratio, r A /r B as a result of progressive and simultaneous substitution of larger cation Ca 2+ for Y 3+ at A sites and smaller cation Ta 5+ for Zr 4+ at B sites. Raman spectroscopy and TEM analysis corroborated the XRD results. - Graphical abstract: Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showed highly ordered diffraction maxima with characteristic superlattice weak diffraction spots of the pyrochlore structure for (a) Ca 0.6 7Y 1.33 Zr 1.33 Ta 0.33 O 7 (C2YZT2) and bright diffraction maxima arranged in a ring pattern of the fluorite structure for (b) Ca 0.29 7Y 1.71 Zr 1.71 Ta 0.29 O 7 (CY6Z6T).
Seo, Jeong Gil; Youn, Min Hye; Song, In Kyu
SiO 2-ZrO 2 supports with various zirconium contents are prepared by grafting a zirconium precursor onto the surface of commercial Carbosil silica. Ni(20 wt.%)/SiO 2-ZrO 2 catalysts are then prepared by an impregnation method, and are applied to hydrogen production by steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The effect of SiO 2-ZrO 2 supports on the performance of the Ni(20 wt.%)/SiO 2-ZrO 2 catalysts is investigated. SiO 2-ZrO 2 prepared by a grafting method serves as an efficient support for the nickel catalyst in the steam reforming of LNG. Zirconia enhances the resistance of silica to steam significantly and increases the interaction between nickel and the support, and furthermore, prevents the growth of nickel oxide species during the calcination process through the formation of a ZrO 2-SiO 2 composite structure. The crystalline structures and catalytic activities of the Ni(20 wt.%)/SiO 2-ZrO 2 catalysts are strongly influenced by the amount of zirconium grafted. The conversion of LNG and the yield of hydrogen show volcano-shaped curves with respect to zirconium content. Among the catalysts tested, the Ni(20 wt.%)/SiO 2-ZrO 2 (Zr/Si = 0.54) sample shows the best catalytic performance in terms of both LNG conversion and hydrogen yield. The well-developed and pure tetragonal phase of ZrO 2-SiO 2 (Zr/Si = 0.54) appears to play an important role in the adsorption of steam and subsequent spillover of steam from the support to the active nickel. The small particle size of the metallic nickel in the Ni(20 wt.%)/SiO 2-ZrO 2 (Zr/Si = 0.54) catalyst is also responsible for its high performance.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fukuda, Koichiro; Asaka, Toru; Uchida, Tomohiro
2012-01-01
Four types of powder specimens of La 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 (space group P6 3 /m and Z=1), La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x with 0.06≤x≤0.13 (P6 3 /m and Z=1), La 2 SiO 5 (P2 1 /c and Z=4) and La 2 Si 2 O 7 (P2 1 /c and Z=4) were examined by high-temperature X-ray powder diffractometry to determine the changes in unit-cell dimensions up to 1473 K. The anisotropy of thermal expansion was demonstrated for the former two crystals to clarify the thermal behaviors of the highly c-axis-oriented polycrystals. With La 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 , the linear expansion coefficient of the a-axis (α a ) was 4.8×10 −6 K −1 and that of the c-axis (α c ) was 1.8×10 −6 K −1 in the temperature range from 298 to 1473 K. The α a - and α c -values of La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x (0.06≤x≤0.13) were, respectively, 5.9×10 −6 K −1 and 2.3×10 −6 K −1 . The coefficients of mean linear thermal expansion were 4.9×10 −6 K −1 for La 2 SiO 5 and 6.0×10 −6 K −1 for La 2 Si 2 O 7 , which describe the thermal expansion behaviors of the randomly grain-oriented polycrystalline materials. - Graphical abstarct: Temperature dependence of the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). The linear CTE along the a-axes for La 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 and La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x with 0.06≤x≤0.13. The mean linear CTE for La 2 SiO 5 and La 2 Si 2 O 7 . Highlights: ► We examined the thermal expansion of La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x (x=0 and 0.06≤x≤0.13), La 2 SiO 5 and La 2 Si 2 O 7 ► Unit-cell dimensions were determined up to 1473 K by high-temperature X-ray diffraction ► Anisotropic expansion was clarified for La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x (x=0 and 0.06≤x≤0.13) ► Mean linear thermal expansion was determined for La 2 SiO 5 and La 2 Si 2 O 7.
Microstructural characterization of LaB6-ZrB2 eutectic composites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang Shengchang; Wei, W.J.; Zhang Litong
2003-01-01
Detail microstructure of LaB 6 -ZrB 2 composites has been characterized by TEM and HRTEM. The directionally solidified ZrB 2 fibers in LaB 6 matrix near LaB 6 -ZrB 2 eutectics present at least three growing relationship systems. In addition to previous report of [001]LaB 6 / [0001]ZrB 2 relationship, [0 anti 11]LaB 6 / [0001]ZrB 2 and [1 anti 20]LaB 6 / [0001]ZrB 2 . were identified. Different with [001]LaB 6 / [0001]ZrB 2 system, the interfaces of [0 anti 11]LaB 6 / [0001]ZrB 2 and [1 anti 20]LaB 6 / [0001]ZrB 2 . show non-coherent and clean interfaces. There is neither glassy phase nor reaction products found at the interfaces (orig.)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ortiz, A.L.; Diaz-Parralejo, A.; Borrero-Lopez, O.; Guiberteau, F.
2006-01-01
We investigated the effect of ion nitriding on the crystal structure of 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -doped ZrO 2 (3YSZ) thin-films prepared by the sol-gel method. For this purpose, we used X-ray diffractometry to determine the crystalline phases, the lattice parameters, the crystal sizes, and the lattice microstrains, and glow discharge-optical emission spectroscopy to obtain the depth profiles of the elemental chemical composition. We found that nitrogen atoms substitute oxygen atoms in the 3YSZ crystal, thus leading to the formation of unsaturated-substitutional solid solutions with reduced lattice parameters and Zr 0.94 Y 0.06 O 1.72 N 0.17 stoichiometric formula. We also found that ion nitriding does not affect the grain size, but does generate lattice microstrains due to the increase in point defects in the crystalline lattice
White photoluminescence emission from ZrO{sub 2} co-doped with Eu{sup 3+}, Tb{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+}
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lovisa, L.X., E-mail: lovisaengmat@ig.com.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN (Brazil); Araújo, V.D. [UACSA, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 54510-000, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE (Brazil); Tranquilin, R.L.; Longo, E. [LIEC, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Li, M.S. [Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Paskocimas, C.A.; Bomio, M.R.D.; Motta, F.V. [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN (Brazil)
2016-07-25
The search for high efficiency, reliable, low power consumption and environmental friendly materials for white light-emitting diodes has become a proficient field. Single-phase doped materials have been made to solve some of these challenges. Particles with color-tunable emission can be obtained by a combination of some lanthanide ions in the host material. The luminescence properties and crystalline structure of ZrO{sub 2} particles co-doped with rare earth ions (RE{sup 3+} = Tb{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+}) calcined at different temperatures were studied. We aimed to investigate the emission spectrum of the particles in the red, green, and blue regions under UV excitation. The x and y coordination chromaticity - (x = 0.34, y = 0.34) and (x = 0.31, y = 0.34) - presented values close to those of the white color (x = y = 0.33). In conclusion, the ZrO{sub 2}:RE{sup 3+} powers were successfully obtained by the complex polymerization method and are promising candidates for white light-emitting applications. - Highlights: The ZrO{sub 2}:RE materials presented here are promising photoluminescent materials. The CIE coordinates calculated are disposed in the blank region in the CIE diagram. The results for the Raman confirm the response obtained by XRD: stabilization of cubic phase.
Shen, L.; Greaves, C.; Riyat, R.; Hansen, T. C.; Blackburn, E.
2017-09-01
The consequences of random nonmagnetic-ion dilution for the pyrochlore family Y2(M 1 -xN x)2O7 (M = magnetic ion, N = nonmagnetic ion) have been investigated. As a first step, we experimentally examine the magnetic properties of Y2CrSbO7 (x =0.5 ), in which the magnetic sites (Cr3 +) are percolative. Although the effective Cr-Cr spin exchange is ferromagnetic, as evidenced by a positive Curie-Weiss temperature, ΘCW ≃19.5 K , our high-resolution neutron powder diffraction measurements detect no sign of magnetic long-range order down to 2 K. In order to understand our observations, we construct a lattice model to numerically study the bond disorder introduced by the ionic size mismatch between M and N , which reveals that the bond disorder percolates at xb ≃0.23 , explaining the absence of magnetic long-range order. This model could be applied to a series of frustrated magnets with a pyrochlore sublattice, for example, the spinel compound Zn (Cr1 -xGax )2O4 , wherein a Néel to spin glass phase transition occurs between x =0.2 and 0.25 [Lee et al., Phys. Rev. B 77, 014405 (2008), 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.014405]. Our study stresses the non-negligible role of bond disorder on magnetic frustration, even in ferromagnets.
Al2O3 doped TiO2 ceramic waste forms
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Uno, Masayoshi; Kinoshita, Hajime; Sakai, Etsuro; Ikeda, Akira; Matsumoto, Y.; Yamanaka, Shinsuke
1999-01-01
Melting of the mixture of Nd 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , SrO, TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 at 1673 K for 1 hour produced one RE 2 Ti 3 O 9 phase compound. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurement showed that the melting temperature of this compound was 1646 K. Density of the alumina doped oxide was higher than that of the oxide obtained by the pressing and sintering without alumina. Vickers hardness of the oxide obtained by the pressing and sintering was 5.3 GPa and nearly same as that of glass waste. That of the alumina doped oxide was around 7 GPa. 7 days Soxhlet leach test (MCC-5) followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP) showed that normalized leaching rate of Ti for the oxide obtained by the pressing and sintering was 5.54 x 10 -3 kg/m 2 and that for the alumina doped oxide was 2.24 x 10 -3 kg/m 2 . The value of Sr for the pressed and sintered sample was 0.034 x 10 -3 kg/m 2 but that for alumina doped sample was below the detection limit (0.01 x 10 -3 kg/m 2 ). Al was not detected from the leachate of the alumina doped sample. (author)
Synthesis and photoluminescence study of rare earth activated phosphor Na2La2B2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nagpure, P.A.; Omanwar, S.K.
2012-01-01
The photoluminescence properties in UV and N-UV excitable range for the phosphors of Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : RE (RE=Eu, Tb, Ce, Sm, Gd) are investigated. The solution combustion synthesis technique was employed for the synthesis of the phosphors Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : RE. The photoluminescence measurements of the phosphors were carried out on a HITACHI F7000 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer. The PL and PL excitation (PLE) spectra indicate that the main emission wavelength of Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Eu are 591 and 615 nm, Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Ce shows dominating emission peak at 387 nm and Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Tb displays green emission at 493, 544, 593 and 620 nm at 254 nm excitation, while Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Sm shows the main emission peak wavelengths 566 and 604 nm at 405 nm excitation and Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Gd shows dominating emission peak at 312 nm at 274 nm excitation. These phosphors may provide a new kind of luminescent materials under ultraviolet and near ultraviolet excitation for various applications. - Highlights: ► We use the combustion technique for synthesis of Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : RE phosphor. ► Phosphor Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Eu 3+ shows intense red emission under UV excitation. ► Phosphor Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Tb 3+ shows intense green emission under UV excitation. ► Phosphor Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Sm 3+ shows orange red emission under near UV excitation. ► Phosphors Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Ce 3+ and Na 2 La 2 B 2 O 7 : Gd 3+ show near UV and UVB emissions under UV excitation.
Nano ZrO{sub 2} particles in nanocrystalline Fe–14Cr–1.5Zr alloy powders
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Xu, W.Z.; Li, L.L.; Saber, M.; Koch, C.C.; Zhu, Y.T., E-mail: ytzhu@ncsu.edu; Scattergood, R.O.
2014-09-15
Here we report on the formation of nano ZrO{sub 2} particles in Fe–14Cr–1.5Zr alloy powders synthesized by mechanical alloying. The nano ZrO{sub 2} particles were found uniformly dispersed in the ferritic matrix powders with an average size of about 3.7 nm, which rendered the alloy powders so stable that it retained nanocrystalline structure after annealing at 900 °C for 1 h. The ZrO{sub 2} nanoparticles have a tetragonal crystal structure and the following orientation relationship with the matrix: (0 0 2){sub ZrO2}//(0 0 2){sub Matrix} and [0 1 0]{sub ZrO2}//[1 2 0]{sub Matrix}. The size and dispersion of the ZrO{sub 2} particles are comparable to those of Y–Ti–O enriched oxides reported in irradiation-resistant ODS alloys. This suggests a potential application of the new alloy powders for nuclear energy applications.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Holtappels, P.; Poulsen, F.W.; Mogensen, Mogens Bjerg
2000-01-01
Pyrochlores with praseodymium as the A-site cation and zirconium, tin, cerium and manganese cations on the B-site were prepared in air and their electrical conductivities were investigated as a function of oxygen partial pressure and temperature. Pure Pr2Zr2O7+/-delta as well as samples modified...
Miscibility of amorphous ZrO2-Al2O3 binary alloy
Zhao, C.; Richard, O.; Bender, H.; Caymax, M.; De Gendt, S.; Heyns, M.; Young, E.; Roebben, G.; Van Der Biest, O.; Haukka, S.
2002-04-01
Miscibility is a key factor for maintaining the homogeneity of the amorphous structure in a ZrO2-Al2O3 binary alloy high-k dielectric layer. In the present work, a ZrO2/Al2O3 laminate thin layer has been prepared by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition on a Si (100) wafer. This layer, with artificially induced inhomogeneity (lamination), enables one to study the change in homogeneity of the amorphous phase in the ZrO2/Al2O3 system during annealing. High temperature grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was used to investigate the change in intensity of the constructive interference peak of the x-ray beams which are reflected from the interfaces of ZrO2/Al2O3 laminae. The HT-XRD spectra show that the intensity of the peak decreases with an increase in the anneal temperature, and at 800 °C, the peak disappears. The same samples were annealed by a rapid thermal process (RTP) at temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C for 60 s. Room temperature XRD of the RTP annealed samples shows a similar decrease in peak intensity. Transmission electronic microscope images confirm that the laminate structure is destroyed by RTP anneals and, just below the crystallization onset temperature, a homogeneous amorphous ZrAlxOy phase forms. The results demonstrate that the two artificially separated phases, ZrO2 and Al2O3 laminae, tend to mix into a homogeneous amorphous phase before crystallization. This observation indicates that the thermal stability of ZrO2-Al2O3 amorphous phase is suitable for high-k applications.
Influence of ZrO2 nanoparticles and thermal treatment on the properties of PMMA/ZrO2 hybrid coatings
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Reyes-Acosta, M.A.; Torres-Huerta, A.M.; Domínguez-Crespo, M.A.; Flores-Vela, A.I.; Dorantes-Rosales, H.J.; Ramírez-Meneses, E.
2015-01-01
Highlights: • PMMA/ZrO 2 nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a single screw extruder. • The nanoparticles of m-, t-ZrO 2 were successfully synthesized using sol–gel technique. • The prepared PMMA/ZrO 2 nanocomposites have better UV protection than pure PMMA. • The thermal stability of the PMMA increases with low amount of ZrO 2 nanoparticles. • PMMA/ZrO 2 nanocomposites show superior values of elastic modulus and hardness. - Abstract: In this work, ZrO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method, treated thermally at different temperatures (400, 600 and 800 °C), and added to a polymer matrix in two different weight percentages (0.5 and 1) by single screw extrusion in order to determine the influence of these parameters on the thermal stability and UV radiation resistance of PMMA/ZrO 2 composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nanoindentation techniques were used to evaluate the structural, morphological, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of as-prepared composites. The average crystallite sizes for ZrO 2 sintered at 600 and 800 °C were about 17 and 26 nm, respectively. It was found that the incorporation of a low percentage of ZrO 2 nanoparticles increased the thermal properties of PMMA as well as its hardness and elastic modulus. The degradation temperature at 10 wt.% loss of the PMMA/ZrO 2 (0.5 wt.%, 400 °C) nanocomposite was approximately 48 °C higher than that of pure PMMA. The absorption in the UV region was increased according to the ZrO 2 heat treatment temperature and amount added to the polymer matrix
Structure and Properties of La2O3-TiO2 Nanocomposite Films for Biomedical Applications
Zhang, Lin; Sun, Zhi-Hua; Yu, Feng-Mei; Chen, Hong-Bin
2011-01-01
The hemocompatibility of La2O3-doped TiO2 films with different concentration prepared by radio frequency (RF) sputtering was studied. The microstructures and blood compatibility of TiO2 films were investigated by scan electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-visible optical absorption spectroscopy, respectively. With the increasing of the La2O3 concentrations, the TiO2 films become smooth, and the grain size becomes smaller. Meanwhile, the band gap of the samples increases from 2.85 to 3.3 eV with increasing of the La2O3 content in TiO2 films from 0 to 3.64%. La2O3-doped TiO2 films exhibit n-type semiconductor properties due to the existence of Ti2+ and Ti3+. The mechanism of hemocompatibility of TiO2 film doped with La2O3 was analyzed and discussed. PMID:22162671
High temperature phase transition of Tm2Ti2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shlyakhtina, A.V.; Shcherbakova, L.G.; Knot'ko, A.V.; Larina, L.L.; Borichev, S.A.
2004-01-01
A high temperature phase transition type order-disorder is investigated in Tm 2 Ti 2 O 7 at t>1600 Deg C. It is shown that this transformation is irreversible. Ion conductivity of synthesized at 1670 Deg C nanocrystalline Tm 2 Ti 2 O 7 constitutes 2x10 -3 S/cm at 740 Deg C and remains constant after heat treatment at 860 Deg C for 240 h in the air. It is revealed that the conductivity of specimens (grain size of 20-30 nm) on the basis of Tm 2 Ti 2 O 7 high temperature modification with a structure of disordered pyrochlore is independent of grain size [ru
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Abd El-Lateef, Hany M., E-mail: Hany_shubra@yahoo.co.uk; Khalaf, Mai M., E-mail: Mai_kha1@yahoo.com
2015-10-15
This work reports the achievement of preparing of x% zirconia (ZrO{sub 2})–titania (TiO{sub 2}) composite coatings with different ZrO{sub 2} percent on the carbon steel by dipping substrates in sol–gel solutions. The prepared coated samples were investigated by various surface techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were employed to investigate the corrosion resistance of the coated carbon steel substrates in 1.0 M HCl solution at 50 °C. The data showed that, the corrosion protection property is not always proportional to the percent of ZrO{sub 2}. It can be inferred that there is an optimum percent (10%ZrO{sub 2}) for beneficial effects of loading ZrO{sub 2} on the protection efficiency (98.70%), while higher loading percent of ZrO{sub 2} in the sol–gel coating leads to the formation of a fragile film with poor barrier properties. EDAX/SEM suggests that the metal surface was protected through coating with ZrO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} composite films. - Highlights: • Sol–gel TiO{sub 2} doped with ZrO{sub 2} films deposited on carbon steel substrate • XRD measurements of x wt.% ZrO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} showed the (101) peaks broader than that of TiO{sub 2}. • SEM results proved that, the cracking decreases with the number of layers. • The prepared films can improve the corrosion resistance of the carbon steel substrate. • 10%ZrO{sub 2} loading is the optimal percent for useful effects on the corrosion resistance.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kangvansura, Praewpilin; Schulz, Hans; Suramitr, Anwaraporn; Poo-arporn, Yingyot; Viravathana, Pinsuda; Worayingyong, Attera
2014-01-01
Highlights: • Ru/ZrO 2 , ZrO 2 promoted Co/SiO 2 for FTS were reduced by time resolved XANES. • Reduced catalysts resulted from XANES reduction showed the mixed phases of Co, CoO. • The highest percentages of CoO resulted from the high ZrO 2 promoted Co/SiO 2 . • Product distributions of 1-alkenes, iso-alkanes indicated sites for FTS and the 2° reaction. • Alkene readsorption were high corresponding to the high CoO forming branched alkanes. - Abstract: Co/SiO 2 catalysts were promoted with 4% and 8% ZrO 2 . Small amounts (0.07%) of Ru were impregnated onto 4%ZrO 2 /Co/SiO 2 . Catalysts resulting from time-resolved XANES reduction showed mixed phases of Co and CoO, with the highest percentages of Co resulting from Ru/4%ZrO 2 /Co/SiO 2 and the highest percentages of CoO resulting from 8%ZrO 2 /Co/SiO 2 . Product distributions of n-alkanes, iso-alkanes and alkenes during Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) were used to investigate the catalyst performance of 4%ZrO 2 /Co/SiO 2 8%ZrO 2 /Co/SiO 2 and Ru/4%ZrO 2 /Co/SiO 2 . FTS steady state was studied by growth probabilities of n-alkane products. No 1-alkene was produced from Ru/4%ZrO 2 /Co/SiO 2 , indicating high availability of Fischer–Tropsch sites for long chain hydrocarbon growth, despite high methanation. Branched alkanes produced from the secondary reaction were related to the high CoO percentages on 8%ZrO 2 /Co/SiO 2 . Alkene readsorption sites were high, corresponding to the high CoO percentages, causing a high probability of forming branched alkane products
Electrocatalytic activity of LaNiO3 toward H2O2 reduction reaction: Minimization of oxygen evolution
Amirfakhri, Seyed Javad; Meunier, Jean-Luc; Berk, Dimitrios
2014-12-01
The catalytic activity of LaNiO3 toward H2O2 reduction reaction (HPRR), with a potential application in the cathode side of fuel cells, is studied in alkaline, neutral and acidic solutions by rotating disk electrode. The LaNiO3 particles synthesised by citrate-based sol-gel method have sizes between 30 and 70 nm with an active specific surface area of 1.26 ± 0.05 m2 g-1. LaNiO3 shows high catalytic activity toward HPRR in 0.1 M KOH solution with an exchange current density based on the active surface area (j0A) of (7.4 ± 1) × 10-6 A cm-2 which is noticeably higher than the j0A of N-doped graphene. The analysis of kinetic parameters suggests that the direct reduction of H2O2, H2O2 decomposition, O2 reduction and O2 desorption occur through HPRR on this catalyst. In order to control and minimize oxygen evolution from the electrode surface, the effects of catalyst loading, bulk concentration of H2O2, and using a mixture of LaNiO3 and N-doped graphene are studied. Although the mechanism of HPRR is independent of the aforementioned operating conditions, gas evolution decreases by increasing the catalyst loading, decreasing the bulk concentration of H2O2, and addition of N-doped graphene to LaNiO3.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Selvamanickam, V.; Chen, Y.; Xie, J.; Zhang, Y.; Guevara, A.; Kesgin, I.; Majkic, G.; Martchevsky, M.
2009-01-01
(Gd,Y)Ba 2 Cu 3 O x tapes have been fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with Zr-doping levels of 0-15 mol.% and Ce doping levels of 0-10 mol.% in 0.4 μm thick films. The critical current density (J c ) of Zr-doped samples at 77 K, 1 T applied in the orientation of H -parallel c is found to increase with Zr content and shows a maximum at 7.5% Zr doping. The 7.5% Zr-doped sample exhibits a critical current density (J c ) of 0.95 MA/cm 2 at H -parallel c which is more than 70% higher than the J c of the undoped sample. The peak in J c at H -parallel c is 83% of that at H -parallel a-b in the 7.5% Zr-doped sample which is more than twice as that in the undoped sample. Superconducting transition temperature (T c ) values as high as about 89 K have been achieved in samples even with 15% Zr and 10% Ce. Ce-doped samples with and without Ba compensation are found to exhibit substantially different J c values as well as angular dependence characteristics.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Selvamanickam, V., E-mail: selva@uh.ed [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204-4006 (United States); Chen, Y.; Xie, J. [SuperPower Inc., 450 Duane Ave., Schenectady, NY 12304 (United States); Zhang, Y.; Guevara, A.; Kesgin, I.; Majkic, G. [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204-4006 (United States); Martchevsky, M. [SuperPower Inc., 450 Duane Ave., Schenectady, NY 12304 (United States)
2009-12-01
(Gd,Y)Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} tapes have been fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with Zr-doping levels of 0-15 mol.% and Ce doping levels of 0-10 mol.% in 0.4 mum thick films. The critical current density (J{sub c}) of Zr-doped samples at 77 K, 1 T applied in the orientation of H -parallel c is found to increase with Zr content and shows a maximum at 7.5% Zr doping. The 7.5% Zr-doped sample exhibits a critical current density (J{sub c}) of 0.95 MA/cm{sup 2} at H -parallel c which is more than 70% higher than the J{sub c} of the undoped sample. The peak in J{sub c} at H -parallel c is 83% of that at H -parallel a-b in the 7.5% Zr-doped sample which is more than twice as that in the undoped sample. Superconducting transition temperature (T{sub c}) values as high as about 89 K have been achieved in samples even with 15% Zr and 10% Ce. Ce-doped samples with and without Ba compensation are found to exhibit substantially different J{sub c} values as well as angular dependence characteristics.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Palma-Goyes, R.E.; Vazquez-Arenas, J.; Torres-Palma, R.A.; Ostos, C.; Ferraro, F.; González, I.
2015-01-01
Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA) of Sb 2 O 5 -doped Ti/RuO 2 -ZrO 2 are prepared by the Pechini method to perform the degradation of indigo carmine (IC) under conditions similar to textile wastewater effluents. XRD results along with Rietveld refinement reveal that the co-deposited phases on the DSA exhibit a tetragonal crystal structure (P4/mmm) for RuO 2 and monoclinic structure (P2/m) for ZrO 2 . Degradation tests conducted in solutions containing 0.64 mM IC and 0.05 M NaCl using a filter-press reactor (FM01-LC) show that the degradation rate is faster and more efficient at 200 A m −2 with a flow rate of 5 L min −1 , although the energy consumption is moderately higher. Under this condition, the pollutant is efficiently removed, and converted to aliphatic acid compounds of low molecular weight, as indicated by 90 % Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 22 % Total Organic Carbon (TOC) elimination, along with an Average Oxidation State (AOS) value equal to 3.0. The energy consumptions revealed that it is feasible to carry out the IC degradation under reasonable operating costs. Topological and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses are computed using density functional theory (DFT), and combined with experimental results to propose a reaction pathway for IC abatement
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, Han [Jiangsu Lab of Advanced Functional Material, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500 (China); School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Liu, Yang [School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Wang, Ting; Yang, Yang [Jiangsu Lab of Advanced Functional Material, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500 (China); Shi, Shaojun [School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Yang, Gang, E-mail: gyang@cslg.edu.cn [Jiangsu Lab of Advanced Functional Material, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500 (China); School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China)
2016-04-15
Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Zr doped and Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} are prepared by a solid-state method. • Zr-doping and LZO coating are positive in improving lithium diffusion ability. • Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} deliver 168.1 mAh g{sup −1} higher than 150.2 mAh g{sup −1} of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. • Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} remains 162 mAh g{sup −1} after 100 cycles. • The lowest D{sub Li}{sup +} is 5.97 × 10{sup −17} and 1.85 × 10{sup −15} cm{sup 2} s{sup −1} of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} before and after coating. - Abstract: Zr doped sample of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 4.99}Zr{sub 0.01}O{sub 12} (LZTO) and Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} (LZO) coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} (LTO) are prepared by a solid-state method. The lattice structure of LTO is remained after doping element of Zr and coating layer of LZO. The crystal structure and electrochemical performance of the material are investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and charge-discharge tests, respectively. Zr-doping and LZO coating play the positive role in improving the diffusion ability of lithium cations. LZTO and LZO-LTO show much improved specific capacity and rate capability compared with pristine sample of LTO. LZO-LTO has the smallest voltage differential (ΔV) of the redox peaks because the coating of Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} is helpful for the diffusion ability of lithium ions during charge/discharge processes. LZTO and LZO-LTO as electrode deliver the initial capacities of 164.8, 168.1 mAh g{sup −1}, respectively, which are much higher than 150.2 mAh g{sup −1} of intrinsic sample of LTO. Even at the current density of 2 A g{sup −1}, LTZO and LZO-LTO offer capacity of 96 and 106 mAh g{sup −1}, which are much higher than 33 mAh g{sup −1} of LTO
Synthesis and mechanical properties of stabilized zirconia ceramics: MgO-ZrO_2 and Y_2O_3-MgO- ZrO_2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yamagata, C.; Mello-Castanho, S.R.H.; Paschoal, J.O.A.
2014-01-01
Precursor MgO-ZrO_2 and Y_2O_3-MgO-ZrO_2 ceramic powders were synthesized by the method of co-precipitation and characterized by techniques such as laser diffraction, QELS (Quasi Elastic Light Scattering), XRD, BET, and SEM. Nanoscale powders with specific surface area higher than 60 m"2. g"-"1 was achieved. Sintered ceramic obtained from the synthesized powders, were characterized to mechanical tests using Vickers indentation technique. The addition of Y_2O_3 promoted an increase in hardness of the ceramics and total cubic crystalline phase stabilization. (author)
Phase formation in the systems ZrO2-H2SO4-Na2SO4 (NaCl)-H2O
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sozinova, Yu.P.; Motov, D.L.; Rys'kina, M.P.
1988-01-01
Formation of solid phases in the systems ZrO 2 - H 2 SO 4 - Na 2 SO 4 (NaCl) - H 2 O at 25 and 75 deg C is studied. Three basic Na 2 Zr(OH) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 x (0.2 - 0.4)H 2 O, NaZrOH(SO 4 ) 2 x H 2 O, NaZrO 0.5 (OH) 2 SO 4 x 2H 2 O and three normal sodium sulfatozirconates Na 2 Zr(SO 4 ) 3 x 3H 2 O, Na 4 Zr(SO 4 ) 4 x 3H 2 O, Na 6 Zr(SO 4 ) 5 x 4H 2 O have been isolated, their solubility and crystal optical properties are determined
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Villa-Sanchez, G; Mendoza-Anaya, D; Gutierrez-Wing, C; Perez-Hernandez, R; Gonzalez-MartInez, P R; Angeles-Chavez, C
2007-01-01
The goal of this work was to analyse ZrO 2 in the pure state and when doped with Ag nanoparticles, by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and thermoluminescence methods. According to the results obtained, Ag nanoparticles did not modify the morphology or the crystalline structure of the ZrO 2 . The thermoluminescent (TL) response of pure ZrO 2 showed two peaks, one at 334 K and the other at 417 K, when it was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and at 342 and 397 K when gamma radiation was used. For ZrO 2 impregnated with Ag nanoparticles a diminished TL intensity due to nanoparticle shielding was observed, but the glow curve shape was similar. However, when Ag nanoparticles were added during the ZrO 2 synthesis, a shift of the TL peaks towards higher temperature values with reference to pure ZrO 2 was observed. A linear dependence of the integrated TL signal as a function of the irradiation dose was observed in all analysed samples. It was possible to determine some kinetic parameters, such as activation energy, kinetic order and frequency factor, using the sequential quadratic programming glow curve deconvolution; it was found that these values are highly dependent on the type of radiation used. Ag nanoparticles present in ZrO 2 also modified the kinetic parameters, mainly when they were added during the synthesis of ZrO 2 . Our results reinforce the possibilities of using pure and doped ZrO 2 as an appropriate dosimetric material in radiation physics
Dielectric enhancement of PbZr{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 0.7}O{sub 3}/LaNiO{sub 3} multilayer thick film
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Fan, Yasong; Chen, Xiaoyang; Habibul, Arzigul; Zhang, Danyang; Yu, Ping [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 (China)
2016-08-15
Multilayer thick films (∝4 μm) with compositional PbZr{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 0.7}O{sub 3}/LaNiO{sub 3} layers and one-layer PZT thick films were prepared on the silicon substrate by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. PbZr{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 0.7}O{sub 3}/LaNiO{sub 3} multilayer thick film are characterized by highly preferential (100)-oriented growth and columnar microstructure due to alternately introducing LaNiO{sub 3} seeding layers. The effects of LaNiO{sub 3} layers on microstructure and electrical properties of PbZr{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 0.7}O{sub 3} thick films were investigated in detail. The results show that both PZT and PbZr{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 0.7}O{sub 3}/LaNiO{sub 3} multilayer thick film were pure perovskite crystalline phase. The PbZr{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 0.7}O{sub 3} film texture was dense and well adhered on the LaNiO{sub 3} layer. PbZr{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 0.7}O{sub 3}/LaNiO{sub 3} multilayer thick film possessed obvious enhanced dielectric properties compared with PZT thick film: ε{sub r} ∝2450 (10 kHz) and tanδ ∝0.02 (10 kHz). Rayleigh law was used to analysis the behavior of the enhanced dielectric properties and the pinched-shaped polarization-electric field hysteresis loops. The larger Rayleigh parameter, α ∝51.1408 cm kV{sup -1} (1 kHz) indicates the larger extrinsic contribution to permittivity and strong domain-wall-defect charge interaction. The leakage current behaviors of the multilayer thick film were also investigated in detail. (copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mao, Yifu; Ma, Mo; Gong, Lunjun; Xu, Changfu; Ren, Guozhong; Yang, Qibin
2014-01-01
Highlights: • Apropos NaOH content facilitates the growth of pure phase Sr 2 LaF 7 NCs. • Yb 3+ doping is favorable to the formation of Sr 2 LaF 7 NCs with uniform size. • Ultrasmall near-monodispersed Sr 2 LaF 7 NCs(sub-10 nm) were synthesized for the first time. • Intense multicolor upconversion can be obtained by properly lanthanide doping. - Abstract: Fluorite phase Sr 2 LaF 7 nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized via solvothermal method using oleic acid as capping ligands. The effects of preparing conditions on the phase structure, crystal size, morphology, and upconversion (UC) emission properties of the products were studied. The results reveal that just apropos NaOH content facilitates the growth of near-monodispersed pure phase Sr 2 LaF 7 NCs, and Yb 3+ doping is favorable to the formation of pure Sr 2 LaF 7 phase with more uniform size distribution. The average crystalline size of the products can be controlled less than 10 nm. Following appropriate lanthanide ions doping, the NCs show intense blue, yellow, and white-color UC emission under the excitation of a 980 nm laser. The energy transfer UC mechanisms for the fluorescent intensity were also investigated
Effect of Ti doping on magnetic properties and magnetoresistance in LaSr2Mn2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Feng, J.; Che, P.; Wang, J.P.; Lu, M.F.; Liu, J.F.; Cao, X.Q.; Meng, J.
