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Sample records for donante vivo supervivencia

  1. Influencia del perfil clínico del donante, receptor y tiempo de isquemia en la supervivencia del trasplante cardíaco. Subanálisis del Registro Español de Trasplante Cardíaco

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    María J. Paniagua

    2015-11-01

    Conclusiones: Muchas características del donante y el receptor, así como el tiempo de isquemia, influyen en la supervivencia del TC. El acúmulo de variables consideradas no óptimas repercutirá negativamente y de forma significativa en la supervivencia del TC.

  2. Trasplante renal con HLA idéntico de donante vivo y cadavérico: experiencia de la Fundación Valle de Lili, Cali, Colombia

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    Caicedo, Luis Armando; Gómez-Vega, Juan Carlos; Duque, Mauricio Francisco; Serrano, Óscar Javier; Manzi, Eliana; Arrunátegui, Ana María; Posada, Juan Guillermo; Mesa, Liliana; Schweineberg, Johanna; Durán, Carlos Eduardo; Villegas, Jorge Iván; Dávalos, Diana María; Echeverri, Gabriel Jaime

    2016-01-01

    Introducción: En el trasplante renal con HLA idéntico los episodios de rechazo agudo son menores y tienen mejores tasas de supervivencia del injerto, comparado con los receptores con HLA no idéntico; a pesar de esto, persiste el dilema en cuanto al retiro o la disminución de la dosis de inmunosupresión. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la experiencia de los trasplantes renales con HLA idéntico de donante vivo y cadavérico que se han realizado en la Fundación Valle del Lili desde 1995 ...

  3. Perfil sociosanitario e información a donantes y receptores renales de vivo en tres hospitales andaluces

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    Manuel-Ángel Calvo-Calvo

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Antecedentes: La información suministrada por profesionales sanitarios a posibles donantes y receptores es fundamental para una decisión autónoma y objetiva de donar un riñón en vida. Objetivos: Conocer las características de la información que reciben los donantes y receptores renales de vivo, averiguando su perfil sociosanitario, sus características sociodemográficas, económico-laborales, de salud y la actividad cuidadora de dichos donantes y receptores. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, de la población de donantes y receptores renales de vivo, de los Hospitales Universitarios Puerta del Mar (Cádiz, Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla y Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, entre el 8 de abril de 2014 y el 8 de junio de 2015. Resultados y conclusiones: Según los 40 donantes y 40 receptores renales de vivo encuestados, los facultativos de nefrología son principalmente quienes dan a conocer e informan sobre la donación renal en vida. Casi la mitad de receptores demandan más información, por lo que se deberían actualizar los procesos de evaluación y de información antes de la donación. En general, el donante renal vivo es mujer, de 50 años, con estudios de Primaria/ESO, vive en pareja, está emparentado con el receptor del riñón, realiza un trabajo remunerado, tiene sobrepeso, percibe su salud como muy buena o buena, y no fuma ni consume alcohol. Sin embargo, el receptor renal tipo es hombre, con 44 años, tiene estudios de bachillerato/FP, no trabaja, percibe su salud como buena o regular, y son personas independientes para las actividades de la vida diaria. Abstract: Background: Information provided by health professionals to potential donors and recipients is essential for an autonomous and objective decision to make a living kidney donation. Objectives: To determine the characteristics of the information received by living kidney donors and recipients, to find out their socio

  4. Validación del KDRI/KPDI para la selección de donantes renales con criterios expandidos

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    Raimundo M García del Moral Martín

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Introducción: El KDRI y su variante KDPI son dos herramientas utilizadas para la valoración del donante renal. Se ha propuesto la utilidad del KDPI como sustituto/complementario a la biopsia renal preimplantación. Estos scores no están validados en España. Objetivo: 1 Investigar la concordancia entre los scores KDPI e histológico (biopsia renal preimplantación, y 2 valorar la relación entre el KDRI, KDPI y la puntuación histológica sobre la supervivencia del injerto, en donantes con criterios expandidos (ECD. Metodología: Estudio de cohortes, unicéntrico, retrospectivo desde el 1 de enero de 1998 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2010. Resultados: Se reclutaron 120 donantes y 220 biopsias preimplantación. Ciento cuarenta y cuatro (65,5% injertos fueron aptos para trasplante. Setenta y seis (34,5% fueron descartados. Tiempo medio de seguimiento 6,4 años (ds 3,9. Edad media de los donantes 63,1 años (ds 8,2, varones (145; 65,9%, no diabéticos (191; 86,8% y sin otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular (173; 78,6%. Causa de muerte mayoritaria ACV hemorrágico (153; 69,5%. La puntuación KDPI media entre los grupos riñón válido (1,56/89; ds 0,22 y no válido (1,66/93; ds 0,15 es estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,01. El KDPI mostró una concordancia y correlación moderadas con el score histológico (AUC 0,64/coeficiente de correlación 0,24, p < 0,01. Los scores KDPI (HR 24,3, p < 0,01 y KDRI (HR 23,3, p < 0,01 están relacionados con la supervivencia del injerto en el análisis multivariante. Conclusión: 1 Los scores KDPI e histológico presentan una concordancia moderada. 2 Las puntuaciones KDPI, y sobre todo KDRI, son válidas para estimar la supervivencia de los injertos y pueden ser utilizadas de forma combinada con la biopsia para la toma de decisiones individualizadas en el grupo de donantes con criterios expandidos. Abstract: Introduction: KDRI / KDPI are tools use in kidney donor evaluation. It has been proposed as

  5. Supervivencia del injerto y del receptor en el trasplante renal en el hospital Guillermo Gran Benavente (Concepción, Chile

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    Magali Rodríguez Vidal

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Al ser el trasplante renal la mejor opción terapéutica para el tratamiento de la Insuficiencia Renal Terminal, en la ciudad de Concepción (Chile, se inició el programa de Trasplante Renal (TX en el año 1994. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la supervivencia del injerto renal de los TX realizados un hospital, de dicha ciudad mediante un estudio descriptivo, transversal, correlacional y comparativo de los resultados obtenidos en dos periodos, A: de 1994 a 2003 y, B: de 2004 a 2012. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSSv20.0. La funcion de supervivencia con la prueba no-paramétrica de Kaplan-Meier; y para comparaciones de variables se utilizó el test log-rank. De los resultados obtenidos cabe destacar que la supervivencia del paciente trasplantado en el período A fue mejor el primer al año (96%, pero fue menor a los 3 (90%, 5 (86% y 10 años (72% respecto al período B en que los valores fueron al año 95%, a los 3 el 90% a los 5 y 10 años el 87% y a los 10 años. La supervivencia del injerto también fue mayor en el periodo A que en el B, y mejor cuando hubo un tiempo de isquemia inferior a 24 horas y sin diferencias en relación al sexo del donante y del receptor y al tipo de tratamiento inmunosupreso. Las infeciones fueron la primera causa de muerte del paciente y las complicaciones quirúrgicas la principal causa de la pérdida del injerto.

  6. Trasplante renal y disminución de la mortalidad en los programas de diálisis crónica

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    Walter G. Douthat

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available El trasplante renal (TR presenta mejor supervivencia, calidad de vida y costos que la diálisis en la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC. Estudiamos pacientes en diálisis que recibieron TR durante 2010, las causas de finalización del tratamiento y la supervivencia en diálisis. Evaluamos si criterios más amplios para la aceptación de trasplantes hubieran afectado los resultados del procedimiento en ese período. Incluimos 118 pacientes en diálisis, edad media 56.9 ± 18.4 años, tiempo en diálisis 45.5 ± 59.6 meses, 35 (30% presentaban diabetes como causa de IRC, y 58 (49% estaban en espera del TR. Treinta y cuatro finalizaron diálisis, 18 por TR y 12 por fallecimiento. Las principales causas de muerte fueron cardiovasculares, 6 (50% e infecciones, 2 (17%. La supervivencia al año fue 85% para el grupo total, 98% para los pacientes inscriptos en lista de espera y 72% para no inscriptos. Durante 2010 se realizaron 88 TR (62 con donantes cadavéricos [DC], 18 donantes vivos y 8 dobles trasplantes páncreas-riñón. Los receptores de DC tenían en promedio 50.7 años, 67 meses en diálisis, 8 (13% eran diabéticos, 12 (20% con TR previos y 3 cross match contra panel de anticuerpos > 20%. Los donantes tenían edad media 45 años, 28 (45% con criterios expandidos y 27.7 h de isquemia fría. A los 11.4 meses de seguimiento, 13 (21% presentó rechazo agudo, la supervivencia para injerto fue de 88% y 93% para pacientes. La principal causa de finalización de diálisis fue TR, sin detectarse que el empleo de DC afectara la supervivencia del TR.

  7. Supervivencia en el recién nacido ventilado Survival of ventilated newborn

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    Yanet García Fernández

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de 12 735 pacientes, nacidos vivos en nuestra unidad durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1999 y diciembre de 2004, 529 (4,2 % de los cuales necesitaron ser ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Presentaron dificultad respiratoria 365 de los pacientes ingresados (69,0 %. Fue ventilado el 28,5 % de todos los ingresos y la supervivencia fue del 81,5 %. Las enfermedades que requirieron ventilación en mayor medida fueron las dificultades respiratorias y dentro de estas, destacó la enfermedad de la membrana hialina. Se encontró que mientras más temprano se ventiló y más rápido se desconectó, mejor fue la supervivencia. Asimismo, se halló que a mayor peso y edad gestacional mayor fue la supervivencia.

  8. Protocolo del manejo y selección del donante cardíaco

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    José Elizalde

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El trasplante cardíaco es una terapia aceptada en grupos de pacientes afectos de insuficiencia cardíaca terminal. El envejecimiento progresivo de los donantes y la reducción del número de traumatismos craneoencefálicos mortales obliga a una valoración exhaustiva en cada caso. La ecocardiografía es, hoy en día, una exploración obligada en la valoración del donante. La Organización Nacional de Trasplantes ha elaborado un protocolo de manejo del donante torácico para optimizar su aprovechamiento. Se revisan los criterios de selección del donante cardíaco insistiendo en las contraindicaciones, en el despistaje de enfermedad coronaria y el mantenimiento durante el proceso de selección.

  9. Tamización de malaria en donantes de sangre de Cali, Colombia.

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    Carmen M. Castillo

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. En Colombia existe déficit de unidades de sangre. En ciudades como Cali este déficit se agrava por el rechazo de donantes debido al riesgo de transmitir malaria; aunque en la ciudad no hay transmisión de malaria, está próxima a la Costa Pacífica, zona de alta transmisión de malaria en el país. En los bancos de sangre, la tamización de malaria está basada solamente en una entrevista. Una prueba de laboratorio para malaria podría mejorar la selección de los donantes y, así, incrementar el número de unidades de sangre disponibles. Objetivo. Evaluar las pruebas de gota gruesa, ELISA-IgG y ELISA-HRPII usando la PCR semi- anidada como prueba de referencia en la tamización de donantes de sangre en Cali. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un banco de sangre de Cali entre febrero y mayo de 2002. Se practicaron gota gruesa, ELISA-IgG y ELISA-HRPII (Pan Malaria Antibody ELISA y Malaria Ag CELISA, Cellabs, Australia y sus resultados se compararon con la PCR semianidada. Se evaluaron 286 muestras, 115 eran donantes rechazados únicamente por tener antecedentes de haber vivido o viajado a zonas endémicas en el último año y 171 eran donantes aceptados. Resultados. Ninguna muestra tuvo resultado positivo con las pruebas realizadas. Conclusión. Los donantes rechazados basados en la entrevista podrían haber sido aceptados según las pruebas de laboratorio. Con el propósito de mejorar el proceso de tamización, sugerimos realizar una prueba de laboratorio a los donantes que son rechazados por el riesgo potencial de transmitir malaria. Se requieren estudios adicionales que permitan seleccionar la prueba más adecuada.

  10. Problemas actuales en la selección de donantes de sangre

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    Orlando Rivera Ramos

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se revisaron las historias clínicas comprendidas entre los meses de enero a marzo de 1999, en el Banco de Sangre Provincial de Villa Clara. Los datos se procesaron por el método manual de tarjado y fueron presentados en una tabla estadística creada al efecto. En la selección de donantes es sumamente importante determinar si ellos gozan de buena salud, con el fin de proteger al donante contra todo daño a su propia salud y para proteger al receptor contra la exposición a enfermedades. Juega un papel importante para ello en nuestro país el especialista en Medicina General Integral (MGI, máximo responsable de la atención primaria de salud. El resultado de nuestra investigación arrojó dificultades en la selección de donantes de sangre en el municipio de Santa Clara, entre los que se destacan el número de donantes voluntarios que asistieron al Banco de Sangre que fue escaso en relación con los que realizaron donaciones familiares o dirigidas; asimismo asistieron muy poca cantidad de mujeres (116 a donar sangre con respecto a los hombres (2 596. Se arribó a la conclusión de que la edad promedio de los donantes fue alta (33 años, pues asistieron pocos jóvenes al Banco de Sangre cuya edad estaba comprendida entre los 18 y 24 años. El número de donantes primerizos resultó insuficiente.In this work the medical histories of patients between the months of January and March of 1999 were revised, at the Villa Clara Provincial Blood Bank. Data were processed by manually and presented on a statistic chart created to such effect. In donors selection is important to determine if they are in good health condition with the aim of protecting the recipient donor against damage to his own health and the recipient against diseases. In our country it plays a very important role for this the specialist on Integral General Medicine (IGM, main responsible for primary health care. The results of our investigation showed

  11. Inmunosupresión en donantes renales: Expresión de citoquinas proinflamatorias

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    Federico Cicora

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available La lesión por isquemia y reperfusión (IRI es uno de los principales problemas en el trasplante. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del pre - acondicionamiento al donante con rapamicina y tacrolimus para prevenir la lesión por IRI. Las ratas Wistar donantes, 12 horas antes de la nefrectomía, recibieron fármacos inmunosupresores. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos experimentales: un grupo con intervención simulada (sham, un grupo control sin tratamiento, otro tratado con rapamicina (2 mg/kg y el restante tratado con tacrolimus (0.3 mg/kg. Se retiró el riñón izquierdo y después de tres horas de isquemia fría, se lo trasplantó. Veinticuatro horas después, el órgano trasplantado se recuperó para el análisis histológico y la evaluación de la expresión de citoquinas. El tratamiento de pre-acondicionamiento con rapamicina o con tacrolimus redujo significativamente el nitrógeno ureico en sangre y los niveles de creatinina en comparación con el control (BUN: p < 0.001; creatinina: p < 0.001. La necrosis tubular aguda fue significativamente menor en las ratas donantes tratadas con inmunosupresores en comparación con el grupo control (p < 0.001. Finalmente, las citoquinas inflamatorias, como TNF-α, IL-6 y rIL-21, mostraron niveles más bajos en el injerto de los animales que recibieron tratamiento. Este estudio experimental exploratorio muestra que el pre-acondicionamiento en donantes con rapamicina y tacrolimus en dos grupos distintos mejora los resultados clínicos y anatomopatológicos en receptores, con una reducción in situ de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias relacionadas con la diferenciación Th17, y de este modo crea un ambiente favorable para la diferenciación de células T regulatorias (Tregs.

  12. PREVALENCIA DE LA DEFICIENCIA DE HIERRO EN DONANTES DE SANGRE. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DEL PERÍODO 2001- 2011

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    Carmen Yulieth Mantilla-Gutiérrez

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: La donación de sangre se asocia con disminución de las reservas de hierro de los donantes, lo que puede afectar el desarrollo de sus funciones fisiológicas y al estado general de salud. Estudios previos reportan una gran divergencia en la prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro en dicha población (1% a 62%. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar la prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro en donantes de sangre a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Métodos: Búsqueda exhaustiva y reproducible de la literatura en 7 bases de datos con base en un protocolo de búsqueda de estudios en 4 idiomas y publicados entre el 2001 y el 2011 con criterios de inclusión, exclusión y extracción de información. El análisis se realizó con base en el cálculo de la prevalencia global y específica por sexo y número de donaciones, con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza, utilizando los programas Excel y Epidat 3.0. Resultados: Se obtuvo una población total de 16.979 donantes, 5.096 de repetición, con una proporción de hombres del 59%. Se halló una prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro del 13% (IC 95% 12,4-13,4, con una rango entre 1% y 62%, siendo estadísticamente significativa la mayor frecuencia en mujeres (19,56% IC 95%: 18,59 - 20,53 y donantes repetidores (20,36% IC 95%: 19,25 - 21,48. Conclusión: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro en donantes de sangre por encima de grupos de mayor riesgo como los niños, siendo mayor en donantes del sexo femenino y de repetición.

  13. La importancia de la encuesta de selección de donantes en el pretamizaje: experiencia en un banco de sangre de Bogotá, noviembre-diciembre de 1996

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    Mauricio Beltrán

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available La disminución del riesgo de adquirir una enfermedad por via transfusional se basa en la selección cuidadosa de los donantes por medio de la encuesta. el tamizaje serológico y, más recientemente, la inactivación viral. La encuesta permite detectar individuos en riesgo de portar infecciones que podrian no ser detectados en el tamizaje serológico (periodo de ventana; por tanto. su utilidad depende, entre otros, del tipo de donante y de sus motivaciones para donar. En algunos paises, los donantes difieren de la población general en aspectos como las caracteristicas sociales, la frecuencia en la donación y, principalmente, en el bajo riesgo de presentar infecciones transmisibles por sangre. En Colombia, sin embargo, cerca del 80% de la sangre proviene de donantes de reposición y muchas veces obligados, que donan con poca regularidad. Con el propósito de analizar la utilidad de la encuesta, el proceso de selección de donantes y estimar la prevalencia de las infecciones transmitidas por sangre tamizada, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los registros de donantes que acudieron en noviembre y diciembre de 1996 a un banco de sangre de Bogotá. Se revisaron 414 encuestas de donantes y sus resultados serológicos correspondientes. Se analizó si la encuesta incluía o no preguntas sobre factores de riesgo para infecciones susceptibles de trasmitirse por sangre, el porcentaje de preguntas con respuesta en todos los casos, la concordancia entre las respuestas del donante y el procedimiento realizado, ya fuera aceptando o no la donación, las caracteristicas sociodemográficas y, finalmente, se estimó la reactividad a anticuerpos contra VIH, VHC, Treponema pallidum, Tvpanosoma cruzi y contra HBsAg. Se encontró que las preguntas sobre antecedentes de tatuajes, uso de drogas intravenosas y tipo de conducta sexual, entre otras, no estaban incluidas en la encuesta. El 90% de las preguntas fue diligenciado en las 414 encuestas; las preguntas sobre

  14. Prevalencia de anticuerpos antimaláricos en donantes del banco de sangre del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín, Colombia

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    Jhon M. Ortíz

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available Se determinó la prevalencia de anticuerpos antimaláricos, tipo IgG, mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI, en 392 sueros de donantes voluntarios de sangre del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, recolectados durante los meses de septiembre y octubre del año 1995 y mantenidos en congelación a -70 ""C durante 36 meses. La prevalencia de seropositividad fue de 1,8% (7 donantes, de los cuales, tres tenían el antecedente de haber vivido en zona endémica para malaria; de éstos, dos habían sufrido malaria, por lo menos, una vez en la vida; los cuatro donantes restantes no habían vivido en zona endémica para malaria ni tenían antecedentes de haberla padecido. Todos los donantes tuvieron gotas gruesas negativas para Plasmodium. Para tratar de reducir el riesgo de malaria transfusional, se recomienda informar en forma clara a los donantes sobre lasáreas endémicas para malaria en el departamento, complementar la encuesta que realizan los bancos de sangre con gota gruesa en todas las unidades de sangre que se vayan a transfundir y determinar anticuerpos antimaláricos en todos los donantes de riesgo con encuestas sospechosas y que puedan ser transmisores potenciales de Plasmodium.

  15. Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella sp. En donantes del banco de sangre de un hospital de Lima

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    Abel Ortega

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available El Perú es un país endémico de Brucelosis, por lo que existe el riesgo de transmisión a través de sangre donada por no ser parte del tamizaje regular que realizan los bancos de sangre. Para conocer la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella en donantes del banco de sangre del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, se analizó 1003 muestras de suero. La prueba tamiz fue Rosa de Bengala (RB; las muestras positivas fueron evaluadas por las pruebas de aglutinación en tubo (AT y 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME. Dos donantes fueron positivos a RB, confirmados por AT y 2-ME, se encontró una prevalencia de 0,20% (IC99%: 0,01-0,92. Se demostró la presencia de donantes portadores de anticuerpos contra Brucella con posible Brucelosis activa, evidenciándose la posibilidad de transmisión de esta infección. Se debe realizar mayores estudios con la finalidad de conocer la realidad de otros bancos de sangre.

  16. ¿ Es útil la prueba de lipemia predonación para la selección de donantes de sangre?

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    Pedro Sánchez Frenes

    Full Text Available En el Banco de Sangre Provincial de Cienfuegos se incluye, además de las pruebas reguladas en Cuba para la selección de los donantes de sangre, la prueba de lipemia predonación. Un plasma con apariencia turbia es causa de exclusión transitoria del donante. A fin de evaluar la eficacia diagnóstica de esta prueba se realizaron dos estimaciones visuales del plasma en busca de turbidez, la primera antes de donar y la segunda en la unidad de plasma obtenida a partir de la sangre total colectada, esta última utilizada como prueba de referencia para este estudio. Ambas observaciones fueron realizadas por el mismo observador siguiendo un protocolo establecido. Como parte del estudio, la presencia de una prueba de lipemia positiva predonación no constituyó causa de exclusión de donantes. Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad diagnóstica, el valor predictivo positivo (VPP y el valor predictivo negativo (VPN, además la eficiencia de la prueba dentro de un intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Se obtuvo el 98,4 % de especificidad, el 80 % de sensibilidad, así como el 66,6 % de valor predictivo positivo y el 99,0 % de valor predictivo negativo, con el 95,7 % de eficiencia diagnóstica. La prueba resulta útil en la selección de donantes de sangre y se recomienda su uso en todas las dependencias de colecta de sangre que cuenten con las condiciones técnicas para su realización.

  17. Crecimiento, supervivencia e incidencia de malformaciones óseas en distintos biotipos de Rhamdia quelen durante la larvicultura

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    David R Hernández

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto de dos dietas (alimento vivo y dieta seca y dos poblaciones diferentes de Rhamdia quelen de Argentina (área pampeana y nordeste sobre parámetros de crecimiento, supervivencia e incidencia de malformaciones óseas en sus larvas según un diseño factorial 2x2. Al final de la experiencia (20 días pos-eclosión, las deformaciones esqueléticas fueron diversas y afectaron todas las regiones del eje vertebral. En ningún caso estas anomalías incidieron sobre el peso final de las larvas. No obstante, el biotipo nordeste presentó el mayor porcentaje de ejemplares con anomalías esqueléticas (72,3% y menor supervivencia. Las alteraciones más comunes fueron compresiones y fusiones vertebrales, afectando el 22,2 y 19,4% de las larvas, respectivamente. El análisis estadístico mostró que la frecuencia de fusiones no fue afectada por el biotipo o por el tratamiento alimentario. Sin embargo, en el caso de las compresiones vertebrales se observó interacción entre biotipo y dieta. Para este tipo de lesión, con alimento vivo, no se detectaron diferencias entre biotipos, al tiempo que las larvas alimentadas con dieta seca presentaron mayor frecuencia de compresiones en el biotipo nordeste. Estos resultados indican que la incidencia de malformaciones en larvas de R. quelen se encuentra relacionada con ambos factores (biotipo y dieta. La coloración diferencial de cartílagos y huesos en larvas puede convertirse en una herramienta útil para evaluar, precozmente, la incidencia de malformaciones durante el desarrollo temprano de R. quelen.

  18. Modelo de supervivencia para los estadíos poslarvales del pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis

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    Freyre, Lauce Rubén; Maroñas, Miriam E.; Sendra, Eduardo Daniel

    2003-01-01

    La supervivencia de los peces adultos es representada por el clásico modelo exponencial. Sin embargo, el mismo no estima en forma apropiada la densidad de las etapas de larva y juvenil. Se propone un modelo que incorpora algunos parámetros y que ajusta mejor la supervivencia de la totalidad de estadíos por la que atraviesan los individuos hasta la etapa de adulto. Se asume que los individuos nacen con una “susceptibilidad”, que incrementa su mortalidad y que d...

  19. Multiplicación clonal in vivo e in vitro de la especie forestal nativa Aniba perutilis Hemsl.

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    Lina Marcela Delgado-García

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Se desarrolló una metodología para el establecimiento in vitro e in vivo de Aniba perutilis Hemsl. (comino crespo, árbol colombiano en peligro crítico de extinción. En la primera etapa, se sometieron semillas de este árbol a la acción de los desinfectantes NaOCl, HgCl2 y AgNO3 para su germinación aséptica. Para inducir la formación de brotes se empleó el medio WPM y se evaluó la acción de las fitohormonas BAP, KIN, AIA, ANA y AG3 en diferentes concentraciones. Para la etapa de enraizamiento se emplearon ANA, AIB, y los medios de cultivo MS y WPM, ambos con sales reducidas a la mitad y combinados con diferentes concentraciones de AIA y ANA. En la etapa de multiplicación in vivo se emplearon plántulas establecidas en vivero para evaluar tres tamaños de explantes, categorizados según la distancia desde la base de la planta hasta el ápice: distal (11-14 cm, medio (7 - 8 cm y basal (3 - 4 cm, con el fin de obtener plantas madres donantes de yemas axilares y mini esquejes para enraizar. En este trabajo se consolida el uso de NaOCl por 15 min como tratamiento óptimo de desinfección, produciendo un porcentaje de supervivencia superior a 60%. El medio WPM suplementado con BAP 3 mg/lt y 1.5 mg/lt de AG3 generó la producción de un promedio de 0.6 brotes/explante con longitud media de 0.82 cm; no obstante, su baja capacidad de enraizamiento permite catalogar esta especie como recalcitrante al cultivo in vitro. En condiciones in vivo, cortes a la altura media de las plantas (7 - 8 cm promovieron la formación de 1.33 brotes/explante y 75% de enraizamiento en los mini-esquejes, constituyendo una herramienta clave en la propagación de la especie

  20. Supervivencia de Trypanosoma cruzi en bebidas experimentalmente contaminadas

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    Diana Carolina Suárez

    2012-03-01

    Conclusiones. La cepa DS de T. cruzi sobrevivió en todas las bebidas por más de 24 horas después de la contaminación y se observó un tiempo de supervivencia de 384 horas a temperatura de refrigeración en el jugo de guanábana.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i1.371

  1. Seropositividad al virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipos I y II en donantes del Banco Municipal de Sangre de Caracas y factores de riesgo asociados

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    Graciela León

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Conocer la proporción de sangre descartada por seropositividad al virus linfotrópico de células T humanas (HTLV tipos I y II, la prevalencia de dicha infección y los probables factores de riesgo en donantes del Banco Municipal de Sangre de Caracas (BMSC. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron serológicamente mediante ensayos de inmunoadsorción enzimática (ELISA 23 413 donantes atendidos entre julio del año 2000 y abril de 2001 en el BMSC. Las muestras repetidamente reactivas (RR se estudiaron por inmunoblot de Western (WB, como prueba suplementaria. Los donantes positivos o indeterminados por WB fueron citados a la consejería para realizar la confirmación mediante la amplificación de ácidos nucleicos por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, recoger datos sobre sus antecedentes de riesgo y asesorarlos acerca de su estado. RESULTADOS. El 0,2% de las donaciones resultaron RR; de ellas 52,1% resultaron positivas en el WB (23 a HTLV I y 2 a HTLV II; 4,1% indeterminadas por WB; 29,2% negativas; y el 14,6% no pudo ser evaluado. Asistieron a la consejería 16 donantes (14 WB positivos a HTLV I, 1 a HTLV II y 1 indeterminado. Todos resultaron positivos en la RCP. No se encontraron diferencias significativas con el grupo control en cuanto a edad, sexo, tipo de donación, número de donaciones previas, antecedentes de transfusiones y comportamiento sexual. Se observaron diferencias significativas según los antecedentes de consumo de drogas no intravenosas (P < 0,05, y altamente significativas (P < 0,001 según los antecedentes de lactancia materna larga. Las madres estudiadas de seis de los donantes positivos que manifestaron haber tenido una larga lactancia materna resultaron positivas, al igual que el hijo mayor de la única pareja positiva de las 13 evaluadas. CONCLUSIONES. Se descartó el 0,2% de la sangre por resultar positiva al HTLV I/II. La prevalencia entre los donantes fue de 0,11%. En el 37,5% de los casos se pudo determinar la

  2. Seropositividad al virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipos I y II en donantes del Banco Municipal de Sangre de Caracas y factores de riesgo asociados

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    León Graciela

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Conocer la proporción de sangre descartada por seropositividad al virus linfotrópico de células T humanas (HTLV tipos I y II, la prevalencia de dicha infección y los probables factores de riesgo en donantes del Banco Municipal de Sangre de Caracas (BMSC. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron serológicamente mediante ensayos de inmunoadsorción enzimática (ELISA 23 413 donantes atendidos entre julio del año 2000 y abril de 2001 en el BMSC. Las muestras repetidamente reactivas (RR se estudiaron por inmunoblot de Western (WB, como prueba suplementaria. Los donantes positivos o indeterminados por WB fueron citados a la consejería para realizar la confirmación mediante la amplificación de ácidos nucleicos por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, recoger datos sobre sus antecedentes de riesgo y asesorarlos acerca de su estado. RESULTADOS. El 0,2% de las donaciones resultaron RR; de ellas 52,1% resultaron positivas en el WB (23 a HTLV I y 2 a HTLV II; 4,1% indeterminadas por WB; 29,2% negativas; y el 14,6% no pudo ser evaluado. Asistieron a la consejería 16 donantes (14 WB positivos a HTLV I, 1 a HTLV II y 1 indeterminado. Todos resultaron positivos en la RCP. No se encontraron diferencias significativas con el grupo control en cuanto a edad, sexo, tipo de donación, número de donaciones previas, antecedentes de transfusiones y comportamiento sexual. Se observaron diferencias significativas según los antecedentes de consumo de drogas no intravenosas (P < 0,05, y altamente significativas (P < 0,001 según los antecedentes de lactancia materna larga. Las madres estudiadas de seis de los donantes positivos que manifestaron haber tenido una larga lactancia materna resultaron positivas, al igual que el hijo mayor de la única pareja positiva de las 13 evaluadas. CONCLUSIONES. Se descartó el 0,2% de la sangre por resultar positiva al HTLV I/II. La prevalencia entre los donantes fue de 0,11%. En el 37,5% de los casos se pudo determinar la

  3. Frecuencias alélicas, genotípicas y haplotípicas HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1 en donantes fallecidos, Medellín, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Libia M. Rodríguez; Mabel C. Giraldo; Natalia García; Laura Velásquez; Sara C. París; Cristiam M. Álvarez; Luis F. García

    2007-01-01

    Introducción. La caracterización genética del sistema HLA es de gran utilidad en estudios antropogenéticos, en la comprensión de mecanismos asociados a susceptibilidad o resistencia a diversas enfermedades, en los fenómenos inmunológicos durante el embarazo y en la selección de donantes/receptores en trasplantes de órganos. Objetivo. Determinar las frecuencias alélicas, genotípicas y haplotípicas HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 en donantes fallecidos en Medellín. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 92...

  4. Frecuencias alélicas, genotípicas y haplotípicas HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1 en donantes fallecidos, Medellín, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez, Libia M; Giraldo, Mabel C; García, Natalia; Velásquez, Laura; París, Sara C; Álvarez, Cristiam M; García, Luis F

    2007-01-01

    Introducción. La caracterización genética del sistema HLA es de gran utilidad en estudios antropogenéticos, en la comprensión de mecanismos asociados a susceptibilidad o resistencia a diversas enfermedades, en los fenómenos inmunológicos durante el embarazo y en la selección de donantes/receptores en trasplantes de órganos. Objetivo. Determinar las frecuencias alélicas, genotípicas y haplotípicas HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 en donantes fallecidos en Medellín. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 926 dona...

  5. Supervivencia de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en atención primaria

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    Antonio Sarría-Santamera

    2015-08-01

    Conclusiones: Los datos de los pacientes con IC seguidos en AP indican que su supervivencia es mejor que la obtenida en otros países, apoyando el argumento de la mejor evolución de la IC en los países mediterráneos.

  6. Clonación humana y otros conflictos éticos en La isla/ The Island (2005

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    Antonio BLANCO MERCADÉ

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Los avances científicos y biotecnológicos se acompañan siempre de problemas éticos, algunos de los cuales se pueden identificar en La Isla. Un desastre ecológico pone en peligro la supervivencia de la especie humana y se impide a los individuos tomar sus decisiones libre y voluntariamente, anulando su condición moral para ser utilizados como medios. El fin perseguido en la película (trasplante de órganos para salvar vidas no justifica los medios empleados (clonación de donantes que ignoran su condición y son sacrificados. La donación de vivo ha de ser siempre voluntaria y gratuita, realizada tras un adecuado proceso de información. La clonación humana reproductiva es unánimemente rechazada, pero aún si se realiza con fines terapéuticos o de investigación y aunque esté legalmente permitida, sigue siendo motivo de fuerte controversia ética.

  7. DETERMINANTES DE LOS FLUJOS DE EXPORTACIONES PARA LAS EMPRESAS EN COSTA RICA: UN ANÁLISIS DE SUPERVIVENCIA

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    Carlos E. Umaña

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Con base en cifras sobre exportaciones de Costa Rica para el período 2000-2008, desglosados a nivel de empresa, productos exportados y mercados de destino, el presente estudio busca identificar los factores relacionados con las decisiones de una empresa, que aumentan o disminuyen la probabilidad de abandonar el mercado externo. Este trabajo cuantifica el impacto de una serie de factores, utilizando una tasa de supervivencia que pondera los años de actividad exportadora por la antigüedad de las transacciones y el número de veces que cada empresa salió del mercado externo. Se presenta un análisis de supervivencia de las empresas exportadoras que operan en Costa Rica, con base en un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, y el estimador de Kaplan-Meier. El estudio confirma la importancia de la diversificación de las exportaciones para la supervivencia de la empresa exportadora.

  8. Detección de anticuerpos antiplasmodium por ELISA en donantes de sangre

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    Patricia Olaya de Morales

    1982-06-01

    Full Text Available La malaria, una enfermedad transmitida por mosquitos del genero anopheles, puede ser inducida a través de transfusiones de sangre infectada con alguna de las especies de Plasmodium que afectan al hombre. Con el objeto de determinar el riesgo potencial de infección inducida por transfusiones, se analizaron durante 9 meses y mediante la técnica de E.L.I.S.A., las muestras de suero tomadas a los donantes de sangre del Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá. El 8.6 por mil de las 3114 muestras analizadas, resultaron positivas para anticuerpos antimaláricos y durante el tiempo del estudio fueron detectados 3 casos de malaria inducida por transfusiones.

  9. El donante aprendiz de mago en las epifanías medievales. Algunas acotaciones en contextos artísticos hispánicos y europeos

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    Alcoy Pedrós, Rosa

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available There are numerous representations of the donor shown in relation to the Adoration of the Magi. Thus it is legitimate to interpret certain Medieval and Renaissance images in which the donor appears along with the Virgin and Child as renewed or new Epiphanies. This interpretation is supported by a notable group of medieval texts, which reveal the existence of similar or analogous contents among different types of scenes. This paper compiles and reviews in particular those works in which the kneeling or praying donor is placed next to the Three Kings, in order to demonstrate his conversion into an apprentice wizard king.

    Son numerosas las representaciones del donante que hallan un punto de referencia en la Adoración de los reyes de Oriente. Por este camino es lícito interpretar algunas de las imágenes del arte de época medieval y moderna que hacen comparecer al donante ante la Virgen y el Niño como renovadas epifanías (o nuevas epifanías. Su sentido puede apoyarse en un notorio elenco de textos medievales que revelan la existencia de contenidos similares o análogos entre distintos tipos de escenas. Este trabajo recopila y revisa sobre todo aquellas obras que, al situar al donante arrodillado o en oración junto a los reyes de la Epifanía histórica, mejor evidencian su conversión en aprendiz de rey mago.

  10. Modelo de conductancia hidráulica de la dentina humana ex vivo

    OpenAIRE

    Hevia, J.; Fresno, C.; Martín, J.; Moncada, G.; Letelier, C.; Oliveira Junior, O.B.; Fernández, E.

    2013-01-01

    El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue montar y probar un modelo experimental para medir la conductancia hidráulica de la dentina ex vivo. Diecisiete terceros molares sanos, con indicación de exodoncia, de donantes sanos de edades entre 15 y 30 años fueron obtenidos mediante consentimiento informado. Luego de limpiarlos, desinfectarlos, incluirlos en resina epóxica y cortarlos se obtuvieron 17 muestras de dentina, correspondiente a un disco de resina con un corte coronal de diente que pres...

  11. Validation of KDRI/KDPI for the selection of expanded criteria kidney donors

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    Raimundo M. García del Moral Martín

    2018-05-01

    concordancia entre los scores KDPI e histológico (biopsia renal preimplantación, y 2 valorar la relación entre el KDRI, KDPI y la puntuación histológica sobre la supervivencia del injerto, en donantes con criterios expandidos (ECD. Metodología: Estudio de cohortes, unicéntrico, retrospectivo desde el 1 de enero de 1998 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2010. Resultados: Se reclutaron 120 donantes y 220 biopsias preimplantación. Ciento cuarenta y cuatro (65,5% injertos fueron aptos para trasplante. Setenta y seis (34,5% fueron descartados. Tiempo medio de seguimiento 6,4 años (ds 3,9. Edad media de los donantes 63,1 años (ds 8,2, varones (145; 65,9%, no diabéticos (191; 86,8% y sin otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular (173; 78,6%. Causa de muerte mayoritaria ACV hemorrágico (153; 69,5%. La puntuación KDPI media entre los grupos riñón válido (1,56/89; ds 0,22 y no válido (1,66/93; ds 0,15 es estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,01. El KDPI mostró una concordancia y correlación moderadas con el score histológico (AUC 0,64/coeficiente de correlación 0,24, p < 0,01. Los scores KDPI (HR 24,3, p < 0,01 y KDRI (HR 23,3, p < 0,01 están relacionados con la supervivencia del injerto en el análisis multivariante. Conclusión: 1 Los scores KDPI e histológico presentan una concordancia moderada. 2 Las puntuaciones KDPI, y sobre todo KDRI, son válidas para estimar la supervivencia de los injertos y pueden ser utilizadas de forma combinada con la biopsia para la toma de decisiones individualizadas en el grupo de donantes con criterios expandidos. Keywords: Expanded criteria donors, KDPI, Renal kidney graft survival, Preimplantation kidney biopsy, Palabras clave: Donante con criterios expandidos, KDPI, Supervivencia del injerto renal, Biopsia preimplantación

  12. Análisis de la supervivencia del cáncer de mama durante el decenio 1999-2008 en un Hospital Público de Madrid

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    Francisco Colina Ruizdelgado

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: El estudio de la supervivencia explora la calidad de la atención proporcionada en un hospital. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer las variables demográficas y clinicopatológicas así como la supervivencia y evolución a lo largo del decenio 1999-2008 de las mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama. Métodos: Se recogió la información relativa a las 2.132 mujeres incluidas en el Registro Hospitalario de tumores en esa década. Su seguimiento se realizó hasta el 31 de marzo de 2011 utilizando como fuente de información el Índice Nacional de Defunciones y la fecha del último contacto de la paciente con el hospital. Se calculó la supervivencia observada, estimada mediante el método actuarial, y la supervivencia relativa, calculada por el método Ederer II, para cada uno de los primeros cinco años de seguimiento junto con su intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados: La edad media fue 59,9 ± 14,2 años. 12,3% presentaron carcinoma "in situ", 51,8% localizado, 30% con ganglios positivos y 5% diseminado. Según el tipo histológico, 72,8% fueron ductales y 11,8% lobulillares. Se aplicó cirugía en 90,8%, quimioterapia en 23,4% y radioterapia en 56,7%. La supervivencia global relativa fue 88% a los 5 años; 99,9% en carcinomas "in situ"; 94,3% en localizados; 83,7% en regionales y 25,7% en diseminados. Al tercer año de seguimiento las mujeres diagnosticadas en 2008 mostraron una supervivencia relativa de 94,8% versus 89,5% en las de 1999, pero la estimación a lo largo del seguimiento fluctuó sin existir una tendencia significativa ni de manera global ni por estadios. Conclusiones: La evolución de la supervivencia por año de diagnóstico no mostró incremento estadísticamente significativo, ni comparándola por cohortes de los dos quinquenios ni desglosándola por cohortes de estadio al diagnóstico. No se ha conseguido variar la supervivencia cuando se exploró durante 10 años.

  13. El criterio inmunológico de selección para el trasplante renal: Un aspecto científico-ético Inmunologic choice criterion for renal transplantation: a scientific-ethical issue

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    Roberto Álvarez Hidalgo

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available La insuficiencia renal crónica se considera una de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles de mayor incidencia (1 / 1000, por lo que constituye un problema de salud en el mundo. En la actualidad es el transplante renal el tratamiento de elección, el cual representa una innovación tecnológica en el contexto de la Revolución Científico técnica, que ha alcanzado niveles altos de eficacia. Uno de los factores que intervienen en el éxito es la selección inmunológica de la pareja donante-receptor en base a los antígenos principales de histocompatibilidad (HLA. Esto asegura la supervivencia del injerto y el paciente a largo plazo. Los dilemas éticos son frecuentes en la donación de órganos tanto en el caso del donante vivo, como en el del cadáver. En la práctica diaria se realizan preguntas tales como: ¿En qué formas distribuir los órganos de donantes cadáver?, ó ¿El xenotrasplante y el trasplante de donante vivo no relacionado son alternativas válidas? Por tanto se pueden hacer ante la escasez de órganos?. Se han diseñado normas para resolver situaciones que exijan la toma de decisiones. Una correcta selección inmunológica sobre bases científicas y éticas asegura la calidad de vida del trasplantado y soluciona su problema de saludChronic renal failure is considered one of the non-transmissible chronic illnesses of higher incidence (1 / 1000, constituting a health problem all over the world. Nowadays, it is renal transplantation the treatment of choice, which represents a technological innovation in the context of the Scientific-Technological Revolution that has reached high levels of effectiveness. One of the factors that intervene in the success is the immunologic selection of the donor-receiver couple based on the main antigens of histocompatibility (HLA. This assures the implant and patient's long term survival. The ethical dilemmas are frequent in the donation of organs either in the case of alive or death donors

  14. Frecuencia de grupos sanguíneos y factor Rh en donantes de sangre, Colombia ,1996

    OpenAIRE

    Mauricio Beltrán; Maribel Ayala; Jorge Jara

    1999-01-01

    El establecer un patrón nacional de distribución de los grupos sanguíneos por seccionales de salud con base en los datos de donantes de banco de sangre, permite la localización e intercambio de sangre y componentes con fines de transfusión de una manera oportuna, mejora la disponibilidad de sangre y ofrece, además, información útil para áreas como las de genética para identificación personal y pruebas de paternidad, y en el campo antropológico para hallar diferencias raciales según su distrib...

  15. Detección de anticuerpos circulantes en donantes de sangre en México Detection of antibodies present in blood donors in Mexico

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    José J. Serrano Machuca

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Detectar anticuerpos circulantes contra seis infecciones transmisibles por sangre en donantes de una institución de seguridad social en Querétaro, México. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo retrospectivo con datos del Banco de Sangre del Hospital General Regional No. 1, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS. Se registraron 6 929 donantes, entre los cuales se identificó a los diagnosticados con cualquier anticuerpo circulante contra brucelosis, enfermedad de Chagas, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, sífilis y VIH. Los casos identificados con cualquiera de estas infecciones se analizaron según edad, género, estado civil, escolaridad, lugar de residencia y número de donaciones. Para estimar la prevalencia total se dividió el número de personas identificadas con cualquiera de los anticuerpos circulantes por el total de donantes, y luego por cada una de las diferentes infecciones. RESULTADOS: De los 6 929 donantes, 144 fueron detectados con algún tipo de anticuerpo circulante de las seis infecciones potencialmente transmisibles por sangre, lo cual da una prevalencia total de 2,07% (0-4,4. Las prevalencias más altas por tipo de anticuerpo circulante correspondieron a la hepatitis C, con 0,721% (IC 95%, 0,522-0,920, y a la enfermedad de Chagas, con 0,649% (IC 95%, 0,460-0,838. CONCLUSIÓN: La identificación de la prevalencia de donantes de sangre con anticuerpos circulantes de alguna de estas seis infecciones potencialmente transmisibles por vía sanguínea permite establecer un perfil epidemiológico propio del banco de sangre del Hospital General Regional No. 1. La enfermedad de Chagas se presenta como emergente, dando pauta a dirigir los esfuerzos para su control.OBJECTIVE: To detect antibodies to six potentially blood-borne infections in blood donors at a social security institute in Querétaro, Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was performed using data from the blood

  16. Marcadores serológicos de sífilis, hepatitis B y VIH en donantes de sangre en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima-Perú

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    Rafael De La Cruz Del Solar

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available El rápido incremento de las tasas de SIDA en el mundo a incrementado el interés de los investigadores en las enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Una forma alternativa de transmisión son las transfusiones, de ahí la importancia de conocer acerca de métodos destinados a evitar dicha transmisión. Objetivos: Determinar la seroprevalencia de sífilis, hepatitis B y VIH en donantes de sangre e, identificar características distintivas entre seropositivos y seronegativos que identifiquen donantes de riesgo. Material y métodos: Se elaboró un estudio retrospectivo tipo descriptivo en su primera parte y caso-control en la segunda. Fueron 12700 donantes los incluidos en el estudio sobre prevalencia y 111 casos seropositivos con 691 controles seronegativos en el estudio comparativo. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de 1.06% de casos VDRL positivos (135/12700, 0.81% de HBsAg positivos (103/12700 y 0.11% de casos VIH positivos (13/12700. El 15.3% (14/91 de seropositivos y el 12.45% (86/691 de seronegativos tuvo al menos uno de los siguientes antecedentes: receptor de transfusiones en los 6 meses previos, extracción dental, acupuntura o relaciones sexuales con prostitutas; 427 controles (63.3% y 47 seropositivos (51.6% manifestaron donar por primera vez (p<0.05. Conclusiones: Las pruebas serológicas para descartar sífilis han sido cuestionadas, pero su uso en nuestro medio esta justificado por que permite identificar donantes de riesgo. Las cifras encontradas, no son las reales de sífilis por carencia de una prueba confirmatoria, y son compatibles con otros reportes. Por otro lado, hepatitis B constituye un porcentaje menor de casos de hepatitis viral post transfusional existiendo amplia literatura al respecto; los valores encontrados en nuestro estudio son compatibles con reportes previos. El VIH se ha incorporado hace relativamente poco al riesgo de infección por transfusiones. Los valores que reportamos son semejantes a estudios

  17. La reproducción zootécnica desde una nueva ética naturalista (neovitalismo y la bioética como ciencia de la supervivencia: el caso bovino

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    Ricardo Andrés Roa-Castellanos

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available En la Medicina Veterinaria, la supervivencia de los animales es el norte funcional para cumplir con su objetivo profesional. Eventos secundarios como permitir la alimentación o la compañía son el resultado de las acciones que logran la primera meta. En este artículo se postula que la máxima obligación de todo conocimiento o acción humana (Supraimperativo Categórico es el cuidado de la vida incluyendo la animal. Ese planteamiento es antítesis para la Ética Utilitarista sobre la cual se ha basado la progresiva explotación y cosificación del ser vivo animal disminuyendo sus posibilidades de supervivencia. Una correlación biopolítica de la dinámica poblacional humana y bovina es presentada contradiciendo posturas culturales nocivas para la simbiosis entre especies. El presente análisis bioético reivindica una reformulación del vitalismo aristotélico y a los bovinos como merecedores de un trato más sabio a partir del ser humano. La figura metafísica del templo como lugar de respeto donde reside la vida es usada a lo largo del artículo.

  18. Evaluación de la supervivencia y del crecimiento en la reforestación del proyecto piloto de Albatera tras 12 años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Molina

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo consiste en el seguimiento y evaluación de los resultados de la restauración forestal ecológica realizada en la cuenca de Albatera durante los años 2003 y 2004, poniendo énfasis en la supervivencia después del verano de 2014 comparada con la supervivencia registrada en los años anteriores. Para la toma de los datos ha sido necesario desplazarse a la cuenca durante 20 días entre los meses de febrero y marzo del 2015 para recoger datos de supervivencia y tamaño de las diez especies estudiadas: tres especies arbóreas (Pinus halepensis, Tetraclinis articulata, Ceratonia siliqua y siete arbustivas (Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, Rhamnus lycioides, Ephedra fragilis, Chamaerops humilis, Juniperus oxycedrus y Olea europea ssp sylvestris. Además fue necesario realizar otras tareas como la revisión de los datos históricos de las repoblaciones realizadas como del clima de la zona. Los resultados muestran mayor supervivencia y crecimiento de los plantones plantados en la solana sobre los de umbría, y sobre todo sobre los ubicados en la unidad de terrazas forestales. Además se encontró una mayor supervivencia de los especímenes plantados en la campaña del año 2004 respecto a los introducidos en la campaña del 2003.

  19. Modelos de supervivencia adecuados para análisis actuariales de mortalidad.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Medina lópez, Ana

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available En el seguro de vida, se destacará el interés de los denominados modelos o funciones de supervivencia como instrumentos imprescindibles en distintas fases del análisis de mortalidad. El estudio se adaptará a los mejores datos reales disponibles en las aseguradoras respecto de la población objetivo (población asegurable: datos de pólizas que evitan sesgos derivados del uso de tablas de población general. Se analizará la utilidad de los modelos de supervivencia actuarial a tres niveles. En primer lugar, se mostrará la necesidad de utilizar hipótesis de mortalidad intraintervalo para estimar las probabilidades anuales de muerte que permitan obtener un modelo tabular. En segundo lugar, los modelos se emplearán en la denominada graduación paramétrica para mejorar las estimaciones iniciales incorporando información sobre relaciones existentes en el conjunto de estimaciones y sobre creencias previas a las observaciones. En tercer lugar, nuevos modelos serán los instrumentos que proyecten el fenómeno de la mortalidad a futuro según la dinamicidad del colectivo estudiado respecto a la mortalidad. Se presentará una visión actual de las posibilidades existentes, valorando las alternativas y trabajos empíricos ya realizados, y ofreciendo nuevas posibilidades.

  20. Efecto de la salinidad en la supervivencia embrionaria de puye Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, 1842

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Barile

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó e l efecto de la salinidad en la supervivencia embrionaria, período embrionario y período de eclosión de puye, Galaxias maculatus. Se utilizaron ocho tratamientos, con salinidades de 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 y 20 obteniéndose supervivencias embrionarias promedios respectivas de 84,9; 84,0; 85,5; 86,1; 82,6 y 75,8%, sin diferencias significativas entre ellas, mientras que con salinidad de 24 se obtuvo sobrevivencia de 10,4%, significativamente diferente al resto de los tratamientos y con salinidad de 28 causó 100% de mortalidad. A diferencia del estado juvenil y adulto, el embrión es incapaz de resistir la salinidad marina y su umbral de tolerancia se encuentra entre salinidades de 24 y 28. Las mayores supervivencias promedios larvales a 10 días de vida fueron con salinidades intermedias de 8, 12 y 16 de 79,3; 80,3 y 74,6% respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas entre ellas, demostrando alta viabilidad del embrión post-eclosión. Los períodos embrionarios promedios (50% más breves fueron a bajas salinidades 0, 4, 8, 12 con 28,7; 28,0; 29,7 y 29,7 días y los más extensos en los tratamientos con salinidades de 16 y 20, con 34,0 y 34,3 días, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Los períodos de eclosión promedio (50% con salinidades de 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 y 24 fueron de 5,0; 5,5; 7,5; 8,8; 13,0; 14,3 y 15,8 días respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos.

  1. Frecuencia del antígeno y aloanticuerpos del sistema Diego en donantes de sangre.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Góngora, Fernando B; Chiriboga-Ponce, Rosa F

    2018-01-01

    El sistema Diego es un sistema sanguíneo irregular involucrado de manera clínica en casos de enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido y en reacciones postransfusionales, dentro de este sistema de han identificado a 22 antígenos eritrocitarios de los cuales el par Di a /Di b son los de mayor importancia por su potencial inmunogénico. Determinar la frecuencia del antígeno Di a y la identificación del aloanticuerpo en la población ecuatoriana. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple y se testó mediante aglutinación en tubo la presencia o ausencia del antígeno y en metodología en gel la presencia del aloanticuerpo anti-Di a . se estableció una prevalencia del antígeno Di a del 25% frente a un 6.09% de aloinmunización por dicho antígeno en donantes de sangre ecuatorianos; no existieron diferencias significativas en la asociación de las variables, siendo estas independientes de la edad y procedencia del donante, sin embargo se pudo constatar que en Ecuador existe población portadora del antígeno Diego Di a y casos de aloinmunización por este sistema debidos probablemente a la incompatibilidad transfusional sea esta por vía maternofetal o por transfusiones de sangre. La distribución de la frecuencia de antígenos y aloanticuerpos del sistema Diego es casi uniforme dentro de la población de nuestro país, probablemente por ser un territorio con alto grado de mestizaje, por lo que es de vital importancia la implementación de la detección de este sistema sanguíneo y su inclusión dentro de los protocolos de detección de anticuerpos irregulares en los bancos de sangre de Ecuador. Copyright: © 2018 SecretarÍa de Salud

  2. La influencia de la formación, la experiencia y la motivación para emprender en la supervivencia de las empresas de nueva creación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VIRGINIA SIMÓN MOYA

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza las diferencias en el nivel de supervivencia entre el emprendimiento social y el emprendimiento de negocios, así como el efecto de la formación, experiencia y motivación para emprender sobre la supervivencia. Dada la naturaleza de las variables dependientes, se optó por utilizar la prueba de Pearson, la prueba de Mann-Whitney para dos muestras independientes y el modelo logit sobre una muestra de 2.175 empresas. Los resultados no muestran diferencias significativas en la probabilidad de sobrevivir entre los dos tipos de emprendimiento, pero sí parecen mostrar la existencia de diferencias significativas en la influencia de las variables independientes analizadas sobre la supervivencia.

  3. Injerto óseo en bloque usando como donante torus mandibular. Reporte de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oswaldo Cantillo Pallares

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Actualmente los materiales empleados para regeneración a través de injertos óseos están basados en compuestos sintéticos con propiedades en ocasiones poco predecibles para los pacientes. Los torus son exostosis óseas de etiología desconocida y pueden ser utilizados como injertos óseos con resultados clínicos exitosos. Así, el objetivo de este reporte de caso es describir la técnica quirúrgica de injerto óseo en bloque utilizando como donante torus mandibulares. Los resultados clínicos a 8 semanas postoperatorias evidenciaron tejidos en cicatrización y pocas molestias referidas por el paciente. Los injertos óseos provenientes de torus mandibulares son técnicas quirúrgicas de mediana complejidad que pueden ser empleados y permiten la obtención de resultados clínicos similares a los de otros materiales.

  4. El banco de ojos y el donante idóneo The ideal eye bank and donor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Omar Mokey Castellanos

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available El acelerado crecimiento y desarrollo de la Oftalmología en tecnología y formación de recursos humanos se extiende también a las actividades relacionadas con bancos de ojos y trasplantes de córnea. Por eso, se necesita fomentar una cultura de la donación en oftalmólogos, trabajadores de la salud y en la sociedad en sentido general. Constituyen objetivos de este trabajo: describir en qué se sustenta la actitud de la sociedad cubana ante la donación de órganos y tejidos para solucionar las crecientes demandas de pacientes que requieren de trasplante de córnea; informar las normas de la Asociación Panamericana de Bancos de Ojos, procedimientos y metodología seguidos ante un donante cadavérico de bulbos oculares. En el Servicio de Oftalmología de Hospital “Hermanos Ameijeiras” se han obtenido 2 395 bulbos oculares, con los que se han realizado 723 trasplantes de córnea y distribuido córneas y otros tejidos a distintas instituciones. Los bulbos oculares no útiles para fines ópticos se utilizaron para trasplantes lamelares predesceméticos o no, práctica quirúrgica e investigaciones. Se detectaron donantes positivos a VIH, hepatitis B y C en 3, 30 y 23 de ellos, respectivamente. No se reportaron enfermedades trasmitidas por el trasplante y, muy pocas oculares posquirúrgicas. Aunque las necesidades de córneas para trasplantes actualmente no se satisfacen, llenar esta demanda no puede conducirnos al incumplimiento de normas y procederes que nos alejarían del donante idóneo.The accelerated growth and development of ophthalmology in terms of technology and formation of human resources also embraces eye banks and corneal transplantation. Therefore, it is necessary to promote a culture of eye donation among ophthalmologists, health workers and the general society. The objectives of this paper were to describe the basis of the Cuban society attitudes towards organ and tissue donation as a way of meeting the growing demands of

  5. Cirugía reparadora en la valvulopatía mitral de diversa etiología: durabilidad y supervivencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael García-Fuster

    2009-01-01

    Conclusiones: La etiología más frecuente fue la degenerativa (54%. Los resultados globales en su-pervivencia y durabilidad fueron satisfactorios. La mayor mortalidad fue temprana, especialmente en etiología isquémica, funcional y endocarditis.

  6. Tasa acumulada de recién nacido vivo en donación de ovocitos

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Hernández, Víctor Hugo

    2016-01-01

    Tasa Acumulada de Recién nacido Vivo en Donación de Ovocitos Hoy en día la edad media de maternidad esta aumentando en muchos países desarrollados, cada vez más, las mujeres están posponiendo su deseo por quedarse embarazadas, viéndose así mermada su capacidad reproductiva. La utilización de donantes de ovocitos en fecundación in Vitro (FIV), es una opción de tratamiento en infertilidad, muy utilizado por mujeres con pérdida irreversible de la función ovárica o fallo ovárico pri...

  7. Supervivencia de pacientes con cáncer de cuello uterino tratadas en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Constanza Pardo

    2009-09-01

    Conclusiones. Los resultados de supervivencia global son similares a los reportados en la literatura. Se recomienda desarrollar estudios en cohortes más grandes para aumentar la potencia del estudio e identificar otros factores de pronóstico.

  8. Supervivencia en pacientes con tuberculosis infectados por VIH. Estudio de los fallecimientos en los primeros nueve meses

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    Falqués Casanovas Meritxell

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: En las personas con tuberculosis infectadas por el VIH, se ha observado una elevada letalidad durante las primeras semanas desde el inicio de la terapia antituberculosa. En el presente estudio se analiza la supervivencia de las mismas en el marco de un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 1.135 individuos que correspondían a aquellos por el VIH mayores de quince años y residentes en Barcelona, registrados por el Programa de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis de Barcelona y que fueron diagnosticados entre 1988 y 1993. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, antecedentes de prisión, distrito municipal, grupo de riesgo, porcentaje de linfocitos T CD4+, prueba de la tuberculina, diagnóstico de sida (según criterio CDC-1987, patrón radiológico, bacteriología y localización anatómica de la tuberculosis. Se utilizó el método semiparamétrico de Cox, las curvas de Kaplan-Meier y la prueba de log-rank. RESULTADOS: La probabilidad de supervivencia a los nueve meses fue del 77%, con amplias variaciones en los diversos subgrupos. Las únicas variables significativas en el modelo multivariado de Cox fueron sida, porcentaje de linfocitos T CD4+ y su interacción. El riesgo de morir para un individuo sin SIDA y porcentaje de linfocitos T CD4+ inferior o igual al 14% fue 7.69 veces mayor que el riesgo de morir para un individuo sin SIDA y porcentaje de linfocitos T CD4+ superior al 14%. CONCLUSIONES: La supervivencia en las personas con tuberculosis infectadas por VIH es muy variable. Las que fallecieron a corto plazo fueron las diagnosticadas de sida al iniciar el tratamiento antituberculoso y que, además, tenían un porcentaje de linfocitos T CD4+ inferior o igual al 14%.

  9. Seroprevalencia de HTLV-1/2 en donantes de sangre de la Provincia de Misiones Seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 in blood donors from Misiones Province

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Richard Malan

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available El Virus Linfotrópico T Humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1, primer oncorretrovirus humano descubierto, es el causante etiológico de la leucemia de células T del adulto (ATL y de la mielopatía asociada al HTLV-1 o paraparesia espástica tropical (HAM/TSP. Es endémico en distintas partes del mundo, inclusive en el noroeste argentino, donde ambas enfermedades fueron detectadas. El HTLV-2, no tiene un rol etiológico definido, si bien ha sido asociado con síndromes neurológicos similares a la HAM/TSP. Ambos virus son endémicos en comunidades originarias del continente americano, tribus de Africa y poblaciones en riesgo. Ambos retrovirus se transmiten por vía sexual, parenteral y de madre a hijo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de HTLV-1/2 en una población de donantes de sangre de la provincia de Misiones. Se analizaron 6912 donaciones de sangre recibidas en el Banco de Sangre Central de la Provincia de Misiones durante 2008. La detección de anticuerpos se realizó por ELISA y aglutinación de partículas, y las muestras reactivas fueron confirmadas por Western Blot. Del total de muestras, 5 resultaron seropositivas con una prevalencia final de 0.00072. De ellas, una era HTLV, tres HTLV-1 y una HTLV-2 positiva. Los donantes positivos provenían de Posadas, Eldorado y Oberá, sin antecedentes de riesgo. Este estudio demuestra la presencia de HTLV-1/2 en donantes de sangre de Misiones, con cifras similares a las notificadas en donantes de sangre de zonas no endémicas.Human T-cell Lymphotropic viruses type 1 (HTLV-1, the first human oncoretrovirus to be discovered, is the etiologic agent of Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL and HTLV-1 Associated Mielopathy or Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP. It is endemic worldwide, including the North of Argentina where both associated diseases have also been detected. No etiologic role has been described for HTLV-2, although it has been associated with HAM/TSP-like neurologic syndromes

  10. Una Mirada a la Nueva Ley de Donación de Órganos en Chile: La Polémica Prioridad para los Donantes

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    Paula Rojas Delgado

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available La modificación de la Ley N°19.451 causó un gran revuelo mediático y descontento en la población, donde se incluyó en el Artículo 2° dando prioridad para la recepción de un órgano, en caso de que varias personas se encuentren en igualdad de condiciones, para quien está registrado como donante de órganos respecto de quien no lo está. Con esta ley el modelo de consentimiento pasa a ser presunto, universal y restringido. De esta forma se introduce una medida de “incentivo/obligatoriedad” para aquellos que no desean ser donantes. En el contexto de la baja tasa de donaciones de órganos que sea hacían efectivas en nuestro país, es donde surge la idea de modificar la ley ¿Pero, es esta la forma más adecuada de convencer a la población para que no expresen su negativa? El éxito del modelo español en donación de órganos se basa en gran medida en mejorar el conocimiento acerca de este proceso y en una buena legislación. La donación de órganos es un voto a favor de la vida y, por tanto, debiera ser válida para todos independiente de su modo de pensar, por lo que esta modificación de la ley iría en desmedro de ciertos derechos constitucionales.

  11. La supervivencia de las Cooperativas de Trabajo Asociado en Colombia: una aproximación teórica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zuray Melgarejo-Molina

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una evaluación crítica del potencial de supervivencia de las Cooperativas de Trabajo Asociado, CTA, en Colombia respecto a las Sociedades Mercantiles, SMERC, poniendo especial énfasis en la estructura de propiedad del capital. Una parte de la literatura sugiere que las CTA tienen mayores probabilidades de sobrevivir que otro tipo de empresas, debido a que ofrecen mayor estabilidad en el empleo y a que proporcionan mayores incentivos a sus trabajadores, al participar en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, otras teorías argumentan que las CTA son ineficientes debido a problemas de free-rider, a que exhiben serios conflictos del tipo agente-principal, y a la degeneración, producto del comportamiento buscador de rentas de los mismos, que lleva a una menor probabilidad de supervivencia. Para la realización de este trabajo se recopiló la información disponible en la base de datos de la Superintendencia de Economía Solidaria para las CTA. Los resultados de dicha evaluación destacan la falta de correspondencia entre gran parte de los postulados que plantea la teoría económica y el positivo desarrollo de las CTA en Colombia.

  12. Relacion Entre el Giro de Negocio y Supervivencia en Microempresas: Estudio Longitudinal en Cancun-Mexico

    OpenAIRE

    Lorena Hernandez von Wobeser; Francisco J. May Hernandez; Mario Gabriel Martinez Casas

    2015-01-01

    La microempresa es la forma de emprendimiento más socorrida no solamente en México sino en el mundo entero siendo parte fundamental de la estructura económica del país. Estudios previos del tema han reportado, sin embargo, altos índices de mortandad que presenta este tipo de negocios. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar los giros de negocio que presentan mayor supervivencia empresarial en las microempresas de la Región 101 en un periodo de 4 años a través de un estudio longitudinal...

  13. Retos en la internacionalización y supervivencia de los nuevos emprendimientos manufactureros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel González-Loureiro

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre la orientación internacional y la supervivencia de empresas manufactureras de reciente creación. Para ello se estudió una muestra de 2.975 nuevos emprendimientos constituidos durante el período 2001-2010 en la industria textil-confección de España. Metodológicamente, se han empleado modelos de duración mediante regresiones de Cox, que modelizan el riesgo relativo asociado con una variable en función del tiempo transcurrido hasta que sucede el evento. Los principales resultados evidencian que la internacionalización de los nuevos emprendimientos es una condición necesaria aunque no suficiente para sobrevivir en una industria globalizada como la textil-confección. Los nuevos emprendimientos manufactureros compitiendo en sectores de alto valor añadido tienen un menor riesgo relativo de mortalidad que las empresas que compiten en sectores de bajo valor añadido. Por ello, junto con esa orientación hacia los mercados exteriores, es necesario que estos emprendimientos consideren otros retos relacionados con el ajuste en el binomio modalidad internacionalizadora y subsector de actividad en el que desean competir, definido este en términos de valor añadido. Futuras investigaciones deben profundizar en la posible existencia de un momento óptimo para internacionalizarse en términos de edad organizativa porque en los nuevos emprendimientos manufactureros parece existir una relación de intercambio entre internacionalización temprana y supervivencia en el corto plazo. No obstante, si el nuevo emprendimiento permanece demasiado tiempo como puramente doméstica tiene el riesgo de quedarse estancado en dicho mercado y no aprovechar las oportunidades de los mercados exteriores de compra y/o venta

  14. Socio-sanitary profile and information for living kidney donors and recipients in three Andalusian hospitals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel-Ángel Calvo-Calvo

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Background: Information provided by health professionals to potential donors and recipients is essential for an autonomous and objective decision to make a living kidney donation. Objectives: To determine the characteristics of the information received by living kidney donors and recipients, to find out their socio-sanitary profile, their socio-demographics, financial and labor characteristics, health and the caregiving activity of these donors and recipients. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of the population of living kidney donors and recipients from the University Hospitals Puerta del Mar (Cádiz, Virgen del Rocío (Seville, and the University Hospital Complex of Granada, between 08/04/2014 and 08/06/2015. Results and conclusions: According to the 40 living kidney donors and their 40 recipients surveyed, it is mainly nephrologists who make people aware and provide information about living kidney donation. Almost half of recipients require more information so the evaluation processes and pre-donation information should be updated. In general, the living kidney donor is female, aged 50, with primary/secondary education, lives with a partner and is related to the kidney recipient. Also, the living kidney donor is in paid employment, is overweight, perceives her health as very good or good, and does not smoke or drink alcohol. However, the typical living kidney recipient is male, aged 44 and has completed secondary school studies and vocational training. Furthermore, he does not work, perceives his health as good or regular, and he is an independent person for activities of daily living. Resumen: Antecedentes: La información suministrada por profesionales sanitarios a posibles donantes y receptores es fundamental para una decisión autónoma y objetiva de donar un riñón en vida. Objetivos: Conocer las características de la información que reciben los donantes y receptores renales de vivo, averiguando su perfil

  15. Aplicación y técnicas del análisis de supervivencia en las investigaciones clínicas Application and techniques of survival analysis in clinical research

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anissa Gramatges Ortiz

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una actualización sobre el análisis de supervivencia en las investigaciones clínicas. Se expusieron algunos de los conceptos más generales sobre este tipo de análisis y las características de los tiempos de supervivencia.Se abordan temas relacionados con los diferentes métodos que facilitan la estimación de las probabilidades de supervivencia para uno o más grupos de individuos, con la ejemplificación del cálculo de las probabilidades para el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se destaca la comparación de la supervivencia de varios grupos atendiendo a distintos factores que los diferencian, así como también se enuncian algunas de las pruebas estadísticas que nos posibilitan la comparación, como son la prueba log rank y la Breslow, como alternativa de esta cuando se evidencia una divergencia del azar proporcional, es decir, cuando las curvas de supe DE SUPERVI rvivencia se cruzanconcepts of this type of analyses and the characteristics of survival times were presented. Aspects related with the different methods facilitating the estimation of survival probabilities for one or more groups of subjects, including the example of calculation of Kaplan Meier method´s probabilities were dealt with . The survival rates of several groups were compared, taking into consideration various factors that differentiate them. Some of the statistical tests making the comparison possible such as log rank test, and the Breslow test as an alternative of the former when there is a proportional random divergence, that is, when survival curves cross were stated

  16. Frecuencia de grupos sanguíneos y factor Rh en donantes de sangre, Colombia ,1996

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio Beltrán

    1999-03-01

    Full Text Available El establecer un patrón nacional de distribución de los grupos sanguíneos por seccionales de salud con base en los datos de donantes de banco de sangre, permite la localización e intercambio de sangre y componentes con fines de transfusión de una manera oportuna, mejora la disponibilidad de sangre y ofrece, además, información útil para áreas como las de genética para identificación personal y pruebas de paternidad, y en el campo antropológico para hallar diferencias raciales según su distribución. Con el fin de estimar la frecuencia y distribución de los grupos A, 8, AB y O y factor Rh por seccionales de salud en donantes de sangre, se analizó la información enviada durante 1996 por todos los bancos del país a la Coordinación Nacional de Bancos de Sangre con sede en el lnstituto Nacional de Salud. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la información, diferenciando por grupos sanguíneos y la presencia o ausencia del factor Rhesus. Durante 1996, los 180 bancos de sangre del país recolectaron 393.063 unidades de sangre; éstos reportaron los datos de pruebas de grupos sanguíneos A, B, AB , O y factor Rhesus de 338.063 (86% unidades; no se obtuvo información de las unidades restantes. Del total de unidades hemoclasificadas, 91,16% correspondió al factor Rhesus positivo; para este factor, la distribución por grupos sanguíneos fue de 56,2% para el grupo 0; 26,0% para el grupo A; 7,3% para el grupo B, y 1,4% para el grupo sanguíneo AB. El 8,83% de las unidades de sangre restantes correspondió al factor Rhesusne-a ativo. con una distribución por grupos sanguíneos de 5,1%'para el grupo 0; 2,7% para el grupo A; 0,7% para el grupo B, y para el grupo AB 0,31%. Los bancos de sangre de las seccionales de Antioquia, Caldas y San Andrés, reportaron la mayor proporción de unidades de sangre hemoclasificadas como factor Rhesus negativo. Esta información debe ser utilizada por todos los bancos de sangre, para ubicar e

  17. Biliopancreatic tumors: patient survival and quality of life after palliative treatment Tumores biliopancreáticos: supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes sometidos a tratamiento paliativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. V. García Sánchez

    2004-05-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: to analyse survival and quality of life of patients with malignant obstructive jaundice after palliative treatment, comparing endoscopic stent insertion and palliative surgical (pallative resection and bypass surgical. Patients and method: eighty and seven patients were included in a trial. They were distributed to endoscopic stent (50 and palliative surgical (37. It analysed survival, quality of life and comfort index of jaundiced patients. The good quality of life was defined by absence of jaundice, pruritus and cholangitis after the initial treatment. Results: the median survival of the patients treated to endoscopic stent was 9,6 months whereas the patients to surgical treatment survived a median of 17 months. The time free of disease was 4 months in stented patients and 10,5 months in surgical patients. There was no significant difference in comfort index between the two groups (stented 34%, surgical 42,5%. Neither was there significant difference in survival and quality of life between palliative resection and bypass surgery. Conclusions: despite the survival and time free of disease being better in surgical patients, there was no significant difference in overall quality of life between the two groups. The survival and quality of life are the same after palliative resection as after bypass surgery, for this should not be performed routinely or to justify resection as a debulking procedure.Objetivos: analizar la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes con ictericia obstructiva maligna sometidos a tratamiento paliativo, y comparar estos resultados en función de la alternativa terapéutica aplicada (prótesis biliar endoscópica frente a cirugía paliativa de resección o derivación biliodigestiva. Pacientes y método: ochenta y siete pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio que se distribuyeron en dos grupos: a 50 sometidos a drenaje biliar endoscópico con colocación de endoprótesis; y b 37 intervenidos quir

  18. El crecimiento económico y la supervivencia

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    Currie Lauchlin

    1993-12-01

    our times.Currie, Lauchlin, El crecimiento económico y la supervivencia", cuadernos de Economía, vol. XIII, Números 18 -19, Bogotá, 1993, pp. 301-312. En este artículo Currie alerta score los peligros inminentes de un crecimiento no dirigido ni planeado, el cual puede llegar a tornase inmanejable, constituyéndose en una seria amenaza para la supervivencia misma de la humanidad. Pese a que los países en desarrollo aún deben procurar alcanzar tasas mayores de crecimiento, dados los inmensos niveles de pobreza de la mayoría de su población, Currie alerta sobre los peligros inherentes al crecimiento mismo. En efecto, el increíble cambio tecnológico suscitado en los dos últimos siglos carece de dirección básica, crece el armamentismo, se destruye el medio ambiente y se profundiza la especialización. El cambio tecnológico y el crecimiento económico han creado al mismo tiempo peligrosas amenazas para la supervivencia humana en condiciones satisfactorias, Deben buscarse maneras de moldear el medioambiente y la cultura, para así escapar a las amenazas, o al menos, reducirlas. Se está ensanchando la brecha entre nuestra capacidad técnica y nuestra percepción  humanística, debe buscarse por tanto un control consciente que permita multiplicar, desde las universidades, una formación más generalista, única capaz de permitir una reflexión profunda sobre el futuro y de llevarnos a proponer eficaces soluciones. Si queremos sobrevivir, no debemos esperar que estas soluciones vengan de los especialistas de los distintos campos de las ciencias. Se concluye que, puesto que el problema esencial es como emplear la intel

  19. Permanencia en vivero del acodo aéreo de Myrciaria dubia “camu camu” y su efecto en la supervivencia en campo definitivo

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    Jorge Gálvez

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El camu camu, es una especie frutal nativa, silvestre y cultivada de la región amazónica, importante el alto contenido de vitamina C, antocianinas y compuestos fenólicos presentes en la pulpa y cáscara de sus frutos. Se propaga en forma convencional por semilla botánica, con la desventaja de producir plantaciones desuniformes producto de la alogamia que presenta la planta; sin embargo la propagación vegetativa se presenta como una alternativa que permite mantener el genotipo intacto y asegura el aprovechamiento del germoplasma valioso. El objetivo del trabajo, fue evaluar el tiempo de permanencia del acodo aéreo de camu camu en vivero, para obtener mayores porcentajes de supervivencia en campo definitivo. El experimento se ejecutó en el Campo Experimental “San Miguel” de la Estación Experimental Agraria San Roque del INIA. Los acodos aéreos fueron realizados en una plantación comercial del INIA, luego de enraizados, se separaron y se trasladaron a campo definitivo o a vivero de acuerdo con los tratamientos en estudio. El diseño utilizado fue de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y cuatro niveles del factor tiempo (0, 1, 2 y 3 meses. La variable principal estudiada fue la supervivencia de los acodos trasplantados. El mejor tratamiento fue cuando el acodo aéreo permaneció 3 meses en vivero con 98,61% de supervivencia, a los 7 meses después del trasplante.

