WorldWideScience

Sample records for doctrines

  1. On China's Nuclear Doctrine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xia Liping

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Nuclear weapons have played an important role in China's national strategy. China’s nuclear doctrine has a very strong continuity. Nevertheless, China has made readjustments in its nuclear doctrine according to the changes of its internal and external situation and its general strategic threat perception. China’s nuclear doctrine has experienced a process of evolution from anti-nuclear blackmail to minimum deterrence. There are five major parts in China's nuclear doctrine: policy of declaration, nuclear development, nuclear deployment, nuclear employment, and nuclear disarmament. Because China is faced with a different situation from other nuclear powers and has its own strategic culture, China has a nuclear doctrine with its own characteristics. China’s nuclear doctrine has been affiliated with and has served the national development strategy, national security strategy, national defense policy and military strategy of China.

  2. Military Strategy vs. Military Doctrine

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Barfoed, Jacob

    2015-01-01

    The article argues that while doctrine represents the more scientific side of warfare, strategy represents the artistic side. Existing doctrine will almost never meet the requirements for winning the next war; it is through the artistic application of generic peacetime doctrine to the specific st...... strategic and operational context, using doctrine as building blocks for a context specific military strategy, that the military commander outwits and defeats or coerces the adversary and achieves the military objectives....

  3. India's draft nuclear doctrine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kapur, A.

    2000-01-01

    India's draft nuclear doctrine and its nuclear and missile testing are a response to recent international, regional and domestic developments. Nehru's policy of nuclear disarmament, non-discriminatory international arrangements and unilateral restraint has been overturned in favour of self-reliant security and negotiated nuclear restraints. The draft nuclear doctrine is aimed at transparency and formalization of existing capacities. It is anchored in the United Nations Charter, based on the legitimacy of self-defence and espouses minimum nuclear deterrence. After the launching of Pokhran II, the debate in India has been settled on weaponization and deployment. The doctrine is not country-specific with respect to threat perceptions, but the author posits that the long-term focus is on China and the short-term on Pakistan. The doctrine emphasizes civilian command and control. India's decision to test incurred diplomatic and other economic costs, but afforded new opportunities for the country to assert itself militarily and politically in Asia and in the world. There were no diplomatic costs in issuing the draft nuclear doctrine, but the author estimates the economic costs of a full-blown (triad) Indian nuclear deterrent. (author)

  4. Doctrinal gnosis in Islam: Position and significance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Halilović Tehran

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Empirical, rational and intuitive methods in scientific considerations formulate various scientific disciplines. Doctrinal gnosis and philosophy are two rational-demonstrative doctrines that consider ontological questions. Although the basis of their Gnostic experience is intuitive knowledge, Gnostics describe and explain their experience in a rational way, with a view to making the content of such Gnostic knowledge in their scientific work available to the general public. In that way, doctrinal gnosis is established which, like philosophy, uses general terms. To get a clear picture of the essence of doctrinal gnosis in Islam, in this paper we will try to present the main characteristics of doctrinal gnosis and its relationship with similar disciplines. On this front, in addition to the importance of clarifying the differences between doctrinal gnosis and other aspects of the Gnostic knowledge in Islam, such as transmitted gnosis and practical gnosis, special attention will have to be paid to a clear analysis of the differences between doctrinal gnosis and philosophy.

  5. Changes in Russia's Military and Nuclear Doctrine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wolkov, Benjamin M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Balatsky, Galya I. [Los Alamos National Laboratory

    2012-07-26

    In 1993, the Russian Federation set out a new military doctrine that would determine the direction of its armed forces until President Putin set out the next doctrine in 2000. The Russian Federation creating the doctrine was new; the USSR had recently collapsed, Gorbachev - the creator of the predecessor to this doctrine in 1987 - was out of office, and the new Russian military had only been formed in May, 1992.1 The analysis of the 1993 doctrine is as follows: a definition of how doctrine is defined; a short history of Russian military doctrine leading up to the 1993 doctrine (officially the Basic Provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation); and finally, what the doctrine established. An overview of the 1993 doctrine is: (1) Russia's 1993 doctrine was a return to older, more aggressive doctrine as a result of stability concerns surrounding the recent collapse of the USSR; (2) Russia turned from Gorbachev's 'defensive defense' in the 1987 doctrine to aggressive defense with the option of preempting or striking back against an aggressor; (3) Russia was deeply concerned about how nationalism would affect the former Soviet Republics, particularly in respect to the ethnic Russians still living abroad; and (4) Nuclear doctrine pledged to not be the first to use nuclear weapons but provided for the potential for escalation from a conventional to a nuclear war. The 2000 doctrine (officially the Russian Federation Military Doctrine) was created in a more stable world than the 1993 doctrine was. The Russian Federation had survived independence and the 'threat of direct military aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies' had diminished. It had secured all of the nuclear weapons from its neighbors Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, and had elected a new president, Vladimir Putin, to replace Boris Yeltsin. Yet, even as the doctrine took more defensive tones than the 1993 doctrine, it expanded its nuclear options

  6. VATICANO II CONCILIO DOCTRINAL?

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    Horacio Bojorge

    1970-01-01

    Full Text Available It is a century since the army of Victor Manuel invaded Rome and put an end to Vatican I. In this article we try to understand Vatican II linking it to the previous circumtances and binding it to its doctrinal and pastoral character. Vatican II omitted many subjects that seemed important, e. g. not giving any dogmatic definitions. Contrasting with the Tridentine and Vatican I, that were mostly doctrinal, Vatican II was pastoral. But it was also doctrinal as were the two previous also pastoral. The Constitution "Dei Verbum" brings forth the intentions that led John XXIII to summon the Council in 5-8-1962. The world looked confused and agitated. What could the Church do?

  7. The End of Doctrine?
    On the Symbolic Function of Doctrine in Substantive Criminal Law

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    Ferry de Jong

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Recently, there have been various developments within Dutch substantive criminal-law doctrine that in some important ways suggest a shift towards a common-law conception of judicial interpretation in different topics which are central to substantive criminal law. The developments suggest that criminal-law doctrine in the Netherlands is becoming sketchier and is losing some theoretical profundity. Building on Cassirer's philosophy of symbolic forms, Shapiro's planning theory of law, and Wittgenstein's considerations on rule-following, this article aims to contribute to a description of the independent function of doctrine in substantive criminal law, by addressing the question as to how, and in what sense, doctrine 'helps' the court in applying the statutory and non-statutory criminal-law norms. It is argued that the law constitutes a 'symbolic form' that is to some extent disassociated from the social life-world, and that is construed by way of sophisticated, shared forms of 'social planning'. These forms of social planning form parts of a 'practice' governed by a specific 'legal point of view'. It is further argued that criminal-law doctrine, in a radical sense, comprises a form of proceduralization, by means of which the adjudicating judge is 'directed' to a certain position within the criminal law's symbolically construed space. It is concluded that criminal-law doctrine fulfils an important function in 'situating' the judge, and in 'prompting' or 'compelling' the judge, from his subjective position, to apply a criminal-law norm in an objectively correct manner.

  8. Questioning the cerebellar doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galliano, Elisa; De Zeeuw, Chris I

    2014-01-01

    The basic principles of cerebellar function were originally described by Flourens, Cajal, and Marr/Albus/Ito, and they constitute the pillars of what can be considered to be the classic cerebellar doctrine. In their concepts, the main cerebellar function is to control motor behavior, Purkinje cells are the only cortical neuron receiving and integrating inputs from climbing fiber and mossy-parallel fiber pathways, and plastic modification at the parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells constitutes the substrate of motor learning. Yet, because of recent technical advances and new angles of investigation, all pillars of the cerebellar doctrine now face regular re-examination. In this review, after summarizing the classic concepts and recent disputes, we attempt to synthesize an integrated view and propose a revisited version of the cerebellar doctrine. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Redefined Soviet military doctrine in perspective

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Menning, B.W.

    1992-01-01

    On May 29, 1987, the Warsaw Pact's Political Consultative Committee issued a communique proclaiming that the military doctrine of the Warsaw Pact member states is strictly defensive and proceeds from the fact that the application of military means to resolve any dispute is inadmissible under current conditions. Following this declaration, a corresponding redefinition of Soviet military doctrine to emphasize defensiveness and war prevention has evoke lively commentary and debate in both the West and the East. Because doctrinal issues are likely to retain significance during arms control and security negotiations. The purpose of this paper is to highlight important trends associated with a continuing dialogue over Soviet military doctrine and to assess what the future portends as doctrinal discussions unfold. Since 1987 the accelerating pace of change has accentuated the importance of doctrinally related concerns. As a result of the INF Treaty and the Stockholm agreement, there has been greater transparency regarding Soviet and Warsaw Pact military developments. On December 7, 1988, General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev announced unilateral troop reduction over the next two years, which, when completed, would reduce the offensive capabilities of Soviet forces in Eastern Europe. In March 1989 talks on Confidence- and Security-Building Measures (CSBM) opened in Vienna, with suggestions for exchanges of views on military policy. At the very same time, NATO and the Warsaw Pact began formal negotiations on reduction of Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) with a specific mandate to reduce those asymmetries that most favored prosecution of deep operations

  10. Operational Reach: Is Current Army Doctrine Adequate?

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Heintzelman, Scott

    2003-01-01

    The term operational reach, an element of operational design, is new to U.S. Army doctrine. Operational reach is not found in the previous edition of the Army's basic operational doctrine, Field Manual...

  11. Symposium on nuclear doctrines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2000-01-01

    The world is cold-war free for a decade, but there is a growing concern about continued reliance by the most powerful military states on nuclear weapons of inconceivable mass destructive capacity. Question revolve around not only the amount of nuclear weapons deployed and in storage, but also the reasons why stets need to retain military doctrines that include the possible use of their awesome power. NATO adopted a new strategic concept at the Washington summit in April 1999, at the heart of which still is nuclear deterrence. The US Senate rejected ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in October 1999. The Russian Federation draft nuclear doctrine is increasing reliance on nuclear weapons. The nuclear test in South Asia in May 1998 challenged the viability of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Earlier in 1999, India floated a nuclear doctrine in draft that includes reliance on a minimum nuclear deterrent. This publication aimed to extend the insights and opinions on the disarmament and real effectiveness of nuclear deterrence

  12. Moral autonomy in Australian legislation and military doctrine

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    Richard Adams

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Australian legislation and military doctrine stipulate that soldiers ‘subjugate their will’ to government, and fight in any war the government declares. Neither legislation nor doctrine enables the conscience of soldiers. Together, provisions of legislation and doctrine seem to take soldiers for granted. And, rather than strengthening the military instrument, the convention of legislation and doctrine seems to weaken the democratic foundations upon which the military may be shaped as a force for justice. Denied liberty of their conscience, soldiers are denied the foundational right of democratic citizenship and construed as utensils of the State. This article critiques the idea of moral agency in Australian legislation and military doctrine and is concerned with the obligation of the State to safeguard the moral integrity of individual soldiers, so soldiers might serve with a fully formed moral assurance to advance justice in the world. Beyond its explicit focus on the convention of Australian thought, this article raises questions of far-reaching relevance. The provisos of Australian legislation and doctrine are an analogue of western thinking. Thus, this discussion challenges many assumptions concerning military duty and effectiveness. Discussion will additionally provoke some reassessment of the expectations democratic societies hold of their soldiers.

  13. Repugnancy Doctrine and Customary Law in Nigeria: A Positive ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The doctrine of repugnancy owes it origin to the medieval period and evolution of English equity. The doctrine was introduced into Nigeria by the end of the 19th century via the received English laws to test our customary law for acceptability. The issue has been whether the application of the doctrine by Nigerian courts has ...

  14. The theoretical tenability of the doctrine of double effect.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bole, T J

    1991-10-01

    The doctrine of double effect shows that for which the moral agent is responsible, by explicating the relationship between the act directly intended and the consequences of that act. I contend that this doctrine is necessary not only for natural law absolutism, but also for Donagan's Kantianism and for Quinn's revised construal of the doctrine, and even for consequentialism, as bioethical implications of the doctrine make clear. For those who do not accept this necessity, I contend that it is necessary metatheoretically, in order to deal with those moral agents with irreconcilably different notions of the morally good.

  15. Russian Military Politics and Russia’s 2010 Defense Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-01

    63 Jacob W. Kipp 3. Russian Defense Doctrine .............................. 153 Alexander G. Savelyev About...DOCTRINE Alexander G. Savelyev After President Vladimir Putin of Russian Fed- eration (RF) approved the Military Doctrine in April 2000, experts and...from the Pennsylvania State University. ALEXANDER SAVELYEV has been head of the Strategic Studies Department, Center of International Security

  16. Onus of responsibility: the changing responsible corporate officer doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bragg, Jennifer; Bentivoglio, John; Collins, Andrew

    2010-01-01

    The responsible corporate officer ("RCO") doctrine permits convictions of corporate officers for violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ("FDCA"), even in instances in which the corporate officer was not personally involved and lacked knowledge of the wrongdoing. Prosecutors have seldom prosecuted RCO FDCA cases since the doctrine was first described in 1943, but recent indications point to an imminent revival. Cases and statements from government officials indicate that this second wave of the RCO doctrine may sweep more broadly than did the first. For example, prosecutors appear ready to employ the RCO doctrine in strict liability cases, even though most past RCO FDCA cases involved knowledge on the part of the corporate officer. Moreover, the current environment promises stiffer penalties, less centralized case selection, and fewer jury trials than did the era in which the RCO doctrine was established. This article concludes with a call for the Department of Justice to issue guidelines for RCO prosecutions to ensure that this most unusual form of criminal liability is imposed fairly and consistently.

  17. Ancient Doctrines of Passions: Plato and Aristotle

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    Iskra-Paczkowska Agnieszka

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The subject of this essay is a discussion of the doctrines of emotions of Plato and Aristotle. According to both them it is impossible to oust the passions from the good, i.e. happy life. On the contrary, emotions are an important component of human excellence. We investigate this question with reference to Plato’s doctrine of the soul and his concept of a perfect life, and Aristotle’s ethics, poetics and rhetoric.

  18. Russia’s Monroe Doctrine: peacekeeping, peacemaking, or imperial outreach?

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    Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available The article discusses the important changes in the Russian foreign policy doctrines that occurred in the beginnings of the 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Author argues that the officially claimed devotion to peacemaking and peacekeeping are in fact manifestations of the Russian imperial outreach. The model of international relations promoted by Moscow in fact resembles the American 19th century Monroe Doctrine. Thus, the foreign policy doctrine and the potential national conflicts in the post-Soviet territory may become triggers for Russian actions aiming at restoring the Russian Empire.

  19. Royal Danish Air Force. Air Operations Doctrine

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nørby, Søren

    This brief examines the development of the first Danish Air Force Air Operations Doctrine, which was officially commissioned in October 1997 and remained in effect until 2010. The development of a Danish air power doctrine was heavily influenced by the work of Colonel John Warden (USAF), both...... through his book ”The Air Campaign” and his subsequent planning of the air campaign against Iraq in 1990-1991. Warden’s ideas came to Denmark and the Danish Air Force by way of Danish Air Force students attending the United States Air Force Air University in Alabama, USA. Back in Denmark, graduates from...... the Air University inspired a small number of passionate airmen, who then wrote the Danish Air Operations Doctrine. The process was supported by the Air Force Tactical Command, which found that the work dovetailed perfectly with the transformation process that the Danish Air Force was in the midst...

  20. Separation Of Powers In Ghana: The Evolution Of The Political Question Doctrine

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    Mtendeweka Owen Mhango

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available In some democracies judiciaries have developed the political question doctrine to jurisprudentially resolve political questions and define their relationship with other branches of government. This doctrine is a function of the principle of the separation of powers and provides that there are certain questions of constitutional law that are constitutionally committed to the elected branches of government for resolution. As a result, such questions are non-justiciable and require the judiciary to abstain from deciding them if doing so would intrude upon the functions of the elected branches of government. This article examines the evolution and current status of the political question doctrine in Ghanaian jurisprudence, which developed from American jurisprudence. It begins by briefly discussing the history of the doctrine and its modern application in America. It then discusses how this doctrine was imported into Ghana and applied by the Ghanaian judiciary. The article argues that while there are differences of opinion around the application of the political question doctrine within Ghana's judiciary, the doctrine is firmly part of Ghanaian constitutional law. The article observes that the difference of opinion among judges is over the proper application of the doctrine rather than on whether it forms part of Ghanaian constitutional law. The article also discusses a related issue of the constitutional status of Directive Principles of State Policy in chapter 6 of the Constitution of Ghana.

  1. Airland Battle Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    1988-09-01

    Professional Paper 463 / September 1988 OTIC - EL cOPY V 0- 00 00 N Airland Battle Doctrine DTIC S ELECTE DEC 2 81988D Douglas W. Skinner Dcb A...missiles to ground targets. Initial deployment will be on the Army’s OV-i Bronco and the Air Force’s TR-l and C-18. This is another outgrowth of the

  2. First War Syndrome: Military Culture, Professionalization, and Counterinsurgency Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-02-01

    doctrine" does not. If everything an organization does or believes is grouped under the rubric of doctrine, then it becomes an almost meaningless catch...civilians. A variant of this is that some political systems give civilians a better ability to intervene than others. Finally, a set of genetic

  3. Fairness Doctrine in Advertising.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martin, Charles Vance

    After a decade of debate, numerous Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rulings, and many court decisions, the application of the "fairness doctrine"--an act that mandates objectivity in the presentation of facts concerning controversial issues--remains unsettled. This report discusses issues involved in the application of the…

  4. Questioning the cerebellar doctrine

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Galliano, Elisa; De Zeeuw, Chris I

    2014-01-01

    The basic principles of cerebellar function were originally described by Flourens, Cajal, and Marr/Albus/Ito, and they constitute the pillars of what can be considered to be the classic cerebellar doctrine. In their concepts, the main cerebellar function is to control motor behavior, Purkinje cells

  5. Swiss Armed Forces Reform: Doctrinal and Organizational Challenges

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-06-10

    conservatism and military innovation since this is where the essence of the Armed Forces resides. Sound doctrine and coherent organizations enables the...established doctrine can become part of the conservatism of the military institution. So the innovative capabilities of the military organization affect...in other fields. They challenged the inherent conservatism of the military institution. The down-sizing of the Armed Forces, the reduction of

  6. HISTORICAL PARALLELS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC DOCTRINES

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    Avtandil SILAGADZE

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Historical experience shows that problems of economic development in certain countries are linked to the rational use of economic resources. It is not accidental that this issue was of high importance as early as in the 19th century in Georgia. An outstanding Georgian writer Ilia Tchavtchavadze (1951-1961 and other researchers (see References dedicated interesting works to studying this problem. Like German national economic doctrines, Ilia Tchavtchavadze was much concerned with the priorities of national economy. Based on the research results, the present work provides conclusions that Ilia Tchavtchavadze’s economic doctrine complies with German as well as classic economic doctrines with the only difference that development of Georgian economy should start with the development of agriculture; complies with free trade policy; gives great importance to building railway network and Batumi-Baku pipeline, development of oil industry, co-existence of private and community ownership and inadmissibility of forceful infringement of such ownership; lays foundation to building of an independent banking system in Georgia.

  7. Russia's nuclear doctrine: The end of the period of transition?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sokov, N.

    2000-01-01

    The Russian Federation issued a draft Military Doctrine in October 1999, widely circulating it for study and reactions. In January 2000, Russia published its 2000 National Security Concept and on 4 February, the Security Council approved its new military doctrine. Nuclear weapons are seen as the only reliable means to dissuade NATO from using force against Russia. There is a distinct focus in the new doctrine on the immediate military utility of nuclear weapons. Russia, like NATO, is continuing to reduce its nuclear weapons, though at a slower clip than foreseen by the START agreements. The doctrine reasserts the policy of first use of nuclear weapons in response to a conventional attack. Its policy provides for the use of nuclear weapons in response to an attack in which other weapons of mass destruction (chemical or biological) are used. (author)

  8. Standing the Test of Time: Revising the British Army's Counterinsurgency Doctrine

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    O'Herlihy, Simon

    2008-01-01

    The recent experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan confirm the fundamental validity of the British Army's counterinsurgency doctrine, but offer lessons which should be incorporated into a doctrinal review...

  9. Military Doctrine, and Maxims of Napoleon, A Bibliography of Periodical Articles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1984-10-01

    0041-770X. ....- S. . ..... -79 PART II - DOCTRINE -1. USA ANDERSON, NORMAN J. "A Statement of Doctrine," NCG, 47:10. November 1963. "Army 86...Process," MILRVW, 64:46-57, January 1984. KRAUSE, MICHAEL D..~ - "Arthur L. Wagner : Doctrine and Lessons from the Past," MILRVW, 58:53-9, November...June 1927. b. Democratic Republic of Germany (DDR). BELL, RAYMOND E. "Armor Development in the Weimar Republic," MILRVW, 47:12-7, March 1967. c

  10. Motivating administrative acts - doctrinal and jurisprudential issues

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    Mihai Cristian APOSTOLACHE

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available The article approaches the topic of administrative acts motivation, analyzed from the doctrinal and jurisprudential perspective. If at first, motivation was considered merely a formal condition of the administrative act, as a result of the national and European, doctrinal and jurisprudential evolution, motivation is now regarded as one of the most important conditions of validity for the administrative act. Motivating administrative acts represents also a manifestation of the right to information, sealed by the Romanian Constitution, and a dimension of the right to a good administration, as stipulated in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

  11. The Public Trust Doctrine and Liability for Historic Water Pollution in South Africa

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    Loretta Feris

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The public trust doctrine is now, in the post-constitutional era, part and parcel of South African natural resources law. However, the precise meaning and content remain, to some extent, unclear. This is particularly true in respect of the relationship between the public trust doctrine and the polluter pays principle and the extent to which liability for pollution and degradation of natural resources also lies within the realm of the public trust doctrine. This article sets out to explore the public trust doctrine in South African law and its potential for assigning liability in a natural resources law context. It does so in the context of South Africa’s challenges in dealing with acid mine drainage (AMD, a legacy from defunct mines, but a continuing by-product of existing mining. It revisits the traditional scope of the public trust doctrine and argues for an expansive view in line not only with the constitutional imperatives embodied in South Africa’s environmental right, but also by way of an analogy between the public trust doctrine and the common heritage of mankind principle as it presents itself in international environmental law. In doing so this article also explores the development of the doctrine in US law which in some respects has set the course for its application with respect to natural resources law.

  12. The state in the Eurasian doctrine

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    S N Lebedev

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The article considers the role of the state in the Eurasian doctrine, one of the most distinctive and significant movements of the Russian sociological and political-philosophical thought abroad in the 1920-1930’s. The issues addressed by the Eurasians are still relevant under the current epoch of the new Russian statehood construction and to a certain extent are implemented in the contemporary political practice. According to the classical Eurasian doctrine, all nations of “Russia-Eurasia” are united by the “place of development” and constitute a single historical and socio-cultural world, which organically combines elements of the East and the West. The Eurasian doctrine of the state proclaims the idea of strong government and powerful state, which represents the interests of the people and maintains direct connections with its citizens by combining the law and justice principles with the norms of morality, welfare and conscience. The article examines the key Eurasian concept “ideocratic state” and the essential characteristics of the Eurasian concept of the state system, such as ideocracy, autarchy, idea-ruler, and ruling selection. The key state-forming concept is “Pan-Eurasian nationalism” interpreted by the Eurasians as an archetype of ideology, a basis of the national idea. The authors consider basic principles of the socio-economic structure of the Eurasian state, including active participation of the state in the economic life of the country, the coexistence of public and private properties. According to the Eurasian doctrine, the state-planned economy and the state regulation of culture form the foundations of autarchic states that protect the country from economic and humanitarian intervention. The authors come to the conclusion that Eurasian theory of the state can significantly enrich nowadays scientific theory and help to solve the tasks of modernization of the Russian society at the present stage for it takes

  13. Medical Doctrine - Are We Really Joint

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Siniscalchi, Kimberly

    1997-01-01

    ... 4.02, Doctrine for Health Service Support in Joint Operations, is analyzed to determine if it provides adequate guidance for seamless health service support in joint operations for war and contingencies other than war...

  14. Unpacking the public trust doctrine: a journey into foreign territory

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Administrator

    familias. Through the concept of "public trusteeship", a stewardship ethic has been ... See also De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd v Ataqua Mining (Pty) Ltd Case ... trust doctrine as a "tool for political losers or for those seeking to avoid the costs of .... public interest – the use of lands subject to the public trust doctrine could be.

  15. Establishing Cyber Warfare Doctrine

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    Andrew M. Colarik

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Over the past several decades, advances in technology have transformed communications and the ability to acquire, disseminate, and utilize information in a range of environments. Modern societies and their respective militaries have taken advantage of a robust information space through network-centric systems. Because military and commercial operations have increasingly converged, communication and information infrastructures are now high-priority military objectives in times of war. This article examines the theoretical underpinning of current cyber warfare research, what we have learned so far about its application, and some of the emerging themes to be considered; it also postulates the development of a (national cyber warfare doctrine (CWD. An endeavor of this scale requires lots of considerations and preparation for its development if it is to be cooperatively embraced. This article considers why information technology systems and their supporting infrastructures should be considered legitimate military targets in conflicts, and offers several events that support this supposition. In addition, it identifies the various forms of doctrine that will become the basis for developing a CWD, discusses a CWD's possible components, and proposes a national collaborative and discussion framework for obtaining a nation's stakeholder buy-in for such an endeavor.

  16. The Evolution of Peace Operations Doctrine

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Lovelock, Richard

    2002-01-01

    .... Capable warfighting forces must operate among the people, using the guidelines provided by maneuverist doctrine and adapted to local conditions to enable the military, in cooperation with the police, to find (locate), fix (control or shape...

  17. The Doctrine of Eternal Recurrence and its significance with respect ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ... the psychological implications of the doctrine – I aim to show that by proposing the Doctrine as the ultimate test for the highest affirmation of life, Nietzsche also provides part of what he takes to be the solution to the threat of both the impending nihilism and the inhibiting current morality of his age as he discusses them in ...

  18. Ukraine's Foreign Policy: from Military Doctrine to Defense Security One

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Александр Иванович Кузьмук

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The article considers the problem of reforming and developing Ukraine’s Armed Forces on the basis of the analysis of the key provisions of the Strategic defense bulletin adopted in 2012. The author proposes the ways of solving this problem and substantiates the transition in the defense planning from the military doctrine to the doctrine of Ukraine’s security and defense.

  19. Modernism and catholic political doctrine

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    Henry T. Sardaryan

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The article studies the perception of Modernism by the Catholic Church as a movement within the clerical structure and philosophy that existed during the 19-20th centuries in the framework of general skepticism and rejection of tradition, prioritization of individualism, formal equality, faith in inevitability of social, scientific and technological progress, rationalization and professionalization. A distinctive feature of this movement is the participation of the priests themselves, especially in France and Italy. The object of research is the Catholic political doctrine during the pontificate of Pius X. Modernist movement in Catholicism, in opinion of many scientists had a decisive impact on the reform direction during the Second Vatican Council, but on closer study of the discourse that took place in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, it becomes obvious that this is not true. The focus of the article is the political doctrine of Catholicism - the issue of state political structure, its relationship with church institutions, status of the individual in societyc. In this regard, the modernists gave priority to necessity of secularization and complete separation of secular and spiritual power. In the article different scientifical methods, ave used such as dialectical, logical, comparative, systematic. The main conclusion of the author is that modernism should be regarded as an unsuccessful attempt to reform the Catholic Church that could have lead to its another schism, rather than a route towards the Second Vatican Council. The desire to change the structure, methods of church mission, its hierarchy and a number of other formal elements – was implemented by church itself for multiple times before. However, revision of the foundations of Christian ethics and its ontology, including its political doctrine, ran into resistance of the Holy See, causing, in essence, a rhetorical question - whether scientific and technical progress should

  20. The Doctrine of Quasi-Mutual Assent - Has it become the General ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Based on the aim of the incorporation of the doctrine in our law, coupled with its application in previous court decisions, it is concluded that its application in the case of Pillay v Shaik was wrong and sets a bad precedent. KEYWORDS: formation of contracts; doctrine of quasi-mutual assent; prescribed mode of acceptance; ...

  1. Four moments from US foreign policy doctrine: Between theory and the practice?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Tovar Ruiz

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Doctrines and strategies in international politics represent one of the most interesting elements for the discipline of international relations as a point of connection between theory and practice. An analysis of four of the great doctrines of US foreign policy (two of them realist, i.e those of Truman and Nixon, and two idealist, those of Clinton and Bush Jr and their historical development lead us to the conclusion that these doctrines are capable of changing reality and creating lasting instruments for applying to very different contexts, reaching even the present day (for example, containment, the domino theory and “Vietnamization”. We must bear in mind, however, the need for these doctrines to meet the criteria ofpragmatism and flexibility, prudence and self restriction, and for them to accept the institutional and moral limits of the societies on which they are established.

  2. Homeland Security: Developing National Doctrine to Guide State Strategy Development

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-01

    James Monroe in 1823 ( Martin , n.d.). There is also political doctrine, such as egalitarianism a “political doctrine that holds that all people...be able to engage a larger stakeholder community and avoid the need for a huge new bureaucracy (Linde, O’Brien, Lindstrom , Spiegeleire, Vayrynen...Presentation, Osan Air Force Base, South Korea. 74 Linde, E., O’Brien, K., Lindstrom , G., Spiegeleire, S., Vayrynen, M., & de Vries, H. (2002

  3. Features of Islamic Health-Treatment Doctrine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali Reza Alinouri

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Islam has particular style and doctrine about health and treatment that makes it different from other treatment methods. The aim of this article is studying the principles and methods of Islamic health treatment and the attitudes of this religion toward appearance of disease caused by material or immaterial factors. This article is review type and it is presented by descriptive analysis method from religious sources. Islam is a religion which is oriented towards health with health-treatment features, priority of prevention over treatment by reforming nutritional principles, tolerance of disease and avoidance of taking medicine if the disease is not sever, paying attention to spiritual causes of illness in addition to physical factors and necessity of treatment as a Divine Will and avoidance of treatment by Haraam because God has not placed healing in Haraam. These features have made Islamic health - treatment doctrine as unique.

  4. The evolution of American nuclear doctrine 1945-1980: from massive retaliation to limited nuclear war

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Richani, N [Public Administration Dpt. American Univ. of Beirut (Lebanon)

    1983-12-31

    This thesis attempts to demonstrate the evolutionary character of American nuclear doctrine from the beginning of the nuclear age in 1945 until 1980. It also aims at disclosing some of the most important factors that contributed to the doctrine`s evolution, namely, technological progress and developments in weaponry and the shifts that were taking place in the correlation of forces between the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States. The thesis tries to establish the relation, if any, between these two variables (technology and balance of forces) and the evolution of the doctrine from Massive Retaliation to limited nuclear war. There are certainly many other factors which influenced military doctrine, but this thesis focuses on the above mentioned factors. touching on others when it was thought essential.The thesis concludes by trying to answer the question of whether the purpose of the limited nuclear war doctrine is to keep the initiative in US hands, that is putting itself on the side with the positive purpose, or not. Refs.

  5. Doctrinal controversies and ecumenical councils | Ogbonnaya ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This work focused on the doctrinal controversies that have confronted the Church in the course of its development and the accompanying councils that sought to resolve these theological controversies. The paper did this historically, by showing the origin of the problems, the factors and features involved in the controversies ...

  6. Kant’s Doctrine of Right. A Commentary

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas Mertens

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2013v12n2p355 Review of: B. Sharon Byrd and Joachim Hruschka, Kant’s Doctrine of Right. A Commentary (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010 336 p.

  7. Mens Rea and Methamphetamine: High Time for a Modern Doctrine Acknowledging the Neuroscience of Addiction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cusick, Meredith

    2017-04-01

    In American criminal law, actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea, "an act does not make one guilty, without a guilty mind." Both actus reus and mens rea are required to justify criminal liability. The Model Penal Code's (MPC) section on culpability has been especially influential on mens rea analysis. An issue of increasing importance in this realm arises when an offensive act is committed while the actor is under the influence of drugs. Several legal doctrines address the effect of intoxication on mental state, including the MPC, limiting or eliminating its relevance to the mens rea analysis. Yet these doctrines do not differentiate between intoxication and addiction. Neuroscience research reveals that drug addiction results in catastrophic damage to the brain resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits. Methamphetamine addiction is of particular interest to criminal law because it causes extensive neural destruction and is associated with impulsive behavior, violent crime, and psychosis. Furthermore, research has revealed important distinctions between the effects of acute intoxication and addiction. These findings have implications for the broader doctrine of mens rea and, specifically, the intoxication doctrines. This Note argues for the adoption of an addiction doctrine that acknowledges the effect of addiction on mens rea that is distinct from doctrines of intoxication.

  8. The evolution of American nuclear doctrine 1945-1980: from massive retaliation to limited nuclear war

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Richani, N.

    1983-01-01

    This thesis attempts to demonstrate the evolutionary character of American nuclear doctrine from the beginning of the nuclear age in 1945 until 1980. It also aims at disclosing some of the most important factors that contributed to the doctrine's evolution, namely, technological progress and developments in weaponry and the shifts that were taking place in the correlation of forces between the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States. The thesis tries to establish the relation, if any, between these two variables (technology and balance of forces) and the evolution of the doctrine from Massive Retaliation to limited nuclear war. There are certainly many other factors which influenced military doctrine, but this thesis focuses on the above mentioned factors. touching on others when it was thought essential.The thesis concludes by trying to answer the question of whether the purpose of the limited nuclear war doctrine is to keep the initiative in US hands, that is putting itself on the side with the positive purpose, or not. Refs

  9. The evolution of the doctrine of restraint of trade in Australia: a law reform perspective

    OpenAIRE

    Cheng, John Wei-Ting

    2017-01-01

    This thesis examines the present state of the common law doctrine of restraint of trade from a law reform perspective. The doctrine was developed in England between the 1600s and mid-1800s and its evolution over the centuries has been a slow and ongoing process. The present state of the doctrine and its application in the Australian jurisdiction presents a challenging set of circumstances due to the difficulties faced by contracting parties when they wish to engage in restraint of trade. ...

  10. Operational Initiative in Theory and Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-05-21

    in terms of the offense. French General Pierre-Joseph de Bourcet, Napoleon Bonaparte , US Colonel Gustave Fiebeger, and Sun Tzu described initiative...1994), vii. 42 Napoleon Bonaparte , Napoleon’s Maxims of War, trans. George Charles D’Aguilar (Richmond, VA: West & Johnson, 1862), 10. 43...Counterinsurgency and Contingency Operations Doctrine: 1860- 1941. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1998. Bonaparte , Napoleon . Napoleon’s

  11. Insult in Context: Incorporating Speech Act Theory in Doctrinal Legal Analysis of Interpretative Discussions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    H.T.M. Kloosterhuis (Harm)

    2015-01-01

    textabstractIn this article, I want to show that some doctrinal problems of legal interpretation and argumentation can be analysed in a more precise way than a standard doctrinal analysis, when we use insights from speech act theory and argumentation theory. Taking a discussion about the accusation

  12. The doctrine of providence in the Institutes of Calvin – still relevant?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C.F.C. Coetzee

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available In the reformed tradition and theology, the doctrine of provi- dence has always been important and relevant, so much so that it forms an integral part of the reformed confessions. At the same time some of the most difficult theological questions are raised regarding this doctrine, questions like the following: Is God in control of everything? What is the relationship between the providence of God and sin, suffering, man’s responsibility, et cetera? In our times the doctrine as such is questioned or even rejected. What makes this topic even more important is the commemoration of the publication of Darwin’s book, “The origin of species”, coupled with the renewed emphasis on Darwinism, evolutionism and atheism.1 From the perspective of the Calvinistic-reformed theology and in the light of the com- memoration of Calvin’s birth 500 years ago, it is important to determine the relevance of Calvin’s thoughts on a number of important issues in the current debate, e.g. the doctrine on God, providence and creation, sin, suffering, et cetera. It is also determined that Calvin’s thoughts are reflected in the reformed confessions, which is still the living faith of reformed churches all over the world.

  13. Special Operations Doctrine: Is it Needed

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-12-07

    AOB), eight Special Forces Operational Detachment-Alphas (SFODAs)2, and Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations teams working alongside two bat...Operations doctrine. Sixty years after the Army’s first special operations units were formed, the time had arrived for writing how Army special operations...Affairs, Psychological Operations, and Special Forces, the effort inte- grated the roles and missions of the Ranger Regiment, Special Mission Units, and

  14. An exploration of warfighting and firefighting doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Michael T. DeGrosky; Alen Slijepcevic

    2015-01-01

    Over the past two decades, wildland fire professionals have been confronted with worsening conditions and complex challenges that cry out for change and new ways of thinking. However, change requires a framework within which people reliably translate policy into timely, effective action. Doctrine, or a body of teachings, instructions, taught principles, or positions,...

  15. Novel naval technologies: Sustaining or disrupting naval doctrine

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    te Kulve, Haico; Smit, Willem A.

    2010-01-01

    The defense sector is generally known to be simultaneously conservative and enthusiastic about novel technologies. Uptake of new technologies by the military may differ depending on the perceived impact of new technologies. Introduction of technological changes can sustain or disrupt doctrine and

  16. Technology and Military Doctrine. Essays on a Challenging Relationship

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Holley, I

    2004-01-01

    .... In these essays, Holley primarily addresses the need for the Air Force to adapt its doctrine and the processes of formulating and disseminating that guidance as the technology of air and space warfare improves. Dr...

  17. The Eisenhower Doctrine and its Implementation in Lebanon - 1958

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Wilson, David

    2002-01-01

    In May 1958, President Camille Chamoun of Lebanon sent an urgent cable to U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower requesting military aid under the terms of the Eisenhower Doctrine, to put down civil unrest in Lebanon...

  18. Repugnancy Doctrine and Customary Law in Nigeria: A Positive ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Nekky Umera

    Keywords: customary law, repugnancy doctrine, British colonialism. Introduction ... When the British arrived, they met about 350 different tribal or independent ... socialization: social learning theory, cognitive developmental theory and symbolic ... codes, which protected citizens from arbitrary rule. As the boundaries.

  19. Water and the public trust doctrine – a South African perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elmarie van der Schyff

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available The legal principles concerning rights to water have been changed considerably by the provisions of the National Water Act 36 of 1998. The National Water Act aims to redistribute water rights to previously disadvantaged people and communities by the introduction and application of a public trust doctrine to South African natural resources law. It is proposed that these legislative measures will ensure that water as a natural resource will be used to the benefit of the nation as a whole. However, the practical application of the public trust doctrine needs to be analysed, especially with the view of determining the actual benefits to poor and deprived people.

  20. A Doctrine Reader: The Navies of United States, Great Britain France, Italy, and Spain (Newport Paper, Number 9)

    Science.gov (United States)

    1995-12-01

    Indeed, professional writings in the United States have noted this parallel between doctrine and religion .29 As in other navies, doctrine was not the...Spanish Navy) , "La clctica," in Espana y el Mar en el siglo de Carlos llI, 1 989, p. 77. 13 . John D. Harnron, Tr.yalgar and the Spanish Navy (Annapolis...organization. Doctrine, therefore, can be either fmnly prescriptive, as in religion or in a political ideology, or basically descriptive. As a complex of

  1. U-CrAc Flexible Interior Doctrine, Agile Learning Environments

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Poulsen, Søren Bolvig; Rosenstand, Claus Andreas Foss

    2012-01-01

    The research domain of this article is flexible learning environment for immediate use. The research question is: How can the learning environment support an agile learning process? The research contribution of this article is a flexible interior doctrine. The research method is action research...

  2. Meta-Analysis of Data from the Submarine Ventilation Doctrine Test Program

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Hoover, J

    1998-01-01

    .... The Submarine Ventilation Doctrine Test Program was developed to address submarine-specific issues regarding the use of ventilation systems to control smoke and heat movement, maintain habitability...