2005-01-01
The effect of Ti substitution for Mn on magnetic and transport properties has been investigated for layered manganese oxides LaSr 2 Mn 2-x Ti x O 7 . Titanium doping hampered the canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange at low temperature and their Neel temperature (T N ) decreased from 138 K (x = 0) to 106 K (x = 0.1). Meanwhile, spin glass, charge ordering and metal-insulator transition are suppressed by Ti addition. This can be attributed to Mn-site disorder caused by random substitution of Ti 4+ . The suppression of charge ordering leads to magntetoresistance (MR) ratio increase and MR reaches maximum at x = 0.3. The resistivity increases obviously with x increasing because of double exchange interaction channel broken by Ti 4+ addition. The resistivity of all samples in low temperature range fits to the Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) model, while it fits to nearest neighbor hopping of small polarons model in high temperature range. We also found that both disorder and distortion in A-site and B-site will induce the similar effect to electrical and magnetic properties
Dopant induced variations in microstructure and optical properties of CeO2 nanoparticles
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mohanty, Bhaskar Chandra; Lee, Jong Won; Yeon, Deuk-Ho; Jo, Yeon-Hwa; Kim, Jong Hak; Cho, Yong Soo
2011-01-01
Research highlights: → Dopant (Zr 4+ , La 3+ , and Ca 2+ ) induced phase stability, and changes in microstructure and optical properties of CeO 2 nanoparticles have been studied. → The nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of nitrate solutions. → The results show modification of the unit cell parameter by -0.39, +0.83 and +0.16% for doping of 20% Zr 4+ , La 3+ , and Ca 2+ , respectively. → For each batch prepared, nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution of 5-15 nm have been obtained. These particles are single crystals mostly having polygonal two-dimensional projections. → UV-visible spectra of doped particles exhibit shift of the absorption edge and absorption peak with respect to those of the undoped ones and has been attributed to compensation of Ce 3+ and decreasing crystallite size as result of doping. -- Abstract: Nanocrystalline CeO 2 particles doped in the range of 0-20% of Ca 2+ , La 3+ , and Zr 4+ have been prepared from hydrothermal synthesis of nitrate solutions at 200 o C and the influences of the dopants on microstructure and optical properties of the nanoparticles have been investigated. The unit cell parameter is found to be modified by -0.39, +0.83 and +0.16% for doping of 20% Zr 4+ , La 3+ , and Ca 2+ , respectively. For each batch prepared, nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution of 5-15 nm have been obtained. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigation reveals that these particles are single crystals mostly having hexagonal, square or circular two-dimensional projections. UV-visible spectra of doped powders exhibit shift of the absorption edge and absorption peak with respect to those of the undoped CeO 2 particles and has been attributed to compensation of Ce 3+ and decreasing crystallite size as result of doping.
Bahamirian, M.; Hadavi, S. M. M.; Rahimipour, M. R.; Farvizi, M.; Keyvani, A.
2018-06-01
Defect cluster thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are attractive alternatives to Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in advanced applications. In this study, YSZ nanoparticles doped with ytterbium and gadolinium (ZrO2 9.5Y2O3 5.6Yb2O3 5.2Gd2O3 (ZGYbY)) were synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation and calcination method, and characterized by in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis in the temperature range of 25 °C to 1000 °C (HTK-XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Precise cell parameters of t-prime phase and the best zirconia phase for TBC applications were calculated by Cohen's and Rietveld refinement methods. Optimum crystallization temperature of the precursor powder was found to be 1000 °C. Furthermore, FE-SEM results for the calcined ZGYbY powders indicated orderly particles of uniform shape and size with a small tendency toward agglomeration. Average lattice thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range of 25 °C to 1000 °C was determined to be 31.71 × 10-6 K-1.
Bahamirian, M.; Hadavi, S. M. M.; Rahimipour, M. R.; Farvizi, M.; Keyvani, A.
2018-03-01
Defect cluster thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are attractive alternatives to Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in advanced applications. In this study, YSZ nanoparticles doped with ytterbium and gadolinium (ZrO2 9.5Y2O3 5.6Yb2O3 5.2Gd2O3 (ZGYbY)) were synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation and calcination method, and characterized by in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis in the temperature range of 25 °C to 1000 °C (HTK-XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Precise cell parameters of t-prime phase and the best zirconia phase for TBC applications were calculated by Cohen's and Rietveld refinement methods. Optimum crystallization temperature of the precursor powder was found to be 1000 °C. Furthermore, FE-SEM results for the calcined ZGYbY powders indicated orderly particles of uniform shape and size with a small tendency toward agglomeration. Average lattice thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range of 25 °C to 1000 °C was determined to be 31.71 × 10-6 K-1.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Choi, S. M.; Shin, G. M.; Joo, Y.S.; Yoo, S. I.
2013-01-01
We investigated the flux pinning properties of both 10 mol% Zr-and Sn-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) films with the same thickness of ∽350 nm for a comparative purpose. The films were prepared on the SrTiO 3 (STO) single crystal substrate by the metal-organic deposition (MOD) process. Compared with Sn-doped YBCO film, Zr-doped one exhibited a significant enhancement in the critical current density (J c ) and pinning force density (F p ). The anisotropic J c ,min/J c ,max ratio in the field-angle dependence of J c at 77 K for 1 T was also improved from 0.23 for Sn-doped YBCO to 0.39 for Zr-doped YBCO. Thus, the highest magnetic J c values of 9.0 and 2.9 MA/cm 2 with the maximum F p (F p ,max) values of 19 and 5 GN/m 3 at 65 and 77 K for H // c, respectively, could be achieved from Zr-doped YBCO film. The stronger pinning effect in Zr-doped YBCO film is attributable to smaller BaZrO-3 (BZO) nanoparticles (the average size ≈ 28.4 nm) than YBa 2 SnO 5. 5 (YBSO) nanoparticles (the average size ≈ 45.0 nm) incorporated in Sn-doped YBCO film since smaller nanoparticles can generate more defects acting as effective flux pinning sites due to larger incoherent interfacial area for the same doping concentration.
Luminescence in Eu2+ and Ce3+ doped SrCaP2O7 phosphors
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
K.N. Shinde
Full Text Available Eu2+ and Ce3+ doped SrCaP2O7 has been achieved by modified solid state diffusion in reducing atmosphere. The prepared phosphor powders have been identified by their characteristic X-ray diffraction patterns. The mixed phases of α-Sr2P2O7 type with orthorhombic and α-Ca2P2O7 type with monoclinic form were investigated. Its excitation wavelength ranging from 250 to 430 nm fits well with the characteristic emission of UV light-emitting diode (LED. The excitation and emission spectra indicate that these phosphors can be effectively excited by the near-UV light, and emits blue (visible range due to 4f7 → 4f65d1 transition of Eu2+ particularly, SrCaP2O7: Eu2+ whereas, photoluminescence excitation spectrum measurements of Ce3+ activated SrCaP2O7 shows that the phosphor can be efficiently excited by UV–Vis light from 280 to 310 nm to realize emission in the near visible range due to the 5d–4f transition of Ce3+ ions which is applicable for scintillation purpose. The impacts of doping of divalent europium and trivalent cerium on photoluminescence properties on SrCaP2O7 pyrophosphate phosphors were investigated and I propose a feasible interpretation. Keywords: Phosphor, Luminescence, XRD, LED, FTIR
Structural response of titanate pyrochlores to swift heavy ion irradiation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shamblin, Jacob; Tracy, Cameron L.; Ewing, Rodney C.; Zhang, Fuxiang; Li, Weixing; Trautmann, Christina; Lang, Maik
2016-01-01
The structure, size, and morphology of ion tracks resulting from irradiation of five different pyrochlore compositions (A 2 Ti 2 O 7 , A = Yb, Er, Y, Gd, Sm) with 2.2 GeV 197 Au ions were investigated by means of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Radiation-induced amorphization occurred in all five materials analyzed following an exponential rate as a function of ion fluence. XRD patterns showed a general trend of increasing susceptibility of amorphization with increasing ratio of A- to B-site cation ionic radii (r A /r B ) with the exception of Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Sm 2 Ti 2 O 7 . This indicates that the track size does not necessarily increase with r A /r B , in contrast with results from previous swift heavy ion studies on Gd 2 Zr 2-x Ti x O 7 pyrochlore materials. For Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 , this effect is attributed to the significantly lower electron density of this material relative to the lanthanide-bearing pyrochlores, thus lowering the electronic energy loss (dE/dx) of the high-energy ions in this composition. An energy loss normalization procedure was performed which reveals an initial increase of amorphous track size with r A /r B that saturates above a cation radius ratio larger than Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 . This is in agreement with previous low-energy ion irradiation experiments and first principles calculations of the disordering energy of titanate pyrochlores indicating that the same trends in disordering energy apply to radiation damage induced in both the nuclear and electronic energy loss regimes. HRTEM images indicate that single ion tracks in Yb 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Er 2 Ti 2 O 7 , which have small A-site cations and low r A /r B , exhibit a core-shell structure with a small amorphous core surrounded by a larger disordered shell. In contrast, single tracks in Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Sm 2 Ti 2 O 7 , have a larger amorphous core with minimal disordered shells.
Influence of La doping on structural and dielectric properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Verma, Maya; Sreenivas, K.; Gupta, Vinay
2009-01-01
Lanthanum doped SrBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 ceramics with the chemical formula SrBi 2-x La x Nb 2 O 9 (SBLN) (x=0-0.5) have been prepared through conventional solid state route. X-ray diffraction reveals the shrinkage of unit cell of strontium bismuth niobate with incorporation of La 3+ dopant, having no lone pair electrons. Shifting of Raman phonon modes indicates the reduced rattling space of NbO 6 octahedra with increase in La doping concentration. Further, the softening of lowest frequency phonon mode with increasing x in SBLN shows the transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric at room temperature. The dielectric properties for all the compositions are studied as a function of temperature (25 to 500 deg. C) over the frequency range of 10 kHz-1 MHz. With increase in lanthanum doping concentration the phase transition becomes diffused and transition temperature gets shifted toward lower temperature. A phase transition from normal ferroelectric to paraelectric has been observed via relaxor-type ferroelectrics with increase in x. The frequency dependence of transition temperature was studied in terms of Vogel-Fulcher relation for SBLN (x=0.4)
Energy band alignment of antiferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O{sub 3}
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Klein, Andreas, E-mail: aklein@surface.tu-darmstadt.de [Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Lohaus, Christian [Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Reiser, Patrick [Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); InnovationLab GmbH, Speyerer Straße 4, 69115 Heidelberg (Germany); Dimesso, Lucangelo [Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Wang, Xiucai; Yang, Tongqing [Tongji University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Ministry of Education), Functional Materials Research Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Cao’an Road 4800, Shanghai 201804 (China)
2017-06-15
Highlights: • Energy band alignment of antiferroelectric PLZST studied by XPS. • A deconvolution procedure is applied to study band alignment of insulating materials. • Contribution of Pb 6s orbitals leads to higher valence band maximum. • Ferroelectric polarization does not contribute to valence band maximum energy. • The variation of Schottky barrier heights indicates no Fermi level pinning in PLZST. - Abstract: The energy band alignment of antiferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O{sub 3} is studied with photoelectron spectroscopy using interfaces with high work function RuO{sub 2} and low work function Sn-doped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} (ITO). It is demonstrated how spectral deconvolution can be used to determine absolute Schottky barrier heights for insulating materials with a high accuracy. Using this approach it is found that the valence band maximum energy of (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O{sub 3} is found to be comparable to that of Pb- and Bi-containing ferroelectric materials, which is ∼1 eV higher than that of BaTiO{sub 3}. The results provide additional evidence for the occupation of the 6s orbitals as origin of the higher valence band maximum, which is directly related to the electrical properties of such compounds. The results also verify that the energy band alignment determined by photoelectron spectroscopy of as-deposited electrodes is not influenced by polarisation. The electronic structure of (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O{sub 3} should enable doping of the material without strongly modifying its insulating properties, which is crucial for high energy density capacitors. Moreover, the position of the energy bands should result in a great freedom of selecting electrode materials in terms of avoiding charge injection.
Near infra red light emitting Y2Sn2O7: Yb-Er nanoparticles
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nigam, Sandeep; Sudarsan, V.; Vatsa, R.K.
2011-01-01
There is an increasing interest in erbium doped nanomaterials host, since they emit in the near-infrared region and are potential candidates for optical telecommunication, high-power and infrared lasers. Further, erbium-ytterbium-co-doped matrices have been particularly investigated as Yb 3+ ions play the role of sensitizers. In the present work, Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 nanoparticles co-doped with lanthanide ions Yb 3+ and Er 3+ were prepared based on the urea hydrolysis of Y 3+ , Sn 4+ , and Ln 3+ in ethylene glycol medium at 150 deg C followed by heating at 700 deg C. As prepared samples are amorphous in nature, and the sample heated at 700 deg C showed well crystalline pyrochlore structure. Based on TEM studies, it has been established that nano-particles are highly crystalline, with size range in the range of 2-5 nm. Luminescence measurements were carried out for the as prepared samples and those heated at 700 deg C. As prepared sampled showed very poor luminescence. However on heating to 700 deg C, strong emission in the NIR region was observed upon UV-excitation as can be seen. The peak observed around 1530 nm has been attributed to 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 transition of Er 3+ and the peak around 980 nm is due to 2 F 5/2 → 2 F 7/2 transition of Yb 3+ . (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cossu, C.M.F.A.; Alves, M.F.R.P.; Campos, L.Q.B.; Magnago, R.O.; Santos, C., E-mail: caio.cossu@usp.br [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Resende, RJ (Brazil). Faculdade de Tecnologia; Simba, B.G. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia
2016-07-01
This work developed a composite Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-based reinforced with nanoparticles of ZrO{sub 2} (Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}), to evaluate the effect of the content of ZrO{sub 2} nanoparticles (Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}) on the mechanical properties. Mixtures containing a matrix of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} with fractions in weight of 3%, 5%, 10% and 15%, ZrO{sub 2} (Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}), and were mixed in mortar mill. Mixtures received 5% polymeric binder (PVA); and after adding the binder, the material was pressed uniaxially to 50MPa, and then sintered at a temperature of 1600 ° C - 2h. The sintered products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), relative density, hardness and fracture toughness. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} as crystal phases found after sintering. Furthermore, the relative green density of 55% was predominant in the compact; and after sintering, varied depending on the ZrO{sub 2} content, reaching 97% in sintered compositions with 3% ZrO{sub 2} nanoparticles (Y{sub 2O}3). The hardness of the samples showed values of 1670HV and the maximum toughness of 3.2 MPa × m{sup 1/2}, directly influenced by the presence of nanoparticles ZrO{sub 2} uniformly dispersed in the matrix Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, which results in at least two main mechanisms tenacifiers: transformation of tetragonal-monoclinic phase of zirconia, and compressive residual strain between the two phases present, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and tetragonal ZrO{sub 2}. (author)
Hole-doping effects on the magnetic properties of the La4Ba2Cu2O10 ferromagnet
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mizuno, F.; Masuda, H.; Hirabayashi, I.; Tanaka, S.; Mochiku, T.; Asano, H.; Izumi, F.
1992-01-01
Hole-doping effects by Ba substitution for La in La 4-x Ba 2+x Cu 2 O 10 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been studied to explore the possibilities of its metal-insulator transition and superconductivity. We have not detected any symptoms for metal-insulator transition, but found certain evidence for the hole-doping effect. We observed the dilution effect of Cu 2+ spin by non-magnetic Cu 3+ on the ferromagnetic transition temperature and the reduction of effective magnetic moment. (orig.)
AgLnSb/sub 2/O/sub 7/ compounds with weberite structure
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lopatin, S S; Aver' yanova, L N; Belyaev, I N; Zvyagintsev, B I; Dyatlov, Eh V [Rostovskij-na-Donu Gosudarstvennyj Univ. (USSR)
1982-11-01
The interaction between AgSbO/sub 3/ and LnSbO/sub 4/ in the solid phase at 1100-1150 deg C has been investigated. AgLnSb/sub 2/O/sub 7/ compounds with weberite crystal structure are formed in Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm cases but in Ln=Eu, Cd, Dy, Er cases the formation of termary oxides of the indicated composition has not been observed. Inasmuch as compounds of the general formula A/sub 2/B/sub 2/O/sub 7/ with average cation radii Rsub(B) >0.60 A and 1.65 <= Rsub(A)/Rsub(B) <= 2.20 can crystallize in weberite, pyrochlore and laminated perovskite-like structurer, conditions of the existence of the above mentioned structures depending on A and B dimensions and electronegativity are discussed.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E. de Sousa
2009-06-01
Full Text Available Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 (LZSA foram produzidas pelo processo gelcasting, associado à aeração de suspensões cerâmicas, sem controle atmosférico. Por meio da adição de diferentes concentrações de agente espumante (Fongraminox foi possível obter espumas vítreas com densidade relativa variando entre uma estreita faixa (0,10-0,15. As espumas vítreas apresentaram resistência à compressão de 2,5-3,7 MPa, que correspondem a porosidade entre 85 e 89% e macroestrutra com poros aproximadamente esféricos e interconectados. Tais características tornam esses materiais atraentes para as seguintes aplicações tecnológicas: filtros para metais fundidos e gases quentes e, suportes catalíticos.Vitreous foams in the Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 (LZSA system were produced by the gelcasting process with aeration of ceramic suspensions and without atmospheric control. By the addition of different concentrations of foaming agent (Fongraminox it was possible to attain glass-ceramic foams in a narrow range of relative density (0.10-0.15. The glass-ceramic foams showed compressive strength of 2.5-3.7 MPa, which corresponds to porosity between 85-89%, and macrostructure with pores nearly spherical and interconnected, these characteristics make these materials attractive for the following applications technology: filters of molten metals and hot gas, and catalytic support.
Improved flux-pinning properties of REBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-z} films by low-level Co doping
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Wentao; Pu, Minghua; Wang, Weiwei; Lei, Ming [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains, Ministry of Education of China, Superconductivity R and D Centre (SRDC), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuanlu Beiyiduan 111, 610031 Chengdu (China); Cheng, Cuihua [Superconductivity Research Group, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052 NSW, Sydney (Australia); Zhao, Yong [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains, Ministry of Education of China, Superconductivity R and D Centre (SRDC), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuanlu Beiyiduan 111, 610031 Chengdu (China); Superconductivity Research Group, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052 NSW, Sydney (Australia)
2011-09-15
Biaxially textured REBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3-x}Co{sub x}O{sub 7-z} (RE = Gd,Y) films were prepared on (00l) LaAlO{sub 3} substrate using self-developed fluorine-free chemical solution deposition (CSD) approach. The in-field J{sub c} values are significantly improved for REBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3-x}Co{sub x}O{sub 7-z} films through low-level Co doping. Co-doped GdBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-z} film shows the highest J{sub c} values at higher temperatures and fields, whereas the J{sub c} values of Co-doped YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-z} film surpass that of other films at lower temperatures and fields. In addition, the volume pinning force densities of films with Co doping have been distinctly enhanced in the applied fields, indicating improved flux-pinning properties. The possible reasons are discussed in detail. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of ZrO2-H2SO4-(NH4)2SO4(NH4Cl)-H2O systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Motov, D.L.; Sozinova, Yu.P.; Rys'kina, M.P.
1988-01-01
Regions of formation, composition and solubility of ammonium sulfatozirconates (ASZ) in ZrO 2 -H 2 SO 4 -(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (NH 4 Cl)-H 2 O systems at 25 and 75 deg C are studied by the isothermal method. Five ASZ: (NH 4 ) 2 Zr(OH) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 , NH 4 ZrOH(SO 4 ) 2 xH 2 O, NH 4 ZrO 0.5 (OH) 2 SO 4 x1.5H 2 O, (NH 4 ) 2 Zr(SO 4 ) 3 x2H 2 O, (NH 4 ) 4 Zr(SO 4 ) 4 x4H 2 O are detected, their properties are investigated. Main sulfates are new compounds never described ealier
Enhanced Photoluminescence of Sm3+/Bi3+ Co-Doped La2O3 Nanophosphors by Combustion Synthesis
Zhang, Ying; Wu, Muying; Zhang, W. F.
Nanosized La2O3:Sm3+ and La2O3:Sm3+, Bi3+ phosphor powders were prepared via combustion synthesis. The structures and morphology were examined using powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra were investigated at different doping concentrations of Sm3+ and Bi3+ ions. The results indicate that La2O3:Sm3+ (Bi3+) exhibited good crystallinity and spherical-like particles. All phosphors give emission bands centered at 564, 608 and 650 nm corresponding to 4G5/2→6HJ (J=5/2, 7/2 and 9/2) transitions of Sm3+ ions, respectively. Interestingly, the emission intensity of Sm3+ ions is significantly enhanced with the addition of Bi3+ ions to La2O3:Sm3+ and the maximum occurs at a Bi3+ concentration of 0.8 mol%. The La2O3:Sm3+, Bi3+ phosphor with highly enhanced luminescence is very encouraging for applications in display and tunable solid lasers.
Rare earths (Ce, Eu, Tb) doped Y2Si2O7 phosphors for white LED
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sokolnicki, Jerzy
2013-01-01
Nanocrystalline yttrium pyrosilicate Y 2 Si 2 O 7 (YPS) singly, doubly or triply doped with Ce 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ was obtained by the reaction of nanostructured Y 2 O 3 :Ln 3+ and colloidal SiO 2 at high temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a single phase of α-YPS at 1200 °C. Two series of YPS samples doped with Eu 3+ or Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ were obtained by applying the reducing atmosphere (75%N 2 +25%H 2 ) at different temperatures. The luminescence and excitation spectra are reported. The singly Eu 3+ doped YPS emit from both Eu 3+ and Eu 2+ ions, with the spectral position and width of the Eu 2+ emission different in both series. The presence of Eu 2+ in the samples was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. A broadband emission of Eu 2+ (380–650 nm), combined with the red emission of Eu 3+ is perceived by the naked eye as white light. Co-doping of YPS:Eu 3+ with Tb 3+ results in enhancement of the green component of the emission, and well-balanced white luminescence. The colour of this emission is tunable, and it is possible to get Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.327, 0.327), colour-rendering index (CRI) of 85, and quantum efficiency (QE) of 71%. These phosphors are efficiently excited in the wavelength range of 300–420 nm, which perfectly matches a near UV-emitting InGaN chip. It was shown that for triply (Ce 3+ , Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ ) doped samples the three emissions from the particular activators can be generated using one excitation wavelength. The white light resulting from the superposition of the blue (Ce 3+ ), green (Tb 3+ ) and red (Eu 3+ ) emissions can be obtained by varying the concentration of the active ions and the treating atmosphere, i.e. reducing or oxidising. Eu 2+ was not detected in the triply doped samples, and hence line emissions mostly exhibit CRI values equal to or below 30. - Highlights: ► Nanocrystalline Y 2 Si 2 O 7 was obtained by the
Non-stoichiometric mullites from Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 amorphous materials by rapid quenching
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yoshimura, M.; Hanaue, Y.; Somiya, S.
1990-01-01
In order to study the formation of zirconia dispersed mullite ceramics from homogeneous starting materials hot-pressing and heat-treatments have been carried out for rapidly quenched amorphous materials with 0 to 20 wt% ZrO 2 mullite compositions. These amorphous materials crystallized directly to mullite for 0-10 wt% ZrO 2 samples or mullite + t-ZrO 2 for 20 wt% ZrO 2 at about 970 degrees C. An A1 2 O 3 - rich composition (82 wt% A1 2 O 3 ) and also a significant solid solubility of ZrO 2 (>10 wt%) were estimated for these mullites by XRD studies. Amorphous speres of 10 nm which were considered to be SiO 2 - rich phase were produced by a phase separation in mullite grains
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Farias, R.F.V.; Fernandes, M.S.M.; Silva, R.S.; Franca, K.B.; Lira, H.L.; Bonifacio, M.A.R.
2016-01-01
This paper describes the synthesis of ceramic powder of TiO2 doped with Zr by the polymeric precursor method, also known as Pechini method applied in ceramic membranes for water treatment. Three compositions were synthesized according to the molar ratio Ti_x-1Zr_xO_2 (x = 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 moles), calcined at 700° C/1h. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microbiological analysis. The presence of the doping element was not decisive in the average size of crystallite, which ranged from 5.5 to 11.3 nm. The SEM images showed clusters with uniform surface and granular aspect, it is still possible to see a clearly porous structure formed by clusters of uniform size for all samples. The microbiological analyses of powders have revealed that they have bactericidal properties. (author)
Ca doping of TSMTG-YBa2Cu3O7-δ/Y2BaCuO5 composites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Delorme, F.; Harnois, C.; Monot-Laffez, I.; Marinel, S.
2002-01-01
Calcium doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ /Y 2 BaCuO 5 bulk samples have been synthesised by the top-seeding-melt-texture growth (TSMTG) process up to 1 wt.% of CaCO 3 . Calcium additions up to 0.25 wt.% of CaCO 3 do not change the decomposition temperature whereas additions of 1 wt.% of CaCO 3 lead to an increase of the decomposition temperature of about 10 deg. C. This difference is not important enough to change the thermal cycle used to process YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ undoped bulk samples. Microstructure studies show that no precursor or secondary phases containing calcium are present in the samples. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses have shown that Ca is present both in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ matrix and the Y 2 BaCuO 5 particles. The position of the calcium atoms in the superconducting matrix is discussed. The calcium doped samples present slightly depressed critical temperatures but drastically depressed critical current densities
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Glaum, Julia; Simons, Hugh; Acosta, Matias
2013-01-01
This article details the influence of zirconium doping on the piezoelectric properties and relaxor characteristics of 94(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-6Ba(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (BNT-6BZT) bulk ceramics. Neutron diffraction measurements of BNT-6BZT doped with 0%-15% Zr revealed an electric-field-induced transition...
Broadband ˜2μm emission in Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped TeO2-WO3-La2O3 glass
Li, Kefeng; Wang, Guonian; Zhang, Junjie; Hu, Lili
2010-10-01
In this work, we report the infrared emission properties of Tm 3+/Ho 3+ co-doped TeO 2-WO 3-La 2O 3 (TWL) glass under 808 nm laser excitation. A broad and flat emission from 1600 to 2200 nm corresponding to the Tm 3+ ( 3F 4→ 3H 6) and Ho 3+ ( 5I 7→ 5I 8) emissions is observed. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this broadband increases up to a value of ˜370 nm with an optimal [Tm 3+]/[Ho 3+] concentration ratio. The energy transfer processes of Tm 3+↔Ho 3+ are analyzed and the results show that energy transfer between Tm 3+ and Ho 3+ plays an important role in the luminescence mechanism. The OH - influence on the broadband emission is also discussed. These results indicate that Tm 3+-Ho 3+ co-doped TWL glass could be a promising material for widely tunable laser or broadband amplifier applications.
Curve thermoluminescent analysis of ZrO2 doped with nanoparticles and Ag nano fibers
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mendoza A, D.; Villa S, G.; Gutierrez W, C.; Perez H, R.; Gonzalez M, P.
2008-01-01
This paper presents the results obtained from the analysis of the high temperature thermoluminescence response induced by UV radiation in pure zirconium (ZrO 2 ) and doped with Ag nanoparticles and Ag nano fibers. The zirconium samples were obtained by the sol-gel method and irradiated with a UV lamp for different times. The results showed that the presence of the dopants change the characteristics of the traps associated with the high temperature peak which is located at 230 C for pure zirconium, and that the greater influence is due the presence of Ag nano fibers, inducing a shift to lower temperatures. It also presents the thermoluminescence response as a function of irradiation time. (Author)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Weng Shengfeng; Wang, Yun-Hsin; Lee, Chi-Shen
2012-01-01
Two novel materials, [M(C 6 H 5 O 7 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 )(C 6 H 7 O 7 )(H 2 O)] . H 2 O (M=La(1a), Ce(1b)) and [Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 ) 2 ] . 4H 2 O (2), with a metal-organic framework (MOF) were prepared with hydrothermal reactions and characterized with photoluminescence, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction in situ. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallized in triclinic space group P1-bar (No. 2); compound 2 crystallized in monoclinic space group P2 1 /c (No. 14). The structure of 1 is built from a 1D MOF, composed of deprotonated citric ligands of three kinds. Compound 2 contains a 2D MOF structure consisting of citrate and oxalate ligands; the oxalate ligand arose from the decomposition in situ of citric acid in the presence of Cu II ions. Photoluminescence spectra of compounds 1b and 2 revealed transitions between the 5d 1 excited state and two levels of the 4f 1 ground state ( 2 F 5/2 and 2 F 7/2 ). Compounds 1b and 2 containing Ce III ion exhibit a paramagnetic property with weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the two adjacent magnetic centers. - Graphical Abstract: [M(C 6 H 5 O 7 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 )(C 6 H 7 O 7 )(H 2 O)] . H 2 O (M=La(1a), Ce(1b)) and [Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 ) 2 ] . 4H 2 O (2)—with 1D and 2D structures were synthesized and characterized. Highlights: ► Two MOF – [M(C 6 H 5 O 7 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 )(C 6 H 7 O 7 )(H 2 O)] . H 2 O (M=La(1a), Ce(1b)) and [Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 ) 2 ] . 4H 2 O (2) – with 1D and 2D structures. ► The adjacent chains of the 1D framework were correlated with each other through an oxalate ligand to form a 2D layer structure. ► The source of the oxalate ligand was the decomposition in situ of citric acid oxidized in the presence of Cu II ions.
E. de Sousa; C. R. Rambo; F. S. Ortega; A. P. N. de Oliveira; V. C. Pandolfelli
2009-01-01
Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 (LZSA) foram produzidas pelo processo gelcasting, associado à aeração de suspensões cerâmicas, sem controle atmosférico. Por meio da adição de diferentes concentrações de agente espumante (Fongraminox) foi possível obter espumas vítreas com densidade relativa variando entre uma estreita faixa (0,10-0,15). As espumas vítreas apresentaram resistência à compressão de 2,5-3,7 MPa, que correspondem a porosidade entre 85 e 89% e macroestrutra com por...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gao, Bin; Weng, Yakui; Zhang, Jun-Jie; Zhang, Huimin; Zhang, Yang; Dong, Shuai
2017-01-01
Oxides with 4 d /5 d transition metal ions are physically interesting for their particular crystalline structures as well as the spin–orbit coupled electronic structures. Recent experiments revealed a series of 4 d /5 d transition metal oxides R 3 M O 7 (R : rare earth; M : 4 d /5 d transition metal) with unique quasi-one-dimensional M chains. Here first-principles calculations have been performed to study the electronic structures of La 3 OsO 7 and La 3 RuO 7 . Our study confirm both of them to be Mott insulating antiferromagnets with identical magnetic order. The reduced magnetic moments, which are much smaller than the expected value for ideal high-spin state (3 t 2g orbitals occupied), are attributed to the strong p − d hybridization with oxygen ions, instead of the spin–orbit coupling. The Ca-doping to La 3 OsO 7 and La 3 RuO 7 can not only modulate the nominal carrier density but also affect the orbital order as well as the local distortions. The Coulombic attraction and particular orbital order would prefer to form polarons, which might explain the puzzling insulating behavior of doped 5 d transition metal oxides. In addition, our calculations predict that the Ca-doping can trigger ferromagnetism in La 3 RuO 7 but not in La 3 OsO 7 . (paper)
Superconductivity drives magnetism in δ -doped La2CuO4
Suter, A.; Logvenov, G.; Boris, A. V.; Baiutti, F.; Wrobel, F.; Howald, L.; Stilp, E.; Salman, Z.; Prokscha, T.; Keimer, B.
2018-04-01
Understanding the interplay between different orders in a solid is a key challenge in highly correlated electronic systems. In real systems this is even more difficult since disorder can have strong influence on the subtle balance between these orders and thus can obscure the interpretation of the observed physical properties. Here we present a study on δ -doped La2CuO4 (δ -LCON ) superlattices. By means of molecular beam epitaxy whole LaO2 layers were periodically replaced by SrO2 layers, providing a charge reservoir yet reducing the level of disorder typically present in doped cuprates to an absolute minimum. The induced superconductivity and its interplay with the antiferromagnetic order is studied by means of low-energy muon spin rotation. We find a quasi-two-dimensional superconducting state which couples to the antiferromagnetic order in a nontrivial way. Below the superconducting transition temperature, the magnetic volume fraction increases strongly. The reason could be a charge redistribution of the free carriers due to the opening of the superconducting gap which is possible due to the close proximity and low disorder between the different ordered regions.
On the superconductivity of doped La2 Cu O4
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Vasiliu-Doloc, L.; Apostol, M.
1992-01-01
The superconducting critical temperature and the oxygen isotope shift are analyzed as functions of the doping level x for both La 2-x Sr x Cu O 4 and La 2-x Ba x Cu O 4 within the framework of the theory of high-temperature superconductivity that assumes a coupling between the charge carriers and the oxygen-displacive modes of the lattice. It is shown that an energy gap in the electronic structure at q = ± π/4 (1,±1,0) would markedly depress the critical temperature around x = 1/8 , as for low-temperature tetragonal phase of La 2-x Ba x Cu O 4 , even in the absence of the Fermi surface nesting. On the other hand, a slight reduction in the coupling strength of the model, which may arise in the narrow range around x = 0.12, implies an increase in the oxygen-mass exponent of the lattice frequencies, a decrease in the isotope shift of the critical temperature and a depression of the critical temperature as observed experimentally for both compounds. (Author)
Structural, hyperfine and Raman properties of RE2FeSbO7 compounds
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Berndt, G.; Silva, K.L.; Ivashita, F.F.; Paesano, A.; Blanco, M.C.; Miner, E.V.P.; Carbonio, R.E.; Dantas, S.M.; Ayala, A.P.; Isnard, O.
2015-01-01
Highlights: • We prepared monophasic RE 2 FeSbO 7 pyrochlores. • RE 2 FeSbO 7 compounds were characterized regarding crystallographic, vibrational and hyperfine properties. • We find out that a site disorder takes place for the RE’s of larger ionic radii. • Lattice parameters, Raman bands and quadrupole splittings were shown to depend correlatedly on the RE ionic radius. - Abstract: Pyrochlores of the RE 2 FeSbO 7 type were synthesized by ball-milling followed by annealing in free atmosphere at high temperatures. The samples prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, at room temperature. The results showed that RE 2 FeSbO 7 compounds have a cubic structure, i.e., Fd-3m (#227) space group, and that a site disorder takes place for the RE’s of larger ionic radii. Lattice parameters, Raman bands and quadrupole splittings were shown to depend correlatedly on the RE ionic radius. This behavior is discussed in terms of the pyrochlore crystallographic structure
Thermal behavior of the amorphous precursors of the ZrO2-SnO2 system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Stefanic, Goran; Music, Svetozar; Ivanda, Mile
2008-01-01
Thermal behavior of the amorphous precursors of the ZrO 2 -SnO 2 system on the ZrO 2 -rich side of the concentration range, prepared by co-precipitation from aqueous solutions of the corresponding salts, was monitored using differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The crystallization temperature of the amorphous precursors increased with an increase in the SnO 2 content, from 405 deg. C (0 mol% SnO 2 ) to 500 deg. C (40 mol% SnO 2 ). Maximum solubility of Sn 4+ ions in the ZrO 2 lattice (∼25 mol%) occurred in the metastable products obtained upon crystallization of the amorphous precursors. A precise determination of unit-cell parameters, using both Rietveld and Le Bail refinements of the powder diffraction patterns, shows that the incorporation of Sn 4+ ions causes an asymmetric distortion of the monoclinic ZrO 2 lattice. The results of phase analysis indicate that the incorporation of Sn 4+ ions has no influence on the stabilization of cubic ZrO 2 and negligible influence on the stabilization of tetragonal ZrO 2 . Partial stabilization of tetragonal ZrO 2 in products having a tin content above its solid-solubility limit was attributed to the influence of ZrO 2 -SnO 2 surface interactions. In addition to phases closely structurally related to cassiterite, monoclinic ZrO 2 and tetragonal ZrO 2 , a small amount of metastable ZrSnO 4 phase appeared in the crystallization products of samples with 40 and 50 mol% of SnO 2 calcined at 1000 deg. C. Further temperature treatments caused a decrease in and disappearance of metastable phases. The results of the micro-structural analysis show that the sinterability of the crystallization products significantly decreases with an increase in the SnO 2 content
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mahamdioua, N., E-mail: mahamdioua.nabil@gmail.com [LEND, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jijel University, Jijel 18000 (Algeria); Amira, A. [LEND, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jijel University, Jijel 18000 (Algeria); Altintas, S.P. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, AIB University, Bolu 14280 (Turkey); Koc University, Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), 34450-Sariyer, Istanbul (Turkey); Varilci, A.; Terzioglu, C. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, AIB University, Bolu 14280 (Turkey)
2016-08-15
We present structural, magnetic and electrical properties of the polycrystalline A-site-deficient yttrium doped double layered manganites La{sub 1.2−x}□{sub 0.2}Y{sub x}Ca{sub 1.6}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} (x=0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) prepared by a solid state reaction method. The samples crystallize in the tetragonal structure with the space group I4/mmm. Doping with Y decreases the cell parameters and causes a decrease of the metal-insulator transition temperature. The same evolution with doping is also seen for the deduced Curie temperature from susceptibility curves which present a clear paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition. The significant positive intrinsic magnetoresistance, shown in all samples, reaches 85% at 122 K under 7 T for 0.3 doped sample and can be attributed to the suppression of spin fluctuations via aligning the spins under external magnetic field, while the extrinsic one is attributed to the inter-grain spin-polarized tunneling across the grain boundaries. The simulation of the resistivity curves in the entire temperature range show that the percolation model is suitable to fit our results. The applied magnetic field increases the density of states near the Fermi level, which is in accordance with the observed decrease of resistivity. - Graphical abstract: Resistivity and magnetoresistance of La{sub 1.2−x}□{sub 0.2}Y{sub x}Ca{sub 1.6}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} (x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4). Solid lines correspond to the fitting results. Display Omitted.