  20. Permanencia en vivero del acodo aéreo de Myrciaria dubia “camu camu” y su efecto en la supervivencia en campo definitivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Gálvez

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El camu camu, es una especie frutal nativa, silvestre y cultivada de la región amazónica, importante el alto contenido de vitamina C, antocianinas y compuestos fenólicos presentes en la pulpa y cáscara de sus frutos. Se propaga en forma convencional por semilla botánica, con la desventaja de producir plantaciones desuniformes producto de la alogamia que presenta la planta; sin embargo, la propagación vegetativa se presenta como una alternativa que permite mantener el genotipo intacto y asegura el aprovechamiento del germoplasma valioso. El objetivo del trabajo, fue evaluar el tiempo de permanencia del acodo aéreo de camu camu en vivero, para obtener mayores porcentajes de supervivencia en campo definitivo. El experimento se ejecutó en el Campo Experimental “San Miguel” de la Estación Experimental Agraria San Roque del INIA. Los acodos aéreos fueron realizados en una plantación comercial del INIA, luego de enraizados, se separaron y se trasladaron a campo definitivo o a vivero de acuerdo con los tratamientos en estudio. El diseño utilizado fue de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y cuatro niveles del factor tiempo (0, 1, 2 y 3 meses. La variable principal estudiada fue la supervivencia de los acodos trasplantados. El mejor tratamiento fue cuando el acodo aéreo permaneció 3 meses en vivero con 98,61% de supervivencia, a los 7 meses después del trasplante.

  1. Efecto de la herbivoría y coralivoría por peces en la supervivencia de corales trasplantados en el Caribe colombiano

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    Luis Chasqui-Velasco

    2007-12-01

    forrajeo por peces, debido a la reducción de la presión competitiva alga-coral, sobretodo en P. astreoides. Los scáridos parecen afectar la supervivencia de los corales tanto de manera negativa, al morder en el tejido vivo, como de manera positiva al controlar el crecimiento de las macroalgas. En general, el éxito del transplante de coral fue poco afectado por la actividad de forrajeo de los peces, aunque algunas diferencias entre las especies de coral parecen estar relacionadas con la forma de las colonias. La interacción entre el forrajeo de peces hervíboros y el balance competitivo alga-coral puede ser importante en determinar la supervivencia al transplante.Effect of herbivorous and corallivorous fishes on the survival of transplanted corals in the Colombian Caribbean. To examine the effects of herbivorous and corallivorous fishes on the survival of transplanted colonies of Montastraea annularis, Diploria labyrinthiformis and Porites astreoides, both transplanted and native colonies were full-cage enclosed and compared to open (uncaged colonies, while caging effects were assessed with a partial-cage (roof treatment. To evaluate if transplant stress increased the corals availability to fish predation, comparisons of fish foraging intensity among transplanted versus native colonies were made. To determine the density of herbivorous and corallivorous fishes on the transplants area visual censuses were made. The transient herbivorous fishes (Scaridae and Acanthuridae were the most abundant fishes, and the corallivorous fishes (mainly Chaetodontidae were the scarcest. A negative effect of territorial herbivorous fishes on M. annularis transplants survival was observed, mainly early on the study. Fish foraging intensity was similar on transplanted and native colonies, but differed among coral species, being lowest on D. labyrinthiformis. Fast macroalgal growth inside full-cages due to reduced fish grazing was observed. This caused partial bleaching and partial

  2. LAS EMPRESAS DE FORMACIÓN DEL FUTURO. EL EJERCICIO DE LA CALIDAD COMO ESTRATEGIA DE SUPERVIVENCIA

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    Manuel Fandos Igado

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El debate sobre la calidad en y de la educación es, además de muy interesante, muy complejo. Este trabajo aporta una reflexión sobre la misma sobre algunos ejes escasamente analizados, ya que nos adentra en una visión empresarial desde la perspectiva educativa. Las empresas de formación, como el caso concreto que analizamos, Master-D, parten, como premisa de actuación, de que la praxis concreta de la calidad es necesariamente una garantía de supervivencia, futuro y progreso.

  3. Tasa de supervivencia de los implantes dentales de óxido de circonio. Una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

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    Heber Isac Arbildo-Vega

    2017-07-01

    Conclusión: La literatura revisada señala que los implantes dentales de óxido de circonio poseen la misma tasa de supervivencia que los implantes dentales de titanio, sin embargo, se necesitan más investigaciones para recomendar su uso clínico.

  4. Prevalencia de infeccion por HTLV-I/II en donantes de sangre de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina Prevalence of HTLV-I/II infection among blood donors in Santa Fe Province, Argentina

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    Roque O. Brun

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Subsecuentemente a que en 1997 el Programa Nacional de SIDA implementó un Programa deVigilancia Epidemiológica a escala nacional, se comenzaron a detectar anticuerpos anti-HTLV-I/II en donantes de sangre de la Provincia de Santa Fe. En base a ese hallazgo inicial, se consideró pertinente estimar la seroprevalencia de HTLV-I/II en donantes santafecinos en el curso de los 4 años siguientes. Así, desde 1997 hasta 2002, se estudiaron 9425 muestras provenientes de 17 de los 19 departamentos de la Provincia. Del total de muestras, 38 resultaron reactivas por técnicas de tamizaje, y de ellas 18 fueron confirmadas por western blot (WB. De esas muestras, 10 fueron HTLV-I/II seropositivas con una prevalencia final de 0.1% (10/9425, en tanto que 7 resultaron indeterminadas y 1 negativa. De las seropositivas, 2 (0.02 % eran HTLV, 3 (0.03 % HTLV-I, y 5 (0.05 % HTLV-II. Cabe destacar que por primera vez se constató la presencia de infección por HTLV-I/II en donantes de sangre de Santa Fe, y con una prevalencia mayor a las referidas para donantes de sangre de áreas no endémicas de Argentina. Estos datos fundamentan la necesidad de un screening sistemático para la infección por HTLV-I/II mediante normas regulatorias en bancos de sangre de esta provincia.Subsequent to the National Epidemiologic Surveillance Program developed in 1997 by the National AIDS Program, anti-HTLV-I/II antibodies among blood donors in Santa Fe Province started to be detected. On the basis of this initial finding, it was regarded of interest to evaluate the true HTLV-I/II seroprevalence in this population during a four-year survey. Thus, from 1997 up to 2002, 9425 samples were studied from 17 out of the 19 provincial departments. Out of the total sampling, 38 proved reactive by agglutination techniques, 18 of which were confirmed by western blot (WB. Out of the latter, 10 were HTLV-I/II seropositive with a final prevalence of 0.1% (10/9425, whereas 7 were indeterminate and 1

  5. Análisis de supervivencia según la oportunidad de atención en la enfermedad coronaria

    OpenAIRE

    Fabián A. Dávila; Diana A. Pardo; Antonio J. Lewis; Luis Vargas

    2016-01-01

    Introducción: La oportunidad en la atención de los servicios de urgencias es una determinante de la calidad en la salud asociado con la mortalidad, se pretende definir la relación entre la supervivencia de los pacientes con la enfermedad coronaria en la unidad de cuidados coronarios con la oportunidad de atención en urgencias. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, se extrajeron los registros de la unidad de cuidado coronario, urgencias y los certificados de...

  6. Cálculo automatizado de la supervivencia relativa vía web: El proyecto WAERS del Instituto Catalán de Oncología Automatic calculation of relative survival through the web: The WAERS project of the Catalan Institute of Oncology

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    Ramon Clèries

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available La medida utilizada habitualmente para estimar la supervivencia del cáncer es la supervivencia relativa, definida como el cociente entre la supervivencia observada y la esperada. La supervivencia esperada se calcula a partir de la mortalidad de una población de referencia. La disponibilidad y la preparación de tablas de mortalidad de la población general no es siempre posible y requiere software específico para su cálculo. A tal efecto, el Instituto Catalán de Oncología (ICO ha desarrollado la aplicación WAERS, una aplicación web que proporciona la estimación de la supervivencia relativa para una cohorte de pacientes. El usuario debe preparar los datos en un formato específico y enviarlos a un servidor remoto que se encuentra en el ICO. Este servidor calcula la supervivencia relativa y devuelve los resultados en un fichero a una dirección que ha indicado el usuario. Mediante esta aplicación, los registros de cáncer de base hospitalaria y poblacional y los registros de otras enfermedades pueden estimar la supervivencia relativa de sus cohortes seleccionando a la población de referencia que consideren (provincia o comunidad autónoma. También puede ser útil para estudios de mortalidad en cohortes.The most commonly used measure to estimate cancer survival is relative survival, defined as the ratio between observed and expected survival. Expected survival is computed on the basis of the mortality of a reference population. Mortality tables for the general population are not always available and their calculation requires specific software. For that purpose, the Catalan Institute of Oncology developed WAERS (Web-Assisted Estimation of Relative Survival, a web-based application that estimates the relative survival for a cohort of patients. The user prepares data in a specific format and sends them to a remote server located at the Catalan Institute of Oncology. This server computes relative survival and returns a file with the

  7. Supervivencia de Pseudomonas fluorescens en suelos con diferente contenido de materia orgánica Pseudomonas fluorescens survival in soils with different contents of organic matter

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    E.B.R. Perotti

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Pseudomonas fluorescens es una bacteria PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, heterótrofa, capaz de combatir fitopatógenos edáficos. Su supervivencia podría estar favorecida por el elevado contenido de materia orgánica del suelo (MOS. Para probarlo, se inocularon, en condiciones de laboratorio, tres cepas de P. fluorescens: UP61, C7R12, y P190 (nativa de Balcarce, Buenos Aires en suelos rizosféricos de tomate representativos de diferentes zonas de Argentina: suelo Argiudol (Balcarce, y Zavalla, Santa Fe y suelo Torrifluvens (Cipolletti, Río Negro (MOS %: 7,2; 4,3 y 2,6 respectivamente. Los resultados indicaron que la supervivencia de P. fluorescens en los suelos Argiudoles fue similar; aunque las pendientes de las curvas de supervivencia en el suelo de Zavalla fueron menores que las observadas en el suelo de Balcarce. La producción de CO2 fue superior en el suelo de Balcarce que en el suelo de Zavalla (4,3 y 2,8 mmol.g-1suelo, esta diferencia podría ser explicada por la existencia de una mayor presión competitiva por parte de la microflora nativa. La supervivencia en el suelo Torrifluvens resultó mínima, lo que sería atribuible a su elevada conductividad eléctrica más que al menor contenido de MOS. La cepa UP61 presentó en todos los casos la mejor supervivencia.Pseudomonas fluorescens are plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR. The survival of this inoculated heterotrophic bacterium may be affected by soil organic matter content (SOM. To confirm this hypothesis, three strains of P. fluorescens: UP61, C7R12 y P190 (native of Balcarce, Buenos Aires were inoculated, in laboratory conditions, into three argentine rhizospheric soils: two Argiudolls (Balcarce, and Zavalla, Santa Fe and a Torrifluvens (Cipolletti, Río Negro with different SOM: 7,2; 4,3; and 2,6%, respectibily. The results indicated that the all three isolates survival in general was not different. The slopes of the regression curves in Zavalla soil were very

  8. Venta cruzada en los fondos de pensiones colombianos: una aproximación mediante análisis de supervivencia

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    Andrés Machado Quevedo, Mg

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo de estrategias comerciales para realizar ventas cruzadas efectivas de servicios pensionales, puede ser uno de los retos más grandes de los fondos de pensiones. Se utilizó la base de datos de los afiliados a un fondo de pensiones obligatorias colombiano para implementar varios modelos que describen la incidencia de cuatro características propias de los afiliados sobre la probabilidad de ingresar al fondo de pensiones voluntarias en el siguiente mes. Los modelos se fundamentan en las técnicas de análisis de supervivencia.

  9. Prevalencia de la enfermedad celiaca en donantes de sangre de la Comunidad de Madrid Prevalence of celiac disease in apparently healthy blood donors in the Autonomous Community of Madrid

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    M. D. García Novo

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de enfermedad celiaca en la población adulta de la Comunidad de Madrid utilizando como método de despistaje los anticuerpos frente a la transglutaminasa tisular. Población y métodos: han participado de modo voluntario 2.215 donantes de sangre. Todos ellos rellenaron una encuesta. Se determinó la IgA sérica total y los anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa tisular. A los donantes con anticuerpos positivos, se les ofreció la realización de biopsia intestinal por endoscopia. La histología de la mucosa intestinal se graduó según los criterios de Marsh. Resultados: mediante la encuesta se identificaron tres celiacos diagnosticados previamente. Once donantes presentaban anticuerpos positivos, todos ellos asintomáticos. Cuatro rechazaron la biopsia intestinal. De los siete en los que se realizó, tres tenían atrofia vellositaria y cuatro infiltrado linfocitario con vellosidades normales. En nuestro estudio el número total de donantes con enfermedad celiaca confirmada por biopsia fue de seis, lo que supone una prevalencia del 1/370. Considerando el grado I de Marsh, la prevalencia de la enteropatía por gluten sería de 1/222. La respuesta inmunológica anómala al gluten medida por la positividad de los anticuerpos fue de 1/201 que alcanza valores de 1/158 si consideramos los tres celiacos diagnosticados previamente. Conclusiones: los datos de prevalencia hallados en este estudio confirman que la enfermedad celiaca constituye un problema sanitario de primer orden, que podría justificar la instauración de un programa de despistaje universal. Se ha detectado un alto número de casos de enteritis linfocitaria lo que obliga a plantearse la actitud a seguir.Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of celiac disease among the adult population of Madrid by measuring antibodies against tissue transglutaminase as serologic screening method. Population and methods: 2,215 subjects participated

  10. Análisis de supervivencia en presencia de riesgos competitivos: estimadores de la probabilidad de suceso Survival analysis with competing risks: estimating failure probability

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    Javier Llorca

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Mostrar el efecto de los riesgos competitivos de muerte en el análisis de supervivencia. Métodos: Se presenta un ejemplo sobre la supervivencia libre de rechazo tras un trasplante cardíaco, en el que la muerte antes de desarrollar el rechazo actúa como riesgo competitivo. Mediante una simulación se comparan el estimador de Kaplan-Meier y el modelo de decrementos múltiples. Resultados: El método de Kaplan-Meier sobrestima el riesgo de rechazo. A continuación, se expone la aplicación del modelo de decrementos múltiples para el análisis de acontecimientos secundarios (en el ejemplo, la muerte tras el rechazo. Finalmente, se discuten las asunciones propias del método de Kaplan-Meier y las razones por las que no puede ser aplicado en presencia de riesgos competitivos. Conclusiones: El análisis de supervivencia debe ajustarse por los riesgos competitivos de muerte para evitar la sobrestimación del riesgo de fallo que se produce con el método de Kaplan-Meier.Objective: To show the impact of competing risks of death on survival analysis. Method: We provide an example of survival time without chronic rejection after heart transplantation, where death before rejection acts as a competing risk. Using a computer simulation, we compare the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the multiple decrement model. Results: The Kaplan-Meier method overestimated the probability of rejection. Next, we illustrate the use of the multiple decrement model to analyze secondary end points (in our example: death after rejection. Finally, we discuss Kaplan-Meier assumptions and why they fail in the presence of competing risks. Conclusions: Survival analysis should be adjusted for competing risks of death to avoid overestimation of the risk of rejection produced with the Kaplan-Meier method.

  11. Supervivencia adulta y dinámica poblacional del lauchón orejudo Phyllotis darwini en Chile central Adult survival and population dynamics in the leaf-eared mouse Phyllotis darwini in central Chile

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    Laurent Crespin

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available A nivel demográfico, los resultados clásicos de los modelos matriciales separan a las especies de tiempo generacional corto de las especies de tiempo generacional largo en cuanto a la importancia de la supervivencia adulta para la dinámica poblacional. Específicamente, la supervivencia adulta no debería contribuir de manera importante en la tasa de cambio poblacional de especies de tiempo generacional corto. Sin embargo, Yoccoz et al. (1998, Research Population Ecology 40: 107-121 propusieron que la supervivencia adulta sería el parámetro demográfico más importante para determinar la tasa de cambio poblacional en pequeños roedores cuando se toma en consideración una escala de tiempo mensual. Con el fin de poner a prueba esta hipótesis en este trabajo, utilizamos cinco años de datos de captura-marcaje-recaptura para estimar la supervivencia y la maduración de las hembras del lauchón orejudo, Phyllotis darwini, en una localidad de Chile central. El análisis mostró que las probabilidades de supervivencia disminuían con el promedio anual de la cantidad de lluvia y que las probabilidades de maduración disminuían con la densidad poblacional. Basados en las probabilidades de supervivencia y maduración, construimos un modelo matricial estacional para medir la importancia relativa de cada parámetro demográfico en el ciclo de vida de la especie a través de un análisis de perturbación. A fin de reflejar la variabilidad estacional del ambiente, dos estaciones fueron incorporadas en el modelo matricial: una estación de lluvia de cinco meses y una estación seca. Se observó que la supervivencia adulta era en efecto el parámetro demográfico con la elasticidad más fuerte. Por lo tanto, estos resultados apoyan la hipótesis de Yoccoz et al. (1998Classic results of matrix models predict that, in species with a long generation time, adult survival should be the demographic parameter driving population dynamics whereas, in species

  12. Mitos sobre la donación de órganos en personal de salud, potenciales receptores y familiares de potenciales donantes en un hospital peruano: estudio cualitativo

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    Katherine Gómez-Rázuri

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Explorar los mitos sobre la donación de órganos en un hospital nacional de Lambayeque-Perú, en el año 2014. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo-fenomenológico con veinticuatro entrevistas a profundidad no estructuradas a personal de salud, potenciales receptores y familiares de potenciales donantes. El muestreo fue intencional opinático finalizado por saturación teórica de cada estamento. Se utilizó una guía de entrevista evaluada por cinco expertos. Se realizó triangulación de datos. Resultados. Veintitrés entrevistados (95,8% mostraron actitud favorable hacia la donación de órganos. En el Documento Nacional de Identidad, trece (54,2% refieren "no" a la donación. Los mitos fueron: la edad o enfermedades contraindican la donación; el receptor de un órgano experimenta actitudes de su donador y vive en él; la muerte cerebral es inmovilidad del cuerpo y un estado reversible; las religiones no aceptan la donación de órganos, esta afecta la integridad física y la resurrección, y existen preferencias en la lista de espera de donantes así como el tráfico de órganos. Conclusiones. Los mitos explorados en el presente estudio muestran perspectivas religiosas, socioculturales, psicológicas y éticas. La aparente falta de conocimiento del diagnóstico de muerte cerebral es el punto de partida que marca el proceso de donación. La existencia de un coordinador hospitalario, el rol de los guías espirituales y la correcta información brindada por medios de comunicación serían piezas clave para derribar estos mitos.

  13. Mecanismos de regulación de la glucolisis en neuronas y su función en supervivencia celular

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Rodríguez, Patricia

    2014-01-01

    [ES] El mantenimiento de un correcto equilibrio en el metabolismo energético neuronal es esencial para la supervivencia celular. Existen datos que indican que la neurotransmisión glutamatérgica activa señales moleculares que afectan tanto a la captación de glucosa por las neuronas como a sus vias de metabolización. En esta tesis doctoral describimos un método sensible y específico para la determinación de flujos metabólicos por vía de las pentosas-fosfato y por glucolisis en neuronas a...

  14. Crecimiento y supervivencia de plántulas de cinco especies de Acacia (Fabaceae, que coexisten en bosques secos neotropicales de Argentina, en distintas condiciones de disponibilidad de luz y agua

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    Paula Venier

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El establecimiento de la plántula es una de las etapas más riesgosas para las plantas, especialmente en zonas áridas y semiáridas donde la sequía y alta radiación solar influyen sobre su emergencia, desarrollo y supervivencia. Se evaluó en invernadero la supervivencia y variables de crecimiento en plántulas sometidas a estrés hídrico y a distintas condiciones de luz, en cinco especies de Acacia (A. aroma, A. caven, A. atramentaria, A. gilliesii y A. praecox que coexisten en los bosques xerófilos de Córdoba, Argentina. Aunque se encontraron diferencias entre las especies (F=5.66, p=0.001, todas tuvieron altos porcentajes de supervivencia en las distintas condiciones de luz y agua, sugiriendo que serían tolerantes al estrés hídrico y podrían establecerse bajo luz o sombra. Si bien todas las especies mejoraron el crecimiento con luz y sin estrés hídrico, A. aroma, A. caven y A. atramentaria mostraron una tendencia hacia un mayor crecimiento en la mayoría de las variables consideradas (F=41.9, p<0.0001; F=7.06, p<0.0001; F=53.59, p<0.0001. Estos resultados sumados a otros ya reportados indicarían una diferenciación de nichos regenerativos favoreciendo la coexistencia regional de estas especies en los bosques xerófilos de Córdoba.

  15. Presencia del antígeno de superficie del virus hepatitis B en donantes de sangre Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen in blood donors

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    Yarelis Prieto Hernández

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la hepatitis B es considerada un importante problema de salud pública mundial, por su amplia distribución geográfica y elevado número de portadores crónicos. Objetivo: demostrar la asociación existente entre el virus de la hepatitis B con factores de riesgo como: edad, raza, intervenciones quirúrgicas, conducta sexual, tatuajes y tratamiento estomatológico. Material y método: se realizó un estudio longitudinal, aplicado y prospectivo en los donantes de sangre del municipio Sandino, en el período de septiembre de 2010 a agosto del de 2011; se les aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica y realizó el antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B. La muestra fue de 1420 donantes. Resultados: se encontraron 18 positivos al antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B, para un 1,3 %, predominó el grupo etáreo de 18-34 años (45,2 % y la raza blanca (60,2 %, el 80,7% no temían intervenciones quirúrgicas, en cuanto a la conducta sexual el 99,3 % heterosexual y los no tatuados predominaron con un 99,3 %. Respecto al tratamiento estomatológico recibido en el último año fue más representativo el grupo que no había recibido tratamiento para un 67,2 %, encontrándose diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: hay una elevada prevalencia del virus de la hepatitis B en donantes de sangre de Sandino, no hay asociación entre la edad, raza, intervenciones quirúrgicas, conducta sexual y tatuajes y la aparición del virus de la hepatitis B. Por el contrario, si hubo relación entre el virus de la hepatitis B y el tratamiento estomatológico.Introduction: hepatitis B is considered an important public health problem all over the world, due to the ample geographic distribution and high number of chronic carriers. Objective: to demonstrate the association of hepatitis B virus with risk factors such as: age, race, surgical interventions, sexual preference, tattoos and dental treatment. Material and method: a longitudinal

  16. Radiación solar y supervivencia en una plantación de Vara de Perlilla (Symphoricarpos microphyllus H.B.K.)

    OpenAIRE

    J. D. Hernández-García; D. A. Rodríguez-Trejo

    2008-01-01

    En el vivero de la División de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, se estableció una plantación de arbustos de vara de perlilla (Symphoricarpos microphyllus H.B.K.), con el fin de estudiar su supervivencia y crecimiento a diferentes niveles de radiación solar. Para ello, los arbustos fueron plantados bajo una plantación de pino, en diferentes condiciones de cobertura de copas. Mediante una cámara digital con lente hemisférica y el uso del programa Hemiview© se midió: ...

  17. Mulheres doadoras de leite humano Mujeres donantes de leche humana Reasons women donate breast milk

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    Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar algumas variáveis do perfil sócio-demográfico de doadoras de leite humano no Banco de Leite e identificar as razões que as fazem doar seu leite. MÉTODOS: estudo exploratório de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em maio de 2003 com 11 doadoras de leite humano em maternidade pública de Fortaleza-CE. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se formulário semi-estruturado. RESULTADOS: a maioria apresentava idade entre 16 e 20 anos, eram casadas, possuíam instrução do ensino fundamental até o universitário. O motivo que levou as nutrizes a doar seu leite era o ingurgitamento mamário e eram encaminhadas por profissionais de saúde. A maioria desconhecia os benefícios proporcionados pelo aleitamento materno para a mãe e filho, bem como a importância do Banco de Leite. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: sugere-se que as mulheres em geral devem receber informações a respeito dos benefícios e importância do aleitamento natural, incluindo informações sobre doação do leite humano, mediante os bancos de leite.OBJETIVO: se tuvo como objetivos verificar algunas variables del perfil socio-demográfico de donantes de leche humana en el Banco de Leche e identificar las razones que las llevan a donar su leche. MÉTODOS: estudio exploratorio de carácter descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en mayo del 2003 con 11 donantes de leche humana en una maternidad pública de Fortaleza-CE. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un formulario semi-estructurado. RESULTADOS: la mayoría tenía edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 20 años, casadas, poseían instrucción de enseñanza fundamental. El motivo que llevó a las nutrices a donar su leche fue la turgencia mamaria siendo encaminadas por profesionales de salud. La mayoría desconocía los beneficios proporcionados por la lactancia materna tanto para la madre como para el hijo, así como la importancia del Banco de Leche. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: se sugiere

  18. Paciente oncológico con incapacidad laboral absoluta: características epidemiológicas, supervivencia y seguimiento de su incapacidad laboral Cancer patients with absolut permanent incapacity: epidemiology, survival and monitoring work disability

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    Raúl Jesús Regal Ramos

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Cada año tanto la incidencia como la supervivencia del cáncer aumentan en España y, paralelamente el gasto económico que supone las Invalidez Permanente Absoluta (IPA por estas patologías. Objetivo: Conocer las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes oncológicos con IPA y qué variables se asocian a una supervivencia mayor a 5 años, con la finalidad de establecer unos criterios de revisión de la capacidad laboral de estos pacientes. Método: Se analizaron los pacientes valorados en la Unidad Médica de la Dirección Provincial del Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social de Madrid en el año 2005 menores de 55 años, con el diagnóstico de patología oncológica y cuya calificación final fue la de IPA. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, estado civil, profesión, régimen de afiliación a la Seguridad Social, tipo de cáncer (diferenciando si estaba extendido y/o había tenido recidivas, la presencia de otras patologías asociadas, la presencia de otras limitaciones constitutivas de IPA y por último la supervivencia a los 5 años. De los pacientes que seguían vivos en Noviembre del 2010 se estudió la relación de las variables con la supervivencia y la evolución de su grado de invalidez. Resultados: El total de pacientes estudiados fueron 212. Los tumores más frecuentes en la mujer fueron mama y pulmón, y en el hombre pulmón y colon-recto. La supervivencia a 5 años fue del 30% observándose que disminuye con la edad, en función del tipo de tumor, ante la presencia de metástasis y / o recidivas y ante la presencia de comorbilidad. Los tumores que más muertes causan son pulmón en hombres y mama en mujeres. En cuanto al seguimiento de la invalidez, el 54 % (35 de 64 de los supervivientes ni habían sido revisados ni tenían secuelas u otras patologías constitutivas IPA. Conclusión: La medicina evaluadora debe adaptarse a los cambios en la evolución de estos pacientes y debe hacerlo actualizando la

  19. Crecimiento y supervivencia del mejillón Mytella strigata (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) en cultivo suspendido en la Laguna Macapule, Sinaloa, México

    OpenAIRE

    Diarte-Plata, Genaro; Escamilla-Montes, Ruth; De la Cruz-Agüero, Gustavo; Granados-Alcantar, Salvador; Álvarez-Ruiz, Píndaro

    2013-01-01

    Se evaluó el crecimiento y la supervivencia de juveniles del mejillón de barba de hacha (Mytella strigata) en un cultivo suspendido durante 7 meses en el Estero La Piedra en el Sistema Lagunar Macapule, Sinaloa, México. Se sembraron 6,000 juveniles de M. strigata de 6 mm de longitud promedio. Se determinó el crecimiento y la tasa de crecimiento instantáneo relativo, mediante la fórmula TCIR = ((Ln L2 - Ln L1)/t) x 100. Se analizó la relación longitud de las valvas-peso total, con una regresió...

  20. Factores pronósticos relacionados con la supervivencia del cáncer de mama Prognostic factors related to breast cancer survival

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    Lourdes Flores-Luna

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar los factores pronósticos del cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyó a 432 mujeres con cáncer de mama admitidas de 1990 a 1999 en el Hospital General de México para evaluar la supervivencia mediante las técnicas de Kaplan-Meier y los métodos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. RESULTADOS: La supervivencia global a cinco años fue de 58.9%. La menor supervivencia corresponde a los estadios clínicos IIIB (47.5%, IIIA (44.2% y IV(15%, la metástasis hematógena fue de 21.4% y el tumor positivo en bordes quirúrgicos de 12.5%. La invasión linfovascular (RR= 1.9; IC95% 1.3-2.8, el estadio clínico IV (RR= 14.8; IC95% 5.5-39.7 y el tumor en bordes quirúrgicos (RR= 2.4; IC95% 1.2-4.8 fueron los principales factores pronósticos. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados dan consistencia a los criterios de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las mujeres con cáncer de mama atendidas en México y toman en consideración las condiciones de la tumoración, como extensión de la malformación, etapa clínica y estado de los ganglios linfáticos antes de decidir la conducta terapéutica inicial.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prognostic factors for breast cancer in Mexican women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred and thirty two women with breast cancer, admitted from 1990 to 1999 to the General Hospital of Mexico, were included to evaluate their survival using the Kaplan-Meier technique and Cox proportional hazard method. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival was 58.9%. The shortest survival rate corresponds to the clinical stage (IIIB, 47.5%; IIIA, 44.2%; and IV, 15%, the haematological metastasis (21.4% and surgical edges with positive tumor (12.5%. Lymph node-positive (RR, 1.9; IC95%, 1.3-2.8, clinical stage IV (RR, 14.8; IC95%, 5.5-39.7 and surgical edges with positive tumor (RR, 2.4; IC95%, 1.2-4.8 were the central prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: These results give consistency to diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for women

  1. Doação de leite humano: experiência de mulheres doadoras Donación de leche humana: experiencia de mujeres donantes Breast milk donation: women's donor experience

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    Lucienne Christine Estevez de Alencar

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever características do comportamento de doação e identificar motivos, crenças e sentimentos relativos a essa prática, segundo relatos de mulheres doadoras. Foram investigados ainda aspectos pessoais e socioambientais de mulheres doadoras e ex-doadoras que parecem afetar a conduta de doação. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal com mulheres doadoras cadastradas em dois bancos de leite da rede pública de saúde do Distrito Federal, com coleta de dados no período de julho a setembro de 2005. Participaram 36 mulheres com idades que variaram de 14 a 33 anos (média=24,78; dp=5,22, com diferentes níveis de escolaridade, sendo 58,3% primigestas. O procedimento de coleta de dados baseou-se em entrevistas domiciliares. Além das análises estatísticas descritivas, procedeu-se à análise de conteúdo categorial dos dados qualitativos. RESULTADOS: Os motivos mais citados para a doação de leite foram altruísmo e excesso de produção lática. O intervalo de tempo mais freqüente para a concretização da doação foi de 13 dias após o parto. Contato telefônico com o banco de leite foi a conduta adotada pela maioria das participantes (n=22 para obtenção de informações que favoreceram o início do processo de doação. CONCLUSÕES: Foram identificados aspectos psicossociais e experiências de mulheres doadoras que poderão contribuir para o fortalecimento da rede de apoio social formal e informal para doação, além de servir de estímulo para a implementação de estratégias técnicas e políticas que favoreçam a prática de doação.OBJETIVO: Describir características del comportamiento de donación e identificar motivos, creencias y sentimientos relacionados con esa práctica, según relatos de mujeres donantes. Fueron investigados también aspectos personales y socioambientales de mujeres donantes y ex-donantes que parecen afectar la conducta de donación. MÉTODOS: Fue realizado

  2. Embolización esplénica completa como tratamiento de la ascitis refractaria postrasplante

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    Oana-Anisa Nutu

    Full Text Available RESUMEN La ascitis refractaria es una complicación infrecuente que puede aparecer en el posoperatorio de un trasplante hepático y cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento suponen un verdadero reto. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes trasplantados por cirrosis criptogénica y que en el posoperatorio inmediato cursaron con ascitis refractaria, una complicación grave que se asocia con una disminución de la supervivencia de hasta un año y afecta la calidad de vida del paciente. Tras descartar las principales causas de ascitis en nuestros pacientes, se propuso como etiología el hiperaflujo portal, una condición que se perpetúa con la circulación esplénica y que condiciona una reducción del flujo arterial hepático. Por tanto, si se consigue disminuir el aflujo arterial al bazo, disminuyen el retorno venoso y la circulación portal, mejorando el flujo arterial. Con la embolización esplénica, procedimiento que surgió hace varios años como tratamiento al fenómeno del robo de la arteria esplénica y en los casos de "small for size" en el trasplante de donante vivo, se pretende disminuir el hiperaflujo portal y, por tanto, la ascitis. En conclusión, la embolización de arteria esplénica es una opción terapéutica como tratamiento de la ascitis refractaria en el postrasplante hepático.

  3. Ancillary personnel faced with living liver donation in a Spanish hospital with a transplant program El personal no sanitario de un hospital español con programa de trasplantes ante la donación de vivo hepática

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    A. Ríos

    2006-12-01

    preparación ni formación sanitaria en la mayoría de casos, lo cual hace que su actitud pueda estar basada en el desconocimiento o miedos no fundados. El objetivo es analizar la actitud hacia la donación hepática de vivo de los profesionales no sanitarios de un hospital con programa de trasplante de órganos de cadáver y de donante vivo hepático, y analizar las variables que influyen en dicha actitud. Pacientes y método: muestra aleatoria y estratificada por servicio (n = 401 entre el personal no sanitario del hospital. La actitud se valoró mediante una encuesta validada en nuestro medio. Para su distribución se contactó en cada servicio con el representante del mismo al cual se le explicó el estudio y fue el responsable del reparto del cuestionario en los turnos seleccionados. La encuesta fue cumplimentada de forma anónima y autoadministrada. Estadística: test de Chi cuadrado, t de Student y análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: el grado de cumplimentación del cuestionario fue del 94% (n = 377. De los encuestados, el 20% (n = 74 está a favor de la donación de vivo de un hemi-hígado tanto relacionada como no relacionada, porcentaje que asciende hasta el 82% (n = 307 si la donación fuera relacionada. Del resto, el 8% (n = 30 no acepta dicha donación y el 11% (n = 40 restante está indeciso. Al analizar las variables que se relacionan con la actitud hacia la donación de vivo hepática se obtienen: la actitud hacia la donación de cadáver (p = 0,002, el creer el encuestado en la posibilidad de necesitar un trasplante en el futuro (p < 0,001 y en dicho caso la aceptación de un hígado de donante vivo (p < 0,001. Al realizar el análisis multivariante persisten ambas: a el creer el encuestado en la posibilidad de necesitar un trasplante en un futuro (OR = 1,5; y b en dicho caso la aceptación de un riñón de donante vivo (OR = 16,2. Conclusiones: la actitud hacia la donación de vivo hepática entre el personal no sanitario de un hospital

  4. Survival at nine neonatal intensive care units in São Paulo, Brazil La supervivencia en nueve unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales en São Paulo, Brasil

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    Maria Teresa Zullini

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available A collaborative effort to assess factors affecting newborn survival at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs was made by studying 1948 newborns admitted to nine NICUs in the city of São Paulo between 1 June and 30 November 1991. Data on the study subjects were obtained using a standardized form. This was the first activity undertaken by a network of neonatologists (the Paulista Collaborative Group on Neonatal Care dedicated to jointly evaluating and improving neonatal care in that city. The study results showed an overall mortality of 59 deaths per 1000 neonates, with survival improving as gestational age and birthweight rose. Other variables significantly affecting survival were a poor maternal obstetric history (a previous stillbirth or neonatal death, or two or more spontaneous abortions; birth asphyxia (Apgar at 5 minutes Una iniciativa colectiva para evaluar los factores que inciden en la supervivencia de los recién nacidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN se llevó a cabo mediante el estudio de 1948 neonatos ingresados en nueve UCIN de la ciudad de São Paulo entre el 1 de junio y el 30 de noviembre de 1991. Se usó un formulario estandarizado para recoger información sobre los niños estudiados. Fue la primera actividad emprendida por una red de neonatólogos (Grupo Colaborador Paulista para la Atención Neonatal dedicada a evaluar y mejorar, mediante un esfuerzo colectivo, la atención neonatal en la ciudad. Los resultados del estudio revelaron una mortalidad general de 59 defunciones por 1000 recién nacidos y una mayor supervivencia mientras mayores fueran la edad gestacional y el peso al nacer. Otras variables que tuvieron un efecto significativo en la supervivencia fueron la presencia de antecedentes obstétricos maternos desfavorables (hijos mortinatos o muertes neonatales previas, o dos o más abortos espontáneos; asfixia al nacer (Apgar <7 a los 5 minutos; síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria; infecciones

  5. Influencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, en la morbimortalidad perioperatoria y supervivencia a largo plazo, de pacientes intervenidos electivamente por cáncer colorrectal

    OpenAIRE

    García-Oria, Miguel Juan

    2015-01-01

    Introducción: La obesidad ha alcanzado proporciones de epidemia en los países desarrollados. En estos mismos países, el segundo cáncer más frecuente es el cáncer colorrectal, y no existen datos concluyentes en la literatura científica, respecto a como puede influir el exceso de peso, en los resultados del tratamiento de dicho cáncer. Objetivos: Evaluar la influencia de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en la morbimortalidad intra y postoperatoria y en la supervivencia a largo plazo de los pacientes ...

  6. Efecto de la inulina y del ácido fúlvico en la supervivencia, crecimiento, sistema inmune y prevalencia de WSSV en Litopenaeus vannamei

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    Anayeli Gutiérrez-Dagnino

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió el efecto del prebiótico inulina y ácido fúlvico, adicionados en el alimento, sobre el crecimiento, supervivencia, prevalencia de WSSV y sistema inmune de Litopenaeus vannamei. Para esto, se realizó un bioensayo, con tratamientos por triplicado, donde se probaron diferentes concentraciones de los aditivos. Se hizo un análisis de WSSV en organismos infectados con una carga viral relativamente alta utilizando la PCR sencilla y anidada. Al final del bioensayo se extrajo la hemolinfa y se estudió el sistema inmune en hemocitos a nivel bioquímico y genético (PCR cuantitativo. El peso final fue similar en todos los tratamientos y la supervivencia estuvo entre 66,7% y 93,3%. La prevalencia de WSSV disminuyó un 13% respecto al control. El número de hemocitos, la actividad de la fenoloxidasa y la concentración de anión superóxido fueron similares en todos los tratamientos. Los aditivos modularon la expresión de los genes transglutaminasa, superóxido dismutasa y profenoloxidasa, pero no la del receptor Toll. Los aditivos no afectan negativamente el crecimiento y protegen al camarón contra WSSV en organismos infectados con una carga viral relativamente alta. No se observó efecto de los aditivos en los efectores del sistema inmune estudiados a nivel bioquímico pero si modularon la expresión de algunos genes relacionados con el sistema inmune en L. vannamei.

  7. Editor de la revista: entre el sueño y la supervivencia

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    Maria das Graças TARGINO

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Analiza el papel del editor científico, relaciona las habilidades necesarias para aquellos que anhelan ser editor y reanuda las funciones que él realiza en una revista científica. Revisa los conceptos clave, como editor y editora, edición y proceso editorial. Recuerda la tipología de las editoras, y, sobre todo, muestra que el editor vive la paradoja de responder a las cuestiones culturales del país en que vive (el sueño y asegurar las ganancias por los libros que publica (la supervivencia. Describe el mercado editorial brasileño de las publicaciones científicas, en referencia a los títulos impresos y electrónicos. Destaca la mediación entre el autor y el editor y los dilemas inherentes a la función de generar la producción intelectual (de cualquier naturaleza; la mercantilización creciente de la producción intelectual y científica como producto comercial; la multiplicidad de funciones que la cotidianidad impone al editor; la cuestión cantidad versus calidad de los originales enviados a las revistas científicas. Por último, destaca la importancia del editor de revistas científicas, que garantiza la seguridad, la calidad y el reconocimiento de los títulos publicados y, por lo tanto, de la comunicación científica mediante el cuidado con la calidad de los trabajos científicos.

  8. Editor de la revista: entre el sueño y la supervivencia

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    Maria das Graças TARGINO

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Analiza el papel del editor científico, relaciona las habilidades necesarias para aquellos que anhelan ser editor y reanuda las funciones que él realiza en una revista científica. Revisa los conceptos clave, como editor y editora, edición y proceso editorial. Recuerda la tipología de las editoras, y, sobre todo, muestra que el editor vive la paradoja de responder a las cuestiones culturales del país en que vive (el sueño y asegurar las ganancias por los libros que publica (la supervivencia. Describe el mercado editorial brasileño de las publicaciones científicas, en referencia a los títulos impresos y electrónicos. Destaca la mediación entre el autor y el editor y los dilemas inherentes a la función de generar la producción intelectual (de cualquier naturaleza; la mercantilización creciente de la producción intelectual y científica como producto comercial; la multiplicidad de funciones que la cotidianidad impone al editor; la cuestión cantidad versus calidad de los originales enviados a las revistas científicas. Por último, destaca la importancia del editor de revistas científicas, que garantiza la seguridad, la calidad y el reconocimiento de los títulos publicados y, por lo tanto, de la comunicación científica mediante el cuidado con la calidad de los trabajos científicos.

  9. Efecto del número de aplicaciones de cloprostenol sobre la regresión de cuerpos lúteos, el retorno al celo y la ovulación, después de un tratamiento superovulatorio en donantes de embriones bovinos

    OpenAIRE

    Cabra, C.; Garzón, J. V.; Tribulo, A.; Mapletoft, R.; Jiménez, C.; Bo, G.

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de la aplicación doble o triple de prostaglandina sobre la regresión de CL, ovulación y retorno al celo después de un tratamiento superovulatorio en vacas donantes de embriones. Para este experimento se tomaron 44 vacas asignadas al azar a dos grupos de tratamiento. Al primero (n = 23; CLO 0 & 7) se le aplicó una dosis de 500 μg de cloprostenol los días 0 (denominado día de la colecta) y 7; al segundo grupo (n = 21; ...

  10. El contrato de donación de gametos y preembriones en la legislación española sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida

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    Ángela Ruiz Sáenz

    2013-12-01

    técnicas heterólogas, cuando al menos uno de los gametos que intervienen en la fecundación pertenece a un sujeto distinto de las personas que pretenden ser padres, es decir, procede de donante.En este sentido, el artículo 5 de la precitada Ley regula el régimen jurídico aplicable a los donantes de gametos y preembriones, configurando el contrato de donación como un contrato gratuito, formal y confidencial concertado entre el donante y el centro autorizado. Consecuentemente, y en tanto que el contrato de donación se celebra entre el donante y el centro autorizado, no sólo el donante es desconocido para la receptora, sino que también ésta es desconocida para el donante.

  11. Significados atribuidos por el paciente trasplantado al órgano recibido, al donante, a la vida y a la muerte

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    Simone Fuica

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El trasplante de órganos o tejidos es una opción terapéutica viable para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas en estadios terminales y sin compromiso vital. Varias investigaciones y planes de intervención han girado en torno a la dimensión biológica del trasplante y a la promoción de la donación. No obstante, el interés por la experiencia psicosocial y la calidad de vida de los receptores en este proceso, ha aumentado durante la última década. De allí que el objetivo del presente trabajo sea comprender el significado atribuido por el paciente trasplantado al órgano, al donante, a la vida y a la muerte. Método. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en la que se consultaron 51 artículos obtenidos en seis bases de datos especializadas (Ebsco Host: Academic Search, Ebsco Host Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, Proquest, Pubmed, Science Direct & Taylor and Francis Online. Resultados. Aunque el interés en el tema de la experiencia de los receptores durante el proceso de trasplante ha venido en aumento, la investigación de los aspectos psicológicos implicados en el trasplante de órganos y tejidos no es concluyente. Conclusión. Se requiere mayor investigación que proporcione elementos para predecir y explicar la conducta de quienes son trasplantados.

  12. Serological surveillance of measles in blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Vigilancia serológica de sarampión en donantes de sangre de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

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    Rosângela Castro-Silva

    2003-11-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To estimate the proportion of individuals seronegative for measles antibody among blood donors from a blood bank in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to describe their social and demographic characteristics, with the goal of exploring the potential use of plasma banks to supplement serological surveillance with relevant data in order to support the program of measles elimination in the city of Rio de Janeiro and elsewhere. METHODS: Plasma samples from 1 101 consecutive blood donations made in November 2000 at HEMORIO, the largest blood bank in the state of Rio de Janeiro, were tested for measles immunoglobulin G, using a commercial enzyme immunoassay and a plaque reduction neutralization test. We calculated the proportion (and 95% confidence interval (CI of samples seronegative for measles antibody for the total sample of blood donors and also for subgroups categorized by age, sex, neighborhood of residence, education, and occupation. We used the chi-square test to assess the statistical significance of differences in proportions and linear trends in proportions. RESULTS: Of the total group of blood donors, 6.9% of them (95% CI: 5.4%­8.4% were seronegative for measles. Women had a higher proportion (10.1%; 95% CI: 6.8%­13.4% of seronegative results than did men (5.6%; 95% CI: 4.0%­7.2%. In terms of age, 86.8% of seronegative individuals were born between 1971 and 1982. Seronegativity was inversely proportional to age (chi-square = 58.0; P OBJETIVOS: Determinar la proporción de personas seronegativas a anticuerpos contra el sarampión entre los donantes de un banco de sangre de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, y describir sus características sociales y demográficas, con el fin de explorar el uso eventual de los bancos de plasma para complementar la vigilancia serológica con datos que permitan apoyar el programa de erradicación del sarampión en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro y en otras localidades. MÉTODOS: Se estudi

  13. Factors related to survival in hepatocellular carcinoma in the geographic area of Sabadell (Catalonia, Spain Factores relacionados con la supervivencia en el carcinoma hepatocelular en el área geográfica de Sabadell

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    Mireia Miquel

    2012-05-01

    ón clínica en nuestra área. 2. Comparar la supervivencia de los pacientes según si seguían cribado o no. 3. Evaluar los factores pronósticos de supervivencia. Pacientes y métodos: se recogieron prospectivamente (enero 2004-diciembre 2006 datos epidemiológicos y evolución clínica de pacientes diagnosticados de CHC. Se estudiaron dos grupos en función del cribado (grupo A = cribado, grupo B = sin cribado. Resultados: 110 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de CHC (70% hombres. La etiología más frecuente de la cirrosis fue por virus C en 56,1%, eran Child A el 69%. El seguimiento mediano fue de 1,8 años. El 51% estaban en programa de cribado. El diagnóstico de CHC fue mediante pruebas de imagen en el 48,2% y 51,8% por criterios histológicos. El tamaño tumoral mediano fue 23 mm en el grupo A y de 28 mm en el B (p = 0,005. El tratamiento con intención curativa fue del 72% en el A y del 48% en el B (p = 0,011. La supervivencia global mediana fue de 1,99 años: grupo A. 2,67 años y grupo B 1,75 años (p = 0,05. El análisis multivariado de la supervivencia global evidenció que el tipo de tratamiento -OR = 2,82 (IC 95%: 1,3-6,12 (p = 0,009- y la funcionalidad hepática -OR = 1,71 (IC 95%: 1,1-2,68 (p= 0,020- predicen independientemente la supervivencia. Conclusiones: el cribado permite el diagnóstico de lesiones de menor tamaño y mayor porcentaje de tratamientos curativos. De forma independiente el grado de función hepática y la realización de un tratamiento curativo predicen la supervivencia.

  14. Efecto del número de aplicaciones de cloprostenol sobre la regresión de cuerpos lúteos, el retorno al celo y la ovulación, después de un tratamiento superovulatorio en donantes de embriones bovinos

    OpenAIRE

    C. Jiménez; R. Mapletoft; A. Tribulo; J. V. Garzón; Cabra C.; G. Bo

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de la aplicación doble o triple de prostaglandina sobre la regresión de CL, ovulación y retorno al celo después de un tratamiento superovulatorio en vacas donantes de embriones. Para este experimento se tomaron 44 vacas asignadas al azar a dos grupos de tratamiento. Al primero (n = 23; CLO 0 & 7) se le aplicó una dosis de 500 μg de cloprostenol los días 0 (denominado día de la colecta) y 7; al segundo grupo (n = 21; CLO 0, 1 & 7) se le...

  15. Detección de candidatos a trasplante hepático (1990-1999 en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe y determinación de la supervivencia

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    Gonzálo Correa Arango

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available

    Determinar en los pacientes cirróticos que consultaron al HPTU
    (1990-1999 los potenciales candidatos a un trasplante hepático, cuáles fueron sus causas de ingreso y la supervivencia actual sin trasplante hepático. Adicionar estos resultados a los obtenidos en el HUSVP para conocer la dinámica del comportamiento del paciente con enfermedad hepática susceptible de un trasplante hepático en la ciudad de Medellín.

     

     

  16. La mortalidad en la infancia durante la Guerra Civil. Impacto territorial estimado a partir del Censo de 1940

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    Fernando Gil Alonso

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se utilizan las preguntas del Censo de 1940 sobre la fecundidad retrospectiva ?hijos nacidos vivos e hijos supervivientes en el momento censal? de las mujeres casadas al menos una vez para estimar los niveles de supervivencia de sus descendientes y, por tanto, de mortalidad en la infancia (hasta los 15 años, según un método propuesto por W. Brass. Los resultados muestran que la Guerra Civil empeoró los niveles de supervivencia en la infancia en prácticamente todas las provincias españolas, pero tuvo un impacto diferencial muy contrastado. Comparando los niveles de supervivencia antes y durante el conflicto bélico, se obtiene que fueron las provincias meridionales y levantinas las más afectadas, mientras que en Cataluña y la Meseta septentrional los niveles de mortalidad en la infancia parecen haber empeorado menos, pese a que mostraban posiciones extremas respecto a los niveles de supervivencia antes de la guerra. De esto se deduce que, a pesar de que debiera existir una cierta relación entre el nivel de desarrollo demográfico y la vulnerabilidad que muestran las provincias ante una coyuntura desfavorable, tales características no parecen jugar un papel significativo como factor explicativo de los niveles de supervivencia durante el conflicto bélico.

  17. Crecimiento, supervivencia y condición del callo de hacha Atrina maura (Sowerby, 1835 (Bivalvia: Pinnidae en el estero La Piedra, Sinaloa, México

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    Andrés Martín Góngora-Gómez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó el crecimiento y la supervivencia del callo de hacha Atrina maura (Sowerby, 1835 cultivado durante 15 meses (mayo 2010–agos - to 2011, en el estero La Piedra, municipio de Guasave, Sinaloa, México. Se adquirieron 3,000 semillas (61.50 ± 0.5 mm de longitud, 4.98 ± 0.2 g de peso promedio. Se registró la temperatura (26.15 ± 6.35ºC, el oxígeno disuelto (6.94 ± 1.67 mg/L, pH (6.79 ± 1.5 y la salinidad del agua (32.25 ± 7.25 ups quincenalmente. Los valores de crecimiento fi - nales fueron de 193.17 ± 11.50 mm, para la altura de la concha, y 156.54 ± 25.30 g para el peso. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la altura de la concha y el peso total a lo largo del cultivo (P<0.05. La tasa de crecimiento fue de 0.29 mm/d y 0.33 g/d para la altu - ra de la concha y el peso, respectivamente. La relación morfométrica longitud-peso fue alométrica (2.39, y mostró una correlación positiva (r = 0.88. La supervivencia final fue de 92.79%. Los resultados muestran que en el estero La Piedra, Sinaloa, A. maura no alcan - zó la talla comercial ( ≥ 200 mm después de 15 meses de cultivo; presumiblemente, por la presencia de contaminantes en el agua. Se reco - mienda la realización de futuros cultivos de A. maura en el estero, considerando el efecto de las variables del medio ambiente en su crecimiento.

  18. The debate in Chile on organ donation revisited

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    Miguel Hugo Kottow Lang

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Aumenta la escasez de órganos para trasplantes de cadáver a vivo, en tanto la lista de receptores crece por extensión de las indicaciones médicas para trasplantar y la longevidad de enfermos crónicos con disfunciones orgánicas. Chile tiene una tasa bajísima de 6,7 donantes por millón, pese a una ley de consentimiento presunto enmendada para acoger un “principio de reciprocidad”. Casi cuatro millones de personas documentan su rechazo a donar, y el 53% de familias niegan la donación en los presuntamente disponibles. Es urgente repensar y flexibilizar ciertos aspectos hasta ahora rechazados como algún incentivo no material, la donación parcial de órganos, la posibilidad de aceptar vínculos personales entre donantes y receptores, e incrementar la transparencia de los procedimientos para fomentar la confianza en ellos.

  19. Asociación del color de la concha de reproductores de Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819 con la supervivencia, crecimiento y desarrollo larval de sus progenies Association between shell color of breeds (Lamarck, 1819 and the survival, growth and larval development of their progenies

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    Ricardo M García

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Las conchas de moluscos bivalvos marinos son extremadamente diversas en sus patrones de pigmentación y riqueza de colores. Tal diversidad se debe a factores ambientales y genéticos. En bivalvos marinos adultos, individuos con coloraciones de concha poco comunes en las poblaciones silvestres suelen presentar tasas de crecimiento y supervivencia menores que aquellos con colores de concha más frecuentes. Conociendo que la variación del color de la concha en Argopecten purpuratus está bajo control genético, en este trabajo se pone a prueba la hipótesis de que los loci responsables de dicha variación pueden afectar el crecimiento, la supervivencia y la tasa de desarrollo de las larvas de esta especie. Se estimó la supervivencia y el crecimiento en progenies de cruzamientos dirigidos entre individuos de A. purpuratus con colores de concha blanco, naranja y marrón, y se verificó la existencia de diferencias en las tasas de desarrollo. El crecimiento de las larvas producidas en cruzamientos que incluyeron individuos marrones o blancos con naranja no mostraron diferencias entre sí. En cambio, las progenies producto de autofecundaciones de individuos naranja y blancos presentaron tasas de crecimiento significativamente menores que las anteriores y distintas entre sí. Las tasas de desarrollo y de supervivencia, en cambio, no mostraron diferencias entre las progenies de los distintos tipos de cruzamientos. Los resultados sugieren que los genes que controlan la variación del color en las conchas de juveniles y adultos de A. purpuratus afectarían la tasa de crecimiento de sus larvas, pero no la tasa de desarrollo ni su supervivencia.Marine bivalve mollusks are extremely diverse in shell color and pigmentation patterns. Such diversity is affected by environmental and genetic factors. Some evidences in adult marine bivalves shows that individuals with low-frequency shell colors have lower growth rates and/or higher mortalities than those with the

  20. Perdida ósea margina y supervivencia a cuatro años de implantes osteointegrados colocados en pacientes con síndrome de Down y parálisis cerebral

    OpenAIRE

    López Giménez, Julián

    2017-01-01

    un estudio retrospectivo de colocación de implantes en síndrome de down paralíticos cerebrales y pacientes sanos y hacer una comparativa entre los grupos y valorar la pérdida ósea marginal y el fracaso implantológico de cada grupo además valorar otras variables según la edad prótesis localización.... RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN & OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la tasa de supervivencia de los implantes y la pérdida ósea marginal después de 4 años en pacientes con síndrome de D...

  1. ADAPTACIÓN DEL MODELO ESPAÑOL DE GESTIÓN EN TRASPLANTE PARA LA MEJORA EN LA NEGATIVA FAMILIAR Y MANTENIMIENTO DEL DONANTE POTENCIAL

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    Neide da Silva Knihs

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del estudio fue comparar los datos relacionados a la formación y perfil de los coordinadores de trasplante de Brasil y España para evaluar oportunidades de mejoría en la negativa familiar y el mantenimiento del donante en nuestro país. Una minuciosa evaluación fue realizada, comparando los datos de formación del coordinador de trasplante, perfil del coordinador de trasplante y de la metodología de trasplante de cada país. En Brasil el promedio de horas de capacitación recibida antes de empezar a trabajar con trasplantes es de ocho horas, en España de 42 horas. En Brasil 22,9% de los coordinadores de trasplante son médicos y en España 95% son médicos. El tiempo que actúa el coordinador de trasplantes en Brasil es de nueve meses y 22 días y en España 60 meses. El Modelo de Gestión de la Organización Nacional de Trasplante, puede ser adaptado en Brasil, como una forma de mejoría en la formación del coordinador de trasplante y de cambiar las tasas por negativa familiar y por pérdidas de mantenimiento.

  2. Fracción vascular estromal de tejido adiposo: cómo obtener células madre y su rendimiento de acuerdo a la topografía de las áreas donantes: estudio preliminar

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    K. A. Almeida

    Full Text Available La obtención de tejido adiposo supone un nuevo y prometedor mercado de trabajo para los cirujanos plásticos, ya que los bancos de tejidos escogerán de forma acertada la grasa como el medio más fácil para obtener fuentes de células madre de alto rendimiento, en la medida en que este tejido es capaz de producir al menos cinco veces más unidades formadores de colonias (UFCs que la médula ósea. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar lo que se puede esperar del tejido adiposo como origen de células adultas de fracción vacular estromal (FVE, y señalar las mejores áreas del cuerpo humano para ser elegidas como donantes de tejido adiposo, extraído mediante liposucción. Describimos la rutina seguida para la obtención de células de FVE mediante la digestión de las muestras de tejido adiposo humano con colagenasa. En el momento de su recolección, esas células presentaban una viabilidad de 92+/- 1% basada en exclusión por Azul de Trypan. Las células de FVE recontadas después de permanecer 48 horas en medio de cultivo de Eagle modificado por Dulbecco (DMEM, dentro de una cámara de Neubauer, tras lo cual el rendimiento medio de las células de FVE fue de 7,2 +/- 1,3 x 103 células por mililitro de tejido lipoaspirado. En conclusión, pensamos que supone un desafío en la actualidad el mejorar las estrategias para la obtención de células de FVE. Este trabajo, por ahora preliminar, muestra que las células de FVE pueden ser fácilmente obtenidas por medio de lipoaspiración. La comparación entre las diferentes áreas donantes, mostró un rendimiento 22% más alto para las células de FVE cuando el tejido adiposo había sido obtenido del tronco, en comparación a cuando lo había sido de los miembros.

  3. PIGMENTACIÓN, CRECIMIENTO Y SUPERVIVENCIA DE CRÍAS CARPA KOI (CYPRINUS CARPIO VAR. HAEMATOPTERUS ALIMENTADAS CON DIETAS CON INCLUSIONES DE ACEITE DE LANGOSTILLA ROJA (PLEURONCODES PLANIPES

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    Gloria L. Gil R.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de aceite de langostilla roja (Pleuroncodes planipes sobre el crecimiento, supervivencia y pigmentación del tegumento de crías de carpa koi (Cyprinus carpio var. haematopterus. El estudio consistió en tres experimentos: experimento 1, con fotoperiodo de 4 h L / 20 h O y aguas claras; experimento 2, con fotoperiodo 12 h L/ 12 h O y aguas claras, y, experimento 3, cuyo fotoperiodo fue de 12 h L /12 O y aguas con algas. En estos experimentos, dos variedades de crías de carpa koi -naranjas y con manchas oscuras- fueron alimentadas con dietas adicionadas con aceite de langostilla a diferentes porcentajes de inclusión (0, 1, 2 y 3 %, con el 5% de alimento con relación a la biomasa de cada unidad experimental. Al final de cada uno de los experimentos se tomaron fotografías de los organismos y se analizó la coloración con el modelo de matiz-saturación-brillantez de cuatro regiones anatómicas en ambas variedades de crías y en los experimentos 1 y 2 se evaluaron parámetros biológicos: supervivencia, ganancia en longitud y en peso, y porcentaje de incremento en peso y en longitud. Las dietas adicionadas con aceite de langostilla roja no fueron rechazadas por los organismos, y no se observaron efectos negativos en las variables evaluadas. En general, la inclusión de aceite influyó en la pigmentación de las crías de color naranja y en el crecimiento y la coloración de los organismos con manchas oscuras, particularmente cuando el fotoperiodo fue de 12 L/ 12 O.

  4. Características y análisis de la supervivencia de las personas atendidas en el programa de atención domiciliaria del Área Básica de Salud Raval Nord, Barcelona: 1993-2002

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    Segura Noguera Josep María

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: El aumento de la esperanza de vida ha conducido a un progresivo envejecimiento de la población y a una creciente atención sóciosanitaria a domicilio. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la población de enfermos crónicos domiciliarios atendidos durante los 10 primeros años de atención domiciliaria por un equipo de atención primaria de un Centro de Salud urbano, estudiar la frecuentación y analizar la supervivencia de las personas atendidas en el mismo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo. Los sujetos de estudio fueron los 1.357 enfermos crónicos incluidos desde el inicio de un programa de atención domiciliaria (mayo 94-diciembre 2002. En primer lugar se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las características principales de esta población. Posteriormente, mediante el método de los riesgos proporcionales de Cox, se valoraron los factores asociados con la supervivencia, y asimismo se elaboraron las correspondientes curvas de probabilidad de supervivencia acumulada utilizando el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Predominio de población femenina (68%, y una media de edad de 82 años (DE: 11 años. Destacan la falta de ascensores (76%, y la soledad (18%. Presentan dependencia absoluta para todas las actividades de la vida diaria un 11% de los enfermos, mientras que aproximadamente un 20% muestra severas alteraciones cognitivas. En relación con la atención domiciliaria, se superó el objetivo del programa de 2-3 visitas/enfermo/año para el personal médico y de 4-6 para el personal de enfermería. La vacunación antigripal se mantuvo siempre por encima del objetivo del 70%, mientras que la vacunación antitetánica aumentó anualmente. Conclusiones: La población atendida en este programa se caracteriza por ser muy envejecida, con una alta mortalidad y que requiere atención domiciliaria continuada. Durante los 10 años estudiados se han logrado la mayor parte de los objetivos prefijados.

  5. ¿Cuál es la supervivencia de los injertos de grasa en la cara? ¿Cómo cuantificarla?: medicina basada en la evidencia

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    E. Serna-Cuéllar

    Full Text Available Muchos de los artículos publicados acerca del éxito de los injertos autólogos de grasa (IAG en humanos son muy subjetivos o, en el mejor de los casos, semicuantitativos Hasta hoy, se necesitan estudios adicionales, tanto clínicos como básicos, antes de que podamos llegar a precisar el valor de esta técnica. Diseñamos un estudio prospectivo y randomizado con el objetivo de cuantificar la supervivencia de los autoinjertos de grasa en cara, en una serie seleccionada de 71 pacientes con defectos subcutáneos de partes blandas faciales que cumplieron criterios de inclusión, en dos grupos, según fueran casos de Cirugía Reconstructiva o de Cirugía Estética. El procedimiento quirúrgico estándar empleado fue la técnica de lipoestructura facial; se tomó biopsia del tejido adiposo injertado a los 14 meses de seguimiento. Empleamos el método estereológico para medir los parámetros volumétricos cuantitativos de la grasa en el momento de la inyección y en el momento de la biopsia. Por medio de simples ecuaciones matemáticas, pudimos extraer las tasas de prendimiento tanto volumétrica como numérica. También se practicaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos y cuantitativos de todos los datos. Los injertos de grasa autólogos en la cara sobreviven en dos tercios del volumen inyectado a los 14 meses de seguimiento. La única prueba confirmatoria de supervivencia de los autoin-jertos de grasa es la evidencia y demostración histológica de tejido adiposo viable en las zonas receptoras y su cuantificación mediante un método de evaluación volumétrico, preciso y objetivo, como el que permite la Estereología.

  6. Trasplante hepático pediátrico estudio descriptivo de la experiencia recogida por el grupo de trasplante pediátrico de clínica las condes y hospital luis calvo mackenna

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    M. Mario Uribe, Dr.

    2010-03-01

    Conclusión: Los resultados del THP en términos de sobrevida y complicaciones es similar a la experiencia de centros extranjeros, la cual es superior a las expectativas y calidad de vida de los pacientes sin trasplante. Las áreas de mayor desarrollo de nuestro centro y que presentan los mayores desafíos son el trasplante hepático en niños menores de 10 kilos, en falla hepática aguda, y el uso de donante vivo.

  7. Densidad, crecimiento y supervivencia de juveniles de Lyropecten (Nodipecten nodosus (Pteroida: Pectinidae en cultivo suspendido en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela

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    Vanessa Acosta

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available El efecto de la densidad sobre el crecimiento y la supervivencia de juveniles del pectínido Lyropecten nodosus se estudió en condiciones de cultivo intermedio en el Golfo de Cariaco, Estado Sucre, Venezuela (diciembre 93 - julio 94. Se evaluaron seis densidades de siembra (7, 15, 30, 60, 125 y 250 ejemplares/cesta con una longitud y una masa seca inicial de 9.4 + 0.18 mm y 0.007 + 0.0026 g, respectivamente. Los juveniles fueron colocados en cestas japonesas "pearl nets" y posteriormente suspendidas en un "long line" a 8 m de profundidad. Los patrones de crecimiento en cada uno de los compartimientos del soma fueron similares, pero con magnitudes diferentes e inversamente proporcionales a la densidades de cultivo; sin embargo, la supervivencia no fue afectada significativamente, sugiriendo que la competencia intraespecífica de los organismos en cultivo provocó un estrés notable, aunque insuficiente para causar mortalidad. Los resultados y estrategias proyectadas para el cultivo intermedio de L. nodosus sugieren un procedimiento de disminución de la densidad de organismos a través de desdobles sucesivos en un período de cultivo de seis meses obteniendo tallas cercanas a los 50 mm para comenzar el cultivo de engorde.The effect of culture density on growth and survival of juveniles was studied in the scallop Lyropecten nodosus with intermediate hanging cultures in Golfo de Cariaco, Sucre state, Venezuela, from December 1993 to July 1994. Six spat-densities (7, 15, 30, 60, 125 and 250 scallops/nets were evaluated. The initial shell height and dry mass tissue were 9.4 + 0.18 mm and 0.007 + 0.0026 g, respectively. The specimens were placed into pearl nets and suspended in a long line at 8 m depth. Growth patterns of somatic tissue were similar, but with different magnitudes and inverse proportionality to culture density. No effect of density was observed on survival. These results suggest that intraspecific competition of cultivated scallops

  8. Mutaciones del gen de la Hemocromatosis en donantes de sangre voluntarios y en pacientes con Porfiria cutánea tarda en Chile Mutations of hemochromatosis gene in volunteer blood donors and Chilean porphyria cutanea tarda patients

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    Carlos Wolff F

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available La acumulación de hierro hepático asociada a mutaciones en el gen HFE de la hemocromatosis hereditaria (HH en los pacientes con porfiria cutánea tarda (PCT podría tener un papel en la etiología y en la expresión clínica de esta enfermedad. Se estudió la frecuencia de las mutaciones H63D y C282Y en un grupo de pacientes con PCT y se la comparó con la observada en un grupo de donantes voluntarios de sangre. Los pacientes con PCT fueron catalogados como portadores de la forma hereditaria o adquirida de la enfermedad, según presentaran o no mutaciones en el gen uroporfirinógeno decarboxilasa (UROD. El 50% de los pacientes con PCT eran portadores de la forma genética de la enfermedad, porcentaje significativamente mayor que lo informado en otras series. El 23% de los donantes voluntarios de sangre eran portadores de la mutación H63D y 2.4% lo era de la mutación C282Y. Frecuencias similares a lo encontrado por otros autores en población chilena de etnia blanca, en población argentina y española, pero significativamente más alta que lo encontrado en estudios en población aborigen araucana. Esto tiene, probablemente, relación con el predominio de ascendencia española en la población blanca chilena. La frecuencia de mutación en el gen HFE en pacientes con PCT no fue significativamente diferente que la observada en donantes voluntarios de sangre. Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de estas mutaciones entre los casos con PCT adquirida respecto de aquellos en que ésta era de origen genético. Los resultados obtenidos no permiten afirmar que exista asociación entre la PCT y la condición de portador de mutaciones del gen HFE de la hemocromatosis hereditaria.In patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT, hepatic iron accumulation associated to hereditary hemochromatosis (HH could play a role in the etiology and in the clinical expression of the disease. The H63D and C282Y mutations of the HFE gene frequency were

  9. Utilización de los donantes añosos en pacientes trasplantados por cirrosis por virus C Old donors in liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C

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    V. Aguilera

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la historia natural de la hepatitis C recurrente tras el trasplante hepático (TH es muy heterogénea, existiendo un porcentaje no despreciable de pacientes con evolución desfavorable. La identificación de factores asociados con peor evolución puede ayudar a mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. La edad del donante se perfila como uno de los factores más importantes, pero es una variable difícilmente modificable. Objetivos: a describir la historia natural de los receptores VHC (+ en función de la edad del donante ( 10%; c relacionados con la cirugía: tiempos isquemia fría y recalentamiento, duración intervención, número de concentrados de hematíes trans-fundidos; y d relacionados con el post-trasplante: inmunosupresión, analítica en el post-TH precoz (Background: the natural history of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation (LT is extremely variable, with progression to allograft failure in a substantial proportion of patients. The identification of factors associated with this poorer outcome may improve results. While donor age has been identified as one of the most important factors, the actual options to modify this variable are limited. Objectives: a to describe the natural history of HCV(+ liver transplant recipients depending on donor age ( 1 during the first year post-LT, development of a cholestatic form of recurrent hepatitis C, and /or graft failure due to HCV during the first five years post-LT. Factors analyzed as potentially associated with recurrent hepatitis C included: a recipient-related: demographics (age, sex, pre-transplantation (hepatocellular carcinoma, Child-Pugh classification, history of alcohol, HBV serological markers, antiviral treatment, nutritional status, biochemical variables; b donor-related: demographics (age, sex, cause of death, grade of steatosis defined as minimal vs. moderate-severe > 10%; c surgery-related: cold preservation and rewarming time, duration of

  10. La adición de LH a la estimulación ovárica no produce más maduración endometrial prematura ni diferente patrón de expresión génica endometrial que la estimulación con solo FSH. Un estudio comparativo en donantes de ovocitos

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Muñoz, Elkin

    2015-01-01

    El papel de la LH es controvertido en los tratamientos de reproducción asistida. La LH permitiría la eliminación del exceso de progesterona durante la fase folicular. La estimulación ovárica favorece la maduración endometrial prematura (MEP). Esta tesis evalua el impacto de la LH sobre la MEP y describe su análisis génico endometrial. Material y Métodos: Seis donantes de ovocitos se sometieron a dos procesos de estimulación cada una. Cinco días después de suspendidos los anticonceptivos se es...

  11. Cierre de zona donante de colgajo libre radial de antebrazo con colgajo de rotación-avance basado en perforantes cubitales

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    P. Bolado-Gutiérrez

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available La transferencia libre del colgajo radial de antebrazo se emplea en la práctica clínica habitual en numerosos procedimientos reconstructivos. Sin embargo, también es popular debido a la potencial morbilidad que se genera en la zona donante del colgajo: trastornos vasculares, motores, sensitivos o estéticos. A pesar de haberse realizado numerosas modificaciones tanto en la disección del colgajo como en el cierre del defecto, hasta la actualidad ninguno de los procedimientos empleados ha demostrado paliar completamente estas secuelas. Presentamos nuestra experiencia con la utilización de un colgajo de rotación-avance en V-Y fasciocutáneo basado en los vasos perforantes de la arteria cubital para el tratamiento del defecto resultante de la transferencia libre del colgajo antebraquial radial. Hemos empleado este procedimiento en 7 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y los 86 años. Las dimensiones del colgajo radial en el eje longitudinal del antebrazo fueron desde los 4 a los 5,5 cm, con un eje transversal al pedículo vascular desde los 8 a los 10 cm. En todos los casos se conservó la motricidad de antebrazo- muñeca-mano-dedos sin registrarse adherencias a nivel tendinoso. No observamos alteraciones en la fuerza ni en la sensibilidad respecto al preoperatorio en el antebrazo intervenido. Las cicatrices fueron estéticamente aceptables. Concluimos que el colgajo fasciocutáneo de rotación-avance en V-Y basado en perforantes de la arteria cubital aporta numerosas ventajas frente a los injertos cutáneos u otros sustitutos dérmicos, además de ser más barato, con un período de cicatrización más rápido y con un resultado estético superior.

  12. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LECHE DE LA CONEJA CON ENFASIS EN LA SUPERVIVENCIA Y CRECIMIENTO DE LA CAMADA EN RAZAS NUEVA ZELANDA BLANCO Y CALIFORNIA

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    Benjamin Gómez-Ramos

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo fue integrar los conocimientos sobre factores genéticos y ambientales que inciden en la producción de leche (PL de la coneja y su efecto en la supervivencia y crecimiento de la camada. Las investigaciones sugieren que la PL se relaciona con el crecimiento y supervivencia del gazapo durante las primeras tres semanas de vida. En cuanto a los aspectos genéticos, se ha estimado que existen diferencias en PL entre razas puras y sus cruzas, además de que el índice de herencia (h2 para PL en Nueva Zelanda Blanco, California y sus cruzas reciprocas es de 0.12%, lo cual establece un mayor efecto ambiental sobre PL. Al parecer la PL alcanza su máxima producción (219.6 g con 12 gazapos/camada y su pico de producción se alcanza al tercer parto y disminuye a partir del quinto parto. Sin embargo, la PL es determinada por: la condición fisiológica de la coneja -lactante-gestante (130 g/día o lactante-no gestante (141 g/día-; el número de pezones, conejas con 10 pezones produjeron 10% más leche que aquellas con 8; la temperatura ambiente, por cada grado centígrado por arriba de 20°C la PL disminuye 7.7 g/día. Los principales factores que influyen sobre la PL de la coneja no son atribuibles a esta. Por lo tanto, es importante controlar la naturaleza aleatoria de la mayoría de los factores no-genéticos que afectan a PL.

  13. Transferencia de tejido graso autólogo: un procedimiento quirúrgico multifuncional

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    L. Cárdenas-Camarena

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available La infiltración de grasa autóloga se ha constituido como procedimiento indispensable en el arsenal de tratamientos del cirujano plástico, tanto en procedimientos estéticos como reconstructivos. Sin embargo no siempre fue así, ya que para llegar hasta lo logrado hoy en día ha habido que pasar por muchos años de investigación y por múltiples y variados estudios. A pesar de todo este avance sigue habiendo controversia en torno a múltiples factores que rodean al procedimiento quirúrgico. Se sigue investigando acerca de la mejor área corporal para obtener el material a injertar, la forma en cómo debe obtenerse la grasa, el proceso y manipulación de la misma antes de su inyección, la mejor técnica para infiltrarla y los planos de colocación. Sin embargo, y para beneplácito de todos los cirujanos que defienden este procedimiento desde hace décadas, la utilidad de la infiltración de grasa autóloga está ya mundialmente aceptada. Las controversias existentes al respecto son mínimas y solo giran en torno a lograr una mayor supervivencia de la grasa infiltrada. Se acepta que las mejores áreas donantes son el abdomen y la cara interna de los muslos, y que la grasa debe obtenerse con una presión de menos de una atmosfera. También, que el centrifugarla a 3,000 rpm durante no más de 3 minutos y colocarla en múltiples planos y pequeñas cantidades en cada pase de la cánula, asegura su mejor integración y supervivencia. Queda actualmente como principal reto el aprovechar al máximo las ventajas innatas del hecho de estar transfiriendo células madre pluripotenciales en el mismo proceso de infiltración de la grasa autóloga.

  14. Conducta alimenticia, supervivencia y crecimiento de juveniles silvestres de Graus nigra Philippi, 1887 en cautiverio (Perciformes: Kyphosidae Feeding behavior, survival, and growth of wild Graus nigra Philippi, 1887 juveniles in captivity (Perciformes: Kyphosidae

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    Héctor Flores

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Se colectaron juveniles silvestres de Graus nigra, que fueron aclimatados durante 30 días en estanques con flujo de agua abierto y a temperatura ambiente, siendo alimentados con alimento formulado. Los peces fueron separados en seis grupos que se mantuvieron en experimentación por 196 días. La supervivencia promedio fue de 80%. El crecimiento en longitud total mostró un incremento promedio del 93,3% para los juveniles grandes (grupos 4, 5 y 6 y 125% para los pequeños (grupos 1, 2 y 3. El crecimiento en peso total mostró un incremento promedio de 434% para los peces grandes (grupos 4, 5 y 6 y de 707% para los pequeños (grupos 1, 2 y 3. Se concluyó que G. nigra toleró el cautiverio y el manejo, con una supervivencia relativamente alta, lo que hace de ella una especie atractiva para la acuicultura chilena.Wild juveniles of Graus nigra were collected and acclimated for 30 days in ponds with open-water flow and ambient temperature; the specimens were given a formulated feed. Fish individuals were separated into six groups that were studied for 196 days. The average survival was 80%. The total length increased an average of 93.3% for large individuals (groups 4, 5, 6 and 125% for small ones (groups 1, 2, 3. The total weight showed an average increase of 434% for large fishes (groups 4, 5, 6 and 707% for small ones (groups 1, 2, 3. Graus nigra was found to tolerate captivity and handling, with a relatively high survival rate, making it an attractive species for aquaculture in Chile.

