Computerunterstützte Sacherschließung mit dem Digitalen Assistenten (DA-2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Imma Hinrichs

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Wir beschreiben den Digitalen Assistenten DA-2, den wir zur Unterstützung der Sacherschliessung im IBS-Verbund implementiert haben. Diese webbasierte Anwendung ist eine vollständige Neuimplementierung, welche die Erkenntnisse des Vorgängersystems bei der Zentralbibliothek Zürich berücksichtigt. Wir stellen Überlegungen zur Zukunft der Sacherschliessung an und geben eine Übersicht über Projekte mit ähnlichen Zielsetzungen, die Sacherschließung mit Computerunterstützung effizienter und besser zu gestalten.   We describe the digital assistant DA-2 which we have implemented to support the subject indexing process in the IBS-Verbund. This web-based service is a new implementation from scratch based on the lessons learned with its predecessor used by the Zentralbibliothek Zürich. We also discuss the future of intellectual subject indexing and we give an overview on related projects also aiming at digitizing and economizing this challenging process.

Influence of age and menstrual cycle on mammography and MR imaging of the breast; Einfluss von Alter und Menstruationszyklus auf Mammographie und MR-Mammographie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller-Schimpfle, M.; Ohmenhaeuser, K.; Claussen, C.D. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Radiologische Diagnostik

1997-09-01

Age and menstrual cycle have an important influence on the breast. This well-known fact is experienced in the daily routine of gynecologists and radiologists. The number of publications addressing the effect of these influences on imaging, however, is surprisingly low. The aim of this work is to describe the influences of age and menstrual cycle on the breast and to address their clinical relevance for mammography and MR mammography. Therefore, own data are presented concerning the age and menstrual cycle influences on breast parenchyma in dynamic MR mammography. Literature data are used to correlate mammography and MR imaging findings with these influences. The changes of the breast due to age and menstrual cycle have important direct implications on performing and reading conventional mammography and MR mammography. The knowledge of these changes is also helpful in the interpretation of findings when comparing different methods. Finally, the data gained by using imaging methods enable important basic insights into physiology and physiopathology of the breast in vivo. (orig.) [Deutsch] Alter und Menstruationszyklus stellen wichtige Einflussfaktoren auf die Mamma dar. Diese Tatsache ist klinisch lange bekannt und im Alltag des Gynaekologen wie Radiologen staendig praesent. Dagegen ist die Anzahl der Publikationen zu den Auswirkungen dieser Einfluesse auf die Bildgebung erstaunlich niedrig. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die alters- und zyklusabhaengigen Veraenderungen der Mamma und deren klinische Relevanz fuer die Mammographie und MR-Mammographie darzustellen. Zu diesem Zweck werden aus einer eigenen Studie Daten der dynamischen MR-Tomographie zum Alters- und Zykluseinfluss auf das Mammaparenchym praesentiert. Darueber hinaus werden diese Einflussfaktoren mit mammographischen und MR-tomographischen Daten aus der Literatur korreliert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass sich aus den alters- und menstruationszyklusbedingten Veraenderungen der Brust wichtige unmittelbare

Geschäftsmodelle in der digitalen Wirtschaft. Vollstudie

OpenAIRE

Müller, Simon C.; Böhm, Markus; Schröer, Marina; Bahkirev, Alexander; Baiasu, Bogdan-Cristian; Krcmar, Helmut; Welpe, Isabell M.

2016-01-01

Selten zuvor haben neuartige Konzepte und Technologien überall auf der Welt so schnell und weitreichend gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Anwendung gefunden wie digitale Geschäftsmodelle und Smartphones in den letzten zehn Jahren. Meilensteine der Entwicklung waren der Beginn der Digitalisierung ganzer Bibliotheken beginnend mit dem Jahr 2005 und die Markteinführung des iPhones im Jahr 2007. Die digitale Transformation stellt Politik und Wirtschaft vor große Herausforderungen. Für eine fu...

Die Grundlagen der Fernsehtechnik: Systemtheorie und Technik der Bildübertragung

Science.gov (United States)

Mahler, Gerhard

Umfassende Einführung in die Grundlagen der Bewegtbild-Übertragung von den Anfängen bis zum heutigen Stand des digitalen Fernsehens mit einer aus der Praxis entstandenen systemtheoretischen Analyse. Die kompakte und anschaulich bebilderte Darstellung mit elementaren mathematischen Beschreibungen macht es dem Leser leicht, sich in die Bildübertragungstechnik einzuarbeiten. Thematische Einheiten erweitern den Wissensstoff - u.a. zu den Themen visuelle Wahrnehmung, mehrdimensionale Signaldarstellung, Farbmetrik, Digitalisierung, Elektronenoptik - und zeigen deren Anwendung auf die elektronische Bildübertragung.

Ein größeres Stück vom Kuchen: Besteuerung der Gewinne von Google und Co.

OpenAIRE

Becker, Johannes; Englisch, Joachim

2017-01-01

Unternehmen der digitalen Wirtschaft wie Google, Facebook, Amazon usw. sind in Europa allgegenwärtig, zahlen aber nur wenig Steuern. Die Finanzminister einiger wichtiger EUMitgliedstaaten haben deshalb eine umsatzbasierte Ausgleichsteuer auf Internetunternehmen vorgeschlagen. Ein solches Steuerinstrument verletzt jedoch wesentliche Regeln des internationalen Steuerregimes. Eine Erweiterung des Betriebstättenbegriffs in Richtung einer 'digitalen Betriebstätte' könnte hingegen sinnvoll sein. Su...

Der digitalisierte Steuerpflichtige

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ehrke-Rabel, Tina

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Der digitalisierte Steuerpflichtige ist digitalisiert in seinem Wirtschaften und digitalisiert in seiner Interaktion mit der Finanzverwaltung. Digitale und digitalisierte Wirtschaftsmodelle stellen sowohl den Gesetzgeber als auch den Abgabenvollzug vor Herausforderungen, weil einerseits die physische Anknüpfung von Sachverhalten an staatliches Territorium nahezu unmöglich wird und andererseits staatliche Kontrolle von digitalen Wirtschaftsmodellen im derzeitigen System schwer möglich ist. Halten sich Steuerpflichtige an ihre Pflichten gegenüber der Finanzverwaltung, bietet die Digitalisierung jedoch Chancen für die Effizienzsteigerung des Vollzuges. Die Balance zwischen staatlicher Effizienz durch Digitalisierung und Schutz des Einzelnen vor übermäßigen Eingriffen in das Grundrecht auf Wahrung der Privatsphäre einerseits und dem Recht auf gute Verwaltung andererseits scheint derzeit jedoch noch nicht umfassend erreicht.

Analytische Betrachtung des Quantisierungsfehlers bei grundlegenden Rechenoperationen der digitalen Signalverarbeitung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. Schlecker

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Bei der Realisierung digitaler Schaltungen mit einem ASIC oder FPGA kann die Wortbreite der Berechnungen frei gewählt werden. Um die Fläche bzw. die benötigte Hardware zu minimieren, wird versucht, die Berechnungen mit minimaler Wortbreite zu implementieren. Dabei muss jedoch das Quantisierungsrauschen, das durch das Beschränken der Wortbreite entsteht, berücksichtigt werden. Häufig wird hierzu eine worst-case Abschätzung des Fehlers gemacht oder mit Simulationen die benötigte Wortbreite bestimmt. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet die Auswirkungen der Quantisierung analytisch. Dabei wird von gleichverteilten Eingangssignalen ausgegangen. Es wird das Quantisierungsrauschen in Abhängigkeit von der Eingangs- und Ausgangswortbreite bei der Multiplikation und beim Skalarprodukt betrachtet. Die Untersuchungen wurden für Runden und für Abschneiden analytisch durchgeführt und durch Simulation bestätigt.

Social Bots und Fake News - Was EU- und UNESCO-Referenzrahmen zum Lernen im digitalen Zeitalter darüber (nicht sagen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dietmar Janetzko

2017-07-01

Full Text Available In den letzten Jahren haben internationale Organisationen wie die EU und die UNESCO eine Reihe von Vorschlägen und Strategiepapieren zur Bildung und Ausbildung im Zusammenhang mit digitalen Medien entwickelt. Mit den dabei entstandenen Rahmenkonzepten der EU (Digital Competence, DigComp sowie der UNESCO (Media and Information Literacy, MIL werden im Kern zwei zusammenhängende Ziele verfolgt: (i digitale Bildung bzw. digitale Kompetenzen, Fähigkeiten und zugehörige Einstellungen umfassend zu kartographieren sowie (ii über die dabei konzipierten edukativ-politischen Rahmenkonzepte Projektförderungen, Bildungs- bzw. Ausbildungsinitiativen sowie Gesetzesvorlagen anzustossen. Tatsächlich sind DigComp und MIL bereits dabei, auf internationaler Ebene einen prägenden Einfluss zu nahezu allen Fragen der Bildung und Ausbildung im Bereich digitaler Medien auszuüben. Beide Initiativen haben innerhalb der genannten Organisationen Leuchtturmcharakter, werden bislang aber von der allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit und der medienpädagogischen Fachöffentlichkeit kaum wahrgenommen. Dessen ungeachtet verbindet sich mit DigComp und MIL jeweils ein impliziter Anspruch auf einen – im Bedarfsfall zu aktualisierenden – Gesamtentwurf zur Analyse und Gestaltung medienpädagogischer Bildung und Ausbildung. Dies gilt für Gesetzesvorlagen, Regulierungen, Forschungsaktivitäten. Sind diese Rahmenkonzepte anschlussfähig an medienpädagogische Debatten über disruptive Versuche, in via soziale Medien geführte öffentliche Debatten einzugreifen, die sich über social bots, fake news oder andere Formen der Einflussnahme manifestieren? Erschliessen sie dazu Reflexionsräume und Handlungsoptionen? Geleitet von diesen Fragen betrachtet der vorliegende Aufsatz, die Rahmenkonzepte der EU und UNESCO, DigComp and MIL. Dabei zeigt sich, dass beide Rahmenkonzepte von Schieflagen gekennzeichnet sind. DigComp und MIL überbetonen die instrumentelle, auf Verwertung am

Dose reduction of radiographs of the pediatric pelvis for diagnosing hip dysplasia using a digital flat-panel detector system; Dosisreduktion bei Roentgenaufnahmen des kindlichen Beckenskelettes zur Diagnostik der Hueftgelenksdysplasie unter Verwendung eines digitalen Flachdetektorsystems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ludwig, K.; Ahlers, K.; Kloska, S.; Vieth, V.; Meier, N.; Heindel, W. [Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Univ. Muenster (Germany); Sandmann, C.; Gosheger, G. [Orthopaedische Klinik, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Univ. Muenster (Germany)

2003-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate a possible dose reduction in pediatric pelvic radiographs in congenital hip dysplasia using a digital flat-panel system instead of a phosphor-storage system. Materials and Methods: During a six-month period, all pediatric patients referred for pelvic radiography for the evaluation of congenital hip dysplasia were randomely assigned to be examined by either a phosphor-storage system or a digital flat-panel system, whereby the latter system was operated with half the radiation dose. Thirty pairs of radiographs were assessed for the visibility of 16 anatomic details and for 5 orthopedic-radiographic measurements (5-point scale with 1 = excellent; three independent observers). The projection indices of Ball and Kommenda and of Toennis and Brunken were calculated for all radiographs. The Student's t-test was used to compare the flat-panel and the phosphor-storage radiographs for observers' assessments, patients' age and projection indices. Results: In a total of 7560 observations, the scores for the visibility of anatomic details and orthopedic-radiographic measurements were respectively 2.72 and 2.64 for the flat-panel system and 2.93 and 2.79 for the phosphor-storage system. No significant differences were found between both systems (p > 0.05) and between patient age and projection indices (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric pelvic radiographs can be obtained with a digital flat-panel system using half the radiation dose instead of a phosphor-storage system without sacrificing relevant information in the diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia. (orig.) [German] Zielsetzung: Evaluation einer moeglichen Dosisreduktion bei kindlichen Beckenroentgenaufnahmen zur Diagnostik der Hueftgelenksdysplasie mit einem digitalen Flachdetektorsystem im Vergleich zu einem digitalen Speicherfoliensystem. Material und Methoden: Prospektiv wurden alle ueber einen Zeitraum von 6 Monaten zur Roentgenaufnahme des Beckenskelettes im Rahmen der Diagnostik der

Smartes System für die Energiewende - der Übertragungsnetzbetreiber in der digitalen Zukunft

Science.gov (United States)

Pflaum, Rainer; Egeler, Tobias

Die Übertragungsnetze stellen eine zuverlässige Versorgung von Haushalt, Gewerbe und Industrie mit elektrischer Energie sicher und sind damit Grundlage einer modernen Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Die mittlerweile unumkehrbaren Entwicklungen der nationalen und europäischen Energiewende stellen den Übertragungsnetzbetreiber in seinen Kernaufgaben, dem Bau und Betrieb von Netzen, dem Markt- und Netzzugang und der Integration der erneuerbaren Energien vor neue und große Herausforderungen. Verbrauchsnahe dezentrale Erzeugung wie verbrauchsferne zentrale Erzeugung muss im Sinne der Gewährleistung der Systemstabilität gemanagt und in Einklang mit dem Verbrauch gebracht werden. Erneuerbare Energien müssen zudem in einem solchen System ihren Beitrag zur System- und Marktintegration leisten. All das erfordert mehr Daten, um in einem Gesamtsystem dynamische Reaktionsmöglichkeiten gewährleisten zu können. Erst die "Digitalisierung" schafft dabei die notwendigen Voraussetzungen die Komplexität zu stemmen. Die Digitalisierung stellt daher ein Kernelement dieses Wandels des Übertragungsnetzbetreibers dar, die einerseits mit zum Entstehen der neuen Herausforderungen beiträgt, andererseits aber auch hilft Werkzeuge bereitzustellen, diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie die Digitalisierung die Aufgaben und Instrumente des Übertragungsnetzbetreibers verändern. Ausgehend von den heutigen Aufgaben eines Übertragungsnetzbetreibers und dem gültigen Rechtsrahmen werden unter dem Begriff "Notwendiges Set für morgen" smarte Elemente und Werkzeuge beschrieben, die bereits heute im Einsatz sind oder in den nächsten Jahren notwendig werden. Im Anschluss erfolgt anhand einiger Beispiele aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen eine Konkretisierung der Einsatzzwecke der Digitalisierung beim Übertragungsnetzbetreiber. Ein kurzer Ausblick mit Fokus auf den weiteren Veränderungsprozess rundet den Beitrag ab.

Die Digitalisierung der Energiewirtschaft: Potenziale und Herausforderungen der IKT-Branche für Utility 4.0

Science.gov (United States)

Aichele, Christian; Schönberger, Marius

Energieunternehmen haben auf dem Weg zur digitalen Transformation noch viele Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt derzeit auf der Modernisierung der IT-Systeme. Ausgangspunkt hierzu ist, dass sich bei den Endkonsumenten Mobile Applikationen, Smartphones, Tablet-PCs oder Smart TVs einer immensen Beliebtheit erfreuen. Durch diese Technologien wird die physische und virtuelle Welt in immer weiter zunehmendem Maße miteinander verknüpft. Mobile Applikation können einen wahren Hype hervorrufen und Verhaltensweisen auch nachhaltig verändern (ein Beispiel hierfür ist Pokémon Go, eine App die ein virtuelles Spiel mit der realen Umgebung kombiniert und die erstmalig auch eingefleischte Zocker aus der Anonymität ihrer häuslichen Umgebung hervorlocken konnte und für analoge Bewegung im Freien sorgte).