Wu, J. Z.; Shi, J. J.; Baca, F. J.; Emergo, R.; Wilt, J.; Haugan, T. J.
2015-12-01
The orientation phase diagram of self-assembled BaZrO3 (BZO) nanostructures in c-oriented YBa2Cu3O{}7-δ (YBCO) films on flat and vicinal SrTiO3 substrates was studied experimentally with different dopant concentrations and vicinal angles and theoretically using a micromechanical model based on the theory of elasticity. The organized BZO nanostructure configuration was found to be tunable, between c-axis to ab-plane alignment, by the dopant concentration in the YBCO film matrix strained via lattice mismatched substrates. The correlation between the local strain caused by the BZO doping and the global strain on the matrix provides a unique approach for controllable growth of dopant nanostructure landscapes. In particular, a mixed phase of the c-axis-aligned nanorods and the ab-plane-aligned planar nanostructures can be obtained, leading to a three-dimensional pinning landscape with single impurity doping and much improved J c in almost all directions of applied magnetic field.
Wei, Chengzhen; Cheng, Cheng; Wang, Shanshan; Xu, Yazhou; Wang, Jindi; Pang, Huan
2015-08-01
A simple hydrothermal method has been developed to prepare hexagonal tablet precursors, which are then transformed into porous sodium-doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets by a simple calcination method. The obtained samples were evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Electrochemical measurements show that the electrode based on the porous sodium-doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets exhibits a specific capacitance of 557.7 F g(-1) at a current density of 1.2 A g(-1) . Furthermore, the porous sodium-doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets were successfully used to construct flexible solid-state hybrid supercapacitors. The device is highly flexible and achieves a maximum energy density of 23.4 Wh kg(-1) and a good cycling stability after 5000 cycles, which confirms that the porous sodium-doped Ni2P2 O7 hexagonal tablets are promising active materials for flexible supercapacitors. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Besikiotis, Vasileios; Ricote, Sandrine; Jensen, Molly Hjorth
2012-01-01
In the present contribution we discuss the influence of order/disorder on the concentration and mobility of ionic charge carriers in undoped and acceptor (calcium) doped fluorite and pyrochlore structured lanthanum cerate–zirconate solid solutions: (La1−yCay)2(Ce1−xZrx)2O7−δ (y=0, 0.02, 0.10; x=0...... enthalpy becomes more exothermic with higher cerium content, i.e. with more disordered materials. The proton conductivity decreases upon acceptor substitution of La3+ with Ca2+ which is attributed to trapping of the charge carriers by the effectively negative acceptor....
Isomorphic Structural Transition in the β-Pyrochlore Oxide Superconductor KOs2O6
Yamaura, Jun-ichi; Takigawa, Masashi; Yamamuro, Osamu; Hiroi, Zenji
2010-04-01
A phase transition observed at Tp = 7.65 K in the β-pyrochlore oxide superconductor KOs2O6 is studied by means of heat capacity, 39K-NMR, and X-ray diffraction measurements using high-quality single crystals. We find evidence of an isomorphic structural transition at Tp without the off-center freezing of the K ion even below Tp. It is possibly related to the rattling motion of the K ion in an oversized atomic cage.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bandi, Vengala Rao; Jeong, Junho; Jang, Kiwan; Lee, Ho Sueb [Department of Physics, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773 (Korea, Republic of); Jayasimhadri, M [Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi (India); Yi, Soung-Soo [Department of Photonics, Silla University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Jung-Hyun, E-mail: kwjang@changwon.ac.k [Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of)
2010-10-06
A series of red phosphors Ca{sub 1-x}ZrSi{sub 2}O{sub 7} : Eu{sub x} (x = 0.5,1,5,10,12 mol%) were prepared by a solid-state reaction technique at various temperatures and their structural and optical properties were investigated. The x-ray diffraction profiles showed that all peaks could be attributed to the monoclinic phase CaZrSi{sub 2}O{sub 7} doped with Eu{sup 3+}. SEM, FTIR, TG and DTA profiles have also been characterized to explore their structural properties. The luminescence properties of these resulting phosphors have been characterized by photoluminescence spectra. The host matrix itself has shown a strong blue emission which has its maximum intensity at 470 nm. The excitation spectra of CaZrSi{sub 2}O{sub 7} : Eu{sup 3+} revealed two excitation bands at 395 and 464 nm which correspond to the sharp {sup 7}F{sub 0}-{sup 5}L{sub 6} and {sup 7}F{sub 0}-{sup 5}D{sub 2} transitions of Eu{sup 3+} and matches well with the two popular emissions from n-UV/blue GaN-based LEDs. The prominent red emission was obtained at 615 nm by the excitation transitions {sup 5}L{sub 6}, {sup 5}D{sub 2} of Eu{sup 3+} through the non-radiative energy transfer process from the host to the Eu{sup 3+} ion. The effects of charge compensation by monovalent ions on the luminescence behaviour of a red emitting phosphor CaZrSi{sub 2}O{sub 7} : Eu{sup 3+} were investigated. The high colour saturation and the low thermal quenching effect of these phosphors make it a potential red component for white light emitting diodes (w-LEDs).
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Oliveira, Antonio Pedro Novaes de; Teixeira, Alexandre Henrique Bortolotto; Venturelli, Hugo Henrique, E-mail: bortolotto_teixeira@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: venturellihugo@gmail.com, E-mail: antonio.pedro@ufsc.br [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (VITROCER/PGMAT/UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Laboratorio de Materiais Vitroceramicos; Montedo, Oscar Rubem Klegues, E-mail: oscar.rkm@gmail.com [Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (CERTEC/PPGCEM/UNESC), Criciuma, SC (Brazil). Grupo de Pesquisa em Ceramica Tecnica
2017-04-15
Growth kinetics of crystallized surface layer in a LZSA glass composition, 11.7Li{sub 2}O·12.6ZrO{sub 2}·68.6SiO{sub 2}·7.1Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (wt%), was studied. For the production of the LZSA glass, it was used commercial raw materials (Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}, ZrSiO{sub 4}, SiO{sub 2}, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) which were mixed and melted at 1550 °C for 120 min and then poured into a metallic mold. Samples of the obtained glass were cut and subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures (825 - 925 °C) and times (30 - 150 min) for formation and growth of crystalline layer. Cross-sections of the heat-treated samples were ground and polished such that images of the formed crystallized layers could be visualized and measured by microscopy. Results showed that it is possible to obtain LZSA glasses with crystallized layers formed by β-spodumene, zircon and lithium silicate, which present thicknesses between 13 and 665 μ and grow at rates varying from 0.4 to 4.8 μm/min in the studied temperature range. (author)
Electrical properties of Sb and Cr-doped PbZrO3-PbTiO3-PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics
Whatmore, Roger W.; Molter, O.; Shaw, Christopher P.
2003-01-01
The pyroelectric, dielectric and DC resistive properties of Sb and Cr-doped ceramics with a base composition of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.025(Zr0.825Ti0.175)0.975O3 have been studied. Sb doping has been shown to produce a linear reduction in Curie temperature (TC=−22z+294 °C) with concentration (z) and to give an increase in pyroelectric coefficient from 250 to 310 μCm−2 K−1 for z increasing from 0 to 3 at.%. It also produces first a reduction and then an increase in both dielectric constant and loss, ...
Shen, Zhong; Zhong, Jin-Yi; Chai, Na-Na; He, Xin; Zang, Jian-Zheng; Xu, Hui; Han, Xiao-Yuan; Zhang, Peng
2017-06-01
Zr4+, Ge4+ doped and co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a 'one-pot' homogeneous precipitation method. The photocatalytic reaction kinetics of DMMP and the disinfection efficiency of HD, GD and VX on the samples were investigated. By means of a variety of characterization methods, especially the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, the changes in structure and property of TiO2 across doping were studied. The results show that the reasonable engineering design of novel photocatalysts in the field of CWAs decontamination can be realized by adjusting the bulk-to-surface defects ratio, except for crystal structure, specific surface area, pore size distribution and light utilization.
Difference in Thermal Degradation Behavior of ZrO2 and HfO2 Anodized Capacitors
Kamijyo, Masahiro; Onozuka, Tomotake; Yoshida, Naoto; Shinkai, Satoko; Sasaki, Katsutaka; Yamane, Misao; Abe, Yoshio
2004-09-01
Microcrystalline ZrO2 and HfO2 thin film capacitors were prepared by anodizing sputter-deposited Zr and Hf films. The thermal degradation behavior of both anodized capacitors was clarified by the measurement of their capacitance properties and Auger depth profiles before and after heat treatment in air. As a result, it is confirmed that the heat-resistance property of the HfO2 anodized capacitor is superior to that of the ZrO2 capacitor. In addition, it is revealed that the thermal degradation of the ZrO2 anodized capacitor is caused by the diffusion of Zr atoms from the underlying layer into the ZrO2 anodized layer, while that of the HfO2 anodized capacitor is caused by the diffusion of oxygen atoms from the anodized layer into the underlying Hf layer.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bork, Nicolai Christian; Eurenius, K. E. J.; Rossmeisl, Jan
2012-01-01
A combined density functional theory and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study of the structure and specific site preference of protons and hydrides in the pyrochlore Sm1.92Ca0.08Sn2O7-δ is presented. Two protonic sites of particular high stability are identified, both located on O(1......) oxygen atoms closely associated with a Ca dopant. Further, the unexpected presence of Ho hydride defects in undoped, oxygen deficient Sm2Sn2O7 is reported. Finally, the stretching frequencies and relative intensities for these and other sites are calculated. The main features of the Fourier transform...
Yttrium bismuth titanate pyrochlore mixed oxides for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Merka, Oliver
2012-10-18
In this work, the sol-gel synthesis of new non-stoichiometric pyrochlore titanates and their application in photocatalytic hydrogen production is reported. Visible light response is achieved by introducing bismuth on the A site or by doping the B site by transition metal cations featuring partially filled d orbitals. This work clearly focusses on atomic scale structural changes induced by the systematical introduction of non-stoichiometry in pyrochlore mixed oxides and the resulting influence on the activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The materials were characterized in detail regarding their optical properties and their atomic structure. The pyrochlore structure tolerates tremendous stoichiometry variations. The non-stoichiometry in A{sub 2}O{sub 3} rich compositions is compensated by distortions in the cationic sub-lattice for the smaller Y{sup 3+} cation and by evolution of a secondary phase for the larger Bi{sup 3+} cation on the A site. For TiO{sub 2} rich compositions, the non-stoichiometry leads to a special vacancy formation in the A and optionally O' sites. It is shown that pyrochlore mixed oxides in the yttrium bismuth titanate system represent very active and promising materials for photocatalytic hydrogen production, if precisely and carefully tuned. Whereas Y{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} yields stable hydrogen production rates over time, the bismuth richer compounds of YBiTi{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Bi{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} are found to be not stable under irradiation. This drawback is overcome by applying a special co-catalyst system consisting of a precious metal core and a Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} shell on the photocatalysts.
The influence of Ti doping and annealing on Ce{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} flash memory devices
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kao, Chyuan Haur [Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC (China); Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC (China); Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan, ROC (China); Chen, Su Zhien [Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC (China); Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC (China); Luo, Yang; Chiu, Wang Ting; Chiu, Shih Wei; Chen, I Chien [Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, No. 1, University Rd., Puli, Nantou Country 54561, Taiwan, ROC (China); Lin, Chan-Yu [Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC (China); Chen, Hsiang, E-mail: hchen@ncnu.edu.tw [Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, No. 1, University Rd., Puli, Nantou Country 54561, Taiwan, ROC (China)
2017-02-28
Highlights: • Ce{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} flash memories have been fabricated. • Material quality can be improved by annealing. • The memory performance can be enhanced by Ti doping. • Ti doping and annealing can reinforce crystallization. - Abstract: In this research, a CeO{sub 2} film with Ti doping was used as a trapping layer in metal oxide high-K-oxide-Si (MOHOS)-type memory devices. Since incorporation of Ti atoms into the film could fix dangling bonds and defects, the Ce{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} trapping layer with annealing treatment could have a larger memory window and a faster programming/erasing speed. To confirm the origin, multiple material analyses indicate that annealing at an appropriate temperature and Ti doping could enhance crystallization. The Ce{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}-based memory device is promising for future industrial flash memory applications.
Tuning the magnetocaloric properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 manganites through Ni-doping
Gómez, A.; Chavarriaga, E.; Supelano, I.; Parra, C. A.; Morán, O.
2018-04-01
The effect of Ni2+ doping on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 manganites synthesized via the auto-combustion method is reported. The aim of studying Ni2+-substituted La0.7Ca0.3Mn1 - xNixO3 (x = 0 , 0.02 , 0.07, and 0.1) manganites was to explore the possibility of increasing the operating temperature range for the magnetocaloric effect through tuning of the magnetic transition temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the phase purity of the synthesized samples. The substitution of Mn3+ ions by Ni2+ ions in the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 lattice was also corroborated through this technique. The dependence of the magnetization on the temperature reveals that all the compositions exhibit a well-defined ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition near the Curie temperature. A systematic decrease in the values of the Curie temperature is clearly observed upon Ni2+ doping. Probably the replacement of Mn3+ by Ni2+ ions in the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 lattice weakens the Mn3+-O-Mn4+ double exchange interaction, which leads to a decrease in the transition temperature and the magnetic moment in the samples. By using Arrott plots, it was found that the phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic is second order. The maximum magnetic entropy changes observed for the x = 0 , 0.02 , 0.07, and 0.1 composites was 0.85, 0.77, 0.63, and 0.59 J/kg K, respectively, under a magnetic field of 1.5 T. In general, it was verified that the magnetic entropy change achieved for La0.7Ca0.3Mn1 - xNixO3 manganites synthesized via the auto-combustion method is higher than those reported for other manganites with comparable Ni2+-doping levels synthesized via standard solid state reaction. The addition of Ni2+ increases the value of the relative cooling power as compared to that of the parent compound. The highest value of this parameter (∼60 J/kg) is found for a Ni-doping level of 2% around 230 K in a field of 1.5 T.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shoji, Mao; Munakata, Hirokazu; Kanamura, Kiyoshi, E-mail: kanamura@tmu.ac.jp [Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo (Japan)
2016-08-30
All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries using Li{sup +}-ion conducting ceramic electrolytes have been focused on as attractive future batteries for electric vehicles and renewable energy conversion systems because high safety can be realized due to non-flammability of ceramic electrolytes. In addition, a higher volumetric energy density than that of current lithium-ion batteries is expected since the all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries can be made in bipolar cell configurations. However, the special ideas and techniques based on ceramic processing are required to construct the electrochemical interface for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries since the battery development has been done so far based on liquid electrolyte system over 100 years. As one of the promising approaches to develop practical all-solid-state batteries, we have been focusing on three-dimensionally (3D) structured cell configurations such as an interdigitated combination of 3D pillars of cathode and anode, which can be realized by using solid electrolyte membranes with hole-array structures. The application of such kinds of 3D structures effectively increases the interface between solid electrode and solid electrolyte per unit volume, lowering the internal resistance of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. In this study, Li{sub 6.25}Al{sub 0.25}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} (LLZAl), which is a Al-doped Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} (LLZ) with Li{sup +}-ion conductivity of ~10{sup –4} S ⋅cm{sup −1} at room temperature and high stability against lithium-metal, was used as a solid electrolyte, and its pellets with 700 μm depth holes in 700 μm × 700 μm area were fabricated to construct 3D-structured all-solid-state batteries with LiCoO{sub 2}/LLZAl/lithium-metal configuration. It is expected that the LiCoO{sub 2}–LLZAl interface is formed by point-to-point contact even when the LLZAl pellet with 3D hole-array structure is applied. Therefore, Li{sub 3}BO{sub 3}, which is a
Solomon, Jonathan M.; Shamblin, Jacob; Lang, Maik; Navrotsky, Alexandra; Asta, Mark
2016-12-01
Fluorite-structured oxides find widespread use for applications spanning nuclear energy and waste containment, energy conversion, and sensing. In such applications the host tetravalent cation is often partially substituted by trivalent cations, with an associated formation of charge-compensating oxygen vacancies. The stability and properties of such materials are known to be influenced strongly by chemical ordering of the cations and vacancies, and the nature of such ordering and associated energetics are thus of considerable interest. Here we employ density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the structure and energetics of cation and oxygen-vacancy ordering in Ho2Zr2O7. In a recent neutron total scattering study, solid solutions in this system were reported to feature local chemical ordering based on the fluorite-derivative weberite structure. The calculations show a preferred chemical ordering qualitatively consistent with these findings, and yield values for the ordering energy of 9.5 kJ/mol-cation. Similar DFT calculations are applied to additional RE2Th2O7 fluorite compounds, spanning a range of values for the ratio of the tetravalent and trivalent (RE) cation radii. The results demonstrate that weberite-type order becomes destabilized with increasing values of this size ratio, consistent with an increasing energetic preference for the tetravalent cations to have higher oxygen coordination.
Influence of La doping on structural and dielectric properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics
Verma, Maya; Sreenivas, K.; Gupta, Vinay
2009-01-01
Lanthanum doped SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics with the chemical formula SrBi2-xLaxNb2O9 (SBLN) (x =0-0.5) have been prepared through conventional solid state route. X-ray diffraction reveals the shrinkage of unit cell of strontium bismuth niobate with incorporation of La3+ dopant, having no lone pair electrons. Shifting of Raman phonon modes indicates the reduced rattling space of NbO6 octahedra with increase in La doping concentration. Further, the softening of lowest frequency phonon mode with increasing x in SBLN shows the transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric at room temperature. The dielectric properties for all the compositions are studied as a function of temperature (25 to 500 °C) over the frequency range of 10 kHz-1 MHz. With increase in lanthanum doping concentration the phase transition becomes diffused and transition temperature gets shifted toward lower temperature. A phase transition from normal ferroelectric to paraelectric has been observed via relaxor-type ferroelectrics with increase in x. The frequency dependence of transition temperature was studied in terms of Vogel-Fulcher relation for SBLN (x =0.4).
Yb and Er co-doped Y2Ce2O7 nanoparticles: synthesis and ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
much attention due to their potential applications in display .... Figure 1. XRD patterns of Yb3+ and Er3+ co-doped Y2Ce2O7 nanoparticles prepared for 4 h at different sintering .... vels relax to the ground 4I15/2 level (You et al 2012). For.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bhattacharya, A.; Shklover, V.; Wermelinger, T.
2012-01-01
To improve the phase stability of 7YSZ (7 wt%-Y_2O_3-doped ZrO_2), it has been doped with larger (Ca"2"+) and smaller (Ti"4"+ or Ta"5"+) ions. Complementary Raman and XRD studies of these stabilized systems have been performed. The tetragonal symmetry of the Ta"5"+-ion-doped YSZ sample and the Ti"4"+-doped YSZ sample, and the cubic symmetry of Ca"2"+-doped YSZ have been confirmed both by means of XRD and Raman analyses. Raman scattering measurements show shifts of characteristic peaks when the YSZ is doped with Ta"5"+, Ti"4"+ and Ca"2"+ cations. The peak shift increased with increasing dopant concentration in the ZrO_2 lattice. The Ta-doped YSZ sample heat-treated below 1500 C contained some YTaO_4 phase, which was confirmed by means of XRD as well as by Raman spectroscopy. The effect of Ca"2"+ ion doping on the Raman peak shift was much higher than that of Y"3"+ ion doping. In this work it has been highlighted that Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool complementing XRD, for qualitative comparison of the doping effect on the lattice parameters of ZrO_2.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Reyes-Acosta, M.A. [Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA-Altamira, CIAMS (Mexico); Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA-Altamira, Km 14.5 Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, C.P. 89600 Altamira, Tamps. (Mexico); Torres-Huerta, A.M., E-mail: atorresh@ipn.mx [Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA-Altamira, Km 14.5 Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, C.P. 89600 Altamira, Tamps. (Mexico); Domínguez-Crespo, M.A. [Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA-Altamira, Km 14.5 Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, C.P. 89600 Altamira, Tamps. (Mexico); Flores-Vela, A.I. [Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CMP+L, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna, Col. Ticomán, C.P. 07340 México D.F. (Mexico); Dorantes-Rosales, H.J. [Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIQIE, Departamento de Metalurgia, C.P. 07738 México D.F. (Mexico); Ramírez-Meneses, E. [Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Distrito Federal C.P. 01219 (Mexico)
2015-09-15
Highlights: • PMMA/ZrO{sub 2} nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a single screw extruder. • The nanoparticles of m-, t-ZrO{sub 2} were successfully synthesized using sol–gel technique. • The prepared PMMA/ZrO{sub 2} nanocomposites have better UV protection than pure PMMA. • The thermal stability of the PMMA increases with low amount of ZrO{sub 2} nanoparticles. • PMMA/ZrO{sub 2} nanocomposites show superior values of elastic modulus and hardness. - Abstract: In this work, ZrO{sub 2} nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method, treated thermally at different temperatures (400, 600 and 800 °C), and added to a polymer matrix in two different weight percentages (0.5 and 1) by single screw extrusion in order to determine the influence of these parameters on the thermal stability and UV radiation resistance of PMMA/ZrO{sub 2} composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nanoindentation techniques were used to evaluate the structural, morphological, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of as-prepared composites. The average crystallite sizes for ZrO{sub 2} sintered at 600 and 800 °C were about 17 and 26 nm, respectively. It was found that the incorporation of a low percentage of ZrO{sub 2} nanoparticles increased the thermal properties of PMMA as well as its hardness and elastic modulus. The degradation temperature at 10 wt.% loss of the PMMA/ZrO{sub 2} (0.5 wt.%, 400 °C) nanocomposite was approximately 48 °C higher than that of pure PMMA. The absorption in the UV region was increased according to the ZrO{sub 2} heat treatment temperature and amount added to the polymer matrix.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Xia, Min; Yan, Qingzhi; Xu, Lei; Guo, Hongyan; Zhu, Lingxu; Ge, Changchun
2013-01-01
Graphical abstract: La 2 O 3 doped La 2 O 3 /W nanoparticles with high-purity and uniform diameters have been fabricated by a co-precipitation process. The as-prepared nanoparticles demonstrate the potential of this method for fabricating uniformly structured bulk tungsten materials. -- Abstract: We report the preparation of 1 wt% La 2 O 3 doped La 2 O 3 /W nanoparticles by a co-precipitation process, using ammonium metatungstate (AMT) and lanthanum nitrate as raw materials. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Filed-emission scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy. Our results reveal that the as-synthesized particles possess uniform diameters of about 70 nm, and are of high purity. The TEM and the corresponding fast Fourier transform images demonstrated that La 2 O 3 precipitates were homogeneously doped into the nano-sized tungsten particles. When the as-synthesized nanoparticles were sintered by spark plasma sintering, the electron backscatter diffraction images of the bulk material reveal that La 2 O 3 nanoparticles were homogenously distributed in both the tungsten grains and the grain boundaries, and the sample exhibit a narrow micro-hardness distribution
Spectroscopic studies of lutetium pyro-silicates Lu2Si2O7 doped with bismuth and europium
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bretheau-Raynal, Francoise
1981-01-01
Single crystals of thortveitite structure pyro-silicates were grown by a floating zone technique associated with an arc image furnace. The samples were systematically characterized by X-Ray diffraction and microprobe analysis. Thanks to oriented single crystals of Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 , Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 and Sc 2 Si 2 O 7 , the recorded infrared and Raman spectra allow complete attribution of internal and external vibration modes, in good agreement with group theory predictions for C 2h factor group. Spectroscopic studies of Eu 3+ doping ion in Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 confirm C 2 point symmetry for the cationic site. Oscillator strengths and Judd-Ofelt parameters for Eu 3+ were calculated. A three level scheme ( 1 S 0 , 3 P 0 , 3 P 1 ) of Bi 3+ ion is used to explain radiative and non radiative mechanisms in Lu 2 Si 2 O 7 doped with bismuth. Finally, the mechanisms of low temperature (T =9 K) energy transfer between Bi 3+ and Eu 3+ in lutetium pyro-silicate was studied. The transfer occurs by non radiative process, without any diffusion of the excitation energy within the donor system and is due to dipole-dipole interactions between Bi 3+ and Eu 3+ ions. (author) [fr
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Song, Zhaoyu [Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300354 (China); Shi, Xiangpeng [Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300354 (China); Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354 (China); Ning, Hongyan; Liu, Guilong; Zhong, Huixian [Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300354 (China); Liu, Yuan, E-mail: yuanliu@tju.edu.cn [Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300354 (China)
2017-05-31
Highlights: • La{sub 0.95}Ce{sub 0.05}Co{sub 0.7}Cu{sub 0.3}O{sub 3}/ZrO{sub 2} catalyst has showed good activity and high selectivity to ethanol. • After reaction for 1000 h, the catalyst was covered by a membrane-like coating. • Carbon deposition is the main reason for the deactivation of the catalyst. - Abstract: A new scheme was proposed to intensify interactions between copper with cobalt and between Cu−Co with the promoters, namely, the ions of copper, cobalt, lanthanum and cerium were confined into La{sub 0.95}Ce{sub 0.05}Co{sub 0.7}Cu{sub 0.3}O{sub 3} with perovskite structure and were supported on zirconia. The catalyst was prepared by impregnation method and used for ethanol synthesis (ES) from syngas and was characterized by using XRD, TG, BET, XPS, ICP-MS and TEM techniques. La{sub 0.95}Ce{sub 0.05}Co{sub 0.7}Cu{sub 0.3}O{sub 3}/ZrO{sub 2} showed very good catalytic performance with selectivity to total alcohols higher than 60% and selectivity to ethanol about 50% in the total alcohols. After reduction, clusters composed of Cu−Co alloy nanoparticles, ceria and lanthanum oxide was formed and loaded on zirconia. Investigation on the variation of the catalyst structure with reaction time showed that with the reaction going on, the clusters spread over the surface of ZrO{sub 2} and at last, all the clusters fused together to form a membrane loaded on the ZrO{sub 2} and the whole catalyst was covered by a membrane-like coating formed by Co{sub 2}C. The characterization results showed that the carbon deposition was the main reason for the deactivation of La{sub 0.95}Ce{sub 0.05}Co{sub 0.7}Cu{sub 0.3}O{sub 3}/ZrO{sub 2} catalyst. This catalyst design scheme could be extended for preparing a lot of catalyst for many reactions.
Klootwijk, J.H.; Jinesh, K.B.; Wolters, R.A.M.; Roozeboom, F.; Besling, W.
2008-01-01
During atomic layer deposition (ALD) of uniform LayZr1-yOx thin films, spontaneous segregation of ZrO2 nanocrystals takes place that are embedded in an amorphous La2O3 matrix. This occurs if the Zr content in the LayZr1-yOx film is above 30% i.e. if the pulse ratio between the lanthanum precursor
Oxygen nonstoichiometry and defects in Mn-doped Gd2Ti2O7+x
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Porat, O.; Tuller, H.L.
1996-01-01
The oxygen nonstoichiometry in Mn-doped Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 , Gd 2 (Ti 0.975 Mn 0.025 ) 2 O 7+x , was measured electrochemically, as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure, with the aid of an oxygen titration cell. The analysis of the data shows that the defect equilibrium can be described by considering the dominant point defects to be neutral oxygen interstitials, doubly charged oxygen vacancies, and trivalent and quadrivalent Mn ions substituted in the Ti sites. The enthalpies for the formation of neutral oxygen interstitials and trivalent Mn are determined
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ortiz, A.L. [Departamento de Electronica e Ingenieria Electromecanica, Escuela de Ingenierias Industriales, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071 (Spain)]. E-mail: alortiz@unex.es; Diaz-Parralejo, A. [Departamento de Electronica e Ingenieria Electromecanica, Escuela de Ingenierias Industriales, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071 (Spain); Borrero-Lopez, O. [Departamento de Electronica e Ingenieria Electromecanica, Escuela de Ingenierias Industriales, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071 (Spain); Guiberteau, F. [Departamento de Electronica e Ingenieria Electromecanica, Escuela de Ingenierias Industriales, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071 (Spain)
2006-06-30
We investigated the effect of ion nitriding on the crystal structure of 3 mol% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-doped ZrO{sub 2} (3YSZ) thin-films prepared by the sol-gel method. For this purpose, we used X-ray diffractometry to determine the crystalline phases, the lattice parameters, the crystal sizes, and the lattice microstrains, and glow discharge-optical emission spectroscopy to obtain the depth profiles of the elemental chemical composition. We found that nitrogen atoms substitute oxygen atoms in the 3YSZ crystal, thus leading to the formation of unsaturated-substitutional solid solutions with reduced lattice parameters and Zr{sub 0.94}Y{sub 0.06}O{sub 1.72}N{sub 0.17} stoichiometric formula. We also found that ion nitriding does not affect the grain size, but does generate lattice microstrains due to the increase in point defects in the crystalline lattice.
Thompson, J D; McClarty, P A; Prabhakaran, D; Cabrera, I; Guidi, T; Coldea, R
2017-08-04
The frustrated pyrochlore magnet Yb_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7} has the remarkable property that it orders magnetically but has no propagating magnons over wide regions of the Brillouin zone. Here we use inelastic neutron scattering to follow how the spectrum evolves in cubic-axis magnetic fields. At high fields we observe, in addition to dispersive magnons, a two-magnon continuum, which grows in intensity upon reducing the field and overlaps with the one-magnon states at intermediate fields leading to strong renormalization of the dispersion relations, and magnon decays. Using heat capacity measurements we find that the low- and high-field regions are smoothly connected with no sharp phase transition, with the spin gap increasing monotonically in field. Through fits to an extensive data set of dispersion relations combined with magnetization measurements, we reevaluate the spin Hamiltonian, finding dominant quantum exchange terms, which we propose are responsible for the anomalously strong fluctuations and quasiparticle breakdown effects observed at low fields.
Thompson, J. D.; McClarty, P. A.; Prabhakaran, D.; Cabrera, I.; Guidi, T.; Coldea, R.
2017-08-01
The frustrated pyrochlore magnet Yb2 Ti2 O7 has the remarkable property that it orders magnetically but has no propagating magnons over wide regions of the Brillouin zone. Here we use inelastic neutron scattering to follow how the spectrum evolves in cubic-axis magnetic fields. At high fields we observe, in addition to dispersive magnons, a two-magnon continuum, which grows in intensity upon reducing the field and overlaps with the one-magnon states at intermediate fields leading to strong renormalization of the dispersion relations, and magnon decays. Using heat capacity measurements we find that the low- and high-field regions are smoothly connected with no sharp phase transition, with the spin gap increasing monotonically in field. Through fits to an extensive data set of dispersion relations combined with magnetization measurements, we reevaluate the spin Hamiltonian, finding dominant quantum exchange terms, which we propose are responsible for the anomalously strong fluctuations and quasiparticle breakdown effects observed at low fields.
The CaO-TiO2-ZrO2 system at 1,200 degree C and the solubilities of Hf and Gd in zirconolite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Swenson, D.; Nieh, T.G.; Fournelle, J.H.
1995-12-01
In recent years, significant technological advancements have been made in the Synroc scheme for the immobilization high-level nuclear waste. However, many basic scientific issues related to Synroc fabrication have yet to be addressed. The CaO-TiO 2 -ZrO 2 system is an integral part of the Synroc formulation. Phase equilibria are established in the CaO-TiO 2 -ZrO 2 system at 1,200 C, using X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. The existence of two previously reported ternary phases, zirconolite (CaZrTi 2 O 7 ) and calzirtite (Ca 2 Zr 5 Ti 2 O 16 ), is confirmed. Each of these phases exhibits a significant range of homogeneity between TiO 2 and ZrO 2 while maintaining a nearly constant concentration of CaO. The ternary solubilities of the constituent binary phases are found to be negligible, with the exceptions of the perovskites, which display mutual solubility of at least 22 mol.% and may in fact form a series of continuous solid solutions. The solubilities of Hf and Gd in zirconolite are also investigated. While Hf-bearing samples did not reach thermodynamic equilibrium under the experimental conditions employed, the existence of a Hf analog to zirconolite, CaHfTi 2 O 7 , is conclusively demonstrated. The phase is stable at the stoichiometric composition, and its lattice parameters are very close to those reported in the literature for stoichiometric zirconolite. A Gd-bearing sample of the composition Ca 0.88 Zr 0.88 Gd 9.24 Ti 2 O 7 is found to be essentially single phase zirconolite, in agreement with previous investigations at higher temperatures
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bestgen, H.; Chaim, R.; Heuer, A.H.
