[Meta-analysis of association between organophosphorus pesticides and aplastic anemia].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Ji; Yang, Tubao

2015-09-01

To evaluate the association between organophosphorus pesticides and aplastic anemia, and provide scientific evidence for the primary prevention of aplastic anemia. The published papers of case control studies on the association between organophosphorus pesticides and aplastic anemia from January 1990 to August 2014 were collected from Chinese BioMedical Literature Base (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed and EMBASE. The papers which met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of organophosphorus pesticides were calculated with software Review Manager 5.0. Subgroup analysis were conducted for different population and different usage of organophosphorus pesticides. A total of 9 papers were selected, involving 5 833 subjects (1 404 cases and 4 429 controls). The results showed that organophosphorus pesticides could increase the risk of aplastic anemia (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.60-2.44) . Subgroup analysis showed that Asian (OR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.52-2.66) had higher risk of aplastic anemia than American or European (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.39-2.67) . Using pure organophosphorus pesticides (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.60-2.88) was more prone to cause aplastic anemia than using the mixture of organophosphorus pesticides (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.34-2.47). The analysis indicated that organophosphorus pesticides might be a risk factor for aplastic anemia. Reducing organophosphorus pesticides exposure in daily life and industrial or agricultural production could prevent the incidence of aplastic anemia.

Organophosphorus poisoning (acute).

Science.gov (United States)

Blain, Peter G

2011-05-17

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by organophosphorus pesticides or organophosphate nerve agents can cause acute parasympathetic system dysfunction, muscle weakness, seizures, coma, and respiratory failure. Prognosis depends on the dose and relative toxicity of the specific compound, as well as pharmacokinetic factors. We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for acute organophosphorus poisoning? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). We found 62 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: activated charcoal (single or multiple doses), alpha(2) adrenergic receptor agonists, atropine, benzodiazepines, butyrylcholinesterase replacement therapy, cathartics, extracorporeal clearance, gastric lavage, glycopyrronium bromide (glycopyrrolate), ipecacuanha (ipecac), magnesium sulphate, milk or other home remedy immediately after ingestion, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, organophosphorus hydrolases, oximes, removing contaminated clothes and washing the poisoned person, and sodium bicarbonate.

Thermochemical studies on two alkyl-bulky substituted xanthene derivatives: 9,9-dimethylxanthene and 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freitas, Vera L.S.; Gomes, José R.B.; Ribeiro da Silva, Maria D.M.C.

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Energetic characterization of two alkyl-bulky substituted xanthene derivatives. • Massic energies of combustion of xanthene derivatives. • Enthalpies of sublimation determined by vacuum drop microcalorimetry technique. • Temperature-vapour pressure dependence by mass-loss Knudsen effusion method. • Gas-phase enthalpies of formation of alkyl xanthene derivatives. - Abstract: Thermodynamic properties of 9,9-dimethylxanthene and 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene for the condensed and gas states were derived from experimental and computational studies. Static-bomb combustion calorimetry, vacuum drop microcalorimetry and the Knudsen effusion techniques were used. Computational calculations of the enthalpies of hypothetical reactions in the gaseous phase, using the G3(MP2)//B3LYP composite method, were performed for the two xanthene derivatives. Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations were also performed to ascertain the structure and reactivity of these compounds. The energetic effects caused by replacing hydrogen atoms in the xanthene moiety by methyl and tert-butyl groups yielding 9,9-dimethylxanthene and 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene species were determined from direct comparison of their standard (p o = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous phase, at T = 298.15 K.

Analysis of organophosphorus pesticides using FT-NMR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyata, Yoshihiko; Takahashi, Yoshikazu; Ando, Hiroaki

1988-01-01

A rapid and highly selective method of the identification of 23 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides was develop by using 31 P FT-NMR with 1 H complete decoupling method. Chemical shifts referenced by 85 % H 3 PO 4 were within -4 to 100 ppm, and there was no overlapping among the organophosphorus pesticides used in this experiment. (author)

Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning

OpenAIRE

Eddleston, Michael; Buckley, Nick A; Eyer, Peter; Dawson, Andrew H

2008-01-01

Summary Organophosphorus pesticide self-poisoning is an important clinical problem in rural regions of the developing world, and kills an estimated 200?000 people every year. Unintentional poisoning kills far fewer people but is a problem in places where highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides are available. Medical management is difficult, with case fatality generally more than 15%. We describe the limited evidence that can guide therapy and the factors that should be considered when design...

Levels and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in fishes from Manila Bay, the Philippines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Joon-Woo; Isobe, Tomohiko; Chang, Kwang-Hyeon; Amano, Atsuko; Maneja, Rommel H.; Zamora, Peter B.; Siringan, Fernando P.; Tanabe, Shinsuke

2011-01-01

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) and stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) were determined in 58 fishes belonging to 20 species collected from Manila Bay, the Philippines. OPCs were detected in most of the samples and found up to μg/g lw (lipid weight) level, suggesting their ubiquitous presence in the coastal marine environment of the Philippines. Higher levels (>1000 ng/g lw) of total OPCs were determined in yellowstriped goatfish, silver sillago, tripletail wrasse and bumpnose trevally indicates either their active uptake from ambient water or lower metabolic capacity of these species. Levels of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in demersal species showed a positive correlation with δ 15 N, indicating that TPhP was adsorbed onto the particle, settled down to the bottom sediment and accumulated through the benthic food web rather than the pelagic. Estimated dietary intake of OPCs in Manila Bay fishes were four to five orders of magnitude lower than the proposed reference dose (RfD). - Highlights: → Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) were determined in fish from Manila Bay. → OPCs were detected up to μg/g lw, suggesting ubiquitous environmental contamination. → Among the 9 targeted OPCs, TEHP and TEP were found as the predominant compounds. → Estimated dietary intake through fish consumption was 4-5 orders of magnitude lower than RfD. → This is the first report on OPCs pollution in marine environment of Southeast Asia. - Occurrence and bioaccumulation of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) were determined in fishes from Manila Bay.

Chlorination of organophosphorus pesticides in natural waters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Acero, Juan L. [Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Energetica, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz (Spain)], E-mail: jlacero@unex.es; Benitez, F. Javier; Real, Francisco J.; Gonzalez, Manuel [Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Energetica, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz (Spain)

2008-05-01

Unknown second-order rate constants for the reactions of three organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinfos and diazinon) with chlorine were determined in the present study, and the influence of pH and temperature was established. It was found that an increase in the pH provides a negative effect on the pesticides degradation rates. Apparent second-order rate constants at 20 {sup o}C and pH 7 were determined to be 110.9, 0.004 and 191.6 M{sup -1} s{sup -1} for chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinfos and diazinon, respectively. A higher reactivity of chlorine with the phosphorothioate group (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) than with the phosphate moiety (chlorfenvinfos) could explain these results. Intrinsic rate constant for the elementary reactions of chlorine species with chlorpyrifos and diazinon were also calculated, leading to the conclusion that the reaction between hypochlorous acid and the pesticide is predominant at neutral pH. The elimination of these pesticides in surface waters was also investigated. A chlorine dose of 2.5 mg L{sup -1} was enough to oxidize chlorpyrifos and diazinon almost completely, with a formation of trihalomethanes below the EU standard for drinking water. However, the removal of chlorfenvinfos was not appreciable. Therefore, chlorination is a feasible option for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides with phosphorothioate group during oxidation and disinfection processes, but not for the elimination of pesticides with phosphate moiety.

Chlorination of organophosphorus pesticides in natural waters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acero, Juan L.; Benitez, F. Javier; Real, Francisco J.; Gonzalez, Manuel

2008-01-01

Unknown second-order rate constants for the reactions of three organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinfos and diazinon) with chlorine were determined in the present study, and the influence of pH and temperature was established. It was found that an increase in the pH provides a negative effect on the pesticides degradation rates. Apparent second-order rate constants at 20 o C and pH 7 were determined to be 110.9, 0.004 and 191.6 M -1 s -1 for chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinfos and diazinon, respectively. A higher reactivity of chlorine with the phosphorothioate group (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) than with the phosphate moiety (chlorfenvinfos) could explain these results. Intrinsic rate constant for the elementary reactions of chlorine species with chlorpyrifos and diazinon were also calculated, leading to the conclusion that the reaction between hypochlorous acid and the pesticide is predominant at neutral pH. The elimination of these pesticides in surface waters was also investigated. A chlorine dose of 2.5 mg L -1 was enough to oxidize chlorpyrifos and diazinon almost completely, with a formation of trihalomethanes below the EU standard for drinking water. However, the removal of chlorfenvinfos was not appreciable. Therefore, chlorination is a feasible option for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides with phosphorothioate group during oxidation and disinfection processes, but not for the elimination of pesticides with phosphate moiety

Different effects of the two types of spatial pre-cueing: what precisely is "attention" in Di Lollo's and Enns' substitution masking theory?

Science.gov (United States)

Luiga, I; Bachmann, T

2007-11-01

Enns and Di Lollo [Psychological Science, 8 (2), 135-139, 1997] have introduced the object substitution theory of visual masking. Object substitution masking occurs when focusing attention on the target is delayed. However, Posner (Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25, 1980) has already shown that attention can be directed to a target at least in two ways: intentionally (endogenously) and automatically (exogenously). We conducted two experiments to explore the effects of endogenous and exogenous cues on substitution masking. The results showed that when attention was shifted to the target location automatically (using a local peripheral pre-cue), masking was attenuated. A decrease in target identification dependent on a delay of mask offset, typical to substitution masking, was not observed. However, strong substitution masking occurred when the target location was not pre-cued or when attention was directed to the target location intentionally (using a symbolic pre-cue displayed centrally). The hypothesis of two different mechanisms of attentional control in substitution masking was confirmed.

DUE NUOVE SPECIE SINTOPICHE DI TYPHLOREICHEIA DELLA SARDEGNA SUD-ORIENTALE (Coleoptera, Carabidae

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Paolo Magrini

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Vengono descritte e illustrate due nuove specie sintopiche di Typhloreicheia della Sardegna sud-orientale: la prima, T. carlonnisi n. sp., campionata alla base del pozzo d’ingresso della Grotta Su Pittiolu de Gospuru (Armungia, Cagliari, la seconda, T. paladinii n. sp., campionata sotto i massi che circondano l’ingresso della medesima cavità e sul Monte Lora presso San Vito (Muravera. La prima risulta affine per molti caratteri alle specie del “gruppo angelae” (sensu Magrini 2003a, e si distingue dalle altre Typhloreicheia note di Sardegna per la combinazione dei seguenti caratteri: piccole dimensioni, tempie appiattite e poco sporgenti, elitre con setole discali presenti nelle interstrie 2-3-5-7 e margini laterali con denticoli presenti fino all’apice; edeago breve, con apice del lobo mediano sottile e incurvato ventralmente in visione laterale, asimmetrico in visione ventrale. Lamella copulatrice costituita da una lamina allungata con apice arrotondato, con la porzione dorsale nettamente sclerificata in forma di artiglio. La seconda, appartenente al “gruppo occulta” (sensu Magrini & Bulirsch 2002, si differenzia dall’affine Typhloreicheia viti Magrini & Bulirsch, 2002 per le elitre più allungate e meno convesse, per l’edeago più robusto, con lobo mediano meno appuntito e appena incurvato a sinistra in visione ventrale e apice più corto e largo in visione laterale, e per la lamella copulatrice con apice più arrotondato; le differenze nettamente maggiori nei confronti delle altre specie del gruppo sono evidenziate nella chiave dicotomica allegata. La spettacolare radiazione adattativa del genere Typhloreicheia in Sardegna, recentemente proposta e discussa da uno degli autori del presente contributo (A.C., e le ipotesi concernenti l’origine di questa linea di Reicheiina nell’isola, sono richiamate ed evidenziate alla luce dei nuovi dati.

Electrophysiologic changes following treatment with organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy-producing agents in the adult hen.

Science.gov (United States)

Robertson, D G; Schwab, B W; Sills, R D; Richardson, R J; Anderson, R J

1987-03-15

Although clinical, pathological, and biochemical effects of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) have been intensively investigated in the adult hen, detailed electrophysiological studies are lacking. Adult white leghorn hens were treated with a single oral dose of either 30 mg/kg tri-2-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), 750 mg/kg TOCP, 4 mg/kg di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DBCV), or 30 mg/kg di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphinate (DBCV-P). The 750 mg/kg TOCP and DBCV, but not the 30 mg/kg TOCP and DBCV-P, treatments resulted in clinical signs of OPIDN and mild to marked damage of the tibial nerve 21 days after dose. Twenty-four hr lymphocyte neurotoxic esterase (NTE) inhibition was used as an index of brain NTE inhibition for the various organophosphorus compound (OP) treatment. Twenty-four hr lymphocyte NTE inhibition for 30 mg/kg TOCP, 750 mg/kg TOCP, DBCV, and DBCV-P was 54.1, 87.1, 84.8, and 68.3%, respectively. Twenty-one days after dose, the TOCP-treated hens exhibited some abnormalities in conduction velocity and action potential duration in the tibial or sciatic nerves. No abnormalities were observed in action potential parameters of either the DBCV or DBCV-P treatments. Neurotoxic OP (TOCP and DBCV) treatment resulted in decreased refractoriness in the tibial nerve, increased refractoriness in the sciatic nerve, and elevated strength duration threshold for both nerves. These changes were not present in nerves from DBCV-P (a non-neurotoxic NTE inhibitor)-treated hens. These results suggest that refractory period and strength duration abnormalities in peripheral nerve correlate well with the production of OPIDN and are evident without coincident clinical signs or histopathology.

Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Eddleston, Michael; Buckley, Nick A; Eyer, Peter; Dawson, Andrew H

2008-02-16

Organophosphorus pesticide self-poisoning is an important clinical problem in rural regions of the developing world, and kills an estimated 200,000 people every year. Unintentional poisoning kills far fewer people but is a problem in places where highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides are available. Medical management is difficult, with case fatality generally more than 15%. We describe the limited evidence that can guide therapy and the factors that should be considered when designing further clinical studies. 50 years after first use, we still do not know how the core treatments--atropine, oximes, and diazepam--should best be given. Important constraints in the collection of useful data have included the late recognition of great variability in activity and action of the individual pesticides, and the care needed cholinesterase assays for results to be comparable between studies. However, consensus suggests that early resuscitation with atropine, oxygen, respiratory support, and fluids is needed to improve oxygen delivery to tissues. The role of oximes is not completely clear; they might benefit only patients poisoned by specific pesticides or patients with moderate poisoning. Small studies suggest benefit from new treatments such as magnesium sulphate, but much larger trials are needed. Gastric lavage could have a role but should only be undertaken once the patient is stable. Randomised controlled trials are underway in rural Asia to assess the effectiveness of these therapies. However, some organophosphorus pesticides might prove very difficult to treat with current therapies, such that bans on particular pesticides could be the only method to substantially reduce the case fatality after poisoning. Improved medical management of organophosphorus poisoning should result in a reduction in worldwide deaths from suicide.

QSAR for cholinesterase inhibition by organophosphorus esters and CNDO/2 calculations for organophosphorus ester hydrolysis

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, H.; Kenley, R. A.; Rynard, C.; Golub, M. A.

1985-01-01

Quantitative structure-activity relationships were derived for acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by various organophosphorus esters. Bimolecular inhibition rate constants correlate well with hydrophobic substituent constants, and with the presence or absence of catonic groups on the inhibitor, but not with steric substituent constants. CNDO/2 calculations were performed on a separate set of organophosphorus esters, RR'P(O)X, where R and R' are alkyl and/or alkoxy groups and X is fluorine, chlorine or a phenoxy group. For each subset with the same X, the CNDO-derived net atomic charge at the central phosphorus atom in the ester correlates well with the alkaline hydrolysis rate constant. For the whole set of esters with different X, two equations were derived that relate either charge and leaving group steric bulk, or orbital energy and bond order to the hydrogen hydrolysis rate constant.

Levels of organophosphorus pesticides in medicinal plants commonly consumed in Iran

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Sarkhail Parisa

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract The frequent occurrence of pesticide residues in herbal materials was indicated by previous studies. In this study, the concentration of some of the organophosphorus pesticides including parathion, malathion, diazinon and pirimiphos methyl in different kinds of medicinal plants were determined. The samples were collected randomly from ten local markets of different areas of Iran. At the detection limit of 0.5 ng g-1, parathion and pirimiphos methyl were not detected in any of the samples. Some amounts of malathion and diazinon were found in Zataria, Matricaria chamomile, Spearmint and Cumin Seed samples while, the concentrations of target organophosphorus pesticides in Borage samples were below the detection limits of the methods which could be a result of intensive transformation of organophosphorus pesticides by Borage. In addition the organophosphorus pesticides were detected in all of the samples below the maximum residue levels (MRLs proposed by the international organizations.

Basicity comparison for di-substituted 4-nitropyridine derivatives in polar non-aqueous media

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gurzynski, Lukasz; Puszko, Aniela; Chmurzynski, Lech

2007-01-01

Acid dissociation, as well as cationic homoconjugation equilibria have been studied potentiometrically in systems involving four di-substituted 4-nitropyridines and conjugate cationic acids in the polar non-aqueous solvents - aprotic protophobic acetonitrile (AN) and propylene carbonate (PC), the amphiprotic methanol (MeOH), and in the aprotic protophilic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The influence of solvent effect on the obtained acidity constants has been discussed. The acidity constants (expressed as pK a values) were compared with those previously determined in another polar protophobic aprotic solvent - acetone (AC), and obtained for the unsubstituted pyridine (Py). A comparison of the acid dissociation constants determined in all media studied has proved that the strength of the cationic acids increases on going from acetonitrile through propylene carbonate, acetone, and methanol to dimethyl sulfoxide. Furthermore, the values of acidity constants in the non-aqueous media have shown that in all the solvents studied they change according to the substituent effects. It has been also found that substituted 4-nitropyridine derivatives studied exhibit no tendency towards cationic homoconjugation in acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, and methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the acid dissociation constants determined by potentiometric titration method in all the solutions investigated correlate well with the calculated energy parameters of the protonation reactions in the gaseous phase

Basicity comparison for di-substituted 4-nitropyridine derivatives in polar non-aqueous media

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gurzynski, Lukasz [Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk (Poland); Puszko, Aniela [Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Economics, Wroclaw (Poland); Chmurzynski, Lech [Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk (Poland)], E-mail: lech@chemik.chem.univ.gda.pl

2007-12-15

Acid dissociation, as well as cationic homoconjugation equilibria have been studied potentiometrically in systems involving four di-substituted 4-nitropyridines and conjugate cationic acids in the polar non-aqueous solvents - aprotic protophobic acetonitrile (AN) and propylene carbonate (PC), the amphiprotic methanol (MeOH), and in the aprotic protophilic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The influence of solvent effect on the obtained acidity constants has been discussed. The acidity constants (expressed as pK{sub a} values) were compared with those previously determined in another polar protophobic aprotic solvent - acetone (AC), and obtained for the unsubstituted pyridine (Py). A comparison of the acid dissociation constants determined in all media studied has proved that the strength of the cationic acids increases on going from acetonitrile through propylene carbonate, acetone, and methanol to dimethyl sulfoxide. Furthermore, the values of acidity constants in the non-aqueous media have shown that in all the solvents studied they change according to the substituent effects. It has been also found that substituted 4-nitropyridine derivatives studied exhibit no tendency towards cationic homoconjugation in acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, and methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the acid dissociation constants determined by potentiometric titration method in all the solutions investigated correlate well with the calculated energy parameters of the protonation reactions in the gaseous phase.

Synthesis, characterization, and subcellular localization studies of amino acid-substituted porphyrinic pigments

Science.gov (United States)

van Diggelen, Lisa; Khin, Hnin; Conner, Kip; Shao, Jenny; Sweezy, Margaretta; Jung, Anna H.; Isaac, Meden; Simonis, Ursula

2009-06-01

Stopping cancer in its path occurs when photosensitizers (PSs) induce apoptotic cell death after their exposure to light and the subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species. In pursuit of our hypothesis that mitochondrial localizing PSs will enhance the efficacy of the photosensitizing process in photodynamic therapy, since they provoke cell death by inducing apoptosis, we synthesized and characterized tetraphenylporphyrins (TPPs) that are substituted at the paraphenyl positions by two amino acids and two fluoro or hydroxyl groups, respectively. They were prepared according to the Lindsey-modified Adler-Longo methodology using trifluoromethanesulfonylchloride (CF3SO2Cl) as a catalyst instead of trifluoroacetic acid. The use of CF3SO2Cl yielded cleaner products in significantly higher yields. During the synthesis, not only the yields and work-up procedure of the TPPs were improved by using CF3SO2Cl as a catalyst, but also a better means of synthesizing the precursor dipyrromethanes was tested by using indium(III) chloride. Column chromatography, HPLC, and NMR spectroscopy were used to separate and characterize the di-amino acid-dihydroxy, or difluoro-substituted porphyrins and to ascertain their purity before subcellular localization studies were carried out. Studies using androgen-sensitive human prostate adenocarcinoma cells LNCaP revealed that certain amino acid substituted porphyrins that are positively charged in the slightly acidic medium of cancer cells are very useful in shedding light on the targets of TPPs in subcellular organelles of cancer cells. Although some of these compounds have properties of promising photosensitizers by revealing increased water solubility, acidic properties, and innate ability to provoke cell death by apoptosis, the cell killing efficacy of these TPPs is low. This correlates with their subcellular localization. The di-amino acid, di-hydroxy substituted TPPs localize mainly to the lysosomes, whereas the di-fluoro-substituted

Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in the atmosphere of the North Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moeller, Axel; Xie Zhiyong; Caba, Armando; Sturm, Renate; Ebinghaus, Ralf

2011-01-01

Air samples collected in the German part of the North Sea from March to July 2010 were investigated for organophosphorus compounds (OPs) being applied as flame retardants and plasticizers. The Σ 8 OPs concentration ranged from 110 to 1400 pg m -3 while tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) dominated all samples with individual concentrations up to 1200 pg m -3 . The highest concentrations were observed in continental air masses showing the high influence of industrialized regions including production sites on atmospheric emissions and concentrations. The occurrence of OPs even in oceanic/Arctic air masses shows that OPs can undergo long-range atmospheric transport. Dry particle-bound deposition fluxes from 9 to 240 ng m -2 d -1 for Σ 8 OPs were estimated leading to a minimum annual flux of 710 ± 580 kg y -1 OPs into the German North Sea. This study presents the first occurrence of OPs in the marine atmosphere together with important information on their long-range transport potential. - Highlights: → Organophosphorus flame retardants are detected for the first time in the marine atmosphere. → Organophosphorus compounds can undergo medium to long-range atmospheric transport. → Western Europe emits organophosphorus compounds to the marine atmosphere. → Marine air levels of organophosphorus flame retardants range up to 1 ng/m 3 . - Organophosphorus flame retardants, in particular tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, are emitted into the North Sea atmosphere by Western European countries.

Organophosphorus pentavalent compounds: history, synthetic methods of preparation and application as insecticides and antitumor agents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Viviane Martins Rebello dos; Donnici, Claudio Luis; DaCosta, Joao Batista Neves; Caixeiro, Janaina Marques Rodrigues

2007-01-01

This paper is a review of the history, synthesis and application of organophosphorus compounds, especially of those of pentavalent phosphorus, such as phosphoramidates, phosphorothioates, phosphonates and phosphonic acids with insecticide and anticancer activities. The organophosphorus compounds with agrochemical applications show great structural variety, They include not only insecticides, but also fungicides, herbicides, and others. The large variety of commercially available organophosphorus pesticides is remarkable. Even more interesting is the high efficiency of some organophosphorus compounds as anticancer agents such as cyclophosphamide and its derivatives. (author)

The Beetle (Coleoptera and True bug (Heteroptera species pool of the alpine “Pian di Gembro” wetland (Villa di Tirano, Italy and its conservation

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Matteo Montagna

2011-04-01

Full Text Available he C oleoptera and Heteroptera species pool was investigated in the “Pian di Gembro” wetland (Villa di T irano, Sondrio, Italy. T he wetland consists of a bog and its surroundings, referred to as wetland components, that are both subjected to a diversified intermediate management regime (DIMR. T he application of the DIMR for plant species conservation resulted in the establishment of 11 wetland zones with a characteristic vegetation. In a three year sampling program, 997 C oleoptera and Heteroptera representing 141 species from 14 families were collected. Among these species, 64 species share both wetland components, 11 are restricted to the bog and 63 were found in the surroundings only. Among the species pool there were 23 tyrphophile taxa and only one tyrphobiont. With the exception of one zone, all zones are inhabited by zone-specific species. By taking into account both the general species pool and the pool of species of particular interest to conservationists, only one zone can be considered as redundant since it is inhabited by species that occur also in other zones. Hence, all the zones, with one exception, are effective for species pool conservation. The existing DIMR implemented for plant species conservation is also effective for conserving the species pool of C oleoptera and Heteroptera.

Method for purifying bidentate organophosphorus compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulz, W.W.

1977-01-01

Bidentate organophosphorus compounds useful for extracting actinide elements from acidic nuclear waste solutions are purified of undesirable acidic impurities by contacting the compounds with ethylene glycol which preferentially extracts the impurities found in technical grade bidentate compounds

Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning : cases and developments

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aardema, H.; Ligtenberg, J. J. M.; Peters-Polman, O. M.; Tulleken, J. E.; Zijlstra, J. G.; Meertens, John H. J. M.

Self-poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is a major health problem world-wide. Through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, organophosphorus poisoning is characterised by the clinical picture of acute cholinergic crisis. Other manifestations are the intermediate neurotoxic syndrome and

Acute myocardial infarction: Can it be a complication of acute organophosphorus compound poisoning?

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P Joshi

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Organophosphorus compounds are used as pesticides and represent a common cause of poisoning in developing countries including India due to their widespread availability and use. Toxicity due to these agents can affect many organs including heart. Here, we report a case of acute organophosphorus poisoning (parathion, followed by acute myocardial infarction; documented by clinical features, electrocardiographic changes, and elevated cardiac enzymes. Myocardial infarction has been rarely reported with organophosphorus compounds exposure, thus awareness of this complication can reduce morbidity and mortality.

DUE NUOVE SPECIE DI OTIORHYNCHUS (LIXORRHYNCHUS REITTER, 1914 E UNA NUOVA SPECIE DI RAYMONDIONYMUS WOLLASTON, 1873 DEI MONTI AURUNCI (LAZIO (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONOIDEA

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Paolo Magrini

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Nella presente nota vengono descritti tre nuovi Curculionoidea ipogei dei Monti Aurunci (Lazio: Otiorhynchus (Lixorrhynchus avoni n. sp.; Otiorhynchus (Lixorrhyn­chus paulae n. sp. e Raymondionymus pulcherrimus n. sp. Nel testo vengono riportate immagini fotografiche dei principali caratteri esoscheletrici (sia interni che esterni che contraddistinguono le nuove specie, nell’ambito dei gruppi di appartenenza. Una cartina geografica riassume lo stato dell’attuale distribuzione dei Lixorrhynchus anoftalmi o microftalmi in Italia penisulare e nell’area Sardo-Corsa. Le prime due specie presentano indubbie affinità con Otiorhynchus (Lixorrhynchus bastianinii Magrini, Meoli & Abbazzi, 2005, recentemente descritto dei Monti Aurunci centrali [Grava dei Serini (= Grotta dei Serini 587 La/FR], mentre la terza specie costituisce, insieme a R. meggiolaroi (Osella, 1977 (Liguria, R. eximius Meregalli & Osella, 2006 (Lazio, Monti Simbruini e R. zoiai (Osella & Giusto, 1985 (Piemonte, Massiccio del Monviso, un gruppo immediatamente riconoscibile rispetto ai taxa congeneri, per la particolare conformazione del pronoto.

Actinide immobilization in the subsurface environment by in-situ treatment with a hydrolytically unstable organophosphorus complexant: Uranyl uptake by calcium phytate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nash, K.L.; Jensen, M.P.; Schmidt, M.A.

1997-01-01

In addition to naturally occurring uranium and thorium, actinide ions exist in the subsurface environment as a result of accidental releases and intentional disposal practices associated with nuclear weapons production. These species present a significant challenge to cost-effective remediation of contaminated environments. An attractive approach to decreasing the probability of actinide migration in the subsurface is to transform the ions into a less mobile form by remote treatment. We have under development a process which relies on a polyfunctional organophosphorus complexant to sequester the mobile metal ions by complexation/cation exchange in the near term, and to subsequently decompose, transforming the actinides into insoluble phosphate mineral forms in the long term. Studies to date include identification of a suitable organophosphorus reagent, profiling of its decomposition kinetics, verification of the formation of phosphate mineral phases upon decomposition of the reagent, and extensive comparison of the actinide uptake ability of the calcium salt of the reagent as compared with hydroxyapatite. In this report, we briefly describe the process with focus on the cation exchange behavior of the calcium salt of the organophosphorus sequestrant

Differences between organophosphorus insecticides in human self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study.

Science.gov (United States)

Eddleston, Michael; Eyer, Peter; Worek, Franz; Mohamed, Fahim; Senarathna, Lalith; von Meyer, Ludwig; Juszczak, Edmund; Hittarage, Ariyasena; Azhar, Shifa; Dissanayake, Wasantha; Sheriff, M H Rezvi; Szinicz, Ladislaus; Dawson, Andrew H; Buckley, Nick A

Although more than 100 organophosphorus insecticides exist, organophosphorus poisoning is usually regarded as a single entity, distinguished only by the compound's lethal dose in animals. We aimed to determine whether the three most common organophosphorus insecticides used for self-poisoning in Sri Lanka differ in the clinical features and severity of poisoning they cause. We prospectively studied 802 patients with chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, or fenthion self-poisoning admitted to three hospitals. Blood cholinesterase activity and insecticide concentration were measured to determine the compound and the patients' response to insecticide and therapy. We recorded clinical outcomes for each patient. Compared with chlorpyrifos (35 of 439, 8.0%), the proportion dying was significantly higher with dimethoate (61 of 264, 23.1%, odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% CI 2.2-5.4) or fenthion (16 of 99, 16.2%, OR 2.2, 1.2-4.2), as was the proportion requiring endotracheal intubation (66 of 439 for chlorpyrifos, 15.0%; 93 of 264 for dimethoate, 35.2%, OR 3.1, 2.1-4.4; 31 of 99 for fenthion, 31.3%, 2.6, 1.6-4.2). Dimethoate-poisoned patients died sooner than those ingesting other pesticides and often from hypotensive shock. Fenthion poisoning initially caused few symptoms but many patients subsequently required intubation. Acetylcholinesterase inhibited by fenthion or dimethoate responded poorly to pralidoxime treatment compared with chlorpyrifos-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Organophosphorus insecticide poisoning is not a single entity, with substantial variability in clinical course, response to oximes, and outcome. Animal toxicity does not predict human toxicity since, although chlorpyrifos is generally the most toxic in rats, it is least toxic in people. Each organophosphorus insecticide should be considered as an individual poison and, consequently, patients might benefit from management protocols developed for particular organophosphorus insecticides.

Confirmed organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisonings in South African wildlife (2009–2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christo J. Botha

2015-12-01

Full Text Available During a six-year period (from January 2009 to December 2014, specimens collected from 344 cases of suspected organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisonings in wildlife, including birds, were submitted to the Toxicology Laboratory (ARC-OVI for analysis. A positive diagnosis was made in 135 (39% of these cases. The majority of cases were from birds, which included Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres and African white-backed vultures (Gyps africanus and bateleur eagles (Terathopius ecaudatus. In one incident 49 vultures were killed when a farmer intentionally laced carcasses with carbofuran in an attempt to control jackal predation. There were 22 incidents of poisoning in helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris. On nine different occasions blue cranes (Anthropoides paradiseus were poisoned, in one incident 14 birds were reported to have been killed. Over the period of investigation, there were 20 cases of poisoning involving mammalian species, the majority being vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus. The carbamate pesticides were responsible for 57 incidents of poisoning. Aldicarb, carbofuran and methomyl were detected in 26, 18 and 12 cases respectively. The majority of organophosphorus pesticide poisonings were caused by diazinon (n = 19, monocrotophos (n = 13 and methamidophos (n = 10.

Valutazione della sostenibilità ambientale tramite metodologia LCA di sistemi per lo sfruttamento di fonti alternative di energia e materiali

OpenAIRE

Chiavetta, Cristian

2013-01-01

La dissertazione ha riguardato l’analisi di sostenibilità di un sistema agronomico per la produzione di olio vegetale a fini energetici in terreni resi marginali dall’infestazione di nematodi. Il processo indagato ha previsto il sovescio di una coltura con proprietà biofumiganti (brassicacea) coltivata in precessione alla specie oleosa (soia e tabacco) al fine di contrastare il proliferare dell’infestazione nel terreno. Tale sistema agronomico è stato confrontato attraverso una analisi di cic...

Study of Serum Amylase and Serum Cholinesterase in Organophosphorus Poisoning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sharan Badiger

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Background: Poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds is most commonly seen. Earlier plasma cholinesterase level was used to assess the severity of poisoning. Presently serum amylase is being recommended as a better indicator of severity. Aims and Objectives: To study plasma cholinesterase and serum amylase levels in acute organophosphorus and to correlate serum amylase levels with clinical severity and outcome. Material and Methods: A total of 80 patients in the study admitted to a tertiary care centre within 24 hours with a history of organophosphorus poisoning were included in study. Estimation of plasma cholinesterase and serum rd amylase was done at the time of admission, and on 3 th day and on 5 day. Results: Occurrence of organophosphorus poisoning was more common among age group 21-30 years and among males (57.5%. They were 25 (31.2% farmers, 23 (28.8% st u d e n ts, a n d 2 2 ( 2 7 . 5% h o u s ewi v e s. Monocrotophos (45.0% was commonly used compound. Mean value of plasma cholinesterase and serum amylase at admission are 3693 U/L, and 185.4 U/L. There was significant inhibition of plasma cholinesterase and elevation of serum amylase at th admission with return to normal values on 5 day. Conclusion: Plasma cholinesterase inhibition 200 U/L has been associated with poor prognosis and proneness to respiratory failure.

Synthesis of novel 4,6-di(substituted)amino-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives as topical antiseptic agents.

Science.gov (United States)

Maeda, Shirou; Kita, Toshiko; Meguro, Kanji

2009-02-12

A series of novel 4,6-di(substituted)amino-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives designed to have ClogP of 5.1-7.5 was synthesized and evaluated for their antiseptic properties by MIC and MBC tests against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including MRSA, VRE, and P. aeruginosa. Among these compounds, 4-alkyl-6-aralkyl derivatives having ClogP of 6.6-7.1 and 4-alkyl-6-aryl or 4,6-dialkyl derivatives with ClogP of 6.0-6.4 showed pronounced antibacterial activities in both tests.

Time course of electrophysiologic effects induced by di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DBCV) in the adult hen.

Science.gov (United States)

Robertson, D G; Mattson, A M; Bestervelt, L L; Richardson, R J; Anderson, R J

1988-01-01

Previous work in our laboratory indicated that di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DBCV) produced electrophysiologic changes in hen peripheral nerve that coincided with the development of histopathologic changes and neurologic signs of peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of the present study was to follow the time course for the development of the electrophysiologic changes and to determine whether pretreatment with the phosphinate analog of DBCV (DBCV-P), a nonageable organophosphorus compound, prevented these effects. Although significant electrophysiologic deficits occurred in the tibial and sciatic nerve 24 h after DBCV treatment, the most marked changes coincided with the onset of clinical signs of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (14-21 d). The sciatic and tibial nerves were equally susceptible to DBCV in producing deficits characterized by changes in the relative refractory period and an increased strength-duration threshold. Pretreatment with DBCV-P prevented the clinical signs and also attenuated the electrophysiologic deficits induced by DBCV treatment. These data suggest that electrophysiologic deficits occur before clinical signs of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and may be indicative of a link between neurotoxic esterase (NTE) inhibition and onset of overt clinical toxicity.

Efficacious Oxime for Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Minireview ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Oximes are well known as acetylcholinesterase reactivators and are used in organophosphorus poisoning to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Therapeutically available oximes, namely, pralidoxime (2-PAM), obidoxime, trimedoxime and Hagedorn oxime (HI-6), have no broad-spectrum activity against structurally ...

EPR-study of reversible oxygenation process of coordination compounds of cobalt(II) with S-substituted N1,N4-di(salicylidene)-isothiosemicarbazides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gerbeleu, N.V.; Revenko, M.D.; Rusu, V.G.; Shames, A.T.

1987-01-01

The reaction between molecular oxygen and coordination compounds of cobalt(II) with S-substituted N 1 ,N 4 -di(salicylidene)isothiosemicarbazides in dimethyl sulfoxide solution was studied by the EPR method. It was found that paramagnetic monomeric adducts and diamagnetic μ-peroxo-dimers are formed. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the EPR spectra of the initial cobalt complexes, as well as of the paramagnetic adducts were determined. The nature of the Co-O 2 bond is discussed

Structure–efficiency relationships of cyclodextrin scavengers in the hydrolytic degradation of organophosphorus compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sophie Letort

2017-03-01

Full Text Available New derivatives of cyclodextrins were prepared in order to determine the relative importance of the structural key elements involved in the degradation of organophosphorus nerve agents. To avoid a competitive inclusion between the organophosphorus substrate and the iodosobenzoate group, responsible for its degradation, the latter group had to be covalently bound to the cyclodextrin scaffold. Although the presence of the α nucleophile iodosobenzoate was a determinant in the hydrolysis process, an imidazole group was added to get a synergistic effect towards the degradation of the agents. The degradation efficiency was found to be dependent on the relative position of the heterocycle towards the reactive group as well as on the nature of the organophosphorus derivative.

Efficacious Oxime for Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Minireview

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Erah

Abstract. Oximes are well known as acetylcholinesterase reactivators and are used in ... activity against structurally different kinds of organophosphorus ... serious threat with regard to occupational .... choose an oxime for unknown OPC exposure. Secondly, there is a lack of .... oximes, and hence cannot pass the blood.

A retrospective analysis of acute organophosphorus poisoning ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

organophosphorus (OP) poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and ... In a pre-structured proforma, data regarding age, sex, time elapsed after intake, circumstances of poisoning, duration of hospitalization ... responsible for majority of self-attempted deaths ... cleansed with water at the time of admission.

Different approaches to acute organophosphorus poison treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Nurulain, Syed Muhammad

2012-07-01

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have a wide variety of applications and are a serious threat for self-poisoning, unintentional misuse, terrorist attack, occupational hazard and warfare attack. The present standard treatment has been reported to be unsatisfactory. Many novel approaches are being used and tested for acute organophosphorus (OP) poison treatment. The bioscavenger concept captured high attention among the scientific community during the last few decades. Other approaches like alkalinisation of blood plasma/serum and use of weak inhibitors against strong inhibitors, though it showed promising results, did not get such wide attention. The introduction of a novel broad-spectrum oxime has also been in focus. In this mini-review, an update of the overview of four different approaches has been discussed. The standard therapy that is atropine+oxime+benzodiazepine along with supportive measures will continue to be the best option with only the replacement of a single oxime to improve its broad-spectrum efficacy.

PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS BY POPULUS AND SALIX

OpenAIRE

Young Lee, Keum; Strand, Stuart E.; Doty, Sharon L.

2012-01-01

Chlorpyrifos is one of the commonly used organophosphorus insecticides that are implicated in serious environmental and human health problems. To evaluate plant potential for uptake of chlorpyrifos, several plant species of poplar (Populus sp.) and willow (Salix sp.) were investigated. Chlorpyrifos was taken up from nutrient solution by all seven plant species. Significant amounts of chlorpyrifos accumulated in plant tissues, and roots accumulated higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos than di...

Treatment Strategies for the NMDA Component of Organophosphorus Convulsions

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Peterson, Steven

2003-01-01

...) induced status epilepticus (SE) used here as a model of organophosphorus nerve agents. The nonbarbiturate anesthetic propofol was found to induce significant anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant effects in Li-pilo SE...

Radiolytic investigations of solutions of organophosphorus compounds in cyclohexane and benzene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Otrebski, W.

1981-01-01

Organphosphorus compounds are used in various branches of the chemical industry, but in many cases the reaction mechanisms are not well elucidated and less is known about the intermediates of organophosphines. In order to learn more about these rather complicated processes several organophosphorus compounds were used as model substrates in cyclohexane or benzene solution. The systems have been investigated applying the pulse radiolysis technique and steady-state irradiation methods. As representative solutes were chosen diphenylphosphinous chloride, diphenylmethylphosphine, and triphenylphosphine. By means of the pulse radiolysis it was possible to obtain spectroscopic and kinetic data for characterization of the various transients. The final radiolytic products have been analyzed following steady-state and multipulse radiolysis. Since some of the rate constants were not directly accessible by the applied kinetic method, they have been determined by simulation computation. Thereby the experimental data obtained by pulse radiolysis were used. Based on the kinetic, spectroscopic and computed data as well as on the identification of final products, it was possible to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the diphenylphosphinous chloride/cyclohexane system. As a main primary specie was identified the diphenylphoshorus radical. Its spectral and kinetic data have been determined. The reactions of diphenylmethylphosphine involve the same radical, but only to a lesser extent. The reactions of the primary radiolysis products with triphenylphosphine yield mainly adducts. The results represent a contribution in the field of reaction kinetics of organophosphorus compounds. (author)

Determination of selected organophosphorus pesticides using GC ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A reproducible analytical method utilising GC-MS is presented for the analysis of thirteen organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) often found in environmental aqueous samples. Extraction of filtered river and canal water (100 mL), fortified with the OPs, was conducted using solid-phase extraction and eluted with a variety of ...

Evaluation of di-amino phenol substituted EDTA for use in radiolabelling proteins with 64Cu

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmidt, P.F.; Smith, S.V.; DiBartolo, N.M.

1996-01-01

This study involves a high yielding synthesis of a novel di-amino-phenol substituted EDTA (DAHA-EDTA) ligand and its radiolabelling chemistry with 64 Cu produced at the National Medical Cyclotron (NMC). High activity levels (up to 59.2 GBq EOB) of 64 Cu is co-produced during the production of 67 Ga from enriched 68 Zn. Waste eluent from the NMC 67 Ga production was evaporated to dryness and found to contain by products such as 57 Ni, 57 Co, 64 Cu, 67 Cu and 55 Co. A new method involving low acid concentration aqueous/organic mixtures with an anion exchange (AG 1-X8, BioRad) have been used to isolate the carrier-free 64 Cu. The specific activity of the 64 Cu (5 x 10 14 Bq/g) was found to be higher than that produce by Australian radioisotopes (ARI). The synthesis of the ligand involves the refluxing of EDTA anhydride in the presence of 4-nitro-2-amino-phenol in acetonitrile to produce the di-nitro derivative (DNHA- EDTA) in > 95% yield. The DNHA-EDTA is then reduced in the presence of activated palladium charcoal with sodium borohydride under an inert atmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture was acidified and the catalyst removed to obtain the final product, DAHA-EDTA. Labelling of proteins (B72.3, DD-3B6/22 and streptavidin) has been achieved with the DAHA-EDTA ligand. The reaction mixture is left to incubate for 1 h at 37 deg C and radiolabelled protein is then isolated using size exclusion chromatography

Biochemical Markers for Exposure to Low Doses of Organophosphorus Insecticides

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Lockridge, Oksana

2003-01-01

Though acetylcholinesterase is the primary target of organophosphorus toxicants, our finding that acetylcholinesterase knockout mice are supersensitive to the lethal effects of VX, DFP, chlorpyrifos...

Biochemical Markers for Exposure to Low Doses of Organophosphorus Insecticides

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Lockridge, Oksana

2004-01-01

Though acetylcholinesterase is the primary target of organophosphorus toxicants, our finding that acetylcholinesterase knockout mice are supersensitive to the lethal effects of VX, DFP, chlorpyrifos...

Biochemical Markers for Exposure to Low Doses of Organophosphorus Insecticides

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Lockridge, Oksana

2002-01-01

Though acetyicholinesterase is the primary target of organophosphorus toxicants, our finding that acetyicholinesterase knockout mice are supersensitive to the lethal effects of VX, DFP, chlorpyrifos...

Acute organo-phosphorus pesticide poisoning in North Karnataka ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Pesticide poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Objectives: To assess the oxidative damage, hemoglobin level and leukocyte count in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Methods: Plasma cholinesterase was assessed as a toxicity marker. Oxidative damage was ...

Il concetto di Natura nella filosofia di Denis Diderot

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Francesco Consiglio

2014-03-01

Full Text Available L’immagine della Natura che emerge dalla lettura delle opere di Diderot, è quella di una sorta di organismo in cui tutto risulta legato da una rete di forze inquadrate in un ordine omogeneo e dinamico. Le leggi di quest’ordine sono riscontrabili in tutti gli eventi naturali ed ogni fenomeno non è mai frutto del caso, ma ordinato deterministicamente. Allo spinozismo di quest’ordine geometrico si coniuga un atomismo di matrice epicurea, speci camente nella versione lucreziana del De Rerum Natura: gli atomi che costituiscono la materia si combinano da sempre e all’in nito in un continuo divenire di forme normate da leggi intrinseche, e gli individui nascono dal cozzare e dall’ammassarsi di questi atomi. Non esiste uno stadio culmine di questa “evoluzione”, piuttosto esistono in nite varianti, nel tempo e nello spazio, di un unico modello prototipico che, secondo Diderot, evolve in una specie o in un'altra in maniera totalmente a- nalistica, sebbene assolutamente determinis- tica. La regolarità dell’ordine (per no nell’apparente caos di un turbine di pol- vere e il continuo farsi e rifarsi delle forme si connettono al principio di conti- nuità della natura: la natura non fa salti, tutto è connesso come in una ragnatela e la materia continua muta la sua disposizione in grumi di atomi che, secondo il principio dell’epigenesi, giungono a formare gli individui. Le opere in cui Diderot elabora in maniera più organica e precisa la sua concezione della natura sono particolarmente due: L’interpretazione della natura (1753 e Il sogno di d’Alembert (1769. In mezzo a queste stanno gli scritti sui Sa- lons, tra i quali è particolarmente saliente, per il discorso sulla natura, quello del 1767, in cui, con la Promenade Vernet, molti di questi temi vengono a rontati o ripresi nel pittoricismo della narrazione, attraverso limpide metafore. Natura e arte, in Diderot, sono strettamente connesse. La seconda imita la prima, ma non tenta

Modulation of Immune Response by Organophosphorus Pesticides: Fishes as a Potential Model in Immunotoxicology

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz-Resendiz, K. J. G.; Toledo-Ibarra, G. A.; Girón-Pérez, M. I.

2015-01-01

Immune response is modulated by different substances that are present in the environment. Nevertheless, some of these may cause an immunotoxic effect. In this paper, the effect of organophosphorus pesticides (frequent substances spilled in aquatic ecosystems) on the immune system of fishes and in immunotoxicology is reviewed. Furthermore, some cellular and molecular mechanisms that might be involved in immunoregulation mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticides are discussed. PMID:25973431

Substituent effects on an inverse electron demand hetero Diels-Alder reaction in aqueous solution and organic solvents : Cycloaddition of substituted styrenes to di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wijnen, Jan W.; Zavarise, Silvia; Engberts, Jan B.F.N.; Charton, Marvin

1996-01-01

The kinetics of the Diels-Alder reactions of di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1) with substituted styrenes 2 was investigated in aqueous media and in organic solvents. The second-order rate constants ofthis reaction increase dramatically in water-rich media. A decrease in pH accelerates the aqueous

31P-edited diffusion-ordered 1H NMR spectroscopy for the spectral isolation and identification of organophosphorus compounds related to chemical weapons agents and their degradation products.

Science.gov (United States)

Mayer, Brian P; Valdez, Carlos A; Hok, Saphon; Chinn, Sarah C; Hart, Bradley R

2012-12-04

Organophosphorus compounds represent a large class of molecules that include pesticides, flame-retardants, biologically relevant molecules, and chemical weapons agents (CWAs). The detection and identification of organophosphorus molecules, particularly in the cases of pesticides and CWAs, are paramount to the verification of international treaties by various organizations. To that end, novel analytical methodologies that can provide additional support to traditional analyses are important for unambiguous identification of these compounds. We have developed an NMR method that selectively edits for organophosphorus compounds via (31)P-(1)H heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) and provides an additional chromatographic-like separation based on self-diffusivities of the individual species via (1)H diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY): (1)H-(31)P HSQC-DOSY. The technique is first validated using the CWA VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate) by traditional two-dimensional DOSY spectra. We then extend this technique to a complex mixture of VX degradation products and identify all the main phosphorus-containing byproducts generated after exposure to a zinc-cyclen organometallic homogeneous catalyst.

Ecological study of a wetland in Vercelli area. Bird community of 'palude di San Genuario' (Crescentino-Fontanetto Po); Studio ecologico di una zona umida del Vercellese. La comunita' ornitica della palude di S. Genuario (Crescentino-Fontanetto Po)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cellerino, A; Rossi, G L [ENEA, Divisione Protezione dell' Uomo e degli Ecosistemi, Centro Ricerche Saluggia, Vercelli (Italy)

2001-07-01

The Palude di San Genuario, that includes an artificial wetland zone, has been declared a Community importance site according to Directive CEE n. 92/43 (Habitat), because of the rare bird species living in (as Botarus stellaris, Ardea purpurea, Circus aeruginosus). This research has the aim to improve the knowledge about natural characteristics, the ornithological community and the conservation degree of the area. The study has been carried out by the Sezione Componente Biotica dell'Ecosistema of the ENEA Research Center of Saluggia during 1996, 1997, 1998. It has been possible to describe the ornithological wintering and reproductive community, defining it in terms of diversity by the application of indices (Shannon-Weaver, Berger-Parker, Pielou, Simpson). Besides, the community has been analyzed by the calculation of the curves of relative abundance distribution verifying the consistency in respect to four theoretic models. Using Brichetti and Gariboldi's system of evaluation for the nesting species (based on italian species) and verifying the species considered by the Red List of italian birds, by the work of Tucker and Heath concerning the european species of conservation interest (1994) and by International Convention (Berna and Bonn) as well as European Directives (Birds Directive), it has been possible to point out that the most interesting species belong to wetlands habitats. In accordance with these results, some managerial hypothesis have been elaborated in order to preserve the area. [Italian] La palude di S. Genuario, che racchiude una zona umida di origine artificiale, e' stata individuata come sito di Importanza Comunitaria, ai sensi della Direttiva CEE n. 92/43 ({sup H}abitat{sup )}, per le specie avifaunistiche rare che ospita (Tarabuso, Airone rosso, Falco di palude). Questo studio ha lo scopo di costituire uno strumento conoscitivo riguardante le caratteristiche naturali, i popolamenti ornitici e lo stato di conservazione del sito. La ricerca

A retrospective analysis of acute organophosphorus poisoning ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A retrospective analysis of acute organophosphorus poisoning cases admitted to the tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. ... Young adult males were more commonly involved than females (M:F 2.5:1). The mean age of the patients was 28 years (range 2-72 years, SD ± 14.3 years). Mean time to receive treatment ...

EPR-study of reversible oxygenation process of coordination compounds of cobalt(II) with S-substituted N/sup 1/,N/sup 4/-di(salicylidene)-isothiosemicarbazides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gerbeleu, N.V.; Revenko, M.D.; Rusu, V.G.; Shames, A.T.

1987-09-01

The reaction between molecular oxygen and coordination compounds of cobalt(II) with S-substituted N/sup 1/,N/sup 4/-di(salicylidene)isothiosemicarbazides in dimethyl sulfoxide solution was studied by the EPR method. It was found that paramagnetic monomeric adducts and diamagnetic ..mu..-peroxo-dimers are formed. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the EPR spectra of the initial cobalt complexes, as well as of the paramagnetic adducts were determined. The nature of the Co-O/sub 2/ bond is discussed.

Identificazione delle specie batteriche della placca subgengivale quale fattore di rischio per patologie parodontali in donne con variazioni ormonali fisiologiche e parafisiologiche

OpenAIRE

Privitera, Salvatore

2014-01-01

I principali obiettivi di questo studio sono stati quelli di valutare le implicazioni della menopausa sulla salute orale, nelle pazienti in trattamento con TOS (terapia ormonale sostitutiva) o meno, con particolare riferimento a modificazioni quali-quantitative dei principali batteri patogeni parodontali, che possono portare ad alterazioni dell equilibrio omeostatico del microbiota a favore di alcune specie più frequentemente coinvolte nell eziopatogenesi delle parodontopatie. A tal fine,...

Modulation of Immune Response by Organophosphorus Pesticides: Fishes as a Potential Model in Immunotoxicology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. J. G. Díaz-Resendiz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Immune response is modulated by different substances that are present in the environment. Nevertheless, some of these may cause an immunotoxic effect. In this paper, the effect of organophosphorus pesticides (frequent substances spilled in aquatic ecosystems on the immune system of fishes and in immunotoxicology is reviewed. Furthermore, some cellular and molecular mechanisms that might be involved in immunoregulation mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticides are discussed.

Acute organophosphorus poisoning complicated by acute coronary syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Pankaj, Madhu; Krishna, Kavita

2014-07-01

We report a case of 30 year old alcoholic male admitted with vomiting, drowsiness, limb weakness and fasciculations after alleged history of consumption of 30 ml of chlorpyriphos insecticide. He had low serum cholinesterase levels. With standard treatment for organophosphorus poisoning (OPP), he improved gradually until day 5, when he developed neck and limb weakness and respiratory distress. This intermediate syndrome was treated with oximes, atropine and artificial ventilation. During treatment, his ECG showed fresh changes of ST elevation. High CPK & CPK-MB levels, septal hypokinesia on 2D echo suggested acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiography was postponed due to his bedridden and obtunded status. The patient finally recovered fully by day 15 and was discharged. Acute coronary syndrome is a rare occurrence in OP poisoning. The present case thus emphasises the need for careful electrocardiographic and enzymatic monitoring of all patients of organophosphorus poisoning to prevent potential cardiac complication which can prove fatal.

Ricerche sugli enterobatteri nelle feci di Chirotteri

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Dino Scaravelli

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Dal 2002, grazie al protocollo stipulato tra il gruppo di studio chirotteri del Museo di Onferno e l?Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell?Emilia, sezione di Forlì, si è iniziato un progetto di studio sulla enteroflora di varie specie di Chirotteri. I campioni fecali o più raramente da carcassa, sono stati procssati mediante sistemi standardizzati e tipizzati mediante Enterotubes, creando anche una collezione di riferimento. Le ricerche ad oggi hanno interessato campioni provenienti da diverse regioni e da un certo pool di specie: Myotis daubentonii, M. blythii, M. myotis, Miniopterus schreibersii, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros. Non sono stati mai identificati vettori di zoonosi o altri batteri che siano di alcun interesse per la salute umana, mentre si descrivono qui alcune specie nuove per la fauna italiana in relazione ai Chirotteri quali Providencia alcalifaciens in N.noctula, Serratia marcescens in M. schreibersii e Klebsiella oezaenale in R. hipposideros. Il lavoro invita inoltre ad una maggiore collaborazione e a stringere accordi per ampliare la possibile raccolta dei campioni.

Ecological study of a wetland in Vercelli area. Bird community of 'palude di San Genuario' (Crescentino-Fontanetto Po); Studio ecologico di una zona umida del Vercellese. La comunita' ornitica della palude di S. Genuario (Crescentino-Fontanetto Po)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cellerino, A.; Rossi, G.L. [ENEA, Divisione Protezione dell' Uomo e degli Ecosistemi, Centro Ricerche Saluggia, Vercelli (Italy)

2001-07-01

The Palude di San Genuario, that includes an artificial wetland zone, has been declared a Community importance site according to Directive CEE n. 92/43 (Habitat), because of the rare bird species living in (as Botarus stellaris, Ardea purpurea, Circus aeruginosus). This research has the aim to improve the knowledge about natural characteristics, the ornithological community and the conservation degree of the area. The study has been carried out by the Sezione Componente Biotica dell'Ecosistema of the ENEA Research Center of Saluggia during 1996, 1997, 1998. It has been possible to describe the ornithological wintering and reproductive community, defining it in terms of diversity by the application of indices (Shannon-Weaver, Berger-Parker, Pielou, Simpson). Besides, the community has been analyzed by the calculation of the curves of relative abundance distribution verifying the consistency in respect to four theoretic models. Using Brichetti and Gariboldi's system of evaluation for the nesting species (based on italian species) and verifying the species considered by the Red List of italian birds, by the work of Tucker and Heath concerning the european species of conservation interest (1994) and by International Convention (Berna and Bonn) as well as European Directives (Birds Directive), it has been possible to point out that the most interesting species belong to wetlands habitats. In accordance with these results, some managerial hypothesis have been elaborated in order to preserve the area. [Italian] La palude di S. Genuario, che racchiude una zona umida di origine artificiale, e' stata individuata come sito di Importanza Comunitaria, ai sensi della Direttiva CEE n. 92/43 ({sup H}abitat{sup )}, per le specie avifaunistiche rare che ospita (Tarabuso, Airone rosso, Falco di palude). Questo studio ha lo scopo di costituire uno strumento conoscitivo riguardante le caratteristiche naturali, i popolamenti ornitici e lo stato di conservazione del sito

Synthesis of the mono- and di(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)) phosphoric acids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elias, H.; Zaoui, A.; Attou, M.; Hadj Bachir, D.; Bouzidi, N.; Didi, M.