Malignant and benign diseases of the breast in 41 male patients: mammography, sonography and pathological correlations; Maligne und benigne Erkrankungen der Brust bei 41 maennlichen Patienten: Mammographie und Sonographie mit histopathologischer Korrelation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Partik, B.; Mallek, R.; Pokieser, P.; Wunderbaldinger, P.; Helbich, T.H. [Vienna Univ. (Austria). Klinik fuer Radiodiagnostik; Rudas, M. [Vienna Univ. (Austria). Inst. fuer Klinische Pathologie

2001-11-01

Aim: The goal of our study was to evaluate findings in mammography and sonography in male patients with pathohistologically proven diseases of the breast. Material and Methods: Mammographies and sonographies, which were obtained in 41 male patients in a 6-year period, were retrospectively evaluated in accordance with the BI-RADS trademark classification. Results: Histologically 13 carcinomas, 21 gynecomastias, 3 pseudogynecomastias, 2 epithelial inclusion cysts and 2 other benign lesions were diagnosed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of mammography in differentiation of benign versus malignant disease were 92%, 89%, 80%, 96% and 90%, respectively. Additional sonography did not change these results. However, sonography increased diagnostic confidence in 18.2% (2/11) of suspicious lesions. Conclusion: In our study the invasive ductal carcinoma of male patients was a predominantly lobulated, ill-defined lesion in mammography and sonography. The differentiation of carcinoma to pseudogynecomastia and diffuse or dendritic gynecomastia was securely feasible. However, we could not reliably distinguish between carcinoma and some benign mass lesions. In cases of mammographically diagnosed masses or unclear mammography, additional sonography should be performed to increase the diagnostic confidence. (orig.) [German] Ziel: Die Befunde von Mammographie und Sonographie bei histologisch gesicherten malignen und benignen Mammaerkrankungen maennlicher Patienten zu evaluieren. Material und Methode: Retrospektiv wurden die in einem Zeitraum von 6 Jahren durchgefuehrten Mammographien und Sonographien bei 41 maennlichen Patienten in Anlehnung an die BI-RADS trademark Klassifikation ausgewertet. Resultate: Es wurden 13 Karzinome, 21 Gynaekomastien, 3 Pseudogynaekomastien, 2 Atherome und 2 weitere benigne Laesionen histologisch diagnostiziert. Die Mammographie zeigte in der Differenzierung maligne versus benigne Laesion

IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise): A new approach for the improvement of digital communication in healthcare; IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise): Ein neuer Ansatz zur Verbesserung der digitalen Kommunikation im Gesundheitswesen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wein, B.B. [Universitaetsklinikum Aachen (Germany). Klinik fuer Radiologische Diagnostik

2003-02-01

, sondern entfaltet durch gezielte Nutzung der internationalen Standards HL7 und DICOM zur Informationsuebertragung seine Wirkung. Nationale IHE-Demonstrationen haben die Wirksamkeit dieser Massnahmen bestaetigt und einem breiten Publikum von Anwendern und Anbietern bekannt gemacht. Der IHE-Prozess erfaehrt eine zunehmende Ausweitung und bietet erstmals die Moeglichkeit, gemeinsam mit unterschiedlichen Interessensgruppen die Probleme der digitalen Informationsbeschaffung und -verteilung sicher zu loesen. (orig.)

Fundamentals of mechatronics; Grundlagen der Mechatronik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernstein, H.

2000-07-01

Mechatronics combines the disciplines of electrotechnics, electronics, computer science, mechanical engineering, design, pneumatics, hydraulics and process engineering, and the book addresses students and experts in all these fields. It comprises a CD which runs on PC under Windows and illustrates the theory of mechatronics and presents examples. [German] Die Mechatronik (Kunstwort aus Mechanik und Elektronik) stellt die technische Verbindung zwischen den Fachdisziplinen Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Informatik, Maschinenbau, Antriebstechnik, Konstruktion, Pneumatik, Hydraulik und Verfahrenstechnik dar, und dementsprechend ist dieses Buch auf das Studium bzw. das Berufbild der einzelnen Aufgabenfelder abgestimmt. Durch die Bauelemente der analogen bzw. digitalen Schaltungstechnik und der Leistungselektronik wurden die Voraussetzungen fuer die Mechatronik in der Automatisierungstechnik geschaffen, die in der Industrie nicht nur zu einer Produktionssteigerung fuehrten, sondern auch die Herstellungsgenauigkeit der Fabrikate wesentlich erhoehten. Durch die Programme auf den beiden dem Buch beiliegenden CD-ROM laesst sich die Theorie der mechatronischen Teilgebiete direkt am PC unter Windows simulieren. Anhand kurzer, aussagekraeftiger Simulationsbeispiele werden die grundlegenden bzw. weiterentwickelten Elemente der Mechatronik gezeigt. Ob in der Antriebstechnik oder in der elektrischen Schaltungstechnik, alle Versuche lassen sich komplett und einfach simulieren und veraendern, so dass jeder Lernschritt nachvollziehbar ist. (orig.)

Intraoperative digital radiography for diagnosis of non-palpable breast lesions; Digitale intraoperative Praeparateradiographie bei diagnostischen Exzisionen nicht palpabler Laesionen der Brust

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diekmann, F.; Grebe, S.; Hamm, B. [Humboldt-Univ., Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Radiologie; Bick, U. [Humboldt-Univ., Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Radiologie; Chicago Univ., IL (United States). Dept. of Radiology; Winzer, K.J. [Humboldt-Univ., Berlin (Germany). Klinik fuer Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefaess- und Thoraxchirurgie; Paepke, S. [Humboldt-Univ., Berlin (Germany). Abt. fuer Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe

2000-12-01

Purpose: A procedure for performing intraoperative digital radiography of diagnostic breast specimens directly in the operating suite with teleradiologic assessment by a radiologist is presented. The efficiency of this procedure is compared with that of conventional magnification mammography performed in the radiology department. Material and Methods: Thirty-six specimen radiographs obtained by conventional magnification mammography were compared with 38 intraoperative digital magnification radiographs (DIMA Soft P42 prototype, Feinfocus Inc., Garbsen). The radiographs were assessed for lesion conspicuity and time savings for the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and radiologist. Results: The new procedure identified all 38 labeled pathological lesions, and the conventional technique likewise had a detection rate of 100% (36/36). The new technique resulted in considerable time savings for the surgeon and the radiologist. The duration of surgery was shorter and the time interval from removal of the specimen to reporting of the results was reduced from about 23 min to about 13 min. A single radiograph was sufficient for complete visualization of the specimen in all cases. Conclusion: Digital intraoperative specimen radiography considerably reduces the time of surgery depending on the local conditions and is highly accurate in locating a suspicious area within the tissue. (orig.) [German] Ziel: Es wird die Moeglichkeit vorgestellt, digitale intraoperative Praeparateradiographie bei diagnostischen Exzisionen direkt im OP-Trakt mit teleradiologischer Begutachtung durch den Radiologen durchzufuehren. Die Leistungsfaehigkeit des Verfahrens wurde mit der konventionellen Vergroesserungsmammographie im Roentgeninstitut verglichen. Material und Methode: Es wurden 36 Praeparateaufnahmen, die mit der herkoemmlichen konventionellen Vergroesserungsmammographie durchgefuehrt worden waren, mit 38 intraoperativen digitalen Vergroesserungsaufnahmen (DIMA Soft P42, Fa. Feinfocus, Garbsen

Fundamentals of mechatronics. 2. ed.; Grundlagen der Mechatronik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernstein, H.

2004-07-01

Mechatronics combines the disciplines of electrotechnics, electronics, computer science, mechanical engineering, design, pneumatics, hydraulics and process engineering, and the book addresses students and experts in all these fields. It comprises a CD which runs on PC under Windows and illustrates the theory of mechatronics and presents examples. (GL) [German] Die Mechatronik (Kunstwort aus Mechanik und Elektronik) stellt die technische Verbindung zwischen den Fachdisziplinen Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Informatik, Maschinenbau, Antriebstechnik, Konstruktion, Pneumatik, Hydraulik und Verfahrenstechnik dar, und dementsprechend ist dieses Buch auf das Studium bzw. das Berufbild der einzelnen Aufgabenfelder abgestimmt. Durch die Bauelemente der analogen bzw. digitalen Schaltungstechnik und der Leistungselektronik wurden die Voraussetzungen fuer die Mechatronik in der Automatisierungstechnik geschaffen, die in der Industrie nicht nur zu einer Produktionssteigerung fuehrten, sondern auch die Herstellungsgenauigkeit der Fabrikate wesentlich erhoehten. Durch die Programme auf den beiden dem Buch beiliegenden CD-ROM laesst sich die Theorie der mechatronischen Teilgebiete direkt am PC unter Windows simulieren. Anhand kurzer, aussagekraeftiger Simulationsbeispiele werden die grundlegenden bzw. weiterentwickelten Elemente der Mechatronik gezeigt. Ob in der Antriebstechnik oder in der elektrischen Schaltungstechnik, alle Versuche lassen sich komplett und einfach simulieren und veraendern, so dass jeder Lernschritt nachvollziehbar ist. (orig.)

Christian Enichlmayr, Leiter der Oberösterreichischen Landesbibliothek von 1999 bis 2015, beantwortet 10 Fragen von Bruno Bauer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Enichlmayr

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Christian Enichlmayr beantwortet Fragen über seinen Start ins Berufsleben in der Verlagsbranche, seine Zeit an der Universitätsbibliothek Linz und seinen Wechsel an die Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek. 1999 bis 2015 war er als deren Leiter auch in führender Position für die Transformation der Bundesstaatlichen Studienbibliothek zur Landesbibliothek sowie die Sanierung und Erweiterung des Bibliotheksgebäudes verantwortlich. Weitere Themen, die in den vergangenen 17 Jahren an der Landesbibliothek stark forciert wurden, erstrecken sich von der NS-Provenienzforschung über die Entwicklung der digitalen Landesbibliothek bis zur Stärkung der Rolle der Landesbibliothek im oberösterreichischen Kulturleben. Zuletzt spricht Enichlmayr über die Bedeutung von Kooperationen im Bibliothekswesen, die Ausrichtung des Bibliothekartages der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare 2004 in Linz sowie die Perspektive für Bibliotheken.

Zeitspiel ist keine Alternative - Warum der Wandel zur Pflicht wird

Science.gov (United States)

Dieper, Stephan

"Wege entstehen dadurch, dass man sie geht." (Franz Kafka) Die Welt der Digitalisierung ist voll von Wegen, die jemand gegangen ist, bevor dort ein Weg war. Manche dieser Wege stellten sich als Sackgasse heraus, manche als Abkürzung und aus anderen wurden ganze Wegenetze und Städte. Die Energiewelt wird durch den digitalen Wandel nicht verschont bleiben. Durch die intelligenten Messsysteme und die zugehörigen, neuen Strukturen werden energiefremden Wettbewerbern Chancen zum Markteintritt eröffnet. EVUs müssen sich darauf einstellen, dass der permanente Wandel nicht mehr enden wird. Doch auch den EVUs eröffnen sich Optionen. Um erfolgreich zu sein, müssen sie lernen loszugehen, ohne das genaue Ziel zu kennen.

Ein realer Lernort mit digitalem Mehrwert. Die Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz nach der Sanierung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliver Kohl-Frey

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Die Sanierung der Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz erforderte eine Überprüfung des bibliothekarischen Konzepts aus den sechziger Jahren, das in einem Gebäude der siebziger Jahre umgesetzt wurde. Insgesamt betrachtet bewährt sich das Konzept der Konstanzer Bibliothek bis heute, und es werden lediglich Anpassungen an die Bedürfnisse des 21. Jahrhunderts nötig. Durch aktive Pflege des gedruckten Bestands inklusive Aussonderung konnte Raum für die notwendige Ausweitung der Funktionen als Lernort und als sozialer Ort geschaffen werden. Das neu konzipierte Hybrid Bookshelf erlaubt eine neuartige Präsentation des digitalen Bestands am Ort Bibliothek. Durch die so angepasste Konzeption kann eine signifikante Aufwertung des realen Lernorts samt digitalem Mehrwert erreicht werden. The redevelopment process of the University of Konstanz Library required a proof of the sixties library concept that was realized within a seventies building. Generally the concept has proved itself; small adaptions have to be realized for the needs of the 21.century. The libraries functions as learning space and as social space are strengthened. Through the newly developed Hybrid Bookshelf the digital collection will be visible within the library space. That leads to a significant appreciation of the real learning space and a digital additional value.

The role of stereotactic 11G vacuum biopsy for clarification of BI-RADS{sup TM} IV findings in mammography; Wertigkeit der stereotaktischen 11 G-Vakuumbiopsie zur Abklaerung von Befunden der Kategorie BI-RADS{sup TM} IV in der Mammographie

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Diebold, T.; Jacobi, V.; Ballenberger, S.; Hochmuth, K.; Balzer, J.O.; Vogl, T.J. [Inst. fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum der J.W.G.-Univ. Frankfurt/Main (Germany); Krapfl, E.; Minckwitz, G. v.; Solbach, C.; Kaufmann, M. [Klinik fuer Gynaekologie und Geburtshilfe, Klinikum der J.W.G.-Univ. Frankfurt/Main (Germany); Fellbaum, M. [Senckenbergisches Inst. fuer Pathologie, Klinikum der J.W.G.-Univ. Frankfurt/Main (Germany)

2003-04-01

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of stereotactic vacuum breast biopsy in the histologic evaluation of suspicious mammographic findings (BI-RADS{sup TM} IV). Materials und Methods: In 221 patients with 227 probable mammographic lesions categorized as (BI-RADS{sup TM}-IV), stereotactic biopsies were performed with an 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy device (Mammotome). The evaluation included the histology of the specimens obtained with the Mammotome or with surgery, the time for the biopsy, the amount of bleeding, number of rotations and procured specimens, the extent of the resection and the complications. Results: The biopsies were technically successful in 214 of the 227 probable mammographic lesions, with 176 lesions mostly resected and 34 lesions removed more than 50%. No representative tissue was obtained from 4 lesions. All biopsies were performed without any clinically relevant complications and terminated after adequate material was obtained (Oe 28 specimens, 2.58 rotations). The mean time needed for performing the biopsy was 40.2 minutes. The histologic findings were DCIS (42 lesions), ADH (7 lesions), LCIS (3 lesions), ID-Ca (14 lesions), IL-Ca (3 lesions), and IDL-Ca (1 lesion). In 28 of 42 lesions with the initial DCIS histology, the surgical histology was also DCIS (n=28) or no residual tumor (n=10). In 4 lesions with an initial DCIS-histology, the surgical histology was invasive ductal cancer (9.5%). The late follow-up examinations (up to 3 years) did not find any evidence of a false negative biopsy. Conclusion: Stereotactic vacuum breast biopsy ideally complements existing breast biopsy methods. The method is minimal invasive with a low rate of mostly minor complications. (orig.) [German] Ziel: Evaluierung der Wertigkeit der stereotaktischen Vakuumbiopsie zur Abklaerung von Befunden der Kategorie BI-RADS{sup TM} IV in der Mammographie. Material und Methode: Bei 221 Patientinnen mit 227 mammographischen Laesionen der BI-RADS{sup TM}-Kategorie IV

Digitale arbeitsprozessorientierte Kompetenzentwicklung in der höheren beruflichen Bildung. Ein situiert-partizipativ-adaptiver Forschungsansatz am Beispiel von Fachschulen für Technik

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Christian Filk

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Christian Filk und Axel Grimm diskutieren die arbeitsprozessorientierte Kompetenzentwicklung in der höheren beruflichen Bildung und gehen dabei von dem Problem aus, dass Learning-Managment-Systeme erweitert eingesetzt werden sollten. "Da [...] die berufliche Handlungskompetenz zukünftiger Mitarbeiter erheblich von der Fähigkeit abhängen wird, sich in digitalen Informationssystemen zurecht zu finden, muss dieser Kompetenzerwerb als eigenes Lernziel für beruflichen Unterricht definiert werden." – Ralf Tenberg (2001: 305

Quality Control using Semantic Technologies in Digital Libraries

OpenAIRE

Tönnies, Sascha

2012-01-01

Eine kontrollierte Qualität der Metadaten ist einer der wichtigsten Vorteile bei der Verwendung von digitalen Bibliotheken im Vergleich zu Web Suchmaschinen. Auf diesen hochqualitativen Inhalten werden immer mehr fachspezifische Portale durch die digitalen Bibliotheken erzeugt. Die so entstehenden Informationssysteme bieten oftmals neben einer simplen Stichwortsuche auch Objekt zentrierte Suchen an. Um solch eine Objekt-Suche zu ermöglichen, ist aber eine hochqualitative Verarbeitung der zugr...

Medienstrukturen

OpenAIRE

Vogler, Daniel

2017-01-01

Das Mediensystem in der Schweiz ist durch grosse Unsicherheiten und krisenhafte Entwicklungen geprägt. Sie sind eine direkte Folge des digitalen Strukturwandels der Öffentlichkeit. Im Zuge dieses Strukturwandels findet eine Verlagerung der Medieninhalte und Mediennutzung auf die digitalen Kanäle statt. In der Schweiz informieren sich bereits 41% der Bevölkerung hauptsächlich über Newssites oder Social Media. Tech-Intermediäre wie Facebook und Google profitieren von dieser Entwicklung und w...