1988-01-01
Tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO/sub 2/) grains in an annealed ZrO/sub 2/-8 wt% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ alloy transformed to orthorhombic (o) or mono-clinic (m) symmetry by stresses induced by localized electron beam heating in the transmission electron microscope. Different transformation mechanisms were observed, depending on foil thickness and orientation of individual grains. In thicker grains (≥150 nm), the transformation proceeded by a burst-like growth of m laths, and this is believed to approximate bulk behavior. In thinner grains near the edge of the foil, usually those with a [100]/sub t/ orientation perpendicular to the thin-foil surface, continuous growth of an o or m phase with an antiphase-boundary-containing microstructure was observed. The o phase is believed to be a high-pressure polymorph of ZrO/sub 2/, which forms (paradoxically) as a thin-foil artifact because it is less dense than t-ZrO/sub 2/, but more dense than m-ZrO/sub 2/. In some very thin grains, the t → m transformation was thermoelastic. Furthermore, a mottled structure often occurred just before the t → m or t → o transformation, which is attributed to surface transformation. Aside from the lath formation, the observed transformation modes are a result of the reduced constraints in thin foils
Vladislavova, Liliya; Kracker, Michael; Zscheckel, Tilman; Thieme, Christian; Rüssel, Christian
2018-04-01
The effect of different nucleation agents such as ZrO2 and TiO2 was investigated for a first time with respect to their crystallisation behaviour in the glass system BaO-SrO-ZnO-SiO2. In all studied glasses, a Ba1-xSrxZn2Si2O7 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) solid solution crystallized. This phase was first described in 2015 to possess a similar structure as the high temperature phase of BaZn2Si2O7 and a thermal expansion close to zero or even negative. It may find applications e.g. as cook panels, telescope mirrors, and furnace windows. Kinetic parameters of the crystallisation process were determined by supplying different heating rates in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results were evaluated using the equations of Ozawa and Kissinger with respect to the activation energies. Furthermore, the Ozawa method was used for the determination of Avrami parameters, which provides further information on the nucleation and crystallisation processes. Scanning electron microscopy including electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterise the microstructure, to determine the crystallite size and the crystal orientation. For the characterisation of the occurring crystalline phases, X-ray diffraction was used.
Catalytic Oxidation of Soot on a Novel Active Ca-Co Dually-Doped Lanthanum Tin Pyrochlore Oxide
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lijie Ai
2018-04-01
Full Text Available A novel active Ca-Co dually-doping pyrochlore oxide La2−xCaxSn2−yCoyO7 catalyst was synthesized by the sol-gel method for catalytic oxidation of soot particulates. The microstructure, atomic valence, reduction, and adsorption performance were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscope (SEM, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, H2-TPR (temperature-programmed reduction, and in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transformed (DRIFTS techniques. Temperature programmed oxidation (TPO tests were performed with the mixture of soot-catalyst under tight contact conditions to evaluate the catalytic activity for soot combustion. Synergetic effect between Ca and Co improved the structure and redox properties of the solids, increased the surface oxygen vacancies, and provided a suitable electropositivity for oxide, directly resulting in the decreased ignition temperature for catalyzed soot oxidation as low as 317 °C. The presence of NO in O2 further promoted soot oxidation over the catalysts with the ignition temperature decreased to about 300 °C. The DRIFTS results reveal that decomposition of less stable surface nitrites may account for NO2 formation in the ignition period of soot combustion, which thus participate in the auxiliary combustion process.
Pan, Yonghe; Gao, Yan; Kong, Dandan; Wang, Guodong; Hou, Jianbo; Hu, Shanwei; Pan, Haibin; Zhu, Junfa
2012-04-10
The model catalysts of ZrO(2)-supported Au nanoparticles have been prepared by deposition of Au atoms onto the surfaces of thin ZrO(2) films with different morphologies. The adsorption and thermal stability of Au nanoparticles on thin ZrO(2) films have been investigated using synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thin ZrO(2) films were prepared by two different methods, giving rise to different morphologies. The first method utilized wet chemical impregnation to synthesize the thin ZrO(2) film through the procedure of first spin-coating a zirconium ethoxide (Zr(OC(2)H(5))(4)) precursor onto a SiO(2)/Si(100) substrate at room temperature followed by calcination at 773 K for 12 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations indicate that highly porous "sponge-like nanostructures" were obtained in this case. The second method was epitaxial growth of a ZrO(2)(111) film through vacuum evaporation of Zr metal onto Pt(111) in 1 × 10(-6) Torr of oxygen at 550 K followed by annealing at 1000 K. The structural analysis with low energy electron diffraction (LEED) of this film exhibits good long-range ordering. It has been found that Au forms smaller particles on the porous ZrO(2) film as compared to those on the ordered ZrO(2)(111) film at a given coverage. Thermal annealing experiments demonstrate that Au particles are more thermally stable on the porous ZrO(2) surface than on the ZrO(2)(111) surface, although on both surfaces, Au particles experience significant sintering at elevated temperatures. In addition, by annealing the surfaces to 1100 K, Au particles desorb completely from ZrO(2)(111) but not from porous ZrO(2). The enhanced thermal stability for Au on porous ZrO(2) can be attributed to the stronger interaction of the adsorbed Au with the defects and the hindered migration or coalescence resulting from the porous structures. © 2012 American Chemical Society
Electronic structure of layered ferroelectric high-k titanate La2Ti2O7
Atuchin, V. V.; Gavrilova, T. A.; Grivel, J.-C.; Kesler, V. G.
2009-02-01
The electronic structure of binary titanate La2Ti2O7 has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Spectral features of valence band and all constituent element core levels have been considered. The Auger parameters of titanium and oxygen in La2Ti2O7 are determined as αTi = 872.4 and αO = 1042.3 eV. Chemical bonding effects have been discussed with binding energy (BE) differences ΔTi = (BE O 1s - BE Ti 2p3/2) = 71.6 eV and ΔLa = (BE La 3d5/2 - BE O 1s) = 304.7 eV as key parameters in comparison with those in several titanium- and lanthanum-bearing oxides.
Electronic structure of layered ferroelectric high-k titanate La2Ti2O7
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Atuchin, V V; Gavrilova, T A; Grivel, J-C; Kesler, V G
2009-01-01
The electronic structure of binary titanate La 2 Ti 2 O 7 has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Spectral features of valence band and all constituent element core levels have been considered. The Auger parameters of titanium and oxygen in La 2 Ti 2 O 7 are determined as α Ti = 872.4 and α O = 1042.3 eV. Chemical bonding effects have been discussed with binding energy (BE) differences Δ Ti = (BE O 1s - BE Ti 2p 3/2 ) = 71.6 eV and Δ La = (BE La 3d 5/2 - BE O 1s) = 304.7 eV as key parameters in comparison with those in several titanium- and lanthanum-bearing oxides.
Reactive spark plasma synthesis of CaZrTi2O7 zirconolite ceramics for plutonium disposition
Sun, Shi-Kuan; Stennett, Martin C.; Corkhill, Claire L.; Hyatt, Neil C.
2018-03-01
Near single phase zirconolite ceramics, prototypically CaZrTi2O7, were fabricated by reactive spark plasma sintering (RSPS), from commercially available CaTiO3, ZrO2 and TiO2 reagents, after processing at 1200 °C for only 1 h. Ceramics were of theoretical density and formed with a controlled mean grain size of 1.9 ± 0.6 μm. The reducing conditions of RSPS afforded the presence of paramagnetic Ti3+, as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for RSPS to be a disruptive technology for disposition of surplus separated plutonium stockpiles in ceramic wasteforms, given its inherent advantage of near net shape products and rapid throughput.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liu, Dandan; Wu, Zhansheng, E-mail: wuzhans@126.com; Tian, Fei; Ye, Bang-Ce; Tong, Yanbin, E-mail: tongyanbin@sina.com
2016-08-15
La and N co-doped TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles supported on activated carbon (TiO{sub 2}/AC) were synthesized through a microwave-assisted sol–gel method for the synergistic removal of naphthalene solution by photocatalytic degradation. Results showed that the La and N ions were incorporated into the TiO{sub 2} framework in both the anatase and rutile phases of TiO{sub 2} for single doped and co-doped samples, which narrowed the band gap of TiO{sub 2} from 2.82 to 2.20 eV. The PL spectra of the samples showed a decrease in the recombination centers when N and La were introduced in TiO{sub 2}/AC. The 0.001La-N-TiO{sub 2}/AC photocatalyst exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 93.5% for naphthalene under visible light within 120 min. This result was attributed to a synergistic effect involving the efficient inhibition of the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, the increase in surface hydroxyl, surface area, volume pores, and the increase of uptake in the visible light region. In addition, the high apparent rate constant indicated that La and N co-doping result in the increase of photoactivity. This study demonstrated the co-doped TiO{sub 2}/AC is a highly efficient photocatalyst for the removal of naphthalene. The results provided valuable information on the mechanism of naphthalene decomposition. - Highlights: • N, La codoped TiO{sub 2}/AC catalysts were synthesized by microwave-assisted. • N and La doping inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. • 0.001La-N-TiO{sub 2}/AC obtains photodegradation efficiency of 93.5% for naphthalene. • The photocatalysts possess good photochemical stability and reusability.
Dehydration of Sugar Mixture to HMF and Furfural over SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 Catalyst
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Junhua Zhang
2014-05-01
Full Text Available A series of sulfated zirconia-titanium dioxide (SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 catalysts with different Zr-Ti molar ratios were prepared by a precipitation and impregnation method and characterized by ammonia adsorption/ temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD, X-ray diffraction (XRD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS techniques. The catalysts were used in the catalytic conversion of a sugar mixture (glucose and xylose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural in a water/n-butanol reaction system. An optimized yield of 26.0 mol% for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 47.5 mol% for furfural was obtained within 2 h at 170 °C over the SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst with a Zr-Al molar ratio of 7:3. Catalysts with higher acidity and moderate basicity were more favorable for the formation of the target product.
Diffraction and spectroscopic study of pyrochlores Bi{sub 2−x}Fe{sub 1+x}SbO{sub 7}
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhou, Qingdi; Blanchard, Peter E.R. [School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Kennedy, Brendan J., E-mail: kennedyb@chem.usyd.edu.au [School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Ling, Chris D.; Liu, Samuel [School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Avdeev, Max [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234 (Australia); Aitken, Jade B. [Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168 (Australia); Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Tadich, Anton; Brand, Helen E.A. [Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168 (Australia)
2014-03-15
Highlights: • Fe rich pyrochlores of the type Bi{sub 2−x}Fe{sub 1+x}SbO{sub 7} were prepared by solid state methods. • Structures determined using a combination of neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. • Fe partially occupies the 8-coordinate site. • Dispacive disorder of the Bi cations observed as a consequence of the 6s{sup 2} electrons. • Non-Vegard behaviour seen at low Fe contents due to disorder. -- Abstract: The structural and electronic properties of the series Bi{sub 2−x}Fe{sub 1+x}SbO{sub 7} (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.6) were investigated using a combination of diffraction and spectroscopy. Synchrotron and neutron diffraction analysis show that Fe{sup 3+} cations substitute for Bi{sup 3+} onto the A site with increasing x, which was further confirmed by analysis of the Fe K/L-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectra. The diffraction analysis indicated the presence of displacive disorder along the A{sub 2}O chains, likely the result of the Bi{sup 3+} 6s{sup 2} lone pair, as well as non-Vegard-like behaviour of the lattice parameters in the Fe-poor region. Fe K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine-structure analysis of Bi{sub 2}FeSbO{sub 7} confirmed the displacive disorder of the Bi{sup 3+} cations as well as Sb{sup 5+} and Fe{sup 3+} disorder on the B site.
Nanoindentation of ZrO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2}/Zr systems by molecular dynamics simulation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lu, Zizhe; Chernatynskiy, Aleksandr; Noordhoek, Mark J.; Sinnott, Susan B.; Phillpot, Simon R., E-mail: sphil@mse.ufl.edu
2017-04-01
The deformation behaviors of cubic zirconia and a cubic zirconia thin film on top of an hcp zirconium substrate are investigated using molecular dynamics nanoindentation simulation. Interatomic interactions are described by the previously developed Charge Optimized Many Body (COMB) potential for the Zr-ZrO{sub 2}-O{sub 2} system. The load-displacement curves, deformation processes and hardnesses of zirconia and the zirconia/zirconium systems are characterized. In addition, by comparing with a previous nanoindentation simulation on zirconium, the effects of the zirconia layer on top on the mechanical properties of the zirconium substrate are determined.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Rivera M, T. [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Deparatmento de Fisica, 09340 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Azorin N, J. [CICATA-IPN, 11500 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Falcony G, C. [CINVESTAV-IPN, Departamento de Fisica, 07300 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Martinez, E.; Garcia, M. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, 04510 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)
1999-07-01
The main source of ultraviolet light (UV) to whom is exposed the population is the one coming from the Sun, although exist some artificial sources too. The UV light can be classified in UV A (315-400)nm, in UV B (180-315) nm and UV C (100-180) nm. In this work are presented the results studying in the thermoluminescent characteristics of ZrO{sub 2}: Mn for the UV dosimetry. The studied dosimetric characteristics were: concentration effect of the doping material, erased thermal treatment, posterior thermal treatment to the irradiation, Tl curve, response in function to the wavelength, response in function to the dose and reproducibility. Finally, presenting results highly promisers for the UV light dosimetry. (Author)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lee, R.R.; Heuer, A.H.
1988-01-01
The stress-induced martensitic transformation of t-ZrO/sub 2/ precipitates in a ternary MgO-Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO/sub 2/ alloy has been studied in situ in the transmission electron microscope. The transformation occurs autocatalytically and takes place by piecewise growth of two twin-related m-ZrO/sub 2/ variants. Unloading causes retransformation of partially transformed precipitates, but this reverse (m → t) transformation of fully transformed precipitates only occurs on heating. The martensitic transformation in this system is clearly thermoeleastic
Rapid rate sintering of nanocrystalline ZrO2-3 mol% Y2O3
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chen, D.J.; Mayo, M.J.
1996-01-01
Conventional ramp-and-hold sintering with a wide range of heating rates was conducted on submicrometer and nanocrystalline ZrO 2 -3 mol% Y 2 O 3 powder compacts. Although rapid heating rates have been reported to produce high density/fine grain size products for many submicrometer and smaller starting powders, the application of this technique to ZrO 2 -3 mol% Y 2 O 3 produced mixed results. In the case of submicrometer ZrO 2 -3 mol% Y 2 O 3 , neither densification nor grain growth was affected by the heating rate used. In the case of nanocrystalline ZrO 2 -3 mol% Y 2 O 3 , fast heating rates severely retarded densification and had a minimal effect on grain growth. The large adverse effect of fast heating rates on the densification of the nanocrystalline powder was traced to a thermal gradient/differential densification effect. Microstructural evidence suggests that the rate of densification greatly exceeded the rate of heat transfer in this material; consequently, the sample interior was not able to densify before being geometrically constrained by a fully dense shell which formed at the sample exterior. This finding implies that rapid rate sintering will meet severe practical constraints in the manufacture of bulk nanocrystalline ZrO 2 -3 mol% Y 2 O 3 specimens
Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of CeO2/ZrO2-SO42- mixed oxides
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hernandez E, J. M.; Silva R, R.; Garcia A, R.; Garcia S, L. A.; Handy, B. E.; Cardenas G, G.; Cueto H, A.
2012-01-01
Environmentally friendly solid-acid catalysts CeO 2 /ZrO 2 -SO 4 2- were prepared by the sol gel method varying CeO 2 content (10, 20 and 30 wt %) and using sulfation in situ, maintaining the sulfate ions amount present in the materials at 20 wt %. ZrO 2 and ZrO 2 -SO 4 2- were also prepared for comparison proposes using the same synthesis method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, potentiometric titration with n-butylamine, decomposition of 2-propanol and n-pentane isomerization. The specific surface area of ZrO 2 -SO 4 2- was high (160 m 2 /g) compared with the unmodified ZrO 2 (80 m 2 /g), however this area decreased with increasing the CeO 2 content (37-100 m 2 /g). There was no significant effect of CeO 2 on the tetragonal structure of ZrO 2 -SO 4 2- . The variation of acid sites amount runs parallel to the change of specific surface area. The acid sites amount decreased with increasing cerium oxide content. The decomposition of 2-propanol results fundamentally in the formation of dehydration products such as propylene and diisopropyl ether, both involving acid sites. In addition, a good performance during the n-pentane isomerization was observed for these materials. The selectivity towards isopentane reaches 84% when the Pt/CeO 2 /ZrO 2 -SO 4 2- catalyst with the highest CeO 2 content was used. (Author)
Zhirenkina, Nina V.; Mashkovtsev, Maxim A.; Bereskina, Polina A.; Zakirov, Ilsur F.; Baksheev, Evgenie O.; Bujnachev, Sergey V.; Vereshchagin, Artem O.
2017-09-01
In this study, the effect of preliminary hydrolysis of zirconyl oxysulfate on the properties of ZrO2-7 % Y2O3 powders prepared by hydroxides precipitation at a constant pH of 5 was studied. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the monophasic nature of the samples and the insignificant difference between CSR (coherent scattering regions). Samples differed in particle size distribution, porosity and morphology.
Refractories in the Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Banerjee, S.P.; Bhadra, A.K.; Sircar, N.R.
1978-01-01
The effect of addition of ZrO 2 in different proportions in the refractories of the Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system was studied. The investigation was confined to two broad ranges of compositions incorporating zirconia (15-30 percent and 80-85 percent) in the Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 -SiO 2 system. The overall attainment of properties is dependent upon the mode of fabrication and firing, and bears a relationship with the phase assemblages and the relative proportion thereof. Of the different characteristics, the trend of dissociation of zircon has been found to be specially significant vis-a-vis the temperature of firing and thermal shock resistance. Reassociation of the dissociated products has been ascribed to bring forth improved resistance to thermal spalling. The different products developed during this investigation are considered to be very promising which find useful applications in view of the properties attained by them. (auth.)
Zhu, Zhi-Xiang; Ruangchalermwong, C.; Li, Jing-Feng
2008-09-01
Tetragonal Nb-doped Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 (PNZT) films with a lead oxide seeding layer were deposited on the Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by sol-gel processing. The as-grown PNZT films with thicknesses ranging from about 0.08 to 0.78 μm show highly a-axis preferential orientation, and their ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties improved with increasing film thickness. Due to the combined effects of Nb doping and a-axis texturing as well as reduced substrate constraint, a high d33 constant up to 196 pm/V was obtained for PNZT film at 0.78 μm in addition to a large remnant polarization of 69 μC/cm2. This well a-axis-oriented PNZT films on platinized Si with a high piezoresponse are suitable for the fabrication of microelectromechanical devices.
Synthesis of nano-scale fast ion conducting cubic Li7La3Zr2O12.
Sakamoto, Jeff; Rangasamy, Ezhiylmurugan; Kim, Hyunjoung; Kim, Yunsung; Wolfenstine, Jeff
2013-10-25
A solution-based process was investigated for synthesizing cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), which is known to exhibit the unprecedented combination of fast ionic conductivity, and stability in air and against Li. Sol-gel chemistry was developed to prepare solid metal-oxide networks consisting of 10 nm cross-links that formed the cubic LLZO phase at 600 ° C. Sol-gel LLZO powders were sintered into 96% dense pellets using an induction hot press that applied pressure while heating. After sintering, the average LLZO grain size was 260 nm, which is 13 times smaller compared to LLZO prepared using a solid-state technique. The total ionic conductivity was 0.4 mS cm(-1) at 298 K, which is the same as solid-state synthesized LLZO. Interestingly, despite the same room temperature conductivity, the sol-gel LLZO total activation energy is 0.41 eV, which 1.6 times higher than that observed in solid-state LLZO (0.26 eV). We believe the nano-scale grain boundaries give rise to unique transport phenomena that are more sensitive to temperature when compared to the conventional solid-state LLZO.
Gautam, Bibek; Sebastian, Mary Ann; Chen, Shihong; Shi, Jack; Haugan, Timothy; Xing, Zhongwen; Zhang, Wenrui; Huang, Jijie; Wang, Haiyan; Osofsky, Mike; Prestigiacomo, Joseph; Wu, Judy Z.
2017-07-01
An elastic strain model was applied to evaluate the rigidity of the c-axis aligned one-dimensional artificial pinning centers (1D-APCs) in YBa2Cu3O7-δ matrix films. Higher rigidity was predicted for BaZrO3 1D-APCs than that of the BaHfO3 1D-APCs. This suggests a secondary APC doping of Y2O3 in the 1D-APC/YBa2Cu3O7-δ nanocomposite films would generate a stronger perturbation to the c-axis alignment of the BaHfO3 1D-APCs and therefore a more isotropic magnetic vortex pinning landscape. In order to experimentally confirm this, we have made a comparative study of the critical current density Jc (H, θ, T) of 2 vol.% BaZrO3 + 3 vol.%Y2O3 and 2 vol.%BaHfO3 + 3 vol.%Y2O3 double-doped (DD) YBa2Cu3O7-δ films deposited at their optimal growth conditions. A much enhanced isotropic pinning was observed in the BaHfO3 DD samples. For example, at 65 K and 9.0 T, the variation of the Jc across the entire θ range from θ=0 (H//c) to θ=90 degree (H//ab) is less than 18% for BaHfO3 DD films, in contrast to about 100% for the BaZrO3 DD counterpart. In addition, lower α values from the Jc(H) ˜ H-α fitting were observed in the BaHfO3 DD films in a large θ range away from the H//c-axis. Since the two samples have comparable Jc values at H//c-axis, the improved isotropic pinning in BaHfO3 DD films confirms the theoretically predicted higher tunability of the BaHfO3 1D-APCs in APC/YBa2Cu3O7-δ nanocomposite films.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chen, Xi [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); Liu, Yutang [Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082 (China); Xia, Xinnian, E-mail: xnxia@hnu.edu.cn [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); Wang, Longlu [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China)
2017-06-15
Highlights: • Popcorn balls-like microsphere photocatalyst. • High photocatalytic activity toward 2,4-DNP degradation. • Degradation kinetics, mechanism, active species were analyzed. • Excellent stable recycling performance. - Abstract: In this paper, novel popcorn balls-like ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}-ZrO{sub 2} composite microspheres were successfully fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology, structure and optical property of the microspheres were characterized. The microspheres were used as the photocatalysts to degrade 2,4-dinitrophenol, and exhibited superior photocatalytic performance. Under simulated solar visible light irradiation, the degradation rate of ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}-ZrO{sub 2} photocatalyst (mass ratio of ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZrO{sub 2} = 2:1) was almost 7.4 and 2.4 times higher than those of pure ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and ZrO{sub 2}. The enhancement could attribute to stronger light absorption, lower carrier recombination and multi-porous structure of the microspheres. Moreover, the popcorn balls-like photocatalysts can be easily separated, because of the magnetism of the samples. After five times runs, the photocatalyst still showed 90% of its photocatalytic degradation efficiency. This work demonstrated a good prospect for removing organic pollutants in water.
Physico-Chemical and Catalytic Properties of Mesoporous CuO-ZrO2 Catalysts
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sulaiman N. Basahel
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Mesoporous CuO-ZrO2 catalysts were prepared and calcined at 500 °C. The performance of the synthesized catalysts for benzylation of benzene using benzyl chloride was studied. The bare support (macroporous ZrO2 offered 45% benzyl chloride conversion after reaction time of 10 h at 75 °C. Significant increase in benzyl chloride conversion (98% was observed after CuO loading (10 wt. % on porous ZrO2 support. The conversion was decreased to 80% with increase of CuO loading to 20 wt. %. Different characterization techniques (XRD, Raman, diffuse reflectance UV-vis, N2-physisorption, H2-TPR, XPS and acidity measurements were used to evaluate physico-chemical properties of CuO-ZrO2 catalysts; the results showed that the surface and structural characteristics of the ZrO2 phase as well as the interaction between CuO-ZrO2 species depend strongly on the CuO content. The results also indicated that ZrO2 support was comprised of monoclinic and tetragonal phases with macropores. An increase of the volume of monoclinic ZrO2 phase was observed after impregnation of 10 wt. % of CuO; however, stabilization of tetragonal ZrO2 phase was noticed after loading of 20 wt. % CuO. The presence of low-angle XRD peaks indicates that mesoscopic order is preserved in the calcined CuO-ZrO2 catalysts. XRD reflections due to CuO phase were not observed in case of 10 wt. % CuO supported ZrO2 sample; in contrast, the presence of crystalline CuO phase was observed in 20 wt. % CuO supported ZrO2 sample. The mesoporous 10 wt. % CuO supported ZrO2 catalyst showed stable catalytic activity for several reaction cycles. The observed high catalytic activity of this catalyst could be attributed to the presence of a higher number of dispersed interactive CuO (Cu2+-O-Zr4+ species, easy reducibility, and greater degree of accessible surface Lewis acid sites.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chu, Hsueh-Liang; Hwang, Weng-Sing; Wang, Cheng-Li; Wang, Moo-Chin; Lee, Kuen-Chan; Huang, Hong-Hsin; Lee, Huey-Er
2014-01-01
Highlights: • The precursor powders contained about 68.3 wt% ZrO 2 , which corresponds to ZrO 2 ·1/8 H 2 O. • The exothermic peak temperature of tetragonal ZrO 2 formation occurred at 1014 K. • The activation energy of ZrO 2 –10%SiO 2 precursors crystallization is 993.7 kJ/mol. • Only the tetragonal ZrO 2 formed when the precursor calcined at 1173–1373 K for 2 h. • As calcined at 1473 K for 2 h, tetragonal ZrO 2 fully converted to monoclinic ZrO 2 . - Abstract: Thermal behavior and phase transformation of ZrO 2 –10%SiO 2 precursor powder prepared by a co-precipitation route without adding stability agent has been studied using different thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), nano beam electron diffraction (NBED), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The TG results show that four weight loss regions were from 298 to 443 K, 443 to 743 K, 743 to 793 K and 793 to 1400 K. The DTA result shows that the ZrO 2 freeze-dried precursor powders crystallization at 1014 K. The activation energy of 993.7 kJ/mol was obtained for tetragonal ZrO 2 crystallization using a non-isothermal process. The XRD result shows that only a single phase of tetragonal ZrO 2 appears when the freeze-dried precursor powders after calcination between 1173 and 1373 K for 2 h. Moreover, when calcined at 1473 K for 2 h, the phase transformation from tetragonal ZrO 2 fully converted to monoclinic ZrO 2 occurred
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Martinez-Fernandez, J.; Jimenez-Melendo, M.; Dominguez-Rodriguez, A.
1995-01-01
The microstructure and morphology of tetragonal precipitates (t-ZrO 2 ) in yttria partially-stabilized zirconia single crystals containing various amounts of Y 2 O 3 (3, 4, 4.7 and 5.8 mol%) have been studied as a function of aging time at 1,600 C in air. The precipitate size and volume fraction of t-ZrO 2 phase were determined using transmission electron microscopy. The evolution of the precipitate volume fraction with aging time indicated that the precipitation reaction was completed after 24 h of annealing, in agreement with the values of the Y 2 O 3 composition in the matrix measured by analytical electron microscopy. Further aging coarsened the precipitates which joined together forming fiber-like particles of several micrometers in length and remaining untransformed despite their large size. The stability of the t-ZrO 2 precipitates against the tetragonal to monoclinic transformation in the ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 system seems to be related to interactions between precipitates due to coherency stresses rather than with their morphological characteristics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Xin Yanjun; Liu Huiling
2011-01-01
TiO 2 photoelectrodes with various nanostructures have been successfully prepared by the anodization method. The morphology, microstructure and optical properties of as-prepared photoelectrodes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet/visible light diffuse reflectance spectra (UV/vis/DRS), surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) and photocurrent. The electronic structure and optical properties of La doped/undoped TiO 2 photoelectrodes with different crystal structures were calculated by the density function theory. The photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic activities of as-prepared photoelectrodes were evaluated. The results showed that the anodization potentials played a crucial role in the surface morphology and microstructure. Both results of theoretical calculations and experimental tests demonstrated that La-doped photoelectrodes were more sensitive to light than undoped one. The difference of photoelectrodes performance was ascribed to the crystal configuration, impurity energy levels and long-range orientation moving of photogenerated carriers. - Graphical abstract: Photophysical chemistry processes in as-prepared TiO 2 photoelectrodes. Overall scheme of TiO 2 photoelectrodes: (A) movement of photoelectrons and holes without bias potentials; (B) movement of photoelectrons and holes at applied bias potentials; (a) and (b) were the transmission of photogenerated electrons and holes of local enlargement of (A) (black open circle): (a) photoelectrons movement in P-TiO 2 photoelectrodes and La-TiO 2 photoelectrodes, the red dot line denotes the top of valence band (VB) and the bottom of conduction band (CB) of pure photoelectrodes; (b) photoelectrons movement in P-160 and La-160 TiO 2 photoelectrodes (mixed crystal phase). The number refers to as follows: (1) transmission process of photoelectrons and holes; (2) recombination process of photoelectrons and holes. Arrows represent the moving direction of
Improving iron-enriched basalt with additions of ZrO2 and TiO2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Reimann, G.A.; Kong, P.C.
1993-06-01
The iron-enriched basalt (IEB) waste form, developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory a decade ago, was modified to IEB4 by adding sufficient ZrO 2 and TiO 2 to develop crystals of zirconolite upon cooling, in addition to the crystals that normally form in a cooling basalt. Zirconolite (CaZrTi 2 O 7 ) is an extremely leach-resistant mineral with a strong affinity for actinides. Zirconolite crystals containing uranium and thorium have been found that have endured more than 2 billion years of natural processes. On this basis, zirconolite was considered to be an ideal host crystal for the actinides contained in transuranic (TRU)-contaminated wastes. Crystals of zirconolite were developed in laboratory melts of IEB4 that contained 5% each of ZrO 2 and TiO 2 and that were slow-cooled in the 1200--1000 degrees C range. When actinide surrogates were added to IEB4, these oxides were incorporated into the crystals of zirconolite rather than precipitating in the residual glass phase. Zirconolite crystals developed in IEB4 should stabilize and immobilize the dilute TRUs in heterogeneous, buried low-level wastes as effectively as this same phase does in the various formulations of Synroc used for the more concentrated TRUs encountered in high-level wastes. Synroc requires hot-pressing equipment, while IEB4 precipitates zirconolite from a cooling basaltic melt
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang Xiandong.
1993-01-01
This thesis concerns the preparation and characterization of cuprate based high-T c superconductors (Y-123 and Bi-2223) and especially development and testing of BaZrO 3 based materials. The formation of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y (Y-123) by a CO 2 -free route involving reaction sintering of stoichiometric mixtures of chemically prepared fine powders of Y 2 BaCuO 5 , BaCuO 2 and CuO have been studied by thermal and XRD analysis. The synthesis and sintering of BaZrO 3 powders prepared by the hydroxide-alkoxide-methanol sol-gel route have been studied. The phase relations in the system BaO-Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 have been studied to determine the solid solubility limits for the perovskite phase Ba X Y Y Zr Z O N (X+X+Z=3) at 1500 deg. C. In the binary system Y 2 O 3 -BaZrO 3 the solubility limit was found to be ≅19 mol% Y 2 O 3 , i.e. Ba 0.81 Y 0. 4 2 Zr 0.81 O 3 . along the joint BaYO 2.5 -Ba the boundary was determined to be at BaY 0.21 Zr 0 . 79 O 2.895 . evidence for a new solid solution series between Ba 3 Y 4 O 9 and ZrO 2 are given, and a partial 1500 deg. C phase diagram for the ternary system BaO-Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 is presented. The growth of BaZrO 3 single crystals have been attempted both by a laser zone floating technique and flux methods. The compatibility between YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 -X and BaZrO 3 , Ba X Y Y Zr Z O 3-δ as well as BaHfO 3 have been studied at 950 deg. and 1050 deg. C. The results show the four most promising candidates as support materials for fabrication of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y to be BaHfO 3 , BaY 0.05 Zr 0.95 O 2.975 , , BaZrO 3 and BaY 0.1 Zr 0.9 O 2.95 . (EG)
Ilyukhinite (H3O,Na)14Ca6Mn2Zr3Si26O72(OH)2 • 3H2O, a New Mineral of the Eudialyte Group
Chukanov, N. V.; Rastsvetaeva, R. K.; Rozenberg, K. A.; Aksenov, S. M.; Pekov, I. V.; Belakovsky, D. I.; Kristiansen, R.; Van, K. V.
2017-12-01
A new eudialyte-group mineral, ilyukhinite, ideally (H3O,Na)14Ca6Mn2Zr3Si26O72(OH)2 · 3H2O, has been found in peralkaline pegmatite at Mt. Kukisvumchorr, Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. It occurs as brownish orange, with vitreous luster anhedral grains up to 1 mm across in hydrothermally altered peralkaline rock, in association with aegirine, murmanite, albite, microcline, rhabdophane-(Ce), fluorite, sphalerite and molybdenite. The Mohs hardness is 5; cleavage is not observed. D meas 2.67(2), D calc 2.703 g/cm3. Ilyukhinite is optically uniaxial (-): ω = 1.585(2), ɛ = 1.584(2). The IR spectrum is given. The average chemical composition of ilyukhinite (wt %; electron microprobe, ranges given in parentheses; H2O determined by gas chromatography) is as follows: 3.07 (3.63-4.43) Na2O, 0.32 (0.28-0.52) K2O, 10.63 (10.26-10.90) CaO, 3.06 (2.74-3.22) MnO, 1.15 (0.93-1.37) FeO, 0.79 (0.51-0.89) La2O3, 1.21 (0.97-1.44) Ce2O3, 0.41 (0.30-0.56) Nd2O3, 0.90 (0.77-1.12) TiO2, 10.94 (10.15-11.21) ZrO2, 1.40 (0.76-1.68) Nb2O5, 51.24 (49.98-52.28) SiO2, 1.14 (0.89-1.37) SO3, 0.27 (0.19—0.38) Cl, 10.9(5 )H2O,-0.06-O = C1, total is 98.27. The empirical formula is H36.04(Na3.82K0.20)(Ca5.65Ce0.22La0.14Nd0.07)(Mn1.285Fe0.48)(Zr2.645Ti0.34)Nb0.31Si25.41S0.42Cl0.23O86.82. The crystal structure has been solved ( R = 0.046). Ilyukhinite is trigonal, R3 m; a = 14.1695(6) Å, b = 31.026(1) Å, V = 5394.7(7) Å3, Z = 3. The strongest XRD reflections [ d, Å (I, %) ( hkl)] are 11.44 (82) (101), 7.09 (70) (110), 6.02 (44) (021), 4.371 (89) 205), 3.805 (47) (303, 033), 3.376 (41) (131), 2.985 (100) (315, 128), 2.852 (92) (404). Ilyukhinite was named in memory of Vladimir V. Ilyukhin (1934-1982), an outstanding Soviet crystallographer. The type specimen of ilyukhinite has been deposited in the collection of the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway.
Intermediate magnetization state and competing orders in Dy2Ti2O7 and Ho2Ti2O7
Borzi, R. A.; Gómez Albarracín, F. A.; Rosales, H. D.; Rossini, G. L.; Steppke, A.; Prabhakaran, D.; Mackenzie, A. P.; Cabra, D. C.; Grigera, S. A.