  15. Colecta de Jatropha curcas y su comportamiento en fase de vivero y de establecimiento (Nota técnica Collection of Jatropha curcas and its performance in nursery and establishment stages (Technical note

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    R Machado

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue colectar material de J. curcas con características morfológicas adecuadas para la producción de semilla, así como determinar su comportamiento en la fase de vivero y la de establecimiento. En el vivero se observó variación en los días necesarios para el arraigamiento de los propágulos (14 a 35 días y en la emergencia de las plántulas (7 a 28 días. La supervivencia de los propágulos fluctuó entre 73 y 100%; mientras que a partir de semilla estuvo entre 26,6 y 85,0%. La supervivencia en la fase de campo varió entre 45,4 y 93,3% en las procedencias trasladadas por propágulos, pero en la mayoría resultó inferior a la que se detectó en el vivero. En las procedencias sembradas directamente también se detectó variación en la supervivencia, pero el número de plantas emergidas a los 56 días fue alto. En estas condiciones se mantuvo un patrón de variación similar en el porcentaje de plantas arraigadas y de supervivencia, pero fue evidente el efecto del estrés causado por el traslado. Se concluye que la edad de las plantas y de las partes elegidas en el material donante, así como la calidad de la semilla, pudieron influir en la variación de los días necesarios para el arraigamiento o la emergencia y en el porcentaje de supervivencia. Se recomienda utilizar el procedimiento descrito para la colecta de J. curcas, enfatizando en la vía vegetativa, con el fin de acceder a procedencias con características adecuadas para la producción de semilla y con ello mantener el genotipo de los materiales colectados.The objective of this work was to collect J. curcas material with adequate morphological characteristics for seed production, as well as to determine its performance in the nursery and establishment stages. In nursery variation was observed in the necessary days for the rooting of the propagules (14 to 35 days and in seedling emergence (7 to 28 days. The propagule survival fluctuated between 73 and

  16. Determinantes de la supervivencia de microempresas en Bogotá: un análisis con modelos de duración

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    Leonardo Santana

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es estimar la tasa de supervivencia de microempresas en Bogotá e identificar sus principales determinantes financieros. Para ello, se usa información del estado de la microempresa en el momento de su creación, a partir de los estados financieros de este tipo de empresas suministrados por la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá (ccb. Dentro de esta información se incluyen la fecha de creación y de cierre de la empresa, o si esta se encuentra aún activa, así como el sector económico al que pertenece, el número de empleados y sus estados financieros iniciales. El trabajo calcula las principales razones financieras de rentabilidad, endeudamiento y liquidez, para realizar estimaciones con la ayuda de modelos de duración, con el fin de analizar el impacto que cada una de estas variables tiene en la vida de la empresa. Durante el ejercicio, se encontró que a mayor duración del negocio, mayor es su probabilidad de cierre. Además, dentro de los determinantes de duración están el número de empleados, su rentabilidad operativa inicial y su capacidad de generar ingresos para responder al servicio de la deuda.

  17. ALIMENTO VIVO EN LA LARVICULTURA DE PECES MARINOS: COPÉPODOS Y MESOCOSMOS

    OpenAIRE

    Martha Prieto; Fabio Castaño; Juan Sierra; Priscila Logato; Julián Botero

    2006-01-01

    El mesocosmos representa una excelente alternativa para incrementar la calidad y supervivencia de las larvas, dado que proporciona a estas, gran cantidad y variedad de presas pequeñas (nauplios) de excelente perfil bromatológico en cuanto al contenido de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados y aminoácidos se refiere. Los copépodos cultivados en conjunto con diferentes especies de microalgas, rotíferos y otros microorganismos en sistemas de mesocosmos, son importantes porque ellos son una de la fuente...

  18. Editor de la revista: entre el sueño y la supervivencia

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    Targino, María das Graças

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Analiza el papel del editor científico, relaciona las habilidades necesarias para aquellos que anhelan ser editor y reanuda las funciones que él realiza en una revista científica. Revisa los conceptos clave, como editor y editora, edición y proceso editorial. Recuerda la tipología de las editoras, y, sobre todo, muestra que el editor vive la paradoja de responder a las cuestiones culturales del país en que vive (el sueño y asegurar las ganancias por los libros que publica (la supervivencia. Describe el mercado editorial brasileño de las publicaciones científicas, en referencia a los títulos impresos y electrónicos. Destaca la mediación entre el autor y el editor y los dilemas inherentes a la función de generar la producción intelectual (de cualquier naturaleza; la mercantilización creciente de la producción intelectual y científica como producto comercial; la multiplicidad de funciones que la cotidianidad impone al editor; la cuestión cantidad versus calidad de los originales enviados a las revistas científicas. Por último, destaca la importancia del editor de revistas científicas, que garantiza la seguridad, la calidad y el reconocimiento de los títulos publicados y, por lo tanto, de la comunicación científica mediante el cuidado con la calidad de los trabajos científicos.Abstract in English: Analyzes the role of scientific editor, lists the skills needed for those yearning to be editor and resumes his functions in a scientific journal. Review the main concepts such as editor and publisher, editing and publishing process. Presents the types of publishers, and, above all, shows that the editor is living the paradox of responding to the cultural issues in the country where he lives (his dreams and of ensuring profits for the enterprises (her survival. Describe the Brazilian publishing market of scientific publications, referring to the print and electronic titles. Stresses the mediation between the author and the editor

  19. Donación y trasplante de órganos y tejidos

    OpenAIRE

    Caicedo Rusca, Luis Armando; Alex, Castro; Ordóñez, Vasco; Jurado, Fátima; Echeverry, Patricia; Fundación Valle de Lili

    2010-01-01

    Donación y trasplante de órganos y tejidos/¿Crees en la vida después de la vida?/Qué dice la ley colombiana/Tipos de donantes de órganos/el dónate de órganos una urgencia de vida o muerte/ Quién puede ser donante de órganos/ Trayectoria de los trasplantes en la Fundación Valle del Lili/Preguntas y respuestas/ ¿Cuáles son los órganos que más se requieren para trasplante?/¿Qué trasplantes se realizan en Colombia?/¿Cómo hacen para enterarse que una persona es donante de órganos si el paciente es...

  20. MEDICINA TRANSFUSIONAL EN EL SIGLO XXI

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    DAME MARCELA CONTRERAS A., PROFESSOR

    2015-11-01

    Un suministro de sangre seguro y suficiente depende del reclutamiento y retención de donantes voluntarios que tengan bajo riesgo de infección por agentes en la sangre y que se comprometan a donar sangre de manera regular. Las pruebas de tamizaje y la preparación de componentes actuales garantizan un alto grado de seguridad del receptor, pero no pueden detectar a todos los donantes infectados. Los enfoques modernos de pruebas pre-transfusionales en donantes y receptores, los efectos adversos de la transfusión y la hemovigilancia -así como los métodos para reducir el uso inapropiado de la sangre y las alternativas a la transfusión- son también tratados aquí.

  1. Efecto in vitro de una solución de Zingiber officinale Rosc. (jengibre sobre la respuesta de linfocitos humanos de donantes sanos y enfermos con inmunodeficiencia celular In vitro effect of a solution of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Ginger on the response of human lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with cellular immunodeficiency

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    Lázaro O. del Valle Pérez

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available El Zingiber officinale Rosc. (jengibre es una especie que se ha utilizado por el hombre con diversos fines. Se estudió el efecto in vitro de una solución acuosa del rizoma de esta planta sobre los linfocitos de 30 donantes voluntarios de sangre y de 30 enfermos con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia celular, mediante la prueba de transformación linfoblástica, con el empleo de timidina tritiada, la técnica de formación de roseta activa y el ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico (UMICIQ. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las condiciones experimentales sin jengibre y con jengibre, con diluciones de este desde 1:2 hasta 1:2048 en la prueba de transformación linfoblástica. En la roseta activa y en los marcadores de activación HLA-DR y CD25 no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los linfocitos sin jengibre y los cultivados con la dilución 1:128, tanto en los donantes sanos como los enfermos.The Zingiber officinale Rosc (ginger is a species used by man to different purposes. The in vitro effect of a aqueous solution from the rhizome of this plant on the lymphocytes of 30 volunteer blood donors and of 30 patients diagnosed with cellular immunodeficiency was studied by the lymphoblastic transformation test using tritiated thymidine, the technique of the rosette active formation and the immunocytochemical ultramicromethod (UMICIQ. There were not statistically significant differences among the experimental conditions with and without ginger with dilutions from 1:2 to 1:128 in the lymphoblastic transformation test. In the active rosette and in markers of the HLA-DR and CD25 activation there weren't statistically significant differences among lymphocytes without ginger and those cultured with a dilution 1:128 for healthy donors and for the patients.

  2. Reacciones adversas inmediatas a la donación: frecuencia y caracterización, Banco de Sangre de la Clínica Cardiovascular Santa María, Medellín, 1999

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    María I. Múnera

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Disponer de un flujo suficiente de donantes altruistas que permita la obtención de componentes sanguíneos de buena calidad es el problema más importante en los bancos de sangre en nuestro medio. La presencia de reacciones adversas a la donación puede influir en forma negativa en la disposición del donante para regresar al banco de sangre. Con el objetivo de establecer la frecuencia y explorar los factores de riesgo involucrados en la aparición de reacciones adversas a la donación, se realizó un estudio de corte, basado en los registros de donantes del Banco de Sangre de la Clínica Cardiovascular Santa María de Medellin durante 1999. La edad promedio de los donantes estudiados fue de 33 años en mujeres y 34 en hombres; se encontró una frecuencia de reacciones adversas de 2,7% y la predominante fue la reacción vasovagal con el 1,2%. Los posibles factores de riesgo relacionados con las reacciones adversas, en general, fueron donación por primera vez, edad menor de 25 años y sexo femenino.

  3. Efecto de diversos sustratos artificiales en el crecimiento y supervivencia de estadios tempranos de la langosta azul (Cherax quadricarinatus) cultivados en un sistema de recirculación - Effect of different artificial substrates on growth and survival of early stages of the blue lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus) reared in a recirculating system

    OpenAIRE

    García-Ulloa Gómez, Manuel; Pinzón López, Liliana Araceli

    2012-01-01

    ResumenSe evaluó la influencia de diferentes sustratos artificiales (tubo, malla, tubo + malla y grupo control, sin sustrato) sobre el crecimiento y la supervivencia de crías tempranas de Cherax quadricarinatus, cultivadas en un sistema derecirculación durante cuatro semanas.AbstractThe effect of different artificial substrates (tube or straw, mesh, mesh and tube or straw, and control or no substrate) on growth and survival of offspring early Cherax quadricarinatus raised in a recirculating s...

  4. Supervivencia prolongada en el síndrome de Casamassima-Morton- Nance. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

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    Nidia Huerta-Uribe

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available El síndrome de Casamassima-Morton-Nance es una entidad rara, de etiología desconocida y mal pronóstico, que pertenece al grupo heterogéneo de las disostosis espondilocostales. Este síndrome, además de defectos vertebrales y arcos costales, comprende atresia anal y anormalidades genitourinarias como criptorquidia, hidrocele, hidronefrosis, agenesia renal, cloaca y fístulas urinarias, entre otras. En este trabajo informamos el caso de una niña de seis años de edad, sin historia de consanguinidad y con cariotipo normal, que presenta alteraciones congénitas, costovertebrales, anales y urogenitales compatibles con el síndrome de Casamassima-Morton-Nance. En su evolución se agregaron retraso psicomotor grave, epilepsia y litiasis renal recidivante, hallazgos no reportados en los casos previos, posiblemente por el fallecimiento temprano. Se han propuesto como mecanismos causales la herencia autosómica recesiva, mutaciones de novo y al menos dos casos han presentado rearreglos cromosómicos. Este reporte propone la posibilidad de supervivencia hasta la etapa escolar a partir de un abordaje multidisciplinario temprano; aunque el síndrome puede condicionar retraso psicomotor importante. La etiología permanece desconocida y no se descarta que sea heterogénea, por lo que los casos son candidatos a hibridación genómica comparativa en microarreglos o a secuenciación exómica.

  5. Seroprevalencia de marcadores de infecciones transmisibles por vía transfusional en banco de sangre de Colombia

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    Jair Alberto Patiño Bedoya

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la seroprevalencia de marcadores de infecciones transmisibles por vía transfusional. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con fuente de información secundaria, basada en los resultados de pruebas biológicas en los donantes de un banco de sangre de Medellín, Colombia, de 2007 a 2010. Se determinó la seroprevalencia de los marcadores de infección y se compararon según sexo y tipo de donante a través de análisis de frecuencias, chi cuadrado, Fisher y razones de prevalencia. RESULTADOS: La población de base estuvo conformada por 65.535 donantes de los cuales, 3,3% presentaran al menos una prueba biológica positiva. El marcador más prevalente en las pruebas del banco de sangre fue sífilis (1,2%, seguido de tripanosomiasis (1,0%, virus de la hepatitis C (VHC (0,6%, virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH (0,5% y virus de la hepatitis B (VHB (0,2%. Con base en el laboratorio de referencia se halló una prevalencia de 0,6% para sífilis, 0,1% para VHB y 0% para VHC, VIH y Chagas. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticas en la prevalencia de VHB y sífilis según sexo y tipo de donante. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados son coherentes con las prevalencias dadas por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS y se pueden correlacionar con la prevalencia mundial de las infecciones transmisibles por via transfusional. Los resultados hallados en las pruebas del banco de sangre posibilitan la disminución del riesgo transfusional pero limitan la optimización de recursos al excluir donantes clasificados como falsos positivos.

  6. MECANISMOS EFECTORES DE LAS CÉLULAS FAGOCÍTICAS ESTIMULADAS IN VITRO CON S. PYOGENES VIVO E INACTIVADO POR CALOR

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    Agustín C. Möhlinger

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Los estreptococos del Grupo A son patógenos frecuentes en los seres humanos, responsables de diversas infecciones. Diferentes estudios han demostrado mecanismos involucrados en las defensas del huésped frente a la infección por S. pyogenes. S. pyogenes desencadena una respuesta inmune importante con la consiguiente participación de diversos tipos celulares, como polimorfonucleares neutrófilos, macrófagos y células dendríticas, así como las subpoblaciones TH1 y Th2. El objeto del presente estudio fue examinar la respuesta de Polimorfonucleares (PMNs y Mononucleares (MNs de sujetos normales frente al S. pyogenes vivo (Spv e inactivado(Spi. Métodos: Se separaron los PMNs y MNs de sangre periférica de 48 sujetos donantes sanos. Se incubaron en tubos separados las suspensiones de PMN y MNs en en medio RPMI 1640 con 5l de las suspensiones de S. pyogenes vivo (Spyv e inactivado (Spyi . En el sobrenadante de cultivo de MN y PMN, se evaluaron nitritos (Método de Griess y TNFα [ELISA ;R& D Systems]. En dichas células se determinó el Estallido Respiratorio (ER por Citometría de Flujo. Resultados: Estallido Respiratorio. R(X± E.E.: PMNs est. c/Spv: 2,50±0,478; PMNs est. c/Spi: 1,921±0,275; PMNs Basal: 1,282±0,105. P=0,0483. MNs est. c/Spv: 2,56±0,51; MNs est. c/Spi: 1,92±0,27; MNs Basal: 1,21±0,10. Spv vs Spi P>0,05 ns; Spv vs basal P0,05ns. Niveles Nitritos(x± E.E. MNs est c/ Spv, Spi y Basal: 40,75±5,94; 57,85±8,79; 13,28±1,13. MNs Basal vs MNs Spv P0,05 NS. Niveles de TNFα(x± E.E.: PMNs est c/ Spv, Spi y Basal: 223,54±21,49; 202,78±37,37; 100,82±3,23. PMNs Spv vs Spi P>0,05ns; PMNs Spv vs Basal P0,05 NS; Spv vs Basal P<0,01; Spi vs Basal P<0,05. Conclusiones: Se determinó que el S. pyogenes tanto vivo como inactivado tiene capacidad para estimular a las células fagocíticas, activando su capacidad oxidativa através del Estallido Respiratorio, la producción de nitritos y la de TNF alfa en sobrenadante de

  7. Aplasia pura de serie roja post-trasplante alogeneico de células progenitoras hematopoyeticas ABO incompatible

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    E. Bulliorsky

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available El trasplante alogeneico de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH con incompatibilidad ABO entre el donante y el receptor puede en ocasiones asociarse a trastornos en la progenie eritroide desarrollada a partir de la médula ósea trasplantada, caracterizado por un funcionamiento tardío, inadecuado e incompleto de la misma. En este contexto, la aplasia pura de serie roja es la complicación más severa. Se han intentado tratamientos para la aplasia pura de serie roja post-TCPH con eritropoyetina o plasmaféresis, con relativo éxito. Algunos autores han informado también la utilización de globulina antilinfocitaria, asumiendo que dicha aplasia selectiva de la serie roja en la médula ósea trasplantada es mediada por un mecanismo inmune. En este trabajo se describe un paciente portador de una leucemia aguda en quien se realizó un TCPH alogeneico (ABO incompatible con su donante. Teniendo niveles bajos de aglutininas contra el grupo sanguíneo de la donante, desarrolló una aplasia pura de serie roja post - TCPH. La misma no mejoró con tratamiento con eritropoyetina o con un refuerzo de progenitores hematopoyéticos de sangre periférica de la misma donante (boost, resolviéndose totalmente luego de un tratamiento exitoso con globulina antilinfocitaria de origen equino.

  8. Desigualdades educacionales en mortalidad y supervivencia de mujeres y hombres de las Américas, 1990-2010

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    Mariana Haeberer

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analizar la magnitud y tendencias de las desigualdades educacionales en mortalidad y supervivencia de mujeres y hombres entre países de las Américas. MÉTODOS: Se calcularon métricas de brecha y gradiente de desigualdad en mortalidad adulta, edad promedio de muerte, esperanza de vida y esperanza de vida saludable, según nivel educativo entre países en hombres y mujeres para 1990 y 2010. RESULTADOS: Entre 1990-2010 el promedio de años de escolaridad aumentó de 8 a 10 sin diferencia entre sexos. La tasa de mortalidad adulta (15-59 años no cambió: 1,9 por 1 000 mujeres y 3,7 por 1 000 hombres. El índice de desigualdad de la pendiente aumentó de -1,0 a -2,0 por 1 000 mujeres y de -1,2 a -4,4 por 1 000 hombres. La esperanza de vida aumentó de 75,6 a 78,7 años en mujeres y de 68,9 a 72,4 en hombres; la desigualdad absoluta disminuyó de 7,8 a 7,2 años en mujeres y aumentó de 7,2 a 9,2 años en hombres. La esperanza de vida saludable aumentó de 63,7 a 65,9 años en mujeres y de 59,5 a 62,5 años en hombres; el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente se redujo de 6,9 a 5,8 años en mujeres y aumentó de 6,9 a 7,8 años en hombres. CONCLUSIONES: Entre países de las Américas, los hombres tienen mayor riesgo de morir, mueren más tempranamente y viven menos años libres de enfermedad y discapacidad que las mujeres; el nivel educativo es un determinante de la mortalidad y la sobrevida en ambos sexos y las desigualdades educacionales son más pronunciadas y ascendentes entre hombres y desproporcionadamente concentradas en las poblaciones socialmente más desaventajadas.

  9. Mecanismos efectores de las células fagocíticas estimuladas in vitro con S. Pyogenes vivo e inactivado por calor

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    Agustín C. Möhlinger

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Los estreptococos del Grupo A son patógenos frecuentes en los seres humanos, responsables de diversas infecciones. Diferentes estudios  han demostrado mecanismos involucrados en las defensas del huésped frente a la infección por S. pyogenes. S. pyogenes desencadena una respuesta inmune importante con la consiguiente participación de diversos tipos celulares, como polimorfonucleares neutrófilos, macrófagos y células dendríticas, así como las subpoblaciones TH1 y Th2. El presente estudio pretende describir la respuesta de Polimorfonucleares (PMNs y Mononucleares (MNs de sujetos normales frente al S. pyogenes vivo (Spv e inactivado (Spi. Materiales y Métodos: Se separaron los PMNs y MNs de sangre periférica de 48 sujetos donantes sanos. Se incubaron en tubos separados las suspensiones de PMN y MNs en medio RPMI 1640 con 5l las suspensiones de S. pyogenes vivo (Spyv e inactivado (Spyi. Se evaluaron nitritos por el Método de Griess y TNFα por ELISA ( R& D Systems. En PMNs y MNs se determinó el Estallido Respiratorio (ER por Citometría de Flujo. Resultados: Estallido Respiratorio. R(x± E.E.: PMNs est. c/Spv: 2,50±0,478; PMNs est. c/Spi: 1,921±0,275; PMNs Basal: 1,282±0,105. P=0,0483. MNs est. c/Spv: 2,56±0,51; MNs est. c/Spi: 1,92±0,27; MNs Basal: 1,21±0,10. Spv vs Spi P>0,05 ns; Spv vs basal P0,05ns. Niveles Nitritos(x± E.E. MNs est c/ Spv, Spi y Basal: 40,75±5,94; 57,85±8,79; 13,28±1,13. MNs Basal vs MNs Spv P0,05 NS. Niveles de TNFα(x± E.E.: PMNs est c/ Spv, Spi y Basal: 223,54±21,49; 202,78±37,37; 100,82±3,23. PMNs Spv vs Spi P>0,05ns; PMNs Spv vs Basal P0,05 NS; Spv vs Basal P<0,01; Spi vs Basal P<0,05. Discusión: Se determinó que el S. pyogenes tanto vivo como inactivado tiene capacidad para estimular a las células fagocíticas, activando su capacidad oxidativa através del Estallido Respiratorio, la producción de nitritos y la de TNF alfa en sobrenadante de cultivo Celular incrementado su

  10. Efecto del extracto de puerro (Allium porrum L. sobre la supervivencia de esclerocios de Sclerotium cepivorum Effect of leek extract (Allium porrum L. on the survival of sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum

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    E. Argüello

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available La utilización de estimulantes de la germinación de los esclerocios de Sclerotium cepivorum, colocados antes de la implantación del cultivo, son una alternativa de manejo de la enfermedad. Se evaluó el efecto de un extracto de puerro (Allium porrum L. sobre la supervivencia de los esclerocios del patógeno. Extracto de puerro fue colocado en cajas de Petri con 50 esclerocios, mezclados con 10 g de suelo, a las concentraciones 50, 75 y 100% (extracto en agua. Se determinó la eficiencia sobre la germinación de los esclerocios y la viabilidad de los recuperados, no germinados, ambos a los 30 y 60 días. El extracto de puerro disminuyó el porcentaje de esclerocios recuperados. Con extracto al 100% y 75% germinaron un 32-38,5% y 31,5-35,5%, respectivamente, de los esclerocios en los dos tiempos evaluados, y valores menores se encontraron con extracto al 50%. La viabilidad de los esclerocios recuperados disminuyó entre 66,5 y 54,5%, para el extracto al 100%, y entre 68,5% y 51,5% para el extracto al 75%, a los 30 y 60 días, respectivamente. La supervivencia de los esclerocios disminuyó por la estimulación de la germinación y por la pérdida de viabilidad luego de aplicados los extractos.The use of sclerotial germination stimulants of Sclerotium cepivorum prior to crop planting is an alternative for the management of the disease. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of leek extract (Allium porrum L. on the survival of sclerotia of S. cepivorum. Aqueous leek extract at concentrations of 50, 75 and 100% were placed in Petri dishes containing 50 sclerotia mixed with 10 g soil. Both the efficacy of the extract on sclerotia germination and the viability of recovered ungerminated sclerotia were determined after 30 and 60 days. Leek extract reduced the percentage of recovered sclerotia in all cases. Percentages of germinated sclerotia ranged from 32 to 38.5% and from 31.5% to 35.5% at 100% and 75% extract concentration respectively, at

  11. The donor-receptor relation in international cooperation management in Medellín Relaciones donante -receptor en la gestión de la cooperación internacional en Medellín

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    Sergio Castrillón Orrego

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Foreign Aid plays an increasingly important role in the political and economic dynamics of Latin America. This article analyses the findings regarding the relationships between donors and partners in the management of international cooperation in the city of Medellin, for the period comprehended between 2003 and 2008. The detailed content analysis of the interviews conducted with a representative sample of key players of international cooperation in the city, has enabled us to identify the key moments that characterize and dynamize those relationships as. basically we found that successful management of Foreign Aid must consider the following key moments: identification of partners and sources of international cooperation; building trust and credibility; forming partnerships; developing plans and bargaining and finally relationships with partners and community.La Cooperación Internacional juega un papel cada vez más importante en las dinámicaspolíticas y económicas de América Latina. El presente artículo muestra los hallazgossobre las relaciones donante-receptor, en la gestión de la cooperación internacional enla ciudad de Medellín, respecto al periodo comprendido entre los años 2003 y 2008.A partir de un estudio minucioso de los contenidos de las entrevistas realizadas a losactores significativos de la cooperación internacional en la ciudad, se identifican losprincipales momentos que caracterizan y dinamizan dichas relaciones. Fundamentalmenteencontramos que una buena gestión de la cooperación internacional debe considerarlos siguientes momentos: la identificación de los socios y de las fuentes de cooperacióninternacional; la generación de confianza y credibilidad; la conformación de alianzas; laelaboración de planes y negociación y, finalmente, la relación ejecutor comunidad.

  12. Aspectos ético legales del trasplante de corazón Ethical and legal aspects of heart transplant

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    Fernán del C Mendoza

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available El trasplante cardiaco constituye el tratamiento de elección para los pacientes en falla cardiaca refractaria. Desde el punto de vista médico, existen claras indicaciones para realizar el trasplante, pero a nivel local y mundial hay problemas por el escaso número de donantes. Para que se realice un trasplante de corazón, el donante debe reunir criterios de muerte encefálica, la cual se diagnostica por ausencia irreversible de las funciones del tallo encefálico, determinadas por un examen clínico. A pesar de las controversias que existen acerca de cuándo muere una persona, cada vez hay más claridad en este hecho. Existen otros problemas bioéticos que se relacionan con el trasplante como la donación (algunas personas en vida manifiestan su voluntad y autonomía de servir como donantes y otras no, la distribución de órganos y el comercio de órganos y tejidos. Desde el punto de vista legal y ético, se prohíbe la gratificación o pago al donante vivo, a la familia del donante fallecido, al banco de tejidos o de médula ósea, a las clínicas y hospitales, y a las aseguradoras por la donación o suministro de órganos o tejidos humanos. La promoción de la donación y la obtención de componentes anatómicos deberán efectuarse denotando su carácter voluntario, altruista y desinteresado. Debe primar el principio de justicia y excluirse cualquier consideración no equitativa de índole geográfica, racial, sexual, religiosa, etc. Los órganos deben distribuirse con base en criterios médicos; así mismo debe buscarse la más idónea utilización del órgano donado, teniendo como fundamento el manejo equitativo y como principio el respeto por la vida y la dignidad humana.Cardiac transplant is the treatment of choice for patients with refractory cardiac failure. There are clear indications from the medical point of view to perform the transplant, but locally and world - wide there are problems due to the scarce number of donors. In order

  13. Lessons learned from vivo-morpholinos: How to avoid vivo-morpholino toxicity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferguson, David P.; Dangott, Lawrence J.; Lightfoot, J. Timothy

    2014-01-01

    Vivo-morpholinos are a promising tool for gene silencing. These oligonucleotide analogs transiently silence genes by blocking either translation or pre-mRNA splicing. Little to no toxicity has been reported for vivo-morpholino treatment. However, in a recent study conducted in our lab, treatment of mice with vivo-morpholinos resulted in high mortality rates. We hypothesized that the deaths were the result of oligonucleotide hybridization, causing an increased cationic charge associated with the dendrimer delivery moiety of the vivo-morpholino. The cationic charge increased blood clot formation in whole blood treated with vivo-morpholinos, suggesting that clotting could have caused cardiac arrest in the deceased mice. Therefore, we investigate the mechanism by which some vivo-morpholinos increase mortality rates and propose techniques to alleviate vivo-morpholino toxicity. PMID:24806225

  14. A PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO COMO FERRAMENTA PARA MUDANÇA DO SABER E FAZER NA ENFERMAGEM BRASILEIRA

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    MARIA SALETE BESSA JORGE

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el perfil de las familias que pasan por el proceso de decisión de donación de los órganos de un hijo. La recolección de datos se hizo a través de las fichas médicas de la OPO (organización de búsqueda de órganos y se analizaron estadísticamente usando el Test de Qui-cuadrado. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: predominio de no donantes (un 65%, mayor frecuencia de óbitos por causas violentas (un 62%, predominio de adolescentes (un 52%, tiempo promedio de internación, entre los donantes 7 días y 4 días entre los no donantes, y mayor frecuencia en el sondeo conjunto de los padres (un 25% durante la entrevista realizada por la OPO. La limitación de este estudio fue causada por la ausencia de datos en las fichas médicas referentes a la religión, renta familiar, escolaridad y ocupación de los padres.

  15. Processo de doação de órgãos: percepção de familiares de doadores cadáveres Proceso de donación de órganos: percepción de familiares de donantes cadáveres Organ donation process: perception by relatives of cadaverous donors

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    Marcelo José dos Santos

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo desvelar a percepção de familiares de doadores cadáveres sobre o processo de doação de órgãos para transplante. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, na vertente fenomenológica, segundo a modalidade "estrutura do fenômeno situado". As proposições que emergiram revelaram que, para os familiares de doadores cadáveres de órgãos, o processo de doação inicia-se com a internação do paciente e termina somente com o sepultamento do mesmo, sendo considerado burocrático, demorado, desgastante e cansativo. A situação vivenciada é sofrida e estressante, mas não há arrependimento quanto à doação dos órgãos, pois, embora a dor da perda não termine, a atitude da doação conforta e traz satisfação.La finalidad de este estudio fue desvelar la percepción de familiares de donantes cadáveres sobre el proceso de donación de órganos para trasplante. Fue realizada una investigación cualitativa del tipo fenomenológico, según la modalidad de "estructura del fenómeno situado". Las proposiciones que emergieron revelaron que, para los familiares de donantes cadáveres de órganos, el proceso de donación se inicia con la internación del paciente y termina solamente con el sepelio del mismo, siendo considerado burocrático, tardado, desgastante y agotador. La situación vivenciada es sufrida y estresante, pero no hay arrepentimiento respecto a la donación de los órganos pues, aunque el dolor de la pérdida no termine, la actitud de la donación conforta y trae satisfacción.This study aimed to disclose how relatives of cadaverous donors perceive the organ donation process for transplantation. A phenomenological, qualitative research was carried out on the basis of the "situated-phenomenon structure". The statements revealed that, for the relatives of the donors, the process of donation begins with the patients' hospital admission and only ends when they are buried. Furthermore, it is considered

  16. Timomas y miastenia gravis: Supervivencia y factores pronósticos, catorce años de experiencia

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    Carlos A Martínez Blanco

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available Se reporta un estudio de cohorte analítico para evaluar factores pronósticos en 34 pacientes con timoma y miastenia gravis, a los cuales se les realizó timectomía, entre enero de 1984 y diciembre de 1998, 22 femeninos y 12 masculinos, con un promedio de edad de 49,7 años. De acuerdo con la clasificación clínica de Masaoka, 14 pertenecieron al estadio I, 2 al II, 12 al III y 6 al IV. Histológicamente 17 fueron mixtos, 9 corticales, 5 medulares y 3 carcinomas tímicos bien diferenciados. Según la clasificación de Osserman 5 enfermos se encontraban en el grupo IIa, 23 en el IIb y 6 en el IV. La vía de acceso fue la esternotomía media. Los pacientes con tumores invasivos recibieron radioterapia y poliquimioterapia adyuvante. El índice de remisión de los síntomas miasténicos al año fue de 53,1%. Hubo 3 fallecidos en el período posoperatorio y 7 tardíamente. El timoma cortical y, en general, los tumores invasivos fueron los de peores resultados. Los factores que más se relacionaron con el pronóstico por su influencia sobre el intervalo libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia a largo plazo, fueron el estadio clínico del tumor, el tipo hístico y el tipo de miasteniaThis paper presents an analytical cohort study to evaluate prognostic factors in 34 patients with thymona and myasthemia gravis whom thymectomy from January 1984 to December 1998. Twenty two were females and 12 males aged 49,7 years of age as average. According to Masaoka´s clinical classification, 14 patients were at stage I; two at stage II, 12 at stage III and 6 at stage IV. From the histological viewpoint, 17 were mixed thymona, 9 cortical thymonas, 5 medullar thymonas and 3 well-differentiated thymic carcinomas. According to Osswerman´s classification, 5 patients were included in group IIa, 23 in group IIb and 6 in group IV. The access pathway was median sternotomy. Remission index of myasthemic symptoms after a year was 53.1%. there were 3 deaths in the

  17. Estudio de factores socioculturales relacionados con la donación voluntaria de sangre en las Américas

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    García Gutiérrez Marcela

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Obtener información de base sobre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionados con la donación voluntaria de sangre, así como la capacidad instalada de los bancos de sangre para la atención de donantes. MÉTODOS: El estudio se realizó en 15 países de la Región: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana y Venezuela, con la cooperación técnica de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, oficina regional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se utilizó una metodología formativa cualitativa mediante entrevistas a donantes, público en general y personal de salud, así como observación directa, grupos focales, pruebas de conocimientos y revisión documental. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron el conocimiento de las personas sobre la donación, sus creencias, percepciones y actitudes, sus barreras y motivaciones, al igual que los medios más eficaces para transmitir el mensaje a favor de la donación voluntaria. CONCLUSIONES: Esta información servirá como base para diseñar una estrategia en los países encaminada a promover la captación y lealtad de los donantes voluntarios de sangre. Esta estrategia podrá ser el sustento para llevar a la práctica los cambios necesarios en la atención y motivar a los donantes a regresar con regularidad a donar sangre.

  18. Reproducción asistida y filiación. Tres casos

    OpenAIRE

    Bernal Crespo, Julia Sandra

    2013-01-01

    Este artículo analiza uno de los principales problemas jurídicos que plantean las técnicas de reproducción asistida: determinar la filiación del nacido y la forma en que nuestros jueces de la República han resuelto este conflicto en los casos específicos de alquiler de vientre, inseminación asistida con donante, e inseminación post-mortem, teniendo en cuenta que, a diferencia de la filiación biológica, el consentimiento de los donantes de gametos y de los receptores es un elemento necesario p...

  19. REPRODUCCIÓN ASISTIDA Y FILIACIÓN. TRES CASOS

    OpenAIRE

    Julia Sandra Bernal Crespo

    2013-01-01

    Este artículo analiza uno de los principales problemas jurídicos que plantean las técnicas de reproducción asistida: determinar la filiación del nacido y la forma en que nuestros jueces de la República han resuelto este conflicto en los casos específicos de alquiler de vientre, inseminación asistida con donante, e inseminación post-mortem, teniendo en cuenta que, a diferencia de la filiación biológica, el consentimiento de los donantes de gametos y de los receptores es un elemento necesario p...

  20. REPRODUCCIÓN ASISTIDA Y FILIACIÓN. TRES CASOS

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    Julia Sandra Bernal Crespo

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza uno de los principales problemas jurídicos que plantean las técnicas de reproducción asistida: determinar la filiación del nacido y la forma en que nuestros jueces de la República han resuelto este conflicto en los casos específicos de alquiler de vientre, inseminación asistida con donante, e inseminación post-mortem, teniendo en cuenta que, a diferencia de la filiación biológica, el consentimiento de los donantes de gametos y de los receptores es un elemento necesario para determinar la paternidad.

  1. Comparison of in vivo and ex vivo imaging of the microvasculature with 2-photon fluorescence microscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steinman, Joe; Koletar, Margaret; Stefanovic, Bojana; Sled, John G.

    2016-03-01

    This study evaluates 2-Photon fluorescence microscopy of in vivo and ex vivo cleared samples for visualizing cortical vasculature. Four mice brains were imaged with in vivo 2PFM. Mice were then perfused with a FITC gel and cleared in fructose. The same regions imaged in vivo were imaged ex vivo. Vessels were segmented automatically in both images using an in-house developed algorithm that accounts for the anisotropic and spatially varying PSF ex vivo. Through non-linear warping, the ex vivo image and tracing were aligned to the in vivo image. The corresponding vessels were identified through a local search algorithm. This enabled comparison of identical vessels in vivo/ex vivo. A similar process was conducted on the in vivo tracing to determine the percentage of vessels perfused. Of all the vessels identified over the four brains in vivo, 98% were present ex vivo. There was a trend towards reduced vessel diameter ex vivo by 12.7%, and the shrinkage varied between specimens (0% to 26%). Large diameter surface vessels, through a process termed 'shadowing', attenuated in vivo signal from deeper cortical vessels by 40% at 300 μm below the cortical surface, which does not occur ex vivo. In summary, though there is a mean diameter shrinkage ex vivo, ex vivo imaging has a reduced shadowing artifact. Additionally, since imaging depths are only limited by the working distance of the microscope objective, ex vivo imaging is more suitable for imaging large portions of the brain.

  2. Crecimiento y supervivencia de plántulas de cinco especies de Acacia (Fabaceae, que coexisten en bosques secos neotropicales de Argentina, en distintas condiciones de disponibilidad de luz y agua Seedlings growth and survival of five Acacia (Fabaceae species that coexists in neotropical semiarid forests of Argentina, under different light and water availability conditions

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    Paula Venier

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El establecimiento de la plántula es una de las etapas más riesgosas para las plantas, especialmente en zonas áridas y semiáridas donde la sequía y alta radiación solar influyen sobre su emergencia, desarrollo y supervivencia. Se evaluó en invernadero la supervivencia y variables de crecimiento en plántulas sometidas a estrés hídrico y a distintas condiciones de luz, en cinco especies de Acacia (A. aroma, A. caven, A. atramentaria, A. gilliesii y A. praecox que coexisten en los bosques xerófilos de Córdoba, Argentina. Aunque se encontraron diferencias entre las especies (F=5.66, p=0.001, todas tuvieron altos porcentajes de supervivencia en las distintas condiciones de luz y agua, sugiriendo que serían tolerantes al estrés hídrico y podrían establecerse bajo luz o sombra. Si bien todas las especies mejoraron el crecimiento con luz y sin estrés hídrico, A. aroma, A. caven y A. atramentaria mostraron una tendencia hacia un mayor crecimiento en la mayoría de las variables consideradas (F=41.9, pSeedling establishment is one of the most risky stages of plants, especially in arid and semiarid regions, where low water availability and high solar radiation influence its emergence, development and survival. In seasonally dry xerophytic forests occurring in North-Western Córdoba, central Argentina, five neotropical species of Acacia co-exist: A. aroma, A. caven, A. atramentaria, A. gilliesii and A. praecox. With the aim to evaluate growth variables and survival of these five species seedlings, in response to water stress and different light availability conditions, a greenhouse experiment was undertaken from March to June of 2010. Although small differences were found between species (F=5.66, p=0.001, all of them showed high percentages of seedling survival in response to different light and water treatments, suggesting that seedlings would be tolerant to water stress and could be established both in light and shade. On the other hand

  3. Inmunofenotipaje y supervivencia global de pacientes pediátricos con leucemias agudas Immunophenotyping and global survival of pediatric patients with acute leukemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vianed Marsán Suárez

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available El inmunofenotipaje celular (IFC permite identificar la línea específica de origen de las células leucémicas y su nivel de maduración. Se determinó la frecuencia de los distintos subtipos inmunológicos de leucemias agudas (LA y su posible relación con la supervivencia global de los pacientes. Se estudiaron 117 niños con LA entre 1983 y 1999. El IFC se realizó mediante el ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico y el de fosfatasa alcalina-antifosfatasa alcalina. Del total de LA, 77(65,8 % fueron linfoides agudas (LLA, 26 (22,2 % mieloides agudas, 9 (8 % LA indiferenciadas y 5 (4 % se clasificaron como LA híbridas. Del total de LLA, 59 (76,6 % fueron de fenotipo B y 18 (23,4 % de fenotipo T. Se observó una mayor sobrevida en los pacientes de linaje B en relación con los de linaje T y mieloide, con una diferencia muy significativa (p Cell immunophenotyping (CIP identifies the specific line of origin of leukemic cells and their maturing level. The frequency of the various immunological subtypes of acute leukemias (AL and their possible relationship with global survival rate of patients were determined. One hundred and seventeen children with AL were studied from 1983 to 1999. The CIP was conducted through the immunocytochemical ultramicromethod and the alkaline phosphatase - anti-alkaline phosphatase method. Seventy seven (65,8% of all AL were acute lymphoid leukemias (ALL, 26(22,2% acute myeloid (AML, 9 (8% undifferentiated AL, and 5 (4% were hybrid AL. Fifty-nine (76,6% ALL belonged to phenotype B and 18 (23,4% to phenotype T. A higher survival rate was observed in phenotype B ALL patients than in phenotype T ALL and myeloid anemia patients, with a very significant difference (p< 0,001. Survival was also analyzed among the various types of phenotype B acute leukemias; a lower survival rate was observed in patients with more immature phenotypes

  4. Diseño de una Propuesta Comunicativa para la Fundación ALTRÓPICO

    OpenAIRE

    Yacovazzo Borja, Roberto Andrés

    2012-01-01

    La comunicación es la más básica y vital necesidad de los seres humanos, después de la supervivencia. Se sabe que la comunicación es condición sine qua non de la existencia humana. Así mismo, la organización es un ser vivo, tiene un cuerpo, una historia, evoluciona y cambia, vive en un entorno determinado con el cual se relaciona, siendo así modificada por la acción del entorno. En la actualidad la información que fluye en las organizaciones es tan vital como la sangre en el cuerpo humano....

  5. Evaluation of the in vivo and ex vivo optical properties in a mouse ear model

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Salomatina, E; Yaroslavsky, A N [Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114 (United States)], E-mail: Yaroslav@helix.mgh.harvard.edu

    2008-06-07

    Determination of in vivo optical properties is a challenging problem. Absorption and scattering measured ex vivo are often used for in vivo applications. To investigate the validity of this approach, we have obtained and compared the optical properties of mouse ears in vivo and ex vivo in the spectral range from 370 to 1650 nm. Integrating sphere spectrophotometry in combination with the inverse Monte Carlo technique was employed to determine absorption coefficients, {mu}{sub a}, scattering coefficients, {mu}{sub s}, and anisotropy factors, g. Two groups of mice were used for the study. The first group was measured in vivo and ex vivo within 5-10 min post mortem. The second group was measured in vivo and ex vivo every 24 h for up to 72 h after sacrifice. Between the measurements the tissues were kept at 4 deg. C wrapped in a gauze moistened with saline solution. Then the specimens were frozen at -25 deg. C for 40 min, thawed and measured again. The results indicate that the absorption coefficients determined in vivo and ex vivo within 5-10 min post mortem differed considerably only in the spectral range dominated by hemoglobin. These changes can be attributed to rapid deoxygenation of tissue and blood post mortem. Absorption coefficients determined ex vivo up to 72 h post mortem decreased gradually with time in the spectral regions dominated by hemoglobin and water, which can be explained by the continuing loss of blood. Absorption properties of the frozen-thawed ex vivo tissues showed increase in oxygenation, which is likely caused by the release of hemoglobin from hemolyzed erythrocytes. Scattering of the ex vivo tissues decreased gradually with time in the entire spectral range due to the continuing loss of blood and partial cell damage. Anisotropy factors did not change considerably.

  6. The effect of radiofrequency ablation on different organs: Ex vivo and in vivo comparative studies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Yoo Na [Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710 (Korea, Republic of); Rhim, Hyunchul, E-mail: rhimhc@skku.edu [Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710 (Korea, Republic of); Choi, Dongil; Kim, Young-sun; Lee, Min Woo; Chang, Ilsoo; Lee, Won Jae; Lim, Hyo K. [Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710 (Korea, Republic of)

    2011-11-15

    Objective: The purposes of this study are to evaluate the ex vivo and in vivo efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on different porcine tissues by the ablation of three different sites simultaneously. Materials and methods: A multichannel RFA system, enables three separate tumors to be ablated simultaneously, was used. RFA procedures were applied to normal porcine liver, kidney, and muscle together ex vivo (n = 12) and in vivo (n = 17). Pre-impedances, defined as baseline systemic impedances of tissues before beginning RFA, and the areas of ablation zones were measured and compared. Results: The areas of ablation zones among three organs had a significant difference in decreasing order as follows: liver, muscle, and kidney in the ex vivo study (p = 0.001); muscle, liver, and kidney in the in vivo study (p < 0.0001). The areas of ablation zones between ex vivo and in vivo had a significant difference in the liver and muscle (each p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the areas of ablation zones and pre-impedances in both studies. Conclusions: Renal RFA produced the smallest ablation zone in both in vivo and ex vivo studies. Muscular RFA demonstrated the largest ablation zone in the in vivo study, and hepatic RFA showed the largest ablation zone in the ex vivo study. This variability in the tissues should be considered for performing an optimized RFA for each organ site.

  7. Registro Español de Trasplante Cardíaco. XIV Informe Oficial (1984–2003

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Almenar

    2005-01-01

    El análisis comparativo de la supervivencia muestra que los resultados a largo plazo son ligeramente superiores a los publicados en la literatura médica mundial, con una progresiva tendencia a mejorar la supervivencia en los últimos años.

  8. Consentimiento Informado para Biobancos: Un debate ético abierto

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    Norma Serrano-Díaz

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Los Biobancos con fines de Investigación están aumentando en número e importancia, con un gran potencial que contribuye a la generación de conocimiento pertinente para la solución de problemas en salud. El reclutamiento de donantes es vital para su éxito. Sin embargo, este proceso tiene implicaciones importantes de carácter ético, legal y social. El consentimiento informado requerido para la participación del donante impone desafíos éticos importantes en torno a la privacidad, confidencialidad, uso secundario de muestras y datos para estudios futuros, retorno de resultados, intercambio de datos, distribución de beneficios entre otras. Diferentes modelos de consentimiento informado han sido propuestos para responder a algunos de estos retos éticos . Sin embargo, no se ha llegado a un acuerdo, por lo tanto la discusión continúa abierta. Este trabajo pretende contribuir con la discusión, considerando fundamental el significado y el valor del proceso de consentimiento informado para la participación en investigación biomédica. Se discuten los diferentes tipos de consentimiento que se están utilizando actualmente evaluando el nivel de control y autodeterminación por parte del donante.

  9. Resultados de la reparación mitral en función de la etiología: 15 años de seguimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael García-Fuster

    2013-04-01

    Conclusiones: Los resultados de la cirugía reparadora fueron satisfactorios. Supervivencia, tasa de recidiva y reoperación fueron excelentes en valvulopatía degenerativa. La reumática presentó menor durabilidad y la isquémica y funcional mostraron menor supervivencia.

  10. Tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer infiltrante de cuello uterino. Supervivencia Surgical treatment of the infiltrative cervical cancer. Survival rate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vladimir Díaz Noda

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available El cáncer de cuello uterino ocupa el segundo lugar entre los tipos de cáncer de la mujer y el quinto entre todos los tipos de cáncer que afectan al ser humano. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y longitudinal a las pacientes con cáncer infiltrante de cuello uterino que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico entre los años 1988 y 1993 en el Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado", de Pinar del Río. Para esta investigación se confeccionó encuesta, que fue aplicada a las 37 pacientes estudiadas; los datos fueron obtenidos de las historias clínicas y el interrogatorio a las pacientes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, número de partos, edad del primer coito y del primer parto y la supervivencia. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que el grupo de edades entre los 40-49 años fue el más frecuente en las pacientes estudiadas, todas las pacientes habían parido, más de la mitad de las pacientes comenzaron las relaciones sexuales antes de los 17 años. La adolescencia predominó como edad del primer parto en las pacientes estudiadas y solo una paciente falleció en este periodo.The cervix cancer takes the second place among the types of cancer in women and the fifth place among all of the types affecting the human being. A retrospective, longitudinal study was performed in patients suffering from infiltrative cervix cancer and they were given surgical treatment between 1988 and 1993 at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Hospital in Pinar del Río. A survey was made applying it to 37 patients; data were collected from the clinical records and from the interview to patients. Age, number of deliveries, age at the first coitus and first delivery and survival were the studied variables. It was found that 40-49 year old group was the most frequent among the studied patients, all the patients had given birth, over more than half of patients started sexual relations before 17 years of age. Adolescence prevailed as first - delivery age in

  11. Herencia de la resistencia al daño mecánico causado por Tagosodes orizicolus (Muir (Homoptera-Delphacidae en arroz Oryza sativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cuevas P. Federico

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available

    In Colombia all rice varieties developed are reported as resistant to Tagosodes orizicolus. Given the narrow genetic base of the resistant sources, this study was undertaken to identify the resistant parents or donors more oftenly used in Latin America. The materials were characterized as resistant (Mudgo, Amistad 82, IRAT 120, IRAT 124, Makalioka or susceptible based on the free chosen test and non chosen test and on the survival and oviposition of the insect (Chianan 8, Colombia 1, Bluebonnet 50, IR 8 (lCA, IR 8 (IRRI, Tetep and Cica 8. The damage was associated with insect survival, oviposition and eggs eclotion. To determine heritability two parents (Makalioka and Mudgo, were crossed with IR 8 F1 and F3 populations were also evaluated based on the free chosen test.

     

     

    En Colombia las variedades de arroz desarrolladas se consideran como resistentes a Tagosodes orizicolus. Dada la estrechez genética de las fuentes de resistencia, se inició este estudio para identificar los progenitores donantes de resistencia usados con mayor frecuencia en América Latina. Los materiales se caracterizaron como resistentes (Mudgo, Amistad 82, IRAT, 120, IRAT 124 Y Makalioka o susceptibles (Chianan 8, Colombia 1, Bluebonnet 50, IR 8 (lCA, IR (IRRI, Tetep y Cica 8, con base en las pruebas de libre escogencia, no escogencia, sobre vivencia y oviposición. El daño estuvo asociado con la supervivencia, oviposición y eclosión de huevos del insecto. Para la determinación de la herencia se cruzaron los progenitores Makalioka y Mudgo con IR8. En la Progenie F1 del cruzamiento resistente x resistente el 111% de las plantas fueron susceptibles; Mudgo y Makalioka segregaron 23 y 41% de plantas susceptibles.

  12. Mechanical properties of porcine brain tissue in vivo and ex vivo estimated by MR elastography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guertler, Charlotte A; Okamoto, Ruth J; Schmidt, John L; Badachhape, Andrew A; Johnson, Curtis L; Bayly, Philip V

    2018-03-01

    The mechanical properties of brain tissue in vivo determine the response of the brain to rapid skull acceleration. These properties are thus of great interest to the developers of mathematical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) or neurosurgical simulations. Animal models provide valuable insight that can improve TBI modeling. In this study we compare estimates of mechanical properties of the Yucatan mini-pig brain in vivo and ex vivo using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) at multiple frequencies. MRE allows estimations of properties in soft tissue, either in vivo or ex vivo, by imaging harmonic shear wave propagation. Most direct measurements of brain mechanical properties have been performed using samples of brain tissue ex vivo. It has been observed that direct estimates of brain mechanical properties depend on the frequency and amplitude of loading, as well as the time post-mortem and condition of the sample. Using MRE in the same animals at overlapping frequencies, we observe that porcine brain tissue in vivo appears stiffer than porcine brain tissue samples ex vivo at frequencies of 100 Hz and 125 Hz, but measurements show closer agreement at lower frequencies. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. 3D morphological analysis of the mouse cerebral vasculature: Comparison of in vivo and ex vivo methods.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joe Steinman

    Full Text Available Ex vivo 2-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM with optical clearing enables vascular imaging deep into tissue. However, optical clearing may also produce spherical aberrations if the objective lens is not index-matched to the clearing material, while the perfusion, clearing, and fixation procedure may alter vascular morphology. We compared in vivo and ex vivo 2PFM in mice, focusing on apparent differences in microvascular signal and morphology. Following in vivo imaging, the mice (four total were perfused with a fluorescent gel and their brains fructose-cleared. The brain regions imaged in vivo were imaged ex vivo. Vessels were segmented in both images using an automated tracing algorithm that accounts for the spatially varying PSF in the ex vivo images. This spatial variance is induced by spherical aberrations caused by imaging fructose-cleared tissue with a water-immersion objective. Alignment of the ex vivo image to the in vivo image through a non-linear warping algorithm enabled comparison of apparent vessel diameter, as well as differences in signal. Shrinkage varied as a function of diameter, with capillaries rendered smaller ex vivo by 13%, while penetrating vessels shrunk by 34%. The pial vasculature attenuated in vivo microvascular signal by 40% 300 μm below the tissue surface, but this effect was absent ex vivo. On the whole, ex vivo imaging was found to be valuable for studying deep cortical vasculature.

  14. In vivo and ex vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and secondary melanoma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bourne, Roger M.; Stanwell, Peter; Stretch, Jonathan R.; Scolyer, Richard A.; Thompson, John F.; Mountford, Carolyn E.; Lean, Cynthia L

    2005-03-01

    In vivo magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy at 1.5T was performed on a large polypoid cutaneous melanoma, and two enlarged lymph nodes containing metastatic melanoma, from three patients. Spectra were acquired in vivo from voxels wholly within the primary tumour or secondary lymph node and were thus uncontaminated by signals from adjacent tissue. Tissue biopsies taken after resection of primary tumours and secondary lymph nodes were examined by 8.5T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and the results compared with the in vivo spectra, and with spectra from normal skin and a benign skin lesion. There was good agreement between the dominant features of 1.5T spectra acquired in vivo and 8.5T spectra acquired from resected tissue. However, less intense resonances observed at 8.5T in malignant biopsy tissue were not consistently observed at 1.5T in vivo. In vivo spectra from primary and metastatic melanoma showed high levels of choline metabolites. An intense lactate resonance was also present in the in vivo spectrum of primary melanoma. All 8.5T spectra of biopsies from primary and secondary melanoma showed high levels of choline metabolites and lactate, and additional resonances consistent with elevated levels of taurine, alanine, lysine, and glutamate/glutamine relative to normal and benign tissue. Elevated levels of choline, lactate, taurine, and amino acids appear to be clinically useful markers for identifying the pathology of primary and metastatic melanoma.

  15. Efecto de calidad de planta, exposición y micrositio en una plantación de Quercus rugosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Ramírez Contreras

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available En la Sierra de Guadalupe, Estado de México, fueron plantados árboles de Quercus rugosa Née de dos calidades (planta chica, con 8-15 cm de altura y <2 mm de diámetro en la base, y planta grande con 16-24 cm de altura y 2-4 mm de diámetro, sobre dos exposiciones (NE y SO y en tres condiciones de micrositio (al NE y al SO de rocas y un testigo sin roca. Lo anterior para evaluar su supervivencia y crecimiento un año después de plantados. El experimento fue analizado con un procedimiento mixto. Se encontró que los tres factores fueron significativos, mas no sus interacciones. La planta grande tuvo mayor supervivencia que la chica (37 y 26 %; la exposición noreste arrojó mejor supervivencia que la suroeste (45 y 16 %; y las plantas con micrositio tuvieron mayores valores que el testigo (41 % al NE, 32 % al SO y 20 % para el testigo. El efecto aditivo de la mejor condición de cada factor (planta grande, exposición noreste, al noreste de roca implica una supervivencia igual a 64 %. La peor condición fue para los árboles chicos, sobre exposición suroeste y sin micrositio, con 0 % de supervivencia.

  16. The in vivo biofilm

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bjarnsholt, Thomas; Alhede, Maria; Alhede, Morten

    2013-01-01

    Bacteria can grow and proliferate either as single, independent cells or organized in aggregates commonly referred to as biofilms. When bacteria succeed in forming a biofilm within the human host, the infection often becomes very resistant to treatment and can develop into a chronic state. Biofilms...... have been studied for decades using various in vitro models, but it remains debatable whether such in vitro biofilms actually resemble in vivo biofilms in chronic infections. In vivo biofilms share several structural characteristics that differ from most in vitro biofilms. Additionally, the in vivo...... experimental time span and presence of host defenses differ from chronic infections and the chemical microenvironment of both in vivo and in vitro biofilms is seldom taken into account. In this review, we discuss why the current in vitro models of biofilms might be limited for describing infectious biofilms...

  17. Efecto del número de aplicaciones de cloprostenol sobre la regresión de cuerpos lúteos, el retorno al celo y la ovulación, después de un tratamiento superovulatorio en donantes de embriones bovinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Jiménez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de la aplicación doble o triple de prostaglandina sobre la regresión de CL, ovulación y retorno al celo después de un tratamiento superovulatorio en vacas donantes de embriones. Para este experimento se tomaron 44 vacas asignadas al azar a dos grupos de tratamiento. Al primero (n = 23; CLO 0 & 7 se le aplicó una dosis de 500 μg de cloprostenol los días 0 (denominado día de la colecta y 7; al segundo grupo (n = 21; CLO 0, 1 & 7 se le aplicó una inyección adicional el día 1. Los animales fueron examinados por ultrasonografía los días 0, 4, 7, 10 y 13 para evaluar la regresión de cuerpos lúteos y la ovulación. Se realizó observación del celo dos veces al día (mañana y tarde. El 0,8 y 52,3% de los grupos CLO 0 & 7 y CLO 0, 1 & 7, respectivamente, presentaron signos de celo. No se presentaron diferencias en el día del celo entre los grupos (7,2 ± 0,3, 7,3 ± 0,5 días. Tampoco hubodiferencia para la variable ovulación (8,5 ± 0,9 y 9,8± 0,9 días. Todas las vacas tratadas regresaron los cuerpos lúteos antes de finalizar el experimento. Cuando se analizó el tiempo de ovulación, se encontró que las vacas con 4 o menos cuerpos lúteos ovulan en un tiempo menor (P

  18. Inclusión diferencial de extranjeros/migrantes a trasplantes de órganos: dilemas éticos frente a "prácticas no éticas"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lourdes Basualdo

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo aborda el modo en que ciertos dilemas éticos vinculados al trasplante de órganos a extranjeros "no residentes", son movilizados por el Estado argentino en las normativas que definen un tratamiento diferenciado entre nacionales y no-nacionales en materia de trasplante, y cómo son puestos en relación con la política migratoria. Se muestra que existen mecanismos de inclusión diferencial que garantizan la inscripción a lista de espera sólo a nacionales y extranjeros "residentes" y permiten el trasplante con donante vivo a extranjeros "no residentes". Estos procesos de apertura y cierre de fronteras son posibles porque en el contexto actual coexisten la preocupación estatal en resguardar los bienes sociales proporcionados por el Estado (una de las funciones constitutivas del control migratorio y la obligación moral de los Estados-nación por el cuidado de la vida en el marco del gobierno humanitario.

  19. MDRD or CKD-EPI for glomerular filtration rate estimation in living kidney donors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Burballa

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: The evaluation of the measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR is key in the proper assessment of the renal function of potential kidney donors. We aim to study the correlation between glomerular filtration rate estimation equations and the measured methods for determining renal function. Material and methods: We analyzed the relationship between baseline GFR values measured by Tc-99m-DTPA (diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate and those estimated by the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD4 and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI equations in a series of living donors at our institution. Results: We included 64 donors (70.6% females; mean age 48.3 ± 11 years. Baseline creatinine was 0.8 ± 0.1 mg/dl and it was 1.1 ± 0.2 mg/dl one year after donation. The equations underestimated GFR when measured by Tc99m-DTPA (MDRD4 – 9.4 ± 25 ml/min, P < .05, and CKD-EPI – 4.4 ± 21 ml/min. The correlation between estimation equations and the measured method was superior for CKD-EPI (r = .41; P < .004 than for MDRD4 (r = .27; P < .05. eGFR decreased to 59.6 ± 11 (MDRD4 and 66.2 ± 14 ml/min (CKD-EPI one year after donation. This means a mean eGFR reduction of 28.2 ± 16.7 ml/min (MDRD4 and 27.31 ± 14.4 ml/min (CKD-EPI at one year. Conclusions: In our experience, CKD-EPI is the equation that better correlates with mGFR-Tc99m-DTPA when assessing renal function for donor screening purposes. Resumen: Introducción: El estudio del filtrado glomerular medido (FGm o del estimado (FGe es el eje de la evaluación adecuada de la función renal en la valoración de un potencial donante vivo renal. Nos planteamos estudiar la correlación entre las fórmulas de estimación del FG y los métodos de medición para

  20. Population-averaged macaque brain atlas with high-resolution ex vivo DTI integrated into in vivo space.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feng, Lei; Jeon, Tina; Yu, Qiaowen; Ouyang, Minhui; Peng, Qinmu; Mishra, Virendra; Pletikos, Mihovil; Sestan, Nenad; Miller, Michael I; Mori, Susumu; Hsiao, Steven; Liu, Shuwei; Huang, Hao

    2017-12-01

    Animal models of the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), the most widely used nonhuman primate, have been irreplaceable in neurobiological studies. However, a population-averaged macaque brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) atlas, including comprehensive gray and white matter labeling as well as bony and facial landmarks guiding invasive experimental procedures, is not available. The macaque white matter tract pathways and microstructures have been rarely recorded. Here, we established a population-averaged macaque brain atlas with high-resolution ex vivo DTI integrated into in vivo space incorporating bony and facial landmarks, and delineated microstructures and three-dimensional pathways of major white matter tracts in vivo MRI/DTI and ex vivo (postmortem) DTI of ten rhesus macaque brains were acquired. Single-subject macaque brain DTI template was obtained by transforming the postmortem high-resolution DTI data into in vivo space. Ex vivo DTI of ten macaque brains was then averaged in the in vivo single-subject template space to generate population-averaged macaque brain DTI atlas. The white matter tracts were traced with DTI-based tractography. One hundred and eighteen neural structures including all cortical gyri, white matter tracts and subcortical nuclei, were labeled manually on population-averaged DTI-derived maps. The in vivo microstructural metrics of fractional anisotropy, axial, radial and mean diffusivity of the traced white matter tracts were measured. Population-averaged digital atlas integrated into in vivo space can be used to label the experimental macaque brain automatically. Bony and facial landmarks will be available for guiding invasive procedures. The DTI metric measurements offer unique insights into heterogeneous microstructural profiles of different white matter tracts.

  1. Ex vivo MR volumetry of human brain hemispheres.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kotrotsou, Aikaterini; Bennett, David A; Schneider, Julie A; Dawe, Robert J; Golak, Tom; Leurgans, Sue E; Yu, Lei; Arfanakis, Konstantinos

    2014-01-01

    The aims of this work were to (a) develop an approach for ex vivo MR volumetry of human brain hemispheres that does not contaminate the results of histopathological examination, (b) longitudinally assess regional brain volumes postmortem, and (c) investigate the relationship between MR volumetric measurements performed in vivo and ex vivo. An approach for ex vivo MR volumetry of human brain hemispheres was developed. Five hemispheres from elderly subjects were imaged ex vivo longitudinally. All datasets were segmented. The longitudinal behavior of volumes measured ex vivo was assessed. The relationship between in vivo and ex vivo volumetric measurements was investigated in seven elderly subjects imaged both antemortem and postmortem. This approach for ex vivo MR volumetry did not contaminate the results of histopathological examination. For a period of 6 months postmortem, within-subject volume variation across time points was substantially smaller than intersubject volume variation. A close linear correspondence was detected between in vivo and ex vivo volumetric measurements. Regional brain volumes measured with this approach for ex vivo MR volumetry remain relatively unchanged for a period of 6 months postmortem. Furthermore, the linear relationship between in vivo and ex vivo MR volumetric measurements suggests that this approach captures information linked to antemortem macrostructural brain characteristics. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  2. OpenVIVO: Transparency in Scholarship

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Violeta Ilik

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available OpenVIVO is a free and open-hosted semantic web platform that anyone can join and that gathers and shares open data about scholarship in the world. OpenVIVO, based on the VIVO open-source platform, provides transparent access to data about the scholarly work of its participants. OpenVIVO demonstrates the use of persistent identifiers, the automatic real-time ingest of scholarly ecosystem metadata, the use of VIVO-ISF and related ontologies, the attribution of work, and the publication and reuse of data—all critical components of presenting, preserving, and tracking scholarship. The system was created by a cross-institutional team over the course of 3 months. The team created and used RDF models for research organizations in the world based on Digital Science GRID data, for academic journals based on data from CrossRef and the US National Library of Medicine, and created a new model for attribution of scholarly work. All models, data, and software are available in open repositories.

  3. Ex-vivo MR Volumetry of Human Brain Hemispheres

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kotrotsou, Aikaterini; Bennett, David A.; Schneider, Julie A.; Dawe, Robert J.; Golak, Tom; Leurgans, Sue E.; Yu, Lei; Arfanakis, Konstantinos

    2013-01-01

    Purpose The aims of this work were to: a) develop an approach for ex-vivo MR volumetry of human brain hemispheres that does not contaminate the results of histopathological examination, b) longitudinally assess regional brain volumes postmortem, and c) investigate the relationship between MR volumetric measurements performed in-vivo and ex-vivo. Methods An approach for ex-vivo MR volumetry of human brain hemispheres was developed. Five hemispheres from elderly subjects were imaged ex-vivo longitudinally. All datasets were segmented. The longitudinal behavior of volumes measured ex-vivo was assessed. The relationship between in-vivo and ex-vivo volumetric measurements was investigated in seven elderly subjects imaged both ante-mortem and postmortem. Results The presented approach for ex-vivo MR volumetry did not contaminate the results of histopathological examination. For a period of 6 months postmortem, within-subject volume variation across time points was substantially smaller than inter-subject volume variation. A close linear correspondence was detected between in-vivo and ex-vivo volumetric measurements. Conclusion Regional brain volumes measured with the presented approach for ex-vivo MR volumetry remain relatively unchanged for a period of 6 months postmortem. Furthermore, the linear relationship between in-vivo and ex-vivo MR volumetric measurements suggests that the presented approach captures information linked to ante-mortem macrostructural brain characteristics. PMID:23440751

  4. Digital Radiography for Determination of Primary Tooth Length: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria D. Basso

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. Methods for determining the root canal length of the primary tooth should yield accurate and reproducible results. In vitro studies show some limitations, which do not allow their findings to be directly transferred to a clinical situation. Aim. To compare the accuracy of radiographic tooth length obtained from in vivo digital radiograph with that obtained from ex vivo digital radiograph. Method. Direct digital radiographs of 20 upper primary incisors were performed in teeth (2/3 radicular resorption that were radiographed by an intraoral sensor, according to the long-cone technique. Teeth were extracted, measured, and mounted in a resin block, and then radiographic template was used to standardise the sensor-target distance (30 cm. The apparent tooth length (APTL was obtained from the computer screen by means of an electronic ruler accompanying the digital radiography software (CDR 2.0, whereas the actual tooth length (ACTL was obtained by means of a digital calliper following extraction. Data were compared to the ACTL by variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test. Results. The values for APTL obtained from in vivo radiography were slightly underestimated, whereas those values obtained from ex vivo were slightly overestimated. No significance was observed (P≤0.48 between APTL and ACTL. Conclusion. The length of primary teeth estimated by in vivo and ex vivo comparisons using digital radiography was found to be similar to the actual tooth length.

  5. Electromagnetic tracking for CT-guided spine interventions: phantom, ex-vivo and in-vivo results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bruners, Philipp; Penzkofer, Tobias; Nagel, Markus; Elfring, Robert; Schmitz-Rode, Thomas; Gronloh, Nina; Guenther, Rolf W.; Mahnken, Andreas H.

    2009-01-01

    An electromagnetic-based tracking and navigation system was evaluated for interventional radiology. The electromagnetic tracking system (CAPPA IRAD EMT, CASinnovations, Erlangen, Germany) was used for real-time monitoring of punctures of the lumbar facet joints and intervertebral disks in a spine phantom, three pig cadavers and three anaesthesized pigs. Therefore, pre-interventional computed tomography (CT) datasets were transferred to the navigation system and puncture trajectories were planned. A coaxial needle was advanced along the trajectories while the position of the needle tip was monitored in real time. After puncture tracts were marked with pieces of wire another CT examination was performed and distances between wires and anatomical targets were measured. Performing punctures of the facet joints mean needle positioning errors were 0.4 ± 0.8 mm in the spine phantom, 2.8 ± 2.1 mm ex vivo and 3.0 ± 2.0 mm in vivo with mean length of the puncture tract of 54.0 ± 10.4 mm (phantom), 51.6 ± 12.6 mm (ex vivo) and 50.9 ± 17.6 mm (in vivo). At first attempt, intervertebral discs were successfully punctured in 15/15 in the phantom study, in 12/15 in the ex-vivo study and 14/15 in the in-vivo study, respectively. Immobilization of the patient and optimal positioning of the field generator are essential to achieve a high accuracy of needle placement in a clinical CT setting. (orig.)

  6. Desmosomes In Vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Garrod

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The structure, function, and regulation of desmosomal adhesion in vivo are discussed. Most desmosomes in tissues exhibit calcium-independent adhesion, which is strongly adhesive or “hyperadhesive”. This is fundamental to tissue strength. Almost all studies in culture are done on weakly adhesive, calcium-dependent desmosomes, although hyperadhesion can be readily obtained in confluent cell culture. Calcium dependence is a default condition in vivo, found in wounds and embryonic development. Hyperadhesion appears to be associated with an ordered arrangement of the extracellular domains of the desmosomal cadherins, which gives rise to the intercellular midline identified in ultrastructural studies. This in turn probably depends on molecular order in the desmosomal plaque. Protein kinase C downregulates hyperadhesion and there is preliminary evidence that it may also be regulated by tyrosine kinases. Downregulation of desmosomes in vivo may occur by internalisation of whole desmosomes rather than disassembly. Hyperadhesion has implications for diseases such as pemphigus.

  7. PASSIVE CAVITATION DETECTION DURING PULSED HIFU EXPOSURES OF EX VIVO TISSUES AND IN VIVO MOUSE PANCREATIC TUMORS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Tong; Chen, Hong; Khokhlova, Tatiana; Wang, Yak-Nam; Kreider, Wayne; He, Xuemei; Hwang, Joo Ha

    2014-01-01

    Pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU) has been demonstrated to enhance vascular permeability, disrupt tumor barriers and enhance drug penetration into tumor tissue through acoustic cavitation. Monitoring of cavitation activity during pHIFU treatments and knowing the ultrasound pressure levels sufficient to reliably induce cavitation in a given tissue are therefore very important. Here, three metrics of cavitation activity induced by pHIFU and evaluated by confocal passive cavitation detection were introduced: cavitation probability, cavitation persistence and the level of the broadband acoustic emissions. These metrics were used to characterize cavitation activity in several ex vivo tissue types (bovine tongue and liver and porcine adipose tissue and kidney) and gel phantoms (polyacrylamide and agarose) at varying peak-rarefactional focal pressures (1–12 MPa) during the following pHIFU protocol: frequency 1.1 MHz, pulse duration 1 ms, pulse repetition frequency 1 Hz. To evaluate the relevance of the measurements in ex vivo tissue, cavitation metrics were also investigated and compared in the ex vivo and in vivo murine pancreatic tumors that develop spontaneously in transgenic KPC mice and closely recapitulate human disease in their morphology. The cavitation threshold, defined at 50 % cavitation probability, was found to vary broadly among the investigated tissues (within 2.5–10 MPa), depending mostly on the water-lipid ratio that characterizes the tissue composition. Cavitation persistence and the intensity of broadband emissions depended both on tissue structure and lipid concentration. Both the cavitation threshold and broadband noise emission level were similar between ex vivo and in vivo pancreatic tumor tissue. The largest difference between in vivo and ex vivo settings was found in the pattern of cavitation occurrence throughout pHIFU exposure: it was sporadic in vivo, but ex vivo it decreased rapidly and stopped over the first few pulses

  8. Passive cavitation detection during pulsed HIFU exposures of ex vivo tissues and in vivo mouse pancreatic tumors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Tong; Chen, Hong; Khokhlova, Tatiana; Wang, Yak-Nam; Kreider, Wayne; He, Xuemei; Hwang, Joo Ha

    2014-07-01

    Pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU) has been shown to enhance vascular permeability, disrupt tumor barriers and enhance drug penetration into tumor tissue through acoustic cavitation. Monitoring of cavitation activity during pHIFU treatments and knowing the ultrasound pressure levels sufficient to reliably induce cavitation in a given tissue are therefore very important. Here, three metrics of cavitation activity induced by pHIFU and evaluated by confocal passive cavitation detection were introduced: cavitation probability, cavitation persistence and the level of the broadband acoustic emissions. These metrics were used to characterize cavitation activity in several ex vivo tissue types (bovine tongue and liver and porcine adipose tissue and kidney) and gel phantoms (polyacrylamide and agarose) at varying peak-rare factional focal pressures (1-12 MPa) during the following pHIFU protocol: frequency 1.1 MHz, pulse duration 1 ms and pulse repetition frequency 1 Hz. To evaluate the relevance of the measurements in ex vivo tissue, cavitation metrics were also investigated and compared in the ex vivo and in vivo murine pancreatic tumors that develop spontaneously in transgenic KrasLSL.G12 D/+; p53 R172 H/+; PdxCretg/+ (KPC) mice and closely re-capitulate human disease in their morphology. The cavitation threshold, defined at 50% cavitation probability, was found to vary broadly among the investigated tissues (within 2.5-10 MPa), depending mostly on the water-lipid ratio that characterizes the tissue composition. Cavitation persistence and the intensity of broadband emissions depended both on tissue structure and lipid concentration. Both the cavitation threshold and broadband noise emission level were similar between ex vivo and in vivo pancreatic tumor tissue. The largest difference between in vivo and ex vivo settings was found in the pattern of cavitation occurrence throughout pHIFU exposure: it was sporadic in vivo, but it decreased rapidly and stopped

  9. Testicular cells exhibit similar molecular responses to cigarette smoke condensate ex vivo and in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Esakky, Prabagaran; Hansen, Deborah A; Drury, Andrea M; Felder, Paul; Cusumano, Andrew; Moley, Kelle H

    2018-01-01

    Male exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with seminal defects and with congenital anomalies and childhood cancers in offspring. In mice, paternal exposure to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) causes molecular defects in germ cells and phenotypic effects in their offspring. Here we used an ex vivo testicular explant model and in vivo exposure to determine the concentration at which CSC impairs spermatogenesis and offspring development. We explanted testis tissue at postnatal day (P)5.5 and cultured it until P11.5. Assessment of growth parameters by analyzing expression of cell-specific markers revealed that the explant system maintained structural and functional integrity. We exposed the P5.5 to -11.5 explants to various concentrations (40-160 µg/ml) of CSC and confirmed that nicotine in the CSC was metabolized to cotinine. We assessed various growth and differentiation parameters, as well as testosterone production, and observed that many spermatogenesis features were impaired at 160 µg/ml CSC. The same parameters were impaired by a similar CSC concentration in vivo Finally, females mated to males that were exposed to 160 µg/ml CSC neonatally had increased rates of pup resorption. We conclude that male exposure to CSC impairs offspring development and that the concentration at which CSC impairs spermatogenesis is similar in vivo and ex vivo. Given that the concentrations of CSC we used contained similar doses of nicotine as human smokers are exposed to, we argue that our model mimics human male reproductive effects of smoking.-Esakky, P., Hansen, D. A., Drury, A. M., Felder, P., Cusumano, A., Moley, K. H. Testicular cells exhibit similar molecular responses to cigarette smoke condensate ex vivo and in vivo . © FASEB.

  10. In vitro and in vivo Development of Cloned Ovine Embryos using in vitro and in vivo Matured Oocytes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, P; Nagashima, H; Sun, F-J

    1995-01-01

    Cloning of sheep embryos by nucleus transplantation can be achieved by using in vivo matured (oviductal) oocytes and in vivo culture. However, these steps involve cumbersome procedures. Therefore, the effects of in vivo vs. the equivalent in vitro procedures on the pre-implantation development of...