  3. Mortgages, seniors and the common law contractual doctrine of mental incapacity in Australia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burns, Fiona

    2011-01-01

    Seniors in Australia are being called upon to mortgage their most precious economic asset, the family home. They may be asked to guarantee the liabilities of other family members by providing a mortgage-based guarantee or they may decide to enter into a reverse mortgage to supplement financially their savings and pensions. As the family home is the single most valuable asset for most older Australians, the creation of any obligations in regard to it ought to be undertaken with care and vigilance. While seniors are free to create mortgage, they may lack the capacity to understand the legal ramifications of these complex transactions or be unable to protect their interests when entering into them. It is not suggested that older Australians necessarily suffer a lack of contractual capacity. Many seniors are more than able to take care of their interests and assets. However, some seniors do suffer cognitive impairment which adversely affects their capacity to act in their best interests and to navigate the complexities of contractual relations. In contract and mortgage law, this raises the issue of mental incapacity. For centuries, the common law has recognized not only that mentally incapacitated people exist, but that they may enter into contracts such as mortgage and may later wish to have the mortgage set aside. The present formulation of the contractual doctrine of mental incapacity is the product of 19th century jurisprudence in which the courts framed the doctrine to accommodate commercial dealing rather than the interests of persons who lacked the necessary mental capacity. Accordingly, the doctrine has been very difficult to rely on successfully when challenging mortgages made by persons lacking capacity. Therefore, Australian litigators and courts alike have sought to deal with mental incapacity issues in the contractual context by using and modifying other doctrines (such as non est factum, undue influence and unconscionable dealing) in which the issue of

  4. Heterodox Autonomy Doctrine: realism and purposes, and its relevance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Bernal-Meza

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The Autonomy Doctrine, elaborated by Juan Carlos Puig, is a realist point of view of International Relations. It is an analysis, from the periphery, about the structure of world power, and a roadmap (from a theoretical point of view for the longing process of autonomization-regarding hegemonic power-for a country whose ruling class would decide to overcome dependency. The elements its author took into account when analyzing its own context are explained in this text and, afterwards, are reflected over its relevance nowadays. For that purpose, it is necessary to answer certain questions, such as which are the concepts and categories that may explain its relevance, its applicability to regional integration and cooperation models and projects, and what would be the analytical method to compare reality versus ideas, among others. The methodological proposal to analyze the relevance of Puig's doctrine is to compare it to different visions of regionalism that are currently in effect in Latin America.

  5. Prosecutions of Extraterritorial Criminal Conduct and the Abuse of Rights Doctrine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danielle Ireland-Piper

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Under international law, states can in certain circumstances institute domestic prosecutions over conduct occurring extraterritorially. Such exercises of extraterritorial jurisdiction sit at the crossroads of domestic and international law and can be highly controversial. This paper considers whether the abuse of rights doctrine is useful in regulating assertions of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction. Part I introduces the principles of extraterritorial jurisdiction under international law. Part II provides examples of some of the problems that can arise in domestic prosecutions of extraterritorial criminal conduct, compromising the ability of an individual to enjoy a fair trial. Part III considers the effectiveness of the abuse of rights doctrine in providing a paradigm through which to conceptualise these problems and help protect fair trial rights.

  6. Nuclear weapons and NATO operations: Doctrine, studies, and exercises

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karber, P.A.

    1994-01-01

    A listing of papers is presented on the doctrine, studies, and exercises dealing with nuclear weapons and NATO operations for the period 1950-1983. The papers deal with studies on massive retaliation, sword and shield, and flexible response. Some of the enduring issues of nuclear weapons in NATO are listed

  7. The “Essential Practice of Religion” Doctrine in India and its application in Pakistan and Malaysia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valentina Rita Scotti

    2016-02-01

    Therefore, the present essay discusses the interpretation of constitutional provisions by the Supreme Court of India in order to introduce the essential elements doctrine as well as its application by the Pakistani and Malaysian Courts with the aim to asses, relying on the theory of cross-fertilization, whether they merely imported the doctrine or adapted it to the national contexts

  8. Development of a measure of college students' adherence to religious doctrine concerning sexual behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Victor, Elizabeth C; Bowman, Hilary; Thompson, Robert J

    2015-01-01

    The authors developed a 14-item measure of adherence to religious doctrine concerning sexual behavior (ARDSB). The ARDSB psychometric properties were investigated to better understand religious motivations associated with changes in sexual behavior that may provide support for sexual health promotion and prevention programs. Four hundred eighty-three undergraduates aged 18 to 26. Data were collected from an online survey during the 2012-2013 academic school year. Principle components factor analysis identified 2 factors: reasons to break religious doctrine and reasons to adhere to religious doctrine concerning sexual behavior. The subscales had good internal consistency. Correlations, t tests, and analyses of variance of the subscales with measures of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and self-reported sexual behavior and risk provide support for concurrent validity. The ARDSB could be employed as a measure to better understand sexual behavior; it is inexpensive and relatively easy to employ in both research and campus ministry settings.

  9. Hughlings Jackson and the "doctrine of concomitance": mind-brain theorising between metaphysics and the clinic.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chirimuuta, M

    2017-09-11

    John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) is a major figure at the origins of neurology and neuroscience in Britain. Alongside his contributions to clinical medicine, he left a large corpus of writing on localisation of function in the nervous system and other theoretical topics. In this paper I focus on Jackson's "doctrine of concomitance"-his parallelist theory of the mind-brain relationship. I argue that the doctrine can be given both an ontological and a causal interpretation, and that the causal aspect of the doctrine is especially significant for Jackson and his contemporaries. I interpret Jackson's engagement with the metaphysics of mind as an instance of what I call meta-science-the deployment by scientists of metaphysical positions and arguments which help streamline empirical investigations by bracketing off unanswerable questions and focussing attention on matters amenable to the current tools of experimental research.

  10. Assess for Success: The Role of Doctrine in Effective Combat Assessment

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Bailey, Thomas

    2001-01-01

    ... and equipment unnecessarily at risk, Operations since then have not fared much better, This paper examines the "BDA problem" in some detail, focusing on the current military doctrine that has evolved in recent...

  11. Fighting Fires with Fire - An Airman's Perspective on the Development of Joint Publication 3-09, Doctrine for Joint Fire Support

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Vittori, Jay

    1999-01-01

    This study is an Air Force doctrinaire's account of the development of Joint Publication 3-09, Doctrine for Joint Fire Support, the most controversial joint military doctrine publication ever produced...

  12. Improving US Theater Nuclear Doctrine. A Critical Analysis,

    Science.gov (United States)

    1983-01-01

    the Armed Forces Staff College. In addition to these monographs, the NDU Press publishes the National Security Essay Series, books , issue pa- pers... secondhand or thirdhand. He then lacks responsiveness to deal with changes there. 11 US Doctrine Has a Defensive Bias. The defensive bias of US nuclear...security. The research results, normally published in monographs, issue papers, or books , are made available to cognizant Government officials and

  13. Unpacking the Public Trust Doctrine: A Journey into Foreign Territory

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E van der Schyff

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The past decade has borne witness to the transformation of South Africa's natural resources law with the introduction of a new legal concept, that of "public trusteeship", to South African jurisprudence. The concept of "public trusteeship" as it is embodied in South African legislation encapsulates the sovereign's duty to act as guardian of certain interests to the benefit of the nation as a whole. In the quest to demystify the incorporation of the concept of "public trusteeship" in South Africa, this article, as a first tentative step, focuses solely on the public trust doctrine as it functions in American jurisprudence. It is the aim of this article to give a thorough theoretical exposition of the development and application of the public trust doctrine in American jurisprudence in order to provide the South African scholar with a perspective on a legal construct founded on the philosophical notion that governments exercise a "fiduciary trust" on behalf of their people.

  14. Evaluating the U.S. Military's Development of Strategic and Operational Doctrine for Non-Lethal Weapons in a Complex Security Environment

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Ogawa, James S

    2003-01-01

    .... To date, no joint doctrinal guidance on NLWs has been published. As a result of a lack of NLWs doctrine, there is an increased risk that NLWs supporting activities develop inefficiently, haphazardly, and possibly ineffectively...

  15. THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW - WILL THE ROMANIAN DOCTRINE FINALLY CATCH UP WITH IT?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MONICA-FLORENTINA POPA

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Although a well-established presence on the international legal scene, the economic analysis of law is still an unfamiliar concept to most Romanian scholars. While worldwide, prestigious universities offer special courses on this topic and an impressive body of legal studies continues to add up, only scant traces of this important legal school can be detected in some recent Romanian doctoral thesis and papers. This article explores the main concepts of the economic analysis of law, the recent spin-offs of this theory, especially in the area of comparative law, as well as some of the critiques addressed in the legal doctrine, concerning the consequences on law of overemphasizing “efficiency” to the expense of less quantifiable, moral and social considerations. Some explanations on why the Romanian doctrine is lagging behind with respect to the economic analysis of law will also be attempted, together with a tentative answer to whether this major legal theory will ever make an impact on local doctrinal developments in the near future.

  16. The doctrine of piercing the corporate veil: Its legal and judicial ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    , it is found that Ethiopian company law, though not sufficient, provides some clear grounds of piercing the corporate veil and certain possible grounds which may call for the application of the doctrine. It is also argued that Ethiopian courts ...

  17. An Approach to Operational Analysis: Doctrinal Task Decomposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-08-04

    Once the unit is selected , CATS will output all of the doctrinal collective tasks associated with the unit. Currently, CATS outputs this information...Army unit are controlled data items, but for explanation purposes consider this simple example using a restaurant as the unit of interest. Table 1...shows an example Task Model for a restaurant using language and format similar to what CATS provides. Only 3 levels are shown in the example, but

  18. Proposed Doctrine Based Structure of the Armored Reconnaissance Squadron

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-06-09

    squadron. A new structure was proposed based on the deduced required capabilities, utilizing organizational theory and current army practices. This...squadron, which now puts greater emphasis on this analysis to link structure to doctrinally based task. Organizational Theory Since earliest...expect to find capability based discourse; there is a lack of proposed structure based on capability, task or equipment . The Armour Bulletin serves

  19. Moral Law in the doctrine of Zaratushtra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rasulova T. S.

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available the article is dedicated to one of the important problem of the morals and morality of the human society, and necessity of upbringing young people in the traditional family values. The morals and morality laws are considering on the example of the Zaratushtra’s doctrine, who according to the old legend, was one of the first prophets, bringing the idea of the monotheism to the earth. The famous triad of Zaratushtra about good thought, good word and good deed continues to be a morality pointer for all contemporary mankind.

  20. United States v. Levin: entrapment by estoppel doctrine applied in Medicare reimbursement context.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaw, P W; Griffith, R A

    1993-01-01

    The decision in Levin reaffirms that health care providers should be entitled to rely in good faith on official interpretations and representations by authorized government officials as to the propriety of their conduct under the Medicare program. Although the doctrine of entrapment by estoppel was developed as a due process defense to a criminal prosecution, the fundamental notions of fairness underlying the doctrine should be applicable as well as in a civil action. Thus, the defense of entrapment by estoppel should be available, for example, in the context of civil health care reimbursement recoupment audits, where a provider has acted in reliance on the interpretation of a statute or regulation by the appropriate administrative agency charged with its enforcement.

  1. The Secret of Future Defeat: The Evolution of US Joint and Army Doctrine 1993-2006 and the Flawed Conception of Stability Operations

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-05-24

    The Secret of Future Defeat: the Evolution of US Joint and Army Doctrine 1993-2006 and the Flawed Conception of Stability Operations A...4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Secret of Future Defeat: the Evolution of US Joint and 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Army Doctrine 1993-2006 and the Flawed... The Secret of Future Defeat: the Evolution of US Joint and Army Doctrine 1993-2006 and the Flawed Conception of Stability Operations Approved by

  2. Public trust doctrine, research and responsible wildlife management in South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrew C. Blackmore

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available A significant proportion of South African biodiversity occurs in extensive private wildlife areas. As such, the continuance of these private reserves is paramount to conservation of the country’s biodiversity. The areas are, however, vulnerable to being divided into smaller camps as landowners enter into the new and rapidly growing industry of selective breeding and intensive management of antelope and predators. Concerns are being raised as to the long-term consequences of the products and impacts of this industry on, inter alia, integrity and conservation of the country’s wildlife, and the landscapes these facilities are located in, as well as the country’s reputation as a free ranging and fair chase hunting destination. Using the public trust doctrine as a foundation, this article characterises the relationship between the country’s environmental law and the roles played by government as the regulator, the wildlife industry, research and the public in achieving responsible wildlife management and the long-term conservation of this resource. These relationships are seen to be finely balanced between the provision of robust science, and evidence-based and cautious or risk-averse decision-making. It is concluded that the public trust doctrine is a powerful tool to limit the impacts of unsustainable and parochial use of wildlife on the conservation of biodiversity. It is also concluded that an improved understanding of the doctrine by researchers, public and the wildlife industry would lead to a greater relevance of research, and in turn sound evidence-based decision-making and ultimately sustainable use of wildlife.

  3. The Global-Market Doctrine: A Study in Fundamentalist Theology. The Iconoclast.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McMurty, John

    1997-01-01

    Presents an interesting metaphorical critique of the current enthusiasm for the global market and the free market system. Delineates 10 defining principles of a fundamentalist theological doctrine and then suggests replacing the term "global market" with "Supreme Ruler." Criticizes free market capitalism as being occasionally…

  4. The doctrine of joint criminal action in the ad hoc tribunals and its scope in the Rome Statute

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miren Odriozola-Gurrutxaga

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The first judgment of the International Criminal Court has confirmed that article 25 (3 of the Rome Statute adopts the theory of control of the act to distinguish between principals and accessories. On the contrary, since 2003, the ad hoc tribunals’ case law bases the notion of co-perpetration on the Joint Criminal Enterprise doctrine, using a subjective criterion approach. In this article we will first analyze the problems raised by that case law of the ad hoc tribunals, and then, we will study the article of the Rome Statute which apparently most resembles the Joint Criminal Enterprise doctrine: article 25 (3 (d. The article concludes that none of the three categories of that doctrine is included in the said provision.

  5. Identity Crisis between the Wars: How Doctrine Shaped the Marine Corps after World War I and Vietnam

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-06-21

    central idea of an army . . . which to be sound must be based on the principles of war, and which to be effective must be elastic enough to admit...existing definitions of effective doctrine, and considers the role doc- trine played in shaping Service culture in the Marine Corps using the landing...its role in national defense, in part, because of a streamlined, centrally directed writing process. While each doctrine was written in response to

  6. Validity test of purchasing power parity doctrine: An Indonesian case study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sahabudin Sidiq

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The goal of this study is to analyze the doctrine purchasing power parity (PPP in Indonesia with the case study of the rupiah exchange rate to U.S. dollar. The autoregressive is used to estimate the relationship between the change of exchange rate and the difference Indonesia–USA inflation rate. The data used in this study are quarterly data obtained from the International Financial Statistics (IFS and Bank Indonesia (BI with the period 1997Q4-2013Q4. The exchange rate that used in this study is using the rate on rupiah to U S dollar. The price data used consumer price index in Indonesia and the United States with a base year of 2000. The results of this study show, that rupiah to the U.S. dollar is undervalued during the free floating exchange rate system and, the PPP doctrine to the case of the rupiah to the U.S. dollar is not valid in the period of this study.

  7. Adiaphora en la Reforma protestante: ¿minimalismo doctrinal y neutralidad moral?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manfred Svensson

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El articulo presenta un análisis de la noción de cosas indiferentes (adiaphora en el contexto de la Reforma protestante. La literatura precedente sobre dicha noción en el contexto de la Reforma ha estado concentrada en el papel desempefiado por la misma en relación a la diversidad litdrgica. Aqui se aborda, en cambio, de modo primordial la cuestión de si acaso entre los reformadores hay una extensión de la noción de adiaphora al campo doctrinal y al moral.This article presents an analysis of the notion of indifferent things (adiaphora in the context of the Protestant Reformation. The previous literature on this notion in the context of the Reformation has focused on the role the Reformation has played with regard to liturgical diversity. Here, however, the focus is primarily on the question of whether among reformers there is an extension of the notion of adiaphora to the doctrinal and moral field.

  8. Contemporary Leadership and Doctrine: The Utility of Analyzing the Outcome of Thucydides' The Peloponnesian War Via Clausewitz's Concepts as Articulated in On War

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Slaughter, Aaron

    2001-01-01

    ... to the study of Thucydides. Additionally, this analysis demonstrates the danger of developing modern doctrine without considering relevant history and demonstrates the importance of leadership in relation to doctrine...

  9. Calvin’s modification of Augustine’s doctrine of original sin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Vorster

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Augustine was Calvin’s main source of reference in the “Insti- tutes”. However, his treatment of Augustine’s views was not uncritical. This article discusses the way in which Calvin modi- fied Augustine’s doctrine of original sin. The main differences can be attributed to different theological aims. Augustine deve- loped his doctrine of original sin against the teachings of the Manicheans and Pelagians, whereas Calvin shifted the focus to knowledge of God and the self. Calvin understood original sin noetically as religious and moral blindness – whereas Augus- tine viewed sexual concupiscence as the main principle of original sin. Augustine made a considerable effort to explain that sin does not find its origin in God. God foresaw the fall, but did not compel it. Calvin located sin in God’s eternal decree and permission. Augustine, furthermore, understood the transmis- sion of original sin biologically, whereas Calvin ascribed it to God’s eternal permissive will. These differences culminated in a different understanding of the meaning of Jesus’ virgin birth. The article concludes by discussing the relevance of Calvin’s noetic approach to original sin.

  10. Sustainable Markets Investment Briefings: the regulatory taking doctrine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cotula, Lorenzo

    2007-08-15

    This is the third of a series of briefings which discuss the sustainable development issues raised by legal arrangements for the protection of foreign investment. The briefings are based on legal research by IIED and its partners. The goal is to provide accessible but accurate information for human rights, development and environmental organisations working on issues raised by foreign investment in low- and middle-income countries. Briefing 3 introduces one of the most controversial legal doctrines of investment law – 'regulatory taking' – and sets out its implications for sustainable development.

  11. Activity know-how and doctrine of QC circle

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1976-09-15

    This books introduces activity know-how of QC circle giving descriptions of basic of QC circle activities, introduction operation and development and mind of QC circle activities, method for beginning of QC circle activity like, way order, motivation of introduction of QC circle activity, propel method of QC circle activities, such as leadership, brain storming, and rule of QC circle activity, management and propel method for improvement, development of QC circle activities. It also deals with doctrine of basic of QC circle, purpose, self improvement and group activity.

  12. Activity know-how and doctrine of QC circle

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1976-09-01

    This books introduces activity know-how of QC circle giving descriptions of basic of QC circle activities, introduction operation and development and mind of QC circle activities, method for beginning of QC circle activity like, way order, motivation of introduction of QC circle activity, propel method of QC circle activities, such as leadership, brain storming, and rule of QC circle activity, management and propel method for improvement, development of QC circle activities. It also deals with doctrine of basic of QC circle, purpose, self improvement and group activity.

  13. Enhancing network centric operations doctrine to support civil military cooperation in disaster management

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wolbers, J.J.; Beeres, R.; Bakx, G.; de Waard, E.; Rietjens, S.

    2016-01-01

    Network Centric Operations is a promising command doctrine in both military operations and during civil disaster management. As both sectors started intensifying their joint operational capacity through civil-military collaboration, it becomes increasingly relevant to address the different command

  14. Gains Based Remedies: the misguided search for a doctrine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tom Stafford

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available ADVANCE ACCESSIn this article Tom Stafford (Paralegal at Clyde & Co LLP examines the phenomenon of “Gains Based Remedies”. These are awards that, unlike classical damage awards which are calculated by reference to the loss suffered by the claimant, correlate to the gain made by the defendant. A couple of common examples include an account of profits for breach of trust claims, or the “disgorgement” damages that were awarded in AG v Blake. These awards are however available for a spectrum of varied wrongs. Their seeming lack of unity has often baffled commentators who have tried to search for an underpinning doctrine. One particularly renowned commentary is that of Professor Edelman’s, who suggests that these wrongs can be understood by being broken down into one of two categories: awards which seek to deter wrongdoing, and awards which reverse a wrongful transfer of value. The purpose of this article is to discuss the flaws of this view of the law, and to suggest that in fact, any search for a doctrinal underpinning to Gains Based Remedies is misguided. The cases in which these awards are granted have only one feature common to all: the claimant’s loss is, for whatever reason, difficult or impossible to assess. For that reason, the courts use the only other measure of the wrong available: the defendant’s gain.

  15. Trump's Doctrine and Climate Change: New Challenges for Global Governance

    OpenAIRE

    Contipelli, Ernani

    2017-01-01

    The present communication aims to discuss the main topics related to Trump’s Doctrine and its effects on the implementation of global governance to fight against Climate Change. To present the argument, first, we will analyze the relation between global governance and climate change, followed by a general view of the climate change by some Republican Party members, and finally, the current policies already put in place by President Trump

  16. The origin, development and a brief appraisal of the doctrine of the ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2013-03-12

    Mar 12, 2013 ... Faith Tabernacle Church', falls outside the focus of this work. The constitution of the CAC was drafted in 1942 ... Apostolic Church was originally called the Faith Tabernacle.' Again, Alokan's claim (1991:147) that the ..... poison with immunity and the ability to heal the sick. The. CAC Constitution and Doctrine ...

  17. Civil Liability And Indemnity For Moral Damage In Labour Law: Application Of The Doctrine Of Punitive Damages

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabete Geremias

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to explain and analyze the importance of the civil liability under labour law with particular emphasis on the application of the doctrine of "punitive damages" as a breakthrough for the development of Brazilian law in the field of solutions to real problems to the fundamental rights at work. The problem of the research is to identify the application of the doctrine of "punitive damages", its justification under the system of civil liability and, in particular, its applicability as a defense mechanism for fundamental rights at work. The research is descriptive and explanatory, documentary-bibliographical.

  18. Simulation for doctrine development and training: modelling the cognitive domain of the OODA loop

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Roodt, JHS

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Evaluation and Weapon Assignment (TEWA) at this level contain multiple threats and defensive force elements, taxing the cognitive abilities of the commander. Development of new doctrine and training simulators require systems that adequately reflect...

  19. A Historical Analysis of Basic Air Force Doctrine Education within the United States States Air Force Air Command and Staff College, 1947-1987.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1987-09-01

    doctrine, especially joint doctrine. Because of this we make mistakes. I believe that the Air Force needs to develop a formal doctrinallo education...jresenteo arguments for all three points of view, but ne was particularly critical of tne educacional system within tae United States military. He said tnat

  20. COIN Goes GLOCAL: Traditional COIN With a Global Perspective: Does the Current US Strategy Reflect COIN Theory, Doctrine and Principles

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-05-17

    COIN goes “ GLOCAL ”: Traditional COIN with a Global Perspective: Does the Current US Strategy Reflect COIN Theory, Doctrine and Principles? A...TITLE AND SUBTITLE COIN goes “ GLOCAL ”: Traditional COIN with a Global P ti D th C t US St t R fl t COIN 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Perspective: Does...Monograph: COIN goes “ GLOCAL ”: Traditional COIN with a Global Perspective: Does the Current US Strategy Reflect COIN Theory, Doctrine and Principles

  1. HIGH FOLIAR NITROGEN IN DESERT SHRUBS: AN IMPORTANT ECOSYSTEM TRAIT OR DEFECTIVE DESERT DOCTRINE?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nitrogen concentrations in green and senesced leaves of perennial desert shrubs were compiled from a worldwide literature search to test the validity of the doctrine that desert shrubs produce foliage and leaf litter much richer in nitrogen than that in the foliage of plants from...

  2. The Evolution and Demise of U.S. Tank Destroyer Doctrine in the Second World War

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Denny, Bryan

    2003-01-01

    This study examines the U.S. Army's use of tank destroyers in World War II, particularly the origins and evolution of tank destroyer doctrine, changes in training at the tank destroyer school at Camp Hood, and selection...

  3. Cognitive phase transitions in the cerebral cortex enhancing the neuron doctrine by modeling neural fields

    CERN Document Server

    Kozma, Robert

    2016-01-01

    This intriguing book was born out of the many discussions the authors had in the past 10 years about the role of scale-free structure and dynamics in producing intelligent behavior in brains. The microscopic dynamics of neural networks is well described by the prevailing paradigm based in a narrow interpretation of the neuron doctrine. This book broadens the doctrine by incorporating the dynamics of neural fields, as first revealed by modeling with differential equations (K-sets).  The book broadens that approach by application of random graph theory (neuropercolation). The book concludes with diverse commentaries that exemplify the wide range of mathematical/conceptual approaches to neural fields. This book is intended for researchers, postdocs, and graduate students, who see the limitations of network theory and seek a beachhead from which to embark on mesoscopic and macroscopic neurodynamics.

  4. Doctrine of Frustration of Contract in English, American and Iranian Law (Comparative Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Hadi Daraei

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Pacta sunt servanda” is one of the most fundamental principles in the common law and Iranian legal systems, which have been exposed to exceptions in the process of time. These exceptions are part of general doctrine of frustration. Iranians exceptions to this rule are named as “Ta`azzor” and “Ta`assor” rules. Doctrine of Frustration in Common law includes three subdivision theories: “impossibility of performance”, “frustration of purpose” and “impracticability” (hardship. All of these theories applied where a supervening event occurs. In English courts, only first two theories are accepted but third one is applicable in American courts. In imamieh Jurisprudence and Iranian law, “Ta`azzor” rule in most aspects is similar to Impossibility and “Ta`assor” rule is somehow like Impracticability. Some Iranian lawyers are said that we have no rule like “Frustration of Purpose” but I believe we can find traces of this theory in Imamieh jurisprudence and according which it is part of “Ta`azzor” rule.

  5. [The origin, diffusion and development of healing doctrines in medical history--exemplified by homeopathy].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schmidt, Josef M

    2007-01-01

    As a paradigmatic case study of the origin, spread, and development of medical systems, this paper investigates the 200-years history of homeopathy from different perspectives of medical history. On the basis of new research on Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), first, a concise and critical overview on the principles, explanations, and implications of his doctrine is presented. The historical, conceptual, and social background of the founder of homeopathy is then elaborated in terms of history of medicine, science, philosophy, sociology, culture, and ideas, as well as theory of science, theory of communication, and sociology of science. The process of the world wide spread of homeopathy is examined from different points of view, ranging from history of heroes, institutions, professionalisation, politics, economics, religion, and organisations to history of patients, perception, and semiotics. Finally, a comparative approach to the different development and status of homeopathy in different countries results in the extraction of a set of crucial variables, such as charismatic personage, influential patronage, economic sponsorship, political protection, media support, and patients' demand, which might explane a major part of these differences. Eventually, the notorious splits of homeopathy's doctrine suggest the idea that--in analogy to theory of evolution--a variety of concurrent strains (rather than one monolithic block) of a doctrine may prove to be a kind of advantage for survival. In conclusion, acceptance and relevance of medical systems are determined by many factors. Since external ones are usually outweighing internal ones, medical history may offer a broader and more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of their spread and development than clinical trials and scientific objection alone.

  6. Adolescent brain development and the mature minor doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silber, Tomas J

    2011-08-01

    The medical rights of minors have been questioned, especially due to information on adolescent brain development and studies on adolescent decision-making. This chapter briefly introduces the mature minor doctrine (MMD) and its history, justification, and practice and then presents some of the objections to the MMD. The article then highlights new knowledge about adolescent brain development (ABD) and what this may contribute to this debate and describes "hot cognition" and "cold cognition". It concludes by alerting the reader to the danger of making inappropriate use of the discoveries of brain science and proposing a prudent approach to adolescent consent and confidentiality, one that incorporates the new knowledge on ABD without "turning back the clock" on the medical rights of minors.

  7. The Evolution of Air and Nuclear Doctrine: The Theories that Shaped SIOP-62

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-06-01

    STUDIES AIR UNIVERSITY MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA JUNE 2016 DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited ii...recommendations including, in April 1956, advanced authorization to Air Defense Command to use nuclear-tipped Nike -Hercules surface-to-air missiles to...The Sources of Military Doctrine, 14-15. 58 nuclear strike.101 In response, the Secretary of Defense ordered deployment of Nike -Hercules

  8. Nuclear strategy: the doctrine of just war

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raman, Sudha

    2006-01-01

    It is essential that there be growth in a man's moral standing if he has to deal with the great powers given to him-the greatest being the power to destroy. The bequest of history, diplomacy and war is undeniably disconcerting for the evidence it provides on the role of morality, in life. A return to the ancient and forgotten art of moral reasoning, especially while formulating strategic policies, is de rigueur. The discovery of the nuclear weapons has indeed been serendipitous. And the environment in which one fashions the strategic doctrine for use of nuclear weapons is dynamic. The usefulness of these nuclear weapons is narrow and specific in that its sole purpose is to deter a nuclear attack. History has been witness to strategies been woven around this central theme of deterring a rival or enemy nation, in the process forgetting the existence of the moral threshold. Deterrence is a policy that fashions a situation whereby war can be limited if not averted. It rests on the capability of a nation to deter the enemy and ensure that the credibility of the threat is maintained and respected and employed when necessary. Nuclear weapons deter but there is the pursuit of the absolute means to seek foolproof deterrence. Herein lies the dilemma. The stakes involved in a nuclear war and the use of these weapons stimulate varied and worried debates. To justify a war, arguments tend to get grounded on 'justwar'. The doctrine of Just War is concerned not with what men did in war but what they ought to do or refrain from doing; the jus ad bellum or justification of war and the jus in bello or the limitation of war. The U.S. now stands as the sole 'super' power that is willing to use its military and technical might for a 'just cause'. This has only ensured that though the uniquely perilous results of the use of nuclear weapons have been understood, its use remains entrenched in the mind while future policy decisions are being made. And nuclear weapons 'explode the theory of

  9. Clinician, Society and Suicide Mountain: Reading Rogerian Doctrine of Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chinedum Amadi

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Carl Rogers has become a legendary personage in the mental health field. Rogers (1957 “has been cited in the literature over a thousandtimes, in professional writings originating in 36 countries” (Goldfried, 2007, p. 249. Clinicians in the behavioral health field (psychiatry, socialwork, counseling and psychology are exposed to his teachings about human behavior. Of all the ideas propagated by Rogers, the conceptof unconditional positive regard (UPR has been elevated to the level of a doctrine (Schmitt, 1980. What then is unconditional positive regard?How can clinicians be faithful to the demands of unconditional positive regard in the face of other competing realities such as threat of suicideor terrorism? This paper seeks to discuss the impossible nature of Rogers' UPR, highlighting its inherent linguistic contradiction. Sincepsychotherapy is culturally normative, the doctrine of unconditional positive regard negates this fundamental principle. In this article, the authortakes a critical look at the influence of American philosophy of education on Rogers – he was a product of his culture. Furthermore, this paperasserts that clinicians are guided by societal norms or “conditions” which regulate clinical practice, including unconditional positive regard(Gone, 2011.

  10. The Doctrine of Incommensurability in Paul Feyerabend. An Objection Against a Particular Conception of Scientific Rationality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresa Gargiulo

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Incommensurability has caused many controversies and debates. In these debates seems to be unanimous the interpretation of that doctrine as an objection to objectivity, realism and scientific progress. Now this is a narrow hermeneutical framework for understanding the intention of Paul Feyerabend when formulating his doctrine of incommensurability. Because he was never intended to challenge such notions in themselves but only to show how vain turns out to be the neo-positivism and Popperian rationalism´s attempt to define them. In a positive sense we argue that incommensurability, according to Paul Feyerabend, prevents or impedes when we comes to define those notions return to dialectical of logical positivism or critical rationalism. Our intention in this paper is to present his thesis of incommensurability as a challenge to a particular way of conceiving scientific rationality and its consequent notions of objectivity, progress and scientific realism.

  11. Resenha de: Sidney Webb and East Africa: Lavour's Experiment with the doctrine of Native Paramountoy.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antônia Fernanda de Almeida Wright

    1965-03-01

    Full Text Available GREGORY (Robert G.. — Sidney Webb and East Africa. Lavour's' Experiment with the doctrine of Native Paramountoy. University of California Publications in History. Vol. 72, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1962. Publicação simultânea da Cambridge University Press, London, 1962.

  12. The Recourse to War: An Appraisal of the ’Weinberger Doctrine’

    Science.gov (United States)

    1989-06-01

    desirability) of a recourse to war in certain circumstances, rejecting thereby both the unqualified abstentionism of the pacifist and the unbridled... THE RECOURSE TO WAR:0 N AN APPRAISAL OF THE "WEINBERGER DOCTRINE" Alan Ned Sabrosky Robert L. Sloane DTIC S ELECTE JUN 2 3 1969 JD c Stratogic...ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT𔃽 CATALOG NUMBER ACN 88011 1 4. TITLE (and Subtills) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED The Recourse to War: An Appraisal of

  13. An Internationally Intelligible Principle: Comparing the Nondelegation Doctrine in the United States and European Union

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grodin Edward

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available This article analyzes the degree of convergence between the United States and the European Union regarding the structural role of administrative agencies. As will be argued, the United States and European Union have arrived at the same broad conclusion about a “nondelegation doctrine”: delegations to administrative agencies should be permitted so long as some limiting principle governs the exercise of that power and allows for sufficient judicial review. However, the Supreme Court has taken a more permissive approach than the Court of Justice in defining the limiting principle. The United States has loosened the reins for the sake of modern administration while the European Union has maintained a firmer grip to keep better control over the Europeanization project. Stated another way, the nondelegation doctrine is simply a reflection of the systems’ relative levels of integration. Thus, the nondelegation doctrine will be stretched in Europe as functional regulatory demands arise from wider and deeper integration. At the same time, the focus will be redirected from substantive limits to procedural controls; accordingly, this Note advocates for a European Administrative Procedure Act.

  14. Controlled by the Corporate Narrative: Obama's Education Policy, the Shock Doctrine, and Mechanisms of Capitalist Power

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lea, Virginia

    2011-01-01

    This article aims to illuminate how and why public schools have been sustained and/or strengthened as hierarchical, inequitable, and undemocratic sites that serve the corporate capitalist state. In doing so, the author draws on three theoretical ideas: the "shock doctrine," described vividly by Naomi Klein (2007); "critical…

  15. Delictual Negligence of Educators in Schools: The Confusing Influence of the "in loco parentis" Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Potgieter, Johan

    2004-01-01

    This article points out that the "in loco parentis" maxim is partly to blame for introducing the confusing "reasonable parent" doctrine as the test for delictual negligence of educators in the school context. It is argued that the standard of care exercised by parents over their children is not appropriate to determine the negligence of educators.…

  16. Theory of defamation in the doctrine of honor and dignity protection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Komissarova E.G.

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A significant growth of interest in the issue of protection of honor and dignity as personal intangible benefits is recently caused by two key acts: Federal Law of July 2, 2013 N 142 “On amendments to subsection 3 of section I of the first part of the RF Civil Code” and decision of the RF Constitutional Court of July 9, 2013 N 18 “On the case about verification of the constitutionality of the provisions of paragraphs 1, 5, 6 of Article 152 of the RF Civil Code in connection with the complaint of a citizen E.V. Krylov”. Further humanization of the civil law, its corresponding with human rights, as well as legislator’s wish to eliminate the backlog in regulations of relations on the protection of personal intangible benefits are obvious. The ongoing legislative changes became associated with the theory of defamation. A lot of defamation terms, relating to personal intangible benefits and characterizing the corresponding behavior, tort, doctrine, offence, appeared in the Russian jurisprudence. The phrase “defamation law” is more frequently used, but its logical-semantic boundaries, methodological guidelines and branch are not yet clear. Most of the provisions of the defamation theory are taken for granted, while the theory itself dates back to pre-revolutionary (bourgeois – for the Soviet jurisprudence law and is undergoing a significant transformation currently. The need for theoretical elaboration of the defamation doctrine as applied to the new conditions of its practical application is substantiated. Therefore the necessary methodological guidelines are considered in the article.

  17. THE DOCTRINE OF QUASI-MUTUAL ASSENT - HAS IT BECOME THE GENERAL RULE FOR THE FORMATION OF CONTRACTS? THE CASE OF PILLAY v SHAIK 2009 4 SA 74 (SCA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Puseletso Thejane (Rankoane

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The doctrine of quasi-mutual assent is undoubtedly part of our South African law and has been affirmed and applied in a number of leading decisions. The purpose of this note is to offer a critical analysis of the application of the doctrine in the case of Pillay v Shaik 2009 4 SA 74 (SCA. It is argued that the primary basis of contractual liability in South Africa has always been and still remains consensus ad idem as determined in terms of the rules relating to offer and acceptance It is also argued that the doctrine is not an answer to failure by the parties to comply with self-imposed formalities and/or the prescribed manner of acceptance of an offer for the valid formation of contracts. Based on the aim of the incorporation of the doctrine in our law, coupled with its application in previous court decisions, it is concluded that its application in the case of Pillay v Shaik was wrong and sets a bad precedent.

  18. Heidelberg’s relevance for a postmodern age: The doctrine of Scripture in the Heidelberg Catechism revisited

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Vlastuin, W.

    2015-01-01

    The debate on the doctrine of Scripture is ongoing. In this article, the use of Scripture is investigated in the Heidelberg Catechism, a catechism in which there is no explicit statement about Scripture, the notion of the Word refers to the preached Word, and the focus is placed on soteriology and

  19. Doctrines and Dimensions of Justice: Their Historical Backgrounds and Ideological Underpinnings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Häyry, Matti

    2018-04-01

    Justice can be approached from many angles in ethical and political debates, including those involving healthcare, biomedical research, and well-being. The main doctrines of justice are liberal egalitarianism, libertarianism, luck egalitarianism, socialism, utilitarianism, capability approach, communitarianism, and care ethics. These can be further elaborated in the light of traditional moral and social theories, values, ideals, and interests, and there are distinct dimensions of justice that are captured better by some tactics than by others. In this article, questions surrounding these matters are approached with the hermeneutic idea of a distinction between "American" and "European" ways of thinking.

  20. AN APPLICATION OF DOCTRINE OF NECESSITY: PREVIOUS CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF NEPAL AND ITS TIME EXTENSION TO AVOID CONSTITUTIONAL UNCERTAINTY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vijay Pd. Jayshwal

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to investigate issues in relation of constitutional doctrine which had potential debate among the jurists of Nepal for the issues of time extension. The paper will also argue some weaknesses in the constituent assembly and their role expected by the people of Nepal. This paper will discuss about the evolution of constitution in Nepal, its features, the principle of Constitutionalism embodied in Nepalese constitution. This paper will further argue about the legitimacy of Doctrine of Necessity and its application in Nepal. In last, this paper will show the possibility of constitutional uncertainty by newly elected constituent assembly.   Penulisan ini dalam rangka mengkaji doktrin konstitusional yang tengah ramai diperdebatkan oleh para ahli hukum di Nepal, khususnya berkaitan dengan isu mengenai perpanjangan waktu. Melalui tulisan ini, terdapat temuan yang menunjukkan beberapa kelemahan yang ada dalam majelis konstituate Nepal di samping peran-perannya sebagaimana yang diharapkan oleh rakyat Nepal. Tulisan ini membahas pula mengenai evolusi konstitusi Nepal sebagaimana diwujudkan dalam prinsip-prinsip konstitusionalism yang dianut oleh Konstitusi Nepal. Lebih lanjut, berkaitan dengan legitimasi dari Doctrin of Necessity dan penerapannya di Nepal. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini akan memberikan gambaran mengenai kemungkinan ketidakpastian secara konstitusional berkaitan dengan kondisi majelis konstituante yang baru saja terpilih.