2016-01-01
Among the frustrated magnetic materials, spin-ice stands out as a particularly interesting system. Residual entropy, freezing and glassiness, Kasteleyn transitions and fractionalization of excitations in three dimensions all stem from a simple classical Hamiltonian. But is the usual spin-ice Hamiltonian a correct description of the experimental systems? Here we address this issue by measuring magnetic susceptibility in the two most studied spin-ice compounds, Dy2Ti2O7 and Ho2Ti2O7, using a vector magnet. Using these results, and guided by a theoretical analysis of possible distortions to the pyrochlore lattice, we construct an effective Hamiltonian and explore it using Monte Carlo simulations. We show how this Hamiltonian reproduces the experimental results, including the formation of a phase of intermediate polarization, and gives important information about the possible ground state of real spin-ice systems. Our work suggests an unusual situation in which distortions might contribute to the preservation rather than relief of the effects of frustration. PMID:27558021
Valence electron structure and properties of the ZrO2
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
2008-01-01
To reveal the properties of ZrO2 at the atom and electron levels, the valence elec- tron structures of three ZrO2 phases were analyzed on the basis of the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules. The results showed that the hybridization levels of Zr and O atoms in the m-ZrO2 were the same as those in the t-ZrO2, while those in the c-ZrO2 rose markedly. The electron numbers and bond energies on the strongest covalent bonds in the m-ZrO2 phase were the greatest, the values were 0.901106 and 157.5933 kJ/mol, respectively. Those in the t-ZrO2 phase took second place, which were 0.722182 and 123.9304 kJ/mol, and those in the c-ZrO2 phase were the smallest, which were 0.469323 and 79.0289 kJ/mol. According to the product of the bond energy on the strongest covalent bond and equivalent bond number (this value reflected the crystal cohesive energy), the order from the greatness to smallness was the c-ZrO2> t-ZrO2 > m-ZrO2. This showed that the m-phase bonds were the tightest, their energy was the smallest, the crystal cohe- sive energy of the m-phase was the largest, and the m-phase existed most stably at room temperature. So it must need energy or higher temperature to take apart the stronger covalent bonds to form a new phase.
Valence electron structure and properties of the ZrO2
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LI JinPing; MENG SongHe; HAN JieCai; ZHANG XingHong
2008-01-01
To reveal the properties of ZrO2 at the atom and electron levels, the valence elec-tron structures of three ZrO2 phases were analyzed on the basis of the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules. The results showed that the hybridization levels of Zr and O atoms in the m-ZrO2 were the same as those in the t-ZrO2, while those in the c-ZrO2 rose markedly. The electron numbers and bond energies on the strongest covalent bonds in the m-ZrO2 phase were the greatest, the values were 0.901106 and 157.5933 kJ/mol, respectively. Those in the t-ZrO2 phase took second place, which were 0.722182 and 123.9304 kJ/mol, and those in the c-ZrO2 phase were the smallest, which were 0.469323 and 79.0289 kJ/mol. According to the product of the bond energy on the strongest covalent bond and equivalent bond number (this value reflected the crystal cohesive energy), the order from the greatness to smallness was the c-ZrO2 t-ZrO2 m-ZrO2. This showed that the m-phase bonds were the tightest, their energy was the smallest, the crystal cohe-sive energy of the m-phase was the largest, and the m-phase existed most stably at room temperature. So it must need energy or higher temperature to take apart the stronger covalent bonds to form a new phase.
Degradation of Pentachlorophenol in Aqueous Solution by the UV/ZrO 2 /H 2 O 2 Photocatalytic Process
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mohammad Reza Samarghandi
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Pentachlorophenol (PCP, which is one of the resistant phenolic compounds, has been classified in the category of EPA’s priority pollutants due to its high toxicity and carcinogenic potential. Therefore, its removal from water and wastewater is very important. Various methods have been studied for removing the compound, among which advanced oxidation processes (AOPs have attracted much attention because of ease of application and high efficiency. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the UV/ZrO2/H2O2 process, as an AOP, for PCP removal from aquatic environments. The effects of several parameters such as ultraviolet (UV exposure time, initial PCP concentration, pH, concentration of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2 nanoparticles, and H2O2 concentration were studied. Kinetics of the reaction was also detected. The concentration of the stated materials in the samples was determined using a spectrophotometer at 500 nm. The results showed that the highest efficiency (approximately 100% was reached at optimized conditions of pH 6, contact time of 30 minutes, initial PCP concentration of 20 mg/L, the nanoparticles concentration of 0.1 g/L and H2O2 concentration of 14.7 mM/L. Also, the process followed the first order kinetics reaction. The obtained results illustrated that the UV/ZrO2/H2O2 process has a high ability in removing PCP.
Thermodynamic study of CVD-ZrO2 phase diagrams
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Torres-Huerta, A.M.; Vargas-Garcia, J.R.; Dominguez-Crespo, M.A.; Romero-Serrano, J.A.
2009-01-01
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) from zirconium acetylacetonate Zr(acac) 4 has been thermodynamically investigated using the Gibbs' free energy minimization method and the FACTSAGE program. Thermodynamic data Cp o , ΔH o and S o for Zr(acac) 4 have been estimated using the Meghreblian-Crawford-Parr and Benson methods because they are not available in the literature. The effect of deposition parameters, such as temperature and pressure, on the extension of the region where pure ZrO 2 can be deposited was analyzed. The results are presented as calculated CVD stability diagrams. The phase diagrams showed two zones, one of them corresponds to pure monoclinic phase of ZrO 2 and the other one corresponds to a mix of monoclinic phase of ZrO 2 and graphite carbon.
Fabrication of Zr2WP2O12/ZrV0.6P1.4O7 composite with a nearly zero-thermal-expansion property.
Yanase, Ikuo; Sakai, Hiroshi; Kobayashi, Hidehiko
2017-11-15
Sintered bodies of Zr 2 WP 2 O 12 (ZWP) and ZrV 0.6 P 1.4 O 7 (ZVP) were fabricated, and their linear thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) were found to be -2.92 × 10 -6 and 3.27 × 10 -6 °C -1 , respectively, in the range 25-500 °C. In an attempt to fabricate composites with a zero-thermal-expansion property, sintered ZWP/ZVP composites with ZVP/ZWP volume ratios of 0.5/0.5, 0.53/0.47, 0.55/0.45, and 0.6/0.4 were fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that sintering of ZVP/ZWP composites progressed well compared with that of ZWP. A porous ZVP/ZWP composite with a relative density of ca. 83% was fabricated at a ZVP/ZWP volume ratio of 0.53/0.47. X-ray diffractometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry clarified that the ZVP/ZWP composite mainly consisted of ZWP and ZVP grains. Thermomechanical analysis confirmed that the ZVP/ZWP composite exhibited very low thermal expansion with a slight hysteresis with a TEC of -0.29 × 10 -7 °C -1 in the range 25-500 °C.
Fractography of STIR casted Al-ZrO2 composites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Baghchesara, M. A.; Abdizadeh, H.; Baharvandi, H. R.
2009-01-01
In this study, Al-ZrO 2 composites were produced by Vortex method using ZrO 2 powder with 1 micron average diameter as reinforce particles and Al-356 as the matrix metal. The melt composites were stirred for 13 minutes, then casted into a metallic mold. Different samples of 5, 10 and 15 volume percent of ZrO 2 , in different casting temperatures of 750, 850 and 950 d eg C were produced. The latter 2 casting temperatures are not a common practice but were chosen to enhance fluidity. Effects of volume percent of ZrO 2 particles and casting temperature on tensile strength, microstructure, and fracture surfaces of Al-ZrO 2 composites have been investigated. The highest tensile strength was achieved in the specimen containing 15 vol. % ZrO 2 produced at 750 d eg C which shows an increase of 60% in comparison to the Al-356 non-reinforced alloy. Microscopic investigations of fracture surfaces revealed that fracture in a brittle manner with little or no necking happening. By increasing ZrO 2 content and casting temperature, the composites fracture goes in a more severely brittle manner.
MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZrO{sub 2} composite nanoparticles for hyperthermia applications
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Rashid, Amin ur [Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan); Department of Applied Physical and Material Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan); Humayun, Asif [Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan); Manzoor, Sadia, E-mail: sadia_manzoor@comsats.edu.pk [Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan)
2017-04-15
MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/ZrO{sub 2} composites containing ZrO{sub 2} in different weight percentages from 0% to 80% were prepared via the citrate gel technique as potential candidate materials for magnetic hyperthermia. The biocompatible ceramic ZrO{sub 2} was introduced to prevent MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles from aggregation and to reduce their dipolar interactions in order to enhance the specific absorption rate (SAR). Structural and magnetic properties of the samples were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Magnetically induced heating in radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields was observed in all samples. Most significantly, the sample with only 20 wt% MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} has been found to have a SAR that is larger than that of pure MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. This is an important finding from the point of view of biomedical applications, because ZrO{sub 2} in known to have low toxicity and a higher biocompatibility as compared to ferrites. - Highlights: • MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and ZrO{sub 2} composite nanoparticles with different weight percentages of ZrO{sub 2} were prepared via the citrate gel technique. • Significant variation in magnetic properties was observed with increasing the weight % of ZrO{sub 2}. • Magnetically induced heating was observed when the composites were subjected to RF magnetic field. • Most significantly, the sample 80 wt% ZrO{sub 2} has been found to have SAR that is larger than that of pure MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. • The SAR was found to have a strong dependence on magnetic dipolar interactions.
Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 produzidas pelo processo gelcasting
Sousa,E. de; Rambo,C. R.; Ortega,F. S.; Oliveira,A. P. N. de; Pandolfelli,V. C.
2009-01-01
Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 (LZSA) foram produzidas pelo processo gelcasting, associado à aeração de suspensões cerâmicas, sem controle atmosférico. Por meio da adição de diferentes concentrações de agente espumante (Fongraminox) foi possível obter espumas vítreas com densidade relativa variando entre uma estreita faixa (0,10-0,15). As espumas vítreas apresentaram resistência à compressão de 2,5-3,7 MPa, que correspondem a porosidade entre 85 e 89% e macroestrutra com por...
Effect of Sr-doping on electronic and magnetic properties of La2-xSrxCoMnO6
Khan, Anasua; Chatterjee, Swastika; Mandal, P. R.; Nath, T. K.
2018-04-01
In this report, La2-xSrxCoMnO6 (x=0, 1) have been synthesised using sol-gel technique. La2CoMnO6 (LCMO) takes a monoclinic phase, whereas LaSrCoMnO6 (LSCMO) appears in a mixed phase of having both monoclinic and rhombohedral symmetries. DC magnetization measurement shows that LCMO is Ferromagnetic in nature whereas LSCMO shows magnetic glassy nature. This experimental result is verified by ab-initio calculation using GGA+SO+U as implemented in WIEN2k code. Total energy calculations suggest that antisite disorder is enhanced with Sr doping at La site and LSCMO is predominantly ferromagnetic in nature. Co ions which appeared in high spin +2 charge state, converts to intermediate spin +3 charge state with Sr doping.
Maeda, Yasutaka; Hiroki, Mizuha; Ohmi, Shun-ichiro
2018-04-01
Nitrogen-doped (N-doped) LaB6 is a candidate material for the bottom-contact electrode of n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, the formation of a N-doped LaB6 electrode affects the surface morphology of a pentacene film. In this study, the effects of surface treatments and a N-doped LaB6 interfacial layer (IL) were investigated to improve the pentacene film quality after N-doped LaB6 electrode patterning with diluted HNO3, followed by resist stripping with acetone and methanol. It was found that the sputtering damage during N-doped LaB6 deposition on a SiO2 gate insulator degraded the crystallinity of pentacene. The H2SO4 and H2O2 (SPM) and diluted HF treatments removed the damaged layer on the SiO2 gate insulator surface. Furthermore, the N-doped LaB6 IL improved the crystallinity of pentacene and realized dendritic grain growth. Owing to these surface treatments, the hole mobility improved from 2.8 × 10-3 to 0.11 cm2/(V·s), and a steep subthreshold swing of 78 mV/dec for the OFET with top-contact configuration was realized in air even after bottom-contact electrode patterning.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zong, Lanlan; Li, Qiuye, E-mail: qiuyeli@henu.edu.cn; Zhang, Jiwei; Wang, Xiaodong; Yang, Jianjun [Henan University, Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials (China)
2013-11-15
Orthorhombic titanic acid nanotubes (TAN) have large BET surface area and small-diameter one-dimensional nanotubular morphology, so they can work as a good supporter and a precursor of TiO{sub 2}. However, in our former research, we found that calcination of TAN to anatase TiO{sub 2} would destroy the nanotubular structure and decrease the BET surface area sharply. In this work, we utilized the pillar effect of the foreign nanoparticles (La{sub 2}O{sub 3}) to keep the nanotubular morphology of TiO{sub 2}, and obtained the anatase TiO{sub 2} nanotubes with large BET surface area. For improving the photocatalytic activity, Pd nanoparticles were loaded as the electron traps on the surface of La-doped TiO{sub 2} by photo-deposition method. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectra, and N{sub 2} adsorption–desorption isotherms measurement. Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the removal of propylene under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of Pd-loaded La-doped TiO{sub 2} nanotubes improved effectively compared with that of La-doped TiO{sub 2} and pure TiO{sub 2}.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Farias, R.F.V.; Fernandes, M.S.M.; Silva, R.S.; Franca, K.B.; Lira, H.L.; Bonifacio, M.A.R., E-mail: raissavenuto@gmail.com, E-mail: maniza-f@hotmail.com, E-mail: raquel.ssb@hotmail.com, E-mail: kepler@labdes.ufcg.edu.br, E-mail: helio.lira@ufcg.edu.br, E-mail: m_aparecidaribeiro@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), PB (Brazil)
2016-07-01
This paper describes the synthesis of ceramic powder of TiO2 doped with Zr by the polymeric precursor method, also known as Pechini method applied in ceramic membranes for water treatment. Three compositions were synthesized according to the molar ratio Ti{sub x}-1Zr{sub x}O{sub 2} (x = 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 moles), calcined at 700° C/1h. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microbiological analysis. The presence of the doping element was not decisive in the average size of crystallite, which ranged from 5.5 to 11.3 nm. The SEM images showed clusters with uniform surface and granular aspect, it is still possible to see a clearly porous structure formed by clusters of uniform size for all samples. The microbiological analyses of powders have revealed that they have bactericidal properties. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhang Chen
2018-03-01
Full Text Available Microstructure and dielectric properties of La2O3 doped Ti-rich barium strontium titanate ceramics, prepared by solid state method, were investigated with non-stoichiometric level and various La2O3 content, using XRD, SEM and LCR measuring system. With an increase of non-stoichiometric level, the unit cell volumes of perovskite lattices for the single phase Ti-rich barium strontium titanate ceramics increased due to the decreasing A site vacancy concentration V″A. The unit cell volume increased and then decreased slightly with the increasing La2O3 content. Relatively high non-stoichiometric level and high La2O3 content in Ti-rich barium strontium titanate ceramics contributed to the decreased average grain size as well as fine grain size distribution, which correspondingly improved the temperature stability of the relative dielectric constant. The relative dielectric constant єrRT, dielectric loss tanδRT and the maximum relative dielectric constant єrmax decreased and then increased with the increasing non-stoichiometric level. With the increase of La2O3 doping content, the relative dielectric constant єrRT increased initially and then decreased. The maximum relative dielectric constant єrmax can be increased by applying low doping content of La2O3 in Ti-rich barium strontium titanate ceramics due to the increased spontaneous polarization.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
K.A. Sudjatmi
2015-03-01
Full Text Available Sejalan dengan perkembangan konsep keselamatan pasif pada sistem keselamatan PLTN, maka sistem perpindahan panas konveksi alam memegang peranan penting. Pemakaian nanofluid sebagai fluida pendingin pada sistem keselamatan nuklir dapat digunakan pada Sistem Pendingin Teras Darurat dan Sistem Pendingin Pengungkung Luar Reaktor. Beberapa peneliti telah melakukan studi desain konseptual aplikasi nanofluid untuk meningkatkan keselamatan AP1000 dan sistem pendingin teras darurat pada reaktor daya eksperimen. Penerapan nanofluida juga mulai dikembangkan melalui hasil penelitian perpindahan panas konveksi alamiah pada sub-buluh dengan nanofluida sebagai fluida kerjanya sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh perubahan konsentrasi ZrO2 terhadap korelasi perpindahan panas konveksi alamiah dengan pendekatan eksperimental. Data eksperimental yang diperoleh digunakan untuk mengembangkan korelasi umum empirik perpindahan panas konveksi alamiah. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan alat uji sub-buluh vertikal dengan geometri segitiga dan segiempat menggunakan air dan nanofluida air-ZrO2 sebagai fluida kerjanya. Konsentrasi nanopartikel dalam larutan yang digunakan sebesar 0,05 %, 0,10% dan 0,15 % dalam persen berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa untuk bilangan Rayleigh yang sama, kemampuan pemindahan kalor oleh nanofluida air-ZrO2 lebih baik dari pada pemindahan kalor oleh air. Namun peningkatan konsentrasi nanofluida tidak selalu mendapatkan kemampuan pemindahan kalor yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: nanofluida air-ZrO2, konveksi alamiah, sub-buluh segitiga, sub-buluh segi segiempat In line with the development of the passive safety concept for the safety systems of nuclear power plants, the natural convection heat transfer system plays an important role. The nanofluid as coolant fluid on nuclear safety system can be used in Emergency core cooling system and in reactor coolant system confinement. Several researchers have
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang, W.T.; Pu, M.H.; Lei, M.; Zhang, H.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Cheng, C.H.; Zhao, Y.
2013-01-01
Highlights: • Pure and Co-doped YBCO films were prepared by newly-developed chemical method. • The doped films have much denser and smoother surface microstructures. • Significantly enhanced fux-pinning properties have been obtained for dilute Co-doped flm. -- Abstract: Pure and cobalt-doped superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−z (YBCO) films were prepared on (0 0 l) LaAlO 3 substrate by a newly developed polymer-assisted metal organic deposition method. The cobalt-doped YBCO films display much denser and smoother surface microstructures and the superconducting transition temperature T c spans a small range of 1.7 K with the doping levels. Significantly enhanced flux-pinning properties have been obtained for dilute cobalt-doped film. This may be attributed to the good grain connections and the effective flux pinning centers introduced by cobalt doping
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Szczerba, Jacek; Madej, Dominika; Śnieżek, Edyta; Prorok, Ryszard
2013-01-01
Highlights: ► Hydrates, i.e. CAH 10 , C 2 AH 8 , C 3 AH 6 and C 4 AH 19 are formed during hydration of CaAl 2 O 4 and Ca 7 ZrAl 6 O 18 . ► Hydrated CaAl 2 O 4 and Ca 7 ZrAl 6 O 18 compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDS and thermal analysis. ► The hydration reaction proceeds as consumes the unreacted core of the CaAl 2 O 4 and Ca 7 ZrAl 6 O 18 grain. - Abstract: The hydration products and thermal decomposition mechanism of hydrated CaAl 2 O 4 and Ca 7 ZrAl 6 O 18 compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDS and thermal analysis. The processes of crystal hydrate nucleation and precipitation were preceded by the evolution of the X-ray amorphous phase during the first 24 h of hydration. DTA–TGA–EGA techniques allowed the study of the detailed decomposition and identification of intermediate and stable to be performed. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves of hydrated CaAl 2 O 4 and Ca 7 ZrAl 6 O 18 compounds show five similar endothermic peaks due to crystal water desorption. According to the quantitative TGA–EGA analyses performed on hydrated CaAl 2 O 4 and Ca 7 ZrAl 6 O 18 compounds, it was found that C 2 AH 8 , C 3 AH 6 and Al(OH) 3 phases are the main hydration products of CaAl 2 O 4 . Under the same laboratory conditions, the hydration of Ca 7 ZrAl 6 O 18 proceeds with the formation of mainly CAH 10 and AH 3 -gel phases. We provide the original illustrations of the hydrate crystals formation via amorphous phases
Madakson, P.; Cuomo, J. J.; Yee, D. S.; Roy, R. A.; Scilla, G.
1988-03-01
High-quality La(1.8)Sr(0.2)CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films, with zero resistance at 88 K, have been made by dual-ion-beam sputtering of metal and oxide targets at elevated temperatures. The films are about 1.0 micron thick and are single phase after annealing. The substrates investigated are Nd-YAP, MgO, SrF2, Si, CaF2, ZrO2-(9 pct)Y2O3, BaF2, Al2O3, and SrTiO3. Characterization of the films was carried out using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, resistivity measurements, TEM, X-ray diffraction, and SIMS. Substrate/film interaction was observed in every case. This generally involves diffusion of the substrate into the film, which is accompanied by, for example, the replacement of Ba by Sr in the YBa2Cu2O7 structure, in the case of SrTiO3 substrate. The best substrates were those that did not significantly diffuse into the film and which did not react chemically with the film.
Perovskite-type La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} mesoporous photocatalyst
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Onozuka, K.; Kawakami, Y.; Imai, H.; Yokoi, T.; Tatsumi, T. [Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-10, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 (Japan); Kondo, J.N., E-mail: jnomura@res.titech.ac.jp [Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-10, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 (Japan)
2012-08-15
Crystalline particles of mesoporous La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}, a perovskite-type material, were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 210 Degree-Sign C in the presence of structure directing agent. Crystallization and simultaneous sintering occurred in the time course of the hydrothermal treatment, resulting in the improvement in crystallinity with a sacrifice of the decrease in surface area. The photocatalytic property was evaluated by hydrogen evolution from water with methanol sacrificial agent. The increase and the decrease of the material in crystallinity and surface area were responsible for the photocatalytic activity: the activity was improved by crystallization but the concurrent decrease in surface area (increase in size) of crystalline particles was disadvantageous. - Graphical abstract: A homogeneous mixture of La and Ti oxide with amorphous inorganic network was hydrothermally crystallized at low temperatures to a perovskite-type La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}. The small La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} particles with high crystallinity showed a potential as a photocatalyst for H{sub 2} evolution. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Crystalline mesopourous La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} was prepared. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Hydrothermal treatment encouraged low temperature crystallization. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Small crystalline domain was advantageous to a photocatalytic reaction.
The influence of thermal treatment on the phase development in HfO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Al2O3 systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Stefanic, G.; Music, S.; Trojko, R.
2005-01-01
Amorphous precursors of HfO 2 -AlO 1.5 and ZrO 2 -AlO 1.5 systems covering the whole concentration range were co-precipitated from aqueous solutions of the corresponding salts. The thermal behaviour of the amorphous precursors was examined by differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization temperature of both systems increased with increase in the AlO 1.5 content, from 530 to 940 deg. C in the HfO 2 -AlO 1.5 system, and from 405 to 915 deg. C in the ZrO 2 -AlO 1.5 system. The results of phase analysis indicate an extended capability for the incorporation of Al 3+ ions in the metastable HfO 2 - and ZrO 2 -type solid solutions obtained after crystallization of amorphous co-gels. Precise determination of lattice parameters, performed using whole-powder-pattern decomposition method, showed that the axial ratio c f /a f in the ZrO 2 - and HfO 2 -type solid solutions with 10 mol% or more of Al 3+ approach 1. The tetragonal symmetry of these samples, as determined by laser Raman spectroscopy, was attributed to the displacement of the oxygen sublattice from the ideal fluorite positions. It was found that the lattice parameters of the ZrO 2 -type solid solutions decreased with increasing Al 3+ content up to ∼10 mol%, whereas above 10 mol%, further increase of the Al 3+ content has very small influence on the unit-cell volume of both HfO 2 - and ZrO 2 -type solid solutions. The reason for such behaviour was discussed. The solubility of Hf 4+ and Zr 4+ ions in the aluminium oxides lattice appeared to be negligible
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhu, J; Li, T L; Pan, B; Zhou, L; Liu, Z G
2003-01-01
ZrO 2 thin films were fabricated in O 2 ambient and in N 2 ambient by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed that films prepared at 400 deg. C remained amorphous. The dielectric properties of amorphous ZrO 2 films were investigated by measuring the capacitance-frequency characteristics of Pt/ZrO 2 /Pt capacitor structures. The dielectric constant of the films deposited in N 2 ambient was larger than that of the films deposited in O 2 ambient. The dielectric loss was lower for films prepared in N 2 ambient. Atom force microscopy investigation indicated that films deposited in N 2 ambient had smoother surface than films deposited in O 2 ambient. Capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics were studied. The equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of films with 6.6 nm physical thickness deposited in N 2 ambient is lower than that of films deposited in O 2 ambient. An EOT of 1.38 nm for the film deposited in N 2 ambient was obtained, while the leakage current density was 94.6 mA cm -2 . Therefore, ZrO 2 thins deposited in N 2 ambient have enhanced dielectric properties due to the incorporation of nitrogen which leads to the formation of Zr-doped nitride interfacial layer, and is suggested to be a potential material for alternative high-k (high dielectric constant) gate dielectric applications
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Escobar, José, E-mail: jeaguila@imp.mx [Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 152, Col. San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Gustavo A. Madero, México, D.F. 07730 (Mexico); De Los Reyes, José A., E-mail: jarh@xanum.uam.mx [Area de Ing. Química, UAM – Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340 (Mexico); Ulín, Carlos A. [Area de Ing. Química, UAM – Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340 (Mexico); Barrera, María C., E-mail: mcbdgavilan@gmail.com [Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Universidad km. 7.5, Col. Santa Isabel, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, México, D.F. 96538 (Mexico)
2013-12-16
(ZrO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2})/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} ternary oxide at 20 mol% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (80% ZrO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2}, in turn at 40–60 mol ratio) prepared by controlled co-precipitation (by urea thermal decomposition) of zirconium (ZrOCl{sub 2}·8H{sub 2}O) and titanium (TiCl{sub 4}) chlorides over a ground alumina substrate constitutes a promising material to be used as carrier of sulfided hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts. After calcining (at 500 °C), the ternary oxide presented textural properties (S{sub g} = 387 m{sup 2} g{sup −1}, V{sub p} = 0.74 ml g{sup −1}, mean pore diameter = 7.6 nm) suitable to its utilization as carrier of catalysts applied in the oil-derived middle distillates HDS. As determined by temperature programmed-reduction and Raman and UV–vis spectroscopies ZrO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} deposition over alumina substrate resulted in decreased proportion of Mo{sup 6+} species in tetrahedral coordination on the oxidic impregnated material. As those species constitute hardly reducible precursors, their diminished concentration could be reflected in enhanced amount of Mo species susceptible of activation by sulfiding (H{sub 2}S/H{sub 2} at 400 °C) over our ternary carrier. Limiting the concentration of zirconia-titania (at 40–60 mol ratio) to 20 mol% in the mixed oxides support allowed the preparation of highly active promoted (by cobalt, at Co/(Co + Mo) = 0.3) MoS{sub 2} phase (at 2.8 atoms/nm{sup 2}), that formulation showing excellent properties in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of both dibenzothiophene and highly-refractory 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene. Due to alike yields to various HDS products over CoMo/(ZrO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2})/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and the corresponding Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-supported formulation, presence of similar actives sites over those catalysts was strongly suggested. It seemed that enhanced concentration of octahedral Mo{sup 6+} over the oxidic impregnated precursor with (ZrO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2})/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3
Thermal expansion and conductivity of RE2Sn2O7 (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Er and Yb) pyrochlores
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Feng, J.; Xiao, B.; Zhou, R.; Pan, W.
2013-01-01
Graphical abstract: Calculated cohesive energies and formation enthalpies of RE 2 Sn 2 O 7 compounds. The formation enthalpies at 298 K are more close to the experimental values. -- The calculated cohesive energies and formation enthalpies of Rare earth stannate (RE 2 Sn 2 O 7 ) compounds are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values. The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of rare earth stannates are 7–9 × 10 −6 K −1 at high temperature. The results show that local spin density approximation predicts smaller TECs than the real values. The computed thermal conductivity of RE 2 Sn 2 O 7 is 1.8–2.5 W (m · K) −1 at 1273 K using the Slack–Clarke model, indicating that RE 2 Sn 2 O 7 compounds exhibit good thermal insulating properties at high temperature
Bregiroux, Damien; Cedelle, Julie; Ranc, Isabelle; Barreteau, Céline; Mata Osoro, Gustavo; Wallez, Gilles
2017-12-01
Due to an ultra-low thermal expansion, Zr2O(PO4)2 could find many applications as a thermal shock resistant material. To this end, ceramic processing is a key step in order to reach best properties. In this work, Zr2O(PO4)2 was sintered by conventional sintering and by the spark plasma sintering technique (SPS) with and without additive. Samples made by conventional sintering with ZnO as sintering aid have a maximum relative density of around 92%. Microstructure is composed of large grains and microcracks can be observed. When doped with 5 wt. % of MgO, samples can be densified by SPS up to 99.6% of the relative density and the grain size maintained between 0.5 and 1.5 μm. Thermal conductivity and Vickers microhardness were investigated as a function of the microstructure. Best values were obtained for the ceramic doped with 5 wt.% MgO and sintered by SPS, thanks to a fine microstructure and a small amount of residual microcracks.
Electron mass anisotropy of BaZrO3 doped YBCO thin films in pulsed magnetic fields up to 30 T
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Palonen, H; Huhtinen, H; Paturi, P; Shakhov, M A
2013-01-01
The high anisotropy of the critical current density in the high-temperature superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x can be compensated by changing the pinning landscape, for example, through doping with BaZrO 3 . We measure the change due to BaZrO 3 doping in the effective electron mass anisotropy, γ, by resistive measurements of the upper critical field in pulsed high magnetic fields. It is found that the angular dependence of the upper critical field follows the Blatter scaling up to 30 T but the irreversibility field does not. We also report a significant reduction in the effective electron mass anisotropy from 6.0 to 3.4 by BaZrO 3 doping. (paper)
Single crystal growth and structure refinements of CsMxTe2-xO6 (M = Al, Ga, Ge, In) pyrochlores
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Siritanon, Theeranun; Sleight, A.W.; Subramanian, M.A.
2011-01-01
Graphical abstract: Single crystals of CsM x Te 2-x O 6 pyrochlores with M = Al, Ga, Ge, and In have been grown and structure refinements indicate deviations from ideal stoichiometry presumably related to mixed valency of tellurium. Highlights: → Single crystals of CsM x Te 2-x O 6 pyrochlores with M = Al, Ga, Ge, and In have been grown. → Structure refinements from single crystal X-ray diffraction data confirm e structure. → Deviations from ideal stoichiometry suggest mixed valency of tellurium and hence conductivity. -- Abstract: Single crystals of CsM x Te 2-x O 6 pyrochlores with M = Al, Ga, Ge, and In have been grown from a TeO 2 flux. Structure refinements from single crystal X-ray diffraction data are reported. These results are used to discuss deviations from ideal stoichiometry that result in electronic conductivity presumably related to mixed valency of tellurium.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yixiong Wang
2017-08-01
Full Text Available Nickel-based superalloy DZ125 was first sprayed with a NiCrAlY bond coat and followed with a nanostructured 2 mol% Gd2O3−4.5 mol% Y2O3-ZrO2 (2GdYSZ topcoat using air plasma spraying (APS. Hot corrosion behavior of the as-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs were investigated in the presence of 50 wt% Na2SO4 + 50 wt% V2O5 as the corrosive molten salt at 900 °C for 100 h. The analysis results indicate that Gd doped YVO4 and m-ZrO2 crystals were formed as corrosion products due to the reaction of the corrosive salts with stabilizers (Y2O3, Gd2O3 of zirconia. Cross-section morphology shows that a thin layer called TGO was formed at the bond coat/topcoat interface. After hot corrosion test, the proportion of m-ZrO2 phase in nanostructured 2GdYSZ coating is lower than that of nano-YSZ coating. The result reveals that nanostructured 2GdYSZ coating exhibits a better hot corrosion resistance than nano-YSZ coating.
Electronic structure of layered ferroelectric high-k titanate La2Ti2O7
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Atuchin, V. V.; Gavrilova, T. A.; Grivel, Jean-Claude
2009-01-01
The electronic structure of binary titanate La2Ti2O7 has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Spectral features of valence band and all constituent element core levels have been considered. The Auger parameters of titanium and oxygen in La2Ti2O7 are determined as alpha(Ti) = 872...
Thermodynamic stability of actinide pyrochlore minerals in deep geologic repository environments
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang, YIFENG; Xu, HUIFANG
2000-01-01
Crystalline phases of pyrochlore (e.g., CaPuTi 2 O 7 , CaUTi 2 O 7 ) have been proposed as a durable ceramic waste form for disposal of high level radioactive wastes including surplus weapons-usable plutonium. In this paper, the authors use a linear free energy relationship to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of pyrochlore phases (CaMTi 2 O 7 ). The Pu-pyrochlore phase is predicted to be stable with respect to PuO 2 , CaTiO 3 , and TiO 2 at room temperatures. Pu-pyrochlore is expected to be stable in a geologic repository where silica and carbonate components are absent or limited. The authors suggest that a repository in a salt formation be an ideal environment for disposal of high level, pyrochlore-based ceramic wastes. In such environment, adding CaO as a backfill will make pyrochlore minerals thermodynamically stable and therefore effectively prevent actinide release from these mineral phases
Strength-toughness relations in sintered and isostatically hot-pressed ZrO2-toughened Al2O3
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hori, S.; Yoshimura, M.; Somiya, S.
1986-01-01
The fracture toughness of fine-grained undoped ZrO 2 -toughened Al 2 O 3 (ZTA) was essentially unchanged by post-sintering hot isostatic pressing and increased monotonically with ZrO 2 additions up to 25 wt%. The strength of ZTA with 5 to 15 wt% tetragonal ZrO 2 , which depended monotonically on the amount of ZrO 2 present before hot isostatic pressing, was increased by pressing but became almost constant between 5 and 15 wt% ZrO 2 addition. The strength appeared to be controlled by pores before pressing and by surface flaws after pressing; the size of flaws after pressing increased with ZrO 2 content. The strength of ZTA containing mostly monoclinic ZrO 2 (20 to 25 wt%) remained almost constant despite the noticeable density increase upon hot isostatic pressing because the strength was controlled by preexisting microcracks whose extent did not change on postsintering pressing. These strength-toughness relations in sintered and isostatically hot-pressed ZTA are explained on the basis of R-curve behavior. The importance of the contribution of microcracks to the toughness of ZTA is emphasized
Properties of slip-cast transformation-toughened β''-Al2O3/ZrO2 composites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Green, D.J.; Metcalf, M.G.