  11. In vivo dosimetry in radiation therapy in Sweden; In vivo-dosimetri inom straalbehandling i Sverige

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eriksson, Jacob; Blomquist, Michael (Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeaa (Sweden))

    2010-07-15

    A prerequisite for achieving high radiation safety for patients receiving external beam radiation therapy is that the hospitals have a quality assurance program. The program should include include monitoring of the radiation dose given to the patient. Control measurements are performed both at the system level and at the individual level. Control measurement is normally performed using in vivo dosimetry, e.g. a method to measure the radiation dose at the individual level during the actual radiation treatment time. In vivo dosimetry has proven to be an important tool to detect and prevent serious errors in patient treatment. The purpose of this research project was to identify the extent to which vivo dosimetry is used and the methods available for this at Swedish radiation therapy clinics. The authority also wanted to get an overall picture of how hospitals manage results of in vivo dosimetry, and how clinics control radiation dose when using modern treatment techniques. The report reflects the situation in Swedish radiotherapy clinics 2007. The report shows that all hospitals use some form of in vivo dosimetry. The instruments used are mainly diodes and termoluminiscence dosimeters

  12. In Vivo Imaging of Molecularly Targeted Phage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kimberly A. Kelly

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Rapid identification of in vivo affinity ligands would have far-reaching applications for imaging specific molecular targets, in vivo systems imaging, and medical use. We have developed a high-throughput method for identifying and optimizing ligands to map and image biologic targets of interest in vivo. We directly labeled viable phage clones with far-red fluorochromes and comparatively imaged them in vivo by multichannel fluorescence ratio imaging. Using Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (osteonectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 as model targets, we show that: 1 fluorescently labeled phage retains target specificity on labeling; 2 in vivo distribution can be quantitated (detection thresholds of ~ 300 phage/mm3 tissue throughout the entire depth of the tumor using fluorescent tomographic imaging; and 3 fluorescently labeled phage itself can serve as a replenishable molecular imaging agent. The described method should find widespread application in the rapid in vivo discovery and validation of affinity ligands and, importantly, in the use of fluorochrome-labeled phage clones as in vivo imaging agents.

  13. “Cardiovascular Health Investigation and Collaboration to Assess the Markers and Outcomes of Chagas disease” (CHICAMOCHA: Concepto, métodos y características de una cohorte de donantes de sangre en Bucaramanga, Colombia / “Cardiovascular Health Investigation and Collaboration to Assess the Markers and Outcomes of Chagas disease” (CHICAMOCHA: Concept, Methods and Characteristics of a Cohort of Blood Donors in Bucaramanga, Colombia / "Pesquisa de Saúde Cardiovascular e Colaboração para avaliar os marcadores e os resultados da doença de Chagas" (CHICAMOCHA: conceito, métodos e características de um grupo de doadores de sangue em Bucaramanga, Colômbia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Villar-Centeno, MD., Esp., MSc., PhD.

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Colombia está expuesta simultáneamente a las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores como la Enfermedad de Chagas (ECHA, así como a la carga creciente de la enfermedad cardiovascular de origen aterosclerótico (ECV. Objetivo: Estudiar a través del ensamblaje de un estudio de cohorte de adultos jóvenes de Bucaramanga, el desarrollo de la ECHA y la ECV. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio a partir de donantes de sangre con tamización serológica para T. cruzi. Se construyó una base de datos de donantes consecutivos con estatus positivo (T[+] apareada (en relación 1:4, estratificada por banco y mes de donación con donantes T[-]. Los participantes fueron clasificados por estado serológico y electrocardiograma y evaluados clínicamente (realizando pruebas adicionales de función cardiovascular a los T[+] y a una muestra aleatoria de T[-]. En los siguientes años se iniciaron ensayos clínicos en los participantes T[+] y mediciones repetidas en los T[-] para estudios de riesgo de ECV. Resultados: De 6,228 donantes (18 a 50 años de edad registrados en la base (1997-2003, 2,130 donantes de sangre (edad media 36.4 [DE 8.4] años, 64.0% hombres, 73.4% residentes en los estratos 1-3, 486 T[+] consintieron participar. El protocolo de contacto, seguimiento y recuperación de participantes ha logrado que se obtengan mediciones repetidas en al menos el 80% de los participantes. Conclusiones: CHICAMOCHA constituye un activo de valor social que aumenta las capacidades locales de investigación. Se requieren esfuerzos continuados para ensanchar sus posibilidades de formación de investigadores, generación de productos de conocimiento y recomendaciones para el sistema de salud. [Villar JC, Herrera VM, Cháves-Neira AM, Martínez-Contreras LX, Villar-Centeno LA, Ardila E, Marcell-Vásquez S, Vásquez SM. “Cardiovascular Health Investigation and Collaboration to Assess the Markers and Outcomes of Chagas disease” (CHICAMOCHA: Concepto

  14. Aplasia pura de serie roja post-trasplante alogeneico de células progenitoras hematopoyeticas ABO incompatible Pure red cell aplasia after ABO incompatible bone marrow transplantation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Bulliorsky

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available El trasplante alogeneico de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH con incompatibilidad ABO entre el donante y el receptor puede en ocasiones asociarse a trastornos en la progenie eritroide desarrollada a partir de la médula ósea trasplantada, caracterizado por un funcionamiento tardío, inadecuado e incompleto de la misma. En este contexto, la aplasia pura de serie roja es la complicación más severa. Se han intentado tratamientos para la aplasia pura de serie roja post-TCPH con eritropoyetina o plasmaféresis, con relativo éxito. Algunos autores han informado también la utilización de globulina antilinfocitaria, asumiendo que dicha aplasia selectiva de la serie roja en la médula ósea trasplantada es mediada por un mecanismo inmune. En este trabajo se describe un paciente portador de una leucemia aguda en quien se realizó un TCPH alogeneico (ABO incompatible con su donante. Teniendo niveles bajos de aglutininas contra el grupo sanguíneo de la donante, desarrolló una aplasia pura de serie roja post - TCPH. La misma no mejoró con tratamiento con eritropoyetina o con un refuerzo de progenitores hematopoyéticos de sangre periférica de la misma donante (boost, resolviéndose totalmente luego de un tratamiento exitoso con globulina antilinfocitaria de origen equino.ABO incompatibility in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may be associated with incomplete or delayed erythroid engraftment, being pure red cell aplasia (PRCA the most severe complication in this setting. Attempts for the treatment of PRCA have been made with erythropoietin or with plasmapheresis with relative success, and some authors have reported the reversibility of PRCA with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG or ATG, based on the assumption that PRCA might be immunologically mediated. We report herewith a patient with acute leukemia who developed post - BMT pure red cell aplasia. His sibling donor (sister was HLA identical and ABO incompatible, having low agglutinin

  15. In vitro and in vivo Development of Cloned Ovine Embryos using in vitro and in vivo Matured Oocytes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, P; Nagashima, H; Sun, F-J

    1995-01-01

    Cloning of sheep embryos by nucleus transplantation can be achieved by using in vivo matured (oviductal) oocytes and in vivo culture. However, these steps involve cumbersome procedures. Therefore, the effects of in vivo vs. the equivalent in vitro procedures on the pre-implantation development...... matured oocytes were enucleated and fused with inserted blastomeres from donor embryos. In vitro matured oocytes were enucleated and allowed to age prior to blastomere insertion and electrofusion. Fused embryos were cultured for approximately 132 h either in vivo in ligated sheep oviducts or in vitro...

  16. Absolute calibration in vivo measurement systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kruchten, D.A.; Hickman, D.P.

    1991-02-01

    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is currently investigating a new method for obtaining absolute calibration factors for radiation measurement systems used to measure internally deposited radionuclides in vivo. Absolute calibration of in vivo measurement systems will eliminate the need to generate a series of human surrogate structures (i.e., phantoms) for calibrating in vivo measurement systems. The absolute calibration of in vivo measurement systems utilizes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to define physiological structure, size, and composition. The MRI image provides a digitized representation of the physiological structure, which allows for any mathematical distribution of radionuclides within the body. Using Monte Carlo transport codes, the emission spectrum from the body is predicted. The in vivo measurement equipment is calibrated using the Monte Carlo code and adjusting for the intrinsic properties of the detection system. The calibration factors are verified using measurements of existing phantoms and previously obtained measurements of human volunteers. 8 refs

  17. In vivo studies of opiate receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Frost, J.J.; Dannals, R.F.; Duelfer, T.; Burns, H.D.; Ravert, H.T.; Langstroem, B.; Balasubramanian, V.; Wagner, H.N. Jr.

    1984-01-01

    To study opiate receptors noninvasively in vivo using positron emission tomography, techniques for preferentially labeling opiate receptors in vivo can be used. The rate at which receptor-bound ligand clears from the brain in vivo can be predicted by measuring the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) at 37 degrees C in the presence of 100 mM sodium chloride and 100 microM guanyl-5'-imidodiphosphate, the drug distribution coefficient, and the molecular weight. A suitable ligand for labeling opiate receptors in vivo is diprenorphine, which binds to mu, delta, and kappa receptors with approximately equal affinity in vitro. However, in vivo diprenorphine may bind predominantly to one opiate receptor subtype, possibly the mu receptor. To predict the affinity for binding to the opiate receptor, a Hansch correlation was determined between the 50% inhibitory concentration for a series of halogen-substituted fentanyl analogs and electronic, lipophilic, and steric parameters. Radiochemical methods for the synthesis of carbon-11-labeled diprenorphine and lofentanil are presented

  18. In vivo studies of opiate receptors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Frost, J.J.; Dannals, R.F.; Duelfer, T.; Burns, H.D.; Ravert, H.T.; Langstroem, B.; Balasubramanian, V.; Wagner, H.N. Jr.

    1984-01-01

    To study opiate receptors noninvasively in vivo using positron emission tomography, techniques for preferentially labeling opiate receptors in vivo can be used. The rate at which receptor-bound ligand clears from the brain in vivo can be predicted by measuring the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) at 37 degrees C in the presence of 100 mM sodium chloride and 100 microM guanyl-5'-imidodiphosphate, the drug distribution coefficient, and the molecular weight. A suitable ligand for labeling opiate receptors in vivo is diprenorphine, which binds to mu, delta, and kappa receptors with approximately equal affinity in vitro. However, in vivo diprenorphine may bind predominantly to one opiate receptor subtype, possibly the mu receptor. To predict the affinity for binding to the opiate receptor, a Hansch correlation was determined between the 50% inhibitory concentration for a series of halogen-substituted fentanyl analogs and electronic, lipophilic, and steric parameters. Radiochemical methods for the synthesis of carbon-11-labeled diprenorphine and lofentanil are presented.

  19. Thinking of a Blockchain for VIVO

    OpenAIRE

    garcia, alexander; Lopez, Federico; Conlon, Michael

    2017-01-01

    VIVO is an example of a decentralized system; institutions publish VIVO data just by adhering to a simple data structure in the form of an ontology. Similar to a distributed ledger, VIVO is a decentralized database that is used to maintain a continuously growing list of records. These records aim to include a comprehensive list of scholarly outputs. Although outputs are often described in a single narrative, the published reviewed paper, the research has generat...

  20. In vivo and ex vivo inflammatory markers of common metabolic phenotypes in humans

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mærkedahl, Rasmus Baadsgaard; Frøkiær, Hanne; Stenbæk, Marie Grøntved

    2018-01-01

    fasting serum markers of LGSI and leukocyte counts associated best with measures of MS-associated LGSI, whereas ex vivo cytokine production was only associated with prevailing glycemia and dyslipidemia. Taken together, this indicates that the relationship between in vivo and ex vivo inflammatory markers...

  1. Antonio Machado: muerte y supervivencia

    OpenAIRE

    López Castro, Armando

    2005-01-01

    566 p. La vida es como el Fenix, siempre renace de su propia muerte. La verdadera naturaleza de la vida es la resurrección. Este principio, clave del pensamiento cristiano, se va a desarrollar con la conciencia simbólica, que consiste en rememorar la unidad desde la dispersión. No es casual que un espíritu cristiano como el de Machado, estuviese próximo a la figura de Cristo, que nos hace pasar de la muerte a la vida, y practicase una escritura destinada a transformar lo histórico en busca...

  2. In vivo and ex vivo characterization of a novel Er fiber laser system for fractional treatment of soft oral tissues

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shatilova, Ksenia; Aloian, Georgii; Karabut, Maria; Ryabova, Valentina; Yaroslavsky, Ilya V.; Altshuler, Gregory

    2018-02-01

    In this work, we present the first histological in vivo and ex vivo study of effects of fractional Er fiber laser (wavelength 1550 nm, peak power 25 W) on keratinized gum and alveolar mucosa for gum regeneration. Biopsy with subsequent NBTC staining was used as primary evaluation technique. Ex vivo, porcine tissue model was used. Effects of pulse energy, beam diameter, and beam divergence were investigated in detail. It has been demonstrated that under optimal conditions columns up to 800 μm in depth could be reliably produced with 130 mJ pulses. Clinically, 2 subjects were treated and 4 punch biopsies were collected. The results were compared with ex vivo data. Both ex vivo and in vivo datasets suggest feasibility of a dental fractional system intended for gum regeneration.

  3. «Esa corporeidad mortal y rosa»: análisis del tiempo libre de enfermedad del cáncer de mama en Gipuzkoa en presencia de riesgos competitivos "That deadly and pink corporeity": Analysis of disease-free survival analysis in breast cancer in Gipuzkoa (Spain in the presence of competing risks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Martínez-Camblor

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Analizar el tiempo de supervivencia libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia relativa en mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama en la provincia de Gipuzkoa en un contexto de riesgos competitivos, valorando las diferencias encontradas entre el uso directo del estimador de Kaplan-Meier y el método de decrementos múltiples por un lado y la supervivencia relativa por otro. Métodos: Se consideraron todos los casos de cáncer de mama registrados en la provincia de Gipuzkoa durante los años 1995 y 1996 en estadio distinto del IV, y se hizo un seguimiento de 8 años para la recidiva y de 10 años para la supervivencia. Se analizó el tiempo de supervivencia libre de enfermedad mediante el método de decrementos múltiples. Asimismo, también se analizó el tiempo de supervivencia observado y corregido por la mortalidad esperada de la población, conocido como supervivencia relativa. Resultados: La estimación de la probabilidad de recidiva a los 8 años por el método de decrementos múltiples es un 8,8% inferior a la obtenida por el método de Kaplan-Meier. La diferencia entre la supervivencia observada y la relativa a los 10 años es del 10,8%. Ambos resultados indican que, en este caso, el método de Kaplan-Meier sobrestima tanto la probabilidad de recaída como la de muerte por la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Dos cuestiones que muchas veces se obvian al realizar un análisis de supervivencia son, por un lado, que la no independencia entre el tiempo de supervivencia y el tiempo de censura hacen no interpretables los resultados obtenidos por el estimador de Kaplan-Meier, y por otro el hecho, hasta hora incuestionable, de que de una manera u otra todos causamos fallo y, desde este planteamiento, en el estudio del tiempo de supervivencia hay que tener presente la probabilidad de fallo en la población general de referencia. En los resultados obtenidos se observa que utilizar de manera superficial el estimador de Kaplan-Meier comporta una

  4. Automated Segmentation of in Vivo and Ex Vivo Mouse Brain Magnetic Resonance Images

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alize E.H. Scheenstra

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI data is required for many applications, such as the comparison of different structures or time points, and for annotation purposes. Currently, the gold standard for automated image segmentation is nonlinear atlas-based segmentation. However, these methods are either not sufficient or highly time consuming for mouse brains, owing to the low signal to noise ratio and low contrast between structures compared with other applications. We present a novel generic approach to reduce processing time for segmentation of various structures of mouse brains, in vivo and ex vivo. The segmentation consists of a rough affine registration to a template followed by a clustering approach to refine the rough segmentation near the edges. Compared with manual segmentations, the presented segmentation method has an average kappa index of 0.7 for 7 of 12 structures in in vivo MRI and 11 of 12 structures in ex vivo MRI. Furthermore, we found that these results were equal to the performance of a nonlinear segmentation method, but with the advantage of being 8 times faster. The presented automatic segmentation method is quick and intuitive and can be used for image registration, volume quantification of structures, and annotation.

  5. Efecto del número de aplicaciones de cloprostenol sobre la regresión de cuerpos lúteos, el retorno al celo y la ovulación, después de un tratamiento superovulatorio en donantes de embriones bovinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Cabra

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de la aplicación doble o triple de prostaglandina sobre la regresión de CL, ovulación y retorno al celo después de un tratamiento superovulatorio en vacas donantes de embriones. Para este experimento se tomaron 44 vacas asignadas al azar a dos grupos de tratamiento. Al primero (n = 23; CLO 0 & 7 se le aplicó una dosis de 500 μg de cloprostenol los días 0 (denominado día de la colecta y 7; al segundo grupo (n = 21; CLO 0, 1 & 7 se le aplicó una inyección adicional el día 1. Los animales fueron examinados por ultrasonografía los días 0, 4, 7, 10 y 13 para evaluar la regresión de cuerpos lúteos y la ovulación. Se realizó observación del celo dos veces al día (mañana y tarde. El 60,8 y 52,3% de los grupos CLO 0 & 7 y CLO 0, 1 & 7, respectivamente, presentaron signos de celo. No se presentaron diferencias en el día del celo entre los grupos (7,2 ± 0,3, 7,3 ± 0,5 días. Tampoco hubo diferencia para la variable ovulación (8,5 ± 0,9 y 9,8± 0,9 días. Todas las vacas tratadas regresaron los cuerpos lúteos antes de finalizar el experimento. Cuando se analizó el tiempo de ovulación, se encontró que las vacas con 4 o menos cuerpos lúteos ovulan en un tiempo menor (P < 0,01 que las vacas con 5 o más cuerpos lúteos. Se concluye que no hay diferencia entre la doble o triple aplicación de cloprostenol para las variables. Sería innecesaria una aplicación adicional de cloprostenol el día 7.

  6. In-vivo and ex-vivo assessment of the accuracy of the computer-aided volumetry of porcine kidney in CT images

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cai, W.; Harris, G.; Holalkere, N.; Sahani, D.; Yoshida, H. [Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School (United States)

    2007-06-15

    Measurement of kidney volume by computed tomography (CT), called renal volumetry, is indispensable for diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related diseases. Computer-aided volumetry (CAV) of kidney relies on an efficient and accurate segmentation method of the kidney. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of our CAV of kidney scheme using dynamic-threshold (DT) level set method, based on in-vivo and ex-vivo reference standards. Eight Yorkshire breed anesthetized pigs were scanned on a 64-slice multi-detector CT scanner (Sensation 64, Siemens) after an injection of iodinated (300 mgl/ml) contrast agent through an IV cannula. The kidneys of the pigs were then surgically resected and scanned on CT in the same manner. Both in-vivo and ex-vivo CT images were subjected to our volumetry scheme. The resulting volumes of the kidneys were compared with the in-vivo and ex-vivo reference standards: the former was established by manual contouring of the kidneys on the CT images by an experienced radiologist, and the latter was established as the water displacement volume of the resected kidney. Our CAV of kidney scheme demonstrated accurate in-vivo and ex-vivo measurement of kidney volume, despite a large difference between the two reference standards. (orig.)

  7. In-vivo and ex-vivo assessment of the accuracy of the computer-aided volumetry of porcine kidney in CT images

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cai, W.; Harris, G.; Holalkere, N.; Sahani, D.; Yoshida, H.

    2007-01-01

    Measurement of kidney volume by computed tomography (CT), called renal volumetry, is indispensable for diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related diseases. Computer-aided volumetry (CAV) of kidney relies on an efficient and accurate segmentation method of the kidney. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of our CAV of kidney scheme using dynamic-threshold (DT) level set method, based on in-vivo and ex-vivo reference standards. Eight Yorkshire breed anesthetized pigs were scanned on a 64-slice multi-detector CT scanner (Sensation 64, Siemens) after an injection of iodinated (300 mgl/ml) contrast agent through an IV cannula. The kidneys of the pigs were then surgically resected and scanned on CT in the same manner. Both in-vivo and ex-vivo CT images were subjected to our volumetry scheme. The resulting volumes of the kidneys were compared with the in-vivo and ex-vivo reference standards: the former was established by manual contouring of the kidneys on the CT images by an experienced radiologist, and the latter was established as the water displacement volume of the resected kidney. Our CAV of kidney scheme demonstrated accurate in-vivo and ex-vivo measurement of kidney volume, despite a large difference between the two reference standards. (orig.)

  8. Sex differences in the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to endotoxin unfold in vivo but not ex vivo in healthy humans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wegner, Alexander; Benson, Sven; Rebernik, Laura; Spreitzer, Ingo; Jäger, Marcus; Schedlowski, Manfred; Elsenbruch, Sigrid; Engler, Harald

    2017-07-01

    Clinical data indicate that inflammatory responses differ across sexes, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we assessed in vivo and ex vivo cytokine responses to bacterial endotoxin in healthy men and women to elucidate the role of systemic and cellular factors underlying sex differences in inflammatory responses. Participants received an i.v. injection of low-dose endotoxin (0.4 ng/kg body mass), and plasma TNF-α and IL-6 responses were analyzed over a period of 6 h. In parallel, ex vivo cytokine production was measured in endotoxin-stimulated blood samples obtained immediately before in vivo endotoxin administration. As glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in the negative feedback regulation of the inflammatory response, we additionally analyzed plasma cortisol concentrations and ex vivo GC sensitivity of cytokine production. Results revealed greater in vivo pro-inflammatory responses in women compared with men, with significantly higher increases in plasma TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. In addition, the endotoxin-induced rise in plasma cortisol was more pronounced in women. In contrast, no sex differences in ex vivo cytokine production and GC sensitivity were observed. Together, these findings demonstrate major differences in in vivo and ex vivo responses to endotoxin and underscore the importance of systemic factors underlying sex differences in the inflammatory response.

  9. IDRC Paper

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Bruce Jones

    con mucho la única); ¿cómo puede el apoyo de los donantes a los servicios del ..... de alta calidad se pueda exponer y examinar; poder impulsar una red de .... de la participación de mujeres en el establecimiento de la paz aumenta las.

  10. Necesidad de órganos en chile: ¿qué hacer para progresar?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. José Luis Rojas, Dr.

    2010-03-01

    Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta revisión es: analizar las diferente etapas del proceso de donación e identificar los puntos más relevantes en donde concentrar los esfuerzos para poder incrementar la tasa de donantes de un país determinado.

  11. Trasplante después del Fontan. Aspectos quirúrgicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan-Miguel Gil-Jaurena

    2016-09-01

    Conclusiones: Trasplantar a pacientes con Fontan previo es un reto. Podemos anticipar variantes en cada una de las 5 anastomosis previstas. Es recomendable obtener tejido extra del donante (aorta y arco, vena cava superior e innominada, pericardio. Los resultados pueden superponerse a otras series de trasplante cardiaco.

  12. Cooperación china en América Latina. Las implicaciones de la asistencia para el desarrollo .

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Erthal Abdenur

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available En el último decenio, la cooperación china en América Latina y el Caribe ha ganado fuerza, impulsada no solo por el comercio creciente, sino también por los vínculos políticos, tecnológicos, culturales y de seguridad que se han diversificado progresivamente. Si bien esta cooperación ha generado beneficios tangibles,también ha provocado nuevas dinámicas de competencia, incluso entre los actores involucrados en la asistencia para el desarrollo. Este artículo examina algunos de los impactos de la cooperación china, a partir de la investigación sobre los riesgos y oportunidades, tanto como las reacciones de los donantes respecto al involucramiento chino. Nuestro análisis destaca cuatro tendencias que se pueden intensificar debido al aumento de la cooperación china en la región: cambios de prioridades, desplazamiento de donantes, exclusión de la sociedad civil y fragmentación regional.

  13. Lymphotoxin prevention of diethylnitrosamine carcinogenesis in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ransom, J.H.; Evans, C.H.; DiPaolo, J.A.

    1982-01-01

    Development of intervention measures to control cancer would be facilitated by being able to monitor in vivo carcinogenesis by in vitro quantitation of early indices of neoplastic transformation to assess the in vivo effectiveness of preventive-therapeutic measures. Pregnant Syrian golden hamsters were used in an in vivo-in vitro transplacental model of carcinogenesis to determine the extent that in vivo administration of immunologic hormone preparations along with chemical carcinogen would prevent morphologic transformation assessed in vitro. Pregnant hamsters at 10-11 days of gestation were given injections ip of 3 mg diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/100 g body weight and were killed 2 days later when fetal cells were seeded for colony formation. The frequency of morphologically transformed colonies was assessed after 7 days of growth. Cloning efficiency and mean transformation frequency after DENA exposure were 3.6% and 1 X 10(-4) per cell seeded, respectively. The ip injection of an immunologic hormone preparation reduced the transformation frequency by 46%. The hormone preparation, containing 10,000 U of lymphotoxin but no detectable interferon, was the ultrafiltered lymphokines (greater than 10,000 mol wt) from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated hamster peritoneal leukocytes. The effect of lymphotoxin on cocarcinogenic exposure of fetal cells to DENA in vivo followed by X-irradiation in vitro was also determined. Cells exposed to 250 rad in vitro had a cloning efficiency of 0.5% and a transformation frequency of 0.4 X 10(-4) per cell seeded. After DENA injection and X-irradiation, the transformation frequency increased to 1 X 10(-4) and was inhibited 64% by lymphotoxin in vivo. Thus immunologic hormones (e.g., lymphotoxin) can prevent carcinogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro quantitation of transformation is a rapid means for evaluating therapeutic and autochthonous effector mechanisms for their ability to prevent or otherwise modulate carcinogenesis in vivo

  14. Association between in vivo bone formation and ex vivo migratory capacity of human bone marrow stromal cells

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Rikke K.; Zaher, Walid; Larsen, Kenneth Hauberg

    2015-01-01

    INTRODUCTION: There is a clinical need for developing systemic transplantation protocols for use of human skeletal stem cells (also known bone marrow stromal stem cells) (hBMSC) in tissue regeneration. In systemic transplantation studies, only a limited number of hBMSC home to injured tissues...... populations derived from telomerized hBMSC (hBMSC-TERT) with variable ability to form heterotopic bone when implanted subcutaneously in immune deficient mice. In vitro transwell migration assay was used and the in vivo homing ability of transplanted hBMSC to bone fractures in mice was visualized...... suggesting that only a subpopulation of hBMSC possesses "homing" capacity. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that a subpopulation of hBMSC defined by ability to form heterotopic bone in vivo, is capable of homing to injured bone. METHODS: We tested ex vivo and in vivo homing capacity of a number of clonal cell...

  15. A non-covalent peptide-based strategy for ex vivo and in vivo oligonucleotide delivery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crombez, Laurence; Morris, May C; Heitz, Frederic; Divita, Gilles

    2011-01-01

    The dramatic acceleration in identification of new nucleic acid-based therapeutic molecules such as short interfering RNA (siRNA) and peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) analogues has provided new perspectives for therapeutic targeting of specific genes responsible for pathological disorders. However, the poor cellular uptake of nucleic acids together with the low permeability of the cell membrane to negatively charged molecules remain major obstacles to their clinical development. Several non-viral strategies have been proposed to improve the delivery of synthetic short oligonucleotides both in cultured cells and in vivo. Cell-penetrating peptides constitute very promising tools for non-invasive cellular import of oligonucleotides and analogs. We recently described a non-covalent strategy based on short amphiphatic peptides (MPG8/PEP3) that have been successfully applied ex vivo and in vivo for the delivery of therapeutic siRNA and PNA molecules. PEP3 and MPG8 form stable nanoparticles with PNA analogues and siRNA, respectively, and promote their efficient cellular uptake, independently of the endosomal pathway, into a wide variety of cell lines, including primary and suspension lines, without any associated cytotoxicity. This chapter describes easy-to-handle protocols for the use of MPG-8 or PEP-3-nanoparticle technologies for PNA and siRNA delivery into adherent and suspension cell lines as well as in vivo into cancer mouse models.

  16. Celiac Disease-Specific TG2-Targeted Autoantibodies Inhibit Angiogenesis Ex Vivo and In Vivo in Mice by Interfering with Endothelial Cell Dynamics.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suvi Kalliokoski

    Full Text Available A characteristic feature of celiac disease is the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeted against transglutaminase 2 (TG2, reputed to have a function in angiogenesis. In this study we investigated whether TG2-specific autoantibodies derived from celiac patients inhibit angiogenesis in both ex vivo and in vivo models and sought to clarify the mechanism behind this phenomenon. We used the ex vivo murine aorta-ring and the in vivo mouse matrigel-plug assays to address aforementioned issues. We found angiogenesis to be impaired as a result of celiac disease antibody supplementation in both systems. Our results also showed the dynamics of endothelial cells was affected in the presence of celiac antibodies. In the in vivo angiogenesis assays, the vessels formed were able to transport blood despite impairment of functionality after treatment with celiac autoantibodies, as revealed by positron emission tomography. We conclude that celiac autoantibodies inhibit angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo and impair vascular functionality. Our data suggest that the anti-angiogenic mechanism of the celiac disease-specific autoantibodies involves extracellular TG2 and inhibited endothelial cell mobility.

  17. Celiac Disease–Specific TG2-Targeted Autoantibodies Inhibit Angiogenesis Ex Vivo and In Vivo in Mice by Interfering with Endothelial Cell Dynamics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalliokoski, Suvi; Sulic, Ana-Marija; Korponay-Szabó, Ilma R.; Szondy, Zsuzsa; Frias, Rafael; Perez, Mileidys Alea; Martucciello, Stefania; Roivainen, Anne; Pelliniemi, Lauri J.; Esposito, Carla; Griffin, Martin; Sblattero, Daniele; Mäki, Markku; Kaukinen, Katri; Lindfors, Katri; Caja, Sergio

    2013-01-01

    A characteristic feature of celiac disease is the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeted against transglutaminase 2 (TG2), reputed to have a function in angiogenesis. In this study we investigated whether TG2-specific autoantibodies derived from celiac patients inhibit angiogenesis in both ex vivo and in vivo models and sought to clarify the mechanism behind this phenomenon. We used the ex vivo murine aorta-ring and the in vivo mouse matrigel-plug assays to address aforementioned issues. We found angiogenesis to be impaired as a result of celiac disease antibody supplementation in both systems. Our results also showed the dynamics of endothelial cells was affected in the presence of celiac antibodies. In the in vivo angiogenesis assays, the vessels formed were able to transport blood despite impairment of functionality after treatment with celiac autoantibodies, as revealed by positron emission tomography. We conclude that celiac autoantibodies inhibit angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo and impair vascular functionality. Our data suggest that the anti-angiogenic mechanism of the celiac disease-specific autoantibodies involves extracellular TG2 and inhibited endothelial cell mobility. PMID:23824706

  18. Magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular and cortical bone in mice: comparison of high resolution in vivo and ex vivo MR images with corresponding histology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weber, Michael H.; Sharp, Jonathan C.; Latta, Peter; Sramek, Milos; Hassard, H. Thomas; Orr, F. William

    2005-01-01

    Measurements of bone morphometry and remodeling have been shown to reflect bone strength and can be used to diagnose degenerative bone disease. In this study, in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess trabecular and cortical bone properties have been compared to each other and to histology as a novel means for the quantification of bone. Femurs of C57Bl/6 mice were examined both in vivo and ex vivo on an 11.7 T MRI scanner, followed by histologic processing and morphometry. A thresholding analysis technique was applied to the MRI images to generate contour lines and to delineate the boundaries between bone and marrow. Using MRI, an optimal correlation with histology was obtained with an in vivo longitudinal sectioned short echo time gradient-echo versus an in vivo long echo time spin-echo sequence or an ex vivo pulse sequence. Gradient-echo images were acquired with a maximum in-plane resolution of 35 μm. Our results demonstrated that in both the in vivo and ex vivo data sets, the percent area of marrow increases and percent area of trabecular bone and cortical bone thickness decreases moving from the epiphyseal growth plate to the diaphysis. These changes, observed with MRI, correlate with the histological data. Investigations using in vivo MRI gradient-echo sequences consistently gave the best correlation with histology. Our quantitative evaluation using both ex vivo and in vivo MRI was found to be an effective means to visualize non-invasively the normal variation in trabecular and cortical bone as compared to a histological 'gold standard' The experiments validated in vivo MRI as a potential high resolution technique for investigating both soft tissue, such as marrow, and bone without radiation exposure

  19. Influencia de habitos alimentarios sobre las concentraciones de pesticidas organoclorados en tejido adiposo Influence of alimentary habits on organochlorine concentrations in adipose tissue

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ijoni Costabeber

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Fueron evaluados los niveles de residuos de pesticidas organoclorados (p,p'-DDE, HCB, gamma-HCH, aldrín presentes en 123 muestras de tejido adiposo mamario obtenidas de mujeres residentes en Córdoba (España. Además, se investigó la influencia de hábitos alimentarios y edad de las donantes sobre los niveles de organoclorados encontrados en el tejido. El p,p'-DDE fue el compuesto encontrado en concentraciones más altas (1,848myg/g, seguido de HCB (0,235mg/g, aldrín (0,005myg/g y gamma-HCH (0,003myg/g. Las donantes mayores presentaron niveles de p,p'-DDE, aldrín y HCB superiores que las más jóvenes. Sin embargo, la edad no influyó en los niveles de gamma-HCH. La mayoría de las donantes (40,65% indicaron las frutas como el alimento más consumido, seguido de la alimentación variada (34,15%, los legumbres (6,50%, los guisos y potajes (6,50%, las verduras (4,88%, la leche (3,25%, el pescado (2,44% y la carne (1,63%. Una correlación no significativa fue observada entre los niveles de organoclorados en el tejido adiposo y los hábitos alimentarios de las donantes.The levels of organochlorine pesticide residues (p,p'-DDE, HCB, gamma-HCH, aldrin present in adipose tissue samples from mammary glands of 123 women living in Cordoba (Spain were evaluated. The influence of alimentary habits and age of donors on organochlorine tissue levels was also investigated. The compound found at the highest concentration was p,p'-DDE (1.848mug/g, followed by HCB (0.235mug/g, aldrin (0.005mug/g and gamma-HCH (0.003mg/g. The older donors presented tissue levels of p,p'-DDE, aldrin and HCB higher than those found in younger donors. Conversely, age had no influence on tissue levels of gamma-HCH. The majority of donors (40.65% indicated fruits as the most consumed food, followed by mixed food (34.15%, non-green vegetables (6.50%, stewed meat and vegetables (6.50%, green vegetables (4.88%, milk (3.25%, fish (2.44% and meat (1.63%. No significant correlation was

  20. Aplicaciones del colgajo sural medial en cirugía reconstructiva de cavidad oral y orofaringe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Zubillaga

    2017-01-01

    Conclusiones: El colgajo de perforantes de la arteria sural medial es una excelente opción en la reconstrucción de defectos de la cavidad oral y la orofaringe, proporcionándonos una adecuada adaptabilidad a la zona receptora y una mínima morbilidad de la zona donante.

  1. Fusing in vivo and ex vivo NMR sources of information for brain tumor classification

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Croitor-Sava, A R; Laudadio, T; Sima, D M; Van Huffel, S; Martinez-Bisbal, M C; Celda, B; Piquer, J; Heerschap, A

    2011-01-01

    In this study we classify short echo-time brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data by applying a model-based canonical correlation analyses algorithm and by using, as prior knowledge, multimodal sources of information coming from high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS), MRSI and magnetic resonance imaging. The potential and limitations of fusing in vivo and ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance sources to detect brain tumors is investigated. We present various modalities for multimodal data fusion, study the effect and the impact of using multimodal information for classifying MRSI brain glial tumors data and analyze which parameters influence the classification results by means of extensive simulation and in vivo studies. Special attention is drawn to the possibility of considering HR-MAS data as a complementary dataset when dealing with a lack of MRSI data needed to build a classifier. Results show that HR-MAS information can have added value in the process of classifying MRSI data

  2. Resultados inmediatos y a los 5 años de la cirugía de pacientes portadores de lesión del tronco de la coronaria izquierda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo A. Ahuad Guerrero

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available AntecedentesLa cirugía de revascularización miocárdica se considera hasta el momento el mejor tratamiento para los pacientes portadores de enfermedad del tronco de la coronaria izquierda (TCI; pese a ello existen pocos datos locales que comuniquen los resultados de esta cirugía.ObjetivosDescribir los resultados inmediatos y a los 5 años de una serie de cirugías coronarias en pacientes con lesiones del TCI.Material y métodosEn el período 2003-2007 se estudiaron 174 cirugías coronarias del TCI realizadas en forma consecutiva en tres servicios quirúrgicos asociados. Se analizaron los resultados quirúrgicos a los 30 días y en el seguimiento hasta 5 años, en los que se tuvieron en cuenta la mortalidad de causa cardiovascular y por otras causas, los eventos cardiovasculares mayores, la necesidad de nueva revascularización y la supervivencia libre de síntomas. Las curvas se compararon con la supervivencia esperada para el mismo grupo de edad y sexo.ResultadosEl 90,8% de los pacientes tuvieron lesiones múltiples. La mortalidad a los 30 días fue del 4,0%, similar a la esperada según el EuroSCORE (6,4%, OR = 0,62, IC 95% 0,21-1,78; p = 0,333, y los eventos cardiovasculares mayores incluyeron 2,9% de infarto y 1,7% de accidente cerebrovascular (ACV. El seguimiento fue de 506 pacientes-años (12 a 60 meses e involucró al 91% de los pacientes. Al considerar la mortalidad cardiovascular, la supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 83,7%, similar a la esperada en la población general. La supervivencia en el mismo plazo descendió al 77,6% cuando se computaron todas las causas de muerte (p = 0,436. La supervivencia a los 5 años libre de angina y de nueva revascularización fue del 72,2% y del 88,1%, respectivamente.ConclusionesEn este estudio observacional de pacientes operados con lesión del TCI se demostró una mortalidad quirúrgica algo inferior a la calculada con el EuroSCORE y una tasa de ACV e infarto de entre el 1,7% y el 2,9%. El

  3. Conflicto y crecimiento: la configuración y supervivencia del estado fallido en Sudán | Conflict and growth: the configuration and survival of the failed state in Sudan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aleksi YLÖNEN

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Sudán ha sufrido varios conflictos en su periferia desde 1955, solo contando con un periodo relativamente pacífico de una década en 1972-1983. Sin embargo, a pesar de sus conflictos regionales el Estado sudanés excluyente ha sobrevivido hasta hoy. Su supervivencia ha sido posible no sólo por las prestaciones económicas que acompañan el reconocimiento internacional, sino también por la intervención externa por parte de otros estados y actores privados. Este artículo pretende explicar cómo se configuró Sudán como una entidad política, y cómo una élite árabe-musulmana ha conseguido construir y mantener el estado excluyente lo suficientemente fuerte como para combatir los desafíos que se presentan desde la periferia. El artículo también señala cómo la relación que ha mantenido el Estado sudanés con actores internacionales le ha permitido sobrevivir a pesar de prolonga dos periodos de conflictos armados regionales.  Sudan has suffered many periphery conflicts since its independence in 1955, enjoying only one relatively pacific decade from 1972 to 1983. In spite of its regional conflicts, however, the Sudanese state has survived till today. This has been possible not only because of the economic assistance that accompanies its international recognition, but also because of the foreign intervention by other states and private actors. This article aims to explain the configuration of Sudan as a political entity, and how an Arab-Muslim elite has managed to build and maintain the marginalizing state strong enough to fight the challenges arising at its periphery. The article also elucidates how the relationship between the Sudanese state and international actors has allowed for its survival in spite of prolonged periods of regional armed struggle.

  4. Sobre las condiciones suficientes para los tiempos de reposición en un modelo de inventario determinístico con tasa de demanda no constante

    OpenAIRE

    Carmona López, Jamer Robinson

    2008-01-01

    Desde el inicio de las primeras sociedades el hombre ha sentido la necesidad de tener conocimiento de sus pertenencias y tener control de los recursos que posee, con el objetivo de resolver problemas que pueden suceder en cuanto a escasez o agotamiento, los cuales traen consigo consecuencias que serán perjudiciales para su supervivencia en una de tales sociedades. También asociado a la supervivencia el interés de los individuos radica en aumentar su riqueza. He allí la importancia de hacer un...

  5. 3D thoracoscopic ultrasound volume measurement validation in an ex vivo and in vivo porcine model of lung tumours

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hornblower, V D M; Yu, E; Fenster, A; Battista, J J; Malthaner, R A

    2007-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy and reliability of volume measurements obtained using three-dimensional (3D) thoracoscopic ultrasound (US) imaging. Artificial 'tumours' were created by injecting a liquid agar mixture into spherical moulds of known volume. Once solidified, the 'tumours' were implanted into the lung tissue in both a porcine lung sample ex vivo and a surgical porcine model in vivo. 3D US images were created by mechanically rotating the thoracoscopic ultrasound probe about its long axis while the transducer was maintained in close contact with the tissue. Volume measurements were made by one observer using the ultrasound images and a manual-radial segmentation technique and these were compared with the known volumes of the agar. In vitro measurements had average accuracy and precision of 4.76% and 1.77%, respectively; in vivo measurements had average accuracy and precision of 8.18% and 1.75%, respectively. The 3D thoracoscopic ultrasound can be used to accurately and reproducibly measure 'tumour' volumes both in vivo and ex vivo

  6. 3D thoracoscopic ultrasound volume measurement validation in an ex vivo and in vivo porcine model of lung tumours

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hornblower, V D M [Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ontario (Canada); Yu, E [Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ontario (Canada); Fenster, A [Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ontario (Canada); Battista, J J [Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ontario (Canada); Malthaner, R A [Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ontario (Canada)

    2007-01-07

    The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy and reliability of volume measurements obtained using three-dimensional (3D) thoracoscopic ultrasound (US) imaging. Artificial 'tumours' were created by injecting a liquid agar mixture into spherical moulds of known volume. Once solidified, the 'tumours' were implanted into the lung tissue in both a porcine lung sample ex vivo and a surgical porcine model in vivo. 3D US images were created by mechanically rotating the thoracoscopic ultrasound probe about its long axis while the transducer was maintained in close contact with the tissue. Volume measurements were made by one observer using the ultrasound images and a manual-radial segmentation technique and these were compared with the known volumes of the agar. In vitro measurements had average accuracy and precision of 4.76% and 1.77%, respectively; in vivo measurements had average accuracy and precision of 8.18% and 1.75%, respectively. The 3D thoracoscopic ultrasound can be used to accurately and reproducibly measure 'tumour' volumes both in vivo and ex vivo.

  7. Formulation Optimization and Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation of Celecoxib Microemulsion-Based Gel for Transdermal Delivery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Mengyuan; Ren, Lili; Chen, Guoguang

    2017-08-01

    Celecoxib (CXB) is a poorly aqueous solubility sulfonamide non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Hence, the formulation of CXB was selected for solubilization and bioavailability. To find out suitable formulation for microemulsion, the solubility of CXB in triacetin (oil phase), Tween 80 (surfactant), and Transcutol-P (co-surfactant) was screened respectively and optimized by using orthogonal experimental design. The Km value and concentration of oil, S mix , and water were confirmed by pseudo-ternary phase diagram studies and central composite design. One percent carbopol 934 was added to form CXB microemulsion-based gel. The final formulation was evaluated for its appearance, pH, viscosity, stability, drug content determination, globule size, and zeta potential. Its ex vivo drug permeation and the in vivo pharmacokinetic was investigated. Further research was performed to ensure the safety and validity by skin irritation study and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity study. Ex vivo permeation study in mice was designed to compare permeation and transdermal ability between microemulsion formulation and conventional gel. The results revealed that optimized microemulsion-based gel gained higher permeation based on smaller globule size and high drug loading of microemulsion. Transdermal ability was also greatly improved. Bioavailability was compared to market Celebrex® by the in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits. The results indicated that CXB microemulsion-based gel had better bioavailability than Celebrex®.

  8. Muscle-Driven In Vivo Nanogenerator

    KAUST Repository

    Li, Zhou

    2010-05-05

    (Figure Presented) A nanogenerator based on a single piezoelectric fine wire producing an alternating current (AC) is successfully used for the harvesting of biomechanical energy under in vivo conditions. We demonstrate the implanting and working of such a nanogenerator in a live rat where it harvests energy generated by its breathing or heart beating. This study shows the potential of applying these nanogenerators for driving in vivo nanodevices. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KCaA, Weinheim.

  9. Clinical application of sentinel lymph node mapping in colon cancer: in vivo vs. ex vivo techniques.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oh, Seung Yeop; Kim, Do Yoon; Kim, Young Bae; Suh, Kwang Wook

    2014-09-01

    Clinical usefulness of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in colorectal cancer remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the SLN mapping technique using serial sectioning, and to compare the results between ex vivo and in vivo techniques. From February 2011 to October 2012, 34 colon cancer patients underwent SLN mapping during surgical resection. Eleven patients were analyzed with the in vivo method, and 23 patients with the ex vivo method. Patient characteristics and results of SLN mapping were evaluated. The SLN mapping was performed in 34 patients. Mean age was 67.3 years (range, 44-81 years). Primary tumors were located in the following sites: 13 in the right colon (38.2%) and 21 in the left colon (61.8%). SLN mapping was performed successfully in 88.2% of the patients. There was no significant difference in the identification rate between the two methods (90.9% vs. 87.0%, P = 1.000). Both the mapping methods showed a low sensitivity and high rate of skip metastasis. This study showed that SLN evaluation using serial sectioning could not predict the nodal status with clinically acceptable accuracy despite the high detection rate.

  10. In-vivo optical investigation of psoriasis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kapsokalyvas, Dimitrios; Cicchi, Riccardo; Bruscino, Nicola; Alfieri, Domenico; Massi, Daniela; Lotti, Torello; Pavone, Francesco S.

    2011-03-01

    Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by hyperkeratosis, hyperproliferation of the epidermis, inflammatory cell accumulation and increased dilatation of dermal papillary blood vessels. Cases of psoriasis were investigated in vivo with optical means in order to evaluate the potential of in vivo optical biopsy. A Polarization Multispectral Dermoscope was employed for the macroscopic observation. Features such as the 'dotted' blood vessels pattern was observed with high contrast. The average size of dot vessels in Psoriasis was measured to be 974 μm2 which is much higher compared to healthy skin. High resolution image sections of the epidermis and the dermis were produced with a custom made Multiphoton Microscope. Imaging extended from the surface of the lesion down to the papillary dermis, at a depth of 200 μm. In the epidermis, a characteristic morphology of the stratum corneum found only in Psoriasis was revealed. Additionally, the cytoplasmic area of the cells in the stratum spinosum layer was found to be smaller than normal. In the dermis the morphological features were more pronounced, where the elongated dermal papillae dominated the papillary layer. Their length exceeds 100μm, which is a far greater value compared to that of healthy skin. These in vivo observations are consistent with the ex vivo histopathological observations, supporting both the applicability and potentiality of multispectral dermoscopy and multiphoton microscopy in the field of in vivo optical investigation and biopsy of skin.

  11. Passive in vivo elastography from skeletal muscle noise

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sabra, Karim G.; Conti, Stephane; Roux, Philippe; Kuperman, W. A.

    2007-01-01

    Measuring the in vivo elastic properties of muscles (e.g., stiffness) provides a means for diagnosing and monitoring muscular activity. The authors demonstrated a passive in vivo elastography technique without an active external radiation source. This technique instead uses cross correlations of contracting skeletal muscle noise recorded with skin-mounted sensors. Each passive sensor becomes a virtual in vivo shear wave source. The results point to a low-cost, noninvasive technique for monitoring biomechanical in vivo muscle properties. The efficacy of the passive elastography technique originates from the high density of cross paths between all sensor pairs, potentially achieving the same sensitivity obtained from active elastography methods

  12. Desafío con wssv bajo fluctuaciones de temperatura

    OpenAIRE

    Sonnenholzner, Stanislaus

    2002-01-01

    Desafío con WSSV bajo fluctuaciones de temperatura En trabajos anteriores sobre el efecto de la temperatura del agua sobre la supervivencia del camarón infectado con el virus de la Mancha Blanca, se demostró que una temperatura constante de 33ºC por 8 días genera una respuesta inmune en el camarón correlacionada a una supervivencia superior al 90%, lo cual se tradujo posteriormente en una propuesta práctica de cultivo de camarón en estanques con invernaderos, actualmente en evaluación e...

  13. Incidencia, pronóstico y evolución clínica, inmunológica y virológica de las infecciones oportunistas del sistema nervioso central en pacientes con infección por VIH en la era del tratamiento antirretroviral de alta eficacia. Relación con el síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmunológica

    OpenAIRE

    Riveiro Barciela, María del Mar

    2012-01-01

    Després de la introducció de la teràpia antirretroviral d'alta eficàcia, s'ha objectivat a l'hospital vall d'hebron, una disminució progressiva de la incidencia de les principals infeccions oportunistes del sistema nerviós central (toxoplasmosis, meningitis tuberculosa, meningitis criptococócica i de la leucoencefalopatia multifocal progresiva-LMP). La supervivencia global d'aquestes infeccions va ser de 2 mesos, sent la de pitjor pronòstic la LMP, l'estimació de supervivencia de la qual als ...

  14. Factores pronósticos en el tratamiento adyuvante del cáncer de vejiga

    OpenAIRE

    Pardo Aranda, Nuria

    2013-01-01

    El cáncer de vejiga es el cuarto tumor más frecuente en hombres. En este estudio se recogen 70 pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma urotelial resecables en el Hospital Germans Trias y Pujol(1994 -2011). El objetivo es analizar que factores pronósticos determinan la realización del tratamiento adyuvante.La edad fue un factor pronóstico: menores de 70 años alcanzaban una mediana de supervivencia de 77 meses.Pacientes sin afectación ganglionar tenían una mediana de supervivencia de 77 meses fre...

  15. Physiological and Molecular Effects of in vivo and ex vivo Mild Skin Barrier Disruption.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pfannes, Eva K B; Weiss, Lina; Hadam, Sabrina; Gonnet, Jessica; Combardière, Béhazine; Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike; Vogt, Annika

    2018-01-01

    The success of topically applied treatments on skin relies on the efficacy of skin penetration. In order to increase particle or product penetration, mild skin barrier disruption methods can be used. We previously described cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping as an efficient method to open hair follicles, enhance particle penetration, and activate Langerhans cells. We conducted ex vivo and in vivo measurements on human skin to characterize the biological effect and quantify barrier disruption-related inflammation on a molecular level. Despite the known immunostimulatory effects, this barrier disruption and hair follicle opening method was well accepted and did not result in lasting changes of skin physiological parameters, cytokine production, or clinical side effects. Only in ex vivo human skin did we find a discrete increase in IP-10, TGF-β, IL-8, and GM-CSF mRNA. The data underline the safety profile of this method and demonstrate that the procedure per se does not cause substantial inflammation or skin damage, which is also of interest when applied to non-invasive sampling of biomarkers in clinical trials. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  16. Defining human mesenchymal stem cell efficacy in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lennon Donald P

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs can suppress graft versus host disease (GvHD and have profound anti-inflammatory and regenerative capacity in stroke, infarct, spinal cord injury, meniscus regeneration, tendinitis, acute renal failure, and heart disease in human and animal models of disease. There is significant clinical hMSC variability in efficacy and the ultimate response in vivo. The challenge in hMSC based therapy is defining the efficacy of hMSC in vivo. Models which may provide insight into hMSC bioactivity in vivo would provide a means to distinguish hMSCs for clinical utility. hMSC function has been described as both regenerative and trophic through the production of bioactive factors. The regenerative component involves the multi-potentiality of hMSC progenitor differentiation. The secreted factors generated by the hMSCs are milieu and injury specific providing unique niches for responses in vivo. These bioactive factors are anti-scarring, angiogenic, anti-apoptotic as well as regenerative. Further, from an immunological standpoint, hMSC's can avoid host immune response, providing xenographic applications. To study the in vivo immuno-regulatory effectiveness of hMSCs, we used the ovalbumin challenge model of acute asthma. This is a quick 3 week in vivo pulmonary inflammation model with readily accessible ways of measuring effectiveness of hMSCs. Our data show that there is a direct correlation between the traditional ceramic cube score to hMSCs attenuation of cellular recruitment due to ovalbumin challenge. The results from these studies verify the in vivo immuno-modulator effectiveness of hMSCs and support the potential use of the ovalbumin model as an in vivo model of hMSC potency and efficacy. Our data also support future directions toward exploring hMSCs as an alternative therapeutic for the treatment of airway inflammation associated with asthma.

  17. Computational design of in vivo biomarkers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Somogyi, Bálint; Gali, Adam

    2014-01-01

    Fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (or quantum dots) are very promising agents for bioimaging applications because their optical properties are superior compared to those of conventional organic dyes. However, not all the properties of these quantum dots suit the stringent criteria of in vivo applications, i.e. their employment in living organisms that might be of importance in therapy and medicine. In our review, we first summarize the properties of an ‘ideal’ biomarker needed for in vivo applications. Despite recent efforts, no such hand-made fluorescent quantum dot exists that may be considered as ‘ideal’ in this respect. We propose that ab initio atomistic simulations with predictive power can be used to design ‘ideal’ in vivo fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles. We briefly review such ab initio methods that can be applied to calculate the electronic and optical properties of very small nanocrystals, with extra emphasis on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT which are the most suitable approaches for the description of these systems. Finally, we present our recent results on this topic where we investigated the applicability of nanodiamonds and silicon carbide nanocrystals for in vivo bioimaging. (topical review)

  18. In vivo X-ray fluorescence analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahlgren, L.

    1980-02-01

    Measurements on five occupationally exposed persons have shown that it is possible to use X-ray fluorescence analysis for in vivo measurements of lead in the skeleton. The technique for calibrating in vivo X-ray fluorescence measurements of lead in bone tissue has been studied in detail and a two-component phantom simulating the bone and the soft tissue parts of the finger constructed. The technique has been used for in vivo measurements on 22 occupationally exposed persons. The minimum detectable concentration of lead in fingerbones was found to be around 20 μg x g -1 . The lead concentrations in their skeletons and blood were compared: the correlation was poor. The variations in lead concentrations in the skeleton have been studied in occupationally exposed persons and in samples from archaeological skeletons. The sensitivity and the minimum detectable concentration of cadmium in the kidney cortex in in vivo measurements has been studied by measurements on kidney models. The minimum detectable concentration was 20 μg x g -1 at a skin-kidney distance of 30 mm and 40 μg x g -1 at 40 mm. Five persons occupationally exposed were studied. (Author)

  19. Imaging of prostate cancer: a platform for 3D co-registration of in-vivo MRI ex-vivo MRI and pathology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Orczyk, Clément; Mikheev, Artem; Rosenkrantz, Andrew; Melamed, Jonathan; Taneja, Samir S.; Rusinek, Henry

    2012-02-01

    Objectives: Multi-parametric MRI is emerging as a promising method for prostate cancer diagnosis. prognosis and treatment planning. However, the localization of in-vivo detected lesions and pathologic sites of cancer remains a significant challenge. To overcome this limitation we have developed and tested a system for co-registration of in-vivo MRI, ex-vivo MRI and histology. Materials and Methods: Three men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (ages 54-72, PSA levels 5.1-7.7 ng/ml) were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients underwent 3T multi-parametric MRI that included T2W, DCEMRI, and DWI prior to robotic-assisted prostatectomy. Ex-vivo multi-parametric MRI was performed on fresh prostate specimen. Excised prostates were then sliced at regular intervals and photographed both before and after fixation. Slices were perpendicular to the main axis of the posterior capsule, i.e., along the direction of the rectal wall. Guided by the location of the urethra, 2D digital images were assembled into 3D models. Cancer foci, extra-capsular extensions and zonal margins were delineated by the pathologist and included in 3D histology data. A locally-developed software was applied to register in-vivo, ex-vivo and histology using an over-determined set of anatomical landmarks placed in anterior fibro-muscular stroma, central. transition and peripheral zones. The mean root square distance across corresponding control points was used to assess co-registration error. Results: Two specimens were pT3a and one pT2b (negative margin) at pathology. The software successfully fused invivo MRI. ex-vivo MRI fresh specimen and histology using appropriate (rigid and affine) transformation models with mean square error of 1.59 mm. Coregistration accuracy was confirmed by multi-modality viewing using operator-guided variable transparency. Conclusion: The method enables successful co-registration of pre-operative MRI, ex-vivo MRI and pathology and it provides initial evidence

  20. ANONIMATO DEL PROGENITOR Y DERECHO A LA IDENTIDAD DEL HIJO: DECISIONES JUDICIALES ENCONTRADAS SOBRE RESERVA DE IDENTIDAD EN LOS CASOS DE MADRE SOLTERA Y DONANTE DE ESPERMA Anonymity of genetic parents and the children's right to know own biological identity: Opossed judicial decisions about the secrecy of identity in the cases of single mother and sperm donors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Duran Rivacoba

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo discute las soluciones que han dado en España el Tribunal Supremo y el Tribunal Constitucional a casos en los que se ven enfrentados la facultad de mantener el anonimato del progenitor y el derecho del hijo a conocer su identidad biológica. Se confronta la decisión del Tribunal Supremo de declarar inconstitucionales las normas legales que permiten a la madre no matrimonial resguardar su anonimato, con la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional, emitida pocos meses antes, que declara constitucionalmente legítimo el anomimato del donante de esperma en el contexto de la aplicación de una técnica de reproducción humana asistida. Se argumenta en contra de ambas soluciones, sobre la base de que en la primera el anonimato materno cumple una función dirigida no directamente a proteger a la madre, sino a proteger al niño frente a un posible aborto o infanticidio por lo que el derecho a la identidad debe ser moderado. Para ilustrar la conveniencia y viabilidad de este razonamiento se hace un amplio análisis del caso "Odiévre" por el que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos concluyó que el sistema francés de reserva de la identidad de la madre no era contrario al Convenio Europeo. En cambio, se critica la solución del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el donante de esperma por sobredimensionar el derecho a la intimidad del progenitor en desmedro del interés del hijo. La puesta en contraste de estas soluciones permite constatar que la madre, que contaba con medidas de apoyo en concretas situaciones que pudieran poner en riesgo la vida del hijo, las pierde; mientras el padre que, a partir de la reforma del año 1981 que impuso la libertad de investigación de la paternidad, había perdido sus antiguos privilegios, se ve beneficiado de la misma dispensa que ahora se niega para la madre.The present paper discuss the solutions that Spain's Constitutional Tribunal and Spain's Supreme Court have issued in filiation cases, in which the

  1. In vitro-in vivo correlation in skin permeation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohammed, D; Matts, P J; Hadgraft, J; Lane, M E

    2014-02-01

    In vitro skin permeation studies have been used extensively in the development and optimisation of delivery of actives in vivo. However, there are few reported correlations of such in vitro studies with in vivo data. The aim of this study was to investigate the skin permeation of a model active, niacinamide, both in vitro and in vivo. Conventional diffusion cell studies were conducted in human skin to determine niacinamide permeation from a range of vehicles which included dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), propylene glycol (PG), propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML), N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Miglyol 812N® (MG), and mineral oil (MO). Single, binary or ternary systems were examined. The same vehicles were subsequently examined to investigate niacinamide delivery in vivo. For this proof-of-concept study one donor was used for the in vitro studies and one volunteer for the in vivo investigations to minimise biovariability. Analysis of in vitro samples was conducted using HPLC and in vivo uptake of niacinamide was evaluated using Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS). The amount of niacinamide permeated through skin in vitro was linearly proportional to the intensity of the niacinamide signal determined in the stratum corneum in vivo. A good correlation was observed between the signal intensities of selected vehicles and niacinamide signal intensity. The findings provide further support for the use of CRS to monitor drug delivery into and across the skin. In addition, the results highlight the critical role of the vehicle and its disposition in skin for effective dermal delivery.

  2. Cirugía reparadora de la válvula tricúspide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Cañas Cañas

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available La enfermedad quirúrgica de la válvula tricúspide (VT ha suscitado en el pasado menos atención que las valvulopatías izquierdas por el largo periodo de latencia de síntomas y el carácter secundario de su etiología, a pesar de las limitaciones que la insuficiencia tricúspide (IT grave supone en términos de supervivencia y calidad de vida. La indicación de la reparación engloba cada vez un mayor número de pacientes, dada la mejoría de la supervivencia y de la supervivencia libre de eventos que representa con respecto al tratamiento médico o a la sustitución por prótesis. En el presente artículo se revisan las principales técnicas quirúrgicas de reparación tricúspide, con especial hincapié en la anuloplastia con anillo en casos de IT por dilatación anular secundaria, que suponen más del 90% de nuestra práctica asistencial.

  3. La Supervivencia del Gran Periodismo Financiero

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calvo Gutiérrez, Elvira

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available En español: Tradicionalmente, el periodismo económico internacional ha tenido en los grupos anglosajones Dow Jones (EE.UU. y Pearson (Gran Bretaña, editores de The Wall Street y Financial Times respectivamente, sus grandes referentes mundiales. Sin embargo, el nuevo siglo ha traído enormes convulsiones al sector de las que no se han librado ni los periódicos de élite ni las grandes agencias especializadas en información económica como Reuters, Thomson o Bloomberg. A la batalla en Internet, se suman la expansión del poder informativo económico y los cambios de mentalidad tanto de las empresas como de las audiencias. Todo ello ha derivado en una guerra encarnizada, protagonizada por los grandes líderes que, con más de un siglo de tradición algunos, han sido objeto de ventas o fusiones, operaciones financieras imprescindibles para poder adaptarse a los nuevos tiempos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la trayectoria del gran periodismo económico, con especial dedicación a dos frentes: uno, conocer cómo se están posicionando estos periódicos de élite en la red; otro, la disyuntiva entre continuar siendo un periodismo de calidad, riguroso, cosmopolita y caro de mantener, o cambiar hacia un periodismo ideológico, truculento o amarillista que, como en otras especialidades, también se ha extendido entre el periodismo financiero. In english: Traditionally, the economic international journalism has had in the Anglo-Saxon groups Dow Jones (USA and Pearson (Great Britain, publishers of The Wall Street and Financial Times respectively, his big world models. Nevertheless, the new century has brought enormous convulsions to the sector, to the newspapaers of elite and big agencies specialized in economic information as Reuters, Thomson or Bloomberg. To the battle in Internet, there add the expansion of the informative economic power and the changes of mentality of the companies and of the audiences. All this has derived in a fierce war led by the big leaders who, with more than one century of tradition someones, have been object of sales or mergers, financial indispensable operations to be able to adapt to the new times. The aim of this article is to analyze the path of the great economic journalism, with special dedication to two fronts: one, to know how these neswspapers of elite are positioned in the network; other one, the dilemma between continuing being a journalism of quality, rigorous, cosmopolitan and expensive of supporting, or to change towards an ideological, gruesome journalism or amarillista that, since in other specialities, also has spread between the financial journalism.

  4. Combined in vivo and ex vivo analysis of mesh mechanics in a porcine hernia model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kahan, Lindsey G; Lake, Spencer P; McAllister, Jared M; Tan, Wen Hui; Yu, Jennifer; Thompson, Dominic; Brunt, L Michael; Blatnik, Jeffrey A

    2018-02-01

    Hernia meshes exhibit variability in mechanical properties, and their mechanical match to tissue has not been comprehensively studied. We used an innovative imaging model of in vivo strain tracking and ex vivo mechanical analysis to assess effects of mesh properties on repaired abdominal walls in a porcine model. We hypothesized that meshes with dissimilar mechanical properties compared to native tissue would alter abdominal wall mechanics more than better-matched meshes. Seven mini-pigs underwent ventral hernia creation and subsequent open repair with one of two heavyweight polypropylene meshes. Following mesh implantation with attached radio-opaque beads, fluoroscopic images were taken at insufflation pressures from 5 to 30 mmHg on postoperative days 0, 7, and 28. At 28 days, animals were euthanized and ex vivo mechanical testing performed on full-thickness samples across repaired abdominal walls. Testing was conducted on 13 mini-pig controls, and on meshes separately. Stiffness and anisotropy (the ratio of stiffness in the transverse versus craniocaudal directions) were assessed. 3D reconstructions of repaired abdominal walls showed stretch patterns. As pressure increased, both meshes expanded, with no differences between groups. Over time, meshes contracted 17.65% (Mesh A) and 0.12% (Mesh B; p = 0.06). Mesh mechanics showed that Mesh A deviated from anisotropic native tissue more than Mesh B. Compared to native tissue, Mesh A was stiffer both transversely and craniocaudally. Explanted repaired abdominal walls of both treatment groups were stiffer than native tissue. Repaired tissue became less anisotropic over time, as mesh properties prevailed over native abdominal wall properties. This technique assessed 3D stretch at the mesh level in vivo in a porcine model. While the abdominal wall expanded, mesh-ingrown areas contracted, potentially indicating stresses at mesh edges. Ex vivo mechanics demonstrate that repaired tissue adopts mesh properties, suggesting

  5. Ex vivo and in vivo coherent Raman imaging of the peripheral and central nervous system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huff, Terry Brandon

    A hallmark of nervous system disorders is damage or degradation of the myelin sheath. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying myelin degeneration and repair represent one of the great challenges in medicine. This thesis work details the development and utilization of advanced optical imaging methods to gain insight into the structure and function of myelin in both healthy and diseased states in the in vivo environment. This first part of this thesis discusses ex vivo studies of the effects of high-frequency stimulation of spinal tissues on the structure of the node of Ranvier as investigated by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging (manuscript submitted to Journal of Neurosciece). Reversible paranodal myelin retraction at the nodes of Ranvier was observed during 200 Hz electrical stimulation, beginning minutes after the onset and continuing for up to 10 min after stimulation was ceased. A mechanistic study revealed a Ca2+ dependent pathway: high-frequency stimulation induced paranodal myelin retraction via pathologic calcium influx into axons, calpain activation, and cytoskeleton degradation through spectrin break-down. Also, the construction of dual-scanning CARS microscope for large area mapping of CNS tissues is detailed (Optics Express, 2008, 16:19396-193409). A confocal scanning head equipped with a rotating polygon mirror provides high speed, high resolution imaging and is coupled with a motorized sample stage to generate high-resolution large-area images of mouse brain coronal section and guinea pig spinal cord cross section. The polygon mirror decreases the mosaic acquisition time significantly without reducing the resolution of individual images. The ex vivo studies are then extended to in vivo imaging of mouse sciatic nerve tissue by CARS and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging (Journal of Microscopy, 2007, 225: 175-182). Following a minimally invasive surgery to open the skin, CARS imaging of myelinated axons and SHG imaging of the

  6. Avaliação e recondicionamento pulmonar ex vivo Ex vivo lung evaluation and reconditioning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Manuel Pêgo-Fernandes

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Apenas 15% dos pulmões doados são aproveitados para transplante. Um novo método de Perfusão Pulmonar Ex Vivo (PPEV foi desenvolvido e pode ser usado para avaliação e recondicionamento de pulmões "marginais" e rejeitados para o transplante. Esse trabalho relata nossa experiência com a avaliação funcional da PPEV. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados pulmões de 12 doadores considerados inapropriados para transplante pulmonar. Após a captação, os pulmões são perfundidos ex vivo com Steen Solution, uma solução de composição eletrolítica extracelular com alta pressão coloidosmótica. Um oxigenador de membrana ligado ao circuito recebe uma mistura gasosa (nitrogênio e dióxido de carbono e "desoxigena" o perfusato, mantendo uma concentração de gases semelhante a do sangue venoso. Os pulmões são gradualmente aquecidos, perfundidos e ventilados. A avaliação dos órgãos é feita por gasometrias e medidas como a resistência vascular pulmonar (RVP e complacência pulmonar (CP. RESULTADOS: A PaO2 (FiO2 100% passou de um valor médio de 193,3 mmHg no doador para 495,3 mmHg durante a PPEV. Após uma hora de PPEV, a RVP média era de 737,3 dinas/seg/ cm5 e a CP era de 42,2 ml/cmH2O. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo de avaliação pulmonar ex vivo pode melhorar a capacidade de oxigenação de pulmões "marginais" inicialmente rejeitados para transplante. Isso denota um grande potencial do método para aumentar a disponibilidade de pulmões para transplante e, possivelmente, reduzir o tempo de espera nas filas.OBJECTIVE: Only about 15% of the potential candidates for lung donation are considered suitable for transplantation. A new method for ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP has been developed and can be used for evaluation and reconditioning of "marginal" and unacceptable lungs. This is a report of functional evaluation experience with ex vivo perfusion of twelve donor lungs deemed unacceptable in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: After harvesting, the

  7. In Vivo Production of Entomopathogenic Nematodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shapiro-Ilan, David I; Morales-Ramos, Juan A; Rojas, M Guadalupe

    2016-01-01

    In nature, entomopathogenic nematodes in the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are obligate parasites of insects. The nematodes are used widely as biopesticides for suppression of insect pests. More than a dozen entomopathogenic nematode species have been commercialized for use in biological control. Most nematodes intended for commercial application are produced in artificial media via solid or liquid fermentation. However, for laboratory research and small greenhouse or field trials, in vivo production of entomopathogenic nematodes is the common method of propagation. Additionally, small companies continue to produce nematodes using in vivo methods for application in niche markets. Advances in mechanization and alternative production routes (e.g., production geared toward application of nematodes in infected host cadavers) can improve efficiency and economy of scale. The objective of this chapter is to describe basic and advanced procedures for in vivo production of entomopathogenic nematodes.

  8. Radio-marking and in vivo imagery of oligonucleotides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuehnast, Bertrand

    2000-01-01

    This research thesis is part of activities aimed at the development of new molecules like oligonucleotides. Its first objective was the development and validation of a marking method with fluorine-18 of oligonucleotides for their in-vivo pharmacological assessment with positron emission tomography (PET). Further investigations addressed the use of iodine-125 for oligonucleotide marking purpose. This radio-marking, and in vivo and ex vivo imagery techniques are described, and their potential is highlighted for the pharmacological assessment of different oligonucleotides

  9. In Vivo Monitoring Program Manual, PNL-MA-574

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lynch, Timothy P.

    2010-07-01

    An overview of the administration for the In Vivo Monitoring Program (IVMP) for Hanford. This includes organizational structure and program responsibilities; coordination of in vivo measurements; scheduling measurements; performing measurements; reporting results; and quality assurance. Overall responsibility for the management of the IVMP rests with the Program Manager (PM). The PM is responsible for providing the required in vivo counting services for Hanford Site contractor employees in accordance with Department of Energy (DOE) requirements and the specific statements of work.

  10. Diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con leucemia y transplantados de médula osea, mediante ditogenética molecular (FISH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gonzálo Vásquez Palacio

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Tanto la citogenética convencional como la molecular en el estudio de los desórdenes hematológicos constituyen metodologías fundamentales para el diagnóstico y pronóstico de la enfermedad, así como para el seguimiento de la quimioterapia o transplantes de donantes de sexo diferente.

  11. 149. Uso del oxigenador de membrana extracorpórea en el perioperatorio de trasplante pulmonar. Análisis de dos casos en nuestro centro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.A. Fernández-Divar

    2012-04-01

    Conclusiones: El sistema ECMO es una herramienta válida para sustituir la CEC y disminuir sus riesgos en el trasplante pulmonar. Se puede mantener ECMO durante el postoperatorio precoz, sobre todo si se trata de pulmones de donante subóptimo o en casos de receptores de riesgo, especialmente aquellos con hipertensión pulmonar grave.

  12. Politicas de las ONGs Europeas para America Latina: Tendencias y Perspectives Recientes

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    K. Biekart (Kees)

    2005-01-01

    textabstractIntroducción: Durante la década pasada han tenido lugar en América latina algunos cambios que han afectado gradualmente las prioridades y las políticas de ayuda de la comunidad internacional de donantes. El impacto de la globalización, la crisis de la ortodoxia neoliberal (véase la

  13. Measuring in-vivo and in-situ ex-vivo the 3D deformation of the lamina cribrosa microstructure under elevated intraocular pressure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wei, Junchao; Yang, Bin; Voorhees, Andrew P.; Tran, Huong; Brazile, Bryn; Wang, Bo; Schuman, Joel; Smith, Matthew A.; Wollstein, Gadi; Sigal, Ian A.

    2018-02-01

    Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) deforms the lamina cribrosa (LC), a structure within the optic nerve head (ONH) in the back of the eye. Evidence suggests that these deformations trigger events that eventually cause irreversible blindness, and have therefore been studied in-vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ex-vivo using OCT and a diversity of techniques. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no in-situ ex-vivo studies of LC mechanics. Our goal was two-fold: to introduce a technique for measuring 3D LC deformations from OCT, and to determine whether deformations of the LC induced by elevated IOP differ between in-vivo and in-situ ex-vivo conditions. A healthy adult rhesus macaque monkey was anesthetized and IOP was controlled by inserting a 27- gauge needle into the anterior chamber of the eye. Spectral domain OCT was used to obtain volumetric scans of the ONH at normal and elevated IOPs. To improve the visibility of the LC microstructure the scans were first processed using a novel denoising technique. Zero-normalized cross-correlation was used to find paired corresponding locations between images. For each location pair, the components of the 3D strain tensor were determined using non-rigid image registration. A mild IOP elevation from 10 to 15mmHg caused LC effective strains as large as 3%, and about 50% larger in-vivo than in-situ ex-vivo. The deformations were highly heterogeneous, with substantial 3D components, suggesting that accurate measurement of LC microstructure deformation requires high-resolution volumes. This technique will help improve understanding of LC biomechanics and how IOP contributes to glaucoma.

  14. The correlation of in vivo and ex vivo tissue dielectric properties to validate electromagnetic breast imaging: initial clinical experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Halter, Ryan J; Zhou, Tian; Meaney, Paul M; Hartov, Alex; Barth, Richard J Jr; Rosenkranz, Kari M; Wells, Wendy A; Kogel, Christine A; Borsic, Andrea; Rizzo, Elizabeth J; Paulsen, Keith D

    2009-01-01

    Electromagnetic (EM) breast imaging provides low-cost, safe and potentially a more specific modality for cancer detection than conventional imaging systems. A primary difficulty in validating these EM imaging modalities is that the true dielectric property values of the particular breast being imaged are not readily available on an individual subject basis. Here, we describe our initial experience in seeking to correlate tomographic EM imaging studies with discrete point spectroscopy measurements of the dielectric properties of breast tissue. The protocol we have developed involves measurement of in vivo tissue properties during partial and full mastectomy procedures in the operating room (OR) followed by ex vivo tissue property recordings in the same locations in the excised tissue specimens in the pathology laboratory immediately after resection. We have successfully applied all of the elements of this validation protocol in a series of six women with cancer diagnoses. Conductivity and permittivity gauged from ex vivo samples over the frequency range 100 Hz–8.5 GHz are found to be similar to those reported in the literature. A decrease in both conductivity and permittivity is observed when these properties are gauged from ex vivo samples instead of in vivo. We present these results in addition to a case study demonstrating how discrete point spectroscopy measurements of the tissue can be correlated and used to validate EM imaging studies

  15. The Response of RIF-1 Fibrosarcomas to the Vascular-Disrupting Agent ZD6126 Assessed by In Vivo and Ex Vivo1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Basetti Madhu

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available The response of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma1 (RIF-1 tumors treated with the vascular-disrupting agent (VDA ZD6126 was assessed by in vivo and ex vivo1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS methods. Tumors treated with 200 mg/kg ZD6126 showed a significant reduction in total choline (tCho in vivo 24 hours after treatment, whereas control tumors showed a significant increase in tCho. This response was investigated further within both ex vivo unprocessed tumor tissues and tumor tissue metabolite extracts. Ex vivo high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS and 1H MRS of metabolite extracts revealed a significant reduction in phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in biopsies of ZD6126-treated tumors, confirming in vivo tCho response. ZD6126-induced reduction in choline compounds is consistent with a reduction in cell membrane turnover associated with necrosis and cell death following disruption of the tumor vasculature. In vivo tumor tissue water diffusion and lactate measurements showed no significant changes in response to ZD6126. Spin-spin relaxation times (T2 of water and metabolites also remained unchanged. Noninvasive 1H MRS measurement of tCho in vivo provides a potential biomarker of tumor response to VDAs in RIF-1 tumors.

  16. Ex-vivo machine perfusion for kidney preservation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamar, Matyas; Selzner, Markus

    2018-06-01

    Machine perfusion is a novel strategy to decrease preservation injury, improve graft assessment, and increase organ acceptance for transplantation. This review summarizes the current advances in ex-vivo machine-based kidney preservation technologies over the last year. Ex-vivo perfusion technologies, such as hypothermic and normothermic machine perfusion and controlled oxygenated rewarming, have gained high interest in the field of organ preservation. Keeping kidney grafts functionally and metabolically active during the preservation period offers a unique chance for viability assessment, reconditioning, and organ repair. Normothermic ex-vivo kidney perfusion has been recently translated into clinical practice. Preclinical results suggest that prolonged warm perfusion appears superior than a brief end-ischemic reconditioning in terms of renal function and injury. An established standardized protocol for continuous warm perfusion is still not available for human grafts. Ex-vivo machine perfusion represents a superior organ preservation method over static cold storage. There is still an urgent need for the optimization of the perfusion fluid and machine technology and to identify the optimal indication in kidney transplantation. Recent research is focusing on graft assessment and therapeutic strategies.