Mammography and radiation risk; Mammographie und Strahlenrisiko

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Jung, H. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Biophysik und Strahlenbiologie

1998-10-01

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasia among women in Germany. The use of mammography as the most relevant diagnostic procedure has increased rapidly over the last decade. Radiation risks associated with mammography may be estimated from the results of numerous epidemiological studies providing risk coefficients for breast cancer in relation to age at exposure. Various calculations can be performed using the risk coefficients. For instance, a single mammography examination (bilateral, two views of each breast) of a women aged 45 may enhance the risk of developing breast cancer during her lifetime numerically from about 12% of 12.0036%. This increase in risk is lower by a factor of 3,300 as compared to the risk of developing breast cancer in the absence of radiation exposure. At the age of 40 or more, the benefit of mammography exceeds the radiation risk by a factor of about 100. At higher ages this factor increases further. Finally, the dualism of individual risk and collective risk is considered. It is shown that the individual risk of a patient, even after multiple mammography examinations, is vanishingly small. Nevertheless, the basic principle of minimising radiation exposure must be followed to keep the collective risk in the total population as low as reasonably achievable. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Mammakarzinom ist in Deutschland die haeufigste Krebserkrankung der Frau, und entsprechend oft wird die Mammographie als das derzeit wichtigste Diagnoseverfahren eingesetzt. Zur Beurteilung des mit einer mammographischen Untersuchung verbundenen Strahlenrisikos liegen die Resultate einer groesseren Anzahl strahlenepidemiologischer Studien vor. Diese liefern den Risikokoeffizienten fuer Brustkrebs in Abhaengigkeit vom Lebensalter bei Strahlenexposition und ermoeglichen somit die Berechnung des altersabhaengigen Strahlenrisikos. Beispielsweise wird durch eine einmalige Mammographie-Untersuchung (bilateral, je zwei Aufnahmen in zwei Ebenen) bei einer 45

Supplementary methods in breast cancer screening: ultrasonography and magnetic resonance tomography of the breast; Mammasonographie und Magnetresonanz-Mammographie als ergaenzende Methoden im Mammographiescreening

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Delorme, S. [Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (Germany). Abt. fuer Onkologische Diagnostik und Therapie

2001-04-01

Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance (MR) tomography are helpful tools to evaluate unclear lesions found at screening mammography. Ultrasound is particularly useful to prove the presence of a cyst or to further examine unclear, asymmetrical densities. With MR mammography, carcinomas can be found even when X-ray mammography or ultrasonography are limited due to diffuse, benign, proliferative changes. Ultrasound guidance has greatly facilitated core needle biopsy for suspicious lesions. Additionally, approved devices for MR-guided biopsy are commercially available. As a primary screening tool, ultrasound or MR mammography may be used only in women who are positive for BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutations or who are otherwise at high risk for breast cancer. (orig.) [German] Sonographie und Magnetresonanz-Mammographie koennen zur Abklaerung unklarer Befunde eingesetzt werden, die im Rahmen des Mammographiescreenings auffallen. Die Mammosonographie eignet sich besonders zum Nachweis von Zysten und zur Abklaerung unklarer Dichte-Asymmetrien. Mit der Magnetresonanz-Mammographie koennen Karzinome auch dann nachgewiesen werden, wenn die Untersuchungsbedingungen fuer die Roentgenmammographie oder die Sonographie aufgrund einer Mastopathie unguenstig sind. Bei der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklaerung von Herdbefunden hat die Moeglichkeit der sonographischen Fuehrung einer Stanz- oder Vakuumbiopsie das Verfahren wesentlich vereinfacht. Fuer die MR-gesteuerte Biopsie sind inzwischen zugelassene Fuehrungshilfen kommerziell erhaeltlich. Als primaere Screeningmethode kommen sowohl die Sonographie als auch die Magnetresonanz-Mammographie nur fuer wenige Frauen in Frage, in der Regel bei nachgewiesenen BRCA-1- oder BRCA-2-Mutationen oder bei sonstiger Brustkrebsdisposition. (orig.)

Neue Möglichkeiten in der archäologischen arbeit durch den Einsatz digitales Bildauswertung und photogrammetrischer Messtechniken

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Jan Wesbuer

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Die digitale Bildbearbeitung und die digitale Photogrammetrie haben in den letzten Jahren, neben vielen anderen Gebieten, die Dokumentation von Ausgrabungsstätten beeinflusst. Die Photogrammetrie hat ihren Ursprung in der Vermessungskunde. Sie wird heutzutage in vielen Bereichen der Ingenieurwissenschaften eingesetzt und hat somit viele Schnittbereiche zu angrenzenden wissenschaftlichen Gebieten. In der Archäologie hat sie daher die Möglichkeit, in vielen Bereichen die herkömmliche Geodäsie zu erweitern bzw. neue Möglichkeiten der Visualisierung zu schaffen oder bei der Bildauswertung zu helfen.Durch die Bildbearbeitung ist es heutzutage möglich, schnell und vor Ort die Dokumentation vorzunehmen. Mit ihrer Hilfe können z.B. nicht orthogonale Aufnahmen perspektivisch entzerrt werden, so dass in ihnen wieder gemessen werden kann.Der Artikel unterteilt sich in 3 Bereiche:• als erstes werden die Möglichkeiten der digitalen Bildbearbeitung bzw. Auswertung von Photos dargestellt.• danach wird auf die photogrammetrische Auswertung und Vermessung von Ausgrabungsstätten eingegangen. • und zuletzt werden einige Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten gezeigt, die mit Hilfe der photogrammetrischen Auswertung und 3DModellerstellung realisiert werden können.

Medienpädagogik unter der differenztheoretischen Lupe. Eine Identitätssuche zwischen Disziplin und Profession

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Franziska Linke

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Der Beitrag diskutiert die dem Themenheft zugrundeliegende Fragestellung nach der Konstitution der Medienpädagogik aus einer systemtheoretischen Perspektive. Dabei wird im Anschluss an Stichweh (2013 Ansatz der funktionalen Differenzierung ein Untersuchungsrahmen aufgezeigt, der es ermöglicht, die Medienpädagogik sowohl aus wissenschaftssoziologischer als auch professionssoziologischer Perspektive zu betrachten. Gerade die zentrale Rolle der (digitalen Medien für Lern- und Bildungsprozesse sowie für den Arbeitsmarkt (u. a. KMK 2016 verlangt eine stetige Reflexion professioneller Handlungssysteme der Medienpädagogik, die nicht losgelöst von der Frage nach dem Selbstverständnis der Medienpädagogik als Wissenschaftsdisziplin gelingen kann (u. a. Hugger 2001. Divergierende theoretische Positionierungen der Akteurinnen und Akteure sowie verschiedene Zielvorstellungen zur Medienpädagogik selbst und zu dem, was sie praktisch leisten kann, erschweren ein solches Vorhaben. Die Autorinnen des Beitrags begeben sich daher, unter Berücksichtigung der Differenzierung zwischen Disziplin und Profession, auf die Suche nach möglichen Antworten. Vorgeschlagen wird eine erweiterte Betrachtungsweise, welche die Medienpädagogik als wissenschaftliche Produktionsgemeinschaft beschreibt und dadurch Potenziale eröffnet theoretische und empirische Erkenntnisse von Akteurinnen und Akteuren unterschiedlicher wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen mit Medienzusammenhang zu berücksichtigen. Ferner wird dargelegt, dass ein solcher Beschreibungsansatz neue Forschungsperspektiven auf die professionstheoretische Einordnung praktischer Handlungssysteme der Medienpädagogik eröffnen kann.

Digitale Medien in der Grundschule

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Birgit Eickelmann

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Mit der internationalen Grundschulleistungsstudie Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS 2011; vgl. Bos/Wendt/Köller/Selter 2012; Suchań/Wallner-Paschon/Bergmüller/Schreiner 2012 liegen aktuelle Daten zur schulischen und außerschulischen Nutzung digitaler Medien durch GrundschülerInnen sowie Lehrerdaten über den Einsatz von digitalen Medien in der Schule sowie im Fachunterricht in den Fächern Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften vor. Mit diesem Beitrag sollen die für die beteiligten Länder repräsentativen Daten genutzt werden, um Einblicke in die schulische und außerschulische Nutzung digitaler Medien durch Grundschulkinder am Ende der vierten Klasse zu geben. Dabei werden die Länder Deutschland und Österreich fokussiert und verglichen. Die Befunde werden theoretisch im Gesamtkontext der Medienpädagogik und vor dem Hintergrund der Qualitätsentwicklung von Schulsystemen im internationalen Vergleich diskutiert.With the international large-scale assessment study TIMSS 2011 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study; cf. Bos/Wendt/Köller/Selter 2012; Suchań/Wallner-Paschon/Bergmüller/Schreiner 2012 rich data concerning primary students’ and teachers’ use of computers is available. This data gives insights into the use of digital media both at school and in subject specific courses such as mathematics and science. With this contribution representative TIMSS-data is used to examine the role of new technologies at the end of Grade 4. In this process, a description and a comparison of the educational systems in Germany and in Austria will be focused. Findings will be discussed in the light of media education and the quality of school systems in the context of international developments.

Editorial 4/2014: Steuerung, Kontrolle, Disziplin. Medienpädagogische Perspektiven auf Medien und/der Überwachung

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Thomas Ballhausen

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Nicht zuletzt durch die Enthüllungen Edward Snowdens stellen sich den westlichen Demokratien Fragen der (digitalen Überwachung. Dabei wurden nicht nur Geheimdienste wie die NSA, sondern auch (globale Online-Dienste wie Google, Amazon oder Dropbox hinsichtlich der Debatten zum "gläsernen Menschen" eingehend diskutiert, um die Gefahren der gänzlichen Transparenz von BürgerInnen – aber auch Staaten – in den Blick zu nehmen. Damit erreichten die Diskussionen zur Souveränitäts-, Disziplinar- und Kontrollgesellschaft im Sinne Gilles Deleuzes und Michel Foucaults angesichts der neuen Medientechnologien auch eine breitere Öffentlichkeit, die sich am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts erneut Fragen zu den Themen Steuerung, Kontrolle und Disziplin stellen muss. Sichtet man dahingehend in historischer Absicht die Geschichte der (Medien-Pädagogik, so ist es bemerkenswert, dass sie spätestens am Beginn der 70er-Jahre durch die Übernahme kybernetischer und systemtheoretischer Modelle direkt am Paradigma dieser Steuerungswissenschaften beteiligt war. Norbert Wiener hatte als einer der Begründer der Kybernetik Kommunikation direkt mit Kontrolle verbunden, woraufhin Pädagogen wie Theodor Ballauff von einer "totalen Schule" sprachen und vielerorts der "programmierte Unterricht" diskutiert und umgesetzt wurde. Insofern stellte und stellt sich auch anhand der konkreten Unterrichtspraxis im Schul- und Klassenraum das medienpädagogische Problem der Medienpädagogik als Steuerung, Kontrolle und Disziplin.

Zur Entwicklung eines interaktiven Verfahrens der Sprachstandsermittlung bei mehrsprachig aufwachsenden Kindern – von der Idee zu ersten Umsetzungsschritten

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Jörg Roche et al.

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Dieser Beitrag skizziert ein Konzept zur Sprachstandsermittlung, das aufbauend auf Ergebnissen der gebrauchsbasierten Spracherwerbsforschung die sprachlichen Fähigkeiten von Vorschulkindern in quasi-natürlichen Gesprächssituationen misst. Den Maßstab bilden dabei die altersgemäßen Deutschkompetenzen monolingualer und bilingualer Kinder im Vorschulalter. Mit dem neuen Verfahren soll eine akkurate Bewertung der kommunikativen Kompetenzen der Kinder am Übergang zur Schule erfolgen, die eine systematische Benachteiligung mehrsprachig aufwachsender Kinder aufgrund von Vergleichen mit zielsprachlichen Erwachsenennormen vermeidet. Das neuartige Erhebungsverfahren wird dabei in Form einer digitalen Spielumgebung (App entwickelt, die eine Umsetzung der Prinzipien des handlungsorientierten Sprachenlernens erlaubt. This paper presents the implementation of a new concept of first and second language assessment for pre-school children between four and six years. The concept is theoretically grounded in usage-based linguistics. It assesses language in authentic communicative settings in a game based app. The settings provide the children with incentives to engage in communication. As a result, the assessment tool does not evaluate formal aspects of language. Instead it relies on functional categories for evaluation. Norms for evaluations are derived from longitudinal corpus studies of authentic child language production. The goal of the new approach is to generate an accurate and fair assessments of the children’s communicative capacities. Pilot studies indicate that children with L2 German appear to be more advanced than shown by traditional form-based assessment methods.

[Wenn die Aussage lautet:] Spielerisch Geschichte lernen? [bezieht sich das worauf?

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Tobias Winnerling

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Digitale Spiele mit historischem Hintergrund sind eine populärkulturelle Remedialisierungsform der Bezugnahme auf ‹Geschichte›, die in der Geschichtswissenschaft immer noch umstritten ist. Für die Frage, ob historisches Lernen anhand von Videospielen sinnvoll möglich sein kann, bedürfen zwei Punkte besonderer Aufmerksamkeit. Erstens müssen die Geschichtswissenschaften sich in der Auseinandersetzung mit digitalen Spielen vor pauschalen Urteilen hinsichtlich der Repräsentationslogiken ‹des Historischen› in diesem Medienformat hüten. Weder sind digitale Spiele hier prinzipiell andersartig als akademische Historiographie, noch können sie umstandslos an deren Massstäben gemessen werden. Zweitens muss eine präzise Definition sowohl des anzustrebenden didaktischen Nutzens eines Einsatzes von digitalen Spielen, als auch der Spielformate, die Möglichkeiten hierzu bieten können, erfolgen. Hierzu muss die Fokussierung der Debatte auf eine Dichotomie Blockbuster/Serious Games überwunden werden. Für einen Erfolg versprechenden didaktischen Einsatz von digitalen Spielen zur Geschichtsvermittlung müssen die Bezüge, die digitale Spiele auf den Referenzbereich ‹des Historischen› setzen, so gestaltet werden, dass sie über das Spiel hinausweisende Angebote machen, ohne ihre spielinterne Funktion zu destabilisieren.

Future of mammography-based imaging; Zukunft mammographiebasierter Bildgebung

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Schulz-Wendtland, R.; Brehm, B.; Meier-Meitinger, M.; Uder, M. [Klinikum der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Gynaekologische Radiologie, Radiologisches Institut, Erlangen (Germany); Wittenberg, T. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Integrierte Schaltkreise IIS, Erlangen (Germany); Michel, T.; Anton, G. [Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen (Germany); Hartmann, A. [Klinikum der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Institut fuer Pathologie, Erlangen (Germany); Beckmann, M.W.; Rauh, C.; Jud, S.M.; Fasching, P.A. [Klinikum der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Frauenklinik, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen (Germany)

2014-03-15

Mammography is the central diagnostic method for clinical diagnostics of breast cancer and the breast cancer screening program. In the clinical routine complementary methods, such as ultrasound, tomosynthesis and optional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are already combined for the diagnostic procedure. Future developments will utilize investigative procedures either as a hybrid (combination of several different imaging modalities in one instrument) or as a fusion method (the technical fusion of two or more of these methods) to implement fusion imaging into diagnostic algorithms. For screening there are reasonable hypotheses to aim for studies that individualize the diagnostic process within the screening procedure. Individual breast cancer risk prediction and individualized knowledge about sensitivity and specificity for certain diagnostic methods could be tested. The clinical implementation of these algorithms is not yet in sight. (orig.) [German] Die Mammographie ist die zentrale diagnostische Methode der klinischen symptombezogenen Abklaerung von Brusterkrankungen und des Brustkrebsscreenings. In der klinischen Diagnostik wird sie heute schon oft durch zusaetzliche Untersuchungsmethoden wie dem Ultraschall, der Tomosynthese und ggf. auch der MRT-Bildgebung unterstuetzt. Zukuenftige Entwicklungen gehen in die Richtung, dass diese Kombination aus 2 oder mehr Untersuchungsverfahren entweder in Hybrid- (Aufnahme mehrerer unterschiedlicher Bildmodalitaeten in einem einzigen Geraet) oder in Fusionsmethoden (Zusammenfuehrung und Registrierung von Bilddaten aus verschiedenen Modalitaeten) technisch professionalisiert werden. Des Weiteren koennten an subgruppenbezogene Erkrankungsrisiken und individuelle Sensitivitaeten und Spezifitaeten angepasste Diagnostikkombinationen fuer eine Screeningdiagnostik Gegenstand kuenftiger Studien sein. Wir stellen die aktuellen Entwicklungen auf diesen Gebieten und deren momentane Relevanz fuer die klinische Praxis und

Privatsphäre, gibt’s da nicht 'ne App für? - Verbesserung von Privatsphäre-relevantem Verhalten durch bessere Informationen

OpenAIRE

Gerber, Paul

2017-01-01

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem digitalen Alltag von Endanwendern und den damit verbundenen Implikationen für die individuelle Privatsphäre. Der digitale Alltag beschreibt dabei den alltäglichen Umgang mit dem Smartphone beziehungsweise digitalen Diensten im Allgemeinen und die dafür häufig notwendige Preisgabe persönlicher Daten. In diesem Kontext wird auch das sogenannte Privatsphären Paradoxon thematisiert, welches den scheinbaren Widerspruch zwischen der Einstellung zu Pri...