1984-01-01
The aim of this study was to fabricate β''-Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 composites by an alternative procedure than the dry-pressing route chosen by Lange et al. or Viswanathan et al. and to determine the amount of ZrO 2 that can be used to maximize the fracture toughness without significantly affecting the ionic resistivity. The fabrication technique chosen was that of slip casting, as this approach should allow the ZrO 2 phase to be well dispersed without the detrimental presence of agglomerates, which can act as failure origins in ceramics. Slip casting is a well-established ceramic fabrication technique and is versatile in being able to produce rather complex shapes. It has been used previously to fabricate β-Al 2 O 3 . In the present study, it was decided to perform the slip casting using organic media as water reacts with β''-Al 2 O 3 and leaches out the sodium by ion exchange and can significantly influence the ionic conductivity. It was important, therefore, to identify suitable organic media that could be used to control the dispersion of the β''-Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 powders and identify the important processing parameters that would give rise to a fine-grained microstructure in which the ZrO 2 was well dispersed and retained in its tetragonal form
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Yan [Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China); Zhang, Baotong [Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China); College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007 (China); Li, Jianfu; Zhu, Zhaojie; You, Zhenyu [Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China); Tu, Chaoyang, E-mail: tcy@fjirsm.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China)
2017-03-15
The bulk crystal of 5at% Yb{sup 3+}, 20 at% Er{sup 3+} and 0.2 at% Pr{sup 3+} triply doped SrLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7} (abbr. as Yb,Er,Pr:SLGO) was grown by the Czochralski method. The effects of co-dopant Yb{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} on the spectroscopic properties and the mutual energy transfer mechanism were investigated, via the measurements of its absorption, near-infrared and mid-infrared fluorescence spectra, as well as the fluorescence decay curves of Er{sup 3+}:{sup 4}I{sub 13/2} and {sup 4}I{sub 11/2} levels at room temperature. As compared with 20at% Er{sup 3+} singly doped SrLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7} crystal, ~2.7 µm emission intensity corresponding to Er{sup 3+}:{sup 4}I{sub 11/2}→{sup 4}I{sub 13/2} transition is enhanced greatly in the Yb,Er,Pr:SLGO crystal. Spectral analyses indicate that the sensitization of Yb{sup 3+} to Er{sup 3+} improves the ~2.7 µm emission in Yb,Er,Pr:SLGO crystal, meanwhile, the depopulation of Pr{sup 3+} from Er{sup 3+} decreases the ~1.5 µm emission and inhibits the self-termination effect. The energy transfer efficiencies of Yb{sup 3+}→Er{sup 3+} (ET1), Er{sup 3+}→Pr{sup 3+} (ET2) and Er{sup 3+}→Pr{sup 3+} (ET3) were estimated and discussed. The above results conclude that Yb,Er,Pr:SLGO crystal is a good candidate for LD pumped mid-infrared laser. - Graphical abstract: As compared with Er: SrLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7} crystal, ~2.7 µm MIR emissions corresponding to Er{sup 3+}:{sup 4}I{sub 11/2}→{sup 4}I{sub 13/2} transition were enhanced in Yb{sup 3+}, Er{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} triply doped SrLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7} crystal owing to the sensitization of co-dopant Yb{sup 3+} via ET1, at the same time, ~1.5 µm NIR emissions were weakened owing to the depopulation of co-dopant Pr{sup 3+} via ET3.
Thermal cycling behavior of YSZ and La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7 as double-ceramic-layer systems EB-PVD TBCs
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Xu Zhenhua; He Limin; Mu Rende; Lu Feng; He Shimei; Cao Xueqiang
2012-01-01
Highlights: ► DCL coating has a longer lifetime than that of single layer coating of LZ7C3 or YSZ. ► The unique growth modes of columns within DCL coating. ► The presence of cerium in both Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ oxidation states within the coating surface. ► The spallation of DCL coating induced by transverse cracks may be the first emergence of delamination followed by spalling layer by layer. ► The outward diffusion of Cr element (bond coat) into LZ7C3 layer. - Abstract: Double-ceramic-layer (DCL) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of La 2 (Zr 0.7 Ce 0.3 ) 2 O 7 (LZ7C3) and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The thermal cycling test at 1573 K in burner-rig with a coal gas flame indicates the thermal cycling life of DCL coating is not only much longer than that of LZ7C3 coating, but also approximately 27% longer than that of YSZ coating. The superior sintering-resistance of LZ7C3 coating and the unique growth modes of columns within DCL coating are all very helpful to the prolongation of thermal cycling life of DCL coating. The failure of DCL coating is mainly a result of the reduction–oxidation of cerium oxide, the re-crystallization of some LZ7C3 fine grains, the cracks initiation, propagation and extension, the abnormal oxidation of bond coat, the degradation of t′-phase in YSZ coating and the outward diffusion of Cr alloying element into LZ7C3 coating. Since no single material that has been studied so far satisfies all the requirements for high temperature applications, DCL coating is an important development direction of TBCs.
ZrO2 oxygen and hydrogen sensors: A geologic perspective
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ulmer, G.C.
1983-01-01
The geosciences have been attracted to the high accuracy of 5 ZrO 2 cells for both f(O 2 ) and pH sensors. That the very same ZrO 2 membrane can be used above 600 0 C to sense f(O 2 ) and used between 25 0 and 300 0 C (maybe higher) to sense pH has been demonstrated. Specific resistivity measurements for such cells follow the equation log R = -2.20 + 4000/T (for T(K) from 298-1573 K) (for Y 2 O 3 levels of 4-8 mol%). In the lower-temperature regime, i.e., pH sensing, the ZrO 2 cell does not respond to changes in molecular O 2 or H 2 in its environment. Geochemical raw material impurities and ZrO 2 membrane fabrication techniques that affect f(O 2 ) and pH sensing are discussed. The application of ZrO 2 cells to various geologic redox equilibria are demonstrated by a few selected examples
Surface damages of polycrystalline W and La2O3-doped W induced by high-flux He plasma irradiation
Liu, Lu; Li, Shouzhe; Liu, Dongping; Benstetter, Günther; Zhang, Yang; Hong, Yi; Fan, Hongyu; Ni, Weiyuan; Yang, Qi; Wu, Yunfeng; Bi, Zhenhua
2018-04-01
In this study, polycrystalline tungsten (W) and three oxide dispersed strengthened W with 0.1 vol %, 1.0 vol % and 5.0 vol % lanthanum trioxide (La2O3) were irradiated with low-energy (200 eV) and high-flux (5.8 × 1021 or 1.4 × 1022 ions/m2ṡs) He+ ions at elevated temperature. After He+ irradiation at a fluence of 3.0 × 1025/m2, their surface damages were observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-electron backscatter diffraction, and conductive atomic force microscopy. Micron-sized holes were formed on the surface of W alloys after He+ irradiation at 1100 K. Analysis shows that the La2O3 grains doped in W were sputtered preferentially by the high-flux He+ ions when compared with the W grains. For irradiation at 1550 K, W nano-fuzz was formed at the surfaces of both polycrystalline W and La2O3-doped W. The thickness of the fuzz layers formed at the surface of La2O3-doped W is 40% lower than the one of polycrystalline W. The presence of La2O3 could suppress the diffusion and coalescence of He atoms inside W, which plays an important role in the growth of nanostructures fuzz.
Ananpattarachai, Jirapat; Seraphin, Supapan; Kajitvichyanukul, Puangrat
2016-02-01
This work reports on synthesis, characterization, adsorption ability, formation rate of hydroxyl radicals (OH(•)), photocatalytic oxidation kinetics, and mineralization ability of C-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2), N-doped TiO2, and C,N co-doped TiO2 prepared by the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to analyze the titania. The rate of formation of OH(•) for each type of titania was determined, and the OH-index was calculated. The kinetics of as-synthesized TiO2 catalysts in photocatalytic oxidation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) under visible light irradiation were evaluated. Results revealed that nitrogen was incorporated into the lattice of titania with the structure of O-Ti-N linkages in N-doped TiO2 and C,N co-doped TiO2. Carbon was joined to the Ti-O-C bond in the C-doped TiO2 and C,N co-doped TiO2. The 2-CP adsorption ability of C,N co-doped TiO2 and C-doped TiO2 originated from a layer composed of a complex carbonaceous mixture at the surface of TiO2. C,N co-doped TiO2 had highest formation rate of OH(•) and photocatalytic activity due to a synergistic effect of carbon and nitrogen co-doping. The order of photocatalytic activity per unit surface area was the same as that of the formation rate of OH(•) unit surface area in the following order: C,N co-doped TiO2 > C-doped TiO2 > N-doped TiO2 > undoped TiO2.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chu, Hsueh-Liang [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Hwang, Weng-Sing [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Wang, Cheng-Li [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Wang, Moo-Chin, E-mail: mcwang@kmu.edu.tw [Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan (China); Lee, Kuen-Chan [Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan (China); Huang, Hong-Hsin [Department of Electrical Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, 840 Cheng Ching Road, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan (China); Lee, Huey-Er, E-mail: huerle@kmu.edu.tw [School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (China); Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (China)
2014-12-15
Highlights: • The precursor powders contained about 68.3 wt% ZrO{sub 2}, which corresponds to ZrO{sub 2}·1/8 H{sub 2}O. • The exothermic peak temperature of tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} formation occurred at 1014 K. • The activation energy of ZrO{sub 2}–10%SiO{sub 2} precursors crystallization is 993.7 kJ/mol. • Only the tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} formed when the precursor calcined at 1173–1373 K for 2 h. • As calcined at 1473 K for 2 h, tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} fully converted to monoclinic ZrO{sub 2}. - Abstract: Thermal behavior and phase transformation of ZrO{sub 2}–10%SiO{sub 2} precursor powder prepared by a co-precipitation route without adding stability agent has been studied using different thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), nano beam electron diffraction (NBED), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The TG results show that four weight loss regions were from 298 to 443 K, 443 to 743 K, 743 to 793 K and 793 to 1400 K. The DTA result shows that the ZrO{sub 2} freeze-dried precursor powders crystallization at 1014 K. The activation energy of 993.7 kJ/mol was obtained for tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} crystallization using a non-isothermal process. The XRD result shows that only a single phase of tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} appears when the freeze-dried precursor powders after calcination between 1173 and 1373 K for 2 h. Moreover, when calcined at 1473 K for 2 h, the phase transformation from tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} fully converted to monoclinic ZrO{sub 2} occurred.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ahmad, Tokeer; Ubaidullah, Mohd; Shahazad, Mohd; Kumar, Dinesh; Al-Hartomy, Omar A.
2017-01-01
Sr-doped BaZrO_3 nanoparticles with strontium content varying from 5 to 20 mol % were successfully synthesized by reverse micellar method at 900 °C for the first time. Systematic studies have been carried out to establish the structural and electrical properties of the as prepared nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area and dielectric measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of monophasic and highly crystalline nanoparticles which could be indexed in cubic BaZrO_3 with contraction of lattice on strontium substitution. A monotonic shift of diffraction pattern towards higher angel confirms the formation of solid solutions of Ba_1_−_xSr_xZrO_3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) which was corroborating well with lattice parameter studies. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed the formation of cubic, spherical and hexagonal nanoparticles with an average grain size of 40–65 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic studies confirmed the presence of dopant (Sr"2"+) in the BaZrO_3 matrix and estimated chemical species corroborate well with the loaded composition. Specific surface area of the solid solution comes out to be in the range of 104–244 m"2 g"-"1. Smallest particle of size 40 nm shows highest surface area 244 m"2 g"-"1 for 20 mol% Sr-doped BaZrO_3. Dielectric and impedance studies were also carried out as a function of frequency and temperature to explore the electrical properties of Sr-doped BaZrO_3. The dielectric constant of Ba_1_−_xSr_xZrO_3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) was found to be in the range of 13–25 for x = 0.05 to x = 0.20 with nearly similar dielectric loss of the order of 0.02. The conductance increases linearly with increase in frequency at room temperature, however the impedance has an inverse effect. - Highlights: • Monophasic nanocrystalline Ba_1_−_xSr_xZrO_3 at low dopant concentration using reverse micelles for the first
Tuning of catalytic CO2 hydrogenation by changing composition of CuO–ZnO–ZrO2 catalysts
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Witoon, Thongthai; Kachaban, Nantana; Donphai, Waleeporn; Kidkhunthod, Pinit; Faungnawakij, Kajornsak; Chareonpanich, Metta
2016-01-01
Graphical abstract: The catalyst with an optimum composition of Cu:Zn:Zr (38.2:28.6:33.2) exhibited a homogeneous dispersion of metal components, and achieved the highest methanol yield. - Highlights: • A series of CuO–ZnO–ZrO 2 catalysts with different metal compositions were prepared. • Binary CuO–ZrO 2 catalyst exhibited higher methanol selectivity. • Increasing Zn/Cu ratios provided a better inter-dispersion of metal components. • The optimum catalyst composition of Cu–Zn–Zr (CZZ-4) was 38.2:28.6:33.2. • The CZZ-4 achieved the highest methanol yield (219.7 g CH3OH kg cat −1 h −1 ) at 240 °C. - Abstract: CO 2 hydrogenation was carried out over a series of CuO–ZnO–ZrO 2 catalysts prepared via a reverse co-precipitation method. The influence of catalyst compositions on the physicochemical properties of the catalysts as well as their catalytic performance was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by means of N 2 -sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), H 2 -temperature programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR), H 2 and CO 2 temperature-programmed desorption (H 2 - and CO 2 -TPD). The binary CuO–ZrO 2 (67:33) catalyst exhibits the highest methanol selectivity at all reaction temperature and its maximum yield of methanol (144.5 g methanol kg cat −1 h −1 ) is achieved at 280 °C, owing to the strong basic sites and the largest CuO crystallite size. The addition of Zn to the binary CuO–ZrO 2 catalyst causes a higher Cu dispersion and an increased number of active sites for CO 2 and H 2 adsorption. However, the basic strength of the ternary CuO–ZnO–ZrO 2 catalysts is lower than the binary CuO–ZrO 2 catalyst which provides the maximum yield of methanol at lower reaction tempertures (240 and 250 °C), depending on the catalyst compositions. The optimum catalyst composition of Cu–Zn–Zr (38.2:28.6:33.2) gives a superior methanol
Characterizing the residual glass in a MgO/Al2O3/SiO2/ZrO2/Y2O3 glass-ceramic
Seidel, Sabrina; Patzig, Christian; Wisniewski, Wolfgang; Gawronski, Antje; Hu, Yongfeng; Höche, Thomas; Rüssel, Christian
2016-01-01
The non-isochemical crystallization of glasses leads to glass-ceramics in which the chemical composition of the amorphous matrix differs from that of the parent glass. It is challenging to solely analyse the properties of these residual glassy phases because they frequently contain finely dispersed crystals. In this study, the composition of the residual glass matrix after the crystallization of a glass with the mol% composition 50.6 SiO2 · 20.7 MgO · 20.7 Al2O3 · 5.6 ZrO2 · 2.4 Y2O3 is analysed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) including energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXS). A batch of the residual glass with the determined composition is subsequently melted and selected properties are analysed. Furthermore, the crystallization behaviour of this residual glass is studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy including electron backscatter diffraction and STEM-EDXS analyses. The residual glass shows sole surface crystallization of indialite and multiple yttrium silicates while bulk nucleation does not occur. This is in contrast to the crystallization behaviour of the parent glass, in which a predominant bulk nucleation of spinel and ZrO2 is observed. The crystallization of the residual glass probably leads to different crystalline phases when it is in contact to air, rather than when it is enclosed within the microstructure of the parent glass-ceramics. PMID:27734918
Electrodeposition and characterization of Ni-Mo-ZrO2 composite coatings
Laszczyńska, A.; Winiarski, J.; Szczygieł, B.; Szczygieł, I.
2016-04-01
Ni-Mo-ZrO2 composite coatings were produced by electrodeposition technique from citrate electrolytes containing dispersed ZrO2 nanopowder. The influence of deposition parameters i.e. concentration of molybdate and ZrO2 nanoparticles in the electrolyte, bath pH and deposition current density on the composition and surface morphology of the coating has been investigated. The structure, microhardness and corrosion properties of Ni-Mo-ZrO2 composites with different molybdenum and ZrO2 content have been also examined. It was found that ZrO2 content in the deposit is increased by rising the nanoparticles concentration in the plating solution up to 20 g dm-3. An increase in molybdate concentration in the electrolyte affects negatively the amount of codeposited ZrO2 nanoparticles. The correlation between the deposition current efficiency and ZrO2 content in the composite coating has been also observed. A decrease in deposition current efficiency leads to deposition of Ni-Mo-ZrO2 composite with low nanoparticles content. This may be explained by formation of higher amounts of gas bubbles on the cathode surface, which prevent the adsorption of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the growing deposit. The XRD analysis revealed that all the studied Ni-Mo-ZrO2 coatings were composed of a single, nanocrystalline phase with FCC structure. It was found that the incorporation of ZrO2 nanoparticles into Ni-Mo alloy matrix affects positively the microhardness and also slightly improves the corrosion properties of Ni-Mo alloy coating.
Gautam, Bibek; Sebastian, Mary Ann; Chen, Shihong; Haugan, Timothy; Chen, Yanbin; Xing, Zhongwen; Prestigiacomo, Joseph; Osofsky, Mike; Wu, Judy
2017-12-01
Strong and isotropic vortex pinning landscape is demanded for high field applications of YaBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) epitaxial thin films. Double-doping (DD) of artificial pinning centers (APCs) of mixed morphologies has been identified as a viable approach for this purpose. This work presents a comparative study on the transport critical current density J c (H, θ) of 3.0 vol.%Y2O3+2.0 (or 6.0) vol.% BaZrO3 (BZO DD) and 3.0 vol.%Y2O3+ 2.0 (or 6.0) vol.% BaHfO3 (BHO DD) films. Based on the elastic strain model, BaHfO3 (BHO) nanorods have lower rigidity than their BaZrO3 (BZO) counterparts, which means their c-axis alignment is more susceptible to the local strain generated by the secondary dopant of Y2O3. Considering the increasing strain field with higher BZO (or BHO doping), the higher susceptibility may result in a large portion of the BHO APCs moving away from perfect c-axis alignment and enhancing isotropic pinning with respect to the H orientation. This is confirmed since the BHO DD films illustrate a less pronounced J c peak at H//c-axis and hence more isotropic J c(θ) than their BZO DD counterparts. At 9.0 T, the variation of the J c across the entire θ range (0-90 degree) is less than 18% for the BHO DD film, in contrast to about 100% for the 2.0 vol.% BZO DD counterpart. At the higher BHO concentration of 6.0 vol.%, this higher tunability of the Y2O3 leads to increased ab-plane aligned BHO APCs and hence enhanced J c at H//ab-plane.
Cube textured CeO2, BaZrO3 and LaAlO3 buffer layers on Ni based Substrates
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Deinhofer, C; Gritzner, G
2006-01-01
CeO 2 , BaZrO 3 as well as LaAlO 3 buffer layers were deposited on {100} Ni + 5 weight-% W substrates by a wet chemical technique. The solutions were prepared by dissolving the metal nitrates or acetates and zirconiumacetylacetonate, respectively, in mixtures of acetic acid, methanol and water. The solutions were applied by dip- or spincoating, dried at 135 deg. C and annealed at temperatures between 900 and 1 400 deg. C depending on the buffer layer for 15 min. under Ar-5% H 2 gas flow. Pole-figure measurements proved the exact texture of each buffer layer. Electron microscopy showed dense and smooth buffer layers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Peña, J. I.
2007-10-01
Full Text Available In this work a study of the floating zone during the growth of bars of Al2O3-ZrO2(Y2O3 by the laser floating zone technique is presented. The axial thermal gradient in the solidification interface has been calculated and compared with the experimental one of 6.5*105 K/m. For this calculation the coefficients of heat transference during the solidification process have been determined. The floating zone profile has been also studied and the maximum stable length for the zone determined, verifying the stability criterion established by some authors. The study is completed with an estimation of the laser power necessary to carry out the growth. This value is compared with the measured one during the growth of 2 mm diameter bars.En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de la zona flotante durante el crecimiento de barras de Al2O3-ZrO2 (Y2O3 por la técnica de fusión zonal por láser. Se ha calculado el gradiente térmico axial existente en la intercara de solidificación y comparado con el que se ha medido de forma experimental, siendo éste de 6,5*105 K/m. Para este cálculo se han determinado los coeficientes de transferencia de calor durante el proceso de resolidificación. También se ha estudiado el perfil de la zona flotante y analizado el rango de estabilidad en términos de longitud máxima de zona, verificándose experimentalmente los límites teóricos establecidos por algunos autores. El estudio se completa con una estimación de la potencia necesaria para llevar a cabo el crecimiento confirmando su validez para el caso particular de cilindros de 2 mm de diámetro.
Structural and electrical characteristics of ZrO2-TiO2 thin films by sol-gel method
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hsu, Cheng-Hsing; Tseng, Ching-Fang; Lai, Chun-Hung; Tung, Hsin-Han; Lin, Shih-Yao
2010-01-01
In this paper, we investigated electrical properties and microstructures of ZrTiO 4 (ZrO 2 -TiO 2 ) thin films prepared by the sol-gel method on ITO substrates at different annealing temperatures. All films exhibited ZrTiO 4 (1 1 1) and (1 0 1) orientations perpendicular to the substrate surface, and the grain size increased with increase in the annealing temperature. A low leakage current density of 2.06 x 10 -6 A/cm 2 was obtained for the prepared films. Considering the primary memory switching behavior of ZrTiO 4 , ReRAM based on ZrTiO 4 shows promise for future nonvolatile memory applications.
The Role of Neodymium in the Optimization of a Ni/CeO2 and Ni/CeZrO2 Methane Dry Reforming Catalyst
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alfonsina Pappacena
2018-04-01
Full Text Available The development of a sustainable economy based on the use of renewable resources and the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions is an important mandate in modern societies to minimize the global warming. The CO2-reforming of methane through a conversion of CO2 and CH4 to syngas is a suitable process for this purpose and there is growing interest in the development of new catalysts for this process’ application at an industrial scale. This study is the first to investigate methane dry reforming activity of nickel supported on CeO2 and CeO2–ZrO2 solid solutions doped with neodymium. The supports were synthesized using a surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method and characterized through several analytical techniques to understand the role of synthesis parameters in the distribution of the dopant as well as in the properties of the supports. Co-doping with Zr and Nd resulted in an enhancement of dry reforming activity of ceria due to a higher dispersion of Ni and changes in the strength of basic sites. It was also shown that the addition of Nd helped to mitigate coking issues by increasing the mobility of surface oxygen in ceria and ceria–zirconia oxides and, accordingly, the rate of oxidation of carbonaceous deposits.
Dielectric studies on cerium doped BaLa2Ti3O10
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Parshuram B. Abhange
2015-12-01
Full Text Available The BaLa2-xCexTi3O10 samples (with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 were prepared by hydroxide co-precipitation method and finally sintered at 1150 °C. The structure of the prepared samples was characterized by XRD and SEM. The single phase material was confirmed only for the BaLa1.8Ce0.2Ti3O10 ceramics. However, at higher cerium concentration secondary phase was observed. The characteristic plate-like structure, having grains with submicrometer thickness and high aspect ratio, was clearly observed by SEM. The results of dielectric measurement suggest that the appropriate adjustment of doping (with x between 0.2 and 0.8 will give sufficient high dielectric constant at very low loss. The resistivity of samples decreases with increase in temperature indicating the normal semiconducting electrical behaviour.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hernandez E, J. M.; Silva R, R.; Garcia A, R. [Instituto Tecnologico de Ciudad Madero, Div. de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Juventino Rosas y Jesus Urueta s/n, Col. Los Mangos, 89440 Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Garcia S, L. A. [IPN, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y de Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, 30 de Junio No. 1520, Barrio La Laguna Ticoman, 07340 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Handy, B. E.; Cardenas G, G. [Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, CIEP, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210 SLP, San Luis Potosi (Mexico); Cueto H, A. [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo No. 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, 02200 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)
2012-07-01
Environmentally friendly solid-acid catalysts CeO{sub 2}/ZrO{sub 2}-SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} were prepared by the sol gel method varying CeO{sub 2} content (10, 20 and 30 wt %) and using sulfation in situ, maintaining the sulfate ions amount present in the materials at 20 wt %. ZrO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2}-SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} were also prepared for comparison proposes using the same synthesis method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, potentiometric titration with n-butylamine, decomposition of 2-propanol and n-pentane isomerization. The specific surface area of ZrO{sub 2}-SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} was high (160 m{sup 2}/g) compared with the unmodified ZrO{sub 2} (80 m{sup 2}/g), however this area decreased with increasing the CeO{sub 2} content (37-100 m{sup 2}/g). There was no significant effect of CeO{sub 2} on the tetragonal structure of ZrO{sub 2}-SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}. The variation of acid sites amount runs parallel to the change of specific surface area. The acid sites amount decreased with increasing cerium oxide content. The decomposition of 2-propanol results fundamentally in the formation of dehydration products such as propylene and diisopropyl ether, both involving acid sites. In addition, a good performance during the n-pentane isomerization was observed for these materials. The selectivity towards isopentane reaches 84% when the Pt/CeO{sub 2}/ZrO{sub 2}-SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} catalyst with the highest CeO{sub 2} content was used. (Author)
Sobczyk, Marcin
2013-04-01
Telluride glasses of the composition xNd2O3-(7-x)La2O3-3Na2O-25ZnO-65TeO2, where (0≤x≤7) were prepared by the melt quench technique. Some physical and optical properties of the glasses were evaluated. The thermal behavior i.e. glass transition and crystallization temperatures were studied by using TGA-DTA technique. Optical properties of Nd3+-doped telluride glasses were investigated between 298 and 700 K. Basing on the obtained values of J-O parameter values (×10-20 cm2: Ω2=4.49±0.84, Ω4=5.03±0.61, Ω6=4.31±0.73), the radiative transition probabilities (AT), radiative lifetimes (τR), fluorescence branching ratios (β) and emission cross-sections (σem) were calculated for the 4F3/2→4IJ/2 (where J=9, 11 and 13) transitions of Nd3+ ions. The τR value of the 4F3/2 level amount to 164 μs and is slightly higher than the measured decay time of 162 μs. With the increasing of Nd2O3 concentration from 0.5 to 7.0 mol% the experimental lifetime of the fluorescent level decreases from 162 to 5.6 μs. The estimated quantum efficiency amount to 100%, based on a comparison of τR and the experimental decay time of a slightly doped Nd3+ telluride glass. An analysis of the non-radiative decay was based on the cross-relaxation mechanisms. The 4F3/2→4I9/2 and 4F5/2→4I9/2 transitions were analyzed with respect to the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) and were found to be temperature dependent. Infrared-to-visible up-conversion emissions with a maximum at 603.0 and 635.3 nm were observed at high temperatures using the 804 nm excitation and are due to the 4G5/2→4I9/2 and 4G5/2→4I11/2 transitions of Nd3+ ions, respectively. The near quadratic dependence of fluorescence on excitation laser power confirms that two photons contribute to up-conversion of the orange emissions. The temperature-stimulated up-conversion excitation processes have been analyzed in detail. The optical results indicate that the investigated glasses are potentially applicable as a 1063 nm
Optical excitations in CuO2-sheets doped and undoped with electrons
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tokura, Y.; Arima, T.; Koshihara, S.; Takagi, H.; Ido, T.; Ishibashi, S.; Uchida, S.
1989-01-01
This paper reports optical reflectance spectra measured on single crystals of parent families of high T c copper oxide compounds with single-layered CuO 2 -sheets, which clearly show the strong transitons across the charge-transfer (CT) gaps at 1.5-2.0 eV in various types of CuO 2 -sheets. The carrier-doping effects on the CT excitations have been investigated on the Sr-doped La 2 CuO 4 and Ce-doped Nd 2 O 4 crystals
Upconversion and pump saturation mechanisms in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Y2Ti2O7 nanocrystals
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang, Fengxiao; Song, Feng; Zhang, Gong; Han, Yingdong; Li, Qiong; Tian, Jianguo; Ming, Chengguo
2014-01-01
The Er 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 nanocrystals were synthesized by the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, and photoluminescence spectra were measured to verify the Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 nanocrystalline produced in the sample annealed at 800 °C. The anomalous slopes of the fitted line in the log-log plots for upconversion emissions and the pump-saturation effect of near-infrared emission were observed in the nanocrystalline samples. A theoretical model of practical Er 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped system based on the rate equations were put forward and explained the experimental phenomena well
Investigation into the magnetic properties of pyrochlore-type rare-earth hafnates
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chun, Jung Hwan; Kremer, Reinhard K.; Lin, Chengtian [MPI for Solid State Research, Stuttgart (Germany)
2015-07-01
Cubic rare-earths transition metal pyrochlores with composition R{sub 2}TM{sub 2}O{sub 7} have attracted broad attention because of their unusual magnetic ground state properties related to geometrical frustration of the pyrochlores lattice. So far, the investigation focused mainly on 3d and 4d transition metal systems. The magnetic properties of rare-earths 5d TM pyrochlores are comparatively less well studied. Here we report on the single-crystal growth and the magnetic properties of some rare-earth hafnates (R =Nd, Gd, Dy; TM = Hf) of composition R{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}. Nd{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Gd{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} crystallize with the cubic pyrochlores structure whereas diverging reports on the structure of Dy{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} are available in literature. Crystals of R{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} have been grown and their structural and magnetic properties have been investigated. Our investigations confirm Nd{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Gd{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7} to crystallize in the cubic pyrochlores structure. Antiferromagnetic ordering below ∝0.5 K has been observed by magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements for both compounds.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Raza, Waseem; Haque, M.M. [Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002 (India); Muneer, M., E-mail: m.muneer.ch@amu.ac.in [Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002 (India); Fleisch, M.; Hakki, A.; Bahnemann, D. [Institut fuer Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover (Germany)
2015-05-25
Highlights: • La and Mo doped TiO{sub 2} hybrid carbon spheres have been synthesized using hydrothermal method. • The characterization of La and Mo doped TiO{sub 2} hybrid carbon spheres uniform morphology having anatase phase and good structural stability. • TiO{sub 2} hybrid carbon spheres with dopant concentration of 2.0% (La) and 1.5% (Mo) showed the highest photocatalytic activity as compared to the other dopant concentrations for the degradation of all the dyes under investigation. - Abstract: La and Mo-doped TiO{sub 2} coated carbon spheres have been synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The prepared materials were characterized by standard analytical techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD and Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that the particles are in anatase phase. The EDX and SEM images showed that La/Mo-doped TiO{sub 2} are present on the surface of the carbon spheres. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized particles were tested by studying the degradation of three different chromophoric dyes, i.e., Acid Yellow 29 (azo dye), Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 (triphenylmethane dye) and Acid Green 25 (anthraquinone dye) as a function of time on irradiation in aqueous suspension. TiO{sub 2} particle with dopant concentration of 2.0% La and 1.5% Mo showed the highest photocatalytic activity as compared to the other dopant concentrations for the degradation of all the dyes under investigation.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhao, Hong Wei; Chang, Chun Rui [College of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province (China); Li, Yuan Liang [Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province (China); Yan, Chun Liang [Analysis and Testing Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province (China)
2016-03-15
Using BaCO{sub 3}, SrCO{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2}, et al as crude materials, La{sub 2}O{sub 3} as dopant, Ba{sub 0.8}Sr{sub 0.2}TiO{sub 3} (BST) Ceramics of perovskite structure were prepared by solid state reaction method. We investigated the effects of La{sub 2}O{sub 3} -doping and sintering temperature on the dielectric properties of BaSrTiO{sub 3} ceramics. The experiment results show that: The amount of La{sub 2}O{sub 3} can increase the dielectric constant of the sample, with the doping amount increasing, the dielectric constant increases. The sintering temperature has also significant impact on the dielectric properties. The dielectric constant of the sample reaches its highest point at 1280 °C. (author)
Ferroelectric switching in epitaxial PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/ZnO/GaN heterostructures
Wang, Juan; Salev, Pavel; Grigoriev, Alexei
As a wide-bandgap semiconductor, ZnO has gained substantial interest due to its favorable properties including high electron mobility, strong room-temperature luminescence, etc. The main obstacle of its application is the lack of reproducible and low-resistivity p-type ZnO. P-type doping of ZnO through the interface charge injection, which can be achieved by the polarization switching of ferroelectric films, is a tempting solution. We explored ferroelectric switching behavior of PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/ZnO/GaN heterostructures epitaxially grown on Sapphire substrates by RF sputtering. The electrical measurements of Pt/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/ZnO/GaN ferroelectric-semiconductor capacitors revealed unusual behavior that is a combination of polarization switching and a diode I-V characteristics.
Bhatt, Samir; Mund, H. S.; Kumar, Kishor; Bapna, Komal; Dashora, Alpa; Itou, M.; Sakurai, Y.; Ahuja, B. L.
2018-05-01
Spin momentum densities of ferromagnetic ZrFe2 and Zr0.8Sc0.2Fe2 have been measured using magnetic Compton scattering with 182.65 keV circularly polarized synchrotron radiations. Site specific spin moments, which are responsible for the formation of total spin moment, have been deduced from Compton line shapes. At room temperature, the computed spin moment of ZrFe2 is found to be slightly higher than that of Sc doped ZrFe2 which is in consensus with the magnetization data. To compare the experimental data, we have also computed magnetic Compton profiles (MCPs), total and partial spin projected density of states (DOS) and the site specific spin moments using spin-polarized relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. It is observed that the spin moment at Fe site is aligned antiparallel to that of Zr site in both ZrFe2 and Zr0.8Sc0.2Fe2. The MCP results when compared with vibrating sample magnetometer based magnetization data, show a very small contribution of orbital moment in the formation of total magnetic moments in both the compounds. The DOS of ferromagnetic ground state of ZrFe2 and Zr0.8Sc0.2Fe2 are interpreted on the basis of a covalent magnetic model beyond the Stoner rigid band model. It appears that on alloying between a magnetic and a non-magnetic partner (with low valence), a polarization develops on the non-magnetic atom which is anti-parallel to that of the magnetic atom.
Effects of interfacial layer on characteristics of TiN/ZrO2 structures.
Kim, Younsoo; Kang, Sang Yeol; Choi, Jae Hyoung; Lim, Jae Soon; Park, Min Young; Chung, Suk-Jin; Chung, Jaegwan; Lee, Hyung Ik; Kim, Ki Hong; Kyoung, Yong Koo; Heo, Sung; Yoo, Cha Young; Kang, Ho-Kyu
2011-09-01
To minimize the formation of unwanted interfacial layers, thin interfacial layer (ZrCN layer) was deposited between TiN bottom electrode and ZrO2 dielectric in TiN/ZrO2/TiN capacitor. Carbon and nitrogen were also involved in the layer because ZrCN layer was thermally deposited using TEMAZ without any reactant. Electrical characteristics of TiN/ZrO2/TiN capacitor were improved by insertion of ZrCN layer. The oxidation of TiN bottom electrode was largely inhibited at TiN/ZrCN/ZrO2 structure compared to TiN/ZrO2 structure. While the sheet resistance of TiN/ZrCN/ZrO2 structure was constantly sustained with increasing ZrO2 thickness, the large increase of sheet resistance was observed in TiN/ZrO2 structure after 6 nm ZrO2 deposition. When ZrO2 films were deposited on ZrCN layer, the deposition rate of ZrO2 also increased. It is believed that ZrCN layer acted both as a protection layer of TiN oxidation and a seed layer of ZrO2 growth.