  17. In vivo relevance of intercellular calcium signaling in Drosophila wing development

    OpenAIRE

    Brodskiy, Pavel; Brito-Robinson, Teresa; Levis, Megan; Narciso, Cody; Jangula, Jamison; Huizar, Francisco; Wu, Qinfeng; Zartman, Jeremiah

    2017-01-01

    Recently, organ-scale intercellular Ca2+ transients (ICTs) were reported in the Drosophila wing disc. However, the functional in vivo significance of ICTs remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate the in vivo relevance of intercellular Ca2+ signaling and its impact on wing development. We report that Ca2+ signaling in vivo decreases as wing discs mature. Ca2+ signaling ex vivo responds to fly extract in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests ICTs occur in vivo due to chemical stimulus that...

  18. Methods of in-vivo mouse lung micro-CT

    Science.gov (United States)

    Recheis, Wolfgang A.; Nixon, Earl; Thiesse, Jacqueline; McLennan, Geoffrey; Ross, Alan; Hoffman, Eric

    2005-04-01

    Micro-CT will have a profound influence on the accumulation of anatomical and physiological phenotypic changes in natural and transgenetic mouse models. Longitudinal studies will be greatly facilitated, allowing for a more complete and accurate description of events if in-vivo studies are accomplished. The purpose of the ongoing project is to establish a feasible and reproducible setup for in-vivo mouse lung micro-computed tomography (μCT). We seek to use in-vivo respiratory-gated μCT to follow mouse models of lung disease with subsequent recovery of the mouse. Methodologies for optimizing scanning parameters and gating for the in-vivo mouse lung are presented. A Scireq flexiVent ventilated the gas-anesthetized mice at 60 breaths/minute, 30 cm H20 PEEP, 30 ml/kg tidal volume and provided a respiratory signal to gate a Skyscan 1076 μCT. Physiologic monitoring allowed the control of vital functions and quality of anesthesia, e.g. via ECG monitoring. In contrary to longer exposure times with ex-vivo scans, scan times for in-vivo were reduced using 35μm pixel size, 158ms exposure time and 18μm pixel size, 316ms exposure time to reduce motion artifacts. Gating via spontaneous breathing was also tested. Optimal contrast resolution was achieved at 50kVp, 200μA, applying an aluminum filter (0.5mm). There were minimal non-cardiac related motion artifacts. Both 35μm and 1μm voxel size images were suitable for evaluation of the airway lumen and parenchymal density. Total scan times were 30 and 65 minutes respectively. The mice recovered following scanning protocols. In-vivo lung scanning with recovery of the mouse delivered reasonable image quality for longitudinal studies, e.g. mouse asthma models. After examining 10 mice, we conclude μCT is a feasible tool evaluating mouse models of lung pathology in longitudinal studies with increasing anatomic detail available for evaluation as one moves from in-vivo to ex-vivo studies. Further developments include automated

  19. DNA damage in lens epithelium of cataract patients in vivo and ex vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Øsnes-Ringen, Oyvind; Azqueta, Amaia O; Moe, Morten C; Zetterström, Charlotta; Røger, Magnus; Nicolaissen, Bjørn; Collins, Andrew R

    2013-11-01

    DNA damage has been described in the human cataractous lens epithelium, and oxidative stress generated by UV radiation and endogenous metabolic processes has been suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cataract. In this study, the aim was to explore the quality and relative quantity of DNA damage in lens epithelium of cataract patients in vivo and after incubation in a cell culture system. Capsulotomy specimens were analysed, before and after 1 week of ex vivo cultivation, using the comet assay to measure DNA strand breaks, oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases and UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. DNA strand breaks were barely detectable, oxidized pyrimidines and pyrimidine dimers were present at low levels, whereas there was a relatively high level of oxidized purines, which further increased after cultivation. The observed levels of oxidized purines in cataractous lens epithelium may support a theory consistent with light damage and oxidative stress as mediators of molecular damage to the human lens epithelium. Damage commonly associated with UV-B irradiation was relatively low. The levels of oxidized purines increased further in a commonly used culture system. This is of interest considering the importance and versatility of ex vivo systems in studies exploring the pathogenesis of cataract. © 2012 The Authors. Acta Ophthalmologica © 2012 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation.

  20. Vivo-morpholinos induced transient knockdown of physical activity related proteins.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David P Ferguson

    Full Text Available Physical activity is associated with disease prevention and overall wellbeing. Additionally there has been evidence that physical activity level is a result of genetic influence. However, there has not been a reliable method to silence candidate genes in vivo to determine causal mechanisms of physical activity regulation. Vivo-morpholinos are a potential method to transiently silence specific genes. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the use of Vivo-morpholinos in a mouse model for voluntary physical activity with several sub-objectives. We observed that Vivo-morpholinos achieved between 60-97% knockdown of Drd1-, Vmat2-, and Glut4-protein in skeletal muscle, the delivery moiety of Vivo-morpholinos (scramble did not influence physical activity and that a cocktail of multiple Vivo-morpholinos can be given in a single treatment to achieve protein knockdown of two different targeted proteins in skeletal muscle simultaneously. Knocking down Drd1, Vmat2, or Glut4 protein in skeletal muscle did not affect physical activity. Vivo-morpholinos injected intravenously alone did not significantly knockdown Vmat2-protein expression in the brain (p = 0.28. However, the use of a bradykinin analog to increase blood-brain-barrier permeability in conjunction with the Vivo-morpholinos significantly (p = 0.0001 decreased Vmat2-protein in the brain with a corresponding later over-expression of Vmat2 coincident with a significant (p = 0.0016 increase in physical activity. We conclude that Vivo-morpholinos can be a valuable tool in determining causal gene-phenotype relationships in whole animal models.

  1. In vivo dosimetry in radiation therapy in Sweden

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eriksson, Jacob; Blomquist, Michael

    2010-07-01

    A prerequisite for achieving high radiation safety for patients receiving external beam radiation therapy is that the hospitals have a quality assurance program. The program should include include monitoring of the radiation dose given to the patient. Control measurements are performed both at the system level and at the individual level. Control measurement is normally performed using in vivo dosimetry, e.g. a method to measure the radiation dose at the individual level during the actual radiation treatment time. In vivo dosimetry has proven to be an important tool to detect and prevent serious errors in patient treatment. The purpose of this research project was to identify the extent to which vivo dosimetry is used and the methods available for this at Swedish radiation therapy clinics. The authority also wanted to get an overall picture of how hospitals manage results of in vivo dosimetry, and how clinics control radiation dose when using modern treatment techniques. The report reflects the situation in Swedish radiotherapy clinics 2007. The report shows that all hospitals use some form of in vivo dosimetry. The instruments used are mainly diodes and termoluminiscence dosimeters

  2. In vivo endoscopic multi-beam optical coherence tomography

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Standish, Beau A; Mariampillai, Adrian; Munce, Nigel R; Leung, Michael K K; Vitkin, I Alex [Deptartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto (Canada); Lee, Kenneth K C; Yang, Victor X D [Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, Toronto (Canada)], E-mail: standish@ee.ryerson.ca

    2010-02-07

    A multichannel optical coherence tomography (multi-beam OCT) system and an in vivo endoscopic imaging probe were developed using a swept-source OCT system. The distal optics were micro-machined to produce a high numerical aperture, multi-focus fibre optic array. This combination resulted in a transverse design resolution of <10 {mu}m full width half maximum (FWHM) throughout the entire imaging range, while also increasing the signal intensity within the focus of the individual channels. The system was used in a pre-clinical rabbit study to acquire in vivo structural images of the colon and ex vivo images of the oesophagus and trachea. A good correlation between the structural multi-beam OCT images and H and E histology was achieved, demonstrating the feasibility of this high-resolution system and its potential for in vivo human endoscopic imaging.

  3. In vivo endoscopic multi-beam optical coherence tomography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Standish, Beau A; Mariampillai, Adrian; Munce, Nigel R; Leung, Michael K K; Vitkin, I Alex; Lee, Kenneth K C; Yang, Victor X D

    2010-01-01

    A multichannel optical coherence tomography (multi-beam OCT) system and an in vivo endoscopic imaging probe were developed using a swept-source OCT system. The distal optics were micro-machined to produce a high numerical aperture, multi-focus fibre optic array. This combination resulted in a transverse design resolution of <10 μm full width half maximum (FWHM) throughout the entire imaging range, while also increasing the signal intensity within the focus of the individual channels. The system was used in a pre-clinical rabbit study to acquire in vivo structural images of the colon and ex vivo images of the oesophagus and trachea. A good correlation between the structural multi-beam OCT images and H and E histology was achieved, demonstrating the feasibility of this high-resolution system and its potential for in vivo human endoscopic imaging.

  4. Formulation and in Vitro, ex Vivo and in Vivo Evaluation of Elastic Liposomes for Transdermal Delivery of Ketorolac Tromethamine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Néstor Mendoza

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The objective of the current study was to formulate ketorolac tromethamine-loaded elastic liposomes and evaluate their in vitro drug release and their ex vivo and in vivo transdermal delivery. Ketorolac tromethamine (KT, which is a potent analgesic, was formulated in elastic liposomes using Tween 80 as an edge activator. The elastic vesicles were prepared by film hydration after optimizing the sonication time and number of extrusions. The vesicles exhibited an entrapment efficiency of 73 ± 11%, vesicle size of 127.8 ± 3.4 nm and a zeta potential of −12 mV. In vitro drug release was analyzed from liposomes and an aqueous solution, using Franz diffusion cells and a cellophane dialysis membrane with molecular weight cut-off of 8000 Da. Ex vivo permeation of KT across pig ear skin was studied using a Franz diffusion cell, with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4 at 32 °C as receptor solution. An in vivo drug permeation study was conducted on healthy human volunteers using a tape-stripping technique. The in vitro results showed (i a delayed release when KT was included in elastic liposomes, compared to an aqueous solution of the drug; (ii a flux of 0.278 mg/cm2h and a lag time of about 10 h for ex vivo permeation studies, which may indicate that KT remains in the skin (with the possibility of exerting a local effect before reaching the receptor medium; (iii a good correlation between the total amount permeated, the penetration distance (both determined by tape stripping and transepidermal water loss (TEWL measured during the in vivo permeation studies. Elastic liposomes have the potential to transport the drug through the skin, keep their size and drug charge, and release the drug into deep skin layers. Therefore, elastic liposomes hold promise for the effective topical delivery of KT.

  5. In vivo and ex vivo EPR detection of spin-labelled ovalbumin in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abramović, Zrinka; Brgles, Marija; Habjanec, Lidija; Tomasić, Jelka; Sentjurc, Marjeta; Frkanec, Ruza

    2010-10-01

    In this study, spin-labelled ovalbumin (SL-OVA), free or entrapped in liposomes, was administered to mice subcutaneously (s.c.) or intravenously (i.v.) with the aim to determine the conditions for pharmacokinetic studies of spin-labelled proteins by EPR and to measure the time course of SL-OVA distribution in vivo in live mice and ex vivo in isolated organs. Upon s.c. administration, the decay of the EPR signal was followed for 60min at the site of application using an L-band EPR spectrometer. Within this time period, the signal of free SL-OVA was diminished by about 70%. It was estimated with the help of the oxidizing agent K(3)[(FeCN)(6)] that approximately 30% was a consequence of the spin label reduction to EPR non-visible hydroxylamine and about 40% was due to the SL-OVA elimination from the site of measurement. For liposome encapsulated SL-OVA, the intensity diminished only by approx. 40% in the same period, indicating that liposomes successfully protect the protein from reduction. EPR signal could not be detected directly over live mouse organs within 60min after s.c. application of SL-OVA. With the available L-band EPR spectrometer, the measurements at the site of s.c. application are possible if the amount of SL-OVA applied to a mouse is more than 3mg. For the pharmacokinetic studies of the protein distribution in organs after s.c. or i.v. injection the concentration of the spin-labelled protein should be more than 0.5mmol/kg. After i.v. administration, only ex vivo measurements were possible using an X-band EPR spectrometer, since the total amount of SL-OVA was not sufficient for in vivo detection and also because of rapid reduction of nitroxide. After 2min, the protein was preferentially distributed to liver and, to a smaller extent, to spleen.

  6. Using exomarkers to assess mitochondrial reactive species in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Logan, Angela; Cochemé, Helena M; Li Pun, Pamela Boon; Apostolova, Nadezda; Smith, Robin A J; Larsen, Lesley; Larsen, David S; James, Andrew M; Fearnley, Ian M; Rogatti, Sebastian; Prime, Tracy A; Finichiu, Peter G; Dare, Anna; Chouchani, Edward T; Pell, Victoria R; Methner, Carmen; Quin, Caroline; McQuaker, Stephen J; Krieg, Thomas; Hartley, Richard C; Murphy, Michael P

    2014-02-01

    The ability to measure the concentrations of small damaging and signalling molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo is essential to understanding their biological roles. While a range of methods can be applied to in vitro systems, measuring the levels and relative changes in reactive species in vivo is challenging. One approach towards achieving this goal is the use of exomarkers. In this, exogenous probe compounds are administered to the intact organism and are then transformed by the reactive molecules in vivo to produce a diagnostic exomarker. The exomarker and the precursor probe can be analysed ex vivo to infer the identity and amounts of the reactive species present in vivo. This is akin to the measurement of biomarkers produced by the interaction of reactive species with endogenous biomolecules. Our laboratories have developed mitochondria-targeted probes that generate exomarkers that can be analysed ex vivo by mass spectrometry to assess levels of reactive species within mitochondria in vivo. We have used one of these compounds, MitoB, to infer the levels of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide within flies and mice. Here we describe the development of MitoB and expand on this example to discuss how better probes and exomarkers can be developed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Nanodiamonds for In Vivo Applications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van der Laan, KiranJ; Hasani, Masoumeh; Zheng, Tingting; Schirhagl, Romana

    2018-05-01

    Due to their unique optical properties, diamonds are the most valued gemstones. However, beyond the sparkle, diamonds have a number of unique properties. Their extreme hardness gives them outstanding performance as abrasives and cutting tools. Similar to many materials, their nanometer-sized form has yet other unique properties. Nanodiamonds are very inert but still can be functionalized on the surface. Additionally, they can be made in very small sizes and a narrow size distribution. Nanodiamonds can also host very stable fluorescent defects. Since they are protected in the crystal lattice, they never bleach. These defects can also be utilized for nanoscale sensing since they change their optical properties, for example, based on temperature or magnetic fields in their surroundings. In this Review, in vivo applications are focused upon. To this end, how different diamond materials are made and how this affects their properties are discussed first. Next, in vivo biocompatibility studies are reviewed. Finally, the reader is introduced to in vivo applications of diamonds. These include drug delivery, aiding radiology, labeling, and use in cosmetics. The field is critically reviewed and a perspective on future developments is provided. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  8. Spinal cord dopamine D2/D3 receptors: in vivo and ex vivo imaging in the rat using 18F/11C-fallypride

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaur, Jasmeet; Khararjian, Armen; Coleman, Robert A.; Constantinescu, Cristian C.; Pan, Min-Liang; Mukherjee, Jogeshwar

    2014-01-01

    Objectives: The spinal cord is known to be innervated with dopaminergic cells with catecholaminergic projections arising from the medulla and pons and dopaminergic transmission in the spinal cord is vital for sensory and motor function. Our goal was to evaluate and compare the imaging capability of dopamine D2/D3 receptors in the rat spinal cord using PET ligands 18 F-fallypride and 11 C-fallypride. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were used in all in vitro and in vivo studies. Spinal cord and brain sections were used for in vitro autoradiography and ex vivo autoradiography. For in vivo studies animals received a 18 F-fallypride scan or a 11 C-fallypride PET scan. The spinal cord and the brain were then harvested, flash-frozen and imaged ex vivo. For in vivo analysis Logan plots with cerebellum as a reference was used to evaluate binding potentials (BP). Tissue ratios were used for ex vivo analysis. Drug effects were evaluated using clozapine, haloperidol and dopamine were evaluated on spinal cord sections in vitro. Results: In vitro studies showed 18 F-fallypride binding to superficial dorsal horn (SDH), dorsal horn (DH), ventral horn (VH) and the pars centralis (PC). In the cervical section, the greatest amount of binding appeared to be in the SDH. Ex vivo studies showed approximately 6% of 18 F-fallypride in SDH compared to that observed in the striatum. In vivo analysis of both 18 F-fallypride and 11 C-fallypride in the spinal cord were comparable to that in the extrastriatal regions. Haloperidol and clozapine displaced more than 75% of the 18 F-fallypride in spinal cord sections. Conclusions: Our studies showed 18 F-fallypride and 11 C-fallypride binding in the spinal cord in vitro and in vivo. The binding pattern correlates well with the known distribution of dopamine D2/D3 receptors in the spinal cord

  9. Evaluation of the In Vivo and Ex Vivo Binding of Novel BC1 Cannabinoid Receptor Radiotracers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Miller, A.; Gatley, J.; Gifford, A.

    2002-01-01

    The primary active ingredient of marijuana, 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, exerts its psychoactive effects by binding to cannabinoid CB1 receptors. These receptors are found throughout the brain with high concentrations in the hippocampus and cerebellum. The current study was conducted to evaluate the binding of a newly developed putative cannabinoid antagonist, AM630, and a classical cannabinoid 8-tetrahydrocannabinol as potential PET and/or SPECT imaging agents for brain CB1 receptors. For both of these ligands in vivo and ex vivo studies in mice were conducted. AM630 showed good overall brain uptake (as measure by %IA/g) and a moderately rapid clearance from the brain with a half-clearance time of approximately 30 minutes. However, AM630 did not show selective binding to CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Ex vivo autoradiography supported the lack of selective binding seen in the in vivo study. Similar to AM630, 8-tetrahydrocanibol also failed to show selective binding to CB1 receptor rich brain areas. The 8-tetrahydrocanibol showed moderate overall brain uptake and relatively slow brain clearance as compared to AM630. Further studies were done with AM2233, a cannabinoid ligand with a similar structure as AM630. These studies were done to develop an ex vivo binding assay to quantify the displacement of [131I]AM2233 binding by other ligands in Swiss-Webster and CB1 receptor knockout mice. By developing this assay we hoped to determine the identity of an unknown binding site for AM2233 present in the hippocampus of CB1 knockout mice. Using an approach based on incubation of brain slices prepared from mice given intravenous [131I]AM2233 in either the presence or absence of AM2233 (unlabelled) it was possible to demonstrate a significant AM2233-displacable binding in the Swiss-Webster mice. Future studies will determine if this assay is appropriate for identifying the unknown binding site for AM2233 in the CB1 knockout mice.

  10. Algorithm optimization for multitined radiofrequency ablation: comparative study in ex vivo and in vivo bovine liver.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Appelbaum, Liat; Sosna, Jacob; Pearson, Robert; Perez, Sarah; Nissenbaum, Yizhak; Mertyna, Pawel; Libson, Eugene; Goldberg, S Nahum

    2010-02-01

    To prospectively optimize multistep algorithms for largest available multitined radiofrequency (RF) electrode system in ex vivo and in vivo tissues, to determine best energy parameters to achieve large predictable target sizes of coagulation, and to compare these algorithms with manufacturer's recommended algorithms. Institutional animal care and use committee approval was obtained for the in vivo portion of this study. Ablation (n = 473) was performed in ex vivo bovine liver; final tine extension was 5-7 cm. Variables in stepped-deployment RF algorithm were interrogated and included initial current ramping to 105 degrees C (1 degrees C/0.5-5.0 sec), the number of sequential tine extensions (2-7 cm), and duration of application (4-12 minutes) for final two to three tine extensions. Optimal parameters to achieve 5-7 cm of coagulation were compared with recommended algorithms. Optimal settings for 5- and 6-cm final tine extensions were confirmed in in vivo perfused bovine liver (n = 14). Multivariate analysis of variance and/or paired t tests were used. Mean RF ablation zones of 5.1 cm +/- 0.2 (standard deviation), 6.3 cm +/- 0.4, and 7 cm +/- 0.3 were achieved with 5-, 6-, and 7-cm final tine extensions in a mean of 19.5 min +/- 0.5, 27.9 min +/- 6, and 37.1 min +/- 2.3, respectively, at optimal settings. With these algorithms, size of ablation at 6- and 7-cm tine extension significantly increased from mean of 5.4 cm +/- 0.4 and 6.1 cm +/- 0.6 (manufacturer's algorithms) (P mean diameter in specified time: 5.5 cm +/- 0.4 in 18.5 min +/- 0.5 (5-cm extensions) and 5.7 cm +/- 0.2 in 21.2 min +/- 0.6 (6-cm extensions). Large zones of coagulation of 5-7 cm can be created with optimized RF algorithms that help reduce number of tine extensions compared with manufacturer's recommendations. Such algorithms are likely to facilitate the utility of these devices for RF ablation of focal tumors in clinical practice. (c) RSNA, 2010.

  11. In vivo cell tracking with bioluminescence imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Jung Eun; Kalimuthu, Senthilkumar; Ahn, Byeong Cheol [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu (Korea, Republic of)

    2015-03-15

    Molecular imaging is a fast growing biomedical research that allows the visual representation, characterization and quantification of biological processes at the cellular and subcellular levels within intact living organisms. In vivo tracking of cells is an indispensable technology for development and optimization of cell therapy for replacement or renewal of damaged or diseased tissue using transplanted cells, often autologous cells. With outstanding advantages of bioluminescence imaging, the imaging approach is most commonly applied for in vivo monitoring of transplanted stem cells or immune cells in order to assess viability of administered cells with therapeutic efficacy in preclinical small animal models. In this review, a general overview of bioluminescence is provided and recent updates of in vivo cell tracking using the bioluminescence signal are discussed.

  12. HIM-herbal ingredients in-vivo metabolism database.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kang, Hong; Tang, Kailin; Liu, Qi; Sun, Yi; Huang, Qi; Zhu, Ruixin; Gao, Jun; Zhang, Duanfeng; Huang, Chenggang; Cao, Zhiwei

    2013-05-31

    Herbal medicine has long been viewed as a valuable asset for potential new drug discovery and herbal ingredients' metabolites, especially the in vivo metabolites were often found to gain better pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and even better safety profiles compared to their parent compounds. However, these herbal metabolite information is still scattered and waiting to be collected. HIM database manually collected so far the most comprehensive available in-vivo metabolism information for herbal active ingredients, as well as their corresponding bioactivity, organs and/or tissues distribution, toxicity, ADME and the clinical research profile. Currently HIM contains 361 ingredients and 1104 corresponding in-vivo metabolites from 673 reputable herbs. Tools of structural similarity, substructure search and Lipinski's Rule of Five are also provided. Various links were made to PubChem, PubMed, TCM-ID (Traditional Chinese Medicine Information database) and HIT (Herbal ingredients' targets databases). A curated database HIM is set up for the in vivo metabolites information of the active ingredients for Chinese herbs, together with their corresponding bioactivity, toxicity and ADME profile. HIM is freely accessible to academic researchers at http://www.bioinformatics.org.cn/.

  13. Large-Animal Biventricular Working Heart Perfusion System with Low Priming Volume-Comparison between in vivo and ex vivo Cardiac Function.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abicht, Jan-Michael; Mayr, Tanja Axinja Jelena; Jauch, Judith; Guethoff, Sonja; Buchholz, Stefan; Reichart, Bruno; Bauer, Andreas

    2018-01-01

    Existing large-animal, ex vivo, cardiac perfusion models are restricted in their ability to establish an ischemia/reperfusion condition as seen in cardiac surgery or transplantation. Other working heart systems only challenge one ventricle or require a substantially larger priming volume. We describe a novel biventricular cardiac perfusion system with reduced priming volume. Juvenile pig hearts were cardiopleged, explanted, and reperfused ex vivo after 150 minutes of cold ischemia. Autologous whole blood was used as perfusate (minimal priming volume 350 mL). After 15 minutes of Langendorff perfusion (LM), the system was switched into a biventricular working mode (WM) and studied for 3 hours. During reperfusion, complete unloading of both ventricles and constant-pressure coronary perfusion was achieved. During working mode perfusion, the preload and afterload pressure of both ventricles was controlled within the targeted physiologic range. Functional parameters such as left ventricular work index were reduced in ex vivo working mode (in vivo: 787 ± 186 vs. 1 h WM 498 ± 66 mm Hg·mL/g·min; p  hours while functional and blood parameters are easily accessible. Moreover, because of the minimal priming volume, the novel ex vivo cardiac perfusion circuit allows for autologous perfusion, using the limited amount of blood available from the organ donating animal. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  14. In-vivo morphologic and spectroscopic investigation of Psoriasis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kapsokalyvas, Dimitrios; Cicchi, Riccardo; Bruscino, Nicola; Alfieri, Domenico; Massi, Daniela; Lotti, Torello; Pavone, Francesco S.

    2011-07-01

    Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by hyperkeratosis, hyperproliferation of the epidermis, inflammatory cell accumulation and increased dilatation of dermal papillary blood vessels. Cases of psoriasis were investigated in vivo with optical means in order to evaluate the potential of in vivo optical biopsy. A Polarization Multispectral Dermoscope was employed for the macroscopic observation. Features such as the 'dotted' blood vessels pattern was observed with high contrast. High resolution image sections of the epidermis and the dermis were produced with a custom made Multiphoton Microscope. Imaging extended from the surface of the lesion down to the papillary dermis, at a depth of 200 μm. In the epidermis, a characteristic morphology of the stratum corneum found only in Psoriasis was revealed. Additionally, the cytoplasmic area of the cells in the stratum spinosum layer was found to be smaller than normal. In the dermis the morphological features were more pronounced, where the elongated dermal papillae dominated the papillary layer. Their length exceeds 100μm, which is a far greater value compared to that of healthy skin. These in vivo observations are consistent with the ex vivo histopathological observations, supporting both the applicability and potentiality of multispectral dermoscopy and multiphoton microscopy in the field of in vivo optical investigation and biopsy of skin.

  15. Endoftalmitis por Pseudomonas aeruginosa posterior a queratoplastia penetrante, reporte de caso con investigación epidemiológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Blanco

    2010-09-01

    Conclusiones. El sitio de la extracción de las corneas debe garantizar una preparación antiséptica y una recuperación aséptica del tejido donante pues en este estudio aunque no se pudo establecer con certeza la fuente de la infección, los hallazgos llevaron a sospechar una posible contaminación en la morgue.

  16. PGE2 suppresses NK activity in vivo directly and through adrenal hormones: Effects that cannot be reflected by ex-vivo assessment of NK cytotoxicity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meron, G.; Tishler, Y.; Shaashua, L.; Rosenne, E.; Levi, B.; Melamed, R.; Gotlieb, N.; Matzner, P.; Sorski, L.; Ben-Eliyahu, S.

    2013-01-01

    Surgery can suppress in vivo levels of NK cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) through various mechanisms, including catecholamine-, glucocorticoid (CORT)-, and prostaglandin (PG)-mediated responses. However, PGs are synthesized locally following tissue damage, driving proinflammatory and CORT responses, while their systemic levels are often unaffected. Thus, we herein studied the role of adrenal factors in mediating in vivo effects of PGs on NKCC, using adrenalectomized and sham-operated F344 rats subjected to surgery or PGE2 administration. In vivo and ex-vivo approaches were employed, based on intravenous administration of the NK-sensitive MADB106 tumor line, and based on ex-vivo assessment of YAC-1 and MADB106 target-line lysis. Additionally, in vitro studies assessed the kinetics of the impact of epinephrine, CORT, and PGE2 on NKCC. The results indicated that suppression of NKCC by epinephrine and PGE2 are short lasting, and cannot be evident when these compounds are removed from the in vitro assay milieu, or in the context of ex-vivo assessment of NKCC. In contrast, the effects of CORT are long-lasting and are reflected in both conditions even after its removal. Marginating-pulmonary NKCC was less susceptible to suppression than circulating NKCC, when tested against the xenogeneic YAC-1 target line, but not against the syngeneic MADB106 line, which seems to involve different cytotoxicity mechanisms. Overall, these findings indicate that elevated systemic PG levels can directly suppress NKCC in vivo, but following laparotomy adrenal hormones mediate most of the effects of endogenously-released PGs. Additionally, the ex-vivo approach seems limited in reflecting the short-lasting NK-suppressive effects of catecholamines and PGs. PMID:23153554

  17. PGE2 suppresses NK activity in vivo directly and through adrenal hormones: effects that cannot be reflected by ex vivo assessment of NK cytotoxicity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meron, G; Tishler, Y; Shaashua, L; Rosenne, E; Levi, B; Melamed, R; Gotlieb, N; Matzner, P; Sorski, L; Ben-Eliyahu, S

    2013-02-01

    Surgery can suppress in vivo levels of NK cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) through various mechanisms, including catecholamine-, glucocorticoid (CORT)-, and prostaglandin (PG)-mediated responses. However, PGs are synthesized locally following tissue damage, driving proinflammatory and CORT responses, while their systemic levels are often unaffected. Thus, we herein studied the role of adrenal factors in mediating in vivo effects of PGs on NKCC, using adrenalectomized and sham-operated F344 rats subjected to surgery or PGE(2) administration. In vivo and ex vivo approaches were employed, based on intravenous administration of the NK-sensitive MADB106 tumor line, and based on ex vivo assessment of YAC-1 and MADB106 target-line lysis. Additionally, in vitro studies assessed the kinetics of the impact of epinephrine, CORT, and PGE(2) on NKCC. The results indicated that suppression of NKCC by epinephrine and PGE(2) are short lasting, and cannot be evident when these compounds are removed from the in vitro assay milieu, or in the context of ex vivo assessment of NKCC. In contrast, the effects of CORT are long-lasting and are reflected in both conditions even after its removal. Marginating-pulmonary NKCC was less susceptible to suppression than circulating NKCC, when tested against the xenogeneic YAC-1 target line, but not against the syngeneic MADB106 line, which seems to involve different cytotoxicity mechanisms. Overall, these findings indicate that elevated systemic PG levels can directly suppress NKCC in vivo, but following laparotomy adrenal hormones mediate most of the effects of endogenously-released PGs. Additionally, the ex vivo approach seems limited in reflecting the short-lasting NK-suppressive effects of catecholamines and PGs. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. In Vivo Histamine Optical Nanosensors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heather A. Clark

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available In this communication we discuss the development of ionophore based nanosensors for the detection and monitoring of histamine levels in vivo. This approach is based on the use of an amine-reactive, broad spectrum ionophore which is capable of recognizing and binding to histamine. We pair this ionophore with our already established nanosensor platform, and demonstrate in vitro and in vivo monitoring of histamine levels. This approach enables capturing rapid kinetics of histamine after injection, which are more difficult to measure with standard approaches such as blood sampling, especially on small research models. The coupling together of in vivo nanosensors with ionophores such as nonactin provide a way to generate nanosensors for novel targets without the difficult process of designing and synthesizing novel ionophores.

  19. EarthCollab, building geoscience-centric implementations of the VIVO semantic software suite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rowan, L. R.; Gross, M. B.; Mayernik, M. S.; Daniels, M. D.; Krafft, D. B.; Kahn, H. J.; Allison, J.; Snyder, C. B.; Johns, E. M.; Stott, D.

    2017-12-01

    EarthCollab, an EarthCube Building Block project, is extending an existing open-source semantic web application, VIVO, to enable the exchange of information about scientific researchers and resources across institutions. EarthCollab is a collaboration between UNAVCO, a geodetic facility and consortium that supports diverse research projects informed by geodesy, The Bering Sea Project, an interdisciplinary field program whose data archive is hosted by NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory, and Cornell University. VIVO has been implemented by more than 100 universities and research institutions to highlight research and institutional achievements. This presentation will discuss benefits and drawbacks of working with and extending open source software. Some extensions include plotting georeferenced objects on a map, a mobile-friendly theme, integration of faceting via Elasticsearch, extending the VIVO ontology to capture geoscience-centric objects and relationships, and the ability to cross-link between VIVO instances. Most implementations of VIVO gather information about a single organization. The EarthCollab project created VIVO extensions to enable cross-linking of VIVO instances to reduce the amount of duplicate information about the same people and scientific resources and to enable dynamic linking of related information across VIVO installations. As the list of customizations grows, so does the effort required to maintain compatibility between the EarthCollab forks and the main VIVO code. For example, dozens of libraries and dependencies were updated prior to the VIVO v1.10 release, which introduced conflicts in the EarthCollab cross-linking code. The cross-linking code has been developed to enable sharing of data across different versions of VIVO, however, using a JSON output schema standardized across versions. We will outline lessons learned in working with VIVO and its open source dependencies, which include Jena, Solr, Freemarker, and jQuery and discuss future

  20. Características clínico-patológicas y sobrevida en mujeres jóvenes con cáncer cervical: análisis retrospectivo del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rossana Ruiz

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar las características clínicas, histológicas y los factores pronósticos del cáncer cervical (CC en pacientes jóvenes peruanas. Materiales y métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes de 35 años de edad o menos diagnosticadas con CC entre el 2008 y el 2012 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. Resultados. 449 pacientes tenían neoplasias epiteliales. Los tipos histológicos principales fueron: carcinoma de células escamosas (84,9%, adenocarcinoma (11,0% y carcinoma adenoescamoso (2,4%. El tamaño tumoral promedio fue 4,98 cm. También se identificó anemia (55,7%, creatinina elevada (21,2% e hidronefrosis (13,8%. El 82,3% de los pacientes presentaron enfermedad localmente avanzada. Los estadios IIB (47,4% y IIIB (25,8% fueron los más comunes. La supervivencia global a 5 años fue de 59,5% (I, 90,9%; II, 57,5%; III, 42,7% y IV, 13,3%. La creatinina elevada, la anemia, el tamaño tumoral, el compromiso parametrial y la hidronefrosis fueron factores que afectaron la supervivencia. No se encontró relación significativa entre el tipo histológico y la supervivencia. La presencia de anemia (Hazard Ratio ajustado [HRa]: 2,5; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%]: 1,6-4,0 y la hidronefrosis (HRa: 1,6; IC 95%: 1,0-4,0 estuvieron independientemente asociados con la supervivencia; asimismo, el compromiso parametrial con (HRa: 3,3; IC 95%: 1,57,2 o sin (HRa: 2,6; IC 95%: 1,3-5,3 extensión al hueso pélvico. Conclusiones. El cáncer cervical en jóvenes peruanas es diagnosticado en estadios avanzados. La supervivencia global en cada estadio es similar a la reportada en pacientes mayores. Se confirmó la importancia de los factores convencionales relacionados con el pronóstico. La anemia fue un factor de pronóstico independiente importante que requiere mayores investigaciones.

  1. Circulating Tumor Cell Detection and Capture by Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry in Vivo and ex Vivo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Galanzha, Ekaterina I. [Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205 (United States); Zharov, Vladimir P., E-mail: zharovvladimirp@uams.edu [Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205 (United States); Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205 (United States)

    2013-12-10

    Despite progress in detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), existing assays still have low sensitivity (1–10 CTC/mL) due to the small volume of blood samples (5–10 mL). Consequently, they can miss up to 10{sup 3}–10{sup 4} CTCs, resulting in the development of barely treatable metastasis. Here we analyze a new concept of in vivo CTC detection with enhanced sensitivity (up to 10{sup 2}–10{sup 3} times) by the examination of the entire blood volume in vivo (5 L in adults). We focus on in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) of CTCs using label-free or targeted detection, photoswitchable nanoparticles with ultrasharp PA resonances, magnetic trapping with fiber-magnetic-PA probes, optical clearance, real-time spectral identification, nonlinear signal amplification, and the integration with PAFC in vitro. We demonstrate PAFC’s capability to detect rare leukemia, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and bulk and stem breast CTCs and its clusters in preclinical animal models in blood, lymph, bone, and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the release of CTCs from primary tumors triggered by palpation, biopsy or surgery, increasing the risk of metastasis. CTC lifetime as a balance between intravasation and extravasation rates was in the range of 0.5–4 h depending on a CTC metastatic potential. We introduced theranostics of CTCs as an integration of nanobubble-enhanced PA diagnosis, photothermal therapy, and feedback through CTC counting. In vivo data were verified with in vitro PAFC demonstrating a higher sensitivity (1 CTC/40 mL) and throughput (up to 10 mL/min) than conventional assays. Further developments include detection of circulating cancer-associated microparticles, and super-resolution PAFC beyond the diffraction and spectral limits.

  2. Disposable Fluidic Actuators for Miniature In-Vivo Surgical Robotics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pourghodrat, Abolfazl; Nelson, Carl A

    2017-03-01

    Fusion of robotics and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has created new opportunities to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Surgical robotics is advancing from externally actuated systems to miniature in-vivo robotics. However, with miniaturization of electric-motor-driven surgical robots, there comes a trade-off between the size of the robot and its capability. Slow actuation, low load capacity, sterilization difficulties, leaking electricity and transferring produced heat to tissues, and high cost are among the key limitations of the use of electric motors in in-vivo applications. Fluid power in the form of hydraulics or pneumatics has a long history in driving many industrial devices and could be exploited to circumvent these limitations. High power density and good compatibility with the in-vivo environment are the key advantages of fluid power over electric motors when it comes to in-vivo applications. However, fabrication of hydraulic/pneumatic actuators within the desired size and pressure range required for in-vivo surgical robotic applications poses new challenges. Sealing these types of miniature actuators at operating pressures requires obtaining very fine surface finishes which is difficult and costly. The research described here presents design, fabrication, and testing of a hydraulic/pneumatic double-acting cylinder, a limited-motion vane motor, and a balloon-actuated laparoscopic grasper. These actuators are small, seal-less, easy to fabricate, disposable, and inexpensive, thus ideal for single-use in-vivo applications. To demonstrate the ability of these actuators to drive robotic joints, they were modified and integrated in a robotic arm. The design and testing of this surgical robotic arm are presented to validate the concept of fluid-power actuators for in-vivo applications.

  3. Ex-vivo assessment and non-invasive in vivo imaging of internal hemorrhages in Aga2/+ mutant mice

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ermolayev, Vladimir [Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Building 56, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg (Germany); Cohrs, Christian M. [Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg (Germany); Mohajerani, Pouyan; Ale, Angelique [Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Building 56, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg (Germany); Hrabé de Angelis, Martin [Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg (Germany); Ntziachristos, Vasilis, E-mail: v.ntziachristos@tum.de [Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Building 56, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg (Germany)

    2013-03-08

    Highlights: ► Aga2/+ mice, model for Osteogenesis imperfecta, have type I collagen mutation. ► Aga2/+ mice display both moderate and severe phenotypes lethal 6–11th postnatal. ► Internal hemorrhages studied in Aga2/+ vs. control mice at 6 and 9 days postnatal. ► Anatomical and functional findings in-vivo contrasted to the ex-vivo appearance. -- Abstract: Mutations in type I collagen genes (COL1A1/2) typically lead to Osteogenesis imperfecta, the most common heritable cause of skeletal fractures and bone deformation in humans. Heterozygous Col1a1{sup Aga2/+}, animals with a dominant mutation in the terminal C-propeptide domain of type I collagen develop typical skeletal hallmarks and internal hemorrhages starting from 6 day after birth. The disease progression for Aga2/+ mice, however, is not uniform differing between severe phenotype lethal at the 6–11th day of life, and moderate-to-severe one with survival to adulthood. Herein we investigated whether a new modality that combines X-ray computer tomography with fluorescence tomography in one hybrid system can be employed to study internal bleedings in relation to bone fractures and obtain insights into disease progression. The disease phenotype was characterized on Aga2/+ vs. wild type mice between 6 and 9 days postnatal. Anatomical and functional findings obtained in-vivo were contrasted to the ex-vivo appearance of the same tissues under cryo-slicing.

  4. Ex-vivo assessment and non-invasive in vivo imaging of internal hemorrhages in Aga2/+ mutant mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ermolayev, Vladimir; Cohrs, Christian M.; Mohajerani, Pouyan; Ale, Angelique; Hrabé de Angelis, Martin; Ntziachristos, Vasilis

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► Aga2/+ mice, model for Osteogenesis imperfecta, have type I collagen mutation. ► Aga2/+ mice display both moderate and severe phenotypes lethal 6–11th postnatal. ► Internal hemorrhages studied in Aga2/+ vs. control mice at 6 and 9 days postnatal. ► Anatomical and functional findings in-vivo contrasted to the ex-vivo appearance. -- Abstract: Mutations in type I collagen genes (COL1A1/2) typically lead to Osteogenesis imperfecta, the most common heritable cause of skeletal fractures and bone deformation in humans. Heterozygous Col1a1 Aga2/+ , animals with a dominant mutation in the terminal C-propeptide domain of type I collagen develop typical skeletal hallmarks and internal hemorrhages starting from 6 day after birth. The disease progression for Aga2/+ mice, however, is not uniform differing between severe phenotype lethal at the 6–11th day of life, and moderate-to-severe one with survival to adulthood. Herein we investigated whether a new modality that combines X-ray computer tomography with fluorescence tomography in one hybrid system can be employed to study internal bleedings in relation to bone fractures and obtain insights into disease progression. The disease phenotype was characterized on Aga2/+ vs. wild type mice between 6 and 9 days postnatal. Anatomical and functional findings obtained in-vivo were contrasted to the ex-vivo appearance of the same tissues under cryo-slicing

  5. Free Radical Imaging Using In Vivo Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-MRI.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Utsumi, Hideo; Hyodo, Fuminori

    2015-01-01

    Redox reactions that generate free radical intermediates are essential to metabolic processes, and their intermediates can produce reactive oxygen species, which may promote diseases related to oxidative stress. The development of an in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer and its imaging enables us noninvasive and direct measurement of in vivo free radical reactions in living organisms. The dynamic nuclear polarization magnetic resonance imaging (DNP-MRI), also called PEDRI or OMRI, is also a new imaging method for observing free radical species in vivo. The spatiotemporal resolution of free radical imaging with DNP-MRI is comparable with that in MRI, and each of the radical species can be distinguished in the spectroscopic images by changing the frequency or magnetic field of ESR irradiation. Several kinds of stable nitroxyl radicals were used as spin probes to detect in vivo redox reactions. The signal decay of nitroxyl probes, which is determined with in vivo DNP-MRI, reflects the redox status under oxidative stress, and the signal decay is suppressed by prior administration of antioxidants. In addition, DNP-MRI can also visualize various intermediate free radicals from the intrinsic redox molecules. This noninvasive method, in vivo DNP-MRI, could become a useful tool for investigating the mechanism of oxidative injuries in animal disease models and the in vivo effects of antioxidant drugs. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Recovery following Thyroxine Treatment Withdrawal, but Not Propylthiouracil, Averts In Vivo and Ex Vivo Thyroxine-Provoked Cardiac Complications in Adult FVB/N Mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nancy S. Saad

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Persistent cardiovascular pathology has been described in hyperthyroid patients even with effective antithyroid treatment. Here, we studied the effect of a well-known antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil (PTU; 20 mg/kg/day, on thyroxine (T4; 500 µg/kg/day-induced increase in blood pressure (BP, cardiac hypertrophy, and altered responses of the contractile myocardium both in vivo and ex vivo after 2 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, the potential recovery through 2 weeks of T4 treatment discontinuation was also investigated. PTU and T4 recovery partially reduced the T4-prompted increase in BP. Alternatively, PTU significantly improved the in vivo left ventricular (LV function with no considerable effects on cardiac hypertrophy or ex vivo right ventricular (RV contractile alterations subsequent to T4 treatment. Conversely, T4 recovery considerably enhanced the T4-provoked cardiac changes both in vivo and ex vivo. Altogether, our data is in agreement with the proposal that hyperthyroidism-induced cardiovascular pathology could persevere even with antithyroid treatments, such as PTU. However, this cannot be generalized and further investigation with different antithyroid treatments should be executed. Moreover, we reveal that recovery following experimental hyperthyroidism could potentially ameliorate cardiac function and decrease the risk for additional cardiac complications, yet, this appears to be model-dependent and should be cautiously construed.

  7. Benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo with (/sup 3/)-Ro 15-1788

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Goeders, N.E.; Kuhar, M.J.

    1985-07-29

    In vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding has generally been studied by ex vivo techniques. In this investigation, the authors identify the conditions where (/sup 3/H)-Ro 15-1788 labels benzodiazepine receptors by true in vivo binding, i.e. where workable specific to nonspecific ratios are obtained in intact tissues without homogenization or washing. (/sup 3/H)-Flunitrazepam and (/sup 3/H)-clonazepam did not exhibit useful in vivo receptor binding. 39 references, 5 figures, 1 table.

  8. Análisis de los factores que influyen en la aparición de complicaciones y supervivencia de los catéteres venosos centrales para hemodiálisis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Eduardo Rajoy Fernández

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Una de las principales actividades de enfermería nefrológica en las unidades de hemodiálisis, es el cuidado de catéteres venosos centrales mediante el cumplimiento de un protocolo que hace especial hincapié en las medidas universales de asepsia durante su manipulación. Además existen otras variables que pueden influir en la aparición de complicaciones del catéter limitando su supervivencia. Objetivo: Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar los factores que pudieran influir en la aparición de complicaciones del catéter venoso central para hemodiálisis, y valorar las tasas de infección en nuestro centro. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de una cohorte, en la Unidad de Diálisis del Hospital Meixoeiro, entre enero de 1991 y octubre de 2012, con una muestra formada por 1231 catéteres. Resultados: Fueron implantados 1231 catéteres (1187 temporales y 44 tunelizados tipo Hikman. Los temporales, 78% en femoral, 18% en yugular, y 4 % en subclavia. Los Hikman, 40 en lado derecho y 4 en lado izquierdo. La duración media de los catéteres implantados fue de 17,7 ± 30,8 días (mediana 8 días. 88% no presentaron incidencias durante su colocación. Las principales causas de colocación fueron la IRA (56% y el fallo de acceso vascular previo (30%. La principal complicación dentro de las causas de retirada fue la obstrucción del catéter (15%, siendo la más grave la infección (6%. De los 1231 catéteres, 70 presentaron un episodio de infección a los 19,1±33,0 días de media, (mediana 1 días. Tasa de infección (2010-2012 de 0,75/1000 días de catéter. Conclusión: Concluimos que la aplicación de cuidados continuos y estandarizados mediante un protocolo que hace especial hincapié en la asepsia durante la conexión y desconexión del CVC da como resultado un bajo índice de infecciones en esta unidad.

  9. In vivo analysis of the Notch receptor S1 cleavage.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robert J Lake

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available A ligand-independent cleavage (S1 in the extracellular domain of the mammalian Notch receptor results in what is considered to be the canonical heterodimeric form of Notch on the cell surface. The in vivo consequences and significance of this cleavage on Drosophila Notch signaling remain unclear and contradictory. We determined the cleavage site in Drosophila and examined its in vivo function by a transgenic analysis of receptors that cannot be cleaved. Our results demonstrate a correlation between loss of cleavage and loss of in vivo function of the Notch receptor, supporting the notion that S1 cleavage is an in vivo mechanism of Notch signal control.

  10. Nigrosome-1 on Susceptibility Weighted Imaging to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease From Atypical Parkinsonism: An In Vivo and Ex Vivo Pilot Study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meijer, Frederick J.A.; Steens, Stefan C.; Rumund, Anouke van; Cappellen van Walsum, Anne-Marie van; Küsters, Benno; Esselink, Rianne A.J.; Verbeek, Marcel M.; Bloem, Bastiaan R.; Goraj, Bożena

    2016-01-01

    Previous case-control studies have suggested that the absence of a swallow-tail appearance in the substantia nigra on high-resolution SWI, representing nigrosome-1, has high accuracy to identify Parkinson’s disease (PD). The first goal of our study was to evaluate nigrosome-1 ex vivo using optimized high-resolution susceptibility sensitive MRI. Our second goal was to evaluate its diagnostic value in vivo using a clinical 3T SWI sequence to differentiate between PD and atypical parkinsonism (AP) in a cohort of patients with early-stage parkinsonism. Case-control pilot study to evaluate nigrosome-1 ex vivo (2 PD, 2 controls), using high-resolution susceptibility sensitive sequences at 11.7 T MRI. Next, evaluation of nigrosome-1 in vivo using a clinical 3 T SWI sequence in a prospective cohort of 60 patients with early-stage parkinsonism (39 PD, 21 AP). Moreover, 12 control subjects were scanned. The bilateral substantia nigra was evaluated by two neuroradiologists for the presence, absence or indecisive presence of nigrosome-1. The discriminative power was evaluated by Receiver-Operating Characteristic. We identified nigrosome-1 in ex vivo control subjects. Nigrosome-1 was not identified in the ex vivo PD cases. In our prospective clinical cohort study, the AUC for the swallow-tail sign to discriminate between PD and AP was 0.56 (0.41–0.71) for reader 1 and 0.68 (0.55–0.82) for reader 2. The diagnostic accuracy of the swallow-tail sign was marginal to discriminate between PD and AP using our clinical 3 T SWI sequence

  11. Mortalidad infantil y preescolar en el estado de Baja California. Análisis de condicionantes biodemográficos relacionados con la historia reproductiva de la madre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Humberto González-Galbán

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available La incidencia de la mortalidad cercana al nacimiento está asociada potencialmente a las características biológicas y demográficas de la madre durante su historia reproductiva. A fin de analizar los señalados aspectos, se presenta el actual artículo que tiene como objetivo general el valorar si algunos de los factores biodemográficos que aquí son considerados constituyen condicionantes para la ocurrencia de la mortalidad infantil y/o para el resto de los infantes menores de 5 años. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo se aplicó el método demográfico de la tabla de vida, con el cual se obtuvieron curvas de sobrevivencia, que tomaron como fuente de información la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica Demográfica del año 2009, México, lo que permitió sustentar empíricamente los resultados a los que se arribó, como son: el orden del nacimiento del hijo se observa como un diferencial para la mortalidad de los menores de 5 años; asimismo la edad de la madre constituye un importante condicionante para dicha problemática, que ejerce mayor influencia en los órdenes de nacimientos primero y segundo; en igual sentido la fecha del parto establece una diferencia significativa en la supervivencia de los hijos, lo que parece sugerir un cierto efecto cohorte; mientras que los embarazos previos al orden considerado de nacido vivo no han mostrado ser una variable diferenciadora en la supervivencia de los menores de 5 años. Finalmente se apreció que la condición migratoria se presenta como un diferencial de gran peso en la mortalidad infantil y preescolar, básicamente en los órdenes inferiores de nacimientos.

  12. Limitación explicativa de variables socio-demográficas y culturales en la reticencia a la donación de sangre: nuevas pautas de análisis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Casado-Neira

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Los estudios que abordan la donación de sangre (aspectos sociales y psicológicos se centran fundamentalmente en tres esferas: la motivación (psicología, el simbolismo de la sangre (antropología simbólica y el altruismo (sociología y antropología cultural. Los resultados son limitados en su aplicación, otros factores ligados a la organización y gestión de los servicios de transfusión ofrecen una mejor explicación sobre la participación de donantes. Metodología: Análisis de variables macro (demográficas -edad y sexo-, económicas -renta, PIB, paro y IPC- y médicas -donaciones de órganos y trasplantes-. Resultados principales: El análisis de las variables no aporta nueva luz sobre este campo, no hallándose correlaciones relevantes, excepto en las variables médicas. Conclusión principal: Es necesario proponer alternativas basadas en el funcionamiento y estrategias de captación de donantes de los centros de transfusión y los motivos de la autoexclusión.

  13. Comparative In vivo, Ex vivo, and In vitro Toxicity Studies of Engineered Nanomaterials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Efforts to reduce the number of animals in engineered nanomaterials (ENM) toxicity testing have resulted in the development of numerous alternative toxicity testing methods, but in vivo and in vitro results are still evolving and variable. This inconsistency could be due to the f...

  14. In Vivo Self-Powered Wireless Cardiac Monitoring via Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Qiang; Zhang, Hao; Shi, Bojing; Xue, Xiang; Liu, Zhuo; Jin, Yiming; Ma, Ye; Zou, Yang; Wang, Xinxin; An, Zhao; Tang, Wei; Zhang, Wei; Yang, Fan; Liu, Yang; Lang, Xilong; Xu, Zhiyun; Li, Zhou; Wang, Zhong Lin

    2016-07-26

    Harvesting biomechanical energy in vivo is an important route in obtaining sustainable electric energy for powering implantable medical devices. Here, we demonstrate an innovative implantable triboelectric nanogenerator (iTENG) for in vivo biomechanical energy harvesting. Driven by the heartbeat of adult swine, the output voltage and the corresponding current were improved by factors of 3.5 and 25, respectively, compared with the reported in vivo output performance of biomechanical energy conversion devices. In addition, the in vivo evaluation of the iTENG was demonstrated for over 72 h of implantation, during which the iTENG generated electricity continuously in the active animal. Due to its excellent in vivo performance, a self-powered wireless transmission system was fabricated for real-time wireless cardiac monitoring. Given its outstanding in vivo output and stability, iTENG can be applied not only to power implantable medical devices but also possibly to fabricate a self-powered, wireless healthcare monitoring system.

  15. Tailored nanostructured platforms for boosting transcorneal permeation: Box-Behnken statistical optimization, comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elsayed, Ibrahim; Sayed, Sinar

    2017-01-01

    Ocular drug delivery systems suffer from rapid drainage, intractable corneal permeation and short dosing intervals. Transcorneal drug permeation could increase the drug availability and efficiency in the aqueous humor. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize nanostructured formulations to provide accurate doses, long contact time and enhanced drug permeation. Nanovesicles were designed based on Box-Behnken model and prepared using the thin film hydration technique. The formed nanodispersions were evaluated by measuring the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and gelation temperature. The obtained desirability values were utilized to develop an optimized nanostructured in situ gel and insert. The optimized formulations were imaged by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. In addition, rheological characters, in vitro drug diffusion, ex vivo and in vivo permeation and safety of the optimized formulation were investigated. The optimized insert formulation was found to have a relatively lower viscosity, higher diffusion, ex vivo and in vivo permeation, when compared to the optimized in situ gel. So, the lyophilized nanostructured insert could be considered as a promising carrier and transporter for drugs across the cornea with high biocompatibility and effectiveness.

  16. Tailored nanostructured platforms for boosting transcorneal permeation: Box–Behnken statistical optimization, comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elsayed, Ibrahim; Sayed, Sinar

    2017-01-01

    Ocular drug delivery systems suffer from rapid drainage, intractable corneal permeation and short dosing intervals. Transcorneal drug permeation could increase the drug availability and efficiency in the aqueous humor. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize nanostructured formulations to provide accurate doses, long contact time and enhanced drug permeation. Nanovesicles were designed based on Box–Behnken model and prepared using the thin film hydration technique. The formed nanodispersions were evaluated by measuring the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and gelation temperature. The obtained desirability values were utilized to develop an optimized nanostructured in situ gel and insert. The optimized formulations were imaged by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. In addition, rheological characters, in vitro drug diffusion, ex vivo and in vivo permeation and safety of the optimized formulation were investigated. The optimized insert formulation was found to have a relatively lower viscosity, higher diffusion, ex vivo and in vivo permeation, when compared to the optimized in situ gel. So, the lyophilized nanostructured insert could be considered as a promising carrier and transporter for drugs across the cornea with high biocompatibility and effectiveness. PMID:29133980

  17. Hacia un Derecho humano fundamental al agua en el Derecho internacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Víctor M. Sánchez

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El agua nos rodea e integra como seres vivos. Proporciona múltiples usos esenciales para la supervivencia como la hidratación o alimentación, la facilitación de la producción agrícola, la higiene corporal y de los alimentos, su preparación, así como otros de recreo o ligados a la religión presentes en todas las culturas. Puede sorprender, entonces, que su disfrute no haya sido todavía garantizado explícitamente como derecho humano fundamental en ningún texto jurídico internacional, con las garantías frente a los poderes públicos y las personas que se derivan de esta categorización. Así es que, al escribir estas líneas, uno se siente una vez más cumpliendo la sugerencia de George Orwell de asumir el deber de reformular lo obvio.

  18. Cystoscopic optical coherence tomography for urinary bladder imaging in vivo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Z. G.; Adler, H.; Chan, D.; Jain, A.; Xie, H. K.; Wu, Z. L.; Pan, Y. T.

    2006-02-01

    This paper summarizes the development of new 2D MEMS mirrors and the pertinent modification to improve OCT endoscopic catheter packaging suitable for in vivo imaging diagnosis of bladder cancers. Comparative study of the newly developed endocopic OCT versus the bench-top OCT is presented. Results of in vivo OCT cystoscopy based on a porcine acute inflammation model are presented to compare time-domain OCT and spectral-domain OCT for in vivo imaging. In addition, results of spectral-domain Doppler OCT are presented to image blood flow in the lamina propria of the bladder. The results of our in vivo animal study using the presented OCT endoscope are discussed for potential problems in the future clinical applications.

  19. Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric pathology: insights from in vivo and ex vivo models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael D. Burkitt

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori induces diverse human pathological conditions, including superficial gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma and its precursors. The treatment of these conditions often relies on the eradication of H. pylori, an intervention that is increasingly difficult to achieve and that does not prevent disease progression in some contexts. There is, therefore, a pressing need to develop new experimental models of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology to support novel drug development in this field. Here, we review the current status of in vivo and ex vivo models of gastric H. pylori colonization, and of Helicobacter-induced gastric pathology, focusing on models of gastric pathology induced by H. pylori, Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter suis in rodents and large animals. We also discuss the more recent development of gastric organoid cultures from murine and human gastric tissue, as well as from human pluripotent stem cells, and the outcomes of H. pylori infection in these systems.

  20. Efecto de reducir la frecuencia de alimentación en la supervivencia, crecimiento, conversión y conducta alimenticia en juveniles de salmón del Atlántico Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758: experiencia a nivel productivo Effect of reducing the feeding frequency on the survival, growth, conversion, and feeding behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758: an experience at the productive level

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Flores

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available En Chile, la mayoría de las empresas de cultivo de salmones en la fase parr alimentan a los peces con 24 raciones/día; por otra parte, el alimento en el estómago de los peces, puede permanecer cerca de 4 a 5 h. Este trabajo evalúa en base a procedimientos y protocolos productivos, la disminución en la frecuencia de raciones de alimento y su efecto en la supervivencia, crecimiento, conversión y conducta de alimentación de los peces. Se trabajó en condiciones normales de producción comercial, con aproximadamente 1.200.000 peces de 0,17 g durante cuatro meses. Hubo dos tratamientos, el control con 24 raciones/día y el ensayo, que al inicio de la experiencia se entrego 12 raciones/día y al finalizar la experiencia se proporcionó 4 raciones/día. Se emplearon cinco estanques de 18 m³ para cada tratamiento. La disminución en la frecuencia de alimentación, no afectó la supervivencia de Salmo salar, se obtuvo mayor crecimiento en los peces del ensayo, con mejor conversión de alimento, se logró reducción de alimento depositado en el fondo de los estanques y se visualizó mejor apetito en los peces.In Chile, most salmon-farming companies feed fish in the parr phase 24 rations/day. However, food can remain in fish stomachs for around four or five hours. Using productive procedures and protocols, this study evaluates less frequent food rations and how they affect the survival, growth, conversion, and feeding behavior of the fish. The study was conducted over four months under normal commercial production conditions, using approximately 1,200,000 fish of 0.17 g each. There were two treatments: the control, which received 24 rations/day, and the assay, which received 12 rations/day at the onset of the study and 4 rations/day at the end of this. Five tanks, each 18 m³, were used for each treatment. The lower feeding frequency did not affect the survival of Salmo salar. The fish in the assay obtained greater growth and had better food

  1. In vivo dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mijnheer, Ben; Beddar, Sam; Izewska, Joanna; Reft, Chester

    2013-01-01

    In vivo dosimetry (IVD) is in use in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to detect major errors, to assess clinically relevant differences between planned and delivered dose, to record dose received by individual patients, and to fulfill legal requirements. After discussing briefly the main characteristics of the most commonly applied IVD systems, the clinical experience of IVD during EBRT will be summarized. Advancement of the traditional aspects of in vivo dosimetry as well as the development of currently available and newly emerging noninterventional technologies are required for large-scale implementation of IVD in EBRT. These new technologies include the development of electronic portal imaging devices for 2D and 3D patient dosimetry during advanced treatment techniques, such as IMRT and VMAT, and the use of IVD in proton and ion radiotherapy by measuring the decay of radiation-induced radionuclides. In the final analysis, we will show in this Vision 20/20 paper that in addition to regulatory compliance and reimbursement issues, the rationale for in vivo measurements is to provide an accurate and independent verification of the overall treatment procedure. It will enable the identification of potential errors in dose calculation, data transfer, dose delivery, patient setup, and changes in patient anatomy. It is the authors’ opinion that all treatments with curative intent should be verified through in vivo dose measurements in combination with pretreatment checks

  2. In vivo dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mijnheer, Ben [Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX (Netherlands); Beddar, Sam [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 (United States); Izewska, Joanna [Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna 1400 (Austria); Reft, Chester [Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (United States)

    2013-07-15

    In vivo dosimetry (IVD) is in use in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to detect major errors, to assess clinically relevant differences between planned and delivered dose, to record dose received by individual patients, and to fulfill legal requirements. After discussing briefly the main characteristics of the most commonly applied IVD systems, the clinical experience of IVD during EBRT will be summarized. Advancement of the traditional aspects of in vivo dosimetry as well as the development of currently available and newly emerging noninterventional technologies are required for large-scale implementation of IVD in EBRT. These new technologies include the development of electronic portal imaging devices for 2D and 3D patient dosimetry during advanced treatment techniques, such as IMRT and VMAT, and the use of IVD in proton and ion radiotherapy by measuring the decay of radiation-induced radionuclides. In the final analysis, we will show in this Vision 20/20 paper that in addition to regulatory compliance and reimbursement issues, the rationale for in vivo measurements is to provide an accurate and independent verification of the overall treatment procedure. It will enable the identification of potential errors in dose calculation, data transfer, dose delivery, patient setup, and changes in patient anatomy. It is the authors' opinion that all treatments with curative intent should be verified through in vivo dose measurements in combination with pretreatment checks.

  3. In vivo predictive dissolution: transport analysis of the CO2 , bicarbonate in vivo buffer system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krieg, Brian J; Taghavi, Seyed Mohammad; Amidon, Gordon L; Amidon, Gregory E

    2014-11-01

    Development of an oral in vivo predictive dissolution medium for acid drugs with a pKa in the physiological range (e.g., Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class IIa) requires transport analysis of the complex in vivo CO2 /bicarbonate buffering system. In this report, we analyze this buffer system using hydrodynamically defined rotating disk dissolution. Transport analysis of drug flux was predicted using the film model approach of Mooney et al based on equilibrium assumptions as well as accounting for the slow hydration reaction, CO2 + H2 O → H2 CO3 . The accuracy of the models was compared with experimentally determined results using the rotating disk dissolution of ibuprofen, indomethacin, and ketoprofen. The equilibrium and slow hydration reaction rate models predict significantly different dissolution rates. The experimental results are more accurately predicted by accounting for the slow hydration reaction under a variety of pH and hydrodynamic conditions. Although the complex bicarbonate buffering system requires further consideration given its dynamic nature in vivo, a simplifying irreversible reaction (IRR) transport analysis accurately predicts in vitro rotating disk dissolution rates of several carboxylic acid drugs. This IRR transport model provides further insight into bicarbonate buffer and can be useful in developing more physiologically relevant buffer systems for dissolution testing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

  4. In Vivo Radiobioassay and Research Facility

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lynch, Timothy P.

    2011-01-01

    Bioassay monitoring for intakes of radioactive material is an essential part of the internal dosimetry program for radiation workers at the Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford Site. This monitoring program includes direct measurements of radionuclides in the body by detecting photons that exit the body and analyses of radionuclides in excreta samples. The specialized equipment and instrumentation required to make the direct measurements of these materials in the body are located at the In Vivo Radiobioassay and Research Facility (IVRRF). The IVRRF was originally built in 1960 and was designed expressly for the in vivo measurement of radioactive material in Hanford workers. Most routine in vivo measurements are performed annually and special measurements are performed as needed. The primary source terms at the Hanford Site include fission and activation products (primarily 137Cs and 90Sr), uranium, uranium progeny, and transuranic radionuclides. The facility currently houses five shielded counting systems, men's and women's change rooms and an instrument maintenance and repair shop. Four systems include high purity germanium detectors and one system utilizes large sodium iodide detectors. These systems are used to perform an average of 7,000 measurements annually. This includes approximately 5000 whole body measurements analyzed for fission and activation products and 2000 lung measurements analyzed for americium, uranium, and plutonium. Various other types of measurements are performed periodically to estimate activity in wounds, the thyroid, the liver, and the skeleton. The staff maintains the capability to detect and quantify activity in essentially any tissue or organ. The in vivo monitoring program that utilizes the facility is accredited by the Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program for direct radiobioassay.

  5. Estructura y funcionamiento de los bancos de sangre en 4 provincias cubanas Structure and functioning of the blood banks in 4 Cuban provinces

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María E Alfonso Valdés

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Se desarrolló una investigación para estudiar la estructura y funcionamiento de 4 bancos de sangre provinciales del país, su influencia en la calidad de esta actividad y el grado de satisfacción de los donantes, con el empleo de la guía metodológica para investigación de aspectos socio-culturales relacionados con la donación voluntaria de sangre de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. El estudio arrojó que, en sentido general, los bancos cuentan con la estructura y equipamiento mínimo indispensable para desarrollar su actividad, pero en la mayoría de los casos, necesitan labores de mantenimiento, remodelación de algunas áreas, así como la adquisición y modernización del equipamiento. El funcionamiento general de estos centros es satisfactorio, pero deben mejorarse algunos aspectos como la calidad de la atención a los donantes, la información que se les brinda, las tareas de promoción de la donación y la retención de donantesA research was developed to study the structure and functioning of 4 provincial blood banks in the country, their influence on the quality of this activity and the satisfaction degree of the donors. To this end, it was used the PHO’s methodological guide for investigating the sociocultural aspects related to voluntary blood donations. The study showed that, in general, the banks have the structure and indispensable minimum equipment to develop their activity, but in most of the cases they need maintenance, remodelation of some areas, as well as the purchasing and modernization of equipment. The general functioning of these centers is satisfactory, but some aspects as the quality of the attention to donors, the information given, the activities carried out to promote donations and the retention of donors should be improved

  6. Science.gov (United States)

    Medina Arnaudo, Gisel Ivana

    2017-09-08

    Resumen: La valoración del Índice de Filtrado Glomerular (IFG) es fundamental para la selección de potenciales donantes renales. Para su medición existen métodos poco prácticos y complejos, por lo cual se han desarrollado ecuaciones de estimación del IFG. Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de ecuaciones de estimación del IFG a partir de Creatinina y Cistatina C en una población de adultos sanos candidatos a donantes renales. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en 72 pacientes de ambos sexos de entre 18 y 75 años de edad, candidatos a donantes renales. Se les midió el IFG a través del clearance de Iotalamato no marcado (IFGm). Se evaluaron cuatro ecuaciones de estimación del FG (IFGe): MDRD, del estudio "Modification of Diet in Renal Disease"; CKD-EPI-Creatinina (CKD-EPI-CREAT) y CKD-EPI-Creatinina y Cistatina C (CKD-EPI-CREAT+CIS), desarrolladas por el grupo "Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration"; y la que incluye Creatinina y Cistatina C propuesta por Stevens y col. (STEVENS-CREAT+CIS). Se analizó el desempeño de cada ecuación con respecto al IFGm. Resultados: Las ecuaciones CKD-EPI-CREAT+CIS, STEVENS-CREAT+CIS y CKD-EPI-CREAT mostraron ser más exactas (bias= 1,93; -0,71; -1,53 mL/min/1,73m2 respectivamente) que MDRD (bias= -10,36 mL/min/1,73m2). El mejor rendimiento diagnóstico lo mostró  el IFGe CKD-EPI-CREAT+CIS (LR(+)=9,8; "Positive Likelihood Ratios"), seguido por IFGe STEVENS-CREAT+CIS (LR(+)=4,7) y luego por IFGe CKD-EPI-CREAT (LR(+)=3,7). Discusión: Las ecuaciones CKD-EPI-CREAT+CIS, STEVENS-CREAT+CIS y CKD-EPI-CREAT demostraron tener un desempeño claramente superior a MDRD para estimar el IFG en la población estudiada.

  7. In-vivo evaluation of convex array synthetic aperture imaging

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Morten Høgholm; Gammelmark, Kim Løkke; Jensen, Jørgen Arendt

    2007-01-01

    This paper presents an in-vivo study of synthetic transmit aperture (STA) imaging in comparison to conventional imaging, evaluating whether STA imaging is feasible in-vivo, and whether the image quality obtained is comparable to traditional scanned imaging in terms of penetration depth, spatial...

  8. Comparison of ex vivo stability of copeptin and vasopressin

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Heida, Judith E; Boesten, Lianne S M; Ettema, Esmée M; Muller Kobold, Anneke C.; Franssen, Casper F M; Gansevoort, Ron T; Zittema, Debbie

    BACKGROUND: Copeptin, part of the vasopressin precursor, is increasingly used as marker for vasopressin and is claimed to have better ex vivo stability. However, no study has directly compared the ex vivo stability of copeptin and vasopressin. METHODS: Blood of ten healthy volunteers was collected

  9. Comparative study of nanosecond electric fields in vitro and in vivo on hepatocellular carcinoma indicate macrophage infiltration contribute to tumor ablation in vivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xinhua Chen

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recurrence and metastasis are associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma even in the patients who have undergone radical resection. Therefore, effective treatment is urgently needed for improvement of patients' survival. Previously, we reported that nanosecond pulse electric fields (nsPEFs can ablate melanoma by induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. This study aims to investigate the in vivo ablation strategy by comparing the dose effect of nanosecond electric fields in vitro and in vivo on hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2, SMMC7721, Hep1-6, and HCCLM3 were pulsed to test the anti-proliferation and anti-migration ability of 100 ns nsPEFs in vitro. The animal model of human subdermal xenograft HCCLM3 cells into BALB/c nude mouse was used to test the anti-tumor growth and macrophage infiltration in vivo. RESULTS: In vitro assays showed anti-tumor effect of nsPEFs is dose-dependant. But the in vivo study showed the strategy of low dose and multiple treatments is superior to high dose single treatment. The macrophages infiltration significantly increased in the tumors which were treated by multiple low dose nsPEFs. CONCLUSION: The low dose multiple nsPEFs application is more efficient than high dose single treatment in inhibiting the tumor volume in vivo, which is quite different from the dose-effect relationship in vitro. Beside the electric field strength, the macrophage involvement must be considered to account for effect variability and toxicology in vivo.

  10. [Genomic research of traditional Chinese medicines in vivo metabolism].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Shui-Ming; Bai, Rui; Zhang, Xiao-Yan

    2016-11-01

    Gene is the base of in vivo metabolism and effectiveness for traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), and the gene expression, regulation and modification are used as the research directions to perform the TCM multi-component, multi-link and multi-target in vivo metabolism studies, which will improve the research on TCM metabolic proecess, effect target and molecular mechanism. Humans are superorganisms with 1% genes inherited from parents and 99% genes from various parts of the human body, mainly coming from the microorganisms in intestinal flora. These indicate that genetically inherited human genome and "second genome" could affect the TCM in vivo metabolism from inheritance and "environmental" aspects respectively. In the present paper, typical case study was used to discuss related TCM in vivo metabolic genomics research, mainly including TCM genomics research and gut metagenomics research, as well as the personalized medicine evoked from the individual difference of above genomics (metagenomics). Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  11. In vivo and in vitro radiosensitivities ofnewly established mouse ascites tumors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okamoto, M.; Tsuboi, A.; Tsuchiya, T.

    1981-01-01

    The response of two newly established mouse mammary tumors to x irradiation in vitro and in vivo was studied by colony-forming assay in soft agar. Cells irradiated in vivo were more resistant than those irradiated in vitro. The D 0 values for in vitro irradiation were 112 rad at both exponential and stationary phases, while those for in vivo irradiation were 303 rad at exponential phase and 556 rad at stationary phase. This increase in D 0 value, which is greater than the OER, suggests that radiosensitivity in vivo cannot be explained only by hypoxia

  12. Colecta y caracterización de procedencias de Jatropha curcas L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R Machado

    Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar la caracterización de nueve procedencias de Jatropha curcas, colectadas en varias provincias de Cuba, durante la fase de vivero y la de establecimiento. Para caracterizar estos materiales se utilizó la metodología para la colecta y caracterización de germoplasma. En el vivero, la brotación de los propágulos se produjo a partir de los 7 o los 14 días de la plantación; mientras que la emergencia de las plántulas, al utilizar semilla, ocurrió a los 14 días. El porcentaje de supervivencia de los propágulos fluctuó entre 20 y 86,6 %, y a partir de semilla, entre 86,6 y 90 %. La supervivencia en el campo varió entre 66,6 y 100 % en las procedencias trasplantadas por propágulos y, en sentido general, resultó superior a la que se detectó en el vivero. En las procedencias trasladadas por plántulas no se detectó variación en la supervivencia (90,9 % para las dos accesiones: CSSS-5 y CSS-6. Se concluye que el porcentaje de brotación, la emergencia, el arraigamiento y la supervivencia fueron indicadores muy variables, tanto en condiciones de vivero como en campo, lo que estuvo indisolublemente ligado al genotipo, la edad y la calidad de la semilla de los materiales colectados (tanto propágulos como semilla. Se recomienda colectar J. curcas en otras zonas, con el fin de contribuir al incremento del germoplasma de esta importante especie, que constituye un recurso genético alternativo para la producción de biocombustible.

  13. Evaluating In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation of Toxicokinetics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wambaugh, John F; Hughes, Michael F; Ring, Caroline L; MacMillan, Denise K; Ford, Jermaine; Fennell, Timothy R; Black, Sherry R; Snyder, Rodney W; Sipes, Nisha S; Wetmore, Barbara A; Westerhout, Joost; Setzer, R Woodrow; Pearce, Robert G; Simmons, Jane Ellen; Thomas, Russell S

    2018-05-01

    Prioritizing the risk posed by thousands of chemicals potentially present in the environment requires exposure, toxicity, and toxicokinetic (TK) data, which are often unavailable. Relatively high throughput, in vitro TK (HTTK) assays and in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) methods have been developed to predict TK, but most of the in vivo TK data available to benchmark these methods are from pharmaceuticals. Here we report on new, in vivo rat TK experiments for 26 non-pharmaceutical chemicals with environmental relevance. Both intravenous and oral dosing were used to calculate bioavailability. These chemicals, and an additional 19 chemicals (including some pharmaceuticals) from previously published in vivo rat studies, were systematically analyzed to estimate in vivo TK parameters (e.g., volume of distribution [Vd], elimination rate). For each of the chemicals, rat-specific HTTK data were available and key TK predictions were examined: oral bioavailability, clearance, Vd, and uncertainty. For the non-pharmaceutical chemicals, predictions for bioavailability were not effective. While no pharmaceutical was absorbed at less than 10%, the fraction bioavailable for non-pharmaceutical chemicals was as low as 0.3%. Total clearance was generally more under-estimated for nonpharmaceuticals and Vd methods calibrated to pharmaceuticals may not be appropriate for other chemicals. However, the steady-state, peak, and time-integrated plasma concentrations of nonpharmaceuticals were predicted with reasonable accuracy. The plasma concentration predictions improved when experimental measurements of bioavailability were incorporated. In summary, HTTK and IVIVE methods are adequately robust to be applied to high throughput in vitro toxicity screening data of environmentally relevant chemicals for prioritizing based on human health risks.

  14. The development and utilization of in vivo systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Serres, F.J.; Matsushima, Taijiro.

    1986-01-01

    The 13th Joint Conference on the Development and Utilization of in vivo Short-Term Tests for Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity was attended by five scientists from Japan and 21 scientists from the U.S.A. A total of five sessions were held under the topics (1) In vivo Genetic Tests: Development-Utilization; (2) Activation of Oncogenes; (3) Progress Reports in Cancer Epidemiology and Food Mutagen Research. (Auth.)