  1. Evolución doctrinal y jurisprudencial de la teoría del dominio del hecho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Alberto Hernández Esquivel

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Sumario: i. introducción. ii. Breve rastreo jurisprudencial y doctrinal sobre el dominio del hecho. iii. algunas consideraciones sobre la autoría mediata por “dominio de la voluntad en virtud de estructuras organizadas de poder” y la jurisprudencia colombiana. iV. Delito de infracción de deber y el denominado interviniente. Tratamiento jurisprudencial

  2. The String of Pearls: Chinese Maritime Presence in the Indian Ocean and Its Effect on Indian Naval Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-12-01

    182 Ibid.pp 264–67 183 Sikkim joined the Indian Union in 1975. 184 India Foreign Policy The Indira Ghandi Years...the Indira Ghandi Years. India: Radiant Publishers, 1990. 85 Indian Maritime Doctrine. New Delhi: Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence

  3. [Universal elixir of Thomas-Nicolas Larcheret (1819) and his elixirian and normal doctrine].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bonnemain, Bruno

    2014-06-01

    Thomas-Nicolas Larcheret, teacher in singing, declamation, guitar or lyre and violin, author of music and books, but also inventor of the universal elixir by his name, is a good example of quack of the 19th century. His book Larcheregium ou Dictionnaires spéciaux de mon élixir, ainsi que toute ma doctrine et de mes adhérens (Larcheregium or special Dictionaries of my elixir, as well as all my doctrine and my adherents), published in 1819, deserves a deep study to show the most frequently used arguments by the ones who emphasize the value of their secret remedy. The opportunities are there to present themselves as victims of medical authorities, experts and authorities as a whole, that do not recognize the value of their product. The only acceptable judge for them is the experience reported by the patients who are able to demonstrate the efficacy of the product since they do buy it (probably at a very high price). From this viewpoint, the book of Larcheret is a good example of turning the authorities down and of diatribe against physicians and pharmacists. It is also the demonstration that, even with the Empire's new regulations against secret remedies and quacks, they will still persist for a large part of the 19th century in France.

  4. Application of essential facility doctrine to transmission grid; Sodenmo eno essential facility no hori no tekiyo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Maruyama, M. [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)

    1997-06-01

    This paper arranges the essential facility doctrine in America and describes it according to each judgment example how the doctrine is applied on the access of electricity supply companies to transmission grids. By applying the result to the situation of Japan, the point at issue occurring in the range of the Anti-Monopoly Law was arranged and investigated when third parties (power generating manufacturers) access the transmission grids of electricity supply companies in the form of wholesale or self transmission in the electricity supply industry of Japan. In the judgment example of America, a transmission grid can be considered as essential facility. The refusal of essential facility application is judged to be illegal only when it aims at keeping and expanding the leading market share without a fair reason. The application of essential facility can be refused when the transmission line is insufficient in capacity, when no necessary technical conditions are satisfied during use, or when the cost generated during use cannot be collected. 18 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

  5. The corporate opportunity doctrine – An inflexible or flexible rule

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anthony O. Nwafor

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available The corporate opportunity doctrine is often seen as a prophylactic rule of strict ethic which is inflexibly applied in enforcing the fiduciary duties owed by directors to their companies. A close examination of some of the cases in which the rule has been applied, however, reveals that apart from the general restatement of the rule by the courts, the actual application of the rule in those cases are reflections of the peculiarities of the individual cases. The paper argues that a flexible approach is more realistic and enjoins the courts in interpreting and applying the various provisions of the statute that have codified this rule, to lean more on those decisions that reflect sensitivity to the peculiarities of the cases.

  6. Mahatma Gandhi’s Doctrine of Ahimsa: Implication on Noted Filipino Students’ Values

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. Maria Luisa A. Valdez

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available This study generally aimed to analyze Mahatma Gandhi’s doctrine of ahimsa and its implication on noted Filipino students’ values. This paper employed the qualitative philosophical method of research in analyzing the tenets of ahimsa in the representative literary works chosen. This involved the science of textual criticism and hermeneutics supported by the researcher’s analysis and insights with reference to the content of the textsto bring about the philosophical treatment ofthe identified works. The analysis and interpretation revealed that: 1 Ahimsa refers to the principle of nonviolence based on the sacredness of all living creatures and an important tenet of ancient Indian religions specifically Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism; 2 Gandhi is one of the writer-thinkers who philosophizes that ahimsa is the ontological core of existence; 3 The salient points of the doctrine find their noblest expressions and exemplifications on his life and works; 4 While leading nationwide campaigns to ease the humanitarian issues of poverty, women’s rights, religious and ethnic harmony and injustices of the caste system which are quite evident in his works, Gandhi applied the principles of nonviolent civil disobedience, playing a key role in freeing India from foreign domination, (http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voices-for-humanrights/champions/mahatma-gandhi.html and 5 Gandhi’s writings can inspire the Filipino students to turn to the transcendental diversion of humanity and to change the way they think and review their values through the tenets of literature supplied by the re-examined nonviolence advocate and his commitment to life here and thereafter.

  7. Very low level radioactive wastes. Must the doctrine evolve? Reflections by the IRSN for a perennial, fair and liable management

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2016-01-01

    As large programmes of dismantling of nuclear installations are to be elaborated and implemented during the next decades, it appears the Cires (industrial centre for gathering, warehousing and storage), the single solution for very low level radioactive wastes in France, will be saturated on the short term. Therefore, this report aims at reviewing the present policy of waste management in order to make it more perennial, fairer and more liable. First, it identifies strengths and weaknesses of the present doctrine. It examines the kind of governance necessary to decide how this doctrine should evolve, by taking societal stakes, and debate places and modalities into account. While referring to technological options, it examines the possible orientations for an evolution of management modalities: material valorisation, diversification of storage options, and limitation of waste production

  8. Assessing a Suitable Contribution of the French Armor Branch to the Doctrinal Development of Violence: Mastering Operations in the Urban Environment

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Millet, Jean-Michel

    2003-01-01

    .... This study analyzes the current state of the French Army doctrinal development of armor employment in the violence-mastering mode in the urban environment and compare it to the lessons learned...

  9. Reason, Grace and Charity: Augustine and the Impact of Church Doctrine on the Construction of Intellectual Disability

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stainton, Tim

    2008-01-01

    This paper examines how early church doctrine influenced the construction of and response to intellectual disability. Though the main focus of the paper is on intellectual disability, much of the discussion is more broadly relevant to other types of impairments and human differences. The vehicle for this examination is the work of the key figure…

  10. First sale doctrine on computer programs in the European Union. reiteration of the precedent or jurisprudential change?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Raúl Cardoso González

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Comparative analysis of rulings C-128/11 (UsedSoft of July 3, 2012 and C-166/15 (Ranks and Vasiļevičs of October 12, 2016 by the Court of Justice of the European Union, concerning first sale doctrine on computer programs. Reiteration of the precedent or jurisprudential change?

  11. Beyond Hearts and Minds: How The Operational Commander Must Understand Islamic War-Fighting Doctrine to Secure Victory in the Long War

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Vartanian, James M

    2008-01-01

    This paper examines the need for the operational commander to fully understand the religious, military and political doctrine of Islam's Prophet Muhammad if success is to be realized in the long war...

  12. [History of creation of the doctrine, equipment and methods of formation of biological feedback].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bokser, O Ia

    1999-01-01

    The theoretical and experimental priorities of Russian scientists A. V. Zaporozhets and M. I. Lisina in creating the doctrine of biological feedback (BFB) in 1955 are justified. The priority of American scientists (N. Miller, 1969) in the discovery of the fact that BFB can form in animals is recognized. USA scientists were also be the first to develop and provide a base for manufacturing commercial devices for shaping BFB that have gained wide practical recognition in medicine, sports, and psychophysiology.

  13. Book Review: The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism written by Naomi Klein

    OpenAIRE

    Looney, Robert

    2007-01-01

    Book review by Dr. Robert Looney of the book The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism written by Naomi Klein. By pure chance, two significant books on capitalism were published within weeks of one another in the early fall of 2007. The first (The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World), by the consummate insider, Alan Greenspan, examiines the inner workings of the capitalist system from the perspective of one who was perhaps as responsible as anyone for its spectacular su...

  14. Path forward to the revision of the French doctrine of waste management in post-accidental situations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tichauer, Michael; Mathieu, Gregory

    2016-01-01

    Perspectives: One objective : Upgrade operational aspects of post-accident doctrine. Major focus on civil society’s involvement: For priorities, efficiency, For the overarching goal of remediation Including local decision makers → reassurance of the population. Anticipation: Decentralized and associative ways Integration of socio economic factors. But don’t forget technical aspects…: Waste streams → facilities; How to act quickly; Threshold values; Efficiency of remediation programmes

  15. Analysis of Indonesia Confucians Understanding Towards Religious Doctrines and Ordinances in Confucianism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sugiato Lim

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available To a great extent, daily life of Indonesia Chinese community is filled with religious overtones. This paper basically analyzes the understanding of Indonesia Confucians towards their religion. The first part of this paper will be discussing about the general definition of religion and its religious elements. The second part will analyze the understanding of Indonesia Confucians towards their religious doctrines and ordinances respectively. In conclusion, overview regarding Indonesia Confucians and a special historical background of Indonesia Confucianism, which consists of its formation and development as a legal religion in line with Indonesia national conditions, social conditions and characteristic, will be presented.   

  16. Modelling joint air defence doctrinal issues with a LinkZA-based integration of two C2 simulators – a case study

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Nel, JJ

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available This paper describes the integration between two command and control simulators in order to clarify doctrinal issues surrounding Joint Air Defence using as example the uncertainty of roles and responsibilities between the Air Defence Cell...

  17. Construction of the international system of Versailles, according to the doctrine of Woodrow Wilson

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MSc. Albulena Halili

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Mapping of the international system after the First World War took place in the Conference of Versailles, where a peace treaty was negotiated to end this war, and would reshape the world order. The key role in negotiating peace was handed to the United States of America, and its President Woodrow Wilson. This paper aims to elaborate the doctrine of US President Wilson, presented through the Fourteen Points, which were the basis for the international system that was created after First World War. Two of Wilson’s Fourteen Points, which are the object of study in this paper, had the most important impact on international relations, thereby transforming into international law principles, respected to this day: the right of the people for self-determination, which led to the destruction of multi-national empires, and the creation of a association of nations, which resulted in the establishment of the League of Nations, a predecessor of United Nations. The methodological approach used in this paper is analytical-theoretical, and is based on contemporary literature. It aims to identify the strong and weak sides of this doctrine, and its influence in the establishment of the Versailles international system, which only lasted twenty years. Conclusions from this paper are that the Fourteen Points not only served for the mapping of the Versailles international system but also for the establishment of preceding international systems. Many of those principles are the foundation of contemporary international relations

  18. Political and Legal Doctrine of Simon Bolivar

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    Mixail V. Fedorov

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Present article is devoted to the legal, political and constitutional ideas of the outstanding leader of war of independence in Latin America Simon Bolivar that was called by his countrymen and contemporaries to be a LIBERATOR. In the present article author discusses complex genesis and evolution of the political and legal doctrine of Simon Bolivar. Review is conducted by author in the context of developing theory and practice of Latin American constitutionalism in the XIX century. Author conceptualized and revealed basic historical patterns of formation and development of Latin American countries during the War of Independence (1810-1826 period. Author conducted comprehensive analysis of the draft constitution which was developed by Simon Bolivar for the newly independent states of Latin America and reveals theoretical and practical problem of choosing Simon Bolivar republican form of government, such as a peculiar institution in the form of principle of the separation of powers, containing the fourth power. Author focuses on the questions of Simon Bolivar’s relationship to the constitutional institute of human rights, idea of relationship between state and church. Article also researches many other political, legal and constitutional ideas of Simon Bolivar, present views of historians, lawyers, political scientists, statesmen and public activists.

  19. The Team Of The Family Health Strategy And The Doctrinal Principles Of The Unified Health System: Perceptions And Applicability

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Woneska Rodrigues Pinheiro

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: The SUS, which was guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and regulated by organic laws of health, offers a system governed of doctrinal principles (universality, fairness and completeness concerning the philosophy of the system and extend the concept of health and the right to it. On the promotion of these principles, the municipalization of health is referred to as a policy of decentralization which incorporates basic health attention, permeated by the principles of the SUS, where inserts in this context the basic health units (UBS that are entrance doors of the population to the system. When considering that the proposals brought by the family health strategy (FHS are great potential to restructure the welfare model and the Organization of health services, and these proposals based on the principles governing the SUS, becomes essential, inter alia, that the worker member of this team have involvement and knowledge of the project, as well as on its goals and principles governing it. Objective: Check the knowledge and promotion of doctrinal principles of the SUS by active team of FHS in the town of Juazeiro do Norte in the State of Ceará (CE, Brazil.  Method: This work deals with a transversal nature study exploratory, qualitative approach. The survey was conducted in the family health strategy of the city of Juazeiro do Norte-CE, with top level professionals (physician, nurses and dentists who work on units during the collection period. The collection was performed through a semi structured interview and the data analyzed by means of the collective subject discourse. This study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the College Lion Sa, having the opinion of approved (nº: 1.067.638.  Results: the results showed that the professionals have demonstrated no knowledge of, nor promote some doctrinal principles of the SUS coherently. The knowledge that they have are fragmented and incipient, and Praxis (theory

  20. Has the sanctity of life law 'gone too far'?: analysis of the sanctity of life doctrine and English case law shows that the sanctity of life law has not 'gone too far'.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rabiu, Abdul-Rasheed; Sugand, Kapil

    2014-02-22

    The medical profession consistently strives to uphold patient empowerment, equality and safety. It is ironic that now, at a time where advances in technology and knowledge have given us an increased capacity to preserve and prolong life, we find ourselves increasingly asking questions about the value of the lives we are saving. A recent editorial by Professor Raanan Gillon questions the emphasis that English law places on the sanctity of life doctrine. In what was described by Reverend Nick Donnelly as a "manifesto for killing patients", Professor Gillon argues that the sanctity of life law has gone too far because of its disregard for distributive justice and an incompetent person's previously declared autonomy. This review begins by outlining the stance of the sanctity of life doctrine on decisions about administering, withholding and withdrawing life-prolonging treatment. Using this as a foundation for a rebuttal, a proposal is made that Professor Gillon's assertions do not take the following into account:1) A sanctity of life law does not exist since English Common Law infringes the sanctity doctrine by tolerating quality of life judgements and a doctor's intention to hasten death when withdrawing life-prolonging treatment.2) Even if a true sanctity of life law did exist:a) The sanctity of life doctrine allows for resource considerations in the wider analysis of benefits and burdens.b) The sanctity of life doctrine yields to a competent person's autonomous decision.This review attempts to demonstrate that at present, and with the legal precedent that restricts it, a sanctity of life law cannot go too far.

  1. How Should The US Adapt Its Military Doctrine To Be Able TO Fight A Peer Competitor

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-02-15

    the American Way of War (New York: Colombia University Press, 2008), 195. 8. Quoted in Colonel Gian Gentile, Wrong Turn: America’s Deadly Embrace of...the American Way of War . New York: Colombia University Press, 2008. Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: W. W. Norton...AIR WAR COLLEGE AIR UNIVERSITY HOW SHOULD THE US ADAPT ITS MILITARY DOCTRINE TO BE ABLE TO FIGHT A PEER COMPETITOR? by Paul Kendall

  2. Can the UN Stabilize Mali? Towards a UN Stabilization Doctrine?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arthur Boutellis

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Almost two years after the deployment of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA in July 2013, the increasing number of asymmetric terrorist attacks targeting UN peacekeepers – in the context of a drawn-out peace process – has raised a number of questions in Mali, the sub-region, and in New York, over the relevance and adequacies of MINUSMA’s mandate and capabilities. It also raises a broader issue, of whether the consent-based UN peacekeeping tool is appropriate and can be effective in carrying out stabilization mandates in such a context and what doctrine such operations should be based on. The UN is indeed under increasing pressure from host countries and some African troop-contributing countries to go on the offensive. Member States have also increasingly recognized terrorism and organized crime as a strategic threat, and while opposed to the UN directly engaging in counterterrorism (CT operations, some may wish to see the UN playing a greater stabilization role following the January 2013 French military intervention in Mali. However, little guidance and means have been given so far to UN missions for dealing with such threats and implementing effective stabilization mandates. The High-Level Panel on Peace Operations, which recently released its report, noted that the usage of the term “stabilization” by the UN requires clarification. This article analyses the complex and evolving nature of threats in northern Mali and implications for MINUSMA and describes the military and political tools – including mediation – so far available within and outside the UN. The article concludes that the UN is bound to move towards stabilization when and if deployed in contexts such as Mali’s if it wants to remain relevant. However, such a move should be based on an overarching UN stabilization doctrine and context-specific UN-wide stabilization strategies which are first and foremost political

  3. The doctrine of quasi-mutual assent - has it become the general rule for the formation of contracts? The case of Pillay v Shaik 2009 4 SA 74 (SCA)

    OpenAIRE

    Thejane, P

    2012-01-01

    The doctrine of quasi-mutual assent is undoubtedly part of our South African law and has been affirmed and applied in a number of leading decisions. The purpose of this note is to offer a critical analysis of the application of the doctrine in the case of Pillay v Shaik 2009 4 SA 74 (SCA). It is argued that the primary basis of contractual liability in South Africa has always been and still remains consensus ad idem as determined in terms of the rules relating to offer and acceptance It is al...

  4. The Doctrine of Caudillism in Spain: Political Legitimacy and Charismatic Power during Francoism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Moradiellos García

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available The article aims to analyze the sources of doctrinal justification of the charismatic power of General Francisco Franco as Caudillo of Spain for almost forty years. Taking into account the various political cultures of the Spanish Right, it shows the Civil War of 1936-39 as the seminal context for the new supreme and sovereign authority assumed by Franco during the conflict and preserved afterwards as a legacy of his military victory. The consequent personal cult to the Caudillo and the theoretical productions on Caudillaje leadership were adapted to changing international circumstances without any diminution of the permanent and supreme authority of Franco.

  5. The core of Francisco Suárez’s doctrine about resistance and tyrannicide

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    Pablo Font Oporto

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available This article tries to resume the exposition of Francisco Suárez about the problem of the resistance to the tyrant and its interpretation in the scientific doctrine. Suárez distinguishes betweentwo kinds of tyrants: the bad ruler and the usurper. The first only can be murdered in self-defense ofproper life or community; the second can be murdered by any person member of the community, on several conditions. Suárez is criticized because the only limits he establishes to political power are resistance and tyrannicide. However, these mean a democratic control really and physically possible inthe sociopolitical reality of his days.

  6. The disabling of the EC Disability Regulation: Stott c. Thomas Cook Tour operators Ltd. in the light of the exclusivity Doctrine

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Koning, Ingrid

    2014-01-01

    The (contractual) relationship between passengers and airlines is regulated on an international as well as a European level. However, problems arise in the demarcation between these levels. The cause of these demarcation problems lies, on the one hand, in the strict 'exclusivity doctrine' under

  7. Technology, Effects and Doctrines of Nuclear Warfare

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Broda, E.

    1981-01-01

    The development and the status of the nuclear weapons systems and of the systems for their delivery are explained. All these systems have made tremendous progress since the 1960s. Available destructive power now is literally millions of times larger than at the time of Hiroshima. Moreover, technical progress has had, especially through the MIRV principle and the cruise missile, a destabilizing influence and threatens the equilibrium of terror. New strategic doctrines for winning rather than preventing nuclear war have come to the foreground. Plans for the tactical first-use of nuclear weapons have been accepted. Alternatively, the retaliation capacity of the opponent could be destroyed by surprise attack - The First Strike. In a nuclear conflict, the commanders-in-chief are overburdened by the need for ultra-urgent decisions. This applies especially to a First Strike situation. As a consequence tendencies in the direction of increasing automatization become ever more conspicuous. In the extreme ease, decisions may be left entirely to machines, and men would not any more be included in decision-making. The increasing automatization leads to further escalation of insecurity for the whole world. Solutions for the principal problem of the world, war or peace, cannot be found On the level of technology, but only on that of practical policy of detente, disarmament, collaboration and reconciliation. (author)

  8. The Assumed Space: Pre-reflective Spatiality and Doctrinal Configurations in Juridical Experience

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Massimo Meccarelli

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this contribution is to analyse, by means of the legal-historical perspective, the relationship between the pre-reflections of space and the configurations of legal concepts and categories. Three examples of the interplay between doctrinal configurations and the spatial dimension within the context of three different historical periods will be illustrated: given space in the Middle Ages, possible space in the Modern Age and decided space in the Contemporary Age. From this basis, the essay considers the heuristic importance of such an analytical approach – mindful of the profiles of presupposition, such as the space assumption, underlying the conceptualisation of ideas – for a history attentive to the constraints of the theoretical sustainability of legal concepts.

  9. Some Particularities in the Doctrine of the Trinity as Found in the Works of Christian Arabic Authors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oleg Davydenkov

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available This articles examines the Trinitarian theology of Christian Arab-speaking medieval theologians. The author explains that there are differences in the way the doctrine of the Trinity is presented by these theologians and by the way it is handled by their Greek and Latin counterparts. He devotes special attention to the question regarding the influence of Islamic philosophy and theology on the Trinitarian theology of these Arabic speaking Christians

  10. The codification of directors’ duties: Capturing the essence of the corporate opportunity doctrine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Lowry

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available It is suggested in the paper that section 176 is too compendious in its drafting. A consequence of this is that the declared objectives of the CLR to make the law comprehensible and, therefore, accessible is undermined. It fails to capture the essence of the principles that have emerged from the case law on the no-conflicts rule and the corporate opportunity. Further, the differing approaches towards the determination of liability by the Court of Appeal in Bhullar, on the one hand, and the more open textured approach towards the issue in Pyke, illustrates the dichotomy of the case law surrounding the corporate opportunity doctrine which the language of section 176 fails to resolve.

  11. Lifespan extension and the doctrine of double effect.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Capitaine, Laura; Devolder, Katrien; Pennings, Guido

    2013-06-01

    Recent developments in biogerontology--the study of the biology of ageing--suggest that it may eventually be possible to intervene in the human ageing process. This, in turn, offers the prospect of significantly postponing the onset of age-related diseases. The biogerontological project, however, has met with strong resistance, especially by deontologists. They consider the act of intervening in the ageing process impermissible on the grounds that it would (most probably) bring about an extended maximum lifespan--a state of affairs that they deem intrinsically bad. In a bid to convince their deontological opponents of the permissibility of this act, proponents of biogerontology invoke an argument which is grounded in the doctrine of double effect. Surprisingly, their argument, which we refer to as the 'double effect argument', has gone unnoticed. This article exposes and critically evaluates this 'double effect argument'. To this end, we first review a series of excerpts from the ethical debate on biogerontology in order to substantiate the presence of double effect reasoning. Next, we attempt to determine the role that the 'double effect argument' is meant to fulfil within this debate. Finally, we assess whether the act of intervening in ageing actually can be justified using double effect reasoning.

  12. The Adolescent Family Life Act and the promotion of religious doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Donovan, P

    1984-01-01

    Catholic and Catholic-oriented groups are promoting periodic abstinence, the only birth control method approved by the Catholic Church, using Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) funds and are discouraging teenagers from using other methods by distorting information. The serious question arises of whether US tax dollars are being used in violation of the constitutional requirement of separation of church and state and whether it is appropriate to promote only 1 method. The law mandates religious involvement in the development of adolescent sex education programs, but, in effect, distributes grants primarily to Catholic organizations whose beliefs on abortion are consistent with the law's terms. When the AFLA (chastity bill) was 1st enacted in 1981, there was no discussion on the possible infusion of faith and religious doctrine into such programs. This article examines the background of the AFLA and previous bills aimed at curbing teenage pregnancy. In accord with the 1st Amendment to the Constitution guaranteeing separation of church and state, the AFLA funds are not intended to promote religion or teach religious doctrines. Although such religious infiltration is unconstitutional, it is occuring in at least one of the programs funded by AFLA--at St. Margaret's Hospital in Massachusetts where a section of the curriculum is even titled "The Church's Teaching on Abortion." The issue of using federal money to promote natural family planning and discourage all other methods is examined. Examples of agencies who are biased and distort information on side-effects of other birth control methods are given. St. Ann's Infant and Maternity Home in Maryland and the Family of the Americas Foundation (FAF) in Louisiana aim at convincing teenagers that natural family planning is the only acceptable way to avoid pregnancy. By only funding organizations that will promote adoption for pregnant teenagers and teenage parents, the law is essentially judging all teenage mothers to be

  13. Leadership in Force XXI: Is the Army's Current Leadership Model and Leader Development Doctrine Properly Addressing the Challenges Brought About by the Transition to Force XXI

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Johnson, Carl

    1999-01-01

    .... The purpose of this research paper is to answer the question, Is the Army's current leadership model and leader development doctrine properly addressing the challenges brought about by the transition to Force XXI...

  14. CONFESIÓN Y SIGILO SACRAMENTAL EN EL CONCILIO LATERANENSE IV: DE LA NORMATIVA A LA REFLEXIÓN DOCTRINAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Tarantino

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Among the standards approved by the Fourth Lateran Council the XXI stands out as the most important in the sacramental discipline. As usual it takes the name from its opening words, Omnis utriusque sexus. Through it, not only did the Church sanction a universal law that established the obligation of the believer to confess all his sins to their priest annually, in order to receive at least at Easter, after the execution of the imposed penance, the sacrament of the Eucharist, but also introduced a broader regulation of the same sacrament which brought up a relevant subject such as the sigillum confessionis and the related penalties which were applicable if violated. For the first time this institution, which has its roots in the divine right, received a general and organic legislative discipline intended to become the subject for reflection on the part of the doctrine, especially in the wake of its reception in the Liber Extra by Gregory IX (X 5. 38. 12. Given a brief excursus on the emergence in the jus vetus of a first regulation in relation to the duty of the Seal of Confession, we will try to understand the impact of l of the Innocentian legislation on doctrinal reflection and the development of the following regulation on the subject between the Middle Ages and the modern age.

  15. Three I know not what:The influence of Greek philosophy on the doctrine of Trinity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aleksandar S. Santrac

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the origins of the traditional or orthodox Trinitarian formula. The main objective is to clarify to what extent the traditional Christian doctrine of the Trinity (Nicene formula has been influenced by Greek philosophy. Through contemporary theological dialogue on this issue, the research focuses on the comparison between the traditional formulation of the doctrine of Trinity, influenced by Greek philosophy and the biblical revelation of the godhead. The conclusion is that the trinitarian formula might not be a dogmatic teaching, but a mystery (a dehellenisation of the concept of Trinity and that the Church fathers and the post-Nicene church used the Greek philosophical-theological expressions for Trinity, already present in Scriptures in its doxological and liturgical form, primarily for the purpose of contextualisation.Hierdie artikel ondersoek die oorsprong van die tradisionele of ortodokse trinitariese leerstuk. Die hoofdoel is om uit te vind tot watter mate die tradisioneel Christelike leer oor die Drie-eenheid (Niceense formule deur die Griekse filosofie beïnvloed is. Deur die hedendaagse teologiese debat oor hierdie onderwerp na te gaan, fokus die navorsing op ’n vergelyking tussen die tradisionele formulering van die leer van die Drie-eenheid soos beïnvloed deur die ortodokse Griekse filosofie en deur die bybelse openbaring van die godheid. Die slotsom waartoe gekom word, is dat die trinitariese formule moontlik nie ’n dogmatiese leerstuk was nie, maar ’n misterie (’n dehellenisering van die Drie-eenheidsbegrip. Die kerkvaders en die post-Niceense kerk het die Griekse filosofies-teologiese uitdrukkings vir die Drie-eenheid, wat alreeds in die Skrif in sy doksologiese en liturgiese vorm voorgekom het, moontlik slegs vir die doel van kontekstualisering gebruik.

  16. LAW PRINCIPLES AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY. DOCTRINE OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marius ANDREESCU

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available e, the understanding of the significances of the “principle of law” needs to have an interdisciplinary character, the basis for the approach being the philosophy of the law. In this study we fulfill such an analysis with the purpose to underline the multiple theoretical significances due to this concept, but also the relationship between the juridical principles and norms, respectively the normative value of the principle of the law. Thus are being materialized extensive references to the philosophical and juridical doctrine in the matter. This study is a pleading to refer to the principles, in the work for the law’s creation and application. Starting with the difference between “given” and ‘constructed” we propose the distinction between the “metaphysical principles” outside the law, which by their contents have philosophical significances, and the “constructed principles” elaborated inside the law. We emphasize the obligation of the law maker, but also of the expert to refer to the principles in the work of legislation, interpretation and applying of the law. Arguments are brought for updating, in certain limits, the justice – naturalistic concepts in the law.

  17. The Orthodox Doctrine of Salvation» by Archimandrite Sergius (Stragorodsky and its criticism by Confessor of the Faith Victor (Ostrovidov and Archbishop Seraphim (Sobolev

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. KHONDSINSKIY

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available «The Orthodox Doctrine of Salvation», a well-known work by Archimandrite Sergius (Stragorodsky that was defended by him as a master’s thesis at the Moscow Theological Academy in 1895, is still considered an etalon in Orthodox theology. Meanwhile, in the first half of the 20th century, it was heavily criticized by at least two prominent members of the Church hierarchy of that time: Confessor of the Faith Victor (Ostrovidov and Archbishop Seraphim (Sobolev. This article does not only examine their arguments, but also provides the researcher’s personal understanding of the main theses of the work by Archimandrite Sergius. The researcher’s work in this case is complicated by a large number of patristic texts, which are given by Archimandrite Sergius and the abundance of which hampers the identification of his own original ideas. Nevertheless, the carried out analysis reveals that the dissertation doesn’t contain not only patristic, but any kind of a clear doctrine of the Fall, or of man’s state after the Fall, or of redemption, or of man’s assimilation of redemption fruits. Besides, the theses illustrated in the dissertation by the texts of the Holy Fathers belong not so much to them as to the first Slavophiles, Archimandrite Anthony (Khrapovitsky, the teacher and the senior friend of Archimandrite Sergius, and finally to Immanuel Kant. Consequently, in his doctrine of freedom anticipating grace, Archimandrite Sergius comes dangerously close to Pelagianism. These findings recognize the truth of complaints against the work of Archimandrite Sergius by Confessor of the Faith Viktor (Ostrovidov and Archbishop Seraphim (Sobolev.

  18. The Doctrine of Signatures, Materia Medica of Orchids, and the Contributions of Doctor - Orchidologists.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pearn, John

    2012-12-01

    The heritage of medicine is written in many forms. One repository is to be found in the history of orchids, the world's largest family of flowering plants. Orchids were so named by Theophrastus (c.372-288 BC) who recorded their medicinal use as an aphrodisiac and the promoter of virility, in the context of the Doctrine of Signatures. Such use endured for millennia, and was recorded both by Paracelsus (1493-1551) and Linnaeus (1707-1778). The history of orchidology and medicine are entwined in four domains: (a) orchids and their historical materia medica, within the paradigm of the Doctrine of Signatures; (b) the enduring and extensive contemporary medicinal and culinary use of orchids such as Vanilla and salep extracts of Orchis; (c) the scientific contributions of doctors as orchidologists; and (d) the heritage of more than a hundred doctors' names in the scientific etymology of the Orchidaceae family. Prominent orchidologists have included the Scottish doctor-soldier and botanist, Robert Brown (1773-1858); the Director of the State Herbarium at Leyden and the Rijks Museum, Carl Ludwig Blume (1796-1862); and Dr William Sterling MD (1888-1967). Among the more than 1250 genus names (and 33,000 species) of orchids are the names of more than a hundred doctors, their lives and works perpetuated in the scientific etymology of this family of exotic, beautiful, flamboyant, intriguing and often expensive flowers. Generic names record the lives and works of such as Aristotle (384-322BC) in Aristotelia Loureiro 1790; Cadet de Gassicourt (1769-1821) in Cadetia Gaudichaud 1826; Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) in Sirhookera O. Kuntze 1891; and Dr Theodore Daniel Vrydag Zynen (fl. 1820-1850) in Vrydagzynea Blume 1858. One of the principal horticultural genera of orchids, Brassavola, records the life and work of the Ferrara and Padua physician and botanist, Antonio Musa Brassavola (1500-1555). The first Slipper Orchid bred as a hybrid, Paphiopedilum harrisianum (by John

  19. 越界建築與專利均等論 Building Encroachment and the Doctrine of Equivalents in Patent Law

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    王敏銓 Min-Chiuan Wang

    2015-12-01

    等論的存立基礎罕見發表意見，似為有缺憾之處。 This article uses an American property theory—the boundary principle—to discuss the neighboring relations in Taiwan’s property law and the doctrine of equivalents in patent law. The aim is to point out that although these two branches of legal doctrines seemingly head toward the opposite directions concerning the distribution of rights, they both base on a similarly principle: to distribute positive or negative externalities in accordance with equitable considerations; both doctrines are anti-fragmentation principles aiming at recomposing fragmented property rights. The theory of this article is founded on Michael A. Heller’s theory of antifragmentation and Frank I. Michelman’s arguments related to the efficiency of private property. Heller argues that the boundary principle long existing in property law is to prevent waste of resources caused by fragmentation. Michelman’s internalization and nonintervention rules, two composing principles for an efficient private property regime, are the origin of Heller’s anti-fragmentation theory. This article asserts that the rules regarding building encroachment and the doctrine of equivalents in patent law are the examples of Heller’s boundary principle and Michelman’s internalization principle. In the relation of building encroachment, the right to request land purchase by the trespasser is a typical internalization rule. To consolidate rights based on the reason of internalization often realizes in law as the operation of equity, and nonintervention rules appear as the formalistic reasoning of the law. Yet the fact that the law leaves ample possibility of unconsolidated fragments shows the disparity between the economic and the legal rationale. An act of encroachment is one that causes positive or negative externalities on another. The doctrine of equivalents in patent law is a set of rules that distributes the benefits beyond the literal scope of a patent claim. Formed by case law, the doctrine of equivalents

  20. Theories of cause (consideration of contract in the Serbian doctrine of civil law after the adoption of the Law on Obligations

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    Dudaš Atila

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The adoption of the Law on Obligations in 1978 can certainly be considered as an event of watershed importance in respect to the analysis of various theoretical points of view on the notion of cause (consideration of contract in the Serbian literature. The fact that it had not been explicitly regulated in Serbian positive law until the adoption of Law had a profound impact on the evolution of doctrine in this period. The range of differing theoretical points of view was very wide, covering essentially all the relevant streams in the doctrine of cause, from the ones accepting it (so-called causalistic theories, through the ones explaining it solely by the notion of exchange of assets (so-called economic theories, to the ones denying its legal significance in any sense (so called anticausalistic theories. The most distinguished authorities in Serbian literature of contract law, who studied the notion of cause of contract in the period until the promulgation of the Law, were Dragoljub Aranđelović, Živojin Perić, Lazar Marković, Andrija Gams, Stevan Jakšić, Vladimir Kapor and Mihailo Konstantinović. The Law on Obligations explicitly regulates the notion of cause of contract as one of the preconditions of validity and effect of a contract, which had a substantial impact on the evolution of doctrine. On the one hand, being an institution of positive law, there is hardly an author who had not devoted some attention to the notion of cause of contract. In this paper the author analyzes the points of view of Stojan Cigoj, Ljubiša Milošević, Živomir Đorđević, Boris Vizner, Martin Vedriš, Želimir Šmalcelj, Jakov Radišić, Slobodan Perović, Jožef Salma and Oliver Antić. On the other hand, the scope of various, often conflicting, theories on cause of contract in Serbian literature shrank. One can recognize a tendency of abandonment of points of view disavowing any legal relevance of cause of contract and the majority of contemporary

  1. The diagnosis of psychopathy: Why psychiatrists and psychologists need to know ethical doctrines

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    Alečković-Nikolić Mila S.

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper analyzes the problem of the nature of the most difficult nosologic psychopathological diagnosis - psychopathy in all its features, the neurological and psychological, the social and the political. The paper also analyzes the analogy: the character of the society vis-à vis the character of the individual. In the second part, this work develops the concept of psychopathy as a general 'picture of the world,' a period of time and the community, with special reference to the harsh financial Darwinism and the Serbian society today (2014. The conclusion of the paper is that it is impossible to diagnose any disease as psychopathy if the psychiatric and psychological analysis does not include an analysis of sociologists, pedagogues, and especially psychologists of morality and ethicists. Finally, the attitude of the author is that every psychiatrist and psychologist who meet with psychopathy and judge it absolutely needs to know the most important ethical doctrine (deontology and utilitarianism, their opposition, as well as their consequences.

  2. INTERNAL DYNAMICS WITHIN HADHRAMI ARABS IN INDONESIA: From Social Hierarchy to Islamic Doctrine

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    Syamsul Rijal

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available This paper examines the current landscape of Hadhrami Arab Community in Indonesia. It aims to understand the internal fissures that affect the cohesion within the community. Some scholars contended that the conflicts taking place within the Hadhrami community are due to the Yemeni traditional stratification and nationalist orientation during colonial era. However, they do not include in their analysis the contemporary state of Hadhramis in Indonesia. This paper focuses on the contemporary era and argues that doctrinal contest and competition for religious authority have dominated the dynamics of conflict within Indonesian Hadhrami community. The paper will touch on the debates on the notion of Shi’ism among the so-called sayyids and Salafism among the followers of Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah. It suggests that it is through these two currents of thought that the Hadhrami community in Indonesia not only exercise their power and authority, but also shape and transform their very identity.

  3. The Guerrillas in the Boardroom: What COIN Theory Teaches Leaders about Organizational Change, and How Corporate Change Models Could Transform Military Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-09-25

    there. When I was at CGSC, students studied two models for organizational change. One was authored by John Kotter, a former Harvard business professor...who had spent nearly 40 years studying what worked and did not work for business leaders trying to transform their organizations. Based on that...counterinsurgents meeting only with key leaders, which is what U.S. doctrine prescribes.31 As Sarah Chayes points out in her book , Thieves of State

  4. Normalization of US-Cuban Relations: Obama Doctrine and International Security in the Western Hemisphere

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    Piotr Łaciński

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Strained relations between the US and Cuba after the victory of the Cuban revolution were a permanent element of the destabilization of international security in the Western Hemisphere. During the Cold War, this destabilization was a function of the East-West confrontation. Since the end of Cold War the importance of Cuba as a Western Hemisphere entity hostile to the United States has diminished radically. Definite steps to normalize relations with Cuba have been taken only in 2014. The media named the change of policies of the US towards Cuba (and Iran as the Obama Doctrine. This article will try to prove that the continuation of the confron-tational and hostile US-Cuban relations after the collapse of the Eastern bloc was an exceptional and "unnatural" phenomenon from the perspective of realistic school of international relations, both for Washington and Havana.

  5. Building the foundations for a new central bank doctrine: Redefining central banks’ missions in the 21st century

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    Eric Pichet

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available The 2007-2008 financial crisis demonstrated both the responsibilities that central bankers, alongside other actors, bear for turbulences of this kind as well as how economics can be used to provide central bankers and governments with the understanding and tools that they need to prevent the international financial system from collapsing. At the same time, central banks’ responses to the crisis have taken monetary policy into unknown territory. The paper’s first section diagnoses good and bad practice in post-crisis central banking; assesses the efficiency of pre-crisis doctrines; and identifies the dangers of actions exceeding certain limits. It specifically focuses on the European Central Bank’s much-debated intervention in certain peripheral bond markets, particularly Greece. The second section is more normative and lays the foundations for a social science perspective of how to manage modern central banks, an approach that draws on a variety of disciplines including economics, governance theory and management. This starts with a definition of the new doctrine and its underlying philosophy, followed by an identification of sound central banking practices (revolving around a few key concepts, notably inflation and financial stability. The missions and objectives of these practices are then defined (along with a choice of indicators, culminating in an exploration of which strategies and tools might be used in both normal and turbulent times. Lastly, a few concrete rules of governance are offered, built on the triptych of central banks’ independence, accountability and composition, with specific focus placed on the process for selecting governors fit to handle the new role that modern central banks are destined to assume in developed countries.