Reentrant behavior in Cr doped bilayer manganite LaSr{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7}
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bhatia, S.N., E-mail: snbhatia@phy.iitb.ac.in; Mohapatra, Niharika
2017-07-15
Highlights: • The FM and the AFM states merge into each other thereby creating an inhomogeneous state. • Cr{sup 3+} creates ferromagnetic moments which behave like FM relaxors. • Electric conduction takes via hopping of small polaron and not by variable range hopping of these polarons. - Abstract: We have studied the effect of replacing Mn{sup 3+} by Cr{sup 3+} on the structure, transport and magnetism in the bilayered manganite LaSr{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7}. Although no structural transition was observed in LaSr{sub 2}Mn{sub 2−y}Cr{sub y}O{sub 7} (0.1 ≤ y ≤ 0.6), the electrical transport and the magnetic properties were found to be affected significantly by this substitution. Substitution of Cr{sup 3+} reduces the conductivity by restricting the hopping of small polarons. Magnetization increases with increasing Cr{sup 3+} concentration suggesting that Cr{sup 3+}-ions induce ferromagnetic moments. The ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic phase observed above ∼60 K merge into an inhomogeneous phase below this temperature. Thermopower yields an essentially concentration independent charge density nearly equal to its value for chromium free composition inspite of its expected decrease with this substitution suggesting that the small charge density of the insulating AFM phase is supplemented by the free carriers in the FM phase. The inhomogeneous phase shows a relaxor type behavior which contrasts with the spin glass behavior seen in La{sub 0.46}Sr{sub 0.54}Mn{sub 0.98}Cr{sub 0.02}O{sub 3} having an identical AFM magnetic state. The difference is attributed to the non-JT character of Cr-ions which reduce the distortion of the Mn−O octahedra located within the FM domains. With a higher lattice strain in the surrounding AFM matrix the carriers remain confined within the FM domains leading to the relaxor type behavior.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Martinez, R. C.; Guzman, J.; Rivera, T.; Ceron, P.; Montes, E.; Guzman, D. [IPN, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Av. Legaria No. 694, Col. Irrigacion, 11500 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Garcia H, M. [UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Falcony, C. [IPN, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Azorin, J., E-mail: rodmarolm@yahoo.com [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapala, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)
2014-08-15
In this work the luminescent characterization of zirconium oxide (ZrO{sub 2}) films impure with dysprosium (Dy{sup +3}) is reported, obtained by means of the ultrasonics spray pyrolysis technique. The films were deposited on glass substrates (Corning), in a temperatures interval of 400 to 550 grades C, using as precursor elements Zirconium oxide chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl{sub 2}·8H{sub 2}O) and Dysprosium tri-chloride (DyCl{sub 3}), dissolved in deionized water, varying the concentration of the contaminated from the 1 to 20 atomic % with relationship to the zirconium in solution. The luminescent characterization was analyzed by means of photoluminescence and thermoluminescence. The photoluminescence results showed a spectrum with three maxima which correspond to the electronic transitions {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} - {sup 6}H{sub 15/2}, {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} - {sup 6}H{sub 13/2} and {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} - {sup 6}H{sub 11/2} characteristics of the Dy{sup 3+} ion. The thermoluminescence (Tl) response when being exposed to a monochrome UV beam in 240 nm showed a wide curve that exhibits a maxim centered in 200 grades C. The Tl response of ZrO{sub 2}:Dy in function of the dose was shown lineal in the interval of 24 mJ/cm{sup 2} to 432 mJ/cm{sup 2}. A study of the repeatability and dissipation of the ZrO{sub 2}:Dy Tl response is included. Considering the shown previous results we can conclude that the ZrO{sub 2} in film form obtained by spray pyrolysis has luminescent properties in 240 nm. (Author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luklinska, Z. B.
2003-04-01
Full Text Available The work examines the influence of the microstructure on the in vitro bioactivity of two glass-ceramics with the same chemical composition. Two routes were used to obtain two glass-ceramics composed of 87 wt% CaSiO3 -13 wt% ZrO2. Heat treatment of a monolith glass produces a glass-ceramic (WZ1 containing wollastonite-2M and tetragonal zirconia as crystalline phases. The WZ1 did not display bioactivity in vitro. Ceramising the glass, via powder technology route, formed a bioactive glass-ceramic (WZ2, with the same crystalline phases but different microstructure. The in vitro studies carried out on WZ2 showed the formation of an apatite-like layer on its surface during exposure to the simulated body fluid (SBF. The interfacial reaction product was examined by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, both instruments fitted with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysers. pH measurements, directly made at the interface of the two glass-ceramics with the simulated body fluid, were important in understanding their different behaviour during exposure to the same physiological environment.Se estudia la influencia de la microestructura sobre la bioactividad de dos materiales vitrocerámicos con la misma composición química (87% en peso de CaSiO3 y 13% en peso de ZrO2. Por tratamiento térmico del vidrio se obtuvo un material vitrocerámico (WZ1, formado por wollastonita-2M y circona tetragonal como fases cristalinas. Dicho material vitrocerámico no presentó bioactividad en suero fisiológico artificial (SFA. Mediante procesado cerámico del polvo de vidrio, se obtuvo un material vitrocerámico (WZ2 con las mismas fases cristalinas pero con diferente microestructura, que resultó ser bioactivo. Los estudios in vitro en SFA del vitrocerámico WZ2, demostraron la formación de una capa de hidroxiapatito (HA en su superficie. El producto de la reacción fue examinado por microscopia electrónica de barrido y transmisión (MEB y MET, ambas con microan
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bao Dinghua; Wakiya, Naoki; Shinozaki, Kazuo; Mizutani, Nobuyasu
2002-01-01
Sandwich structured (Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 /Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 /(Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates, with the intention of simultaneously utilizing the advantages of both (Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BLT) and Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) thin films such as non-fatigue behaviours of BLT and good ferroelectric properties of PZT. Both BLT and PZT layers were prepared by a chemical solution deposition technique. The experiments demonstrated that the sandwich structure showed fatigue-free characteristics at least up to 10 10 switching bipolar pulse cycles under 8 V and excellent retention properties. The sandwich structured thin films also exhibited well-defined hysteresis loops with a remanent polarization (2P r ) of 8.8 μC cm -2 and a coercive field (E c ) of 47 kV cm -1 . The room-temperature dielectric constant and dissipation factor were 210 and 0.031, respectively, at a frequency of 100 kHz. These results suggest that this sandwich structure is a promising material combination for ferroelectric memory applications. (author)
Paknahad, Elham; Grosvenor, Andrew P.
2017-12-01
Glass-ceramic composite materials have been investigated for nuclear waste sequestration applications due to their ability to incorporate large amounts of radioactive waste elements. A key property that needs to be understood when developing nuclear waste sequestration materials is how the structure of the material responds to radioactive decay of nuclear waste elements, which can be simulated by high energy ion implantation. Borosilicate glass-ceramic composites containing brannerite-type (CeTi2O6) or zirconolite-type (CaZrTi2O7) oxides were synthesized at different annealing temperatures and investigated after being implanted with high-energy Au ions to mimic radiation induced structural damage. Backscattered electron (BSE) images were collected to investigate the interaction of the brannerite crystallites with the glass matrix before and after implantation and showed that the morphology of the crystallites in the composite materials were not affected by radiation damage. Surface sensitive Ti K-edge glancing angle XANES spectra collected from the implanted composite materials showed that the structures of the CeTi2O6 and CaZrTi2O7 ceramics were damaged as a result of implantation; however, analysis of Si L2,3-edge XANES spectra indicated that the glass matrix was not affected by ion implantation.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Paknahad, Elham; Grosvenor, Andrew P.
2017-12-01
Glass-ceramic composite materials have been investigated for nuclear waste sequestration applications due to their ability to incorporate large amounts of radioactive waste elements. A key property that needs to be understood when developing nuclear waste sequestration materials is how the structure of the material responds to radioactive decay of nuclear waste elements, which can be simulated by high energy ion implantation. Borosilicate glass-ceramic composites containing brannerite-type (CeTi2O6) or zirconolite-type (CaZrTi2O7) oxides were synthesized at different annealing temperatures and investigated after being implanted with high-energy Au ions to mimic radiation induced structural damage. Backscattered electron (BSE) images were collected to investigate the interaction of the brannerite crystallites with the glass matrix before and after implantation and showed that the morphology of the crystallites in the composite materials were not affected by radiation damage. Surface sensitive Ti K-edge glancing angle XANES spectra collected from the implanted composite materials showed that the structures of the CeTi2O6 and CaZrTi2O7 ceramics were damaged as a result of implantation; however, analysis of Si L2,3-edge XANES spectra indicated that the glass matrix was not affected by ion implantation.
High temperature investigation of the solid/liquid transition in the PuO2-UO2-ZrO2 system
Quaini, A.; Guéneau, C.; Gossé, S.; Sundman, B.; Manara, D.; Smith, A. L.; Bottomley, D.; Lajarge, P.; Ernstberger, M.; Hodaj, F.
2015-12-01
The solid/liquid transitions in the quaternary U-Pu-Zr-O system are of great interest for the analysis of core meltdown accidents in Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR) fuelled with uranium-dioxide and MOX. During a severe accident the Zr-based cladding can become completely oxidised due to the interaction with the oxide fuel and the water coolant. In this framework, the present analysis is focused on the pseudo-ternary system UO2-PuO2-ZrO2. The melting/solidification behaviour of five pseudo-ternary and one pseudo-binary ((PuO2)0.50(ZrO2)0.50) compositions have been investigated experimentally by a laser heating method under pre-set atmospheres. The effects of an oxidising or reducing atmosphere on the observed melting/freezing temperatures, as well as the amount of UO2 in the sample, have been clearly identified for the different compositions. The oxygen-to-metal ratio is a key parameter affecting the melting/freezing temperature because of incongruent vaporisation effects. In parallel, a detailed thermodynamic model for the UO2-PuO2-ZrO2 system has been developed using the CALPHAD method, and thermodynamic calculations have been performed to interpret the present laser heating results, as well as the high temperature behaviour of the cubic (Pu,U,Zr)O2±x-c mixed oxide phase. A good agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental data points. This work enables an improved understanding of the major factors relevant to severe accident in nuclear reactors.
Juan, Trevor Pi-Chun; Lin, Cheng-Li; Shih, Wen-Chieh; Yang, Chin-Chieh; Lee, Joseph Ya-Min; Shye, Der-Chi; Lu, Jong-Hong
2009-03-01
Metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor thin-film capacitors with Pb(Zr0.6,Ti0.4)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric layer and high-k lanthanum oxide (La2O3) insulator layer were fabricated. The outdiffusion of atoms between La2O3 and silicon was examined by the secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy. The size of memory window as a function of PZT annealing temperature was discussed. The maximum memory window saturated to 0.7 V, which is close to the theoretical memory window ΔW ≈2dfEc≈0.8 V with higher annealing temperatures above 700 °C. The memory window starts to decrease due to charge injection when the sweep voltage is higher than 5 V at 600 °C-annealed samples. The C-V flatband voltage shift (ΔVFB) as a function of charge injection was characterized in this work. An energy band diagram of the Al/PZT//La2O3/p-Si system was proposed to explain the memory window and the flatband voltage shift.
Crystallization behavior of tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} prepared in a silica bath
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Moo-Chin, E-mail: mcwang@kmu.edu.tw [Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan (China); Huang, Hung-Jui [Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan (China)
2013-09-10
Highlights: ► The activation energy of t-ZrO{sub 2} crystallization calculated by the JMA equation is 643.0 ± 13.9 kJ·mol{sup −1}. ► The growth morphology parameter (n) and crystallization mechanism index (m) are approximated as 3.0. ► Bulk nucleation is dominant in the t-ZrO{sub 2} crystallization process, and has a spherical-like morphology. ► The TEM microstructure reveals that the t-ZrO{sub 2} crystallites have a spherical-like morphology. - Abstract: The synthesis of zirconia (ZrO{sub 2}) precursor powders by a co-precipitation process is studied in this work, using a silica bath prepared at 348 K and pH = 7, with 10 min mixing using zirconium (IV) nitrate and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, Si(OC{sub 2}H{sub 5}){sub 4}) as the starting materials. The XRD result show that only a single phase of tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} (t-ZrO{sub 2}) appears when the freeze dried precursor powders are calcined between 1173 and 1473 K for 120 min. The activation energy of t-ZrO{sub 2} crystallization, as calculated by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) equation, is 643.0 ± 13.9 kJ/mol. The growth morphology parameter (n) and crystallization mechanism index (m) are approximated as 3.0, which indicates that bulk nucleation is dominant in the t-ZrO{sub 2} crystallization process, and that the material has a plate-like morphology.
Resistive switching in ZrO2 based metal-oxide-metal structures
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kaerkkaenen, Irina
2014-01-01
The goal of this work is a deeper understanding of the influence of the (i) metal-oxide-metal (MOM) layer stacks configuration, (ii) the oxide films microstructure, (iii) and their defect structure on the appearance of different switching modes, i.e. unipolar (UP) and bipolar (BP). The first part deals with the fabrication of ZrO 2 thin films by an industrial compatible atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, the chemical, structural and morphological characterization of the films, the growth of ZrO 2 /TiO 2 bilayers, the integration of the layers into metal-oxide-metal (MOM) devices and the electrical characterization with focus on the RS behavior. In the second part the effect of the device structure, in particular the thickness of the electrochemical active electrode (EAE) and the ZrO 2 film morphology, on the RS switching polarity of Pt/ZrO 2 /(EAE) cells is discussed. ZrO 2 films and ZrO 2 /TiO 2 bilayers were grown by ALD and were carefully structurally and electrically characterized. The ZrO 2 films grown from Zr[N(CH 3 )C 2 H 5 ] 4 (TEMA-Zr) at 240 C were polycrystalline with a mixture of cubic/tetragonal phases. ALD/H 2 O-ZrO 2 films exhibited a random oriented polycrystalline structure, whereas the ALD/O 3 -ZrO 2 films consisted of preferably oriented cubic shaped grains. Pt/ZrO 2 /Ti/Pt structures with a Ti top electrode (TE) thickness of 5 to 20 nm showed unipolar type RS behavior, while by increasing the Ti TE thickness a gradual change of switching polarity from unipolar to bipolar with a completely bipolar type RS behavior for a Ti TE thickness of 40 nm is found. The switching in Pt/ZrO 2 /TiO 2 /Ti/Pt devices was unipolar, comparable to Pt/ZrO 2 /Ti/Pt cells. In contrast, bilayers with the reverse structure, Pt/TiO 2 /ZrO 2 /Ti/Pt, showed non-switching behavior. The effect of the cells stack structure on the polarity of the RS behavior was studied in detail for 20 nm thick ZrO 2 films grown by an ozone based ALD process and integrated into Pt/ZrO 2
Dai, Ke; Peng, Tianyou; Chen, Hao; Liu, Juan; Zan, Lin
2009-03-01
Photocatalytic degradation of commercial phoxim emulsion in aqueous suspension was investigated by using La-doped mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles (m-TiO2) as the photocatalyst under UV irradiation. Effects of La-doping level, calcination temperature, and additional amount of the photocatalyst on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency were investigated in detail. Experimental results indicate that 20 mg L(-1) phoxim in 0.5 g L(-1) La/m-TiO2 suspension (the initial pH 4.43) can be decomposed as prolonging the irradiation time. Almost 100% phoxim was decomposed after 4 h irradiation according to the spectrophotometric analyses, whereas the mineralization rate of phoxim just reached ca. 80% as checked by ion chromatography (IC) analyses. The elimination of the organic solvent in the phoxim emulsion as well as the formation and decomposition of some degradation intermediates were observed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). On the basis of the analysis results on the photocatalytic degradation intermediates, two possible photocatalytic degradation pathways are proposed under the present experimental conditions, which reveal that both the hydrolysis and adsorption of phoxim under UV light irradiation play important roles during the photocatalytic degradation of phoxim.
Electromagnetic Properties of (Gd, Y)Ba2Cu3Ox Superconducting Tapes With High Levels of Zr Addition
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liu, Y; Yao, Y; Chen, Y; Khatri, ND; Liu, J; Galtsyan, E; Lei, C; Selvamanickam, V
2013-06-01
The dependence of the critical current density (J(c)) on the orientation of applied magnetic fields was studied in Zr-doped (Gd, Y)Ba2Cu3Ox tapes fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The in-field performance of J(c) of (Gd, Y)Ba2Cu3Ox tapes with Zr-doping levels of 7.5-30 at.% was investigated up to 5 T over a temperature range of 40-77 K. The highest critical currents (I-c) at H parallel to c and the highest values of minimum Ic in angular dependence measurements were achieved in the tapes with 20% Zr doping over a broad range of temperature and magnetic field conditions measured. The electromagnetic properties have been related to the changes in BaZrO3 content and microstructure.
A Feasibility Study on UO2/ZrO2 Mixture Melting using Induction Skull Melting Method
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hong, S. W.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, H. D.
1998-01-01
Using ISM(Induction Skull Melting) method, which is usually used for the crystallization of refractory materials, a feasibility study on melting of the UO 2 /ZrO 2 mixture(w/o 8:2) is carried out. Frequency, one of main design parameters for ISM, is determined from electrical resistance of UO 2 /ZrO 2 mixture. Heat loss from the crucible for UO 2 /ZrO 2 20kg melting is predicted by comparison with the existing experimental data for UO , ZrO 2 , and ThO 2 . The analysis shows that melting and superheating of the UO 2 /ZrO 2 mixture using induction skull melting method is possible. To attain the superheat of 300K for 20 kg of UO 2 /ZrO 2 , 100kHz, 100 kW power input for induction coil, and 570L/min coolant flow rate are found to be required. The results of this feasibility study will be adopted for designing UO 2 /ZrO 2 furnace using actual corium material at KAERI
Yi, Jinqiao; Shen, Meng; Liu, Sisi; Jiang, Shenglin
2015-12-01
0.35Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.65Pb(Zr0.41Ti0.59)O3 (PNN-PZT) ceramics doped with 0.5PbO-0.5B2O3 glass have been synthesized by the conventional solid-state sintering technique. The effects of 0.5PbO-0.5B2O3 glass on the sintering temperature and piezoelectric properties of PNN-PZT ceramics were studied. The results indicated that the sintering temperature of PNN-PZT was significantly reduced due to the incorporation of 0.5PbO-0.5B2O3 glass dopant. When the content of 0.5PbO-0.5B2O3 glass was 0.5 wt.%, the sintering temperature of PNN-PZT was observed to reduce from above 1200°C to 920°C while the samples maintained high density (7.91 g/cm3), excellent piezoelectric constant ( d 33 = 479 pC/N), large electromechanical coupling coefficient ( K p = 0.55), and relatively low electromechanical quality factor ( Q m = 79). Moreover, large dielectric constant ( ɛ 33 T / ɛ 0 = 2904) and low dielectric loss (tan δ = 0.0166) were obtained in this work.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lojpur, Vesna; Ćulubrk, Sanja; Dramićanin, Miroslav D.
2016-01-01
Herein, Eu 3+ doped Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 nanoparticles were tested for application in ratiometric luminescence thermometry. It is shown that two combinations of emissions: one that uses two emissions of Eu 3+ ions and one that uses one emission of Eu 3+ ions and trap emission of Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 provide thermometry over the 303–423 K temperature range with relative sensitivities between 0.14% K −1 and 0.95% K −1 . Thermometry based on two Eu 3+ emissions from 5 D 0 to 5 D 1 levels has a higher relative sensitivity, but lower absolute sensitivity than thermometry based on one Eu 3+ emission and trap emission of Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 . The tested material is prepared by Pechini-type polymerized complex route and is composed of agglomerated nanoparticles of ~30–50 nm in size with pure-phase cubic structure (space group Fd-3m) as evidenced from electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. - Highlights: • Eu 3+ doped Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 nanoparticles can serve as probes for luminescence thermometry. • Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 trap emission is an excellent internal standard for luminescence thermometry. • Temperature is measured over 303–423 K range with sensitivity ranging 0.14–0.95% K −1 .
Experimental and theoretical study of pure and doped crystals: Gd2O2S, Gd2O2S:Eu3+ and Gd2O2S:Tb3+
Wang, Fei; Chen, Xiumin; Liu, Dachun; Yang, Bin; Dai, Yongnian
2012-08-01
Quantum chemistry and experimental method were used to study on pure and doped Gd2O2S crystals in this paper. The band structure and DOS diagrams of pure and doped Gd2O2S crystals which calculated by using DFT (Density Functional Theory) method were illustrated to explain the luminescent properties of impurities in crystals. The calculations of the crystal structure were finished by using the program of CASTEP (Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package). The samples showed the characteristic emissions of Tb3+ ions with 5D4-7FJ transitions and Eu3+ ions with 5D0-7FJ transitions which emit pure green luminescence and red luminescence respectively. The experimental excitation spectra of Tb3+ and Eu3+ doped Gd2O2S are in agreement of the DOS diagrams over the explored energy range, which has allowed a better understanding of different luminescence mechanisms of Tb3+ and Eu3+ in Gd2O2S crystals.
Nickel-doped (Zr0.8, Sn0.2)TiO4 for microwave and millimeter-wave applications
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ioachim, A.; Banciu, M.G.; Toacsan, M.I.; Nedelcu, L.; Ghetu, D.; Alexandru, H.V.; Stoica, G.; Annino, G.; Cassettari, M.; Martinelli, M.
2005-01-01
(Zr 0.8 , Sn 0.2 )TiO 4 ternary compounds (ZST) have been prepared by conventional solid-state reaction from raw materials. The effects of such sintering parameters as sintering temperature, sintering time, and NiO addition on structural and dielectric properties were investigated. The material exhibits a dielectric constant ε r ∼36.0 and high values of the product Qf of the intrinsic quality factor Q and the frequency f from 32,170 to 50,000 at microwave frequencies. The dielectric loss tan δ values of ZST ceramics are decreased by low-level doping of NiO, while the temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency τ f takes values in the range -2 to +4 ppm/ deg. C. Investigations on whispering gallery modes revealed low dielectric loss in millimetre-wave domain. An intrinsic quality factor of 480 was measured at 115.6 GHz. Dielectric resonators and substrates of ZST material were manufactured. The dielectric properties make the ZST material very attractive to microwave and millimeter-wave applications, such as dielectric resonators, filters, planar antennas, hybrid microwave integrated circuits, etc
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cetinkaya, B.; Tel, H.; Altas, Y.; Eral, M.; Sert, S.; Inan, S.; Talip, Z.
2009-01-01
ZrO 2 -TiO 2 gel spheres were synthesized by sol-gel method. Zr-Ti sol solution was prepared from ZrCl 4 and TiCl 4 (1:1 mol ratio) via partial neutralization by ammonia to obtain 0.5M final metal concentration. ZrO 2 -TiO 2 sol was transferred to vibrating nozzle system by peristaltic pump. Vibrating nozzle system was designed and produced in Institute of Nuclear Sciences. Sol drops formed by nozzle were gelled in gelation column. Synthesized ZrO 2 -TiO 2 spheres were aged for 24h then washed with deionized water and dried in oven. Sr + 2 adsorption behaviors of ZrO 2 -TiO 2 mixed oxides were investigated with central composite design (CCD). Four independent parameters (pH, initial Sr + 2 concentration, temperature and contact time) were investigated with 7 replicates at central points. Sorption data have been interpreted in terms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin Radushkevich equations. Thermodynamic parameters for the sorption system have been determined.
Zhang Qi Chu; Lee, K D; Shen, Y G
2003-01-01
High solar performance Zr-ZrO sub 2 cermet solar coatings were designed using a numerical computer model and deposited experimentally. The layer thickness and Zr metal volume fraction for the Zr-ZrO sub 2 cermet solar selective coatings on a Zr or Al reflector with a surface ZrO sub 2 or Al sub 2 O sub 3 anti-reflection layer were optimized to achieve maximum photo-thermal conversion efficiency at 80 deg. C under concentration factors of 1-20 using the downhill simplex method in multi-dimensions in the numerical calculation. The dielectric function and the complex refractive index of Zr-ZrO sub 2 cermet materials were calculated using Sheng's approximation. Optimization calculations show that Al sub 2 O sub 3 /Zr-ZrO sub 2 /Al solar coatings with two cermet layers and three cermet layers have nearly identical solar absorptance, emittance and photo-thermal conversion efficiency that are much better than those for films with one cermet layer. The optimized Al sub 2 O sub 3 /Zr-ZrO sub 2 /Al solar coating film w...
Thermodynamic study of CVD-ZrO{sub 2} phase diagrams
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Torres-Huerta, A.M., E-mail: atorresh@ipn.m [Research Center for Applied Science and Advanced Technology, Altamira-IPN, Altamira C.P.89600 Tamaulipas (Mexico); Vargas-Garcia, J.R. [Dept of Metallurgical Eng., ESIQIE-IPN, Mexico 07300 D.F. (Mexico); Dominguez-Crespo, M.A. [Research Center for Applied Science and Advanced Technology, Altamira-IPN, Altamira C.P.89600 Tamaulipas (Mexico); Romero-Serrano, J.A. [Dept of Metallurgical Eng., ESIQIE-IPN, Mexico 07300 D.F. (Mexico)
2009-08-26
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of zirconium oxide (ZrO{sub 2}) from zirconium acetylacetonate Zr(acac){sub 4} has been thermodynamically investigated using the Gibbs' free energy minimization method and the FACTSAGE program. Thermodynamic data Cp{sup o}, DELTAH{sup o} and S{sup o} for Zr(acac){sub 4} have been estimated using the Meghreblian-Crawford-Parr and Benson methods because they are not available in the literature. The effect of deposition parameters, such as temperature and pressure, on the extension of the region where pure ZrO{sub 2} can be deposited was analyzed. The results are presented as calculated CVD stability diagrams. The phase diagrams showed two zones, one of them corresponds to pure monoclinic phase of ZrO{sub 2} and the other one corresponds to a mix of monoclinic phase of ZrO{sub 2} and graphite carbon.
One pot synthesized Li, Zr doped porous silica nanoparticle for low temperature CO2 adsorption
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mani Ganesh
2017-05-01
Full Text Available Li, Zr doped porous silica was synthesized in one pot and investigated for low temperature CO2 adsorption. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. The specific surface area, average pore diameter and pore volume were determined to be 962 m2/g, 2.3 nm and 0.56 cm3/g respectively. ICP-AES analysis revealed a metal content of 4 wt.% (Zr and 3.42 wt.% (Li. Their CO2 adsorption capacity was tested at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. An uptake of about 5 wt.% was observed and regenerable at a low temperature of 200 °C. This adsorption and desorption temperature of the sorbent is lower than the reported lithium silicate. The CO2 adsorption–desorption cyclic performance studies illustrated that Li, Zr doped porous silica is a recyclable, selective and potential sorbent for CO2 adsorption.
XPS studies of ceramics with pyrochlore structure for radioactive wastes disposal
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Teterin, Yu.A.; Vukchevich, L.; Ivanov, K.E.; Utkin, I.O; Teterin, A. Yu.; Maslakov, K.I.; Yudintseva, T.S.; Yudintsev, S.V.; Stefanovsky, S.V.; Lapina, M.I. . E-mail address of corresponding author: vukas@rc.pmf.cg.ac.yu; Vukchevich, L.)
2005-01-01
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of ceramics CaThSn 2 O 7 and CaThZr 2 O 7 with pyrochlore structure used as matrixes for the disposal of long lived high level radioactive wastes was done. On the basis of the XPS parameters of the core and outer electrons in the binding energy range 0 - 1000 eV the oxidation states of the included metals were determined, quantitative elemental and ionic analysis was carried out and a conclusion on the monophaseness of the studied samples was drawn. The obtained data agree with the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results. (author)
Yan, Jian-Min; Gao, Guan-Yin; Liu, Yu-Kuai; Wang, Fei-Fei; Zheng, Ren-Kui
2017-10-01
We report the fabrication of lead-free multiferroic structures by depositing ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) polycrystalline films on polished 0.5BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-0.5Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (BZT-BCT) piezoelectric ceramic substrates. By applying electric fields to the BZT-BCT along the thickness direction, the resistivity of LSMO films can be effectively manipulated via the piezoelectric strain of the BZT-BCT. Moreover, the LSMO polycrystalline films exhibit almost temperature independent and significantly enhanced magnetoresistance (MR) below TC. At T = 2 K and H = 8 T, the MR of polycrystalline films is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of LSMO epitaxial films grown on (LaAlO3)0.3(SrAl1/2Ta1/2O3)0.7 single-crystal substrates. The enhanced MR mainly results from the spin-polarized tunneling of charge carriers across grain boundaries. The LSMO/BZT-BCT structures with electric-field controllable modulation of resistivity and enhanced MR effect may have potential applications in low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electronic devices.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jong-Ki An
2018-03-01
Full Text Available The effect of growth temperature on the atomic layer deposition of zirconium oxide (ZrO2 dielectric thin films that were fabricated using a CpZr[N(CH32]3/C7H8 cocktail precursor with ozone was investigated. The chemical, structural, and electrical properties of ZrO2 films grown at temperatures from 250 to 350 °C were characterized. Stoichiometric ZrO2 films formed at 250–350 °C with an atomic ratio of O to Zr of 1.8–1.9 and a low content of carbon impurities. The film formed at 300 °C was predominantly the tetragonal crystalline phase, whereas that formed at 350 °C was a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases. Electrical properties, such as capacitance, leakage current, and voltage linearity of TiN/ZrO2/TiN capacitors fabricated using the thin ZrO2 films grown at different temperatures were compared capacitor applications. The ZrO2 film grown at 300 °C exhibited low impurity content, predominantly tetragonal crystalline structure, a high dielectric permittivity of 38.3, a low leakage current of below 10−7 A/cm2 at 2 V, and low-voltage linearity.
RBS and ion channeling studies of Ag-doped YBa2Cu3O7-δ targets and films
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Li Yupu; Liu, J.R.; Cui, X.T.; Chu, W.K.
1998-01-01
The location of Ag in Ag-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) films and other high-T c materials (such as Ag-doped BiSrCaCuO films and Ag-sheathed textured BiSrCaCuO wires) is a very important issue for improving high-T c materials. In this work, laser ablated and DC magnetron sputtered YBCO films on (100) LaAlO 3 and (100) SrTiO 3 were prepared from sintered Ag-YBCO composite targets (nominally containing 5 wt% Ag) and studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and ion channeling techniques using 2.0 MeV 4 He + and 7 Li + beams. We have found that the Ag-YBCO targets contain about 3 wt% Ag and most of the retained Ag atoms form some small size Ag precipitates with a typical size smaller than a few microns. We have demonstrated that in very good single crystalline YBCO films, the percentage of retained Ag in substitutional sites can be estimated by ion channeling technique. For example, we have found that about 1.2 wt% Ag atoms remain in the laser ablated Ag-doped films prepared from the Ag-YBCO target and about two-thirds of the retained Ag atoms occupy substitutional sites. The sputtered films contain less retained Ag atoms since the deposition temperature is higher and deposition time is longer than those for laser ablated films. (orig.)
Doping and defects in YBa2Cu3O7: Results from hybrid density functional theory
Schwingenschlögl, Udo
2012-06-21
Modified orbital occupation and inhomogeneous charge distribution in high-Tc oxide compounds due to doping and/or defects play a huge role for the material properties. To establish insight into the charge redistribution, we address metallic YBa2Cu3O7 in two prototypical configurations: Ca doped (hole doping) and O deficient (electron doping). By means of first principles calculations for fully relaxed structures, we evaluate the orbital occupations. We find that the change of the charge density, in particular in the CuO2 planes, shows a complex spatial pattern instead of the expected uniform (de-)population of the valence states.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ako, Rajour Tanyi [Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam); Ekanayake, Piyasiri, E-mail: piyasiri.ekanayake@ubd.edu.bn [Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam); Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences (CAMES), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam); Tan, Ai Ling [Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam); Young, David James [Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam); Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558 (Australia); Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research - A*STAR, #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634 (Singapore)
2016-04-01
The effect of Lanthanum ions (La{sup 3+}) on charge trapping in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoanodes has been investigated with doped and surface-treated TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles. Doped nanoparticles consisting of 0.5 mol.% Mg and La co-doped TiO{sub 2}, 0.5 mol.% Mg doped TiO{sub 2} and pure TiO{sub 2} were synthesized by the sol gel method. Surface-treated nanoparticles of Mg doped TiO{sub 2} and pure TiO{sub 2} were prepared by ball milling in 0.05 M aqueous La{sup 3+} solution. All materials were analyzed by XRD, XPS and UV–Vis DRS. Cell performance, surface free energy state changes and electron injection efficiency of DSSCs based on these nanoparticles were evaluated using current –voltage measurements, EIS and Incident photon to current conversion efficiency. Doped materials had La and Mg ions incorporated into the TiO{sub 2} lattice, while no lattice changes were observed for the surface-treated materials. Less visible light was absorbed by treated oxides compared with doped oxide samples. The overall power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of DSSC photoanodes based on doped materials were twice those of photoanodes fabricated from treated nanoparticles. Doping establishes deep traps that reduce the recombination of electron–hole (e–h) pairs. Conversely, the presence of absorbed oxygen in treated materials enhances e–h recombination with electrolyte at surface trap sites. - Highlights: • DSSC performance is investigated using photoanodes of doped and La{sup 3+} surface treated TiO{sub 2}. • TiO{sub 2} and Mg–TiO{sub 2} treated with La{sup 3+} absorbed less visible light. • A high concentration of absorbed oxygen on surface treated oxides reduced band bending. • Increased surface free energy in the modified DSSC anodes is caused more by Mg{sup 2+} at Ti{sup 4+} than by La{sup 3+} at the surfaces. • Near surface charge traps due to La{sup 3+} treatment promotes e–h recombination.
Forming of composites Al2O3-ZrO2 by direct coagulation casting method
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tomaszewska-Grzeda, A.; Szafran, M.
2003-01-01
The role of enzymes in the DCC process in the decomposition of an appropriately selected substance which results in slow liberation over the whole volume of molecules changing the pH or also in the synthesis of salts modifying the double electric layer. The results of using the urease-urea system and the properties of ceramic casting slips, green samples and after sintering with aluminium oxide and Al 2 O 3 -nZrO 2 composites are presented in the paper. The obtained results of studies show a considerable probability of obtaining in the future of Al 2 O 3 -nZrO 2 composites of good strength parameters resulting from their high degree of thickening, providing that a deagglomeration method of nZrO 2 in the above presented processes will be elaborated. (author)
Methanol reformer with water vapor and oxygen in catalysts of Cu/CeO2-ZrO2 to generate H2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Aguila M, M.M.
2007-01-01
modified with the cerium addition to the zirconia having as area in ZrO 2 7m 2 /g and for CeO 2 of 60 m 2 /g and it was modified respectively with a slight decrease of 5 and 56 m 2 /g. The crystalline phases present in the catalysts are the tetragonal and the monoclinic in the catalyst Cu/ZrO 2 ; tetragonal in the catalyst rich in zirconia (Cu/ZC10). For the catalysts Cu/CeO 2 and Cu/ZC90 the cerianite phase is identified (characteristic of the cubic structure of the cerium). In the catalyst Cu/ZC50 a mixture of oxides made up of zirconia-cerium is observed (tetragonal and cubic). The morphology shows semi spheric particles for the materials rich in ZrO 2 and planar added in the materials rich in CeO 2 that in turn form attaches of greater dimensions. All the TPR profiles was characterized to present consumption peaks of H 2 associated with the CuO reduction. The addition of CeO 2 to ZrO 2 promotes the reduction from the CuO at low temperatures regarding to the catalyst Cu/ZrO 2 . It is clearly observed that the biggest activity in the transformation of the methanol was in the catalysts rich in cerium in the whole temperature interval studied. As long as for the catalysts rich in zirconia and in the catalyst Cu/ZC50 the increment in the catalytic activity was smaller in function of the temperature. To the maximum reaction temperature (300 C) it was observed the following behavior: Cu/CeO 2 ≅ Cu/ZC90 > Cu/ZC50 > Cu/ZC10 > Cu/ZrO 2 . It is important to mention that the catalysts more active are those that present peaks of copper reduction to smaller 300 C. As for the selectivity toward the H 2 , in the region of high methanol conversion the rich catalysts in cerium presented bigger selectivity regarding the catalysts rich in zirconia. Due to the methanol conversion increases conforms to it increased the reaction temperature, the decrease in the production of H 2 observed in the catalysts with high zirconia content, it can be associated by the oxidation of H 2 with O 2
Cyan-white-red luminescence from europium doped Al2O3-La2O3-SiO2 glasses.
