Experimental Investigation of transmission properties of all-optical label swapping of orthogonal IM/FSK labeled signals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm-Nielsen, Pablo Villanueva; Chi, Nan; Zhang, Jianfeng

2003-01-01

Optically labeled IM/FSK signal saretran smitte dover 50km of SMF under different compensation schemes.All-opticallabel swapping based on MZ-SOA and EAM is presented. Transmission followed by label swapping shows a 2dB overall power penalty....

H1N1 Influenza A hos mennesker og svin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Lars Erik

2009-01-01

Den nye pandemiske influenza A stamme H1N1 er hovedsagelig et nyt virus, som spredes mellem mennesker, men virusset er formodentlig opstået ved blanding af to svineinfluenza-virus og har derfor bibeholdt evnen til at kunne smitte fra mennesker til svin og fra svin til svin. Det er derfor vigtigt...

Vertikal smitte med hiv i Danmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kvinesdal, Birgit Bak; Valerius, Niels Henrik; Herlin, Troels

2002-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Vertical transmission of HIV can be reduced if the pregnant woman and new born child receive antiretroviral treatment. Delivery by caesarean section and avoidance of breast feeding further reduce vertical transmission. The aim of this study was to describe the treatment of HIV......-positive pregnant women in Denmark and the risk of vertical transmission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively describe the risk of vertical transmission of HIV among HIV-positive women giving birth in Denmark during the period, mid-1994 to February 2000. RESULTS: Fifty children were born. One mother gave birth...... mothers was the HIV-infection known until the time of delivery or later. Transmission of HIV did not occur in the 34 mother-child pairs who received antepartum and intrapartum antiretroviral treatment, who had a caesarean delivery, who did not breast-feed, and whose children were given postpartum...

Modelling spatial distribution of Patagonian toothfish through life-stages and sex and its implications for the fishery on the Kerguelen Plateau

Science.gov (United States)

Péron, Clara; Welsford, Dirk C.; Ziegler, Philippe; Lamb, Timothy D.; Gasco, Nicolas; Chazeau, Charlotte; Sinègre, Romain; Duhamel, Guy

2016-02-01

Size and sex specific habitat preferences are common in animal populations and can have important implications for sound spatial management of harvested species. Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a commercially exploited fish species characterised by its longevity (>50 yo) and its extremely broad distribution in depths ranging from 10 m to 2500 m on most of the Plateaux, banks and seamounts of the Southern Ocean. As many bentho-pelagic fish species, Patagonian toothfish exhibits sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic habitat shift towards deeper waters as they grow. In this study, we modelled the spatial structure of Patagonian toothfish population (median total length and sex composition) in a data-rich area, the Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Indian Ocean), to better understand the ecological drivers of their distributional patterns and inform current and future fishery management strategies. We applied spatially-explicit statistical models to quantify and predict the effects of the complex topography of the Kerguelen Plateau in structuring the spatial distribution of Patagonian toothfish total length and sex ratio, while controlling for gear selectivity and season. Model predictions showed that juvenile toothfish live in shallow regions (shelf and banks) and move downward progressively up to 600 m while they grow. Between 600 m and 1200 m, the downward movement stops and fish settle at their preferred depths. While in this depth range, fish are ∼75 cm long and most vulnerable to fisheries. As they approach maturity large fish move downward to deep-sea habitats (from 1200 m to >2300 m) and head towards the spawning grounds on the western side of the plateau and around Skiff Bank. Importantly, the sex ratio was not evenly distributed across the Plateau; prediction maps revealed a higher proportion of females in the South whereas a strong male-bias sex ratio (70%) occurred in the North-West. Large-scale prediction maps derived from our models assisted in

Rapportering af diagnostiske undersøgelser af faldvildt 2014

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chriél, Mariann; Hansen, Mette Sif; Larsen, Gitte

. Udbruddet startede i april i Sverige og sluttede i efteråret i Holland. Der var under udbruddet ingen tegn på smitte til gråsæler. Den zoonotiske parasit Echinococcus multilocularis er igen i år påvist i ræve og for første gang er parasitten påvist hos 2 mårhunde. Der mærkes en stor interesse fra borgere og...