1995-09-01

This work is related to the synthesis of organophosphorus extracting agents used in purification of heavy metals such as uranium. The mono- and di (4-(1,1,3,3- tetramethylbutyl)) phenyl phosphoric acids, respectively MOPPA and DOPPA, are synthesizd by reaction of phosphorus pentoxid with 4(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbuthyl)) phenol. the separation of MOPPA from DOPPA is realised by liquid-liquid extraction. The Characterization, carried out by infrared uv-visible spectrophotometries, ph-metry and mass spectrometry, has confirmed the identity of the synthesized products. This study also showed that the products proportions are comporable to those of the homologous products obtained with 2-ethylbexanol in the same synthesis conditions

Acute organophosphorus compound poisoning in cattle: A case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A case of an acute organophosphorus compound, GOLDFLEECE poisoning involving 39 cattle at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi is reported. The animals were overexposed to the compound following routine tick spray. Within 15 minutes after the spray of the compound, 26 animals were recumbent showing ...

Biodegradation and Utilization of Organophosphorus Pesticide Malathion by Cyanobacteria

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Wael M. Ibrahim

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Three strains of filamentous Cyanobacteria were used to study their growth and utilization of organophosphorus pesticide malathion. A sharp decrease in the growth of the algal strains was observed by increasing the concentration of malathion. Amongst them Nostoc muscorum tolerated different concentrations and was recorded as the highest efficient strain for biodegradation (91% of this compound. Moreover, carbohydrate and protein content of their cells overtopped the other strains especially at higher concentrations. The algal strains were further subjected to grow under P-limitation in absence and presence of malathion. Although, the algal growth under P-limitation recorded a very poor level, a massive enhanced growth and phosphorous content of cells were obtained when the P-limited medium was amended with malathion. This study clarified that N. muscorum with its capability to utilize malathion as a sole phosphorous source is considered as an inexpensive and efficient biotechnology for remediation of organophosphorus pesticide from contaminated wastewater.

Rapid biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides by Stenotrophomonas sp. G1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deng, Shuyan; Chen, Yao; Wang, Daosheng; Shi, Taozhong; Wu, Xiangwei; Ma, Xin; Li, Xiangqiong; Hua, Rimao; Tang, Xinyun; Li, Qing X.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Stenotrophomonas sp. G1 was isolated from chlorpyrifos contaminated sludge. • Strain G1 is closest to Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila. • Strain G1 can efficiently degrade 8 organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). • Intracellular methyl parathion hydrolase is responsible for the OP degradation. • Three factors were orthogonally optimized for degradation of methyl parathion. - Abstract: Organophosphorus insecticides have been widely used, which are highly poisonous and cause serious concerns over food safety and environmental pollution. A bacterial strain being capable of degrading O,O-dialkyl phosphorothioate and O,O-dialkyl phosphate insecticides, designated as G1, was isolated from sludge collected at the drain outlet of a chlorpyrifos manufacture plant. Physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain G1 belongs to the genus Stenotrophomonas. At an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, strain G1 degraded 100% of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon, diazinon, and phoxim, 95% of parathion, 63% of chlorpyrifos, 38% of profenofos, and 34% of triazophos in 24 h. Orthogonal experiments showed that the optimum conditions were an inoculum volume of 20% (v/v), a substrate concentration of 50 mg/L, and an incubation temperature in 40 °C. p-Nitrophenol was detected as the metabolite of methyl parathion, for which intracellular methyl parathion hydrolase was responsible. Strain G1 can efficiently degrade eight organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and is a very excellent candidate for applications in OP pollution remediation

Rapid biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides by Stenotrophomonas sp. G1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deng, Shuyan; Chen, Yao [Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Lab of Quality & Safety and Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036 (China); Wang, Daosheng [School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036 (China); Shi, Taozhong; Wu, Xiangwei; Ma, Xin; Li, Xiangqiong [Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Lab of Quality & Safety and Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036 (China); Hua, Rimao, E-mail: rimaohua@ahau.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Lab of Quality & Safety and Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036 (China); Tang, Xinyun [School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036 (China); Li, Qing X. [Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East–West Road, Honolulu, HI 957822 (United States)

2015-10-30

Highlights: • Stenotrophomonas sp. G1 was isolated from chlorpyrifos contaminated sludge. • Strain G1 is closest to Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila. • Strain G1 can efficiently degrade 8 organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). • Intracellular methyl parathion hydrolase is responsible for the OP degradation. • Three factors were orthogonally optimized for degradation of methyl parathion. - Abstract: Organophosphorus insecticides have been widely used, which are highly poisonous and cause serious concerns over food safety and environmental pollution. A bacterial strain being capable of degrading O,O-dialkyl phosphorothioate and O,O-dialkyl phosphate insecticides, designated as G1, was isolated from sludge collected at the drain outlet of a chlorpyrifos manufacture plant. Physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain G1 belongs to the genus Stenotrophomonas. At an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, strain G1 degraded 100% of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon, diazinon, and phoxim, 95% of parathion, 63% of chlorpyrifos, 38% of profenofos, and 34% of triazophos in 24 h. Orthogonal experiments showed that the optimum conditions were an inoculum volume of 20% (v/v), a substrate concentration of 50 mg/L, and an incubation temperature in 40 °C. p-Nitrophenol was detected as the metabolite of methyl parathion, for which intracellular methyl parathion hydrolase was responsible. Strain G1 can efficiently degrade eight organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and is a very excellent candidate for applications in OP pollution remediation.

Gold-catalyzed oxidation of substituted phenols by hydrogen peroxide

KAUST Repository

Cheneviere, Yohan; Caps, Valerie; Tuel, Alain

2010-01-01

Gold nanoparticles deposited on inorganic supports are efficient catalysts for the oxidation of various substituted phenols (2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol and 2,3,6-trimethyl phenol) with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. By contrast to more conventional

Micromammiferi dei piani carsici di Colfiorito (Perugia - Macerata

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A. Gaggi

2003-10-01

Full Text Available È stata condotta la prima indagine qualitativa sulla microteriofauna del Parco Regionale di Colfiorito (PG e dell?intero sistema dei piani carsici, che si sviluppano tra 750 e 800 m. s.l.m. sullo spartiacque appenninico umbro-marchigiano centro- meridionale. L?area di studio si estende per 5651,27 ha con un?escursione altitudinale da 750 a 1440 m s.l.m., interessando la palude omonima e alcuni territori limitrofi. Si è indagato nelle seguenti categorie ambientali: palude (fascia esterna, prato umido e torbiera, pascolo, bosco di latifoglie e zone antropizzate. Tra giugno 2000 e maggio 2001 sono state effettuate 16 uscite (4 per stagione, utilizzando i seguenti metodi: a trappolamento incruento, con trappole ed esche di vario tipo e successivo rilascio dei selvatici catturati, per 616 notti trappola, 38 catture, 6 specie: Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus savii, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, Rattus norvegicus e Mus domesticus; b raccolta di boli. La mancata reperibilità di siti di Barbagianni Tyto alba e di Allocco Strix aluco ha portato a recuperare ed analizzare 65 borre di Albanella reale Circus cyaneus e 13 di Albanella minore C. pygargus, con il contenuto di microroditori rispettivamente del 77,3% e del 10%. In entrambe le diete è apparsa interessante la presenza di crani riferibili a Microtus cfr. subterraneus. Il metodo ha fornito, contemporaneamente, nuove informazioni sull?alimentazione di queste albanelle in Italia; c ricerca di resti di pasto, nidi e tane, impronte, carcasse. Ha accertato le specie Erinaceus europaeus e Sciurus vulgaris oltre al genere Talpa; d ricerca bibliografica, museografica e fotografica. Ha accertato Sorex minutus, S. samniticus, Neomys fodiens, Glis glis,

Fenologia dei Chirotteri nella grotta di Onferno

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Massimo Bertozzi

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Con le sue 11 specie e le oltre 6000 presenze di Chirotteri la Riserva naturale orientata di Onferno è certamente un punto di notevole interesse nel patrimonio naturale italiano. A seguito dei piani di indagine e di sorveglianza posti in essere fin dalla sua creazione nel 1992 da parte della gestione della Riserva e soprattutto grazie al progetto LIFE in corso, si riassumono qui i principali tratti fenologci delle diverse specie nella cavità. Il sistema ipogeo è altamente differenziato topografica e in termini di microclima, come rilevato dal sistema di monitoraggio presente. Da Dicembre inizia il periodo più tipicamente invernale con rapido abbandono della cavità principale da parte dei miniotteri. Vi rimangono poche decine di esemplari e altrettanti rinolofidi delle diverse specie. Tale situazione si prolunga con alcune piccole variazioni fino a Marzo. Al cambio di stagione i miniotteri si muovono dai rifugi posti soprattutto in un tunnel a S. Marino (circa 11 km in linea d?aria a temperatura tra i 3 e 5 °C per tornare nel tratto principale a circa 7°C. I rinolofidi mantengono le posizioni e i numeri precedenti. Con Aprile il gruppo dei miniotteri, oramai completo o quasi, si sposta nella Sala Guano o rimane in vari ambiti del percorso principale. I rinolofidi appaiono in movimento ma il loro numero diminuisce almeno dalle zone di controllo. A Maggio compaiono anche i grandi vespertili già aggregati al grande gruppo dei miniotteri che spesso si presenta in contingenti suddivisi in vari ambiti della grotta. Non si ritrovano più rinolofi maggiori, mentre euryale e minore raggiungono le sale più calde e secche. Con Giugno i contingenti si concentrano nella grande sala ?Quarina? per formare nella seconda metà la colonia riproduttiva. Dal 15 circa iniziano i parti in tutte le specie. Nel Miniottero si registrano scarti di almeno una settimana tra l?avvio della riproduzione e le ultime nascite. Tutto Luglio è speso nella crescita dei

Effect of dipole moment and conformation on the mesophase behavior of di-laterally substituted phenylazophenyl benzoate liquid crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naoum, M.M.; Ahmed, H.A.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Four homologous series of di-laterally substituted derivatives were prepared. → Measurement of the dipole moment and comparing it with those calculated for the various planner conformations. → Binary phase diagrams were constructed for mixtures made from any two analogues of different central lateral substituents. → Mesophase behavior is related to conformation. → The two molecules in all mixtures investigated are arranged in a back-to-face pattern. - Abstract: The dipole moments of the previously prepared 4-(3'-fluoro phenylazo)-2-(or 3-) substituted phenyl-4''-alkoxybenzoates (In a-d ), have been determined in benzene at 30 o C. The data obtained were compared with those theoretically calculated by molecular modeling program to deduce the most probable conformations for each individual homologous series. Probable conformations deduced were found to vary according to type and position of the lateral substituent attached to the central benzene ring. The results were used to correlate the mesophase behavior, in pure and mixed derivatives, with the conformation deduced for each series. Each homologous series, that have in common a lateral fluorine atom on the first terminal ring, differs from the other by a second lateral group substituted on the central ring. The latter group varies between 2-CH 3 , 3-CH 3 , 2-Cl and 3-CN groups. Within each homologous series, the number of carbons in the other terminal alkoxy group varies between 8 and 16 carbons. The study aims to investigate the steric effect of the spatial orientation of the central lateral substituent, based on deduced conformations, on the mesomorphic properties in their pure or mixed states. The mesophase behavior was investigated via differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and mesophases identified by polarized light microscopy, PLM.

Cacciatori di particelle

CERN Document Server

Ne'eman, Yuval

1988-01-01

Capostipite dei "cacciatori di particelle" fu J.J. Thomson, il quale nel 1897 scoprì la prima particella subatomica, l'elettrone. Poco dopo, negli anni tra il 1910 e il 1932, veniva rivelata la natura del nucleo atomico, grazie al lavoro di Rutherford. Partendo da queste prime storiche conquiste della fisica, gli autori introducono gradualmente il lettore nel micromondo delle particelle: dall'elettroscopio a foglie d'oro al dualismo onda-particella, all'enigma di una asimmetria destra-sinistra in natura, all'invenzione dei grandi acceleratori. Poi tra la fine degli anni cinquanta e i primi anni sessanta, l'esplosione di nuove specie particellari sembra vanificare ogni speranza di spiegazione. Lo schema di classificazione introdotto nel 1964 da Ne'eman (e, indipendentemente, da Gell-Mann), pone fine a tale confusione, consentendo una sistemazione coerente: quella che porta al concetto di quark e alle ultime conquiste, teoriche e sperimentali. Oggi, che i fisici sono divenuti più "coltivatori" che "cacciatori...

1,1-Dimetallic reagents for the elaboration of stereoselectively di- or trisubstituted linear substrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Normant, J F

2001-08-01

Although gem-dimetallic species have been known for a long time, and reacted once or twice with electrophiles, the allyl zincation of substituted vinyl metals has emerged as a particularly efficient access to such species. This is due to a high face selectivity, in the addition to the C=C bond, which can be governed by vicinal or more remote heteroatoms. This strategy has some aspects in common with the well-known allylations or aldol condensations to carbonyl derivatives. But in the present case, the C=C bond has a low polarity. We present here some examples which lead to di- or polysubstituted linear substrates, of given geometry, where the organodimetallic obtained has been doubly protonated by water. Further elaborations (to alkenes, ketones, etc.) are possible.

Denaturation/Renaturation of Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase (OPAA) Using Guanidinium Hydrochloride and Urea

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Ong, K. K; Sun, Z; Cheng, T. C; Wei, Y; Yuan, J. M; Yin, R

2004-01-01

.... Using organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) as the model protein, a guanidinium hydrochloride and urea denaturation/renaturation study was conducted and measured both optically and enzymatically...

RIDEFINIZIONE DEL GENERE PRIONIOMUS JEANNEL, 1937 E DESCRIZIONE DI PRIONIOMUS CASSIOPAEUS N. SP. DELL’ISOLA DI KÉRKYRA (GRECIA, ISOLE IONIE (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurizio Pavesi

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Corcyranillus abnormis (J. Sahlberg, 1900 e Prioniomus moczarskii Jeannel, 1937, specie tipo dei rispettivi generi, vengono studiati criticamente su materiale recentemente raccolto e comparati con altre specie inedite. In base a tale studio viene proposta la sinonimia tra i generi Corcyranillus Jeannel, 1937 e Prioniomus Jeannel, 1937, descritti nel medesimo lavoro; l’autore, quale Primo Revisore, seleziona Prioniomus come nome valido e gli assegna la priorità su Corcyranillus. Turkanillus Coiffait, 1956 (specie tipo T. strinatii Coiffait, 1956, dell’Anatolia nord-occidentale, viene ugualmente considerato sinonimo di Prioniomus. Viene ridefinito il genere Prioniomus, considerato sister group e vicariante orientale di Anillus Jacquelin du Val, 1851, e brevemente discussi i caratteri derivati presenti in ciascuno. Viene descritto Prioniomus cassiopaeus n. sp. dell’isola di Kérkyra. Vengono infine brevemente ridescritte le due specie di Prioniomus già conosciute di Kérkyra, con alcune note su località e habitat di rinvenimento, e considerazioni sulla distribuzione generale degli Anillina nell’isola.

Spirochete della malattia di Lyme nelle zecche raccolte in uno studio di campo nell’Italia centrale (Regione Marche

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Ilaria Pascucci

2010-06-01

Full Text Available La malattia di Lyme è la più diffusa malattia trasmessa da zecche in Italia. La provincia di Pesaro ed Urbino per le sue caratteristiche ecologiche può essere considerata area rischio per la patologia. Ciò nonostante, non sono ancora disponibili dati di campo per questa area, sebbene la malattia sia presente nei territori limitrofi. Al fine di indagare la presenza del ciclo della borreliosi di Lyme, è stato condotto, nell’area di interesse, uno studio di un anno durante il quale sono state raccolte zecche da cervidi selvatici, uomo e dall’ambiente, successivamente identificate e analizzate mediante PCR. Le zecche appartenenti alla specie Ixodes ricinus (la specie più frequente in tutte le raccolte sono state testate mediante tre diverse PCR per la ricerca di Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. Inoltre, per identificare le genospecie di Borrelia burgdorferi s.lcoinvolte, è stato amplificato e sequenziato un frammento della regione intergenica spaziatrice 5S-23S dell’ RNA ribosomiale. Il sequenziamento ha permesso di identificare due differenti genospecie: B. burgdorferi s.s. e B. lusitaniae, precedentemente coinvolte in casi umani di malattia di Lyme. Le informazioni riguardo le relazioni tra ospite, zecca e genospecie di B. burgdorferi s.l., confermando le notizie già presenti in letteratura per il bacino del Mediterraneo, mostrano come nell’area di interesse siano presenti le condizioni favorevoli allo sviluppo del ciclo della borreliosi di Lyme.

A tiered approach for probabilistic ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites; Un approccio multilivello per l'analisi probabilistica di rischio ecologico di siti contaminati

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zolezzi, M. [Fisia Italimpianti SpA, Genova (Italy); Nicolella, C. [Pisa Univ., Pisa (Italy). Dipartimento di ingegneria chimica, chimica industriale e scienza dei materiali; Tarazona, J.V. [Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid (Spain). Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Laboratorio de toxicologia

2005-09-15

This paper presents a tiered methodology for probabilistic ecological risk assessment. The proposed approach starts from deterministic comparison (ratio) of single exposure concentration and threshold or safe level calculated from a dose-response relationship, goes through comparison of probabilistic distributions that describe exposure values and toxicological responses of organisms to the chemical of concern, and finally determines the so called distribution-based quotients (DBQs). In order to illustrate the proposed approach, soil concentrations of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4- TCB) measured in an industrial contaminated site were used for site-specific probabilistic ecological risks assessment. By using probabilistic distributions, the risk, which exceeds a level of concern for soil organisms with the deterministic approach, is associated to the presence of hot spots reaching concentrations able to affect acutely more than 50% of the soil species, while the large majority of the area presents 1,2,4- TCB concentrations below those reported as toxic. [Italian] Scopo del presente studio e fornire una procedura per l'analisi di rischio ecologico di siti contaminati basata su livelli successivi di approfondimento. L'approccio proposto, partendo dal semplice rapporto deterministico tra un livello di esposizione ed un valore di effetto che consenta la salvaguardia del maggior numero di specie dell'ecosistema considerato, procede attraverso il confronto tra le distribuzioni statistiche dei valori di esposizione e di sensitivita delle specie, per determinare infine la distribuzione probabilistica del quoziente di rischio. Ai fini di illustrare la metodologia proposta, le concentrazioni di 1,2,4-triclorobenzene determinate nel suolo di un sito industriale contaminato sono state utilizzate per condurre l'analisi di rischio per le specie terrestri. L'utilizzo delle distribuzioni probabilistiche ha permesso di associare il rischio, inizialmente

Pralidoxime in acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning--a randomised controlled trial.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael Eddleston

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Poisoning with organophosphorus (OP insecticides is a major global public health problem, causing an estimated 200,000 deaths each year. Although the World Health Organization recommends use of pralidoxime, this antidote's effectiveness remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether the addition of pralidoxime chloride to atropine and supportive care offers benefit.We performed a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of pralidoxime chloride (2 g loading dose over 20 min, followed by a constant infusion of 0.5 g/h for up to 7 d versus saline in patients with organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning. Mortality was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included intubation, duration of intubation, and time to death. We measured baseline markers of exposure and pharmacodynamic markers of response to aid interpretation of clinical outcomes. Two hundred thirty-five patients were randomised to receive pralidoxime (121 or saline placebo (114. Pralidoxime produced substantial and moderate red cell acetylcholinesterase reactivation in patients poisoned by diethyl and dimethyl compounds, respectively. Mortality was nonsignificantly higher in patients receiving pralidoxime: 30/121 (24.8% receiving pralidoxime died, compared with 18/114 (15.8% receiving placebo (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-3.26, p = 0.12. Incorporating the baseline amount of acetylcholinesterase already aged and plasma OP concentration into the analysis increased the HR for patients receiving pralidoxime compared to placebo, further decreasing the likelihood that pralidoxime is beneficial. The need for intubation was similar in both groups (pralidoxime 26/121 [21.5%], placebo 24/114 [21.1%], adjusted HR 1.27 [95% CI 0.71-2.29]. To reduce confounding due to ingestion of different insecticides, we further analysed patients with confirmed chlorpyrifos or dimethoate poisoning alone, finding no evidence of benefit.Despite clear reactivation of

A STUDY OF PREDICTING THE NEED FOR VENTILATOR SUPPORT AND OUTCOME IN ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kalinga Bommankatte Eranaik

2017-04-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND Organophosphorus compound poisoning is the most common poisonings in India because of easy availability, often requiring ICU care and ventilator support. Clinical research has indicated that respiratory failure is the most important cause of death due to Organophosphorus poisoning. It results in respiratory muscle weakness, pulmonary oedema, respiratory depression, increased secretions and bronchospasm. These complications and death can be prevented with timely Institution of ventilator support. The aim of present study was to identify the factors and predicting the need for ventilator support and outcome. Aim of the Study- To predict the need for ventilator support and outcome in organophosphate poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy consecutive patients admitted with a history of organophosphorus poisoning at KIMS, Hubli were taken for study after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history, confirmation of poisoning, examination and other than routine investigations serum pseudocholinesterase and arterial blood gas analysis was done. The severity of organophosphorus poisoning was graded as mild, moderate and severe based on the factors which influence the need for ventilator support. RESULTS This study was conducted in 70 patients, out of which 48 (68.6% were male patients and 22 (31.4% were female patients. Among them 37 (53% patients required ventilation and 33 (47% expired. Chlorpyrifos, Dichlorvos and Monocrotophos were most commonly consumed poisons. 74% patients who consumed these compounds required ventilator support and 73% patients expired. 100% of patients presented with pin point pupil, fasciculation score > 4, respiratory rate > 20, GCS score < 7 and severe grade of poisoning required ventilator support and pseudocholinesterase < 900 U/L, 70% of metabolic acidosis and atropine requirement more than 180 mg within 48 hours required ventilator support and associated with high mortality. CONCLUSION

Dechlorination of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene by hydrogen sulfide species: redox and nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Wei; Yates, Scott R; Papiernik, Sharon K; Guo, Mingxin; Gan, Jianying

2006-03-22

The chlorinated fumigants chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) are extensively used in agricultural production for the control of soilborne pests. The reaction of these two fumigants with hydrogen sulfide species (H2S and HS-) was examined in well-defined anoxic aqueous solutions. Chloropicrin underwent an extremely rapid redox reaction in the hydrogen sulfide solution. Transformation products indicated reductive dechlorination of chloropicrin by hydrogen sulfide species to produce dichloro- and chloronitromethane. The transformation of chloropicrin in hydrogen sulfide solution significantly increased with increasing pH, indicating that H2S is less reactive toward chloropicrin than HS- is. For both 1,3-D isomers, kinetics and transformation products analysis revealed that the reaction between 1,3-D and hydrogen sulfide species is an S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution process, in which the chlorine at C3 of 1,3-D is substituted by the sulfur nucleophile to form corresponding mercaptans. The 50% disappearance time (DT50) of 1,3-D decreased with increasing hydrogen sulfide species concentration at a constant pH. Transformation of 1,3-D was more rapid at high pH, suggesting that the reactivity of hydrogen sulfide species in the experimental system stems primarily from HS-. Because of the relatively low smell threshold values and potential environmental persistence of organic sulfur products yielded by the reaction of 1,3-D and HS-, the effects of reduced sulfide species should be considered in the development of alternative fumigation practices, especially in the integrated application of sulfur-containing fertilizers.

Le collezioni di Mammiferi del Museo Civico di Zoologia di Roma: una sintesi storica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Svampa

2003-10-01

, della Società Geografica Italiana (materiale Ragazzi, Antonelli e Antinori, Ministero della Guerra (Traversi, dell?ex Museo Coloniale di Roma, Gronca (circumnavigazione della ?Caracciolo?, Chierchia (circumnavigazione della ?Vittor Pisani?, Holub, non sia stato tutto studiato approfonditamente da esperti teriologi. Infatti, a titolo di esempio, il Museo possiede entrambe le specie di facocero oggi esistenti, ma nessuno di questi esemplari viene citato nella recente revisione del Phacochoerus aethiopicus realizzata da Huart e Grubb (2001. Recentemente, il Museo si è attivato per acquisire la collezione Zammarano di Mammiferi africani, alcuni dei quali, come il Cercopithecus albogularis zammaranoi, di grande valore scientifico. Una linea di ricerca che si potrà esplorare in futuro riguarda lo studio del materiale osteologico di esemplari vissuti in cattività per rilevare eventuali patologie o gli effetti di differenti metodi di allevamento. A tale proposito sarà fondamentale incrociare i dati museali con quelli storici del Giardino Zoologico. Nel contempo, si intende anche rilanciare il ruolo del Museo nella ricerca e divulgazione sulla mammalofauna locale. Nel poster viene infine presentata una completa bibliografia storica sugli studi mammalogici svolti sulla collezione.

STATUS INTRODUKSI IKAN DAN STRATEGI PELAKSANAAN SECARA BERKELANJUTAN DI PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN DI INDONESIA

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Chairulwan Umar

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Masuknya jenis ikan asing berpotensi merubah keseimbangan pada perairan umum daratan, dan di Indonesia gejala ini sudah mulai terlihat. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk membahas lebih lanjut tentang perkembangan introduksi ikan asing, strategi pelaksanaan intoduksi dan berbagai dampaknya terhadap komunitas ikan asli perairan di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan melalui penelusuran dan studi pustaka tentang: sejarah kegiatan introduksi ikan yang dilakukan ke Indonesia, jenis-ikan introduksi ikan di Indonesia dan kegiatan introduksi ikan yang telah dan dilakukan di Indonesia beserta dampaknya. Verifikasi lapangan dilakukan pada tahun 2011 di beberapa danau dan waduk antara lain Danau Sentani, Danau Kerinci, Danau Matano dan Waduk Riam Kanan. Data yang terkumpul ditabulasi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa introduksi ikan asing dilakukan di Indonesia sebelum tahun 1900. Introduksi ikan yang telah dilakukan selama ini, lebih banyak dilakukan tanpa melalui kajian ilmiah yang mendalam dan telah terbukti mengakibatkan hilang atau berkurangnya populasi ikan asli atau endemik serta menjadi agen pembawa penyakit. The entry of alien fish species could potentially change the balance of the inland waters and in Indonesia this symptoms was shown. The paper aims are to discuss more about the development introduction of alien fish species, the introduction implementation strategy and its impact to indigenous fish species communities in Indonesian inland waters. The study was conducted through a literature research about: the history of fish introductions activities which carried out in Indonesia, the species of fish introduction in Indonesia and the activities of introduction fish that have been conducted in Indonesia and its impact. Field verification was conducted in 2011 at several lakes and reservoir such us: Sentani Lake, Kerinci Lake, Matano Lake and Riam Kanan Reservoir. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed

UPTAKE AND PHYTOTRANSFORMATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES BY AXENICALLY CULTIVATED AQUATIC PLANTS

Science.gov (United States)

The uptake and phytotransformation of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (malathion, demeton-S-methyl, and crufomate) was investigated in vitro using the axenically aquatic cultivated plants parrot feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), duckweed (Spirodela oligorrhiza L.), and elodea (E...

Surface Chemistry of Enzymes for Detection and Decontamination of Organophosphorus Compounds

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Leblanc, Roger

2003-01-01

...), organophosphorus acid hydrolase (OPH), and covalent bonding of the enzyme onto the substrate. Results are encouraging and the studied enzymes form stable monolayers at the interface and can be transferred on to the solid substrate...

Anthropogenic areas as incidental substitutes for original habitat.

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez-Abraín, Alejandro; Jiménez, Juan

2016-06-01

One speaks of ecological substitutes when an introduced species performs, to some extent, the ecosystem function of an extirpated native species. We suggest that a similar case exists for habitats. Species evolve within ecosystems, but habitats can be destroyed or modified by natural and human-made causes. Sometimes habitat alteration forces animals to move to or remain in a suboptimal habitat type. In that case, the habitat is considered a refuge, and the species is called a refugee. Typically refugee species have lower population growth rates than in their original habitats. Human action may lead to the unintended generation of artificial or semiartificial habitat types that functionally resemble the essential features of the original habitat and thus allow a population growth rate of the same magnitude or higher than in the original habitat. We call such areas substitution habitats and define them as human-made habitats within the focal species range that by chance are partial substitutes for the species' original habitat. We call species occupying a substitution habitat adopted species. These are 2 new terms in conservation biology. Examples of substitution habitats are dams for European otters, wheat and rice fields for many steppeland and aquatic birds, and urban areas for storks, falcons, and swifts. Although substitution habitats can bring about increased resilience against the agents of global change, the conservation of original habitat types remains a conservation priority. © 2016 Society for Conservation Biology.

Stress indotto dalla guida di autoveicoli: studio di parametri psicofisiologici

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R. Vivoli

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

La guida di un autoveicolo, specie in condizioni di intenso traffico o di cattive condizioni meteoclimatiche, è considerata uno dei principali fattori stressanti della vita odierna. Durante la guida si possono infatti osservare significative risposte simpatoadrenergiche e cardiovascolari con la comparsa anche di episodi coronarici. Tali risposte presentano un’ampia variabilità interindividuale in quanto sono influenzate da vari fattori (stile di vita, personalità etc..

In questa rassegna, vengono presentati i principali risultati degli studi da noi condotti sulle risposte psicofisiologiche indotte dalla guida di diversi tipi di autoveicoli. In conducenti di autobus urbani è stato registrato un sensibile aumento del tasso urinario di adrenalina durante il turno lavorativo rispetto alla stessa fascia oraria di un giorno di riposo. Tale risposta adrenergica era esaltata dall’abitudine tabagica e dall’assunzione di caffè e bevande alcoliche. In soggetti che alla guida di camion coprono lunghe distanze, i più elevati tassi urinari di catecolamine e i più alti livelli di frequenza cardiaca sono stati registrati quando la guida era particolarmente stressante per la presenza di nebbia o di intenso traffico. In soggetti che partecipano, a livello amatoriale, a manifestazioni agonistiche di velocità su pista, abbiamo osservato che durante la gara, rispetto al periodo pre-gara, l’escrezione urinaria di catecolamine aumenta in misura molto rilevante. Analogamente a quanto osservato in autisti di camion, l’attivazione del sistema adrenergico è risultata direttamente associata ai livelli di ansietà. Dall’elettrocardiogramma dinamico è emerso che durante la gara la frequenza cardiaca raggiunge un valore medio di 163.5±7.4 battiti/min. (range: 146,180 battiti/min..

Un significativo peggioramento della percezione visiva stereoscopica, con potenziale ricaduta negativa sulla performance dei guidatori, è stato osservato in

The brain imaging study of the organophosphorus pesticides poisoning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Yanmei; Liu Huaijun; Li Shuling; Wang Yongsheng; Huang Boyuan; Chi Cen; Shi Zhenyang; Cui Caixia; Zhou Lixia; Liu Runtian

2004-01-01

Objective: To summarize the CT and MR imaging findings in acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning patients, and to improve the early diagnostic ability. Methods: The imaging of 34 patients of organophosphorus pesticides poisoning was analyzed, the poisons were all taken orally. The pesticides included methamidophos (12 cases), omethoate (15 cases), DDV (3 cases), and methylparathion (4 cases). According to the diagnosis and classification diagnosis criterion of acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning, the patients were divided into two groups: mild or moderate grade group (24 cases) and severe grade group (10 cases). The relationship between the clinic grade and CT and MRI findings was studied. Results: in the severe grade group, 4 patients showed brain edema, presenting as sulcus and fissure flattened or disappeared, and ventricles and cisterns narrowed or closed 2-3 days after poisoning. In 3 patients 3 days to 3 months after poisoning, bilateral basal ganglion and cerebral cortex showed prolonged T 1 and T 2 signals, and high signal intensity was detected on FLAIR, and bilateral basal ganglion low density was revealed on CT. T 1 relaxation was shortened, T 2 WI and FLAIR imaging showed high signal intensity in 1 patient. The imaging of 1 patient 6 months after poisoning showed the cerebral sulcus, fissure and ventricle were enlarged. CT and MRI in the mild or moderate group were normal. By the Fisher's exact probabilities test, the imaging exhibition difference between the severe grade and mild or moderate grade patients was significant. Conclusion: The CT and MRI can reflect the brain injury after poisoning, and the imaging exhibitions were various. The imaging information can provide credible foundation for the therapy for lightening the brain edema and nourishing the brain cell

Identification and Characterization of c-di-GMP Metabolic Enzymes of Leptospira interrogans and c-di-GMP Fluctuations After Thermal Shift and Infection

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Guohui Xiao

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. The most common species, Leptospira interrogans, can transfer from contaminated soil or water to the human body. It is able to survive these changing environments through sensing and responding to the changes of environmental cues. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP is a special secondary messenger in bacteria, which can respond to the environment and regulate diverse bacterial behaviors. The c-di-GMP levels in bacterial cells are regulated by diguanylatecyclases (DGC and phosphodiesterases (PDE, which are responsible for synthesizing or hydrolyzing c-di-GMP, respectively. In this study, distribution and phylogenetics of c-di-GMP metabolic genes among 15 leptospiral species were systematically analyzed. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that leptospiral species contain a multitude of c-di-GMP metabolic genes. C-di-GMP metabolic genes in L. interrogans strain Lai 56601 were further analyzed and the results showed that these genes have very diverse expression patterns. Most of the putative DGCs and PDEs possess enzymatic activities, as determined by riboswitch-based dual-fluorescence reporters in vivo or HPLC in vitro. Furtherer analysis of subdomains from GGDEF-containing proteins revealed that the ability to synthesize c-di-GMP was lost when the GAF domain from LA1483 and PAS domain from LA2932 were deleted, while deletion of the REC domain from LA2528 did not affect its ability to synthesize c-di-GMP. Furthermore, high temperatures generally resulted in low c-di-GMP concentrations in L. interrogans and most of the c-di-GMP metabolic genes exhibited differential temperature regulation. Also, infection of murine J774A.1 cells resulted in reduced c-di-GMP levels, while no significant change of c-di-GMP metabolic genes on transcriptional levels were observed during the infection of J774A.1 cells. Taken together, these results provide a basic platform for future studies of c-di

Novel organophosphorus compounds; synthesis, spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Shariatinia, Z.; Sohrabi, M.; Yousefi, M.; Kovaľ, Tomáš; Dušek, Michal

2012-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 2 (2012), s. 125-133 ISSN 1024-1221 Grant - others:AV ČR(CZ) AP0701 Program:Akademická prémie - Praemium Academiae Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100521 Keywords : organophosphorus compounds * NMR * X-ray crystallography * hydrogen bond Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.686, year: 2012

Organophosphorus insecticides: Toxic effects and bioanalytical tests for evaluating toxicity during degradation processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Čolović Mirjana B.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Organophosphorus insecticides have been the most applied group of insecticides for the last two decades. Their main toxic effects are related to irreversible inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE. Actually, they covalently bind to serine OH group in the enzyme active site forming phosphorylated enzyme that cannot hydrolyze acetylcholine. Organophosphorus insecticides in the environment undergo the natural degradation pathway including mainly homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrolysis (especially at high pH generating non-inhibiting products. Additionally, thio organophosphates are easily oxidized by naturally present oxidants and UV light, forming more toxic and stable oxons. Thus, oxidative degradation procedures, generally referred as advanced oxidation processes (AOP, have been applied for their efficient removal from contaminated waters. The most applied bioassays to monitor the organophosphate toxicity i.e. the detoxification degree during AOP are Vibrio fischeri and AChE bioassays. Vibrio fischeri toxicity test exploits bioluminescence as the measure of luciferase activity of this marine bacterium, whereas AChE bioassay is based on AChE activity inhibition. Both bioanalytical techniques are rapid (several minutes, simple, sensitive and reproducible. Vibrio fischeri test seems to be a versatile indicator of toxic compounds generated in AOP for organophosphorus insecticides degradation. However, detection of neurotoxic AChE inhibitors, which can be formed in AOP of some organophosphates, requires AChE bioassays. Therefore, AChE toxicity test is more appropriate for monitoring the degradation processes of thio organophosphates, because more toxic oxo organophosphates might be formed and overlooked by Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition. In addition, during organophosphates removal by AOP, compounds with strong genotoxic potential may be formed, which cannot be detected by standard toxicity tests. For this reason, determination of

Potenzialità immunomodulanti di Akkermansia muciniphila in modelli animali di inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

OpenAIRE

Russo, Valentina

2016-01-01

Circa 500 specie diverse di batteri colonizzano il tratto gastro-intestinale, in una quantità pari a 1000 miliardi/grammo, dando vita all’ecosistema microbico commensale, le cui dimensioni ne fanno un vero e proprio organo metabolicamente attivo. La microflora intestinale, che risiede principalmente nel colon, svolge funzioni molto importanti per la salute del nostro organismo come la sintesi di vitamine, acidi grassi (butirrato e proprionato) e amminoacidi, ma è anche in grado di interagi...

COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY: AQUEOUS ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION POTENTIALS FOR SUBSTITUTED ANILINES

Science.gov (United States)

Semiempirical molecular orbital theory and density functional theory are used to compute one-electron oxidation potentials for aniline and a set of 21 mono- and di-substituted anilines in aqueous solution. Linear relationships between theoretical predictions and experiment are co...

Anti-leishmanial and structure-activity relationship of ring substituted 3-phenyl-1-(1,4-di-N-oxide quinoxalin-2-yl-2-propen-1-one derivatives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asunción Burguete

2008-12-01

Full Text Available A series of ring substituted 3-phenyl-1-(1,4-di-N-oxide quinoxalin-2-yl-2-propen-1-one derivatives were synthesized and tested for in vitro leishmanicidal activity against amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis in axenical cultures and murine infected macrophages. Structure-activity relationships demonstrated the importance of a radical methoxy at position R3', R4' and R5'. (2E-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl-1-(3,6,7-trimethyl-1,4-dioxy-quinoxalin-2-yl-propenone was the most active. Cytotoxicity on macrophages revealed that this product was almost six times more active than toxic.

Determination of organophosphorus acids by thermo-spray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wils, E.R.J.; Hulst, A.G.

1988-01-01

The determination of thirteen organophosphorus acids, hydrolysis products of nerve agents and pesticides, by a combination of ion-pair liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase C18 column and thermospray mass spectrometry was investigated. Ammonium acetate and three tetraalkylammonium salts with

Isolation of the opdE gene that encodes for a new hydrolase of Enterobacter sp. capable of degrading organophosphorus pesticides.

Science.gov (United States)

Chino-Flores, Concepción; Dantán-González, Edgar; Vázquez-Ramos, Alejandra; Tinoco-Valencia, Raunel; Díaz-Méndez, Rafael; Sánchez-Salinas, Enrique; Castrejón-Godínez, Maria Luisa; Ramos-Quintana, Fernando; Ortiz-Hernández, Maria Laura

2012-06-01

Microbial enzymes that can hydrolyze organophosphorus compounds have been isolated, identified and characterized from different microbial species in order to use them in biodegradation of organophosphorus compounds. We isolated a bacterial strain Cons002 from an agricultural soil bacterial consortium, which can hydrolyze methyl-parathion (MP) and other organophosphate pesticides. HPLC analysis showed that strain Cons002 is capable of degrading pesticides MP, parathion and phorate. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA amplification were performed for strain characterization and identification, respectively, showing that the strain Cons002 is related to the genus Enterobacter sp. which has a single chromosome of 4.6 Mb and has no plasmids. Genomic library was constructed from DNA of Enterobacter sp. Cons002. A gene called opdE (Organophosphate Degradation from Enterobacter) consists of 753 bp and encodes a protein of 25 kDa, which was isolated using activity methods. This gene opdE had no similarity to any genes reported to degrade organophosphates. When kanamycin-resistance cassette was placed in the gene opdE, hydrolase activity was suppressed and Enterobacter sp. Cons002 had no growth with MP as a nutrients source.

Clinical emergency treatment of 68 critical patients with severe organophosphorus poisoning and prognosis analysis after rescue.

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Hui; Weng, Yi-Bing; Zhen, Gen-Shen; Li, Feng-Jie; Jin, Ai-Chun; Liu, Jie

2017-06-01

This study reports the clinical emergency treatment of 68 critical patients with severe organophosphorus poisoning, and analyzes the prognosis after rescue.The general data of 68 patients with severe organophosphorus poisoning treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into 2 groups: treatment group, and control group. Patients in the control group received routine emergency treatment, while patients in the treatment group additionally received hemoperfusion plus hemodialysis on the basis of routine emergency treatment. The curative effects in these 2 groups and the prognosis after rescue were compared.Compared with the control group, atropinization time, recovery time of cholinesterase activity, recovery time of consciousness, extubation time, and length of hospital stay were shorter (P poisoning rebound rate was significantly lower (P treatment group.Hemoperfusion and hemodialysis on the basis of routine emergency treatment for critical patients with organophosphorus poisoning can improve rescue outcomes and improve the prognosis of patients, which should be popularized.

LI PIRANDELLISMO DI BUZZATI (Prima Parte)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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generazione, di ogni tipo d'ispirazione, inclusi i cosiddetti scrittori cattolici quale ... fantasticheria: lettura de “Il borghese stregato” di Buzzati, “Lingua e letteratura”, V, 8, ... padre. Profondamente lirica diventa la rievocazione della madre, specie.

Cytotoxic activity and apoptosis-inducing potential of di-spiropyrrolidino and di-spiropyrrolizidino oxindole andrographolide derivatives.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sumit Kumar Dey

Full Text Available Anticancer role of andrographolide is well documented. To find novel potent derivatives with improved cytotoxicity than andrographolide on cancer cells, two series of di-spiropyrrolidino- and di-spiropyrrolizidino oxindole andrographolide derivatives prepared by cyclo-addition of azomethine ylide along with sarcosine or proline (viz. sarcosine and proline series respectively and substitution of different functional groups (-CH3, -OCH3 and halogens were examined for their cytotoxic effect on a panel of six human cancer cell lines (colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells, pancreatic carcinoma MiaPaCa-2 cells, hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, lung carcinoma A549 and melanoma A375 cells. Except halogen substituted derivatives of proline series (viz. CY2, CY14 and CY15 for Br, Cl and I substitution respectively, none of the other derivatives showed improved cytotoxicity than andrographolide in the cancer cell lines examined. Order of cytotoxicity of the potent compounds is CY2>CY14>CY15>andrographolide. Higher toxicity was observed in HCT116, MiaPaCa-2 and HepG2 cells. CY2, induced death of HCT116 (GI50 10.5, MiaPaCa-2 (GI50 11.2 and HepG2 (GI50 16.6 cells were associated with cell rounding, nuclear fragmentation and increased percentage of apoptotic cells, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, ROS generation, and involvement of mitochondrial pathway. Upregulation of Bax, Bad, p53, caspases-3,-9 and cleaved PARP; downregulation of Bcl-2, cytosolic NF-κB p65, PI3K and p-Akt; translocation of P53/P21, NF-κB p65 were seen in CY2 treated HCT116 cells. Thus, three halogenated di-spiropyrrolizidino oxindole derivatives of andrographolide are found to be more cytotoxic than andrographolide in some cancer cells. The most potent derivative, CY2 induced death of the cancer cells involves ROS dependent mitochondrial pathway like andrographolide.

Cytotoxic Activity and Apoptosis-Inducing Potential of Di-spiropyrrolidino and Di-spiropyrrolizidino Oxindole Andrographolide Derivatives

Science.gov (United States)

Hazra, Abhijit; Naskar, Subhendu; Nandy, Abhishek; Munda, Rudra Narayan; Das, Subhadip; Chatterjee, Nabanita; Mondal, Nirup Bikash; Banerjee, Sukdeb; Saha, Krishna Das

2013-01-01

Anticancer role of andrographolide is well documented. To find novel potent derivatives with improved cytotoxicity than andrographolide on cancer cells, two series of di-spiropyrrolidino- and di-spiropyrrolizidino oxindole andrographolide derivatives prepared by cyclo-addition of azomethine ylide along with sarcosine or proline (viz. sarcosine and proline series respectively) and substitution of different functional groups (-CH3, -OCH3 and halogens) were examined for their cytotoxic effect on a panel of six human cancer cell lines (colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells, pancreatic carcinoma MiaPaCa-2 cells, hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, lung carcinoma A549 and melanoma A375 cells). Except halogen substituted derivatives of proline series (viz. CY2, CY14 and CY15 for Br, Cl and I substitution respectively), none of the other derivatives showed improved cytotoxicity than andrographolide in the cancer cell lines examined. Order of cytotoxicity of the potent compounds is CY2>CY14>CY15>andrographolide. Higher toxicity was observed in HCT116, MiaPaCa-2 and HepG2 cells. CY2, induced death of HCT116 (GI50 10.5), MiaPaCa-2 (GI50 11.2) and HepG2 (GI50 16.6) cells were associated with cell rounding, nuclear fragmentation and increased percentage of apoptotic cells, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, ROS generation, and involvement of mitochondrial pathway. Upregulation of Bax, Bad, p53, caspases-3,-9 and cleaved PARP; downregulation of Bcl-2, cytosolic NF-κB p65, PI3K and p-Akt; translocation of P53/P21, NF-κB p65 were seen in CY2 treated HCT116 cells. Thus, three halogenated di-spiropyrrolizidino oxindole derivatives of andrographolide are found to be more cytotoxic than andrographolide in some cancer cells. The most potent derivative, CY2 induced death of the cancer cells involves ROS dependent mitochondrial pathway like andrographolide. PMID:23472133

Biological activity of 2,3-Di (quinolyl-2)-6-methyl quinoxaline

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ansar, N.; Kaban, S.; Ahmed, R.

2003-01-01

The biological activities of the nitrogen containing conjugated heterocyclic compounds are considerably used pharmaceutically as antiulcer, antimalarial, tubercluocidal and sedatives besides their uses as dyes in the textile industries, pesticides, stabilizers and inhibitors etc. 2.3-Di(quinolyl-2)-6-methyl quinoxaline was synthesized by condensation followed by ring closure reaction when 1,2-di(quinolyl-2)-1,2 ethanedione was treated with methyl and substituted o-phenylenediamine. (author)

Biological activity of 2,3-Di (quinolyl-2)-6-methyl quinoxaline

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ansar, N [Adamjee Government Science College, Karachi (Pakistan). Dept. of Chemistry; Kaban, S [Yildiz Technical Univ., Istanbul (Turkey). Dept. of Chemistry; Ahmed, R [University of Karachi, Karachi (Pakistan). Dept. of Chemistry

2003-06-01

The biological activities of the nitrogen containing conjugated heterocyclic compounds are considerably used pharmaceutically as antiulcer, antimalarial, tubercluocidal and sedatives besides their uses as dyes in the textile industries, pesticides, stabilizers and inhibitors etc. 2.3-Di(quinolyl-2)-6-methyl quinoxaline was synthesized by condensation followed by ring closure reaction when 1,2-di(quinolyl-2)-1,2 ethanedione was treated with methyl and substituted o-phenylenediamine. (author)

Comparative study on cleanup procedures for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvin, Chai Lian Kuet; Lau, Seng

2008-01-01

A study was carried out to compare the cleanup procedures for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables. Eleven organophosphorus pesticides were extracted with acetone and methylene chloride. Extracts were cleanup by solid-phase extraction (SPE) mixed-mode column using quaternary amine and aminopropyl (SAX/ NH 2 ) or octadecyl (C 18 ) sorbents. The pesticides were determined by gas chromatography with flame photometric detector. The recovery results obtained from the SPE SAX/ NH 2 and C 18 cleanups in carrot, cucumber and green mustard samples were in the range of 71.0 % to 115 %. Lower recoveries were obtained for polar pesticides, methamidophos and dimethoate. These results were compared to the method currently used in the laboratory which does not include any cleanup. (author)

Construction of genetically engineered bacteria that degrades organophosphorus pesticide residues and can be easily detected by the fluorescence.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Qin; Wang, Pan; Chen, Rui; Li, Wei; Wu, Yi-Jun

2014-01-01

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are widely used in agriculture and industry and there is increased concern about their toxicological effects in the environment. Bioremediation can offer an efficient and cost-effective option for the removal of OPs. Herein, we describe the construction of a genetically engineered microorganism (GEM) that can degrade OPs and be directly detected and monitored in the environment using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion strategy. The coding regions of EGFP, a reporter protein that can fluoresce by itself, and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), which has a broad substrate specificity and is able to hydrolyse a number of organophosphorus pesticides, were cloned into the expression vector pET-28b. The fusion protein of EGFP-OPH was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and the protein expression reached the highest level at 11 h after isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside induction. The fluorescence of the GEM was detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry and microscopy, and its ability to degrade OPs was determined by OPH activity assay. Those GEM that express the fusion protein (EGFP and OPH) exhibited strong fluorescence intensity and also potent hydrolase activity, which could be used to degrade organophosphorus pesticide residues in the environment and can also be directly monitored by fluorescence.

Preparation of Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides

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Ashish Gothwal

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Polyvinyl chloride (PVC can be used to develop reaction beaker which acts as electrochemical cell for the measurement of OP pesticides. Being chemically inert, corrosion resistant, and easy in molding to various shapes and size, PVC can be used for the immobilization of enzyme. Organophosphorus hydrolase was immobilized covalently onto the chemically activated inner surface of PVC beaker by using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. The carbon nanotubes paste working electrode was constructed for amperometric measurement at a potential of +0.8 V. The biosensor showed optimum response at pH 8.0 with incubation temperature of 40°C. Km and Imax for substrate (methyl parathion were 322.58 µM and 1.1 µA, respectively. Evaluation study showed a correlation of 0.985, which was in agreement with the standard method. The OPH biosensor lost 50% of its initial activity after its regular use for 25 times over a period of 50 days when stored in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 8.0 at 4°C. No interference was observed by interfering species.

Long Alkyl Chain Organophosphorus Coupling Agents for in Situ Surface Functionalization by Reactive Milling

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Annika Betke

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Innovative synthetic approaches should be simple and environmentally friendly. Here, we present the surface modification of inorganic submicrometer particles with long alkyl chain organophosphorus coupling agents without the need of a solvent, which makes the technique environmentally friendly. In addition, it is of great benefit to realize two goals in one step: size reduction and, simultaneously, surface functionalization. A top-down approach for the synthesis of metal oxide particles with in situ surface functionalization is used to modify titania with long alkyl chain organophosphorus coupling agents. A high energy planetary ball mill was used to perform reactive milling using titania as inorganic pigment and long alkyl chain organophosphorus coupling agents like dodecyl and octadecyl phosphonic acid. The final products were characterized by IR, NMR and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, thermal and elemental analysis as well as by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The process entailed a tribochemical phase transformation from the starting material anatase to a high-pressure modification of titania and the thermodynamically more stable rutile depending on the process parameters. Furthermore, the particles show sizes between 100 nm and 300 nm and a degree of surface coverage up to 0.8 mmol phosphonate per gram.

Calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum in the presence of organophosphorus insecticide methyl-parathion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blasiak, J.

1995-01-01

Using an isotope labelling technique it has been shown that an organophosphorus insecticide methyl parathion (0,0-diethyl 0-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate) depressed calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit hind leg muscle. The effect was significant for insecticide concentrations of 50 and 100 μM and was dose-dependent. The insecticide exerted a more pronounced effect on calcium uptake in the presence of ATP in the reticulum environment than in the absence of ATP. The inhibitory action of methyl parathion on Ca 2+ accumulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum can cause a rise in myoplasmic free Ca 2+ , the essential prerequisite for contracture activation. Because methyl parathion, as well as other organophosphorus insecticides, is primarily neurotoxic, evidence of non-specific effect could be important for assessing its environmental safety. (author). 20 refs, 2 figs

A portable liquid crystal-based polarized light system for the detection of organophosphorus nerve gas

Science.gov (United States)

He, Feng Jie; Liu, Hui Long; Chen, Long Cong; Xiong, Xing Liang

2018-03-01

Liquid crystal (LC)-based sensors have the advantageous properties of being fast, sensitive, and label-free, the results of which can be accessed directly only through the naked eye. However, the inherent disadvantages possessed by LC sensors, such as relying heavily on polarizing microscopes and the difficulty to quantify, have limited the possibility of field applications. Herein, we have addressed these issues by constructing a portable polarized detection system with constant temperature control. This system is mainly composed of four parts: the LC cell, the optics unit, the automatic temperature control unit, and the image processing unit. The LC cell was based on the ordering transitions of LCs in the presence of analytes. The optics unit based on the imaging principle of LCs was designed to substitute the polarizing microscope for the real-time observation. The image processing unit is expected to quantify the concentration of analytes. The results have shown that the presented system can detect dimethyl methyl phosphonate (a stimulant for organophosphorus nerve gas) within 25 s, and the limit of detection is about 10 ppb. In all, our portable system has potential in field applications.

Pharmacokinetics and effects on serum cholinesterase activities of organophosphorus pesticides acephate and chlorpyrifos in chimeric mice transplanted with human hepatocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Suemizu, Hiroshi; Sota, Shigeto; Kuronuma, Miyuki; Shimizu, Makiko; Yamazaki, Hiroshi

2014-11-01

Organophosphorus pesticides acephate and chlorpyrifos in foods have potential to impact human health. The aim of the current study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of acephate and chlorpyrifos orally administered at lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level doses in chimeric mice transplanted with human hepatocytes. Absorbed acephate and its metabolite methamidophos were detected in serum from wild type mice and chimeric mice orally administered 150mg/kg. Approximately 70% inhibition of cholinesterase was evident in plasma of chimeric mice with humanized liver (which have higher serum cholinesterase activities than wild type mice) 1day after oral administrations of acephate. Adjusted animal biomonitoring equivalents from chimeric mice studies were scaled to human biomonitoring equivalents using known species allometric scaling factors and in vitro metabolic clearance data with a simple physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Estimated plasma concentrations of acephate and chlorpyrifos in humans were consistent with reported concentrations. Acephate cleared similarly in humans and chimeric mice but accidental/incidental overdose levels of chlorpyrifos cleared (dependent on liver metabolism) more slowly from plasma in humans than it did in mice. The data presented here illustrate how chimeric mice transplanted with human hepatocytes in combination with a simple PBPK model can assist evaluations of toxicological potential of organophosphorus pesticides. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Physical and mechanical properties evaluation of Acropora palmata coralline species for bone substitution applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Alvarez, K; Camero, S; Alarcón, M E; Rivas, A; González, G

2002-05-01

The search for ideal materials for bone substitution has been a challenge for many decades. Numerous natural and synthetic materials have been studied. For this application, exoskeletons of coral have been considered a good alternative given its tendency to resorption, biocompatibility and similarity to the mineral bone phase. Very few studies of these materials consider a detailed analysis of the structure-property relationship. The purpose of this work was to carry out the microstructural characterization of a coralline species named Acropora palmata and the determination of the mechanical and physico-chemical properties. Measurements of hardness, compressive strength, bulk density and apparent porosity were performed. From these results it was determined that this marine coral species could be an alternative xenograft due to its mechanical properties and osteoconductive nature.

Fluid extraction using carbon dioxide and organophosphorus chelating agents

Science.gov (United States)

Smart, Neil G.; Wai, Chien M.; Lin, Yuehe; Kwang, Yak Hwa

1998-01-01

Methods for extracting metalloid and metal species from a solid or liquid material by exposing the material to a fluid solvent, particularly supercritical CO.sub.2, and a chelating agent are described. The chelating agent forms a chelate with the species, the chelate being soluble in the fluid to allow removal of the species from the material. In preferred embodiments the extraction solvent is supercritical CO.sub.2 and the chelating agent comprises an organophosphorous chelating agent, particularly sulfur-containing organophosphorous chelating agents, including mixtures of chelating agents. Examples of chelating agents include monothiophosphinic acid, di-thiophosphinic acid, phosphine sulfite, phosphorothioic acid, and mixtures thereof. The method provides an environmentally benign process for removing metal and metalloids from industrial waste solutions, particularly acidic solutions. Both the chelate and the supercritical fluid can be regenerated and the contaminant species recovered to provide an economic, efficient process.

Structures of metal complexes with anions of di(hydroxymethyl)phosphinic and di(chloromethyl)phosphinic acids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sergienko, V.S.; Aleksandrov, G.G.