  15. In-vivo quantitative measurement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ito, Takashi

    1992-01-01

    So far by positron CT, the quantitative analyses of oxygen consumption rate, blood flow distribution, glucose metabolic rate and so on have been carried out. The largest merit of using the positron CT is the observation and verification of mankind have become easy. Recently, accompanying the rapid development of the mapping tracers for central nervous receptors, the observation of many central nervous receptors by the positron CT has become feasible, and must expectation has been placed on the elucidation of brain functions. The conditions required for in vitro processes cannot be realized in strict sense in vivo. The quantitative measurement of in vivo tracer method is carried out by measuring the accumulation and movement of a tracer after its administration. The movement model of the mapping tracer for central nervous receptors is discussed. The quantitative analysis using a steady movement model, the measurement of dopamine receptors by reference method, the measurement of D 2 receptors using 11C-Racloprode by direct method, and the possibility of measuring dynamics bio-reaction are reported. (K.I.)

  16. In vivo potency revisited - Keep the target in sight.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gabrielsson, Johan; Peletier, Lambertus A; Hjorth, Stephan

    2018-04-01

    Potency is a central parameter in pharmacological and biochemical sciences, as well as in drug discovery and development endeavors. It is however typically defined in terms only of ligand to target binding affinity also in in vivo experimentation, thus in a manner analogous to in in vitro studies. As in vivo potency is in fact a conglomerate of events involving ligand, target, and target-ligand complex processes, overlooking some of the fundamental differences between in vivo and in vitro may result in serious mispredictions of in vivo efficacious dose and exposure. The analysis presented in this paper compares potency measures derived from three model situations. Model A represents the closed in vitro system, defining target binding of a ligand when total target and ligand concentrations remain static and constant. Model B describes an open in vivo system with ligand input and clearance (Cl (L) ), adding in parallel to the turnover (k syn , k deg ) of the target. Model C further adds to the open in vivo system in Model B also the elimination of the target-ligand complex (k e(RL) ) via a first-order process. We formulate corresponding equations of the equilibrium (steady-state) relationships between target and ligand, and complex and ligand for each of the three model systems and graphically illustrate the resulting simulations. These equilibrium relationships demonstrate the relative impact of target and target-ligand complex turnover, and are easier to interpret than the more commonly used ligand-, target- and complex concentration-time courses. A new potency expression, labeled L 50 , is then derived. L 50 is the ligand concentration at half-maximal target and complex concentrations and is an amalgamation of target turnover, target-ligand binding and complex elimination parameters estimated from concentration-time data. L 50 is then compared to the dissociation constant K d (target-ligand binding affinity), the conventional Black & Leff potency estimate EC 50

  17. In vivo gluten challenge in coeliac disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HJ Ellis

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available In vivo gluten challenge has been used since the early 1950s to study the role of cereal fractions in celiac disease. While early studies relied on crude indicators of celiac toxicity, the advent of jejunal biopsy and sophisticated immunohistochemical techniques has allowed accurate studies to be performed. Studies to determine the nature of the cereal component that is toxic to patients with celiac disease have concentrated on wheat because of its nutritional importance. A number of in vitro studies indicated the presence of one or more celiac-activating epitopes with the N-terminus of the A-gliadin molecule. In vivo challenge with three synthetic peptides subsequently indicated the toxicity of a peptide corresponding to amino acids 31 to 49 of A-gliadin. In vivo gluten challenge is the gold standard for the assessment of celiac toxicity; however, jejunal biopsy is a relatively invasive procedure, thus, other methods have been investigated. Direct infusion of the rectum with gluten has been shown to result in an increase in mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, occurring only in celiac patients. This method has been used to study the celiac toxicity of gliadin subfractions. The in vitro technique of small intestinal biopsy organ culture is also a useful tool and appears to give the same results as in vivo challenge. The importance of tiny amounts of gliadin in the diet, such as that which occurs in wheat starch, has been studied by in vivo challenge; this technique has clarified the position of oats in the gluten-free diet. Several studies suggest that this cereal may be included in the diet of most adult celiac patients. Studies of the transport of gliadin across the enterocyte following ingestion or challenge suggest that gliadin may be metabolized by a different pathway in celiac disease. This could result in an abnormal presentation to the immune system, triggering a pathogenic rather than a tolerogenic response.

  18. Microstructural imaging of human neocortex in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Edwards, Luke J; Kirilina, Evgeniya; Mohammadi, Siawoosh; Weiskopf, Nikolaus

    2018-03-24

    The neocortex of the human brain is the seat of higher brain function. Modern imaging techniques, chief among them magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow non-invasive imaging of this important structure. Knowledge of the microstructure of the neocortex has classically come from post-mortem histological studies of human tissue, and extrapolations from invasive animal studies. From these studies, we know that the scale of important neocortical structure spans six orders of magnitude, ranging from the size of axonal diameters (microns), to the size of cortical areas responsible for integrating sensory information (centimetres). MRI presents an opportunity to move beyond classical methods, because MRI is non-invasive and MRI contrast is sensitive to neocortical microstructure over all these length scales. MRI thus allows inferences to be made about neocortical microstructure in vivo, i.e. MRI-based in vivo histology. We review recent literature that has applied and developed MRI-based in vivo histology to probe the microstructure of the human neocortex, focusing specifically on myelin, iron, and neuronal fibre mapping. We find that applications such as cortical parcellation (using R 1 maps as proxies for myelin content) and investigation of cortical iron deposition with age (using R 2 * maps) are already contributing to the frontiers of knowledge in neuroscience. Neuronal fibre mapping in the cortex remains challenging in vivo, but recent improvements in diffusion MRI hold promise for exciting applications in the near future. The literature also suggests that utilising multiple complementary quantitative MRI maps could increase the specificity of inferences about neocortical microstructure relative to contemporary techniques, but that further investment in modelling is required to appropriately combine the maps. In vivo histology of human neocortical microstructure is undergoing rapid development. Future developments will improve its specificity, sensitivity, and

  19. Nevomelanocytic atypia detection by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ingrida Vaišnorienė

    2014-01-01

    Conclusions: Nevus with histopathologically confirmed nevomelanocytic atypia (dysplastic nevus could not be distinguished from nevus without atypia using analyzed in vivo RCM features of melanocytic atypia. More accurate diagnostics by means of in vivo RCM needs further investigation on reflectance of single and nested cutaneous melanocytes in benign and malignant skin lesions.

  20. Reflexiones sobre la seguridad social: un punto de vista evolutivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alonso Gómez Duque

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available La teoría de la evolución de las especies estableció que la selección natural o "predominio del más fuerte" es la responsable de la supervivencia. Según Darwin, el proceso es determinado por la capacidad de sobrevivir en un medio adverso, y solo aquellos capaces de dominar la adversidad, tienen derecho a proyectarse en su progenie y así determinar la línea evolutiva. Según esto, sólo el más fuerte sobrevive y puede, con ello, heredar a sus descendientes su fortaleza para sobrevivir. En esta forma se asegura que los hijos de los fuertes, sean lo suficientemente fuertes como para perpetuar la especie. Un elemento interesante, destacado por algunos estudiosos de la supervivencia de las especies, es el hecho de que, el límite biológico de la supervivencia en los mamíferos, coincide con el final de la vida reproductiva. En efecto, tal como lo señala el doctor Eccles, los mamíferos mueren poco después de que su capacidad para procrear llega a su fin. En un interesante análisis, el autor muestra que ningún miembro de esta gran familia se escapa a esta norma.

  1. Effective in vivo and ex vivo gene transfer to intestinal mucosa by VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kasahara Noriyuki

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Gene transfer to the gastrointestinal (GI mucosa is a therapeutic strategy which could prove particularly advantageous for treatment of various hereditary and acquired intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, GI infections, and cancer. Methods We evaluated vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein envelope (VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LV for efficacy of gene transfer to both murine rectosigmoid colon in vivo and human colon explants ex vivo. LV encoding beta-galactosidase (LV-β-Gal or firefly-luciferase (LV-fLuc reporter genes were administered by intrarectal instillation in mice, or applied topically for ex vivo transduction of human colorectal explant tissues from normal individuals. Macroscopic and histological evaluations were performed to assess any tissue damage or inflammation. Transduction efficiency and systemic biodistribution were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. LV-fLuc expression was evaluated by ex vivo bioluminescence imaging. LV-β-Gal expression and identity of transduced cell types were examined by histochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Results Imaging studies showed positive fLuc signals in murine distal colon; β-Gal-positive cells were found in both murine and human intestinal tissue. In the murine model, β-Gal-positive epithelial and lamina propria cells were found to express cytokeratin, CD45, and CD4. LV-transduced β-Gal-positive cells were also seen in human colorectal explants, consisting mainly of CD45, CD4, and CD11c-positive cells confined to the LP. Conclusions We have demonstrated the feasibility of LV-mediated gene transfer into colonic mucosa. We also identified differential patterns of mucosal gene transfer dependent on whether murine or human tissue was used. Within the limitations of the study, the LV did not appear to induce mucosal damage and were not distributed beyond the distal colon.

  2. Gravitational physiology of human immune cells: a review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cogoli, A.

    1996-01-01

    The study of the function of immune cells in microgravity has been studied for more than 20 years in several laboratories. It is clear today that the immune system is depressed in more than 50% of the astronauts during and after space flight and that the activation of T lymphocytes by mitogens in vitro changes dramatically. This article gives an overview of the gravitational studies conducted by our laboratory in Spacelab, in MIR station, in sounding rockets and on the ground in the clinostat and the centrifuge. Three experimental approaches are followed in our work: (i) Ex vivo studies are performed with blood samples drawn from astronauts; (ii) in vivo studies are based on the application of seven antigens to the skin of the astronauts; (iii) in vitro studies are carried out with immune cells purified from the blood of healthy donors (not astronauts). The data from our in vivo and ex vivo studies are in agreement with those of other laboratories and show that the immunological function is depressed in the majority of astronauts as a consequence of the stress of space flight rather than by a direct influence of gravity on the cell. Immune depression may become a critical hazard on long duration flights on space stations or to other planets. In vitro experiments show that cultures of free-floating lymphocytes and monocytes undergo a dramatic depression of activation by the mitogen concanavalin A, while activation is more than doubled when the cells are attached to microcarrier beads. Such effects may be attributed to both direct and indirect effects of gravitational unloading on basic biological mechanisms of the cell. While the in vitro data are very important to clarify certain aspects of the biological mechanism of T cells activation, they are not descriptive of the changes of the immunological function of the astronauts.

  3. Functional imaging of the multidrug resistance in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Jae Tae

    2001-01-01

    Although diverse mechanisms are involved in multidrug resistance for chemotherapeutic drugs, the development of cellular P-glycoprotein(Pgp) and multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP) are improtant factors in the chemotherapy failure to cancer. Various detection assays provide information about the presence of drug efflux pumps at the mRNA and protein levels. However these methods do not yield information about dynamic function of Pgp and MRP in vivo. Single photon emission tomograpy (SPECT) and positron emission tomograpy (PET) are available for the detection of Pgp and MRP-mediated transport. 99m Tc-sestaMIBI and other 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals are substrates for Pgp and MRP, and have been used in clinical studies of tumor imaging, and to visualize blockade of Pgp-mediated transport after modulation of Pgp pump. Colchicine, verapamil and daunorubicin labeled with 11 C have been evaluated for the quantification of Pgp-mediated transport with PET in vivo and reported to be feasible substrates with which to image Pgp function in tumors. Leukotrienes are specific substrates for MRP and N- (11 C]acetyl-leukotriene E4 provides an opportunity to study MRP function non-invasively in vivo. Results obtained from recent publications are reviewed to confirm the feasibility of using SPECT and PET to study the functionality of MDR transportes in vivo

  4. Repeated swim stress alters brain benzodiazepine receptors measured in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weizman, R.; Weizman, A.; Kook, K.A.; Vocci, F.; Deutsch, S.I.; Paul, S.M.

    1989-01-01

    The effects of repeated swim stress on brain benzodiazepine receptors were examined in the mouse using both an in vivo and in vitro binding method. Specific in vivo binding of [ 3 H]Ro15-1788 to benzodiazepine receptors was decreased in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain and striatum after repeated swim stress (7 consecutive days of daily swim stress) when compared to nonstressed mice. In vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding was unaltered after repeated swim stress in the cerebellum and pons medulla. The stress-induced reduction in in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding did not appear to be due to altered cerebral blood flow or to an alteration in benzodiazepine metabolism or biodistribution because there was no difference in [14C]iodoantipyrine distribution or whole brain concentrations of clonazepam after repeated swim stress. Saturation binding experiments revealed a change in both apparent maximal binding capacity and affinity after repeated swim stress. Moreover, a reduction in clonazepam's anticonvulsant potency was also observed after repeated swim stress [an increase in the ED50 dose for protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures], although there was no difference in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure threshold between the two groups. In contrast to the results obtained in vivo, no change in benzodiazepine receptor binding kinetics was observed using the in vitro binding method. These data suggest that environmental stress can alter the binding parameters of the benzodiazepine receptor and that the in vivo and in vitro binding methods can yield substantially different results

  5. Repeated swim stress alters brain benzodiazepine receptors measured in vivo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Weizman, R.; Weizman, A.; Kook, K.A.; Vocci, F.; Deutsch, S.I.; Paul, S.M.

    1989-06-01

    The effects of repeated swim stress on brain benzodiazepine receptors were examined in the mouse using both an in vivo and in vitro binding method. Specific in vivo binding of (/sup 3/H)Ro15-1788 to benzodiazepine receptors was decreased in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain and striatum after repeated swim stress (7 consecutive days of daily swim stress) when compared to nonstressed mice. In vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding was unaltered after repeated swim stress in the cerebellum and pons medulla. The stress-induced reduction in in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding did not appear to be due to altered cerebral blood flow or to an alteration in benzodiazepine metabolism or biodistribution because there was no difference in (14C)iodoantipyrine distribution or whole brain concentrations of clonazepam after repeated swim stress. Saturation binding experiments revealed a change in both apparent maximal binding capacity and affinity after repeated swim stress. Moreover, a reduction in clonazepam's anticonvulsant potency was also observed after repeated swim stress (an increase in the ED50 dose for protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures), although there was no difference in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure threshold between the two groups. In contrast to the results obtained in vivo, no change in benzodiazepine receptor binding kinetics was observed using the in vitro binding method. These data suggest that environmental stress can alter the binding parameters of the benzodiazepine receptor and that the in vivo and in vitro binding methods can yield substantially different results.

  6. Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography for In Vivo Radiopharmaceutical Imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jianghong Zhong

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI is a cost-effective molecular imaging tool for biomedical applications of radiotracers. The introduction of Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT relative to planar CLI can be compared to the development of X-ray CT based on radiography. With CLT, quantitative and localized analysis of a radiopharmaceutical distribution becomes feasible. In this contribution, a feasibility study of in vivo radiopharmaceutical imaging in heterogeneous medium is presented. Coupled with a multimodal in vivo imaging system, this CLT reconstruction method allows precise anatomical registration of the positron probe in heterogeneous tissues and facilitates the more widespread application of radiotracers. Source distribution inside the small animal is obtained from CLT reconstruction. The experimental results demonstrated that CLT can be employed as an available in vivo tomographic imaging of charged particle emitters in a heterogeneous medium.

  7. Visualization of multidrug resistance in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hendrikse, N.H.; Franssen, E.J.F.; Graaf, W.T.A. van der; Vries, E.G.E. de; Vaalburg, W.

    1999-01-01

    Various mechanisms are involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) for chemotherapeutic drugs, such as the drug efflux pumps, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). In this review the mechanisms involved in MDR are described and results are reviewed with particular attention to the in vivo imaging of Pgp and MRP. Various detection assays provide information about the presence of drug efflux pumps at the mRNA and protein levels. However, these methods do not yield information about the dynamic function of Pgp and MRP in vivo. For the study of Pgp- and MRP-mediated transport, single-photon emission tomography (SPET) and positron emission tomography (PET) are available. Technetium-99m sestamibi is a substrate for Pgp and MRP, and has been used in clinical studies for tumour imaging, and to visualize blockade of Pgp-mediated transport after modulation of the Pgp pump. Other 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals, such as 99m Tc-tetrofosmin and several 99 Tc-Q complexes, are also substrates for Pgp, but to date only results from in vitro and animal studies are available for these compounds. Several agents, including [ 11 C]colchicine, [ 11 C]verapamil and [ 11 C]daunorubicin, have been evaluated for the quantification of Pgp-mediated transport with PET in vivo. The results suggest that radiolabelled colchicine, verapamil and daunorubicin are feasible substrates with which to image Pgp function in tumours. Uptake of [ 11 C]colchicine and [ 11 C]verapamil is relatively high in the chest area, reducing the value of both tracers for monitoring Pgp-mediated drug transport in tumours located in this region. In addition, it has to be borne in mind that only comparison of Pgp-mediated transport of radioalabelled substrates in the absence and in the presence of Pgp blockade gives quantitative information on Pgp-mediated pharmacokinetics. Leukotrienes are specific substrates for MRP. Therefore, N-[ 11 C]acetyl-leukotriene E 4 provides an opportunity to study MRP

  8. Radiosensitization in vitro and in vivo by 3-nitrotriazoles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shibamoto, Y.; Sakano, K.; Kimura, R.; Nishidai, T.; Nishimoto, S.; Ono, K.; Kagiya, T.; Abe, M.

    1986-01-01

    A series of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole derivatives bearing various types of side chain (R) at the N1-position (AK-2000 series) were synthesized and their radiosensitizing effect and toxicity in vitro and in vivo were investigated, in comparison with those of Misonidazole (MISO), SR-2508, and RSU-1069. Of the fifteen 3-nitrotriazoles tested, all had sensitizing effects in vitro on hypoxic V79 cells. Also, all but one had definite effects on solid EMT6/KU and SCCVII tumors in vivo. For many of the triazole compounds, the degree of radiosensitization in vitro and in vivo appeared identical. However, they were generally less efficient, both in vitro and in vivo, than the corresponding 2-nitroimidazoles, whereas their aerobic cytotoxicity and toxicity to mice (LD50/7) were comparable to those of the 2-nitroimidazoles. Considering the sensitizing effect and toxicity, AK-2123 (R = CH 2 CONHC 2 H 4 OCH 3 ) may be as useful as MISO, but none of the triazoles have been proved to be superior to SR-2508

  9. Ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of microemulsion based transdermal delivery of E. coli specific T4 bacteriophage: A rationale approach to treat bacterial infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rastogi, Vaibhav; Yadav, Pragya; Verma, Anurag; Pandit, Jayanta K

    2017-09-30

    This study is focused on the development and evaluation of transdermal delivery of E. coli-specific T4 bacteriophages both ex-vivo and in-vivo using microemulsion as delivery carrier in eradicating the infection caused by E. coli. Microemulsions were prepared by mixing selected oil, surfactants and aqueous phase containing bacteriophages. The formulations were subjected to physicochemical characterization, ex-vivo and in-vivo permeation, stability studies, histological and immunofluorescence examination. The colloidal system exhibits a uniform size distribution, of finite size (150-320nm). Transmission electron microscopy revealed the encapsulation of bacteriophage in the aqueous globule. Ex-vivo permeation across skin was successfully achieved as 6×10 6 PFU/mL and 6.7×10 6 PFU/mL of T4 permeated from ME 6% and 10%, respectively. ME 6% was found to be thermodynamically stable and in-vivo permeation resulted in 5.49×10 5 PFU/mL of bacteriophages in the blood of the E. coli challenged rats, while 2.48×10 5 PFU/mL was detected in germ free rats, at the end of the study. Infected rats that were treated with bacteriophage were survived while significant mortality was observed in others. Histological and IL-6 immunofluorescence examination of the tissues revealed the efficacy/safety of the therapy. The microemulsion-based transdermal delivery of bacteriophage could be a promising approach to treat the infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Formulation and In vitro/In vivo Evaluation of Sustained Release ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Conclusion: A fair correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo data was found. The results obtained indicate successful development of a sustained release formulation of diltiazem. Keywords: Diltiazem, Matrix tablet, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Eudragit, In vitro/in vivo correlation, Optimization ...

  11. Critical considerations when planning experimental in vivo studies in dental traumatology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andreasen, Jens O; Andersson, Lars

    2011-08-01

    In vivo studies are sometimes needed to understand healing processes after trauma. For several reasons, not the least ethical, such studies have to be carefully planned and important considerations have to be taken into account about suitability of the experimental model, sample size and optimizing the accuracy of the analysis. Several manuscripts of in vivo studies are submitted for publication to Dental Traumatology and rejected because of inadequate design, methodology or insufficient documentation of the results. The authors have substantial experience in experimental in vivo studies of tissue healing in dental traumatology and share their knowledge regarding critical considerations when planning experimental in vivo studies. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

  12. Liver volume measurement: reason of the difference between in vivo CT-volumetry and intraoperative ex vivo determination and how to cope it

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Niehues SM

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Purpose Volumetric assessment of the liver regularly yields discrepant results between pre- and intraoperatively determined volumes. Nevertheless, the main factor responsible for this discrepancy remains still unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically determine the difference between in vivo CT-volumetry and ex vivo volumetry in a pig animal model. Material and Methods Eleven pigs were studied. Liver density assessment, CT-volumetry and water displacement volumetry was performed after surgical removal of the complete liver. Known possible errors of volume determination like resection or segmentation borders were eliminated in this model. Regression analysis was performed and differences between CT-volumetry and water displacement determined. Results Median liver density was 1.07 g/ml. Regression analysis showed a high correlation of r2 = 0.985 between CT-volumetry and water displacement. CTvolumetry was found to be 13% higher than water displacement volumetry (p Conclusion In this study the only relevant factor leading to the difference between in vivo CT-volumetry and ex vivo water displacement volumetry seems to be blood perfusion of the liver. The systematic difference of 13 percent has to be taken in account when dealing with those measures.

  13. Soft tissue influence on ex vivo mobility in the hip of Iguana: comparison with in vivo movement and its bearing on joint motion of fossil sprawling tetrapods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arnold, Patrick; Fischer, Martin S; Nyakatura, John A

    2014-07-01

    The reconstruction of a joint's maximum range of mobility (ROM) often is a first step when trying to understand the locomotion of fossil tetrapods. But previous studies suggest that the ROM of a joint is restricted by soft tissues surrounding the joint. To expand the limited informative value of ROM studies for the reconstruction of a fossil species' locomotor characteristics, it is moreover necessary to better understand the relationship of ex vivo ROM with the actual in vivo joint movement. To gain insight into the relationship between ex vivo mobility and in vivo movement, we systematically tested for the influence of soft tissues on joint ROM in the hip of the modern lizard Iguana iguana. Then, we compared the ex vivo mobility to in vivo kinematics of the hip joint in the same specimens using X-ray sequences of steady-state treadmill locomotion previously recorded. With stepwise removal of soft tissues and a repeated-measurement protocol, we show that soft tissues surrounding the hip joint considerably limit ROM, highlighting the problems when joint ROM is deduced from bare bones only. We found the integument to have the largest effect on the range of long-axis rotation, pro- and retraction. Importantly, during locomotion the iguana used only a fragment of the ROM that was measured in our least restrictive dissection situation (i.e. pelvis and femur only conjoined by ligaments), demonstrating the discrepancy between hip joint ROM and actual in vivo movement. Our study emphasizes the necessity for caution when attempting to reconstruct joint ROM or even locomotor kinematics from fossil bones only, as actual in vivo movement cannot be deduced directly from any condition of cadaver mobility in Iguana and likely in other tetrapods. © 2014 Anatomical Society.

  14. Muscle-Driven In Vivo Nanogenerator

    KAUST Repository

    Li, Zhou; Zhu, Guang; Yang, Rusen; Wang, Aurelia C.; Wang, Zhong Lin

    2010-01-01

    of such a nanogenerator in a live rat where it harvests energy generated by its breathing or heart beating. This study shows the potential of applying these nanogenerators for driving in vivo nanodevices. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KCaA, Weinheim.

  15. In vivo virtual intraoperative surgical photoacoustic microscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han, Seunghoon; Kim, Sehui; Kim, Jeehyun; Lee, Changho; Jeon, Mansik; Kim, Chulhong

    2013-01-01

    We developed a virtual intraoperative surgical photoacoustic microscopy system by combining with a commercial surgical microscope and photoacoustic microscope (PAM). By sharing the common optical path in the microscope and PAM system, we could acquire the PAM and microscope images simultaneously. Moreover, by employing a beam projector to back-project 2D PAM images onto the microscope view plane as augmented reality, the conventional microscopic and 2D cross-sectional PAM images are concurrently mapped on the plane via an ocular lens of the microscope in real-time. Further, we guided needle insertion into phantom ex vivo and mice skins in vivo

  16. In vivo virtual intraoperative surgical photoacoustic microscopy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Han, Seunghoon, E-mail: hsh860504@gmail.com; Kim, Sehui, E-mail: sehui0916@nate.com; Kim, Jeehyun, E-mail: jeehk@knu.ac.kr, E-mail: chulhong@postech.edu [School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Changho, E-mail: ch31037@postech.edu; Jeon, Mansik, E-mail: msjeon@postech.edu [Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Chulhong, E-mail: jeehk@knu.ac.kr, E-mail: chulhong@postech.edu [Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14221 (United States)

    2013-11-11

    We developed a virtual intraoperative surgical photoacoustic microscopy system by combining with a commercial surgical microscope and photoacoustic microscope (PAM). By sharing the common optical path in the microscope and PAM system, we could acquire the PAM and microscope images simultaneously. Moreover, by employing a beam projector to back-project 2D PAM images onto the microscope view plane as augmented reality, the conventional microscopic and 2D cross-sectional PAM images are concurrently mapped on the plane via an ocular lens of the microscope in real-time. Further, we guided needle insertion into phantom ex vivo and mice skins in vivo.

  17. In vivo and In vitro Evaluations of Intestinal Gabapentin Absorption

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Malte Selch; Frølund, Sidsel; Nøhr, Martha Kampp

    2015-01-01

    of gabapentin by both in vivo and in vitro investigations METHODS: Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined following a range of intravenous (5-100 mg/kg) and oral doses (10-200 mg/kg) in rats. Transepithelial transport (50 μM-50 mM) and apical uptake of gabapentin (0.01-50 mM) were investigated in Caco-2...... cells. The effect of co-application of the LAT-inhibitor, BCH, and the b(0,+)-substrate, L-lysine, on intestinal transport of gabapentin was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: Gabapentin showed dose-dependent oral absorption kinetics and dose-independent disposition kinetics. Co-application of BCH...... inhibited intestinal absorption in vivo and apical uptake in vitro, whereas no effect was observed following co-application of L-lysine. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows for the first time that BCH was capable of inhibiting intestinal absorption of gabapentin in vivo. Furthermore, in Caco-2 cell...

  18. Oncology In Vivo Data Integration for Hypothesis Generation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wei Jia

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available AstraZeneca’s Oncology in vivo data integration platform brings multidimensional data from animal model efficacy, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to animal model profiling data and public in vivo studies. Using this platform, scientists can cluster model efficacy and model profiling data together, quickly identify responder profiles and correlate molecular characteristics to pharmacological response. Through meta-analysis, scientists can compare pharmacology between single and combination treatments, between different drug scheduling and administration routes.

  19. Measuring protein breakdown rate in individual proteins in vivo

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, Lars; Kjaer, Michael

    2010-01-01

    To outline different approaches of how protein breakdown can be quantified and to present a new approach to determine the fractional breakdown rate of individual slow turnover proteins in vivo.......To outline different approaches of how protein breakdown can be quantified and to present a new approach to determine the fractional breakdown rate of individual slow turnover proteins in vivo....

  20. MRI parcellation of ex vivo medial temporal lobe.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Augustinack, Jean C; Magnain, Caroline; Reuter, Martin; van der Kouwe, André J W; Boas, David; Fischl, Bruce

    2014-06-01

    Recent advancements in radio frequency coils, field strength and sophisticated pulse sequences have propelled modern brain mapping and have made validation to biological standards - histology and pathology - possible. The medial temporal lobe has long been established as a pivotal brain region for connectivity, function and unique structure in the human brain, and reveals disconnection in mild Alzheimer's disease. Specific brain mapping of mesocortical areas affected with neurofibrillary tangle pathology early in disease progression provides not only an accurate description for location of these areas but also supplies spherical coordinates that allow comparison between other ex vivo cases and larger in vivo datasets. We have identified several cytoarchitectonic features in the medial temporal lobe with high resolution ex vivo MRI, including gray matter structures such as the entorhinal layer II 'islands', perirhinal layer II-III columns, presubicular 'clouds', granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus as well as lamina of the hippocampus. Localization of Brodmann areas 28 and 35 (entorhinal and perirhinal, respectively) demonstrates MRI based area boundaries validated with multiple methods and histological stains. Based on our findings, both myelin and Nissl staining relate to contrast in ex vivo MRI. Precise brain mapping serves to create modern atlases for cortical areas, allowing accurate localization with important applications to detecting early disease processes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Bajo impacto de la infección silente por el virus de la hepatitis B en la incidencia de hepatitis postransfusional en Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gutiérrez Cristina

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Detectar la presencia de ADN del VHB en sueros de donantes de sangre negativos en las pruebas de los marcadores serológicos de hepatitis B empleados en el tamizaje, con el fin de evaluar el impacto de la infección silente por VHB sobre la incidencia de hepatitis B postransfusional en Venezuela. Métodos. Los sueros de 2 075 donantes de sangre negativos en las pruebas de los marcadores serológicos pesquisados en bancos de sangre venezolanos fueron analizados en 53 muestras, compuestas por la mezcla de 25-50 donaciones (0,5-1,0 mL de cada suero. Estas fueron sometidos a ultracentrifugación previa a la extracción del ADN viral por el método de proteinasa K-fenol-cloroformo. Resultados. En estas mezclas de sueros no se detectó ADN del VHB en ninguno de dos ensayos anidados de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, mediante cebadores altamente conservados de las regiones que codifican el antígeno de superficie y de la cápside virales. Se observaron niveles normales de aminotransferasas en 98% de 200 sueros evaluados. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que el riesgo de adquirir hepatitis B postransfusional en Venezuela es bajo.

  2. Modeling the in vivo case with in vitro nanotoxicity data.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shelley, Michael L; Wagner, Andrew J; Hussain, Saber M; Bleckmann, Charles

    2008-01-01

    As more in vitro nanotoxicity data appear in the literature, these findings must be translated to in vivo effects to define nanoparticle exposure risk. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has played a significant role in guiding and validating in vivo studies for molecular chemical exposure and can develop as a significant tool in guiding similar nanotoxicity studies. This study models the population dynamics of a single cell type within a specific tissue. It is the first attempt to model the in vitro effects of a nanoparticle exposure, in this case aluminum (80 nm) and its impact on a population of rat alveolar macrophages (Wagner et al. 2007, J. Phys. Chem. B 111:7353-7359). The model demonstrates how in vitro data can be used within a simulation setting of in vivo cell dynamics and suggests that PBPK models should be developed quickly to interpret nanotoxicity data, guide in vivo study design, and accelerate nanoparticle risk assessment.

  3. In Vivo H MR spectroscopic imaging of human brain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Choe, Bo Young; Suh, Tae Suk; Choi, Kyo Ho; Bahk, Yong Whee; Shinn, Kyung Sub

    1994-01-01

    To evaluate the spatial distribution of various proton metabolites in the human brain with use of water-suppressed in vivo H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) technique. All of water-suppressed in vivo H MRSI were performed on 1.5 T whole-body MRI/MRS system using Stimulated Echo Acquisition Method (STEAM) Chemical Shift Imaging (CSI) pulse sequence. T1-weighted MR images were used for CSI field of view (FOV; 24 cm). Voxel size of 1.5 cm 3 was designated from the periphery of the brain which was divided by 1024 X 16 X 16 data points. Metabolite images of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine/ phosphocreatine (Cr) + choline/phosphocholine (Cho), and complex of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) + glutamate (Glu) were obtained on the human brain. Our preliminary study suggests that in vivo H MRSI could provide the metabolite imaging to compensate for hypermetabolism on Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans on the basis of the metabolic informations on brain tissues. The unique ability of in vivo H MRSI to offer noninvasive information about tissue biochemistry in disease states will stimulate on clinical research and disease diagnosis

  4. In vitro transcription accurately predicts lac repressor phenotype in vivo in Escherichia coli

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matthew Almond Sochor

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available A multitude of studies have looked at the in vivo and in vitro behavior of the lac repressor binding to DNA and effector molecules in order to study transcriptional repression, however these studies are not always reconcilable. Here we use in vitro transcription to directly mimic the in vivo system in order to build a self consistent set of experiments to directly compare in vivo and in vitro genetic repression. A thermodynamic model of the lac repressor binding to operator DNA and effector is used to link DNA occupancy to either normalized in vitro mRNA product or normalized in vivo fluorescence of a regulated gene, YFP. An accurate measurement of repressor, DNA and effector concentrations were made both in vivo and in vitro allowing for direct modeling of the entire thermodynamic equilibrium. In vivo repression profiles are accurately predicted from the given in vitro parameters when molecular crowding is considered. Interestingly, our measured repressor–operator DNA affinity differs significantly from previous in vitro measurements. The literature values are unable to replicate in vivo binding data. We therefore conclude that the repressor-DNA affinity is much weaker than previously thought. This finding would suggest that in vitro techniques that are specifically designed to mimic the in vivo process may be necessary to replicate the native system.

  5. In vivo dosimetry with L-alpha-alanine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boey, R; Van Der Velden, K [Industriele Hogeschool van het Gemeenschapsonderwijs Limburg, Hasselt (Belgium); Schaeken, B [Algemeen Ziekenhuis Middelheim, Antwerp (Belgium). Dept. of Radiotherapy

    1995-12-01

    When organic substances are irradiated, stable electrons can be formed. The concentration of these electrons is detected via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), a non-destructive form of dosimetry. L-alpha-alanine is extremely suited as a detector because of its high stability and high yield of unpaired electrons. With an EMS 104 spectrometer, we measure the peak-to-peak value of the first derivate of the resonance-spectrum. This value is proportional to the concentration of unpaired electrons and therefore with the absorbed dose. Prior to the in vivo measurements in teletherapy, a calibration curve had to be established. This clearly showed a linear relationship between the EPR-signal and the absorbed dose, except for very low dose where precision was low (20% 1 sd). This indicates that the background signal of the dosimeter is strongly orientation dependent. For this reason it was decided to use pre-irradiated detectors. A number of in vivo measurements has been performed. It was found that the error propagation plays a major role in the calculation of the measured absorbed dose, in the range 1 Gy-6 Gy. Contrary to in vivo measurements in brachytherapy, where higher doses are measured, large uncertainties (30% 1 sd) on the entry dose calculations were observed. For this reason, it is recommended to use a statistical method of reducing this standard deviation to an acceptable level. The proposed method, consisting of 2 detectors and the usage of weight coefficients on our standard deviations, gave promising results. However, theoretical calculations and in vivo measurements show that this method is still not satisfactory to reduce the uncertainty to an acceptable standard in clinical situations.

  6. Contracting in vivo research: what are the issues?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Underwood, Wendy J

    2007-07-01

    As a result of increasing internal and external pressures, research institutions are using contract research organizations for the conduct of in vivo research. Many issues arise when contracting animal research, including concern regarding animal health and welfare. Each sponsor institution should develop a program for outsourced in vivo research that evaluates and ensures appropriate care and use of research animals. Each sponsoring institution should consider establishing a policy and procedure for how outsourced in vivo studies will be approved, conducted, and monitored. An approved list of contract facilities can be established on the basis of accepted standards for animal care and use. Written contracts should include confidentiality agreements, the delineation of animal ownership, and the expectation to comply with all applicable regulations and guidelines for research animal care and use. Finally, a process for communication of adverse study or animal welfare events should be established. Thorough evaluation of contract organizations will help ensure appropriate research animal care and use.

  7. In-vivo elemental analysis at Birmingham 1968-1981

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chettle, D.R.; Scott, M.C.

    1986-01-01

    Techniques have been developed to measure a number of elements in-vivo. Some have been measured by producing a radioactive isotope in the body by neutron bombardment and subsequently counting γ-rays given off during its decay. Measurements of calcium and sodium have been those most frequently used; copper, iron and phosphorus have also been measured in this way. Gamma-rays emitted 10 -18 s-10 -12 s following neutron capture have also been used for elemental analysis. This method, which involved detectors being in position by the subject during the neutron irradiation, has been widely applied to measurements of both nitrogen and cadmium. Preliminary studies of nuclear resonance scattering have suggested that this could be used for in-vivo elemental analysis, provided technical difficulties in source preparation could be overcome. Recently the use of X-ray fluorescence has been investigated for in-vivo analyses of lead in bone; the extension of this technique to measure mercury in the kidney is under consideration. (author)

  8. Quality management in in vivo proton MRS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pedrosa de Barros, Nuno; Slotboom, Johannes

    2017-07-15

    The quality of MR-Spectroscopy data can easily be affected in in vivo applications. Several factors may produce signal artefacts, and often these are not easily detected, not even by experienced spectroscopists. Reliable and reproducible in vivo MRS-data requires the definition of quality requirements and goals, implementation of measures to guarantee quality standards, regular control of data quality, and a continuous search for quality improvement. The first part of this review includes a general introduction to different aspects of quality management in MRS. It is followed by the description of a series of tests and phantoms that can be used to assure the quality of the MR system. In the third part, several methods and strategies used for quality control of the spectroscopy data are presented. This review concludes with a reference to a few interesting techniques and aspects that may help to further improve the quality of in vivo MR-spectra. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. A randomized comparison of laparoscopic, flexible endoscopic, and wired and wireless magnetic cameras on ex vivo and in vivo NOTES surgical performance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Victoria C; Tang, Shou-Jiang; Swain, C Paul; Bergs, Richard; Paramo, Juan; Hogg, Deborah C; Fernandez, Raul; Cadeddu, Jeffrey A; Scott, Daniel J

    2013-08-01

    The influence of endoscopic video camera (VC) image quality on surgical performance has not been studied. Flexible endoscopes are used as substitutes for laparoscopes in natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), but their optics are originally designed for intralumenal use. Manipulable wired or wireless independent VCs might offer advantages for NOTES but are still under development. To measure the optical characteristics of 4 VC systems and to compare their impact on the performance of surgical suturing tasks. VC systems included a laparoscope (Storz 10 mm), a flexible endoscope (Olympus GIF 160), and 2 prototype deployable cameras (magnetic anchoring and guidance system [MAGS] Camera and PillCam). In a randomized fashion, the 4 systems were evaluated regarding standardized optical characteristics and surgical manipulations of previously validated ex vivo (fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery model) and in vivo (live porcine Nissen model) tasks; objective metrics (time and errors/precision) and combined surgeon (n = 2) performance were recorded. Subtle differences were detected for color tests, and field of view was variable (65°-115°). Suitable resolution was detected up to 10 cm for the laparoscope and MAGS camera but only at closer distances for the endoscope and PillCam. Compared with the laparoscope, surgical suturing performances were modestly lower for the MAGS camera and significantly lower for the endoscope (ex vivo) and PillCam (ex vivo and in vivo). This study documented distinct differences in VC systems that may be used for NOTES in terms of both optical characteristics and surgical performance. Additional work is warranted to optimize cameras for NOTES. Deployable systems may be especially well suited for this purpose.

  10. Free-radical probes for functional in vivo EPR imaging

    Science.gov (United States)

    Subramanian, S.; Krishna, M. C.

    2007-02-01

    Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) is one of the recent functional imaging modalities that can provide valuable in vivo physiological information on its own merit and aids as a complimentary imaging technique to MRI and PET of tissues especially with respect to in vivo pO II (oxygen partial pressure), redox status and pharmacology. EPR imaging mainly deals with the measurement of distribution and in vivo dynamics and redox changes using special nontoxic paramagnetic spin probes that can be infused into the object of investigation. These spin probes should be characterized by simple EPR spectra, preferably with narrow EPR lines. The line width should be reversibly sensitive to the concentration of in vivo pO II with a linear dependence. Several non-toxic paramagnetic probes, some particulate and insoluble and others water-soluble and infusible (by intravenous or intramuscular injection) have been developed which can be effectively used to quantitatively assess tissue redox status, and tumor hypoxia. Quantitative assessment of the redox status of tissue in vivo is important in investigating oxidative stress, and that of tissue pO II is very important in radiation oncology. Other areas in which EPR imaging and oxymetry may help are in the investigation of tumorangiogenesis, wound healing, oxygenation of tumor tissue by the ingestion of oxygen-rich gases, etc. The correct choice of the spin probe will depend on the modality of measurement (whether by CW or time-domain EPR imaging) and the particular physiology interrogated. Examples of the available spin probes and some EPR imaging applications employing them are presented.

  11. In vivo monitoring of angiogenesis within Matrigel chambers using MRI

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, David; Ley, Carsten Dan; Søgaard, Lise Vejby

    2006-01-01

    Angiogenesis is a critical process in tumour development and presents an important target for the development of a range of anti-cancer agents . To assess the in vivo efficacy of these ‘angiotherapeutics', a simple and reproducible in vivo model would be of significant value. Here we show...

  12. Persistence of DNA studied in different ex vivo and in vivo rat models simulating the human gut situation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wilcks, Andrea; van Hoek, A.H.A.M.; Joosten, R.G.

    2004-01-01

    This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of DNA sequences from genetically modified plants to persist in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. PCR analysis and transformation assays were used to study DNA persistence and integrity in various ex vivo and in vivo systems using gnotobiotic rats. DNA......, plasmid DNA could be recovered throughout the GI tract when intestinal samples were taken up to 5 h after feeding rats with plasmid. Furthermore, DNA isolated from these intestinal samples was able to transform electro-competent Escherichia coli, showing that the plasmid was still biologically active....... The results indicate that ingested DNA may persist in the GI tract and consequently may be present for uptake by intestinal bacteria....

  13. Light Emission Requires Exposure to the Atmosphere in Ex Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yusuke Inoue

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available The identification of organs bearing luciferase activity by in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI is often difficult, and ex vivo imaging of excised organs plays a complementary role. This study investigated the importance of exposure to the atmosphere in ex vivo BLI. Mice were inoculated with murine pro-B cell line Ba/F3 transduced with firefly luciferase and p190 BCR-ABL. They were killed following in vivo BLI, and whole-body imaging was done after death and then after intraperitoneal air injection. In addition, the right knee was exposed and imaged before and after the adjacent bones were cut. Extensive light signals were seen on in vivo imaging. The luminescence disappeared after the animal was killed, and air injection restored the light emission from the abdomen only, suggesting a critical role of atmospheric oxygen in luminescence after death. Although no substantial light signal at the right knee was seen before bone cutting, light emission was evident after cutting. In conclusion, in ex vivo BLI, light emission requires exposure to the atmosphere. Bone destruction is required to demonstrate luciferase activity in the bone marrow after death.

  14. Effects of ex-vivo and in-vivo treatment with probiotics on the inflammasome in dogs with chronic enteropathy.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silke Schmitz

    Full Text Available Inflammasomes coordinate the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 in response to danger signals. They are vital for maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and have been linked to chronic intestinal inflammation in humans. Probiotics have been advocated as treatment in intestinal inflammation. So far, no study has investigated the role of the inflammasome in canine chronic enteropathy (CE. In this study the intestinal expression of inflammasome components was assessed in CE dogs compared to controls, when treated with probiotic Enterococcus faecium (EF ex-vivo and in-vivo. RNA extraction from endoscopic biopsies and reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR was performed for NLRP3, casp-1, IL-1β and IL-18. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate protein expression in tissues. Gene expression of casp-1 and NLRP3 was lower in CE samples than controls. Ex-vivo treatment with EF reduced NLRP3 expression in control samples. Treatment of CE dogs with EF alongside dietary intervention had no effect on gene expression. In contrast, IL-1β protein expression in CE decreased with dietary treatment (but not with probiotics. The results of this study suggest that the inflammasome or its components may be partially involved in the inflammatory process seen in CE, but distinct from intestinal inflammation in humans.

  15. Donación de órganos

    OpenAIRE

    Gamella Maroto, Beatriz

    2014-01-01

    Se analiza la situación actual de donación de órganos en España, qué organismo la regula y cuáles son los marcos legales que se utilizan en todo el proceso. También se ven los diferentes pasos a seguir para poder ser donante de órganos y cómo está la situación en la Comunidad de Castilla y León

  16. Endocavitary in vivo Dosimetry for IMRT Treatments of Gynecologic Tumors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cilla, Savino; Macchia, Gabriella; Digesù, Cinzia; Deodato, Francesco; Sabatino, Domenico; Morganti, Alessio G.; Piermattei, Angelo

    2011-01-01

    The accuracy and reproducibility of endometrial carcinoma treatment with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was assessed by means of in vivo dosimetry. Six patients who had previously undergone radical hysterectomy for endometrial carcinoma were treated with IMRT using a vaginal applicator with radio-opaque fiducial markers. An ion-chamber inserted into the applicator supplied an endocavitary in vivo dosimetry for quality assurance purposes. The ratio R = D/D TPS between the in vivo measured dose D and the predicted dose by the treatment planning system D TPS was determined for every fraction of the treatment. Results showed that 90% and 100% of the ratios resulted equal to 1 within 5% and 10%, respectively. The mean value of the ratios distribution for the 6 patients was R = 0.995 and the SD = 0.034. The ratio R* between the measured and predicted total doses for each patient was near to 1, within 2%. The dosimetric results suggest that the use of a vaginal applicator in an image-guided approach could make the interfractions target position stable and reproducible, allowing a safe use of the IMRT technique in the treatment of postoperative vaginal vault. In vivo dosimetry may supply useful information about the discrimination of random vs. systematic errors. The workload is minimum and this in vivo dosimetry can be applied also in the clinical routine.

  17. Advancing Molecular Therapies through In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anton McCaffrey

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available Effective development of therapeutics that target the molecular basis of disease is dependent on testing new therapeutic moieties and delivery strategies in animal models of human disease. Accelerating the analyses of these models and improving their predictive value through whole animal imaging methods, which provide data in real time and are sensitive to the subtle changes, are crucial for rapid advancement of these approaches. Modalities based on optics are rapid, sensitive, and accessible methods for in vivo analyses with relatively low instrumentation costs. In vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI is one of these optically based imaging methods that enable rapid in vivo analyses of a variety of cellular and molecular events with extreme sensitivity. BLI is based on the use of light-emitting enzymes as internal biological light sources that can be detected externally as biological indicators. BLI has been used to test spatio-temporal expression patterns of both target and therapeutic genes in living laboratory animals where the contextual influences of whole biological systems are preserved. BLI has also been used to analyze gene delivery, immune cell therapies, and the in vivo efficacy of inhibitory RNAs. New tools for BLI are being developed that will offer greater flexibility in detection and analyses. BLI can be used to accelerate the evaluation of experimental therapeutic strategies and whole body imaging offers the opportunity of revealing the effects of novel approaches on key steps in disease processes.

  18. Exploring sex differences in the adult zebra finch brain: In vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo super-resolution track density imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamaide, Julie; De Groof, Geert; Van Steenkiste, Gwendolyn; Jeurissen, Ben; Van Audekerke, Johan; Naeyaert, Maarten; Van Ruijssevelt, Lisbeth; Cornil, Charlotte; Sijbers, Jan; Verhoye, Marleen; Van der Linden, Annemie

    2017-02-01

    Zebra finches are an excellent model to study the process of vocal learning, a complex socially-learned tool of communication that forms the basis of spoken human language. So far, structural investigation of the zebra finch brain has been performed ex vivo using invasive methods such as histology. These methods are highly specific, however, they strongly interfere with performing whole-brain analyses and exclude longitudinal studies aimed at establishing causal correlations between neuroplastic events and specific behavioral performances. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to implement an in vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) protocol sensitive enough to detect structural sex differences in the adult zebra finch brain. Voxel-wise comparison of male and female DTI parameter maps shows clear differences in several components of the song control system (i.e. Area X surroundings, the high vocal center (HVC) and the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (LMAN)), which corroborate previous findings and are in line with the clear behavioral difference as only males sing. Furthermore, to obtain additional insights into the 3-dimensional organization of the zebra finch brain and clarify findings obtained by the in vivo study, ex vivo DTI data of the male and female brain were acquired as well, using a recently established super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) imaging strategy. Interestingly, the SRR-DTI approach led to a marked reduction in acquisition time without interfering with the (spatial and angular) resolution and SNR which enabled to acquire a data set characterized by a 78μm isotropic resolution including 90 diffusion gradient directions within 44h of scanning time. Based on the reconstructed SRR-DTI maps, whole brain probabilistic Track Density Imaging (TDI) was performed for the purpose of super resolved track density imaging, further pushing the resolution up to 40μm isotropic. The DTI and TDI maps realized atlas

  19. In vivo monitoring of heavy metals in man: cadmium and mercury

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ellis, K.J.; Vartsky, D.; Cohn, S.H.

    1982-01-01

    Direct in vivo measurements of selected heavy metals is possible by nuclear analytical techniques. In particular, cadmium and mercury are retained in the body in sufficient quantities for their detection by neutron activation analysis. Autopsy data on cadmium of adult male non-smokers living in the US indicates an average body burden of 30 mg by age 50. The distribution of cadmium in the body, however, is nonuniform, approximately 50% being located in the kidneys and liver. The increased concentration of cadmium within these organs has made possible the direct in vivo measurements of this metal by prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA). At present, in vivo determinations of mercury have been performed on phantoms only. These in vivo techniques provide a unique method of obtaining accurate organ burden data in humans that can be related to the toxicological effects of these metals

  20. Opto-ultrasound imaging in vivo in deep tissue

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Si, Ke; YanXu; Zheng, Yao; Zhu, Xinpei; Gong, Wei

    2016-01-01

    It is of keen importance of deep tissue imaging with high resolution in vivo. Here we present an opto-ultrasound imaging method which utilizes an ultrasound to confine the laser pulse in a very tiny spot as a guide star. The results show that the imaging depth is 2mm with a resolution of 10um. Meanwhile, the excitation power we used is less than 2mW, which indicates that our methods can be applied in vivo without optical toxicity and optical bleaching due to the excitation power. (paper)

  1. A comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods for determining availability of iron from meals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schricker, B.R.; Miller, D.D.; Rasmussen, R.R.; Van Campen, D.

    1981-01-01

    A comparison is made between in vitro and human and rat in vivo methods for estimating food iron availability. Complex meals formulated to replicate meals used by Cook and Monsen (Am J Clin Nutr 1976;29:859) in human iron availability trials were used in the comparison. The meals were prepared by substituting pork, fish, cheese, egg, liver, or chicken for beef in two basic test meals and were evaluated for iron availability using in vitro and rat in vivo methods. When the criterion for comparison was the ability to show statistically significant differences between iron availability in the various meals, there was substantial agreement between the in vitro and human in vivo methods. There was less agreement between the human in vivo and the rat in vivo and between the in vivo and the rat in vivo and between the in vitro and the rat in vivo methods. Correlation analysis indicated significant agreement between in vitro and human in vivo methods. Correlation between the rat in vivo and human in vivo methods were also significant but correlations between the in vitro and rat in vivo methods were less significant and, in some cases, not significant. The comparison supports the contention that the in vitro method allows a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate estimation of nonheme iron availability in complex meals

  2. In vivo dosimetry during breast irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ebert, M.A.; Herbert, C.E.; Joseph, D.J.

    2001-01-01

    Full text: In vivo dosimetry during breast irradiation can be difficult due to frequent use of wedged fields, and the contour of the breast. In vivo measurements of central-axis entrance dose were made on 62 breast patients for two consecutive fractions. Discrepancies from expected doses of up to 13.4 % were found for lateral tangential fields (mean 4.31 %). It was proposed that large discrepancies were due to i) dosimetric I and setup errors, and ii) diode misplacement errors. An investigation of the effect of diode misplacement error was undertaken by reviewing possible measurement errors for 20 randomly selected breast treatments. A Monte Carlo study was used to examine the expected measurement error as a function of the standard deviation (SD) in diode placement error (see figure). A strong relationship was found between breast contour and wedge angle. Diode misplacement in the presence of a large wedge angle was identified as a major possible source of measurement error. For the sample of treatments considered, the Monte Carlo study showed that, ignoring general dosimetric errors, mean errors of 4 % are feasible for setup errors of the order of 1 cm (the width of the diode). This study has shown that accurate in vivo dosimetry requires separating measurements errors out from diode readings in order not to overestimate the actual dosimetric errors occurring at treatment time. Copyright (2001) Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine

  3. Non-viral gene therapy that targets motor neurons in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mary-Louise eRogers

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available A major challenge in neurological gene therapy is safe delivery of transgenes to sufficient cell numbers from the circulation or periphery. This is particularly difficult for diseases involving spinal cord motor neurons such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS. We have examined the feasibility of non-viral gene delivery to spinal motor neurons from intraperitoneal injections of plasmids carried by ‘immunogene’ nanoparticles targeted for axonal retrograde transport using antibodies. PEGylated polyethylenimine (PEI-PEG12 as DNA carrier was conjugated to an antibody (MLR2 to the neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR. We used a plasmid (pVIVO2 designed for in vivo gene delivery that produces minimal immune responses, has improved nuclear entry into post mitotic cells and also expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP. MLR2-PEI-PEG12 carried pVIVO2 and was specific for mouse motor neurons in mixed cultures containing astrocytes. While only 8% of motor neurons expressed GFP 72 h post transfection in vitro, when the immunogene was given intraperitonealy to neonatal C57BL/6J mice GFP specific motor neuron expression was observed in 25.4% of lumbar, 18.3% of thoracic and 17.0 % of cervical motor neurons, 72 h post transfection. PEI-PEG12 carrying pVIVO2 by itself did not transfect motor neurons in vivo, demonstrating the need for specificity via the p75NTR antibody MLR2. This is the first time that specific transfection of spinal motor neurons has been achieved from peripheral delivery of plasmid DNA as part of a non-viral gene delivery agent. These results stress the specificity and feasibility of immunogene delivery targeted for p75NTR expressing motor neurons, but suggests that further improvements are required to increase the transfection efficiency of motor neurons in vivo.

  4. Validation criteria of an internal dosimetry laboratory in vivo; Criterios para la validacion de un laboratorio de dosimetria interna in vivo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alfaro L, M. de las M., E-mail: mercedes.alfaro@inin.gob.mx [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

    2014-10-15

    People working with radioactive materials, under certain circumstances (e.g. not using the proper protective equipment, an incident not covered, etc.) could be incorporated into the body. The radiation protection programs include direct measurement methods -in vivo- or indirect -in vitro- or both, to know that radioactive material is incorporated into the body. The monitoring measurements of internal contamination or (Radio-bioassay) are carried out with the purpose of determining the amount of radioactive material incorporated in the body; estimate the effective dose and committed dose; management administration of radiation protection; appropriate medical management; and to provide the data necessary for the legal requirements and the preservation of records. The measurement methods used in the monitoring of internal contamination must be validated by the combination of the following processes: calibration, using standards reference materials and/or simulators; execute systematic research, using control samples; and intercomparison between laboratories and performance tests. In this paper the validation criteria of an internal dosimetry laboratory in vivo are presented following the information provided by the standard ANSI N13-30-1996 and ISO/TEC 17025-2005 as are the criteria of facilities, staff training, interpretation of measurements, performance criteria for monitoring of internal contamination in vivo, results reporting and records retention. Thereby we achieve standardized quantitative performance criteria of truthfulness, accuracy and detection limit and a consensus on statistical definitions to establish the validation plan of a monitoring laboratory of internal contamination in vivo. (Author)

  5. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo examination of buccal absorption of metoprolol with varying pH in TR146 cell culture, porcine buccal mucosa and Göttingen minipigs

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, René; Meng-Lund, Emil; Andersen, Morten B.

    2013-01-01

    This work studied the buccal absorption of metoprolol in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo as a function of buffered pH at 7.4, 8.5, 9.0 and 9.5. Permeability studies showed a correlation (r(2)=0.92) between in vitro TR146 cell culture and ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa in a modified Ussing chamber...... was obtained after buccal dosing (58-107%) compared to oral (3%) administration, ranging 58-107% and 3%, respectively. Macroscopically, no local toxic effects were observed by visual inspection of mini-pig cheeks. A very clear level C in vitro in vivo correlation (r(2)=0.98) was obtained between the observed....... A higher apparent permeability was observed at higher pH values, i.e. the more compound that was unionised the higher the permeability. In vivo studies were conducted in anaesthetised Göttingen mini-pigs. A clear influence of pH on the absorption was seen and a significant higher absolute bioavailability...

  6. In Vivo Monitoring Program Manual, PNL-MA-574, Rev 5.1

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lynch, Timothy P.

    2011-09-12

    The following sections provide an overview of the administration for the In Vivo Monitoring Program (IVMP) for Hanford. This includes the organizational structure and program responsibilities; coordination of in vivo measurements; scheduling measurements; performing measurements; reporting results; and quality assurance.

  7. Rates of in vivo (arterial) and in vitro biocorrosion for pure magnesium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bowen, Patrick K; Drelich, Adam; Drelich, Jaroslaw; Goldman, Jeremy

    2015-01-01

    The development of magnesium-based materials for bioabsorbable stents relies heavily on corrosion testing by immersion in pseudophysiological solutions, where magnesium degrades faster than it does in vivo. The quantitative difference in corrosion kinetics in vitro and in vivo is largely unknown, but, if determined, would help reduce dependence on animal models. In order to create a quantitative in vitro-in vivo correlation based on an accepted measure of corrosion (penetration rate), commercially pure magnesium wires were corroded in vivo in the abdominal aortas of rats for 5-32 days, and in vitro for up to 14 days using Dulbecco's modified eagle medium. Cross-sectioning, scanning electron microscopy, image analysis, a modified penetration rate tailored to degraded wires, and empirical modeling were used to analyze the corroded specimens. In vitro penetration rates were consistently higher than comparable in vivo rates by a factor of 1.2-1.9× (±0.2×). For a sample <20% corroded, an approximate in vitro-in vivo multiplier of 1.3 ± 0.2× was applied, whereas a multiplier of 1.8 ± 0.2× became appropriate when the magnesium specimen was 25-35% degraded. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  8. Gamma-ray mutagenesis of cultured mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Norio; Okada, Shigefumi

    1977-01-01

    The in vitro assay system used to study the reversion of L5178Y-Ala32 cells from an alanine requiring state to a non-requiring state, has been modified in order to be of use in selected in vivo systems. Gamma-ray induced mutations were compared between cells cultured in vitro and those grown in vivo in the intraperitoneal cavity of mice. The expression time was chosen to be 2 days for cells grown in vitro and 5 days for those grown in vivo. The dose-response curve can be described as cumulative for cells grown in vitro and linear for those grown in vivo. A doserate effect was observed in both systems. The cells grown in vivo were less sensitive to γ-rays with respect to both mutation rate per rad and cell killing as compared to cells grown in vitro. The delayed expression and reduced sensitivity of cells in vivo with respect to induced mutation may be due to factors such as hypoxia and/or reduced availability of essential nutrients. Sensitization in vitro by BUdR was detectable at a concentration as low as 10 -6 M, using an exposure time of 15 h. Under these conditions, BUdR alone did not induce any observable mutations

  9. Development of Novel Formulations to Enhance in Vivo Transdermal Permeation of Tocopherol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nada Aly H.

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Tocopherol represents a big challenge for transdermal permeation owing to its extreme hydrophobicity and large molecular mass. The aim of the present study was to develop alpha-tocopherol (T topical formulations and evaluate their ex vivo and in vivo permeation. Franz diffusion cells were used for ex vivo permeation, and neonatal rats were used for in vivo permeation. Seven gel formulations and 21 liquid formulations were investigated for physical stability, viscosity and permeation of T. Analysis of T was performed by a validated HPLC method using a UV detector. The ex vivo permeation from gel and emulsion formulations was very poor (0.001-0.015 %. Highest permeation was observed from monophasic liquid formulations containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, tocopheryl polyethylene glycols (TPGs, propylene glycol, ethanol and 9.5 % T. The in vivo results demonstrated higher retention in the epidermis compared to subcutaneous tissues, 1377 and 1.13 μg g-1, respectively. Increasing T concentration from 4.8 to 9.5 % did not increase the amount permeated or % of T retained. It was concluded that simple solutions of T in the presence of DMSO and TPGs were more promising systems for effective transdermal permeation compared to gel, emulsion or oleaginous systems.

  10. Imaging of Human Hepatic Stem Cells In Vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hsu, E.W.

    2006-01-01

    Report on progress in MRI and PET of stem cell tracking. Human hepatic stem cell imaging for both MRI and PET have been accomplished within SCID/nod mice, and succeeded in cell specificity labeling with in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo image tracking. For MRI, stem cell labeling was accomplished by two methods: (1) in vitro labeling the stem cells just prior to in vivo transplantation, and/or (2) transplanting the stem cells into SCID/nod mice and in vivo specificity labeling the cells just prior to MRI. For labeling techniques 1 and 2, multiple image controls were utilized and include: (A) stem cells(-) and contrast label(-), (B) stem cells(+) and contrast label(-), and (C) stem cells(-) and contrast label(+) help to confirm signal noise background interference, which is a result of slight nonspecific cell labeling. Contrast labeled stem cells are directly transplanted into liver tissues, the tissues excised, and immediately MR imaged to determine cell dispersion dynamics. In this method, the contrast labeled cells appear as void foci throughout the organs. The images are imported into Metamorph imaging software and analyzed for foci radii, diameter, and to discern spheroid volumes. Then, cell numbers are extrapolated to understand ''imaged'' cell aggregate requirements using this technique. For this ex vivo method, a cell aggregate of ∼100 stem cells is required to MRI monitor signal activities. For in vivo imaging, contrast labeled human stem cells within SCID/nod mice are also confirmed as small foci voids and are evident within liver tissues. Initially, these short-term studies where accomplished by in vitro labeling stem cells, transplanting the cells, then in vivo imaging the tissues between days 3-15. Next and to avoid imaged time limitations of detaching contrast agents, the proliferative stem cells were labeled after transplantation, and before MR imaging. This was accomplished to confirm the ability to specifically label unique cell subsets after the

  11. N-[11C]methylpiperidine esters as acetylcholinesterase substrates: an in vivo structure-reactivity study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kilbourn, Michael R.; Nguyen, Thinh B.; Snyder, Scott E.; Sherman, Phillip

    1998-01-01

    A series of simple esters incorporating the N-[ 11 C]methylpiperidine structure were examined as in vivo substrates for acetylcholinesterase in mouse brain. 4-N-[ 11 C]Methylpiperidinyl esters, including the acetate, propionate and isobutyrate esters, are good in vivo substrates for mammalian cholinesterases. Introduction of a methyl group at the 4-position of the 4-piperidinol esters, to form the ester of a teritary alcohol, effectively blocks enzymatic action. Methylation of 4- N-[ 11 C]methylpiperidinyl propionate at the 3-position gives a derivative with increased in vivo reactivity toward acetylcholinesterase. Esters of piperidinecarboxylic acids (nipecotic, isonipecotic and pipecolinic acid ethyl esters) are not hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase in vivo, nor do they act as in vivo inhibitors of the enzyme. This study has identified simple methods to both increase and decrease the in vivo reactivity of piperidinyl esters toward acetylcholinesterase

  12. Iris ultrastructure in patients with synechiae as revealed by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy : In vivo iris ultrastructure in patients with Synechiae by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Ming; Cheng, Hongbo; Guo, Ping; Zhang, Chun; Tang, Song; Wang, Shusheng

    2016-04-26

    Iris plays important roles in ocular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Currently it is technically challenging to noninvasively examine the human iris ultrastructure in vivo. The purpose of the current study is to reveal human iris ultrastructure in patients with synechiae by using noninvasive in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The ultrastructure of iris in thirty one patients, each with synechiae but transparent cornea, was examined by in vivo LSCM. Five characteristic iris ultrastructures was revealed in patients with synechiae by in vivo LSCM, which include: 1. tree trunk-like structure; 2. tree branch/bush-like structure; 3. Fruit-like structure; 4. Epithelioid-like structure; 5. deep structure. Pigment granules can be observed as a loose structure on the top of the arborization structure. In iris-associated diseases with Tyndall's Phenomenon and keratic precipitates, the pigment particles are more likely to fall off from the arborization structure. The ultrastructure of iris in patients with synechiae has been visualized using in vivo LSCM. Five iris ultrastructures can be clearly observed, with some of the structures maybe disease-associated. The fall-off of the pigment particles may cause the Tyndall's Phenomenon positive. In vivo LSCM provides a non-invasive approach to observe the human iris ultrastructure under certain eye disease conditions, which sets up a foundation to visualize certain iris-associated diseases in the future.

  13. Qualichem in vivo: a tool for assessing the quality of in vivo studies and its application for bisphenol A.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Maxim

    Full Text Available In regulatory toxicology, quality assessment of in vivo studies is a critical step for assessing chemical risks. It is crucial for preserving public health studies that are considered suitable for regulating chemicals are robust. Current procedures for conducting quality assessments in safety agencies are not structured, clear or consistent. This leaves room for criticism about lack of transparency, subjective influence and the potential for insufficient protection provided by resulting safety standards. We propose a tool called "Qualichem in vivo" that is designed to systematically and transparently assess the quality of in vivo studies used in chemical health risk assessment. We demonstrate its use here with 12 experts, using two controversial studies on Bisphenol A (BPA that played an important role in BPA regulation in Europe. The results obtained with Qualichem contradict the quality assessments conducted by expert committees in safety agencies for both of these studies. Furthermore, they show that reliance on standardized guidelines to ensure scientific quality is only partially justified. Qualichem allows experts with different disciplinary backgrounds and professional experiences to express their individual and sometimes divergent views-an improvement over the current way of dealing with minority opinions. It provides a transparent framework for expressing an aggregated, multi-expert level of confidence in a study, and allows a simple graphical representation of how well the study integrates the best available scientific knowledge. Qualichem can be used to compare assessments of the same study by different health agencies, increasing transparency and trust in the work of expert committees. In addition, it may be used in systematic evaluation of in vivo studies submitted by industry in the dossiers that are required for compliance with the REACH Regulation. Qualichem provides a balanced, common framework for assessing the quality of

  14. Cells in Dengue Virus Infection In Vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sansanee Noisakran

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Dengue has been recognized as one of the most important vector-borne emerging infectious diseases globally. Though dengue normally causes a self-limiting infection, some patients may develop a life-threatening illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF/dengue shock syndrome (DSS. The reason why DHF/DSS occurs in certain individuals is unclear. Studies in the endemic regions suggest that the preexisting antibodies are a risk factor for DHF/DSS. Viremia and thrombocytopenia are the key clinical features of dengue virus infection in patients. The amounts of virus circulating in patients are highly correlated with severe dengue disease, DHF/DSS. Also, the disturbance, mainly a transient depression, of hematological cells is a critical clinical finding in acute dengue patients. However, the cells responsible for the dengue viremia are unresolved in spite of the intensive efforts been made. Dengue virus appears to replicate and proliferate in many adapted cell lines, but these in vitro properties are extremely difficult to be reproduced in primary cells or in vivo. This paper summarizes reports on the permissive cells in vitro and in vivo and suggests a hematological cell lineage for dengue virus infection in vivo, with the hope that a new focus will shed light on further understanding of the complexities of dengue disease.

  15. Effect of thidiazuron on in vivo shoot proliferation of popular banana ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    2014-09-30

    Sep 30, 2014 ... Mzuzu underscore the need for further studies to determine alternative best cytokine-based growth regulators. Key words: Thidiazuron, in vivo proliferation, Sucker growth, Banana. INTRODUCTION. In vivo macropropagation is an alternative technique for mass production of banana planting materials.

  16. Nanotoxicity: the growing need for in vivo study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fischer, Hans C; Chan, Warren C W

    2007-12-01

    Nanotoxicology is emerging as an important subdiscipline of nanotechnology. Nanotoxicology refers to the study of the interactions of nanostructures with biological systems with an emphasis on elucidating the relationship between the physical and chemical properties (e.g. size, shape, surface chemistry, composition, and aggregation) of nanostructures with induction of toxic biological responses. In the past five years, a majority of nanotoxicity research has focused on cell culture systems; however, the data from these studies could be misleading and will require verification from animal experiments. In vivo systems are extremely complicated and the interactions of the nanostructures with biological components, such as proteins and cells, could lead to unique biodistribution, clearance, immune response, and metabolism. An understanding of the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of the nanostructure and their in vivo behavior would provide a basis for assessing toxic response and more importantly could lead to predictive models for assessing toxicity. In this review article, we describe the assumptions and challenges in the nanotoxicity field and provide a rationale for in vivo animal studies to assess nanotoxicity.

  17. Ex vivo sentinel lymph node investigation in colorectal cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antônio Hilário Alves Freitas

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: In Brazil, about 26,000 cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed per year. Pa- tients considered at the early stage of disease (without lymph node evolve with tumor relapse or recurrence in up to a quarter of cases, probably due to understaging. Objective: Research on ex vivo sentinel lymph node in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods: We studied 37 patients who underwent curative surgical resection. The marker used to identify lymph nodes was patent blue dye injected into the peritu- moral submucosa of the open surgical specimen immediately after its removal from the abdominal cavity. Results: Ex vivo identification of sentinel lymph node with marker occurred in 13 (35.1% patients. The sensitivity was 40% and 60% false negative. The detailed histological examina- tion of sentinel lymph nodes with multilevel section and immunohistochemistry showed metastasis in one (4.3% individual, considered ultra-staging. Conclusion: The ex vivo identification of sentinel lymph node had questionable benefits, and worse results when include patients with rectal cancer. Restaging of one patient was possible after multilevel section and immunohistochemistry of the sentinel lymph node, but more research is needed to evaluate the role of micrometastases in patients with colorectal cancer. Resumo: Introdução: No Brasil, a cada ano são diagnosticados cerca de 26.000 casos de câncer colorre- tal. Pacientes com estadiamento considerado inicial, sem linfonodo metastático, evoluem com recorrência ou recidiva do tumor em até um quarto dos casos, por provável subesta- diamento. Objetivo: pesquisar sobre linfonodo-sentinela ex vivo em pacientes com adeno- carcinoma colorretal. Objetivo: Foram estudados 37 pacientes, submetidos à cirurgia oncológica com ressecção caráter curativo. O marcador de linfonodos utilizado foi o corante azul patente, injetado na submucosa peritumoral da peça cirúrgica aberta imediatamente

  18. In-vivo singlet oxygen threshold doses for PDT.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Timothy C; Kim, Michele M; Liang, Xing; Finlay, Jarod C; Busch, Theresa M

    2015-02-01

    Dosimetry of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) is of particular interest because it is the major cytotoxic agent causing biological effects for type-II photosensitizers during photodynamic therapy (PDT). An in-vivo model to determine the singlet oxygen threshold dose, [ 1 O 2 ] rx,sh , for PDT was developed. An in-vivo radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) tumor mouse model was used to correlate the radius of necrosis to the calculation based on explicit PDT dosimetry of light fluence distribution, tissue optical properties, and photosensitizer concentrations. Inputs to the model include five photosensitizer-specific photochemical parameters along with [ 1 O 2 ] rx,sh . Photosensitizer-specific model parameters were determined for benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD) and compared with two other type-II photosensitizers, Photofrin ® and m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) from the literature. The mean values (standard deviation) of the in-vivo [ 1 O 2 ] rx,sh are approximately 0.56 (0.26) and 0.72 (0.21) mM (or 3.6×10 7 and 4.6×10 7 singlet oxygen per cell to reduce the cell survival to 1/e) for Photofrin ® and BPD, respectively, assuming that the fraction of generated singlet oxygen that interacts with the cell is 1. While the values for the photochemical parameters (ξ, σ, g , β) used for BPD were preliminary and may need further refinement, there is reasonable confidence for the values of the singlet oxygen threshold doses. In comparison, the [ 1 O 2 ] rx,sh value derived from in-vivo mouse study was reported to be 0.4 mM for mTHPC-PDT. However, the singlet oxygen required per cell is reported to be 9×10 8 per cell per 1/ e fractional kill in an in-vitro mTHPC-PDT study on a rat prostate cancer cell line (MLL cells) and is reported to be 7.9 mM for a multicell in-vitro EMT6/Ro spheroid model for mTHPC-PDT. A theoretical analysis is provided to relate the number of in-vitro singlet oxygen required per cell to reach cell killing of 1/ e to in-vivo singlet

  19. Clinical applications of in vivo fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oh, Chilhwan; Park, Sangyong; Kim, Junhyung; Ha, Seunghan; Park, Gyuman; Lee, Gunwoo; Lee, Onseok; Chun, Byungseon; Gweon, Daegab

    2008-02-01

    Living skin for basic and clinical research can be evaluated by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) non-invasively. CLSM imaging system can achieve skin image its native state either "in vivo" or "fresh biopsy (ex vivo)" without fixation, sectioning and staining that is necessary for routine histology. This study examines the potential fluorescent CLSM with a various exogenous fluorescent contrast agent, to provide with more resolution images in skin. In addition, in vivo fluorescent CLSM researchers will be extended a range of potential clinical application. The prototype of our CLSM system has been developed by Prof. Gweon's group. The operating parameters are composed of some units, such as illuminated wavelength 488 nm, argon illumination power up to 20mW on the skin, objective lens, 0.9NA oil immersion, axial resolution 1.0μm, field of view 200μm x 100μm (lateral resolution , 0.3μm). In human volunteer, fluorescein sodium was administrated topically and intradermally. Animal studies were done in GFP transgenic mouse, IRC mouse and pig skin. For imaging of animal skin, fluorescein sodium, acridine orange, and curcumine were used for fluorescein contrast agent. We also used the GFP transgenic mouse for fluorescein CLSM imaging. In intact skin, absorption of fluorescein sodium by individual corneocyte and hair. Intradermal administrated the fluorescein sodium, distinct outline of keratinocyte cell border could be seen. Curcumin is a yellow food dye that has similar fluorescent properties to fluorescein sodium. Acridin Orange can be highlight nuclei in viable keratinocyte. In vivo CLSM of transgenic GFP mouse enable on in vivo, high resolution view of GFP expressing skin tissue. GFP signals are brightest in corneocyte, kertinocyte, hair and eccrine gland. In intact skin, absorption of fluorescein sodium by individual corneocyte and hair. Intradermal administrated the fluorescein sodium, distinct outline of keratinocyte cell border could be seen. In

  20. Optimized isolation enables Ex vivo analysis of microglia from various central nervous system regions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    De Haas, Alexander H.; Boddeke, Hendricus W. G. M.; Brouwer, Nieske; Biber, Knut

    2007-01-01

    Ex vivo analysis is an accurate and convenient way to study in vivo microglia phenotype and function. However, current microglia isolation protocols for ex vivo analysis show many differences in isolation steps (perfusion, removal of meninges and blood vessels, mechanical dissociation, enzymatic

  1. In vivo oxidation in remelted highly cross-linked retrievals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Currier, B H; Van Citters, D W; Currier, J H; Collier, J P

    2010-10-20

    Elimination of free radicals to prevent oxidation has played a major role in the development and product differentiation of the latest generation of highly cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene bearing materials. In the current study, we (1) examined oxidation in a series of retrieved remelted highly cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene bearings from a number of device manufacturers and (2) compared the retrieval results with findings for shelf-stored control specimens. The hypothesis was that radiation-cross-linked remelted ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene would maintain oxidative stability in vivo comparable with the stability during shelf storage and in published laboratory aging tests. Fifty remelted highly cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular liners and nineteen remelted highly cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tibial inserts were received after retrieval from twenty-one surgeons from across the U.S. Thirty-two of the retrievals had been in vivo for two years or more. Each was measured for oxidation with use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A control series of remelted highly cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular liners from three manufacturers was analyzed with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure free radical content and with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to measure oxidation initially and after eight to nine years of shelf storage in air. The never-implanted, shelf-aged controls had no measurable free-radical content initially or after eight to nine years of shelf storage. The never-implanted controls showed no increase in oxidation during shelf storage. Oxidation measurements showed measurable oxidation in 22% of the retrieved remelted highly cross-linked liners and inserts after an average of two years in vivo. Because never-implanted remelted highly cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight

  2. Inhibition of galactosamine cytotoxicity in an in vivo/in vitro hepatocellular toxicity model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    MacDonald, J.R.; Thayer, K.J.; White, C.