  6. Why Teach Doctrine? A Response to Dan Moulin's "Challenging Christianity: Leo Tolstoy and Religious Education" in "Journal of Beliefs and Values," Vol. 30, No. 2, August 2009

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thompson, Penny; Watson, Brenda

    2010-01-01

    In response to the article by Dan Moulin it is argued that the representation of Christianity in British religious education relies on central beliefs and practices that are widely shared. In contrast to Moulin we consider that the teaching of doctrine is important in order to prevent serious misunderstanding of Christianity. Focussing on a…

  7. The Intrinsic Normativity of Law in Light of Kant`s Doctrine of Right

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    Mehmet Ruhi Demiray

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper claims that a particular interpretation of Kant`s legal-political philosophy, as it is presented in his Doctrine of Right, provides us with the much needed resolution to the question of the normativity of law, precisely because it brings in a perspective that avoids both positivism and ethicism. This particular interpretation follows a strategy of argumentation that I call the “argument for the intrinsic normativity of law”, i.e., the argument that law is defined and justified on its own grounds, without any need to refer to ethics, or rational/enlightened self-interest. This argument highlights the concept of legal person with the innate right to freedom as the necessary presupposition of legal practices, and sets forth a fundamental sense of justice inherent to the concept of law that consists in the reciprocal recognition of legal personality. In the end, I come up with a distinctive conception of law that I formulate as a last resort of normativity in the face of a conflict wherein an ethical solution does not appeal to all parties.

  8. IBN SINA AND THE ROOTS OF THE SEVEN DOCTRINES OF PRESERVATION OF HEALTH.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khan, Murad Ahmad; Raza, Fauzia; Khan, Iqbal Akhtar

    2015-01-01

    Ibn Sina, the most eminent Muslim physician, illuminative philosopher, great thinker and a versatile genius is regarded as the "Father of Early Modern Medicine" and as the "Father of Clinical Pharmacology". The "Kitab al-Qanun fi-al-Tibb", commonly known as the "Canon Medicinae" is the most important of his medical works and, at the same time, the most carefully preserved treasury both in original Arabic and in the initial Latin version. It is the final codification of all Greco-Arabic medical thoughts up to his time, enriched and modified with his own scientific experimentations and independent observations. It is considered "The First Textbook of Medicine on the Earth". The "Canon" surpassed the books of Hippocrates and Galen and remained supreme for more than six centuries, in the West. Ibn Sina described "Seven Doctrines" for Preservation of Health, based on the Mudawa Salookia, in his magnum opus. The roots of these principles can be traced, to a significant extent, to Egyptian Medicine, Hebrew Medicine, Greek Medicine, Roman Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ancient Persian Medicine, Ayurvedic Medicine (Hindu Medicine) and Islamic Medicine.

  9. Financial and Economic Support for the Activity and Publication Openness of Workers in the Scientific Sphere: Management Doctrine

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    Karpinsky Borys A.

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the article is both in the system identification of the financial and economic features of supporting the scientific sphere and in the development of a management doctrine to increase the efficiency of activity of scientific workers in the global scientific space by combining publication openness, motivational levers, business and consumer interests based on foreign experience and strategiology of development in the realities of Ukraine. It is determined that the publication openness of a particular scientist depends on the scientific openness of publications in national print media, which are not always transparent for the global scientific space. The advantages and disadvantages of using scientometric databases as to editions that ensure the openness of scientific research results in terms of financial possibilities are considered. There singled out the managerial preference of the Information and analytical system “Bibliometrics of the Ukrainian Science”, which allows creating a bibliometric profile of a particular scientist through the environment of Google Scholar and improve the “visibility” ensuring both the improvement of his/her competitiveness and increase in the financial and economic support. There considered administrative advantages of associative complexes, similar to the Ivy League universities in America, and for the first time from the perspective of the strategiology of development there synthesized an approach regarding the creation of the given organizational structure, where the most famous classical universities would be concentrated, in Ukraine. The advantage and perspectivity of the proposed measures is the system formation of the management doctrine of financial and economic support for the scientific sphere, the optimization of using the scientific potential of the territory and ensuring its correspondence to the needs of consumers and business, the activization of publication openness and efficiency

  10. Net Neutrality, the Fairness Doctrine, and the NRB: The Tension between United States Religious Expression and Media Regulation

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    Kathryn Montalbano

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available This article analyzes the historical continuity between the opposition of the National Religious Broadcasters (NRB to the Fairness Doctrine (1949 and to the contemporary Federal Communications Commission (FCC Open Internet principle, net neutrality. These debates demonstrate how media policy discourse has shaped democratic ideals, including by designating whose voices are or are not included in broadcast and digital communication spaces. The discourse emerging from both media policy debates reveals that fears concerning cultural hegemony and the diversity of expression in the United States have intertwined with fears concerning the invasion of foreign ideologies. The article then considers the possibility of reconciling religious and secular discourse in the mediated public sphere.

  11. Is the price squeeze doctrine still viable in fully-regulated energy markets?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spiwak, L.J.

    1993-01-01

    Simply stated, a price squeeze occurs when a firm with monopoly power on the primary, or wholesale, level engages in a prolonged price increase that drives competitors out of the secondary, or retail level, and thereby extends its monopoly power to the secondary market. A price squeeze will not be found, however, for any short-term exercise in market power. Rather, because anticompetitive effects of a price squeeze are indirect, the price squeeze must last long enough and be severe enough to produce effects on actual or potential competition in the secondary market. In regulated electric industries, a price squeeze claim usually arises from the complex relationship between the supplier, the wholesale customer, the retail customer, and the federal and state regulators. The supplier sells electric power to both wholesale and retail customers. Wholesale transactions are regulated by federal regulators, and retail transactions are regulated at the state level. The wholesale customers in turn sell power to their retail customers. Over the last several years, there have been substantial developments in the application of the price squeeze doctrine to fully-regulated electric utilities. This article will examine the current developments in this area, and attempt to highlight the burdens potential litigants, both plaintiffs and defendants, must overcome to succeed

  12. The glia doctrine: addressing the role of glial cells in healthy brain ageing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nagelhus, Erlend A; Amiry-Moghaddam, Mahmood; Bergersen, Linda H; Bjaalie, Jan G; Eriksson, Jens; Gundersen, Vidar; Leergaard, Trygve B; Morth, J Preben; Storm-Mathisen, Jon; Torp, Reidun; Walhovd, Kristine B; Tønjum, Tone

    2013-10-01

    Glial cells in their plurality pervade the human brain and impact on brain structure and function. A principal component of the emerging glial doctrine is the hypothesis that astrocytes, the most abundant type of glial cells, trigger major molecular processes leading to brain ageing. Astrocyte biology has been examined using molecular, biochemical and structural methods, as well as 3D brain imaging in live animals and humans. Exosomes are extracelluar membrane vesicles that facilitate communication between glia, and have significant potential for biomarker discovery and drug delivery. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may indirectly influence the structure and function of membrane proteins expressed in glial cells and predispose specific cell subgroups to degeneration. Physical exercise may reduce or retard age-related brain deterioration by a mechanism involving neuro-glial processes. It is most likely that additional information about the distribution, structure and function of glial cells will yield novel insight into human brain ageing. Systematic studies of glia and their functions are expected to eventually lead to earlier detection of ageing-related brain dysfunction and to interventions that could delay, reduce or prevent brain dysfunction. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  13. Criteria for Copyrightability in Russian Copyright Doctrine and Judicial Practice

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    Andrey Kashanin

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This article analyzes the current state of the debate on the minimum level of creativity needed for works to be copyrightable, including dominant principles in Russian jurisprudence and judicial practice, principal trends and contradictions that arise in the course of the application of various criteria for copyrightability. An analysis of the judicial practice of recent years warrants the conclusion that standards of creativity as a criterion for copyrightability have dropped drastically. Today’s standards are similar to those of the former American ‘sweat of the brow’ doctrine. But, unlike foreign legal systems that set comparatively low standards of protectability, the Russian judiciary has not yet evolved mechanisms of compensation for risks of monopolization of public domain content. First of all, there is no practice of granting exclusive rights to a work that is similar to an earlier work but has been created independently. Secondly, the practice of refusing protection to non-unique, standard, generally known, and generally available content is dying out. Thirdly, there is currently a trend for giving a large scope of protection to works of low authorship. As a result, exclusive rights are granted to standard or generally accessible content – content that must belong to the public domain – which puts unjustified restrictions on the creative activities of other authors. Moreover, it makes their legal status unpredictable as it establishes a basis for unintended copyright violations being penalized. This amounts to a classical case of overprotection.

  14. MODERN POETRY THAT COULD/COULDN’T EXHAUST THR CLASSICAL POETICA AND SUFISM DOCTRINE FROM A MYSTIC CHANNEL

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    Dr. Hasan AKTAS

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available The poetry of classical age was pouring from twomain vessels as Divan and Mysticism. The poem of thesetwo channels were standing on two strongepistemic/basic source like Quran and Tradition. Divanand mystic poetry are in a way a secular/visible andmystic/esoteric evolution of these two rooted/epistemicsource. This evolution is being made confirm andclassical by sealing with secrets sometimes. In a way, thiscaused the Divan poetry turning into a hidden treasure.Turkish poetry which suddenly lost it’s treasure withmodernism, got contemporary and positivist with anagression of no borders. This marginality is stopped themodern poetry. This blockage entailed new developmentwhich was through the Divan and mystic poetry. Altoughthis tendency, modern poetry couldn’t exhaust Divan andmystic poetry/sufism doctrine as it produce them.Because, modern poetry hasn’t got enough power toexhaust the wonderful treasure of Divan and mysticpoetry.

  15. The vision of New Athens Charter from 2003 as urban planning doctrine in our regions

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    Krstić Nataša Z.

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available New Athens Charter represents a document made as a synthesis of what Europe has done so far in the field of urban planning doctrine. It is questionable how utopian this vision is for Europe alone, because, according to Gavrić, as Froyd says: 'I cannot integrate the German culture into the French culture regardless of the fact how familiar I am with the advantages, nor can I integrate the German language into the French language'. (Gavrić, 2003. Analogue to the abovementioned, from urban planning point of view, the integration of former Yugoslavia inhabitants is closer to reality. Actually former Yugoslavia inhabitants have common Slavic origin developed in the Balkan Peninsula, the same root in the legislation, already performed to a smaller or higher degree, acculturation and assimilation, so that the language is not an obstacle we understand each other very well. In that sense this paper should show the attempt of implementation of the New Athens Charter into scientific urban spheres (for the beginning of the republic of Serbia.

  16. Brazil's Rendition of the 'Responsibility to Protect' Doctrine: Promising or Stillborn Diplomatic Proposal?

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    Aziz Tuffi Saliba

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Brazil has actively participated in the debate around the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P doctrine. More recently, Brazil has even proposed what it believes to be a new approach—the ‘Responsibility while Protecting’ (RwP corollary to R2P. By launching its own rendition for R2P, Brazil has attempted to reinforce the role of the UN Security Council in two different ways: First, in restricting the use of force on the grounds of ‘Responsibility to Protect,’ which, according to Brazilian diplomatic reasoning, would hinge upon a multilateral assessment of the situation — a condition expected to considerably diminish the arbitrariness in decision making with respect to the use of force.  Second, Brazil aimed to highlight the necessity of reform in the UNSC, since, from a Brazilian viewpoint, the decisions of this organ must be representative in order to discharge new tasks assigned to it. Notwithstanding, Brazil's diplomatic proposal has arguably failed to gain massive support from the countries that compose the UN Security Council political establishment and seems now to be forgotten. This paper aims to provide an account on the Brazilian reaction to “Responsibility to Protect” and its first consequences.

  17. The Social Effects of Neoliberalism. The Shock Doctrine in Russia, China and Romania

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    LUCIAN-ŞTEFAN DUMITRESCU

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Initially, the theoretical foundation of the International Monetary Fund was inspired by the economic vision of John Maynard Keynes, who argued that the state may resuscitate economic life when it undergoes a downturn. If the state proved unable to restart its national economy, the International Monetary Fund would intervene, and it would not only grant loans meant to revive the economy, but also recommend infrastructure investments, the decrease of interest rates in order to resume crediting and the reduction of taxes in order to decrease the pressure on the private sector in a quasi-immovable economy. In the 1980s, Keynesian ideas were withdrawn from the theoretical foundation of the International Monetary Fund and replaced by the neo-liberal vision. According to the new economic philosophy, the International Monetary Fund would grant loans only if the states in need reduced their budget deficits, increased taxes and interest rates. In other words, instead of boosting economic activity the new IMF practices were restricting it even more. In the rest of the work we will present, using the social constructivism paradigm and the strategic identity concept, the social consequences of neo-liberal ideas in Russia, China and Romania. The shock doctrine is the state of social disorder imposed from outside, as a result of the political gap between the states of the world.

  18. Theoretical points of view on the notion of cause (consideration) of contracts in the Serbian doctrine of civil law till the adoption of the law on obligations

    OpenAIRE

    Dudaš Atila

    2011-01-01

    In this paper the author analyzes the different points of view on the notion of cause (consideration) in contract in the Serbian doctrine of civil law as until the adoption of the Law on Obligations in 1978. Having in mind that the Law, adhering to the normative solutions of the French Civil Code, explicitly regulates the institution of cause of contract, as one of the conditions of formation and validity of contract, its adoption can certainly be considered as an event of a watershed importa...

  19. Doctrine of "Fair Price” by Thomas Aquinas: background, laws of development and specific interpretation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nureev Rustem, M.

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The paper is dedicated premises of origin and patterns of development of the doctrine of “fair price” Aquinas. Showing contradictions exchange of agricultural products to urban goods and services, resulting in a developed feudalism. For agricultural products incoming to the city market, the situation was characterized as the free competition, while medieval guild tried to create a monopoly conditions for the production and sale of its products, which objectively leads to distortion of prices. Under these conditions, the development of the problem of "fair price" becomes extremely important. The paper shows how scholasticism using theological methodology, trying to solve this problem. Greed condemned, was considered evil and sin of avarice considered the source of all evils. This tradition goes back to the interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew John Chrysostom. Alexander Halensis one of the first attempted rehabilitation of commercial activities and even tried to criticize the position of the Pseudo-Chrysostom that the merchant is not pleasing to God. In the "sum of all theology" Alexander Halensis wrote that moral qualities profits depend on the circumstances of 6: 1. From the person selling (which allowed the laity, the monks are not allowed; 2. His intentions (satisfaction or desire for profit; 3. The method of sale (by fair means or fraud; 4. Time of trade (on weekdays or holidays, designed for prayer or service of God; 5. Selling place (in the market or in holy places; 6. Relationship to the buyers (which is expressed in the level - excessive or normal - the selling price. Analyzes the rationale arguments to grounding the doctrine of "fair price", show the evolution of the concept during XII - XIV centuries, as well as its relationship with the teachings of the scholastics on the percentage. The paper deals with various estimates of the concept of "fair value" of Thomas Aquinas, resulting in the history of economic thought. Critically

  20. DOCTRINAL AND IDEOLOGICAL PARADIGM OF THE CONSERVATISM IN THE WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

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    Nikola Gjorshoski

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available This paper is an illustration of certain specifications in the conservative discourse in a certain European western countries. Each one of the countries from the western hemisphere has its particular peculiarities that determine the usage of the political operation by the conservative parties. Certainly, the complexity of the conservative ideology study has been enriching with the perception of the most basic practices in the political activity of the right parties in some western countries. This paper consists of a short definition about the conservatism followed by its primary and secondary principles. Then, continues to an individual cases in a three highly developed European countries where as a sample are taken the most significant parties in the conservative and Christian Democrat ideology. The conservatism as a political ideology has been formed in the middle of the XVII century as a resistance towards the shifts and the challenges that were under influence of the enlightenment, industrialization and the urbanization. If the conservatism as a political theory, ideology and practice originates from the countries with foregoing activities, logically emerges a need to study their characteristics. The author’s intention is to represent the traits creating the content of that ideology and activity, what are the distinction marks that would be the most appealing of the certain country, as well as to prove the link with the parties from the conservative family on a European level. The study of the conservatism as a political ideology in the modern ideological- doctrinal spectrum would be certainly impossible if there is no closer look to those paradigms.

  1. Are We Too Dumb to Execute Our Own Doctrine : An Analysis of Professional Military Education, Talent Management, and Their Ability to Meet the Intent of The Capstone Concept for Joint Operations

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-04-04

    19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code ) 04/04/2016 Master’s Thesis Aug 2015 - Apr 2016 Are We Too Dumb to Execute Our Own Doctrine?: An Analysis of...Professional Military Education, Talent Management, and Their Ability to Meet the Intent of The Capstone Concept for Joint Operations. Lieutenant...development programs between PME attendance, and career progression and talent management processes used to identify and select officers for joint

  2. DOCTRINE OF A PERSONALITY IN THE THOUGHT OF THE ORTHODOX THEOLOGIANS OF THE 20TH CENTURY AS A METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE ORTHODOX ANTROPOLOGY AND HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S.A. CHURSANOV

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available n this second part of his issue author approaches the personalistic anthropologicalmodel as a methodological basis for theological analysis of the main antropological problems.These are individualism, the problem of death, the problem of detecting specificity of beinghuman, and the doctrine of love. The way Orthodox personalists treat the root problems offour human sciences, that is the philosophy of religion, the sociology, the philosophy of cul-ture and the ecology is represented in the following part of the article. The author concludesobserving some further researches in the direction considered.

  3. Theoretical points of view on the notion of cause (consideration of contracts in the Serbian doctrine of civil law till the adoption of the law on obligations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dudaš Atila

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available In this paper the author analyzes the different points of view on the notion of cause (consideration in contract in the Serbian doctrine of civil law as until the adoption of the Law on Obligations in 1978. Having in mind that the Law, adhering to the normative solutions of the French Civil Code, explicitly regulates the institution of cause of contract, as one of the conditions of formation and validity of contract, its adoption can certainly be considered as an event of a watershed importance in respect of the analysis of various theoretical points of view on the notion of cause of contract in the Serbian literature. The fact that the institution of cause of contract had not been explicitly regulated in Serbian positive law as until the adoption of Law on Obligations had its effect on the evolution of doctrine in this period in two ways. On one hand, the range of differing theoretical points of view was very wide, covered as good as all the relevant streams in the doctrine of cause, from the ones accepting this institution (so-called causalistic theories to the ones denying its legal significance in any sense (so-called anticausalistic theories. By the adoption of the Law on Obligations in 1978 the notion of cause of contract became a legal institution in Serbian positive law that had a profound impact on the evolution of doctrine. On one hand, the cause of contract was not a neglectable legal notion any more, therefore it seems entirely logical that there is as good as no authority since then who has not dedicated to the notion of cause of contract an article or two, or at least a separate part in their textbooks. On the other hand, the determination of the legislator to assign the Serbian legal system to the family of legal systems in which the notion of cause of contract is stipulated as one of conditions of formation and validity of contract, led to the shrinkage of the diapason of various, often conflicting, points of view on cause of

  4. Legal instruments for an optimal utilization of information and technology under the Intellectual Property Regime : A Study on the Implication of the Creator and Inventor Doctrine for the Utilization of Intellectual Products through Technology Transfer for the Greatest Benefit of People in Indonesia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Haq, L.M.H.

    2011-01-01

    Evaluating the consequences of the existing creator and inventor doctrine on access to information and technology (IT), this dissertation investigates the ways to find, particularly in Indonesia, the most adequate legal protection that may bridge public interest and private interest in this respect.

  5. BINDING EFFECT OF ARBITRATION CLAUSE TO THIRD PARTIES: PRIVITY OF CONTRACT DOCTRINE Vs. PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Y Sogar Simamora

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available The arbitration agreement is the legal basis for the arbitration forum to examine and adjudicate the dispute which arose from a private relationship where the parties agree to settle the dispute in arbitration forum. As an agreement, the arbitration agreement still applies the principles of contract, including the principle of privity of contract. In the doctrine of privity of contract, an agreement is only binding and have legal effect only to the parties, the agreement in principle, cannot provide profit or loss to a third party. In the arbitration agreement, only the parties are bound by the arbitration agreement that can become parties to the case investigation. However, in the development of arbitration practice also shows that a third party, not a signatory to the arbitration agreement can be held accountable through an examination of the arbitration case. Such a situation is possible if the third party is resident as a holding company or shareholder of a limited liability company, in which the limited liability company is bound by an arbitration agreement, and the holding company or shareholder proven to perform actions through a subsidiary or a limited liability resulting harm the other party.

  6. United States Army physical readiness training: rationale and evaluation of the physical training doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Knapik, Joseph J; Rieger, William; Palkoska, Frank; Van Camp, Steven; Darakjy, Salima

    2009-07-01

    This paper reviews the rationale and evaluations of Physical Readiness Training (PRT), the new U.S. Army physical training doctrine designed to improve soldiers' physical capability for military operations. The purposes of PRT are to improve physical fitness, prevent injuries, progressively train soldiers, and develop soldiers' self-confidence and discipline. The PRT follows the principles of progressive overload, regularity, specificity, precision, variety, and balance. Specificity was achieved by examining the standard list of military (warrior) tasks and determining 1) the physical requirements, 2) the fitness components involved, and 3) the training activities that most likely could improve the military tasks. Injury-prevention features include reduced running mileage, exercise variety (cross-training), and gradual, progressive training. In 3 military field studies, the overall adjusted risk of injury was 1.5-1.8 times higher in groups of soldiers performing traditional military physical training programs when compared with groups using a PRT program. Scores on the Army Physical Fitness Test were similar or higher in groups using PRT programs. In an 8-week laboratory study comparing PRT with a weightlifting/running program, both programs resulted in major improvements in militarily relevant tasks (e.g., 3.2-km walk/run with 32-kg load, 400-m run with 18-kg load, 5- to 30-second rushes to and from prone position, 80-kg casualty drag, obstacle course). When compared with traditional military physical training programs, PRT consistently resulted in fewer injuries and in equal or greater improvements in fitness and military task performance.

  7. The Methodological Analysis of the Plato’s Doctrine About Space and the Person in Dialogue “Timaeus”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viacheslav Meshkov

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The paper focus is on the main methodological sets of Plato which substantially influenced his philosophic and scientific thinking, expressed in the dialogue ‘Timaeus’, as well as defined the specific of his doctrine in relation to the cosmos and human being: the principle of substantial perfection, deterministic approach, a tendency to analyze the empiric material with the means of mathematical objects. Plato’s understanding of the cosmos and human body as lively, holistic constructions enabled their fruitful systematic studies. Shaping his teaching on the soul and the body of human being, Plato endeavored to solve one of the most complicated tasks: to establish the first theoretical, mathematised system, and under such conditions to fill the pure language of observations with ideal constructs. The author shows that one of the most important scientific achievements of the Athenian philosopher was the use of the thinking constructions of geometrical triangles, which made possible creating of the theoretical models of living organisms, with explaining their nature and functioning that was one among the first in the history of science. Moreover Plato was the first in the history of science who filled with the theoretical contents not the first elements only, but all the examined material objects.

  8. 我國專利法上均等論適用之實證研究：是變奏還是變調？ Empirical Study on the Doctrine of Equivalents in Taiwan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    張添榜 Tien-Pang Chang

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available 均等論（Doctrine of Equivalents）是決定專利侵權重要步驟之一，甚至被認為專利法中最重要的原則。實際上，由於其與專利公示作用的衝突，充滿不確定性，甚至被認為是專利法原則中，最困難且最不可預測的。當被控侵權技術超出申請專利範圍文義之外時，專利權人可依據均等論，對與專利均等之技術主張專利侵權。而判斷被控技術與專利均等的比對方式，目前我國司法實務，主要採取智慧財產局編訂之「專利侵害鑑定要點」，其中規範：若被控對象之構件，與對應申請專利範圍之要件，「係以實質相同的技術手段（Way），達成實質相同的功能（Function），而產生實質相同的結果（Result）時，則屬於該申請專利範圍要件之均等，兩者無實質差異。而所謂的實質相同，係指兩者之差異為該發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所能輕易完成者。若比對之技術手段、功能、結果其中之一有實質不同，則不適用『均等論』。而此一比對手段、功能與結果的方式，一般稱為三步測試法」。然而，「專利侵害鑑定要點」對於如何適用三步測試法，並未有夠具體的說明。本文以智慧財產法院歷來判決作實證分析，並比對美國法，探討我國司法實務上對於三步測試法進一步的適用程序與規範，檢視其中的妥適性，並提出作者之觀察與建議。 The doctrine of equivalents is one of the most difficult and unpredictable doctrines in patent law to apply. By allowing patentees to gain exclusive right beyond the literal claims in their patents, this doctrine creates tension between the adequate protection of patent right and the public notice function in the patent system. Based on the Guideline for Patent Infringement Analysis proposed by Taiwan Intellectual Property Office, to determined patent infringement under

  9. Establishing Viable and Effective Information-Warfare Capability in Developing Nations Based on the U.S. Model

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-12-01

    include law enforcement and intelligence capabilities in the lineup . However, national security strategy reflects the first four only. Figure 1...Term Joint Doctrine Identification Air Force Doctrine Identification Army Doctrine Identification Navy Doctrine Identification EW...59 Ibid., 39. 34 Term Joint Doctrine Identification Air Force Doctrine Identification Army Doctrine Identification Navy

  10. The Influence of Future Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4) on Doctrine and the Operational Commander's Decision-Making Process

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mayer, Michael G.

    1996-01-01

    Future C4 systems will alter the traditional balance between force and information, having a profound influence on doctrine and the operational commander's decision making process. The Joint Staff's future vision of C4 is conceptualized in 'C4I for the Warrior' which envisions a joint C4I architecture providing timely sensor to shoot information direct to the warfighter. C4 system must manage and filter an overwhelming amount of information; deal with interoperability issues; overcome technological limitations; meet emerging security requirements; and protect against 'Information Warfare.' Severe budget constraints necessitate unified control of C4 systems under singular leadership for the common good of all the services. In addition, acquisition policy and procedures must be revamped to allow new technologies to be fielded quickly; and the commercial marketplace will become the preferred starting point for modernization. Flatter command structures are recommended in this environment where information is available instantaneously. New responsibilities for decision making at lower levels are created. Commanders will have to strike a balance between exerting greater control and allowing subordinates enough flexibility to maintain initiative. Clearly, the commander's intent remains the most important tool in striking this balance.

  11. Bush doctrine in the Middle East; The US foreign policy towards the Middle East during the George W. Bush presidency

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lukáš Hoder

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available The article is focused at the most important elements of the US foreign policy towards the Middle East during the administration of George W. Bush (2001 – 2009. The text has two parts. The first part shows three important influences on creation and formulation of the US foreign policy towards the region. At the first place it was an effort to preserve unipolar character of the international system, hegemonic possition of the USA and its dominance in all regions. The second source was specific decision-making process set up by president Bush and the third source of the Bush strategy was a partial transformation of the US longtime policy towards the Middle East. The second part of the article discuss results of the Bush doctrine in the region. The text is focused at five most important consequences of the US foreign policy, which are the fight against proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the pursuit of the democratization throughout the region, the Israel-Palestinian conflict, regional “cold war” between Iran and Saudi Arabia and finally the struggle to stabilize the post-conflict Iraq.

  12. Nato Multinational Brigade Interoperability: Issues, Mitigating Solutions and is it Time for a Nato Multinational Brigade Doctrine?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Schiller Mark

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Multinational Brigade Operations involving NATO and its European Partners are the norm in the post-Cold War Era. Commonplace today are Multinational Brigades, composed of staffs and subordinate units representing almost every NATO Country and Partner, participating in training exercises or actual operations in both the European and Southwest Asian Theatres. Leadership challenges are prevalent for the Multinational Brigade Commander and his staff, especially those challenges they face in achieving an effective level of brigade interoperability in order to conduct successful operations in NATO’s present and future operating environments. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to examine the major interoperability obstacles a multinational brigade commander and his staff are likely to encounter during the planning and execution of brigade operations; and, to recommend actions and measures a multinational brigade commander and his staff can implement to facilitate interoperability in a multinational brigade operating environment. Several key interoperability topics considered integral to effective multinational brigade operations will be examined and analysed to include understanding partner unit capabilities and limitations facilitated by an integration plan, appropriate command and support relationships, compatible communications, synchronized intelligence and information collection, establishing effective liaison, and fratricide prevention. The paper conclusion will urge for a NATO land brigade doctrine considering doctrine’s critical importance to effective brigade command and control interoperability and the expected missions a land brigade will encounter in future NATO operating environments as part of the NATO Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF.

  13. French nuclear doctrine: in keeping with continuity and orthodoxy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sitt, Bernard

    2012-09-01

    Debate surrounding French nuclear doctrine was lively last July, and the noted opponents of the French deterrent, such as General Norlain and Paul Quiles, took the opportunity provided by the election of a new French President to speak out in favour of reviving the debate in favour of nuclear disarmament on the grounds that nuclear weapons have become ineffectual since the end of the Cold War, even though this argument was dealt with in detail in the White Paper on Defence publishing during the spring of 1994. Yet the President's choices suggest an unequivocal policy direction: The President boarded SSBN le Terrible on the 4 July, something none of his predecessors has done since Valery Giscard d'Estaing in 1974. As the Elysee Palace underlined, this gesture was meant to 'reaffirm French commitment to its deterrent'. It also follows on from the positions Mr Hollande adopted in December 2011 and March 2012 during the electoral campaign. During a simultaneous visit to the Ile Longue base, the Defence Minister made it clear that the French position revolved around sufficiency, thereby reiterating the previous posture, following President Sarkozy's announcement that the aerial component would be reduced by one third and the overall warheads capped at 300. On the 13 July, at the launch of the commission tasked with drafting a new White Paper on defence and security, the President confirmed from the outset 'the preservation of the nuclear deterrence strategy', thereby defining an unambiguous conceptual framework for this important exercise of strategic reflection. In his speech to open the Conference of the Ambassadors on the 27 August, he did not fail to recall that France is a permanent member of the Security Council Nuclear-Weapon State, following on from the tradition established by his predecessors. The continuation of the French deterrent thus appears fairly certain, even if the White Paper committee will also be tasked with formulating the best course between

  14. A UTÓPICA APLICAÇÃO DA TEORIA DA PERDA DE UMA CHANCE NO ÂMBITO DO DIREITO MÉDICO:UMA ANÁLISE DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO TJRS, TJPR E TJPE/THE UTOPIAN APPLICATION OF THE LOSS OF CHANCE DOCTRINE IN MEDICAL LAW:AN ANALISYS OF THE CASES JUDGED BY TJRS TJPR AND TJPE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor de Lucena Mascarenhas

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This essay analyzes the application of the Loss of Chance Doctrine in cases of medical civil liability. The growth of lawsuits due to medical malpractice allowed the application of multiple theories to solve the civil liability of the physician. Through a bibliographical analysis, it was observed that the Loss of Chance Doctrine cannot be applied in the medical law, because it uses data observed in studies that may not be the same of the real case. Thus, the objectification of the human body, a subjective element, demonstrates that the nuclear element of the theory is incompatible with the medical law. It was observed that 80% of judicial decisions of TJPR, TJRS and TJPE between 01.01.2014 and 09.22.2015, did not include the percentage of the chance, a violation to the contradictory and full defense. Finally, it is proposed that the percentage of recovering and healing can be used to establish the indemnity, but cannot be the only element of the judicial consideration.

  15. Jurisdiction by Necessity and the Regulation of the Transnational Corporate Actor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chilenye Nwapi

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the feasibility of using the jurisdiction by necessity doctrine to promote the accountability of transnational corporations (TNCs for extraterritorial human and environmental rights abuses committed in developing countries with weak accountability mechanisms. Under the doctrine, a court devoid of jurisdiction may nevertheless hear a dispute where it considers that there is no other court where the dispute may be heard or where the plaintiff may be reasonably expected to bring the action. The article analyzes the inadequacy of existing jurisdictional doctrines in light of the complex web of operations of TNCs, which shields them from the reach of traditional jurisdictional doctrines. After exploring the origin of the jurisdiction by necessity doctrine, the article critically examines the elements of the doctrine to see how they may be applied to the regulation of TNCs. The article argues that the emergence of the jurisdiction by necessity doctrine offers plaintiffs in transnational corporate human rights litigation a new jurisdictional possibility to weigh, as the doctrine has the potential to address some of the jurisdictional difficulties encountered in such litigation.

  16. Doctrinal Imbalance: A Study of Swedish Army Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-06-13

    that the cost of continuing the attack is too high and/or will be unsuccessful. Many countries have maintained their sovereignty without the use of...MBTs travel side by side with an IVF on each flank. This tactic is used in order to achieve frontal fire superiority and at the same time protect...

  17. Still Living in the Shadow of 1864?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wivel, Anders

    2014-01-01

    and discusses how these two doctrines have served as central bodies of principles on Denmark’s role in Europe and the world. Two attempts at challenging the two dominant doctrines – the Danish ‘footnote policy’ towards NATO in the 1980s and Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen’s ‘super atlanticism’ in the 2000s......The Danish defeat to Prussia in 1864 is typically regarded as the starting point for a reactive and pragmatic foreign policy, which was only replaced by foreign policy activism by the end of the Cold War. In contrast, this article argues that by reinterpreting Danish foreign policy practice...... and how doctrines relate to grand strategy and foreign policy practice and it sets up a simple framework for identifying doctrines and their role in Danish foreign policy. From this starting point it identifies two Danish foreign policy doctrines – the Munch doctrine and the Hækkerup doctrine...

  18. Venezuela: from doctrine to dialogue to participation in the processes of regional development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allor, D J

    1984-01-01

    . Neighborhood associations were mentioned in the decree, but their role was not formalized. This series of newly established bodies plays a role in both advisory and administrative processes. The advisory process begins at the lowest level, and local concerns are expressed upward through the hierarchy. The administrative process flows in the opposite direction. Participation remains highly formalized and is restricted to the participation of recognized leaders and organizations. For example, members of the Assembly of Participation include the state governor, representatives of municipal councils, and representatives of various industrial and commercial organizations. Despite the formal nature of the participation, the 1980 Decree clearly exhibited the trend toward decentralization predicted by John Freeman in his analysis of Venezuelan political structure and published in a book entitled "venezuela: From doctrine to Dialogue." Increased pressure will now be exerted for broader community participation in the development process, and eventually development planning will focus on the equitable distribution of development benefits rather than on the maximization of economic growth.

  19. EL PRINCIPIO DE CAPACIDAD ECONÓMICA COMO PRINCIPIO JURÍDICO MATERIAL DE LA TRIBUTACIÓN: SU ELABORACIÓN DOCTRINAL Y JURISPRUDENCIAL EN ESPAÑA The Principle of Ability to Pay as Juridical Tax Principle: Doctrinal and Jurisprudential Construction in Spain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricio Masbernat Muñoz

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo comunica acerca de la configuración normativa y la elaboración doctrinaria y jurisprudencial del principio de capacidad económica en España. El autor persigue dar a conocer en Chile una institución jurídica que es reconocida en los ordenamientos europeos y que constituye la base esencial sobre la cual se construyen sus sistemas tributarios, a objeto de que sea incorporada en Chile a través de una elaboración eórica propia a partir de los materiales normativos nacionales. Por lo anterior, el autor entrega fundamentos para justificar dicha incorporación y suministra elementos para adaptar este principio en el ordenamiento jurídico chileno. Las cuestiones contenidas en esta comunicación son amplias y complejas, propiamente se insertan en la teoría de los principios materiales de la tributación, y es la razón por la cual el autor construye su discurso a través de varios pasos independientes en una serie de artículos.The present paper communicates about the normative configuration and the doctrinal and jurisprudential elaboration of the principle of capacity to pay in Spain. The author seeks to make known in Chile a legal institution that is recognized in the European legal systems and which constitutes the essential basis of their tax systems, in order to be incorporated in Chile through an own theoretical elaboration on the basis of the national normative materials. By the previous thing, the author gives reasons to justify this incorporation and provides elements to adapt this principle in the Chilean legal order. The issues contained in this communication are vast and complex, they are inserted in the theory of the principles of tax justice, and is the reason for which the author builds his speech through several independent steps in a series of papers.

  20. Information Technology and the Organization Chart of Public Administration

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Zouridis, S.; Snellen, I.Th.M.; van de Donk, W.B.H.J.

    1998-01-01

    To a certain extent the organization chart of public administration is inspired by the doctrines which are offered by public administration science. Some of these doctrines relate to policy implementation and the design of implementing agencies. In this chapter three of these main doctrines are

  1. Nauka o ospravedlnění v díle N. T. Wrighta a její pastorační uplatnění

    OpenAIRE

    Jurčo, Pavol

    2014-01-01

    This thesis called "The doctrine of Justification in the work of N.T. Wright and its pastoral applications" describes and analyzes a view of Wright on the Justification doctrine. The aim of this thesis is to infer the pastoral implications from this doctrine for the pastoral care in church. In the first part I will describe Wright's view on the doctrine in three contexts - forensic, covenantal and eschatological. After that I will present Wright's conclusions of his exegesis of the letter to ...

  2. Separation of powers in Ghana: The evolution of the political ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This article examines the evolution and current status of the political question doctrine in Ghanaian jurisprudence, which developed from American jurisprudence. It begins by briefly discussing the history of the doctrine and its modern application in America. It then discusses how this doctrine was imported into Ghana and ...