2001-01-01

The structural peculiarities of the different metals [Cu, Ni, rare earths (La, Nd, Er, Lu), Ag, Li, Na, Sr] with anions of di-substituted monophosphonic acids - di(hydroxymethyl) phosphonic acid (HOCH 2 ) 2 PO 2 - (L 1 ) and di(chloromethyl) phosphonic acid (ClCH 2 ) 2 PO 2 - (L 2 ), and the methods of coordinating ligands L 1 and L 2 with these metals were viewed. Coordination number of metal decreases from eight in the case of La, Nd to seven for Er, and further to six for Lu with decreasing size of rare earth element. M-O bond lengths decrease the same way. The LiL 2 · H 2 O structure was determined, Li atom shows tetrahedron coordination by three oxygen atoms of the three ligands L 2 and atom O(ω) of water molecule. The ligand L 1 are acting as a tetradentate chelate μ 3 -bridge function in the structure of the Sr(L 1 ) 2 compound. The interval of Sr-O distances comprises 2.521 - 2.683 A [ru

Presenza di Istrice Hystrix cristata negli argini fluviali: problematiche ed esperienze in provincia di Perugia

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Luca Convito

2003-10-01

Full Text Available A seguito di danneggiamento di argini fluviali da parte dell?Istrice Hystrix cristata, si è richiesto al Ministero dell?Ambiente il necessario parere alla cattura e traslocazione della specie da tutti i reticoli fluviali in cui si sono avute segnalazioni. Tra novembre 2001 e ottobre 2002 sono state organizzate tre campagne di contenimento nelle seguenti aree: A Alto Tevere umbro; B Lago Trasimeno; C Valle Umbra. Inizialmente sono state adoperate trappole-galleria per Nutria (N, poi integrate o sostituite con modelli appositamente realizzati per Istrice (Is. A danno: otto sistemi di cunicoli in 618 m di argine a ridosso di coltivazioni; periodo d?intervento: 12/XI-19/XII 2001; operatori: n. 2; trappole: n. 10-N; esca: mais, poi mela; notti trappola totale: n. 168; risultato cattura: n. 2 istrici (3,15 ind./mese e n. 1 Nutria (Myocastor coypus; B danno: tre sistemi di cunicoli in 1.540 m di argine pensile; periodo d?intervento: 01/II-17/III 2002; operatori: n. 2; trappole utilizzate: n. 10-Is ?ghigliottina? + n. 1- Is ?modificata?; esca: mela, poi granaglie; notti trappola totale.: n. 224; risultato cattura: n. 7 istrici (4,03 ind./mese e n. 6 nutrie; C danno: oltre venti sistemi di cunicoli in 21.050 m di argini pensili; periodo intervento: 25/VI-25/X 2002; operatori: n.1; trappole: n. 7-Is ?modificate? + n. 9-N; esca: granaglie; notti trappola tot.: n. 641; risultato cattura: n. 1 Istrice (0,4 ind./mese e n. 1 Gatto domestico. Catturando 3-4 ind./mese, si è riusciti a difendere argini ?sensibili? dalla minaccia degli istrici. Determinante è risultato il traslocamento di animali adulti, più legati dei giovani ad un particolare sito e restii pertanto ad abbandonarlo anche se disturbati. Dalle aree A e B sono stati spostati rispettivamente due e tre adulti e, anche se la specie è ancora presente, i punti ?critici? di tali corsi d?acqua non hanno presentato altri problemi. I risultati migliori (sito B si sono ottenuti con l

Synergistic solvent extraction investigation of Am (III), Eu (III), Zn(II), and Cs(I), using 2-heptyl-2-methyl-nonanoic acid mixed with different organophosphorus compounds from nitrate media. Vol. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El-Naggar, H A; Ramadan, A; Abdel-Fattah, A [Nuclear Chemistry Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt)

1996-03-01

Extraction studies for investigating the effect of mixing 2-heptyl-2-methyl nonanoic acid (HA) with a number of organophosphorus compounds; namely tributyl phosphate (TBP), terphenyl phosphate oxide (TPPO); tri octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) or bis-2-(ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in benzene on the extraction of trace elements Am(III), Eu(III), Zn(II), and Cs(I) from nitrate media of ionic strength, I=0.1 M were carried out. The effect of adding different organophosphorus compounds to HA was tested to account for the presence or absence of the phenomenon of synergism. It was found that TBP, TPPO, and TOPO causing some antagonistic effects for the elements studied. Extraction enhancement was only observed with bis- (2-ethyl-hexyl) -phosphoric acid (HDEHP) for all the elements investigated. The extraction mechanisms as well as the thermodynamic parameters for the mixed extracted species are discussed. 19 figs.

Synergistic solvent extraction investigation of Am (III), Eu (III), Zn(II), and Cs(I), using 2-heptyl-2-methyl-nonanoic acid mixed with different organophosphorus compounds from nitrate media. Vol. 3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Naggar, H.A.; Ramadan, A.; Abdel-Fattah, A.

1996-01-01

Extraction studies for investigating the effect of mixing 2-heptyl-2-methyl nonanoic acid (HA) with a number of organophosphorus compounds; namely tributyl phosphate (TBP), terphenyl phosphate oxide (TPPO); tri octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) or bis-2-(ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in benzene on the extraction of trace elements Am(III), Eu(III), Zn(II), and Cs(I) from nitrate media of ionic strength, I=0.1 M were carried out. The effect of adding different organophosphorus compounds to HA was tested to account for the presence or absence of the phenomenon of synergism. It was found that TBP, TPPO, and TOPO causing some antagonistic effects for the elements studied. Extraction enhancement was only observed with bis- (2-ethyl-hexyl) -phosphoric acid (HDEHP) for all the elements investigated. The extraction mechanisms as well as the thermodynamic parameters for the mixed extracted species are discussed. 19 figs

RESEARCH OF HEAVY METALS, ORGANOCHLORINE AND ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES IN POWDERED INFANT FORMULA

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M.C. Abete

2009-02-01

Full Text Available During the period between october 2007 and november 2008 were collected 60 samples of powdered infant formula. The analysis for the detection of heavy metals, organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides show that the environmental situation is under control and powdered infant formula satisfies this health requisite.

Studio della frazione flavonoidica di specie vegetali del genere Huperzia

OpenAIRE

Ponce Zea, Jorge Eduardo

2012-01-01

Ad oggi il principale scopo delle ricerche nel campo dei prodotti naturali continua ad essere quello di trovare molecole (metaboliti secondari) che abbiano un impiego medico-farmaceutico. Poco più di 3569 anni fa, nel 1804 Friedrich Sertürner isolò la prima molecola pura farmacologicamente attiva derivante da una pianta: la morfina. Questo diede inizio ad un'era in cui i farmaci potevano essere purificati, studiati, e somministrati in dosi precise.

The application of green chemistry methods in organophosphorus synthesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Odinets, Irina L; Matveeva, E V

2012-01-01

Data concerning the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds in ionic liquids, in water and under solvent-free conditions are considered and summarized. It is shown that this strategy, which complies with the definition of green chemistry, has advantages in terms of the rate of the process and the yields of target products as compared with syntheses in common organic solvents. The Wittig, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons, Kabachnik–Fields, Arbuzov and Michaelis reactions are considered as examples. The bibliography includes 178 references.

Poisoning of raptors with organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides with emphasis on Canada, U.S. and U.K.

Science.gov (United States)

Mineau, P.; Fletcher, M.R.; Glaser, L.C.; Thomas, N.J.; Brassard, C.; Wilson, L.K.; Elliott, J.E.; Lyon, L.A.; Henny, C.J.; Bollinger, T.; Porter, S.L.

1999-01-01

We reviewed cases of raptor mortality resulting from cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. We compiled records from the U.S., U.K. and Canada for the period 1985-95 (520 incidents) and surveyed the relevant literature to identify the main routes of exposure and those products that led to the greatest number of poisoning cases. A high proportion of cases in the U.K. resulted from abusive uses of pesticides (willful poisoning). The proportion was smaller in North America where problems with labeled uses of pesticides were as frequent as abuse cases. Poisoning resulting from labeled use was possible with a large number of granular pesticides and some seed treatments through secondary poisoning or through the ingestion of contaminated invertebrates, notably earthworms. With the more toxic products, residue levels in freshly-sprayed insects were high enough to cause mortality. The use of organophosphorus products as avicides and for the topical treatment of livestock appeared to be common routes of intoxication. The use of insecticides in dormant oils also gave rise to exposure that can be lethal or which can debilitate birds and increase their vulnerability. A few pesticides of high toxicity were responsible for the bulk of poisoning cases. Based on limited information, raptors appeared to be more sensitive than other bird species to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Some of the more significant risk factors that resulted in raptor poisonings were: insectivory and vermivory; opportunistic taking of debilitated prey; scavenging, especially if the gastrointestinal tracts are consumed; presence in agricultural areas; perceived status as pest species; and flocking or other gregarious behavior at some part of their life cycle. Lethal or sublethal poisoning should always be considered in the diagnosis of dead or debilitated raptors even when another diagnosis (e.g., electrocution, car or building strike) is apparent. Many cases of poisoning are not currently

Retrodatazioni di viaggio

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Mario Piotti

2013-07-01

Full Text Available La letteratura di viaggio, in specie quella sette-ottocentesca, presenta, tra molteplici motivi di interesse, ricchi spunti di indagine anche per la storia della lingua e certamente non è il minore quello relativo agli aspetti lessicali. Nell’articolo non si intende dare una descrizione lessicale completa dei testi odeporici esaminati, ma più limitatamente si presenta una serie cospicua di retrodatazioni e datazioni di parole raccolte in quei testi e quindi ricercate, così allargando lo spettro testuale oltre i limiti della letteratura periegetica, attraverso Google libri. Ma nonostante questo parziale spostamento di sguardo, le schede seguenti continuano a documentare la ricchezza del lessico dell’odeporica: termini scientifici, storici, stranierismi e regionalismi ben testimoniano la varia curiosità dei viaggiatori.  Backdating through travelsSeventeenth and eighteenth century travel literature features, among many points of interest, ideas for researching the history of the language, especially lexical aspects. The article does not intend to give a complete lexical description of the odeporic texts examined, but is limited to a substantial number of backdatings and datings of words collected in those texts, thusgoing beyond the limits of textual periegetic literature, through Google books. Despite this partial shift of attention, we continue to document the richness of odeporic vocabulary: scientifically, historically, through foreign terms and regionalisms, bearing witness to the varied curiosity of travelers.

Studio e conservazione di una colonia riproduttiva di Myotis emarginatus in Toscana

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Paolo Agnelli

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Myotis emarginatus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae utilizza frequentemente gli edifici come rifugio estivo, sia per il riposo diurno che per la riproduzione. Negli anni 1996-2003, nel corso di indagini faunistiche sul territorio toscano, questa specie è stata rilevata nel 26% dei casi su 76 edifici rurali risultati occupati da pipistrelli e rappresenta ben il 50% degli esemplari rilevati. Il numero di esemplari di M. emarginatus in tali rifugi varia da 1 a 150 animali. Un edificio però può rendersi facilmente indisponibile per modificazioni nell?utilizzo da parte dell?uomo: ma cosa succede agli animali che si trovano improvvisamente senza casa? E quanto si può accrescere annualmente una colonia quando non viene disturbata? Nel 1997 nella Riserva Naturale Provinciale di Ponte a Buriano e Penna (AR, rilevammo una colonia riproduttiva di Myotis emarginatus stimata in circa 60 esemplari. Il rifugio estivo utilizzato fino al 2002 è costituito da una casa disabitata. Confrontando le stime effettuate dal 1997 al 2001 possiamo valutare l?accrescimento numerico della colonia: a partire dai circa 60 animali si è raggiunta la consistenza di 75 esemplari nel 2001, ossia circa il 25% in 5 anni (5% annuo di media. I conteggi sono stati effettuati a vista da almeno 3 persone, da breve distanza e in buona luce, ma poiché in questa specie gli esemplari si appendono alle travi addossandosi uno sopra l?altro, è impossibile effettuare un vero conteggio. Nell?estate 2001 abbiamo condotto una ricerca più accurata sull?utilizzo del rifugio: dai rilievi di un rilevatore di passaggio all?infrarosso e soprattutto dalle riprese di una videocamera, risulta che il numero degli esemplari era stato fortemente sottostimato: gli esemplari erano, infatti, ben 150 (femmine, ossia il doppio di quanto stimato sia pure in condizioni favorevoli. A Giugno (2001 abbiamo registrato la nascita di 101 piccoli, il cui tasso di mortalità prima dell

[Determination of 44 organophosphorus pesticides in food by SPE disk extraction-capillary gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection].

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Xiao-Fei; Yang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng-Jun

2012-01-01

To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of 44 organophosphorus pesticides in food by SPE disk extraction-capillary gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection. Organophosphorus pesticides in food were extracted ultrasonically with water. Then the extract was cleaned-up with SPE disk and eluted with ethyl acetate. Finally the eluent was condensed to 1mL under N2 at 55 degrees C. Gas chromatography was applied for quantitative detection of the organophosphorus pesticides in the sample. The linear range of the method for all the pesticides were in the range of 0.01-0.5 mg/kg with correlation coefficients of 0.992-1.000. The detection limits of the method were in the range of 0.0005-0.01 mg/kg. The recoveries for most pesticides were 60%-120% with relative standard deviations of less than 15%. The method is simple, sensitive, environmentally friendly and suitable for the determination of organophosphorous pesticides in food.

Determination of Twenty Organophosphorus Pesticides in Wheat Samples from Different Regions of Iran

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Attaollah Shakoori *

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background: Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used in agriculture, homes, gardens, and veterinary practices. Extensive application of pesticides in agriculture often results in residues of these compounds being absorbed into the foods, including wheat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residue levels of 20 organophosphorus pesticides in wheat samples collected from different regions of Iran. Methods: This research reports a rapid, specific and sensitive multiresidue method based on the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS sample preparation method and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in the selected ion monitoring mode (GC–SIM–MS to evaluate 20 organophosphorus pesticides in wheat samples. Results: In the concentration range of 20-200 ng/g, the calibration curves for each analyte was linear with a determination coefficient (R2 of 0.993 to 0.999. The limits of detection (LODs and quantitation (LOQs were between 2.5-6.7 and 7.5-20 ng/g, respectively. The mean recoveries obtained for three fortification levels (25, 50 and 100 ng/g, five replicates each were 80-114% with a satisfactory precision (RSD<20%. 31.1% samples contained residues of one or more target compounds. Chlorpyrifos was the most common residue (17.8%, followed by pirimiphos-methyl (6.7%, diazinon (4.4%, chlorpyrifos-methyl (1.1% and malathion (1.1%. Conclusion: Among the detected pesticides, only diazinon and malathion are permitted pesticides for wheat production in Iran. However, their concentrations were below the maximum residue levels (MRLs established by the Iranian National Standard Organization (INSO.

Micromammiferi del Parco Regionale di Monte Cucco (Perugia

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A.M. Paci

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Il M.te Cucco, situato sull?Appennino umbro-marchigiano settentrionale ma compreso interamente nella provincia di Perugia, per le sue peculiarità naturalistiche è stato dichiarato nel 1995 Parco Naturale Regionale (L.R. 9/95. Molti sono i lavori di valenza scientifica o divulgativa sulle emergenze geo-paleontologiche, floristiche, entomologiche e paesaggistiche di questo massiccio. Da alcuni anni si conducono ricerche ornitologiche e teriologiche, ma per i micromammiferi mancano ancora indagini mirate. Il contributo cerca di fare un primo punto sulla ricchezza della microteriofauna dell?intero ambito protetto e di fornire, al contempo, nuovi dati sulla posizione zoogeografica di alcune specie. La raccolta di informazioni si è rivolta unicamente all?annotazione di vari elementi di presenza (da avvistamento diretto, boli, carcasse, tane, resti di pasto, bibliografia a partire dall?anno 2000. I dati collezionati hanno accertato: 1 Erinaceus europaeus; 2 Sorex minutus; 3 S. samniticus; 4 Crocidura leucodon; 5 C. suaveolens; 6 Suncus etruscus; 7 T. caeca; 8 Talpa europaea; 9 Sciurus vulgaris; 10 Clethrionomys glareolus; 11 Microtus savii; 12 A. flavicollis; 13 Apodemus sylvaticus; 14 Rattus norvegicus; 15 Mus domesticus; 16 Glis glis; 17 Muscardinus avellanarius; 18 Eliomys quercinus. Interessante la presenza di quasi tutti gli Insectivora del centro Italia, alcuni dei quali a diffusione regionale poco conosciuta quali Sorex minutus e Talpa caeca. Quest?ultima, per ecologia e rarità, può essere considerata tra gli elementi faunistici qualificanti la natura dello stesso Parco nel quale, oltre i 1000 m. s.l.m., è risultata in parapatria con Talpa europaea. Anche qui, come in altre località della provincia di Perugia, sono stati trovati crani di

I materiali della collezione Altobello del Museo di Zoologia dell'Università di Bologna 1. Mammiferi

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Dino Scaravelli

1994-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Materials of Altobello collection in the Zoological Museum, University of Bologna 1. Mammals - Mammals of Altobello Collection of the Zoologica1 Museum, University of Bologna, are listed. 165 stuffed specimens of 26 species are now present, coming from Central Italy (years 1889 - 1929. Only a specimens of Sciurus vulgaris coming from Tuscany is not comprised in the "Catalogo manoscritto della fauna dell'Abruzzo e del Molise" of the Author. Riassunto Sono passati in rassegna i Mammiferi della Collezione Altobello presenti nel Museo di Zoologia dell'Università di Bologna. 165 esemplari naturalizzati appartenenti a 26 specie e provenienti dal centro Italia (anni 1889 - 1929 sono attualmente presenti. Solo un esemplare di Sciurus vulgaris proveniente dalla Toscana non fa parte del "Catalogo manoscritto della fauna dell'Abruzzo e del Molise" dell'Autore.

Tracing organophosphorus and brominated flame retardants and plasticizers in an estuarine food web

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brandsma, S.H.; Leonards, P.E.G.; Leslie, H.A.; de Boer, J.

2015-01-01

Nine organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) were detected in a pelagic and benthic food web of the Western Scheldt estuary, The Netherlands. Concentrations of several PFRs were an order of magnitude higher than those of the brominated flame retardants (BFRs). However, the detection frequency of

Divergent effects of postmortem ambient temperature on organophosphorus- and carbamate-inhibited brain cholinesterase activity in birds

Science.gov (United States)

Hill, E.F.

1989-01-01

Time- and temperature-dependent postmortem changes in inhibited brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity may confound diagnosis of field poisoning of wildlife by anticholinesterase pesticide. Carbamate-inhibited ChE activity may return to normal within 1 to 2 days of exposure of intact carcass to moderate ambient temperature (18-32C). Organophosphorus-inhibited ChE activity becomes more depressed over the same time. Uninhibited ChE activity was resilient to above freezing temperature to 32C for 1 day and 25C for 3 days. Carbamate- and organophosphorus-inhibited ChE can be separated by incubation of homogenate for 1 hour at physiological temperatures; carbamylated ChE can be readily reactivated while phosphorylated ChE cannot.

Proposta di utilizzo di metodologie termografiche per il controllo di qualità di componenti meccanici

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Roberto D’Andrea

2010-04-01

Full Text Available In base all’esperienza maturata in anni di sperimentazione sull’analisi delle caratteristiche meccaniche dei materiali mediante indagine termografica, nel presente lavoro è proposta una procedura per il controllo di qualità di componenti meccanici in linea di produzione, che è già stata argomento di brevetto. Lo sviluppo di questo lavoro si colloca nell’ambito del progetto FIRB Smart Reflex “Sistemi di produzione intelligenti, flessibili e riconfigurabili”. L’attività svolta dal DIIM riguarda il controllo avanzato dell’affidabilità di componenti meccanici per l’industria automobilistica. Viene proposta, quindi, la realizzazione di una cella di controllo in linea di produzione capace di valutare la presenza di eventuali componenti difettosi attraverso l’analisi termica degli stessi, sollecitati secondo un modello predefinito. L’attività, svolta in questa prima fase in laboratorio, è facilmente trasferibile in linea di produzione, considerando la possibilità di realizzare celle di prova in ambiente controllato, con condizioni praticamente identiche a quelle di laboratorio, eliminando gli effetti di disturbo che possono influenzare la risposta dell’indagine termografica in ambiente non strutturato.

A single amino-acid substitution toggles chloride dependence of the alpha-amylase paralog amyrel in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis species.

Science.gov (United States)

Claisse, Gaëlle; Feller, Georges; Bonneau, Magalie; Da Lage, Jean-Luc

2016-08-01

In animals, most α-amylases are chloride-dependent enzymes. A chloride ion is required for allosteric activation and is coordinated by one asparagine and two arginine side chains. Whereas the asparagine and one arginine are strictly conserved, the main chloride binding arginine is replaced by a glutamine in some rare instances, resulting in the loss of chloride binding and activation. Amyrel is a distant paralogue of α-amylase in Diptera, which was not characterized biochemically to date. Amyrel shows both substitutions depending on the species. In Drosophila melanogaster, an arginine is present in the sequence but in Drosophila virilis, a glutamine occurs at this position. We have investigated basic enzymological parameters and the dependence to chloride of Amyrel of both species, produced in yeast, and in mutants substituting arginine to glutamine or glutamine to arginine. We found that the amylolytic activity of Amyrel is about thirty times weaker than the classical Drosophila α-amylase, and that the substitution of the arginine by a glutamine in D. melanogaster suppressed the chloride-dependence but was detrimental to activity. In contrast, changing the glutamine into an arginine rendered D. virilis Amyrel chloride-dependent, and interestingly, significantly increased its catalytic efficiency. These results show that the chloride ion is not mandatory for Amyrel but stimulates the reaction rate. The possible phylogenetic origin of the arginine/glutamine substitution is also discussed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Derivatives of Dodecahalo-Closo-Dodecaborate Di-Anion

OpenAIRE

Avelar, Amy Cindy

2009-01-01

ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATIONDerivatives of the Dodecahalo-Closo-Dodecaborate Di-AnionbyAmy AvelarDoctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in ChemistryUniversity of California, Riverside, December 2009Dr. Christopher A. Reed, ChairpersonThe di-anion, dodecahalo-closo-dodecaborate, B12X122-, where the X = Cl or Br, has been determined to be a useful weakly coordinating anion, WCA. Despite the di- negative charge, several elusive and reactive cationic species were stabilized with B12X122- as the c...

Synthesis and properties of di- and trinitrobenzyl substituted pyridine derivates. The paper is supposed to be published in the special issue of the ESOR XII 2009 meeting in Haifa. Editor of the issue is Amnon Stanger

OpenAIRE

2010-01-01

Abstract A new method to obtain di- and trinitrobenzyl substituted pyridines is presented. By systematic variation of reaction parameters the reaction conditions were optimized. The novel synthesis circumvents the commonly used nitration of benzyl pyridines, and thus avoids the nitration of the heterocycle which is a common side reaction. Furthermore, the starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of photochromic nitrobenzyl pyridines are easily accessible. The half-lifes of...

Osmoregulatory function in ducks following ingestion of the organophosphorus insecticide fenthion

Science.gov (United States)

Rattner, B.A.; Fleming, W.J.; Murray, H.C.

1983-01-01

Salt gland function and osmoregulation in aquatic birds drinking hyperosmotic water has been suggested to be impaired by organophosphorus insecticides. To test this hypothesis, adult black ducks (Anas rubripes) were provided various regimens of fresh or salt (1.5% NaCl) water before, during, and after ingestion of mash containing 21 ppm fenthion. Ducks were bled by jugular venipuncture after I, 7. and 12 days of treatment, and were then killed. Brain and salt gland acetylcholinesterase activities were substantially inhibited (44-61% and 14-36%) by fenthion. However, salt gland weight and Na + -K + -ATPase activity, and plasma Na + , CI- , and osmolality, were uniformly elevated in all groups receiving salt water including those ingesting fenthion. In a second study, salt gland Na + -K + -ATPase activity in mallards (A. platyrhynchos) was not affected after in vitro incubation with either fenthion or fenthion oxon at concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 400 ?M, but was reduced in the presence of 40 and 400 ?M DDE (positive control). These findings suggest that environmentally realistic concentrations of organophosphorus insecticides do not markedly affect osmoregulatory function in adult black ducks.

Population dynamics of toxic phytoplankton and bacterial flora in the waters of the low Adriatic sea; Dinamica di popolazione di fitoplancton tossico e flora batterica nel basso Adriatico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caroppo, C.; Stabili, L.; Cavallo, R.A.; Pastore, M. [CNR, Ist. Sperimentale Talassografico Attlio Cerruti, Taranto (Italy); Marchiori, E. [Rome Univ., Rome (Italy). Dipt. di Chimica Organica; Bruno, M. [Istituto Superiore di Sanita' , Laboratorio di Igiene Ambientale, Rome (Italy)

2000-07-01

The coastal areas of the Southern Adriatic Sea, in particular the Apulian ones, may be considered an example of intact ecosystem and represent an ideal term of comparison to other marine ecosystems having higher levels of pollution (Northern Adriatic Sea). In order to evaluate the sanitary levels of this environment, four transect were investigated during two years monitoring (April 1995-March 1997) along the Otranto Channel coasts, by joint research groups of the Environmental Hygiene Laboratory of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita' and the Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico A. Cerruti of CNR in Taranto. The study underlines the phytoplanktic and bacterial population dynamics, and the detection of the microbiological water quality along the coast tract Brindisi-Lecce-Otranto-S. Maria di Leuca. The results acquired pointed out population dynamics of some potantially toxic species of Dinophysis genus and Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima. These depended on the winter nutrient loads due to the ASW (Adriatic Superficial Waters) and to the LIW (Levantine Intermediate Waters). The bacterial community was mainly constituted by genera Aeromonas, Photobacterium, Cytophaga and Pseudomonas. Also the presence of Enterobacteriaceae family was relevant. Among the pathogenic vibrios the most frequently isolated species were Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. [Italian] Considerando che le zone del basso Adriatico, in particolare quelle pugliesi, costituiscono un biotopo ancora relativamente inalterato, esse sono state oggetto di un'indagine sperimentale condotta in 24 mesi di attivita' (aprile 1995-marzo 1997) lungo le coste del Canale di Otranto, ad opera di un gruppo congiunto del Laboratorio di Igiene Ambientale dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita' e dei laboratori dell'Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico A. Cerruti del CNR di Taranto, ai fini di valutare lo stato di salute di questo ambiente, che fornisce, con buona probabilita', un

Endogenous cueing attenuates object substitution masking.

Science.gov (United States)

Germeys, Filip; Pomianowska, I; De Graef, P; Zaenen, P; Verfaillie, K

2010-07-01

Object substitution masking (OSM) is a form of visual masking in which a briefly presented target surrounded by four small dots is masked by the continuing presence of the four dots after target offset. A major parameter in the prediction of OSM is the time required for attention to be directed to the target following its onset. Object substitution theory (Di Lollo et al. in J Exp Psychol Gen 129:481-507, 2000) predicts that the sooner attention can be focused at the target's location, the less masking will ensue. However, recently Luiga and Bachmann (Psychol Res 71:634-640, 2007) presented evidence that precueing of attention to the target location prior to target-plus-mask onset by means of a central (endogenous) arrow cue does not reduce OSM. When attention was cued exogenously, OSM was attenuated. Based on these results, Luiga and Bachmann argued that object substitution theory should be adapted by differentiating the ways of directing attention to the target location. The goal of the present study was to further examine the dissociation between the effects of endogenous and exogenous precueing on OSM. Contrary to Luiga and Bachmann, our results show that prior shifts of attention to the target location initiated by both exogenous and endogenous cues reduce OSM as predicted by object substitution theory and its computational model CMOS.

Immobilization of Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase Mutant Y212F on Silica Nanospheres

Science.gov (United States)

2016-09-01

wild type organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) for activity on G-type chemical nerve agents and observed increased activity on the most- toxic ...eventual use in determining particle-binding efficiency and enzymatic activity ..................................................4 5. Fluoride assay...7 TABLES 1. Results of Fluoride Release Assay from DFP Testing of Y212F Enzyme, before and after Conjugation to

Separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides with some substituted oligopyridines and triazines in synergy with 2-bromodecanoic acid. (Presented at the International Solvent Extraction Conference, July 1999 in Barcelona)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Enarsson, Aa.; Spjuth, L.; Liljenzin, J.O.; Kaellvenius, G.

2000-01-01

The separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides with some substituted oligopyridines and triazines in synergy with 2-bromodecanoic acid was studied. All ligands, except the quinolinyl-derivatives, showed high metal extraction and good separation factors for trivalent actinides over lanthanides. The substituted di-pyridyltriazines and the quaterpyridine showed the highest distribution ratios and quater- and quinquepyridine the highest separation factors, at low nitric acid concentration. The basicity of the different ligands were determined by non-aqueous titration in acetonitrile media and was related to the metal extraction. The substituted di-pyridyltriazines, which showed the highest metal extraction also showed the lowest basicity

Caratterizzazione genetica di alcune popolazioni di cinghiale (Sus scrofa dell'Italia meridionale

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M.F. Caliendo

2003-10-01

liberi, che probabilmente rappresentano popolazioni più omogenee. Tra le popolazioni in cui l?ibridazione col maiale sembra maggiore figurano quelle di Padula e Cerreta Cognole (allevamenti, insieme alle popolazioni di Sacco, Monteverde e Baronissi (individui liberi. La sola popolazione di Cuccaro Vetere presenta individui marcatamente assegnabili al genotipo cinghiale (Castelporziano. Data la grande diversificazione delle popolazioni di cinghiale (libere e allevate si ritiene necessaria una caratterizzazione più estesa e basata su tecniche molecolari prima di effettuare un programma di gestione rivolto a questa specie.

Increased fetal endocardial echogenicity mimicking endocardial fibroelastosis following maternal organophosphorus poisoning and its complete regression in utero

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balakumar, Karippaliyil; Misha, Kannan; Milind, Karippaliyil

2013-01-01

Fetal endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) has been diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography in the past few years. A typical case of isolated endocardial fibroelastosis is illustrated here, in a fetus of 22 weeks of gestational age exposed to maternal organophosphorus poisoning at 20 weeks. No other structural cardiac or other systemic anomalies were detected in this fetus. The abnormal fetal echocardiographic features mimicking endocardial fibroelastosis completely regressed after 14 weeks and a normal full-term baby was delivered. Postnatal echocardiogram showed normal cardiac parameters. The diagnostic features mimicking EFE following maternal organophosphorus poisoning at 20 weeks of gestational age and the subsequent complete reversal of these changes after 14 weeks of diagnosis are reported for the first time in the literature

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Based Detection and Quantitation of Cellular c-di-GMP.

Science.gov (United States)

Petrova, Olga E; Sauer, Karin

2017-01-01

The modulation of c-di-GMP levels plays a vital role in the regulation of various processes in a wide array of bacterial species. Thus, investigation of c-di-GMP regulation requires reliable methods for the assessment of c-di-GMP levels and turnover. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis has become a commonly used approach to accomplish these goals. The following describes the extraction and HPLC-based detection and quantification of c-di-GMP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa samples, a procedure that is amenable to modifications for the analysis of c-di-GMP in other bacterial species.

HASIL TANGKAP SAMPINGAN (HTS KAPAL RAWAI TUNA DI SAMUDERA HINDIA YANG BERBASIS DI BENOA

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Bram Setyadji

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Hasil tangkap sampingan (HTS hampir terdapat pada semua jenis perikanan tangkap di Indonesia, termasuk pada perikanan rawai tuna di Samudera Hindia. Kebanyakan jenis HTS merupakan spesies yang tidak diinginkan atau jenis ikan target tapi ukurannya di bawah standar yang diinginkan (yuwana atau ikan muda dan pada kasus tertentu merupakan jenis ikan yang terancam keberadaannya (Endangered species. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang komposisi hasil tangkap sampingan, laju pancing dan hubungan antara tuna dengan ikan yang berasosiasi dengannya pada area penangkapan yang sama. Pengamatan dilakukan pada bulan Maret – Juli 2010 dengan mengikuti kegiatan operasi penangkapan 2 kapal rawai tuna komersial yang berbasis di Pelabuhan Benoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 18 jenis hasil tangkap sampingan yang  didominasi dari family Alepisauridae; ikan naga (Alepisaurus sp.; Gempylidae; ikan gindara (oilfish, dan Dasyatidae; pari lumpur (Dasyatis spp.. Jenis ikan lain adalah ikan paruh panjang (billfish, berbagai jenis cucut dan pari, ikan teleostei, serta penyu lekang. Kebanyakan dari hasil tangkap sampingan merupakan by-product yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi kecuali jenis ikan naga dan pari lumpur yang merupakan discard/buangan.   By-catch products are mostly available in every kind of capture fisheries in Indonesia including tuna longline fisheries in Indian Ocean. Most of these are unwanted species or juvenile target fish, sometimes endangered species. The research intended to reveal the by-catch from tuna fisheries and its relationship between tuna and its associate in the same fishing ground. Surveillance was conducted on March – July, 2010 by following two commercial tuna longliners vessel based in Port of Benoa. The result showed that there were 18 by-catch species that managed to be retrieved and indentified, family Alepisauridae; lancetfish (Alepisaurus sp.; Gempylidae; oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus, and

Monoclonal antibody-based broad-specificity immunoassay for monitoring organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples

Science.gov (United States)

The extensive use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in agriculture and domestic settings can result in widespread water contamination. The development of easy-to-use and rapid-screening immunoassay methods in a class-selective manner is a topic of considerable environmental interest. In this wo...

Taratura di un 'apparecchiatura per misura di piccole percentuali di uranio in soluzione acida di acqua distillata

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d. Diana

1965-06-01

Full Text Available Si descrive una tecnica elio permette di misurare ilnumero di atomi di Uranio di una soluzione, con un errore non superioreal 10%.Il sistema consiste in un tubo di Geiger (Philips 18503 sistemato inun contenitore di vetro nel quale viene diluita una certa quantità di peso dinitrato di Uranile, misurato con una precisione migliore dell'1%. Al variaredella diluizione si registra il numero di particelle che il Geiger conta, e quindisi riporta in grafico. Da questi per diverse quantità di sale sciolto si determinala retta di taratura.

Innovative approach for the electrochemical detection of non-electroactive organophosphorus pesticides using oxime as electroactive probe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong, Jing; Hou, Juying; Jiang, Jianxia; Ai, Shiyun

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Novel approach for electrochemical detection of non-electroactive OPs was proposed. • PAM was used as electroactive probe for the first time. • The detection system displayed high sensitivity and promptness. • The developed sensor was used in real samples with satisfactory results. - Abstract: An innovative approach for sensitive and simple electrochemical detection of non-electroactive organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) was described in this report. The novel strategy emphasized the fabrication of an oxime-based sensor via attaching pralidoxime (PAM) on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) modified glassy carbon electrode. The introduction of GQDs significantly increased the effective electrode area, and then enlarged the immobilization quantity of PAM. Thus, the oxidation current of PAM was obviously increased. Relying on the nucleophilic substitution reaction between oxime and OPs, fenthion was detected using PAM as the electroactive probe. Under optimum conditions, the difference of oxidation current of PAM was proportional to fenthion concentration over the range from 1.0 × 10 −11 M to 5.0 × 10 −7 M with a detection limit of 6.8 × 10 −12 M (S/N = 3). Moreover, the favorable detection performance in water and soil samples heralded the promising applications in on-site OPs detection

Dietary cumulative acute risk assessment of organophosphorus, carbamates and pyrethroids insecticides for the Brazilian population.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jardim, Andreia Nunes Oliveira; Brito, Alessandra Page; van Donkersgoed, Gerda; Boon, Polly E; Caldas, Eloisa Dutra

Cumulative acute dietary risk assessments of organophosphorus (OPs), carbamates (CBs) and pyrethroids (PYs) were conducted for the Brazilian population. Residue data for 30786 samples of 30 foods were obtained from two national monitoring programs and one University laboratory, and consumption data

Storie di genere, storie di partito

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Elisa Bellè

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Lo studio delle narrazioni di genere all'interno di questo tipo di organizzazione desta inoltre un particolare interesse anche in ragione della sottorappresentazione delle donne nella sfera della politica. Si tratta di un deficit democratico che coinvolge i sistemi politici moderni nel loro complesso, ma che interessa l'Italia con una particolare gravità ed evidenza. La questione della sottorappresentazione politica delle donne è stata sinora affrontata prevalentemente in termini tecnico-legali (politiche di pari opportunità ed azione positiva, o di teoria politica (la dicotomia pubblico-maschile e privato-femminile come fondamento del contratto sessuale della politica. Mancano invece contributi che guardino ai partiti come organizzazioni largamente responsabili dei processi di selezione e promozione delle carriere politiche, dunque come luoghi di quotidiana produzione di pratiche e culture di genere, più o meno egualitarie o, viceversa, discriminatorie. Sulla base di tale vuoto di ricerca e riflessione, il presente articolo si propone di mettere in luce le pratiche e le culture di genere che emergono dai racconti di uomini e donne all'interno di due organizzazioni partitiche, una di destra e una di sinistra, situate nel contesto territoriale della provincia di Trento. La ricerca è stata condotta attraverso lo strumento dell'intervista semi-strutturata, coinvolgendo quattro donne e quattro uomini, divisi per coppie di età (un uomo ed una donna giovani ed un uomo ed una donna da lungo presenti nel partito, accostabili per quanto concerne ruolo e posizione nelle organizzazioni partitiche considerate. L'attenzione analitica si è concentrata sulla costruzione del genere di uomini e donne intervistati/e, intesa sia come dimensione ed esperienza individuale (le storie di genere dei/lle singoli/e, sia come dimensione organizzativa più ampia (le storie di genere delle organizzazioni, narrate dalle diverse voci. Un'ulteriore dimensione analitica

Tre voci per un Lexicon di Giuseppe Pontiggia

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Daniela Marcheschi

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Tre parole-chiave offrono lo spunto per un’immersione nel pensiero e nell’opera di Giuseppe Pontiggia. La prima: parola, riaffermata dallo scrittore in quanto atto civile e ‘corporeo’ mediante il quale l’uomo fa esperienza di se stesso entrando in contatto con i suoi simili e con il circostante, ricongiungendosi insieme alla sua più profonda e antica natura. Viene così restituita allo scrittore/critico la responsabilità di lottare contro l’attuale minaccia dello svuotamento linguistico, nel nome di una costruttiva utopia culturale. La seconda parola, musica, serve a illuminare i romanzi di Pontiggia – in specie La grande sera e L’arte della fuga – attraverso suggestive analogie con la musica classica e il jazz, predilette dallo scrittore. Ossimoro è l’ultima voce di questo Lexicon: figura retorica, ma soprattutto figura conoscitiva che permette allo scrittore di scoprire la propria verità e il proprio linguaggio e al lettore di abbracciare una visione non lineare e problematica del mondo, capace di ampliare le prospettive e rinnovare lo sguardo.

Separating esterase targets of organophosphorus compounds in the brain by preparative chromatography.

Science.gov (United States)

Mangas, I; Vilanova, E; Benabent, M; Estévez, J

2014-02-10

Low level exposure to organophosphorus esters (OPs) may cause long-term neurological effects and affect specific cognition domains in experimental animals and humans. Action on known targets cannot explain most of these effects by. Soluble carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) of chicken brain have been kinetically discriminated using paraoxon, mipafox and phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride as inhibitors and phenyl valerate as a substrate. Three different enzymatic components were discriminated and called Eα, Eβ and Eγ. In this work, a fractionation procedure with various steps was developed using protein native separation methods by preparative HPLC. Gel permeation chromatography followed by ion exchange chromatography allowed enriched fractions with different kinetic behaviors. The soluble chicken brain fraction was fractionated, while total esterase activity, proteins and enzymatic components Eα, Eβ and Eγ were monitored in each subfraction. After the analysis, 13 fractions were pooled and conserved. Preincubation of the soluble chicken brain fraction of with the organophosphorus mipafox gave rise to a major change in the ion exchange chromatography profile, but not in the molecular exchanged chromatography profile, which suggest that mipafox permanently modifies the ionic properties of numerous proteins. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Variabilità microsatellitare in popolazioni italiane di martora, Martes martes

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Licia Colli

2003-10-01

Full Text Available La martora, Martes martes, è un mustelide storicamente presente su gran parte del territorio italiano, soprattutto dove siano presenti foreste mature altamente strutturate e ricche di risorse. Nel corso dei decenni passati, cause quali la deforestazione con conseguente frammentazione dell'habitat, la caccia e la persecuzione da parte dell'uomo hanno portato ad un sensibile declino sia nel numero d'individui sia di popolazioni in tutta l'Europa. Frammentazione degli areali e diminuzione del numero di soggetti costituiscono le cause principali di un limitato flusso genico con conseguente formazione di popolazioni isolate di martora e perdita di variabilità genetica (Kyle et al., 2003. Per queste ragioni la martora risulta attualmente tutelata secondo quanto previsto dalla Convenzione di Berna (appendice III e dalla Direttiva europea 92/43/CEE "Habitats & Species". Di fronte a prospettive di tipo conservazionistico, diventa necessario disporre di metodologie per la valutazione della variabilità residua nella specie a livello d'individui e di popolazioni. Secondo numerosi Autori, i microsatelliti costituiscono marcatori molto efficaci nella descrizione della struttura genetica e della storia demografica di specie (Beaumont & Bruford, 1999; Linares, 1999. Il presente lavoro propone i risultati ottenuti attraverso il confronto di due campioni costituiti da individui di Martes martes provenienti dalla Sardegna (25 esemplari e dal territorio italiano (6 esemplari. L'analisi è stata condotta a livello di 7 loci microsatellitari dinucleotidici polimorfici. Il valore di F_ST calcolato dal confronto dei due gruppi è risultato pari a 0,102 e ricade nel range di variazione identificato di recente in popolazioni nord-europee di martora (Kyle et al., 2003. L'analisi della varianza molecolare (AMOVA, condotta a due livelli gerarchici, ha permesso in particolare di ripartire la varianza del campione

Nonsynonymous substitution in abalone sperm fertilization genes exceeds substitution in introns and mitochondrial DNA

Science.gov (United States)

Metz, Edward C.; Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio; Vacquier, Victor D.

1998-01-01

Strong positive Darwinian selection acts on two sperm fertilization proteins, lysin and 18-kDa protein, from abalone (Haliotis). To understand the phylogenetic context for this dramatic molecular evolution, we obtained sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI), and genomic sequences of lysin, 18-kDa, and a G protein subunit. Based on mtDNA differentiation, four north Pacific abalone species diverged within the past 2 million years (Myr), and remaining north Pacific species diverged over a period of 4–20 Myr. Between-species nonsynonymous differences in lysin and 18-kDa exons exceed nucleotide differences in introns by 3.5- to 24-fold. Remarkably, in some comparisons nonsynonymous substitutions in lysin and 18-kDa genes exceed synonymous substitutions in mtCOI. Lysin and 18-kDa intron/exon segments were sequenced from multiple red abalone individuals collected over a 1,200-km range. Only two nucleotide changes and two sites of slippage variation were detected in a total of >29,000 nucleotides surveyed. However, polymorphism in mtCOI and a G protein intron was found in this species. This finding suggests that positive selection swept one lysin allele and one 18-kDa allele to fixation. Similarities between mtCOI and lysin gene trees indicate that rapid adaptive evolution of lysin has occurred consistently through the history of the group. Comparisons with mtCOI molecular clock calibrations suggest that nonsynonymous substitutions accumulate 2–50 times faster in lysin and 18-kDa genes than in rapidly evolving mammalian genes. PMID:9724763

Multifunctional organophosphorus extractants: a status report on development and applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulz, W.W.; Horwitz, E.P.

1988-01-01

Up-to-date state of the development of science and technology of multifunctional organophosphorus extractants is considered. The detailed classification of these extractants is presented. They attracted pasticular interest because of affinity of some bifunctional phosphonates, phosphine oxides, carbamoylalkylphosphonates to trivalent Am, tetravalent and hexavalent actinides, trivalent lanthanides in strong mineral acids, and because of ability of some alkylpyrophosphoric acids to extract effectively U(4) from concentrated solutions of phosphoric acid. Application of these extractants for analytic purposes and in the field of nuclear technology is considered

Blood cholinesterases as human biomarkers of organophosphorus pesticide exposure.

Science.gov (United States)

Nigg, H N; Knaak, J B

2000-01-01

The organophosphorus pesticides of this review were discovered in 1936 during the search for a replacement for nicotine for cockroach control. The basic biochemical characteristics of RBC AChE and BChE were determined in the 1940s. The mechanism of inhibition of both enzymes and other serine esterases was known in the 1940s and, in general, defined in the 1950s. In 1949, the death of a parathion mixer-loader dictated blood enzyme monitoring to prevent acute illness from organophosphorus pesticide intoxication. However, many of the chemical and biochemical steps for serine enzyme inhibition by OP compounds remain unknown today. The possible mechanisms of this inhibition are presented kinetically beginning with simple (by comparison) Michaelis-Menten substrate enzyme interaction kinetics. As complicated as the inhibition kinetics appear here, PBPK model kinetics will be more complex. The determination of inter- and intraindividual variation in RBC ChE and BChE was recognized early as critical knowledge for a blood esterase monitoring program. Because of the relatively constant production of RBCs, variation in RBC AChE was determined by about 1970. The source of plasma (or serum) BChE was shown to be the liver in the 1960s with the change in BChE phenotype to the donor in liver transplant patients. BChE activity was more variable than RBC AChE, and only in the 1990s have BChE individual variation questions been answered. We have reviewed the chemistry, metabolism, and toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides along with their inhibitory action toward tissue acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases. On the basis of the review, a monitoring program for individuals mixing-loading and applying OP pesticides for commercial applicators was recommended. Approximately 41 OPs are currently registered for use by USEPA in the United States. Under agricultural working conditions, OPs primarily are absorbed through the skin. Liver P-450 isozymes catalyze the desulfurization of

I mammiferi dell'area di Capo Feto (Trapani

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Massimiliano Di Vittorio

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Nel contesto del Progetto di riqualificazione ambientale del territorio di Capo Feto, area SIC della Provincia di Trapani si è proceduto allo studio della comunità di mammiferi dell?area. Sono state in tal modo scelte, in base alle loro caratteristiche ambientali, tre aree campione omogenee. L?attività di censimento e trappolamento si è protratta per tre diversi periodi stagionali (dal 22 al 27/10/2001, dal 19 al 24/03/2002 e dal 21 al 26/08/2002 per un totale, per ogni periodo, di 6 giorni e 5 notti trappola. Gli animali catturati sono stati registrati in apposite schede e pesati. Sono stati riportati il sesso e le condizioni riproduttive (giovane, adulto, adulto riproduttore etc. e gli individui sono stati marcati attraverso un piccolo taglio alle orecchie, attraverso un codice di riconoscimento determinato a priori. Riguardo i micromammiferi si è effettuato un rilevamento quantitativo, attraverso la tecnica del trappolamento MCR (Cattura-marcaggio-ricattura. Sono state utilizzate 100 trappole incruente cosiddette di ?cattura e ricattura? (Ugglan modell 1, di dimensioni 250x78x65 mm. Per i mammiferi di media taglia, si è proceduto (nelle varie tipologie ambientali con censimenti condotti di giorno e di notte (in cui tali specie mostrano maggiore attività con l?ausilio di fari e di appositi visori per l?impiego notturno, ed attraverso rilevamenti diretti (OD: osservazione individui, esemplari rinvenuti morti ed indiretti (OI: tracce, tane, resti ossei in borre, escrementi. Tenendo conto del basso numero di ricatture (in qualche caso uguali a zero, è stato usato l?indice di Chapman, adatto a piccoli campioni. Inoltre i dati ottenuti sono stati elaborati mediante l?indice DAT, che esprime una frequenza relativa per ogni ambiente analizzato. Per la comparazione tra i risultati (a livello di specie catturate dei tre periodi si è utilizzato il valore medio dell?Indice di somiglianza (S di Sorensen. I risultati dell?intero periodo di

Muonium substituted molecules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cox, S.F.J.

1990-12-01

The manner in which Muon Spin Rotation and Level Crossing Resonance are used to characterise muonium substituted organic radicals is described, and illustrated with spectra for the ethyl radical and related species. Comparison with electron spin resonance data for the unsubstituted radicals reveals significant structural and hyperfine isotope effects which can be traced to the effects of zero point motion. The first comparable results for a diamagnetic species, exhibiting a quadrupole isotope effect by comparison with conventional nuclear quadrupole resonance data, are presented and discussed. (author)

Directly oxidized chemiluminescence of 2-substituted-4,5-di(2-furyl)-1H -imidazole by acidic potassium permanganate and its analytical application for determination of albumin.

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, Jing; Zhang, Yumin; Huang, Zhongxiu; Han, Lu; Tang, Jieli; Wang, Shuaijun; Zhang, Yihua

2011-07-01

In the paper, 2,4,5-tri(2-furyl)-1H-imidazole (TFI) and 2-phenyl-4,5-di(2-furyl)-1H-imidazole (PDFI), were chosen to investigate chemiluminescence (CL) properties of 2-substituted-4,5-di(2-furyl)-1H-imidazoles. The directly oxidized CL of analytes by potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)) was in detail studied. The KMnO(4) could directly oxidize TFI/PDFI to produce strong CL emission in acidic solution. The effects of experimental conditions were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the effect of albumin on the TFI/PDFI-KMnO(4) system was investigated. It was found that the addition of albumin into the system could induce enhancement of CL signal, and the enhanced CL intensity is linearly related to the logarithm of concentration of albumin. Based on this study, a novel CL method has been developed for the determination of albumin with high sensitivity and good selectivity. The method was applied to the determination of albumin in human serum samples, and the results were in agreement with those obtained by the bromcresol green (BCG) method. The relative errors for the analytical results were from -5.8% to 4.2%. These new phenomena would further enable people to exploit more CL analytical application of the heterocyclic imidazole derivatives. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

Dai bisogni di salute al consumo di risorse sanitarie in provincia di Bergamo: profilo degli indicatori di bisogno, domanda, offerta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Zucchi

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Introduzione: la complessità interpretativa dei dati relativi ad alcuni fenomeni sanitari a livello territoriale impone la necessità di uno strumento semplice di lettura “epidemiologica”; tale lettura si fonda sull’utilizzo di una serie di “indicatori”, fondamenta di un processo dinamico di monitoraggio temporale e spaziale in grado di descrivere sinteticamente fenomeni di per sé complessi, al fine di fornire al decisore un supporto sintetico ma scientificamente solido.

Obiettivi: istituzione di un sistema di monitoraggio sanitario community-based; definizione di indicatori sanitari comparabili tramite un esame critico dei dati esistenti; sviluppo di metodologie per la raccolta e la validazione dei dati; supporto alla creazione di un sistema efficace e affidabile di trasferimento e scambio dei dati e degli indicatori stessi con uso spinto della tecnologia telematica; elaborazione di metodi e di strumenti necessari alla produzione di analisi e relazioni.

Materiali e metodi: gli indicatori analizzati fanno riferimento
all’elenco definito dal decreto ministeriale n. 27 del 12 dicembre 2001 “sistema di garanzie per il monitoraggio dell’assistenza sanitaria”. A questo elenco ne sono stati aggiunti altri, per un totale di 127, divisi in grandi capitoli tematici: assistenza sanitaria, assistenza distrettuale, assistenza ospedaliera, indicatori stato di salute, consumo di risorse sanitarie (cui è stato dato particolare enfasi, indicatori di domanda/accessibilità. Per definire infine un
profilo di sintesi di questi grandi capitoli e delle relative
eterogeneità territoriali si è successivamente applicata la tecnica statistica dello “z-score”.
Risultati: le differenze emerse a livello distrettuale hanno permesso di disegnare una ‘mappa’ degli indicatori sanitari in provincia di Bergamo.

Conclusioni:i risultati di

The analysis of common metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Seong Soo; Pyo, Hee Soo; Lee, Kang Jin; Park, Song Ja; Park, Taek Kyu

1998-01-01

Most organophosphorus pesticides may be metabolized to yield some common phosphates in human or in animals, and these metabolites may be used as the exposure biomarkers to pesticides. In this study, we developed the extraction method of four phosphate metabolites from the spiked human urine in high recovery by the solid phase extraction with a reverse-phase cartridge (cyclohexyl silica) followed by the elution with methanol. The extracted urinary metabolites were derivatized with hexamethyldisilazane/trimethyl-chlorosilane/pyridine (2:1:10, v/v/v) and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Calibration curve obtained from each metabolite standard using by GC/MS/SIM has shown good linearity and detection limits of metabolites were the range of 0.05-0.1 μg/ml in urine. Phenthoate, one of the organophosphorus pesticides, was orally administrated to rats. Four metabolites were detected in the rat urine. The results of this study may be applied to development of exposure biomarkers for monitoring of environmental pollutants

Reuse of treated waste water for the irrigation of ornamental plants. The case of Pistoia; Riuso di acque reflue depurate di specie ornamentali: l'impianto pilota di Pistoia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gori, R.; Lubello, C. [Florence Univ., Florence (Italy). Dipt. di Ingegneria Civile

1999-12-01

After a brief introduction on irrigation waste water reuse, the paper deals with the case of Pistoia (italy), the most important nursery area in Italy, which has developed an experiment for evaluating the effects of waste water treatment plant effluent irrigation. The better physiological and growth parameters of plants irrigated with the effluent shows that it could be a valid alternative of water and fertilizer nutrients resources for ornamental plants. [Italian] Dopo una breve introduzione sul riuso delle acque reflue a fini irrigui, il lavoro affronta il caso di Pistoia, sede della maggiore area vivaistica italiana, che utilizza le acque reflue dal 1998 con una sperimentazione volta a verificare gli effetti dell'irrigazione con l'effluente dell'impianto di depurazione centrale. Le piante cosi' irrigate hanno mostrato parametri di crescita e fisiologici generalmente migliori di quelli riscontrati sulle piante irrigate con i metodi tradizionali.

DAMPAK INVASIF IKAN RED DEVIL (Amphilophus citrinellus TERHADAP KEANEKARAGAMAN IKAN DI PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN DI INDONESIA

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Chairulwan Umar

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Keanekaragaman ikan air tawar di Indonesia sekarang menghadapi ancaman dari berbagai aktivitas manusia yang bisa menyebabkan punahnya ikan-ikan endemik, dan diperkirakan sekitar 87 jenis ikan Indonesia terancam punah. Beberapa faktor yang menjadi ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman ikan dan menimbulkan kepunahan diantaranya introduksi spesies. Perkembangan beberapa spesies ikan menjadi tak terkendali sehingga menjadi hama dan merugikan manusia. Salah satu di antaranya adalah masuknya ikan ‘Red Devil’ ke beberapa perairan umum daratan di Indonesia. Beberapa perairan yang terdapat ikan red devil, mengalami penurunan sumber daya ikan baik jenis maupun jumlah, bahkan beberapa jenis ikan asli banyak yang hilang. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak keberadaan ikan ini terhadap keanekaragaman sumberdaya ikan di perairan. Kajian ini bersifat desk study dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Verifikasi lapang dilakukan pada tahun 2011 dan 2012. Hasil tangkapan ikan red devil di beberapa perairan waduk dan danau di Indonesia sangat dominan bisa mencapai 40 – 60 %. Dampak dari invasi ikan ini antara lain adalah terjadinya perubahan ekosistem, yaitu penurunan keanekaragaman hayati, dan dampak terhadap kerugian ekonomi seperti biaya untuk mengendalikan jenis ikan asing dan penurunan produksi ikan ekonomis.   Freshwater fish diversity in Indonesia is now facing threats from human activities that could lead to the extinction of endemic fish, and an estimated 87 Indonesian fish species threatened with extinction. Some factors that caused a threat to the diversity and extinction of fish is the introduction of new species. The development of some species of fish become uncontrollable and those being predators and caused a damage for humans life. One of them is the inclusion of Red devil fish to some inland waters in Indonesia. Some inland water that contains of red devil fish caused declining of fish resources in type or amount and

Partitioning of organophosphorus pesticides into phosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles studied by second-derivative spectrophotometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Takegami, Shigehiko; Kitamura, Keisuke; Ohsugi, Mayuko; Ito, Aya; Kitade, Tatsuya

2015-06-15

In order to quantitatively examine the lipophilicity of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) chlorfenvinphos (CFVP), chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPFM), diazinon (DZN), fenitrothion (FNT), fenthion (FT), isofenphos (IFP), profenofos (PFF) and pyraclofos (PCF), their partition coefficient (Kp) values between phosphatidylcholine (PC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) and water (liposome-water system) were determined by second-derivative spectrophotometry. The second-derivative spectra of these OPs in the presence of PC SUV showed a bathochromic shift according to the increase in PC concentration and distinct derivative isosbestic points, demonstrating the complete elimination of the residual background signal effects that were observed in the absorption spectra. The Kp values were calculated from the second-derivative intensity change induced by addition of PC SUV and obtained with a good precision of R.S.D. below 10%. The Kp values were in the order of CPFM>FT>PFF>PCF>IFP>CFVP>FNT⩾DZN and did not show a linear correlation relationship with the reported partition coefficients obtained using an n-octanol-water system (R(2)=0.530). Also, the results quantitatively clarified the effect of chemical-group substitution in OPs on their lipophilicity. Since the partition coefficient for the liposome-water system is more effective for modeling the quantitative structure-activity relationship than that for the n-octanol-water system, the obtained results are toxicologically important for estimating the accumulation of these OPs in human cell membranes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[On necessity to modify biochemical methods for detecting organophosphorus componds in chemical weapons extinction objects (review of literature)].