Dicty_cDB: SLI124 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 35 1 ( DU862057 ) 70626 Tomato HindIII BAC Library Solanum lycopers... 48 0.35 1 ( FE211390 ) L018C10 Antarctic fish Dissostichus maw...soni adult... 48 0.35 1 ( AC067869 ) Homo sapiens chromo

Spa-typing av stammer av Staphylococcus aureus fra blodkulturer analysert ved UNN Tromsø 2007-2008

OpenAIRE

Midtgard, Anette

2011-01-01

Bakgrunn: Staphylococcus aureus er et av de vanligste patogenene som kan skape sykdom hos mennesket. Mange av oss er bærere av bakterien i nese eller hals, og det er vist at persisterende bærere har høyere risiko for å utvikle S. aureus-infeksjoner enn andre. De fleste S. aureus-infeksjonene blant bærere er forårsaket av pasientens egen bakteriestamme. Materiale og metode: 140 blodkulturisolater fra pasienter med S. aureus bakteriemi analysert ved Avdeling for mikrobiologi og smitte...

Heteroseksuel HIV-smitte i Danmark. Observationer fra en infektionsmedicinsk afdeling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Smith, E; Sonne, I; Lundgren, Jens Dilling

1990-01-01

heterosexually. Out of the heterosexually infected women, a total of 9 were found to be living in a regular partnership with a HIV positive partner and eight of these couples were suitable for investigation. Seven of the eight women were probably infected by their regular male partner, four of whom belonged...

Heteroseksuel HIV-smitte i Danmark. Observationer fra en infektionsmedicinsk afdeling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Smith, E; Sonne, I; Lundgren, Jens Dilling

1990-01-01

to known risk groups. Six of the eight men were HIV tested on account of HIV related symptoms while all of the women were tested because their regular partners were found to be HIV positive. The diagnosis of AIDS was established in ten out of 16 persons. Six of the men and three of the women were found...... to have AIDS less than one year after the first positive HIV test while the diagnosis was established in one man 22 months after the HIV test. The six men with HIV related symptoms had sought medical help on an average eight weeks before a HIV test was carried out and the diagnosis of AIDS was established...... in five immediately after referral to the special department. It is emphasized that every Danish doctor should be aware of the symptoms of HIV and these should be borne in mind even in the case of patients who do not belong to the known risk groups....

"Hun vides ikke at have andet erhverv end erhverv ved utugt"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Christina Louise

2015-01-01

The purpose of this thesis is to show how the Morality Police in Copenhagen regulated prostitution and sexual promiscuity from 1906-1940. The final decades of the nineteenth century saw intense discussion on how to cope with the danger of the widespread venereal diseases. Prostitutes were seen...... as disease carriers and at the same time, prostitution was considered immoral and scandalous. The solution to both the problem of the dissemination of sexually transmitted diseases and the grounds of public morality and decency were resolved through regulation of the sale of sex. This implied regular medical...... examinations and strict rules laid down for the behavior of the prostitutes. However in 1906 a new legislation concerning public indecency and venereal diseases, Lov af 30te Marts 1906 om Modarbejdelse af offentlig Usædelighed og venerisk Smitte, was passed by the Danish Parliament. The Law of 1906 was adopted...

Linnulennult 2008. aasta lastekirjandusest / Mare Müürsepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Müürsepp, Mare, 1958-

2009-01-01

Lühidalt on iseloomustatud järgmisi 2008. a. ilmunud lasteraamatuid: Raud, Piret. Printsess Luluu ja härra Kere (Tänapäev) ; Vilep, Heiki. Horlok ja Ürgvärava võti (A-Disain) ; Reinaus, Reeli. Saladuslik päevik (Tänapäev) ; Kumberg, Krista. Autopõnn Anto läheb seiklema (Koolibri) ; Ausman, Piia. Kaptenid avastavad maailma (Haus Galerii) ; Selli, Tiia. Neletriin ja Kapi-Kaarup (Tänapäev) ; Samuel, Evelin. Ükskord, kui sadas vihma (Ajakirjade Kirjastus) ; Pervik, Aino. Presidendilood (Tänapäev) ; Vainola, Kätlin. Mia, Konrad ja avanevad uksed (Tänapäev) ; Smitt, Katri. Varesejalakiri (Ilo) ; Käo, Henno. Mina, emme ja teised (Tänapäev) ; Saarna, Meelike. Mattias ja mamma (Tänapäev) ; Hinrikus, Kadri. Miia ja Friida (Eesti Ekspressi Kirjastus) ; Soopan, Ivar. Kõik poisid ei saa suureks (Eesti Päevaleht) ; Kutsar, Kuulo. Mõmmikute telerihaigus (Ilo)

Typebestemmelse af de danske M. bovis stammer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kokotovic, Branko