  3. El obispo Lope de Barrientos y la sociedad judeoconversa : su intervención en el debate doctrinal en torno a la "Sentencia-Estatuto" de Pero Sarmiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Cantera Montenegro

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available El proceso de integración de los judeoconversos en la sociedad hispanocristiana resultó profundamente controvertido, y constituyó una de las cuestiones más relevantes de la Castilla del siglo xv. Los años centrales de la centuria decimoquinta estuvieron marcados por una interesante polémica doctrinal en torno a la llamada «Sentencia-Estatuto» de Pero Sarmiento, que ordenaba la exclusión de los judíos y de los judeoconversos de todos los oficios públicos de la ciudad de Toledo. En este debate intervino el obispo de Cuenca Lope de Barrientos, una de las personalidades más destacadas del panorama político y eclesiástico de la Castilla de mediados del siglo xv. Junto a otras destacadas figuras del momento (Fernán Díaz de Toledo, Alonso de Cartagena, Juan de Torquemada, Barrientos defendió la plena integración de los judeoconversos en la sociedad hispanocristiana, así como la necesidad de tolerancia hacia ios recién convertidos al cristianismo en tanto durase el proceso de adoctrinamiento en su nueva religión. El debate se prolongó durante la segunda mitad del siglo xv, imponiéndose a la larga quienes propugnaban la adopción de medidas restrictivas para con la actuación pública de los cristianos nuevos, que cristalizarían en el apartamiento de los judaizantes y de sus descendientes del ejercicio de oficios públicos y en la aparición de los «estatutos de limpieza de sangre», ya en vísperas de la Modernidad.The integration process of the jewish converts in the christian spanish society was highiy controversial and it suppoused one of the most relevant sub¡ects in the Castile of the XV century. The central years of that century were characterized by an interesting doctrinal debate around the so —called Pero Sarmiento's «Sentencia-Estatuto», that ordered the exclusión of jewish and convert jewish from all civil service jobs of the city of Toledo. The bishop of Cuenca, Lope de Barrientos, one of the most relevant

  4. A Comparison between the concepts of redemption in Christianity and intercessionin Shia Islam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohsen Rabbani

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Faith and practice are most important factors for salvation in Islam and Christianity. More over the concepts of redemption in Christianity and the intercession in Shia have also been counted as elements of salvation. There are some similarities between them, which may be led to the misunderstanding that redemption and intercession are the same whereas the definition and function of these two doctrines are different in the religious traditions of both religions. The doctrine of redemption is the essential part of Christian theology, especially in soteriology. If this doctrine is put under question, the whole structure of Christian theology will be disintegrated. But doctrine of intercession is complementary part in Shia. In this article at first, the doctrine of redemption is explained. Considering that the understanding of the concept of redemption is based on other doctrines, including anthropology, soteriology and Christology in Christian theology, at first the relationship between redemption and these concepts will be discussed. It will be declared that Christians believe that Adam's sin had grave consequences for humanity, in a way that it becomes the source of human sinfulness. In Christian point of view God was incarnated in Jesus and was crucified in order to be redemptive of Adam's sin and in order to save men. Everyone who believes in the death and resurrection of Jesus will be delivered. In the second part of the article, the question of intercession according to Shia will be discussed. It will be suggested that the nature of man is pure in Islam and man himself can reach salvation by faith and good practice. In addition, mercy of God and the intercession of Imams will help sinful persons. But in the third part of the article, some similarities and differences between these doctrines will be pointed out. I will insist mostly on their conceptual and functional differences. Their similarities include: Both doctrines need an intermediate

  5. A Comparison between the concepts of redemption in Christianity and intercessionin Shia Islam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmad Reza Meftah

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Faith and practice are most important factors for salvation in Islam and Christianity. More over the concepts of redemption in Christianity and the intercession in Shia have also been counted as elements of salvation. There are some similarities between them, which may be led to the misunderstanding that redemption and intercession are the same whereas the definition and function of these two doctrines are different in the religious traditions of both religions. The doctrine of redemption is the essential part of Christian theology, especially in soteriology. If this doctrine is put under question, the whole structure of Christian theology will be disintegrated. But doctrine of intercession is complementary part in Shia. In this article at first, the doctrine of redemption is explained. Considering that the understanding of the concept of redemption is based on other doctrines, including anthropology, soteriology and Christology in Christian theology, at first the relationship between redemption and these concepts will be discussed. It will be declared that Christians believe that Adam's sin had grave consequences for humanity, in a way that it becomes the source of human sinfulness. In Christian point of view God was incarnated in Jesus and was crucified in order to be redemptive of Adam's sin and in order to save men. Everyone who believes in the death and resurrection of Jesus will be delivered. In the second part of the article, the question of intercession according to Shia will be discussed. It will be suggested that the nature of man is pure in Islam and man himself can reach salvation by faith and good practice. In addition, mercy of God and the intercession of Imams will help sinful persons. But in the third part of the article, some similarities and differences between these doctrines will be pointed out. I will insist mostly on their conceptual and functional differences. Their similarities include: Both doctrines need an intermediate

  6. A Spoonful of (Added) Sugar Helps the Constitution Go Down: Curing the Compelled Speech Commercial Speech Doctrine with FDA’s Added Sugars Rule.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Colleen

    On May 27, 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it was adopting a new rule that requires food manufacturers to list—on the already mandated Nutrition Facts label—how many grams of sugar have been added to a food product. Many opponents have criticized this “added sugars” rule on First Amendment grounds, arguing that the rule violates the commercial speech rights of food manufacturers. Whether the rule would survive constitutional scrutiny or not is an open question because the compelled commercial speech doctrine is anything but clear. Courts are split over whether Zauderer’s rational basis test, Central Hudson’s intermediate scrutiny, or some combination of the two should apply to a mandated disclosure like FDA’s added sugars rule. This Paper explains that the added sugars rule is unique in the history of mandated nutrition labeling in that the rule is motivated largely by public health concerns and backed by reports that assert that consumers should limit their intake of added sugars. In contrast, correcting and preventing consumer deception has been a major driving force behind the remainder of FDA’s mandated nutrition labeling. Because of this distinct rationale, the added sugars rule does not fit neatly into any currently existing compelled commercial speech test. This Paper uses the added sugars rule to highlight the deficiencies in the existing tests. Finally, this Paper proposes a new compelled commercial speech test that would adequately balance the interest of all of the effected parties: the government, the public, and food manufacturers.

  7. Influences of the Canadian Armed Forces on the revision of US Army Field Manual 3-24

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-05-25

    to explore how doctrine matured throughout its collective history. Four Schools, Positivism and Anti-Positivism The history of Western doctrine...approach recognize that complexity, human emotions , and subjective beliefs influence human interactions and must be accounted for. Unlike doctrine of...also down played the impacts of a population’s preferences and emotions . Ultimately, the introduction of ratcheted escalation and marginal costs

  8. St. Maxim the Confessor’s Doctrine of the Image and Likeness to God in Man: Aspect of Synergia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Malkov Petr

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available St. Maximus the Confessor makes a distinction between “image” and “likeness” to God in man. The “image of God” pertains to human nature in general, whereas the “likeness to God” is a realisation and fulfillment of this “image” in each particular hypostasis. Likeness to God is a result of personal hypostatic effort; at the same time, likeness to God is the act of synergia of God and man, since it is accomplished by divine energies on the one hand and by a free human decision — gnomic will — on the other. Gnomic will is an important means in the achievement of likeness to God, but this hypostatic gnomic will is not innate in a human being. It is directly related to the events of the Fall and as such it should come to an end; in the eschatological future only natural human will is to remain. St. Maximus the Confessor builds his anthropology on the vocation of human beings to Theosis. Drawing a distinction between the image of God and likeness to God, St. Maximus sees the state of Theosis as an opportunity for the fulfi llment of the “image”. Achievement of the likeness to God elevates a Christian to Theosis, though St. Maximus differentiates these two notions. Theosis is entirely a gift of God, which makes it different from likeness to God, as it is not synergia of God and man but entirely the effect of Divine energies in human nature. In the eschatological future, this intrinsic unity of deifying grace with the nature of those deified — Theosis — will result in “de-activation” of energia of human nature, when the holy will freely yield their selfdominion to God, who will be the only one to act in them. However, since the notion of “likeness” is closely connected in St. Maximus’ doctrine with the hypostatic, unique and personal manner of human existence, an assumption can be made that the perfect “likeness” of deified Christians to God in the eschatological future will be the basic prerequisite

  9. Querying the Call to Introduce Mental Capacity Testing to Mental Health Law: Does the Doctrine of Necessity Provide an Alternative?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Piers Gooding

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Trends in international human rights law have challenged States globally to rethink involuntary mental health interventions from a non-discrimination perspective. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD in particular prohibits laws that discriminate on the basis of disability. However, a key criterion for compulsory mental health treatment under typical mental health legislation is a psychiatric diagnosis (in conjunction with risk of harm and other criteria. Hence, for people with mental health disabilities, rights to liberty and consent in healthcare are held to a different standard compared to other citizens. A prominent law reform option being explored by some governments and commentators for achieving non-discrimination is to replace the diagnostic criterion for triggering involuntary intervention with an assessment of mental capacity. After all, every citizen is subject to restrictions on autonomy where they are deemed to lack mental capacity, such as where concussion necessitates emergency service. However, the use of mental capacity “testing” is seen by diverse commentators as wanting in key respects. A prominent criticism comes from the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which considers mental capacity assessments a form of disability-based discrimination. This article queries the call to replace the diagnostic criterion in mental health law with an assessment of mental capacity in the light of jurisprudence on equality and non-discrimination in international human rights law. Instead, we examine the doctrine of necessity as an area of law, which might help identify specific thresholds for overriding autonomy in emergency circumstances that can be codified in a non-discriminatory way. We also consider the need for deliberative law reform processes to identify such measures, and we suggest interim, short-term measures for creating a “supported decision

  10. A perception of the qumranic dualism through the Pesharim

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clarisse Ferreira da Silva

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Despite the qumranic doctrine of the two spirits (the dualistic doctrine not being explicit or systematized in the Pesharim, we observe, clearly, its influence in this literary genre specifically qumranic. Therefore, we analyse the way in which such doctrine passes by these biblical interpretations, which became part of the apocalyptic message that the leaders of the Qumran community intended to transmit to the other members

  11. Doctrine and Discipline

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sevelsted, Anders

    The paper argues that in order to understand central aspects of modern welfare, it is important to pay attention to not only to state and secular politics, but also the religious civil society, and not only the Protestant Ethics of the large confessions (Calvinist, Lutheran, Catholic), but also...... to treatment, 3) organizational frameworks, and 4) cultural models for doing social work and for moral self‐ improvement. Turning to the Danish case, the paper further argues that due to Danish Protestantism’s tradition for leaving welfare to the state and concentrating on faith alone, the Danish revivalist...

  12. The Shock Doctrine

    OpenAIRE

    Dionysios K. Solomos; Dimitrios N. Koumparoulis

    2011-01-01

    Naomi Klein attempts to redefine the economic history discovering the historical continuities and to reveal the neoliberal theory which functions via the utilization of specific “tools”. The state of shock is the key for the opponents of Chicago School and Milton Friedman in order for them to establish neoliberal policies and to promote the deregulated capitalism which includes less welfare state, less public sector, less regulation, weakened labor unions, privatizations and laissez-faire. Th...

  13. Personal Identity and Resurrection from the Dead

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gasparov Igor

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available The paper examines arguments of the “Christian materialist” Trenton Merricks that he provided in support of the claim that the Christian doctrine of resurrection from the dead is compatible with the materialist understanding of the nature of human beings. In his paper The Resurrection of the Body, Merricks discussed two aspects of the materialist interpretation of the traditional religious doctrine of the bodily resurrection. On the one hand, he analyses and tries to overcome objections against the possibility of the general resurrection in case the materialist understanding of the nature of human personality should be true (mainly the problem of the temporal gap. On the other hand, he provides some reasons why the materialist understanding of human nature is more relevant than its dualist counterpart to the doctrine of the bodily resurrection. The present paper evaluates his arguments and discusses the suggestion that the doctrine of resurrection is not only compatible with materialism, but is also tenable if human beings are identical with their physical bodies. The conclusion of the paper is that Merricks’ apologetic arguments achieve their aims in defending the doctrine of resurrection only partially; the resurrection doctrine appears more tenable if we accept the dualistic conception of human nature.

  14. Single Port Management: Critical Link in the Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration Process

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Bush, Ralph

    1998-01-01

    .... The doctrine on single port management is still evolving and not entirely written. With clearly defined responsibilities and accepted doctrine, our ability to support geographic commanders greatly improves...

  15. U.S. Special Forces: culture warriors

    OpenAIRE

    Hill, Joshua L.

    2014-01-01

    Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited U.S. Army Special Forces (SF) are consistently called upon to work by, with, and through indigenous forces to conduct special warfare. Current SF doctrine reflects an increasing desire for SF operators to be culturally proficient in order to work closely with locals, advise foreign militaries, and build relationships with host-nation counterparts. Despite the doctrinal emphasis on cultural proficiency, SF doctrine offers little concret...

  16. Rapid Planning and Quick Decision Making during Tactical Operations

    Science.gov (United States)

    1993-01-01

    impact of a change in doctrine and the need for sound doctrine. On one hand, a major change in doctrine requires a significant institutional investment ...Shmanskiy’s Fundementals of Tactical Command and Control. Ivanov, et al, in particular offers a very precise approach to estimating the time available for a...heuristics, and groupthink. 4 4 Entrapment, according to Tanouye, is the temptation to "protect your investment and avoid embarrassment by staying the

  17. Physical Training for Armor Crewmen

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Baker, Shane

    2003-01-01

    This thesis examines the physical requirements of armor crewmen and provides a method for training them to meet those requirements based on current Army doctrine and emerging fitness doctrine using...

  18. Healing the mind/body split: bringing the patient back into oncology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greer, Steven

    2003-03-01

    The effect on oncology of the doctrine of Cartesian dualism is examined. It is argued that (1) this doctrine continues to exert a baneful (though unacknowledged) influence on the practice of oncology, (2) Descartes's doctrine of a mind/body split is mistaken, and (3) mind and body (brain) are inextricably interwoven. A biopsychosocial model of disease is advocated. The role of psychooncology in healing the mind/body split by focusing research attention on the patient is outlined.

  19. Explaining Success and Failure: Counterinsurgency in Malaya and India

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-01

    Journal of Peasant Studies 33, no. 1 (January 2006): 89. 24 Praveen Swami, “For a Review of Counterinsurgency Doctrine,”The Hindu, April 13, 2010...Malaya in the 1950s are used as a guide in formulating counterinsurgency doctrine against the Maoist-type of insurgency in India as per Praveen ...relief camps. The 39 Praveen Swami, “For a Review of Counterinsurgency Doctrine,” The Hindu, April 13, 2010, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead

  20. The battalion medical platoon: a flawed scalpel.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cannon, M W; Stoute, J A

    1992-08-01

    This article discusses the current organization and doctrine for a medical platoon in an armour-heavy task force in light of experience gained in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. The organization of and doctrine for the use of the platoon is covered first. This is followed by a discussion of how doctrine was modified based on field exercises, and projected, and actual, combat operations. It concludes with a presentation of lessons learned and recommendations for changes.

  1. Joint Operation Planning

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    2006-01-01

    .... It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the joint operation planning activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations, and provides the joint doctrinal basis...

  2. Old and New Testament figures in Mandaean version

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eric Segelberg

    1969-01-01

    Full Text Available The religion which is commonly called the Mandaean is certainly a most complex entity. There is no standardized doctrine. Neither anthropology, cosmogony nor soteriology have reached that stage of doctrinal clarity which in the West is regarded as desirable. In all these fields of doctrine there are a number of important differences, e.g. as regards such an essential doctrine as the kind or degree of dualism. But however great the doctrinal freedom has been, it has not been too great to prevent Mandaeism from being incorporated into the great flock of Gnostic systems. Some basic features of Mandaean history are known and we are aware to some extent of the components making up the system. Obviously there is a large proportion of biblical, especially Old Testament material, but equally obvious are the Iranian influences. The latter seem to be partly derived from the West, together with the Old Testament and Jewish traditions, and partly incorporated in the tradition when the Mandaeans or Protomandaeans had already settled east of the river Jordan and in Mesopotamia.

  3. The Evolution of the Joint ATO Cycle

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Winkler, Robert P

    2006-01-01

    .... The paper shows that the command and control process in current Joint Doctrine evolved over time to with particular attention paid to meeting the land component objectives using AirLand battle doctrine...

  4. Unified Treatise of Phenomena of Seismic Fusion-Fission Under Seismonomy in the Light of Monistic Weltanschauung: the Doctrine of Dynamics Monism With Implication to the Earthquake Source Physics}

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zaurov, D.

    2006-12-01

    Established profoundly new conceptual framework by the five postulates of seismonomy, enables unified treatise of processes such as dynamic structural devastation, seismic blowing up of mount ridges, collision physics, meteorite impact cratering, and seismic global faulting with insight into the earthquake source physics. Hence, by establishing the parametric method of identification of natural modes and then Parametric Scan- Window Observation of Dynamic Responses (PSW-method), it becomes possible to obtain crucial field data. Thus, earth-dam dynamics data revealed an essential non-stationarity of dam's dynamic characteristics throughout earthquakes, the effect of stochastic alternation of the locally-stationary modal states with the discrete characteristics of their spectral distribution. At this point, in the course of other, separate line of far beyond lasting quest concerning metaphysical constituents of matter, and then constitutive relation between excited modal oscillation of structures and causal pattern of their fracture, the results of such analysis, resuming obscurity of the well known jaggedness of observing earthquake spectra, were illuminated and perceived. It was succeeded, on the one hand, to establish unitary conceptualized framework of seismic records analysis consisting both the PSW- and spectral- analysis, which reformulated to be a statistical representation complementary to PSW-method, and, on the other hand, to realize genesis of the doctrine of dynamics monism consisting concepts of both: fission-fusion dynamics and dynamics coherentism as an inspiration of the paradigm of seismic fusion-fission phenomena. Global faulting originating straight plane faults, which often stretch through large scale substantially inhomogeneous volumes, are, uncontestably, the result of dynamics fission, the first step of dynamics binary division of an emerged geoseismoid onto two secondary seismoids with a potential, occasionally stretched rupture plane. That

  5. Offer and Acceptance and the Dynamics of Negotiations: Arguments for Contract Theory from Negotiation Studies

    OpenAIRE

    Pannebakker, Ekaterina

    2013-01-01

    textabstractThe doctrine of offer and acceptance forms the basis of the rules of contract formation in most western legal systems. However, if parties enter into elaborate negotiations, these rules may become difficult to apply. This paper addresses the application of the doctrine of offer and acceptance to the formation of contract in the context of negotiations. The paper argues that while the doctrine of offer and acceptance is designed to assess the issues related to the substance of the ...

  6. Legal Analysis of the Korea Radioactive Waste Management Act in the aspect of IAEA Principles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, D. S.; Chung, W. S.; Yang, M. H.; Yun, S. W.; Lee, J. H.

    2009-01-01

    According to the Principles of Radioactive Waste Management, the IAEA SAFETY SERIES NO-111-F, IAEA declared 9 doctrines. The IAEA advised a country that operates nuclear power plant to adopt the principles. As a member of the IAEA, Korea has also discussed about a unified policy and enacting law for radioactive waste management to follow the doctrines. This study analyzed the recently enacted Korea Radioactive Waste Management Act and verified whether the Act successfully follows the doctrine or not

  7. The Multinational Logistics Joint Task Force (MLJTF)

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Higginbotham, Matthew T

    2007-01-01

    In this monograph, by analyzing the UN, NATO and the US Army's evolving Modular Logistics Doctrine, the author integrates the key areas from each doctrine into a multinational logistics joint task force (MLJTF) organization...

  8. Die ontwikkeling van die leerstelling van Goddelike genesing in die Apostoliese Geloof Sending van Suid-Afrika: Enkele kerkhistoriese perspektiewe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Nel

    1993-08-01

    Full Text Available The development of the doctrine of divine healing in the Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa: some church historical perspectives In this study attention is given to the development of the doctrine of divine healing in the A.F.M of S.A., starting with its historical roots found in the holiness and revivalistic movements of the nineteenth century. A description of the preaching of the doctrine in the A.F.M of S.A. through the eighty five years of its history follows.

  9. Contractors on the Battlefield: Flexible Tool for the Operational Commander or Unacceptable Sustainment Complication

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Pennycuick, Richard

    2004-01-01

    ... over. Under the recent label of Contractors on the Battlefield (CoB), American military doctrine has blossomed over the previous decade to include joint and service level doctrine, policy and procedures for the effective employment of CoB...

  10. Die teologies-polemiese gerigtheid van Genesis 1-3: implikasies vir die gereformeerde leer oor die erfsonde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Vorster

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available The theological polemic purpose of Genesis 1-3: implications for the reformed doctrine on original sin This article focuses on the polemic nature of Genesis 1-3 and the implications thereof on the reformed doctrine regarding original sin. In the first place the views of the creation narratives as historical-literal and mythological material are discussed. Thereafter the article proposes that the creation narratives must be treated as theological material with a polemic and prophetic purpose. The implications of this for the reformed doctrine on original sin are subsequently discussed.

  11. Adaptive Army: Embracing the Concept of Operational Manoeuvre from the Sea

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-05

    PEACE Source: Headquarters Training Command- Army. Land Warfare Doctrine LWD 3-01: Formation Tactics. Australian Army, November 27, 2003. 27...Amphibious Capability Implementation Team, June 15, 2009. Headquarters Training Comrriand- Army. Land Warfare Doctrine LWD 3-0: Operations. Australian Army

  12. The Relevance of Reformed Scholasticism for Contemporary Systematic Theology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    te Velde Dolf

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This article examines how Reformed scholasticism can be relevant for systematic theology today. ‘Reformed Scholasticism’ denotes the academic practice in which the doctrines of the Reformation are expounded, explained, and defended. It is primarily a method and attitude in search of the truth, based on a careful reading of Scripture, drawing on patristic and medieval traditions, and interacting with philosophy and other academic disciplines. In addition to these methodological features, important contributions on various doctrinal topics can be discovered. The doctrine of God has a foundational role in the sense that God is the primary subject of the other topics (creation, salvation, etc.. Reformed scholastic theology not only examines God’s inner essence, but also the concrete relation and operation of God toward his world. In a Trinitarian understanding of God’s essence, a distinction is maintained between God’s immanent relatedness as three divine Persons, and his outward relation to created reality. The doctrines of creation and providence gave occasion for Reformed scholastics to engage in debates with the emerging natural sciences, and also articulated important theological insights concerning the involvement of God in creaturely affairs. In Christology, the Reformed orthodox maintained the classic doctrine of the two natures of Jesus Christ, against Socinians and other opponents. These ontological statements are the necessary conditions for a proper understanding of the salvation by Christ. While the doctrinal positions of Reformed scholastic theology cannot be automatically transmitted to contemporary discussions, we can profit from this tradition on several levels of method and content.

  13. Juvenile Justice Paradigms and Improvement of Realization of the Constitutional Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen in Russiay

    OpenAIRE

    Arpentieva M. R.

    2015-01-01

    The article is devoted to the problems of implementation and procedures of reconstructing model of juvenile justice system, it considers foreign and domestic experience (problems) of juvenile justice. The author compares the doctrines of juvenile justice, including the doctrine of punitive and understanding justice.

  14. Juvenile Justice Paradigms and Improvement of Realization of the Constitutional Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen in Russiay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arpentieva M. R.

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available The article is devoted to the problems of implementation and procedures of reconstructing model of juvenile justice system, it considers foreign and domestic experience (problems of juvenile justice. The author compares the doctrines of juvenile justice, including the doctrine of punitive and understanding justice.

  15. Offer and Acceptance and the Dynamics of Negotiations: Arguments for Contract Theory from Negotiation Studies

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    E. Pannebakker (Ekaterina)

    2013-01-01

    textabstractThe doctrine of offer and acceptance forms the basis of the rules of contract formation in most western legal systems. However, if parties enter into elaborate negotiations, these rules may become difficult to apply. This paper addresses the application of the doctrine of offer and

  16. Rule of law and legal epistemology

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tjong Tjin Tai, Eric; Feteris, Eveline; Kloosterhuis, Harm; Plug, José; Smith, Carel

    2016-01-01

    In the positivistic conception of law, sources of law (statute, precedent) are strictly distinguished from other legal materials such as doctrine. Courts as well as academia are, however, beginning to recognise the legal relevance of doctrine and case law of lower courts. This acceptance of such

  17. TANGGUNG JAWAB RUMAH SAKIT TERHADAP KERUGIAN AKIBAT KELALAIAN TENAGA KESEHATAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Setya Wahyudi

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Justification hospital responsible for the losses resulting from the negligence of health workers in hospitals, namely the existence of the doctrine of respondeat superior, the doctrine of the hospital responsible for the quality of care (duty to care; and doctrine of vicarious liability, hospital liability, corporate liability. These doctrines are implemented on the provisions of Article 46 of Law Hospital in Indonesia, which determines that the hospital liable for all losses incurred on the negligence of health personnel in hospitals. The implications of the provisions was not easy for the public / patients to make compensation claims to the hospital, because it turns out there are reasons that can cause not all acts of negligence of health workers in hospitals is responsibility of the hospital. These reasons, such as health workers are not workers in the hospital; not know what parts are included in the therapeutic agreement with the doctor and what parts are included into the into the contract with the hospital.

  18. A Case Against Scientific Creationism: A Look at Content Issues.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kenkel, Father Leonard A.

    1985-01-01

    Discusses: (1) the theology of creation (religion); (2) evolution (science); and (3) scientific creationism (religious doctrine and pseudoscience). Points out that contrary to its claim, the latter is a sectarian religious doctrine in the guise of science demanding to be taught in the classroom "as a science." (JN)

  19. Post Danmark II, Now Concluded by the ECJ

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lundqvist, Björn

    2016-01-01

    the competition law doctrine for rebates unchanged and, more specifically, made it obvious that the ECJ does not support a general exclusive as-efficient-competitor test in the rebate abuse arena. However, the article continues and concludes that by clinging on to the competition law doctrine regarding rebate...

  20. Meeting of the High Committee - 13 December 2012: Report by the national commission of assessment of the financing of nuclear liabilities on a long term (CNEF); Elements of doctrine for the post-accidental management of a nuclear accident; Interventional radiology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lepine, M.; Gallay, Florence; Aubert, Bernard

    2012-01-01

    The first part of this document proposes a report made by the national commission of assessment of the financing of the nuclear liabilities on a long term (CNEF): presentation of the administrative authority, assessment of liabilities, assets, and remarks. The second part contains elements of doctrine for the post-accidental management of a nuclear accident: works made by the CODIRPA, definition of three critical objectives and six key issues for post-accidental management, post-accidental zoning, first post-accidental measures for the protection of the population, future objectives for CODIRPA work groups. The third part addresses interventional radiology: definition, specificities (uses, characteristics, continuous increase, number of sessions), related risks, clinic evidence and thresholds and delays of appearance of cutaneous effects, international concern, legal and regulatory framework (radiation protection measures), incidents known by the IRSN, results of a national survey on patient radiation protection in interventional cardiology centres, perspectives and expectations, worker exposure, recommendations regarding the regulatory framework, professional training, equipment and patient monitoring, information on potential undesired effects

  1. DOKTRIN ULTRA VIRES DAN KONSEKUENSI PENERAPANNYA TERHADAP BADAN HUKUM PRIVAT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johnny Ibrahim

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available An acts is ultra vires when corporation is without authority to perform it under any circumstance or for any purpose beyond the scope of the powers of corporation, as defined by its charter or by law of incorporation. Some countries restrict the application of the doctrine of ultra vires but do not abolish it. Indonesia adopt doctrine of ultra vires in some of its law such as Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Company and Law No. 25 of 2003 concerning Anti Money Laundering. The provisions of ultra vires doctrine has impact to other legal person than Limited Liability Company.

  2. Terrorgruppers brug af moderne teknologi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Mikkel Storm

    2008-01-01

    or affiliated groups tend to follow certain doctrines in spite of operational risks. −General doctrines and limitations within the skills of the respective groups shape the employment of technologies. The groups face a choice between utilizing current skills or risking communication to gain access to more...... advanced technologies. Communications present an opportunity to detect Islamic terrorist activities. −Terrorists apparently develop new technologies and adjust doctrines in order to de-feat developments in countermeasures. −Indications suggest that within the examined timeframe, an organisation with scien......-tific resources developed a new hydrogen-peroxide based explosive and distributed knowledge of this technology to Western Islamic terrorist groups visiting Pakistan....

  3. Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin 1800-1995

    Science.gov (United States)

    1998-01-01

    with the levee board and the doctrine of equitable estoppel 166 Designing the Bayous eliminated any requirement by the federal government to pay for...Homer S. Cummings to Secretary of War George H. Oem, Washington, D.C., 5 September 1933. The doctrine of equitable estoppel asserts that a party’s

  4. The secret of René Guénon: A critical review of Guénon's traditionalism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Poznanović Željko

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to present the basic principles of the doctrine of René Guénon (1886-1951, a French thinker of broad and comprehensive scope when it comes to Hinduism, Western Occult Tradition, Freemasonry, Taoism, symbolism and certain aspects of metaphysics. His teaching did not leave a mark in the mainstream of philosophy, yet it founded a whole syncretic movement known as Traditionalism or Perennialism. While Guénons doctrine is commonly either ignored or accepted as unquestionably true, a critical approach to it is very rare, especially criticism of the logical coherence of the system itself. Although Guénon was not a transparently systematic thinker, his own beliefs just like any other cannot be self-contradictory. A special attention is given to the contradiction of his doctrine with Islam despite the fact that Guénon was a declared Muslim. In this paper we have particularly shown socio-political implications of Guénons doctrine supporting our attitudes by both Guénons own statements and the statements of his supporters as well as critics ranging from moderate to the most severe ones. We hope we have shown that in his doctrine there is a hidden coherent system that leads to conclusions and objectives that are precisely determined regardless of apparent contradictions.

  5. Anything goes: An apology for parallel distributed legal science

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hage, Jacob

    2016-01-01

    Doctrinal legal science seems to lack a proper method and purpose. This interpretation clarifies its value. The backbone of the argu- ment consists of two theses. The first is that coherence—in a sense unusu- al in law—plays a crucial role in legal science. The second is that doctrinal legal science

  6. Work for Hire for Nonacademic Creators.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herrington, TyAnna K.

    1999-01-01

    Examines the Work for Hire Doctrine and its importance to technical communication instructors who prepare students to create intellectual products in workplace settings. Explains how the Doctrine operates in practice, charts the progressive legal treatment of work for hire through case law, and notes the developing trend in the courts to support a…

  7. Soviet New Thinking: Perspectives and Implications

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-03-29

    and leading military theorist, as quoted in Steven P. Adragna , "A New Soviet Military? Doctrine and Strategy", Orbis, Spring, 1989, p. 166. 22... Adragna , pp. 166-68. 22. Soviet Battlefield Development Plan. Vol I: Soviet General Doctrine for War, p.1-8. 24. Goure, pp. 36-37. 25. William E. Odom

  8. Revue Burkinabè de droit

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    la RBD se compose de trois parties : doctrine - jurisprudence - chronique de législation. La partie doctrine comprend des articles de droit de burkinabè, écrits essentiellement par les enseignants de l'UFR/Sciences Juridiques et Politiques. La partie jurisprudence comprend une sélection des décisions et arrêts des ...

  9. The Alleged Oddness of Ethical Egoism

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marietta, Don E., Jr.

    1977-01-01

    There are some critics of ethical egoism who treat it seriously as an ethical doctrine, but consider it an odd approach. Examines this doctrine and suggests that if we are to have the benefit of egoism as a sound ethical approach, or rightly assess its inadequacies, we must first see it fairly. (Author/RK)

  10. L’attualit della dottrina cristologica di Calcedonia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janusz Królikowski

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available The Christological doctrine de fi ned during the Chalcedon Council (451 was the point of reference to consolidate the Christian doctrine in the fi fth century. It also became the foundation of the evangelizing mission led by the Church in the following centuries. In the context of the new challenges and interpretation a question, whether the Chalcedon doctrine needs to be reinterpreted, arises. This article tries to show the relevance of the Christological dogma which was de fi ned by the Chalcedon Council. The attention is paid to this dogma rooted in the Church Tradition and also to its soteriological and anthropological meaning. The soteriological perspective, which was given the utmost importance during the Chalcedon Council and similarly during other councils held in the fi rst millennium, proves the doctrinal relevance of the dogma and furthermore makes it more meaningful. From the hermeneutic point of view this article presents the need of referring to the principle of theological apophatism in order to interpret the dogma correctly.

  11. TANGGUNG JAWAB RUMAH SAKIT TERHADAP KERUGIAN AKIBAT KELALAIAN TENAGA KESEHATAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Setya Wahyudi

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Justification hospital responsible for the losses resulting from the negligence of health workers in hospitals, namely the existence of the doctrine of respondeat superior, the doctrine of the hospital responsible for the quality of care (duty to care; and doctrine of vicarious liability, hospital liability, corporate liability. These doctrines are implemented on the provisions of Article 46 of Law Hospital in Indonesia, which determines that the hospital liable for all losses incurred on the negligence of health personnel in hospitals. The implications of the provisions was not easy for the public / patients to make compensation claims to the hospital, because it turns out there are reasons that can cause not all acts of negligence of health workers in hospitals is responsibility of the hospital. These reasons, such as health workers are not workers in the hospital; not know what parts are included in the therapeutic agreement with the doctor and what parts are included into the into the contract with the hospital. Key words: hospital responbility; negligence, health workers

  12. [Study on the excavated wooden carved acupuncture statue of the Western Han Dynasty in Laoguanshan].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, L X

    2017-05-28

    The painted red lines on the wooden carved acupuncture statue of Western Han Dynasty in Laoguanshan, illustrate the running courses of the"eleven meridians"on the body surface in the early meridian doctrine. The carved white lines show the body surface running courses of the"twelve meridians"in the meridian doctrine and the Sanjiao images in Sanjiao doctrine. The dots on the wooden carved acupuncture statue are of two categories, one of them is of regulatory, round and concave spots, which are carved before the process of lacquer undercoat. The other category is of different sizes and in irregular forms, which are carved simultaneously with those white lines. Altogether there are over one hundred dots in these two categories, representing the mai shu (transport point of vessels). The wooden carved acupuncture statue reflects the distinct characteristics on the running courses of meridians, Sanjiao doctrine, the nomenclature and localization of" mai shu "in Bianque medicine, which provides the most powerful evidence for the confirmation of the correlation between Laoguanshan excavated documents and Bianque medicine.

  13. From universal prescriptive to Kantian utilitarianism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dobrijević Aleksandar T.

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available The author re-examines Hare's multiple ways of connecting his metaethical with his normative doctrine, which is in formal sense determined as "Kantian utilitarianism", and in substantive sense as "preference-utilitarianism". Critical references to both dimensions of utilitarian doctrine aim at indication on scopes and limits of Hare's ambitious redefinition of the doctrine. Further on he discusses about so-called "necessary ingredient" of moral reasoning under the name of "sympathetic imagination", which Hare grasps in his developed theory not only as a normative demand but also as a logical thesis. Finally, he considers kinds of preferences that can or cannot be recognized (with help of established set of criteria as morally relevant.

  14. Psychological Operations Changes that the Peruvian Army Should Implement During Counterinsurgency Operations Against the Informational Campaigns of Sendero Luminoso Political Branch Since 2000

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-06-09

    reformulate its PSYOPS doctrinal framework in terms of Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership , Personnel, and Facilities (DOTMLPF-P...Training, Materiel, Leadership , Personnel, and Facilities (DOTMLPF-P). v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank all the people who contributed in...Strategic and International Studies, 1990), 62. 5 Ibid. 5 requirements and their ideology was unable to coexist with Peruvian democratic

  15. A Schematic Evaluation of the Impact of Heresies and Persecution in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    While the blood of the martyrs is the seed of Christianity, the errors of heresy have at particular moments of the church's life, called the attention of the church to the need to much formally define her doctrines and often times elevating some of such doctrines to the status of irreformable dogmas presented to the faithful and ...

  16. Developing Sustainable Afghan National Security Forces

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-08

    codifies approved methods and techniques throughout an organization. “Doctrine is accepted corporate knowledge; it is authoritative . By definition...doctrine provides authoritative guidance on how the organization ought to operate with current capabilities. It therefore provides the basis for...nutrition; and infant, child, and maternal mortality. . . . Furthermore, Afghanistan’s prospects for growth are severely limited by weak economic

  17. The Availability of Judicial Review Regarding Military Base Closures and Realignments

    Science.gov (United States)

    2005-06-30

    held that the President is not subject to the APA, due to separation of powers principles.37 Base Closure Act Claims The Dalton Court distinguished...that the 1988 Base Closure Act violated the non-delegation doctrine and the separation of powers doctrine.53 However, the Base Closure Act has not yet been held unconstitutional by any federal appellate courts.

  18. Strategic PSYOP Management: A Marketing Management Approach

    Science.gov (United States)

    2005-03-01

    advertising , and public relations. This study will not examine advanced marketing strategies designed for intra- market competition. E. METHODOLOGY The...doctrine, and ultimately develop a national PSYOP marketing strategy . Without accepting these principles PSYOP will be limited to ineffective advertising ...implementations of marketing strategies into U.S. doctrine, a hypothetical case study of recommended changes, and conclusion. G. CONCLUSION U.S. suffers

  19. Racial Extremism in the Army

    Science.gov (United States)

    1998-04-01

    of Deference ...................................................................................................... 46 1. The Separation of Powers Doctrine...to the military. This deference has a two-fold basis. First, the separation of powers in the U.S. Constitution gives authority to the executive (and...Why should there be judicial deference to the Army’s policy on extremism? There are two principal reasons. First, the Constitution’s separation of powers doctrine

  20. Welfarism versus 'free enterprise': considerations of power and justice in the Philippine healthcare system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sy, Peter A

    2003-10-01

    The just distribution of benefits and burdens of healthcare, at least in the contemporary Philippine context, is an issue that gravitates towards two opposing doctrines of welfarism and 'free enterprise.' Supported largely by popular opinion, welfarism maintains that social welfare and healthcare are primarily the responsibility of the government. Free enterprise (FE) doctrine, on the other hand, maintains that social welfare is basically a market function and that healthcare should be a private industry that operates under competitive conditions with minimal government control. I will examine the ethical implications of these two doctrines as they inform healthcare programmes by business and government, namely: (a) the Devolution of Health Services and (b) the Philippine Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). I will argue that these doctrines and the health programmes they inform are deficient in following respects: (1) equitable access to healthcare, (2) individual needs for premium healthcare, (3) optimal utilisation of health resources, and (4) the equitable assignment of burdens that healthcare entails. These respects, as considerations of justice, are consistent with an operational definition of 'power' proposed here as 'access to and control of resources.'

  1. Learning on the Move, OSS Detachment 101 Special Operations in Burma

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-06-12

    actions would serve as shaping effects for larger conventional operations. Modern US Army Special Operations doctrine further supports this...their irregular brand of warfare as the decisive operation for a campaign where conventional forces were not suitable, prepared, or politically...Operations doctrine, America’s early SOF did not have the luxury of implementing schoolhouse solution sets and designed each solution as a campaign unfolded

  2. Nodes and Codes: The Reality of Cyber Warfare

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-05-17

    respectively. The avionics in Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner require approximately 6.5 million lines of code while the current S-Class Mercedes Benz requires over 20...leaders (demonstrated through outdated policy, theory, and doctrine) and the reality of warfare in 1914 (dictated by innovation, technology , and...or the guidelines to military action codified in doctrine? How are states using the latest technological innovations as violent instruments of

  3. Always Turning the Other Cheek?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dosenrode, Søren

    2009-01-01

    This chapter examines the development in Christian doctrin concerning the question of resistance, from the 1st century after Christ until today, and compares it to political science thinking on the same topic......This chapter examines the development in Christian doctrin concerning the question of resistance, from the 1st century after Christ until today, and compares it to political science thinking on the same topic...

  4. Will the Current Solution Survive the Future Battlespace? An examination of the Combatant Role of the Australian Army’s Protected mobility capability

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-10

    Interim Infantry Mobility Vehicle IMV Infantry Mobility Vehicle INTERFET International Force East Timor LOE Lines of Effort LWD -1 Land Warfare...produce strategically relevant and combat ready forces.”39 This doctrinal publication, Land Warfare Doctrine 1 ( LWD 1), echoes the difficulties outlined...time. The acknowledgement of this concern is further underlined in LWD 1 which enunciates that “while the strategic situation can change quickly

  5. The Similarities of the Mean between Confucius and Aristotle

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    苗亚男; 庄梦琪

    2017-01-01

    The doctrine of the Mean is praised by Aristotle and Confucius. It has an important academic position in ethics theories both in the Western and Eastern philosophical fields. Having a better understanding of the doctrine of the Mean will benefit us in further study of virtuous ethical theories. By comparison, we can discover that the thoughts of Confucius and Aristotle have many similar places.

  6. Rational choice and the political bases of changing Israeli counterinsurgency strategy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brym, Robert J; Andersen, Robert

    2011-09-01

    Israeli counterinsurgency doctrine holds that the persistent use of credible threat and disproportionate military force results in repeated victories that eventually teach the enemy the futility of aggression. The doctrine thus endorses classical rational choice theory's claim that narrow cost-benefit calculations shape fixed action rationales. This paper assesses whether Israel's strategic practice reflects its counterinsurgency doctrine by exploring the historical record and the association between Israeli and Palestinian deaths due to low-intensity warfare. In contrast to the expectations of classical rational choice theory, the evidence suggests that institutional, cultural and historical forces routinely override simple cost-benefit calculations. Changing domestic and international circumstances periodically cause revisions in counterinsurgency strategy. Credible threat and disproportionate military force lack the predicted long-term effect. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2011.

  7. Aristotle and Double Effect

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Di Nucci, Ezio

    2014-01-01

    There are some interesting similarities between Aristotle’s ‘mixed actions’ in Book III of the Nicomachean Ethics and the actions often thought to be justifiable with the Doctrine of Double Effect. Here I analyse these similarities by comparing Aristotle’s examples of mixed actions with standard...... cases from the literature on double effect such as, amongst others, strategic bombing, the trolley problem, and craniotomy. I find that, despite some common features such as the dilemmatic structure and the inevitability of a bad effect, Aristotle’s mixed actions do not count as cases justifiable...... through application of the Doctrine of Double Effect because they fail to meet the crucial necessary condition of the Doctrine according to which the bad effect can only be a merely foreseen side- effect and not an intended means....