Science.gov (United States)

Prokofieva, D S; Shmurak, V I; Sadovnikov, S V; Gontcharov, N V

2015-01-01

The article covers problems of biochemical methods assessing organophosphorus toxic compounds in objects of chemical weapons extinction. The authors present results of works developing new, more specific and selective biochemical methods.

KELIMPAHAN COPEPODA (ORDO: CALANOIDA DI TELUK PEGAMETAN, BALI UTARA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gede S. Sumiarsa

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Pengamatan kelimpahan spesies copepoda, ordo Calanoida di Teluk Pegametan, Bali telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2007. Teluk Pegametan adalah salah satu wilayah yang potensial untuk budidaya laut yang terletak di bagian barat Laut Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi spesies-spesies copepoda dari ordo Calanoida yang hidup di perairan Teluk Pegametan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 10 stasiun sampling dengan metode sampling secara horizontal pada permukaan laut. Plankton net berdiameter 31 cm dengan ukuran mesh 40 mm ditarik sepanjang 10 meter dengan menggunakan speed boat di sekitar stasiun pengamatan. Sampel diawetkan dengan formalin 4% untuk diidentifikasi. Dari hasil pengamatan di sepuluh stasiun terdapat 14 spesies copepoda ordo Calanoida yaitu: Acrocalanus gracilis, Calanus minor, C. sinicus, C. tenuicornis, Centropoges abdominalis, Eucalanus attenuatus, Haloptilus longicornis, Lucicutia curta, L. flavicornis, Parvocalanus crassirostris, Pseudocalanus gracilis, Rinchalanus cornutus, Scolecithricella minor, dan Temora turbinata. Spesies dominan adalah Calanus sinicus dengan proporsi 65,6% dari jumlah individu yang dijumpai. Observation on the abundance of copepod species (order: Calanoida in Pegametan Bay has been conducted in April 2007. Pegametan Bay is located on the North West of Bali and is one of several potential areas for mariculture. The purpose of this study was to find out the abundance of copepod (Order: Calanoida in the bay. Research sampling was conducted in 10 sampling points where planktons were collected using plankton net of 40 µm mesh size with diameter of 31 cm dragged horizontally on the sea water surface as far as 10 m each. Samples were preserved in 4% formalin for identification.  There were 14 species of Calanoida copepod species found during the research: Acrocalanus gracilis, Calanus minor, C. sinicus, C. tenuicornis, Centropoges abdominalis, Eucalanus attenuatus, Haloptilus longicornis

Compostos organofosforados pentavalentes: histórico, métodos sintéticos de preparação e aplicações como inseticidas e agentes antitumorais Organophosphorus pentavalent compounds: history, synthetic methods of preparation and application as insecticides and antitumor agents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviane Martins Rebello dos Santos

2007-02-01

Full Text Available This paper is a review of the history, synthesis and application of organophosphorus compounds, especially of those of pentavalent phosphorus, such as phosphoramidates, phosphorothioates, phosphonates and phosphonic acids with insecticide and anticancer activities. The organophosphorus compounds with agrochemical applications show great structural variety, They include not only insecticides, but also fungicides, herbicides, and others. The large variety of commercially available organophosphorus pesticides is remarkable. Even more interesting is the high efficiency of some organophosphorus compounds as anticancer agents such as cyclophosphamide and its derivatives.

Species characterization in the genus Pestivirus according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5'-untranslated region.

Science.gov (United States)

Giangaspero, Massimo; Harasawa, Ryô

2011-06-01

The palindromic nucleotide substitutions (PNS) at the three variable loci (V1, V2 and V3) in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the Pestivirus genome have been considered for taxonomical segregation of the species, through the evaluation of 534 strains. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, species have been identified within the genus, determining genetic distances between species isolates, clarifying borderline and multirelated sequences, and characterizing and clustering the Pestivirus strains showing unexpected genomic sequences. Nine genomic groups have been identified: the species Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2), Border disease virus (BDV) and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and the tentative species Pronghorn, Giraffe, Bovine viral diarrhea virus 3 (BVDV-3) (HoBi group), Border disease virus 2 (BDV-2) (Italian small ruminant isolates) and Bungowannah. Palindromic positions have been characterized according to changes in nucleotide base-pairs identifying low variable positions (LVP) including base-pairs present in less than 80% of the genus. The determination of divergence between single strain sequences or genetic groups was obtained easily by comparing base-pairing combinations from aligned secondary structures. This provided clear information such as the level of heterogeneity within a species, the relatedness between species, or facilitating the characterization and clustering of specific strains. The BVDV-1 and BDV species resulted heterogeneous, showing isolates located on a borderline in the species. Within the BVDV-2 species, two main genogroups were identified, with strains showing common sequence characteristics to both groups (multirelated strains). They could be allocated correctly by quantitative analysis. Similarly, the relation between CSFV and BDV species appeared very clearly. Also in this case, ambiguous strain sequences could be clustered in the

Iridium-Catalyzed Regioselective Borylation of Substituted Biaryls

KAUST Repository

Chotana, Ghayoor

2018-03-28

Biarylboronic esters are generally prepared by directed ortho­ -metalation or by Miyaura borylation and hence rely on the presence of a directing group or pre-functionalization. In this paper, the preparation of biarylboronic esters by direct C–H borylation of biaryl substrates is reported. Sterically governed regioselectivities were observed in the borylation of appropriately substituted biaryls by using [Ir(OMe)(COD)] precatalyst and di- tert -butylbipyridyl ligand. The resulting biarylboronic esters were isolated in 38–98% yields. The synthesized biarylboronic esters were further successfully employed in C–O, C–Br, and C–C coupling reactions.

Biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides by soil bacteria

Science.gov (United States)

de Pasquale, C.; Fodale, R.; Lo Piccolo, L.; Palazzolo, E.; Alonzo, G.; Quatrini, P.

2009-04-01

A number of studies in the 1980s and 1990s showed that crop-protection products, applied to drained fields, could move downwards through the soil profile and to the groundwater. Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are used all over the world for crop protection, for other agricultural practices such as sheep dipping and, in aquaculture, for the control of sea lice. Ops besides showing a specific neurotoxicity and have also been related to various modern diseases, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) and the Gulf War syndrome. Although OPs are less persistent than Organoclorine pesticides (OCs), they still constitute an environmental risks thus increasing the social concern about their levels in soils, surface waters, and ground waters. Degradation of OPs by microorganisms has been assessed for a few bacterial strains. In the present study the OPs degrading potential of indigenous soil microorganisms was investigated. Using enrichment cultures in which parathion was the only C and energy sources many bacterial strains were isolated from OPs contaminated and pristine agricultural soils characterized by different physico-chemical properties. More than 40 potential OPs degraders were isolated and grouped in operational taxonomic units (OTU) using analysis of polymorphism showed by the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of representative isolates of each OTU revealed that most of them belong to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. All the analyzed soils showed the presence of putative OPs degraders: the highest diversity was found in organic cultivated soils, the lowest in chemically cultivated soils. Degradation of different OPs, characterized by different physical and chemical properties, was obtained by different selected representative strains using SPME GC-MS analysis on water and soil microcosms. The results showed that, after the incubation period, the amount of pesticide residues were in the range 20-80%. Some of the

Organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Alteromonas macleodii: structural study and functional relationship to prolidases

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Štěpánková, Andrea; Dušková, Jarmila; Skálová, Tereza; Hašek, Jindřich; Koval, Tomáš; Ostergaard, L. H.; Dohnálek, Jan

2013-01-01

Roč. 69, č. 4 (2013), s. 346-354 ISSN 1744-3091 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA310/09/1407; GA ČR GA305/07/1073; GA MŠk EE2.3.30.0029 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 Keywords : organophosphorus acid anhydrolase * prolidases * bifunctional Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry Impact factor: 0.568, year: 2013

Synergistic Extraction of Copper from Nitrate Solutions Using β-Hydroxy-Naphthaldoxime and Organophosphorus Compounds into Carbon-Tetrachloride

Science.gov (United States)

Dey, Pulak; Basu, Sukalyan

2011-12-01

The extraction behavior of Cu(II) from an aqueous nitrate medium employing β-hydroxy-naphthaldoxime in carbon tetrachloride has been investigated in the presence of several organophosphorus donors like tri-octyl phosphine oxide, tri-butyl phosphine oxide, and tri-butyl phosphate at pH 1.5. The concentration of the metal was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Synergism was observed when neutral donor was added because of the formation of the adduct [Cu(L)2.(S)] in CCl4 (S denotes neutral donor). The equilibrium constants of the binary system using β-hydroxy-naphthaldoxime and the ternary system involving another addition of an organophosphorus compound were calculated from the extraction date obtained. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants was also investigated to evaluate standard enthalpy (Δ H°), entropy (Δ S°), and free energy (Δ G°) of the reactions proposed.

[Decontamination of organophosphorus compounds: Towards new alternatives].

Science.gov (United States)

Poirier, L; Jacquet, P; Elias, M; Daudé, D; Chabrière, E

2017-05-01

Organophosphorus coumpounds (OP) are toxic chemicals mainly used for agricultural purpose such as insecticides and were also developed and used as warfare nerve agents. OP are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme involved in the regulation of the central nervous system. Chemical, physical and biological approaches have been considered to decontaminate OP. This review summarizes the current and emerging strategies that are investigated to tackle this issue with a special emphasis on enzymatic remediation methods. During the last decade, many studies have been dedicated to the development of biocatalysts for OP removal. Among these, recent reports have pointed out the promising enzyme SsoPox isolated from the archaea Sulfolobus solfataricus. Considering both its intrinsic stability and activity, this hyperthermostable enzyme is highly appealing for the decontamination of OP. Copyright © 2017 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. All rights reserved.

Il crowdfunding finalizzato al co-finanziamento di progetti di valorizzazione di complessi di elevato valore storico architettonico: il caso di “Torino Esposizioni”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paola Marinò

2015-12-01

Full Text Available L’articolo affronta il tema del finanziamento degli interventi di restauro e riuso delle grandi architetture del ‘900, in un momento storico in cui le risorse finanziarie pubbliche sono sempre più scarse e difficili da reperire. La ricerca affronta la possibilità di ricorrere al crowdfunding attraverso il caso studio del progetto di “Torino Esposizioni”, un’architettura del ‘900, parzialmente utilizzata, in stato di degrado, nonostante sia riconosciuta dalla critica internazionale come un’opera di eccezionale valore. A partire dal Master Plan, messo a punto dal Politecnico di Torino in collaborazione con la Città di Torino, è stata simulata l’applicabilità del crowdfunding attraverso un’indagine che valuta la disponibilità a contribuire da parte dei potenziali fruitori del complesso di “Torino Esposizioni” e, quindi, a comprendere l’interesse dei cittadini nei confronti del valore storico del complesso di “Torino Esposizioni” e del progetto di riuso che dovrebbe valorizzarlo. Gli esiti della ricerca, nell’evidenziare un’inattesa scarsa disponibilità a contribuire al finanziamento collettivo del progetto, hanno messo in evidenza, non solo la scarsa conoscenza del crowdfunding come strumento di finanziamento, ma anche la scarsa consapevolezza del valore storico architettonico del patrimonio moderno della città di Torino, di cui “Torino Esposizioni” rappresenta un esempio eccezionale, seppur non l’unico.

Definition of dose intensity (DI), average relative DI and effective DI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alberto, P.

1995-01-01

The cytotoxic activity of cancer chemotherapy is related to the dose and to the amount of drug delivered per time unit. the significance of time in the effectiveness of a treatment program is frequently overlooked. The term of dose intensity (DI) is used to define the drug dose delivered per time unit and is expressed as mg/m 2 per week. A delay in the sequence of treatment cycles decreases the DI in the DI in the same proportion as a reduction of dose. Average relative DI corresponds to the mean DI of combined agents and is expressed as a fraction of a similar combination selected as a standard. Di is useful to compare the dose actually received with the prescribed dose. The relation of DI with tumor response or survival has not been fully demonstrated. A threshold DI level for therapeutic activity is evident. Above this threshold, a linear relationship of DI and effectiveness is not obvious, particularly regarding high-dose chemotherapy. The term of DI is more useful in its principle than in the significance of its calculated value. (authors). 19 refs., 3 tabs., 3 figs

Reti di città, mobilità e ambiente: il Preliminare di PTCP di Avellino

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Carmela Gargiulo

2010-02-01

Full Text Available  L’articolo propone la lettura dei contenuti del Preliminare del PTCP di Avellino, un piano per molti aspetti innovativo, soprattutto per aver coniugato pianificazione di area vasta di tipo tradizionale e logica “strategica”. In particolare, l’articolo descrive idee guida, contenuti e strategie del piano orientate, prevalentemente, a stimolare lo sviluppo sostenibile di un’area in ritardo di sviluppo come la provincia irpina, attraverso la salvaguardia e valorizzazione delle risorse naturali e storico-culturali, la costruzione di reti di medie e piccole città e reti di mobilità alle diverse scale, da quella urbana a quella internazionale, e interventi sul sistema della mobilità. Nel 2004, ormai più di cinque anni fa, è stato adottato, a maggioranza assoluta (solo due gli astenuti, il Preliminare di Piano Territoriale di Coordinamento della Provincia di Avellino, dopo un lavoro di oltre due anni che ha visto impegnati gli uffici provinciali con due dipartimenti universitari. Il lavoro, che va ben oltre il significato e la valenza di un preliminare e che coniuga due pratiche di piano diverse (quella tradizionale e quella strategica ruota attorno a tre idee di fondo, tra loro strettamente interrelate, che costituiscono i criteri guida che finora ha inteso seguire la provincia di Avellino nell’attività di governo delle trasformazioni. Tali idee, quindi, costituiscono le fondamenta su cui è stato costruito il Preliminare e sono la griglia di specificazione delle strategie e degli obiettivi di piano. Esse sono alla base delle scelte elaborate per lo sviluppo compatibile del territorio, e sono riferibili alle azioni operative di trasformazione del territorio che gli Enti locali, cui è demandato tale compito, nel prossimo futuro dovranno affrontare. Le tre idee forza del Preliminare, descritte nel seguito, sono riferibili ai sistemi di risorse principali della provincia di Avellino, oggetto di una indagine analitico

AMPEROMETRIC THICK-FILM STRIP ELECTRODES FOR MONITORING ORGANOPHOSPHATE NERVE AGENTS BASED ON IMMOBILIZED ORGANOPHOSPHORUS HYDROLASE. (R823663)

Science.gov (United States)

An amperometric biosensor based on the immobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH) onto screen-printed carbon electrodes is shown useful for the rapid, sensitive, and low-costdetection of organophosphate (OP) nerve agents. The sensor relies upon the sensitive and ra...

Gold-catalyzed oxidation of substituted phenols by hydrogen peroxide

KAUST Repository

Cheneviere, Yohan

2010-10-20

Gold nanoparticles deposited on inorganic supports are efficient catalysts for the oxidation of various substituted phenols (2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol and 2,3,6-trimethyl phenol) with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. By contrast to more conventional catalysts such as Ti-containing mesoporous silicas, which convert phenols to the corresponding benzoquinones, gold nanoparticles are very selective to biaryl compounds (3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butyl diphenoquinone and 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′-hexamethyl-4,4′- biphenol, respectively). Products yields and selectivities depend on the solvent used, the best results being obtained in methanol with yields >98%. Au offers the possibility to completely change the selectivity in the oxidation of substituted phenols and opens interesting perspectives in the clean synthesis of biaryl compounds for pharmaceutical applications. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conservazione e problematiche sociali: l'esempio del progetto di reintroduzione dell'orso bruno

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Andrea Mustoni

2003-10-01

Full Text Available La biologia della conservazione è una disciplina di sintesi, che si è affermata negli ultimi 20 anni per fornire risposte concrete all'allarmante perdita di diversità biologica che si sta verificando in tutto il mondo. Tale disciplina è andata quindi nel tempo a completare le materie di carattere applicativo sviluppate nel passato, fornendo loro un quadro teorico generale, finalizzato allo studio e al mantenimento delle condizioni di stabilità delle popolazioni animali e vegetali. Tra le azioni di conservazione più efficaci, si sono andate affermando le reintroduzioni intese, oltre che come mezzo per la tutela diretta di una specie animale, anche come strumento per favorire la comunicazione in campo ambientale ed innalzare il livello di sensibilità della comunità. Entrambe questi obiettivi sono stati posti alla base del progetto di reintroduzione di orso bruno (Ursus arctos realizzato dal Parco Naturale Adamello Brenta (Life Ursus e che ha portato tra il 1999 e il 2002 alla liberazione di 10 individui provenienti dalla Repubblica Slovena. Il progetto, iniziato principalmente per tutelare la popolazione di orso presente sulle Dolomiti di Brenta, ormai considerata "biologicamente estinta", si è progressivamente arricchito di iniziative di comunicazione e divulgazione, rivolte a rivestire l'iniziativa di importanti significati culturali. Va peraltro considerato che, sebbene il contesto socio economico che ha favorito l'estinzione della specie nei secoli passati sia radicalmente cambiato, esistono ancora potenziali fattori di conflitto tra la presenza dell'orso e le popolazioni umane. In particolare l'esperienza del progetto Life Ursus ha evidenziato le difficoltà crescenti nella gestione delle informazioni a livello di mass media. A questo proposito basti pensare al notevole aumento del numero di articoli sui quotidiani locali, che sono passati dai 49 nel 1999 (anno di inizio del progetto, ai 250 del 2002, con

Antiandrogenic effects in male rats perinatally exposed to a mixture of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jarfelt, K.; Dalgaard, M.; Hass, Ulla

2005-01-01

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a well-known testicular toxicant inducing adverse effects in androgen responsive tissues. Therefore, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DERA) is currently being evaluated as a potential substitute for DEHP. Similarities in structure and metabolism of DERP and DEHA have...... in the reproductive system than males receiving DERP alone. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.......) and retention of nipples in male offspring were found in all three exposed groups. Dosed males exhibited decreased weights of ventral prostate and m. levator ani/bulbocavernosus. Histopathological investigations revealed alterations in testis morphology in both juvenile and adult animals. The litter size...... was decreased and postnatal mortality was increased in the combination group only, which is likely a combined effect of DEHP and DEHA. However, no combination effect was seen with respect to antiandrogenic effects, as males receiving DEHP in combination with DEHA did not exhibit more pronounced effects...

Comparison of the Developmental and Acute Neurotoxicity of a Library of Organophosphorus Pesticides Using a Vertebrate Behavioral Assay

Science.gov (United States)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is evaluating methods to screen and prioritize organophosphorus pesticides for neurotoxicity using behavioral tests in an in vivo, vertebrate, medium-throughput model (zebrafish; Danio rerio). Our behavioral testing paradigm assesses the e...

Occurrence of Cyclic di-GMP-Modulating Output Domains in Cyanobacteria: an Illuminating Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Agostoni, Marco; Koestler, Benjamin J.; Waters, Christopher M.; Williams, Barry L.; Montgomery, Beronda L.

2013-01-01

ABSTRACT Microorganisms use a variety of metabolites to respond to external stimuli, including second messengers that amplify primary signals and elicit biochemical changes in a cell. Levels of the second messenger cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) are regulated by a variety of environmental stimuli and play a critical role in regulating cellular processes such as biofilm formation and cellular motility. Cyclic di-GMP signaling systems have been largely characterized in pathogenic bacteria; however, proteins that can impact the synthesis or degradation of c-di-GMP are prominent in cyanobacterial species and yet remain largely underexplored. In cyanobacteria, many putative c-di-GMP synthesis or degradation domains are found in genes that also harbor light-responsive signal input domains, suggesting that light is an important signal for altering c-di-GMP homeostasis. Indeed, c-di-GMP-associated domains are often the second most common output domain in photoreceptors—outnumbered only by a histidine kinase output domain. Cyanobacteria differ from other bacteria regarding the number and types of photoreceptor domains associated with c-di-GMP domains. Due to the widespread distribution of c-di-GMP domains in cyanobacteria, we investigated the evolutionary origin of a subset of genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that c-di-GMP signaling systems were present early in cyanobacteria and c-di-GMP genes were both vertically and horizontally inherited during their evolution. Finally, we compared intracellular levels of c-di-GMP in two cyanobacterial species under different light qualities, confirming that light is an important factor for regulating this second messenger in vivo. PMID:23943760

Structural Analysis and Bioengineering of Thermostable Pyrococcus furiosus Prolidase for the Optimization of Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Detoxification

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-26

organophosphorus acid anhydrase from a halophilic bacterial isolate. J Bacteriol, 173, 1938-1943. Du, X., Tove, S., Kast -Hutcheson, K. & Grunden, A. M...1938-1943. Du, X., Tove, S., Kast -Hutcheson, K. & Grunden, A. M. 2005. Characterization of the dinuclear metal center of Pyrococcus furiosus

La fine dei cieli di cristallo l’astronomia al bivio del '600

CERN Document Server

Buonanno, Roberto

2010-01-01

Questo libro parla del rapporto fra Galileo e alcuni scienziati della sua epoca comunemente considerati come esponenti dello "schieramento avverso". È l’epoca in cui la visione del cosmo cambia radicalmente: la cultura europea non appare più al centro della storia umana, la creazione dell’uomo si sposta all’indietro di una inimmaginabile quantità di anni e, infine, i cieli immutabili della cosmologia aristotelica, i cieli di cristallo, vengono definitivamente superati. L’Autore propone alcuni temi rilevanti per la scienza del ‘600 e sviluppa, all’interno di ogni capitolo, sia il punto di vista dello scienziato pisano che quello di un erudito della cultura barocca. Emerge così un quadro nel quale si comprendono le ragioni e i percorsi di coloro che, davanti allo sconvolgimento di una visione del mondo che era sopravvissuta duemila anni, cercano nelle Sacre Scritture una specie di autorizzazione a credere nelle scoperte di quegli anni. Athanasius Kircher, un gesuita tedesco che arriva a Roma nel...

Distribuzione e consistenza della popolazione di Scoiattolo grigio Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 nel levante genovese

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Martina Venturini

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Distribution and population size of the Grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 in Province of Genova (NW Italy In Liguria, the Grey squirrel population originated from an introduction of five pairs in an urban park (Genoa Nervi in 1966. A first study, carried out in the 1996 by interviews, located a second group 3 km far, in Bogliasco locality. In this study, conducted in 2001-04, the population size of Genoa Nervi and the presence of the species in surrounding areas were investigated. In 2002 the population size was estimated in 115/286 individuals by distance sampling method, while, by direct observation, it varied from 80 individuals (2004 to 114 individuals (2003. The sampling by hair tubes in surrounding areas confirmed the presence of a group of grey squirrels in Bogliasco and excluded a further dispersal of the species. Riassunto In Liguria, la popolazione di Scoiattolo grigio Sciurus carolinensis ha avuto origine dall'introduzione di 5 coppie nei parchi urbani di Genova Nervi nel 1966. Un primo studio condotto nel 1996 ha localizzato, tramite interviste, un secondo nucleo a 3 km di distanza, in località Bogliasco. Il presente studio, condotto nel 2001-2004, è stato finalizzato alla valutazione della consistenza della popolazione nei parchi di Nervi, mediante il metodo distance sampling e osservazioni dirette, e all'accertamento della presenza della specie nelle aree circostanti mediante l'utilizzo di hair tube. La stima della popolazione con il metodo distance sampling è risultata di 115/286 individui nel 2002, mentre quella ottenuta mediante osservazioni dirette è variata da 80 individui nel 2004 a 114 individui nel 2003. Gli accertamenti compiuti nelle aree circostanti i parchi di Nervi hanno consentito di confermare la presenza di un nucleo di scoiattoli a Bogliasco e di escludere un'ulteriore espansione della specie.

Generation time, life history and the substitution rate of neutral mutations.

Science.gov (United States)

Lehtonen, Jussi; Lanfear, Robert

2014-11-01

Our understanding of molecular evolution is hampered by a lack of quantitative predictions about how life-history (LH) traits should correlate with substitution rates. Comparative studies have shown that neutral substitution rates vary substantially between species, and evidence shows that much of this diversity is associated with variation in LH traits. However, while these studies often agree, some unexplained and contradictory results have emerged. Explaining these results is difficult without a clear theoretical understanding of the problem. In this study, we derive predictions for the relationships between LH traits and substitution rates in iteroparous species by using demographic theory to relate commonly measured life-history traits to genetic generation time, and by implication to neutral substitution rates. This provides some surprisingly simple explanations for otherwise confusing patterns, such as the association between fecundity and substitution rates. The same framework can be applied to more complex life histories if full life-tables are available. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

Molecular substitution rate increases with latitude in butterflies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schär, Sämi; Vila, Roger; Petrović, Andjeljko

2017-01-01

of five lycaenid butterfly species with varied ecological adaptations, sampled across a latitudinal gradient in the Holarctic region. We found a positive correlation between latitude and substitution rate of mitochondrial DNA sequences in all species investigated. We propose that this result is the signal...

40 CFR 721.981 - Substituted naphtholoazo-substituted naphthalenyl-substituted azonaphthol chromium complex.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... naphthalenyl-substituted azonaphthol chromium complex. 721.981 Section 721.981 Protection of Environment...-substituted naphthalenyl-substituted azonaphthol chromium complex. (a) Chemical substance and significant new... naphtholoazo-substituted naphthalenyl-substituted azonaphthol chromium complex (PMN P-93-1631) is subject to...

Applicazione delle linee guida nazionali nell'attivitá di notifica di casi di legionellosi

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E. Corsano

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: é noto che effettuare diagnosi di Legionellosi risulta difficile a causa della sovrapposizione della sintomatologia con altre forme di polmonite. Questo spiega, in parte, perché i casi di Legionellosi siano sottostimati. I metodi diagnostici disponibili, sebbene richiedano tempi relativamente lunghi, sono necessari per l’esatta stima di prevalenza della Legionellosi e per gli eventuali interventi preventivi.

Metodi: nell’Azienda Ospedaliera “G. Panico” di Tricase, seguendo i criteri delle Linee Guida della Legionellosi (G.U. 5 maggio 2000 n. 103 durante la degenza dei pazienti che presentavano segni clinici ed obiettivi di polmonite sono state eseguite indagini radiologiche (Rx Torace, TAC, esami di laboratorio (espettorato, sangue, urina ed avviata terapia antibiotica (macrolidi e cefalosporine di III generazione. L’antigene urinario e le IgG anti-Legionella (metodo IFA, sono stati determinati in collaborazione con il Laboratorio di riferimento Regionale.

Risultati: nel periodo ottobre 2001 gennaio 2003 sono stati notificati nel nostro ospedale 11 casi di Legionellosi accertati da indagini clinico-strumentali e di laboratorio: tutti i casi avevano titoli anticorpali abbastanza elevati, confermati poi da un secondo controllo a distanza di tempo. Solo due hanno presentato una positività per l’antigene urinario. All’atto della dimissione, per il 63.6% dei casi è stato documentato un miglioramento delle condizioni clinico-laboratoristico-strumentali, nel 18.2% si è avuta una effettiva guarigione. La letalità è stata pari al 18.2%. In tutti casi si è provveduto alla sorveglianza ambientale.

Considerazioni: i nostri dati evidenziano che i casi di Legionellosi registrati sono stati tutti di tipo comunitario. Una corretta applicazione delle Linee Guida nel sistema di notifica permette l’avvio dell’attività di prevenzione oltre

Synthesis and anodic oxidation of a Di and tri substituted anthracenes; Sintesis y oxidacion anodica de antracenos Di y trisustituidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farina, F.; Paredes, M.C.; Puebla, L. [Instituto de Quimica Organica General, CSIC, Madrid (Spain)

1995-08-01

A variety of anthracene type 1, 4-7,11,12 and 18, were prepared from substituted anthraquinones. The anodic oxidation of a wide range of anthracene have been studied. The hydrosis of bisketals 19 and 20 afforded the monoketal 23 and 1,4-anthraquinone 24. 10 refs.

Computational Enzymology and Organophosphorus Degrading Enzymes: Promising Approaches Toward Remediation Technologies of Warfare Agents and Pesticides.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramalho, Teodorico C; de Castro, Alexandre A; Silva, Daniela R; Silva, Maria Cristina; Franca, Tanos C C; Bennion, Brian J; Kuca, Kamil

2016-01-01

The re-emergence of chemical weapons as a global threat in hands of terrorist groups, together with an increasing number of pesticides intoxications and environmental contaminations worldwide, has called the attention of the scientific community for the need of improvement in the technologies for detoxification of organophosphorus (OP) compounds. A compelling strategy is the use of bioremediation by enzymes that are able to hydrolyze these molecules to harmless chemical species. Several enzymes have been studied and engineered for this purpose. However, their mechanisms of action are not well understood. Theoretical investigations may help elucidate important aspects of these mechanisms and help in the development of more efficient bio-remediators. In this review, we point out the major contributions of computational methodologies applied to enzyme based detoxification of OPs. Furthermore, we highlight the use of PTE, PON, DFP, and BuChE as enzymes used in OP detoxification process and how computational tools such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics have and will continue to contribute to this very important area of research.

Recent Developments in Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Containing P-C Bond and Their Applications

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Sophie Wendels

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Organophosphorus compounds containing P-C bonds are increasingly developed as flame retardant additives due to their excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability and ease of synthesis. The latest development (since 2010 in organophosphorus flame retardants containing P-C bonds summarized in this review. In this review, we have broadly classified such phosphorus compounds based on the carbon unit linked to the phosphorus atom i.e., could be a part of either an aliphatic or an aromatic unit. We have only considered those published literature where a P-C bond was created as a part of synthetic strategy to make either an intermediate or a final organophosphorus compound with an aim to use it as a flame retardant. General synthetic strategies to create P-C bonds are briefly discussed. Most popular synthetic strategies used for developing P-C containing phosphorus based flame retardants include Michael addition, Michaelis–Arbuzov, Friedels–Crafts and Grignard reactions. In general, most flame retardant derivatives discussed in this review have been prepared via a one- to two-step synthetic strategy with relatively high yields greater than 80%. Specific examples of P-C containing flame retardants synthesized via suitable synthetic strategy and their applications on various polymer systems are described in detail. Aliphatic phosphorus compounds being liquids or low melting solids are generally applied in polymers via coatings (cellulose or are incorporated in the bulk of the polymers (epoxy, polyurethanes during their polymerization as reactive or non-reactive additives. Substituents on the P atoms and the chemistry of the polymer matrix greatly influence the flame retardant behavior of these compounds (condensed phase vs. the gas phase. Recently, aromatic DOPO based phosphinate flame retardants have been developed with relatively higher thermal stabilities (>250 °C. Such compounds have potential as flame retardants for high temperature processable

Organophosphorus and Organochlorine Pesticides Bioaccumulation by Eichhornia crassipes in Irrigation Canals in an Urban Agricultural System.

Science.gov (United States)

Mercado-Borrayo, B M; Cram Heydrich, Silke; Pérez, Irma Rosas; Hernández Quiroz, Manuel; De León Hill, Claudia Ponce

2015-01-01

A natural wetland in Mexico City Metropolitan Area is one of the main suppliers of crops and flowers, and in consequence its canals hold a high concentration of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. There is also an extensive population of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), which is considered a plague; but literature suggests water hyacinth may be used as a phytoremediator. This study demonstrates bioaccumulation difference for the OC in vivo suggesting their bioaccumulation is ruled by their log K(ow), while all the OP showed bioaccumulation regardless of their log K(ow). The higher bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of the accumulated OC pesticides cannot be explained by their log K(ow), suggesting that the OC pesticides may also be transported passively into the plant. Translocation ratios showed that water hyacinth is an accumulating plant with phytoremediation potential for all organophosphorus pesticides studied and some organochlorine pesticides. An equation for free water surface wetlands with floating macrophytes, commonly used for the construction of water-cleaning wetlands, showed removal of the pesticides by the wetland with room for improvement with appropriate management.

Identification and isolation of bacteria containing OPH enzyme for biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon from contaminated agricultural soil

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Sara Mobarakpoor

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Background: Organophosphorus insecticide diazinon has been widely used in agriculture and has the ability to transfer and accumulate in soil, water and animal tissues, and to induce toxicity in plants, animals and humans. In humans, diazinon inhibits nerve transmission by inactivating acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The present study was carried out to identify bacteria containing OPH enzyme for biodegradation of diazinon from contaminated agricultural soil. Methods: In this study, 8 contaminated agricultural soil samples that were exposed to pesticides, especially diazinon in the last two decades, were collected from the farms of Hamedan province. After preparing the media, for isolation of several bacterial strains containing OPH enzyme that are capable of biodegrading organophosphorus pesticides by diazinon enzymatic hydrolysis, bacterial genomic DNA extraction, plasmid product sequencing, phylogenetic sequence processing and phylogenetic tree drawing were carried out. Results: Eight bacterial strains, capable of secreting OPH enzyme, were isolated from soil samples, one of which named BS-1 with 86% similarity to Bacillus safensis displayed the highest organophosphate-hydrolyzing capability and can be used as a source of carbon and phosphorus. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the isolated bacterial strain identified in this study with OPH enzyme secretion has the potential for biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides, especially diazinon in invitro conditions. Also, further studies such as the environmental stability and interaction, production strategies, safety, cost-benefit, environmental destructive parameters, and, toxicological, genetic and biochemical aspects are recommended prior to the application of bacterial strains in the field-scale bioremediation.

A test of the substitution-habitat hypothesis in amphibians.

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez-Abraín, Alejandro; Galán, Pedro

2017-12-08

Most examples that support the substitution-habitat hypothesis (human-made habitats act as substitutes of original habitat) deal with birds and mammals. We tested this hypothesis in 14 amphibians by using percentage occupancy as a proxy of habitat quality (i.e., higher occupancy percentages indicate higher quality). We classified water body types as original habitat (no or little human influence) depending on anatomical, behavioral, or physiological adaptations of each amphibian species. Ten species had relatively high probabilities (0.16-0.28) of occurrence in original habitat, moderate probability of occurrence in substitution habitats (0.11-0.14), and low probability of occurrence in refuge habitats (0.05-0.08). Thus, the substitution-habitat hypothesis only partially applies to amphibians because the low occupancy of refuges could be due to the negligible human persecution of this group (indicating good conservation status). However, low occupancy of refuges could also be due to low tolerance of refuge conditions, which could have led to selective extinction or colonization problems due to poor dispersal capabilities. That original habitats had the highest probabilities of occupancy suggests amphibians have a good conservation status in the region. They also appeared highly adaptable to anthropogenic substitution habitats. © 2017 Society for Conservation Biology.

Elementi di interfaccia per l’analisi di strutture murarie

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Jessica Toti

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Il presente articolo riguarda la modellazione del comportamento meccanico di elementi in muratura intesi come sistemi eterogenei composti da malta, blocchi ed interfacce di connessione. La strategiacomputazionale che viene adottata consiste nel modellare separatamente i blocchi, i letti di malta ed le interfacce responsabili di fenomeni di decoesione malta-blocco; a tale scopo, si propone uno speciale modello di interfaccia che combina il danneggiamento con l’attrito. Si sviluppa una procedura numerica, basata sull’algoritmo backward di Eulero, per risolvere il problema evolutivo; per il passo temporale si utilizza invece la tecnica predictor-corrector a controllo di spostamenti. Si effettuano alcune applicazioni numeriche con lo scopodi verificare la capacità del modello e dell’algoritmo proposto nel riprodurre la risposta non lineare della muratura dovuta a fenomeni di degrado localizzati. Infine, si conduce lo studio della modellazione di un arco murario, confrontando i risultati numerici con quelli sperimentali; si dimostra la abilità del modello proposto nel simulare il comportamento globale della struttura ad arco in termini di carico ultimo e di meccanismo di collasso.

[ACTIVITY OF Ca2+,Mg(2+)-ATPase OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND CONTRACTION STRENGTH OF THE FROG SKELETAL MUSCLES UNDER THE EFFECT OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES].

Science.gov (United States)

Nozdrenko, D M; Korchinska, L V; Soroca, V M

2015-01-01

The results of an experimental study of organophosphorus insecticides, including pirimiphosmethyl, diazinon and chlorpyrifos caused a decline of the contraction properties in m. tibialis anterior fiber bundles of Rana temporaria, as well as sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase enzymatic activity reduction are outlined in this paper. Concentration-dependent strengths response diminishing in isolated skeletal muscle fiber bundles as a result of non-cholinergic influence of organophosphorus insecticides were found. A decrease of Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase enzymatic activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum was observed after administration of each insecticide. The most significant inhibition of this enzyme was observed when using chlorpyrifos.

Intensification of Organophosphorus Hydrolase Synthesis by Using Substances with Gas-Transport Function

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Olga Senko

2017-12-01

Full Text Available We have performed studies and comparative analysis of the biosynthesis characteristics of intracellular recombinant enzyme, such as hexahistidine-containing organophosphorus hydrolase (His6-OPH in Escherichia coli SG13009[pREP4] cells when various perfluorocarbon compounds (PFC were introduced into the medium for cell cultivation. The PFC were found to facilitate the biosynthesis of His6-OPH: increased levels of the total OPH-activity (up to 37% were measured upon introduction of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tetradecafluorohexane (PFH and 4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-decaoxaperfluoro-5,8,11,14,17,18,21,24,27,30-decamethyl tetratriacontane (Polyether II into culture medium. We have demonstrated the possibility of effective and multiple (at least five-fold use of PFH for biosynthesis of intracellular recombinant protein His6-OPH, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides (OP, is widely used in agriculture and can be applied as new antidote for OP-detoxification in vivo. The multiple use of PFH was achieved through recycling of this substance: sediment of Escherichia coli SG13009[pREP4] cell biomass was collected at the end of each culture growing step and disintegrated with ultrasound, and obtained residue containing almost all of the initially introduced PFC was then added to the medium at the start of the following culture growing step.

Metal extraction by alkyl substituted diphosphonic acids. Part 1. P,P'-Di(2-ethylhexyl) methanediphosphonic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiarizia, R.; Horwitz, E.P.; Rickert, P.G.; Herlinger, A.W.

1996-01-01

Two novel extractants, p,p'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methanediphosphonic acid (H 2 DEH[MDP]) and p,p'-dioctyl methanediphosphonic acid (H 2 DO[MDP]) have been synthesized at high purity and yield. H 2 DEH[MDP] was selected for metal extraction studies because of its better physical properties. An investigation of the extraction of alkaline earth cations, Fe(111) and representative tri-, tetra- and hexavalent actinide ions from nitric acid solutions into o-xylene solutions of H 2 DEH[MDP] at different concentrations was performed. With a few exceptions, the acid dependencies of the extraction of the above metal species strongly resembles those measured in the uptake of the same metals by the chelating ion exchange resin Diphonix R , which contains gem-diphosphonic acid groups chemically attached to a polymeric matrix. The almost lack of acid dependency observed with Fe(III) and tetra- and hexavalent actinides indicates that these ions are chelated by H 2 DEH[MDP] mostly through the P=O groups of the extractant. With Fe(111) and the actinides, variable slopes of the extractant dependencies were measured, their values being strongly dependent on the acidity of the aqueous phase. H 2 DEH[MDP] possesses an extraordinary affinity for actinides and Fe(111). 26 refs., 7 figs

Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in fodder and milk samples along Musi river belt, India

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Korrapati Kotinagu

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Aim: The present study was conducted to find the organochlorine pesticide (OCP and organophosphorus pesticide (OPP residues in fodder and milk samples along Musi river belt, India. Materials and Methods: Fodder and milk samples collected from the six zones of Musi river belt, Hyderabad India were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector for OCP residues and pulsated flame photometric detector for the presence of OPP residues. Results: The gas chromatographic analysis of fodder samples of Zone 5 of Musi river showed the residues of dicofol at concentration of 0.07±0.0007 (0.071-0.077. Among organophosphorus compounds, dimetheoate was present in milk samples collected from Zone 6 at a level of 0.13±0.006 (0.111-0.167. The residues of OCPs, OPPs and cyclodies were below the detection limit in the remaining fodder and milk samples collected from Musi river belt in the present study. Conclusion: The results indicate that the pesticide residues in fodder and milk samples were well below the maximum residue level (MRL values, whereas dicofol in fodder and dimethoate in milk were slightly above the MRL values specified by EU and CODEX.

Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in fodder and milk samples along Musi river belt, India.

Science.gov (United States)

Kotinagu, Korrapati; Krishnaiah, Nelapati

2015-04-01

The present study was conducted to find the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) and organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) residues in fodder and milk samples along Musi river belt, India. Fodder and milk samples collected from the six zones of Musi river belt, Hyderabad India were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector for OCP residues and pulsated flame photometric detector for the presence of OPP residues. The gas chromatographic analysis of fodder samples of Zone 5 of Musi river showed the residues of dicofol at concentration of 0.07±0.0007 (0.071-0.077). Among organophosphorus compounds, dimetheoate was present in milk samples collected from Zone 6 at a level of 0.13±0.006 (0.111-0.167). The residues of OCPs, OPPs and cyclodies were below the detection limit in the remaining fodder and milk samples collected from Musi river belt in the present study. The results indicate that the pesticide residues in fodder and milk samples were well below the maximum residue level (MRL) values, whereas dicofol in fodder and dimethoate in milk were slightly above the MRL values specified by EU and CODEX.

Sulla presenza di Sorex antinorii, Neomys anomalus (Insectivora, Soricidae e Talpa caeca (Insectivora, Talpidae in Umbria

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A.M. Paci

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Lo scopo del contributo è di fornire un aggiornamento sulla presenza del Toporagno del Vallese Sorex antinorii, del Toporagno acquatico di Miller Neomys anomalus e della Talpa cieca Talpa caeca in Umbria, dove le specie risultano accertate ormai da qualche anno. A tal fine sono stati rivisitati i reperti collezionati e la bibliografia conosciuta. Toporagno del Vallese: elevato di recente a livello di specie da Brünner et al. (2002, altrimenti considerato sottospecie del Toporagno comune (S. araneus antinorii. È conservato uno di tre crani incompleti (mancano mandibole ed incisivi superiori al momento prudenzialmente riferiti a Sorex cfr. antinorii, provenienti dall?Appennino umbro-marchigiano settentrionale (dintorni di Scalocchio - PG, 590 m. s.l.m. e determinati sulla base della pigmentazione rossa degli ipoconi del M¹ e M²; Toporagno acquatico di Miller: tre crani (Breda in Paci e Romano op. cit. e un esemplare intero (Paci, ined. sono stati trovati a pochi chilometri di distanza gli uni dall?altro tra i comuni di Assisi e Valfabbrica, in ambienti mediocollinari limitrofi al Parco Regionale del M.te Subasio (Perugia. In provincia di Terni la specie viene segnalata da Isotti (op. cit. per i dintorni di Orvieto. Talpa cieca: sono noti una femmina e un maschio raccolti nel comune di Pietralunga (PG, rispettivamente in una conifereta a Pinus nigra (m. 630 s.l.m. e nelle vicinanze di un bosco misto collinare a prevalenza di Quercus cerris (m. 640 s.l.m.. Recentemente un terzo individuo è stato rinvenuto nel comune di Sigillo (PG, all?interno del Parco Regionale di M.te Cucco, sul margine di una faggeta a 1100 m s.l.m. In entrambi i casi l?areale della specie è risultato parapatrico con quello di Talpa europaea.

Lezioni di meccanica razionale con elementi di statica grafica

CERN Document Server

Sbrana, Francesco

1950-01-01

Elementi di calcolo vettoriale ; riduzione di un sistema qualunque di vettori applicati ; trattazione analitica dei sistemi di vettori applicati ; uso dei poligni funicolari per la composizione di più vettori applicati complanari ; vettori variabili ; cinematica del punto ; studio del moto di un punto in un piano in coordinate polari ; cinematica de sistemi rigidi ; moto di un sistema rigido con un punto fisso (moto rigido sferico) ; moto relativo ; sistemi di punti in general, vincoli ; concetti e postulati fondamentali della meccanica ; unità mecchaniche, omogeneità, modelli ; equilibrio di un punto e di un sistema di punti materiali ; statica dei solidi indeformabili (sistemi rigidi) ; sistemi deformabili, travature reticolari ; equilibrio dei poligoni funicolari e delle curve funicolari ; nozioni sull'attrito ; integrazione grafica ; baricentri ; momenti d'inerzia ; calcolo grafico dei momenti statici e dei momenti d'inerzia dei sistemi piani ; dinamica del punto libero ; dinamica del punto vincolato ;...

Esters of Quinoxaline 1ˏ4-Di-N-oxide with Cytotoxic Activity on Tumor Cell Lines Based on NCI-60 Panel

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera, Gildardo; Ahmad Shah, Syed Shoaib; Arrieta-Baez, Daniel; Palos, Isidro; Mongue, Antonio; Sánchez-Torres, Luvia Enid

2017-01-01

Quinoxalines display diverse and interesting pharmacological activities as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic and anticancer agents. Particularly, their 1ˏ4-di-N-oxide derivatives have proved to be cytotoxic agents that are active under hypoxic conditions as that of solid tumours. A new series of quinoxaline 1ˏ4-di-N-oxide substitutes at 7-position with esters group were synthetized and characterized by infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Seventeen derivatives (M1-M3, E1-E8, P1-P3 and DR1-DR3) were selected and evaluated for antitumor activities using the NCI-60 human tumor cell lines screen. Results showed that E7, P3 and E6 were the most active compounds against the cell lines tested. Substitutions at 7-position with esters group not necessarily affect the biological activity, but the nature of the esters group could exert an influence on the selectivity. Additionally, substitutions at 2-position influenced the cytotoxic activity of the compounds. PMID:29201086

[Feasibility investigation of hydrogen instead of helium as carrier gas in the determination of five organophosphorus pesticides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Zhenxue; Zhou, Shixue

2015-01-01

Helium is almost the only choosable carrier gas used in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A mixed standard solution of five organophosphorus pesticides was analyzed by using GC-MS, and hydrogen or helium as carrier gas, so as to study the feasibility of hydrogen instead of helium as carrier gas for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides. Combining a mass spectrum database built by ourselves, the results were deconvolved and identified by Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution & Identification System (AMDIS32), a software belonging to the workstation of the instrument. Then, the statistical software, IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 was used for the clustering analysis of the data. The results indicated that when hydrogen was used as carrier gas, the peaks of the pesticides detected were slightly earlier than those when helium used as carrier gas, but the resolutions of the chromatographic peaks were lower, and the fraction good indices (Frac. Good) were lower, too. When hydrogen was used as carrier gas, the signals of the pesticides were unstable, the measuring accuracies of the pesticides were reduced too, and even more, some compounds were undetectable. Therefore, considering the measuring accuracy, the signal stability, and the safety, etc., hydrogen should be cautiously used as carrier gas in the determination of organophosphorus pesticides by GC-MS.

Studio del comportamento di agenti di contrasto in campi ultracustici per tecniche di ecografia diagnostica

OpenAIRE

BIAGIONI, ANGELO

2011-01-01

Il presente lavoro di ricerca è stato articolato intorno a temi attinenti l’ingegneria biomedica, riguardando, in particolare, lo studio del comportamento di agenti di contrasto in campi ultracustici per tecniche di ecografia diagnostica. Nell’ambito di tale settore scientifico, un ruolo di fondamentale importanza è svolto dalla diagnostica medica per immagini e in particolare dalle tecniche ecografiche. Queste ultime rappresentano un ottimo compromesso tra la pericolosità per l’organismo e l...

Synthesis and Cyclopolymerzation of N-Aryl Di ‎AllylAmins As Antioxidants for Lubricant's Oil

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Firyal M. Ali ‎

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In this research many new N-aryl substituted di allylAmins were  synthesized [ A1-A2 ] which were Polymerized by free radically mechanism by using Ammonium per sulfate  as an initiator at 700C .The new hindered   amines   as  cyclo  polymers  were  characterized  by FTIR  and  H-NMR Spectroscopies ,Physical   and   chemical properties were measured  using TGA and DSC to   study   the thermal stability  of   prepared  cyclopolymers  . These   prepared  N-aromatic  substituted di allylamins cyclopolymers [ A3 - A4 ]  were  used  as  antioxidants  for  lubricant  oil  .   which   give    high stability   when  comparing  with standard  antioxidant . The oxidation stability of base  oil with (1% additive  were  examined according to Institute of Petroleum testing method IP280 

Synthesis and Cyclopolymerzation of N-Aryl Di ‎AllylAmins As Antioxidants for Lubricant's Oil

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Firyal M. Ali ‎

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In this research many new N-aryl substituted di allylAmins were  synthesized [ A1-A2 ] which were Polymerized by free radically mechanism by using Ammonium per sulfate  as an initiator at 700C .The new hindered   amines   as  cyclo  polymers  were  characterized  by FTIR  and  H-NMR Spectroscopies ,Physical   and   chemical properties were measured  using TGA and DSC to   study   the thermal stability  of   prepared  cyclopolymers  . These   prepared  N-aromatic  substituted di allylamins cyclopolymers [ A3 - A4 ]  were  used  as  antioxidants  for  lubricant  oil  .   which   give    high stability   when  comparing  with standard  antioxidant . The oxidation stability of base  oil with (1% additive  were  examined according to Institute of Petroleum testing method IP280

A Common Mechanism for Resistance to Oxime Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Compounds

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

reactivated than AChE conjugates inhibited by the corresponding Rp enantiomers and this effect is enhanced as the size of the O-alkyl substituents of OP...Organophosphates and Carbamates, Butterworth & Heinemann , Oxford, 1992. pp. 555–577. [2] P. Taylor, Anticholinesterase agents, in: L.L. Brunton, J.S...application of the Hammett equation with the constants rph in the chemistry of organophosphorus compounds, Russ. Chem. Rev. 38 (1969) 795–811. [13

Influence of electron delocalization in heterocyclic core systems on the electrochemical communication in 2,5-di- and 2,3,4,5-tetraferrocenyl thiophenes, furans, and pyrroles.

Science.gov (United States)

Hildebrandt, Alexander; Schaarschmidt, Dieter; Claus, Ron; Lang, Heinrich

2011-11-07

A series of 2,5-di- and 2,3,4,5-tetraferrocenyl-substituted thiophenes, furans, and pyrroles were synthesized using the Negishi C,C cross-coupling protocol. The electronic and electrochemical properties of these compounds were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and in situ UV-vis/NIR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of 2,5-diferrocenyl furan and 2,3,4,5-tetraferrocenyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole in the solid state are discussed. The ferrocenyls could sequentially be oxidized giving two or four reversible responses for the appropriate di- or tetraferrocenyl-substituted heterocyclic molecules. The observed ΔE°' values range between 186 and 450 mV. The NIR measurements confirm electronic communication as intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) absorptions were found in the corresponding mono- and in case of the tetraferrocenyl compounds also in the dicationic species. All compounds, except tetraferrocenyl thiophene (a class I system), were classified as class II systems according to Robin and Day. They show a linear relationship between ΔE°' and the IVCT oscillator strength f which could be shown for the first time in organometallic chemistry. This was possible because the series of molecules exhibit analogous geometries and hence, similar electrostatic properties. This correlation was confirmed by electro- and spectro-electrochemical measurements. Within these studies a new approach for the estimation of the effective electron transfer distances r(ab) is discussed. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Alimentazione di Marmota marmota in praterie altimontane delle dolomiti bellunesi

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Alessandro Rudatis

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract The diet of Marmota marmota in the mountain prairie of south-eastern Italian Alps. Diet composition of two family groups of alpine marmots was investigated in two areas of the Agordino’s Dolomites (Italian Alps in June-September 2001, by means of microscopic analysis of faeces and of direct observation of feeding activity. During the whole period of activity, a high consume of Angiosperms was confirmed, especially plants in flower; among them the “graminoids” seemed to play an important role only during the initial part of the active period. Generally vegetative parts predominated over flowers. The ingestion of animal preys was not confirmed by the analysis of droppings. Comparing diet composition of the two groups, Graminaceae (Poa, Phleum, Compositae (Achillea, Cyperaceae/Juncaceae, Leguminosae (Anthyllis, Rosaceae, and Labiatae (Prunella, Stachys formed the bulk of marmot diet in the study areas. Diet showed low diversity considering the abundance of plant species in the surrounding environment. Food resources were probably used in relation to their easy digestibility, with a high content in proteins, sugar and water. The knowledge of vegetation features in relation to marmot trophic habits can represent a useful tool for the management of this species. Riassunto Il regime alimentare di due gruppi di Marmotta alpina è stato studiato in giugno-settembre 2001 in due aree delle Dolomiti agordine (SE Italia, attraverso l’analisi microscopica delle feci e l’osservazione diretta dell’attività alimentare. Durante tutto il periodo di attività si è notato un forte consumo di Angiosperme, specialmente piante a fiore, mentre le ”graminoidi” sembra giochino un ruolo importante all’inizio della stagione. In generale le parti vegetali predominano sui fiori. L’ingestione di prede animali non è stata

Programmazione del Network di 'Virologia Ambientale': Stato di avanzamento

OpenAIRE

Carlesi, Carlo

2004-01-01

Presentazione 'Power Point' dell'intervento all'incontro di lavoro 'VIRAMB II incontro del Network di Virologia Ambientale', presso l'Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana. Nell'intervento si presenta lo stato di avanzamento dei lavori riguardo la realizzazione dell'infrastruttura telematica del 'Network di Virologia Ambientale' promosso dal 'Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Infettivologia ed Epidemiologia' dell'Universit? di Pisa.

Ancora sulla coordinazione di indicative e congiuntivo nelle “Satire” dell'ariosto

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Mario Medici

1984-12-01

Full Text Available In"Lingua nostra" (XLII, 1981, pp. 43-44 mi sono occupato degli aspetti linguistici ed espressivi dei casi di coordinazio­ ne   di indicativa e congiuntivo in proposizioni dipendenti, ri­ scontrati nelle satire di Ludovico Ariosto: essi, tutti, trova­ no conferma testuale nella recente edizione critica, a cura di Cesare Segre, pubblicata nella collana mondadoriana di tutte le opere ariostesche (vol. III, Hilano 1984. Qualcosa tuttavia si può ora aggiungere e osservare più largamente, tenendo canto dell' apparato posto a piè di pagina, che viene a dimostrare ancora una volta la possibilita (che qui si presenta anche come "variantistica" di usi alternativi di indicativa e congiun­tivo in determinati sintagmi, tendendosi nel nostro caso speci­ fico in genere, con la diversa o mutata lezione, a un pareggia­ mento modale con conseguente livellamento a scapito di funzioni o valori espressivi. Alla compresenza articolat.i dei modi diver­si, alla più generale tendenza al congiuntivo, ben è  affidata la "sottigliezza" formale, stilistica ed espressiva della poesia ariostesca.

Simple, mild, and highly efficient synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and bis-benzimidazoles

OpenAIRE

Eren,Bilge; Bekdemir,Yunus

2014-01-01

A new convenient method for preparation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and bis-benzimidazoles is presented. In this method, o-phenylenediamines were condensed with bisulfite adducts of various aldehydes and di-aldehydes under neat conditions by microwave heating. The results were also compared with results of synthesis by conventional heating under reflux. Structures of the products were confirmed by infrared, ¹H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Short reaction times, good yields, easy purification...

Identificazione, caratterizzazione ed industrializzazione di ceppi di Streptococcus thermophilus per la produzione di yogurt

OpenAIRE

D'Alonges, Sara

2013-01-01

Il contesto globale del comparto agro-alimentare richiede ad oggi una ricerca continua per assicurare qualità e sicurezza degli alimenti. La produzione moderna di alimenti richiede elevato grado di standardizzazione, particolarmente la produzione gli alimenti fermentati che include un processo biotecnologico in cui la componente biotica gioca un ruolo fondamentale Di qui la necessità disporre di un’ampia gamma di microrganismi atti alla conduzione del processo fermentativo in modo da im...

40 CFR 721.6900 - Polymer of bisphenol A di-glyc-i-dal ether, substituted al-kenes, and but-a-diene.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Polymer of bisphenol A di-glyc-i-dal... SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.6900 Polymer of bisphenol A di-glyc-i... subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substances identified generically as polymer of bisphenol A...