    1987-01-01

    A combined in vivo/in vitro model of galactosamine hepatotoxicity was employed to test whether previously reported cytoprotective actions of cystamine administration on galactosamine-induced hepatic injury in vivo could be attributed to a direct action of cystamine on toxicant-challenged hepatocytes. In this model, male Sprague-Dawley rats received a 400 mg/kg galactosamine challenge via intraperitoneal injection 1 hr prior to portal vein cannulation for hepatocyte isolation. Isolated cells are established in monolayer culture and galactosamine-induced cellular injury is then expressed over the ensuing 24-48 hr in culture. Consistent with the biochemical basis of galactosamine-induced hepatocellular injury in vivo, cytotoxicity could be prevented by in vitro uridine treatments within 3 hr of the in vivo galactosamine challenge, but not when added 12 hr later. Cystamine, in contrast, exhibited a cytoprotective effect even when added to cultures 12 hr after the in vivo toxicant challenge. Post-toxicant cytoprotection by cystamine in vitro was concentration dependent and did not produce an alteration of hepatocyte nonprotein sulfhydryl content. Post-toxicant cytoprotection by uridine and cystamine in this in vivo/in vitro model of toxicity were fully consistent with in vivo protection from galactosamine-induced necrosis by these agents. This model eliminates potential extrahepatic mechanisms for cystamine's hepatoprotective effect and demonstrates a direct cytoprotective action on galactosamine-challenged hepatocytes

  3. How can in vitro models best reflect in vivo Staphylococcus biofilms?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Meyer, Rikke Louise

    In vitro biofilm models are the basis for most studies of biofilm biology because they enable high-throughput analyses without the expenditure of animals. But how do we ensure that what we learn from in vitro studies is relevant in vivo? Biofilms grown in standard laboratory media do not interact...... with host factors and are thus profoundly different from in vivo biofilms. We therefore need in vitro models that are as in vivo-like as possible. We investigated how the addition of divalent cations and human plasma to brain heart infusion broth affected biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus...

  4. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin

    OpenAIRE

    Shang, Hong-Mei; Zhou, Hai-Zhu; Yang, Jun-Yan; Li, Ran; Song, Hui; Wu, Hong-Xin

    2018-01-01

    This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the antioxidant activities of inulin, including the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and ferric reducing power, were weak and significantly lower than those of Vitamin C (P < 0.05). The influence of dietary supplementation with inulin on the antioxidant status of laying hens was evaluated with in vivo antioxidant assays. The results ...

  5. Lack of indirect sensitization in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hetzel, F.W.; Avery, K.; Mensinger, M.; Frinak, S.; Tidwell, C.

    1985-01-01

    The possible utility of respiratory inhibiting drugs as indirect radiation sensitizers has been investigated in both in vitro and in vivo systems. In vitro studies were conducted in V79 monolayer and spheroid cultures examining both respiratory inhibition and radiation survival as end points. These drugs (BCNU, Mustargen and Chlorambucil) were found to be potent respiratory inhibitors and, in the spheroid system, to be effective indirect radiation sensitizers with enhancement ratios of approximately 2.0. In vivo studies with these drugs have also been conducted in a C/sub 3/H mouse MCa tumor system to determine if the same reoxygenation effect observed in spheroids could be demonstrated in the solid tumor system. Detailed microelectrode studies, employing each drug at its LD/sub 10/ level, have been unable to demonstrate any drug induced reoxygenation for any of the drugs tested. Complete details are presented

  6. Positron emission tomography for measuring metabolism in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feinendegen, L.E.

    1985-01-01

    Nuclear medical imaging always relates to changes at the cellular or molecular level of organization of the body. For years, such changes, summarily called metabolism, permitted radionuclides as tracers to produce information on rather gross organ structure and function. Yet, more recently, increasing emphasis is placed on metabolic reactions themselves; this development is of considerable promise to the clinician, because disease begins and nearly always expresses itself by alterations of metabolism. PET greatly helps to investigate and describe in vivo individual steps within the complex network of enzyme catalized reactions that maintain life; in fact, PET allows studies of biochemistry in vivo. (Author)

  7. OECD and Modern Slavery: How much aid money is spent to tackle the issue?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martina Ucnikova

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD donor countries spend millions of dollars each year on programmes to end modern slavery across the globe. Exactly how much is spent, however, has previously been unclear. The Walk Free Foundation has conducted research to estimate how much these countries are spending. This article examines international spending on modern slavery programmes by twelve OECD countries, explores how countries report on modern slavery funding and, ultimately, hopes to serve as a building block for broader discussions about donor spending on anti-slavery initiatives. A major finding of the article is that between 2003 and 2012, donor countries contributed a combined average of USD 124 million annually, predominantly funding projects in Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. La OCDE y las formas modernas de esclavitud: ¿cuánta ayuda monetaria se destina a afrontar el problema? Resumen Todos los años, los países donantes de la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE gastan millones de dólares en programas destinados a acabar con las formas modernas de esclavitud en todo el mundo; no obstante, la cantidad exacta de este gasto no ha quedado clara hasta la fecha. La Walk Free Foundation ha llevado a cabo una investigación destinada a calcular cuánto están gastando estos países. Este artículo analiza el gasto internacional en programas relacionados con las formas modernas de esclavitud realizado por doce países de la OCDE, analiza cómo informan los países acerca de la financiación en esta materia y, en última instancia, tiene la esperanza de servir como piedra angular para generar debates a mayor escala acerca del gasto de los donantes en iniciativas contra la esclavitud. Uno de los mayores descubrimientos del artículo es que, entre 2003 y 2012, los países donantes aportaron una media combinada de 124 millones de dólares anuales, destinados en su mayor

  8. Real-Time Amperometric Recording of Extracellular H2O2 in the Brain of Immunocompromised Mice: An In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Characterisation Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reid, Caroline H.; Finnerty, Niall J.

    2017-01-01

    We detail an extensive characterisation study on a previously described dual amperometric H2O2 biosensor consisting of H2O2 detection (blank) and degradation (catalase) electrodes. In vitro investigations demonstrated excellent H2O2 sensitivity and selectivity against the interferent, ascorbic acid. Ex vivo studies were performed to mimic physiological conditions prior to in vivo deployment. Exposure to brain tissue homogenate identified reliable sensitivity and selectivity recordings up to seven days for both blank and catalase electrodes. Furthermore, there was no compromise in pre- and post-implanted catalase electrode sensitivity in ex vivo mouse brain. In vivo investigations performed in anaesthetised mice confirmed the ability of the H2O2 biosensor to detect increases in amperometric current following locally perfused/infused H2O2 and antioxidant inhibitors mercaptosuccinic acid and sodium azide. Subsequent recordings in freely moving mice identified negligible effects of control saline and sodium ascorbate interference injections on amperometric H2O2 current. Furthermore, the stability of the amperometric current was confirmed over a five-day period and analysis of 24-h signal recordings identified the absence of diurnal variations in amperometric current. Collectively, these findings confirm the biosensor current responds in vivo to increasing exogenous and endogenous H2O2 and tentatively supports measurement of H2O2 dynamics in freely moving NOD SCID mice. PMID:28698470

  9. Flooding in imagination vs flooding in vivo: A comparison with agoraphobics

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Emmelkamp, Paul M.G.; Wessels, Hemmy

    In this investigation of agoraphobic patients, 3 different flooding procedures were compared: (1) prolonged exposure in vivo, (2) flooding in the imagination by a ‘live’ therapist and (3) a combination of flooding in the imagination and flooding in vivo. After an intermediate-test all clients were

  10. Efecto de la temperatura de incubación sobre algunos aspectos de la ontogenia de Phrynops hilarii (Testudines: Chelidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Piña, Carlos I.

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available Nuestro objetivo es establecer los efectos de la temperatura de incubación sobre diferentes aspectos de la ontogenia y la supervivencia de crías de P. hilarii. En el presente trabajo respondemos las siguientes preguntas: 1 ¿afecta la temperatura de incubación al período de incubación de P. hilarii?; 2 ¿cuál es la menor temperatura a la cual existe desarrollo embrionario de P. hilarii?; 3 ¿varía el éxito de eclosión de P. hilarii en relación a la temperatura a la cual se incuban los huevos?; 4 ¿está la supervivencia de P. hilarii hasta el año de edad relacionada a la temperatura de incubación?

  11. Competitividad (Negocios Electrónicos vs productividad como factor de permanencia en la industria pequeña y mediana del sector textil y de la confección de Aguascalientes, en un mundo globalizado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bogar García Martínez

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Negocios electrónicos se define como empresas administradas con tecnología de información. El objetivo de la investigación es desarrollar un modelo para ubicar al sector textil y confección en el nivel de quiebra, supervivencia, permanencia, integrando variables de productividad, nivel de negocios electrónicos, competitividad, en dos fases: primera, cualitativa, segunda, cuantitativa. Los resultados ubican su nivel de negocios electrónicos entre el nivel de quiebra y el de supervivencia; son competitivos sólo dentro de su entorno local; la exposición externa generada por la globalización irá quebrando a las empresas. La conclusión: su nivel de negocios electrónicos no les permite integrarse a cadenas productivas globales.

  12. CULTIVO DE TEJIDOS EN Ficus carica CON MINIESTACAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dora Mar\\u00EDa Flores-Mora

    2009-01-01

    brotes desarrollados, se inocularon y se empleó como medio base M&S (1962 completo, suplementado con 1,0; 0,5 y 0 mg/l de BAP. Para la etapa de enraizamiento, se implementaron dos tratamie ntos, M&S (1962 completo con 0,5 y 0 mg/l de AI B. Se obtuvo un 31,67 % de supervivencia y asepsia del material en la etapa de introducción y un promedio de tres brotes por explante al mes de incubación. El mayor promedio de brotes por explante se logró en el tratamiento con 1,0 mg/l de BAP y el mayor porcentaje de enraizamiento se obtuvo en el tratamiento sin regulador. Durante la fase de aclimatación, se logró un 100 % de supervivencia.

  13. In vivo estimation of target registration errors during augmented reality laparoscopic surgery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thompson, Stephen; Schneider, Crispin; Bosi, Michele; Gurusamy, Kurinchi; Ourselin, Sébastien; Davidson, Brian; Hawkes, David; Clarkson, Matthew J

    2018-06-01

    Successful use of augmented reality for laparoscopic surgery requires that the surgeon has a thorough understanding of the likely accuracy of any overlay. Whilst the accuracy of such systems can be estimated in the laboratory, it is difficult to extend such methods to the in vivo clinical setting. Herein we describe a novel method that enables the surgeon to estimate in vivo errors during use. We show that the method enables quantitative evaluation of in vivo data gathered with the SmartLiver image guidance system. The SmartLiver system utilises an intuitive display to enable the surgeon to compare the positions of landmarks visible in both a projected model and in the live video stream. From this the surgeon can estimate the system accuracy when using the system to locate subsurface targets not visible in the live video. Visible landmarks may be either point or line features. We test the validity of the algorithm using an anatomically representative liver phantom, applying simulated perturbations to achieve clinically realistic overlay errors. We then apply the algorithm to in vivo data. The phantom results show that using projected errors of surface features provides a reliable predictor of subsurface target registration error for a representative human liver shape. Applying the algorithm to in vivo data gathered with the SmartLiver image-guided surgery system shows that the system is capable of accuracies around 12 mm; however, achieving this reliably remains a significant challenge. We present an in vivo quantitative evaluation of the SmartLiver image-guided surgery system, together with a validation of the evaluation algorithm. This is the first quantitative in vivo analysis of an augmented reality system for laparoscopic surgery.

  14. Reliability of in vivo measurements of the dielectric properties of anisotropic tissue: a simulative study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huo Xuyang; Shi Xuetao; You Fusheng; Fu Feng; Liu Ruigang; Tang Chi; Dong Xiuzhen; Lu Qiang

    2013-01-01

    A simulative study was performed to measure the dielectric properties of anisotropic tissue using several in vivo and in vitro probes. COMSOL Multiphysics was selected to carry out the simulation. Five traditional probes and a newly designed probe were used in this study. One of these probes was an in vitro measurement probe and the other five were in vivo. The simulations were performed in terms of the minimal tissue volume for in vivo measurements, the calibration of a probe constant, the measurement performed on isotropic tissue and the measurement performed on anisotropic tissue. Results showed that the in vitro probe can be used to measure the in-cell dielectric properties of isotropic and anisotropic tissues. When measured with the five in vivo probes, the dielectric properties of isotropic tissue were all measured accurately. For the measurements performed on anisotropic tissue, large errors were observed when the four traditional in vivo probes were used, but only a small error was observed when the new in vivo probe was used. This newly designed five-electrode in vivo probe may indicate the dielectric properties of anisotropic tissue more accurately than these four traditional in vivo probes. (paper)

  15. In vivo myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion and nuclear reprogramming.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mitani, Yasuyuki; Vagnozzi, Ronald J; Millay, Douglas P

    2017-01-01

    Knowledge regarding cellular fusion and nuclear reprogramming may aid in cell therapy strategies for skeletal muscle diseases. An issue with cell therapy approaches to restore dystrophin expression in muscular dystrophy is obtaining a sufficient quantity of cells that normally fuse with muscle. Here we conferred fusogenic activity without transdifferentiation to multiple non-muscle cell types and tested dystrophin restoration in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. We previously demonstrated that myomaker, a skeletal muscle-specific transmembrane protein necessary for myoblast fusion, is sufficient to fuse 10T 1/2 fibroblasts to myoblasts in vitro. Whether myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion is functional in vivo and whether the newly introduced nonmuscle nuclei undergoes nuclear reprogramming has not been investigated. We showed that mesenchymal stromal cells, cortical bone stem cells, and tail-tip fibroblasts fuse to skeletal muscle when they express myomaker. These cells restored dystrophin expression in a fraction of dystrophin-deficient myotubes after fusion in vitro. However, dystrophin restoration was not detected in vivo although nuclear reprogramming of the muscle-specific myosin light chain promoter did occur. Despite the lack of detectable dystrophin reprogramming by immunostaining, this study indicated that myomaker could be used in nonmuscle cells to induce fusion with muscle in vivo, thereby providing a platform to deliver therapeutic material.-Mitani, Y., Vagnozzi, R. J., Millay, D. P. In vivo myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion and nuclear reprogramming. © FASEB.

  16. The use of ex vivo human skin tissue for genotoxicity testing

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reus, Astrid A.; Usta, Mustafa [TNO Triskelion BV, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist (Netherlands); Krul, Cyrille A.M., E-mail: cyrille.krul@tno.nl [TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist (Netherlands)

    2012-06-01

    As a result of the chemical legislation concerning the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH), and the Seventh Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive, which prohibits animal testing in Europe for cosmetics, alternative methods for safety evaluation of chemicals are urgently needed. Current in vitro genotoxicity assays are not sufficiently predictive for the in vivo situation, resulting in an unacceptably high number of misleading positives. For many chemicals and ingredients of personal care products the skin is the first site of contact, but there are no in vitro genotoxicity assays available in the skin for additional evaluation of positive or equivocal responses observed in regulatory in vitro genotoxicity assays. In the present study ex vivo human skin tissue obtained from surgery was used for genotoxicity evaluation of chemicals by using the comet assay. Fresh ex vivo human skin tissue was cultured in an air–liquid interface and topically exposed to 20 chemicals, including true positive, misleading positive and true negative genotoxins. Based on the results obtained in the present study, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the ex vivo skin comet assay to predict in vivo genotoxicity were 89%, 90% and 89%, respectively. Donor and experimental variability were mainly reflected in the magnitude of the response and not the difference between the presence and absence of a genotoxic response. The present study indicates that human skin obtained from surgery is a promising and robust model for safety evaluation of chemicals that are in direct contact with the skin. -- Highlights: ► We use human skin obtained from surgery for genotoxicity evaluation of chemicals. ► We use the comet assay as parameter for genotoxicity in ex vivo human skin. ► Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to predict in vivo genotoxins are determined. ► Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy are 89%, 90% and 90%, respectively. ► The method

  17. The use of ex vivo human skin tissue for genotoxicity testing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reus, Astrid A.; Usta, Mustafa; Krul, Cyrille A.M.

    2012-01-01

    As a result of the chemical legislation concerning the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH), and the Seventh Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive, which prohibits animal testing in Europe for cosmetics, alternative methods for safety evaluation of chemicals are urgently needed. Current in vitro genotoxicity assays are not sufficiently predictive for the in vivo situation, resulting in an unacceptably high number of misleading positives. For many chemicals and ingredients of personal care products the skin is the first site of contact, but there are no in vitro genotoxicity assays available in the skin for additional evaluation of positive or equivocal responses observed in regulatory in vitro genotoxicity assays. In the present study ex vivo human skin tissue obtained from surgery was used for genotoxicity evaluation of chemicals by using the comet assay. Fresh ex vivo human skin tissue was cultured in an air–liquid interface and topically exposed to 20 chemicals, including true positive, misleading positive and true negative genotoxins. Based on the results obtained in the present study, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the ex vivo skin comet assay to predict in vivo genotoxicity were 89%, 90% and 89%, respectively. Donor and experimental variability were mainly reflected in the magnitude of the response and not the difference between the presence and absence of a genotoxic response. The present study indicates that human skin obtained from surgery is a promising and robust model for safety evaluation of chemicals that are in direct contact with the skin. -- Highlights: ► We use human skin obtained from surgery for genotoxicity evaluation of chemicals. ► We use the comet assay as parameter for genotoxicity in ex vivo human skin. ► Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to predict in vivo genotoxins are determined. ► Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy are 89%, 90% and 90%, respectively. ► The method

  18. Historia natural del carcinoma hepatocelular en una cohorte de pacientes de un hospital comarcal Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma in a cohort of patients from a county hospital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Vergara

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: el carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC es una neoplasia con una elevada incidencia y una alta mortalidad. Objetivo: nuestro objetivo es la descripción de la historia natural de una cohorte de pacientes con CHC e identificar variables asociadas a supervivencia. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes diagnosticados de CHC entre 1995-2002. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron mediante frecuencias y porcentajes y las cuantitativas con mediana y desviación típica. La supervivencia se estimó mediante el método de Kaplan Meyer y la prueba de Log Rank. Resultados: se analizaron un total de 154 pacientes con CHC. La ratio hombre-mujer fue de 2,9/1. La edad media de 68 ± 9 años. El 82% de los pacientes fueron exitus en un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 28 meses. La mediana de supervivencia fue de 21,5 meses (IC 95%: 16,98-26,04. Se realizó tratamiento con intención curativa en un 40,3% y el resto tratamiento paliativo. Las variables asociadas a la supervivencia fueron: presencia o no de ascitis, el número de lesiones en el momento del diagnóstico y si el tratamiento realizado fue con intención curativa o no. No hubieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a: sexo, edad, etiología de la cirrosis y estadio de Child en el momento del diagnóstico. Conclusiones: los factores asociados a una menor supervivencia en los pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular fueron la presencia de ascitis y el número de lesiones en el momento del diagnóstico. La realización de tratamiento con intención curativa se asocia a una mayor supervivencia.Background: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC is a cancer with high incidence and mortality. Objective: our aim was to describe the natural history of a patient cohort with HCC, and to identify the factors associated with survival. Patients and methods: a retrospective and descriptive study of patients diagnosed with HCC between 1995 and 2002. Qualitative variables

  19. Optically Sectioned Imaging of Microvasculature of In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Thick Tissue Models with Speckle-illumination HiLo Microscopy and HiLo Image Processing Implementation in MATLAB Architecture

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suen, Ricky Wai

    The work described in this thesis covers the conversion of HiLo image processing into MATLAB architecture and the use of speckle-illumination HiLo microscopy for use of ex-vivo and in-vivo imaging of thick tissue models. HiLo microscopy is a wide-field fluorescence imaging technique and has been demonstrated to produce optically sectioned images comparable to confocal in thin samples. The imaging technique was developed by Jerome Mertz and the Boston University Biomicroscopy Lab and has been implemented in our lab as a stand-alone optical setup and a modification to a conventional fluorescence microscope. Speckle-illumination HiLo microscopy combines two images taken under speckle-illumination and standard uniform-illumination to generate an optically sectioned image that reject out-of-focus fluorescence. The evaluated speckle contrast in the images is used as a weighting function where elements that move out-of-focus have a speckle contrast that decays to zero. The experiments shown here demonstrate the capability of our HiLo microscopes to produce optically-sectioned images of the microvasculature of ex-vivo and in-vivo thick tissue models. The HiLo microscope were used to image the microvasculature of ex-vivo mouse heart sections prepared for optical histology and the microvasculature of in-vivo rodent dorsal window chamber models. Studies in label-free surface profiling with HiLo microscopy is also presented.

  20. In vivo H MR spectroscopy of human brain in six normal volunteers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Choe, Bo Young; Suh, Tae Suk; Bahk, Yong Whee; Shinn, Kyung Sub

    1993-01-01

    In vivo H MR spectroscopic studies were performed on the human brain in six normal volunteers. Some distinct proton metabolites, such as N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr), choline/phosphocholine (Cho), myo-inositol (Ins) and lipid (fat) were clearly identified in normal brain tissue. The signal intensity of NAA resonance is strongest. The standard ratios of metabolites from the normal brain tissue in specific regions were obtained for the references of further in vivo H MR spectroscopic studies. Our initial resulting suggest the in vivo H MR spectroscopy may provide more precise diagnosis on the basis of the metabolic information on brain tissues. The unique ability of In vivo H MR spectroscopy to offer noninvasive information about tissue biochemistry in patients will stimulate its impact on clinical research and disease diagnosis

  1. From concept to in vivo testing: Microcontainers for oral drug delivery

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mazzoni, Chiara; Tentor, Fabio; Andersen, Sophie Strindberg

    2017-01-01

    , ketoprofen, was loaded into the microcontainers using supercritical CO2 impregnation, followed by deposition of an enteric coating to protect the drug from the harsh gastric environment and to provide a fast release in the intestine. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies were performed to assess...

  2. Intermuscular force transmission between human plantarflexor muscles in vivo

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bojsen-Møller, Jens; Schwartz, Sidse; Kalliokoski, Kari K

    2010-01-01

    of the present study was to investigate if intermuscular force transmission occurs within and between human plantarflexor muscles in vivo. Seven subjects performed four types of either active contractile tasks or passive joint manipulations: passive knee extension, voluntary isometric plantarflexion, voluntary...... surae muscles was seen during passive hallux extension. Large interindividual differences with respect to deep plantarflexor activation during voluntary contractions were observed. The present results suggest that force may be transmitted between the triceps surae muscles in vivo, while only limited...

  3. In vitro and in vivo applications of tumor markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chatal, J.F.; Ricolleau, G.; Fumoleau, P.; Vuillez, J.P.H.; Chetanneau, A.; Peltier, P.; Lacroix, H.

    1988-01-01

    In vitro and in vivo applications of tumor markers are reviewed. Concerning in vitro applications, the following topics are developed: ideal marker criterion; present availability of markers; immunoassay methodology; clinical applications; future prospects (oncogenes). In vivo applications deal with immunoscintigraphy a new imaging technique, different from conventional morphological methods, based on specific recognition of antigenic target and involving many immunologic, hemodynamic and methodologic parameters. These various parameters are presented and clinical applications and future prospects of immunoscintigraphy are evaluated [fr

  4. In vivo measurements of bone-seeking radionuclides. Progress report, September 1, 1977--February 28, 1979

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cohen, N.

    1978-01-01

    Progress is reported on the following research projects: estimation of the skeletal burden of bone-seeking radionuclides from in vivo scintillation measurements of their content in the skull; contribution from radionuclides in the thoracic skeleton to in vivo measurements of activity in the lung; design and optimization characterictics of in vivo detection system; development of a calibration phantom structure for determining activity deposited in the thoracic skeleton; computer assisted in vivo measurements of internally deposited radionuclides using dual-crystal scintillation detectors; low energy, photon-emitting nuclides; reference spectra library; and in vivo measurements of exposed individuals

  5. In vivo measurements of bone-seeking radionuclides. Progress report, September 1, 1977--February 28, 1979

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cohen, N.

    1978-11-01

    Progress is reported on the following research projects: estimation of the skeletal burden of bone-seeking radionuclides from in vivo scintillation measurements of their content in the skull; contribution from radionuclides in the thoracic skeleton to in vivo measurements of activity in the lung; design and optimization characterictics of in vivo detection system; development of a calibration phantom structure for determining activity deposited in the thoracic skeleton; computer assisted in vivo measurements of internally deposited radionuclides using dual-crystal scintillation detectors; low energy, photon-emitting nuclides; reference spectra library; and in vivo measurements of exposed individuals. (HLW)

  6. In vivo dosimetry with silicon diodes in total body irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oliveira, F.F.; Amaral, L.L.; Costa, A.M.; Netto, T.G.

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this work is the characterization and application of silicon diode detectors for in vivo dosimetry in total body irradiation (TBI) treatments. It was evaluated the diode response with temperature, dose rate, gantry angulations and field size. A maximum response variation of 2.2% was obtained for temperature dependence. The response variation for dose rate and angular was within 1.2%. For field size dependence, the detector response increased with field until reach a saturation region, where no more primary radiation beam contributes for dose. The calibration was performed in a TBI setup. Different lateral thicknesses from one patient were simulated and then the calibration factors were determined by means of maximum depth dose readings. Subsequent to calibration, in vivo dosimetry measurements were performed. The response difference between diode readings and the prescribed dose for all treatments was below 4%. This difference is in agreement as recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), which is ±5%. The present work to test the applicability of a silicon diode dosimetry system for performing in vivo dose measurements in TBI techniques presented good results. These measurements demonstrated the value of diode dosimetry as a treatment verification method and its applicability as a part of a quality assurance program in TBI treatments. - Highlights: ► Characterization of a silicon diode dosimetry system. ► Application of the diodes for in vivo dosimetry in total body irradiation treatments. ► Implementation of in vivo dosimetry as a part of a quality assurance program in radiotherapy

  7. A marginal anticancer effect of regorafenib on pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mayer, Barbara; Karakhanova, Svetlana; Bauer, Nathalie; Liu, Li; Zhu, Yifan; Philippov, Pavel P; Werner, Jens; Bazhin, Alexandr V

    2017-11-01

    Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR are the prominent players in the induction of tumor neoangiogenesis. Strategies to inhibit VEGF and VEGFR are under intensive investigation in preclinical and clinical settings. Regorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor targeting some VEGFR and other receptor kinases. Preclinical results led to the FDA approval of regorafenib for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Effects of this drug in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have not been investigated yet. Gene expression was assessed with real-time PCR analysis. In vitro cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, migration, and invasion of the PDAC cells were assessed after regorafenib treatment. Ex vivo anti-tumor effects of regorafenib were investigated in a spheroid model of PDAC. In vivo anti-tumor effects of the drug were evaluated in a fertilized chicken egg model. In this work, we have demonstrated only a marginal anticancer effect of regorafenib in PDAC in vitro and ex vivo. However, in the egg model of PDAC, this drug reduced tumor volume. Besides, regorafenib is capable of modulating the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers on PDAC cells. We found out that effects of regorafenib on the expression of CSC and EMT markers are very heterogeneous and depend obviously on original expression of these markers. We concluded that regorafenib might be a potential drug for PDAC and it should be investigated in future clinical trials.

  8. Clinical application of in vivo dosimetry for external telecobalt machine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohammed, H. H. M.

    2011-01-01

    In external beam radiotherapy quality assurance is carried out on the individual components of treatment chain. The patient simulating device, planning system and treatment machine are tested regularly according to set protocols developed by national and international organizations. Even thought these individual systems are not tested for errors which can be made in the transfer between the systems. The best quality assurance for the treatment planning chain. In vivo dosimetry is used as a quality assurance tool for verifying dosimetry as either the entrance or exit surface of the patient undergoing external beam radiotherapy. It is a proven reliable method of checking overall treatment accuracy, allowing verification of dosimetry and dose calculation as well as patient treatment setup. Accurate in vivo dosimetry is carried out if diodes and thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs). the main detector types in use for in vivo dosimetry, are carefully calibrated and the factors influencing their sensitivity are taken into account. The aim of this study was to verify the response of TLDs type (LiF: Mg, Cu, p) use in radiotherapy, to establish calibration procedure for TLDs and to evaluate entrance dose obtained by the treatment planning system with measured dose using thermoluminescence detectors. Calibration of TLDs was done using Cobalt-60 teletherapy machine, linearity and calibration factors were determined. Measurements were performed in random phantom for breast irradiation (for the breast irradiation ( For the breast irradiation technique considered, wedge field was used). All TLDs were processed and analyzed at RICK. In vivo dosimetry represents a technique that has been widely employed to evaluate the dose to the patient mainly in radiotherapy. Thermoluminescent dosimeters are considered the gold stander for in vivo dosimetry and do not require cables for measurements which makes them ideal for mail based studies and have no dose rate or temperature dependence

  9. Favipiravir elicits antiviral mutagenesis during virus replication in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arias, Armando; Thorne, Lucy; Goodfellow, Ian

    2014-10-21

    Lethal mutagenesis has emerged as a novel potential therapeutic approach to treat viral infections. Several studies have demonstrated that increases in the high mutation rates inherent to RNA viruses lead to viral extinction in cell culture, but evidence during infections in vivo is limited. In this study, we show that the broad-range antiviral nucleoside favipiravir reduces viral load in vivo by exerting antiviral mutagenesis in a mouse model for norovirus infection. Increased mutation frequencies were observed in samples from treated mice and were accompanied with lower or in some cases undetectable levels of infectious virus in faeces and tissues. Viral RNA isolated from treated animals showed reduced infectivity, a feature of populations approaching extinction during antiviral mutagenesis. These results suggest that favipiravir can induce norovirus mutagenesis in vivo, which in some cases leads to virus extinction, providing a proof-of-principle for the use of favipiravir derivatives or mutagenic nucleosides in the clinical treatment of noroviruses.

  10. Superficial x-ray in-vivo dosimetry with MOSFET detectors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cheung, T.; Yu, P.K.N.; Butson, M.J.; Cancer Services, Wollongong, NSW

    2004-01-01

    Full text: This note investigates in-vivo dosimetry using a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) for radiotherapy treatment at superficial and orthovoltage x-ray energies. This was performed within one fraction of the patient's treatment. Standard measurements along with energy response of the detector are given. Results showed that the MOSFET measurements in-vivo agreed with calculated results on average within ± 5.6% over all superficial and orthovoltage energies. These variations were slightly larger than TLD results with variations between measured and calculated results being ± 5.0% for the same patient measurements. The MOSFET device provides adequate in-vivo dosimetry for superficial and orthovoltage energy treatments with the accuracy of the measurements seeming to be relatively on par with TLD in our case. The MOSFET does have the advantage of returning a relatively immediate dosimetric result after irradiation. Copyright (2004) Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine

  11. In vivo observation of transient photoreceptor movement correlated with oblique light stimulation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Yiming; Liu, Changgeng; Yao, Xincheng

    2018-02-01

    Rod-dominated transient retinal phototropism (TRP) has been observed in freshly isolated retinas, promising a noninvasive biomarker for high resolution assessment of retinal physiology. However, in vivo mapping of TRP is challenging due to its fast time course and sub-cellular signal magnitude. By developing a line-scanning and virtually structured detection based super-resolution ophthalmoscope, we report here in vivo observation of TRP in frog retina. In vivo characterization of TRP time course and magnitude were implemented by using variable light stimulus intensities.

  12. Virtual Reality Treatment in Acrophobia : A Comparison with Exposure in Vivo

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Emmelkamp, P.M.G.; Bruynzeel, M.; Drost, L.; Van der Mast, C.A.P.G.

    2001-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-budget virtual reality exposure versus exposure in vivo in a within-group design in 10 individuals suffering from acrophobia. Virtual reality exposure was found to be at least as effective as exposure in vivo on anxiety and

  13. Antimicrobial activity of extracts from in vivo and in vitro propagated ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The antimicrobial activity of 18 different extracts from in vivo and in vitro grown L. album L. plants was evaluated against clinical bacteria and yeasts using the well diffusion method. All the used extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity, whereas only the water extracts from leaves (in vivo) possessed antifungal activity ...

  14. Gut proteases target Yersinia invasin in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Freund Sandra

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Yersinia enterocolitica is a common cause of food borne gastrointestinal disease. After oral uptake, yersiniae invade Peyer's patches of the distal ileum. This is accomplished by the binding of the Yersinia invasin to β1 integrins on the apical surface of M cells which overlie follicle associated lymphoid tissue. The gut represents a barrier that severely limits yersiniae from reaching deeper tissues such as Peyer's patches. We wondered if gut protease attack on invasion factors could contribute to the low number of yersiniae invading Peyer's patches. Findings Here we show that invasin is rapidly degraded in vivo by gut proteases in the mouse infection model. In vivo proteolytic degradation is due to proteolysis by several gut proteases such as trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, pancreatic elastase, and pepsin. Protease treated yersiniae are shown to be less invasive in a cell culture model. YadA, another surface adhesin is cleaved by similar concentrations of gut proteases but Myf was not cleaved, showing that not all surface proteins are equally susceptible to degradation by gut proteases. Conclusions We demonstrate that gut proteases target important Yersinia virulence factors such as invasin and YadA in vivo. Since invasin is completely degraded within 2-3 h after reaching the small intestine of mice, it is no longer available to mediate invasion of Peyer's patches.

  15. Lyophilized insulin nanoparticles prepared from quaternized N-aryl derivatives of chitosan as a new strategy for oral delivery of insulin: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterizations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahjub, Reza; Radmehr, Moojan; Dorkoosh, Farid Abedin; Ostad, Seyed Naser; Rafiee-Tehrani, Morteza

    2014-12-01

    The purpose of this research was the development, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization of lyophilized insulin nanoparticles prepared from quaternized N-aryl derivatives of chitosan. Insulin nanoparticles were prepared from methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl), methylated N-(4 pyridinyl) and methylated N-(benzyl). Insulin nanoparticles containing non-modified chitosan and also trimethyl chiotsan (TMC) were also prepared as control. The effects of the freeze-drying process on physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles were investigated. The release of insulin from the nanoparticles was studied in vitro. The mechanism of the release of insulin from different types of nanoparticles was determined using curve fitting. The secondary structure of the insulin released from the nanoparticles was analyzed using circular dichroism and the cell cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on a Caco-2 cell line was determined. Ex vivo studies were performed on excised rat jejunum using Frantz diffusion cells. In vivo studies were performed on diabetic male Wistar rats and blood glucose level and insulin serum concentration were determined. Optimized nanoparticles with proper physico-chemical properties were obtained. The lyophilization process was found to cause a decrease in zeta potential and an increase in PdI as well as and a decrease in entrapment efficiency (EE%) and loading efficiency (LE%) but conservation in size of nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed non-aggregated, stable and spherical to sub-spherical nanoparticles. The in vitro release study revealed higher release rates for lyophilized compared to non-lyophilized nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity studies on Caco-2 cells revealed no significant cytotoxicity for prepared nanoparticles after 3-h post-incubation but did show the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity after 24 h. The percentage of cumulative insulin determined from ex vivo studies was significantly higher in nanoparticles prepared

  16. High-powered microwave ablation with a small-gauge, gas-cooled antenna: initial ex vivo and in vivo results.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lubner, Meghan G; Hinshaw, J Louis; Andreano, Anita; Sampson, Lisa; Lee, Fred T; Brace, Christopher L

    2012-03-01

    To evaluate the performance of a gas-cooled, high-powered microwave system. Investigators performed 54 ablations in ex vivo bovine livers using three devices-a single 17-gauge cooled radiofrequency(RF) electrode; a cluster RF electrode; and a single 17-gauge, gas-cooled microwave (MW) antenna-at three time points (n = 6 at 4 minutes, 12 minutes, and 16 minutes). RF power was applied using impedance-based pulsing with maximum 200 W generator output. MW power of 135 W at 2.45 GHz was delivered continuously. An approved in vivo study was performed using 13 domestic pigs. Hepatic ablations were performed using single applicators and the above-mentioned MW and RF generator systems at treatment times of 2 minutes (n = 7 MW, n = 6 RF), 5 minutes (n = 23 MW, n = 8 RF), 7 minutes (n = 11 MW, n = 6 RF), and 10 minutes (n = 7 MW, n = 9 RF). Mean transverse diameter and length of the ablation zones were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc t tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Single ex vivo MW ablations were larger than single RF ablations at all time points (MW mean diameter range 3.5-4.8 cm 4-16 minutes; RF mean diameter range 2.6-3.1 cm 4-16 minutes) (P generation of large ablation zones in short times. Copyright © 2012 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. In vivo rapid field map measurement and shimming

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kanayama, Shoichi; Kassai, Yoshimori; Kondo, Masafumi; Kuhara, Shigehide; Satoh, Kozo; Seo, Yasutsugu.

    1992-01-01

    MR imaging and MR spectroscopy need a homogeneous static magnetic field. The static field characteristics are determined by the magnet's homogeneity, the set-up conditions, and the magnetic suspectibility of the subject itself. The field inhomogeneity is usually minimized only once when the apparatus is installed. However, field distortions arising from the magnetic susceptibility differ with each subject and region. To overcome this problem, in vivo shimming can be carried out to improve the homogeneity. The procedures are too lengthy when applying the conventional shimming techniques in vivo. We have developed a new field map measurement technique using a double gradient-recalled echo phase mapping. The values of the currents for the 13-channel shim coils are derived by least squares fitting to the field map and automatically applied to the shim coils. The proposed technique can rapidly and accurately measure the field map in vivo and correct the field inhomogeneity. The results show that this technique improves the homogeneity, especially in regions having a simple field distribution. However, local sharp field distortions which can not be practically corrected by shimming occur near the eyes, ears, heart, etc. due to abrupt susceptibility changes. (author)

  18. Benefits of online in vivo dosimetry for single-fraction total body irradiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eaton, David J., E-mail: davideaton@nhs.net [Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Free Hospital, London (United Kingdom); Warry, Alison J. [Department of Radiotherapy Physics, University College London Hospital, London (United Kingdom); Trimble, Rachel E.; Vilarino-Varela, Maria J.; Collis, Christopher H. [Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Free Hospital, London (United Kingdom)

    2014-01-01

    Use of a patient test dose before single-fraction total body irradiation (TBI) allows review of in vivo dosimetry and modification of the main treatment setup. However, use of computed tomography (CT) planning and online in vivo dosimetry may reduce the need for this additional step. Patients were treated using a supine CT-planned extended source-to-surface distance (SSD) technique with lead compensators and bolus. In vivo dosimetry was performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and diodes at 10 representative anatomical locations, for both a 0.1-Gy test dose and the treatment dose. In total, 28 patients were treated between April 2007 and July 2013, with changes made in 10 cases (36%) following test dose results. Overall, 98.1% of measured in vivo treatment doses were within 10% of the prescribed dose, compared with 97.0% of test dose readings. Changes made following the test dose could have been applied during the single-fraction treatment itself, assuming that the dose was delivered in subportions and online in vivo dosimetry was available for all clinically important anatomical sites. This alleviates the need for a test dose, saving considerable time and resources.

  19. Benefits of online in vivo dosimetry for single-fraction total body irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eaton, David J.; Warry, Alison J.; Trimble, Rachel E.; Vilarino-Varela, Maria J.; Collis, Christopher H.

    2014-01-01

    Use of a patient test dose before single-fraction total body irradiation (TBI) allows review of in vivo dosimetry and modification of the main treatment setup. However, use of computed tomography (CT) planning and online in vivo dosimetry may reduce the need for this additional step. Patients were treated using a supine CT-planned extended source-to-surface distance (SSD) technique with lead compensators and bolus. In vivo dosimetry was performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and diodes at 10 representative anatomical locations, for both a 0.1-Gy test dose and the treatment dose. In total, 28 patients were treated between April 2007 and July 2013, with changes made in 10 cases (36%) following test dose results. Overall, 98.1% of measured in vivo treatment doses were within 10% of the prescribed dose, compared with 97.0% of test dose readings. Changes made following the test dose could have been applied during the single-fraction treatment itself, assuming that the dose was delivered in subportions and online in vivo dosimetry was available for all clinically important anatomical sites. This alleviates the need for a test dose, saving considerable time and resources

  20. Degradation of dynorphin A in brain tissue in vivo and in vitro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Young, E.A.; Walker, J.M.; Houghten, R.; Akil, H.

    1987-07-01

    The demonstration of analgesia following in vivo administration of dynorphin A (Dyn A) has been difficult. In contrast, a number of electrophysiological and behavioral effects reported with in vivo injection of Dyn A can be produced by des-tyrosine dynorphin A (Dyn A 2-17). This suggested the extremely rapid amino terminal degradation of dynorphin A. To test this hypothesis, we examined the degradation of dynorphin A following in vivo injection into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) as well as in vitro using rat brain membranes under receptor binding conditions. In vivo, we observed the rapid amino terminal cleavage of tyrosine to yield the relatively more stable destyrosine dynorphin A. This same cleavage after tyrosine was observed in vitro. Inhibition of this aminopeptidase activity in vitro was observed by the addition of dynorphin A 2-17 or dynorphin A 7-17 but not after the addition of dynorphin A 1-13, dynorphin A 1-8, dynorphin B or alpha-neo-endorphin suggesting a specific enzyme may be responsible. The detection of the behaviorally active des-tyrosine dynorphin A following in vivo injection of dynorphin A suggests that this peptide may play an important physiological role.

  1. In vivo and in vitro studies of cartilage differentiation in altered gravities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montufar-Solis, D.; Duke, P. J.; D'Aunno, D.

    The in vivo model our laboratory uses for studies of cartilage differentiation in space is the rat growth plate. Differences between missions, and in rat age and recovery times, provided differing results from each mission. However, in all missions, proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate of spaceflown rats was altered as was matrix organization. In vitro systems, necessary complements to in vivo work, provide some advantages over the in vivo situation. In vitro, centrifugation of embryonic limb buds suppressed morphogenesis due to precocious differentiation, and changes in the developmental pattern suggest the involvement of Hox genes. In space, embryonic mouse limb mesenchyme cells differentiating in vitro on IML-1 had smoother membranes and lacked matrix seen in controls. Unusual formations, possibly highly ruffled membranes, were found in flight cultures. These results, coupled with in vivo centrifugation studies, show that in vivo or in vitro, the response of chondrocytes to gravitational changes follows Hert's curve as modified by Simon, i.e. decreased loading decreases differentiation, and increased loading speeds it up, but only to a point. After that, additional increases again slow down chondrogenesis.

  2. Management system of in vivo reports of activity measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Castro, R.C.; Dantas, A.L.A.; Lourenco, M.C.; Dantas, B.M.

    2005-01-01

    The SGRIMA (management system of in vivo reports of activity measurements) is a software for Windows developed specifically for the Laboratory of In Vivo Measurements of the IRD - Brazilian Institute for Radioprotection and Dosimetry -, in order to manage the individual monitoring process that includes personal data archiving, data relating to the parameters of each measure and calculation results of activity. The software was developed in MS Visual Basic 6, using a MS Access database and can be run on personal computers with MS Windows 98 or higher

  3. In Vivo Respiratory-Gated Micro-CT Imaging in Small-Animal Oncology Models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dawn Cavanaugh

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT is becoming an accepted research tool for the noninvasive examination of laboratory animals such as mice and rats, but to date, in vivo scanning has largely been limited to the evaluation of skeletal tissues. We use a commercially available micro-CT device to perform respiratory gated in vivo acquisitions suitable for thoracic imaging. The instrument is described, along with the scan protocol and animal preparation techniques. Preliminary results confirm that lung tumors as small as 1 mm in diameter are visible in vivo with these methods. Radiation dose was evaluated using several approaches, and was found to be approximately 0.15 Gy for this respiratory-gated micro-CT imaging protocol. The combination of high-resolution CT imaging and respiratory-gated acquisitions appears well-suited to serial in vivo scanning.

  4. La tecnología y el medio ambiente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Ospina Torres

    1991-01-01

    Full Text Available La transformación del globo terráqueo, conforme a las leyes de la naturaleza, lo lleva al estado en el que hoy se encuentra. Dentro de esta transformación se encuentra un hito maravilloso y sobrecogedor: la aparición de la vida. Una vez aparecida ésta, la transformación mencionada se habrá de contemplar referida, necesariamente por la importancia que para nosotros representa, a la evolución de las especies vivas y dentro de ella contemplamos asombrados la aparición de la especie inteligente, de la especie humana. A diferencia de los demás seres vivos, que lograron su objetivo (supervivencia y perdurabilidad apropiándose de los frutos y facilidades que le brinda la naturaleza, el hombre actúa premeditadamente para transformarla, procurando someterla y ponerla a su servicio. Inteligentemente actúa buscando no sólo la supervivencia y la perdurabilidad, sino que, además, procura su comodidad y su bienestar de vida. Es en esta búsqueda dentro de la que se puede enmarcar el desarrollo de las técnicas, la ciencia y la tecnología. En la última parte de la historia de la humanidad se aprecia la íntima ligazón del logro progresivo de condiciones para su bienestar, con el desarrollo de técnicas que al confluir con el desarrollo de los conocimientos de los principios básicos que explican, interpretan y modelan el comportamiento de la naturaleza, potencian y aceleran los desarrollos de nuevas técnicas, logrando y propiciando la elaboración y utilización masiva de bienes y servicios, con altas eficiencias y tasas de producción, para desembocar en tecnologías que jalonan, caracterizan y dominan el desarrollo moderno del mundo. Son la ciencia y la tecnología que confluyen en la atención de las demandas de la humanidad.

  5. Liver volume measurement: reason of the difference between in vivo CT-volumetry and intraoperative ex vivo determination and how to cope it.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Niehues, Stefan M; Unger, J K; Malinowski, M; Neymeyer, J; Hamm, B; Stockmann, M

    2010-08-20

    Volumetric assessment of the liver regularly yields discrepant results between pre- and intraoperatively determined volumes. Nevertheless, the main factor responsible for this discrepancy remains still unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically determine the difference between in vivo CT-volumetry and ex vivo volumetry in a pig animal model. Eleven pigs were studied. Liver density assessment, CT-volumetry and water displacement volumetry was performed after surgical removal of the complete liver. Known possible errors of volume determination like resection or segmentation borders were eliminated in this model. Regression analysis was performed and differences between CT-volumetry and water displacement determined. Median liver density was 1.07g/ml. Regression analysis showed a high correlation of r(2) = 0.985 between CT-volumetry and water displacement. CT-volumetry was found to be 13% higher than water displacement volumetry (pvolumetry and ex vivo water displacement volumetry seems to be blood perfusion of the liver. The systematic difference of 13 percent has to be taken in account when dealing with those measures.

  6. Ex Vivo and In Vivo Characterization of Interpolymeric Blend/Nanoenabled Gastroretentive Levodopa Delivery Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ndidi C. Ngwuluka

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available One approach for delivery of narrow absorption window drugs is to formulate gastroretentive drug delivery systems. This study was undertaken to provide insight into in vivo performances of two gastroretentive systems (PXLNET and IPB matrices in comparison to Madopar® HBS capsules. The pig model was used to assess gastric residence time and pharmacokinetic parameters using blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, and urine samples. Histopathology and cytotoxicity testing were also undertaken. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that levodopa was liberated from the drug delivery systems, absorbed, widely distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Cmax were 372.37, 257.02, and 461.28 ng/mL and MRT were 15.36, 14.98, and 13.30 for Madopar HBS capsules, PXLNET, and IPB, respectively. In addition, X-ray imaging indicated that the gastroretentive systems have the potential to reside in the stomach for 7 hours. There was strong in vitro-in vivo correlation for all formulations with r2 values of 0.906, 0.935, and 0.945 for Madopar HBS capsules, PXLNET, and IPB, respectively. Consequently, PXLNET and IPB matrices have pertinent potential as gastroretentive systems for narrow absorption window drugs (e.g., L-dopa and, in this application specifically, enhanced the central nervous system and/or systemic bioavailability of such drugs.

  7. Comprehensive Antiretroviral Restriction Factor Profiling Reveals the Evolutionary Imprint of the ex Vivo and in Vivo IFN-β Response in HTLV-1-Associated Neuroinflammation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leal, Fabio E; Menezes, Soraya Maria; Costa, Emanuela A S; Brailey, Phillip M; Gama, Lucio; Segurado, Aluisio C; Kallas, Esper G; Nixon, Douglas F; Dierckx, Tim; Khouri, Ricardo; Vercauteren, Jurgen; Galvão-Castro, Bernardo; Saraiva Raposo, Rui Andre; Van Weyenbergh, Johan

    2018-01-01

    HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a progressive neuroinflammatory disorder for which no disease-modifying treatment exists. Modest clinical benefit from type I interferons (IFN-α/β) in HAM/TSP contrasts with its recently identified IFN-inducible gene signature. In addition, IFN-α treatment in vivo decreases proviral load and immune activation in HAM/TSP, whereas IFN-β therapy decreases tax mRNA and lymphoproliferation. We hypothesize this "IFN paradox" in HAM/TSP might be explained by both cell type- and gene-specific effects of type I IFN in HTLV-1-associated pathogenesis. Therefore, we analyzed ex vivo transcriptomes of CD4 + T cells, PBMCs and whole blood in healthy controls, HTLV-1-infected individuals, and HAM/TSP patients. First, we used a targeted approach, simultaneously quantifying HTLV-1 mRNA (HBZ, Tax), proviral load and 42 host genes with known antiretroviral (anti-HIV) activity in purified CD4 + T cells. This revealed two major clusters ("antiviral/protective" vs. "proviral/deleterious"), as evidenced by significant negative (TRIM5/TRIM22/BST2) vs. positive correlation (ISG15/PAF1/CDKN1A) with HTLV-1 viral markers and clinical status. Surprisingly, we found a significant inversion of antiretroviral activity of host restriction factors, as evidenced by opposite correlation to in vivo HIV-1 vs. HTLV-1 RNA levels. The anti-HTLV-1 effect of antiviral cluster genes was significantly correlated to their adaptive chimp/human evolution score, for both Tax mRNA and PVL. Six genes of the proposed antiviral cluster underwent lentivirus-driven purifying selection during primate evolution (TRIM5/TRIM22/BST2/APOBEC3F-G-H), underscoring the cross-retroviral evolutionary imprint. Secondly, we examined the genome-wide type I IFN response in HAM/TSP patients, following short-term ex vivo culture of PBMCs with either IFN-α or IFN-β. Microarray analysis evidenced 12 antiretroviral genes (including TRIM5α/TRIM22/BST2) were significantly up-regulated by IFN

  8. Validation criteria of an internal dosimetry laboratory in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alfaro L, M. de las M.

    2014-10-01

    People working with radioactive materials, under certain circumstances (e.g. not using the proper protective equipment, an incident not covered, etc.) could be incorporated into the body. The radiation protection programs include direct measurement methods -in vivo- or indirect -in vitro- or both, to know that radioactive material is incorporated into the body. The monitoring measurements of internal contamination or (Radio-bioassay) are carried out with the purpose of determining the amount of radioactive material incorporated in the body; estimate the effective dose and committed dose; management administration of radiation protection; appropriate medical management; and to provide the data necessary for the legal requirements and the preservation of records. The measurement methods used in the monitoring of internal contamination must be validated by the combination of the following processes: calibration, using standards reference materials and/or simulators; execute systematic research, using control samples; and intercomparison between laboratories and performance tests. In this paper the validation criteria of an internal dosimetry laboratory in vivo are presented following the information provided by the standard ANSI N13-30-1996 and ISO/TEC 17025-2005 as are the criteria of facilities, staff training, interpretation of measurements, performance criteria for monitoring of internal contamination in vivo, results reporting and records retention. Thereby we achieve standardized quantitative performance criteria of truthfulness, accuracy and detection limit and a consensus on statistical definitions to establish the validation plan of a monitoring laboratory of internal contamination in vivo. (Author)

  9. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of three computer-aided shade matching instruments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yuan, Kun; Sun, Xiang; Wang, Fu; Wang, Hui; Chen, Ji-hua

    2012-01-01

    This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of three computer-aided shade matching instruments (Shadepilot, VITA Easyshade, and ShadeEye NCC) using both in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model included the measurement of five VITA Classical shade guides. The in vivo model utilized three instruments to measure the central region of the labial surface of maxillary right central incisors of 85 people. The accuracy and reliability of the three instruments in these two evaluating models were calculated. Significant differences were observed in the accuracy of instruments both in vitro and in vivo. No significant differences were found in the reliability of instruments between and within the in vitro and the in vivo groups. VITA Easyshade was significantly different in accuracy between in vitro and in vivo models, while no significant difference was found for the other two instruments. Shadepilot was the only instrument tested in the present study that showed high accuracy and reliability both in vitro and in vivo. Significant differences were observed in the L*a*b* values of the 85 natural teeth measured using three instruments in the in vivo assessment. The pair-agreement rates of shade matching among the three instruments ranged from 37.7% to 48.2%, and the incidence of identical shade results shared by all three instruments was 25.9%. As different L*a*b* values and shade matching results were reported for the same tooth, a combination of the evaluated shade matching instruments and visual shade confirmation is recommended for clinical use.

  10. Reconstrucción mamaria mediante colgajo transverso miocutáneo de gracilis: evaluación de resultados y estudio comparativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. Yuste-Benavente

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El uso de tejido abdominal representa una de las primeras líneas de actuación en reconstrucción mamaria con tejido autólogo. En aquellas pacientes en las que no está disponible, el colgajo miocutáneo transverso de gracilis (TMG representa una opción válida para la creación de una nueva mama. Presentamos una serie de 10 casos de reconstrucción mamaria con TMG con el objetivo de evaluar esta opción quirúrgica. Para ello, administramos a las pacientes intervenidas un cuestionario sobre calidad de la reconstrucción y de la zona donante y valoramos además: la duración promedio de la intervención, el periodo promedio de ingreso hospitalario, las complicaciones sufridas en el área donante y en la mama reconstruida. Para poder comparar los resultados obtenidos con esta técnica, recogimos también los mismos datos en las pacientes sometidas a reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo de músculo dorsal ancho, una alternativa a la reconstrucción con tejido abdominal ampliamente extendida. Exponemos los resultados de la comparación, que obtuvieron resultados superiores en los ítems referentes al aspecto de la mama reconstruida con el colgajo TMG.

  11. ¿Es necesario disponer de ECMO para reparar cardiopatías congénitas de complejidad elevada? Nuestra experiencia en los últimos 6 años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Sánchez Pérez

    2017-01-01

    Conclusiones: Creemos que actualmente es necesario disponer de la ECMO en el postoperatorio de los pacientes intervenidos de cardiopatías congénitas, dado que parece asociarse a un beneficio en términos de supervivencia.

  12. Differences between in vitro and in vivo obtained schistosomules Diferenças entre esquistossômulos obtidos in vitro e in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alan L. Melo

    1990-04-01

    Full Text Available The injection of cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni into the peritoneal cavity of naive mice induces cell adhesion to these larvae, and this adherence sharply decreases when the infecting larva changes to schistosomule. This procedure was used to detect differences between schistosomules obtained in vivo and in vitro. Reinoculation of schistosomules obtained in vivo into the peritoneal cavity of mice did not trigger cell adhesion. In contrast, adherent cells were found in 4 and 24-hour-in vitro schistosomules. Our data on schistosomules obtained in vitro indicate that more than 24 hours are needed for complete remotion of molecules involved in the phenomenon of cell adhesion.Injeção de cercárias de Schistosoma mansoni na cavidade peritoneal de camundongos normais induz adesão celular a estas larvas. Esta aderência diminui acentuadamente quando as larvas infectantes se transformam em esquistossômulos. Este procedimento foi usado para detectar diferenças entre esquistossômulos obtidos in vivo e in vitro. A reinoculação de esquistossômulos obtidos in vivo na cavidade peritoneal de camundongos não acarreta adesão celular. Por outro lado, células aderentes foram encontradas em esquistossômulos obtidos in vitro (4 e 24 horas, respectivamente. Nossos dados referentes a esquistossômulos obtidos in vitro indicam que mais de 24 horas são necessárias para a completa remoção de moléculas envolvidas no fenômeno de adesão celular.

  13. Development of potent in vivo mutagenesis plasmids with broad mutational spectra.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Badran, Ahmed H; Liu, David R

    2015-10-07

    Methods to enhance random mutagenesis in cells offer advantages over in vitro mutagenesis, but current in vivo methods suffer from a lack of control, genomic instability, low efficiency and narrow mutational spectra. Using a mechanism-driven approach, we created a potent, inducible, broad-spectrum and vector-based mutagenesis system in E. coli that enhances mutation 322,000-fold over basal levels, surpassing the mutational efficiency and spectra of widely used in vivo and in vitro methods. We demonstrate that this system can be used to evolve antibiotic resistance in wild-type E. coli in mutagenesis of chromosomes, episomes and viruses in vivo, and are applicable to both bacterial and bacteriophage-mediated laboratory evolution platforms.

  14. Supervivencias del Baile de la Conquista en Guatemala

    OpenAIRE

    Brisset Martín, Demetrio E.

    1995-01-01

    En numerosas localidades latinoamericanas, en su fiesta patronal se recuerda la lucha de sus antepasados contra los conquistadores ibéricos, mediante representaciones teatrales que mezclan danzas con retos y parlamentos. En 1989 efectuamos una campaña etnográfica de recogida de datos documentales y de la tradición oral, en comunidades cakchiqueles, tzutuiles y quichés de Guatemala, para estudiar la situación en la que se encontraban sus “bailes de conquista”, y los significados que poseían p...

  15. Las supervivencias y aversiones de los revolucionarios colombianos.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando A. Chinchilla.

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Why did certain Colombian armed groups such as the M-19, the Popular Liberation Army (EPL, the Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT and the Socialist Renovation Current (CRS decide to sign a peace agreement while others, such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC and the National Liberation Army (ELN refused to do so? Based on a historical analysis of the political behavior of these armed groups, this essay shows that willingness to negotiate depends, at least partly, on the belligerents' extremism or modera-tion, which varies as a function of the balance of power between 'hardliners' and 'softlin-ers' (distribution of political, economic, and strategic resources within each collective actor. The essay identifies four strategic choices: recognition of the adversary, acceptance of negotiation as a valid political tool for conflict resolution, calls for defining the rules of peace negotiations, and sending costly signals in favor of peace, which help to distinguish a moderate from an extremist. The essay concludes that the use of political violence is not necessarily an indicator of extremism.

  16. In vivo study of human skin using pulsed terahertz radiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pickwell, E [Semiconductor Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE (United Kingdom); Cole, B E [TeraView Ltd, Unit 302/4 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0WG (United Kingdom); Fitzgerald, A J [TeraView Ltd, Unit 302/4 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0WG (United Kingdom); Pepper, M [Semiconductor Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE (United Kingdom); Wallace, V P [TeraView Ltd, Unit 302/4 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0WG (United Kingdom)

    2004-05-07

    Studies in terahertz (THz) imaging have revealed a significant difference between skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma) and healthy tissue. Since water has strong absorptions at THz frequencies and tumours tend to have different water content from normal tissue, a likely contrast mechanism is variation in water content. Thus, we have previously devised a finite difference time-domain (FDTD) model which is able to closely simulate the interaction of THz radiation with water. In this work we investigate the interaction of THz radiation with normal human skin on the forearm and palm of the hand in vivo. We conduct the first ever systematic in vivo study of the response of THz radiation to normal skin. We take in vivo reflection measurements of normal skin on the forearm and palm of the hand of 20 volunteers. We compare individual examples of THz responses with the mean response for the areas of skin under investigation. Using the in vivo data, we demonstrate that the FDTD model can be applied to biological tissue. In particular, we successfully simulate the interaction of THz radiation with the volar forearm. Understanding the interaction of THz radiation with normal skin will form a step towards developing improved imaging algorithms for diagnostic detection of skin cancer and other tissue disorders using THz radiation.

  17. In vivo study of human skin using pulsed terahertz radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pickwell, E; Cole, B E; Fitzgerald, A J; Pepper, M; Wallace, V P

    2004-01-01

    Studies in terahertz (THz) imaging have revealed a significant difference between skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma) and healthy tissue. Since water has strong absorptions at THz frequencies and tumours tend to have different water content from normal tissue, a likely contrast mechanism is variation in water content. Thus, we have previously devised a finite difference time-domain (FDTD) model which is able to closely simulate the interaction of THz radiation with water. In this work we investigate the interaction of THz radiation with normal human skin on the forearm and palm of the hand in vivo. We conduct the first ever systematic in vivo study of the response of THz radiation to normal skin. We take in vivo reflection measurements of normal skin on the forearm and palm of the hand of 20 volunteers. We compare individual examples of THz responses with the mean response for the areas of skin under investigation. Using the in vivo data, we demonstrate that the FDTD model can be applied to biological tissue. In particular, we successfully simulate the interaction of THz radiation with the volar forearm. Understanding the interaction of THz radiation with normal skin will form a step towards developing improved imaging algorithms for diagnostic detection of skin cancer and other tissue disorders using THz radiation

  18. In vivo near infrared (NIRS) sensor attachment using fibrin bioadhesive

    Science.gov (United States)

    Macnab, Andrew; Pagano, Roberto; Kwon, Brian; Dumont, Guy; Shadgan, Babak

    2018-02-01

    Background: `Tisseel' (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) is a fibrin-based sealant that is commonly used during spine surgery to augment dural repairs. We wish to intra-operatively secure a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor to the dura in order to monitor the tissue hemodynamics of the underlying spinal cord. To determine if `Tisseel' sealant adversely attenuates NIR photon transmission. Methods: We investigated `Tisseel' in both an in vitro and in vivo paradigm. For in vitro testing, we used a 1 mm pathlength cuvette containing either air or `Tisseel' interposed between a NIR light source (760 and 850 nm) and a photodiode detector and compared transmittance. For in vivo testing, a continuous wave (760 and 850 nm) spatiallyresolved NIRS device was placed over the triceps muscle using either conventional skin apposition (overlying adhesive bandage) or bioadhesion with `Tisseel'. Raw optical data and tissue saturation index (TSI%) collected at rest were compared. Results: In-vitro NIR light absorption by `Tisseel' was very high, with transmittance reduced by 95% compared to air. In-vivo muscle TSI% values were 80% with conventional attachment and 20% using fibrin glue. Conclusion: The optical properties of `Tisseel' significantly attenuate NIR light during in-vitro transmittance and critically compromise photon transmission in-vivo.

  19. Extending VIVO, a semantic web app, to share semantic data across institutions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rowan, Linda R.; Gross, M. Benjamin; Mayernik, Matthew; Khan, Huda; Boler, Frances; Maull, Keith; Stott, Don; Johns, Erica; Daniels, Michael; Krafft, Dean; Meertens, Charles

    2017-04-01

    The EarthCollab project, a U.S. National Science Foundation EarthCube Building Block, is extending an existing open-source semantic web application, VIVO, to enable the exchange of information about scientific researchers and resources across institutions. VIVO has been implemented by more than 100 universities and research institutions to highlight research and institutional achievements. Most implementations of VIVO, however, gather information about a single organization. The EarthCollab project VIVO extensions enable cross-linking of VIVO instances to reduce duplication of information about the same people and scientific resources, and enable dynamic linking of related information across VIVO installations. EarthCollab is a collaboration between UNAVCO, a geodetic facility and consortium that supports diverse research projects informed by geodesy, The Bering Sea Project, an interdisciplinary field program whose data archive is hosted by NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory, and Cornell University. Test cross-linking implementations have been deployed by UNAVCO and Cornell to demonstrate the following core features: 1. Look up people and things at an external VIVO instance, 2. Assert equivalence between URIs at the two institutions (i.e., a person) using the 'owl:sameAs' property, 3. Provide a subset of data as RDF and JSON as a service from one institution, 4. Display the data requested from the service at the other institution's site, and 5. Allow a user to distinguish between data sources when displayed on one page. Currently, a curator makes the 'sameAs' assertions manually, but persistent and unique identifiers such as ORCIDs for people and DOIs for datasets could be used to automate the process. As development of the cross-linking extension continues, we must address a number of open questions. For example, if cross-linking institutions have duplicate or conflicting information, should one institution be considered the canonical source, or should the

  20. Microscopia confocal in vivo na cistinose: relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Gustavo

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available A cistinose é doença autossômica recessiva rara caracterizada pelo acúmulo do aminoácido cistina livre dentro dos lisossomos e geralmente é fatal na primeira década de vida na ausência de transplante renal. O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar os achados da microscopia confocal in vivo em paciente adulto com cistinose infantil. O exame de microscopia confocal in vivo revelou que há diferenças quanto à intensidade de acometimento, tamanho e forma dos depósitos nas diversas camadas corneanas.

  1. Nano-palladium is a cellular catalyst for in vivo chemistry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miller, Miles A.; Askevold, Bjorn; Mikula, Hannes; Kohler, Rainer H.; Pirovich, David; Weissleder, Ralph

    2017-07-01

    Palladium catalysts have been widely adopted for organic synthesis and diverse industrial applications given their efficacy and safety, yet their biological in vivo use has been limited to date. Here we show that nanoencapsulated palladium is an effective means to target and treat disease through in vivo catalysis. Palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) were created by screening different Pd compounds and then encapsulating bis[tri(2-furyl)phosphine]palladium(II) dichloride in a biocompatible poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-polyethyleneglycol platform. Using mouse models of cancer, the NPs efficiently accumulated in tumours, where the Pd-NP activated different model prodrugs. Longitudinal studies confirmed that prodrug activation by Pd-NP inhibits tumour growth, extends survival in tumour-bearing mice and mitigates toxicity compared to standard doxorubicin formulations. Thus, here we demonstrate safe and efficacious in vivo catalytic activity of a Pd compound in mammals.

  2. In vivo cellular imaging using fluorescent proteins - Methods and Protocols

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Monti

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The discovery and genetic engineering of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized cell biology. What was previously invisible to the cell often can be made visible with the use of fluorescent proteins. With this words, Robert M. Hoffman introduces In vivo Cellular Imaging Using Fluorescent proteins, the eighteen chapters book dedicated to the description of how fluorescence proteins have changed the way to analyze cellular processes in vivo. Modern researches aim to study new and less invasive methods able to follow the behavior of different cell types in different biological contexts: for example, how cancer cells migrate or how they respond to different therapies. Also, in vivo systems can help researchers to better understand animal embryonic development so as how fluorescence proteins may be used to monitor different processes in living organisms at the molecular and cellular level.

  3. In vivo demonstration of surgical task assistance using miniature robots.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hawks, Jeff A; Kunowski, Jacob; Platt, Stephen R

    2012-10-01

    Laparoscopy is beneficial to patients as measured by less painful recovery and an earlier return to functional health compared to conventional open surgery. However, laparoscopy requires the manipulation of long, slender tools from outside the patient's body. As a result, laparoscopy generally benefits only patients undergoing relatively simple procedures. An innovative approach to laparoscopy uses miniature in vivo robots that fit entirely inside the abdominal cavity. Our previous work demonstrated that a mobile, wireless robot platform can be successfully operated inside the abdominal cavity with different payloads (biopsy, camera, and physiological sensors). We hope that these robots are a step toward reducing the invasiveness of laparoscopy. The current study presents design details and results of laboratory and in vivo demonstrations of several new payload designs (clamping, cautery, and liquid delivery). Laboratory and in vivo cooperation demonstrations between multiple robots are also presented.

  4. Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sylow, Lykke; Møller, Lisbeth; Kleinert, Maximilian

    2017-01-01

    , but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic...... uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of a2KD. It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not a2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal...

  5. Real-time detection of p-phenylenediamine penetration into human skin by in vivo Raman spectroscopy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Pot, Laura Marjolijn; Coenraads, Pieter-Jan; Blomeke, Brunhilde; Puppels, Gerwin J.; Caspers, Peter J.

    Background. Penetration, autoxidation and N-acetylation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) have been studied in vitro and ex vivo. However, a clear understanding of in vivo PPD penetration and the formation of PPD derivatives is lacking. Objectives. To obtain insights into the in vivo penetration,

  6. An ionic liquid-in-water microemulsion as a potential carrier for topical delivery of poorly water soluble drug: Development, ex-vivo and in-vivo evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goindi, Shishu; Kaur, Ramanpreet; Kaur, Randeep

    2015-11-30

    In this paper, we report an ionic liquid-in-water (IL/w) microemulsion (ME) formulation which is able to solubilize etodolac (ETO), a poorly water soluble drug for topical delivery using BMIMPF6 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) as IL, Tween 80 as surfactant and ethanol as co-surfactant. The prepared ME was characterized for physicochemical parameters, subjected to ex-vivo permeation studies as well as in-vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation. The ex-vivo drug permeation studies through rat skin was performed using Franz-diffusion cell and the IL/w based ME showed maximum mean cumulative percent permeation of 99.030±0.921% in comparison to oil-in-water (o/w) ME (61.548±1.875%) and oily solution (48.830±2.488%) of ETO. In-vivo anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activities of the prepared formulations were evaluated using different rodent models and the results revealed that ETO loaded IL/w based ME was found to be more effective in controlling inflammation than oily solution, o/w ME and marketed formulation of ETO. Histopathological studies also demonstrated that IL/w based ME caused no anatomical and pathological changes in the skin. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Evaluation of Nanolipoprotein Particles (NLPs) as an In Vivo Delivery Platform

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fischer, Nicholas O. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Weilhammer, Dina R. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Dunkle, Alexis [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Thomas, Cynthia [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Hwang, Mona [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Corzett, Michele [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Lychak, Cheri [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Mayer, Wasima [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Urbin, Salustra [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Collette, Nicole [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Chiun Chang, Jiun [Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States). School of Natural Sciences; Loots, Gabriela G. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States). School of Natural Sciences; Rasley, Amy [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Blanchette, Craig D. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Division; Ceña, Valentin [Univ. of Castilla-La Mancha, Real (Spain)

    2014-03-27

    Nanoparticles hold great promise for the delivery of therapeutics, yet limitations remain with regards to the use of these nanosystems for efficient long-lasting targeted delivery of therapeutics, including imparting functionality to the platform, in vivo stability, drug entrapment efficiency and toxicity. In order to begin to address these limitations, we evaluated the functionality, stability, cytotoxicity, toxicity, immunogenicity and in vivo biodistribution of nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs), which are mimetics of naturally occurring high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). We also found that a wide range of molecules could be reliably conjugated to the NLP, including proteins, single-stranded DNA, and small molecules. The NLP was also found to be relatively stable in complex biological fluids and displayed no cytotoxicity in vitro at doses as high as 320 µg/ml. In addition, we observed that in vivo administration of the NLP daily for 14 consecutive days did not induce significant weight loss or result in lesions on excised organs. Furthermore, the NLPs did not display overt immunogenicity with respect to antibody generation. Finally, the biodistribution of the NLP in vivo was found to be highly dependent on the route of administration, where intranasal administration resulted in prolonged retention in the lung tissue. Though only a select number of NLP compositions were evaluated, the findings of this study suggest that the NLP platform holds promise for use as both a targeted and non-targeted in vivo delivery vehicle for a range of therapeutics.

  8. Demografía poblacional de Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae y Physalaemus biligonigerus (Anura: Leiuperidae en agroecosistemas de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clarisa Bionda

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available El crecimiento de la agricultura produce pérdida del hábitat natural, con consecuencias para la biodiversidad de los anfibios. Se analizó la demografía poblacional de dos especies de anfibios en agroecosistemas de la provincia de Córdoba, Rhinella arenarum y Physalaemus biligonigerus. Los muestreos se realizaron en tres agroecosistemas y en un cuarto sitio, no afectado por cultivos. Los individuos se capturaron utilizando trampas de caída viva y relevamientos visuales. Con los datos de abundancia se estimó la supervivencia para cada clase de edad y con las tasas de supervivencia y fertilidad poblacional, se construyeron matrices de Leslie para obtener una proyección cuantitativa del tamaño poblacional. Las proyecciones poblacionales fueron favorables para el sitio SM2 y desfavorables para los sitios cultivados. Los agroecosistemas son ambientes posiblemente inhóspitos para la reproducción y supervivencia de las especies estudiadas. Particularmente se ven afectados aquellos estadios acuáticos del ciclo de vida de estas especies, debido al deterioro de los cuerpos de agua en estas áreas. Se reconocieron efectos especie-específicos de los ecosistemas agrícolas, ya que P. biligonigerus resultó la especie más afectada. Se sugiere un deterioro ambiental producido por cultivos extensivos de soja, lo que impactaría la demografía de las poblaciones de anuros.

  9. DMS-MaPseq for genome-wide or targeted RNA structure probing in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zubradt, Meghan; Gupta, Paromita; Persad, Sitara; Lambowitz, Alan M; Weissman, Jonathan S; Rouskin, Silvi

    2017-01-01

    Coupling of structure-specific in vivo chemical modification to next-generation sequencing is transforming RNA secondary structure studies in living cells. The dominant strategy for detecting in vivo chemical modifications uses reverse transcriptase truncation products, which introduce biases and necessitate population-average assessments of RNA structure. Here we present dimethyl sulfate (DMS) mutational profiling with sequencing (DMS-MaPseq), which encodes DMS modifications as mismatches using a thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase. DMS-MaPseq yields a high signal-to-noise ratio, can report multiple structural features per molecule, and allows both genome-wide studies and focused in vivo investigations of even low-abundance RNAs. We apply DMS-MaPseq for the first analysis of RNA structure within an animal tissue and to identify a functional structure involved in noncanonical translation initiation. Additionally, we use DMS-MaPseq to compare the in vivo structure of pre-mRNAs with their mature isoforms. These applications illustrate DMS-MaPseq's capacity to dramatically expand in vivo analysis of RNA structure.

  10. In vivo mitochondrial oxygen tension measured by a delayed fluorescence lifetime technique

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mik, Egbert G.; Johannes, Tanja; Zuurbier, Coert J.; Heinen, Andre; Houben-Weerts, Judith H. P. M.; Balestra, Gianmarco M.; Stap, Jan; Beek, Johan F.; Ince, Can

    2008-01-01

    Mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO(2)) is a key parameter for cellular function, which is considered to be affected under various pathophysiological circumstances. Although many techniques for assessing in vivo oxygenation are available, no technique for measuring mitoPO(2) in vivo exists. Here we

  11. 17β Estradiol y su asociación con Rho Ctpasas en plasticidad neuronal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Cardona Gómez

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available La prevalencia de enfermedades neurodegenerativas den Colombia y particularmente en Antioquia, ha generado un interés colectivo en busca de estrategias que puedan modular blancos moleculares asociados a neuroprotección y supervivencia neuronal.

  12. Clasificación pronóstica de los tumores malignos de glándula parótida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan M. Maza-Solano

    2016-01-01

    Conclusiones: El índice de Vander Poorten es aplicable en áreas hospitalarias con escaso número de carcinomas de parótida. Permite establecer un pronóstico de supervivencia más certero sobre pacientes individuales.

  13. SFPM opinion on the so-called 'transit' in vivo dosimetry in external radiotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berger, Lucie; Dupuis, Pauline; Marchesi, Vincent; Boutry, Christine; Francois, Pascal; Crespin, Sylvain

    2014-01-01

    Written to the demand of the ASN to the SFPM (the French professional body in medical physics), this report states the opinion of these professionals regarding the use of the so-called 'transit' dosimetry for the control of the in vivo dose received during radiotherapy. After an overview of the use of in vivo dosimetry in medical practices, the authors outline the main benefits and drawbacks of point conventional detectors used for this dosimetry. They propose an overview of the state-of-the-art in transit in vivo dosimetry by briefly describing the different developed methodologies: the prediction-based methodology and the rear projection methodology. They also propose a literature review on transit in vivo dosimetry. Based on expert experience and on this review they give lists of technical benefits and drawbacks of techniques of in vivo dosimetry by EPID transit imagery. They finally indicate some commercially available technical solutions to transit in vivo dosimetry

  14. In vitro and in vivo study of commercial calcium phosphate cement HydroSet™.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kent, Niall W; Blunn, Gordon; Karpukhina, Natalia; Davis, Graham; de Godoy, Roberta Ferro; Wilson, Rory M; Coathup, Melanie; Onwordi, Lyris; Quak, Wen Yu; Hill, Robert

    2018-01-01

    The commercial calcium phosphate cement, HydroSet™, was investigated in vitro, studying phase formation, compressive strength and setting time, followed by an ovine in vivo study to measure osseointegration, bone apposition and bone-to-graft contact. The X-ray diffraction and 31 P Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) results showed the initial formation of octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite at one hour. Over 7 days the octacalcium phosphate transformed to apatite, which was the only crystalline phase of the cement at 28 days. This apatite phase is thought to be a calcium deficient apatite. In the scanning electron microscopy, histological images of 12-week ovine in vivo results showed a high degree of osseointegration, 92.5%. Compressive strength comparisons between in vitro and in vivo measurements showed a dramatic difference between the in vitro measurements (highest 25.4 MPa) and in vivo (95 MPa), attributed to bone ingrowth into the cement in vivo. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time phase evolution of HydroSet™ and the properties studied in vitro complement the in vivo evaluation of the cement in a publication. The significance of the new finding of initial formation of octacalcium phosphate in this cement is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 21-30, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  15. Construction of In Vivo Fluorescent Imaging of Echinococcus granulosus in a Mouse Model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Sibo; Yang, Tao; Zhang, Xuyong; Xia, Jie; Guo, Jun; Wang, Xiaoyi; Hou, Jixue; Zhang, Hongwei; Chen, Xueling; Wu, Xiangwei

    2016-06-01

    Human hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis, CE) is a chronic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. As the disease mainly affects the liver, approximately 70% of all identified CE cases are detected in this organ. Optical molecular imaging (OMI), a noninvasive imaging technique, has never been used in vivo with the specific molecular markers of CE. Thus, we aimed to construct an in vivo fluorescent imaging mouse model of CE to locate and quantify the presence of the parasites within the liver noninvasively. Drug-treated protoscolices were monitored after marking by JC-1 dye in in vitro and in vivo studies. This work describes for the first time the successful construction of an in vivo model of E. granulosus in a small living experimental animal to achieve dynamic monitoring and observation of multiple time points of the infection course. Using this model, we quantified and analyzed labeled protoscolices based on the intensities of their red and green fluorescence. Interestingly, the ratio of red to green fluorescence intensity not only revealed the location of protoscolices but also determined the viability of the parasites in vivo and in vivo tests. The noninvasive imaging model proposed in this work will be further studied for long-term detection and observation and may potentially be widely utilized in susceptibility testing and therapeutic effect evaluation.