  8. Strategy: A Philosophy of Doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1983-06-01

    Strategy is a complex subject. It has no answers; only- informed opinion and judgment, based on a study of history. In an era of positivism ...materialism, and quantitative analy- sis, such indeterminacy is discomforting. Yet, because of the uncertain environment of strategy, planners and decision...has been applied. One such fault is the ability to "lie" with statistics, which largely defeats the purpose of rigorous quantitative analysis

  9. Network Policy and Economic Doctrines

    Science.gov (United States)

    Atkinson, Robert D.

    2010-01-01

    For many years, debates over telecommunications network policy were marked by a relative lack of partisan and ideological conflict. In the last decade, this has changed markedly. Today, debates over a whole set of issues, including broadband competition, net neutrality, copyright, privacy, and others, have become more contentious. These…

  10. Greece and the Truman Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    1980-03-01

    Greek Government, and Papandreou then put them all under the control of British General Scobie . Scobie was charged with leading the Allies back to...communist-led guerrillas. Con- sequently, he ordered General Scobie to use all prudent means to put down the insurrection. Churchill’s instruc- 21 tions...to Scobie stated in part: "Do not however hesitate to act as if you were in a conquered city where a local rebellion is in progress. . . We have to

  11. 論美國數位千禧年著作權法中反規避濫用原則之發展 The Development of Misuse Doctrine under DMCA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    蔡岳勳 Dennis Yueh-Hsun Tsai

    2007-06-01

    the anti-circumvention provisions, this legal protection of technological measures as such permits proprietary control over any kind of information, protected or not under copyright, which granting the content provider what might arguably be considered as a “Paracopyright” without the built-in limitations and restrictions of traditional copyright law, such as the fair-use doctrine. As a result, the public are concerning about the in coming World of Pay-Per-Use, and the traditional limitations on copyright, such as the fair use may be unavoidable evaporated under such new legislation. Moreover,some recent litigation may have showed that anti-circumvention provisions have been suspiciously utilized by some copyright owners as a means to restrain trade and competition. In light of this situation, scholars in the U.S. began to discuss and advocate the “Anti-circumvention Misuse Doctrine,” hoping this affirmative defense, which evolved form the patent law, can mitigate the impact caused by anticircumvention provisions to the copyright related markets.

  12. Strategic Studies Quarterly. Volume 3, Number 2, Summer 2009

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-01-01

    past decade. India’s market reforms have started to slowly dismantle a Victorian - era bureaucracy and a Soviet- style com­ mand economy. Politically...changing, and the transfer of technology is becoming a central part of the transformed relationship. • India’s economy is shifting from a Soviet- style ...services. Having British traditions and British-based mili­ tary doctrines, moving to an American- style force structure, doctrine, and maintenance method

  13. The Role of the NCO Inside the BCT Command Post

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-11-22

    formation. Doctrine 2015 introduced the importance of mission command doctrine into operations at all levels of leadership, and in the last five...utilizing tents is crucial to support the combined arms maneuver of the brigade. Physical layout of the command post can promote or hinder the ability to...equipment when a printer starting printing or a coffee maker was turned on? Understanding how PDISE configurations distribute loads in order to maintain

  14. Frustration of contract e impossibility of performance en el common law inglés

    OpenAIRE

    José Félix Chamie

    2009-01-01

    Sumario: i. Premisa. Formación de la doctrina de la frustration of contract. ii. Implied term theory. iii. Just and reasonable solution theory. iv. Foundation of contract theory. v. Radical change in the obligation: The “Construction theory”. vi. Efectos de la aplicación de la doctrine of frustration. vii. Límites de la jurisprudencia a la aplicación de la doctrine of frustration of contract

  15. We Were Caught Unprepared: The 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli War

    Science.gov (United States)

    2008-01-01

    and would conduct the majority of its operations using standoff-based fi repower . Available historic evidence appears to indicate this rationale was...south of the Litani. The supplies were secreted in well-fortifi ed bunkers and entrenchments designed to withstand blistering IDF-precision fi repower ...Hezbollah to modify its doctrine. By the early summer of 2006, Hezbollah had transformed its original 13 22 principles of warfare (a doctrine that had

  16. Defense Acquisition Review Journal. Volume 14, Number 3, Dec 2007

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-12-01

    accounting for nearly half of the DoD’s total annual expenditures ( Apgar & Keane, 2004, p. 45). Equally significant has been the dramatic increase in service...for contract management responsibilities is exemplified by guidelines provided in the Army’s own doctrinal manual , noting that “there is no...Army Field Manual (FM) 3-100, 2003). Existing doctrinal guidelines for managing deployed contractors were described by one recent GAO report as

  17. Defense AR Journal. Volume 14, Number 3, Dedcember 2007

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-12-01

    accounting for nearly half of the DoD’s total annual expenditures ( Apgar & Keane, 2004, p. 45). Equally significant has been the dramatic increase in...leaders for contract management responsibilities is exemplified by guidelines provided in the Army’s own doctrinal manual , noting that “there is no...U.S. Army Field Manual (FM) 3-100, 2003). Existing doctrinal guidelines for managing deployed contractors were described by one recent GAO report

  18. Determining the ’Gap’

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-05-01

    Army training doctrine, and by adjusting the curriculum of the officer core in order to close the knowledge gap . The author closes by concluding...fight. The research to find these gaps begins with a process trace of doctrine from 1976 to the present, starting with the advent of Active Defense...discovering the one gap , three were found. Upon further examination below, even these initially perceived gaps dissipate under close scrutiny. Gap

  19. Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ). Volume 11, Number 1. Spring 2017

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-04-01

    9. Jeffrey Goldberg , “The Obama Doctrine,” The Atlantic, April 2016, http://www.theatlantic .com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525...he could not derive the actual historical variations in the types, intensities, durations, and outcomes of what he dubbed “real” warfare simply by...poorly understood the implications of their preemption-dependent war plans and alliance commitments. Regardless of the variations in detail among the

  20. The Other Quiet Professionals: Lessons for Future Cyber Forces from the Evolution of Special Forces

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-01-01

    tions Command), John Mense (INSCOM), Paul Schuh (JFCC-NW), Russell Fenton (U.S. Army Network Enterprise Technology Command), and CW5 Todd Boudreau and...Surdu, 2009, pp. 16–17). Doctrine Irregular warfare and SOF doctrine lagged operational activities after the Vietnam War and prior to the...forces are, at their operating core, small teams of highly skilled specialists, and both communities value skilled personnel above all else. Irregular

  1. Exportação de democracia na política externa norte-americana no pós-Guerra-Fria: doutrinas e o uso da força Exporting of democracy in American foreign policy in the post-Cold War period: the doctrine and the use of force

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Helena de Castro Santos

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa os pilares da política externa americana no pós-guerra fria, mirando o lugar que ai ocupa democracia e sua relação com segurança. Busca-se mais especificamente as bases da doutrina da política externa que justificam a exportação de democracia pelo uso da força. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo quantitativa e qualitativa de 415 discursos dos Presidentes e Secretários de Estado entre 1989 e 2008.The article analyses the pillars of the American foreign policy in the post-cold war period, focusing on the importance democracy vis-à-vis security plays in it as well as their relationship. More specifically the work aims to define the bases of the doctrine of the foreign policy that justify exporting democracy by the use of force. It was used quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 414 speeches of the Presidents and Secretaries of States in the period 1989-2008.

  2. Nikolay Lossky’s Cosmology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gennadii Aliaiev

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available The paper focuses on cosmological ideas of a twentieth-century Russian philosopher Nikolay Lossky (1870-1965. It specifies the place of these ideas within the entire framework of his philosophical views, as well as in the context of his topology of philosophical systems, in particular ― the discrimination between organic and non-organic worldview. A historico-philosophical analysis of Lossky’s cosmology allows revealing the interaction of gnoseological and ontological principles of his system, e.g. explicating the difference of Lossky’s intuitionism from the one of Bergson. The key section of the organic worldview is the doctrine of the hierarchy of substantival agents: the hierarchical personalism, as well as the notions of transcreation, dynamic understanding of matter, and the doctrine of free will closely related to it. The paper specifies the peculiarities of Lossky’s interpretations of panvitalism and panpsychism, as well as the doctrine of reincarnation, which has a particular place in his system. The final stage of Lossky’s cosmological ideas development is his ontological aesthetics: on this stage he understands the world as an embodiment of beauty. The conclusion is drawn that Lossky’s cosmological doctrine is Christian and metaphysical in its nature.

  3. Quarrels over Sacred Space. The Tlajomulco Doctrina in the Late-Colonial Period

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Refugio de la Torre Curiel

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available This article  explores how historical  actors who interact in a sacred space create, confront and rebuild it in several ways. The author chose to study the Tlajomulco doctrina in the  late colonial period in order to analyze some changes undergone during the secularization of a Franciscan doctrine. He also studies the institutional dimension of the doctrine in order to understand how the Guadalajara diocese  and  the Franciscan province of Jalisco related to this particular sacred  space. The  analysis of quarrels over property and authority over the doctrine enables the author to discuss what this sacred  space meant to ministers and  parishioners  and  to conclude that each form of interaction with a sacred  space represents a particular way of understanding society and, more specifically, religiosity.

  4. Can we do without nuclear?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cothier, Philippe

    2013-01-01

    The author first recalls the background of nuclear deterrence and the history of the French nuclear arsenal within the Cold War context. He comments the evolution of this arsenal after the US initiatives during the 1980's, and then analyses the situation at the beginning of the 21. century: end of the East-West confrontation, increase of NATO's interventions abroad, war against terrorism by the USA. But the Iranian and North-Korean nuclear programs gave a new momentum to the nuclear. The author discusses the various concepts and approaches of nuclear doctrines and deterrence, and wanders whether France still needs a doctrine relying on nuclear weapons as nuclear weapons are actually present, as the French deterrence doctrine is put in question again, and as some countries seem to be an actual nuclear threat (North Korea, Iran)

  5. Theoretical explanations and practices regarding the distinction between the concepts: judicial error, error of law and fundamental vice in the legislation of the Republic of Moldova

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vasilisa Muntean

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available In the research, a doctrinal and legal analysis of the concept of legal error is carried out. The author provides a self-defined definition of the concept addressed and highlights the main causes and conditions for the occurrence of judicial errors. At present, in the specialized legal doctrine of the Republic of Moldova, the problem of defining the judicial error has been little approached. In this respect, this scientific article is a scientific approach aimed at elucidating the theoretical and normative deficiencies and errors that occur in the area of reparation of the prejudice caused by judicial errors. In order to achieve our goal, we aim to create a core of ideas and referral mechanisms that ensure a certain interpretative and decisional homogeneity in the doctrinal and legal characterization of the phrase "judicial error".

  6. India’s Military Aviation Market: Opportunities for the United States

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-01-01

    slowly dismantle a Victorian - era bureaucracy and a Soviet- style com­ mand economy. Politically, India has moved towards a more positive relationship with...becoming a central part of the transformed relationship. • India’s economy is shifting from a Soviet- style command economy to a modern economy, and this...tary doctrines, moving to an American- style force structure, doctrine, and maintenance method will prove to be a difficult but not impossible jump

  7. Combined Arms Maneuver, Wide Area Security, and Dynamic Capabilities

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-21

    Operation (COIN) had its origins in field manuals (FM’s), like FM 31-20, Operations against Guerrilla Forces (1951). The Army revised its doctrinal...work were the publication of a new counterinsurgency doctrinal manual , in December of 2006. Most of the work on this manual did not occur until 2005...October 2, 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp.dyn/content/article/2007/10/01/ ar2007100101760. htp (accessed January 15, 2012). 53 U.S

  8. Legal Positivist Theory Versus Historicist and Cultural philosophy of law

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jarvad, Ib Martin

    2007-01-01

    Presentation and analysis of the particular Danish tradition of interpretation of statute law by motives from the legislative process and the background in the particular Danish doctrine of democracy af expounded by Alf Ross and Hal Koch.......Presentation and analysis of the particular Danish tradition of interpretation of statute law by motives from the legislative process and the background in the particular Danish doctrine of democracy af expounded by Alf Ross and Hal Koch....

  9. Frustration of contract e impossibility of performance en el common law inglés

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Félix Chamie

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Sumario: i. Premisa. Formación de la doctrina de la frustration of contract. ii. Implied term theory. iii. Just and reasonable solution theory. iv. Foundation of contract theory. v. Radical change in the obligation: The “Construction theory”. vi. Efectos de la aplicación de la doctrine of frustration. vii. Límites de la jurisprudencia a la aplicación de la doctrine of frustration of contract

  10. Bentham’s Panopticon and Instrumentalization of Human Rights

    OpenAIRE

    Beytía Reyes, Pablo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

    2017-01-01

    This paper reviews the foundations of Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism and the main criticisms to this doctrine, especially those which deem it incompatible with unconditional respect of human rights. Bentham’s Panopticon, his proposal on prison reform published in the late eighteenth century, is discussed. Based on the analysis of the Panopticon –which is a consistent application of Bentham utilitarianism–, the author concludes that a) this doctrine promotes a humanitarian approach, although ...

  11. Joint Force Quarterly (Issue 71, 4th Quarter, October 2013)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    foreign troops to set foot on Libyan soil .12 So in addition to being the first test of R2P, Odyssey Dawn was almost purely an air operation with...Associated Approaches Technique Doctrine Theory New and Dynamic Strategic Enviroment Legacy Familar Types of Activities New Essay WinnErs | core...Current and Desired U.S. Contextual Views of Cyber Attack Current Technique Doctrine Theory New and Dynamic Strategic Enviroment Legacy Familar Types of

  12. Self-immolation and the exchange of self and others

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sobisch, Jan-Ulrich

    2012-01-01

    On the recent self-immolations as a form of Tibetan protest, the Dalai Lama's statement on it, and its relation to some doctrinal aspects such as karma and the bodhisattvas' ability to exchange of Self and other.......On the recent self-immolations as a form of Tibetan protest, the Dalai Lama's statement on it, and its relation to some doctrinal aspects such as karma and the bodhisattvas' ability to exchange of Self and other....

  13. Current Practices to Decrease Subcontractor Bid Shopping in the Public Sector

    Science.gov (United States)

    1993-01-01

    rarely done because most contractors refuse to accept such a condition (6s15). Those public agencies adhering to the doctrine of promissory estoppel ...also encourage bid shopping. The doctrine of promissory estoppel dictates that a subcontractor must stand by his bid quote if it is used by the prime...Holman was not awarded the subcontract. (3) It is unfair to bind the subcontractor under promissory estoppel without binding the general contractor. (4

  14. Notice Requirements in Federal Acquisition Contracts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1985-01-01

    oo o e o e *4 16 Development of the Court of Claims Dootrine....48 2. Impact of the Contract Disputes Act............ 56 3. Estoppel ...contractor elects Disputes Clause procedures, the waiver doctrine of Maney and Tapper is now a dead letter. 3. Estoppel Even though the government may...tative might give rise to a situation where the doctrine of equitable estoppel would preclude enforcement of the appeal period limitation. Prior to

  15. Canadian Air Force Leadership and Command: Implications for the Human Dimension of Expeditionary Air Force Operations

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-11-01

    HTP ) at Rivers. The RCAF purchased six CH-113 Labradors, which were similar to the Voyageurs in many ways, for search and rescue (SAR) work. The Army...Voyageurs were subsequently modified to the Labrador configuration and re-roled as SAR aircraft in 1975. The RCASC’s No. 1 HTP would form the basis...doctrine manual (B-GA-400 Out of the Sun) includes no reference to expeditionary operations, while the companion support doctrine manual (B-GA-410

  16. Judicial Deference Allows European Consensus to Emerge

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dothan, Shai

    2018-01-01

    jurisdiction. But the ECHR sometimes defers to countries, even if their policies fall short of the standard accepted by most of the countries in Europe. This deference is accomplished by using the so-called "margin of appreciation" doctrine. Naturally, emerging consensus and margin of appreciation are often......, the paper demonstrates that a correct application of the margin of appreciation doctrine actually helps emerging consensus reach optimal results, by giving countries an incentive to make their policies independently....

  17. La doctrina de Seguridad Nacional: materialización de la Guerra Fría en América del Sur.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Leal Buitrago.

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available The article studies how the concept of national security was transformed during the cold war into the Doctrine of National Security, and the way in which it was applied to the countries of Latin America under the influence of the United States. The role of the military in the application of this doctrine is underlined, as well as the fight against the internal enemy and its implications for the politics of the considered countries.

  18. [Speculation and experience in German romantic medicine].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montiel, L

    1993-01-01

    This paper analizes the role attributed to experiment and theory in the philosophical natural writings of Schiller and also how this doctrine was received by some of the leading doctors of the time. The aim of this analysis is to prove that the phisopher's followers did not despise observation, a belief held until not long ago, and to situate the experience within the framework of the doctrine of science rooted in "Naturphilosophie", and, even further, in Kantian thought.

  19. Short Run and Long Run Reasons That Affect The Nauri Model in Turkey

    OpenAIRE

    Baydur, Cem Mehmet; Süslü, Bora

    2015-01-01

    In this article, the study is done with the view of Nauri model, Keynes and Classical doctrine. According to the Classical doctrine, while the ratio of technology and mark-up depends on data, the value balance of unemployment level is determined by the share that the employees get from the whole salary. Aggressive salary policy increases the natural unemployment level. According to Nauri, in the situations where the expectations of inflation is right, the natural unemployment level is determi...

  20. Connected. Volume 5, Issue 1, Spring 2013

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-04-18

    01.1 2 The Proponent Handbooks 3 AOKM Proponent Doctrine Update 3 AOKM Proponent Trainng & Ldr De- velopment Update 4 KMNet Has Com- pleted...Update 7 Applying MCTP Observations (Part 3) 8 What’s Hot in the Professional Forums 9 AOKM Proponent Publications Update 9 Useful Things...reflects the best KM practices of those “in contact.” As part of the Doctrine 2015 transition, we will use this same method to develop the ATP 6

  1. Agama dan Kehidupan Manusia

    OpenAIRE

    ramli, ramli

    2015-01-01

    This writing analyzes that religion has some roles in human life. In the research of community, religion considered as an element of culture, which is not neglected to be studied. In some way, religion is believed frequently as the source of comprehensive values that cover even inspire derivative values which is developed in human life. In observation, practical religion in society is also developed from religion doctrines and adjusted with the cultural environment. The concourse of doctrines...

  2. Air and Space Power Journal. Volume 19, Number 4, Winter 2005

    Science.gov (United States)

    2005-01-01

    netratings.com. 3. “The E- Government Act of 2002,” H.R. 2458/S. 803, 17 December 2002, E-Gov, http://www.whitehouse.gov/ omb/ egov /g-4-act.html. 4. Web... Government officials also find them useful. We hope the French ASPJ will prove equally valuable to at least 20 African, European, and North American...find most attractive to strike. Then we must truly transform our doctrinal and investment decisions accord- ingly. Our current doctrine and

  3. Mitigating costs and the preemptive effect of federal rate orders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Darr, F.P.

    1992-01-01

    The role of federalism in the regulation of energy production is a long-standing problem. This article is divided into five parts. Following a summary of the case 'New Orleans Public Service, Inc. v. Council of New Orleans' (NOPSI) in Part I the article addresses the statutory and interpretive foundations of the filed rate doctrine described in Part II. Part III discusses the Supreme Court's extension of the doctrine into greater federal management of retail rates and introduces the reaction of the lower courts to the Supreme Court's decisions. Part IV analyzes the NOPSI exception requiring a utility to mitigate the effects of a FERC order in light of the policy distinctions inherent in the filed rate doctrine and the recognized eceptions. Part V addresses a related policy issue of the appropriate venue for challenging state orders to deny costs arising from federal orders. 153 refs

  4. The challenges faced by the Constitutional Court of Lithuania during the global economic crisis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Birmontienė Toma

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania is forming a broad and distinctive doctrine on the possibility of limitation of social rights during an economic crisis. This doctrine is inter alia grounded upon the imperatives of a state under the rule of law, equality of rights, justice, proportionality, protection of legitimate expectations, social solidarity, the constitutional concept of the state budget and other constitutional imperatives. The Constitutional Court has also formulated certain general principles which must be followed when in a situation of an economic crisis the legislator may adopt decisions on reduction of social rights guarantees. This doctrine is also influenced by international law, inter alia the law of the European Convention on Human Rights. While considering the cases related to implementation of social rights, the Constitutional Court also takes account of the case-law of the constitutional courts of other states.

  5. Effective acupuncture practice through diagnosis based on distribution of meridian pathways & related syndromes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Yemeng; Zheng, Xin; Li, Hui; Zhang, Qunce; Wang, Tianfang

    2011-01-01

    This article discusses the importance of acupuncture practice utilizing diagnosis and distribution of various meridians and connecting channels based on meridian theory. The meridian system is considered as basic anatomy for acupuncture, so the corresponding pathways and related syndromes of different channels should play a key role in differentiation, known as meridian-related pattern differentiation. Since this doctrine originated in ancient times and was not so well developed in later generations, many acupuncturists are not able to utilize it efficiently. The authors survey how this doctrine was weakened during the past century, especially in acupuncture education for foreigners, and how this important method is currently being reinvigorated. This article also lays out the ways this doctrine can be applied clinically and introduces examples of a variety of indications including some difficult cases, such as whiplash injury, intervertebral disc herniation, oculomotor nerve paralysis, and eczema, etc.

  6. Vascular Anatomy of Kiwi Fruit and its Implications for the origin of carpels

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xue-Min eGuo

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Kiwi fruit is of great agricultural, botanical, and economic interest. The flower of kiwi fruit has axile placentation, which is typical for Actinidiaceae. Axile placentation is thought derived through fusion of conduplicate carpels with marginal placentation according to the traditional doctrine. Recent progress in angiosperm systematics has refuted this traditional doctrine and placed ANITA clade rather than Magnoliaceae as the basalmost clade. However, the former traditional doctrine stays in the classrooms as the only teachable theory for the origin of carpels. To test the validity of this doctrine, we performed anatomical study on kiwi fruit. Our study indicates that the placenta has a vascular system independent of that of the ovary wall, the ovules/seeds are attached to the placenta that is a continuation of floral axis enclosed by the lateral appendages that constitute the ovary wall, and there are some amphicribral bundles in the center of placenta and numerous amphicribral bundles supplying ovules/seeds in kiwi fruit. The amphicribral vascular bundles supplying the ovules/seeds are comparable to those usually seen in branches, but not comparable to those seen in leaves or their derivatives. This comparison indicates that the placenta in kiwi fruit cannot be derived from the fusion of collateral ventral bundles of conduplicate carpels, as suggested by traditional doctrine. Instead the vascular organization in placenta of kiwi suggests that the placenta is a shoot apex bearing ovules/seeds laterally. This conclusion is in line with the recently raised Unifying Theory, in which the placenta is taken as an ovule-bearing branch independent of the ovary wall (carpel in strict sense. Similar vascular organization in placenta has been seen in numerous isolated taxa besides kiwi fruit. Therefore whether such a pattern is applicable for other angiosperms is an interesting question awaiting answering.

  7. Theoretical Conceptions in Musicology as a Potential Obstacle to Musical Comprehension

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Levon Hakobian

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The core of the history of musical thought consists of large-scale doctrines striving to explain the multitude of observed phenomena in terms of immutable categories and universals. All such doctrines are based on the belief of their authors that all the complex and differentiated phenomena have their origins in simple principles. Accordingly, any music that cannot be convincingly reduced to these principles is either ignored or declared ‘abnormal’. Any doctrine inevitably stops before what in music is not quite ‘system-defined’. Though doctrines may point to ‘irregularities’, they can hardly justify them aesthetically. The by-effect of their influence is the growth of prejudices around anything that is new and unusual.A huge array of musicological literature, developing the methodological principles of ‘big’ classical conceptions or propounding new conceptions that also claim to be scientific and universal, can hardly help the reader to clarify his perception of the unfamiliar or to discover new meanings in what is well known (the present paper illustrates this using several examples from different brands of musicology, both Russian and non-Russian. This arguably means that the ‘scientistic’ (reductionist paradigm in musicology has been exhausted and the new, deeper knowledge of music has to be acquired through alternative, not strictly scientific – perhaps rather literary, openly subjective, authority-free – ways.

  8. Issue of Salvation in Christianity: A Study in the Perspective of Islamic Ethics

    OpenAIRE

    Syed Mohammad Hilmi, S. A. R.; Masitoh, A.; Jamil, H.; Abdulnaser, S.

    2015-01-01

    The doctrine of salvation is considered as a central pillar in Christian’s belief, in which underlying most of the fundamental teachings in Christianity such as the doctrines of original sin, redemption and Crucifixion. The notion of salvation – in Christianity and other religions that have faith in it - is stemmed from the belief that evil is a vital issue in this universe, whence it develops view and perception towards man and universe, and the belief that religion came to safe and fr...

  9. Parallel Attack and the Enemy’s Decision Making Process

    Science.gov (United States)

    1998-04-01

    Theory Coursebook , Vol 2, Sept 1997, p 365 8 Joint Publication 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 1 Feb 1995, p III-11 9 Gorrell, LtCol Edgar S., “The...Behavioral Strategies,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol 90, Issue 432, December, 1995, p1137 3 Joint Publication 5-0, Doctrine for...Strategies,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol 90, Issue 432, December, 1995, p1137 Allison, Graham T., “Conceptual Models and the Cuban

  10. Planning for regime change and its aftermath

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-06-09

    same ends and the same means, even though there may be minor variations and in infinite diversity of combinations – these things are susceptible to...U.S., U.K. France, Soviet Union, and others. 5 See Jeffrey Goldberg , “The Obama Doctrine,” The Atlantic, 2016 for an excellent treatment on both the...37, no. 4 (Spring 2013): 199–214. Goldberg , Jeffrey. “The Obama Doctrine.” The Atlantic, 2016. 119 Mehler, Andreas. “Why Security Forces Do Not

  11. O DIREITO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE E SUA PROTEÇÃO PELA REDE DE GARANTIAS

    OpenAIRE

    Diniz Saut, Roberto

    2007-01-01

    Firstly, the article demonstrates the wrong view of the doctrine of irregular situation. It explains how this view has been overcome by the new paradigm of the doctrine of full protection for child and adolescent, and the respect to human and fundamental rights within the Legal Democratic State. Secondly, the article relies on Constitutional law and Child and Adolescent Statute in order to analyze the new law as a warranty network, thus guaranteeing and validating its human-ethical content, e...

  12. The secret of René Guénon: A critical review of Guénon's traditionalism

    OpenAIRE

    Poznanović Željko

    2014-01-01

    This paper aims to present the basic principles of the doctrine of René Guénon (1886-1951), a French thinker of broad and comprehensive scope when it comes to Hinduism, Western Occult Tradition, Freemasonry, Taoism, symbolism and certain aspects of metaphysics. His teaching did not leave a mark in the mainstream of philosophy, yet it founded a whole syncretic movement known as Traditionalism or Perennialism. While Guénons doctrine is commonly either ignored or accepted as unquestionably true,...

  13. Revealing Originality of Song Works: An Analysis to the Copyright Law

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Derezka Gunti Larasati

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The topic of this paper is to describe the defining criteria of originality of song works. The aspect of originality is important to make such work be protected by Copyright Law. In this research, the criteria to define originality are based on certain doctrines and/or theories of originality that may vary case by case. The use of such doctrines and/or theories are necessary, since the stipulations regarding originality in the Indonesian Copyright Act has not been considered suffice. With regard to the song works, the criteria of originality may be different from other works. Therefore, a comprehensive research on the characteristics of song as a work is also important. This research is a qualitative research with prescriptive design. The research depicts the use of certain doctrines and/or theories as supplementary provisions to the Copyright Law in defining the originality of songs, which have specific characteristics resulted from their author’s creations and intellectuals.

  14. Governance, Behavioral Science und das Bild des Menschen im Verfassungsrecht: Konzeptive Überlegungen zur Inkorporierung von Behavioral-Science-Erkenntnissen in die Rechtswissenschaften am Beispiel einer Dogmatik staatlichen Informationshandelns

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefan Storr

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available ENGLISH: This paper discusses the connectivity of constitutional law doctrine on findings of governance research and behavioral science. Fundamental questions how to integrate "soft" instruments like "framing" and "nudging" in a constitutional law doctrine will be considered. The image of man in the constitutional order, as presupposed in the German and in the Austrian constitution, will be illuminated. For a doctrine of state communication accuracy, objectivity and due restraint are key postulates. DEUTSCH: Der Beitrag behandelt die Anschlussfähigkeit der Verfassungsrechtsdogmatik an Erkenntnisse der Governance-Forschung und Behavioral-Science. Es wird überlegt, welche grundlegenden Fragen sich für eine Integration „weicher“ Steuerungsformen wie „framing“ und „nudging“ in eine Verfassungsrechtsdogmatik stellen. Dabei dient das Bild des Menschen, wie es in der deutschen und in der österreichischen Verfassung vorausgesetzt wird, als Projektionsfläche. Daran ansetzend werden grundsätzliche Überlegungen an staatliches Kommunikationsverhalten angestellt. Richtigkeit, Sachlichkeit und angemessene Zurückhaltung sind zentrale Postulate.

  15. Military Review, February 1992. Volume 72, Number 2

    Science.gov (United States)

    1992-02-01

    for air, land, sea and The doctrinal ferment now underway space forces to help each other to achieve a state ... will be partly shaped and affected by...with the American sense of pie, the doctrinal ferment now underway pur- teamwork. The unifying focus and appeal of suant to the ongoing revision of US...time since World An "old China hand" who served as political ad- War II," a refrain repeated time and again to de- viser to General Joseph W ’ Vinegar

  16. KONTINUITAS DAN DISKONTINUITAS AL-QUR'AN TERHADAP TRADISI ARAB PRA-ISLAM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kurdi Kurdi

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available This article discusses on continuity and discontinuity of the Qur'an to Arabs traditions before revelation provided from either doctrine of prior religions or native agreements of society. The Qur'an has given response on many aspects of rituals, economy, family, law and punishments. Many of such traditions become as Islamic doctrine and others are rejected. The steps of the continuity are total acceptance, distinctive way, conditional limitation and corrective response, while the styles of the discontinuity are total, gradual and continuous liberations.

  17. Tort recovery of acid rain damages in the United States--observations on plaintiff's prima facie case

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Honabach, D.R.

    1982-01-01

    Common law tort doctrine has long supplied a judicially administered vehicle for dealing with harms suffered by one party as a result of the activities of another. As such, it might be used to address the problem of acid rain. Before tort law may be used, however, a would-be plaintiff must make out a prima facie case. While traditional applications of tort doctrine might effectively prevent plaintiff from doing so, recent court decisions suggest that plaintiff might nevertheless be successful in obtaining at least partial recovery.

  18. Reaction of North American neo-Thomism against the «Intelligent Design»

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Desiderio Parrilla Martínez

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available The doctrine of «Intelligent Design» formulated by Phillip E. Johnson, Michael Behe, William A. Dembski and Stephen C. Meyer is presented as a scientific alternative to neo-Darwinism. For philosophical naturalism or atheism is only a pseudo-science dependent of «Protestant creationism» and the literal biblical interpretation. The best philosophical critiques, however, come from American neo-Thomism. This paper presents the main arguments used by the Thomism in his polemic against the doctrine of «Intelligent Design».

  19. Prevention, Preemption, and the Bush Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-30

    Just War theorist, Immanuel Kant , addressed directly the issues of preemption and preventive war. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), while clearly within...51-303, it is not copyrighted, but is the property of the United States government. Biography Chaplain, Lieutenant Colonel Timothy A...understand Kant as being descriptive rather than permissive. This is because he believed that international relations were not exercised in a simple “state

  20. Open Source Intelligence - Doctrine's Neglected Child

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Pham, Tuan

    2003-01-01

    Of the seven intelligence disciplines, OSINT is least appreciated, understood, or employed by staffs and organizations supporting the operational commander despite past successes at the strategic and tactical levels...

  1. Identity Conflicts: A Doctrinal Change Needed?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-12-12

    northeast section of Bosnia, covering places such as Tuzla, Brcko, Zupanja, and the infamous town place 36 Srebrenica. Operationally, the initial U.S...Raphael. 2010. “A Tale of Two Manuals.” Prism 2, no. 1: 87-100. Collier, Paul, and Anke Hoeffler. 1998. “On Economic Causes of Civil War.” Oxford

  2. Examining U.S. Irregular Warfare Doctrine

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Kimbrough, IV, James M

    2008-01-01

    ... of insurgency and terrorism. In response to the associated strategic challenges, a growing debate occurred among military historians, strategists, and leaders about the proper principles necessary for contemporary irregular...

  3. Examining U.S. Irregular Warfare Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2008-06-01

    Muslim leaders, this manual also provides inspiration to the Al-Qaeda undercover member. These are especially useful in convincing the young...A “Air Power: An Enduring Illusion,” The Economist (24 August 2006). Accessed via: http://www.economist.com/world/displaystory.cfm?story_id...USA AFIT/ILM/ENS/08-04 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson

  4. Soviet Tactical Doctrine for Urban Warfare

    Science.gov (United States)

    1975-12-01

    Soviet Area Specialist. Valuable assistance was provided by Mr. Gerald Sullivan and LTC Ray N. Franklin, USMC, of the Advanced Research Projects... Oldenburg 120.8 133.3 12.5 10 Osnabruck 133.6 164.0 30.4 23 Regensburg 123.0 133.5 10.5 9 Remacheid 123.0 135.5 12.5 10 Salzgitter 105.9 117.6 11.7

  5. Open Source Intelligence - Doctrine's Neglected Child

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Pham, Tuan

    2003-01-01

    .... The causes of this neglect are many, ranging from previously mentioned predisposition toward classified intelligence sources to the technical challenge of information excess that overloads the users...

  6. Doctrinal Lessons from Non-State Actors

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Forte, Robert

    2001-01-01

    .... A phenomenon known as Gray Area War is on the rise. Gray Area War is defined as a conflict where at least one of the antagonists is a non-state entity and the method is combining elements of traditional war fighting with organized crime...

  7. Unity Through Separation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dabelsteen, Hans B.

    This PhD thesis asks how we can conceptualize the current separation doctrine of religion and politics in a country like Denmark, where the structure of the established church and peoplehood overlap. In order to answer this question, Hans Bruun Dabelsteen maps the current discussion of secularism...... into the principle of treating everybody equally (with religious freedom, equality and Danish peoplehood as the most important principles adjacent to secularism). In a study of the historical roots of the separation doctrine and two current policy cases (same-sex marriage and reforms of church governance...

  8. Self, other, and astrology: esoteric therapy in Sri Lanka.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perinbanayagam, R S

    1981-02-01

    HARRY STACK SULLIVAN'S argument that anxiety as a fundamental human experience is alleviated by the use of various procedures that he called "security operations" is used in this paper to examine the meaning of astrology in Sri Lanka. Astrology and the doctrine of karma provide the relevant framework in which various forms of misfortune are understood and handled. An examination of cases in Sri Lanka reveals that astrology and the doctrine of karma enable a person of that culture to create a number of structures which have a therapeutic effect.

  9. La systématique de l’esprit pratique chez Wolff, Kant, Fichte et Hegel

    OpenAIRE

    Siep, Ludwig

    2011-01-01

    En dépit des grands bouleversements systématiques dans la philosophie allemande du xviiie siècle, la continuité est étonnante, de Wolff à Hegel, pour ce qui concerne le contenu des doctrines sur la raison pratique. Une comparaison de ces doctrines chez Wolff, Kant, Fichte et Hegel peut révéler l’intention et les raisons pour lesquelles chacun de ces auteurs modifia la systématique des différentes facultés. À partir de Kant, autonomie et liberté deviennent les concepts directeurs permettant de...

  10. AZAS PROPORSIONALITAS SEBAGAI PERWUJUDAN DOKTRIN KEADILAN BERKONTRAK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agus Yudha Hernoko

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this article is to argue that the issue of equal and unequal position of the parties is irrelevant to commercial contract. The essence of commercial contract that ponders business relationship without interruption does not deal with the issue of mathematical equality; rather it emphasizes on proportional exchange of interests of the parties irrespective of result obtained by the parties. There are three important things in this paper found. First, the principle of proportionality is applied in the entire phases of contract, i.e. in negotiation, formation, and enforcement phases. Second, the principle of proportionality is not perceived from mathematical equality perspective but it is viewed from fair exchange process and proportionate result, which is acceptable by both parties. Third, the principle of proportionality is a doctrine of "fair contract", which improves the doctrine of freedom of contract that may lead to unfairness. It is recommended in this dissertation that jurists, currently be not regard the doctrine of freedom of contract sacred; rather they shall find other philosophical basis to develop "fair contract" procedurally as well as substantively.

  11. Trade Companies and their Classification

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Tărchilă

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The Romanian legislation does not define anyhow the concept of companies. It was the merit of the doctrine, which attempted such a definition, starting usually from the provisions of the Civil Code, which in art. 1491 defines the civil society, for the purpose of the memorandum of the association1. For that matter, also in the specialized foreign doctrine (ex. the French doctrine companies are defined based on similar concepts, but standardized by the Civil Code. The two meanings that the company has to be regarded through, also explain the very specific legal matter, a matter of concepts resulting from understanding the concept of memorandum of association and the company-institution. Thus, the contractual conception, imposed by the development of the contract theory in the last century, explains the existence of the companies starting from the validity conditions imposed to any contract and from the contractual techniques that establish the relationships formed within the society (for example, the company management is based on a mandate contract under which the executive operates.

  12. MENGGUGAT RELASI FILSAFAT POSITIVISME DENGAN AJARAN HUKUM DOKTRINAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FXAdji Samekto

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available In the teaching of law, there is often "mistaken", that puts legal positivism (jurisprudence  is identical with the philosophy of positivism. Legal positivism be identified as an instance of positivism philosophy intact. The study of legal positivism, in fact very closely related to the philosophy and teachings of the law from time to time. The effects of natural law in the scholastic era, then the era of rationalism and the influence of positivism in the philosophy of natural science is very attached to the legal positivism until today. Therefore not only the philosophy of positivism affecting the development of legal positivism. Based on that then the legal positivism in fact has a characteristic which is different from the social sciences. If the social sciences were developed based on the philosophy of positivism, the doctrinal teaching of the law is not entirely been developed based on the philosophy of positivism. Not all the logical positivist philosophy can be applied in the doctrinal law.   Keywords : positivism, legal positivism, doctrinal

  13. Protecting young people from junk food advertising: implications of psychological research for First Amendment law.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harris, Jennifer L; Graff, Samantha K

    2012-02-01

    In the United States, one third of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, yet food and beverage companies continue to target them with advertising for products that contribute to this obesity crisis. When government restrictions on such advertising are proposed, the constitutional commercial speech doctrine is often invoked as a barrier to action. We explore incongruities between the legal justifications for the commercial speech doctrine and the psychological research on how food advertising affects young people. A proper interpretation of the First Amendment should leave room for regulations to protect young people from advertising featuring calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages.