Mycoplasma bovis er en af de mest betydningsfulde mykoplasma i kvægbruget på verdensplan. Bakterien findes oftest i forbindelse med mastitis, lunge- og ledbetændelse, men andre kliniske manifestationer kan også forekomme. Der findes ikke præcise, nyere beregninger over konsekvenser af M. bovis...... relateret sygdomme, men det anses, at infektionen hvert år globalt set pålægger en økonomisk byrde til kvægbruget i en multimillion skala. M. bovis blev for første gang påvist i Danmark i 1981 og gennem 1980’erne har bakterien forårsaget store udbrud af mastitis. I de følgende årtier blev bakterien isoleret...... sporadisk fra mange forskellige kvægbesætninger, men på trods af en tilsyneladende stigende forekomst i 1990’erne, blev der ikke registret omfattende sundhedsmæssige problemer som følge af M. bovis smitte. Siden 2011 er M. bovis dog kommet i fokus igen på grund af alvorlige udbrud af især ledbetændelse, men...

Temperature-dependent enthalpy of oxygenation in Antarctic fish hemoglobins

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fago, A.; Wells, R.M.G.; Weber, Roy E.

1997-01-01

The effect of temperature on the oxygen-binding properties of the hemoglobins of three cold-adapted Antarctic fish species, Dissostichus mawsoni, Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Trematomus, sp., has been investigated under different pH values and buffer conditions. A clear non linear van't Hoff plot...... (logP(50) vs 1/T) of D. mawsoni hemoglobin indicates that the enthalpy of oxygenation (slope of the plot) is temperature dependent and that at high temperatures oxygen-binding becomes less exothermic. Nearly linear relationships were found in the hemoglobins of the other two species. The data were...... oxygen binding. The degree of the temperature dependence of the heat of oxygenation observed in these hemoglobins seems to reflect the differences in their allosteric effects rather than a specific molecular adaptation to low temperatures. Moreover, this study indicates that the disagreement between...

Plastic ingestion by fish in the Southern Hemisphere: A baseline study and review of methods.

Science.gov (United States)

Cannon, Seon M E; Lavers, Jennifer L; Figueiredo, Bianca

2016-06-15

Plastic ingestion is well documented among marine birds and sea turtles but fewer studies have investigated ingestion in fish, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. We investigated the frequency of plastic ingestion in 21 species of fish and one species of cephalopod. The overall occurrence of plastic ingestion was 0.3%. Two micro-plastic items were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of a single Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni). Ingestion rates were similar to other studies of fish conducted in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, however comparisons across species and locations are challenging due to the lack of consistency in the identification and classification of plastic debris. In response, we propose a standardised sampling protocol based on the available literature to provide a stronger basis for comparisons among existing and future studies of plastic ingestion in fish. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Operationelle og organisatoriske forholds betydning for Salmonella smitte og smitteveje i den danske svinekødsproduktion. Feasibility study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, B.; Borch, K.; Stärk, K.

2000-01-01

The impact of individual and organisational factors on salmonella transmission and contamination in the Danish pork production chain have been provisionally assessed. The idea was to investigate to which extent the experiences gained from risk analysisand risk management of the process industries...... can be adapted and applied in the pork industry. Based on functional system models and hazard analysis it was possible to identify hazardous conditions or processes, but the event sequences leading to theunwanted events were not necessarily obvious. Individual and organisational factors were described...... be established to build up a knowledge base of cases and problem solutions. An essential motivating factor to implement appropriate salmonella safety measures in the primary production seems to be economic sanctions. The study focused onthe primary production of pigs, the transportation and the slaughter process....

Structure and dynamics of Antarctic fish neuroglobin assessed by computer simulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Boron, Ignacio; Russo, Roberta; Boechi, Leonardo; Cheng, C-H Christina; di Prisco, Guido; Estrin, Darío A; Verde, Cinzia; Nadra, Alejandro D

2011-03-01

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a heme protein, highly conserved along evolution, predominantly found in the nervous system. It is upregulated by hypoxia and ischemia and may have a neuroprotective role under hypoxic stress. Although many other roles have been proposed, the physiological function is still unclear. Antarctic icefishes lack hemoglobin and some species also lack myoglobin, but all have Ngb and thus may help the elucidation of Ngb function. We present the first theoretically derived structure of fish Ngb and describe its behavior using molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, we sequenced and analyzed Ngbs from a colorless-blooded Antarctic icefish species Chaenocephalus aceratus and a related red-blooded species (Dissostichus mawsoni). Both fish Ngbs are 6-coordinated but have some peculiarities that differentiate them from mammalian counterparts: they have extensions in the N and C termini that can interact with the EF loop, and a gap in the alignment that changes the CD-region structure/dynamics that has been found to play a key role in human neuroglobin. Our results suggest that a single mutation between both fish Ngbs is responsible for significant difference in the behavior of the proteins. The functional role of these characteristics is discussed. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Pogonophryne neyelovi, a new species of Antarctic short-barbeled plunderfish (Perciformes, Notothenioidei, Artedidraconidae from the deep Ross Sea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gennadiy Shandikov