Verde urbano e processi ambientali: per una progettazione di paesaggio multifunzionale

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Raffaele Pelorosso

2013-04-01

Full Text Available L’impermeabilizzazione delle superfici determina un’alterazione del sistema idrologico, con un incremento dei volumi e dei picchi dei deflussi delle acque meteoriche. Il fenomeno è destinato a progredire, sia per il contributo che vi deriva dalla costante crescita delle superfici urbanizzate (urban sprawl, sia per i cambiamenti climatici in atto, che accentuano la frequenza delle piogge critiche. Una serie di misure e tecniche (Best Management Practices, BMPs sono state sviluppate per la gestione sostenibile delle acque meteoriche urbane. Alcune  BMPs (es: verde pensile, bacini di detenzione/ritenzione, zone umide possono svolgere inoltre una funzione ecologica (divenendo habitat per specie animali e vegetali, di termoregolazione, estetica e di promozione del capitale sociale. È quindi necessario sperimentare metodologie di progettazione e gestione del verde urbano e periurbano, la cui multifunzionalità consente di perseguire la strada della sostenibilità ambientale. Su tale traccia, questo lavoro presenta un percorso metodologico orientato a valutare alcune strategie integrate di controllo dei deflussi urbani, attraverso l’aumento della permeabilità di alcune parti sensibili di città. Il verde, quindi, non è visto come semplice infrastruttura necessaria a soddisfare generici standard urbanistici, ma ne sono analizzate le funzionalità, in questa prima fase di carattere idrologico, ma che, in prospettiva, con la stessa armatura verde, esso può assumere un ruolo ecologico, sociale, di mitigazione del clima e di emissione di gas clima-alteranti.

Il controllo di gestione e operativo delle commesse per una impresa di costruzioni: nuovo impianto di trattamento e recupero di rifiuti urbani.

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Matteo Camprini

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Il mercato delle costruzioni in Italia soffre problemi di maturità da molto tempo. Dagli anni ’90, infatti, per superare i fatti di tangentopoli venne riformata la legislazione dei lavori pubblici per giungere a livelli di competizione maggiori e più simili a quelli esistenti in Europa.  In questo contesto le imprese che per la loro struttura culturale, organizzativa e produttiva mostravano maggiore sensibilità a tali aspetti avviarono processi di formazione e riorganizzazione introducendo specifiche procedure mirate alla gestione completa dei progetti trasformandosi così da imprese di sola produzione a imprese operanti per progetti.La presente memoria vuole descrivere il sistema di gestione attuato, le modifiche ed i miglioramenti che si sono susseguiti nel tempo,  la sua struttura organizzativa e gli strumenti di lavoro messi a disposizione.A conclusione verrà illustrata l’applicazione al caso concreto della costruzione del nuovo impianto di trattamento e recupero di rifiuti urbani.

Design e valutazione di una esperienza di mobile learning

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Marco Arrigo

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Analisi dello sviluppo scientifico e tecnologico nel campo di mobile learning, con particolare riferimento ai problemi di progettazione e valutazione nelle esperienze. Vengono analizzate le caratteristiche di metodologia didattica innovativa insieme a delle proposte per strumenti operativi concreti che consentano di progettare interventi didattici di mobile learning.

Analisi comparativa della dieta di alcuni carnivori opportunisti (Vulpes vulpes, Martes foina, Meles meles in Europa

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Anna Maria De Marinis

2003-10-01

Full Text Available L'ecologia alimentare della volpe, del tasso ed in misura minore della faina è stata ampiamente studiata in diverse aree comprese all'interno degli areali di queste 3 specie. La variazione geografica delle abitudini alimentari di questi carnivori definiti opportunisti è al contrario decisamente poco nota. Scopo del presente lavoro è la descrizione della variazione della dieta di faina, tasso e volpe attraverso l'Europa ed in secondo luogo l'analisi comparativa delle strategie alimentari adottate da questi carnivori. Sono stati analizzati 19 studi per la volpe, 11 per la faina e 23 per il tasso. Sono stati presi in considerazione soltanto gli studi della durata di almeno un anno nei quali la composizione della dieta, determinata tramite analisi delle feci, fosse espressa in percentuale di volume o biomassa e le categorie alimentari fossero dettagliatamente descritte. Gli studi sono stati divisi in gruppi in base alla regione climatica di appartenenza (mediterranea, centroeuropea, atlantica e boreale. Le categorie alimentari utilizzate nell'analisi della variabilità geografica sono: mammiferi, uccelli, anfibi, artropodi, lombrichi, altro animale, frutta, cereali, rifiuti. L'analisi delle componenti principali, condotta separatamente sulle 3 specie, ha consentito l'individuazione su di un grafico bidimensionale di due gruppi riferibili all'Europa centro-settentrionale ed alla regione mediterranea, con una percentuale di variabilità spiegata > 76% per ognuna delle 3 specie. La composizione della dieta del primo gruppo risulta caratterizzata da elevate percentuali di mammiferi e secondariamente uccelli per la volpe, uccelli ed altro animale per la faina e lombrichi, cereali ed anfibi per il tasso. La composizione della dieta nella regione mediterranea risulta invece caratterizzata da elevate percentuali di artropodi e frutta per tutte e 3 le specie di carnivori. L'analisi dicriminante ha consentito di differenziare gli studi condotti in ambiente

Sorted gene genealogies and species-specific nonsynonymous substitutions point to putative postmating prezygotic isolation genes in Allonemobius crickets

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Suegene Noh

2016-02-01

Full Text Available In the Allonemobius socius complex of crickets, reproductive isolation is primarily accomplished via postmating prezygotic barriers. We tested seven protein-coding genes expressed in the male ejaculate for patterns of evolution consistent with a putative role as postmating prezygotic isolation genes. Our recently diverged species generally lacked sequence variation. As a result, ω-based tests were only mildly successful. Some of our genes showed evidence of elevated ω values on the internal branches of gene trees. In a couple of genes, these internal branches coincided with both species branching events of the species tree, between A. fasciatus and the other two species, and between A. socius and A. sp. nov. Tex. In comparison, more successful approaches were those that took advantage of the varying degrees of lineage sorting and allele sharing among our young species. These approaches were particularly powerful within the contact zone. Among the genes we tested we found genes with genealogies that indicated relatively advanced degrees of lineage sorting across both allopatric and contact zone alleles. Within a contact zone between two members of the species complex, only a subset of genes maintained allelic segregation despite evidence of ongoing gene flow in other genes. The overlap in these analyses was arginine kinase (AK and apolipoprotein A-1 binding protein (APBP. These genes represent two of the first examples of sperm maturation, capacitation, and motility proteins with fixed non-synonymous substitutions between species-specific alleles that may lead to postmating prezygotic isolation. Both genes express ejaculate proteins transferred to females during copulation and were previously identified through comparative proteomics. We discuss the potential function of these genes in the context of the specific postmating prezygotic isolation phenotype among our species, namely conspecific sperm precedence and the superior ability of

Bat species richness and activity over an elevation gradient in mediterranean shrublands of Crete

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Panagiotis Georgiakakis

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract
The effect of elevation on bat species richness and activity was investigated in shrublands of central Crete (Greece using broad-band acoustic surveys. Recordings of echolocation calls were made in 15 transects equally distributed in three distinct elevation zones (500, 1000 and 1500 m a.s.l. during spring and autumn 2007-2008. Time-expanded calls were subsequently identified with the use of quadratic discriminant functions.
Out of 13 species recorded, Hypsugo savii, Pipistrellus kuhlii and Tadarida teniotis were the most common and abundant. Many Rhinolophus hipposideros were also recorded in all elevation zones. Thirteen species were recorded in the lower elevation zone, 7 species in the mid one and 8 species in the 1500 m a.s.l. sites. Species richness, the number of bat passes of the most abundant species, as well as the total number of bat passes were not significantly affected by elevation. In spring both species richness and bat activity were higher than in autumn, although the corresponding difference in temperature was not significant.
The high variability in both bat activity and the number of species found per transect in each elevation zone probably depended on the presence of other habitat types in the close vicinity, while roost availability and location might also have played an important role.
We suggest that the ability of bats to perform regular movements along the elevational gradient has to be taken in account when assessing elevational patterns in bat diversity and activity. The geology of the study area is also of considerable importance through its effect on foraging and roosting opportunities for bats.

Riassunto
Ricchezza specifica e attività dei chirotteri lungo un gradiente altitudinale nella macchia mediterranea di Creta
L’effetto della quota su ricchezza in specie e

Aspetti di continuità di lungo periodo dell’architettura di Venezia e osservazione sulla tipicità di alcuni processi di stratificazione

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Trovò, Francesco

2010-12-01

Full Text Available In order to interpret the links between Venice and Byzantium, it is firstly described how earliest houses in Venice were decorated by using sculptures coming from trading places. It is described the use of disassembled elements and the replacement of others, such as cornices, windows’ elements, coats of arms, among others. These were used firstly as a revival (Neo-Byzantine, 15th century, and later as reflection of the Venetian society «prudence», related to its behaviours and traditions. This prudence is mainly shown in the Renaissance. Besides this, other aspects such as the type of building and the façades, which are the main transformed surface, are analysed with the aim of researching periodical and characteristic dynamics, mainly in those façades showing stylistic renewal and new elements. Some external façades have maintained specific and easy observable characteristics, so they can be associated to a determined stylistic and morphological period. Other façades are stratified, as it is shown by the presence of elements (windows, cornices, … of different building phases. After tracing the main stratifying processes in about 40 study-cases, thanks to a macroscopic analysis, some ways of new composition elements and different stratified units are described. According to this, it is clear that the main principle is the searching for symmetry. Finally, some ways of intervention on the façades are described, highlighting some significant cases.[it] Nella prima parte dell’articolo viene descritto il modo di adornare le prime case veneziane con sculture importate dai luoghi del commercio, come ricostruzione del legame fra Venezia e Bisanzio. Si descrive l’uso di disaggregare e riposizionare vari elementi, come cornici, elementi di finestre, stemmi, prima come un iniziale revival, sia esso neobizantino o riferito al XV secolo, poi come manifestazione di «prudenza» della società veneziana, legata ai costumi, alle tradizioni. La

I ministri di culto delle confessioni religiose di minoranza: problematiche attuali

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Matteo Carnì

2015-06-01

SOMMARIO: 1. I ministri di culto nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano - 2. I ministri di culto delle confessioni religiose dotate di intesa - 2.1. (segue L’individuazione dei ministri di culto - 2.2. (segue L’assistenza spirituale nelle strutture segreganti - 2.3.(segue Il matrimonio celebrato dai ministri di culto - 2.4 (segue Problematiche attinenti ai ministri di culto buddhisti – 3. I ministri di culto delle confessioni prive di intesa - 3.1. (segue In attesa della legge di approvazione: i ministri di culto della Congregazione cristiana dei Testimoni di Geova - 3.2. (segue Islam e ministri di culto - 4. Osservazioni conclusive.

Il Servizio Intercultura dell’Istituto di Terapia Familiare di Firenze

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Giancarlo Francini

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Nel corso del presente articolo vengono descritte le premesse epistemologiche e le metodologie adottate dagli operatori del Servizio Intercultura dell’Istituto di Terapia Familiare di Firenze (ITFF nel lavoro con la popolazione migrante ed elencati gli interventi fatti nel territorio. Il Servizio Intercultura dell’ITFF si è interrogato in questi anni sul valore della cultura come porta d’ingresso nel rapporto con il migrante; nel chiedere loro di narrare aspetti della loro cultura condividiamo aspetti della nostra cultura. L’incontro con il malinteso, che come dice Jankelevitch «(… è un quasi niente» (Jankelevitch, 1987, p. 233, perché se fosse stato qualcosa di più ce ne saremmo accorti e se fosse qualcosa di meno non sarebbe significativo, ci permette di aprirci a un rapporto che cambia entrambi, operatore e migrante, nella relazione. È nella relazione e attraverso il racconto dell’evento migrazione e del ciclo di vita che si costruisce e si cerca un linguaggio comune per la descrizione e l’espressione del disagio. Il lavoro con i migranti deve fare i conti con le difficoltà legate all’impiego, alla casa, al permesso di soggiorno e non ultimo alla brevità di alcuni incontri, perché per alcuni la nostra città è solo una tappa di un percorso che continua alla ricerca di una sistemazione migliore. Nel territorio di Firenze sono stati messi a punto una serie di servizi: oltre alla clinica e a uno sportello di consulenza, ci si dedica alla formazione degli operatori che lavorano con i migranti. Esempi di queste attività sono: un progetto di peer tutoring in alcune scuole superiori, uno di formazione per le assistenti sociali al fine di proporre un protocollo più efficace di presa in carico dei migranti, una serie di focus group con dipendenti Asl all’interno del progetto “Mamma segreta” della regione Toscana; inoltre, la collaborazione con le associazioni presenti sul territorio ha permesso un contatto

Substituted 2,2'-bipyridines by nickel-catalysis: 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine.

Science.gov (United States)

Buonomo, Joseph A; Everson, Daniel A; Weix, Daniel J

2013-11-01

A simple, ligand-free synthesis of the important bipyridyl ligand 4,4'-di- tert -butyl-2,2'-bipyridine is presented. 5,5'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine is also synthesized by the same protocol. The syntheses efficiently couple the parent 2-chlorpyridies by a nickel-catalyzed dimerization with manganese powder as the terminal reductant.

Studio di prevalenza delle polmoniti in un'Azienda opsedaliera di Bologna

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E. Leoni

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: nell’ambito di un progetto di sorveglianza attiva dei casi di polmonite da legionella, è stata studiata la prevalenza di tutti i casi di polmonite ricoverati in un ospedale di Bologna, allo scopo di definirne la distribuzione per origine (comunitaria o nosocomiale, eziologia, caratteristiche individuali e di confrontarle con le polmoniti da legionella.

Metodi: per ogni caso con diagnosi clinica e/o radiologica di polmonite è stato compilato un questionario, raccogliendo le informazioni dalle cartelle cliniche. Tutti i casi di polmonite non specificata sono stati inoltre sottoposti al test per la ricerca dell’antigene di legionella nelle urine.

Proposal of development of an advanced IORT system; Proposta di sviluppo di un sistema IORT di avanguardia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ronsivalle, C [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Rome (Italy). Unita tecnico scientifica Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate; Casali, F [Bologna Univ., Bologna (Italy), Dipartimento di fisica; Colavita, E [Calabria Univ., Arcavacata (Italy). Diparimento di fisica; Lamanna, E [Magna Graecia Univ., Germaneto (Italy). Dipartimento di medicina sperimentale e clinica

2005-07-15

In the last years there has been an increasing interest on IORT (Intraoperative Radiation Therapy), also because of the development of dedicated accelerators. This technique represents a very effective oncological treatment consisting in delivering a single high dose on a tumour bed soon after surgery resection. In the following we present the proposal of development of a last generation IORT system based on the use of a linear accelerator with variable energy in the range 3-15 MeV, operating in C band (5712 MHz). Respect to the accelerator used in the commercial IORT systems operating at a typical frequency of 2998 MHz (S band) limited to a maximum energy of 12 MeV, the use of a higher RF frequency allows an increase of the maximum energy. This extends the use of the IORT technique to a wider field of tumors and an improvement of the system in terms of compactness and weight reduction. In addition the machine will be provided with a devoted absolute dosimetry system that will strongly simplify the procedures of dosimetric characterization. We intend to develop the system by a collaboration between ENEA, some Universities (Bologna, Catanzaro and Cosenza) and the national industry. [Italian] Negli ultimi anni si e sviluppato un sempre maggior interesse intorno alla Radioterapia IntraOperatoria (IORT), una particolare tecnica radioterapica che permette di irradiare la zona interessata da un tumore durante un intervento chirurgico utilizzando un fascio di elettroni prodotto da un acceleratore. La diffusione di questa metodica e stata favorita dalla presenza sul mercato di acceleratori installabili direttamente in sala operatoria. Come conseguenza di questa disponibilita sono emerse sia nuove esigenze legate alle particolari applicazioni cliniche, sia richieste di facilita di utilizzo e perfomances sempre piu sofisticate. Viene qui presentata una proposta di sviluppo di un sistema IORT di ultima generazione basato sull'utilizzo di un acceleratore lineare con energia

Proposal of development of an advanced IORT system; Proposta di sviluppo di un sistema IORT di avanguardia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ronsivalle, C. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Rome (Italy). Unita tecnico scientifica Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate; Casali, F. [Bologna Univ., Bologna (Italy), Dipartimento di fisica; Colavita, E. [Calabria Univ., Arcavacata (Italy). Diparimento di fisica; Lamanna, E. [Magna Graecia Univ., Germaneto (Italy). Dipartimento di medicina sperimentale e clinica

2005-07-15

In the last years there has been an increasing interest on IORT (Intraoperative Radiation Therapy), also because of the development of dedicated accelerators. This technique represents a very effective oncological treatment consisting in delivering a single high dose on a tumour bed soon after surgery resection. In the following we present the proposal of development of a last generation IORT system based on the use of a linear accelerator with variable energy in the range 3-15 MeV, operating in C band (5712 MHz). Respect to the accelerator used in the commercial IORT systems operating at a typical frequency of 2998 MHz (S band) limited to a maximum energy of 12 MeV, the use of a higher RF frequency allows an increase of the maximum energy. This extends the use of the IORT technique to a wider field of tumors and an improvement of the system in terms of compactness and weight reduction. In addition the machine will be provided with a devoted absolute dosimetry system that will strongly simplify the procedures of dosimetric characterization. We intend to develop the system by a collaboration between ENEA, some Universities (Bologna, Catanzaro and Cosenza) and the national industry. [Italian] Negli ultimi anni si e sviluppato un sempre maggior interesse intorno alla Radioterapia IntraOperatoria (IORT), una particolare tecnica radioterapica che permette di irradiare la zona interessata da un tumore durante un intervento chirurgico utilizzando un fascio di elettroni prodotto da un acceleratore. La diffusione di questa metodica e stata favorita dalla presenza sul mercato di acceleratori installabili direttamente in sala operatoria. Come conseguenza di questa disponibilita sono emerse sia nuove esigenze legate alle particolari applicazioni cliniche, sia richieste di facilita di utilizzo e perfomances sempre piu sofisticate. Viene qui presentata una proposta di sviluppo di un sistema IORT di ultima generazione basato sull'utilizzo di un acceleratore lineare con

Synthesis of D-fructose-derived spirocyclic 2-substituted-2-oxazoline ribosides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Madhuri Vangala

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The TMSOTf-mediated synthesis of β-configured spirocyclic 2-substituted-2-oxazoline ribosides was achieved using a “Ritter-like” reaction in toluene through nucleophilic addition of electron-rich nitriles to the oxacarbenium ion intermediate of 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-psicofuranose derivatives with concomitant intramolecular trapping of the C2 hydroxymethyl group on the electrophilic nitrilium carbon. These carbohydrate-derived spirooxazolines are stable and were obtained in good yield with high stereoselectivity due to the conformational rigidity imparted by the 3,4-isopropylidene group.

Monitoring of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in water during different seasons of Tighra reservoir Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Science.gov (United States)

Mamta; Rao, R J; Wani, Khursheed Ahmad

2015-11-01

Analysis of pesticides during different seasons for pesticidal contamination in water samples of Tighra reservoir was carried out on gas chromatograph-electron capture detector with capillary columns following multiresidual analytical technique. Organochlorine pesticides, viz., hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-benzene hexachloride (BHC), beta-BHC, γ-BHC, heptachlor, aldrin, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, p,p-DDE, dieldrin, o,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), p,p-DDD, p,p-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and endrin, and organophosphorus pesticides, viz., choloropyrifos, methyl parathion, diazion, dicholorovos, ethion, malathion, and parathion, were detected in water samples during different seasons. However, the pesticide concentration varied during different seasons at different sites. The prominent reason of contamination is the use of pesticides (both organochlorine and organophosphorus) in the agricultural fields near Tighra reservoir. On the basis of our observations, more extensive monitoring studies need to be carried out, covering all wetlands of Madhya Pradesh to enforce the policies for the restricted application of pesticides in agricultural fields adjacent to wetlands.

Size distributions of aerosols produced from substitute materials by the Laskin cold DOP aerosol generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hinds, W.; Macher, J.; First, M.W.

1981-01-01

Test aerosols of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP) produced by Laskin nozzle aerosol generators are widely used for in-place filter testing and respirator fit testing. Concern for the health effects of this material has led to a search for substitute materials for test aerosols. Aerosols were generated with a Laskin generator and diluted 6000-fold with clean air. Size distributions were measured for DOP, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebecate, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, and corn oil aerosols with a PMS ASAS-X optical particle counter. Distributions were slightly bimodal with count median diameters from 0.22 to 0.30 μm. Size distributions varied little with aerosol material, operating pressure, or liquid level. Mineral oil and corn oil gave the best agreement with the DOP size distribution

Fluorescent Chemosensors for Toxic Organophosphorus Pesticides: A Review

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Kenneth Fletcher

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Many organophosphorus (OP based compounds are highly toxic and powerful inhibitors of cholinesterases that generate serious environmental and human health concerns. Organothiophosphates with a thiophosphoryl (P=S functional group constitute a broad class of these widely used pesticides. They are related to the more reactive phosphoryl (P=O organophosphates, which include very lethal nerve agents and chemical warfare agents, such as, VX, Soman and Sarin. Unfortunately, widespread and frequent commercial use of OP-based compounds in agricultural lands has resulted in their presence as residues in crops, livestock, and poultry products and also led to their migration into aquifers. Thus, the design of new sensors with improved analyte selectivity and sensitivity is of paramount importance in this area. Herein, we review recent advances in the development of fluorescent chemosensors for toxic OP pesticides and related compounds. We also discuss challenges and progress towards the design of future chemosensors with dual modes for signal transduction.

Pilot-scale incineration of wastes with high content of chlorinated and non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants used as alternatives for PBDEs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsukami, Hidenori, E-mail: matsukami.hidenori@nies.go.jp [Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506 (Japan); Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563 (Japan); Kose, Tomohiro [Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603 (Japan); Watanabe, Mafumi [Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506 (Japan); Takigami, Hidetaka [Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506 (Japan); Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563 (Japan)

2014-09-15

Chlorinated and non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) including tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), diethylene glycol bis(di(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate) (DEG-BDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BPA-BDPP) have been used increasingly as alternatives to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other brominated flame retardants. For this study, five batches of incineration experiments of wastes containing approximately 1% of TCIPP, DEG-BDCIPP, TPHP, and BPA-BDPP were conducted using a pilot-scale incinerator. Destruction and emission behaviors of OPFRs were investigated along with the effects on behaviors of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Incineration conditions were chosen according to current regulations for waste incinerators in Japan and UNEP. The OPFRs in the input materials were mainly destroyed in the primary combustion with destruction efficiencies greater than 99.999%. Concentrations of the OPFRs in the exhaust gases and ash were, respectively, < 0.01–0.048 μg m{sup −3} and < 0.5–68 μg kg{sup −1}. Almost all of the total phosphorus in the input materials was partitioned into the ash, but less into final exit gases, indicating negligible emissions of volatile phosphorus compounds during incineration. Inputs of chlorinated OPFRs did not affect the formation markedly. Destruction and emission behaviors of unintentional POPs were investigated. Emissions of such POPs in exhaust gases and the ash were lower than the Japanese and international standards. Results show that even in wastes with high contents of chlorinated and non-halogenated OPFRs, waste incineration by the current regulations for the waste incinerators can control environmental emissions of

Pilot-scale incineration of wastes with high content of chlorinated and non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants used as alternatives for PBDEs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsukami, Hidenori; Kose, Tomohiro; Watanabe, Mafumi; Takigami, Hidetaka

2014-01-01

Chlorinated and non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) including tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), diethylene glycol bis(di(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate) (DEG-BDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BPA-BDPP) have been used increasingly as alternatives to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other brominated flame retardants. For this study, five batches of incineration experiments of wastes containing approximately 1% of TCIPP, DEG-BDCIPP, TPHP, and BPA-BDPP were conducted using a pilot-scale incinerator. Destruction and emission behaviors of OPFRs were investigated along with the effects on behaviors of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Incineration conditions were chosen according to current regulations for waste incinerators in Japan and UNEP. The OPFRs in the input materials were mainly destroyed in the primary combustion with destruction efficiencies greater than 99.999%. Concentrations of the OPFRs in the exhaust gases and ash were, respectively, < 0.01–0.048 μg m −3 and < 0.5–68 μg kg −1 . Almost all of the total phosphorus in the input materials was partitioned into the ash, but less into final exit gases, indicating negligible emissions of volatile phosphorus compounds during incineration. Inputs of chlorinated OPFRs did not affect the formation markedly. Destruction and emission behaviors of unintentional POPs were investigated. Emissions of such POPs in exhaust gases and the ash were lower than the Japanese and international standards. Results show that even in wastes with high contents of chlorinated and non-halogenated OPFRs, waste incineration by the current regulations for the waste incinerators can control environmental emissions of OPFRs and

Evaluation of medical countermeasures against organophosphorus compounds: the value of experimental data and computer simulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Worek, Franz; Aurbek, Nadine; Herkert, Nadja M; John, Harald; Eddleston, Michael; Eyer, Peter; Thiermann, Horst

2010-09-06

Despite extensive research for more than six decades on medical countermeasures against poisoning by organophosphorus compounds (OP) the treatment options are meagre. The presently established acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators (oximes), e.g. obidoxime and pralidoxime, are insufficient against a number of nerve agents and there is ongoing debate on the benefit of oxime treatment in human OP pesticide poisoning. Up to now, the therapeutic efficacy of oximes was mostly evaluated in animal models but substantial species differences prevent direct extrapolation of animal data to humans. Hence, it was considered essential to establish relevant experimental in vitro models for the investigation of oximes as antidotes and to develop computer models for the simulation of oxime efficacy in different scenarios of OP poisoning. Kinetic studies on the various interactions between erythrocyte AChE from various species, structurally different OP and different oximes provided a basis for the initial assessment of the ability of oximes to reactivate inhibited AChE. In the present study, in vitro enzyme-kinetic and pharmacokinetic data from a minipig model of dimethoate poisoning and oxime treatment were used to calculate dynamic changes of AChE activities. It could be shown that there is a close agreement between calculated and in vivo AChE activities. Moreover, computer simulations provided insight into the potential and limitations of oxime treatment. In the end, such data may be a versatile tool for the ongoing discussion of the pros and cons of oxime treatment in human OP pesticide poisoning. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

La figura di Maria Maddalena nella tradizione agostiniana del XII secolo e l'allegoria nuziale in Bernardo di ClairvauxUn'ipotesi di interpretazione alla luce di categorie di ordine psicoanalitico

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Elena Cartotto

2008-07-01

La lettura viene condotta sulla base di categorie concettuali di carattere psicoanalitico, in quanto tali categorie trovano la propria origine, prima ancora che nel pensiero, nella più concreta e profonda esperienza umana. Ed è proprio il collocarsi all'interno di questa viva esperienza umana che consente di cogliere in modo più diretto la dimensione antropologica che pare emergere dagli scrittori monastici di questo periodo.

Un progetto per l'attivazione di Agenda 21 Locale: monitoraggio della mammalofauna nell'area del Parco Regionale del Monte Cucco (Perugia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberta Mazzei

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Nell?ambito del progetto ?Attivazione Agenda 21 Locale? finalizzato alla realizzazione di studi per la certificazione e contabilizzazione ambientale, nel Parco Regionale del Monte Cucco, si è dato il via, a partire dal novembre del 2001, ad un?indagine di tipo qualitativo, mirata alla caratterizzazione dell?area Parco per quel che riguarda la presenza di specie di Mammiferi appenninici di interesse conservazionistico e naturalistico. Nel periodo che va dall?8 febbraio 2002 al 5 ottobre dello stesso anno, sono stati effettuati 16 transetti faunistici, distribuiti nell?arco delle quattro stagioni. Sono stati raccolti indici di presenza di 11 specie di Mammiferi appartenenti agli ordini degli Artiodattili, Carnivori, Lagomorfi, Insettivori e Roditori e i relativi IKA (indici chilometrici di abbondanza. I dati raccolti unitamente ad una ricognizione bibliografica, mirata a reperire informazioni pregresse e aggiornate sulla teriofauna locale, attraverso inoltre, l?effettuazione di interviste e il coinvolgimento della popolazione locale, hanno portato alla definizione di una Check-list della Mammalofauna del Parco, rappresentativa per il 56% di quella della Regione. La ricerca ha permesso di confermare per l?area la presenza del Lupo (Canis lupus e di evidenziare l?espansione a Sud del Capriolo (Capreolus capreolus. Parte integrante del progetto ?Cucco 21? era la definizione di proposte gestionali volte a migliorare il rapporto uomo-ambiente, laddove fossero state individuate situazioni di criticità oggettive o potenziali, in un?ottica di conservazione della risorsa naturale e di sviluppo delle attività antropiche. Significativi a tale proposito sono stati il caso del Cinghiale (Sus scrofa con l?osservazione del danno alle fitocenosi, soprattutto ai prati e pascoli cacuminali e del Capriolo. Per quest?ultima specie in funzione della sua espansione verso la parte meridionale del Parco, sono state avanzate delle

Are Synonymous Substitutions in Flowering Plant Mitochondria Neutral?

Science.gov (United States)

Wynn, Emily L; Christensen, Alan C

2015-10-01

Angiosperm mitochondrial genes appear to have very low mutation rates, while non-gene regions expand, diverge, and rearrange quickly. One possible explanation for this disparity is that synonymous substitutions in plant mitochondrial genes are not truly neutral and selection keeps their occurrence low. If this were true, the explanation for the disparity in mutation rates in genes and non-genes needs to consider selection as well as mechanisms of DNA repair. Rps14 is co-transcribed with cob and rpl5 in most plant mitochondrial genomes, but in some genomes, rps14 has been duplicated to the nucleus leaving a pseudogene in the mitochondria. This provides an opportunity to compare neutral substitution rates in pseudogenes with synonymous substitution rates in the orthologs. Genes and pseudogenes of rps14 have been aligned among different species and the mutation rates have been calculated. Neutral substitution rates in pseudogenes and synonymous substitution rates in genes are significantly different, providing evidence that synonymous substitutions in plant mitochondrial genes are not completely neutral. The non-neutrality is not sufficient to completely explain the exceptionally low mutation rates in land plant mitochondrial genomes, but selective forces appear to play a small role.

Multigram Synthesis of a Chiral Substituted Indoline Via Copper-Catalyzed Alkene Aminooxygenation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sequeira, Fatima C; Bovino, Michael T; Chipre, Anthony J; Chemler, Sherry R

2012-05-01

(S)-5-Fluoro-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxymethyl)-1-tosylindoline, a 2-methyleneoxy-substituted chiral indoline, was synthesized on multigram scale using an efficient copper-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular alkene aminooxygenation. The synthesis is accomplished in four steps and the indoline is obtained in 89% ee (>98% after one recrystallization). Other highlights include efficient gram-scale synthesis of the (4R,5S)-di-Ph-box ligand and efficient separation of a monoallylaniline from its bis(allyl)aniline by-product by distillation under reduced pressure.

La logistica nei processi di trasformazione dell’area orientale di Napoli

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Galderisi

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Stoccaggio e trasporto merci hanno assunto, già da alcuni anni, un ruolo rilevante nell’area orientale di Napoli, con impatti significativi sulla qualità urbana ed ambientale dell’area. In quest’area, anche grazie alla sua vicinanza ai principali nodi della mobilità (porto, aeroporto, stazione ferroviaria e alla significativa presenza di aree produttive dismesse o in dismissione, trovano oggi spazio numerose attività di stoccaggio e spedizione merci, in molti casi localizzate all’interno di ex aree industriali, in assenza di una reale ottica “sistemica”. Pertanto, a partire da una breve disamina dell’evoluzione dell’area orientale e di quanto previsto dagli strumenti urbanistici vigenti per la sua trasformazione, il contributo focalizza l’attenzione sul ruolo attuale dslle attività di stoccaggio e trasporto merci nell’area. Quindi, sulla base di alcune recenti esperienze di italiane e in riferimento ad ipotesi già avanzate per l’organizzazione di una piattaforma logistica nell’area orientale di Napoli -quale strumento per ottimizzare le necessità di stoccaggio e trasporto merci riducendone le esternalità negative- valuta la compatibilità di tali scelte con le prospettive di evoluzione/trasformazione dell’area e il potenziale ruolo che l’area potrebbe svolgere in una prospettiva di ri-organizzazione del trasporto merci in ambito urbano.

Studio del comportamento di Acanthamoeba. polyphaga in presenza di Legionella pneumophila e di altri batteri ad habitat acquatico

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M. Bondi

2003-05-01

Full Text Available Le amebe a vita libera sono state oggetto di diversi studi negli ultimi anni, non solo per le loro potenzialità patogene nei confronti dell’uomo, ma anche per l’importante ruolo che svolgono in natura, dove agiscono come predatori in grado di controllare le popolazioni batteriche. Alcuni degli organismi fagocitati però possono evitare la lisi fagosomiale e mantenere la loro condizione vitale a livello intracellulare, divenendo endosimbionti. Le amebe fungono così da riserva per questi batteri, proteggendoli da difficili condizioni extracellulari e provvedendo ad un ambiente consono alla loro replicazione. Tale tipo di interazione è particolarmente studiata in Legionella pneumophila, dal momento che l’ampia diffusione di questo germe, nonché la sua virulenza, pare siano fortemente influenzate dalla capacità di parassitare protozoi appartenenti ai generi Acanthamoeba, Naegleria e Balamuthia. Al fine di ottenere maggiori informazioni sui fattori favorenti o inibenti lo sviluppo di questi protozoi, è stato studiato il comportamento di un ceppo di Acanthamoeba polyphaga coltivato, in solido e in liquido, in associazione con L. pneumophila ed altri batteri ad habitat acquatico (Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Achromobacter, Burkholderia. Su tappeti di cellule batteriche allestiti in Non Nutrient Agar (NNA, A.polyphaga si è mostrata in grado di moltiplicarsi utilizzando come nutrimento tutti i ceppi testati, nonostante alcuni, come Burkholderia cepacia SSV6 e Achromobacter xylox SS28, risultino più idonei al suo sviluppo. In piastre a pozzetti addizionate di acqua condottata autoclavata, il protozoo ha mostrato una buona capacità di sopravvivenza, non risultando inoltre influenzato dalla presenza di legionella o dei batteri acquatici testati. Dal momento che, fra i batteri descritti come capaci di vita intra-amebica, sono inclusi patogeni quali Chlamydia, Legionella, Listeria e Rickettsiae, risulta necessario riconsiderare la rilevanza clinica

DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR THE EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES ON INFECTIOUS DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Science.gov (United States)

There is increased concern about the sublethal effects of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides on human and animal health. This class of chemicals has been shown to affect the immune function of macrophages and lymphocytes. Malathion, an OP compound, is one of the most widely used ...

Problemi di Fisica

CERN Document Server

Fazio, Michelangelo

2008-01-01

L’introduzione delle lauree triennali ha in molti casi costretto i docenti a ridurre drasticamente il numero di ore di insegnamento e quindi l’estensione dei programmi dei corsi di Fisica. In questo volumetto l'autore si è proposto di esporre sinteticamente ma con il massimo rigore possibile il corso di Fisica Generale I evitando le dimostrazioni delle leggi fisiche, ma dando la priorità alle applicazioni di tali leggi e allo svolgimento di esercizi che in genere viene trascurato in molti corsi. Ha cercato pertanto di presentare i fenomeni fisici sottolineando, dove possibile, la loro presenza nella vita quotidiana e le loro più semplici e immediate applicazioni, consentendo in tal modo agli studenti di vedere la Fisica non più come una interminabile serie di formule ma come un nuovo modo di interpretare e di capire i fenomeni naturali inanimati (del resto non dobbiamo dimenticare che il termine greco da cui deriva il suo nome è fisis, fisis, ovvero natura). Il contenuto è completo, comprendendo anc...

La necropoli neolitica a domus de janas di S. Pietro di Sorres in Comune di Borutta - Sassari

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Pier Paolo Soro

2009-05-01

Full Text Available La necropoli di Sorres si trova nel territorio del Comune di Borutta in provincia di Sassari. E’ ubicata lungo il versante SE del colle di Sorres, sul quale sorge imponente la chiesa in stile romanico di San Pietro di Sorres (XI-XII sec. sede dell’antica diocesi medievale. La necropoli è composta attualmente da cinque tombe a grotticella artificiale del tipo a domus de janas, scavate nella roccia calcara durante il neolitico recente ed in uso per tutto l’eneolitico. Si presume che fosse l’area sepolcrale dell’insediamento in grotta di Ulàri, una cavità carsica di notevoli dimensioni il cui ingresso si apre lungo il versante Nord del colle; la grotta ha restituito testimonianze archeologiche che vanno dal neolitico media fino al medioevo. La necropoli di Sorres, sebbene sia stata rimaneggiata nella forma degli ambienti ipogei e nella destinazione d’uso, costituisce una delle principali testimonianze del capillare tessuto insediativo del territorio del nord Sardegna.

Reduced intracellular c-di-GMP content increases expression of quorum sensing-regulated genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chua, Song Lin; Liu, Yang; Li, Yingying

2017-01-01

Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is an intracellular secondary messenger which controls the biofilm life cycle in many bacterial species. High intracellular c-di-GMP content enhances biofilm formation via the reduction of motility and production of biofilm matrix, while low c-di-GMP content in biofilm...... cells leads to increased motility and biofilm dispersal. While the effect of high c-di-GMP levels on bacterial lifestyles is well studied, the physiology of cells at low c-di-GMP levels remains unclear. Here, we showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells with high and low intracellular c-di-GMP contents...... possessed distinct transcriptome profiles. There were 535 genes being upregulated and 432 genes downregulated in cells with low c-di-GMP, as compared to cells with high c-di-GMP. Interestingly, both rhl and pqs quorum-sensing (QS) operons were expressed at higher levels in cells with low intracellular c-di-GMP...

Studio di prototipo di calorimetro per neutroni per l'esperimento ALICE

CERN Document Server

Arnaldi, R; Cicalò, C; Cortese, P; De Falco, A; Dellacasa, G; De Marco, N; Gallio, M; Macciotta, P; Masoni, A; Musso, A; Oppedisano, C; Piccotti, A; Puddu, G; Scomparin, E; Siddi, S; Serci, E; Soave, C; Usai, G L; Vercellin, Ermanno

1999-01-01

ALICE e uno dei quattro esperimenti previsti ad LHC, al CERN, il cui scopo e lo studio delle osservabili che danno informazioni rilevanti sulla formazione del quark gluon plasma, che potrebbe essere prodotto in collisioni centrali Pb-Pb, di energia nel centro di massa di 5.5 A TeV.Il parametro di impatto di tali collisioni verra determinato grazie ad un insieme di calorimetri per protoni e neutroni che misureranno l'energia portata in avanti dai nucleoni non interagenti(spettatori).E' stato costruito un prototipo di calometro per neutroni, formato da piani di fibre di quarzo, posti a 45 gradi rispetto all'asse del fascio e inframmezzati da piani di materiale passivo denso(tungsteno). La luce Cerenkov prodotta nelle fibre dallo sciame sviluppato nel materiale passivo,viene raccolta da guide ottiche in aria.Verranno presentati i rilustati di un test previsto al CERN SPS per il luglio 1999.

Annonaceae substitution rates: a codon model perspective

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Lars Willem Chatrou

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The Annonaceae includes cultivated species of economic interest and represents an important source of information for better understanding the evolution of tropical rainforests. In phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data that are used to address evolutionary questions, it is imperative to use appropriate statistical models. Annonaceae are cases in point: Two sister clades, the subfamilies Annonoideae and Malmeoideae, contain the majority of Annonaceae species diversity. The Annonoideae generally show a greater degree of sequence divergence compared to the Malmeoideae, resulting in stark differences in branch lengths in phylogenetic trees. Uncertainty in how to interpret and analyse these differences has led to inconsistent results when estimating the ages of clades in Annonaceae using molecular dating techniques. We ask whether these differences may be attributed to inappropriate modelling assumptions in the phylogenetic analyses. Specifically, we test for (clade-specific differences in rates of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions. A high ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions may lead to similarity of DNA sequences due to convergence instead of common ancestry, and as a result confound phylogenetic analyses. We use a dataset of three chloroplast genes (rbcL, matK, ndhF for 129 species representative of the family. We find that differences in branch lengths between major clades are not attributable to different rates of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions. The differences in evolutionary rate between the major clades of Annonaceae pose a challenge for current molecular dating techniques that should be seen as a warning for the interpretation of such results in other organisms.

Rimozione Urbana: La Necessità di una Nuova Direzione di Attività di Pubblica Amministrazione

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Eneida Criscuolo Gabriel Bueno Silva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Questo lavoro si propone di discutere la legitimità delle decisioni amministrative nel democratico Stato di diritto; il discorso e la democrazia sono correlati nel mondo contemporaneo, mostrando la necessità di discussione pubblica in attività amministrativa, in tale contesto, con il passare dell'atto amministrativo, la razionalità degli decisioni amministrativa dovrebbe essere dimostrata attraverso del processo amministrativo come mezzo di discussione in una prospettiva democratica. Pacifico che il discorso è un mezzo attraverso il quale la democrazia può avvenire, ma devono osservare qui: senza partecipazione sociale, senza coscienza politica, il discorso porta a una democrazia apparente. Questo articolo discute la relazione tra democrazia, discorso e attività amministrativa in processi di rimozione urbana, indagando gli aspette che riguardano, a fini de equilibrio nel rapporto tra stato e cittadino. Questo lavoro ha origine de una ricerca de 2232 documenti, utilizzando la tecnica di analisi di contenuto.

Isolamento di Brucella suis biovariante 2 da un cinghiale in Abruzzo, Italia

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Fabrizio De Massis

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Un cinghiale selvatico femmina, di circa due anni di età, è stato trovato morto dai Servizi Veterinari a Pianola di Roio a L'Aquila, Provincia situata nella Regione Abruzzo nell'Italia centrale. La carcassa è stata conferita all'Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" di Teramo per l'esecuzione dell'esame autoptico. Dai linfonodi sotto-mandibolari di questo esemplare è stato isolato un ceppo di Brucella suis biovariante 2. Questa è la prima segnalazione d'isolamento di B. suis nella Regione Abruzzo. Diversi autori hanno accettato, in passato, l'ipotesi che B. suis biovariante 2 sia stata introdotta in Italia attraverso l'importazione di lepri provenienti dai paesi europei in cui l'infezione è endemica nelle popolazioni selvatiche. Questa considerazione ha portato le autorità italiane a rafforzare i controlli esistenti sulle lepri selvatiche importate a scopo di ripopolamento. Tuttavia, attualmente, non è in vigore alcuna disposizione (né lo è stata in passato per il controllo della brucellosi nei cinghiali movimentati, sia a livello nazionale che europeo. L'isolamento di B. suis biovariante 2 da cinghiali in altre Regioni italiane geograficamente distanti potrebbe suggerire che questa specie, piuttosto che le lepri importate, possa essere stata la fonte d'introduzione dell'infezione in tali aree. Le norme nazionali ed europee di gestione della brucellosi nella fauna selvatica dovrebbero essere indirizzate al controllo dello stato di salute dei cinghiali negli allevamenti prima delle movimentazioni o del rilascio, con l'obiettivo di prevenire la diffusione di questo patogeno in territori indenni.

Evaluation of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against six vector mosquitoe species Avaliação de inseticidas organofosforados e piretroides sintéticos contra seis mosquitos vetores

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Domingo Montada Dorta

1993-12-01

Full Text Available Three organophosphorus compounds- malathion, folithion and temephos- and two synthetic pyrethroids- alphamethrin and deltamethrin- were used for monitoring the susceptibility status of larvae and adults of six vector mosquitoe species: Culex quinquefasciatus (Filariasis and Aedes albopictus (Dengue (both laboratory and field strains; laboratory strains of Aedes aegypti (Dengue, Anopheles slephensi and Anopheles culicifacies (Malaria, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Japanese encephalitis in India. From the LC50 values obtained for these insecticides, it was found that all mosquito species including the field strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus were highly susceptible Except for Cx. quinquefasciatus (field strain against malathion, 100% mortality was observed at the discriminating dosages recommended by World Health Organization. The residual effect of alphamethrin, deltamethrin, malathion and folithion at 25 mg (ai/m² on different surfaces against six species of vector mosquitoes showed that alphamethrin was the most effective on all four treated surfaces (mud, plywood, cement and thatch. Nevertheless, residual efficacy lasted longer on thatch than on the other surfaces. Therefore, synthetic pyrethroids such as alphamethrin can be effectively employed in integrated vector control operations.Três compostos organo-fosforados - malation, folition e temefos -e dois piretroides sintéticos - alfametrina e deltametrina - foram usados para controlar o estado da susceptibilidade das larvas e adultos de seis mosquitos vetores na Índia. Foram utilizadas cepas de laboratório e área de Culex quinquefasciatus (filariasis e Aedes albopictus (Dengue e cepas de laboratório de Aedes aegypti (Dengue, Anopheles stephensi e Anopheles culicifacies (Malária e Culex tritaenorhynchus (encefalite japonesa. Os valores de C1(50 obtidos para esses inseticidas mostram que todas as espécies incluindo as cepas de área foram muito susceptíveis. Nos

Peste equina: descrizione di focolai di malattia in Namibia

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Massimo Scacchia

2009-06-01

Full Text Available La peste equina è una malattia virale degli equidi trasmessa da vettori. Scopo di questo lavoro è di riferire su casi di malattia verificatisi in Namibia nel corso degli anni 2006-2008, osservati dal personale dell'Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale” e del Central Veterinary Laboratory di Windhoek, Namibia e confermati dagli esami di laboratorio. Il lavoro è stato possibile anche grazie alla fattiva collaborazione stabilitasi con i veterinari pubblici, privati e allevatori Namibiani.

Padrões morfológicos de diásporos de árvores e arvoretas zoocóricas no Parque Estadual de Itapuã, RS, Brasil Morphological patterns of diaspores from animal-dispersed tree and treelet species at Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

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Manuela Boleman Wiesbauer

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Diásporos são as unidades de dispersão das plantas e sua morfologia está relacionada a adaptações às estratégias de dispersão e estabelecimento. Neste estudo, foram avaliadas características morfológicas de diásporos de 64 espécies de árvores e arvoretas adaptadas ao consumo por vertebrados, no Parque Estadual de Itapuã, sul do Brasil, com o objetivo de relacionar características relevantes para a dispersão, como tamanho, formato e cor dos diásporos, com aspectos relacionados ao estabelecimento de plântulas, como massa e quantidade de sementes. Foram considerados dispersos por vertebrados aqueles diásporos que apresentaram estruturas carnosas. O comprimento médio dos diásporos das espécies analisadas foi 1,7 ± 1,67 cm (N = 1.402. Baseando-se em um diagrama de ordenação, produzido com o comprimento e massa dos diásporos e número e massa de sementes por diásporo, as espécies foram separadas em quatro grupos morfológicos. Espécies com poucas sementes por diásporo foram associadas à dispersão por aves, mamíferos ou estratégias mistas; a presença de muitas sementes de massa elevada foi associada à síndrome de mamaliocoria; e grande número de sementes de pequena massa e tamanho, à síndrome mista. O grupo com maior riqueza (35 espécies foi aquele com diásporos pequenos e poucas sementes, potencialmente aptos à dispersão por aves e com maior proporção em massa de sementes por diásporo.Diaspores are the dispersal units of plants and their morphology is linked to dispersal and establishment strategies. In this study we evaluated diaspore morphology in 64 tree and treelet species adapted to vertebrate consumption at Parque Estadual de Itapuã, southern Brazil. Our aim was to relate features crucial to dispersal, such as diaspore length, shape and color, to features limiting establishment success, like mass and number of seeds. We considered vertebrate-dispersed diaspores to be those with fleshy structures

L'ISOLA DI ARTURO DI ELSA MORANTE

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Vi è una curiosa atmosfera di attesa negli anni '50, ed è questa temperie morale che Elsa Morante rappresenta e interpreta nell'Isola di Arturo. Nel romanzo la Morante ci dà veramente un ritratto intero di quegli anni, nel senso che dal testo sorge una attitudine complessa, contenente in sè la percezione del tempo in corso, ...

Sol-gel niobia sorbent with a positively charged octadecyl ligand providing enhanced enrichment of nucleotides and organophosphorus pesticides in capillary microextraction for online HPLC analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Kesani, Sheshanka; Malik, Abdul

2018-04-01

A niobia-based sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent carrying a positively charged C 18 ligand (Nb 2 O 5 -C 18 (+ve)) was synthesized to achieve enhanced enrichment capability in capillary microextraction of organophosphorus compounds (which include organophosphorus pesticides and nucleotides) before their online analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. The sorbent was designed to simultaneously provide three different types of molecular level interactions: electrostatic, Lewis acid-base, and van der Waals interactions. To understand relative contributions of various molecular level analyte-sorbent interactions in the extraction process, two other sol-gel niobia sorbents were also created: (a) a purely inorganic sol-gel niobia sorbent (Nb 2 O 5 ) and (b) an organic-inorganic hybrid sol-gel niobia sorbent carrying an electrically neutral-bonded octadecyl ligand (Nb 2 O 5 -C 18 ). The extraction efficiency of the created sol-gel niobia sorbent (Nb 2 O 5 -C 18 (+ve)) was compared with that of analogously designed and synthesized titania-based sol-gel sorbent (TiO 2 -C 18 (+ve)), taking into consideration that titania-based sorbents present state-of-the-art extraction media for organophosphorus compounds. In capillary microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, Nb 2 O 5 -C 18 (+ve) had shown 40-50% higher specific extraction values (a measure of extraction efficiency) over that of TiO 2 -C 18 (+ve). Compared to TiO 2 -C 18 (+ve), Nb 2 O 5 -C 18 (+ve) also provided superior analyte desorption efficiency (96 vs. 90%) during the online release of the extracted organophosphorus pesticides from the sorbent coating in the capillary microextraction capillary to the chromatographic column using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography mobile phase. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Wheat by Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with HPLC

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Wei Liu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Food safety issues closely related to human health have always received widespread attention from the world society. As a basic food source, wheat is the fundamental support of human survival; therefore, the detection of pesticide residues in wheat is very necessary. In this work, the ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME method was firstly proposed, and the extraction and analysis of three organophosphorus pesticides were carried out by combining high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC. The extraction efficiencies of three ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonylimide (Tf2N anion were compared by extracting organophosphorus in wheat samples. It was found that the use of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonylimide ([OMIM][Tf2N] had both high enrichment efficiency and appropriate extraction recovery. Finally, the method was used for the determination of three wheat samples, and the recoveries of them were 74.8–112.5%, 71.8–104.5%, and 83.8–115.5%, respectively. The results show that the method proposed is simple, fast, and efficient, which can be applied to the extraction of organic matters in wheat samples.

Inventare l’altro. Forme di pseudo-traduzione nella scrittura di Salvatore Di Giacomo e Luigi Capuana.

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Valentina Fulginiti

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Being an extreme case of fictitious representation of linguistic otherness, pseudo-translation challenges the idea of a fatal and exclusive link between language and national ethos, a fundamental notion in the Nineteenth-century linguistic and literary culture. The present article compares two emblematic cases of pseudo-translation in post-Unification Italian culture: Luigi Capuana’s hoax Un poeta danese (published in 1882 and the earliest short stories published by Salvatore di Giacomo in 1878, mistakenly considered a plagiarizing translation from an uncredited German original. Their use of pseudo-translation is marked by opposite goals of parody and stylistic imitation; however, both authors challenge the fundamental assumption underlying the notion of «ethnicity of language». Pseudo-translation thus becomes a space of linguistic elaboration, complementary to the author’s direct involvement in translating major European works into Italian (such as Ibsen’s masterpiece A House of Dolls, which Capuana translated in 1891, and Edmond de Goncourt’s novel Sœur Philomèle, which Di Giacomo translated in 1892. Translation thus provides a free space for authors to experiment with new expressive solutions and challenge commonplaces about language and identity: such reflection on the limits of language and nations represent a direct contribution to the linguistic unification of Italy. Caso estremo di rappresentazione fittizia del- l’alterità linguistica, la pseudo-traduzione chiama in causa l’idea del legame unico e “fatale” fra lingua e nazione – concetto fondamentale nella cultura linguistica del XIX secolo. L’articolo mette a confronto due casi emblematici di pseudo-traduzione nella cultura meridionale post-unitaria: la beffa letteraria di Luigi Capuana Un poeta danese (1882 e le ‘tedescherie’ di Salvatore di Giacomo, gruppo di novelle pubblicate nel 1878 che molti considerarono (a torto un plagio da ignoto autore tedesco

In vivo tracing of organophosphorus pesticides in cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and aloe (Barbadensis)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qiu, Junlang; Chen, Guosheng; Zhou, Hong; Xu, Jianqiao; Wang, Fuxin; Zhu, Fang; Ouyang, Gangfeng

2016-01-01

In vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling method coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was employed to trace the uptake and elimination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in two kinds of edible plants, cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and aloe (Barbadensis). The metabolism of fenthion in aloe was also investigated by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC–MS/MS) to understand the fate of OPPs in living plants better. Transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) and depuration rate constants of the OPPs in living plants were obtained therein. The health risk of the OPPs treated aloe was estimated by the maximum residue limit (MRL) approach, and it revealed that the OPPs were rather safe for their fast degradable property. However, peak concentration of fenthion-sulfoxide was found to exceed the MRL and was higher than that of the parent fenthion, which indicated the potential risk of pesticide metabolites. This study highlighted the application of in vivo SPME for contaminant tracing in different living edible plants. The in vivo tracing method is very convenient and can provide more data to evaluate the risk of different pesticides, which are very important for the safety of agriculture production. - Highlights: • In vivo SPME was employed to sample organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables. • Uptake and elimination of OPPs were traced in cabbage and aloe. • In vivo tracing of fenthion demonstrated its metabolites could be rather dangerous. • The risks of OPPs were assessed based on the in vivo tracing data.

In vivo tracing of organophosphorus pesticides in cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and aloe (Barbadensis)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qiu, Junlang; Chen, Guosheng; Zhou, Hong; Xu, Jianqiao; Wang, Fuxin; Zhu, Fang, E-mail: ceszf@mail.sysu.edu.cn; Ouyang, Gangfeng, E-mail: cesoygf@mail.sysu.edu.cn

2016-04-15

In vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling method coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was employed to trace the uptake and elimination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in two kinds of edible plants, cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and aloe (Barbadensis). The metabolism of fenthion in aloe was also investigated by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC–MS/MS) to understand the fate of OPPs in living plants better. Transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) and depuration rate constants of the OPPs in living plants were obtained therein. The health risk of the OPPs treated aloe was estimated by the maximum residue limit (MRL) approach, and it revealed that the OPPs were rather safe for their fast degradable property. However, peak concentration of fenthion-sulfoxide was found to exceed the MRL and was higher than that of the parent fenthion, which indicated the potential risk of pesticide metabolites. This study highlighted the application of in vivo SPME for contaminant tracing in different living edible plants. The in vivo tracing method is very convenient and can provide more data to evaluate the risk of different pesticides, which are very important for the safety of agriculture production. - Highlights: • In vivo SPME was employed to sample organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables. • Uptake and elimination of OPPs were traced in cabbage and aloe. • In vivo tracing of fenthion demonstrated its metabolites could be rather dangerous. • The risks of OPPs were assessed based on the in vivo tracing data.

Comparison of the Efficiency of Simultaneous Application of UV/O3 for the Removal of Organophosphorus and Carbamat Pesticides in Aqueous Solutions

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Mohammad Taghi Samadi

2010-03-01

Full Text Available A vast variety of pesticides are used for agricultural pests in Iran. The release of these persistent organic pollutants. into water supplies leaves adverse effects on both the environment and public health. Advanced oxidation processes have been used recently for pesticide removal. In this research, the combined UV/O3 process has been investigated for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides (Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Carbamate pesticides (carbaryl. In this survey, samples have been prepared by adding given concentration (1, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L of the pesticides to deionized water. The samples at separation periods were exposed to the combined UV/O3 (UV=50-200 Wm-2 and O3 = 1g hr-1in a bath  reactor at different pH levels (6, 7, 9 and for different contact times (0.5,1,1.5,2 hr and the removal efficiencies were determined. Residual concentrations were determined using GC/MS/MS and HPLC.  Based on the results, increasing pH reduced pesticide concentration and increased contact time had a direct effect on enhancing removal efficiency. The combined UV/O3 process was found to have a high efficiency (>80% in degrading both halogenated Organophosphorus(Chlorpyrifos and non- halogenated Organophosphorus (Diazinon pesticides. Its removal efficiency for degrading carbamate pesticide (Carbari was found to be >90%. Based on our results, this method may be suggested for the removal of pesticides from aqueous solutions.