Microscopic observation of bulking sludge formation and measures to fight it in activated sludge systems; Mikroskopische Betrachtung der Blaehschlammbildung und Massnahmen zur Bekaempfung in Belebungsanlagen

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Heine, W.; Sekoulov, I.; Burkhardt, H.; Behrendt, J. [Technische Univ. Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg (Germany). Arbeitsbereich Abwasserwirtschaft

1999-07-01

The available results clearly show the suitability of digital microscopic image analysis for early detection of threatening bulking sludge events. Recognizing imminent bulking sludge events early on permits countering them effectively with simple and unspecific means. (orig.) [German] Die bisher erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen deutlich die Eignung der digitalen mikroskopischen Bildanalyse zur Frueherkennung drohender Blaehschlammereignisse. Wird ein drohendes Blaehschlammereignis fruehzeitig erkannt, so ist eine effektive Blaehschlammbekaempfung mit einfachen und unspezifischen Massnahmen moeglich. (orig.)

Vom Gewohnheitstier zur reflektierten Nutzung – Ein Diskussionsanstoß über Betriebssysteme und Programmnutzung nachzudenken

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Christian Berger

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Das Nutzungsverhalten bei digitalen Medien entspringt mehr der Gewohnheit als dem vorhandenen Angebot. Ein kleiner Einblick in die Philosophie und Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von Freier Software.

MR-imaging of the breast at 0.5 Tesla: menstrual-cycle dependency of parenchymal contrast enhancement in healthy volunteers with oral contraceptive use?; MR-Mammographie bei 0,5 Tesla: Menstruationszyklusabhaengigkeit der Kontrastmittelanreicherung unter hormoneller Kontrazeption?

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Lorenzen, J.; Welger, J.; Krupski, G.; Adam, G. [Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (Germany); Lisboa, B.W. [Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (Germany)

2003-04-01

Introduction: To evaluate changes of contrast medium enhancement of the breast parenchyma due to menstrual cycle in healthy volunteers with oral contraceptive use in MR-imaging of the breast. Material and Methods: 15 healthy volunteers (age: 22 - 36, mean 28,2) without breast disease were examined two times during one menstrual cycle (days 7 - 14 and days 21 - 2). Two volunteers were examined only in the second part of the cycle (days 21 - 2). All volunteers used oral contraceptives for more than 6 month continuously. Examinations were performed with a 0,5 T magnet (dynamic 3D-gradient echo protocol with subtraction postprocessing). We evaluated the number of enhancing foci and the parenchymal contrast medium enhancement during the different phases of the cycle by region of interest. Results: Only a total of two enhancing foci were found in 2 of 17 volunteers. Time/signal intensity diagrams in these both cases were not suspicious (< 80% initial signal increase after of contrast medium injection, no wash-out phenomenon) and sonography of the breast in these two cases was inconspicuous. Contrast medium enhancement of breast parenchyma in cycle days 7 - 14 (mean enhancement: 0.12 - 0.26, minutes 1 - 9 p.i.) was not significantly different (p = 0.2209; Wilcoxon signed rank test) from cycle days 21 - 2 (mean: 0.13 - 0.32). Conclusion: Menstrual cycle dependency of parenchymal contrast medium enhancement seems to be of minor relevance for premenopausal women with use of oral contraceptives. (orig.) [German] Fragestellung: Untersuchung der Kontrastmittelaufnahme des Brustparenchyms in Abhaengigkeit vom Menstruationszyklus bei gesunden Probandinnen unter oraler Kontrazeption. Material und Methode: Bei 15 gesunden Probandinnen ohne Brusterkrankung in der Anamnese wurde eine MR-Mammographie zweimal waehrend eines Menstruationszyklus durchgefuehrt (Zyklustag: 7 - 14 und 21 - 2). Bei zwei weiteren Probandinnen erfolgte die MR-Mammographie nur in der zweiten Zyklushaelfte

Radiology of the male breast. Radiologische Diagnostik der maennlichen Brustdruese. Mammographie, Sonographie, pathohistologische Korrelation

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Buchberger, W; Penz, T; Strasser, K [Innsbruck Univ. (Austria). Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik; Toetsch, M [Innsbruck Univ. (Austria). Inst. fuer Pathologische Anatomie

1991-09-01

61 men with breast enlargement underwent mammography; complementary sonography was performed in 34 cases. Diagnoses included gynaecomastia in 53 cases, pseudogynaecomastia in 9 cases, 3 carcinomas, 2 inflammatory lesions and 1 lipoma. Mammography and sonography can differentiate reliably true gynaecomastia from pseudogynaecomastia. Gynaecomastia and especially inflammatory lesions may not always be readily differentiated from carcinoma. Sonography can be helpful by demonstrating hyperreflexive glandular tissue, whereas carcinomas are usually hypoechoic. (orig./GDG).

Local recurrences after conservative surgery and irradiation for breast cancer: Diagnosis with mammography and ultrasound. Mammographie und Sonographie in der Rezidivdiagnostik nach brusterhaltender Therapie des Mammakarzinoms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buchberger, W; Hamberger, L; Schoen, G [Innsbruck Univ. (Austria). Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik; Steixner, G; Fritsch, E [Innsbruck Univ. (Austria). Universitaetsklinik fuer Strahlentherapie

1991-06-01

89 patients, who underwent conservative surgery for breast cancer were followed up with mammography and real-time sonography. 78 patients underwent postoperative irradiation. Depending on the time interval between irradiation and examination various alterations in mammographic and sonographic patterns were evident. Of 14 biospy-confirmed local recurrences, 11 were diagnosed by mammography and 12 by sonography. Combined use of mammography and sonography should therefore lead to better results in the diagnosis of local recurrences and to a reduction of unnecessary biopsies. (orig./GDG).

Von neuen Geschäftsideen zur gelebten Digitalisierung in Utility 4.0 - das Integrierte Geschäftsmodell

Science.gov (United States)

Doleski, Oliver D.

Die Energiewirtschaft benötigt neue, digitale Geschäftsmodelle. Gegenwärtig folgt auf Liberalisierung und Energiewende die nächste Stufe einer weitreichenden Bereinigung des Versorgungsmarktes. Digitalisierung und Dezentralisierung sind heute in aller Munde und verlangen nach neuen Produkten und Dienstleistungen. Dabei wirken die immensen Herausforderungen einer digitalen Energiewelt wie Beschleuniger für die Transformation im Versorgungssektor und tragen damit zur breiten Etablierung von Utilities 4.0 bei. Dieser Entwicklungsprozess vollzieht sich mithilfe unterschiedlicher Methoden zur Realisierung neuer Geschäftsideen. Allerdings greifen die gängigen Konzepte zur Entwicklung von Geschäftsmodellen gerade im Hinblick auf die Berücksichtigung komplexer, unbeständiger Rahmenbedingungen und spezifischer Anforderungen der digitalen Energiewelt mitunter zu kurz. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird das auf dem ganzheitlichen St. Galler Management-Konzept beruhende Integrierte Geschäftsmodell iOcTen als geeignetes Instrumentarium zur Geschäftsmodellentwicklung vorgestellt. Neben der Modellbeschreibung unterstützt ein intuitiv verständlicher Leitfaden den Praktiker bei der Transformation vom klassischen Versorgungsunternehmen zum digitalen Energiedienstleistungsunternehmen.

Konversion des kulturellen Erbes für die Forschung: Volltextbeschaffung und -bereitstellung als Aufgabe der Bibliotheken

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas Stäcker

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Mit der Transformation des gedruckten Buch zum elektronischen Text verändern sich zentrale Rahmenbedingungen der Bibliothek. Die theoretischen Grundlagen des ‚Buches‘ müssen unter dem Gesichtspunkt des Digitalen neu durchdacht und auf ihre praktischen Konsequenzen hin geprüft werden. Vor allem die Transitivität, spezifische Schriftlichkeit und Prozessierbarkeit elektronischer Texte sind Eigenschaften, die Konsequenzen für eine ganze Reihe bibliothekarischer Kernaufgaben haben. Mit Blick auf das kulturelle Erbe, das in Bibliotheken verwahrt wird, stellt sich die Aufgabe, auf diesen Paradigmenwechsel angemessen zu reagieren und Sorge dafür zu tragen, dass das schriftliche und gedruckte Kulturgut auch in einer adäquaten maschinenlesbaren Form zur Verfügung steht. Nach gut 10 Jahren erfolgreicher Imagedigitalisierung muss daher jetzt, nach der Entwicklung entsprechender Techniken der nächste Schritt zur Herstellung, Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung von Volltext getan werden, um neuen, sich aus der digitalen Wende ergebenden Forschungsanforderungen und Forschungsfragen, die sich mit Begriffen wie Stilometrie, Clusteranalyse, Topic Modeling etc. verbinden, zu genügen. Den Bibliotheken wächst vor diesem Hintergrund in der Transformation des schriftlichen Kulturgutes und Bereitstellung von Volltexten eine neue Aufgabe zu. Sie können darin einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Aufbau einer Infrastruktur für eine digital arbeitende Geistes- und Kultwissenschaft bzw. die Digital Humanities leisten. The transformation of the book into an electronic text has led to constitutive changes in the functional frameworks of the library. Basic concepts of the notion of the ‘book’ have to be reconsidered and to be evaluated in view of the practical consequences. Above all, the transitivity of such texts, the specific mode of writing employed, and their ability to be processed are aspects that have considerable impact on several core tasks of the library. In

Vergleich zwischen konventionellen und digitalen Abformungen präparierter Zähne : eine in-vivo Studie

OpenAIRE

Bosniac, Patricia Alessandra

2016-01-01

Das Ziel dieser in-vivo Studie war es, die marginale Diskrepanz von Zirkoniumoxid-Käppchen, die mithilfe zwei direkter und einer indirekten digitalen Abformmethode hergestellt wurden, miteinander zu vergleichen. Insgesamt wurden bei 23 Patienten 63 Zähne zur Aufnahme einer Kronenrestauration präpariert und nachfolgend intraoral digitalisiert sowie konventionell abgeformt. Hierfür wurden die zwei Intraoralscanner CEREC AC Omnicam und Cara TRIOS verwendet. Die konventionelle Abformung wurde ...

Erkundungen im Spannungsfeld von Pädagogik, Spielspass und technischer Machbarkeit. Gedanken zur Konzeption und Entwicklung spielbasierter digitaler Lernumgebung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florian Berger

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Computerspiele sind heute aus der digitalen Medienwelt nicht mehr wegzudenken. Ihre rasante technische Entwicklung sowie ihre hohe Akzeptanz in der Jugendkultur werfen Fragen nach pädagogischer Verwertbarkeit dieses Mediums auf. Auf diesem Gebiet besteht Forschungsbedarf: Für den Einsatz aktueller Spielkonzepte als Lehrmittel existieren keine fundierten Theorien oder Konzepte. Der schöpferische Umgang mit Spielen durch Anwender («Emergent Gameplay» bietet hier durch sein hohes Motivationspotential einen vielversprechenden Ansatz. Die oft wenig beachtete Rolle der digitalen Spielen zugrunde liegenden Softwaretechnik sollte stärkere Berücksichtigung finden: Es existiert einerseits ein für die Akzeptanz beim Anwender notwendiges Minimum, andererseits ist der Einsatz des aktuellen technischen «state of the art» für die Umsetzung pädagogischer und didaktischer Ambitionen durch seine enormen Anforderungen wenig zielführend. Im Ergebnis sind Idee und Spielspass das Mass auch für Anwendungen des Game Based Learn­ing.

Wie "zukunftsreich" ist das neue Lehramtsstudium? Bestandsaufnahme zu Medienbildung und digitalen Kompetenzen in den Curriculaentwürfen der Sekundarstufe der PädagogInnenbildung_NEU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Klaus Himpsl-Gutermann

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Durch die PädagogInnenbildung_NEU eröffnet sich derzeit die Chance, österreichweit in vier Verbundregionen in Kooperation zwischen Universitäten und Pädagogischen Hochschulen die Lehramtsausbildung für alle Schulstufen und Schultypen zukunftsweisend zu reformieren. Zu den Ansprüchen an das neue Studium gehört auch, dass es künftige LehrerInnen an die Schulen entsendet, die neben ihrer fachlichen Expertise mit aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen und Entwicklungen adäquat umgehen können. Die rasant voranschreitende Technologisierung und Digitalisierung unserer Gesellschaft gehört zweifelsohne zu diesen Herausforderungen. Die E-Learning-Strategiegruppe der österreichischen Pädagogischen Hochschulen (PHELS hat deshalb die aktuell vorliegenden Curricula und Curriculaentwürfe der Sekundarstufe Allgemeinbildung in den vier Verbundregionen einer kritischen Analyse hinsichtlich Medienbildung und digitaler Kompetenzen unterzogen − mit einem ernüchternden bis verheerenden Ergebnis: Es scheint nicht nur die historische Chance vertan, Medienbildung systematisch in der LehrerInnenausbildung und damit in den Schulen zu verankern, sondern durch die fehlende informatische Grundbildung laufen künftige Generationen auch Gefahr, auf zunehmend digitalisierten Arbeitsmärkten den internationalen Anschluss zu verlieren.

Quality Imaging - Comparison of CR Mammography with Screen-Film Mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaona, E.; Azorin Nieto, J.; Iran Diaz Gongora, J. A.; Arreola, M.; Casian Castellanos, G.; Perdigon Castaneda, G. M.; Franco Enriquez, J. G.

2006-01-01

The aim of this work is a quality imaging comparison of CR mammography images printed to film by a laser printer with screen-film mammography. A Giotto and Elscintec dedicated mammography units with fully automatic exposure and a nominal large focal spot size of 0.3 mm were used for the image acquisition of phantoms in screen-film mammography. Four CR mammography units from two different manufacturers and three dedicated x-ray mammography units with fully automatic exposure and a nominal large focal spot size of 0.3 mm were used for the image acquisition of phantoms in CR mammography. The tests quality image included an assessment of system resolution, scoring phantom images, Artifacts, mean optical density and density difference (contrast). In this study, screen-film mammography with a quality control program offers a significantly greater level of quality image relative to CR mammography images printed on film

Bavarian mammography screening program; Bayerisches Mammographiescreening (BMS)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Willgeroth, F. [Lenkungsausschuss BMS (Germany); Universitaetsfrauenklinik Innenstadt, Muenchen (Germany); Baumann, M.; Blaser, D.; Froschauer, S.; Kaeaeb, V.; Stich, V.; Thomaschewski, S.; Walter, D. [Kassenaerztliche Vereinigung Bayern (Germany); Crispin, A. [Klinikum Grosshadern der LMU Muenchen, Institut fuer Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung (Germany); Waal, J. de; Heywang-Koebrunner, S.; Rothe, R. [Lenkungsausschuss BMS (Germany); Hoelzel, D. [Lenkungsausschuss BMS (Germany); Klinikum Grosshadern der LMU Muenchen, Institut fuer Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung (Germany)

2005-03-01

In Bavaria since the 1st April 2003 we have been conducting a high quality mammography-screening carried out in individual practises (BMS). We have used the European and the S 3 guidelines. The best diagnosis is an early diagnosis of the breast carcinoma to save human life. Because of this and the high mortality rate due to this disease it is essential to have a mammogram screening program. There is no single one ideal way of constructing a screening program, it is always based on compromise within the particular health care-systems. Arising problems cannot be avoided, it is only possible when all parties work closely together that the BMS works properly. (orig.) [German] In Bayern laeuft seit dem 01.04.2003 ein qualitaetsgesichertes, flaechendeckendes Mammographiescreening mit dezentralem Charakter (BMS). Zugrunde liegen die Empfehlungen der European Guidelines sowie der S-3-Leitlinie. Die Vorverlegung der Diagnostik ist beim Mammakarzinom bis heute die effektivste Moeglichkeit, um das Leben von Frauen zu retten, die an diesem Krebs erkrankt sind. Daraus und aufgrund der hohen Mortalitaetsrate dieser Erkrankung leitet sich die Notwendigkeit eines Screeningprogramms ab. Dessen Aufbau kann unterschiedlich sein, denbesten Weg gibt es nicht; es wird sich immer eine Kompromissloesung ergeben, die sehr stark vom jeweiligen Gesundheitssystem beeinflusst wird. Auftretende Probleme sind vielschichtig. Nur durch gemeinsame Anstrengungen aller Beteiligten liess sich das Bayerische Mammographiescreening installieren. (orig.)