Yang, Hucheng; Lakshminarayana, G; Zhou, Shifeng; Teng, Yu; Qiu, Jianrong
2008-04-28
Aluminum-lanthanum-silicate glasses with different Eu doping concentration have been synthesized by conventional melt-quenching method at 1680 degrees C in reductive atmosphere. Under 395nm excitation, samples with low Eu doping concentration show mainly the cyan broad emission at 460nm due to 4f(6)5d(1)-4f(7) transition of Eu(2+); and the samples with higher Eu doping concentration show mainly some narrow emissions with maximum at 616nm due to (5)D(0)-(7)F(j) (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions of Eu(3+). Cyan-white-red tunable luminescence under 395nm excitation has been obtained by changing the Eu doping concentration.
Optical and structural characterization of Ge clusters embedded in ZrO2
Agocs, E; Zolnai, Z.; Rossall, A. K.; Van den Berg, Jakob; Fodor, B.; Lehninger, D.; Khomenkova, L.; Ponomaryov, S.; Gudymenko, O.; Yukhymchuk, V.; Kalas, B.; Heitmann, J.; Petrik, P.
2017-01-01
The change of optical and structural properties of Ge nanoclusters in ZrO2 matrix have been investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry versus annealing temperatures. Radio-frequency top-down magnetron sputtering approach was used to produce the samples of different types, i.e. single-layers of pure Ge, pure ZrO2 and Ge-rich-ZrO2 as well as multi-layers stacked of 40 periods of 5-nm-Ge-rich-ZrO2 layers alternated by 5-nm-ZrO2 ones. Germanium nanoclusters in ZrO2 host were formed by rapid-therm...
Yan, Yongke; Cho, Kyung-Hoon; Priya, Shashank
2012-03-01
In this letter, we report the electromechanical properties of textured 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbZrO3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-PZT) composition which has relatively high rhombohedral to tetragonal (R-T) transition temperature (TR-T of 160 °C) and Curie temperature (TC of 234 °C) and explore the effect of Mn-doping on this composition. It was found that MnO2-doped textured PMN-PZT ceramics with 5 vol. % BaTiO3 template (T-5BT) exhibited inferior temperature stability. The coupling factor (k31) of T-5BT ceramic started to degrade from 75 °C while the random counterpart showed a very stable tendency up to 180 °C. This degradation was associated with the "interface region" formed in the vicinity of BT template. MnO2 doped PMN-PZT ceramics textured with 3 vol. % BT and subsequently poled at 140 °C (T-3BT140) exhibited very stable and high k31 (>0.53) in a wide temperature range from room temperature to 130 °C through reduction in the interface region volume. Further, the T-3BT140 ceramic exhibited excellent hard and soft combinatory piezoelectric properties of d33 = 720 pC/N, k31 = 0.53, Qm = 403, tan δ = 0.3% which are very promising for high power and magnetoelectric applications.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chen, Zhongsheng, E-mail: zhshcheng@ecit.cn [State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013 (China); Wang, Min; Wang, Haiqing; Le, Zhanggao; Huang, Guolin; Zou, Lixia; Liu, Zhirong [State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013 (China); Wang, Dianyuan; Wang, Qingkai [College of Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005 (China); Gong, Weiping [Electronic Science Department, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001 (China)
2014-09-01
Highlights: • Co-doped (Y{sub 0.99−x}Ho{sub 0.01}Yb{sub x}){sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} nanophosphors were fabricated by gel-combustion method. • The effect of calcination and Yb{sup 3+} doping on upconverting spectra of nanophosphors was studied. • The dependence of upconverting intensity on the excitation power was examined. - Abstract: Yb{sup 3+}, Ho{sup 3+} co-doped pyrochlore-structured (Y{sub 0.99−x}Ho{sub 0.01}Yb{sub x}){sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} (x = 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mol%) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully fabricated via a gel-combustion approach. The products as-obtained were characterized by various techniques, i.e. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transformed infrared spectra and upconverting spectra. The results indicate that the bright green (∼540 nm) and red (∼660 nm) emissions are observed in Y{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Ho{sup 3+},Yb{sup 3+} NPs under the 980 nm excitation, which is ascribed to the radiative transitions ({sup 5}F{sub 4},{sup 5}S{sub 2}) → {sup 5}I{sub 8} and {sup 5}F{sub 5} → {sup 5}I{sub 8} of Ho{sup 3+} ions, respectively. It is also found that the calcining temperature and Yb{sup 3+} ion doping level have a great influence on the upconverting spectra of (Y{sub 0.99−x}Ho{sub 0.01}Yb{sub x}){sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} NPs. The emission intensities increase initially and then fall down from 800 to 1000 °C. The optimum doping level of Yb{sup 3+} ions is 7.5 mol%, and the intensity of upconverting emissions for (Y{sub 0.915}Ho{sub 0.01}Yb{sub 0.075}){sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} NPs is enhanced by the fold of 32 compared to the Yb{sup 3+}-free samples. The dependence of upconverting intensity on the excitation power reveals the contribution of two photons to both the green and red upconverting process under lower excitation power, and the possible upconverting mechanisms have been proposed accordingly.
The effect of La2O3 in Tm3+-doped germanate-tellurite glasses for ~2 μm emission
Peng, Ya-Pei; Yuan, Xinqiang; Zhang, Junjie; Zhang, Long
2014-01-01
A germanate-tellurite glass (GeO2-TeO2-K2O-Nb2O5-La2O3) with thulium doping has been investigated for application as a laser material around 2.0 μm regions. Under the 808 nm laser diode pumped, intense 1.8 μm emission is obtained. Based on the absorption spectra, radiative properties are predicted using Judd-Ofelt theory. The maximum value of emission cross-section of Tm3+ around 1.8 μm can reach 1.46 × 10−20 cm2, which indicated that the germanate-tellurite glass may provide high gain as a g...
Growth of TiO2-ZrO2 Binary Oxide Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Than Than Win; Aye Myint Myat Kywe; Shwe Yee Win; Honey Thaw; Yin Maung Maung; Ko Ko Kyaw Soe
2011-12-01
TiO2-ZrO2 fine binary oxide was prepared by mechanochemical milling process to be homogeneous binary oxide powder. TiO2-ZrO2 paste was deposited on microscopic glass slide by rolling. It was immersed in the henna solution and annealed at 100C for 2h. It was deposited onto another glass slide and used as counter electrode (second electrode). Two glass slides were offset and two binder clips were used to hold the electrodes together. Photovoltaic properties of TiO2-ZrO2 cell were measured and it was expected to utilize the dye sensitized solar cells application.
Positron lifetime studies in undoped and Sr doped La2CuO4
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sundar, C.S.; Bharathi, A.; Hariharan, Y.; Vasumathi, D.
1992-01-01
The results of positron lifetime measurements as a function of temperature, in undoped and Sr doped La 2 CuO 4 are presented. A second component of lifetime with a value of 225 ps is seen to develop after 100degC, whose intensity grows sharply in the range of 100degC to 250degC. The mean lifetime increases from 170 ps to 207 ps as the temperature is increased from room temperature to 300degC. Using the results of the theoretical calculations of positron lifetimes at vacancies in La 2 CuO 4 , it is argued that the increase in lifetime with temperature is due to positron trapping at the thermally generated La vacancies. From a two state trapping model analysis, the formation energy is estimated to be 0.39±0.04 eV
Ai, Na; Li, Na; Rickard, William D A; Cheng, Yi; Chen, Kongfa; Jiang, San Ping
2017-03-09
Direct assembly is a newly developed technique in which a cobaltite-based perovskite (CBP) cathode can be directly applied to a barrier-layer-free Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 (YSZ) electrolyte with no high-temperature pre-sintering steps. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on directly assembled CBPs such as La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ show high performance initially but degrade rapidly under SOFC operation conditions at 750 °C owing to Sr segregation and accumulation at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, the performance and interface of Sr-free CBPs such as LaCoO 3-δ (LC) and Sm 0.95 CoO 3-δ (SmC) and their composite cathodes directly assembled on YSZ electrolyte was studied systematically. The LC electrode underwent performance degradation, most likely owing to cation demixing and accumulation of La on the YSZ electrolyte under polarization at 500 mA cm -2 and 750 °C. However, the performance and stability of LC electrodes could be substantially enhanced by the formation of LC-gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) composite cathodes. Replacement of La by Sm increased the cell stability, and doping of 5 % Pd to form Sm 0.95 Co 0.95 Pd 0.05 O 3-δ (SmCPd) significantly improved the electrode activity. An anode-supported YSZ-electrolyte cell with a directly assembled SmCPd-GDC composite electrode exhibited a peak power density of 1.4 W cm -2 at 750 °C, and an excellent stability at 750 °C for over 240 h. The higher stability of SmC as compared to that of LC is most likely a result of the lower reactivity of SmC with YSZ. This study demonstrates the new opportunities in the design and development of intermediate-temperature SOFCs based on the directly assembled high-performance and durable Sr-free CBP cathodes. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Structural and thermal studies of H2La2/3Ta2O7, a protonated layered perovskite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Le Berre, F.; Crosnier-Lopez, M.P.; Fourquet, J.L.
2006-01-01
We have synthesised the new protonated layered perovskite H 2 La 2/3 Ta 2 O 7 which is related to the Ruddlesden-Popper family. This compound is obtained by ionic exchange starting from Li 2 La 2/3 Ta 2 O 7 maintained in dilute HNO 3 at 60 deg. C. Thermal X-ray diffraction and DTA/TGA revealed interesting dehydration properties with formation of a layered anhydrous phase leading at higher temperature (1550 deg. C) to La 1/3 TaO 3 . This latter compound exhibits the original lanthanum ordering expected similarly to that of the Li form, while at 900 deg. C a metastable form, presenting a disordered La distribution, is observed
Naveen Kumar Reddy, B; Sailaja, S; Thyagarajan, K; Jho, Young Dahl; Sudhakar Reddy, B
2018-05-01
Four series of borosilicate glasses modified by alkali oxides and doped with Tb 3+ and Sm 3+ ions were prepared using the conventional melt quenching technique, with the chemical composition 74.5B 2 O 3 + 10SiO 2 + 5MgO + R + 0.5(Tb 2 O 3 /Sm 2 O 3 ) [where R = 10(Li 2 O /Na 2 O/K 2 O) for series A and C, and R = 5(Li 2 O + Na 2 O/Li 2 O + K 2 O/K 2 O + Na 2 O) for series B and D]. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the prepared glasses indicate their amorphous nature. The spectroscopic properties of the prepared glasses were studied by optical absorption analysis, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. A green emission corresponding to the 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 (543 nm) transition of the Tb 3+ ions was registered under excitation at 379 nm for series A and B glasses. The emission spectra of the Sm 3+ ions with the series C and D glasses showed strong reddish-orange emission at 600 nm ( 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 ) with an excitation wavelength λ exci = 404 nm ( 6 H 5/2 → 4 F 7/2 ). Furthermore, the change in the luminescence intensity with the addition of an alkali oxide and combinations of these alkali oxides to borosilicate glasses doped with Tb 3+ and Sm 3+ ions was studied to optimize the potential alkali-oxide-modified borosilicate glass. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
William Wilson Anku
2016-08-01
Full Text Available This paper reports the degradation of indigo carmine and eosin Y dyes in water, catalyzed by cobalt and multiwalled carbon nanotube modified zirconium oxide nanocomposite (Co-ZrO2-MWCNTs under simulated visible light. The bare ZrO2, ZrO2-MWCNTs, Co-ZrO2 and Co-ZrO2-MWCNTs with different percentage compositions of cobalt were synthesized by homogeneous co-precipitation method. Characterization of the prepared nanocomposites was carried out using X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD, Fourier Transformer Infrared (FTIR Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM, Raman Spectroscopy, (UV–Vis-Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS for their structure, formation, morphology, size and elemental analysis. The experimental results indicated that all the cobalt and MWCNTs modified nanocomposites demonstrated higher photocatalytic activities compared to the bare ZrO2. The most efficient catalyst (0.5% Co-ZrO2-MWCNTs with the band gap and Ka values of 5.21 eV and 16.86×10−3 min−1 respectively exhibited 98% degradation efficiency toward indigo carmine and 87% toward eosin Y in 180 min.
Extreme biomimetic approach for synthesis of nanocrystalline chitin-(Ti,Zr)O2 multiphase composites
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wysokowski, Marcin; Motylenko, Mykhaylo; Rafaja, David; Koltsov, Iwona; Stöcker, Hartmut; Szalaty, Tadeusz J.; Bazhenov, Vasilii V.; Stelling, Allison L.; Beyer, Jan; Heitmann, Johannes; Jesionowski, Teofil; Petovic, Slavica; Đurović, Mirko; Ehrlich, Hermann
2017-01-01
This work presents an extreme biomimetics route for the modification of the surface of fibre-based scaffolds of poriferan origin by the creation of novel nanostructured multiphase biocomposites. The exceptional thermal stability of the nanostructured sponge chitin allowed for the formation of a novel nanocrystalline chitin-(Ti,Zr)O 2 composite with a well-defined nanoscale structure under hydrothermal conditions (160 °C). Using a combination of experimental techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, EDX mapping and near-edge electron loss spectroscopy (ELNES) in TEM and thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry coupled with mass spectrometry; we showed that this bioorganic scaffold facilitates selective crystallization of TiO 2 , predominantly in form of anatase, over the monoclinic zirconium dioxide (baddeleyite). The control of the crystal morphology through the chitin templates is also demonstrated. Obtained samples were characterized in terms of their photoluminescent properties and photocatalytic performance. These data confirm the high potential of the extreme biomimetics approach for developing a new generation of multiphase biopolymer-based nanostructured materials. - Highlights: • Extreme biomimetically prepared chitin-(Ti,Zr)O 2 and (Ti,Zr)O 2 composites. • Chitin-(Ti,Zr)O 2 composite contains anatase as the most inorganic component. • The mean crystallite size is (31.7 ± 0.3) nm for chitin-(Ti,Zr)O 2 composite. • The mean crystallite size is (2.4 ± 0.5) nm for (Ti,Zr)O 2 composite. • (Ti,Zr)O 2 composite is 2 times more effective photocatalyst than chitin-(Ti,Zr)O 2 .
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kuo, Chih-Wei; Lee, Kuen-Chan; Yen, Feng-Lin; Shen, Yun-Hwei; Lee, Huey-Er; Wen, Shaw-Bing; Wang, Moo-Chin; Stack, Margaret Mary
2014-01-01
Highlights: • The crystalline structures were composed of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO 2 . • Growth kinetics of t-ZrO 2 in the 3Y-PSZ precursor powder is described as: D te 2 =(4.57±0.55)t 0.12±0.02 exp(-((24.79±0.38)×10 3 )/(RT) ). • Growth kinetics of m-ZrO 2 in the 3Y-PSZ precursor powder is described as: D m 2 =(4.40±1.63)t 0.17±0.08 exp(-((66.47±3.97)×10 3 )/(RT) ). - Abstract: The growth kinetics of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO 2 crystallites in 3 mol% yttria partially stabilized ZrO 2 (3Y-PSZ) precursor powder has been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). After calcination of the 3Y-PSZ precursor powder between 773 and 1073 K for 2 h, the crystalline structures were composed of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO 2 as the primary and secondary phases, respectively. When the 3Y-PSZ precursor powder was calcined at 773 K for 2 h, the BET specific surface area was 97.13 m 2 /g, which is equivalent to a particle size of 10.30 nm. The crystallite sizes determined via XRD and BET agreed well, indicating that the powder was virtually non-agglomerated. The growth kinetics of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO 2 crystallite isothermal growth in the 3Y-PSZ precursor powder are described by: D te 2 =(4.57±0.55)t 0.12±0.02 exp(-((24.79±0.38)×10 3 )/(RT) ) and D m 2 =(4.40±1.63)t 0.17±0.08 exp(-((66.47±3.97)×10 3 )/(RT) ), respectively, for 773K≤T≤1073K. D te and D m denote the crystallite size of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO 2 at time t and temperature T, respectively
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pirou, Stéven; Bermudez, Jose M.; Tak Na, Beom
2018-01-01
Self-standing, planar dual-phase oxygen transport membranes consisting of 70 vol.% (ZrO2)0.89(Y2O3)0.01(Sc2O3)0.10 (10Sc1YSZ) and 30 vol.% LaCr0.85Cu0.10Ni0.05O3-δ (LCCN) were successfully developed and tested. The stability of the composite membrane was studied in simulated oxy-fuel power plant...
A quantum mechanical study of La-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Stashans, Arvids; Maldonado, Frank
2007-01-01
Lanthanum-modified Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) crystals have been investigated applying a quantum-mechanical approach based on the Hartree-Fock theory. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), PbZr 0.53 Ti 0.47 O 3 , of the crystal was considered throughout the study. The obtained results show the outward atomic displacements with respect to the La impurity within the defective region and also the increase of covalent nature in the chemical bonding of the material. These outcomes are discussed and analyzed in light of the available experimental data. The occurrence of Jahn-Teller self-trapped electron polarons is predicted in the present report
Microestructura de Al2O3/TZP codopado con Fe2O3 y TiO2 fabricado por reacción (RBAO
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jiménez, M.
2003-02-01
Full Text Available Reaction-bonded 80 vol% Al2O3/TZP (2 mol% Y2O3-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals composites co-doped with 1 vol% Fe2O3 and 1 vol% TiO2 have been produced, and then presureless sintered (1450 ºC, 60 min or sinter-forged (20 MPa, 1200 ºC, 60 min. The resulting microstructures have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Both types of materials are dense, with a fine and homogeneous dual microstructure consisting of Al2O3 and TZP grains without intermediate grain boundary phases. Sinter-forged composites exhibit a very narrow pore size distribution, essentially smaller than the grain size of the alumina and zirconia phases. Co-doping promotes the sintering of alumina at lower temperatures, while still retains a fine grain size due to the presence of the dispersed zirconia phase. First results on presureless sintered RBAO materials show a fracture strength higher than in conventionally sintered and sinter-forged composites.Se han fabricado compuestos de 80% vol. Al2O3/TZP (ZrO2 estabilizada con 2% mol Y2O3 codopados con 1% vol. Fe2O3 y 1% vol. TiO2 mediante la tecnología RBAO (“Reaction Bonding of Aluminum Oxide”, que se han sinterizado libremente (1450 ºC, 60 min y bajo carga uniaxial (20 MPa, 1200 ºC, 60 min. Se ha caracterizado la microestructura mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido. Ambos materiales son densos con una microestructura homogénea formada por granos de alúmina y de circona, sin fases en juntas de grano. En el caso de la sinterización bajo carga, la distribución del tamaño de los poros es muy estrecha, y esencialmente menor que las correspondientes a los granos de Al2O3 y TZP. El codopado promueve la sinterización de la alúmina, mientras que los granos dispersos de circona inhiben su crecimiento de grano. Los ensayos preliminares de flexión en cuatro puntos realizados sobre los materiales sinterizados sin carga indican una resistencia a la fractura superior a la que presentan los
Ion irradiation of rare-earth- and yttrium-titanate-pyrochlores
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang, S.X.; Wang, L.M.; Ewing, R.C.; Govindan Kutty, K.V.
2000-01-01
Pyrochlore, A 1-2 B 2 O 6 (O,OH,F) 0-1 , is an actinide-bearing phase in Synroc, a polyphase ceramic proposed for the immobilization of high level nuclear waste. Structural damage due to alpha-decay events can significantly affect the chemical and physical stability of the nuclear waste form. Pyrochlore can effectively incorporate a variety of actinides into its structure. Four titanate pyrochlores were synthesized with compositions of Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 , Sm 2 Ti 2 O 7 , Eu 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Y 2 Ti 2 O 2 . These samples were irradiated with 1 MeV Kr + in order to simulate alpha-decay damage and were observed by in situ electron microscopy. Irradiations were conducted from 25 K to 1023 K. At room temperature, Gd-, Sm- and Eu-pyrochlores amorphized at a dose of ∼2x10 14 ions/cm 2 (∼0.5 dpa) and Y-pyrochlore amorphized at 4x10 14 ions/cm 2 (∼0.8 dpa). The amorphization dose became higher at elevated temperatures with different rates of increase for each composition. The critical temperatures for amorphization are ∼1100 K for Gd-, Sm-, Eu-pyrochlore and ∼780 K for Y-pyrochlore. The rare-earth-pyrochlores are more susceptible to amorphization and have higher critical temperatures than Y-pyrochlore. The difference in amorphization dose and critical temperature is attributed to the different cascade sizes caused by the different cation masses of the target. Based on a model of cascade quenching, the larger cascade is related to a lower amorphization dose and higher critical temperature. The irradiated materials were studied by electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. All the pyrochlores transformed to a fluorite substructure prior to the completion of amorphization of the observed regions. This transformation was caused by the disordering between cations and between oxygen and oxygen vacancies. The concurrence of cation disordering with amorphization suggests the partial recrystallization of the displacement cascades. Isolated cascade damage
Structure and defect studies of In2O3:Zn,Zr for higher stability TCO
Herwadkar, Aditi; Kim, Kwiseon
2010-03-01
The defects structures among the transparent conducting oxides (TCO) plays a major role in determining stability of the oxide over a temperature range and in tuning electrical and optical properties for the different TCO applications In2O3 crystallizes in the cubic bixbyite structure. The structure can be derived from the related fluorite structure by removing one fourth of the anions and allowing for small shifts of the ionic positions. In2O3 has two non-equivalent six-fold coordinated cation sites. For one of the sites, the cation is bounded by two structural vacancy along the body diagonal and for the other non-equivalent site the vacancies lie along the face diagonal. These vacancies are actually empty oxygen vacancy positions. Indium is in +3 charge state. ZnO on the other hand crystallizes to form wurtzite structure with four-fold coordination for Zn and is in +2 charge state where as the crystal structure of ZrO is rulite with Zr in +4 charge state and is four fold coordinated. Co-doping of Zn and Zr with each substituting the In atom satisfies the octet rule and is lower in energy then the individual substitutions with overall neutrality. The formation enthalpy as a function of pair (Zn, Zr) shows a minimum at experimental composition of In2(Zn,Zr)3O24. We in this work present the electronic structure optimization and study the defect states in this material.
Improving iron-enriched basalt with additions of ZrO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Reimann, G.A.; Kong, P.C.
1993-06-01
The iron-enriched basalt (IEB) waste form, developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory a decade ago, was modified to IEB4 by adding sufficient ZrO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} to develop crystals of zirconolite upon cooling, in addition to the crystals that normally form in a cooling basalt. Zirconolite (CaZrTi{sub 2}O{sub 7}) is an extremely leach-resistant mineral with a strong affinity for actinides. Zirconolite crystals containing uranium and thorium have been found that have endured more than 2 billion years of natural processes. On this basis, zirconolite was considered to be an ideal host crystal for the actinides contained in transuranic (TRU)-contaminated wastes. Crystals of zirconolite were developed in laboratory melts of IEB4 that contained 5% each of ZrO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} and that were slow-cooled in the 1200--1000{degrees}C range. When actinide surrogates were added to IEB4, these oxides were incorporated into the crystals of zirconolite rather than precipitating in the residual glass phase. Zirconolite crystals developed in IEB4 should stabilize and immobilize the dilute TRUs in heterogeneous, buried low-level wastes as effectively as this same phase does in the various formulations of Synroc used for the more concentrated TRUs encountered in high-level wastes. Synroc requires hot-pressing equipment, while IEB4 precipitates zirconolite from a cooling basaltic melt.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Spassov, D., E-mail: d_spassov@abv.bg [Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzarigradsko Chaussee 72, Sofia 1784 (Bulgaria); Skeparovski, A. [Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje (Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of); Paskaleva, A. [Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzarigradsko Chaussee 72, Sofia 1784 (Bulgaria); Novkovski, N. [Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje (Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of)
2016-09-01
The electrical properties of multilayered HfO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/ZrO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} metal-oxide semiconductor capacitors were investigated in order to evaluate the possibility of their application in charge-trapping non-volatile memory devices. The stacks were deposited by reactive radiofrequency magnetron sputtering on Si substrates with thermal SiO{sub 2} with a thickness ranging from 2 to 5 nm. Both types of stacks show negative initial oxide charge and its density is higher for HfO{sub 2}-based structures. Memory window up to 6V at sweeping voltage range of ± 16V was obtained for HfO{sub 2}-based stacks. The hysteresis in these structures is mainly due to a trapping of electrons injected from the Si substrate. The charge-trapping properties of ZrO{sub 2}-based samples are compromised by the high leakage currents and the dielectric breakdown. The conduction through the capacitors at low applied voltages results from hopping of thermally excited electrons from one isolated state to another. The energy depth of the traps participating in the hopping conduction was determined as ~ 0.7 eV for the HfO{sub 2}-based layers and ~ 0.6 eV for ZrO{sub 2}-based ones, originating from negatively charged oxygen vacancies. At high electric fields, the current voltage characteristics were interpreted in terms of space charge limited currents, Fowler–Nordheim tunneling, Schottky emission, and Poole–Frenkel mechanism. The charge retention characteristics do not depend on the thickness of the tunnel SiO{sub 2}. - Highlights: • Sputtered HfO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/HfO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/ZrO{sub 2} charge-trapping layers were studied. • HfO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/HfO{sub 2} stacks show memory window up to 6 V and good retention times. • Negatively charged oxygen vacancies were identified as main defects in the stacks. • Electrical breakdown compromise the charge-trapping properties
Phonon Dynamics and Multipolar Isomorphic Transition in β-Pyrochlore KOs2O6
Hattori, Kazumasa
2011-02-01
We investigate with a microscopic model anharmonic K-cation oscillation observed by neutron experiments in β-pyrochlore superconductor KOs2O6, which also shows a mysterious first-order structural transition at Tp = 7.5 K. We have identified a set of microscopic model parameters that successfully reproduce the observed tem perature dependence and the superconducting transition temperature. Considering changes in the parameters at Tp, we can explain puzzling experimental results about electron--phonon coupling and neutron data. Our analysis demonstrates that the first-order transition is multipolar transition driven by the octupolar component of K-cation oscillations. The octupole moment does not change the symmetry and is characteristic to noncentrosymmetric K-cation potential.
Anisotropic vortex pinning in the β-pyrochlore oxide superconductor KOs 2O 6
Ishii, Y.; Yamaura, J.; Okamoto, Y.; Maeda, A.; Hiroi, Z.
2011-11-01
Vortex pinning in the β-pyrochlore oxide superconductor KOs2O6 with Tc = 9.6 K is investigated by measuring magnetic torque. A large anisotropy of magnetic torque is observed in the superconducting state below Tp = 7.6 K, where a first-order structural transition takes place, in spite of the inherent isotropic nature of the structural and electronic properties. Magnetic torque is enhanced at external magnetic fields parallel to the [1 1 1] and [0 0 1] directions. Moreover, a pronounced peak effect is also observed in the magnetic field dependence of the torque in these two directions. We consider that the observed anisotropy is related to a microstructure associated with the structural transition.
Superconducting properties of Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa Heusler compounds
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Saad Alzahrani
2017-05-01
Full Text Available The superconducting properties of a series of Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, dc magnetization, and ac susceptibility measurements. While the parent compound, ZrNi2Ga, exhibited the cubic L21 Heusler structure, multiple non-cubic structures formed in the Zr and Ni rich doped materials. For x ≤ 0.3, all Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds demonstrated superconducting behavior, but no superconductivity was observed in the Zr1+xNi2-xGa alloys for x > 0.2. The magnetization data revealed that all materials in both Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa series exhibited type-II superconductivity. With increasing doping concentration x, the paramagnetic ordering were enhanced in both systems while the superconducting properties were found to weaken. The observations are discussed considering the structural disorders in the systems.
Effect of Preparation Methods on Al2O3 Supported CuO-CeO2-ZrO2 Catalysts for CO Oxidation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gaurav Rattan
2012-12-01
Full Text Available To examine the effect of preparation methods, four catalyst samples having same composition (CuCe5.17Zr3.83Ox/g-Al2O3 (15wt% were prepared by four different methods for CO oxidation. The catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation, citric acid sol-gel, urea nitrate combustion and urea gelation co-precipitation methods, and characterized by BET, XRD, TGA/DSC and SEM. The The air oxidation of CO was carried out in a tubular fixed bed reactor under the following operating conditions: catalyst weight - 100 mg, temperature - ambient to 250 oC, pressure - atmospheric, 2.5% CO in air, total feed rate - 60 ml/min. It was observed that the catalytic activity greatly influenced by the preparation methods. The highest activity of the catalyst prepared by the sol gel method appeared to be associated with its largest BET surface area. All the four catalysts were active for CO oxidation and did not show deactivation of catalytic activity for 50 hours of continuous runs. The ranking order of the preparation methods of the catalyst is as follows: sol-gel > co-impregnation > urea gelation > urea nitrate combustion. Copyright © 2012 by BCREC UNDIP. All rights reservedReceived: 14th June 2012, Revised: 8th September 2012, Accepted: 19th September 2012[How to Cite: G. Rattan, R. Prasad, R.C.Katyal. (2012. Effect of Preparation Methods on Al2O3 Supported CuO-CeO2-ZrO2 Catalysts for CO Oxidation. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 7(2: 112-123. doi:10.9767/bcrec.7.2.3646.112-123] [How to Link / DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.7.2.3646.112-123 ] | View in
Effect of the annealing temperature of thin Hf0.3Zr0.7O2 films on their energy storage behavior
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Park, Min Hyuk; Kim, Han Joon; Kim, Yu Jin; Moon, Taehwan; Kim, Keum Do; Hwang, Cheol Seong
2014-01-01
With increasing annealing temperature (T anneal ), the magnitude of the electric fields for the antiferroelectric-to-ferro-electric (E AF ) and ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric (E FA ) transition of a 9.2 nm thick Hf 0.3 Zr 0.7 O 2 film decreased. The energy storage densities of the Hf 0.3 Zr 0.7 O 2 films crystallized at 400 C, 500 C, and 600 C were as large as 42.2 J/cm 3 , 40.4 J/cm 3 , and 28.3 J/cm 3 , respectively, at the electric field of 4.35 MV/cm. The maximum dielectric constant of the Hf 0.3 Zr 0.7 O 2 film crystallized at 600 C was the largest (∝46) as it had the smallest E AF and E FA , whereas the leakage current density of the film crystallized at 400 C was the smallest. The 400 C of T anneal was the optimum condition for energy storage application. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)
Properties of lithium disilicate reinforced with ZrO_2 (3mol%Y_2O_3
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Alves, M.F.R.P.; Cossu, C.M.F.A.; Santos, C.; Simba, B.G.
2016-01-01
The new generation of dental ceramics based on lithium disilicate, Li_2Si_2O_5, allows the production of restorative prosthetic with reduced times compared to alumina and / or zirconia (Y-TZP). A great limitation of their use is related low fracture strength of such glass-ceramics, which reduces their use in unit fixed prosthesis. In this work, lithium disilicate reinforced with 10% ZrO_2 (3-mol% Y_2O_3) is characterized by relative density, crystalline phase, hardness, fracture toughness and microstructural aspects. Lithium metasilicate and tetragonal zirconia, prior to heat treatment. After thermal treatment under vacuum at 840 deg C-8min the lithium metasilicate is converted to lithium disilicate as the ZrO_2 phase remains in the tetragonal structure. This maintenance of the tetragonal phase ensures the material a good fracture toughness, reaching average values near 2MPam"1"/"2, while the average hardness of 600HV. Morphological analysis of the samples indicates that ZrO_2 particles are uniformly dispersed in the matrix composed of high aspect ratio lithium disilicate grains, which contributes to the results presented.. A critical analysis of the performance of toughening mechanisms such as cracks deflection, phase transformation of ZrO_2 (T-M), residual stress between the matrix and the reinforcement are presented, discussed and compared with other ceramic materials used in dentistry restorer. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Silva, F.N.; Dantas, J.; Costa, A.C.F.M., E-mail: nilson.s@hotmail.com [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), PB (Brazil). Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia de Materiais; Pallone, E.M.J.A. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP (Brazil). Departamento de Ciencias Basicas; Dutra, R.C.L. [Instituto de Aeronautica e Espaco (AQI/IAE), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Divisao de Quimica
2014-07-01
This study evaluates the performance of commercial and sulfated ZrO{sub 2} for future application in catalysis. Commercial ZrO{sub 2} was provided by the company Saint-Gobain Zirpro. The sulfation occurred with SO{sub 4}{sup -2} ion content of 30% compared to the mass of ZrO{sub 2}. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, EDX and GD. The results revealed the formation of a monoclinic phase for the commercial sample, and a monoclinic major phase with tetragonal traces for the sulfated sample. The commercial ZrO{sub 2} showed a narrow, bimodal and asymmetric agglomerates distribution, while the sulfated sample showed a narrow, tetramodal and asymmetric agglomerates distribution. The presence of traces of the tetragonal phase in the SO{sub 4}{sup -2}/ZrO{sub 2} XRD, and the presence of SO{sub 3} in the EDX were good indicators for future use in catalysis to provide ester. (author)
Investigation on the effect of Zr doping in ZnO thin films by spray pyrolysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gokulakrishnan, V.; Parthiban, S.; Jeganathan, K.; Ramamurthi, K.
2011-01-01
Zirconium doped zinc oxide thin films with enhanced optical transparency were prepared on Corning 1737 glass substrates at the substrate temperature of 400 o C by spray pyrolysis method for various doping concentrations of zirconium (IV) chloride in the spray solution. The X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the films exhibit hexagonal crystal structure with polycrystalline grains oriented along (0 0 2) direction. The crystalline quality of the films is found to be deteriorating with the increase of doping concentration and acquires amorphous state for higher concentration of 8 at.% in precursor solution. The average transmittance for 5 at.% (solution) zirconium doped ZnO film is significantly increased to ∼92% in the visible region of 500-800 nm. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of films show a band edge between 3.41 and 3.2 eV and strong blue emission at 2.8 eV irrespective of doping concentration and however intensity increases consistently with doping levels. The vacuum annealing at 400 o C reduced the resistivity of the films significantly due to the coalescence of grains and the lowest resistivity of 2 x 10 -3 Ω cm is observed for 3 at.% (solution) Zr doped ZnO films which envisages that it is a good candidate for stable TCO material.
Electronic structure of layered ferroelectric high-k titanate La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Atuchin, V V [Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 90, 630090 (Russian Federation); Gavrilova, T A [Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Submicron Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 90, 630090 (Russian Federation); Grivel, J-C [Materials Research Department, National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde (Denmark); Kesler, V G, E-mail: atuchin@thermo.isp.nsc.r [Laboratory of Physical Bases of Integrated Microelectronics, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 90, 630090 (Russian Federation)
2009-02-07
The electronic structure of binary titanate La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Spectral features of valence band and all constituent element core levels have been considered. The Auger parameters of titanium and oxygen in La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} are determined as alpha{sub Ti} = 872.4 and alpha{sub O} = 1042.3 eV. Chemical bonding effects have been discussed with binding energy (BE) differences DELTA{sub Ti} = (BE O 1s - BE Ti 2p{sub 3/2}) = 71.6 eV and DELTA{sub La} = (BE La 3d{sub 5/2} - BE O 1s) = 304.7 eV as key parameters in comparison with those in several titanium- and lanthanum-bearing oxides.