  14. Steering committee for the management of the post-accidental phase of a nuclear accident or of a radiological situation (CODIRPA). Work group nr 4. Response to health challenges after a radiological accident - Stage report issue nr 2 of 2007 November 5; Synthesis of doctrinal elements and recommendations; Consultative meeting - February 2009; Final report March 2011; Report synthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernier, Marie-Odile; Challeton-de Vathaire, Cecile; Catelinois, Olivier; Pirard, Philippe; Collignon, Albert; Corblet, Sibylle; Empereur Bissonnet, Pascal; Fite, Johanna; Mehl Auget, Isabelle; Fleutot, Jean-Baptiste; Gavel, Yves; Geis-Bonnemains, Nathalie; Geneau, Christian; Guagniere, Bertrand; Janin, Claire; Lang, Thierry; Marielle, Schmitt; N'Diaye, Bakhao; Raoul, Christophe; Ricoux, Christine; Schwoebel, Valerie; Telion, Caroline; Tillier, Claude; Verger, Pierre; Volant, Philippe

    2007-01-01

    A first report describes effects of radiological accidents on health, and possible scenarios (dose assessments, exposed population, health challenges), gives an overview of methods and arrangements used to count exposed populations and to assess received doses, and presents the foreseen reception centres. It describes the health management organisation (medical and psychological care of exposed population, public information), and reports an analysis of health risks associated with the accident. The next document contains a synthesis of doctrinal elements and recommendations regarding information acquisition, the management of health consequences of the accident, the assessment of the health impact. Propositions made by the work group to face health challenges are presented in a Power Point presentation. The final report addresses the context of preparation of the response to a radiological accident in France (studied accidents and scenarios, public health challenges), proposes a chronological synthesis of actions to be undertaken during a preparation phase, an emergency phase, a transition phase, and a long term phase), and a detailed presentation of main actions to be undertaken (medical and psychological care, reception centres, counting, health risk analysis, health information)

  15. Vahdet-i Vücûd Düşüncesini Açıklamada Halı Sembolizmi ve Muhyiddin-i Rûmî’nin Temsîl-i Kālîçe İsimli Risâlesi / The Symbolism of the Rug (Qalicha to Expound the Doctrine of the Unity of Being and Muhyiddin al-Rumi's treatise "Tamthil Qalicha"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hür Mahmut Yücer

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In the Islamic thought, Wahdat Wujud (The Unity of Being is generally defined as a doctrine which discusses the transition of the real being (the absolute being to the methaphorical (the relative one, its formation and quality. By means of this doctrine, questions concerning the relations of Allah, the universe and human being are answered and many obscure issues found in the Holy Qur'an and the hadiths become intelligible. In the center of the doctrine of the Unity of Being occur the categories of being such as maratib al-wujud (the ranks of being, hadarat khamsa (the five presences and tanazzulat sab'a (the seven condescensions. The categories of being have been long dealt with in a similar manner in almost every corner of the Islamic World through explanatory works like those in the form of sharh (commentary. In order to facilitate the comprehension of the subject in question a number of symbolisms such as seed and tree, point and letter, steam and ice, mirror and dream (shadow have been utilised. The symbolism of the rug (qalicha which is focused by the present study has not been studied or drawn attention to until today. Thus Muhyi's treatise, Tamthil Qalicha is quite compelling. This study firstly endeavors to elucidate the symbolism of the rug and then presents a Turkish transliteration of the said treatise of Muhyi, Tamthil Qalicha. Öz Vahdet-i vücûd, İslam düşüncesinde en genel anlamıyla hakîki varlıktan mecâziye geçişi, kılınış (ca’liyet ve nasıllığı anlatan nazariyenin adıdır. Bu nazariye ile Allah-âlem-insan münasebeti hakkında sorular karşılıklarını bulurve Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve hadislerde geçen birçok müteşabih konu anlaşılır hale gelir. Vahdet-i vücud nazariyesinin ana çatısını merâtibü’l-vücûd, hazerât-ı hams, tenezzülât-ı seb’a gibi farklı isimlerle ifade edilen varlık kategorileri oluşturur. Varlık mertebeleri tarih boyunca İslam dünyasının her b

  16. Science belies political dogma. From climate hype to nuclear energy?; Wetenschap logenstraft politieke doctrine. Wetenschap logenstraft politieke doctrine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Franken, F.J.M.

    2008-07-01

    The author provides arguments opposing the political arguments in favor of taking actions against the consequences of climate change. [mk]. [Dutch] De auteur stelt argumenten tegenover de politieke argumenten die bepleiten om actie te ondernemen tegen de gevolgen van klimaatverandering.

  17. An Army without Doctrine: The Evolution of US Army Tactics in the Absence of Doctrine, 1779 to 1847

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-06-15

    a nuisance to westward expansion. Jefferson saw the relationship between the Indian and natural law as close and pure . Despite disliking the...their territory, as well as hammocks cleared enough for agriculture. They primarily planted corn, pumpkins , and squashes. They also gathered coontie

  18. Consequences count: against absolutism at the end of life.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Snelling, Paul C

    2004-05-01

    There has been a considerable amount of debate in the nursing literature about euthanasia, and especially the distinctions between acts and omissions, and killing and letting die. These distinctions are required by opponents of euthanasia to justify allowing some cases of passive euthanasia while forbidding all cases of active euthanasia. This paper adds to the debate by arguing that the position that absolutely forbids euthanasia is theoretically inconsistent. The paper first considers the place of moral theory in analysing moral problems, within the framework of the principles of biomedical ethics. It is argued that despite a moral pluralism that operates in many areas, the legal status of euthanasia is based upon an absolute deontological position against deliberate killing, which cannot be overridden by appeals to favourable consequences. In order that certain forms of passive euthanasia can be allowed, this position allows distinctions within three pairs of concepts--acts and omissions, killing and letting die, and ordinary and extraordinary means. A further method of justifying certain actions near the end of life is the doctrine of double effect. These paired concepts and the doctrine of double effect are analysed with special reference to their consequences. The application of the doctrine of double effect and the three distinctions relies on consideration of their consequences, allowing in practice what in theory is denied. This is important because it weakens the absolute case against euthanasia, which disallows any direct consequentialist appeal. If consequences count in the application of the doctrine and the distinctions, then they should also count directly prior to their application. This strengthens the argument for active euthanasia in certain cases.

  19. NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO: O ALICERCE DO ATIVISMO JUDICIAL BRASILEIRO / NEOCONSTITUTIONALISM: THE FOUNDATION OF THE BRAZILIAN JUDICIAL ACTIVISM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Têmis Limberger

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available The proposed study is based on the jurisdictional action of the Courts when adopting positions that go against the current legislation and even the Constitutional text, making use of premises of the neoconstitutional doctrine, which deals with the concrete application of the Federal Constitution, in order to demonstrate the use of these parameters as basis or foundation for judicial decisions of activist nature, and specifically to point out the effects of the judgments of this nature. The insecurity caused by the res judicata that adopt the practices worked in this doctrine, denying what is in the Law and in the Constitution, justify the relevance of the research, which faces these problems in the light of Contemporary Juridical Hermeneutics. The research method was the bibliographic survey and the study of judicial decisions, with emphasis on TSE and STF. Thus, in general, the objective is to make it clear that in these cases there is a misconception of the Judiciary in the form of interpreting and deciding, and it specifically points out that the decisions of the Electoral Courts reach out as an instrument of judicial activism, which is strengthened by the Neoconstitutional doctrine.

  20. CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE INTEGRATION OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SYSTEM OF NATURAL LAW

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudiu Ramon D. Butculescu

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available This article studies the relationships and interactions between fundamental human rights and natural law school. The objectives of this paper are circumscribed to the way fundamental human rights, by their nature, can be integrated within the doctrine of natural law or to the contrary, may be related to various branches of legal positivism. In specialized literature, it was pointed out that fundamental human rights constitute genuine natural rights which have the same natural law recognized attributes: immutability, non-alienable nature et. al. However, in the context of contemporary changes within the European Union, generated by cultural differences which are becoming ever more significant, the question rises of whether those rights are in fact a creation of legal positivism. Within the paperthere are several doctrine opinions described, as well as some arguments for reconsidering the placement of fundamental rights within the sphere of legal positivism. Using the comparative method, the study analyzes the common points and the points of divergence between fundamental rights and the doctrines of natural law and legal positivism, seen through the prism of the general theory of systems, legal culture, legal colonialism and legal ethnocentrism.

  1. Protecting Young People From Junk Food Advertising: Implications of Psychological Research for First Amendment Law

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harris, Jennifer L.; Graff, Samantha K.

    2012-01-01

    In the United States, one third of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, yet food and beverage companies continue to target them with advertising for products that contribute to this obesity crisis. When government restrictions on such advertising are proposed, the constitutional commercial speech doctrine is often invoked as a barrier to action. We explore incongruities between the legal justifications for the commercial speech doctrine and the psychological research on how food advertising affects young people. A proper interpretation of the First Amendment should leave room for regulations to protect young people from advertising featuring calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages. PMID:22390435

  2. [Qualified and emergency specialized surgical care for those with wounds to the extremities].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iurkevich, V V; Fidarov, E Z; Bauér, V A

    1997-06-01

    Experience of organization of the surgical care in the military hospital to 438 wounded in extremities during armed conflict in Republic of Chechnya is generalized. Maximum reduction of stages of medical evacuation of the wounded in extremities, approaching of the qualified and urgent specialized surgical care directly to the region of battle actions, use of opportunities for it one-moment rendering corresponded to principles of the modern military-medical doctrine. Due to realization of the requirements of the doctrine life of many wounded ++ was saved, terms of treatment, medical and social rehabilitation are reduced. Besides lethality, treatment cost and numbers of transferring to the reserve from the Armed Forces were reduced.

  3. Foundations of Power

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lev, Amnon

    of state power. This sets the modern state apart from the societies of the Middle Ages in which civil authority was either seen to be founded in religion (Christian doctrine) or in custom (Roman law). In the age of the modern state, it is law, or rather, constitutional doctrine that serves as the medium...... in which human freedom is translated into civil authority. The system of this translation is natural law.   The dissertation traces the genesis and the disintegration of the tradition of modern natural law in the period from the 17th to the 19th century. It shows how the format of 20th century...

  4. KANT ANTE LA CUESTIÓN DE LA PNEUMATOLOGÍA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogelio Rovira

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Kant seldom uses the name «pneumatology» to designate the science of the immortality of the soul. But in many occasions he deals in an original way with the concept meant by the name. In this paper the four senses in which Kant understands this concept are distinguished and explained, namely: (1 pneumatology as the idea of a possible science; (2 pneumatology as a natural disposition; (3 theoretical-dogmatic or doctrinal pneumatology; and (4 practical-dogmatic or authentic pneumatology. The different cognitive value granted by Kant to the doctrines about immortality assembled under the various senses of the concept of pneumatology is likewise considered.

  5. Human Capital Overview

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    McCarthy, Ellen E

    2007-01-01

    ...: To provide an agile, adaptive, integrated, and innovative defense intelligence workforce through a deliberate process identifying, implementing, and directing human capital organizational, doctrinal...

  6. Organizing for Information Operations Within The Joint Task Force

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    McLaughlin, Lawrence

    2003-01-01

    .... Joint doctrine defines information operations as a broad range of capabilities and related activities that include operations security, psychological operations, electronic warfare, physical attack...

  7. Stability Operations: Policy and Doctrine Awaiting Implementation

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-01

    periods move through offense and defense (or reverse ) sequentially while stability is presented throughout the rotation. This causes stability to...The author’s personal experience in Afghanistan and having studied the complex nature of stability operations suggests the reverse is true. June...climate change, Euro/EU collapse, a democratic or collapsed China, a reformed Iran, nuclear war or WMD/cyber-attack, solar geomagnetic storms, U.S

  8. Quantum theory and Aquinas's doctrine on matter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grove, Stanley F.

    The Aristotelian conception of the material principle, deepened by Aquinas, is today widely misunderstood and largely alien to modern mathematical physics, despite the latter's preoccupation with matter and the spatiotemporal. The present dissertation seeks to develop a coherent understanding of matter in the Aristotelian-Thomistic sense, and to apply it to some key interpretive issues in quantum physics. I begin with a brief historical analysis of the Aristotelian, Newtonian ("classical"), and modern (quantum) approaches to physics, in order to highlight their commonality as well as their differences. Next, matter---especially prime matter---is investigated, in an Aristotelian-Thomistic perspective, under several rationes: as principle of individuation, as principle of extension or spatiality, as principle of corruptibility, as related to essence and existence, and as ground of intelligibility. An attempt is made to order these different rationes according to primordiality. A number of topics concerning the formal structure of hylomorphic being are then addressed: elementarity, virtual presence, the "dispositions of matter," entia vialia, natural minima, atomism, the nature of local motion, the plenum and instantaneous action at a distance---all with a view to their incorporation in a unified account of formed matter at or near the elementary level. Finally I take up several interpretive problems in quantum physics which were introduced early in the dissertation, and show how the material and formal principles expounded in the central chapters can render these problems intelligible. Thus I propose that wave and particle aspects in the quantum realm are related substantially rather than accidentally, and that characteristics of substantial (prime) matter and substantial form are therefore being evidenced directly at this level---in the reversibility of the wave-particle transition, in the spatial and temporal instantaneity of quantum events, and in the probabilism encountered in such phenomena. I offer related hypotheses for Heisenberg uncertainty and for quantum nonlocality. In closing, I address some strengths and weaknesses in others' work on quantum interpretation in the light of Aristotelian principles. Three Appendices explore further aspects of matter as a cosmic principle.

  9. Instrumentation and control doctrine for VVER upgrading

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pernette, R.; Cucciniello, J.; Trebot, R.

    1997-01-01

    The main results are reported of analyses carried out on the WWER-400 and WWER-1000 series, and the reasons are summed up underlying the decision to establish a policy of WWER instrumentation and control upgrading. It is shown that such a policy forms a key stage in any upgrading project and contributes to the improvement of reactor safety at several levels: it helps to optimize the integration of safety requirements; it makes it easier to achieve a high level of automation and a better man-machine interaction; it should raise the culture of reactor safety. Four annexes demonstrate the factual fundamentals and structure of such a policy. (A.K.)

  10. State Level Intelligence Doctrine: Bridging the Gap

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-12-01

    Reporting (UCR) data and field groups to reduce gun violence and other similar case studies on UCR data and response to that information to shift police...examples like the Massachusetts state police using Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) data and field groups to reduce gun violence and other similar case...implementation. Using additional genres and fields of study in academia to conduct comparative analysis would also give practitioners as well as

  11. Marxist-Leninist Doctrine and Humanitarianism - Communist China

    Science.gov (United States)

    1960-11-20

    wrote in his " Diary " - III56, f!convyciot.Iraesc iz tho"ý grc.-. ten’t ev’l, a.:’ it ca)n be mAid to be theý gRe-test evil a&ttainOaý’lc; by man." Latl...34dialecticralliy enters each, othezr." I n a word, acc,,ordin--g toPa Jen., on’ly by revealina’ the so-c.al’led "comrn-on basýý-Ic nn~tnre of mankind" aya

  12. Integrated Cyber Defenses: Towards Cyber Defense Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-12-01

    and spam filters, mail relays, antivirus /antimalware software , router Access Control Lists (ACLs), cryptography and encryption, user access... Cisco ), network protocols (like TCP/IP [Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol]), programs, programming languages (like C++, Java, ActiveX...rules were built into them. Since these are human-made rules, they can be changed by replacing or updating hardware and/or software . Unlike the

  13. On Space Warfare: A Space Power Doctrine

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Lupton, David

    1998-01-01

    .... Nevertheless, the speech was promptly dubbed "Star Wars" because the space environment seems to be the most likely place to deploy a ballistic missile defense system, and several administration...

  14. From Theory to Practice: The Powell Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-10

    along a common theme. In 1990 Reagan’s Secretary of Defense, Caspar Weinberger, wrote that the “ myths ” about Reagan’s disengagement and lack of...position or congratulated me on getting it.”193 “ Scary ” was Powell’s more frank description of Reagan’s lack of guidance and decision.194 In

  15. Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations Doctrine and Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-05-22

    truly judicial in terms of the local and cultural context. For instance, some countries have adopted a no fault divorce law which is handled completely... poverty and that an institution’s ability to protect those rights or mediate disputes involving them is a determinate of its legitimacy. How then can we...threatening. Local customs will also generally be less in line with international norms than would the GIROA. It is likely that women and persons of a

  16. Joint Airspace Control, Doctrine Update 10-06

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-20

    can potentially compromise OPSEC, but can also increase the geographic uncertainty of potential adversaries and may have deterrent or deceptive...provided to IFR and VFR flights in accordance with civil air traffic control regulations. d. Air Corridor/Route (CORRTE). A bi-directional or...have a certain number of instrument flight rules ( IFR ) operations or passenger enplanements. ATC provides separation between VFR and IFR inside

  17. The Doctrinal Basis for Medical Stability Operations

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    lead actor, preferably a HN agency, but sometimes the military must take the lead in medical stability operations when overwhelming violence prevents...34 Assessment Tasks Administration of hospital Communications Obstetrics , Pediatrics, Emergency room. Operating room Nursing procedures Medical supply

  18. Towards a Flexible Theater Air Warfare Doctrine

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Gunzinger, Mark A

    1996-01-01

    "Billy Mitchell was right." These words hung in the foyer of the Air Force Air Command and Staff College during Desert Storm, reflecting the belief that air power had finally come of age in the skies over Iraq...

  19. THE EVOLUTION OF THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    wits-user

    1995-02-22

    Feb 22, 1995 ... implies in my view asking its gates and its walls to be painted with mud; and .... in the failure by some jurists to distinguish between "… questions ... judiciary while retaining power to render final decisions on the meaning of the.

  20. [Euthanasia and the doctrine of double effect].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klein, Martin

    2005-01-01

    Direct active euthanasia is prohibited in most countries while passive and indirect is not. However, many arguments against the legalization of voluntary active euthanasia are flawed. Ethical differences between active and passive or indirect euthanasia are difficult to maintain especially when the passivity of the actor causes death. The crucial point is not activity or passivity but respect for the autonomy of individual human beings. In particular there appears to be little ethical difference between active and indirect euthanasia. Indirect euthanasia has often been justified by the principle of double effect, which traces back to Thomas Aquinas. But resorting to this rule contains a logical fallacy. The principle of double effect does not allow foreseen and unwanted adverse effects of an action to occur when they are avoidable. In terminal sedation, an example for indirect euthanasia, hypoxemia and dehydration can easily be prevented by respirator therapy and fluid administration. Therefore the rule of double effect is not applicable. Indirect and direct active euthanasia cannot be ethically distinguished by resorting to the principle of double effect.

  1. Democratising Political Powers through Locke's Doctrine of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The essay contends that whenever there is high-handedness of leaders in a democratic nation, such a state is either a 'despotic family monarchy' which has been disguised as a 'democracy'; or under normal circumstances, there is an abusive use of most, if not all of the primitive (untamed) elements of political power.

  2. the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    eliasn

    below (as stated in Stephen Griffin, Company law: fundamental principles).4 ..... opportunities, the nation's economic and financial growth, stability and ..... shareholders, common officers, centralized accounting, payment of wages by one.

  3. In Search of Command and Staff Doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1987-05-01

    concepts. This will provide a framework for a systematic analysis of current issues, as well as of issues that, to paraphrase Shakespeare , have not yet been...General has ordered that U. S. v. Miner and its companion cases be sent to the United States Court of Military Appeals for review at that level. 2 3 7 B...men ride on a horse, one must ride behind." W. Shakespeare , Much Ado About Nothing, act. 3, sc. 5, lines 40-41. 100. This has been done in AFR 35-54

  4. The National Response System: The Need to Leverage Networks and Knowledge

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Compagnoni, Barry A

    2006-01-01

    .... When viewing our national response from the perspective of network theory and knowledge management, specific gaps are identified in doctrine, organizational composition and technological capability...

  5. [Scientific potential of phenomics - functional direction of genetics].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marasanov, A V; Valtseva, E A

    In this paper on the based on the integration of known theories, doctrines and concepts - principles of consistency and self-regulation of physiological functions (Pavlov I.P., 1950), the theory offunctional systems (Anokhin P.K., 1973), the theory of adaptive reactions (Selye H., 1960 ; Garkavi LKh et al, 1979), the doctrine of the dominant (Ukhtomsky A.A., 1966), doctrine on health (Baevsky R.M.), doctrine on the body type of the human by Merlin VS. conception on the “the interrelationship between the function and genetic apparatus” by Meyerson F.Z., Pshennikova M.G., Platonov V.N., and others, there is proposed to select phenomics - functional division of genetics considering the poolability of specific mechanisms of the body in an integral system of the adaptive act in favor of the development of a personalized approach to the diagnosis and prevention of non-communicable diseases, increasing life expectancy of working age into the particular scientific direction. The task of phenomics is the establishment of the phenotypic characteristics of the person, norms of the response of systems of his body, determination of the deviation of the level of the functioning of the each system from the norm of its response and the elaboration of the tactics for the correction of the functional state of the organism (the optimization of its life activity), with taking into account the directedness of the interaction of body systems. The description of the shaping of the mechanism of stereotyped response of the organism generated an important contribution to the development of phenomics. Stereotyped response being initiated by the non-specific response of the body is aimed at the shaping of the activity of its systems after a fashion of norms of the activity, promotes the recovery of the specificity of the body, plays an important role in the establishment of cause-effect relations of the disease.

  6. Contemporary Reception of Rene Descartes’ Mysticism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Volodymyr Khmil

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The article aim is to turn the spotline on the main thesis of refl ection of Descartes’ skepticism doctrine as well one’s argumentation estimation at the context of thinker’s creativeness. These steps will promote the overcoming of one-dimensional comprehension of his attitude on skepticism as an essential part of his doctrine. That is why it has sense to concentrate an attention on some interpretations of key motives of Cartesian anti-skeptic approach at research literature as well as defi ne the place of anthropological project at these motives fi rstly. Secondly, make an accent on the key role of anthropological dimension of one’s doctrine at the context of philosophical polemics with skepticism. The analysis of interpretations of Descartes’ heritage as well as one’s original texts demonstrates the absence of adequate interpretation of one’s place at the history of skepticism. The specifi c place of Descartes’ anti-skepticism is also demonstrated. Most of researchers pay ones’ attention on the tight vision of Modern Age at the form of development of scientifi c worldview. This position does not takes into account the contemporary level of Descartes’ studies. First of all, authors make an accent on the need to overcome the fragmentary vision of thinker’s heritage. Secondly, the valuable role of anthropological dimension of Descartes’ texts is underlined. This position lets perform more authentic perception of one’s anti-skeptic approach. In the course of fi nding the roots of researched situation, the authors’ attention was consistently concentrated on the features of the contemporary interpretation of Modern Age request which is reduced to development of scientifi c worldview by the skepticism researchers. Such position marginalizes the anthropological component of one’s doctrine.

  7. [The homeopathy problem in contemporary medicine].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Federspil, G; Vettor, R

    1999-01-01

    The aim of this study is to explain homeopathy, and make a critical evaluation of the doctrine and its clinical practice. The discipline of homeopathy, a medical doctrine advanced by Samuel Hahnemann in the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries, is based on a physiological theory according to which a "vital force dominates the human body in an unopposed and dynamic way"; disease processes are considered the consequence of a disturbance of this vital force. According to this doctrine, there are only three diseases: psora, sycosis and lues. Drugs are believed to act according to the principle of similitude, their efficacy increasing with their progressive dilution. Several schools of homeopathy have emerged since Hahnemann's death. Although they differ from each other, they share two of the fundamental principles advanced by the founder. Homeopathic clinical teaching aims at identifying the greatest number of signs present in the patient and then, on the basis of these signs, and irrespective of any diagnosis, the homeopathic specialist decides what drug(s) should be administered. Homeopathy is a doctrine that can be rationally criticized from three standpoints. First, its content contrasts radically with current scientific knowledge of chemistry, pharmacology, and pathology. Second, despite the fact that homeopathic specialists claim many therapeutic successes, the small number of rigorous studies conducted have not as yet provided convincing evidence that homeopathic treatment is effective against particular disease processes. Third, from a methodological standpoint, homeopathy has a number of serious flaws: above all, it violates both the principle of falsifiability enunciated by Karl Popper as a criterion for the demarcation between science and pseudo-science, and the principle of operative definition. Homeopathy cannot therefore be considered a scientific discipline.

  8. Progressive Reconstruction: A Methodology for Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Rohr, Karl C

    2006-01-01

    ... these nations in accordance with stated United States' goals. The argument follows closely current and developing United States military doctrine on stabilization, reconstruction, and counterinsurgency operations...

  9. Strategic Decision Games: Improving Strategic Intuition

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    DeFoor, John E

    2007-01-01

    .... Joint doctrine recognizes intuition but overwhelmingly emphasizes analytical methods. The joint community has ample guidance and receives training and education in support of analytical decision making...

  10. DAKWAH ISLAMIYAH: MENIMBANG KEMBALI KONSEP DAKWAH ISLAM MOHAMMAD NATSIR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Akhmad Anwar Dani

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Basically, Islam is message (risalah religion that it put its da’wah activities in delivering all doctrines which are consist inside this religion. These become center role for developing the future. Da’wah vitality in Islam gives the signal that will come the new formulation appropriating with developing of the world in this time. It is an opportunity for Islam in order it’s doctrines concept were received by new civilization; modern civilization. This proposition will be answered by Muhammad Natsir with amarma’ruf nahi munkar concept, which it combined the matter of da’wah, subject of da’wah and object of da’wah as a concept inseparable between and other.

  11. Topical therapy of atopic dermatitis: controversies from Hippocrates to topical immunomodulators.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tilles, Gérard; Wallach, Daniel; Taïeb, Alain

    2007-02-01

    Although atopic dermatitis can be treated efficiently, there is still much controversy about the risk/benefit ratio of both topical corticosteroids and topical immunomodulators. Conflicting data may be found about the usefulness of bathing, diet regulation, and other therapeutic interventions. These controversies result in part from the persistence of Hippocratic doctrines in modern medical thinking. Humoralist and diathetic doctrines, as they pertain to eczema, are reviewed. The paradoxical worsening of oozing and the deadly hazards of hospitalization before the era of antibiotics are brought to mind. We hope that this historical review will improve the understanding of current controversies and help dermatologists to manage patients with atopic dermatitis and other chronic skin diseases.

  12. French Senate debate on nuclear deterrence; Dissuasion nucleaire francaise

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vincon, S. [UMP Cher (France); Bentegeat, H. [Cema, 75 - Paris (France); Verwaerde, D. [CEA Bruyeres le Chatel, 91 (France); Quinlan, M. [IISS, Londre (United Kingdom); Tertrais, B. [Fondation pour la Recherche Strategique (FRS), 75 - Paris (France)

    2006-07-15

    The Senate committee on foreign affairs, defence and the Armed Forces met at a round table session on 14 June 2006 to discuss French nuclear deterrence. Serge Vincon presided the discussion, which covered three aspects of the subject: first, an analysis of the current and medium-term future strategic contexts and their consequences for the role of deterrence, and thus whether or not current doctrine is matched to current and future threats; second, the assets dedicated to deterrence, how well they reflect doctrine and how they fit in with other defence priorities; and finally an examination of Britain position within NATO along with future possibilities arising from closer European defence cooperation. (author)

  13. THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT: ITS RISE AND DEMISE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dogachan Dagi

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The doctrine of Responsibility to protect was developed in order to address the issue of mass atrocities, which were brought about by intrastate and ethnic conflicts as well as oppressive regimes throughout the world. It embraced the idea of the immunity of human rights, the moral need to intervene in cases that shock human conscience, and posed a challenge to the conventional understanding of sovereignty by redefining it as “responsibility”. However, this essay argues that the controversial implementation of the doctrine in Libya and its non-implementation in the case of Syria despite widespread humanitarian crisis in terms of civilian casualties and massive population displacement amount to a failure.

  14. Human Rights Degradations Related to Natural Law: Philosophical-Juridic Self-Legitimation of Franquism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César López Rodríguez

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available This essay identifies the problematic theoretical nature of human rights under Franco's regime, in the light of either a traditionalist or a totalitarian objective natural right's discursive hegemony. This contradictory theoretical alternative was already present in Ramiro de Maeztu's legal-political doctrine, which as the theoretical seed of the regime, led to those contradictions as embodied in two authors: F. Elías de Tejada and L. Legaz Lacambra. Drawing on a political critique of the text itself, the conclusion evinces the doctrinal state of human rights in the current Spanish constitutional system, exposing its contradictions as derived not from a traditionalist or a totalitarian objective natural right but from a subjective natural right.

  15. Henri Fayol’un Yönetim Düşüncesi Üzerine Notlar(Notes on Managerial Thought of Henry Fayol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramazan ŞENGÜL

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Henri Fayol, developed a managerial approach which is a perfect guide for both private and public sectors through focusing systematically upon managerial process. A major advantage of Fayol in creating a general managerial doctrine was his pratician side. His managerial thought which was developed in the early 20th century lasted up to our times. The distinguished characteristic of Fayol’s thought was studying the administrative reality through separating it into its functions, in that it helps to understand evolution and operation of organisations. The importance of his doctrine for today is that adapting contemporary managerial techniques into organisations of various kinds needs to refer Fayol’s managerial aproach in one way or another.

  16. The Role of the Popes in the Invention of Complementarity and the Anathematization of Gender

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mary Anne Case

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the origins and uses by the Vatican of the theological anthropology of complementarity, arguing that the doctrine of complementarity, under which the sexes are essentially different though not unequal, is an invention of the twentieth century untraceable in earlier centuries, but developed by, among others, the Popes from Pius XII through Benedict XVI, in part as a response to feminist claims, including those recently anathematized by the Vatican under the term ‘gender.’ After exploring some difficulties with the application of the doctrine of complementarity as Catholic orthodoxy, the article concludes by compiling preliminary evidence as to the extent Pope Francis will continue his predecessors’ approach to complementarity.

  17. Die New Age beweging - oorsig en beoordeling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. J. de Bruyn

    1992-06-01

    Full Text Available The New Age Movement (NAM is a leaderless but powerful network, working to bring about radical change in the world. In fact the NAM is a transplantation of Hindu philosophy, with Buddist elements from the East to the West. This article explicates the origin of the NAM and describes its mystic, occult and feminist character. In the article it is stated that the NAM rests on monistic and astrological pillars and that its main doctrines are as follows: pantheism, emanation (instead of creation, reincarnation and the fact that Christ is one of the great Masters controlling the world. The views and doctrines of the NAM are then judged in the light of Scripture.

  18. Apache Wars: A Constabulary Perspective

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Siegrist, Jeremy T

    2005-01-01

    .... This monograph contends that principles of counterinsurgency, drawn from theory and doctrine, are nearly identical in post-conflict environments to principles that guide constabularies, and that each...

  19. Moldavian Crisis Response: A Strategic Concept for Effective Inter-Ministerial Operations

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Fondos, Aurel

    2004-01-01

    .... The author analyzes Moldova's inter-ministerial and departmental strategic decision making processes and proposes improvements to those processes, to the doctrine underlying the processes, and to the...

  20. From the Balkans to Iraq - A Strategic Policy Outline for Integrated Stability Operations

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Botters, Jr, Robert J

    2006-01-01

    .... Although the Department of Defense is conducting stability operations however, there is a void in joint doctrine between stability operations strategy development, campaign planning, and campaign execution...

  1. Logistics Principles in Third Wave Warfare

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Smith, Carleton

    1999-01-01

    .... Transformation of doctrine must proceed apace, challenging whether established principles grounded in past "Industrial Age" wars can be carried forward through both a revolution in military affairs...

  2. 'When You Get a Job to Do, Do It.' The Airpower Leadership of Lt Gen William H. Tunner

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Hanson, David S

    2008-01-01

    .... This thesis draws upon current Air Force leadership doctrine and propose an Air Force Leadership framework with which to assess the relationships between personal experience, leadership competencies...

  3. Leadership Development: A Supervisory Responsibility

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    French, David

    2000-01-01

    .... This is a recurring theme found throughout leadership literature and speeches. The US Air Force clearly establishes subordinate development as a supervisory responsibility in top-level doctrine...

  4. Flexible Methods for Future Force Concept Development

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Gossman, J. R; Mauzy, Rebecca P; Heiden, Charles G; Campbell, Charlotte H; Flynn, Michael R; Lussier, James W; Shadrick, Scott B

    2005-01-01

    .... The Army needs a means to generate, elaborate, refine, describe, test, and validate new concepts relating to doctrine, tactics, techniques, procedures, unit and team organization, job allocation...

  5. 論資訊科技對著作人格權理論的影響 The Influence of Information Technologies on the Moral Rights Doctrine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    張郁齡 Yu-Lin Chang

    2011-06-01

    rights theory faces the challenge of “paradigm shift” resulted from the information technology which separates the personal connection between the author and the work, and encourages “from work to text”. It has bad impact on the authorship idea of the moral rights doctrine.

  6. Relativism: A demon roaming through science

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stojnov Dušan B.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The advocates of the so-called "hard science" view relativism as an extreme undesirable standpoint. The ill fame of relativism is most frequently explained by the opinion that relativism is striving, in general, for the position where "everything is possible", thus hindering the progress of science and leading to its destruction in the long run. Those opposing relativism, consider relativistic position, in the best of cases, depressing and solipsistic, and, in the worst of cases, extremely destructive. Regarding the fact that such an attitude most often results from the ignorance (sometimes from profound ignorance of the basic principles of relativistic doctrine, a more elaborate consideration was given herein to the relativistic doctrine: its definitions, opposing other doctrines and diverse orientations. In short, relativism is founded neither upon a view that everything is possible, nor is its application impossible in science nor are its implications so destructive for science as stated by the opponents of this attitude. In addition, the article considers the issue of harmonizing relativism with multiperspectivism of science. Therefore, the presentation to follow should be taken as an attempt to define relativism more closely and to point out its potentials and the road science can take in the time to come.

  7. DIVINE POWER AND THE SPIRITUAL LIFE IN AQUINAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heather M. Erb

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The role of divine power in Aquinas’s spiritual doctrine has often been neglected in favor of a focus on the primacy of charity, the controlling virtue of spiritual progress. The tendency among some thinkers (e.g. Polkinghorne to juxtapose divine love and power stems from the stress on divine immanence at the cost of divine transcendence, and from an evolutionary (vs. classical view of God with its ‘kenotic’ theodicy. A study of the ways in which divine power grounds and directs the spiritual life highlights the robust role that metaphysics plays in spiritual ascent for Aquinas, and offers a philosophical entry point to his doctrine. Themes in his doctrine of the spiritual life incorporate Platonic transcendent causal plenitude and Aristotelian causal axioms and motifs of growth and unity. From the side of theology, divine power is analyzed through several lenses, including power through weakness in Christ, the sin of Lucifer against the gift of being in contrast to the counsel of obedience, and the role of Christ’s human nature in the Church. Taken together, these themes combine to characterize divine power as redemptive medicine, as opposed to a distant, arbitrary force, and to reveal the ways in which Aquinas applies metaphysical insights to the supernatural order.

  8. Observações aos prolegômenos da teoria kantiana dos juízos jurídicos a priori em Rechtslehre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio César Scherer

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available In this article the kantian Rechtslehre is interpreted as a critical juridical doctrine, understandable under the critical project – started in Kritik der reinen Vernunft and adapted to the practical field in Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. In particular, it is aimed to highlight, besides the apriority, the systematic character and the search for the completeness of the juridical principles, the use of the solubility of problems theory of the reasoning in general in the prolegomenon of Rechtslehre. The study of this preliminary part is justified in presenting the supreme division of the system according to principals, where it is derived a division of the law doctrine, which determines the object (Gegenstand and, therefore, the field of this particular science and the discussion of the research procedure. Such a priori frame of the Law doctrine is the basis of the following Kantian theory of private law and public law. In a bigger picture, this article can be understood as a renouncement to the idea that the Kantian Rechtslehre does not follow the requirements of the critical philosophy – created by Hermann Cohen (Ethik des reinen Willens, 1904 and detailed by Christian Ritter (Der Rechtsgedanke Kants nach den frühen Quellen, 1971.

  9. Relevance in print of law of administrative regulations according to paragraph 48 BImSchG in the licensing procedure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Breuer, R.

    1978-01-01

    The author discusses in great detail the legal problem of administrative regulations according to paragraph 48 of the Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz, BImSchG (Federal Act for the prevention of immissions) and their relevance in point of law in licensing procedures. He very carefully and skilfully presents the different opinions stated in the precedents and by the body of doctrine and quite convincingly explains why he rejects the doctrine of allowing the administration some latitude in their judgement, and thus the doctrine of the defensible opinion with regard to the examination by the court of undefined legal terms. According to the auther's view, the administrative regulations should be regarded as anticipated expert opinions because of the way they are drawn up and because of the way the relevant committees setting up the rules are constituted, i.e. they can serve as a basis for judical decisions. In this connection the author points out that in any case it is left to the court's decisions whether a non-formal expert opinion is deemed to be sufficient, or whether the rules of procedure require a formal expert opinion. Furthermore, several ways of enhancing the binding effect of the administrative regulations pursuant to paragraph 48 of the BImSchG by means of legislatory measures are shown. (UN) [de

  10. Transforming the Albanian Armed Forces, Overcoming the Challenges

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Cahani, Nazmi

    2009-01-01

    The Albanian Armed Forces (AAF) are currently undergoing an extensive defense reform process that consists of transformation of its strategic concept, doctrine, organizational structure, personnel management system, military...

  11. "Tanks" for the Memories? Will Airpower, Specifically Helicopters, Replace Tanks in 2010?

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Blumentritt, John

    1998-01-01

    .... This high-stakes doctrinal debate, possibly driven by limited service budgets, historical events, and even some parochialism, complicates the task of Joint Force Commanders as they create plans...

  12. Preparing For Tomorrow: The Spann-Chapman Interoperability Act

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Usrey, Jack

    2004-01-01

    .... The solution is a concept called the Least Common Denominator Multiplier (LCDM). Its purpose is to consolidate all common doctrine, organization, training, material, leadership, personnel and facilities (DOTMLPF...

  13. Army Attack Aviation Returning to the Close Fight: Impact of the MOUT Environment

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Tate, Frank

    2001-01-01

    .... attack helicopters and their employment, an analysis of the modern threat environment which indicates a strong likelihood of fighting in urban environments, a review of existing aviation doctrine...

  14. Interagency Coordination: Strengthening the Link between Operational Art and the Desired End State

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Clark, Stephen

    1999-01-01

    The thesis of this paper is that the interagency coordination process must be formalized down to the operational level while explicitly incorporating post-hostilities planning into operational art doctrine...

  15. Integrating the Joint Force: Improving Coordination Among The Component Commanders

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Krogman, Kenneth

    2003-01-01

    .... By examining one aspect of joint fire support, the Fire Support Coordination Line (FSCL), the operational level implications of doctrine, and implications regarding horizontal integration and coordination become clear...

  16. Nuclear Weapons in U.S. National Security Policy: Past, Present, and Prospects

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Woolf, Amy F

    2008-01-01

    .... During the Cold War, the United States often modified, or tailored, its nuclear targeting doctrine, its nuclear weapons employment policy, and its nuclear force structure to enhance or maintain...

  17. Planning for and Applying Military Force: An Examination of Terms

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Van Riper, Paul K

    2006-01-01

    This Letort Paper briefly examines current and, in some cases, still evolving definitions in joint doctrine -- especially with regard to strategy, center of gravity, decisive point, and commander's intent...

  18. 32 CFR 842.66 - Applicable law.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... of the place of occurrence prohibits it. (b) Contributory negligence committed by the claimant... the comparative negligence doctrine is used, the percentage of negligence of each party is reflected...

  19. The Urban Warrior: What are the Dismounted Infantry Skills Necessary to Survive in Today's Urban Fighting

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Glaze, George

    2000-01-01

    The topic of this thesis is Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT). Specifically, certain essential skills for the dismounted infantry soldier are lacking in today's training, doctrine, and skills...

  20. Outsourcing Small Wars: Expanding the Role of Private Military Companies in U.S. Military Operations

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Jorgensen, Brent M

    2005-01-01

    "Outsourcing Small Wars: Expanding the Role of Private Military Companies in U.S. Military Operations" argues that, under current domestic and international laws, and current military regulations and doctrine...