ACUTE EXOGENOUS INTOXICATIONS WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES: DURATION OF THE HOSPITAL TREATMENT AND CLINICAL CRITERIA FOR PROGNOSIS

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Petko Marinov

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Several criteria have been suggested to estimate the intoxication severity, yet so far no system of clinical criteria has been developed to determine the duration of hospitalisation. The forecast is linked to the influence of the extended corrected QT interval and GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale on the frequency of the developing acute pulmonary insufficiency and lethality. The average duration of hospital treatment is also crucial. First of all, it is determined by the intoxication severity and lasts from 3 to 26 days. The aim of this study is to develop an individual forecast about the duration of hospitalisation for patients suffering from acute exogenous intoxication with organophosphorus pesticides (OPP. Materials/Methods: The subjects are 160 patients. We use statistical regression analysis to study the significance of 5 of the most typical clinical indicators of organophosphorus intoxication on the duration of hospitalisation: type of conscience, presence of spasms, pulmonary oedema, shock and multi-organ insufficiency syndrome (MOIS. To forecast the treatment length, we obtain simplified mathematical expressions in the form of score estimates. Results: The significance of the clinical indicators “MOIS”, “conscience” and “spasm” has been confirmed. A forecast matrix that gives the opportunity to forecast the personal duration of hospital treatment for each patient has been built.

KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN MIGRASI VERTIKAL COPEPODA DI TELUK SUMBERKIMA BALI

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Media Fitri Isma Nugraha

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Penelitian keanekaragaman spesies copepoda yang hidup di sekitar keramba jaring apung (KJA di Teluk Sumberkima, Bali Utara dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2007 dengan posisi sampling 50L 0237293 UTM 9101738. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan distribusi vertikal populasi zooplankton khususnya copepoda di sekitar KJA Teluk Sumberkima pada beberapa tingkat kedalaman. Sampling copepoda dilakukan dengan memompa air laut sejumlah volume tertentu pada tingkat kedalaman masing-masing 0 m, 3 m, 6 m, 9 m, 12 m, dan 15 m. Air laut tersebut kemudian disaring pada 200 µm secara terpisah. Sampel copepoda diawetkan dengan formalin 4% untuk analisis mikroskopik di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara keseluruhan terdapat 3 ordo yang terdiri atas 22 spesies copepoda. Ordo yang mendominasi adalah Calanoida yang ditemukan pada setiap kedalaman, dilanjutkan oleh ordo Cyclopoida yang ditemukan pada kedalaman 0 m, 3 m, 6 m, 12 m, dan 15 m dan ordo Harpacticoida yang ditemukan di semua lapisan kedalaman. Spesies yang mendominasi di setiap kedalaman adalah Calanus sinicus dan Calanus minor. The aim of this experiment was to study biodiversity and vertical distribution of copepods around floating cage culture in Sumberkima Bay, North Bali, in sea water depth levels of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 meters at sampling site of 50L 0237293 UTM 9101738. The observation was done in February 2007. Samples were obtained by pumping and then filtering the seawater through 200 µm membrane filter. Samples were preserved in 4% formaldehyde for microscopic observation. Results showed that there were three orders from 22 copepod species dominated by the order of Calanoida found in any depth level followed by the order of Cyclopoida found at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 15 meters depth. Even though the order of Harpacticoida copepods was found in each observed depth level but this order was in little quantity. Dominant species at each depth level was Calanus

NOTE TASSONOMICHE E NOMENCLATORIALI SU ALCUNE SPECIE PALEARTICHE DI SIBINIA E TYCHIUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE

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Roberto Caldara

2009-10-01

Full Text Available In accordo con le disposizioni del codice internazionale di Nomenclatura Zoologica, vengono proposte otto azioni allo scopo di salvaguardare la stabilità della nomenclatura attuale di alcune specie della tribù Tychiini. seguendo le indicazioni dell’Articolo 23.9.1, Sibinia subelliptica Desbrochers, 1873 è considerato nomen protectum e Gymnetron schaumi Becker, 1864 è considerato nomen oblitum; Sibinia phalerata Gyllenhal, 1836 è considerato nomen protectum e Sibinia centromaculata Villa & Villa, 1835 è considerato nomen oblitum. Essendo presenti le condizioni richieste dall’articolo 75.3, vengono designati i neotipi dei seguenti taxa: Sibinia centromaculata Villa & Villa, 1835; Sybines pulchellus Desbrochers, 1875. Sono inoltre stabiliti i lectotypi di: Gymne­ tron schaumi Becker, 1864; Sibinia attalica Gyllenhal var. lateralis Desbrochers, 1895; Sibinia cinctella Desbrochers, 1898; Sibinia pozuelica Fuente, 1910; Tychius barceloni­cus Desbrochers, 1908; Tychius edentatus Desbrochers, 1895; Tychius pallidicornis Desbrochers, 1875; Tychius parvulus Stephens, 1831; Tychius seductor Desbrochers, 1908. Vengono proposte le seguenti nuove sinonimie: Sibinia bipunctata Kirsch, 1870 = Sibi­nia postsignata Voss, 1971 n. syn.; Sibinia exigua Faust = Sibinia cinctella Desbrochers, 1898 n. syn.; Sibinia femoralis Germar, 1824 = Sibinia attalica var. lateralis Desbrochers, 1895 n. syn. = Sibinia consanguinea Desbrochers, 1895 n. syn. = Sibinia attalica var. curtula Desbrochers, 1907 n. syn. = Sibinia dilataticollis Desbrochers, 1907 n. syn.= Sibinia seducta Desbrochers, 1907 n. syn. = Sibinia pozuelica Fuente, 1910 n. syn.; Si­binia pici Desbrochers = Sibinia otiosa Hustache, 1944 n. syn. = Sibinia praeventa Hustache, 1944 n. syn.; Sibinia subelliptica Desbrochers, 1873 = Sibinia schaumei Desbrochers, 1895 n. syn.; Sibinia unicolor Fåhraeus, 1843 = Sybines pulchellus Desbrochers, 1875 n. syn. = Sibinia ochreata Schilsky, 1912 n. syn

The influence of light, temperature and feeding on the growth of the Coras cladocora caespitosa and Balanophyllia europaea; L'influenza di luce, temperatura e alimentazione sulla crescita dei coralli mediterranei Cladocora caespitosa e Balanophyllia europaea. Risultati preliminari di una sperimentazione in ambiente controllato

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodolfo-Metalpa, R.; Abbate, M.; Peirano, A. [ENEA, Divisione Ambiente Globale e Mediterraneo, Centro Ricerche S. Teresa, La Spezia (Italy)

2001-07-01

In the course of the environmental studies, carried out by ENEA-CRAM Center of S. Teresa near La Spezia, research has been performed about bioconstructional organisms in the Mediterranean Sea. To understand how these organisms respond to environmental parameters an experiment has been carried out in aquaria. Specimens of the Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa and Balanophyllia europaea has been maintained in 80 independent aquaria for four months. Growth rates, pigments concentration and asexual reproduction of the corals were compared in experimental procedures with controlled conditions of light, temperature and food. Environmental parameters have been set out to simulate natural (winter and summer) ambient in the Ligurian Sea. Heterotrophic and autotrophic abilities of the corals have been compared. Results show different growth rates between the two species but similar heterotrophic growth patterns. Summer temperature largely influences growth rates and asexual reproduction of the species while light influence is small. [Italian] Nell'ambito delle ricerche svolte dall'ENEA sullo studio degli organismi biocostruttori nell'ambiente marino, e' stata svolta una sperimentazione al fine di valutare l'influenza di alcuni parametri ambientali (luce, temperatura e alimentazione), impostati in modo da simulare la naturale stagionalita' (inverno ed estate), sulla crescita e sulla riproduzione asessuale dei coralli mediterranei Cladocora caespitosa e Balanophyllia europaea. Queste sperimentazioni sono state condotte, per un periodo di circa quattro mesi, in ottanta acquari indipendenti caratterizzati da differenti livelli di luce, temperatura e alimentazione. Le valutazioni degli incrementi di peso e della crescita lineare sono state eseguite utilizzando differenti metodiche note in letteratura. Soprattutto la tecnica del Peso Galleggiante (Buoyant Weight) si e' dimostrata molto sensibile ed efficace. La capacita' (eterotrofia

Metagenomic Functional Potential Predicts Degradation Rates of a Model Organophosphorus Xenobiotic in Pesticide Contaminated Soils

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Thomas C. Jeffries

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Chemical contamination of natural and agricultural habitats is an increasing global problem and a major threat to sustainability and human health. Organophosphorus (OP compounds are one major class of contaminant and can undergo microbial degradation, however, no studies have applied system-wide ecogenomic tools to investigate OP degradation or use metagenomics to understand the underlying mechanisms of biodegradation in situ and predict degradation potential. Thus, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the functional genes and genomic potential underpinning degradation and community responses to contamination. Here we address this knowledge gap by performing shotgun sequencing of community DNA from agricultural soils with a history of pesticide usage and profiling shifts in functional genes and microbial taxa abundance. Our results showed two distinct groups of soils defined by differing functional and taxonomic profiles. Degradation assays suggested that these groups corresponded to the organophosphorus degradation potential of soils, with the fastest degrading community being defined by increases in transport and nutrient cycling pathways and enzymes potentially involved in phosphorus metabolism. This was against a backdrop of taxonomic community shifts potentially related to contamination adaptation and reflecting the legacy of exposure. Overall our results highlight the value of using holistic system-wide metagenomic approaches as a tool to predict microbial degradation in the context of the ecology of contaminated habitats.

Analysis of monomeric and oligomeric organophosphorus flame retardants in fish muscle tissues using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: Application to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from an e-waste processing area in northern Vietnam

OpenAIRE

Matsukami, Hidenori; Suzuki, Go; Tue, Nguyen Minh; Tuyen, Le Huu; Viet, Pham Hung; Takahashi, Shin; Tanabe, Shinsuke; Takigami, Hidetaka

2016-01-01

Using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography (LC), a novel analytical method was developed to quantify eight monomeric organophosphorus flame retardants (m-PFRs) and three oligomeric organophosphorus flame retardants (o-PFRs) in fish muscle samples. The optimization and validation experiments indicate that the developed method can determine accurately the concentrations of analytes in fish muscle samples. The recoveries of analytes in fish muscle ...

Il loricato acefalo di Rusellae (Roselle, GR: una proposta di identificazione

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Eleonora Romanò

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Lo studio è incentrato sul tentativo di comprendere la scena presente sulla lorica di una statua acefala di probabile fine età claudia rinvenuta nell'area archeologica di Rusellae (Roselle, GR all'interno di un edificio connesso al culto imperiale. La decorazione analizzata è composta da diversi elementi: un trofeo di armi ed un'aquila in posizione pressocchè centrale, ai loro lati si dispongono figure umane interpretabili come barbari e per le quali si propone l'identificazione con il britanno Caratacus accompagnato dai suoi familiari mentre rivolge una supplica di liberazione al Senato ed all'imperatore Claudio, secondo l'episodio riportato negli Annales di Tacito (12.33-40.

Psicoanalisi ed educazione: il lavoro di Vera Schmidt e di Sabina Spielrein nell’asilo sperimentale di Mosca (1921-1925

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Merete Amann Gainotti

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Negli anni 1921-1923 a Mosca, sulla scia delle profonde trasformazioni politiche e sociali innescate dalla Rivoluzione di ottobre si colloca un esperimento educativo originale, promosso da Vera Schmidt, una pedagogista formata alle idee psicoanalitiche, che si proponeva di cercare nuove vie educative per la prima infanzia sulla base delle recenti conquiste e conoscenze fornite dalla teoria psicoanalitica di S. Freud. Obiettivo di questo contributo è di fornire un breve excursus storico relativo alla diffusione della psicoanalisi in Unione sovietica e alla fondazione dell'asilo sperimentale di Mosca, di ricordare le figure delle due studiose Vera Schmidt e Sabina Spielrein che hanno animato l'iniziativa, il cui lavoro scientifico è rimasto in ombra rispetto a quello dei loro più famosi colleghi S. Freud e di C.G. Jung; infine si intende rendere conto dei principi educativi che esse cercarono di mettere in pratica nell'asilo sperimentale di Mosca.

Simple, mild, and highly efficient synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and bis-benzimidazoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eren, Bilge; Bekdemir, Yunus

2014-01-01

A new convenient method for preparation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and bis-benzimidazoles is presented. In this method, o-phenylenediamines were condensed with bisulfite adducts of various aldehydes and di-aldehydes under neat conditions by microwave heating. The results were also compared with results of synthesis by conventional heating under reflux. Structures of the products were confirmed by infrared, 1 H- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Short reaction times, good yields, easy purification of products, and mild reaction conditions are the main advantages of this method. (author)

Integrazione rigorosa di dati provenienti da fonti di acquisizione differenti

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Leandro Bornaz

2011-04-01

Full Text Available La geomatica mette oggi a disposizione di esperti di diverse discipline un’ampia gamma di strumenti e tecniche che vengono utilizzate estensivamente come sostegno per l’acquisizione, la contestualizzazione e la georeferenziazione di informazioni molto diversificate come ad esempio dati georadar, geosismici, interferometrici, provenienti da strumenti di misura spesso utilizzati in diversi ambiti e con sistemi di riferimento differenti, talvolta non direttamente compatibili tra loro. Questa problematica, spesso trascurata utilizzando un approccio di tipo classico, è stata affrontata e risolta in modo rigoroso dagli autori permettendo così l’integrazione corretta di dati di differente natura e provenienza.Integration of data acquired from different sourcesGeomatics today offers to experts from different disciplines a wide range of tools and techniques, which are used extensively as technical support for the acquisition, context and geo-refer-encing data coming from different investigations: geo radar, interpherometry, geophysics analysis. Each technology gener-ally provide data with different reference systems, often not di-rectly compatible each other. This problem, often overlooked by using a classical approach, has been resolved in a rigorous way by the authors thus allowing proper integration of data of different nature.

The new ECR charge breeder for the Selective Production of Exotic Species project at INFN—Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galatà, A.; Patti, G.; Roncolato, C.; Angot, J.; Lamy, T.

2016-01-01

The Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project is an ISOL facility under construction at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare–Laboratori Nationali di Legnaro (INFN-LNL). 1+ radioactive ions, produced and extracted from the target-ion-source system, will be charge bred to high charge states by an ECR charge breeder (SPES-CB): the project will adopt an upgraded version of the PHOENIX charge breeder, developed since about twenty years by the Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC). The collaboration between LNL and LPSC started in 2010 with charge breeding experiments performed on the LPSC test bench and led, in June 2014, to the signature of a Research Collaboration Agreement for the delivery of a complete charge breeder and ancillaries, satisfying the SPES requirements. Important technological aspects were tackled during the construction phase, as, for example, beam purity issues, electrodes alignment, and vacuum sealing. This phase was completed in spring 2015, after which the qualification tests were carried out at LPSC on the 1+/q+ test stand. This paper describes the characteristics of the SPES-CB, with particular emphasis on the results obtained during the qualification tests: charge breeding of Ar, Xe, Rb, and Cs satisfied the SPES requirements for different intensities of the injected 1+ beam, showing very good performances, some of which are “best ever” for this device

The new ECR charge breeder for the Selective Production of Exotic Species project at INFN—Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro

Science.gov (United States)

Galatà, A.; Patti, G.; Roncolato, C.; Angot, J.; Lamy, T.

2016-02-01

The Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project is an ISOL facility under construction at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nationali di Legnaro (INFN-LNL). 1+ radioactive ions, produced and extracted from the target-ion-source system, will be charge bred to high charge states by an ECR charge breeder (SPES-CB): the project will adopt an upgraded version of the PHOENIX charge breeder, developed since about twenty years by the Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC). The collaboration between LNL and LPSC started in 2010 with charge breeding experiments performed on the LPSC test bench and led, in June 2014, to the signature of a Research Collaboration Agreement for the delivery of a complete charge breeder and ancillaries, satisfying the SPES requirements. Important technological aspects were tackled during the construction phase, as, for example, beam purity issues, electrodes alignment, and vacuum sealing. This phase was completed in spring 2015, after which the qualification tests were carried out at LPSC on the 1+/q+ test stand. This paper describes the characteristics of the SPES-CB, with particular emphasis on the results obtained during the qualification tests: charge breeding of Ar, Xe, Rb, and Cs satisfied the SPES requirements for different intensities of the injected 1+ beam, showing very good performances, some of which are "best ever" for this device.

Stefano Jacoviello, "La rivincita di Orfeo. Esperienza estetica e semiotica del discorso musicale", Mimesis Edizioni, Milano – Udine, 2012

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Luca Marconi

2014-11-01

Full Text Available A partire dagli scritti di Roman Jakobson, Nicolas Ruwet, Jean-Jacques Nattiez e Gino Stefani, la relazione tra la semiotica e la musica è stata spesso affrontata da numerosi studiosi che anche oggi praticano, specie in Canada, in Finlandia e in Italia, la disciplina chiamata “semiotica (o semiologia della musica”. Negli ultimi anni, in questo ambito spesso si è preferito realizzare studi su alcuni problemi specifici piuttosto che concentrarsi su una teorizzazione generale. Al contrario, Stefano Jacoviello, dopo aver pubblicato brevi saggi di carattere prevalentemente analitico, in questo volume, di ampio respiro teorico, presenta una sorta di manifesto teso a rilanciare, specie in Italia, il ruolo della “semiotica del discorso musicale” come disciplina particolarmente adatta ad affrontare questioni teoriche generali.

Sviluppo e valutazione di test diagnostici per la sierodiagnosi di brucellosi suina

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Tiziana Di Febo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Sono stati sviluppati una ELISA competitiva (c-ELISA, una ELISA indiretta (i-ELISA e un test immunologico DELFIA (Dissociation-Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorescence Immunoassay per la ricerca di anticorpi verso Brucella suis in sieri di maiale e cinghiale. I tre test prevedono l’utilizzo di un anticorpo monoclonale (MAb 4B5A verso l’LPS di Brucella (c-ELISA e DELFIA e di un anticorpo monoclonale (MAb 10C2G5 verso le IgG suine (i-ELISA. La specificità (Sp e la sensibilità (Se dei tre test sono le seguenti: per la c-ELISA Se e Sp = 100% con un valore di cut-off pari al 61.0% (B/B0%; per la i-ELISA Sp = 99.1% e Se = 100% con un valore di cut-off di 21.7% (PP%; per il DELFIA Sp = 91.0% e Se = 75% ponendo il valore di cut-off al 37.0% (B/B0%. Inoltre sono state valutate le performance, nei confronti di sieri suini, di un test FPA (Fluorescence Polarization Assay commerciale sviluppato per la ricerca di anticorpi anti-Brucella in sieri bovini; la specificità e la sensibilità ottenute sono entrambe del 100% al valore di cut-off di 99.5 (mP. Questi risultati suggeriscono che la combinazione di c-ELISA, i-ELISA e FPA può essere utilizzata per migliorare la diagnosi di brucellosi suina.

Analisi dell'efficacia di un programma di prevenzione secondaria del carcinoma orale

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S. Iannazzo

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

In Italia i carcinomi del cavo orale (KCO sono diagnosticati
prevalentemente al II-IV stadio TNM con conseguenti basse sopravvivenza a 5 anni e qualità della vita. Una maggior frequenza di diagnosi allo stadio I porterebbe a migliorare ampiamente i valori medi dei suddetti parametri.
Scopo del presente lavoro è stato valutare l’efficacia di un programma di prevenzione secondaria del KCO in termini di aumento di diagnosi allo stadio I e di vite salvate.

Abbiamo stimato la prevalenza di casi istopatologicamente
accertati (livello C3 di leucoplachia, principale lesione precancerosa del KCO, nella ASL/RMA come prodotto tra la prevalenza stimata di leucoplachia diagnosticata clinicamente (livello C2 (2989,2Ĩ13077,7 e la proporzione, scelta arbitrariamente, di C3 tra i C2 (0,50.

Tenendo presente che nel campione studiato nella ASL/RMA la proporzione di KCO allo stadio I tra i C3 era 0,03, abbiamo stimato il numero di KCO.

Abbiamo stimato quanti KCO verrebbero diagnosticati allo stadio I se venisse attuato un programma di prevenzione secondaria, considerando diversi livelli di compliance, e sulla base di una sopravvivenza media a 5 anni, in Italia, del 53% per tutti gli stadi e del 79% per i KCO allo stadio I, abbiamo calcolato il numero di vite salvate. I valori sono stati espressi come IC95.

Le prevalenze di leucoplachia C3 e KCO sono risultate,
rispettivamente, 1494,6Ĩ6538,8 e 44,8Ĩ196,2. Con compliance del 10%, 40% e 75% verrebbero diagnosticati, rispettivamente, 4,5Ĩ19,6, 17,9Ĩ78,5 e 33,6Ĩ147,2 casi di KCO e le vite salvate sarebbero 1,1Ĩ5,1, 4,6Ĩ20,4 e 8,7Ĩ38,3 rispettivamente.
In termini di vite salvate i dati evidenziano la necessita di attuare programmi di screening del KCO, anche nell' eventualità di uno scarso coinvolgimento della popolazione a rischio.

Real-time PCR method applied to seafood products for authentication of European sole (Solea solea) and differentiation of common substitute species.

Science.gov (United States)

Herrero, Beatriz; Lago, Fátima C; Vieites, Juan M; Espiñeira, Montserrat

2012-01-01

Judged by quality and taste, the European sole (Solea solea) is considered one of the finest flatfish and is, thus, of considerable commercial value. In the present work, a specific fast real-time PCR was developed for the authentication of S. solea, i.e. to distinguish it from other related species and avoid substitution of this species, either deliberately or unintentionally. The method is based on a species-specific set of primers and MGB Taqman probe which amplifies a 116-bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) ribosomal DNA region. This assay combines the high specificity and sensitivity of real-time PCR with the rapidity of the fast mode, allowing the detection of S. solea in a short period of time. The present methodology was validated for application to all types of manufactured products for the presence of S. solea, with successful results. Subsequently, the method was applied to 40 commercial samples to determine whether correct labeling had been employed in the market. It was demonstrated that the assay is a useful tool in monitoring and verifying food labeling regulations.

Pianificazione urbana e comportamenti di viaggio: più di una relazione

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Elisabetta Vitale Brovarone

2010-04-01

Full Text Available L’influenza dei caratteri urbani sulla domanda di mobilità è un tema ampiamente dibattuto e studiato. Al di là delle assunzioni teoriche a riguardo, molti studiosi hanno tentato di individuare empiricamente nessi attestanti questo fenomeno. Gran parte della letteratura scientifica sul tema può essere ricondotta al dibattito sulla città compatta e sullo sprawl. Due principali obiettivi contraddistinguono questo dibattito: la comprensione delle complesse dinamiche che legano la domanda di mobilità ai caratteri urbani e l’individuazione di configurazioni sostenibili degli usi del suolo. Il fenomeno è dunque studiato al fine dello sviluppo di strategie fondate sull’integrazione tra i trasporti e gli usi del suolo, finalizzate a limitare l’uso dell’auto e ad ottenere una distribuzione modale degli spostamenti più equilibrata. Buona parte della ricerca scientifica, specialmente nell’ultimo decennio, è dunque focalizzata sull’identificazione di nessi causali tra gli usi del suolo e i trasporti, per supportare, o in alcuni casi mettere in discussione, esperienze e politiche integrate. Nonostante la quantità e varietà di studi dedicati al tema, il fenomeno è ancora lungi dall’essere compreso e dimostrato empiricamente. Il dibattito in proposito è ampio e l’impressione è che con l’aumentare degli studi in proposito e del livello di approfondimento delle analisi diminuisca la sensazione di chiarezza. Attraverso un’analisi della letteratura, l’articolo mette in evidenza i principali problemi emergenti dal dibattito. Senza negare l’importanza del riconoscimento di nessi causali tra i caratteri degli insediamenti e la domanda di mobilità, opinione di chi scrive è che l’individuazione di questi nessi non debba necessariamente costituire una condizione imprescindibile per la definizione e l’adozione di un approccio integrato.

Ipotesi progettuale di rigenerazione urbana: il caso di studio dell’ex Caserma Monti già Convento di S. Maria della Ripa nella città di Forlì

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Alessandro Castagnoli

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Un’ampia area dismessa nel centro della città storica, è stata considerata l’opportunità strategica per valorizzare e rigenerare anche interi brani di tessuto urbano circostante con l’obiettivo di riammagliare gli sfrangiamenti materiali e immateriali nel complesso rapporto fra passato, presente e futuro.Questo caso di studio ha consentito di approfondire un approccio meta progettuale più generale, puntando sulla ricerca di una metodologia appropriata rispetto alla progettazione dello spazio architettonico in quanto tale, con l’obiettivo di sviluppare ragionamenti di compatibilità nell’ambito della vasta tematica del riuso urbano ed edilizio.

Chiral 2-Aminobenzimidazole as Bifunctional Catalyst in the Asymmetric Electrophilic Amination of Unprotected 3-Substituted Oxindoles

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Llorenç Benavent

2018-06-01

Full Text Available The use of readily available chiral trans-cyclohexanediamine-benzimidazole derivatives as bifunctional organocatalysts in the asymmetric electrophilic amination of unprotected 3-substituted oxindoles is presented. Different organocatalysts were evaluated; the most successful one contained a dimethylamino moiety (5. With this catalyst under optimized conditions, different oxindoles containing a wide variety of substituents at the 3-position were aminated in good yields and with good to excellent enantioselectivities using di-tert-butylazodicarboxylate as the aminating agent. The procedure proved to be also efficient for the amination of 3-substituted benzofuranones, although with moderate results. A bifunctional role of the catalyst, acting as Brønsted base and hydrogen bond donor, is proposed according to the experimental results observed.

TYPHLOREICHEIA DELLA SARDEGNA: DESCRIZIONE DI TRE NUOVI TAXA E DATI GEONEMICI INEDITI (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE

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Paolo Magrini

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Nella presente nota vengono descritti tre nuovi taxa di Typhloreicheia Holdhaus, 1924 del Sud della Sardegna e riportati nuovi dati geonemici relativi a Typhloreicheia degiovannii Magrini, 2003 e Typhloreicheia raymondi (Putzeys, 1869. T. petriolii n. sp. di Monte Idda (San Priamo, Muravera, Cagliari, appartenente al “gruppo occulta”, sensu Magrini & Bulirsch 2002, diversa da tutte le altre specie del gruppo per l’edeago meno incurvato ventralmente, l’apice meno inflesso, la lamella copulatrice più corta e ristretta apicalmente anziché dilatata. T. abbazzii n. sp. di Arbus (San Gavino Monreale, Medio Campidano, caratterizzata da un edeago con apice fortemente ricurvo ventralmente e lamella copulatrice costituita da grosse spine evanescenti posizionate lungo il margine inferiore dell’apice dell’edeago, caratteri che pongono la nuova specie in posizione isolata nell’ambito del genere. T. leoi pilosa n. ssp. del Parco di Monte Marganai, loc. Mamenga (Carbonia-Iglesias, appartenente al “gruppo angelae”, sensu Magrini 2003. La nuova razza si differenzia dalla forma tipica essenzialmente per la morfologia esterna: presenza di setole discali elitrali su tutte le interstrie (dalla due alla sette, solo nelle interstrie 3-5-7 nella forma tipica e per l’habitus nettamente più dilatato, specialmente a livello delle elitre, come indicano le misure riportate nel testo.

Lezioni di fisica teorica

CERN Document Server

Caldirola, Piero

Richiami di meccanica analitica ; richiami di termodinamica ; richiami di elettromagnetismo ; appunti sulla teoria della relatività ; la non validità delle teorie classiche nel mondo microscopico ; la meccanica atomica di Bohr e Sommerfeld ; I fondamenti della meccanica quantistica ; applicazioni nell'equazione di Schroedinger ; meccanica quantistica dei sistemi l'atomo di idrogeno ; particella in un campo elettrico e magnetico ; il calcolo delle perturbazioni nella teoria quantistica ; teoria dell'emissione e dell'assorbimento della luce ; sistemi di particelle identiche ; il legame chimico omopolare nella molecola di idrogeno ; la teoria di Dirac.

Le tentazioni di un genere : sul fantastico nella narrativa di Tabucchi

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Patrizia Farinelli

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Nella rielaborazione di Tabucchi del genere fantastico, l'evento strano e inspiegabile non crea una sovrapposizione di due realtà inconciliabili, semmai richiama l'attenzione su una realtà già in partenza permeata di illogico e quindi inafferrabile. Anche l'esitazione del protagonista di fronte a tale evento appare ridotta e di conseguenza limitata la sua ricerca di spiegazioni razionali. La quete del personaggio tabucchiano non si indirizza ali' evento strano e inspiegabile, ma piuttosto al passato ìrrisolto che questo fa riaffiorare. In questo senso i criteri indicati da Todorov come basilari per i riconoscimento del genere non tengono più pienamente. Indubbio è tuttavia che, pur in presenza delle trasformazioni indicate, diverse strategie narrative del fantastico continuano ad essere utilizzate da Tabucchi per costruire una dimensione multipla, sia a livello di storia che di discorso. Proprio perché la scrittura postmodema fa delll' ambiguità momento centrale di riflessione, non può non essere tentata (e sedotta dal fantastico.

Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in tomatoes by gas chromatography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souissi, Sihem

2010-01-01

Chloropyriphos and malathion are two organophosphorus pesticides from many others pesticides widely used by famers in agriculture .Because of their bad effect on human health, officials standards are set by the international organisations and communities to ensure safer food for consumer .In the same way, scientists over the world are working hard to develop new detection techniques responding to the international requirements. In this study, an ' IAEA-ethylacetate method ', an adaptation of the popular QuEChERS multi residue method, was optimized to analyse chloropyriphos and Malathion residues in tomatoes .Ethyl-Acetate was used as an extraction solvent the PSA was kept for the clean up procedure. GC-NPD is used for samples analysis .The method optimized is specifique, selective with a recovery averaged more than 70 pour cent. A complete validation of the method is necessary to be used for routine analysis.

Riconoscimento in Italia di sentenza straniera di adozione da parte di un single con effetti legittimanti: il Tribunale per i minorenni di Bologna supera la Cassazione

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Maria Astone

2015-01-01

Full Text Available L’adozione del minore da parte di una persona singola torna all’attenzione della giurisprudenza che, ancora una volta, viene investita della questione relativa al riconoscimento ed efficacia di una sentenza straniera di adozione con effetti legittimanti. Tribunale per i minorenni Bologna 17 aprile 2013 si è trovato ad affrontare il caso di un genitore single, non coniugato, cittadino italiano, che, avendo ottenuto negli Stati Uniti d’America, una sentenza di adozione di minore, ne ha chiesto il riconoscimento. Due i problemi sottoposti al Tribunale: il primo, relativo alla competenza territoriale del giudice adito, positivamente risolto ai sensi degli articoli 40 e 41 della legge n. 218 del 1995 ; il secondo, invece, più complesso, legato agli effetti che il riconoscimento della sentenza avrebbe avuto in Italia. In particolare, per il giudice di merito si è trattato di stabilire se il provvedimento straniero di adozione potesse produrre anche in Italia gli effetti legittimanti dell’adozione ordinaria dei minori, già prodottisi negli Stati Uniti d’America.

Lezioni di analisi matematica

CERN Document Server

Sbrana, Francesco

1951-01-01

Calcolo integrale delle funzioni di una variabile ; serie di funzioni di una variabile reale o complessa ; proprietà notevoli delle curve piane e sghembe ; ancora sulla intregazione delle funzioni di una variabile ; derivate e differenziali delle funzioni di più variabili ; integrali curvilinei, e di campo ; equazioni differenziali ordinarie ; cenni sulle equazioni alle derivate parziali ; cenni sulle serie di funzioni ortogonali.

Osservazioni in cattività sul ciclo stagionale del peso corporeo e sull'efficienza digestiva di Pipistrellus kuhlii e Hypsugo savii (Chiroptera: Verspertilionidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gianna Dondini

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Captivity observation on body weight cycle and digestive efficiency in Pipistrellus kuhlii and Hypsugo savii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae Many bat species of cold-temperate climate are subject to seasonal variation of temperature and food availability. Fat reserve during summer-autumn is therefore a physiological adaptation to spend the winter months by hibernating or to sustain migration. During a research on bats in urban areas, two juveniles of Kuhl's bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii, 2 females and two juveniles of Savi's bat (Hypsugo savii, 1 male and 1 female were collected in 1997 in the urban area of Florence (central Italy. Bats were kept in a cage of 50x40x30 cm with a temperature between 17° and 22° C. Every day they were weighted with an electronic balance before eating mealworms (Tenebrio molitor. Digestive efficiency, calculated on dry material, was about 90% for both species. In about six months P. kuhlii and H. savii increased on the average of 450% and 280% in weight respectively. Deposition of fat reserve seemed to be faster in P. kuhlii than in H. savii. Both species showed a circannual cycle in the variation of weight. Riassunto Molte specie di pipistrelli dei climi temperato-freddi sono soggette a marcate variazioni stagionali di temperatura e disponibilità di cibo. L'accumulo di grasso in tarda estate-autunno è quindi un adattamento fisiologico per trascorrere in ibernazione i mesi invernali o per intraprendere la migrazione. Nell'ambito di una ricerca pluriennale sui pipistrelli in ambienti urbani, 4 esemplari giovani, di cui 2 di Pipistrello albolimbato (Pipistrellus kuhlii, 2 femmine e due di Pipistrello di Savi (Hypsugo savii, 1 maschio e 1 femmina, sono stati raccolti nella pianura di Firenze durante l'estate del 1997 e mantenuti in un contenitore di 50x40x30 cm ad

Prospettive della reazione di idroformilazione nella sintesi di composti biologicamente attivi

OpenAIRE

Marchetti, Mauro

2000-01-01

Il nostro gruppo sta conducendo uno studio su complessi di rodio con una nuova classe di leganti idrosolubili di origine proteica, tali complessi impiegati nell’idroformilazione bifasica in solvente acquoso di diversi substrati hanno fornito buoni risultati.

Life cycle assessment applied to two different municipal solid waste processes; Analisi del ciclo di vita di due diverse possibilita' di smaltimento di rifiuti solidi urbani

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Corti, A. [Florence Univ., Florence (Italy). Dipt. di Energetica Sergio Stecco; Sirini, P. [Florence Univ., Florence (Italy). Dipt. di Ingegneria Civile

2001-12-01

The application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology as environmental balance tool is particularly suitable for the study of complex system such as municipal solid waste (MSW) collection, treatment and disposal systems. In this case a detailed analysis is carried out referring to an overall environmental balance based on two different waste treatments: land filling and incineration. The comparison carried out based on the LCA methodology and referring to specific process assumptions allowed to foreground that waste to energy treatments get a net overall balance lower than all the different land filling options, referring also to energy recovery from collected biogas. [Italian] La applicazione di metodologie di bilancio ambientale LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) si adatta particolarmente allo studio disistemi complessi quali quelli di raccolta, trattamento e smaltimento di rifiuti. In questo caso viene affrontata nel dettaglio la valutazione in termini di bilancio complessivo di diverse opzioni di trattamento basate su posa a discarica e trattamento termico. Il confronto effettuato mediante il percorso metodologico seguito, ha permesso di valutare, sulla base delle ipotesi di processi fatte, come il trattamento termico con recupero energetico abbia un bilancio netto ambientale inferiore rispetto a qualsiasi opzione di posa a discarica, anche dotata di recupero energetico dal biogas.

I problemi di matematica della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa

CERN Document Server

Profeti, Alessandro

1998-01-01

Nasce come aggiornamento del volume precedente ("I problemi di Matematica della Scuola Normale", 1984) e raccoglie gli esercizi di matematica assegnati all'esame di ammissione alla Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa dal 1985 al 1997, con la loro risoluzione. Per rendere più efficace lo scopo didattico viene anche presentata una scelta di problemi relativi al periodo precedente (1905-1984). Il libro si rivolge a studenti e docenti della Scuola Secondaria, e si chiude con un Glossario in cui vengono richiamati i termini usati.

Analisi dell’utilizzo di Twitter nella costruzione di un seminario sperimentale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wolfgang Reinhardt

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Nonostante i massicci cambiamenti sociali e tecnologici che si sono verificati a causa del Web negli ultimi anni, i corsi universitari spesso enfatizzano metodi di insegnamento da tempo consolidati e basati su strumenti di apprendimento e risorse tradizionali. Durante tali corsi gli studenti spesso acquisiscono una conoscenza che non è aggiornata e che è lontana da un apprendimento realistico, basato su problemi. L'uso di strumenti e metodi più recenti spesso rimane fuori dalla padronanza degli studenti. In questo contributo si descrive brevemente l’impostazione sperimentale di un seminario in due università tedesche dove l’uso di Social Media per la comunicazione e la collaborazione è stato saldamente integrato alla progettazione di un percorso di apprendimento formale. Si illustra, inoltre, l'utilizzo di Twitter durante il seminario, usando metodologie riprese dalla Social Network Analysis.

Fleeing War. Due strategie di diserzione letteraria:I parenti del Sud di Carlo Montella e Going After Cacciato di Tim O’Brien

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Giulio Segato

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Il saggio indaga due diverse strategie di diserzione rappresentate in due romanzi di guerra: I parenti del sud di Carlo Montella e Going After Cacciato di Tim O’Brien. Nelle due opere analizzate la diserzione sembra essere collegata al conflitto che fa da sfondo al romanzo. Nel libro di Montella,il protagonista, ancora obnubilato dalle dottrine tautologiche fasciste, qualche settimana dopo l’armistizio di Cassibile decide di disertare e di fuggire nella villa di un’anziana parente, con lo scopo di rinsavire dall’ideologia del regime. Nel romanzo di O’Brien, invece, la fuga messa in scena dall’autore sembra avere gli stessi tratti grotteschi e assurdi del conflitto in cui è stato catapultato il protagonista,la Guerra del Vietnam.

Thermochemical studies of 4-tert-butylbiphenyl and 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Melkhanova, Svetlana V.; Pimenova, Svetlana M.; Chelovskaya, Nelly V.; Miroshnichenko, Eugenii A.; Pashchenko, Larisa L.; Nesterov, Igor A.; Naumkin, P.V.

2009-01-01

The standard massic energies of compounds of 4-tert-butylbiphenyl and 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl were measured at T = 298.15 K by static-bomb combustion calorimetry. The standard enthalpies of vaporization, fusion and sublimation were measured in a Calvet microcalorimeter, or by differential scanning calorimetry. The standard molar enthalpies of formation in the condensed and gaseous states were obtained from these data. The tert-butyl group increments for the substitution of one hydrogen atom in a position '4' in biphenyl molecule were calculated

Synthesis and uses of the amides extractants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Musikas, C.

1989-01-01

Carboxylic acids amides (RR'NCOCR''), malonic acid amides (RR'NCOCH 2 CONRR') and substituted malonic acid amides (RR'NCOCHR'' CONRR') are extractants of the actinides ions. They show good prospects for use in the nuclear industry because of their complete incinerability. In addition, their degradation products interfer much more less in the separation processes when compared with organophosphorus extractants. The synthesis and the purification of two typical extractants: N-N-di (2-ethylhexyl) butyramide (C 4 H 9 CHC 2 H 5 CH 2 ) 2 NCOC 3 H 7 and N,N'-dimethyl N,N'-dibutyl 1.3 diamide 2(3-oxa)nonyl propane (C 4 H 9 CH 3 NCO) 2 CHC 2 H 4 OC 6 H 13 are described. The purities, checked by NMR, elemental analysis and potentiometry, were in the range 98 to 99.5%. The yields for monoamides were in the range 70 to 90% and for the diamides 20 to 40%. 3 figs, 3 tabs, 10 refs

Simple, mild, and highly efficient synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and bis-benzimidazoles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eren, Bilge, E-mail: bilge.eren@bilecik.edu.tr [Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, (Turkey); Bekdemir, Yunus [Faculty of Science and Arts, Canik Basari University, Samsun (Turkey)

2014-07-01

A new convenient method for preparation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and bis-benzimidazoles is presented. In this method, o-phenylenediamines were condensed with bisulfite adducts of various aldehydes and di-aldehydes under neat conditions by microwave heating. The results were also compared with results of synthesis by conventional heating under reflux. Structures of the products were confirmed by infrared, {sup 1}H- and {sup 13}C-NMR spectroscopy. Short reaction times, good yields, easy purification of products, and mild reaction conditions are the main advantages of this method. (author)

Simple, mild, and highly efficient synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and bis-benzimidazoles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bilge Eren

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A new convenient method for preparation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and bis-benzimidazoles is presented. In this method, o-phenylenediamines were condensed with bisulfite adducts of various aldehydes and di-aldehydes under neat conditions by microwave heating. The results were also compared with results of synthesis by conventional heating under reflux. Structures of the products were confirmed by infrared, ¹H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Short reaction times, good yields, easy purification of products, and mild reaction conditions are the main advantages of this method.

Sub specie aeternitatis

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Laura Gioeni

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Per delineare il rapporto tra etica ed estetica nell'architettura e rispondere alla domanda principale «che cosa è o dovrebbe essere un buon architetto?», il saggio discute la tesi di Wittgenstein secondo cui «l'opera d'arte è l'oggetto visto sub specie aeternitatis e la vita buona è il mondo visto sub specie aeternitatis. Questa è la connessione tra arte ed etica».

Studio preliminare sul possibile utilizzo del sistema Uro-Quick per l’esecuzione rapida di antibiogrammi su ceppi provenienti da reparti di terapia intensiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisabetta Pezzati

2005-06-01

Full Text Available L’Uro-Quick, un sistema automatizzato ampiamente utilizzato per lo screening delle batteriurie sui campioni d’urina, è stato precedentemente impiegato per la valutazione della sensibilità agli antibiotici negli uropatogeni e per l’identificazione di resistenze ben caratterizzate veicolate da diverse specie batteriche. In questo studio sono stati esaminati utilizzando la metodica classica Kirby-Bauer per la determinazione dell’antibiotico sensibilità patogeni isolati durante il periodo settembre 2003 - marzo 2004 in reparti di terapia intensiva di un grande ospedale italiano e i risultati sono stati confrontati con quelli ottenuti con il nuovo sistema rapido Uro-Quick. L’antibiotico (in concentrazione appropriata è stato introdotto in una cuvetta Uro-Quick contenente 2 ml di Mueller-Hinton brodo, successivamente sono stati addizionati 0.5 ml di sospensione del ceppo da saggiare (5x105 CFU/ml. Una cuvetta priva di farmaco è stata utilizzata come controllo. Dopo 3 o 5 ore di incubazione (per i ceppi Gram-negativi o Gram-positivi rispettivamente i risultati sono stati interpretati nel seguente modo: l’assenza di sviluppo indicava sensibilità, mentre una curva di crescita analoga a quella del controllo rappresentava un ceppo resistente. I microrganismi Gram-negativi sono stati saggiati con ciprofloxacina (CIP, ampicillina (AM, piperacillina (PIP, aztreonam (ATM, amoxicillina-clavulanato (AMC, piperacillina/tazobactam (TZP, imipenem (IPM, ceftazidime (CAZ, cefotaxime (CTX, cefepime (CFP, cefuroxime (CXM, ceftriaxone (CRO, amikacina (AN, gentamicina (GM e trimethoprim-sulfametossazolo (SXT. I Gram-positivi, invece, sono stati saggiati con ciprofloxacina (CIP, clindamicina (CM, eritromicina (E, rifampicina (RA, ampicillina (AM, penicillina (P, oxacillina (OXA, imipenem (IPM, gentamicina (GM, streptomicina (S, tetraciclina (TE, trimethoprim – sulfametazolo (SXT, vancomicina (VA e linezolid (LZD. Sono stati esaminati 197 ceppi Gram

Allacciare i fili spezzati: analisi di tre autobiografie di persone divenute disabili

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Rosalba Perrotta

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Leggere autobiografie consente di conoscere esperienze e momenti della vita che restano ignoti a chi non li ha vissuti. Le autobiografie ci svelano un mondo e, nello stesso tempo, ci introducono in esso. Illustrano e spiegano senza illustrare e senza spiegare. Catturano il lettore nella narrazione e, rendendolo protagonista di quello che accade, gli fanno provare le emozioni di chi racconta e gli mostrano la realtà attraverso i suoi occhi. La corrente sociologica dell’Interazionismo simbolico, un approccio che dà particolare rilievo ai significati attribuiti dagli uomini agli oggetti di cui hanno esperienza, considera le storie di vita uno strumento di indagine prezioso. Il racconto di un tratto della vita, o della vita in genere, consente di raggiungere una conoscenza della realtà soggettiva di chi narra molto superiore rispetto a quella ottenuta attraverso questionari o interviste strutturate.

Feeding habits of a dormouse population (Myoxus glis of the Asiago Plateau (Venetian Prealps / Abitudini alimentari di una popolazione di Ghiro (Myoxus glis dell'altopiano di Asiago (Prealpi venete

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Daniel Franco

1990-07-01

rispettivamente minore e maggiore se confrontate con quelle delle popolazioni citate in letteratura. Questo comportamento trofico anomalo sembra spiegato dalle mutate condizioni della biocenosi, fondata originalmente su fustaie disetanee o cedui di Faggio e oggi sostituita artificialmente da fustaie coetanee di Abete rosso, utilizzato solo marginalmente dal Ghiro come fonte diretta di cibo. L'adattabilità del Ghiro a questo particolare regime alimentare risulta rapida e generale, forse anche a causa di un apprendimento sociale sottovalutato sinora in questa specie.

Photo-fragmentation behavior of methyl- and methoxy-substituted derivatives of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) cations

Science.gov (United States)

Zhen, Junfeng; Castellanos, Pablo; Linnartz, Harold; Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.

2016-11-01

A systematic study, using ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry, is presented for the photo-fragmentation of methyl- and methoxy-substituted derivatives of HBC cations, (OCH3)6HBC+ and (CH3)4(OCH3)2HBC+. Both substituted HBC cations fragment through sequential loss of CH3CO units upon laser (595nm) irradiation, resulting in a PAH-like derivative C36H12+ and a methyl-substituted PAH derivative C44H24+ , respectively. Upon ongoing irradiation, these species further fragment. For lower laser energy C44H24+ dehydrogenates and photo-fragments through CH3 and CHCH2 unit losses; for higher laser energy isomerization takes place, yielding a regular PAH-like configuration, and both stepwise dehydrogenation and C2/C2H2 loss pathways are found. C36H12+ follows largely this latter fragmentation scheme upon irradiation. It is concluded that the photo-dissociation mechanism of the substituted PAH cations studied here is site selective in the substituted subunit. This work also shows experimental evidence that photo-fragmentation of substituted PAHs may contribute to the formation in space of smaller species that are normally considered to form by merging atoms and molecules.

Penanganan Cyber Crime di Sektor Perbankan di Indonesia

OpenAIRE

Putra, Prima Agusdani

2011-01-01

Di dalam dunia perbankan perkembangan cyber crime cukup mengejutkan dengan terjadi beberapa kasus yang merugikan pihak perbankan seperti; kasus pembobolan BNI New York oleh mantan karyawannya sendiri, mutasi kredit fiktif melalui komputer di BDN Cabang Bintaro Jaya, pencurian dana di Bank Danamon Pusat. Sementara itu sejumlah nasabah pemegang credit card juga mengeluh, karena nomor kartu kreditnya telah dipakai pihak lain untuk melakukan transaksi e-commerce sehingga menimbu...

Buchi neri nel mio bagno di schiuma l’enigma di Einstein

CERN Document Server

Vishveshwara, C V

2008-01-01

"Le bolle stavano turbinando tutto intorno a me e massaggiavano il mio corpo ... Mentre me la godevo in questo fantastico bagno di bolle, i miei occhi si fecero pesanti e mi lasciaii trasportare in un dormiveglia sublimamente estatico". Così inizia l’incontro di Alfie con una vasca da bagno eccezionale e rivelatrice, acquistata da un vicino misterioso di nome Al. L’Enigma di Einstein, ovvero buchi neri nel mio bagno di schiuma, racconta la storia della teoria della gravitazione, dai suoi primordi fino agli ultimi sviluppi in astrofisica, focalizzandosi sulla teoria della relatività generale di Albert Einstein e sulla fisica dei buchi neri. Tramite conversazioni avvincenti e diagrammi scarabocchiati su tovaglioli di carta, si susseguono a ruota i rudimenti della relatività, dello spazio-tempo e di molti aspetti della fisica moderna. In scenette narrate con abilità pedagogica e notevole talento letterario, il lettore s’imbatterà nelle lezioni informali che un astrofisico cosmopolita tiene al suo amic...

Incidenza di meningiti nell'ASL di Brescia nei primi mesi del 2003

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M. Magoni

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: nell’ASLdi Brescia durante i mesi di gennaiomaggio 2003 si è verificato un consistente aumento di casi di meningite che ha allarmato oltre agli operatori sanitari anche l’opinione pubblica locale.

Metodi: i dati riguardanti i casi di meningite verificatisi dal gennaio 1999 al maggio 2003 sono stati raccolti dal Servizio Igiene Pubblica dell’ASLdi Brescia.

Tenuto conto della omogeneità dei dati nel quadriennio 1999- 2002 e della stagionalità che le meningiti possono avere, sono stati calcolati i tassi di incidenza per i primi cinque mesi dell’anno per tutte le meningiti in generale e per agente eziologico, durante il quadriennio 1999-2002. Tali tassi sono stati confrontati con i tassi corrispondenti nei primi mesi del 2003.

Risultati: nel primi 5 mesi del 2003 si sono registrati in tutto 48 casi, di cui 9 da meningocco, 13 da pneumococco, 14 virali, 3 da altri agenti batterici e 8 senza agente microbico identificato. Nei 4 anni precedenti erano stati notificati 66 casi di meningite nei primi 5 mesi dell’anno, con una media annua di 16.5. Il tasso di incidenza di meningite in gennaio-maggio è stato quindi il triplo nel 2003 (rischio relativo = 2.9 rispetto ai 4 anni precedenti (p=0.0001. L’eccesso di incidenza si è riscontrato per tutti i tipi di meningite considerati in base all’agente eziologico.

L’analisi per diverse età ha mostrato un aumento di incidenza sia nei bambini che nei giovani adulti e negli anziani. Non si è riscontrata alcuna differenza statisticamente significativa tra l’incidenza nel comune di Brescia (area urbana rispetto all’intera ASL nel periodo in studio.

Conclusioni: l’aumento di incidenza per meningiti
osservato nel 2003 non sembra spiegabile in termini di variabilità casuale del fenomeno da un anno all’altro e riguarda tutti i tipi di meningite e tutte le categorie d�

Degradation kinetics of seven organophosphorus pesticides in milk during yoghurt processing

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LI-YING BO

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Bovine milk spiked with seven organophosphorus pesticides, i.e., dimethoate, fenthion, malathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, phorate and trichlorphon, was fermented at 42 °C with commercial directed vat set (DVS starters to investigate the degradation kinetics of the pesticides during yoghurt processing. The spiked pesticides were extracted from the prepared samples with an organic solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography after purification. Based on published results that the degradation kinetics of pesticides is first order, the rate constant of degradation and the half live period of the pesticides were calculated. The results indicated that degradation of the pesticides in milk during yoghurt processing were enhanced by one or both starters, except for malathion, and the two commercial DVS starters had different influences on the degradation kinetics of the pesticides.

Nicotine And The Risk Of Exposure To The Organophosphorus Insecticide Cyolane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hassanin M, M.; Bahig Mervat, E.

1999-01-01

The present investigation was undertaken to show the effect of repeated oral doses of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) on rats pretreated or during treatment with cyolane (0.5 mg/kg 1/20 LD 5 0). The results revealed that exposure of smokers to organophosphorus pesticides exerted slight changes in GOT and GPT. Alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased to reach maximal (228.54 and 148.64%) after nicotine + cyolane and/or nicotine were given for a week to rats pretreated with cyolane for 2 weeks. Total protein, albumin and Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio were also affected. Administration of nicotine along with cyolane to rats showed a significant increase in cholesterol content compared to that of cyolane treated rats. Values of thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) also fluctuated

Principi di Marketing

OpenAIRE

P. Kotler; G. Armstrong; F. Ancarani; M. Costabile

2015-01-01

Principi di marketing propone un quadro dei processi di gestione del marketing relativamente innovativo, ispirato a un modello rigoroso e semplice al tempo stesso: il valore, dei clienti, per i clienti e delle relazioni con i clienti. È su questo modello che vengono declinati i princìpi del marketing e che se ne progettano le strategie – segmentazione, targeting e posizionamento – da cui hanno origine le scelte di differenziazione di prodotti, marche, modalità di distribuzione e comunicazione...

Castelli di carta. La piega per la costruzione di superfici articolate

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Andrea Casale

2012-06-01

Full Text Available L’antica arte del piegare la carta, l’Origami, sta vivendo un rinnovato interesse che coinvolge molti aspetti della ricerca.  Con il termine origami, si intende lo studio del modo di piegare il foglio di carta per imporgli una specifica forma.  La superficie tassellata per mezzo di specifiche pieghe, si propone come un nuovo soggetto di studio: la superficie piegata articolata. La forma congiunta al movimento, assume un particolare interesse nella contemporanea ricerca geometrica e architettonica. Il panorama contemporaneo, propone opere di architettura “responsiva”, capaci di modificare le proprie caratteristiche per adeguarsi a nuove condizioni. La superficie piegata articolata sembra particolarmente adatta a descrivere questo modo d’intendere l’architettura, reagendo a diverse volontà e di conseguenza modificando la propria conformazione attraverso un attento controllo progettuale della forma.

Expansion of inverted repeat does not decrease substitution rates in Pelargonium plastid genomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Weng, Mao-Lun; Ruhlman, Tracey A; Jansen, Robert K

2017-04-01

For species with minor inverted repeat (IR) boundary changes in the plastid genome (plastome), nucleotide substitution rates were previously shown to be lower in the IR than the single copy regions (SC). However, the impact of large-scale IR expansion/contraction on plastid nucleotide substitution rates among closely related species remains unclear. We included plastomes from 22 Pelargonium species, including eight newly sequenced genomes, and used both pairwise and model-based comparisons to investigate the impact of the IR on sequence evolution in plastids. Ten types of plastome organization with different inversions or IR boundary changes were identified in Pelargonium. Inclusion in the IR was not sufficient to explain the variation of nucleotide substitution rates. Instead, the rate heterogeneity in Pelargonium plastomes was a mixture of locus-specific, lineage-specific and IR-dependent effects. Our study of Pelargonium plastomes that vary in IR length and gene content demonstrates that the evolutionary consequences of retaining these repeats are more complicated than previously suggested. © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

Synthesis and solar-cell applications of novel furanyl-substituted anthracene derivatives

Science.gov (United States)

Kivrak, Arif; Er, Ömer Faruk; Kivrak, Hilal; Topal, Yasemin; Kuş, Mahmut; Çamlısoy, Yesim

2017-11-01

At present, novel furanyl-substituted anthracene derivatives; namely 9,10-di(furan-2-yl)anthracene (DFA), 5,5‧-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(furan-2-carbaldehyde) (DAFA) and 2,2‧-((5,5‧-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(furan-5,2-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))dimalononitrile (DCNFA) were designed and synthesized successfully by employing Stille Cross-Coupling, Vilsmeier-Haack and Knoevenagel condensation reactions, respectively. This methodology provides a practical new route for the synthesis of furanyl-substituted anthracene derivatives bearing strong electron-withdrawing groups. The electrochemical and electro-optical properties of these novel furanyl-substituted anthracene derivatives were also examined with strong acceptor-π-donor-π-acceptor interactions. Furthermore, Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), Lowest Unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and band gap (Eg) values were investigated by using spectroscopic methods. Electrochemical and electro-optical properties were calculated and compared to DFA, DAFA and DCNFA. Eg was found as 2.85, 2.71, and 2.33 eV, respectively. Consequently, Organic Solar Cells (OSC) were fabricated to investigate their solar cell performances. The strong electron withdrawing groups did not increase the solar cell performance of furanyl-anthracenes. Surprisingly, DFA was found to exhibit the best OSCs performance (Efficiency = 3.36). As a result, one could note that these novel furanyl-substituted anthracene derivatives are good candidate for the applications of the OSCs. Our results might help in the development of new materials with important electrochemical functions by giving the advantage of designing and further derivatization of new generation small organic molecules for photovoltaic device applications.