2013-04-01

Full Text Available This paper continues descriptions of new deep-water Antarctic barbeled plunderfishes of the poorly known and the most speciose notothenioid genus Pogonophryne. It is based on a comprehensive collection obtained by the authors in 2009–2010 during an Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni fishing trip. A new species, the hopbeard plunderfish P. neyelovi, the twenty-second species of the genus, is described. The new species belongs to dorsally-spotted short-barbeled species forming the “P. mentella” group. Pogonophryne neyelovi sp.n. is characterized by the following combination of characters: a very short and small mental barbel with an ovaloid and short terminal expansion covered by flattened scale-like processes that are mostly bluntly palmate; a moderately protruding lower jaw; a high second dorsal fin almost uniformly black and lacking a sharply elevated anterior lobe; pectoral fins striped anteriorly and uniformly light posteriorly; the anal and pelvic fins light; the dorsal surface of the head and the area anterior to the first dorsal fin covered with large, irregular dark brown blotches and spots; the ventral surface of the head, breast and belly without sharp dark markings. The new species is compared to the closest species P. brevibarbata, P. tronio, and P. ventrimaculata. English vernacular names are proposed for all species of the genus.

Price trends of oil and gas. Influence from the development on the British gas market; Prisutsikter for olje og gass. Vil utviklingen paa det britiske gassmarked smitte?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, B.L.

1996-12-31

This paper focuses on the future prospects of oil and gas prices in Europe being influenced by the liberalized market in the United Kingdom. With reference to the Norwegian continental shelf, the market price of oil determines the price of gas because the oil production will be much higher than the production of gas for a long time. From 1998 onwards, a new natural gas pipeline will be operating between the United Kingdom and the Continent having a capacity of 20 billion Sm{sup 3} in both directions. The author gives at first a brief description of the continental market of to day, secondly, a discussion on how to liberalize such a market together with experience obtained in the United Kingdom, and thirdly, the risk of falling prices being similar to the existing bargain prices in the United Kingdom. 11 figs.

Decadal Trends in Abundance, Size and Condition of Antarctic Toothfish in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, 1972-2010

Science.gov (United States)

Ainley, David G.; Nur, Nadav; Eastman, Joseph T.; Ballard. Grant; Parkinson, Claire L; Evans, Clive W.; DeVries, Arthur L.

2012-01-01

We report analyses of a dataset spanning 38 years of near-annual fishing for Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni, using a vertical setline through the fast ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, 1972-2010. This constitutes one of the longest biological time series in the Southern Ocean, and certainly the longest for any fish. Fish total length, condition and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were derived from the more than 5500 fish caught. Contrary to expectation, length-frequency was dominated by fish in the upper half of the industrial catch. The discrepancy may be due to biases in the sampling capabilities of vertical (this study) versus benthic (horizontal) fishing gear (industry long lines), related to the fact that only large Antarctic toothfish (more than 100 cm TL) are neutrally buoyant and occur in the water column. Fish length and condition increased from the early 1970s to the early 1990s and then decreased, related to sea ice cover, with lags of 8 months to 5 years, and may ultimately be related to the fishery (which targets large fish) and changes in the Southern Annular Mode through effects on toothfish main prey, Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum. CPUE was constant through 2001 and then decreased dramatically, likely related to the industrial fishery, which began in 1996 and which concentrates effort over the Ross Sea slope, where tagged McMurdo fish have been found. Due to limited prey choices and, therefore, close coupling among mesopredators of the Ross Sea, Antarctic toothfish included, the fishery may be altering the trophic structure of the Ross Sea.

Trends in the Breeding Population of Adélie Penguins in the Ross Sea, 1981–2012: A Coincidence of Climate and Resource Extraction Effects

Science.gov (United States)

Lyver, Phil O’B.; Barron, Mandy; Barton, Kerry J.; Ainley, David G.; Pollard, Annie; Gordon, Shulamit; McNeill, Stephen; Ballard, Grant; Wilson, Peter R.