Auf dem Weg zur Digitalen Bibliothek

OpenAIRE

Degkwitz, Andreas; Frank, Nina; Hendrix, Imma; Pfeifenberger, Regina; Tollkühn, Katharina

2013-01-01

Nichts hat den Lebensalltag in den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren mehr verändert als das Internet, das uns mit Handys, Laptops, Net- und Notebooks, Smartphones und Tablet-PCs allgegenwärtig begleitet. Das iPhone bietet den permanenten Zugang zu weltweit verfügbarer Information in der Westentasche und hat damit einen völlig neuen Umgang mit Interaktion und Informationsrecherche herbeigeführt. Der tief greifende Wandel hat sich massiv auf die Weiterentwicklung der Serviceprofile wissenschaftl...

Digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bick, Ulrich; Diekmann, Felix

2010-01-01

This state-of-the-art reference book provides in-depth coverage of all aspects of digital mammography, including detector technology, image processing, computer-aided diagnosis, soft-copy reading, digital workflow, and PACS. Specific advantages and disadvantages of digital mammography in comparison to screen-film mammography are thoroughly discussed. By including authors from both North America and Europe, the book is able to outline variations in the use, acceptance, and quality assurance of digital mammography between the different countries and screening programs. Advanced imaging techniques and future developments such as contrast mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis are also covered in detail. All of the chapters are written by internationally recognized experts and contain numerous high-quality illustrations. This book will be of great interest both to clinicians who already use or are transitioning to digital mammography and to basic scientists working in the field. (orig.)

Digital building management. Computer-supported operation from design, administration and maintenance to documentation and application; Digitales Gebaeude-Management. EDV-gestuetzte Betriebsfuehrung von der Zeichnung, Administration und Instandhaltung bis zur Dokumentation und Archivierung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuerdt, K. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 5 of the anthology about building control the digital building management with respect to computerised operation is described. The following aspects are discussed: the change caused by C-technologies, effective operation, digital cost transparency, data processing level, documentation by precise computer, target models, expenditure/use analysis. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 5 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem digitalen Gebaeude-Management im Sinne einer EDV-gestuetzten Betriebsfuehrung gewidmet. Folgende Themen werden angesprochen: Der Wandel durch die C-Technologien; Effektive Betriebsfuehrung; Digitale Kostentransparenz; EDV-Ebenen; Dokumentation mit Computer-Praezision; Zielmodelle; Aufwand/Nutzen-Analyse. (BWI)

Macromolecular contrast media. A new approach for characterising breast tumors with MR-mammography; Makromolekulare Kontrastmittel fuer die MR-Mammographie. Ein neuer Ansatz fuer die Charakterisierung von Mammatumoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Daldrup, H.E. [Contrast Media Lab., Dept. of Radiology, California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States)]|[Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie; Roberts, T.P.L.; Roberts, H.C. [Contrast Media Lab., Dept. of Radiology, California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States)]|[Mainz Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Radiologie; Muehler, A. [Contrast Media Lab., Dept. of Radiology, California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States)]|[Berlex Laboratories, Wayne, NJ (United States); Gossmann, A. [Contrast Media Lab., Dept. of Radiology, California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States)]|[Koeln Univ. (Germany). Inst. und Poliklinik fuer Radiologische Diagnostik; Wendland, M.; Brasch, R.C. [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie; Rosenau, W. [California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States). Dept. of Pathology

1997-09-01

The value of macromolecular contrast agents (MMCM) for the characterization of benign and malignant breast tumors will be demonstrated in this review. Animal studies suggest a high potential of MMCM to increase the specificity of MR-mammography. The concept of tumor differentiation is based on the pathological hyperpermeability of microvessels in malignant tumors. MMCM show a leak into the interstitium of carcinomas, whereas they are confined to the intravascular space in benign tumors. Capabilities and limitations of the MMCM-prototype. Albumin-Gd-DTPA, for breast tumor characterization will be summarized and compared to the standard low molecular weight contrast agent Gd-DTPA. Initial experience with new MMCM, such as Dendrimers, Gd-DTPA-Polylysine and MS-325 will be outlined. The potential of `blood-pool`-iron oxides, such as AMI-227 for the evaluation of tumor microvascular permeabilities will be discussed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Diese Uebersicht stellt den Stellenwert makromolekularer Kontrastmittel (MMKM) fuer die MR-tomographische Charakterisierung von benignen und malignen Mammatumoren dar. Aufgrund experimenteller Studien lassen MMKM eine signifikante Verbesserung der Spezifitaet der dynamischen kontrastmittelunterstuetzten MR-Mammographie erwarten. Das differentialdiagnostische Konzept beruht auf der pathologischen Hyperpermeabilitaet von Kapillaren in Karzinomen, die einen MMKM-Austritt in das Tumorinterstitium bedingt, waehrend die intakten Kapillaren benigner Tumoren nicht permeabel fuer MMKM sind. Diagnostische Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen des MMKM-Prototyps, Albumin-Gd-DTPA (92 kD), werden dargestellt und mit dem niedermolekularen Standard-Kontrastmittel Gd-DTPA (500 D) verglichen. Erste Erfahrungen mit neuen, fuer die klinische Anwendung optimierten MMKM-Praeparaten, wie das Kaskadenpolymer, Gd-DTPA-Polylysine und das MS-325 werden vorgestellt. Das Potential von Blood-pool-Eisenoxidpraeparaten, z.B. AMI-227, fuer die Bestimmung von

Standortbasierte Online-Informationen vermitteln: cUBe, ein Projekt der Universitätsbibliothek Bern

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reto List

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Die Transformation der Bibliotheksangebote schreitet immer weiter voran. In vielen Bibliotheken wird der sichtbare Buchbestand mehr und mehr von Arbeitsplätzen und Gruppenräumen verdrängt, Bibliotheken unterliegen zunehmend Neudefinitionen unter dem Label von Lern- und Begegnungsorten. Daneben nimmt die Bedeutung von elektronischen Medienangeboten und webbasierten Dienstleistungen laufend zu. Gleichzeitig ist das umfangreiche elektronische Angebot, welches Bibliotheken teuer lizensieren oder kaufen, oft nicht in aller Breite und zielgruppenbezogen bekannt und erfährt keine adäquate Nutzung. Mit dem Projekt cUBe wurde in der im Frühsommer 2016 nach umfangreicher Sanierung neu eröffneten Bibliothek Münstergasse der Universitätsbibliothek Bern der Versuch unternommen, die reichhaltigen digitalen Nachweise und Bestände für das Bibliothekspublikum sichtbarer, besser zugänglich und damit bekannter zu machen. Dabei wurde auf Basis der neuen Technologien des physischen Webs die standortbasierte Verbindung von OnlineInformationen (Katalog, E-Medien, sonstige digitale Angebote mit den entsprechenden Räumen der Bibliothek und den vor Ort noch verfügbaren Beständen realisiert. The transformation of library services is constantly proceeding. In many libraries, print collections are replaced by space designated to learning. Increasingly, our libraries are defined by labels like learning or meeting space. In addition, the importance of electronic collections and web-based services is constantly growing. However, this extensive and expensive electronic material licenced or bought by libraries is often neither known in detail and to all target groups nor used appropriately. The project cUBe was launched in late spring 2016 after an extensive renovation of the newly opened Münstergasse Library. cUBe aims at improving visibility, access and publicity of the library’s comprehensive digital references and collections for its users. On the basis of

Ultrasonic mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hueneke, B.

1982-01-01

608 women are examined by means of ultrasonic mammography during the period of 1 year. 432 patients were examined with the compound method with the U.I. Octoson, a water tank scanner, and 176 patients with the real time method with a directly connected linear-array-scanner. The following results were obtained at the end of the examination period: In the ultrasonic and also in the X-ray mammogram tumour diameters can be determined with an error rate of +- 30%. In the diagnosing of carcinomas, a significant dependence of the exactness on the sice of the tumour is found for the combination of the five methods tested (clinical examination, X-ray mammography, ultrasonic mammography, thermography, cytology). Classifying the individual methods with regard to their exactness, X-ray mammography ranks in front of ultrasonic mammography. Mastopathic changes in the breast can be screened by means of ultrasonic mammography. The structure of the changes can be determined more exactly than with an X-ray picture which is due to the possibility of differentiating solid and cystic structures. In diagnosing fibro-adenomas and establishing diagnoses on young women with dense gland bodies, ultrasonic mammography is superior to radiology both in the ability of screening a finding of a fibro-adenoma (US=88%, X-ray=75%) and in the possibility of classifying it as ''more benign than malignant''. (orig./MG) [de

Grundbildung Medien als Teil erwachsenenpädagogischer Professionalitätsentwicklung. Überlegungen zur medienpädagogischen Professionalisierung angehender Erwachsenenbildnerinnen und Erwachsenenbildner

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franziska Bellinger

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Der Beitrag nimmt den Umstand zum Ausgangspunkt, dass die Erwachsenenbildung sich sowohl mit der Herausforderung konfrontiert sieht Erwachsenenbildnerinnen und Erwachsenenbildner bei der Aneignung von medienpädagogisch kompetentem Handeln zu unterstützen, als auch zur Vermittlung medienbezogener Kompetenzen zu befähigen (Schmidt-Hertha et al. 2017, 36. Die Ubiquität von (digitalen Medien in menschlichen Lebenswelten bedarf dabei keiner besonderen Betonung mehr. Medien sind Teil der Lebenswelt von Erwachsenen und in der Folge zu einem Verantwortungsbereich der Erwachsenenbildung avanciert. Die Befähigung erwachsener Menschen zur Teilhabe an der digitalen Welt kann als Kernaufgabe unter den Bedingungen von Digitalisierung gesehen werden, was voraussetzt, dass professionell tätige Erwachsenenbildnerinnen und Erwachsenenbildner Veränderungsprozesse, die mit dem Phänomen einhergehen, in den Tätigkeits- und Handlungsfeldern aktiv mitgestalten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der professionstheoretische Diskurs in der Erwachsenenbildung als Hintergrundfolie aufgegriffen, um Herausforderungen und Chancen für die medienpädagogische Professionalitätsentwicklung für die Erwachsenenbildung zu skizzieren. Professionalitätsentwicklung wird dabei als lebenslanger Prozess verstanden, der in einem akademischen Studium mit entsprechendem Schwerpunkt angestossen und in der späteren Berufspraxis weiter geformt wird. Es wird ferner ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, der inhaltliche und thematische Dimensionen einer medienpädagogischen Grundbildung für die Erwachsenenbildung skizziert. Deren Integration in Studiengängen der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Teildisziplin erscheint lohnenswert im Hinblick auf die Professionalisierung angehender Erwachsenenbildnerinnen und Erwachsenenbildner.

Screen-film mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Logan, W.W.; Janus, J.A.

1987-01-01

The development of screen-film mammography has resulted in the re-emergence of confidence, rather than fear, in mammography. When screen-film mammography is performed with state-of-the-art dedicated equipment utilizing vigorous breast compression and a ''soft'' x-ray beam for improved contrast, screen-film images are equivalent or superior to those of reduced-dose xeromammography and superior to those of nonscreen film mammography. Technological aids for conversion from xeromammographic or nonscreen film mammographic techniques to screen-film techniques have been described. Screen-film mammography should not be attempted until dedicated equipment has been obtained and the importance of vigorous compression has been understood

Validity of the breast imaging reporting and data system BI-RADS{sup TM} for clinical mammography in men; Anwendbarkeit des Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS{sup TM}) auf die klinische Mammographie des Mannes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bock, K.; Duda, V.F.; Bonwetsch, C.; Hadji, P.; Schulz, K.D. [Marburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Gynaekologie, Gynaekologische Endokrinologie und Onkologie; Iwinska-Zelder, J.; Klose, K.J. [Marburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Diagnostische Radiologie; Rode, G. [Diagnostische Gemeinschaftspraxis Marburg (Germany)

2001-11-01

Aim: The implementation of diagnostic standards enhances quality assurance. The American College of Radiology's breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS{sup TM}) is intended to standardize terminology in the mammography report, the assessment of the findings, and the recommendation af action to be taken. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of the standardized system for clinically apparent male breast tumors. Do the special male anatomy and physiology limit the applicability of an evaluation system designed for female screening mammograms? Methods: 4 investigators with different degrees of experience retrospectively evaluated 160 male mammograms. Our study was based on the 36 cases which could be correlated to histopathological findings: gynecomastia in the majority of cases, but also 4 invasive ductal carcinoma, 1 leiomyosarcoma and 1 ductal carcinoma in situ. Results: Assessment of the mammograms by BI-RADS{sup TM} (3{sup rd} Edition 1998) correctly placed all cases of malignancy into categories 4 and 5 without respect to the investigators's level of experience. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that the BI-RADS{sup TM}-classification can successfully be used to classify male mammograms with a high positive predictive value for malignancy. Knowledge of gender-specific imaging characteristics increases the specificity at a constant high level of sensitivity. (orig.) [German] Ziel: In der apparativen Diagnostik dient die Einfuehrung von Standards der Qualitaetssicherung. Das breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS{sup TM}) des American College of Radiology standardisiert den Sprachgebrauch in der Befundbeschreibung, die Befundbewertung und die resultierenden Empfehlungen in der Mammographie. Unser Interesse galt der Frage, inwieweit dieses System der Kategorisierung von Screening-Mammographien der Frau uebertragbar ist auf klinische Mammographien des Mannes. Begrenzen Anatomie und Physiologie der maennlichen Brustdruese

Internal leakage detection in control valves; Detektion der inneren Leckage von Stellgeraeten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kiesbauer, J. [SAMSON AG, Mess- und Regeltechnik, Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Entwicklungspruefstand; Hoffmann, H. [SAMSON AG, Mess- und Regeltechnik, Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Bereich Entwicklung

2000-07-01

Digital positioners offer a number of interesting features regarding improved process plant reliability and maintenance or servicing. This can provide the basis for using software tools for early fault diagnosis and performance visualization of control valves with extended functions, such as archiving the control valve's condition when new. It can be subjected to trend analyses as well as to preventative maintenance and servicing while in operation. Up to now, such systems cannot reliably predict the possible increase in internal leakage. Predictions can only be made about a possible change in the actuator's closing force and the zero point when the valve is closed. This article introduces a new and cost-effective leakage detector for control valves in combination with the binary input of a digital positioner which can signal the increase in internal leakage in the throttling area (e.g. caused by wear on the throttling element) of a control valve, if the valve is closed during operation. (orig.) [German] Digitale Stellungsregler bieten eine Reihe von interessanten Moeglichkeiten im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung der Prozesszuverlaessigkeit und der Wartung bzw. Instandhaltung. Auf dieser Basis koennen Softwaretools zur Fehlerfrueherkennung und zur Performance-Visualisierung bei Stellgeraeten mit weitergehender Funktionalitaet eingesetzt werden. Diese unterstuetzen z.B. die Archivierung des Neuzustandes des Stellgeraetes sowie die vorbeugende Wartung und Instandhaltung im laufenden Prozess bis hin zu Trendanalysen. Solche Systeme koennen bisher allerdings noch keine zuverlaessigen Aussagen ueber die eventuelle Zunahme der inneren Leckage machen. Aussagen sind nur moeglich ueber eventuelle Veraenderungen der Antriebsschliesskraft und des Nullpunktes bei geschlossenem Ventil. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen neuartigen kostenguenstigen Leckagedetektor fuer Stellgeraete in Kombination mit dem Binaereingang eines digitalen Stellungsreglers vor, welcher die erhoehte