  1. Structuring Economic Power for Stability Operations

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Wallen, Andrew T

    2006-01-01

    .... By their nature, these operations have a strong economic context. This thesis provides a methodology for evaluating current institutional structures and economic doctrines being forged among various government agencies...

  2. Systemic Operational Design: Enhancing the Joint Operation Planning Process

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Delacruz, Victor J

    2007-01-01

    Operational level commanders and their staffs require relevant and current joint doctrine that articulates the critical function of operational design and its role in the Joint Operation Planning Process (JOPP...

  3. Properly Applying the Military Decision Making Process in Low Intensity Conflict and Small Scale Contingencies

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Wilson, Todd

    2001-01-01

    The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that current doctrine, applied effectively through the Military Decision Making Process, is more than adequate to the task of providing military planners...

  4. A Value Function Approach to Information Operations MOE's: A Preliminary Study

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Doyle, Michael

    1997-01-01

    A value focused thinking approach is applied to information operations. A preliminary value hierarchy for information operations is constructed by extracting the values of senior military leadership from existing doctrine...

  5. Navy Integration into the Air Force-Dominated JFACC

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Mongillo, Nicholas

    2000-01-01

    ...) unity of effort and command and control. Furthermore, it specifically identifies Navy shortcomings in doctrine, training, manning, and hardware that when coupled with service parochialism hinders suocessful joint air operations...

  6. Effects-Based Operations: The End of Dominant Maneuver?

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Cheek, Gary

    2002-01-01

    ... without dominant ground maneuver. The paper concludes that such thinking misreads a historical warfare lethality trend in a potentially dangerous effort to vindicate the Air Force doctrine of strategic attack...

  7. Arabian Gulf Maritime Interception Operations: Balancing the Ends, Ways, Means and Risks

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Shaw, Thomas

    1999-01-01

    .... Security Council Resolutions. Through the application of joint doctrine and operational art, USCINCCENT has determined that the military condition that will produce this strategic goal is an effective maritime interception...

  8. Post Conflict Operations: A Critical Analysis of US Army Force Structure Requirements

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Smallfield, Jason

    2004-01-01

    .... Post conflict operations terms must be clarified and defined at the joint level. After addressing the challenges within joint doctrine, the Army should reexamine those requisite PCO decision support mechanisms...

  9. Education: A Joint Transformation Enabler

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Alexander, Renita

    2003-01-01

    ... in an organization not known for its adaptability. Underlying the pursuit of transformational concepts necessary to respond to 21st century challenges is an emphasis on joint operations and doctrine...

  10. DoD Spectrum Management: A Critical Analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    2008-06-01

    Restricted Frequency List (JRFL) ......................................................... 17  Doctrine...quickly. 16 Joint Restricted Frequency List (JRFL) According to JP 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, JRFL is

  11. Joint Space Forces in Theater: Coordination is No Longer Sufficient

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Livergood, Brian K

    2007-01-01

    .... The explosive growth of and demand for joint space capabilities have outstripped the joint community's ability to provide unifying doctrine and a command and control structure to meet the demands...

  12. Religion and International Migration: A Case Study of Ukraine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wadim Strielkowski

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper studies the relationships between religion and migration in modern-day Ukraine. We focus on Ukraine’s numerous churches and their attitude toward the phenomenon of emigration, their relevant activities with regard to the outward migration from the country, and the migration experiences and intentions of the believers. We find that the Greek Catholic Church has put special attention on the emigration phenomenon in its social doctrine, while the doctrines of other churches have been less elaborate, both in general terms and with regard to the issue of external migration in particular. Moreover, we demonstrate that worshippers belonging to the different churches have very similar growing concerns about the negative effects of Ukraine’s economic development—social divide and unemployment in particular.

  13. Inherent Anticipation in the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Industries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goldman, Michael; Evans, Georgia; Zappia, Andrew

    2015-04-15

    Pharmaceutical and biotech research often involves discovering new properties of, or new methods to use, existing compositions. The doctrine of inherent anticipation, however, prevents the issuance and/or validity of a patent for discoveries deemed to have been implicitly disclosed in the prior art. This can be a barrier to patent rights in these technologies. Inherent anticipation therefore creates uncertainty for patent protection in the pharmaceutical and biotech sciences. Despite this uncertainty, Federal Circuit jurisprudence provides guidance on the boundaries of the inherent anticipation doctrine. In view of the case law, certain strategies may be employed to protect inventions that may potentially be viewed as inherent in the prior art. Copyright © 2015 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.

  14. Radar Design to Protect Against Surprise

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Doerry, Armin W. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

    2015-02-01

    Technological and doctrinal surprise is about rendering preparations for conflict as irrelevant or ineffective . For a sensor, this means essentially rendering the sensor as irrelevant or ineffective in its ability to help determine truth. Recovery from this sort of surprise is facilitated by flexibility in our own technology and doctrine. For a sensor, this mean s flexibility in its architecture, design, tactics, and the designing organizations ' processes. - 4 - Acknowledgements This report is the result of a n unfunded research and development activity . Sandia National Laboratories is a multi - program laboratory manage d and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE - AC04 - 94AL85000.

  15. AC/ARNG Integrated Division Concept Study, Appendices, Volume 3

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Twohig, John

    1997-01-01

    ...) division headquarters. The US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) was tasked to conduct a viability assessment of the AC/ARNG Integrated Division concept and focus on merits and implementation issues...

  16. AC/ARNG Integrated Division Concept Study, Main Report, Volume 1

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Twohig, John

    1997-01-01

    ...) division headquarters. The US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) was tasked to conduct a viability assessment of the AC/ARNG Integrated Division concept and focus on merits and implementation issues...

  17. The Structure of Tactical Revolution in the U.S. Army from 1968 to 1986

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Donovan, George

    1998-01-01

    .... This monograph uses ideas suggested in Thomas Kuhn's book, The Structure of Scientific Revolution, to examine the forces that impelled doctrinal change, the manner in which change occurred, and the consequences...

  18. Creation of the Advisory Unit in the U.S. Army

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Jack, Charles

    2008-01-01

    ... quality foreign security forces to deal with future challenges. The Army's experiences in Iraq gave the military many lessons to begin development of doctrine and force structure for the advisor missions...

  19. Commanders' Survey: School for Command Preparation Feedback

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Frame, Adela

    1997-01-01

    .... All command designees attend the PreCommand Course (PCC). PCC provides common understanding of current doctrine, and up-to-date information on Army-wide policy, programs and special items of interest...

  20. Reserve Components and the National Will: Clauswitz, Total Force Policy and the Strategic Realities of the 21st Century

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Reynolds, George

    2003-01-01

    .... It will also examine the linkage between Prussian military theorist, Carl von Clauswitz's concepts and the formulation of the Abrams Doctrine and Total Force Policy as they apply to the relationship...

  1. Designing Bare Base Systems for Logistics Efficiency in the Joint Operational Environment

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Trautmann, Jr, William D

    2007-01-01

    .... In recent conflicts, the lack of joint doctrine or joint bare base architecture has hampered the ability of the services to achieve fully operational forward locations within a satisfactory length of time...

  2. Army Transformation Leadership - A Study of Core Competencies for Civilian Leadership

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Garcia, Joe; Klingel, John; Mull, John; Summers, Dennis; Taylor, Vickie

    2006-01-01

    ...., migrating from a traditional "heavy" approach to an agile and responsive capability. Changes are not limited to equipment and doctrine, but are pervasive throughout all aspects of infrastructure and processes, including leadership...

  3. Centralized Command and Control of Theater Missile Defense: The Joint Force Missile Defense Component Coordinator

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Bucey, William H

    2006-01-01

    .... The numerous commands, decentralized command and control, and limited and expensive resources involved in TMD require changes to the joint doctrine in order to provide unity of command and economy of force...

  4. Engagement and Implications for Future National Security Strategies: Can the Services Adapt

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Hodge, Michael

    2000-01-01

    ...: mission profiles beyond the design of US armed forces, debate over the role of US armed forces within an "engagement" construct, debate over the future nature of US Security Policy and doctrinal...

  5. Does the SBCT Intelligence Structure Need a Dedicated ACE/Fusion Cell?

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Sisemore, James

    2004-01-01

    ... a dedicated division level fusion cell. This question is considered because of the doctrinal lack of a Stryker Division headquarters to serve as the link between a SBCT and a corps headquarters...

  6. Rasionalitas Gerakan Kewirausahaan Organisasi Tarekat Siddîqîyah di Jombang

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Misbahul Munir

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This article aims to reveal the values of local wisdom explored from the teachings of the Siddîqîyah order which drives the emergence of high spirit of entrepreneur-ship. The article demonstrates that the spirit of entrepreneur-ship within the Siddîqîyah order is strongly related to its teachings, doctrines and culture, such as that of the unity between faith and humanity, the eight points of readiness for the Siddîqîyah membership, and the doctrine of ‘santri’ (disciple. In attempts to earn living, they run business enterprise through promoting the principle of hard-work and good business management, in addition to implementing spiritual and social capital in achieving success in business. They believe in and feel the strength of prayer (du‘â’, certain rituals, and the importance of belief and harmony to achieve success in business. The teachings, doctrines and culture of the Siddîqîyah order influence the understanding towards the meaning of wealth or property, and occupy an important position in the life of the Siddîqîyah followers. For them, property or wealth has double meaning; it is not only meant in economic context, but also understood in other meanings, i.e., social, spiritual, cultural, and philosophical.

  7. Parents, adolescents, and consent for research participation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iltis, Ana S

    2013-06-01

    Decisions concerning children in the health care setting have engendered significant controversy and sparked ethics policies and statements, legal action, and guidelines regarding who ought to make decisions involving children and how such decisions ought to be made. Traditionally, parents have been the default decision-makers for children not only with regard to health care but with regard to other matters, such as religious practice and education. In recent decades, there has been a steady trend away from the view that parents are in authority over their children and toward the view that children are rights-bearers who should be granted greater authority over themselves. The mature minor doctrine refers to the decision to grant mature minors the authority to make decisions traditionally reserved for their parents. This essay (1) documents the trend towards expanding the understanding of some minors as "mature" and hence as having the right and authority to give informed consent, (2) examines the reasons for which some commentators have a special interest in expanding the mature minor doctrine to the research setting and allowing minors to enroll in research without parental permission, and (3) defends the view that the mature minor doctrine, regardless of its application to clinical health care decisions, ought to be set aside in the research setting in favor of greater parental involvement.

  8. Grundrechte der Staaten

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miloš Vec

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The so-called fundamental rights and duties of states were invented by natural law theory and exist in legal doctrine even today. They resulted from a transfer of the rights of the human individual to the state. What appeared in the middle of the 18th century in the works of Wolff and Vattel in a quite unsystematic and scattered way, was fully developed into a canon in the 19th century: Fundamental rights shifted into the centre of international law doctrine. They constituted the starting point of the international legal order as conceptualized by nearly all legal thinkers. Although an invention of natural law, they outlasted the 18th century and were even to be found in the works of some authors who considered themselves as positivists. Moreover, the general move towards »positivism« did not affect these rights, criticism of this view arising only at the end of the 19th century. Academic doctrine, therefore, was in conflict with the theory of the sources of international law. Their popularity resulted from the desire to have guiding principles in the international order. Most of these principles were materially attached to sovereignty: Fundamental rights emphasized the inviolable autonomy of the state as a legal subject no matter how international relations and international treaties developed.

  9. Paramount Interest: Command Relationships in Amphibious Warfare

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Peabody, Hitch

    2004-01-01

    In 2001, U.S. amphibious forces abandoned sixty years of established command and control doctrine, replacing the traditional senior-subordinate relationship between Navy and Marine commanders with coequal command. Why did it change...

  10. The Evolution of Phase Zero Shaping and Interagency Integration in Combatant Commander Campaign Planning

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Chatham, Anthony P

    2007-01-01

    Shaping is an evolving concept. Although it has been added to campaign planning as described in the campaign phasing model, the doctrine fails to adequately define shaping as a distinct category of activities...

  11. Combat Health Support of the Transformation Force in 2015

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Gouge, Steven

    2001-01-01

    .... Minimizing death and morbidity requires appropriate and timely evacuation and treatment. Joint medical doctrine has been changed to emphasize evacuation of less-stable patients out of theater and decrease the theater hospital footprint...

  12. Missile Defense Attack Operations (Joint Force Quartery, Winter 2000-2001)

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Watanabe, Nathan

    2001-01-01

    ...- 01.5, Doctrine for Joint Theater Missile Defense, often invokes the term integrate. Although the services are making progress in vertical integration on all levels, little has been done to harmonize efforts horizontally...

  13. Airborne Command, Control, and Communications: A Strategic Imperative for the Marine, Air, Ground, Task Force

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Mahaffey, Mark

    2000-01-01

    .... From a very humble and austere beginning in the late 1700s, to becoming the creators of amphibious warfare doctrine in the late 1930s, and from the Corps' initial experimentations with aircraft...

  14. Planning Beyond Tactics: Towards a Military Application of the Philosophy of Design in the Formulation of Strategy

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Hayward, Edward P

    2008-01-01

    ...) is not equipped to tackle ill-defined problems and that a complementary approach is required. This monograph does not attempt to evaluate these new processes or seek to incorporate them within existing doctrine...

  15. Religious Support in the Division XXI Heavy Brigade

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Keller, Eric

    2001-01-01

    Force XXI technology changes the war-fighting doctrine of the US Army. The new digital technology combined with changes in the design of the force structure created a new mechanized infantry or armor division...

  16. Preemption in U.S. Strategic Culture

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Marca, Daniela

    2004-01-01

    .... foreign and strategic policy. In essence, this thesis concludes that the Bush doctrine of preemption is inconsistent with the American strategic culture and view of the use of force displayed throughout the American foreign...

  17. 32 CFR 536.93 - Claims not payable under the Non-Scope Claims Act.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... agent or employee. The doctrine of comparative negligence does not apply. (b) Is for medical, hospital... recoverable by the claimant under an indemnifying law or indemnity contract. If the claim is in part legally...

  18. Self-Development: An Important Aspect of Leader Development

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Snow, Jeffrey

    2003-01-01

    ... and leadership doctrine, Army leaders do not emphasize its value, and the Army provides neither the tools nor the support to enable its leaders to make self-development an effective component of lifelong learning...

  19. Justification and reciprocity

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, Bo Kristian

    2009-01-01

    This chapter argues in discussion with John Milbank, Risto Saarinen, and Ingolf U. Dalferth for the idea of "purified gift-exchange" as a better alternative to "pure gift" in understanding the doctrine of justificaiton....

  20. NATURAL AND SOCIAL STATUS. HISTORICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marius ANDREESCU

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available The history of philosophy and the history of legal doctrines mention and analyze the differences, often categorical, between the existence of man in his natural status and on the other hand, his existence in social status. The doctrine of the social contract is the mainstream of the thought that analyzes the existential status of man in the social environment and the natural environment by arguing, according to the author and the philosophical conception, the historical, social and juridical particularities of the natural status and social status. In our study we support the compatibility between the two existential forms of man, we identify the existential categories in which these can be defined, and emphasize the implications of these categories in realization of the act of justice.

  1. Die skepping as gelykenis: 'n Beoordeling van die skeppingsleer van Karl Barth in die lig van die appel van die ekologiese krisis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Buitendag

    1986-01-01

    Full Text Available The creation as an analogy: An assessment of the doctrine of creation of Karl Barth in the light of the appeal of the ecological crisis In a comprehensive article in Afrikaans, the author points out that the problem of the relation between man and nature has become eminent as a result of the ecological crisis. The doctrine of creation as offered by Barth, does to a certain extent, present a coherence of being amongst creatures, but is nontheless not accepted. The main reason for this is that his ontological principle of covenant imputes a docetic character to the creation. This is ascribed to the fact that Barth operated with a canon behind the canon. The author concludes his article by outlining some distinctive features of a theologia naturae.

  2. Contract Law in a Comparative Perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    - Suharnoko

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available The development of Indonesian contract law has been influenced by enacment of new law, court verdicts and legal practices. It has been influenced by civil law and common law systems applied in other countries as well. The enacment of Consumer Protection Act strenghtens position of consumers against profesional seller. The Basic Agrarian Law and its Implementation Laws improve certainty in ownership of land. Courts have recognized, the doctrine of undue influence, acceptance by conduct, but they have not recognized pre contractual liability and have not applied the doctrine of unjustified enrichment in disputes regarding illegal contract. As practical matter, the integration clause under common law system stipulated in contract governed by Indonesian law, whereas Internasional Convention on Sale of Good regarding this issue adopts civil law system.

  3. Does dogma have a future?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C.J. Wethmar

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available This article deals with the question whether the negative connotation that the term dogma has developed in its present-day usage poses a threat to the future validity and relevance of doctrine in the church. In an attempt to answer this question an analysis is made of the development of the notion of dogma since its initial appearance in Greek thinking up to its function in the contemporary ecclesiastical context. The conclusion drawn from this analysis is that the negative connotation currently attached to this notion can be ascribed to its reduction either to intellectualism or to legalism. This reduction can be obviated by rediscovering the integrative character of dogma that characterised the praesymbola in the New Testament and is furthermore implied by the Reformed doctrine of the clarity of Holy Scripture.

  4. Learning in General Games with Nature’s Moves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrick L. Leoni

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper investigates simultaneous learning about both nature and others’ actions in repeated games and identifies a set of sufficient conditions for which Harsanyi’s doctrine holds. Players have a utility function over infinite histories that are continuous for the sup-norm topology. Nature’s drawing after any history may depend on any past actions. Provided that (1 every player maximizes her expected payoff against her own beliefs, (2 every player updates her beliefs in a Bayesian manner, (3 prior beliefs about both nature and other players’ strategies have a grain of truth, and (4 beliefs about nature are independent of actions chosen during the game, we construct a Nash equilibrium, that is, realization-equivalent to the actual plays, where Harsanyi’s doctrine holds. Those assumptions are shown to be tight.

  5. Respect in Kant’s Tugendlehre and its place in contemporary ethics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Darlei Dall'Agnol

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The paper examines Kant’s conception of respect, especially in his work Metaphysical first principles of the doctrine of virtue (briefly Tugendlehre or Doctrine of Virtue, the second part of his The Metaphysics of Morals, and its place in contemporary ethics. The main question it asks is this: is respect just a feeling, a particular virtue or a moral duty/right? The initial hypothesis is that, in the relevant sense, respect is so to speak a “dutright,” that is, a duty that is at the same time a right. It leads to a fundamental principle, namely respect for persons, defining ‘person’ as a bearer of rights/obligations. Leaving Kant’s metaphysical commitments aside, it shows that this is one of the most important Kantian contributions to contemporary ethics

  6. Pores and Void in Asclepiades’ Physical Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leith, David

    2012-01-01

    This paper examines a fundamental, though relatively understudied, aspect of the physical theory of the physician Asclepiades of Bithynia, namely his doctrine of pores. My principal thesis is that this doctrine is dependent on a conception of void taken directly from Epicurean physics. The paper falls into two parts: the first half addresses the evidence for the presence of void in Asclepiades’ theory, and concludes that his conception of void was basically that of Epicurus; the second half focuses on the precise nature of Asclepiadean pores, and seeks to show that they represent void interstices between the primary particles of matter which are the constituents of the human body, and are thus exactly analogous to the void interstices between atoms within solid objects in Epicurus’ theory. PMID:22984299

  7. A theology of the infinite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David T. Williams

    1995-03-01

    Full Text Available The idea of the infinity of God has recently come under pressure due to the modern world-view, and due to the difficulty of proving the doctrine. However, the idea of the infinite, as qualitatively different from the merely very large, has properties which may be applied to some traditional difficulties in Christian theology, such as the ideas of the Trinity and the Incarnation, particularly in regard to the limitation and subordination of the Son. Predication of infinity to God may then make the doctrine of God more comprehensible and rational At the same time, however, this has implications fo r the nature of God, particularly in his relation to the material and to time. Not to be overlooked is the value of the idea from a pastoral perspective.

  8. Legal obstacles and incentives to the development of small scale hydroelectric power in Kentucky

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    None,

    1980-05-01

    The legal and institutional obstacles to the development of small-scale hydroelectric energy at the state level are examined. The introductory section examines the dual regulatory system from the standpoint of the appropriate legal doctrine, the law of pre-emption, application of the law to the case of hydroelectric development, and concludes with an inquiry into the practical use of the doctrine by the FERC. Additional sections cover acquisition; liability; Department for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection; energy utilities; local regulations; incidental impacts; financial considerations; and sources of information. In Kentucky, many of the impacts have not been implemented with regard to small-scale hydroelectric energy, since in Kentucky most electricity is coal-generated and any hydroelectric power that does exist, is derived from TVA or the Army Corp of Engineer projects.

  9. Cutting Through False Dualisms

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robert K. Beshara

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available In this article, I will use the two truths doctrine from Buddhism to explicate transformative social change as a transmodern moral framework for critical psychological research. The two truths doctrine, a teaching from the Madhyamaka, or Middle Way, school of Mahāyāna Buddhism founded by Nāgārjuna, nondualistically collapses the ontology of transformation (absolute truth and the epistemology of social change (relative truth in the name of soteriology. At their core, dualistic problems and reductionist solutions are based upon the reification of concepts, which can result in devastating effects, such as the objectification (and oppression of research participants—not mentioning moral relativism. This article attempts to offer a transmodern moral framework for qualitative and theoretical researchers in critical psychology outside the confines of the modern–postmodern debate.

  10. The Doctrine of Chances Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling

    CERN Document Server

    Ethier, Stewart N

    2008-01-01

    A work on the probabilistic aspects of gambling that covers the classical material such as house advantage and gambler's ruin. It also takes up such 20th-century topics as martingales, Markov chains, game theory, bold play, and optimal proportional play

  11. Toward Development of an Integrated Aerospace Power Doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1999-03-01

    values naturally provides an initial list of your conscious values. This thinking may also provide many keys to identify previous subconscious values...can adapt to new situations through on-orbit, real-time reprogramming . Modifying terrestrial processing operations and modifying replacement satellites...replayed in the subconscious as if they were on a broken record player. In the beginning, they were discounted as possible obstacles that could not

  12. Resisting the "Employability" Doctrine through Anarchist Pedagogies & Prefiguration

    Science.gov (United States)

    Osborne, Natalie; Grant-Smith, Deanna

    2017-01-01

    Increasingly those working in higher education are tasked with targeting their teaching approaches and techniques to improve the "employability" of graduates. However, this approach is promoted with little recognition that enhanced employability does not guarantee employment outcomes or the tensions inherent in pursuing this agenda. The…

  13. The Development of Spanish Airpower Doctrine (1910-1936)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2002-04-01

    in Spain, including civil and commercial airlines, social air mindedness, national industry, and military aviation. “Reorganización y nuevos ... Proyecto de Reorganización de la Sección y Dirección de Aeronáutica en un Centro único con el nombre de Dirección. Signed by Gen Francisco Echague, as

  14. Strategic Delusions - The Cold Start Doctrine: Proactive Strategy

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-05-26

    In a post 9/11 scenario, India finds it convenient to brand these insurgencies as terrorism and associate most of them with Pakistan. Given these...strategic and operational imperatives following the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks denied the Indian government the luxury of attaining her objectives

  15. Doctrine of Chinese management: Lessons for contemporary leaders

    OpenAIRE

    Vrcelj, Nikolina; Jurčić, Ana; Bučalin-Matić, Andrea

    2014-01-01

    Return to Asian markets would have a beneficial effect on the development of the Serbian economy. An important condition for this is the rediscovery of Asian markets and ways of doing business between business units from different cultural backgrounds. Intercultural management means that companies and individuals have to learn how to cope and manage jobs across national borders and within the framework of foreign cultures. It is a known fact that in practice, business and national culture are...

  16. Brazil’s Security Strategy and Defense Doctrine

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-01-01

    Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica, S.A. (Embraer) has plans to begin production of the KC-390...in the military- controlled CINDACTA (Centro Integrado de Defesa Aérea e Controle de Tráfego Aéreo [Integrated Air Traffic Control and Air...with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 2011 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES

  17. THE DISREGARD DOCTRINE IN NEW CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Roberto Pegoraro Junior

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The new Civil Procedure Code sought to regulate the procedure for piercing the corporate veil in order to ensure the fullness of previus contradictory and admitting the reverse disregard. Innovation allows formal fitness for important tool material effectiveness in the civil process, although already identify some object points of controversy.

  18. The doctrine of informed consent in surgical practice

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Sociocultural factors have strong influence on the sick role. These factors influence ... point of view as a 'voluntary, uncoerced decision made by a .... On the other hand, a young child of 7 years with the emotional .... [14] The people of Southern ...

  19. Sea Basing: Evolutionary Naval Doctrine and Military Transformation

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Gentry, Robin

    2004-01-01

    .... Sea Basing through a combination of naval platforms provides the bridge for the American military forces between the advance force operations needed to prepare the battlespace and the war-winning...

  20. Management: The Missing Link to Army Leadership Doctrine

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Flemming, Lee

    2003-01-01

    .... There are numerous applications for management in today's Army to include the developing Operational Career Fields, budget and procurement management, garrison activities, logistics sustainment, and acquisitions...

  1. Rational heterodoxy: cholesterol reformation of the amyloid doctrine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castello, Michael A; Soriano, Salvador

    2013-01-01

    According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, accumulation of the amyloid peptide Aβ, derived by proteolytic processing from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the key pathogenic trigger in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This view has led researchers for more than two decades and continues to be the most influential model of neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, close scrutiny of the current evidence does not support a central pathogenic role for Aβ in late-onset AD. Furthermore, the amyloid cascade hypothesis lacks a theoretical foundation from which the physiological generation of Aβ can be understood, and therapeutic approaches based on its premises have failed. We present an alternative model of neurodegeneration, in which sustained cholesterol-associated neuronal distress is the most likely pathogenic trigger in late-onset AD, directly causing oxidative stress, inflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation. In this scenario, Aβ generation is part of an APP-driven adaptive response to the initial cholesterol distress, and its accumulation is neither central to, nor a requirement for, the initiation of the disease. Our model provides a theoretical framework that places APP as a regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, accounts for the generation of Aβ in both healthy and demented brains, and provides suitable targets for therapeutic intervention. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Exercising the Monroe Doctrine in Chinese-Influenced Panama

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-23

    with both China and the United States, allowing Panama to play its own ‗Taiwan card ‘ if necessary. Chinese influence and occupation in Panama pose...Trade Agreement ( FTA ) Now Domestically, the U.S. has economic interests in Panama, the fastest growing economy in Latin America and the fourth largest...a trade agreement is not reached.‖32 The FTA would give U.S. firms, farmers, and investors access to untaxed trade with Panama, making U.S. goods

  3. Back to the Basics: An Aviation Solution to Counterinsurgent Warfare

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Davis, Arthur D

    2005-01-01

    .... By examining past examples of the use of air power in counterinsurgent warfare, this study sheds light on the United States' current failings in both equipment and doctrine as it wages this type of war...

  4. The Big Issue: Command and Combat in the Information Age

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Potts, David

    2003-01-01

    This Occasional Paper considers command and combat in the information age. A small team in the British Army's conceptual "think tank," the Directorate General Development and Doctrine, worked together on this issue for 18 months...

  5. Ship-to-Objective Maneuver (STOM) in a Chinese Threat Environment

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Kirby, Samuel A

    2007-01-01

    .... As new STOM enabling platforms such as the MV-22 and Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) become operational, the doctrine, concepts of operation, and tactics, techniques and procedures of STOM will proceed from development into implementation...

  6. Information Management: Is the U.S. Army prepared for Information Superiority?

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Norton, Timothy

    2003-01-01

    .... Army doctrine in this area does not support it. Specifically, the topic of information management, one of the fundamentals in information superiority, is lacking in the clarity and depth required to meet this lofty goal...

  7. Growing Better Leaders for the Future: A Study in Optimizing Self-Awareness

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Bassett, Richard

    2004-01-01

    .... If that isn't enough, the Army continues to fight the figurative war of transformation. Success of the transformation effort lies within the Doctrine Organization Training Materiel Leadership and Education Personnel and Facilities (DOTMLPF) framework...

  8. The Line Item Veto Act After One Year.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1998-04-01

    grounds that it violates the Constitution’s separation of powers doctrine. The Supreme Court has scheduled oral arguments on the case for late April and is expected to make a mling sometime this year.

  9. Toward a Primer on Operational Art

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Ward, David

    1999-01-01

    ... 3.0 Doctrine for Joint Operations published in 1995. These gaps and disconnects in understanding have often led to confusion and hindered the intellectual development of the field grade officer in the U.S. Army...

  10. An Analysis of a Joint and Expeditionary Mindset

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Walsh, William J; Shingledecker, Clark

    2006-01-01

    ... to be adaptable and learn quickly in an unknown culture. The authors found that Joint refers to a major shift toward blending the doctrine, language, and cultures of the Service branches to enable effective interoperability...

  11. A Review and Annotated Bibliography of the Literature Pertaining to Team and Small Group Performance (1989 to 1999)

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    LaJoie, Andrew

    1999-01-01

    .... Training and military doctrine has been evolving to reflect this emphasis on teamwork. The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to review literature published over the last ten years concerning team and small group performance...

  12. Amphibious Search and Rescue: Shaping the Future

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Dowling, Michael

    2002-01-01

    The current Amphibious Search and Rescue (ASAR) mission is outdated, lacks integration with the mission/doctrine of the amphibious force and fails to exploit the multi-mission and tactical capabilities of the MH-60S helicopter...

  13. Air Force Roles and Missions: A History

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Trest, Warren A

    1998-01-01

    .... We the men and women who serve in the Air Force, but also our fellow airmen in America's other military services are the heirs and beneficiaries of a long heritage of doctrinal development and military thought...

  14. Information Operations as a Counter to US Air Dominance: A Rival's Perspective

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Harris, Jr, David A

    2007-01-01

    The purpose of this monograph is to answer the question of what lessons over the past ten years of US air operations have foreign militaries integrated into their doctrine and organizations to counter US air dominance...

  15. A Concept at the Crossroads: Re-Thinking the Center of Gravity

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Janiczek, Rudolph M

    2007-01-01

    ...) as a central element of campaign planning. The doctrinal definitions of the COG are still imperfect, but the concept arguably serves as an effective tool for focusing military effort to win decisively in major operations or campaigns...

  16. CCIR for Complex and Uncertain Environments

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Spinuzzi, Marc A

    2007-01-01

    .... These purposes were all developed with conventional warfare in mind. Lessons learned from unconventional wars against insurgents or guerrillas were rarely applied to the concept of CCIR, and were systematically removed from doctrine when they did appear...

  17. INQUISITIO, FAMA, EVIDENTIA: LA CONTRIBUCIÓN DE INOCENCIO III A LA TEORIA DE LA NOTORIEDAD DEL DELITO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Gutiérrez Masson

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Study of the inquisitorial canonical process and of the delictum notorium facti or notoriety of fact of the fault in some decretals of Pope Inocent III, and its influence over the later canonical doctrine.

  18. Inherent Risk or Risky Decision? Coach's Failure to Use Safety Device an Assumed Risk

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dodds, Mark A.; Bochicchio, Kristi Schoepfer

    2013-01-01

    The court examined whether a coach's failure to implement a safety device during pitching practice enhanced the risk to the athlete or resulted in a suboptimal playing condition, in the context of the assumption of risk doctrine.

  19. Joint Logistics, Fact or Fiction?

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Carroll, Walton

    1998-01-01

    ...) and the evolution of Joint doctrine to meet these new demands. The focus of this examination remains at the strategic level and the ability of the Services to meet the logistical demands of the modern theater battlefield...

  20. Building the Old Contemptibles: British Military Transformation and Tactical Development from the Boer War to the Great War, 1899-1914

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Risio, Andrew J

    2005-01-01

    Impressed with the tactical lessons of the Boer War, the British Army reformed its doctrine and training from 1899 to 1914, deploying a combat ready force, the "Old Contemptibles" of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in 1914...

  1. Towards an African Philosophy of Education.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ocaya-Lakidi, Dent

    1980-01-01

    Compares and contrasts contemporary philosophies of education in Africa with two philosophical doctrines (naturalism and idealism). Topics discussed include value selectors, westernization, the role of missionaries in African education, critical consciousness, relevance, and African education today. (DB)

  2. Battlefield Environment Technology Transfer During Digital Capstone Exercise II

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Barnes, Eugene S

    2002-01-01

    During Digital Capstone Exercise (DCX ) II, the 4th Infantry Division (4ID) employed the U.S. Army s first digitized heavy division enabled by modern warfighting doctrine, structure, and systems, such as the Army Battle Command System...

  3. The Director of Mobility Forces' Role in the Command Control of Air Mobility Assets During Humanitarian Relief Operations

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Bush, Timothy E

    2000-01-01

    ...). Air Force doctrine recommends a command and control (C2) structure that permits the same organizational concept to be used throughout the spectrum of conflict, tailored to suit the specific operational objectives of a Joint Task Force (JFT...

  4. Interagency cooperation : FEMA and DOD in domestic support operations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1997-05-01

    This paper studies the interagency cooperation between DOD and FEMA, focusing specifically on the evolution of doctrine and procedures for responding to natural disasters. While both FEMA and DOD have improved in their ability to respond to disasters...

  5. HTS 63_4_ VANWYK.AMIE._gewysig

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    p1243322

    “consequences” of doctrinal proposals or demonstrating their “relevance”. ..... husband and wife, elders and children, the far and the near (people). The theme of .... society; it will also stand resolutely against dictatorship in principle (sic!) of the.

  6. JM Maweu The Morality of Profit in Business pp75-89

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    JM Maweu

    The main argument of this theoretical paper is that the pursuit of honest profits ... Is the pursuit of profits in business compatible with ethical business behavior? ..... behavior since the doctrine of maximizing self interest rooted in ethical egoism.

  7. BEYOND “TWO SOURCE THEORY” AND “SOLA SCRIPTURA ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tertullian is insisting that Scripture be handled only with reference to .... of Trent's Decree on Sacred Books and on Traditions (8 April 1546). In order to challenge the ..... Richard Hooker's via media doctrine of Scripture and tradition. Harvard.

  8. Lightning over Water: Sharpening America's Light Forces for Rapid Reaction Missions

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Matsumura, John

    2000-01-01

    ... of crises around the world with equipment and doctrine optimized for that earlier Cold War era. In some sense, the momentum of the acquisition process is now resulting in a mismatch of capability with respect to emerging needs...

  9. Lightning Over Water: Sharpening America's Light Forces for Rapid Reaction Missions

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Matsumura, John

    2001-01-01

    ... of crises around the world with equipment and doctrine optimized for that earlier Cold War era. In some sense, the momentum of the acquisition process is now resulting in a mismatch of capability with respect to emerging needs...

  10. Massing Effects in the Information Domain: A Case Study in Aggressive Information Operations

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Metz, Thomas F; Garrett, Mark W; Hutton, James E; Bush, Timothy W

    2006-01-01

    In 1995, the Department of the Army, Forces Command, and the Training and Doctrine Command began a joint venture called Force XXI, the focus of which was to understand how information-age technology could improve the U.S...

  11. Making the Information Manager (G6/J6): Leveraging Information Management to Achieve Information Dominance

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Cross, Frederick

    2002-01-01

    The three primary communications disciplines offered to signal officers by the U.S. Army Signal Corps separately do not meet the educational and training needs required of the G6/J6 Information Manager to support future doctrine...

  12. Improving Information Operations with a Military Cultural Analyst

    Science.gov (United States)

    2005-01-25

    Communicating Across Cultures, (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1996), 24. 44 Ibid. 45 Marieke de Mooij, Global Marketing and Advertising...United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1992. De Mooij, Marieke. Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes

  13. A Trinitarian approach to spirituality: Exploring the possibilities

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2015-07-30

    Jul 30, 2015 ... Attention is paid to the relationship between doctrinal theology and ... Would an explicit Trinitarian understanding of the spiritual life differ .... theology are divided as to how to map the subsequent history: Has the confession ...

  14. Developing a simulation for border safeguarding

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Van Rooyen, S

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Border safeguarding is the defence of territorial integrity and sovereignty, and this is a joint responsibility of the military and the police. Military doctrine for conventional warfare is not sufficient for Border Safeguarding operations due...

  15. On Psychic Determinism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Robin Gordon

    2017-06-01

    A confusion persists in the psychoanalytic literature regarding the concept of psychic determinism. Two authors are cited in whose works the concept is identified as foundational to psychoanalysis, in the one case as a "fundamental hypothesis" (Charles Brenner) and in the other as an "underlying presupposition" or assumption (Linda A.W. Brakel). Both claims are based on a conflation of the concept Freud had in mind with a philosophical doctrine going by the same name but meaning something quite different. The philosophical doctrine has no place in psychoanalysis at all, and Freud's concept does not play a foundational role there. In a second section a restricted concept of psychic determinism is critically examined. A third section deals with the impact of that restricted concept on clinical theory and contemporary controversies about clinical practice. Finally, some possible reasons for this confusion are suggested.

  16. Effect-Based Thinking in NATO

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Møller, Hans Henrik

    2014-01-01

    Since 2010, a comprehensive approach has been adopted and implemented in planning and conducting all the operations of NATO. It is built on the logic that military operations do not stand alone, but are inherently deep-rooted in the strategic context provided by other strategic instruments of power...... such as the political/diplomatic, economic, and civil society. As effects have to be generated within this multifaceted context, common sense dictated that effect-based thinking for military plans and operations has to become intrinsically tied to the comprehensive approach. Legitimacy is not directly identified...... in the NATO strategy, concepts, doctrines, or planning documents yet, as pointed out earlier in chapter two, it is an important holistic strategic parameter that in this case will determine the scope of NATO action—or inaction. This chapter will argue that despite its absence in the wording of doctrine...

  17. The Relation of Conatus with spinoza`s Ethics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    muhammad ali abdllahi

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Conatus, the law of self-preservation, is an inherent striving of beings to persist on its own being.. Spinoza, after explaining the conatus and justifying the problem of self-destruction (suicide, rejected many of common concepts of his predecessors’ philosophical tradition and redefined them in a different way by conatus doctrine. Spinoza denied teleological interpretation of world events and offered a nonteleological explanation of them by “desire” and “appetite” that rooted in the conatus principle. Spinoza Presents special interpretation of Ethical act root and lays the ethical good in the “Human will” and in the “nature of the objects”. For Spinoza, the ethics rooted in philosophical necessity, therefore, he tries to establish his own ethics on a strong foundation- that is individual egoism (self-interest - which is rooted in the conatus doctrine

  18. Guide related to structure sanitation in basic nuclear installations. Guide Nr 14, Release of the 30 August 2016

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2016-01-01

    This guide defines recommendations made by the ASN regarding the sanitation methodology to be applied to buildings and structures of any basic nuclear installation. After a recall of the general doctrine for the management of wastes in basic nuclear installations, the guide presents the ASN doctrine for structure sanitation which distinguishes complete sanitation, extended sanitation, and sanitation in operation phase. It presents principles for the sanitation of component structures of an area of possible production of nuclear wastes. It indicates administrative procedures to be applied before and after sanitation works, notably when the radiological condition of structures has been made compatible or not with any use. After indication of requirements in terms of quality insurance, modalities of definition of defence lines (from first to fourth) are discussed. Requirements regarding the performance of sanitation operations are reviewed

  19. Annals of African Surgery January 2012 16.12.2012.indd

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    andrew

    2012-01-12

    Jan 12, 2012 ... tions, which touch on quality of life and allocation of re- sources, may prove ... tion of death especially in resource poor countries. Historical Trends ... crossroads of western religious doctrine and medico-legal laws that often ...

  20. Applying theological developments to bioethical issues such as genetic screening.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mallia, P.; Have, H.A.M.J. ten

    2005-01-01

    Catholic movements within the centre of Roman Catholic doctrine recently have discussed Trinitarian theology as applied to sciences, arts, economics, health and other social areas. We explore the possibilities Trinitarian theology offers to bioethical debate, concentrating particularly on genetic

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