Osservazioni in cattività sul ciclo stagionale del peso corporeo e sull'efficienza digestiva di Pipistrellus kuhlii e Hypsugo savii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae

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Gianna Dondini

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Molte specie di pipistrelli delle fasce climatiche temperato-fredde sono soggette a marcate variazioni stagionali di temperatura e disponibilità di cibo. L'accumulo di grasso in autunno è quindi un adattamento per trascorrere, in uno stato di profondo torpore definibile ibernazione, i mesi invernali, aumentando così la probabilità di sopravvivenza durante tale periodo. Nell?ambito di una attività pluriennale relativa alla raccolta, studio e, quando possibile, riabilitazione di pipistrelli in ambienti urbani, due esemplari di Pipistrellus kuhlii (2 femmine e due di Hypsugo savii (1 maschio e 1 femmina, in entrambi casi giovani che ancora non avevano acquisito una sufficiente capacità nel volo e quindi non liberabili, sono stati raccolti nella pianura di Firenze durante l?estate del 1998 e mantenuti in condizioni di temperatura ambientale oscillante tra i 17 e i 22°C, in un contenitore di 150x40x30 cm. Ogni sera sono stati pesati, prima della somministrazione di cibo e acqua, con una bilancia elettronica con precisione di 0.1 g (modello Tanita 1479. L'alimentazione è stata a base di vermi della farina (Tenebrio molitor. L?efficienza digestiva è calcolata nel seguente modo, su materiale disidratato: (quantità ingerita ? quantità escrementi/quantità ingerita*100. Per il calcolo di tale indice gli esemplari delle due specie sono stati separati e mantenuti per 24 ore a partire dalla successiva sera dell?ultima somministrazione, favorendo così lo svuotamento dell?intestino. Successivamente, per due giorni è stato fornito del cibo ad libitum, pesando i singoli esemplari una volta terminata la fase di alimentazione, per determinare la quantità ingerita. Al termine abbiamo mantenuto gli esemplari a digiuno per 24 ore successive all?ultima somministrazione per permettere lo svuotamento dell?intestino. Gli escrementi raccolti sono stati posti in forno elettrico a 90 °C per 24 ore e successivamente pesati

Book review. Storie e geografie di un veterinario di campagna. Raffaele Mastrocola

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Manuel Graziani

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Una raccolta di racconti, o meglio di "storie" ma anche di "geografie" riprendendo l'azzeccato titolo scelto dal dott. Raffaele Mastrocola per la sua prima opera di narrativa autobiografica. Racconti di vita professionale e squarci di vita rurale nel solco del veterinario-scrittore britannico James Herriot. Qui, però, non siamo nell'elegante campagna inglese bensì in quella abruzzese, forte, gentile e certamente più genuina. Tra aneddoti comici, un'ironia delicata e a tratti debordante, l'autore ci racconta la sua vita professionale circondata da clienti pittoreschi, per lo più anziani, di un'umanità rurale oramai quasi dimenticata, con un'attenzione nostalgica per il periodo dell'infanzia e la formazione universitaria a Bologna (compresi i "rapporti" telefonici con Vasco Rossi e le cene "Da Vito". Una lettura gradevole e, perché no, utile ai giovani veterinari che troveranno tra le pagine consigli su diagnosi e terapie convalidate attraverso una lunga esperienza condotta sul campo, anche a beneficio umano, come nel caso del sedano selvatico che l'autore definisce un "antibiotico naturale, un toccasana per le vie urinarie". Un altro racconto di particolare interesse è quello intitolato "Quel benedetto femore" con Mastrocola che narra con trasporto come è riuscito a trovare la soluzione ad un caso complesso non attingendo ad un manuale di scienza veterinaria, bensì ad un libro di narrativa di James Herriot, suo vero e proprio faro personale: "Ho sempre avuto simpatie per i racconti di vita professionale. Il mio grande ispiratore è stato James Herriott! Oggi a distanza di oltre trenta anni dall'inizio della mia attività, sento la necessità di condividere le mie esperienze, le mie emozioni ed i miei ricordi con altri. La miscellanea dei miei racconti è una raccolta di 'ricordi giovanili', vita professionale ed il diario di un mio viaggio in moto d'epoca fatto in Australia." Sì perché l'autore, tra i suoi mille interessi, ha anche

Synergistic solvent extraction of Eu(III) and Tb(III) with mixtures of various organophosphorus extractants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reddy, B.V.; Reddy, L.K.; Reddy, A.S.

1994-01-01

Synergistic solvent extraction of Eu(III) and Tb(III) from thiocyanate solutions with mixtures of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHPNA) and di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (DEHPA) or tributyl phosphate (TBP) or trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or triphenylphosphine oxide (TPhPO) in benzene has been studied. The mechanism of extraction can be explained by a simple chemically based model. The equilibrium constants of the mixed-ligand species of the various neutral donors have been determined by non-linear regression analysis. (author) 13 refs.; 9 figs.; 2 tabs

Domotica e disabilità negli ambienti di apprendimento. Esiti di un progetto

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Tamara Zappaterra

2013-11-01

Full Text Available In un lavoro sinergico ed interdisciplinare tra ricercatori dell’area pedagogica, dell’area ingegneristica e di quella medica, si è testata la possibilità di adattamento di dispositivi domotici all’ambiente scolastico, ambito non ancora esplorato dalla domotica, ed è stato progettato e realizzato un prototipo di dispositivo innovativo ed originale modellato sulle peculiarità dell’utente nel contesto scolastico. Per quanto riguarda i risultati raggiunti,sono state realizzate tre stazioni domotiche composte da un banco touch-screen collegato ad una LIM. Lo strumento si sta rivelando in grado di facilitare e motivare ad imparare, di trasmettere apprendimenti, di migliorare la qualità della vita del gruppo classe.

«Più saggia di Edipo». Su alcune fonti di «Ödipus und die Sphinx» di Hofmannsthal

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Elena Raponi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Il saggio analizza la tragedia Ödipus und die Sphinx (Edipo e la Sfinge, 1906 di Hugo von Hofmannsthal in relazione con le sue fonti, mostrando come la figura di Eleonora Duse, tanto venerata dal poeta austriaco da indurlo a plasmare su di lei il ruolo di Giocasta, abbia provocato sia l’allontanamento dell’opera dalla primitiva fonte francese OEdipe et le Sphinx di Joséphin Péladan (1903, sia il suo avvicinamento al mondo poetico dannunziano, di cui l’attrice italiana era stata ispiratrice e interprete. Allo stesso tempo il saggio mostra come Hofmannsthal affidi alla dialettica interna ai personaggi della sua tragedia e in particolare a Giocasta il compito di ridimensionare e correggere il superomismo dannunziano, lasciando emergere, qui appena accennato, il mondo di delicate relazioni che caratterizzerà le commedie della maturità.

La gestione dei flussi turistici tramite sistemi di trasporto innovativi: l’esempio di Perugia

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Leonardo Naldini

2010-10-01

Full Text Available La città di Perugia ha, fin dagli anni ’70, unito alla sua capacità di attrazione turistica, dovuta al patrimonio storico ambientale plurimillenario, una volontà di affrontare il tema della mobilità urbana in maniera profondamente innovativa ed ambientalmente sostenibile. Il concetto della creazione di parcheggi di attestazione, serviti da percorsi meccanizzati di risalita verso l’acropoli, è stato recentemente ampliato dalla creazione del Minimetro, mezzo di trasporto innovativo, dal ridottissimo impatto ambientale, che unisce in soli 12 minuti, con un servizio semicontinuo, l’area di valle di Pian di Massiano, dotata di un capace parcheggio da circa 2800 posti auto, al centro cittadino, servendo diversi quartieri urbani. Tale sistema di trasporto, corridoio forte del trasporto pubblico urbano, ha fornito lo spunto per attuare una nuova modalità di gestione dei flussi turistici, che individua nel Minimetro la modalità principale di accesso al centro storico sia per i gruppi a numero ridotto, sia per i gruppi organizzati in arrivo con i bus turistici. L’organizzazione della mobilità turistica che ne è derivata costituisce un ulteriore passo in avanti lungo quell’itinerario di gestione della città che cerca di coniugare l’attrattiva turistica, con le sue ricadute in termini di crescita economica, e la salvaguardia del patrimonio storico artistico e della qualità della vita dei cittadini. Gli scenari futuri vedono un’iniezione di tecnologia in questo contesto, con l’introduzione nella gestione dei flussi turistici dei concetti di accreditamento, dell’infomobilità come supporto alle politiche urbane, del controllo unito alla fornitura di servizi georeferenziati.

Il Realismo Socialista come forma di “non arte”. Alcune ipotesi di lettura a partire dalla XXXII Biennale di Venezia e dalla documenta 3 di Kassel del 1964

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Anna Zinelli

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Il 20 luglio del 1964 la Pravda pubblica un duro attacco alla Biennale di Venezia - che sancisce, con il premio assegnato a Rauschenberg, la consacrazione del New Dada e della Pop Art - accusandola di “ciarlataneria”. Analogamente da parte della critica italiana emerge una diffusa tendenza a non ammettere la stessa liceità estetica del Realismo Socialista, recuperando i termini di una contrapposizione tra “arte” e “kitsch” il cui antecedente fondamentale può essere identificato nel celebre testo di Greenberg del 1939. Sempre nel 1964 la terza edizione di documenta a Kassel propone una lettura del contemporaneo che esclude programmaticamente il realismo, assumendo una visione idealista che rifiuta ogni possibile tangenza tra ricerche estetiche e dimensione politica. L’articolo si propone di indagare l’affermazione di un modello di lettura del Realismo Socialista che risente profondamente delle politiche culturali in atto negli anni della guerra fredda, i cui retaggi continueranno a perpetuarsi nel dibattito successivo sul realismo, trovando solo in anni recenti, con autori come Boris Groys, una forma di problematizzazione.

DiI Perfusion as a Method for Vascular Visualization in Ambystoma mexicanum.

Science.gov (United States)

Saltman, Anna J; Barakat, May; Bryant, Donald M; Brodovskaya, Anastasia; Whited, Jessica L

2017-06-16

Perfusion techniques have been used for centuries to visualize the circulation of tissues. Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a species of salamander that has emerged as an essential model for regeneration studies. Little is known about how revascularization occurs in the context of regeneration in these animals. Here we report a simple method for visualization of the vasculature in axolotl via perfusion of 1,1'-Dioctadecy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI). DiI is a lipophilic carbocyanine dye that inserts into the plasma membrane of endothelial cells instantaneously. Perfusion is done using a peristaltic pump such that DiI enters the circulation through the aorta. During perfusion, dye flows through the axolotl's blood vessels and incorporates into the lipid bilayer of vascular endothelial cells upon contact. The perfusion procedure takes approximately one hour for an eight-inch axolotl. Immediately after perfusion with DiI, the axolotl can be visualized with a confocal fluorescent microscope. The DiI emits light in the red-orange range when excited with a green fluorescent filter. This DiI perfusion procedure can be used to visualize the vascular structure of axolotls or to demonstrate patterns of revascularization in regenerating tissues.

Esercizi scelti di algebra

CERN Document Server

Chirivì, Rocco; Dvornicich, Roberto

2017-01-01

Questo libro – primo di due volumi -  presenta oltre 250 esercizi scelti di algebra ricavati dai compiti d'esame dei corsi di Aritmetica tenuti dagli autori all'Università di Pisa. Ogni esercizio viene presentato con una o più soluzioni accuratamente redatte con linguaggio e notazioni uniformi. Caratteristica distintiva del libro è che gli esercizi proposti sono tutti diversi uno dall'altro e le soluzioni richiedono sempre una piccola idea originale; ciò rende il libro unico nel genere. Gli argomenti di questo primo volume sono: principio d'induzione, combinatoria, congruenze, gruppi abeliani, anelli commutativi, polinomi, estensioni di campi, campi finiti. Il libro contiene inoltre una dettagliata sezione di richiami teorici e può essere usato come libro di riferimento per lo studio. Una serie di esercizi preliminari introduce le tecniche principali da usare per confrontarsi con i testi d'esame proposti. Il volume è rivolto a tutti gli studenti del primo anno dei corsi di laur ea in Matematica e Inf...

Lezioni di Cosmologia Teorica

CERN Document Server

Gasperini, Maurizio

2012-01-01

Il libro è basato sulle lezioni attualmente tenute dall'autore presso l’Università di Bari, ed è progettato in modo da rappresentare un testo di riferimento il più possibile moderno, completo e autosufficiente per i corsi semestrale di Cosmologia, Astrofisica o Fisica Astroparticellare che compaiono nel piano di studi della Laurea Magistrale in Fisica e in Astronomia. Contiene gli elementi di base della cosmologia relativistica, del modello cosmologico standard e del suo completamento inflazionario. E' organizzato per servire da traccia ad un corso di cosmologia di stampo teorico, ma cerca di non perdere mai di vista il confronto con i principali risultati osservativi: molta attenzione viene infatti dedicata alla fenomenologia dei fondi cosmici, e in particolare alla  radiazione gravitazionale fossile perché la sua rivelazione, diretta o indiretta, potrebbe dare indicazioni  cruciali sulla scelta del corretto modello per l'Universo primordiale. Non mancano infine alcuni accenni ad argomenti di inter...

Ecologia del Lupo (Canis lupus in Provincia di Genova: distribuzione, consistenza, alimentazione e impatto sulla zootecnia

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Laura Schenone

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Wolf Canis lupus ecology in Genoa province (northern Italy: species range, population, diet, and impact on livestock breeding
From 1998 to 2003 we monitored the wolf population of Genoa province (Northern Italy to define its range and number, and to know the feeding habits of the species and the predation impact upon animal husbandry. By recording and mapping all the presence signs (sightings, howling, predations, tracks, scats on a transect net covering the province above 600 m a.s.l. we defined a species range partially overlapping the Aveto Regional Park, with an area of greater attendance corresponding to the M. Aiona-M. Penna massif, whereas in the remaining part of the province, already occupied in the previous years, the species was occasionally present. By snow tracking resulted that a small pack (2-5 individuals was stable in the northeastern part of the province. The analysis of 190 scat samples, collected from 1998 to 2002, evidenced a diet based on three main food categories: livestock (56.8% as mean percent volume, wild ungulates (20.7%, and other vertebrates (11.5%. From 1996 to 2003, 95 claims for wolf predation on livestock (69.5% sheep, 28.4% goats, 1.0% cattle, 1.0% horses were addressed to the Wildlife Service of the Genoa province, and 45 of these were paid after verification. In 2002 the Wildlife Service of Genoa province and the Aveto Regional Park signed a protocol aimed to the safeguard of the wolf population and of the local animal husbandry. Riassunto Dal 1998 al 2003 è stato effettuato un monitoraggio della popolazione di Lupo (Canis lupus in provincia di Genova, volto a definirne la distribuzione e la consistenza, nonché le abitudini alimentari e l'impatto sulla zootecnia. Attraverso la raccolta e la mappatura dei segni di presenza è stato definito un areale in parte corrispondente al Parco naturale regionale dell'Aveto, con una

Toluidine blue-O is a Nissl bright-field counterstain for lipophilic fluorescent tracers Di-ASP, DiI and DiO.

Science.gov (United States)

Chelvanayagam, D K; Beazley, L D

1997-03-01

The stain toluidine blue-O (tol blue), applied to sections of neural tissue, is shown to be compatible with the vivid fluorescent lipophilic neural tracers 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (Di-ASP), 3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO) and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI). As with other Nissl stains, toluidine blue-O fluoresces in the red end of the spectrum but such fluorescence quenches upon binding with tissue. Moreover, progressive staining occurs at concentrations low enough to minimise any background fluorescence attributable to non-specific residence of the stain. The bright yellow Di-ASP and vivid green DiO signals are spectrally removed from the red fluorescence of toluidine blue-O. With toluidine blue-O counterstaining, Di-ASP generally offers contrast superior to that with DiI, however, the latter is improved by viewing in a polarised green bright field. Visible Di-ASP emission, although broad, peaks at a more film-sensitive region of the spectrum than that for DiI, thus reducing the photographic exposure required.

L’identificazione di virus citopatogeni isolati dall’ambiente:ricerca ed applicazione di protocolli analitici

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A. Carducci

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: la ricerca dei virus enterici in matrici ambientali, soprattutto nei reflui urbani, risulta di grande interesse sia per la valutazione del rischio di natura virale sia per compiere studi epidemiologici.

Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato l’applicazione parallela di diverse tecniche attualmente in uso in virologia clinica a isolati citopatogeni ambientali al fine di ottenere una precisa identificazione degli agenti rilevati.

Metodi: sono stati analizzati 21 campioni di aerosol, provenienti da impianti di depurazione di reflui civili a fanghi attivi, e risultati citopatogeni in colture di cellule BGM.

Dopo una nuova semina in “shell vials”, su tre linee cellulari continue per mettere in evidenza eventuali differenze nello spettro di citopatogenicità. Per l’identificazione degli isolati virali, sono state adottate in parallelo: microscopia elettronica, tecniche biomolecolari di amplificazione genica, elettroforesi su gel di poliacrilamide (PAGE, test immunoenzimatici, sieroneutralizzazione.

Risultati: la semina in “shell vials” ha confermato la
presenza di particelle virali infettive in tutti i campioni
tranne uno; inoltre ha permesso di ridurre il
tempo di comparsa dell’effetto citopatico a 3-4 giorni
contro i 6-8 giorni necessari seminando in fiasche.
La microscopia elettronica ha individuato la presenza
di particelle enterovirus-simili in 18 dei 21
campioni e di virioni della famiglia Reoviridae in 8.
La positività dei campioni è stata ottenuta, inoltre,
con la RT-PCR, per 2 campioni di enterovirus e 2 di
reovirus e con la PAGE in 6 campioni. Il presente
studio ha portato ad un’identificazione sufficientemente
certa di reovirus in 2 campioni e di enterovirus
in 1 campione.

Conclusioni: l’identificazione di isolati ambientali si

La ricerca di un senso di sé: la narrazione nei social network come possibilità di ricostruzione del tessuto sociale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Notarbartolo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Diventa difficile, in questa situazione sfuggire alla logica della precarietà, così come riuscire a stabilire un discorso continuativo con una o più persone, se non ricorrendo a qualche trucco “tecnico” migliorativo. Rimane il grosso vantaggio rappresentato dalla comunicazione diretta, quasi in tempo reale, se le persone sono in quel momento collegate al programma, quindi sono in grado di replicare. Diventa quindi il possibile veicolo e motore di movimenti di opinione, di gruppi spontanei di persone, di emozioni che possono diventare “oceaniche”, come quando, in uno stadio gremito, tutti si muovono all’unisono sotto il segno della ola. Vengono così soddisfatte la partecipazione e la reciprocità nel bisogno di relazione, e viene soddisfatto il bisogno delle persone di narrazione, ovvero il bisogno di raccontare con leggerezza ad un possibile interlocutore, o ad una platea, la propria storia in frammenti, attraverso commenti puntuali, espressioni di intento, canzoni e immagini. La narrazione, oggi, è fenomeno sempre più raro, grazie al crollo del valore aggiunto rappresentato dall’esperienza, e si è trasformata in storytelling.

Ascorbic acid surface modified TiO2-thin layers as a fully integrated analysis system for visual simultaneous detection of organophosphorus pesticides

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Shunxing; Liang, Wenjie; Zheng, Fengying; Lin, Xiaofeng; Cai, Jiabai

2014-11-01

TiO2 photocatalysis and colorimetric detection are coupled with thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the first time to develop a fully integrated analysis system. Titania@polystyrene hybrid microspheres were surface modified with ascorbic acid, denoted AA-TiO2@PS, and used as the stationary phase for TLC. Because the affinity between AA-TiO2@PS and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) was different for different species of OPs (including chlopyrifos, malathion, parathion, parathion-methyl, and methamidophos), OPs could be separated simultaneously by the mobile phase in 12.0 min with different Rf values. After surface modification, the UV-vis wavelength response range of AA-TiO2@PS was expanded to 650 nm. Under visible-light irradiation, all of the OPs could be photodegraded to PO43- in 25.0 min. Based on the chromogenic reaction between PO43- and chromogenic agents (ammonium molybdate and ascorbic acid), OPs were quantified from color intensity images using a scanner in conjunction with image processing software. So, AA-TiO2@PS was respectively used as the stationary phase of TLC for efficient separation of OPs, as a photocatalyst for species transformation of phosphorus, and as a colorimetric probe for on-field simultaneous visual detection of OPs in natural water. Linear calibration curves for each OP ranged from 19.3 nmol P L-1 to 2.30 μmol P L-1. This integrated analysis system was simple, inexpensive, easy to operate, and sensitive.TiO2 photocatalysis and colorimetric detection are coupled with thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the first time to develop a fully integrated analysis system. Titania@polystyrene hybrid microspheres were surface modified with ascorbic acid, denoted AA-TiO2@PS, and used as the stationary phase for TLC. Because the affinity between AA-TiO2@PS and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) was different for different species of OPs (including chlopyrifos, malathion, parathion, parathion-methyl, and methamidophos), OPs could be separated

Note di fotonica

CERN Document Server

Degiorgio, Vittorio

2012-01-01

L’invenzione del laser ha generato una vera rivoluzione nella scienza e nella tecnologia e ha dato luogo alla nascita di una nuova disciplina chiamata Fotonica. Le più importanti applicazioni della Fotonica che hanno un impatto cruciale in molti ambiti della nostra vita sono le comunicazioni in fibra ottica su cui si basa il funzionamento di Internet e del traffico telefonico su grandi distanze, i dischi ottici (CD, DVD, Blue-ray), la sensoristica ottica di tipo industriale e ambientale, la lavorazione dei materiali, l’illuminazione con i LED e la chirurgia. Questo volume ha come obiettivo quello di colmare un vuoto nel panorama italiano di testi universitari riguardanti la Fotonica. Lo scopo principale è quello di esporre in modo sintetico ma rigoroso i concetti che stanno alla base del funzionamento del laser e della propagazione della luce nella materia, e di descrivere i principali componenti e dispositivi ottici e optoelettronici, quali le fibre ottiche, gli amplificatori, i modulatori e i rivelato...

Lysophospholipase inhibition by organophosphorus toxicants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quistad, Gary B.; Casida, John E.

2004-01-01

Lysophospholipases (LysoPLAs) are a large family of enzymes for removing lysophospholipids from cell membranes. Potent inhibitors are needed to define the importance of LysoPLAs as targets for toxicants and potential therapeutics. This study considers organophosphorus (OP) inhibitors with emphasis on mouse brain total LysoPLA activity relative to the mipafox-sensitive neuropathy target esterase (NTE)-LysoPLA recently established as 17% of the total activity and important in the action of OP delayed toxicants. The most potent inhibitors of total LysoPLA in mouse brain are isopropyl dodecylphosphonofluoridate (also for LysoPLA of Vibrio bacteria), ethyl octylphosphonofluoridate (EOPF), and two alkyl-benzodioxaphosphorin 2-oxides (BDPOs)[(S)-octyl and dodecyl] (IC50 2-8 nM). OP inhibitors acting in vitro and in vivo differentiate a more sensitive portion but not a distinct NTE-LysoPLA compared with total LysoPLA activity. For 10 active inhibitors, NTE-LysoPLA is 17-fold more sensitive than total LysoPLA, but structure-activity comparisons give a good correlation (r 2 = 0.94) of IC50 values, suggesting active site structural similarity or identity. In mice 4 h after intraperitoneal treatment with discriminating doses, EOPF, tribufos (a plant defoliant), and dodecanesulfonyl fluoride inhibit 41-57% of the total brain LysoPLA and 85-99% of the NTE-LysoPLA activity. Total LysoPLA as well as NTE-LysoPLA is decreased in activity in Nte +/- -haploinsufficient mice compared to their Nte +/+ littermates. The lysolecithin level of spinal cord but not brain is elevated significantly following EOPF treatment (3 mg/kg), thereby focusing attention on localized rather than general alterations in lysophospholipid metabolism in OP-induced hyperactivity and toxicity

Fondamenti di fisica dei plasmi

CERN Document Server

Golant, V E; Sacharov, I E

1983-01-01

Introduzione ; collisioni del plasma ; equazioni cinetiche per particelle cariche ; plasmi in equilibrio termodinamico ; funzione di distribuzione di particelle cariche in un campo elettrico ; equazioni dei momenti della funzione di distribuzione ; processi di trasporto nel plasma in assenza di campi magnetici ; moto di particelle cariche nel plasma in presenza di campi magnetici ; processi di trasporto in campo magnetico ; confinamento del plasma mediante campi magnetici.

Dust Measurement of Two Organophosphorus Flame Retardants, Resorcinol Bis(diphenylphosphate) (RBDPP) and Bisphenol A Bis(diphenylphosphate) (BPA-BDPP), Used as Alternatives for BDE-209

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brandsma, S.H.; Sellström, U.; de Wit, C.A.; de Boer, J.; Leonards, P.E.G.

2013-01-01

Resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RBDPP) and bisphenol A bis(diphenylphosphate) (BPA-BDPP) are two halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardant (PFRs) that are used as an alternative for the decabromodiphenyl ether (Deca-BDE) technical mixture in TV/flatscreen housing and other electronic consumer

Pilot-scale incineration of wastes with high content of chlorinated and non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants used as alternatives for PBDEs.

Science.gov (United States)

Matsukami, Hidenori; Kose, Tomohiro; Watanabe, Mafumi; Takigami, Hidetaka

2014-09-15

Chlorinated and non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) including tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), diethylene glycol bis(di(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate) (DEG-BDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BPA-BDPP) have been used increasingly as alternatives to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other brominated flame retardants. For this study, five batches of incineration experiments of wastes containing approximately 1% of TCIPP, DEG-BDCIPP, TPHP, and BPA-BDPP were conducted using a pilot-scale incinerator. Destruction and emission behaviors of OPFRs were investigated along with the effects on behaviors of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Incineration conditions were chosen according to current regulations for waste incinerators in Japan and UNEP. The OPFRs in the input materials were mainly destroyed in the primary combustion with destruction efficiencies greater than 99.999%. Concentrations of the OPFRs in the exhaust gases and ash were, respectively, incineration. Inputs of chlorinated OPFRs did not affect the formation markedly. Destruction and emission behaviors of unintentional POPs were investigated. Emissions of such POPs in exhaust gases and the ash were lower than the Japanese and international standards. Results show that even in wastes with high contents of chlorinated and non-halogenated OPFRs, waste incineration by the current regulations for the waste incinerators can control environmental emissions of OPFRs and unintentional POPs. Incineration is regarded as a best available technology (BAT) for waste management systems. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Equazione di Dirac

CERN Document Server

Monti, Dalida

1996-01-01

Relativamente poco noto al gran pubblico, il premio Nobel Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac appartiene a quel gruppo di uomini di ingegno che nei primi decenni del secolo contribuirono a dare alla nostra concezione del mondo fisico la sua impronta attuale. Assolutamente cruciali, per una valutazione dell'opera di Dirac, sono gli anni compresi tra il 1925 e il 1931: un periodo in cui il fisico fornisce la prima spiegazione chiara e coerente delle proprietà di spin dell'elettrone (equazione di Dirac) e perviene, in forza della pura deduzione matematica, alla scoperta dell'esistenza dell'elettrone positivo o positrone.

Autobiografia di un fisico

CERN Document Server

Born, Max

1980-01-01

Questa non è solo un'autobiografia scientifica. Il ritratto che Max Born ci offre di se stesso va oltre il profilo dell'uomo di scienza, che pure è stato tra i maggiori del nostro secolo. Di lui veniamo a sapere tutto ciò che occorre per accostarsi alle teorie che gli valsero il premio Nobel, ma anche i tratti di una normale vita borghese nella quale si intrecciavano le influenze dell'ambiente intellettuale e commerciale. Il tono è quello di una rievocazione piana e distesa che ci accompagna per le varie fasi della carriera dello studente, del docente, dello scienziato, nelle università tedesche e inglesi, negli anni delle persecuzioni naziste, alle quali l'ebreo Max Born ebbe la fortuna di sopravvivere, e nel dopoguerra, quando egli tornò in Germania e seppe dare un contributo di idee e di iniziative ai movimenti pacifisti. E' la lunga e operosa vita di un uomo di genio, del quale si ricorda la profonda umanità, la vastità degli interessi culturali, l'acutezza dei giudizi sulle persone, sulle vicend...

diArk – a resource for eukaryotic genome research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kollmar Martin

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The number of completed eukaryotic genome sequences and cDNA projects has increased exponentially in the past few years although most of them have not been published yet. In addition, many microarray analyses yielded thousands of sequenced EST and cDNA clones. For the researcher interested in single gene analyses (from a phylogenetic, a structural biology or other perspective it is therefore important to have up-to-date knowledge about the various resources providing primary data. Description The database is built around 3 central tables: species, sequencing projects and publications. The species table contains commonly and alternatively used scientific names, common names and the complete taxonomic information. For projects the sequence type and links to species project web-sites and species homepages are stored. All publications are linked to projects. The web-interface provides comprehensive search modules with detailed options and three different views of the selected data. We have especially focused on developing an elaborate taxonomic tree search tool that allows the user to instantaneously identify e.g. the closest relative to the organism of interest. Conclusion We have developed a database, called diArk, to store, organize, and present the most relevant information about completed genome projects and EST/cDNA data from eukaryotes. Currently, diArk provides information about 415 eukaryotes, 823 sequencing projects, and 248 publications.

Introduzione alle teorie di gauge

CERN Document Server

Cabibbo, Nicola; Benhar, Omar

2016-01-01

"Introduzione alle Teorie di Gauge" completa la serie di tre volumi basati sulle lezioni dei corsi di Meccanica Quantistica Relativistica, Interazioni Elettrodeboli e Teorie di Gauge, impartite dagli autori agli studenti delle Lauree Magistrali in Fisica e Astronomia & Astrofisica dell'Universita "La Sapienza" di Roma, nell'arco di qualche decennio. L'obiettivo principale del volume è di introdurre i concetti di base della rinormalizzazione nella teoria quantistica dei campi e i fondamenti delle moderne teorie di Gauge. Anche se collegato ai volumi precedenti, il libro si presta ad una lettura indipendente, che presume solo conoscenze generali di relativita speciale, della seconda quantizzazione e della fenomenologia delle interazioni elettrodeboli. Lo strumento di base è l'integrale sui cammini di Feynman, introdotto nei capitoli iniziali e sistematicamente impiegato nel seguito. L'esposizione segue un percorso pedagogico, che parte dal caso semplice dell'ampiezza di transizione in meccanica quantistic...

Un sistema di supporto alla decisione per facilitare nuove azioni di finanziamento in ambito pubblico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Franca Norese

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Un approfondimento analitico sulle modalità di finanziamento che hanno interessato la Regione Piemonte, sviluppato con il contributo di chi vi ha operato direttamente, ha permesso di acquisire, codificare e organizzare importanti elementi di conoscenza e di proporne l’uso per accrescere la cultura valutativa in Regione. Un accresciuto interesse a rendere più efficienti le azioni di finanziamento pubblico ha spinto ad utilizzare i risultati dell’analisi effettuata in un modello multicriteri di valutazione e in un sistema di supporto alla decisione rivolto a facilitare i nuovi processi di finanziamento e rendere operative attività di monitoraggio in un contesto di apprendimento organizzativo.

Spazi d’autore. Riscrittura e passaggi di testo ne La strada di Levi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matteo Martelli

2016-07-01

Full Text Available L’articolo propone un percorso d’analisi sulle strategie di riscrittura e di ripresa di alcuni testi di Primo Levi nel film documentario La strada di Levi e nell’opera parallela La prova. Focalizzandosi sul secondo romanzo di Levi, La tregua, questi lavori evadono dalle consuete pratiche di adattamento, sviluppando forme di riscrittura nelle quali la manipolazione critica delle testualità pregresse è posta in tensione con nuovi testi messi in scena, immagini, video, riorientando la percezione dell’ipotesto entro ulteriori linguaggi. È attraverso tale spazio di circolazione di linguaggi artistici e di pratiche intermediali, che gli autori Davide Ferrario e Marco Belpoliti sembrano poter condurre una riflessione sulle forme culturali dello sguardo e delle odierne pratiche di lettura della realtà (nella sua temporalità e memoria come nella sua spazialità e della sua traduzione attraverso codici semiotici molteplici. In tale spostamento costante del proprio oggetto di riscrittura, La strada di Levi e La prova si mostrano così quali nodi o reti di un processo di lettura dialettico del presente e del passato, in un tentativo di tracciare alcune mappe del mondo contemporaneo.   The essay suggests an analysis of the documentary film La strada di Levi and the correlated work La prova. Focusing on Primo Levi’s book La tregua, these works show a different attitude about adaptation through a constant reorientation of the source text and its juxtaposition with new texts and images, and through a projection of these elements within additional languages. In this way, the authors, Davide Ferrario and Marco Belpoliti, offer an experience of an intermedial artistic practice that involves a reflection on the cultural forms through which the texts interpret the reality (and its temporality or memory and its translation through multiple semiotic codes. The effect of this kind of work is the perception of the documentary film as a network that

PROSENTASE PENUTUPAN KARANG DI PULAU KANGEAN-SUMENEP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I Insafitri

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Terumbu karang merupakan habitat bagi spesies laut yang mernpunyai nilai komersial tinggi dan juga berfungsi untuk melakukan pemijahan, peneturan, pembesaran anak, makan dan mencari makan (Peding foraging. Sehingga terumbu karang sebagai gudang keanekaragaman hayati laut. Saat ini, peran terumbu karang sebagai gudang keanekaragaman hayati menjadikannya sebagai sumber penting bagi berbagai bahan bioaktif yang diperiukan di bidang medis dan farmasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prosentase penutupan karang di lokasi penelitian yang nantinya merupakan informasi awal dalam menentukan kondisi terumbu karang di Kepulauan Kangean Sumenep. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal Agustus 2010 di Pulau Kangean — Sumenep. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prosentase penutupan terumbu karang di pulau Kangean termasuk dalam kondisi buruk.Kata Kunci : terumbu karang, pulau kangean sumenep, prosentase peneutupanCORAL COVER IN THE KANGEAN ISLAND SUMENEPCoral reefs are habitat for marine species that have high commercial value and also serves as spawning, hatching, breeding, feeding and foraging (Peding foraging. So the coral reefs as marine biodiversity warehouse. Currently, the role of coral reefs as a house of biodiversity making it an important resource for a variety of bioactive materials that needed in the medical and pharmaceutical field. the purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of coral cover in the study site which will constitute the initial information in determining the condition of coral reefs in Kangean Islands, Sumenep. This research was conducted on August 2010 in Kangean Island - Sumenep. The results showed that the percentage of the coral cover in the Kangean Island including in adverse conditions.Keywords: Coral reefs, Kangean Island Sumenep, Coral cover

Utilisation of chlorine-dioxide and peracetic acid as disinfectants of effluents from Bologna waste water treatment plant; Sperimentazione di tecniche di disinfezione mediante biossido di cloro e acido peracetico applicate alle acque reflue dell'impianto di trattamento della citta' di Bologna

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mancini, M.L. [Bologna Univ., Bologna (Italy). Dipt. di Ingegneria delle Strutture, dei Trasporti, delle Acque, del Rilevamento e del Territorio; Sorrentino, M.

2000-01-01

The necessity to optimize the disinfection phase in the treatment plant of waste water of Bologna made possible an experimental survey about the efficacy of two disinfectant agents utilized: chlorine-dioxide and peracetic acid. Object of the survey is to verify the possibility of utilize, full scale, also peracetic acid as disinfection agent. The experimentation regarded the reals flows adduced and discharged from the plant and it may be an useful reference to verify performance of post-treatment constructed wetlands. Particularly it has been possible to assay the efficacy of the different treatment in waste water with residual concentrations of suspended solids. [Italian] La necessita' di ottimizzare la fase di disinfezione nell'impianto di trattamento acque reflue della citta' di Bologna, sia per il miglioramento delle rese di inattivazione, sia per la riduzione dei costi di esercizio, ha reso necessaria un'indagine sperimentale sull'efficacia di due agenti disinfettanti utilizzati: il biossido di cloro e l'acido peracetico. Scopo dell'indagine e' quello di verificare la possibilita' di impiegare, a scala reale, per il refluo tipico dell'impianto di Bologna, anche l'acido peracetico quale agente di disinfezione. La sperimentazione, condotta ha interessato le portate reali addotte e scaricate dall'impianto e puo' costituire un riferimento utile verificare la fattibilita' igienico-sanitaria di post-trattamenti di lagunaggio o fertirrigazione. In particolare si e' potuta saggiare l'efficacia dei diversi sistemi di trattamento sui reflui aventi concentrazioni residue non trascurabili di solidi sospesi.

Testimonianze di vittime degli anni di piombo

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cecchini, Leonardo

Testimonianze di vittime degli anni di piombo In un articolo pubblicato nel 2008 sulla webzine Nazione indiana Christian Raimo criticava quello che poi Giovanni De Luna qualche anno dopo nel suo libro La Repubblica del dolore (2011) ha chiamato “paradigma vittimario”; cioè la presenza predominante...

Synthesis of organophosphorus modified nanoparticles and their reinforcements on the fire safety and mechanical properties of polyurea

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qian, Xiaodong [State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 (China); Song, Lei, E-mail: leisong@ustc.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Wang, Bibo [State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Hu, Yuan, E-mail: yuanhu@ustc.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 (China); Yuen, Richard K.K., E-mail: Richard.Yuen@cityu.edu.hk [USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 (China); Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon (Hong Kong)

2013-05-15

Novel organophosphorus modified nanoparticles (FRs-nanoparticles) were synthesized by the hydrolysis and condensation of both 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide modified vinyl trimethoxy silane (DOPO-VTS) and 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine. FRs-nanoparticles were incorporated into the polyurea matrix in different ratios via in situ polymerization, resulting in the formation of organic/inorganic nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), real-time fourier transform infrared spectra (RTIR), microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and tensile testing machine. The TGA results revealed that FRs-nanoparticles could slightly catalyze the thermal degradation of the nanocomposites in nitrogen atmosphere, but significantly improve the thermal stability of the nanocomposites in air atmosphere. The T{sub 0.5} (50wt.% weight loss) of the nanocomposites was delayed by 32 °C in air atmosphere. Moreover, the char yield increased from 2.3wt.% to 8.9 wt.% at 550 °C when the loadings of FRs-nanoparticles was 10wt.%, indicating the catalyzing charring effect of FRs-nanoparticles. The MCC results revealed that all the nanocomposites exhibited much lower flammability compared with virgin polyurea. Furthermore, the tensile test indicated that the FRs-nanoparticles could also improve the mechanical properties of polyurea. - Highlights: ► Novel organophosphorus modified nanoparticles (FRs-nanoparticles) were synthesized. ► FRs-nanoparticles were incorporated into the polyurea. ► Both the thermal stability and mechanical properties of polyurea were improved.

Synthesis of organophosphorus modified nanoparticles and their reinforcements on the fire safety and mechanical properties of polyurea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qian, Xiaodong; Song, Lei; Wang, Bibo; Hu, Yuan; Yuen, Richard K.K.

2013-01-01

Novel organophosphorus modified nanoparticles (FRs-nanoparticles) were synthesized by the hydrolysis and condensation of both 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide modified vinyl trimethoxy silane (DOPO-VTS) and 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine. FRs-nanoparticles were incorporated into the polyurea matrix in different ratios via in situ polymerization, resulting in the formation of organic/inorganic nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), real-time fourier transform infrared spectra (RTIR), microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and tensile testing machine. The TGA results revealed that FRs-nanoparticles could slightly catalyze the thermal degradation of the nanocomposites in nitrogen atmosphere, but significantly improve the thermal stability of the nanocomposites in air atmosphere. The T 0.5 (50wt.% weight loss) of the nanocomposites was delayed by 32 °C in air atmosphere. Moreover, the char yield increased from 2.3wt.% to 8.9 wt.% at 550 °C when the loadings of FRs-nanoparticles was 10wt.%, indicating the catalyzing charring effect of FRs-nanoparticles. The MCC results revealed that all the nanocomposites exhibited much lower flammability compared with virgin polyurea. Furthermore, the tensile test indicated that the FRs-nanoparticles could also improve the mechanical properties of polyurea. - Highlights: ► Novel organophosphorus modified nanoparticles (FRs-nanoparticles) were synthesized. ► FRs-nanoparticles were incorporated into the polyurea. ► Both the thermal stability and mechanical properties of polyurea were improved

Le soluzioni di logistica urbana sono sostenibili? L'esempio di Cityporto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La logistica urbana è un campo di riflessione volto ad approfondire le soluzioni ottimali per la distribuzione delle merci in ambito urbano e i relativi obiettivi ambientali. Ad oggi, molte azioni sono state intraprese dalle pubbliche autorità senza tenere conto, tuttavia, degli impatti che i nuovi schemi organizzativi possono avere sull’ attuale organizzazione delle imprese. Il contributo incentra la riflessione sul caso studio relativo alla città di Padova, in Italia: il sistema di logistica urbana CityPorto. In particolare, se ne analizzano le caratteristiche dal punto di vista della sostenibilità del sistema proposto, sia in riferimento alla dimensione imprenditoriale che a quella collettiva, mettendo in relazione le peculiarità della logistica urbana e le più estese catene distributive, di scala globale, di cui le prime sono parte integrante.

Organic and inorganic micropollutants in Adriatic seafood: contamination levels and evaluation of human potential intake; Microinquinanti organici ed inorganici in specie marine eduli del mare Adriatico: livelli di presenza e stima dell`assunzione potenziale da parte dell`uomo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cubadda, F; Stacchini, P; Baldini, M [Istituto Superiore di Sanita` , Rome (Italy). Lab. Alimenti

1998-06-01

Review the state of the art on the chemical contamination of seafood and on the human intake of contaminants through these commodities in the Adriatic area. Scientific literature on the levels of inorganic (i.e. cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead) and organic (i.e. pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) contaminants as well as studies on potential health hazard related to Adriatic seafood consumption were examined. Where sufficient data were available, an evaluation of the average potential intake was carried out through the correlation between contamination levels in marine organisms and seafood consumption. The results of this study did not show any risk for the average consumer related to the consumption of Adriatic seafood. Nevertheless it is essential to carefully evaluate the potential risk to which some population groups, especially high consumers of local seafood, are exposed. For this purpose, it is necessary to obtain additional data on the content of contaminants in the main seafood products and on the levels of consumption by the Adriatic coastal populations. [Italiano] Si propone di fare il punto sullo stato dell`arte in materia di contaminazione chimica delle specie marine eduli e di assunzione di contaminanti da parte dell`uomo mediante tali alimenti nell`are adriatica. A tal fine e` stata presa in esame la letteratura scientifica concernente i livelli di presenza di contaminanti inorganici (cadmio, cromo, mercurio, piombo) e organici (pesticidi, policlorobifenili, diossine, idrocarburi policiclici aromatici), nonche` gli studi relativi al problema del rischio sanitario associato al consumo di prodotti della pesca nel Mare Adriatico. Nel caso dei contaminanti per i quali esiste una sufficiente base di dati si e` proceduto ad una stima dell`assunzione media potenziale calcolata mediante la correlazione dei livelli di presenza negli organismi marini con dati di consumo alimentare. In base ai risultati ottenuti

Obbligo di sicurezza del prestatore di lavoro ed effettività della tutela antinfortunistica

OpenAIRE

Alessia Gabriele

2012-01-01

Il saggio affronta il tema della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori quale diritto fondamentale. Dopo l'analisi del panoram­a normativo internazionale e comunitario, l'A. si sofferma sulla posi­zione di garanzia assegnata al prestatore di lavoro subordinato nell'ordinamento interno, con particolare attenzione ai diritti di for­mazione e di informazione intimamente connessi al correlati­vo obbli­go di sicurezza del prestatore di lavoro. Le conclusioni cui giunge una parte della giurisprude...

Pigments analysis on skin tomato fruits during ripening by mean fluorescence techniques; Analisi mediante utilizzo di tecniche di fluorescenza dei pigmenti presenti sulla superficie di bacche di pomodoro durante la maturazione

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lai, A; Fantoni, R [ENEA, Divisione Fisica Applicata, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Rome (Italy)

2000-07-01

Different spectroscopic techniques, based on visible fluorescence emission upon excitation in the same spectral region or in the ultraviolet, have been utilized to characterize tomato fruit ripening stages in order to analyze surface pigments which correspond to optimal conditions for fruit harvesting. The main fluorescence spectral features belonging to antochyanin, flavonoids, carotenoids and chlorophyll a after excitation of skin tomato pigments at different laser wavelength have been identified. For tomato ripening stage LIF detection, the {lambda}{sub e}xc266nm was established as the optimal laser wavelength. [Italian] Mediante diverse tecniche spettroscopiche, basate sulla emissione di fluorescenza visibile a seguito di eccitazione nella stessa regione o nell'ultravioletto, e' stato condotto uno studio su bacche di pomodoro a diversi stadi di maturazione Lo scopo del lavoro e' quello di potere attribuire, attraverso l'analisi degli spettri di fluorescenza dei pigmenti superficiali presenti nel frutto, lo stadio ottimale di maturazione al momento della raccolta. I risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di distinguere spettri di fluorescenza attribuiti ai principali gruppi di pigmenti fluorescenti presenti nella superficie esterna del pomodoro: antociani, flavonoidi, carotenoidi e clorofilla a.

The solvent extraction of zinc, iron, and indium from chloride solutions by neutral organophosphorus compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Preston, J.S.; Du Preez, A.C.

1985-01-01

The preparation of several neutral organophosphorus compounds and their evaluation as selective extractants for zinc in chloride media are described. The compounds belong to the series trialkyl phosphates (RO) 3 PO, dialkyl alkylphosphonates R'PO(OR) 2 , alkyl dialkylphosphinates R 2 'PO(OR), and trialkyl-phosphine oxides R 3 'PO. They were characterized by measurement of their physical properties (melting and boiling points, refractive indices, and densities), and their purities were confirmed by osmometric determination of their molecular masses; by carbon and hydrogen microanalysis; by the titrimetric determination of acidic impurities; and, for liquid products, by comparison of their experimental molar refractivities with empirical values. Metal-distribution equilibria were determined for solutions of the extractants in xylene and aqueous phase containing 0,5 to 5,0 M sodium chloride. Moderately good selectivities were shown for zinc(II) over iron(III), and excellent selectivities were shown for zinc(II) over iron(II), copper(II), lead(II), and cadmium(II). The extraction of indium(III) was similar to that of zinc(II). The extraction of zinc(III), iron(III), and indium(III) increased markedly through the series. (RO) 3 PO 2 2 'PO(OR) 3 'PO. The incorporation of phenyl groups into the compounds led to weaker extraction. The extracted complexes of zinc(II), iron(III), and indium(III) have the stoichiometries ZnCl 2 L 2 ,FeCl 3 L 2 (H 2 O), and InCl 3 L 2 (H 2 O) respectively, where L represents the neutral organophosphorus compound

Ortho lithiation-in situ borylation of substituted morpholine benzamides

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cederbalk, Anna; Lysén, Morten; Kehler, Jan

2017-01-01

Morpholine amides are cheap and safe alternative to Weinreb amides as acylating agents of organometallic species. Herein, the in-situ lithiation/borylation of 18 ortho- meta- and para-substituted morpholine benzamides has been investigated. 10 of the 18 substrates provided the desired boronic est...

SUKU FABACEAE DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH, JAKARTA, BAGIAN 2: TUMBUHAN POLONG BERPERAWAKAN TERNA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Priyanti Priyanti

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Abstrak Suku Fabaceae adalah tetumbuhan yang memiliki buah bertipe polong. Suku tersebut selain berperawakan pohon juga berupa terna. Anggota suku Fabaceae (polong banyak ditemukan di sekitar lingkungan manusia termasuk di Kampus Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman tumbuhan polong yang berupa terna di Kampus UIN Syarif Hidayatullah belum tersedia. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode jelajah di kampus I dan II serta studi pustaka. Sebanyak 3 jenis tumbuhan polong berperawakan terna telah didapatkan di lingkungan kampus, yaitu Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W. C. Greg., Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle, dan M. pudica L. Jenis-jenis tersebut termasuk ke dalam 2 anak suku (Faboideae, Mimosoideae dan 2 puak (Aeschynomeneae, Mimoseae. Jenis-jenis tersebut tumbuh di lokasi yang berbeda-beda. Tumbuhan polong yang hanya ditemukan di Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Keshatan (FKIK adalah A. pintoi. Mimosa diplotricha ditemukan tumbuh di Pusat Laboratorium Terpadu Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Perpustakaan Utama, FKIK, Fakultas Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP, Wisma Syahida, Pusat Bahasa, dan Sekolah Pascasarjana, sedangkan M. pudica ditemukan Perpustakaan Utama, FISIP, dan Wisma Syahida. Kelengkapan data tentang tumbuhan polong di Kampus UIN Syarif Hidayatullah ini dapat digunakan oleh para mahasiswa untuk mempelajari keanekaragamnnya. Abstract Fabaceae is a plant with a pod-type fruit. A Habit of this family is not only trees but also herb. Fabaceae (legumes is often found on the human environment around campus included in the State Islamic University (UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. The Information about the legume herbs diversity on the UIN Syarif Hidayatullah yet available. The study was conducted using survey and literature methods. There were 3 species legume herbs in the campus, viz. Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W. C. Greg., Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle, and M. pudica L. All

PhD Dissertations Tesi di dottorato

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Redazione Reti Medievali (a cura di

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Report of PhD Dissertations.Anna Airò La scrittura delle regole. Politica e istituzioni a Taranto nel Quattrocento, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Storia medievale, Università degli studi di Firenze, 2005 Pasquale Arfé La Clavis Physicae II (316-529 di Honorius Augustodunensis. Studio ed edizione critica, Tesi di dottorato in Storia della filosofia medievale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale", 2005 Alessandro Azzimonti Scrittura agiografica e strutture di potere nell'Italia centro-settentrionale (X-XII secolo, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Forme del sapere storico dal medioevo alla contemporaneità, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2004 Domenico Cerami Il "Confine conteso". Uomini, istituzioni, culture a Monteveglio tra VIII-XII secolo, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Storia Medievale, Università degli studi di Bologna, 2005 Federica Chilà Ostaggi. Uno strumento di pacificazione e governo tra i secoli VIII e XII, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Istituzioni, società, religioni dal Tardo Antico alla fine del Medioevo, Università degli Studi di Torino, 2004 Enrico Faini Firenze nei secoli X-XIII: economia e società, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Storia medievale, Università degli studi di Firenze, 2005Alessio FioreStrutture e pratiche del potere signorile in area umbro-marchigiana (secoli XI-XIII, Tesi di dottorato ricerca in Storia, Università degli studi di Pisa, 2004Giampaolo FrancesconiTra Riforma, vescovo e clientes. Camaldoli e le società locali (secoli XI-XIII, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Storia medievale, Università degli studi di Firenze, 2005 [09/05] Giuseppe Gardoni "Episcopus et potestas". Vescovi e società a Mantova nella prima metà del Duecento, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Storia del Cristianesimo e delle Chiese (antichità, medioevo, età moderna, Università degli Studi di Padova, 2005 Nicola Mancassola La gestione delle campagne tra Langobardia e Romània in età carolingia e post

Narrazioni di narrazioni: orientamento narrativo e progetto di vita (Federico Batini, Gabriel Del Sarto

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Manuela Ladogana

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Il volume, denso di contenuti e ricco di riferimenti teorici, traccia con chiarezza le sue linee di sviluppo ed apre alla riflessione, anche pedagogica, sull’esigenza di recuperare la dimensione narrativa e autobiografica per la realizzazione di una pratica orientativa che guidi e sostenga il soggetto in orientamento verso la riscoperta e ricostruzione del proprio progetto di vita.

Sintesi stereoselettiva di piridilammine

OpenAIRE

Chelucci, Giorgio Adolfo; Baldino, Salvatore; Pinna, Gérard Aimé; Soccolini, Francesco

2006-01-01

Ammino piridine chirali hanno dimostrato la loro validità come leganti per la formazione di complessi metallici utilizzati nella catalisi asimmetrica. Tra i possibili approcci alla sintesi di questi composti noi abbiamo investigato la riduzione diastereoselettiva di N-sostituite (p-totil e tert-butil) piridil chetimmine con una serie di agenti riducenti (NaBH4, L-Selectride, DIBAL, 9-BBN) in diverse condizioni di reazione.

Is the stoichiometry of the europium nitrate complexes with neutral organophosphorus extractants be anticipated?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beudaert, Ph.; Lamare, V.; Wipff, G.

2001-01-01

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed in water on europium nitrate complexes with three neutral organophosphorus extractants (TBP, TPPO and CMPO) in order to determine on what criteria it is possible to obtain by simulations the experimental 1:3 stoichiometry in organic solution. This stoichiometry was investigated by progressive saturation of the cation coordination sphere. When the nitrate counter-ions are bidentate, the 1:3 stoichiometry corresponds to the degree of saturation where the interaction energy between europium and water becomes repulsive. Beyond this stoichiometry, complexes with TPPO and CMPO are unstable, although a 1:4 complex with TBP may exist but its formation appears to be energetically unfavored. (author)

The Slow:Fast substitution ratio reveals changing patterns of natural selection in gamma-proteobacterial genomes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alm, Eric; Shapiro, B. Jesse

2009-04-15

Different microbial species are thought to occupy distinct ecological niches, subjecting each species to unique selective constraints, which may leave a recognizable signal in their genomes. Thus, it may be possible to extract insight into the genetic basis of ecological differences among lineages by identifying unusual patterns of substitutions in orthologous gene or protein sequences. We use the ratio of substitutions in slow versus fast-evolving sites (nucleotides in DNA, or amino acids in protein sequence) to quantify deviations from the typical pattern of selective constraint observed across bacterial lineages. We propose that elevated S:F in one branch (an excess of slow-site substitutions) can indicate a functionally-relevant change, due to either positive selection or relaxed evolutionary constraint. In a genome-wide comparative study of gamma-proteobacterial proteins, we find that cell-surface proteins involved with motility and secretion functions often have high S:F ratios, while information-processing genes do not. Change in evolutionary constraints in some species is evidenced by increased S:F ratios within functionally-related sets of genes (e.g., energy production in Pseudomonas fluorescens), while other species apparently evolve mostly by drift (e.g., uniformly elevated S:F across most genes in Buchnera spp.). Overall, S:F reveals several species-specific, protein-level changes with potential functional/ecological importance. As microbial genome projects yield more species-rich gene-trees, the S:F ratio will become an increasingly powerful tool for uncovering functional genetic differences among species.

Thermochemical studies of 4-tert-butylbiphenyl and 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melkhanova, Svetlana V. [Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bl.3, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation)], E-mail: melkhan@phys.chem.msu.ru; Pimenova, Svetlana M.; Chelovskaya, Nelly V. [Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bl.3, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Miroshnichenko, Eugenii A. [Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, Kosygina 4, Moscow 117977 (Russian Federation); Pashchenko, Larisa L. [Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bl.3, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, Kosygina 4, Moscow 117977 (Russian Federation); Nesterov, Igor A.; Naumkin, P.V. [Samara State Technical University, Galaktionovskaya 141, Samara 443010 (Russian Federation)

2009-05-15

The standard massic energies of compounds of 4-tert-butylbiphenyl and 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl were measured at T = 298.15 K by static-bomb combustion calorimetry. The standard enthalpies of vaporization, fusion and sublimation were measured in a Calvet microcalorimeter, or by differential scanning calorimetry. The standard molar enthalpies of formation in the condensed and gaseous states were obtained from these data. The tert-butyl group increments for the substitution of one hydrogen atom in a position '4' in biphenyl molecule were calculated.

Valutazioni sul consumo di suolo mediante dati di copertura e telerilevati

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Michele Munafò

2013-04-01

Full Text Available La contrazione progressiva ed irreversibile delle superfici naturali ed agricole a favore delle aree urbanizzate è un fenomeno continuo con conseguenze di varia natura in termini ambientali, economici e sociali. Il fenomeno, conosciuto come “consumo di suolo” sta finalmente cominciando ad essereanalizzato e considerato. Oggi, la disponibilità di informazioni sull’uso/copertura del suolo multitemporali e di dati di monitoraggio satellitare permettono di quantificare il fenomeno a livello spaziale e temporale con diversi livelli di risoluzione.Agricultural and natural areas conversion into urban areas is a progressive and irreversible process that has various negative impacts on the environmental, economic and social sphere. Nowadays, the process named "land take" is becoming relevant and it is receiving finally adequate consideration from decision makers and therefore it is starting to be deeply analyzed. The availability of multi-temporal land use/cover and satellite imaging enables the spatiotemporal evaluation and measurement of the phenomenon with different degrees of resolution.

Il progetto “iVincoli” del Politecnico di Torino. Aspetti di innovazione tecnologica e digitale a supporto del processo di riforma della Pubblica Amministrazione

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Cristina Coscia

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Nello scritto si illustra l’esperienza condotta dal Politecnico di Torino nel 2007 - su istanza della Direzione Regionale per i Beni Culturali e Paesaggistici del Piemonte - denominata “Progetto iVincoli” (2007-2008: l’esito, nella sua versione prototipale, è la configurazione e realizzazione di una piattaforma tecnologica predisposta per la definizione di linee-guida destinate al monitoraggio e alla pubblicazione on line delle attività vincolistiche. Tale SIT ad accesso multiprofilo consente, tra le funzionalità previste: la consultazione pubblica delle informazioni relative agli edifici monitorati anche sottoposti a vincolo di tutela; il monitoraggio dell’iter delle pratiche di vincolo da parte della Direzione Regionale, degli Enti Locali e dei soggetti privati coinvolti, denominato “work flow delle pratiche amministrative”; la creazione di specifici percorsi tematici di tipo turistico. Tale esperienza parte da una precisa premessa: ogni architettura informativa a servizio di atti e processi della Pubblica Amministrazione viene a configurarsi quale strumento prototipale di supporto alla riforma della stessa PA e alla governance. A fronte di tali ragionamenti, le Pubbliche Amministrazioni al momento attuale si stanno confrontando, da una parte, con i processi e i dibattiti in corso sul trasferimento delle funzioni centrali; dall’altra, per l’aspetto di innovazione tecnologica con le direttive introdotte a partire dal Codice Unico della Pubblica Amministrazione Digitale. Di fatto, uno dei tasselli per la messa a punto di atti che innestino sinergie tra innovazione, efficienza amministrativa e gestione del territorio per una sua valorizzazione è costituito da processi d’implementazione di architetture informative configurate in SIT. In tale logica, il progetto “iVincoli” si incardina tra le attività dell’Osservatorio Immobiliare della Città di Torino (OICT, che rappresenta uno strumento attraverso cui innescare

Elaborazione didattica di Learning Objects.