Die Digitale Bibliothek der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Beucke

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Die Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (AdWG und die niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen (SUB haben ihre bestehende Kooperation zum Webportal der AdWG intensiviert, das einen Überblick über die Aktivitäten der Göttinger Akademie und umfangreiche Information zu den zahlreichen Langzeitvorhaben bietet und die digitalen Publikationen präsentiert. Zentraler Bestandteil des Webportals ist die Digitale Bibliothek der AdWG, für die im Rahmen der Kooperation neue Präsentationsformen für die Forschungsdaten aus den Akademie-Vorhaben konzipiert und entwickelt wurden. Ein Beispiel für die Umsetzung neuer Präsentationsformen im Portal ist das Edfu-Projekt, dessen Ziel eine Gesamtübersetzung aller Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu in Oberägypten ist. Hinzugezogen werden dazu alle internen, greifbaren, in den Schriften enthaltenen Parallelen, auf die online über das Webportal zugegriffen werden kann. Zerstörte Bereiche lassen sich dadurch oftmals ebenso ergänzen, wie zunächst unverständliche Textpassagen mit Sinn versehen werden können. Nicht nur die bereits vorübersetzten Texte sind auf diese Weise abrufbar, sondern darüber hinaus zahlreiche zusätzliche Materialien, wie z.B. das Fotoarchiv mit seinen mehr als 20.000 Bildern. Die Vernetzung all dieser Daten schafft einen für die Wissenschaft ungewöhnlich tiefen Einblick in die Planung und Konzeption eines altägyptischen Tempels, seiner religiösen Hintergründe und historischen Zusammenhänge. The Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AdWG and the Göttingen State and University Library (SUB have intensified their existing cooperation on the web portal of the AdWG. The portal provides an overview of the activities of the Göttingen Academy as well as extensive information on its numerous long-term projects. It also presents the academy’s digital publications. A crucial part of the web portal is the Digital Library of the AdWG. Within the

Tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced digital mammography: recent advances in digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diekmann, Felix; Bick, Ulrich

2007-01-01

Digital mammography is more and more replacing conventional mammography. Initial concerns about an inferior image quality of digital mammography have been largely overcome and recent studies even show digital mammography to be superior in women with dense breasts, while at the same time reducing radiation exposure. Nevertheless, an important limitation of digital mammography remains: namely, the fact that summation may obscure lesions in dense breast tissue. However, digital mammography offers the option of so-called advanced applications, and two of these, contrast-enhanced mammography and tomosynthesis, are promising candidates for improving the detection of breast lesions otherwise obscured by the summation of dense tissue. Two techniques of contrast-enhanced mammography are available: temporal subtraction of images acquired before and after contrast administration and the so-called dual-energy technique, which means that pairs of low/high-energy images acquired after contrast administration are subtracted. Tomosynthesis on the other hand provides three-dimensional information on the breast. The images are acquired with different angulations of the X-ray tube while the object or detector is static. Various reconstruction algorithms can then be applied to the set of typically nine to 28 source images to reconstruct 1-mm slices with a reduced risk of obscuring pathology. Combinations of both advanced applications have only been investigated in individual experimental studies; more advanced software algorithms and CAD systems are still in their infancy and have only undergone preliminary clinical evaluation. (orig.)

Kaufst du noch oder streamst du schon?

OpenAIRE

Liese, Christin

2017-01-01

Die Zeiten der Plattensammlung sind vorbei, Kassetten und CDs sind der MP3-Datei gewichen und nun wird Musik ausschließlich gestreamt. Dieses Zukunftsszenario ist bis dato noch nicht eingetreten, aber wird dies überhaupt passieren? Wird der Kauf von physischen Musikdatenträgern und digitalen Musikdateien dank der immer stärker ansteigenden Streaming Aktivitäten komplett eingestellt? Oder können beide Formen nebeneinander existieren? Um diesen Fragen auf den Grund zu gehen, wurde im Rahmen die...

Automatisierung im Zuge des digitalen Wandels von Benutzungsservices: das neue Lern- und Studiengebäude (LSG und die Verbesserungen der Studien- und Lernbedingungen am Campus-Nord der Universität Göttingen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kerstin Helmkamp

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Im Zuge der Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche im 21. Jahrhundert, die sich auch im Bibliotheksbereich niederschlägt, gewinnt die Automatisierung von Arbeitsabläufen durch Softwareeinsatz eine ganze neue Bedeutung. Die zunehmende Vernetzung sowie webbasierte und für mobile Endgeräte optimierte Services eröffnen neue Nutzungsszenarien, die über das Vorhandene weit hinausgehen, und von Politik und Wirtschaft unter der Überschrift „Wirtschaft 4.0“ längst intensiv rezipiert werden. Am Beispiel des neuen Lern- und Studiengebäudes (LSG und der Verbesserungen der Studien- und Lernbedingungen am Campus-Nord der Universität Göttingen wird gezeigt, wie sich die Benutzungsservices für Studierende in den letzten Jahren einschneidend verändert haben und zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Lern- und Studienbedingungen auf dem Göttinger Campus geführt haben. Eine zentrale Voraussetzung dabei war die frühzeitige Partizipation der zukünftigen Nutzer/innen sowie eine konsequent bedarfsorientierte Planung. As all areas of life become more and more digitized in the 21st century, which can also be seen in the library landscape, the automation of workflows by means of software gains a whole new meaning. Increased networking as well as services which are web-based and optimized for mobile devices open up new usage scenarios which go far beyond what is presently common. In the context of “Economy 4.0”, these developments have long received the close attention of both the political and the economic sector. Using the example of the new Learning and Study Building (LSG and the redevelopment of the North Campus of the University of Göttingen, the article shows how this general trend has been translated into specific user services for students, substantially changing these services and leading to a significant improvement in the learning and study conditions on the Göttingen campus. A key prerequisite in this process were the early

Klinische Studie zur Messung der Dimensionsstabilität von digitalen Ganzkieferabformungen und die Entwicklung einer neuen Messmethode

OpenAIRE

Kuhr, Fabian

2016-01-01

Digitale Abformungen mit intraoralen Scannern haben klinisch bereits bewiesen, dass sie einzelne Zähne detail- und dimensionsgenau aufnehmen und in dieser Hinsicht eine Alternative zur konventionellen zahnärztlichen Abformung bieten können. Ob dies klinisch auch mit dem Scannen gesamter Zahnreihen möglich ist, wurde bislang nicht untersucht. Sowohl für konventionelle wie auch für digitale Abformungen gibt es keine In-vivo-Studie, die eine Methode zur Überprüfung der dimensionsgetreuen Übertra...

Auf dem Weg zur digitalen Fakultät - moderne IT Infrastruktur am Beispiel des Physik-Departments der TU München

Science.gov (United States)

Homolka, Josef

Der Geschäftsbetrieb einer Universität ist durch zunehmende Digitalisierung und Nutzung elektronischer Medien gekennzeichnet. Die Einführung immer leistungsfähigerer zentraler IT-Systeme führt zu einer komplexen Vielfalt heterogener Benutzer- und Administrationsschnittstellen. Zur Schaffung einer umfassenden benutzerfreundlichen und nahtlosen IT-Infrastruktur ist die Beteiligung aller organisatorischen Einheiten und Ebenen erforderlich. Am Physik-Departement der Technischen Universität München wurden unter Integration eigener Ressourcen mit zentralen Ressourcen, die im Rahmen des IntegraTUM Projektes entwickelt und bereitgestellt wurden, existierende Dienste weiterentwickelt und neue Angebote aufgebaut. Das System, bestehend aus den Komponenten Netzwerk, Arbeitsplatzrechner, Serverinfrastruktur, E-Mail-Service, WWWDienst, Datenhaltung und Software wurde für die Nutzerkreise Studenten und Mitarbeiter im Hinblick auf Anwenderfreundlichkeit und nahtlosen Zugriff optimiert.

Radiological and surgical management of nonpalpable breast leasions; Radiologisches und chirurgisches Management der nichtpalpablen Mammalaesion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leinung, S.; Wuerl, P.; Preusse, C.; Boerner, P.; Schoenfelder, M. [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Chirurgische Klinik; Schneider, J.P.; Schmidt, F. [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Diagnostische Radiologie; Guetz, U. [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Pathologie

2000-06-01

In this retrospective study the results of surgical biopsy of suspected breast cancer in 319 outpatients are reported. In 113 cases (35.4%) the lesion was palpable, in 206 cases (64.6%) it was not. Concerning the nonpalpable lesions, mammography was performed in 98 patients (47.6%) for work-up of fibrocystic changes, in 41 patients (19.9%) for initial participation in a breast cancer prevention program, and in 33 patients (16.0%) for surveillance after breast conservation therapy. Prior to operation, 84.0% (n=173) of the nonpalpable lesions were detected by mammography, 11.2% (n=23) by sonography, and 4.8% (n=10) by magnetic resonance imaging. Intra-operative specimen mammography was carried out in every case detected by mammography. In 19.4% (n=40) of 206 nonpalpable lesions a malignant tumor was found. Twenty-five percent (n=10) of all marked tumors were diagnosed and treated as in-situ stage tumors, while 65% (n=26) were diagnosed and treated as tumors in the pT1 stage. As regards the nodal stage, 85% (n=34) of the tumors were diagnosed and treated as pN0 tumors, and 100% (n=40) were found to be free from any distant metastases. Consequently, for improving prognosis and, at the same time, for reducing the rate of breast amputations as a means of curative therapy of breast cancer, regular screening in defined risk groups is necessary. Surgical treatment of patients with small and nonpalpable findings should be reserved for departments with marking and quick-freezing facilities. (orig.) [German] Hintergrund: Vorgestellt wird eine retrospektive Studie an 319 Patientinnen, die wegen einer karzinomverdaechtigen Mammalaesion in 3 Jahren an unserer Klinik ambulant operiert wurden. Patientinnen: In 113 Faellen (35,4%) lag ein palpabler und in 206 Faellen (64,6%) ein nichtpalpabler Befund vor. Die Stellung der Indikation zur Mammographie ergab sich bei Patientinnen ohne Tastbefund bei 98 Patientinnen (47,6%) aus der Kontrolle einer Mastopathie, bei 41 Patientinnen (19

Standards retrodigitaler Wörterbücher*

African Journals Online (AJOL)

retrodigitalen Wörterbüchern im Vergleich zu Literatursammlungen noch .... Im Sinn der international erreichten digitalen Editionsstandards wäre zu erwarten, daß z.B. ..... sion 1.1, PC-Bibliothek, Mannheim/Wien/Zürich: Dudenverlag. Dummer ...

{sup 201}Tl scintigraphy in the evaluation of palpable and nonpalpable breast lesions: correlation with mammography and ultrasonography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vural, G.; Atasever, T.; Oezdemir, A.; Oeznur, I.; Karabacak, N.I.; Goekcora, N.; Isik, S. [Gazi Univ., Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara (Turkey)]|[Gazi Univ., Dept. of Radiology, Ankara (Turkey); Uenlue, M. [Gazi Univ., Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara (Turkey)

1997-12-01

. Palpable Tumoren (38 von 40, Sensitivitaet: 95%) wurden besser erkannt als nichtpalpable (9 von 12, Sensitivitaet: 75%). Die kleinste durch {sup 201}Tl nachgewiesene Lsion mass 1,5x1,0 cm. 11 Laesionen waren zuvor durch Mammographie und/oder Sonographie als fraglich suspekt beurteilt worden: Von den 8 letztlich gutartigen Tumoren konnte die {sup 201}Tl-Szintigraphie bei 7 Faellen (88%) die Malignitaet richtig ausschliessen. 5 der insgesamt 18 gutartigen Tumoren (28%) zeigten zwar eine {sup 201}Tl-Aufnahme, in keinem Fall aber handelte es sich hierbei um Fibroadenome oder fibrozystische Veraenderungen. Die Sensitivitaet fuer {sup 201}Tl-Szintigraphie, Mammographie und Sonographie betrug 90%, 92% bzw. 85%, die Spezifitaet entsprechend 72%, 56% bzw. 61%. Der Quotient (ROI-Technik) Laesion/kontralaterale Mamma betrug bei den fruehen Aufnahmen 1,58{+-}0,38 (Mittelwert{+-}SD) bei Karzinomen und 1,4{+-}0,32 (p>0,005) bei gutartigen Laesionen und fuer die spaeten Aufnahmen entsprechend 1,87{+-}0,65 bzw. 1,34{+-}0,2 (p<0,05). Die Quotienten der fruehen und spaeten Aufnahmen zeigten bei beiden Gruppen keine statistisch signifikante Differenz (p>0,05). Zusaetzlich wurden 21 der 28 axilliaeren Lymphknotenmetastasen (75%) durch die {sup 201}Tl-Szintigraphie richtig erkannt. (orig./MG)

Do We Need a New Approach to Library and Information Science?

OpenAIRE

Audunson, Ragnar Andreas

2018-01-01

Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert den durch die Digitalisierung bedingten Druck auf das Bibliothekswesen und die Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft sowie auf die zunehmende Bedeutung der Bibliotheken als Begegnungsorte und -arenen für die Öffentlichkeit. Beide Entwicklungstendenzen stellen die Notwendigkeit von Bibliothekaren als Vermittler zwischen Nutzern und Informationsquellen in Frage. Das Navigieren und Suchen nach Informationen in einer digitalen Welt, wenn die Welt selbst eine...

Analyse und Konstruktion blinder interaktiver Signaturen

OpenAIRE

Fremdt, Christine

2005-01-01

Eine der zentralen Errungenschaften der Public-Key-Kryptographie ist die Möglichkeit, digitale Signaturen zu realisieren. Diese werden heute einerseits als alleine stehendes Primitiv zur Authentifikation von Personen oder Nachrichten angewendet. Andererseits gibt es zahlreiche Vorschläge für komplexe kryptographische Anwendungen, wie z.B. elektronische Geldsysteme oder elektronische Wahlen, welche digitale Signaturen oder Varianten von digitalen Signaturen als Bausteine verwenden. Von besonde...

Experience with digital mammography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. P. Korzhenkova

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The use of digital techniques in mammography has become a last step for completing the process of digitization in diagnostic imaging. It is assumed that such a spatial decision will be required for digital mammography, as well as for high-resolution intensifying screen-film systems used in conventional mammography and that the digital techniques will be limited by the digitizer pixel size on detecting minor structures, such as microcalcifications. The introduction of digital technologies in mammography involves a tight control over an image and assures its high quality.

Characterization of microcalcification: can digital monitor zooming replace magnification mammography in full-field digital mammography?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Min Jung; Kim, Eun-Kyung; Kwak, Jin Young; Son, Eun Ju; Youk, Ji Hyun; Choi, Seon Hyeong; Oh, Ki Keun; Han, Mooyoung

2009-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and image quality of microcalcifications in zoomed digital contact mammography with digital magnification mammography. Three radiologists with different levels of experience in mammography reviewed 120 microcalcification clusters in 111 patients with a full-field digital mammography system relying on digital magnification mammogram (MAG) images and zoomed images from contact mammography (ZOOM) using commercially available zooming systems on monitors. Each radiologist estimated the probability of malignancy and rated the image quality and confidence rate. Performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. All three radiologists rated MAG images higher than ZOOM images for sensitivity with statistical significance (average value, 92% vs. 87%, P<0.05) and performance by ROC analysis improved with MAG imaging. The confidence rate for diagnosis decision and the assessment of lesion characteristics were also better in MAG images than in ZOOM images with statistical significance (P<0.0001). Digital magnification mammography can enhance diagnostic performance when characterizing microcalcifications. Images zoomed from digital contact mammography cannot serve as an alternative to direct magnification digital mammography. (orig.)

Practical digital mammography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hashimoto, Beverly E. [Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States)]|[Virginia Mason Medical Center, VA (United States)

2008-07-01

This book is meant for the radiologist who is facing the challenge of organizing a digital mammographic imaging center. This text is meant to be a practical book that provides information about digital mammographic physics and equipment which will allow one to intelligently compare technologies and systems. Some of the major challenges include: large expense; rapidly changing technology, and inconsistent connectivity; and finally, need for strong information technology support. The initial conversion cost to digital mammographic imaging is relatively expensive due to the cost of digital mammography hardware, software, and storage. Virtually all other imaging modalities are being converted to purely digital storage and transfer, and the digital trend in mammography is inevitable. Technical advantages of digital mammography are described. However, the improved flexibility in image display and transfer are some of its strongest features. In conclusion, although there are increasing imaging modalities that may be used to evaluate breast disease, mammography will continue to play a key role in detecting breast cancer. To be an effective imager, the radiologist should become familiar with digital mammography and understand its role within the increasing complex structure of breast imaging techniques.