2014-01-01

Measurements of the size of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies of the southern Ross Sea are among the longest biologic time series in the Antarctic. We present an assessment of recent annual variation and trends in abundance and growth rates of these colonies, adding to the published record not updated for more than two decades. High angle oblique aerial photographic surveys of colonies were acquired and penguins counted for the breeding seasons 1981–2012. In the last four years the numbers of Adélie penguins in the Ross and Beaufort Island colonies (southern Ross Sea metapopulation) reached their highest levels since aerial counts began in 1981. Results indicated that 855,625 pairs of Adélie penguins established breeding territories in the western Ross Sea, with just over a quarter (28%) of those in the southern portion, constituting a semi-isolated metapopulation (three colonies on Ross Island, one on nearby Beaufort Island). The southern population had a negative per capita growth rate of −0.019 during 1981–2000, followed by a positive per capita growth rate of 0.067 for 2001–2012. Colony growth rates for this metapopulation showed striking synchrony through time, indicating that large-scale factors influenced their annual growth. In contrast to the increased colony sizes in the southern population, the patterns of change among colonies of the northern Ross Sea were difficult to characterize. Trends were similar to southern colonies until the mid-1990s, after which the signal was lost owing to significantly reduced frequency of surveys. Both climate factors and recovery of whale populations likely played roles in the trends among southern colonies until 2000, after which depletion of another trophic competitor, the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni), may explain the sharp increasing trend evident since then. PMID:24621601

Trends in the breeding population of Adelie penguins in the Ross Sea, 1981-2012: a coincidence of climate and resource extraction effects.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Phil O'B Lyver

Full Text Available Measurements of the size of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae colonies of the southern Ross Sea are among the longest biologic time series in the Antarctic. We present an assessment of recent annual variation and trends in abundance and growth rates of these colonies, adding to the published record not updated for more than two decades. High angle oblique aerial photographic surveys of colonies were acquired and penguins counted for the breeding seasons 1981-2012. In the last four years the numbers of Adélie penguins in the Ross and Beaufort Island colonies (southern Ross Sea metapopulation reached their highest levels since aerial counts began in 1981. Results indicated that 855,625 pairs of Adélie penguins established breeding territories in the western Ross Sea, with just over a quarter (28% of those in the southern portion, constituting a semi-isolated metapopulation (three colonies on Ross Island, one on nearby Beaufort Island. The southern population had a negative per capita growth rate of -0.019 during 1981-2000, followed by a positive per capita growth rate of 0.067 for 2001-2012. Colony growth rates for this metapopulation showed striking synchrony through time, indicating that large-scale factors influenced their annual growth. In contrast to the increased colony sizes in the southern population, the patterns of change among colonies of the northern Ross Sea were difficult to characterize. Trends were similar to southern colonies until the mid-1990s, after which the signal was lost owing to significantly reduced frequency of surveys. Both climate factors and recovery of whale populations likely played roles in the trends among southern colonies until 2000, after which depletion of another trophic competitor, the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni, may explain the sharp increasing trend evident since then.

Evidence of parapox-, alphaherpes- and pestivirus infections in carcasses of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus from Finnmark, Norway

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morten Tryland

2005-03-01

alfaherpes- og pestivirus i blod(serologi og tilstedeværelse av parapoxvirus-DNA i vev (Polymerase kjedereaksjon, PCR; parapoxvirus B2L genet. Obduksjonen viste at 39 av de 48 dyrene (81% hadde dødd av avmagring. Parapoxvirus-spesifikt DNA ble funnet i prøver av lever, spyttkjertel (Gl. parotis og/eller lungelymfeknuter fra 6 av de 48 dyrene (12,5%. En DNA sekvens på 376 basepar fra PCR-oppformeringsproduktet fra en leverprøve hadde 98-99% likhet med orf-virus (Orf-11 og parapoxvirus isolert fra reinsdyr i Norge og Finland (1992 og 1994, 92-93% likhet med pseudocowpoxvirus og 87% likhet med bovint papulær stomatittvirus, hvorav de to siste parapoxvirusartene er assosiert med storfé. Disse resultatene viser at også reinsdyr i Finnmark er infisert av parapoxvirus, til tross for at sykdommen munnskurv ikke ennå er rapportert hos rein i dette fylket. Alfaherpes- og pestivirus antistoffer ble funnet hos henholdsvis 10% og 33% av dyrene. Dette er i samsvar med tidligere funn på slaktedyr, og viser at disse virusinfeksjonene er endemiske hos rein i Finnmark. Det er viktig å avklare hvilken rolle disse virusinfeksjonene spiller for reinsdyrenes helse og næringens økonomi. Videre bør det avklares i hvilken grad disse virustypene er i stand til å smitte mellom rein og husdyr.