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Luigi Guerra

2006-01-01

Full Text Available L’idea di un modello didattico problematico per la realizzazione di Learning Objects riprende i temi del problematicismo pedagogico e si impegna a definire un’ipotesi formativa complessa capace di valorizzare la possibile positiva compresenza integrata di strategie didattiche diverse (finanche antitetiche ma componibili in una logica appunto di matrice problematicista. Il punto di partenza del modello proposto è rappresentato dalla opportunità di definire tre tipologie fondamentali di Learning Objects, rispettivamente centrati sull’oggetto, sul processo e sul soggetto dell’apprendimento.

Simple, specific analysis of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in sediments using column extraction and gas chromatography

Science.gov (United States)

Belisle, A.A.; Swineford, D.M.

1988-01-01

A simple, specific procedure was developed for the analysis of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in sediment. The wet soil was mixed with anhydrous sodium sulfate to bind water and the residues were column extracted in acetone:methylene chloride (1:l,v/v). Coextracted water was removed by additional sodium sulfate packed below the sample mixture. The eluate was concentrated and analyzed directly by capillary gas chromatography using phosphorus and nitrogen specific detectors. Recoveries averaged 93 % for sediments extracted shortly after spiking, but decreased significantly as the samples aged.

Substitution Effects and Linear Free Energy Relationships During Reduction of 4- Benzoyl-n-(4-substituted Benzyl)pyridinium Cations

Science.gov (United States)

Leventis, Nicholas; Zhang, Guo-Hui; Rawashdeh, Abdel-Monem M.; Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia; Gray, Hugh R. (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

In analogy to 4-(para-substituted benzoyl)-N-methylpyridinium cations (1-X's), the title species (2-X's, -X = -OCH3, -CH3, -H, -Br, -COCH3, -NO2) undergo two reversible, well-separated (E(sub 1/2) greater than or equal to 650 mV) one-electron reductions. The effect of substitution on the reduction potentials of 2-X's is much weaker than the effect of the same substituents on 1-X's: the Hammett rho-values are 0.80 and 0.93 for the 1st- and 2nd-e reduction of 2-X's vs. 2.3 and 3.3 for the same reductions of 1-X's, respectively. Importantly, the nitro group of 2-NO2 undergoes reduction before the 2nd-e reduction of the 4-benzoylpyridinium system. These results suggest that the redox potentials of the 4-benzoylpyridinium system can be course-tuned via p-benzoyl substitution and fine-tuned via para-benzyl substitution. Introducing the recently derived substituent constant of the -NO2(sup)- group (sigma para-NO2(sup)- = -0.97) yields an excellent correlation for the 3rd-e reduction of 2- NO2 (corresponding to the reduction of the carbonyl group) with the 2nd-e reduction of the other 2-X's, and confirms the electron donating properties of -NO2(sup)-.

Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides in fruits and vegetables using atmospheric pressure gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Zhipeng; Dong, Fengshou; Xu, Jun; Liu, Xingang; Wu, Xiaohu; Chen, Zenglong; Pan, Xinglu; Gan, Jay; Zheng, Yongquan

2017-09-15

This paper describes the application of atmospheric pressure gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides in apple, pear, tomato, cucumber and cabbage. Soft ionization with atmospheric pressure ionization source was compared with traditional electron impact ionization (EI). The sensitivity of GC coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization (APGC) for all the analytes was enhanced by 1.0-8.2 times. The ionization modes with atmospheric pressure ionization source was studied by comparing the charge-transfer and proton-transfer conditions. The optimized QuEChERs method was used to pretreat the samples. The calibration curves were found linear from 10 to 1000μg/L, obtaining correlation coefficients higher than 0.9845. Satisfactory mean recovery values, in the range of 70.0-115.9%, and satisfactory precision, with all RSD r <19.7% and all RSD R values <19.5% at the three fortified concentration levels for all the fifteen OPPs. The results demonstrate the potential of APGC-QTOF-MS for routine quantitative analysis of organophosphorus pesticide in fruits and vegetables. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gold recovery from acidic leach solutions using as extractants trialkylamines of N,N'-di-alkyl-aliphatic amides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baroncelli, F.; Carlini, D.; Gasparini, G.M.; Simonetti, E.

1988-07-01

TriOctylAmine (TOA) and a di-substituted aliphatic amide, N,N-Di-N-ButylOctanamide (DBOA), were examined in batch and in mini mixer-settler experiments using leachates of Peruvian and Bolivian concentrates. With these minerals, very rich in sulfur (pyrites, stybine), 90-95% gold recovery in 12-24 hours was reached by leaching with 4M aqua regia (HCl 3M nitric acid 1M) at room temperature and with 1/3 solid/liquid ratio. With these leachate solutions (2-3M total acidity, 10-60 ppm ao Au), the two processes with TOA (GAMEX PROCESS) and with DBOA (AUMIDEX PROCESS) were tested and compared. Experimental results strongly support the possibility of using TOA and DBOA on an industrial scale.

Book review, Igiene e Tecnologie degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Giampaolo Colavita (a cura di

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Manuel Graziani

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Igiene e Tecnologie degli Alimenti di Origine Animale si avvale del contributo di 33 autori, tutti soci dell’Associazione Italiana Veterinari Igienisti (AIVI, che garantiscono l’appropriata trattazione di una materia estremamente vasta e dinamica. Il manuale nasce da un’iniziativa finalizzata alla realizzazione di un testo che rifletta e possa soddisfare le esigenze didattiche degli insegnamenti di un’ampia serie di materie universitarie: Igiene e Tecnologie degli Alimenti di Origine Animale della Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, di Agraria, nei corsi di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari, di Scienze e Tecnologie delle Produzioni Animali, nel corso di laurea in Tecniche della Prevenzione nell’ambiente e nei Luoghi di Lavoro, nonché in altri corsi di studio dove si insegnano le discipline relative all’igiene e alla sicurezza degli alimenti.Sono stati trattati gran parte degli alimenti di origine animale, i prodotti a base di carne, il latte e i prodotti derivati, i prodotti della pesca freschi e trasformati, i prodotti dell’alveare, le uova e gli ovoprodotti. Di particolare interesse appare il capitolo riguardante la diagnostica analitica degli alimenti, considerato che le moderne metodologie analitiche risultano fondamentali per affrontare le tematiche legate all’igiene e alla sicurezza alimentare.Il volume ha una finalità prevalentemente didattica ma è comunque rivolto a tutti coloro che operano nel campo dell’Igiene e delle Tecnologie Alimentari. Infatti, visti gli argomenti trattati come le tossinfezioni e le intossicazioni alimentari, la conservazione, il confezionamento e l’etichettatura dei prodotti alimentari, anche i professionisti del settore possono trarre dal testo elementi utili per la loro attività. Per esempio argomenti quali l’analisi del rischio, le attività di audit ed i sistemi di accreditamento e di certificazione sono particolarmente utili per chi opera nelle Aziende Sanitarie Locali e negli Istituti

Cyclic di-AMP regulation of osmotic homeostasis is essential in Group B Streptococcus.

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Laura Devaux

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Cyclic nucleotides are universally used as secondary messengers to control cellular physiology. Among these signalling molecules, cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP is a specific bacterial second messenger recognized by host cells during infections and its synthesis is assumed to be necessary for bacterial growth by controlling a conserved and essential cellular function. In this study, we sought to identify the main c-di-AMP dependent pathway in Streptococcus agalactiae, the etiological agent of neonatal septicaemia and meningitis. By conditionally inactivating dacA, the only diadenyate cyclase gene, we confirm that c-di-AMP synthesis is essential in standard growth conditions. However, c-di-AMP synthesis becomes rapidly dispensable due to the accumulation of compensatory mutations. We identified several mutations restoring the viability of a ΔdacA mutant, in particular a loss-of-function mutation in the osmoprotectant transporter BusAB. Identification of c-di-AMP binding proteins revealed a conserved set of potassium and osmolyte transporters, as well as the BusR transcriptional factor. We showed that BusR negatively regulates busAB transcription by direct binding to the busAB promoter. Loss of BusR repression leads to a toxic busAB expression in absence of c-di-AMP if osmoprotectants, such as glycine betaine, are present in the medium. In contrast, deletion of the gdpP c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase leads to hyperosmotic susceptibility, a phenotype dependent on a functional BusR. Taken together, we demonstrate that c-di-AMP is essential for osmotic homeostasis and that the predominant mechanism is dependent on the c-di-AMP binding transcriptional factor BusR. The regulation of osmotic homeostasis is likely the conserved and essential function of c-di-AMP, but each species has evolved specific c-di-AMP mechanisms of osmoregulation to adapt to its environment.

Pigments analysis on skin tomato fruits during ripening by mean fluorescence techniques; Analisi mediante utilizzo di tecniche di fluorescenza dei pigmenti presenti sulla superficie di bacche di pomodoro durante la maturazione

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lai, A.; Fantoni, R. [ENEA, Divisione Fisica Applicata, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Rome (Italy)

2000-07-01

Different spectroscopic techniques, based on visible fluorescence emission upon excitation in the same spectral region or in the ultraviolet, have been utilized to characterize tomato fruit ripening stages in order to analyze surface pigments which correspond to optimal conditions for fruit harvesting. The main fluorescence spectral features belonging to antochyanin, flavonoids, carotenoids and chlorophyll a after excitation of skin tomato pigments at different laser wavelength have been identified. For tomato ripening stage LIF detection, the {lambda}{sub e}xc266nm was established as the optimal laser wavelength. [Italian] Mediante diverse tecniche spettroscopiche, basate sulla emissione di fluorescenza visibile a seguito di eccitazione nella stessa regione o nell'ultravioletto, e' stato condotto uno studio su bacche di pomodoro a diversi stadi di maturazione Lo scopo del lavoro e' quello di potere attribuire, attraverso l'analisi degli spettri di fluorescenza dei pigmenti superficiali presenti nel frutto, lo stadio ottimale di maturazione al momento della raccolta. I risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di distinguere spettri di fluorescenza attribuiti ai principali gruppi di pigmenti fluorescenti presenti nella superficie esterna del pomodoro: antociani, flavonoidi, carotenoidi e clorofilla a.

Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu Superfamili Papilionoidae di Banyuwindu, Limbangan Kendal

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Ratna Oqtafiana

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Kupu-kupu turut memberi andil dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan ekosistem dan memperkaya keanekaragaman hayati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis kupu-kupu superfamili Papilionoidae di Dukuh Banyuwindu Desa Limbangan Kecamatan Limbangan Kabupaten Kendal khususnya di habitat hutan sekunder, permukiman, Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS dan persawahan.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua jenis kupu-kupu superfamili Papilionoidae yang ada di Banyuwindu, Limbangan Kendal. Sampel penelitian ini adalah jenis kupu-kupu superfamili Papilionoidae yang teramati di Banyuwindu Limbangan Kendal khususnya di habitat hutan sekunder, permukiman, DAS dan persawahan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Indeks Point Abudance (IPA atau metode titik hitung.Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 62 jenis kupu-kupu superfamili Papilionoidae yang terdiri dari 737 individu yang tergolong kedalam empat famili yaitu Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae dan Nymphalidae. Hasil analisis indeks keanekaragaman jenis berkisar antara 2,74-3,09, indeks kemerataan jenis berkisar antara 0,86-0,87 dan memiliki dominansi berkisar antara 0,07-0,09. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis dan indeks kemerataan jenis tertinggi tercatat pada habitat permukiman yaitu 3,09 dan 0,87 dan memiliki dominansi 0,07 sedangkan terendah tercatat pada habitat persawahan yaitu 2,74 dan 0,86 dan memiliki dominansi 0,07.Butterfly also contribute in maintaining the ecological balance and enrich biodiversity. The aim of this research was to determine the diversity of butterflies’ superfamily Papilionoidae in Banyuwindu Hamlet Limbangan Sub district Kendal Regency, especially in the secondary forest habitat, settlements, river flow area (RFA and rice field. The population in this research were all kinds of butterflies’ Papilionoidae superfamily in Banyuwindu, Limbangan Kendal. The sample was kind of butterfly superfamily Papilionoidae that observed in Banyuwindu Limbangan Kendal

Il concetto di storia della lingua nell'opera grammaticale di Benedetto Buommattei

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Gunver Skytte

1991-12-01

Full Text Available Che la storia della lingua sia una disciplina linguistica di data recente, fondata nell'800, soprattutto grazie alle ricerche pionieristiche di insigni filologi tedeschi, è un'opinione comunemente accettata, ed essa è probabilmente anche giustificata attraverso la classificazione datane di disciplina. A questo dato di fatto si deve senz'altro l'opinione altrettanto estesa che prima dell'800 non esistesse il concetto di linguistica diacronica o cambiamento linguistico in senso scientifico, come pure quella non meno erronea che la linguistica, come scienza, sia stata fondata solo nell'800.

Elementi di fisica teorica

CERN Document Server

Cini, Michele

2006-01-01

Le idee e le tecniche della Fisica Teorica del XX secolo (meccanica analitica, meccanica statistica, relatività e meccanica quantistica non relativistica) non sono più appannaggio esclusivo dei fisici. Ormai, specialmente con la recente introduzione di nuovi corsi di laurea, le conoscenze di base rientrano nel bagaglio culturale comune ai laureati in materie scientifiche e tecnologiche affini alla Fisica e alle sue applicazioni. Un laureato in queste materie non può non conoscere l’equazione E=mc2 e la media di Gibbs; inoltre deve avere i concetti e i metodi fondamentali della meccanica quantistica che ha cambiato la concezione del mondo ed è alla base della rivoluzione tecnologica in corso. Eppure quelle idee rimangono distanti dal comune modo di pensare e richiedono molto studio e un insegnamento ben mirato. La trattazione in questo libro, è meno formale rispetto ai tradizionali corsi di Istituzioni di Fisica Teorica. Lo scopo è comunque quello di raggiungere una reale comprensione dei concetti fisi...

Seafood substitutions obscure patterns of mercury contamination in Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides or "Chilean sea bass".

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Peter B Marko

Full Text Available Seafood mislabeling distorts the true abundance of fish in the sea, defrauds consumers, and can also cause unwanted exposure to harmful pollutants. By combining genetic data with analyses of total mercury content, we have investigated how species substitutions and fishery-stock substitutions obscure mercury contamination in Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides, also known as "Chilean sea bass". Patagonian toothfish show wide variation in mercury concentrations such that consumers may be exposed to either acceptable or unacceptable levels of mercury depending on the geographic origins of the fish and the allowable limits of different countries. Most notably, stocks of Patagonian toothfish in Chile accumulate significantly more mercury than stocks closer to the South Pole, including the South Georgia/Shag Rocks stock, a fishery certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC as sustainably fished. Consistent with the documented geography of mercury contamination, our analysis showed that, on average, retail fish labeled as MSC-certified Patagonian toothfish had only half the mercury of uncertified fish. However, consideration of genetic data that were informative about seafood substitutions revealed a complex pattern of contamination hidden from consumers: species substitutions artificially inflated the expected difference in mercury levels between MSC-certified and uncertified fish whereas fishery stock substitutions artificially reduced the expected difference in mercury content between MSC-certified and uncertified fish that were actually D. eleginoides. Among MSC-certified fish that were actually D. eleginoides, several with exogenous mtDNA haplotypes (i.e., not known from the certified fishery had mercury concentrations on par with uncertified fish from Chile. Overall, our analysis of mercury was consistent with inferences from the genetic data about the geographic origins of the fish, demonstrated the potential negative impact of

Boro e Vanadio: requisiti di potabilitá e valori di parametro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Ferrante

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: i minerali, che costituiscono circa il 4% del peso corporeo e svolgono numerose ed importanti funzioni biodinamiche, si possono suddividere in due gruppi: elementi principali ed elementi essenziali. Gli elementi essenziali necessitano in quantità minime, dal millesimo di milligrammo fino a qualche decina di milligrammi e per la bassissima concentrazione nei tessuti del corpo umano vengono chiamati anche oligoelementi o minerali in traccia. I minerali in traccia sono stati molto attenzionati dalle normative per le acque potabili essendo per i suddetti motivi importanti requisiti di potabilità. Con l’evoluzione della normativa alcuni oligoelementi che prima erano citati solo per memoria adesso devono rientrare in precisi valori di parametro. Tra questi il boro e il vanadio. In questa nota riportiamo la problematica relativa alla presenza di boro e vanadio nelle acque utilizzate per il consumo umano nella zona etnea.

Metodi: le acque utilizzate nella zona etnea, in particolare quelle della provincia di Catania, sono state analizzate con spettrofometria in emissione (Inductively Coupled Plasma e con spettrofotometria per Assorbimento Atomico (A.A.con effetto Zeeman per il dosaggio del boro e del vanadio in esse contenuti.

Risultati: il boro e il vanadio essendo elementi naturalmente presenti nei vari comparti ambientali sono stati ritrovati nelle acque potabili della zona etnea in concentrazioni estremamente variabili che talvolta superano i valori di parametro.

Conclusioni: alla luce dei risultati ottenuti, non essendo ancora dimostrata la reale tossicità per assunzione di tali elementi attraverso il canale alimentare ed essendo molto difficile la loro eliminazione dalle acque, si propone un riesame delle concentrazioni massime ammissibili sulla base della percentuale di assorbimento gastro-enterico e dei relativi “tollerable intake” con

Matrimonio omosessuale e pubblico ufficiale: una nuova forma di obiezione di coscienza?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ludovica Decimo

2015-10-01

SOMMARIO: 1. La difesa dei valori culturali e religiosi attraverso il diritto all’obiezione di coscienza - 2. I casi di obiezione di coscienza sulle unioni omosessuali: uno sguardo d’insieme oltre i confini nazionali - 3. Il matrimonio omosessuale e il pubblico ufficiale nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano - 4. Lo scudo dell’obiezione di coscienza: un’opzione possibile per il pubblico ufficiale?

[Research on rapid and quantitative detection method for organophosphorus pesticide residue].

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yuan-Xin; Chen, Bing-Tai; Yi, Sen; Sun, Ming

2014-05-01

The methods of physical-chemical inspection is adopted in the traditional pesticide residue detection, which require a lot of pretreatment processes, are time-consuming and complicated. In the present study, the authors take chlorpyrifos applied widely in the present agricultural field as the research object and propose a rapid and quantitative detection method for organophosphorus pesticide residues. At first, according to the chemical characteristics of chlorpyrifos and comprehensive chromogenic effect of several colorimetric reagents and secondary pollution, the pretreatment of the scheme of chromogenic reaction of chlorpyrifos with resorcin in a weak alkaline environment was determined. Secondly, by analyzing Uv-Vis spectrum data of chlorpyrifos samples whose content were between 0. 5 and 400 mg kg-1, it was confirmed that the characteristic information after the color reaction mainly was concentrated among 360 approximately 400 nm. Thirdly, the full spectrum forecasting model was established based on the partial least squares, whose correlation coefficient of calibration was 0. 999 6, correlation coefficient of prediction reached 0. 995 6, standard deviation of calibration (RMSEC) was 2. 814 7 mg kg-1, and standard deviation of verification (RMSEP) was 8. 012 4 mg kg-1. Fourthly, the wavelengths whose center wavelength is 400 nm was extracted as characteristic region to build a forecasting model, whose correlation coefficient of calibration was 0. 999 6, correlation coefficient of prediction reached 0. 999 3, standard deviation of calibration (RMSEC) was 2. 566 7 mg kg-1 , standard deviation of verification (RMSEP) was 4. 886 6 mg kg-1, respectively. At last, by analyzing the near infrared spectrum data of chlorpyrifos samples with contents between 0. 5 and 16 mg kg-1, the authors found that although the characteristics of the chromogenic functional group are not obvious, the change of absorption peaks of resorcin itself in the neighborhood of 5 200 cm

Inchiesta sulle condizioni di vita e sanitarie degli immigrati presenti nella cittá di Messina

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D. Alfino

2003-05-01

Full Text Available A Messina e nella sua provincia vivono circa 7328 stranieri con regolare permesso di soggiorno (dati aggiornati al 31/12/02 Questura di Messina Ufficio Immigrati ai quali si deve aggiungere una quota di soggetti, irregolari e clandestini, stimata intorno al 25% dei regolari (fonte dati Caritas, Kirone. Le Comunità maggiormente presenti sono quelle provenienti dalle Filippine, Marocco, Sri Lanka. Al fine di valutare il livello di assistenza sanitaria fornita agli immigrati, nel periodo compreso tra Dicembre 2002 e Maggio 2003, abbiamo intervistato un campione di immigrati relativamente alle loro abitudini di vita, sul tipo di lavoro svolto, sullo stato di salute attuale e pregresso, sull’eventuale ricorso alle strutture del Servizio Sanitario Locale e sulle vaccinazioni praticate nel Paese di origine e in Italia. Sono stati intervistati 1204 soggetti (42,19% Sri Lanka, 24,75% Marocco, 25,91% Filippine, 3,15% Tunisia, 1,82% Senegal, 0,16% Algeria. La comunità cinese, anch’essa significativamente presente nella città, si è dimostrata diffidente e non interessata alla nostra indagine. Sono state evidenziate notevoli carenze del Servizio Sanitario locale, per mancanza di un sistema di monitoraggio e prevenzione rivolto agli immigrati. Il 99% degli intervistati pur essendo iscritto al S.S.N.ed avendo nell’84% il medico di famiglia, non possiede il libretto sanitario, è stato sottoposto alle vaccinazioni obbligatorie del Paese di origine, ma non le ha integrate con quelle Italiane, ad eccezione del 2,3% di soggetti che ha praticato quella antiinfluenzale e dell’ 1,2% che si è sottoposto a quella antitifica ed antiepatite A per motivi occupazionali. Malgrado l’intervista mirasse a sondare il livello di assistenza sanitaria, ha svelato altri dettagli: il 79,2% dei soggetti cerca di mantenere le abitudini alimentari originarie; solo lo 0,5% ha dichiarato di aver subito un infortunio, mentre riguardo al tipo di attività svolta si rilevano

Detection system qualification for direct measurement of thyroid internal contamination by radioiodine; Qualificazione di un sistema di rilevazione trasportabile per misure dirette di contaminazione interna di radioiodio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tiberi, V.; Battisti, P.; Gualdrini, G. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Ezio Clementel, Bologna (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1999-07-01

The work deals with a detection system qualification for direct measurements of thyroid internal contamination by radioiodine. The isotopes {sup 131}I and {sup 125}I are the most frequently used in nuclear medicine. Because of their volatility they are very dangerous for thyroid contamination by inhalation. The system has been projected to be easily and fast used and above all transportable where the control is necessary. These characteristic make it able to realise supervision programs of internal contamination by radioiodine. In fact due the very high control frequencies (each 15 days for {sup 131}I), these programs are usually very expensive and demanding when they are executed in external measurement laboratories. The following steps are described: devices presentation, calculation of energy and efficiency parameters, minimum detectable activity, time system reliability, best operative conditions in the measurements. At the end an application example of the system is reported. [Italian] Il presente lavoro consiste nella qualificazione di un sistema di rivelazione per misure dirette di contaminazione interna da radioiodio in tiroide, progettato per essere maneggevole, di semplice e rapido impiego e trasportabile sul luogo dove e' richiesta la misura. Il sistema e' stato studiato per la realizzazione di programmi di sorveglianza della contaminazione interna da radioiodio che, richiedendo frequenze di controllo elevate (quindicinali per lo {sup 131}I), sono estremamente impegnativi ed onerosi, soprattutto se i controlli vengono effettuati in centri di misura esterni. Dopo la determinazione dei parametri della calibrazione in energia ed efficienza, la minima attivita' rivelabile, l'affidabilita' del sistema nel tempo e le condizioni operative ottimali da adottare in sede di misura, viene verificata la piena affidabilita' del sistema in un programma di sorveglianza della contaminazione interna da radioiodio.

Metodologie di rilievo tra ricerca e innovazione tecnologica per un caso di archeologia medievale: Torre Melissa in provincia di Crotone

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Francesca Fatta

2017-12-01

Full Text Available   Il complesso di Torre Melissa è uno dei manufatti storici di pregio che si affacciano sulle coste calabresi del mare Jonio. Una torre-castello d’epoca aragonese sottoposta ad un restauro conservativo agli inizi degli anni duemila. In quella occasione, la torre fu rilevata con procedure manuali e l’ausilio di una stazione totale. Nel 2014 si è proceduto con un rilievo eseguito con strumenti digitali d’alta definizione (laser scanner, fotografia digitale e telecamera applicata a drone. La comparazione tra i due rilievi, effettuati con metodologie differenti, mostrano delle disuguaglianze semantiche evidenti che mettono in risalto i progressi delle odierne strumentazioni per la definizione di modelli 3D d’altissima precisione, fondamentali per le pratiche di tutela e valorizzazione di un patrimonio architettonico complesso e stratificato

Storia di un Vulcano I GPS di Trimble per monitorare Mount St. Helen

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Edoardo Carlucci

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Venticinque anni fa il peggior disastro vulcanico nella storia degli Stati Uniti attirò l’attenzione di tutto il mondo. L’esplosione, preceduta da un paio di mesi di piccole scosse di terremoto, squarciò il fianco Nord del vulcano St. Helens il 18 maggio 1980, provocando allo stesso tempo il più grande smottamento della storia. L’eruzione seguente all’esplosione cancellò tutta l’area circostante, facendo 57 vittime tra la popolazione e formando un profondo cratere a forma di ferro di cavallo; per sei anni si susseguirono altre piccole eruzioni che portarono alla formazione di un’altra cupola lavica dopodiché Loo-wit (il Guardiano del Fuoco, come i nativi americani usavano chiamare il vulcano St. Helens, si addormentò di nuovo. Prima del fatidico giorno Mount St. Helens era la nona cima per altezza negli Stati Uniti; dopo il 18 maggio essa diventava la trentesima.

Dampak Ketiadaan Pengaturan Kuota Ekspor Hiu Tikus (Alopias Ssp. di Indonesia

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Wahyu Hardiningsih

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Kuota ekspor merupakan salah satu mekanisme perlindungan ekosistem laut. Banyaknya perburuan Ikan Hiu Tikus (Alopias Ssp. di Indonesia saat ini karena permintaan pasar yang tinggi, khususnya dari luar negeri. Tingginya permintaan menyebabkan ikan jenis ini masuk ke dalam daftar Convention on International Trade in Endanger Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES Appendiks II pada tahun 2016. Jika Ikan Hiu Tikus yang merupakan predator puncak pada rantai makanan di laut ini sampai terancam punah, maka ekosistem laut akan mengalami kerusakan parah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia belum memiliki perangkat hukum yang memadai terkait dengan penentuan komponen-komponen kuota ekspor Ikan Hiu, khususnya Ikan Hiu Tikus sebagaimana ketentuan yang diatur di dalam CITES. Keadaan ini menimbulkan dampak terhadap kelestarian Ikan Hiu Tikus itu sendiri, kepentingan masyarakat Indonesia, keberlangsungan lingkungan laut dan generasi yang memanfaatkannya, serta berdampak terhadap perdagangan internasional.

Sviluppo di un nuovo trigger con identificazione di quark-b per il canale Z($\

CERN Document Server

Donato, Silvio

La ricerca del decadimento del bosone di Higgs H -> b b è uno dei canali più importanti per verificare se la particella di massa 125 GeV circa, recentemente scoperto da ATLAS e CMS, corrisponde effettivamente al bosone di Higgs previsto dal Modello Standard. Questo decadimento, insieme a H -> tau tau, è fondamentale per misurare l'accoppiamento del bosone con i fermioni. Il fondo di QCD rende poco sensibile l'osservazione di questo decadimento nella produzione diretta del bosone di Higgs. Per questo motivo il decadimento H -> b b viene ricercato quando l'Higgs è prodotto in associazione con i bosoni vettore W/Z, attraverso il cosiddetto processo di ``Higgs-strahlung''. Il decadimento leptonico dei bosoni vettore ad alto pT permette di ridurre il fondo di QCD e di realizzare trigger per osservare il canale. In questa tesi è stato realizzato un trigger per osservare il canale H + Z -> b b + nu nu nella regione a bassa EtMiss (fino a 80 GeV) con l'esperimento CMS. Per avere il trigger con un rate accettabi...

Magnetocaloric properties of manganese(III) porphyrins bearing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol groups

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Korolev, V.V., E-mail: vvk@isc-ras.ru [G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str., 1, Ivanovo 153045 (Russian Federation); Lomova, T.N.; Maslennikova, A.N.; Korolev, D.V. [G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str., 1, Ivanovo 153045 (Russian Federation); Shpakovsky, D.B.; Zhang, Jianwei; Milaeva, E.R. [Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis, Moscow 119991 (Russian Federation)

2016-03-01

Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and heat capacity during the magnetization of (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphynato) manganese (III) chloride (1), (5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) porphynato) manganese (III) chloride (2), and (5-(4-palmitoyloxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) porphynato) manganese (III) chloride (3) in their aqueous suspensions were determined by the microcalorimetric method over the temperature range of 278–320 K and in magnetic fields from 0 to 1 T. MCE was positive for all complexes studied, i.e. the magnetic field impression under adiabatic conditions led to an increase in temperature of the complexes suspensions. MCE increased with an increase in the magnetic field induction at all temperatures studied. Dependences of MCE on temperature had weak maxima at 298 K at all magnetic induction values. The disturbance of the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding of hydroxyl groups is one of probable reasons for such dependences type. MCE values increased under the palmitoyl substituent incorporation into one of the phenol groups at all temperatures. The heat capacity of the studied complexes rose slightly with temperature growth. Dependences of the heat capacity on temperature showed that the magnetic component of the heat capacity did not appear due to the presence of the manganese atom acting as a paramagnetic center in complexes 1, 2, and 3. The relation between the complexes structure and their magnetothermal properties was analyzed. It was justified that the changes of magnetothermal properties were caused by electronic substitution effects and, to an even greater degree, by the conditions of intermolecular hydrogen bonds formation in the paramagnetic materials. - Highlights: • The magnetocaloric effect and heat capacity of 3 manganese porphyrin were determined. • Temperature dependences of magnetocaloric effect has been studied. • The relation between the

Evaluating rare amino acid substitutions (RGC_CAMs in a yeast model clade.

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Kenneth Polzin

Full Text Available When inferring phylogenetic relationships, not all sites in a sequence alignment are equally informative. One recently proposed approach that takes advantage of this inequality relies on sites that contain amino acids whose replacement requires multiple substitutions. Identifying these so-called RGC_CAM substitutions (after Rare Genomic Changes as Conserved Amino acids-Multiple substitutions requires that, first, at any given site in the amino acid sequence alignment, there must be a minimum of two different amino acids; second, each amino acid must be present in at least two taxa; and third, the amino acids must require a minimum of two nucleotide substitutions to replace each other. Although theory suggests that RGC_CAM substitutions are expected to be rare and less likely to be homoplastic, the informativeness of RGC_CAM substitutions has not been extensively evaluated in biological data sets. We investigated the quality of RGC_CAM substitutions by examining their degree of homoplasy and internode certainty in nearly 2.7 million aligned amino acid sites from 5,261 proteins from five species belonging to the yeast Saccharomyces sensu stricto clade whose phylogeny is well-established. We identified 2,647 sites containing RGC_CAM substitutions, a number that contrasts sharply with the 100,887 sites containing RGC_non-CAM substitutions (i.e., changes between amino acids that require only a single nucleotide substitution. We found that RGC_CAM substitutions had significantly lower homoplasy than RGC_non-CAM ones; specifically RGC_CAM substitutions showed a per-site average homoplasy index of 0.100, whereas RGC_non-CAM substitutions had a homoplasy index of 0.215. Internode certainty values were also higher for sites containing RGC_CAM substitutions than for RGC_non-CAM ones. These results suggest that RGC_CAM substitutions possess a strong phylogenetic signal and are useful markers for phylogenetic inference despite their rarity.

Diasporici metropolitani: nuovi scenari quotidiani di lotta di classe

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Sergio Straface

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Uno dei concetti su cui mi piace riflettere è quello della velocità. Più precisamente se sia possibile connettere l’intelligenza alla velocità. Oggi è necessario essere veloci e il vivere velocemente ha conquistato la quotidianità confondendosi strategicamente con la nozione di intelligenza. Le coordinate della surmodernità: l’accelerazione della storia, il restringimento dello spazio e l’individualizzazione dei destini pare abbiano imposto la velocità come conditio sine qua non sia improbabile conquistare un dignitoso ruolo sociale. Velocità come chiave di accesso, password obbligatoria, condizione connettiva con cui l’io finalmente accede all’attuale e soprattutto intelligente modo di vivere. La mia riflessione si concentrerà sull’esempio di lentezza proposto dai barboni, da ora in poi definiti diasporici metropolitani. Velocità vs lentezza, dunque, per una riflessione sulle contemporanee dinamiche del vivere metropolitano. Mi soffermerò su sensazioni, emozioni, ricordi e principalmente dubbi, per articolare una prima critica dell’equazione normativa “velocità uguale intelligenza” nonché per mostrare un esempio di resistenza, un modello altro in opposizione da quello dominate.

Profil Merokok pada Pelajar di Tiga SMP di Kota Padang

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Yessy Susanti Sabti

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Abstrak   Merokok merupakan kontributor utama kematian.  Jumlah perokok semakin meningkat di seluruh dunia dan sebagian besar berada dinegara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Sebagai negara dengan perokok terbanyak ketiga di dunia, prevalensi perokok remaja di Indonesia semakin meningkat setiap tahun. Dengan menggunakan kuesionerGlobal Youth Tobacco Survey, kami meneliti profil merokok pada pelajar di tida SMP di kota Padang. Desain peneitian adalah crossectional. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner Global Youth Tobacco Survey, berbahasa Indonesia. Didapatkan sampel 240  murid dari 3 SMP dipilih secara acak di Kota Padang. Hasil : 27,7% murid pernah merokok, dan semuanya adalah laki-laki. 29%  mencoba rokok pada usia kurang dari 10 tahun. 37%  murid masih merokok sampai sekarang, 46% diantaranya sudah ketagihan rokok. Sebanyak 77,1% murid yang pernah merokok mempunyai orang tua perokok. Sebagian besar dari total sampel terpapar asap rokok lingkungan baik di rumah dan di tempat-tempat umum. Kesimpulan: Lebih dari seperempat pelajar di tiga SMP di kota Padang pernah merokok dan semuanya laki laki, dan mencoba merokok padausia kurang dari 10 tahun. Hampir seperlima sudah ketagihan merokok.Kata kunci: Pelajar, Merokok, Global Youth Tobacco SurveyAbstract Smoking is the mayor contibutor of death, and the number of smoker is growing overworld. More of them live in the developing country, including Indonesia. As the third of most smoker number, the teenager smoker prevalence in Indonesia is increase over year. By using Indonesian language adapted of Global Youth Tobacco Survey quessionaires, we researched smoking teenager behaviour and realted factors at Junior High School of Padang. Design of study is crossectional, datas collected from 240 students of three randomized selected Junior High School, by  Global Youth Tobacco Survey quessionaires that has adapted to Indonesian language. Results : 27,7% of students reported that they ever smoked cigarettes

Utilizzo di laser scanner e camera digitale aviotrasportati nella progettazione di impianti fotovoltaici

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Nicola Santomauro

2012-04-01

Full Text Available La normativa nazionale nel perseguire le direttive impartite dalla CEE in materia di energia, hai ncentivato fin dal 2007 lo sviluppo delle energie rinnovabili e di conseguenza il sorgere della cosiddetta green-economy ove la Geocart ha deciso di investire nella progettazione di impianti fotovoltaici di microgenerazione, con potenza installata inferiore ad 1 MW. Di particolare rilevanza nella fase di progettazione è risultato un laser scanner ed una camera digitaleintegrati nella piattaforma aviotrasportata MAPPING nel processo di rilievo dei siti individuati come idonei alla installazione di impianti fotovoltaici.Using airborne laser scanner and digital camera in the design of photovoltaic power plantsThe design of ground-mounted photovoltaic power plants re-quires a deep knowledge of the territory where people work, mainly if the area of interest has a wide coverage and the survey is not smooth. In this article, it is described the experience gained by Geo-cart in the design of 4-MW photovoltaic solar power plants of micro-generation, developed also by means of airborne laser scanner and digital camera for aerial survey of large scale areas within the Matera and Oppido Lucano’s municipalities in Basilicata.

Stime della biomassa marina attraverso il metodo acustico: discernimento delle specie e gestione delle risorse ittiche - Acoustical estimation of fish biomass: species identification and stocks management

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Víctor Espinosa

2015-09-01

Full Text Available L’acustica è alla base delle più importanti tecnologie nelle telecomunicazioni subacquee, nonché nel rilevamento e nella determinazione dei target acustici nei mezzi acquatici. Le misure a multi-frequenza sono lo strumento principale per l’identificazione selettiva delle specie marine e per la pesca sostenibile. Lo sviluppo di sistemi a larga banda larga e le tecniche basate su sonar multi-beam costituiscono l'attuale sfida per gli scienziati e gli sviluppatori. Al contempo, sistemi più semplici ed economicamente efficienti, come boe satellitari, sono in grado di offrire informazioni per il monitoraggio degli ecosistemi o l’individuazione di specie bersaglio nella pesca marittima. ------ Acoustics is the basics of the most important technologies for underwater telecommunication, as well as for target detection and identification in the aquatic media. Multiple frequency measurements are the key for species discrimination and open the door for sustainable fisheries. The development of wider broadband systems and quantitative multi-beam sonars and processing techniques constitute the present challenge for scientists and developers. In parallel, simpler and cost-efficient systems like satellite buoys can offer clue information for marine ecosystem monitoring or target species fisheries.

Cagliari, Santa Lucia. Progetto di indagini archeologiche e di recupero di una delle più antiche chiese della città

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Rossana Martorelli (ed.

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Il contributo ripercorre alcune delle vicende che hanno caratterizzato la preparazione del progetto di ricerca storica e dell’indagine archeologica sulla chiesa di S. Lucia nel quartiere della Marina a Cagliari, avviato nel 2011 e proseguito sino al 2014. L’area d’interesse è racchiusa entro una moderna cancellata, che ricalca grosso modo il perimetro dell’ultimo impianto della chiesa, di cui si conserva in elevato la porzione nord-orientale. I dati scaturiti dalle indagini consentono di ricostruire le vicende storiche e architettoniche della chiesa. Lo scavo ha finora restituito alcune sepolture pressoché intatte, con corredo funerario povero e disarticolato (oggetti in metallo in uso sia nella cassa lignea, sia come accessori del vestiario del defunto o in accompagnamento di età postmedievale; brevi tratti delle pavimentazioni e dei rivestimenti messi in opera nel XVII e XVIII secolo (azulejos e mattonelle maiolicate e in cotto, lastre di ardesia. La scelta di un cantiere aperto, trasparente e in continuo dialogo con tutti, mediante la diffusione di notizie ed eventi, è legata al sito web. Infine, si propongono alcune considerazioni sul ruolo della chiesa rispetto alla città e qualche ipotesi in merito all’identificazione con l’antica chiesa omonima citata dai documenti dall'inizio del XII secolo.

Valutazioni sul consumo di suolo mediante dati di copertura e telerilevati

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Michele Munafò

2013-04-01

analizzato e considerato. Oggi, la disponibilità di informazioni sull’uso/copertura del suolo multitemporali e di dati di monitoraggio satellitare permettono di quantificare il fenomeno a livello spaziale e temporale con diversi livelli di risoluzione. Agricultural and natural areas conversion into urban areas is a progressive and irreversible process that has various negative impacts on the environmental, economic and social sphere. Nowadays, the process named "land take" is becoming relevant and it is receiving finally adequate consideration from decision makers and therefore it is starting to be deeply analyzed. The availability of multi-temporal land use/cover and satellite imaging enables the spatiotemporal evaluation and measurement of the phenomenon with different degrees of resolution.

A proposal to define when combined cycle can be classified as a cogeneration plants; Proposta di definizione di impianto di cogenerazione a ciclo combinato

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Macchi, E. [Milan Politecnico, Milan (Italy)

1999-09-01

The recent decree on liberalization of the Italian electric market assigns to the authority for electric energy and natural gas the task of defining under which conditions a combined heat and power plant (CHP) obtains a significant primary energy saving when compared to separate productions. The present paper outlines and discusses the proposal made by a working group of CTI (Italian thermo-technical committee). The most significant features of the proposal are the following: i the use of IRE (Energy saving index), based upon net, annual energy production, certified by independent institutions; ii the adoption of an automatic procedure of yearly updating the reference performance related to conventional power generation, accounting for technology evolution; iii the assumption of a lower limit for the thermal/fuel energy ratio and iv correction procedures in case of usage of non-conventional fuels (municipal wastes, process gases, etc.) [Italian] Il recente decreto sulla liberalizzazione del mercato elettrico prevede che l'autorita per l'energie elettrica e il gas definisca le condizioni per cui un impianto di produzione combinata di energia elettrica e calore garantisce un significativo risparmio di energia rispetto alle produzioni separate. Nella presente nota viene descritta e commentata una proposta operativa avanzata da un gruppo di lavoro del Comitato Termotecnico Italiano (CTI). Elementi caratterizzanti la proposta sono: i) il riferimento all'indice IRE (indice di Risparmio di Energia primaria), valutato su prestazioni annue nette, a consuntivo e certificate da Enti indipendenti, ii) l'introduzione di un meccanismo automatico di revisione annuale di parametri di confronto relativi alla generazione separata che tenga conto dell'evoluzione tecnologica, iii) l'introduzione di un limite inferiore al rapporto fra la generazione di energia termica utile e l'energia introdotta con il combustibile e iv l'inserimento di

Problemi di traduzione della Politica di AristoteleIl caso della traduzione in francese di Nicole Oresme

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Claudio Fiocchi

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Necessità pratiche e riflessioni teoriche accompagnano il lavoro di Oresme, nella consapevolezza che la traduzione delle grandi opere è uno strumento fondamentale per la grandezza di un popolo.

Targets of industrial development and environmental indicators; Obiettivi di sviluppo industriale e indicatori di prestazioni ambientali. Relazioni di sintesi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forni, A; Olivetti, I; Scipioni, F [ENEA, Div. Caratterizzazione dell' Ambiente e del Territorio, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Frascati, RM (Italy); Orasi, A [Rome Univ. La Sapienza, Rome (Italy). Facolta' di Statistica

2001-07-01

representations. Conclusive lines regard not only the attitude of enterprises and their approach to environmental themes; the point of view is open to programming choices of regions and other local authorities regarding economic development and environmental protection, both their correlation with a very important national law referring to the funds for industrial development (which gives to regions remarkable role) and the answers of enterprises. [Italian] La ricerca ha inteso monitorare l'uso da parte delle imprese degli indicatori di performance ambientale, in relazione all'accesso a programmi di finanziamento nazionali e/o comunitari, e analizzare il rapporto tra programmazione dello sviluppo industriale e politiche territoriali degli enti locali e dello stato centrale. La ricerca ha focalizzato l'attenzione sulla Legge 488/92 che, tra gli strumenti di incentivazione diretta alle imprese, costituisce la legge di finanziamento piu' rilevante per diversi motivi. Anzitutto per l'impegno finanziario pubblico in quanto e perche' rappresenta la principale legge di finanziamento allo sviluppo dell'imprenditoria e di sostegno all'innovazione nelle aree depresse del Paese (ex aree ob. 1, 2 e 5 b.) Soprattutto, pero', la legge ricorre a degli indicatori ambientali per la valutazione del finanziamento ed ha un rinnovato e piu' ampio ruolo di strumento di attuazione della strategia ambientale del PON sviluppo imprenditoria locale nell'attuale periodo di programmazione dei fondi comunitari, 2000-2006. La delicatezza dell'argomento di studio che coinvolge piu' amministrazioni centrali dello stato e le istituzioni locali con ampie responsabilita', aggiunta alla sua complessita' (economica, sociologica ed ambientale) hanno indotto il gruppo di ricerca ad adottare un metodo di confronto il piu' ampio possibile con elementi scientifici e giuridici/programmatici gia' accettati ed in essere. Questi confronti sono stati inseriti in uno schema interpretativo tipico dei sistemi complessi

Targets of industrial development and environmental indicators; Obiettivi di sviluppo industriale e indicatori di prestazioni ambientali. Relazioni di sintesi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forni, A.; Olivetti, I.; Scipioni, F. [ENEA, Div. Caratterizzazione dell' Ambiente e del Territorio, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Frascati, RM (Italy); Orasi, A. [Rome Univ. La Sapienza, Rome (Italy). Facolta' di Statistica

2001-07-01

georeferenced representations. Conclusive lines regard not only the attitude of enterprises and their approach to environmental themes; the point of view is open to programming choices of regions and other local authorities regarding economic development and environmental protection, both their correlation with a very important national law referring to the funds for industrial development (which gives to regions remarkable role) and the answers of enterprises. [Italian] La ricerca ha inteso monitorare l'uso da parte delle imprese degli indicatori di performance ambientale, in relazione all'accesso a programmi di finanziamento nazionali e/o comunitari, e analizzare il rapporto tra programmazione dello sviluppo industriale e politiche territoriali degli enti locali e dello stato centrale. La ricerca ha focalizzato l'attenzione sulla Legge 488/92 che, tra gli strumenti di incentivazione diretta alle imprese, costituisce la legge di finanziamento piu' rilevante per diversi motivi. Anzitutto per l'impegno finanziario pubblico in quanto e perche' rappresenta la principale legge di finanziamento allo sviluppo dell'imprenditoria e di sostegno all'innovazione nelle aree depresse del Paese (ex aree ob. 1, 2 e 5 b.) Soprattutto, pero', la legge ricorre a degli indicatori ambientali per la valutazione del finanziamento ed ha un rinnovato e piu' ampio ruolo di strumento di attuazione della strategia ambientale del PON sviluppo imprenditoria locale nell'attuale periodo di programmazione dei fondi comunitari, 2000-2006. La delicatezza dell'argomento di studio che coinvolge piu' amministrazioni centrali dello stato e le istituzioni locali con ampie responsabilita', aggiunta alla sua complessita' (economica, sociologica ed ambientale) hanno indotto il gruppo di ricerca ad adottare un metodo di confronto il piu' ampio possibile con elementi scientifici e giuridici/programmatici gia' accettati ed in essere

Momenti di occupazione e ristrutturazione del nuraghe Orgono di Ghilarza (OR

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Alessandro Usai

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Riassunto: Recenti lavori di consolidamento del nuraghe Orgono di Ghilarza (OR sono stati affiancati dallo scavo delle due camere della singolare struttura. I risultati più importanti si sono avuti nell’indagine dei due focolari sovrapposti della camera superiore, pertinenti a due distinti momenti di frequentazione: età del ferro ed età romana (fine repubblica-inizio impero. Il primo era sigillato dalla sistemazione pavimentale di epoca storica, il secondo dal sopravvenuto crollo della volta. Entrambi propongono lo studio di alcuni manufatti ceramici di scarsa qualità, solo in parte ispirati ai repertori tipologici dei rispettivi periodi e pertanto difficilmente collocabili tra le produzioni ceramiche conosciute, che sembrano attestare la lunga sopravvivenza di tecniche di lavorazione domestica. Abstract: Besides recent consolidation works of nuraghe Orgono (Ghilarza - OR, both rooms of the uncommon structure have been excavated. The most important results come from the research of the two superimposed hearths of the upper room, which belong to two distinct occupation moments: Iron Age and Roman Age (Late Republic - Early Empire. The former was covered by the floor of historical period, the latter by the collapse of the vault. Both hearths propose the study of some pottery products of low quality, which are only partly inspired to the typologies of their respective periods and therefore can hardly be placed among the known pottery productions, which suggest a long survival of home working techniques.

Uno strumento per la creazione di valore nella realizzazione di edifici sostenibili: la certificazione LEED

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S. Rick Fedrizzi

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Il presente lavoro ha l’obiettivo di delineare gli aspetti chiave della sostenibilità in ambito edilizio focalizzando l’attenzione sul sistema di certificazione LEED® quale strumento “universale” di supporto per la realizzazione, gestione e valutazione di edifici sostenibili. Nella prima parte del lavoro si descrive la rapida diffusione della certificazione LEED nel recente passato quale diretta conseguenza della capacità di questo strumento di rating di adattarsi sia alle specifiche tipologie di edifici, sia alle diversità climatiche e morfologiche dei siti. Nella seconda parte si procede invece a presentare ed analizzare gli aspetti economico-finanziari degli edifici sostenibili con riferimento sia alle metodologie valutative applicabili, sia ai dati della letteratura. Partendo dalle esperienze internazionali in tema di sostenibilità, si procede successivamente a descrivere la situazione italiana, evidenziando la percezione del mercato e le opportunità di sviluppo future.

Concentration of Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Pesticides in Different Molluscs from Tighra Reservoir, Gwalior, India.

Science.gov (United States)

Mamta; Rao, R J; Wani, Khursheed Ahmad

2015-09-01

Concentration of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites were determined in whole body homogenate of L. acuminata, I. exustus, V. dissimilis, V. bengalensis, from Tighra Reservoir during summer and post monsoon season using GC-MS technique. The different types of pesticides viz., HCB, heptachlor, aldrin, endosulfan, dieldrin, p,p-DDT, choloropyrifos, methyl parathion, dicholorovos, ethion, malathion, parathion were found in resident molluscs studied. Concentration of these pesticides varied independently during the summer and the post monsoon season at monitored sites. The study concluded that presence of pesticides in Tighra Reservoir is a major concern on public and ecosystem health and use of biopesticides in the adjacent area of Reservoir is highly recommended.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA UDANG LAUT DALAM SECARA BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA

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Ali Suman

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Pemanfaatan sumber daya udang di Indonesia dilakukan pada wilayah perairan laut dangkal dan status pengusahaannya sudah dalam tahapan jenuh (over-fishing. Apabila kondisi ini dibiarkan dalam jangka panjang tanpa adanya usaha pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan, maka akan menyebabkan kelestarian sumber daya udang akan terancam dan bahkan bisa punah. Salah satu hal yang harus dilakukan dalam mengantisipasinya adalah mencari daerah penangkapan baru di perairan laut dalam, berupa sumber daya udang yang potensial dan belum pernah dimanfaatkan (untapped resources. Komposisi jenis udang laut dalam di perairan Indonesia lebih dari sekitar 38 jenis dengan jenis udang yang mendominasi adalah Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus dan Aristeus virilis serta alat tangkap yang disarankan untuk pemanfaatannya adalah bubu laut dalam tipe silinder. Potensi penangkapan udang laut dalam di Kawasan Barat Indonesia (KBI sebagai 640 ton per tahun dan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI sebagai 2.840 ton per tahun. Agar pengelolaan sumber daya udang laut dalam dapat dilakukan berkelanjutan, maka harus dikelola dari awal pemanfaatannya. Strategi pengelolaan yang harus dilakukan adalah membatasi upaya penangkapan pada tingkat upaya sekitar 285 armada bubu laut dalam di KBI dan sekitar 1.250 armada bubu laut dalam di KTI. Selain itu harus dilakukan penutupan musim dan daerah penangkapan serta dilakukan penetapan kuota penangkapan. The utilization of Indonesia’s shrimps resources are commonly taking from shallow marine water while its status is currently on overfishing stage. In the long run without appropriate management will threat its sutainability and may be worsen to become extinct. A possible anticipition is finding a new fishing ground at deep sea area for potential deep sea shrimps as untapped resource. Deep sea shrimps species composition have been identified for more than 38 species with mainly dominated by Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus and Aristeus virili. Recommended fihing gear

Substituted 2,2′-bipyridines by nickel-catalysis: 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine

OpenAIRE

Buonomo, Joseph A.; Everson, Daniel A.; Weix, Daniel J.

2013-01-01

A simple, ligand-free synthesis of the important bipyridyl ligand 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine is presented. 5,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine is also synthesized by the same protocol. The syntheses efficiently couple the parent 2-chlorpyridies by a nickel-catalyzed dimerization with manganese powder as the terminal reductant.

Fitotossine di Inula viscosa per il controllo di piante parassite

OpenAIRE

Avolio, Fabiana

2013-01-01

Le piante parassite sono incapaci di sintetizzare dagli elementi minerali e nutritivi materiali sufficienti per la loro crescita e sopperiscono a questa deficienza fisiologica utilizzando le sostanze elaborate dalle piante ospiti, che di conseguenza manifestano generalmente una crescita ridotta. Le Orobanche, la Striga e la Cuscuta sono le piante parassite più diffuse nelle regioni del Mediterraneo e del continente africano interessando colture di rilevanza strategica. Diverse strategie...

Un taccuino a forma di strada. Su "Einbahnstrasse" di Walter Benjamin

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Pier Giovanni Adamo

2016-05-01

Full Text Available La poetica di F. Schlegel ha realizzato una storicizzazione della teoria dei generi letterari sostituendo alla dicotomia del classicismo tra forma e contenuto una distinzione tra forma e spirito, secondo cui i materiali linguistico-tematici rappresentano i precipitati di quest’ultimo. Riprendendo questa intuizione di P. Szondi, potremmo affermare che, nella modernità letteraria, l’ibridazione è il processo di transizione dei materiali attraverso le forme. Un’opera tanto esemplare quanto strutturalmente rilevante, nell’orizzonte dell’ibridazione, è Einbahnstraße di Walter Benjamin, dove i materiali più disparati sono combinati a modellare una forma innovativa. Vi si mescolano stilemi della poesia in prosa, narrazione diaristica, (antimetodo surrealista, satira e intuizioni filosofiche. L’unicità, d’altra parte, risiede innanzitutto nell’essenza metacritica del procedimento organizzativo del libro: il frammentismo sistematico è un’applicazione pratica della teoria allegorica del montaggio, descritta nell’Ursprung des deutschen Trauerspiels. Il saggio si propone di leggere il testo come «un taccuino a forma di strada», anche per indagarne il valore di prologo al Passagenwerk, nato dall’avida lettura del Paysan de Paris di Aragon: istituisce un confronto per rilevare, nell’affinità di fondo, la  diversità di approccio tra il pensatore tedesco e il surrealismo, distinguendo tecniche di assemblaggio e ruolo dell’immaginario nell’uso di pubblicità e altri oggetti metropolitani. L’intenzione di una simile analisi di Einbahnstraße è dimostrare che Benjamin combina modelli letterari (Baudelaire, Proust, Kraus su tutti con i nuovi linguaggi artistici e le strategie discorsive della stampa per creare un’«immagine dialettica» dell’esistenza nel XX secolo.Friedrich Schlegel’s poetics realized a historicisation of literary genres theory by replacing classicist dichotomy between form and content with a

PhD Dissertations Tesi di dottorato

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Redazione Reti Medievali (a cura di

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Report of PhD Dissertations.Guido Antonioli Conservator pacis et iustitie. La signoria di Taddeo Pepoli a Bologna (1337-1347, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Filologia romanza e cultura medievale (XIII ciclo, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 2001   Elisabetta Filippini «In vassallatico episcopi permanere debent». Rapporti vassallatici e concessioni beneficiali dei vescovi di Cremona fra X e XIII secolo, Tesi di dottorato di Ricerca in Storia Medievale (XV ciclo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, 2003   Marco Meschini, Innocenzo III e il "negotium pacis et fidei" in Linguadoca tra il 1198 e il 1215, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Storia medievale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2003   Fabrizio Ricciardelli The Politics of Exclusion in Florence (1215-1434, thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, University of Warwick, Department of History, April 2003 Renata Salvarani Baptizare pueros et decimas dare. Cura delle anime, strutturazione ecclesiastica e organizzazione delle campagne in area gardesana fra VIII e XIII secolo (diocesi di Brescia, Verona, Mantova e Trento, Tesi di dottorato in Storia medievale (XV ciclo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, 2002-2003   Vito Sibilio Le parole della prima crociata, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Storia dei centri delle vie e della cultura dei pellegrinaggi nel medioevo euromediterraneo, Università degli studi di Lecce, 2003Segnalazione di tesi di dottorato. Guido Antonioli Conservator pacis et iustitie. La signoria di Taddeo Pepoli a Bologna (1337-1347, Tesi di dottorato di ricerca in Filologia romanza e cultura medievale (XIII ciclo, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 2001   Elisabetta Filippini «In vassallatico episcopi permanere debent». Rapporti vassallatici e concessioni beneficiali dei vescovi di Cremona fra X e XIII secolo, Tesi di dottorato di Ricerca in Storia Medievale (XV

PhD Dissertations Tesi di dottorato

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