Practical digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hashimoto, Beverly E.

2008-01-01

This book is meant for the radiologist who is facing the challenge of organizing a digital mammographic imaging center. This text is meant to be a practical book that provides information about digital mammographic physics and equipment which will allow one to intelligently compare technologies and systems. Some of the major challenges include: large expense; rapidly changing technology, and inconsistent connectivity; and finally, need for strong information technology support. The initial conversion cost to digital mammographic imaging is relatively expensive due to the cost of digital mammography hardware, software, and storage. Virtually all other imaging modalities are being converted to purely digital storage and transfer, and the digital trend in mammography is inevitable. Technical advantages of digital mammography are described. However, the improved flexibility in image display and transfer are some of its strongest features. In conclusion, although there are increasing imaging modalities that may be used to evaluate breast disease, mammography will continue to play a key role in detecting breast cancer. To be an effective imager, the radiologist should become familiar with digital mammography and understand its role within the increasing complex structure of breast imaging techniques

Nachlassverzeichnisse im Netz – Ein Projekt der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maximilian Schreiber

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Nachlässe rücken in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung immer mehr in den Fokus, wie etwa die stark gestiegenen Nutzerzahlen der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek (BSB über die letzten Jahre hinweg deutlich zeigen. Umso wichtiger ist insbesondere für Bibliotheken mit umfangreichen und fachlich breit gestreuten Nachlassbeständen eine möglichst genaue Erschließung im Internet, um der wissenschaftlichen Forschung einen schnellen Zugriff auf diese unikalen Materialien zu ermöglichen. Bei der digitalen Bereitstellung und vernetzten Erschließung verfolgt die BSB mit ihren rund 1.100 Nachlässen eine doppelte Strategie. Einerseits wird versucht, ausgewählte Nachlässe im Verbundsystem Kalliope zu katalogisieren. Andererseits werden die Erschließungsdaten zu den bereits erschlossenen und den erst grob geordneten Nachlässen, die in Form von hand- oder maschinenschriftlichen Listen sowie als Wordlisten vorliegen, digitalisiert und über den Bibliothekskatalog online zur Verfügung gestellt, um den Nutzern die Möglichkeit zu geben, sich so über die vorhandenen Bestände zu informieren. Wie dieses Projekt genau durchgeführt wurde, ist Gegenstand des Artikels. Special collections and personal papers are becoming more and more important for academic research, as is shown clearly by the increasing usage numbers at the Bavarian State Library (BSB over the last couple of years. Especially for libraries with extensive and manifold collections of estates, it is important to present these unique materials in a well-indexed manner on the internet, in order to give the scientific community easy access. The Bavarian State Library, which keeps more than 1.100 estates of personal papers, pursues a double strategy: On the one hand, selected estates are fully cataloged in the database “Kalliope”. As this procedure is likely to take a long time, the library on the other hand has been digitizing older hand- or typewritten lists with information

Baseline Screening Mammography: Performance of Full-Field Digital Mammography Versus Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.

Science.gov (United States)

McDonald, Elizabeth S; McCarthy, Anne Marie; Akhtar, Amana L; Synnestvedt, Marie B; Schnall, Mitchell; Conant, Emily F

2015-11-01

Baseline mammography studies have significantly higher recall rates than mammography studies with available comparison examinations. Digital breast tomosynthesis reduces recalls when compared with digital mammographic screening alone, but many sites operate in a hybrid environment. To maximize the effect of screening digital breast tomosynthesis with limited resources, choosing which patient populations will benefit most is critical. This study evaluates digital breast tomosynthesis in the baseline screening population. Outcomes were compared for 10,728 women who underwent digital mammography screening, including 1204 (11.2%) baseline studies, and 15,571 women who underwent digital breast tomosynthesis screening, including 1859 (11.9%) baseline studies. Recall rates, cancer detection rates, and positive predictive values were calculated. Logistic regression estimated the odds ratios of recall for digital mammography versus digital breast tomosynthesis for patients undergoing baseline screening and previously screened patients, adjusted for age, race, and breast density. In the baseline subgroup, recall rates for digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis screening were 20.5% and 16.0%, respectively (p = 0.002); digital breast tomosynthesis screening in the baseline subgroup resulted in a 22% reduction in recall compared with digital mammography, or 45 fewer patients recalled per 1000 patients screened. Digital breast tomosynthesis screening in the previously screened patients resulted in recall reduction of 14.3% (p tomosynthesis than from digital mammography alone.

Wissenschaftsbezogene Nutzung von Social Media und Online-Werkzeugen in Sachsen 2013-2014

OpenAIRE

Pscheida, Daniela; Minet, Claudia; Herbst, Sabrina; Albrecht, Steffen; Köhler, Thomas

2015-01-01

Onlinebasierte Werkzeuge und Social-Media-Anwendungen sind aus dem akademischen Alltag nicht mehr wegzudenken. Die Arbeitspraktiken von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern sind heute auf vielfältige Weise digital durchsetzt und ohne den Zugang zum Internet meist gar nicht mehr vorstellbar. Die dabei entstehenden digitalen Kollaborations- und Arbeitsformen werden das Erscheinungsbild der Wissenschaft zukünftig immer stärker prägen und zu fundamentalen Veränderungen der wissenschaftlichen...

Comparison of tomosynthesis plus digital mammography and digital mammography alone for breast cancer screening.

Science.gov (United States)

Haas, Brian M; Kalra, Vivek; Geisel, Jaime; Raghu, Madhavi; Durand, Melissa; Philpotts, Liane E

2013-12-01

To compare screening recall rates and cancer detection rates of tomosynthesis plus conventional digital mammography to those of conventional digital mammography alone. All patients presenting for screening mammography between October 1, 2011, and September 30, 2012, at four clinical sites were reviewed in this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, for which the institutional review board granted approval and waived the requirement for informed consent. Patients at sites with digital tomosynthesis were offered screening with digital mammography plus tomosynthesis. Patients at sites without tomosynthesis underwent conventional digital mammography. Recall rates were calculated and stratified according to breast density and patient age. Cancer detection rates were calculated and stratified according to the presence of a risk factor for breast cancer. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of screening method, breast density, patient age, and cancer risk on the odds of recall from screening. A total of 13 158 patients presented for screening mammography; 6100 received tomosynthesis. The overall recall rate was 8.4% for patients in the tomosynthesis group and 12.0% for those in the conventional mammography group (P tomosynthesis reduced recall rates for all breast density and patient age groups, with significant differences (P tomosynthesis versus 5.2 per 1000 in patients receiving conventional mammography alone (P = .70). Patients undergoing tomosynthesis plus digital mammography had significantly lower screening recall rates. The greatest reductions were for those younger than 50 years and those with dense breasts. A nonsignificant 9.5% increase in cancer detection was observed in the tomosynthesis group. © RSNA, 2013.

Auf in die Zukunft! Was kommt nach der bücherlosen Bibliothek? Reflexionen und Wahrnehmungsunterschiede zur Rolle von öffentlichen Bibliotheken

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wolfgang Kaiser

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Die Sehnsucht nach papierlosen und digitalen Bibliotheken ist auch in Deutschland weit verbreitet. Dabei entsteht der Irrglaube, die alleinige digitale Ausrichtung der eigenen Bibliothek mache diese zukunftsfähig. Ökonomisierungstendenzen, ein Mangel an Handeln nach ethischen Prinzipien, die ständige Messung von Ausleihen und Kunden sind das Spiegelbild des gegenwärtigen ideologischen Zeitgeistes. Im Artikel werden vermeintliche Glücksversprechen entlarvt und Alternativen aufgezeigt. Es wird für eine Öffnung hin zu anderen verwandten Disziplinen und der Förderung von mehr Vielfalt in der Ausbildung von Bibliothekaren und Bibliothekarinnen plädiert. Alternative Hinweise und Anregungen, welche für eine Neubewertung öffentlicher Bibliotheken eintreten, sind Teil des folgenden Beitrags. The longing for paperless and digital libraries is also very widespread in Germany as well as in other countries. At the same time there’s the misconception that the digital orientation might be the silver bullet for their institutions for a sustainable future. Tendencies of economization, the steady measurement of growth in library loans, and the notion and perception of clients and customers in libraries are a mirror image of our current ideological Zeitgeist. The article unmasks assumed promises of digitalization. It illustrates alternatives for the implementation of more democratic and participatory library policies. Furthermore the author pleads for an opening to other disciplines and the promotion of more diversity within the library field. Alternative leads and suggestions, which advocate a different evaluation of public libraries, are part of the following article.

Googles Augmented-Reality-Game "Ingress"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karl H. Stingeder

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Das an das "Geocoaching"-Spielprinzip erinnernde Augmented-­Reality-Game "Ingress" ist auf allen mit Android-Betriebssystem ausgestatteten Smartphones spielbar. Das Alleinstellungsmerkmal des Spiels ist gleich­zeitig auch das beste Patent-Rezept für bzw. gegen notorisches "Couch-Potato-ing": Das Game-Design des "Draußenspiels" erfordert jedoch stets die physische Anwesenheit der SpielerInnen am realen Ort des Geschehens, meist touristisch attraktive Sehenswürdigkeiten und architektonisch markante Plätze. Sobald "Ingress" per App am Smart­phone gestartet wird, stehen Interaktionen und Machtverhältnisse auf dem Handy-Display im Dreh- und Angelpunkt des Geschehens. Die Spielgrafik ist auf das Wesentliche reduziert und erinnert an die Optik von Videospielen der 80er Jahre. "Ingress" im Allgemeinen sowie "Magnus13", die erste von Google organisierte Fan-Veranstaltung Österreichs mit mehreren Hundert TeilnehmerInnen und ist mit einer "digitalen Schnitzeljagd" vergleichbar: Gemeinsam ist der klassischen "Schnitzeljagd" und dem digitalen "Schere-Schein-Papier" Prinzip von "Ingress" die tragende Rolle des im Spiel entstehenden Gemeinschaftsgefühls, welche in einer hohen Langzeitmotivation mündet. Trotz aller Euphorie, ob des unkonventionellen Augmented-Reality-Spielkonzepts und des in Folge der sozialen Dynamik außergewöhnlichen Sucht­potentials, ist angesichts von Edward Snowden und vielfältiger NSA-Abhörmaßnahmen, eine gesunde Portion Skepsis angebracht: Welchen Zweck erfüllt "Ingress"? Gibt es ein verhülltes "Mittel zum Zweck"? Welche Gefahren bestehen mit einer systematischen Auswertung des umfangreichen, ortsrelevanten Daten-Sammelsuriums? "Ingress" verdeutlicht trotz aller Risiken den soziokulturellen Bedeutungswandel des digitalen Spiels: Spiele per se und das Spiel als soziale Interaktion sind aktuell dabei, alle Bereiche unseres Lebens zu erfassen.

A comparison of the accuracy of film-screen mammography, full-field digital mammography, and digital breast tomosynthesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Michell, M.J.; Iqbal, A.; Wasan, R.K.; Evans, D.R.; Peacock, C.; Lawinski, C.P.; Douiri, A.; Wilson, R.; Whelehan, P.

2012-01-01

Aim: To measure the change in diagnostic accuracy of conventional film-screen mammography and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) with the addition of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in women recalled for assessment following routine screening. Materials and methods: Ethics approval for the study was granted. Women recalled for assessment following routine screening with screen-film mammography were invited to participate. Participants underwent bilateral, two-view FFDM and two-view DBT. Readers scored each lesion separately for probability of malignancy on screen-film mammography, FFDM, and then DBT. The scores were compared with the presence or absence of malignancy based on the final histopathology outcome. Results: Seven hundred and thirty-eight women participated (93.2% recruitment rate). Following assessment 204 (26.8%) were diagnosed as malignant (147 invasive and 57 in-situ tumours), 286 (37.68%) as benign, and 269 (35.4%) as normal. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) and measurement of area under the curve (AUC). The AUC values demonstrated a significant (p = 0.0001) improvement in the diagnostic accuracy with the addition of DBT combined with FFDM and film-screen mammography (AUC = 0.9671) when compared to FFDM plus film-screen mammography (AUC = 0.8949) and film-screen mammography alone (AUC = 0.7882). The effect was significantly greater for soft-tissue lesions [AUC was 0.9905 with the addition of DBT and AUC was 0.9201 for FFDM with film-screen mammography combined (p = 0.0001)] compared to microcalcification [with the addition of DBT (AUC = 0.7920) and for FFDM with film-screen mammography combined (AUC = 0.7843; p = 0.3182)]. Conclusion: The addition of DBT increases the accuracy of mammography compared to FFDM and film-screen mammography combined and film-screen mammography alone in the assessment of screen-detected soft-tissue mammographic abnormalities.

Implementation of BIRADS{sup TM} together with an organization of percutaneous breast biopsies: experiences, reactions; Implementierung der BIRADS{sup TM}-Klassifikation in Kombination mit einer Organisation der perkutanen Nadelbiopsie von Brustlaesionen: Erfahrungen, Reaktionen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hergan, K.; Oser, W. [Zentrales Inst. fuer Radiologie, LKH Feldkirch (Austria); Laengle, I. [Obmann der Fachgruppe Radiologie Vorarlberg (Austria)

2002-12-01

Purpose: To record the acceptance and reactions of radiologist und physicians who recommend patients for mammography after simultaneous establishment of BIRADS{sup TM} and a registration of the results of percutaneous breast biopsies. Materials and methods: To improve clarity of mammographic reports and to provide guidance concerning any necessary percutaneous breast biopsies the Breast Imaging Data And Reporting System (BIRADS{sup TM}) has been introduced regionally together with a registration of percutaneous breast biopsies. Using a questionnaire, 25 radiologists and 230 referring physicians were asked on acceptance and reactions concerning the established system. Results: Of the 15 answering radiologists, 93% considered BIRADS{sup TM} a worthwhile effort and 87% found the biopsy guidelines to be useful. They regarded the acceptance of the referring physicians and patients as high (80%). Up to 69% of the 52 participating physicians stated a better understanding of the mammographic reports, an easier comprehension of the dignity classification of a mammographic lesion and the feeling of an improvement in their work. Preoperative assessment of histology was found to be valuable by 94% of the referring physicians. They believe that more than half of the patients benefit from the biopsy guidelines and that the majority of patients accept this approach. Conclusion: BIRADS{sup TM} is useful to standardize and improve mammographic reports. It is advantageous to link BIRADS{sup TM} with guidelines for percutaneous breast biopsies. (orig.) [German] Ziel: Erfassung der Akzeptanz und Reaktionen von Radiologen und zur Mammographie zuweisenden Aerzten (Allgemeinmediziner, Gynaekologen) nach gleichzeitiger Einfuehrung von BIRADS{sup TM} und einer Organisation perkutaner Mammabiopsien. Material und Methode: Zur Synchronisation und besseren Verstaendlichkeit von mammographischen Befunden und zur Vorgabe klarer Richtlinien bez. der perkutanen Mammabiopsie wurde in einem regional

Comparison of digital mammography alone and digital mammography plus tomosynthesis in a population-based screening program.