  16. Advanced tools for in vivo skin analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cal, Krzysztof; Zakowiecki, Daniel; Stefanowska, Justyna

    2010-05-01

    A thorough examination of the skin is essential for accurate disease diagnostics, evaluation of the effectiveness of topically applied drugs and the assessment of the results of dermatologic surgeries such as skin grafts. Knowledge of skin parameters is also important in the cosmetics industry, where the effects of skin care products are evaluated. Due to significant progress in the electronics and computer industries, sophisticated analytic devices are increasingly available for day-to-day diagnostics. The aim of this article is to review several advanced methods for in vivo skin analysis in humans: magnetic resonance imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance, laser Doppler flowmetry and time domain reflectometry. The molecular bases of these techniques are presented, and several interesting applications in the field are discussed. Methods for in vivo assessment of the biomechanical properties of human skin are also reviewed.

  17. CÉLULAS MADRE: FUNDAMENTOS Y REVISIÓN DE LA EXPERIENCIA CLÍNICA EN ENFERMEDADES HEPÁTICAS

    OpenAIRE

    Dra. Daniela Fluxá; Dr. Guillermo Silva

    2017-01-01

    En la actualidad, el trasplante hepático es el único tratamiento curativo para enfermedades como la cirrosis en etapas avanzadas y falla hepática fulminante. Sin embargo, la escasez de donantes, su alto costo y la morbimortalidad asociada son limitaciones importantes de este procedimiento. A causa de lo anterior surge la idea de utilizar células madre como terapia alternativa al trasplante hepático. Numerosos tipos de células madre exhiben potencial para desarrollarse en hepatocitos viables: ...

  18. El recién nacido pretérmino extremadamente bajo peso al nacer: Un reto a la vida Preterm newborn with a very low birth weight: A life challenge

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanet García Fernández

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de conocer la supervivencia del recién nacido pretérmino extremadamente bajo peso, realizamos un estudio de 55 recién nacidos pretérmino extremadamente bajo peso ingresados en nuestro servicio entre enero de 1986 y diciembre de 2005. Se recolectaron los datos retrospectivamente a partir de los libros de registro del servicio y la maternidad. Se analizó el peso, el sexo y la enfermedad presentada y se llevaron a tablas las estadísticas, cuyo análisis se realizó mediante porcentajes. La supervivencia fue mayor a medida que el peso al nacer se incrementó. Las causas primarias de muerte fueron la enfermedad de la membrana hialina y la hemorragia intraventricular. El 57 % de los pacientes presentó enfermedades asociadas a la inmadurez.

  19. Effects of single injection of local anesthetic agents on intervertebral disc degeneration: ex vivo and long-term in vivo experimental study.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Koji Iwasaki

    Full Text Available Analgesic discography (discoblock can be used to diagnose or treat discogenic low back pain by injecting a small amount of local anesthetics. However, recent in vitro studies have revealed cytotoxic effects of local anesthetics on intervertebral disc (IVD cells. Here we aimed to investigate the deteriorative effects of lidocaine and bupivacaine on rabbit IVDs using an organotypic culture model and an in vivo long-term follow-up model.For the organotypic culture model, rabbit IVDs were harvested and cultured for 3 or 7 days after intradiscal injection of local anesthetics (1% lidocaine or 0.5% bupivacaine. Nucleus pulposus (NP cell death was measured using confocal microscopy. Histological and TUNEL assays were performed. For in vivo study, each local anesthetic was injected into rabbit lumbar IVDs under a fluoroscope. Six or 12 months after the injection, each IVD was prepared for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and histological analysis.In the organotypic culture model, both anesthetic agents induced time-dependent NP cell death; when compared with injected saline solution, significant effects were detected within 7 days. Compared with the saline group, TUNEL-positive NP cells were significantly increased in the bupivacaine group. In the in vivo study, MRI analysis did not show any significant difference. Histological analysis revealed that IVD degeneration occurred to a significantly level in the saline- and local anesthetics-injected groups compared with the untreated control or puncture-only groups. However, there was no significant difference between the saline and anesthetic agents groups.In the in vivo model using healthy IVDs, there was no strong evidence to suggest that discoblock with local anesthetics has the potential of inducing IVD degeneration other than the initial mechanical damage of the pressurized injection. Further studies should be performed to investigate the deteriorative effects of the local injection of analgesic agents

  20. Prototype to measure bracket debonding force in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jéssika Lagni Tonus

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Introduction: Material biodegradation that occurs in the mouth may interfere in the bonding strength between the bracket and the enamel, causing lower bond strength values in vivo, in comparison with in vitro studies. Objective: To develop a prototype to measure bracket debonding force in vivo and to evaluate, in vitro, the bond strength obtained with the prototype. Methods: A original plier (3M Unitek was modified by adding one strain gauge directly connected to its claw. An electronic circuit performed the reading of the strain gauge, and the software installed in a computer recorded the values of the bracket debonding force, in kgf. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the facial surface of 30 bovine incisors with adhesive materials. In Group 1 (n = 15, debonding was carried out with the prototype, while tensile bond strength testing was performed in Group 2 (n = 15. A universal testing machine was used for the second group. The adhesive remnant index (ARI was recorded. Results: According to Student’s t test (α = 0.05, Group 1 (2.96 MPa and Group 2 (3.08 MPa were not significantly different. ARI score of 3 was predominant in the two groups. Conclusion: The prototype proved to be reliable for obtaining in vivo bond strength values for orthodontic brackets.

  1. Prototype to measure bracket debonding force in vivo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tonus, Jéssika Lagni; Manfroi, Fernanda Borguetti; Borges, Gilberto Antonio; Grigolo, Eduardo Correa; Helegda, Sérgio; Spohr, Ana Maria

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Introduction: Material biodegradation that occurs in the mouth may interfere in the bonding strength between the bracket and the enamel, causing lower bond strength values in vivo, in comparison with in vitro studies. Objective: To develop a prototype to measure bracket debonding force in vivo and to evaluate, in vitro, the bond strength obtained with the prototype. Methods: A original plier (3M Unitek) was modified by adding one strain gauge directly connected to its claw. An electronic circuit performed the reading of the strain gauge, and the software installed in a computer recorded the values of the bracket debonding force, in kgf. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the facial surface of 30 bovine incisors with adhesive materials. In Group 1 (n = 15), debonding was carried out with the prototype, while tensile bond strength testing was performed in Group 2 (n = 15). A universal testing machine was used for the second group. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was recorded. Results: According to Student’s t test (α = 0.05), Group 1 (2.96 MPa) and Group 2 (3.08 MPa) were not significantly different. ARI score of 3 was predominant in the two groups. Conclusion: The prototype proved to be reliable for obtaining in vivo bond strength values for orthodontic brackets. PMID:28444011

  2. Chromosome aberrations in monkey lymphocytes irradiated in vitro and in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ziemba-Zak, B.

    1976-01-01

    The relationship between the X-ray dose and yield of dicentrics plus centric rings in monkey lymphocytes in vitro was studied. Frequency of these aberrations at different periods after in vivo exposure was also studied. No statistically significant differences were found between the yield of dicentrics plus centric rings obtained by in vitro and in vivo (up to 7 days) after irradiation. (author)

  3. Lipidots: competitive organic alternative to quantum dots for in vivo fluorescence imaging

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gravier, Julien; Navarro, Fabrice P.; Delmas, Thomas; Mittler, Frédérique; Couffin, Anne-Claude; Vinet, Françoise; Texier, Isabelle

    2011-09-01

    The use of fluorescent nanostructures can bring several benefits on the signal to background ratio for in vitro microscopy, in vivo small animal imaging, and image-guided surgery. Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) display outstanding optical properties, with high brightness and low photobleaching rate. However, because of their toxic element core composition and their potential long term retention in reticulo-endothelial organs such as liver, their in vivo human applications seem compromised. The development of new dye-loaded (DiO, DiI, DiD, DiR, and Indocyanine Green (ICG)) lipid nanoparticles for fluorescence imaging (lipidots) is described here. Lipidot optical properties quantitatively compete with those of commercial QDs (QTracker®705). Multichannel in vivo imaging of lymph nodes in mice is demonstrated for doses as low as 2 pmols of particles. Along with their optical properties, fluorescent lipidots display very low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 75 nM), which make them suitable tools for in vitro, and especially in vivo, fluorescence imaging applications.

  4. In vivo SPECT reporter gene imaging of regulatory T cells.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh

    Full Text Available Regulatory T cells (Tregs were identified several years ago and are key in controlling autoimmune diseases and limiting immune responses to foreign antigens, including alloantigens. In vivo imaging techniques including intravital microscopy as well as whole body imaging using bioluminescence probes have contributed to the understanding of in vivo Treg function, their mechanisms of action and target cells. Imaging of the human sodium/iodide symporter via Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT has been used to image various cell types in vivo. It has several advantages over the aforementioned imaging techniques including high sensitivity, it allows non-invasive whole body studies of viable cell migration and localisation of cells over time and lastly it may offer the possibility to be translated to the clinic. This study addresses whether SPECT/CT imaging can be used to visualise the migratory pattern of Tregs in vivo. Treg lines derived from CD4(+CD25(+FoxP3(+ cells were retrovirally transduced with a construct encoding for the human Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS and the fluorescent protein mCherry and stimulated with autologous DCs. NIS expressing self-specific Tregs were specifically radiolabelled in vitro with Technetium-99m pertechnetate ((99mTcO(4(- and exposure of these cells to radioactivity did not affect cell viability, phenotype or function. In addition adoptively transferred Treg-NIS cells were imaged in vivo in C57BL/6 (BL/6 mice by SPECT/CT using (99mTcO(4(-. After 24 hours NIS expressing Tregs were observed in the spleen and their localisation was further confirmed by organ biodistribution studies and flow cytometry analysis. The data presented here suggests that SPECT/CT imaging can be utilised in preclinical imaging studies of adoptively transferred Tregs without affecting Treg function and viability thereby allowing longitudinal studies within disease models.

  5. Mutant IDH1 Promotes Glioma Formation In Vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatrice Philip

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Summary: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1 is the most commonly mutated gene in grade II–III glioma and secondary glioblastoma (GBM. A causal role for IDH1R132H in gliomagenesis has been proposed, but functional validation in vivo has not been demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the role of IDH1R132H in glioma development in the context of clinically relevant cooperating genetic alterations in vitro and in vivo. Immortal astrocytes expressing IDH1R132H exhibited elevated (R-2-hydroxyglutarate levels, reduced NADPH, increased proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth. Although not sufficient on its own, IDH1R132H cooperated with PDGFA and loss of Cdkn2a, Atrx, and Pten to promote glioma development in vivo. These tumors resembled proneural human mutant IDH1 GBM genetically, histologically, and functionally. Our findings support the hypothesis that IDH1R132H promotes glioma development. This model enhances our understanding of the biology of IDH1R132H-driven gliomas and facilitates testing of therapeutic strategies designed to combat this deadly disease. : Philip et al. show that mutant IDH1 cooperates with PDGFA and loss of Cdkn2a, Atrx, and Pten to promote gliomagenesis in vivo in a mouse model of glioma. These tumors resemble proneural human mutant IDH1 glioblastoma and exhibit enhanced sensitivity to PARP inhibition in combination with chemotherapy. Keywords: IDH1, Cdkn2a, Atrx, Pten, glioma, mouse model, RCAS/TVA

  6. Nanomaterials for In Vivo Imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Bryan Ronain; Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam

    2017-02-08

    In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal nanomaterials (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.

  7. Comprehensive Antiretroviral Restriction Factor Profiling Reveals the Evolutionary Imprint of the ex Vivo and in Vivo IFN-β Response in HTLV-1-Associated Neuroinflammation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio E. Leal

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP is a progressive neuroinflammatory disorder for which no disease-modifying treatment exists. Modest clinical benefit from type I interferons (IFN-α/β in HAM/TSP contrasts with its recently identified IFN-inducible gene signature. In addition, IFN-α treatment in vivo decreases proviral load and immune activation in HAM/TSP, whereas IFN-β therapy decreases tax mRNA and lymphoproliferation. We hypothesize this “IFN paradox” in HAM/TSP might be explained by both cell type- and gene-specific effects of type I IFN in HTLV-1-associated pathogenesis. Therefore, we analyzed ex vivo transcriptomes of CD4+ T cells, PBMCs and whole blood in healthy controls, HTLV-1-infected individuals, and HAM/TSP patients. First, we used a targeted approach, simultaneously quantifying HTLV-1 mRNA (HBZ, Tax, proviral load and 42 host genes with known antiretroviral (anti-HIV activity in purified CD4+ T cells. This revealed two major clusters (“antiviral/protective” vs. “proviral/deleterious”, as evidenced by significant negative (TRIM5/TRIM22/BST2 vs. positive correlation (ISG15/PAF1/CDKN1A with HTLV-1 viral markers and clinical status. Surprisingly, we found a significant inversion of antiretroviral activity of host restriction factors, as evidenced by opposite correlation to in vivo HIV-1 vs. HTLV-1 RNA levels. The anti-HTLV-1 effect of antiviral cluster genes was significantly correlated to their adaptive chimp/human evolution score, for both Tax mRNA and PVL. Six genes of the proposed antiviral cluster underwent lentivirus-driven purifying selection during primate evolution (TRIM5/TRIM22/BST2/APOBEC3F-G-H, underscoring the cross-retroviral evolutionary imprint. Secondly, we examined the genome-wide type I IFN response in HAM/TSP patients, following short-term ex vivo culture of PBMCs with either IFN-α or IFN-β. Microarray analysis evidenced 12 antiretroviral genes (including TRIM5α/TRIM22/BST2 were significantly

  8. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo characterization of ibrutinib: a potent inhibitor of the efflux function of the transporter MRP1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Hui; Patel, Atish; Ma, Shao-Lin; Li, Xiao Jie; Zhang, Yun-Kai; Yang, Pei-Qi; Kathawala, Rishil J; Wang, Yi-Jun; Anreddy, Nagaraju; Fu, Li-Wu; Chen, Zhe-Sheng

    2014-01-01

    Background and Purpose The transporter, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1), plays a critical role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Ibrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Here we investigated the reversal effect of ibrutinib on MRP1-mediated MDR. Experimental Approach Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The expression of protein was detected by Western blot. RT-PCR and Q-PCR were performed to detect the expression of MRP1 mRNA. The intracellular accumulation and efflux of substrates for MRP1 were measured by scintillation counter and flow cytometry. HEK293/MRP1 cell xenografts in nude mice were established to study the effects of ibrutinib in vivo. Key Results Ibrutinib significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of MRP1 substrates in HEK293/MRP1 and HL60/Adr cells overexpressing MRP1. Furthermore, ibrutinib increased the accumulation of substrates in these MRP1-overexpressing cells by inhibiting the drug efflux function of MRP1. However, mRNA and protein expression of MRP1 remained unaltered after treatment with ibrutinib in MRP1-overexpressing cells. In vivo, ibrutinib enhanced the efficacy of vincristine to inhibit the growth of HEK293/MRP1 tumour xenografts in nude mice. Importantly, ibrutinib also enhances the cytotoxicity of vincristine in primary cultures of leukaemia blasts, derived from patients. Conclusions and Implications Our results indicated that ibrutinib significantly increased the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents which were MRP1 substrates, in MRP1-overexpressing cells, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. These findings will lead to further studies on the effects of a combination of ibrutinib with chemotherapeutic agents in cancer patients overexpressing MRP1. PMID:25164592

  9. Fluorescence based molecular in vivo imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ebert, Bernd

    2008-01-01

    Molecular imaging represents a modern research area that allows the in vivo study of molecular biological process kinetics using appropriate probes and visualization methods. This methodology may be defined- apart from the contrast media injection - as non-abrasive. In order to reach an in vivo molecular process imaging as accurate as possible the effects of the used probes on the biological should not be too large. The contrast media as important part of the molecular imaging can significantly contribute to the understanding of molecular processes and to the development of tailored diagnostics and therapy. Since more than 15 years PTB is developing optic imaging systems that may be used for fluorescence based visualization of tissue phantoms, small animal models and the localization of tumors and their predecessors, and for the early recognition of inflammatory processes in clinical trials. Cellular changes occur during many diseases, thus the molecular imaging might be of importance for the early diagnosis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Fluorescent dyes can be used as unspecific or also as specific contrast media, which allow enhanced detection sensitivity

  10. Sorbitol increases muscle glucose uptake ex vivo and inhibits intestinal glucose absorption ex vivo and in normal and type 2 diabetic rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chukwuma, Chika Ifeanyi; Islam, Md Shahidul

    2017-04-01

    Previous studies have suggested that sorbitol, a known polyol sweetener, possesses glycemic control potentials. However, the effect of sorbitol on intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake still remains elusive. The present study investigated the effects of sorbitol on intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake as possible anti-hyperglycemic or glycemic control potentials using ex vivo and in vivo experimental models. Sorbitol (2.5% to 20%) inhibited glucose absorption in isolated rat jejuna (IC 50 = 14.6% ± 4.6%) and increased glucose uptake in isolated rat psoas muscle with (GU 50 = 3.5% ± 1.6%) or without insulin (GU 50 = 7.0% ± 0.5%) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, sorbitol significantly delayed gastric emptying, accelerated digesta transit, inhibited intestinal glucose absorption, and reduced blood glucose increase in both normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic rats after 1 h of coingestion with glucose. Data of this study suggest that sorbitol exhibited anti-hyperglycemic potentials, possibly via increasing muscle glucose uptake ex vivo and reducing intestinal glucose absorption in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. Hence, sorbitol may be further investigated as a possible anti-hyperglycemic sweetener.

  11. A dynamic real time in vivo and static ex vivo analysis of granulomonocytic cell migration in the collagen-induced arthritis model.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruth Byrne

    Full Text Available Neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes (granulomonocytic cells; GMC drive the inflammatory process at the earliest stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA. The migratory behavior and functional properties of GMC within the synovial tissue are, however, only incompletely characterized. Here we have analyzed GMC in the murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA model of RA using multi-photon real time in vivo microscopy together with ex vivo analysis of GMC in tissue sections.GMC were abundant as soon as clinical arthritis was apparent. GMC were motile and migrated randomly through the synovial tissue. In addition, we observed the frequent formation of cell clusters consisting of both neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes that actively contributed to the inflammatory process of arthritis. Treatment of animals with a single dose of prednisolone reduced the mean velocity of cell migration and diminished the overall immigration of GMC.In summary, our study shows that the combined application of real time in vivo microscopy together with elaborate static post-mortem analysis of GMC enables the description of dynamic migratory characteristics of GMC together with their precise location in a complex anatomical environment. Moreover, this approach is sensitive enough to detect subtle therapeutic effects within a very short period of time.

  12. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shang, Hong-Mei; Zhou, Hai-Zhu; Yang, Jun-Yan; Li, Ran; Song, Hui; Wu, Hong-Xin

    2018-01-01

    This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the antioxidant activities of inulin, including the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and ferric reducing power, were weak and significantly lower than those of Vitamin C (P inulin on the antioxidant status of laying hens was evaluated with in vivo antioxidant assays. The results indicated that inulin supplementation quadratically improved the egg production rate of the laying hens (P inulin levels increased (P inulin levels increased (P inulin has the potential to improve the antioxidant status of laying hens.

  13. In vivo radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Taghian, Alphonse; Freeman, Jill; Suit, Herman; DuBois, Willem; Budach, Wilfried; Baumann, Michael

    1995-01-01

    Purpose: Human glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most resistant tumors to radiation. In previous reports, we have demonstrated a wide range of radiation sensitivity of GBM in vitro; that is, SF 2 values of 0.2 to 0.8. The great sensitivity of some of the cell lines is not in accord with the almost invariably fatal clinical outcome of patients with GBM. The sensitivity of cells in vitro pertains to cells cultured in optimal nutritional conditions. The TCD 50 (the radiation dose necessary to control 50% of the tumors locally) determined in lab animals is analogous to the use of radiation with curative intent in clinical radiation oncology. The aim of the present study was (a) to evaluate the sensitivity of GBM in vivo relative to that of other tumor types and (b) assess the relationship between the single dose TCD 50 of the xenografts and the sensitivity of the corresponding cell lines in vitro. Methods and Materials: The TCD 50 assay was used to study twelve human tumor lines. Four previously published values were added. A total of 10 GBM, 4 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 1 soft tissue sarcoma (STS), and 1 cancer colon (CC) are included in the analysis. For further suppression of the residual immune system, all the animals received 6 Gy whole-body irradiation 1 day before transplantation. Local tumor irradiations were given as a single dose, under conditions of clamp hypoxia using a Cs irradiator. Results: The TCD 50 values for the 10 GBM xenografts varied between 32.5 and 75.2 Gy, with an average of 47.2 ± 13.1 Gy. The TCD 50 values for the SCC were similar to those of the GBM and ranged from 40.7 and 54.4 Gy, with a mean of 46.8 ± 6.4. The difference between the average TCD 50 of GBM and SCC was not significant. The STS and CC xenografts had TCD 50 values of 46.0 and 49.2 Gy, respectively. No correlation was found between the TCD 50 in vivo and the SF 2 or D 0 in vitro. Conclusions: Our data on GBM xenografts showed a wide range of sensitivities to single dose

  14. In vivo radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Taghian, Alphonse; Freeman, Jill; Suit, Herman; DuBois, Willem; Budach, Wilfried; Baumann, Michael

    1995-04-30

    Purpose: Human glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most resistant tumors to radiation. In previous reports, we have demonstrated a wide range of radiation sensitivity of GBM in vitro; that is, SF{sub 2} values of 0.2 to 0.8. The great sensitivity of some of the cell lines is not in accord with the almost invariably fatal clinical outcome of patients with GBM. The sensitivity of cells in vitro pertains to cells cultured in optimal nutritional conditions. The TCD{sub 50} (the radiation dose necessary to control 50% of the tumors locally) determined in lab animals is analogous to the use of radiation with curative intent in clinical radiation oncology. The aim of the present study was (a) to evaluate the sensitivity of GBM in vivo relative to that of other tumor types and (b) assess the relationship between the single dose TCD{sub 50} of the xenografts and the sensitivity of the corresponding cell lines in vitro. Methods and Materials: The TCD{sub 50} assay was used to study twelve human tumor lines. Four previously published values were added. A total of 10 GBM, 4 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 1 soft tissue sarcoma (STS), and 1 cancer colon (CC) are included in the analysis. For further suppression of the residual immune system, all the animals received 6 Gy whole-body irradiation 1 day before transplantation. Local tumor irradiations were given as a single dose, under conditions of clamp hypoxia using a Cs irradiator. Results: The TCD{sub 50} values for the 10 GBM xenografts varied between 32.5 and 75.2 Gy, with an average of 47.2 {+-} 13.1 Gy. The TCD{sub 50} values for the SCC were similar to those of the GBM and ranged from 40.7 and 54.4 Gy, with a mean of 46.8 {+-} 6.4. The difference between the average TCD{sub 50} of GBM and SCC was not significant. The STS and CC xenografts had TCD{sub 50} values of 46.0 and 49.2 Gy, respectively. No correlation was found between the TCD{sub 50} in vivo and the SF{sub 2} or D{sub 0} in vitro. Conclusions: Our data on GBM

  15. In vivo measurement of urethral dose profiles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toye, W.C.; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology,; Duchesne, G.M.; Das, K.R.; Cee, A.; Mameghan, H.; Johnston, P.N.

    2001-01-01

    Full text: Quality assurance becomes a critical requirement when radiographs are routinely used in planning of treatments. In HDR prostate brachytherapy, the surrounding organs at risk of complications are the bladder and the rectum. However, of particular concern is the urethra that runs centrally through the prostate gland, as an unavoidably high dose can occur in the central region in order to achieve a minimum peripheral dose to a small target volume. Although high urethral doses have previously been related to increased urinary symptoms, some recent studies have not found such a correlation. The aim of this study was firstly, to identify dosimetric indicators of urethral morbidity following HDR prostate brachytherapy (4F x of 5.0 Gy), and secondly, to test the validity of calculated dose values. The in vivo measurements utilised a TLD (LiF:Mg,Ti) train formed by loading eight TLD rods alternating with 1,0 cm brass spacers into a fine plastic flexible tube. The length and diameter of plastic tubing was approximately 45cm and 0.15cm respectively, while the train length was 11.8 cm from the tip of the tube. The TLD train was placed into the central lumen of an 18 F three-way urethral catheter prior to its insertion. Significant urinary morbidity was defined prospectively as a score of a total of 3 or more points for severity from 5 symptoms categories. The five symptoms evaluated were hesitancy, frequency/nocturia, dysuria, haematuria and incontinence. The introduction of in vivo measurements to enhance the existing dosimetric analysis may be required to fully test the quantitative relationships (e.g. dose-volume ratios). Placement of TLDs within the urethra results in measurements whose accuracy is unaffected by internal organ motion as the hollow urethra must move with the prostate. The dose recorded by the TLDs is determined independently of the predictive algorithm used by the treatment planning system, and prostate location errors (e.g. due to image

  16. Vision and Task Assistance using Modular Wireless In Vivo Surgical Robots

    Science.gov (United States)

    Platt, Stephen R.; Hawks, Jeff A.; Rentschler, Mark E.

    2009-01-01

    Minimally invasive abdominal surgery (laparoscopy) results in superior patient outcomes compared to conventional open surgery. However, the difficulty of manipulating traditional laparoscopic tools from outside the body of the patient generally limits these benefits to patients undergoing relatively low complexity procedures. The use of tools that fit entirely inside the peritoneal cavity represents a novel approach to laparoscopic surgery. Our previous work demonstrated that miniature mobile and fixed-based in vivo robots using tethers for power and data transmission can successfully operate within the abdominal cavity. This paper describes the development of a modular wireless mobile platform for in vivo sensing and manipulation applications. Design details and results of ex vivo and in vivo tests of robots with biopsy grasper, staple/clamp, video, and physiological sensor payloads are presented. These types of self-contained surgical devices are significantly more transportable and lower in cost than current robotic surgical assistants. They could ultimately be carried and deployed by non-medical personnel at the site of an injury to allow a remotely located surgeon to provide critical first response medical intervention irrespective of the location of the patient. PMID:19237337

  17. Techniques and Applications of in vivo Diffusion Imaging of Articular Cartilage

    Science.gov (United States)

    Raya, José G.

    2014-01-01

    Early in the process of osteoarthritis (OA) the composition (water, proteoglycan [PG], and collagen) and structure of articular cartilage is altered leading to changes in its mechanical properties. A technique that can assess the composition and structure of the cartilage in vivo can provide insight in the mechanical integrity of articular cartilage and become a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of OA. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been proposed as a biomarker for cartilage composition and structure. DTI is sensitive to the PG content through the mean diffusivity (MD) and to the collagen architecture through the fractional anisotropy (FA). However, the acquisition of DTI of articular cartilage in vivo is challenging due to the short T2 of articular cartilage (~40 ms at 3 T) and the high resolution needed (0.5–0.7 mm in plane) to depict the cartilage anatomy. We describe the pulse sequences used for in vivo DTI of articular cartilage and discus general strategies for protocol optimization. We provide a comprehensive review of measurements of DTI of articular cartilage from ex vivo validation experiments to its recent clinical applications. PMID:25865215

  18. Vision and task assistance using modular wireless in vivo surgical robots.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Platt, Stephen R; Hawks, Jeff A; Rentschler, Mark E

    2009-06-01

    Minimally invasive abdominal surgery (laparoscopy) results in superior patient outcomes compared to conventional open surgery. However, the difficulty of manipulating traditional laparoscopic tools from outside the body of the patient generally limits these benefits to patients undergoing relatively low complexity procedures. The use of tools that fit entirely inside the peritoneal cavity represents a novel approach to laparoscopic surgery. Our previous work demonstrated that miniature mobile and fixed-based in vivo robots using tethers for power and data transmission can successfully operate within the abdominal cavity. This paper describes the development of a modular wireless mobile platform for in vivo sensing and manipulation applications. Design details and results of ex vivo and in vivo tests of robots with biopsy grasper, staple/clamp, video, and physiological sensor payloads are presented. These types of self-contained surgical devices are significantly more transportable and lower in cost than current robotic surgical assistants. They could ultimately be carried and deployed by nonmedical personnel at the site of an injury to allow a remotely located surgeon to provide critical first response medical intervention irrespective of the location of the patient.

  19. In vivo dosimetric impact of breast tissue expanders on post-mastectomy radiotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gee, Harriet E.; Bignell, Fiona; Odgers, David; Gill, Simran; Martin, Darren; Toohey, Joanne; Carroll, Susan

    2016-01-01

    Temporary tissue expanders with metallic ports for gradual saline injection are increasingly employed to facilitate breast reconstruction after post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Treatment beams therefore pass through a high-density rare-earth magnet. Measurements ex vivo suggest attenuation of dose to the skin and chest wall at clinical risk of relapse. The purpose of the study was to quantify the resulting dose reduction in vivo, compared with treatment planning system (TPS). Sixteen patients receiving PMRT had in vivo dosimetry prospectively performed with ethics board approval. Port was located within the expanded chest wall using the planning CT scan. Strips of radiochromic film were laid on the skin surface underneath the bolus. To aid interpretation, ex vivo measurements were also performed, including comparison with TPS predictions. An average 7% reduction in dose to skin surface was measured in 15 of 16 patients. This was reproducibly located in the ‘shadow’ of the magnet, corresponding to each of the paths of the medial and lateral tangents. The average area was 1.07 cm2 (range 0.39 cm2 to 2.36 cm2). Ex vivo measurements confirmed attenuation of the beam in the shadow of the port. The surface area of the ‘cold-spot’ varied with angle of the beam relative to the metallic port. Dose attenuation in vivo differed from that predicted by the TPS. Dose is attenuated in the ‘shadow’ of the tissue expander port in patients receiving PMRT. This is likely to be clinically insignificant for most, but centres should undertake appropriate measurements before utilising TPS predictions.

  20. In vivo imaging of hydrogen peroxide with HyPer probes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bilan, Dmitry; Belousov, Vsevolod

    2018-03-22

    Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key signaling molecule involved in the regulation of both physiological and pathological cellular processes. Genetically encoded HyPer probes are currently among the most effective approaches for monitoring H2O2 dynamics in various biological systems because they can be easily targeted to specific cells and organelles. Since its development in 2006, HyPer has proved to be a robust and powerful tool in redox biology research. Recent Advances: HyPer probes were used in a variety of models to study the role of H2O2 in various redox process. HyPer has been increasingly used in the last few years for in vivo studies, which has already led to many important discoveries, for example, that H2O2 plays a key role in the regulation of signaling cascades involved in development and aging, inflammation, regeneration, photosynthetic signaling, and other biological processes. In this review, we focus on the main achievements in the field of redox biology that have been obtained from in vivo experiments using HyPer probes. Further in vivo studies of the role of H2O2 largely depend on the development of more suitable versions of HyPer for in vivo models: those having brighter fluorescence and a more stable signal in response to physiological changes in pH.

  1. Optimization of in-vivo monitoring program for radiation emergency response

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ha, Wi Ho; Kim, Jong Kyung [Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-12-15

    In case of radiation emergencies, internal exposure monitoring for the members of public will be required to confirm internal contamination of each individual. In-vivo monitoring technique using portable gamma spectrometer can be easily applied for internal exposure monitoring in the vicinity of the on-site area. In this study, minimum detectable doses (MDDs) for '1'3'4Cs, {sup 137}Cs, and {sup 131}I were calculated adjusting minimum detectable activities (MDAs) from 50 to 1,000 Bq to find out the optimal in-vivo counting condition. DCAL software was used to derive retention fraction of Cs and I isotopes in the whole body and thyroid, respectively. A minimum detectable level was determined to set committed effective dose of 0.1 mSv for emergency response. We found that MDDs at each MDA increased along with the elapsed time. 1,000 Bq for {sup 134}Cs and {sup 137}Cs, and 100 Bq for {sup 131}I were suggested as optimal MDAs to provide in-vivo monitoring service in case of radiation emergencies. In-vivo monitoring program for emergency response should be designed to achieve the optimal MDA suggested from the present work. We expect that a reduction of counting time compared with routine monitoring program can achieve the high throughput system in case of radiation emergencies.

  2. Smartphone confocal microscopy for imaging cellular structures in human skin in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Freeman, Esther E; Semeere, Aggrey; Osman, Hany; Peterson, Gary; Rajadhyaksha, Milind; González, Salvador; Martin, Jeffery N; Anderson, R Rox; Tearney, Guillermo J; Kang, Dongkyun

    2018-04-01

    We report development of a low-cost smartphone confocal microscope and its first demonstration of in vivo human skin imaging. The smartphone confocal microscope uses a slit aperture and diffraction grating to conduct two-dimensional confocal imaging without using any beam scanning devices. Lateral and axial resolutions of the smartphone confocal microscope were measured as 2 and 5 µm, respectively. In vivo confocal images of human skin revealed characteristic cellular structures, including spinous and basal keratinocytes and papillary dermis. Results suggest that the smartphone confocal microscope has a potential to examine cellular details in vivo and may help disease diagnosis in resource-poor settings, where conducting standard histopathologic analysis is challenging.

  3. Therapeutical radiopharmaceuticals based In vivo generator system [166 Dy] Dy/166 Ho

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferro F, G.; Garcia S, L.; Monroy G, F.; Tendilla, J.I.; Pedraza L, M.; Murphy, C.A. de

    2002-01-01

    At the idea to administer to a patient a molecule containing in it structure a father radionuclide, with a half life enough large which allows to the radiolabelled molecule to take up position specifically in a white tissue and decaying In vivo to the daughter radionuclide with properties potentially therapeutic, it is known as In vivo generator system. In this work the preparation and the preliminary dosimetric valuations of radiopharmaceuticals based In vivo generator system 166 Dy Dy/ 166 Ho for applications in radioimmunotherapy, in the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis and in the bone marrow ablation (m.o.) for candidates patients to bone marrow transplant are presented. (Author)

  4. In vivo and in vitro assessment of an intraoral dental colorimeter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karaagaclioglu, Lale; Terzioglu, Hakan; Yilmaz, Burak; Yurdukoru, Bengul

    2010-06-01

    The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of an intraoral dental colorimeter. In vivo repeatability of an intraoral colorimeter was assessed by performing color measurements of 30 individuals' right maxillary central incisor. Three consecutive measurements from each individual were made. In the in vitro part of the study, 25 metal-ceramic and 25 all-ceramic specimens were prepared. Five shades of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic specimens were selected for color determination. A widely recognized in vitro colorimeter was used as the control group for the in vitro performance assessment of the in vivo colorimeter. The color differentiation capability of two colorimeters was compared with the readings obtained from ceramic specimens. DeltaE values between shade groups of ceramic specimens were calculated and statistically analyzed with Student's t-test. The repeatability of the intraoral instrument was evaluated statistically with Intraclass correlation coefficient. The in vivo evaluation results showed that the overall repeatability coefficient values of L*, a*, and b* notations of the intraoral colorimeter were "excellent." The color differences (DeltaE) calculated between the colorimeters were significant only between shades A(1)-B(1) for metal-ceramic specimens (p= 0.002); however, from 5 of 10 shade couples of all-ceramic specimens, the color differences obtained from the readings of the in vivo colorimeter were significantly different from that of the in vitro colorimeter (p colorimeter exhibited successful in vivo repeatability; however, the color difference detection performance of the device varied depending on the translucency of the specimens.

  5. Evaluation of F-18-labelled dopamine tracers using in vivo microdialysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    DeJesus, O.T.; Solin, O.; Haaparanta, M.; Chen, Chenan; Murali, D.; Sunderland, J.J.; Nickles, R.J.

    1990-01-01

    In vivo microdialysis involves the stereotaxic placement of small dialysis probes in one or more areas in a living brain which allows sampling the extracellular space. The authors have used in vivo microdialysis in the evaluation of presynaptic dopamine tracers in rat brains. Results of the study show that metabolite distribution seen in the plasma is different from that in the striatal extracellular space

  6. In-vivo imaging of retinal nerve fiber layer vasculature: imaging – histology comparison

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Libby Richard T

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Although it has been suggested that alterations of nerve fiber layer vasculature may be involved in the etiology of eye diseases, including glaucoma, it has not been possible to examine this vasculature in-vivo. This report describes a novel imaging method, fluorescence adaptive optics (FAO scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO, that makes possible for the first time in-vivo imaging of this vasculature in the living macaque, comparing in-vivo and ex-vivo imaging of this vascular bed. Methods We injected sodium fluorescein intravenously in two macaque monkeys while imaging the retina with an FAO-SLO. An argon laser provided the 488 nm excitation source for fluorescence imaging. Reflectance images, obtained simultaneously with near infrared light, permitted precise surface registration of individual frames of the fluorescence imaging. In-vivo imaging was then compared to ex-vivo confocal microscopy of the same tissue. Results Superficial focus (innermost retina at all depths within the NFL revealed a vasculature with extremely long capillaries, thin walls, little variation in caliber and parallel-linked structure oriented parallel to the NFL axons, typical of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs. However, at a deeper focus beneath the NFL, (toward outer retina the polygonal pattern typical of the ganglion cell layer (inner and outer retinal vasculature was seen. These distinguishing patterns were also seen on histological examination of the same retinas. Furthermore, the thickness of the RPC beds and the caliber of individual RPCs determined by imaging closely matched that measured in histological sections. Conclusion This robust method demonstrates in-vivo, high-resolution, confocal imaging of the vasculature through the full thickness of the NFL in the living macaque, in precise agreement with histology. FAO provides a new tool to examine possible primary or secondary role of the nerve fiber layer vasculature in retinal

  7. Immunomodulatory effect of Moringa peregrina leaves, ex vivo and in vivo study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Oran, Sawsan Atallah; Hassuneh, Mona Rushdie; Al-Qaralleh, Haitham Naief; Rayyan, Walid Abu; Al-Thunibat, Osama Yosef; Mallah, Eyad; Abu-Rayyan, Ahmed; Salem, Shadi

    2017-01-01

    This study was conducted to assess the in vivo and ex vivo immunomodulatory effect of the ethanol leaves extract of Moringa peregrina in Balb/c mice. For this study, five groups of 5 Balb/c mice were given a single acute subtoxic oral dose of the ethanolic extract at 1.13, 11.30, 23.40 and 113.4 mg/kg and the immunomodulatory effect was assessed on the 6th day following the ingestion. In the (non-functional) assessment, the effect of the extract on the body weight, relative lymphoid organ weight, splenic cellularity and peripheral blood hematologic parameters were evaluated. While in the immunomodulation assessment (functional), we investigated the effect of the extract on the proliferative capacity of splenic lymphocytes and peripheral T and B lymphocytes using mitogen blastogenesis, mixed allogeneic MLR and IgM-Plaque forming cells assays. The ingestion of M. peregrina extract caused a significant increase in the body weight, weight and number of cells of spleen and lymph nodes of the treated mice. Furthermore, the count of RBCs, WBCs, platelets, hemoglobin concentration and PCV % were increased by the extract treatment in a dose-dependent manner. M. peregrina enhanced the proliferative responses of splenic lymphocytes for both T cell and B-cell mitogens. Likewise, the mixed lymphocyte reaction MLR assay has revealed a T-cell dependent proliferation enhancement in the extract treated mice. Moreover, the oral administration of M. peregrina leaves extracts significantly increased PFCs/106 splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, subtoxic acute doses of M. peregrina extract demonstrated significant potential as an immunomodulatory agent even at the lowest dose of 1.13 mg/kg. PMID:29204086

  8. Phasic spike patterning in rat supraoptic neurones in vivo and in vitro

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sabatier, Nancy; Brown, Colin H; Ludwig, Mike; Leng, Gareth

    2004-01-01

    In vivo, most vasopressin cells of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus fire action potentials in a ‘phasic’ pattern when the systemic osmotic pressure is elevated, while most oxytocin cells fire continuously. The phasic firing pattern is believed to arise as a consequence of intrinsic activity-dependent changes in membrane potential, and these have been extensively studied in vitro. Here we analysed the discharge patterning of supraoptic nucleus neurones in vivo, to infer the characteristics of the post-spike sequence of hyperpolarization and depolarization from the observed spike patterning. We then compared patterning in phasic cells in vivo and in vitro, and we found systematic differences in the interspike interval distributions, and in other statistical parameters that characterized activity patterns within bursts. Analysis of hazard functions (probability of spike initiation as a function of time since the preceding spike) revealed that phasic firing in vitro appears consistent with a regenerative process arising from a relatively slow, late depolarizing afterpotential that approaches or exceeds spike threshold. By contrast, in vivo activity appears to be dominated by stochastic rather than deterministic mechanisms, and appears consistent with a relatively early and fast depolarizing afterpotential that modulates the probability that random synaptic input exceeds spike threshold. Despite superficial similarities in the phasic firing patterns observed in vivo and in vitro, there are thus fundamental differences in the underlying mechanisms. PMID:15146047

  9. High molecular weight DNA assembly in vivo for synthetic biology applications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Juhas, Mario; Ajioka, James W

    2017-05-01

    DNA assembly is the key technology of the emerging interdisciplinary field of synthetic biology. While the assembly of smaller DNA fragments is usually performed in vitro, high molecular weight DNA molecules are assembled in vivo via homologous recombination in the host cell. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are the main hosts used for DNA assembly in vivo. Progress in DNA assembly over the last few years has paved the way for the construction of whole genomes. This review provides an update on recent synthetic biology advances with particular emphasis on high molecular weight DNA assembly in vivo in E. coli, B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae. Special attention is paid to the assembly of whole genomes, such as those of the first synthetic cell, synthetic yeast and minimal genomes.

  10. Diode In-vivo Dosimetry for External Beam Radiotherapy: Patient Data Analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mrcela, I.; Bokulic, T.; Budanec, M; Froebe, A.; Soldic, Z.; Kusic, Z.

    2008-01-01

    In-vivo dosimetry is known as simple and reliable method for checking the final accuracy of the dose delivered in external radiotherapy making a supplement to the regular quality control. Entrance dose measurements in the beginning of the treatment assure detection of major errors that can affect the therapy outcome. Silicon diodes are often the detectors of choice for their ability of real time dose measurements and the simplicity of use. There are many publications describing the procedures for the implementation of in-vivo dosimetry. Routine in-vivo dosimetry has been introduced in our department after initial procedures including physical characterization, calibration and determination of correction factors for the detectors in use. This work presents patient data analysis with more than 700 field measurements taken in last 2 years period

  11. Biological evaluation of dental materials, in vitro and in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kawahara, H.

    1982-01-01

    In this paper, the correlation between the user of tissue culture for in vitro tests and the tissue irritability and pupal response observed in in vitro tests, will be discussed. It would produce confusion if dental materials were standardised with the unreliable parameter of the living system in dynamic balance. Biological tests, both in vitro and in vivo, should be used for pre-standards testing, without any political control to establish physicochemical standards. As a first step, corrosion tests and the dissolution dosje of toxic components from the material in the tissue culture medium and/or artificial salvia should be standardised under conditions simulating the oral environment. The CNC method and photo-pattern analysis are used for the interpretation of cytotoxicity. The need for biological testing, both in vitro and in vivo, definitely exists in order to obtain physicochemical standards, with a biological simulation depending upon the feedback obtained from the results of in vitro and in vivo tests

  12. Cylindromatosis mediates neuronal cell death in vitro and in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ganjam, Goutham K; Terpolilli, Nicole Angela; Diemert, Sebastian; Eisenbach, Ina; Hoffmann, Lena; Reuther, Christina; Herden, Christiane; Roth, Joachim; Plesnila, Nikolaus; Culmsee, Carsten

    2018-01-19

    The tumor-suppressor cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a deubiquitinating enzyme and key regulator of cell proliferation and inflammation. A genome-wide siRNA screen linked CYLD to receptor interacting protein-1 (RIP1) kinase-mediated necroptosis; however, the exact mechanisms of CYLD-mediated cell death remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the precise role of CYLD in models of neuronal cell death in vitro and evaluated whether CYLD deletion affects brain injury in vivo. In vitro, downregulation of CYLD increased RIP1 ubiquitination, prevented RIP1/RIP3 complex formation, and protected neuronal cells from oxidative death. Similar protective effects were achieved by siRNA silencing of RIP1 or RIP3 or by pharmacological inhibition of RIP1 with necrostatin-1. In vivo, CYLD knockout mice were protected from trauma-induced brain damage compared to wild-type littermate controls. These findings unravel the mechanisms of CYLD-mediated cell death signaling in damaged neurons in vitro and suggest a cell death-mediating role of CYLD in vivo.

  13. Fluorescence Imaging In Vivo at Wavelengths beyond 1500 nm.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diao, Shuo; Blackburn, Jeffrey L; Hong, Guosong; Antaris, Alexander L; Chang, Junlei; Wu, Justin Z; Zhang, Bo; Cheng, Kai; Kuo, Calvin J; Dai, Hongjie

    2015-12-01

    Compared to imaging in the visible and near-infrared regions below 900 nm, imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) is a promising method for deep-tissue high-resolution optical imaging in vivo mainly owing to the reduced scattering of photons traversing through biological tissues. Herein, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes with large diameters were used for in vivo fluorescence imaging in the long-wavelength NIR region (1500-1700 nm, NIR-IIb). With this imaging agent, 3-4 μm wide capillary blood vessels at a depth of about 3 mm could be resolved. Meanwhile, the blood-flow speeds in multiple individual vessels could be mapped simultaneously. Furthermore, NIR-IIb tumor imaging of a live mouse was explored. NIR-IIb imaging can be generalized to a wide range of fluorophores emitting at up to 1700 nm for high-performance in vivo optical imaging. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  14. In vivo Real-Time Mass Spectrometry for Guided Surgery Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fatou, Benoit; Saudemont, Philippe; Leblanc, Eric; Vinatier, Denis; Mesdag, Violette; Wisztorski, Maxence; Focsa, Cristian; Salzet, Michel; Ziskind, Michael; Fournier, Isabelle

    2016-05-01

    Here we describe a new instrument (SpiderMass) designed for in vivo and real-time analysis. In this instrument ion production is performed remotely from the MS instrument and the generated ions are transported in real-time to the MS analyzer. Ion production is promoted by Resonant Infrared Laser Ablation (RIR-LA) based on the highly effective excitation of O-H bonds in water molecules naturally present in most biological samples. The retrieved molecular patterns are specific to the cell phenotypes and benign versus cancer regions of patient biopsies can be easily differentiated. We also demonstrate by analysis of human skin that SpiderMass can be used under in vivo conditions with minimal damage and pain. Furthermore SpiderMass can also be used for real-time drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) analysis or food safety topics. SpiderMass is thus the first MS based system designed for in vivo real-time analysis under minimally invasive conditions.

  15. Visually Relating Gene Expression and in vivo DNA Binding Data

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, Min-Yu; Mackey, Lester; Ker?,; nen, Soile V. E.; Weber, Gunther H.; Jordan, Michael I.; Knowles, David W.; Biggin, Mark D.; Hamann, Bernd

    2011-09-20

    Gene expression and in vivo DNA binding data provide important information for understanding gene regulatory networks: in vivo DNA binding data indicate genomic regions where transcription factors are bound, and expression data show the output resulting from this binding. Thus, there must be functional relationships between these two types of data. While visualization and data analysis tools exist for each data type alone, there is a lack of tools that can easily explore the relationship between them. We propose an approach that uses the average expression driven by multiple of ciscontrol regions to visually relate gene expression and in vivo DNA binding data. We demonstrate the utility of this tool with examples from the network controlling early Drosophila development. The results obtained support the idea that the level of occupancy of a transcription factor on DNA strongly determines the degree to which the factor regulates a target gene, and in some cases also controls whether the regulation is positive or negative.

  16. In vivo fluorescence imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma using a novel GPC3-specific aptamer probe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Menglong; Dong, Lili; Liu, Zhuang; Yang, Shuohui

    2018-01-01

    Background Glypican-3 (GPC3) is highly expressed in most of the hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), even in small HCCs. It may be used as a potential biomarker for early detection of HCC. The aptamer is a promising targeting agent with unique advantages over antibody. This study was to introduce a novel GPC3 specific aptamer (AP613-1), to verify its specific binding property in vitro, and to evaluate its targeting efficiency in vivo by performing near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging on an HCC xenograft model. Methods AP613-1 was generated from the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Flow cytometry and aptamer-based immunofluorescence imaging were performed to verify the binding affinity of AP613-1 to GPC3 in vitro. NIR Fluorescence images of nude mice with unilateral (n=12) and bilateral (n=4) subcutaneous xenograft tumors were obtained. Correlation between the tumor fluorescence intensities in vivo and ex vivo was analyzed. Results AP613-1 could specifically bind to GPC3 in vitro. In vivo and ex vivo tumors, fluorescence intensities were in excellent correlation (Pfluorescence intensity is significantly higher in tumors given Alexa Fluor 750 (AF750) labeled AP613-1 than in those given AF750 labeled initial ssDNA library both in vivo (Pfluorescence intensities than A549 tumors both in vivo (P=0.016) and ex vivo (P=0.004). Conclusions AP613-1 displays a specific binding affinity to GPC3 positive HCC. Fluorescently labeled AP613-1 could be used as an imaging probe to subcutaneous HCC in xenograft models. PMID:29675356

  17. In vivo Raman spectroscopy of cervix cancers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rubina, S.; Sathe, Priyanka; Dora, Tapas Kumar; Chopra, Supriya; Maheshwari, Amita; Krishna, C. Murali

    2014-03-01

    Cervix-cancer is the third most common female cancer worldwide. It is the leading cancer among Indian females with more than million new diagnosed cases and 50% mortality, annually. The high mortality rates can be attributed to late diagnosis. Efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in classification of normal and pathological conditions in cervix cancers on diverse populations has already been demonstrated. Our earlier ex vivo studies have shown the feasibility of classifying normal and cancer cervix tissues as well as responders/non-responders to Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The present study was carried out to explore feasibility of in vivo Raman spectroscopic methods in classifying normal and cancerous conditions in Indian population. A total of 182 normal and 132 tumor in vivo Raman spectra, from 63 subjects, were recorded using a fiberoptic probe coupled HE-785 spectrometer, under clinical supervision. Spectra were acquired for 5 s and averaged over 3 times at 80 mW laser power. Spectra of normal conditions suggest strong collagenous features and abundance of non-collagenous proteins and DNA in case of tumors. Preprocessed spectra were subjected to Principal Component-Linear Discrimination Analysis (PCLDA) followed by leave-one-out-cross-validation. Classification efficiency of ~96.7% and 100% for normal and cancerous conditions respectively, were observed. Findings of the study corroborates earlier studies and suggest applicability of Raman spectroscopic methods in combination with appropriate multivariate tool for objective, noninvasive and rapid diagnosis of cervical cancers in Indian population. In view of encouraging results, extensive validation studies will be undertaken to confirm the findings.

  18. Prediction of in vitro and in vivo oestrogen receptor activity using hierarchical clustering

    Science.gov (United States)

    In this study, hierarchical clustering classification models were developed to predict in vitro and in vivo oestrogen receptor (ER) activity. Classification models were developed for binding, agonist, and antagonist in vitro ER activity and for mouse in vivo uterotrophic ER bindi...

  19. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry underestimates in vivo lumbar spine bone mineral density in overweight rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cherif, Rim; Vico, Laurence; Laroche, Norbert; Sakly, Mohsen; Attia, Nebil; Lavet, Cedric

    2018-01-01

    Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is currently the most widely used technique for measuring areal bone mineral density (BMD). However, several studies have shown inaccuracy, with either overestimation or underestimation of DXA BMD measurements in the case of overweight or obese individuals. We have designed an overweight rat model based on junk food to compare the effect of obesity on in vivo and ex vivo BMD and bone mineral content measurements. Thirty-eight 6-month old male rats were given a chow diet (n = 13) or a high fat and sucrose diet (n = 25), with the calorie amount being kept the same in the two groups, for 19 weeks. L1 BMD, L1 bone mineral content, amount of abdominal fat, and amount of abdominal lean were obtained from in vivo DXA scan. Ex vivo L1 BMD was also measured. A difference between in vivo and ex vivo DXA BMD measurements (P body weight, perirenal fat, abdominal fat, and abdominal lean. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that body weight, abdominal fat, and abdominal lean were independently related to ex vivo BMD. DXA underestimated lumbar in vivo BMD in overweight rats, and this measurement error is related to body weight and abdominal fat. Therefore, caution must be used when one is interpreting BMD among overweight and obese individuals.

  20. In vivo Photoacoustic Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using Targeted Contrast Agent

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-11-01

    AD______________ AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0242 TITLE: In Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using Targeted Contrast Agent PRINCIPAL...TITLE AND SUBTITLE In vivo Photoacoustic Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using T argeted Contrast Agent 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER W81XWH-14-1-0242 5b. GRANT...diagnose prostate cancer based on the near-infrared optical absorption of either endogenous tissue constituents or exogenous contrast agents . Although

  1. Parathyroid hormone induces the Nrna family of nuclear orphan receptors in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pirih, Flavia Q.; Aghaloo, Tara L.; Bezouglaia, Olga; Nervina, Jeanne M.; Tetradis, Sotirios

    2005-01-01

    Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has both anabolic and catabolic effects on bone metabolism, although the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects are largely unknown. Among the transcription factors induced by Pth in osteoblasts are the nerve growth factor-inducible factor B (NR4A; NGFI-B) family of orphan nuclear receptors: Nurr1, Nur77, and NOR-1. PTH induces NR4A members through the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in vitro. We report here that PTH rapidly and transiently induced expression of all three NR4A genes in PTH-target tissues in vivo. In calvaria, long bones, and kidneys, NR4A induction was maximal 0.5-1 h after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 80 μg/kg PTH. Nur77 demonstrated the highest expression, followed, in order, by Nurr1 and NOR-1. In calvaria and long bone, PTH-induced expression of each NR4A gene was detectable at 10 μg/kg i.p. with maximum induction at 40-80 μg/kg. PTH (3-34) did not induce NR4A mRNA levels in calvaria, long bone, and kidney in vivo, confirming our in vitro results that NR4A genes are induced primarily through the cAMP-PKA pathway. The magnitude of PTH-induced NR4A expression was comparable in vivo and in vitro. However, NR4A mRNA levels peaked and returned to baseline faster in vivo. Both in vivo and in vitro, PTH induced NR4A pre-mRNA levels suggesting that induction of these genes is, at least in part, through activation of mRNA synthesis. The in vivo induction of the NR4A family members by PTH suggests their involvement in, at least some, PTH-induced changes in bone metabolism

  2. In vivo detection of fluctuating brain steroid levels SHORT

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ikeda, Maaya; Rensel, Michelle A.; Schlinger, Barney A.; Remage-Healey, Luke

    2015-01-01

    This protocol describes a method for in vivo measurement of steroid hormones in brain circuits of the zebra finch. In vivo microdialysis has been used successfully to detect fluctuating neurosteroids in the auditory forebrain (Remage-Healey et al., 2008; 2012; Ikeda et al., 2012) and in the hippocampus (Rensel et al., 2012; 2013) of behaving adult zebra finches. In some cases, the steroids measured are derived locally (e.g., ‘neurosteroids’ like estrogens in males) whereas in other cases the steroids measured reflect systemic circulating levels and/or central conversion (e.g., the primary androgen testosterone and the primary glucocorticoid corticosterone). We also describe the method of reverse-microdialysis (‘retrodialysis’) of compounds that can influence local steroid neurochemistry as well as behavior. In vivo microdialysis can now be used to study steroid signaling in the brain for a variety of experimental purposes. Furthermore, similar methods have been developed to examine changing levels of catecholamines in behaving zebra finches (e.g., Sasaki et al., 2006). Thus, the combined study of neurochemistry and behavior in a vocal learning species now has a new set of powerful tools. PMID:25342066

  3. In vivo serial sampling of epididymal sperm in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Del Val, Gonzalo Moreno; Robledano, Patricia Muñoz

    2013-07-01

    This study was undertaken to refine the techniques of in vivo collection of sperm in the mouse. The principal objective was to offer a viable, safe and reliable method for serial collection of in vivo epididimary sperm through the direct puncture of the epididymis. Six C57Bl/6J males were subjected to the whole experiment. First we obtain a sperm sample of the right epididymis, and perform a vasectomy on the left side. This sample was used in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiment while the males were individually housed for 10 days to let them recover from the surgery, and then their fertility was tested with natural matings until we obtained a litter of each one. After that, the animals were subjected another time to the same process (sampling, recover and natural mating). The results of these experiments were a fertilization average value of 56.7%, and that all the males had a litter in the first month after the natural matings. This study documented the feasibility of the epididimary puncture technique to in vivo serial sampling of sperm in the mouse.

  4. Visualization of inflammatory processes using 'in vitro' and in vivo' labelled leucocytes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kostadinova, I.; Milanov, S.; Kovacheva, S.

    1993-01-01

    The labelled leucocytes have become a means of choice for the diagnosis of a variety of active inflammatory conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate 'in vivo' and 'in vitro' methods for labelling of leucocytes. A total of 146 patients, suspected of having various inflammatory lesions were examined. In 95 of them 'in vitro' method with 99m Tc-HMPAO or 111 In-oxine was used, in 29 'in vivo' method with 99m Tc-MAB (BW 250/183) and in 22 both methods. The obtained results of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 87,3%, 96,5%, 89,5% for 'in vitro' method and 83,3%, 93,8%, 86,2% for 'in vivo' method. Taking into consideration the received data and comparable results, we think that in seriously ill patients and in cases of urgency, the use of easier 'in vivo' method is more suitable, while in chronic processes or in such with unclear localisation, 'in vitro' method is recommended, which sometimes gives images with better quality. (orig.) [de

  5. Cherenkov radiation imaging of beta emitters: in vitro and in vivo results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spinelli, Antonello E.; Boschi, Federico; D'Ambrosio, Daniela; Calderan, Laura; Marengo, Mario; Fenzi, Alberto; Menegazzi, Marta; Sbarbati, Andrea; Del Vecchio, Antonella; Calandrino, Riccardo

    2011-01-01

    The main purpose of this work was to investigate both in vitro and in vivo Cherenkov radiation (CR) emission coming from 18 F and 32 P. The main difference between 18 F and 32 P is mainly the number of the emitted light photons, more precisely the same activity of 32 P emits more CR photons with respect to 18 F. In vitro results obtained by comparing beta counter measurements with photons average radiance showed that Cherenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) allows quantitative tracer activity measurements. In order to investigate in vivo the CLI approach, we studied an experimental xenograft tumor model of mammary carcinoma (BB1 tumor cells). Cherenkov in vivo dynamic whole body images of tumor bearing mice were acquired and the tumor tissue time activity curves reflected the well-known physiological accumulation of 18 F-FDG in malignant tissues with respect to normal tissues. The results presented here show that it is possible to use conventional optical imaging devices for in vitro or in vivo study of beta emitters.

  6. Cherenkov radiation imaging of beta emitters: in vitro and in vivo results

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Spinelli, Antonello E., E-mail: spinelli.antonello@hsr.it [Medical Physics Department, S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina N. 60, Milan (Italy); Boschi, Federico [Department of Morphological-Biomedical Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie N. 8, Verona (Italy); D' Ambrosio, Daniela [Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, via Massarenti N. 9, Bologna (Italy); Calderan, Laura [Department of Morphological-Biomedical Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie N. 8, Verona (Italy); Marengo, Mario [Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, via Massarenti N. 9, Bologna (Italy); Fenzi, Alberto [Department of Morphological-Biomedical Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie N. 8, Verona (Italy); Menegazzi, Marta [Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie N. 8, Verona (Italy); Sbarbati, Andrea [Department of Morphological-Biomedical Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie N. 8, Verona (Italy); Del Vecchio, Antonella; Calandrino, Riccardo [Medical Physics Department, S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina N. 60, Milan (Italy)

    2011-08-21

    The main purpose of this work was to investigate both in vitro and in vivo Cherenkov radiation (CR) emission coming from {sup 18}F and {sup 32}P. The main difference between {sup 18}F and {sup 32}P is mainly the number of the emitted light photons, more precisely the same activity of {sup 32}P emits more CR photons with respect to {sup 18}F. In vitro results obtained by comparing beta counter measurements with photons average radiance showed that Cherenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) allows quantitative tracer activity measurements. In order to investigate in vivo the CLI approach, we studied an experimental xenograft tumor model of mammary carcinoma (BB1 tumor cells). Cherenkov in vivo dynamic whole body images of tumor bearing mice were acquired and the tumor tissue time activity curves reflected the well-known physiological accumulation of {sup 18}F-FDG in malignant tissues with respect to normal tissues. The results presented here show that it is possible to use conventional optical imaging devices for in vitro or in vivo study of beta emitters.

  7. Biocompatible PEGylated gold nanorods as colored contrast agents for targeted in vivo cancer applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kopwitthaya, Atcha; Yong, Ken-Tye; Hu, Rui; Roy, Indrajit; Ding, Hong; Vathy, Lisa A.; Bergey, Earl J.; Prasad, Paras N.

    2010-08-01

    In this contribution, we report the use of a PEGylated gold nanorods formulation as a colored dye for tumor labeling in vivo. We have demonstrated that the nanorod-targeted tumor site can be easily differentiated from the background tissues by the 'naked eye' without the need of sophisticated imaging instruments. In addition to tumor labeling, we have also performed in vivo toxicity and biodistribution studies of PEGylated gold nanorods in vivo by using BALB/c mice as the model. In vivo toxicity studies indicated no mortality or adverse effects or weight changes in BALB/c mice treated with PEGylated gold nanorods. This finding will provide useful guidelines in the future development of diagnostic probes for cancer diagnosis, optically guided tumor surgery, and lymph node mapping applications.

  8. In vivo and in vitro dermal penetration of lipophilic and hydrophilic pesticides in mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grissom, R.E. Jr.; Brownie, C.; Guthrie, F.E.

    1987-01-01

    Dermal absorption is a major portal of entry for a wide variety of potentially toxic substances. In vivo and in vitro investigations assessing penetration of topically applied xenobiotics using both human and other animals have been conducted. Current ethical considerations have drastically curtailed the testing of xenobiotics in human volunteers; consequently, dermal penetration in humans is usually estimated from in vivo tests in animals and in vitro tests using either human or animal skin. In order for in vitro penetration results to be meaningful, there needs to be close relationship with in vivo data. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between in vivo and in vitro penetration of both hydrophilic and lipophilic 14 C-labelled compounds in mice

  9. Imaging the glutamatergic system in vivo - relevance to schizophrenia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bressan, R.A.; Pilowsky, L.S. [Inst. of Psychiatry, London (United Kingdom); Inst. of Nuclear Medicine, University College of London Medical School (United Kingdom)

    2000-11-01

    Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric illness. Its pathophysiology is not fully clarified. Animal data, in vitro and indirect in vivo imaging support glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction in the disorder. A lack of suitable ligands has obstructed direct evaluation of the NMDA receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia. Many research groups are working towards developing appropriate single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography ligands for the NMDA receptor. This paper briefly presents evidence for links between glutamatergic system dysfunction and schizophrenia. It reviews the radioligands to evaluate glutamatergic receptors in vivo and discusses issues in developing novel ligands for the glutamatergic system. (orig.)

  10. Imaging the glutamatergic system in vivo - relevance to schizophrenia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bressan, R.A.; Pilowsky, L.S.

    2000-01-01

    Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric illness. Its pathophysiology is not fully clarified. Animal data, in vitro and indirect in vivo imaging support glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction in the disorder. A lack of suitable ligands has obstructed direct evaluation of the NMDA receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia. Many research groups are working towards developing appropriate single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography ligands for the NMDA receptor. This paper briefly presents evidence for links between glutamatergic system dysfunction and schizophrenia. It reviews the radioligands to evaluate glutamatergic receptors in vivo and discusses issues in developing novel ligands for the glutamatergic system. (orig.)

  11. In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of canine status epilepticus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sandstrom, J.C.; Partington, C.R.; Perman, W.H.

    1988-01-01

    Invasive studies of rodent seizure models have demonstrated twice-normal lactate accumulation at the seizure focus. The authors investigated metabolic changes in canine kainic acid-induced seizures by means of in vivo volume-selective water-suppressed proton MR spectroscopy (MVSTE pulse sequence). Spectra from several experiments are presented demonstrating changes in lactate and MR imaging-visible lipid concentration. Spectra were obtained with interlaced acquisition from the brain and an external standard for relative quantification, with best-case line width of 4 Hz and typical line widths of 7-15 Hz at 1.5 T. Direct injection of NAA and lactate in the brain allowed in vivo identification of resonances

  12. Ex vivo tracheomalacia model with 3D-printed external tracheal splint.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaye, Rachel; Goldstein, Todd; Aronowitz, Danielle; Grande, Daniel A; Zeltsman, David; Smith, Lee P

    2017-04-01

    To design and evaluate an ex vivo model of tracheomalacia with and without a three-dimensional (3D)-printed external tracheal splint. Prospective, ex vivo animal trial. Three groups of ex vivo porcine tracheas were used: 1) control (unmanipulated trachea), 2) tracheomalacia (tracheal rings partially incised and crushed), and 3) splinted tracheomalacia (external custom tracheal splint fitted onto group 2 trachea). Each end of an ex vivo trachea was sealed with a custom-designed and 3D-printed cap; a transducer was placed through one end to measure the pressure inside the trachea. Although the negative pressure was applied to the tracheal lumen, the tracheal wall collapse was measured externally and internally using a bronchoscope. Each group had at least three recorded trials. Tracheal diameter was evaluated using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) and was averaged between two raters. Average tracheal occlusion percentage was compared using Student t test. The average occlusion was 31% for group 1, 87.4% for group 2, and 20% for group 3. Significant differences were found between the control and tracheomalacia groups (P tracheomalacia and splinted tracheomalacia groups (P tracheomalacia groups (P = 0.13). Applied pressure was plotted against occlusion and regression line slope differed between the tracheomalacia (0.91) and control (0.12) or splinted tracheomalacia (0.39) groups. We demonstrate the potential for an ex vivo tracheomalacia model to reproduce airway collapse and show that this collapse can be treated successfully with a 3D-printed external splint. These results are promising and justify further studies. N/A. Laryngoscope, 127:950-955, 2017. © 2016 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

  13. A novel paramagnetic substrate for detecting myeloperoxidase activity in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shazeeb, Mohammed S; Xie, Yang; Gupta, Suresh; Bogdanov, Alexei A

    2012-01-01

    Bis-phenylamides and bis-hydroxyindolamides of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-gadolinium (DTPA(Gd)) are paramagnetic reducing substrates of peroxidases that enable molecular imaging of peroxidase activity in vivo. Specifically, gadolinium chelates of bis-5-hydroxytryptamide-DTPA (bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd)) have been used to image localized inflammation in animal models by detecting neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity at the inflammation site. However, in other preclinical disease models, bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd) presents technical challenges due to its limited solubility in vivo. Here we report a novel MPO-sensing probe obtained by replacing the reducing substrate serotonin (5-HT) with 5-hydroxytryptophan (HTrp). Characterization of the resulting probe (bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd)) in vitro using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and enzyme kinetic analysis showed that bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd) (1) improves solubility in water; (2) acts as a substrate for both horseradish peroxidase and MPO enzymes; (3) induces cross-linking of proteins in the presence of MPO; (4) produces oxidation products, which bind to plasma proteins; and (5) unlike bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd), does not follow first-order reaction kinetics. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mice demonstrated that bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd) was retained for up to 5 days in MPO-containing sites and cleared faster than bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd) from MPO-negative sites. Bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd) should offer improvements for MRI of MPO-mediated inflammation in vivo, especially in high-field MRI, which requires a higher dose of contrast agent.

  14. In vivo cation exchange in quantum dots for tumor-specific imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Xiangyou; Braun, Gary B; Qin, Mingde; Ruoslahti, Erkki; Sugahara, Kazuki N

    2017-08-24

    In vivo tumor imaging with nanoprobes suffers from poor tumor specificity. Here, we introduce a nanosystem, which allows selective background quenching to gain exceptionally tumor-specific signals. The system uses near-infrared quantum dots and a membrane-impermeable etchant, which serves as a cation donor. The etchant rapidly quenches the quantum dots through cation exchange (ionic etching), and facilitates renal clearance of metal ions released from the quantum dots. The quantum dots are intravenously delivered into orthotopic breast and pancreas tumors in mice by using the tumor-penetrating iRGD peptide. Subsequent etching quenches excess quantum dots, leaving a highly tumor-specific signal provided by the intact quantum dots remaining in the extravascular tumor cells and fibroblasts. No toxicity is noted. The system also facilitates the detection of peritoneal tumors with high specificity upon intraperitoneal tumor targeting and selective etching of excess untargeted quantum dots. In vivo cation exchange may be a promising strategy to enhance specificity of tumor imaging.The imaging of tumors in vivo using nanoprobes has been challenging due to the lack of sufficient tumor specificity. Here, the authors develop a tumor-specific quantum dot system that permits in vivo cation exchange to achieve selective background quenching and high tumor-specific imaging.

  15. Validating CFD Predictions of Pharmaceutical Aerosol Deposition with In Vivo Data.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Geng; Hindle, Michael; Lee, Sau; Longest, P Worth

    2015-10-01

    CFD provides a powerful approach to evaluate the deposition of pharmaceutical aerosols; however, previous studies have not compared CFD results of deposition throughout the lungs with in vivo data. The in vivo datasets selected for comparison with CFD predictions included fast and slow clearance of monodisperse aerosols as well as 2D gamma scintigraphy measurements for a dry powder inhaler (DPI) and softmist inhaler (SMI). The CFD model included the inhaler, a characteristic model of the mouth-throat (MT) and upper tracheobronchial (TB) airways, stochastic individual pathways (SIPs) representing the remaining TB region, and recent CFD-based correlations to predict pharmaceutical aerosol deposition in the alveolar airways. For the monodisperse aerosol, CFD predictions of total lung deposition agreed with in vivo data providing a percent relative error of 6% averaged across aerosol sizes of 1-7 μm. With the DPI and SMI, deposition was evaluated in the MT, central airways (bifurcations B1-B7), and intermediate plus peripheral airways (B8 through alveoli). Across these regions, CFD predictions produced an average relative error <10% for each inhaler. CFD simulations with the SIP modeling approach were shown to accurately predict regional deposition throughout the lungs for multiple aerosol types and different in vivo assessment methods.

  16. In vivo tracing of organophosphorus pesticides in cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and aloe (Barbadensis)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qiu, Junlang; Chen, Guosheng; Zhou, Hong; Xu, Jianqiao; Wang, Fuxin; Zhu, Fang; Ouyang, Gangfeng

    2016-01-01

    In vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling method coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was employed to trace the uptake and elimination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in two kinds of edible plants, cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and aloe (Barbadensis). The metabolism of fenthion in aloe was also investigated by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC–MS/MS) to understand the fate of OPPs in living plants better. Transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) and depuration rate constants of the OPPs in living plants were obtained therein. The health risk of the OPPs treated aloe was estimated by the maximum residue limit (MRL) approach, and it revealed that the OPPs were rather safe for their fast degradable property. However, peak concentration of fenthion-sulfoxide was found to exceed the MRL and was higher than that of the parent fenthion, which indicated the potential risk of pesticide metabolites. This study highlighted the application of in vivo SPME for contaminant tracing in different living edible plants. The in vivo tracing method is very convenient and can provide more data to evaluate the risk of different pesticides, which are very important for the safety of agriculture production. - Highlights: • In vivo SPME was employed to sample organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables. • Uptake and elimination of OPPs were traced in cabbage and aloe. • In vivo tracing of fenthion demonstrated its metabolites could be rather dangerous. • The risks of OPPs were assessed based on the in vivo tracing data.

  17. In vivo tracing of organophosphorus pesticides in cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and aloe (Barbadensis)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qiu, Junlang; Chen, Guosheng; Zhou, Hong; Xu, Jianqiao; Wang, Fuxin; Zhu, Fang, E-mail: ceszf@mail.sysu.edu.cn; Ouyang, Gangfeng, E-mail: cesoygf@mail.sysu.edu.cn

    2016-04-15

    In vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling method coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was employed to trace the uptake and elimination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in two kinds of edible plants, cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and aloe (Barbadensis). The metabolism of fenthion in aloe was also investigated by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC–MS/MS) to understand the fate of OPPs in living plants better. Transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) and depuration rate constants of the OPPs in living plants were obtained therein. The health risk of the OPPs treated aloe was estimated by the maximum residue limit (MRL) approach, and it revealed that the OPPs were rather safe for their fast degradable property. However, peak concentration of fenthion-sulfoxide was found to exceed the MRL and was higher than that of the parent fenthion, which indicated the potential risk of pesticide metabolites. This study highlighted the application of in vivo SPME for contaminant tracing in different living edible plants. The in vivo tracing method is very convenient and can provide more data to evaluate the risk of different pesticides, which are very important for the safety of agriculture production. - Highlights: • In vivo SPME was employed to sample organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables. • Uptake and elimination of OPPs were traced in cabbage and aloe. • In vivo tracing of fenthion demonstrated its metabolites could be rather dangerous. • The risks of OPPs were assessed based on the in vivo tracing data.

  18. In vivo NMR spectroscopy of the liver. Spectroscopie RMN du foie in vivo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jehenson, P.; Cuenod, C.A.; Syrota, A. (CEA, 91 - Orsay (FR). Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot)

    1989-01-01

    The application of in vivo MR spectroscopy to the study of the liver is currently an expanding field of research. Owing to technical difficulties, the results obtained thus far were mainly those of animal observations. Several nuclei have been considered: hydrogen, phosphorus, carbon or fluorine. This non-traumatic method allows following and quantifying the various metabolic pathways, especially during hepatic diseases. The major metabolic pathways, i.e. neoglycogenesis, glycogenolysis, Krebs' cycle, etc., are studied, as well as their alterations during diseases such as ischemia, diabetes or alcoholism. The development of this promising technique requires the cooperation of various clinical and fundamental disciplines.

  19. El impacto del Plan Colombia a la asistencia internacional en Carchi, Sucumbíos y Esmeraldas 1998-2001

    OpenAIRE

    Guzmán León, Alicia

    2003-01-01

    La presente tesis tiene como propósito principal plantear las tendencias de asistencia internacional registradas en las provincias del norte previa la aplicación del Plan Colombia y posterior a la misma. El objetivo central de esta investigación es determinar cómo está conformada la asistencia en estas tres provincias, quiénes son los donantes, agencias ejecutoras e instituciones beneficiarias para establecer las dinámicas que se generan a partir del Plan Colombia en esta zona ...

  20. 57. El menor número de células progenitoras endoteliales en la sangre periférica de pacientes coronarios no está relacionado con una disfunción in vitro inducida por su plasma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. González Rocafort

    2010-01-01

    Conclusiones: Los pacientes coronarios tienen un menor nivel preoperatorio de EPC que los valvulares. La disfunción en cultivo de las EPC de pacientes ateroscleróticos no se observa en EPC cultivadas obtenidas de donantes sanos tras la incubación con plasma de pacientes coronarios, y, por lo tanto, podría ser debida más a factores intrínsecos de estas células en su procedencia de la médula ósea que a factores del medio.