Science.gov (United States)

Skaane, Per; Bandos, Andriy I; Gullien, Randi; Eben, Ellen B; Ekseth, Ulrika; Haakenaasen, Unni; Izadi, Mina; Jebsen, Ingvild N; Jahr, Gunnar; Krager, Mona; Niklason, Loren T; Hofvind, Solveig; Gur, David

2013-04-01

To assess cancer detection rates, false-positive rates before arbitration, positive predictive values for women recalled after arbitration, and the type of cancers detected with use of digital mammography alone and combined with tomosynthesis in a large prospective screening trial. A prospective, reader- and modality-balanced screening study of participants undergoing combined mammography plus tomosynthesis, the results of which were read independently by four different radiologists, is under way. The study was approved by a regional ethics committee, and all participants provided written informed consent. The authors performed a preplanned interim analysis of results from 12,631 examinations interpreted by using mammography alone and mammography plus tomosynthesis from November 22, 2010, to December 31, 2011. Analyses were based on marginal log-linear models for binary data, accounting for correlated interpretations and adjusting for reader-specific performance levels by using a two-sided significance level of .0294. Detection rates, including those for invasive and in situ cancers, were 6.1 per 1000 examinations for mammography alone and 8.0 per 1000 examinations for mammography plus tomosynthesis (27% increase, adjusted for reader; P = .001). False-positive rates before arbitration were 61.1 per 1000 examinations with mammography alone and 53.1 per 1000 examinations with mammography plus tomosynthesis (15% decrease, adjusted for reader; P tomosynthesis; P = .72). Twenty-five additional invasive cancers were detected with mammography plus tomosynthesis (40% increase, adjusted for reader; P tomosynthesis (P tomosynthesis in a screening environment resulted in a significantly higher cancer detection rate and enabled the detection of more invasive cancers. Clinical trial registration no. NCT01248546. RSNA, 2013

The self-referred mammography patient

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reynolds, H.E.; Jackson, V.P.

1990-01-01

This paper compares the demographics, knowledge, and attitudes of women who refer themselves for screening mammography with those who undergo mammography on the advice of their physicians. Four hundred eighty-five consecutive mammography patients (437 doctor preferred [DR], 48 self-referred [SR]) completed a survey during their mammography appointment. The sample population contained a wide range of socioeconomic groups. While similar in age, race, and employment status to DR patients, SR patients were significantly more likely to have a family income of more than 30,000 per year, be college graduates, and report that they were in good or excellent health

Renaissance des Mittelalters (Teil 2) : oder Alte Fragen mit Neuen Antworten

NARCIS (Netherlands)

drs. Frans van den Reep

2014-01-01

Frans van der Reep widmete sich im ersten Teil seines Kommentars (KM Magazin, Nr. 90, Juni 2014) den überraschenden Parallelen zwischen dem digitalen Heute und dem weit entfernten, mittelalterlichen Gestern. In dieser Ausgabe setzt er dies fort und führt die Gedankenkette hin zu den Ähnlichkeiten

Studies Comparing Screen-Film Mammography and Full-Field Digital Mammography in Breast Cancer Screening: Updated Review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skaane, P.

2009-01-01

Full-field digital mammography (FFDM) has several potential benefits as compared with screen-film mammography (SFM) in mammography screening. Digital technology also opens for implementation of advanced applications, including computer-aided detection (CAD) and tomosynthesis. Phantom studies and experimental clinical studies have shown that FFDM is equal or slightly superior to SFM for detection and characterization of mammographic abnormalities. Despite obvious advantages, the conversion to digital mammography has been slower than anticipated, and not only due to higher costs. Until very recently, some countries did not even permit the use of digital mammography in breast cancer screening. The reason for this reluctant attitude was concern about lower spatial resolution and about using soft-copy reading. Furthermore, there was a lack of data supporting improved diagnostic accuracy using FFDM in a screening setting, since two pioneer trials both showed nonsignificantly lower cancer detection rate at FFDM. The 10 studies comparing FFDM and SFM in mammography screening published so far have shown divergent and rather conflicting results. Nevertheless, there is a rapid conversion to digital mammography in breast cancer screening in many western countries. The aim of this article is to give an updated review of these studies, discuss the conflicting findings, and draw some conclusions from the results

The mammography screening employee inreach program.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, Joanne; Seltzer, Vicki; Lawrence, Loretta; Autz, George; Kostroff, Karen; Weiselberg, Lora; Colagiacomo, Maria

2007-02-01

To determine whether our health care employees were undergoing mammography screening according to American Cancer Society guidelines and to determine whether aggressive outreach, education and streamlining of mammography scheduling could improve compliance. All female employees at North Shore University Hospital (NSUH) and several other health system facilities (SF) were sent mailings to their homes that included breast health education and mammography screening guidelines, a questionnaire regarding their own mammography screening history and the opportunity to have their mammography screening scheduled by the Mammography Screening Employee Inreach Program (MSEIP) coordinator. Of the approximately 2,700 female employees aged 40 and over at NSUH and SF, 2,235 (82.7%) responded to the questionnaire, and 1,455 had a mammogram done via the MSEIP. Of the 1,455, 43% either were overdue for a mammogram or had never had one. During a second year of the MSEIP at NSUH and SF, an additional 1,706 mammograms were done. People employed in health care jobs do not necessarily avail themselves of appropriate health care screening. An aggressive program that utilized education, outreach and assistance with scheduling was effective in increasing compliance with mammography screening.

Interventional MR-Mammography: manipulator-assisted large core biopsy and interstitial laser therapy of tumors of the female breast; Interventionelle MR-Mammographie: Manipulatorgestuetzte Biopsie und interstitielle Lasertherapie von Tumoren der weiblichen Brust

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pfleiderer, S.O.R.; Reichenbach, J.R.; Wurdinger, S.; Marx, C.; Freesmeyer, M.G.; Kaiser, W.A. [Inst. fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena (Germany); Vagner, J.; Fischer, H. [Inst. fuer Medizintechnik und Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Germany); Schneider, A. [Klinik fuer Frauenheilkunde, Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena (Germany)

2003-07-01

The present study investigated the clinical application of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided breast interventions, such as manipulator-assisted large core breast biopsy (LCBB) inside a 1.5 T whole-body magnet and MR-guided interstitial laser therapy (ILT). Sixteen patients underwent LCBB and 1 additional patient underwent 4 sessions of ILT of a recurrent undifferentiated lymph node metastasis in the axilla using a Nd-YAG laser (1064 nm). Temperature changes of the tumor tissue during ILT were monitored using phase images of a gradient echo sequence (GRE) (TR/TE/FA = 25/12/30). In 5 patients the biopsy findings were histopathologically confirmed after open surgery. In 3 patients, the biopsy missed one tubular and one ductal carcinoma; one invasive carcinoma was underestimated. Eight patients with benign findings are still in the follow-up period. The heating zone during ILT was well delineated on subtracted phase images. No severe adverse events were observed with LCBB or ILT. MR-guided breast biopsies are feasible with the manipulator system inside a whole-body 1.5 Tesla MR scanner. GRE information is suitable for therapy monitoring during ILT within the tumor. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the accuracy of the manipulator system and the efficacy of ILT in the treatment of breast lesions. (orig.) [German] Die klinische Anwendung MR-gestuetzter Interventionen an der Mamma wie die roboterassistierte Brustbiopsie innerhalb eines Ganzkoerpertomographen oder die kernspintomographisch kontrollierte interstitielle Lasertherapie (ILT) wurden untersucht. 16 Patientinnen unterzogen sich einer Brustbiopsie. Eine weitere Patientin wurde in insgesamt 4 Sitzungen mit einem Nd-YAG-Laser (1064 nm) an einem undifferenzierten axillaeren Lymphknotenrezidiv eines Mammakarzinoms behandelt. Temperaturaenderungen im Tumor waehrend der ILT wurden mit Hilfe von Phasenbildern einer Gradientenechosequenz (GRE) (TR/TE/FA = 25/12/30) visualisiert. Bei 5 Patientinnen wurde der

Digitalisierung und Energie 4.0 - Wie schaffen wir die digitale Energiewende?

Science.gov (United States)

Irlbeck, Maximilian

Die digitale Energiewende verändert nachhaltig die Systeme der "alten" Energiewelt. Ein Zusammenwachsen verschiedener Domänen im Energiesystem, die durch digitale Technologie möglich wird, birgt enorme Herausforderungen, ist aber notwendig, um die Energiewende und ihre Ziele zu meistern. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Wirkung der Digitalisierung auf das Energiesystem, listet Charakteristika der digitalen Energiewende auf und schildert für verschiedene Domänen mögliche Zielvorstellungen, die durch digitale Technologie umsetzbar sind. Am Ende erläutert der Beitrag Handlungsschritte, die auf dem Weg zu einem erneuerbaren Energiesystem gegangen werden sollten und zeigt Probleme und Risiken einer Fehlentwicklung auf.

Comparative study of dose estimation in the change a conventional mammography to digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vazquez Vazquez, R.; Otero Martinez, C.; Soto Bua, M.; Santamarina Vazquez, F.; Carril Iglesias, S.; Lobato Busto, R.; Luna Vega, V.; Mosquera Sueiro, J.; Sqanchez Garcia, M.; Pombar Camean, M.

2011-01-01

Mammographic studies are now one of the most demanding radiological because of its effectiveness in detecting breast cancer early. The introduction of digital mammography has been a major advance because it has overcome some of the limitations of conventional systems. Due to the nature of the radiosensitive glandular tissue becomes very important control of the dose given to patients. In the present study is to analyze the variations in dosimetry that can exist between a conventional mammography and digital mammography.

Population-based mammography screening: comparison of screen-film and full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading--Oslo I study.

Science.gov (United States)

Skaane, Per; Young, Kari; Skjennald, Arnulf

2003-12-01

To compare screen-film and full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading in a population-based screening program. Full-field digital and screen-film mammography were performed in 3,683 women aged 50-69 years. Two standard views of each breast were acquired with each modality. Images underwent independent double reading with use of a five-point rating scale for probability of cancer. Recall rates and positive predictive values were calculated. Cancer detection rates determined with both modalities were compared by using the McNemar test for paired proportions. Retrospective side-by-side analysis for conspicuity of cancers was performed by an external independent radiologist group with experience in both modalities. In 3,683 cases, 31 cancers were detected. Screen-film mammography depicted 28 (0.76%) malignancies, and full-field digital mammography depicted 23 (0.62%) malignancies. The difference between cancer detection rates was not significant (P =.23). The recall rate for full-field digital mammography (4.6%; 168 of 3,683 cases) was slightly higher than that for screen-film mammography (3.5%; 128 of 3,683 cases). The positive predictive value based on needle biopsy results was 46% for screen-film mammography and 39% for full-field digital mammography. Side-by-side image comparison for cancer conspicuity led to classification of 19 cancers as equal for probability of malignancy, six cancers as slightly better demonstrated at screen-film mammography, and six cancers as slightly better demonstrated at full-field digital mammography. There was no statistically significant difference in cancer detection rate between screen-film and full-field digital mammography. Cancer conspicuity was equal with both modalities. Full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading is comparable to screen-film mammography in population-based screening.

Radiation exposure of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography compared with full-field digital mammography.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeukens, Cécile R L P N; Lalji, Ulrich C; Meijer, Eduard; Bakija, Betina; Theunissen, Robin; Wildberger, Joachim E; Lobbes, Marc B I

2014-10-01

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) shows promising initial results but comes at the cost of increased dose as compared with full-field digital mammography (FFDM). We aimed to quantitatively assess the dose increase of CESM in comparison with FFDM. Radiation exposure-related data (such as kilovoltage, compressed breast thickness, glandularity, entrance skin air kerma (ESAK), and average glandular dose (AGD) were retrieved for 47 CESM and 715 FFDM patients. All examinations were performed on 1 mammography unit. Radiation dose values reported by the unit were validated by phantom measurements. Descriptive statistics of the patient data were generated using a statistical software package. Dose values reported by the mammography unit were in good qualitative agreement with those of phantom measurements. Mean ESAK was 10.5 mGy for a CESM exposure and 7.46 mGy for an FFDM exposure. Mean AGD for a CESM exposure was 2.80 mGy and 1.55 mGy for an FFDM exposure. Compared with our institutional FFDM, the AGD of a single CESM exposure is increased by 1.25 mGy (+81%), whereas ESAK is increased by 3.07 mGy (+41%). Dose values of both techniques meet the recommendations for maximum dose in mammography.

Digital mammography; Mamografia digital

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chevalier, M.; Torres, R.

2010-07-01

Mammography represents one of the most demanding radiographic applications, simultaneously requiring excellent contrast sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and wide dynamic range. Film/screen is the most widely extended image receptor in mammography due to both its high spatial resolution and contrast. The film/screen limitations are related with its narrow latitude, structural noise and that is at the same time the medium for the image acquisition, storage and presentation. Several digital detector made with different technologies can overcome these difficulties. Here, these technologies as well as their main advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Also it is discussed its impact on the mammography examinations, mainly on the breast screening programs. (Author).

Grundbildung Medien für alle pädagogischen Fachkräfte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sven Kommer

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Die Initiative "Keine Bildung ohne Medien" fordert eine Bund-Länder-Initiative für Grundbildung Medien in allen pädagogischen Studien- und Ausbildungseinrichtungen und diskutiert diese Forderungen mit VertreterInnen verschiedener pädagogischer Handlungsbereiche. Das folgende Positionspapier wurde von der Initiative "Keine Bildung ohne Medien" entwickelt und im November 2014 auf dem GMK-Kongress "Doing politics: Politisch agieren in der digitalen Gesellschaft – Konzepte und Strategien der Medienpädagogik und Medienbildung" in einem Workshop mit Vertretern verschiedener Praxisfelder diskutiert. Grundpositionen des Papieres fanden Eingang in die Pressemitteilung vom 27.11.2014.

Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit digitaler intraoraler Scans

OpenAIRE

Benedickt, Christopher Roland

2017-01-01

Ziel der hier vorliegenden In-vitro-Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob es bei digitalen int-raoralen Scans zu Verzerrungen, Streckungen, Stauchungen, Verdrillungen oder Biegun-gen, kommt. Als Prüfmodell diente ein vollbezahntes Oberkiefermodell aus einer Chrom-Kobalt-Molybdän-Legierung. Auf diesem waren die Zähne 11, 15, 24 und 26 zur Auf-nahme eines Veneers, einer Vollkrone, eines Inlays präpariert, und auf inzisalen bezie-hungsweise okklusalen Mulden der Zähne 13, 23, 17 und 27 waren Metallk...

ETA-BEMS - Development of testing procedures for inspection of building energy management systems; ETA-BEMS - Entwicklung von Testprozeduren zur Abnahme von Building-Energy-Management-Systemen. Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bach, H.; Grob, R.F.

2000-07-01

Based on the investigations of project VITE-BEMS, a computer-assisted method for commissioning and acceptance testing of complex digital building control systems is presented. Tests are classified as either open-loop or closed-loop tests. A test stand was constructed in which the control systems to be tested were connected to a building and facility simulation system in order to model the behaviour of the real facility for which the control system is intended. The models were adapted and optimized with a view to simplicity and easy convertibility. [German] Aufbauend auf dem bereits bestehenden Lebenszyklusansatz fuer die Simulation und den Arbeiten, die im Projekt VITE-BEMS /6/ durchgefuehrt wurden, wird eine computergestuetzte Vorgehensweise fuer die Inbetriebnahme und die Abnahme von komplexen digitalen Regelsystemen im Bereich der Gebaeude- und RLT-Technik vorgestellt. Nach einer kritischen Betrachtung der Abnahmeprozesse in der gaengigen Praxis, werden hierfuer zunaechst Testprozeduren entwickelt. Diese Testprozeduren fuer die Inbetriebnahme und Abnahme von digitalen Regelungssysteme koennen unterteilt werden in Tests, bei denen das jeweilige Regelungssystem mit einer virtuellen heiz- und raumlufttechnischen Anlage in Wechselwirkung steht (Closed-Loop-Tests) und solchen, bei denen Regelfunktionen ohne eine direkte Rueckkopplung zur zu regelnden Anlage ueberprueft werden (Open-Loop-Tests). Durch diese unterschiedlichen Prozeduren wird eine systematische Ueberpruefung der Regelfunktionen, die vom Planer der jeweiligen Anlage spezifiziert und gefordert werden, ermoeglicht. Entsprechend den Anforderungen dieser Testprozeduren wird auf einem ebenfalls neu entwickelten Emulationsversuchsstand eine virtuelle Testumgebung aufgebaut, auf der die Prozeduren an den zu testenden Regelgeraeten ablaufen. In dieser Testumgebung wird das zu pruefende Regelungssystem an eine Anlagen- und Gebaeudesimulation angeschlossen. Mit der Simulation wird das Verhalten der realen Anlage

One more hurdle to increasing mammography screening: pubescent, adolescent, and prior mammography screening experiences.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Eileen; Usher, LaToya

2009-01-01

Approximately $8.1 billion dollars is spent each year in the United States alone on the treatment of breast cancer. Survival rates are dependent on access to, and utilization of, early detection services. The primary reason for disparity in breast cancer mortality is the delay in time to diagnosis, resulting in poor prognosis. Despite ongoing research to understand barriers to mammography screening, recent studies report a decrease in mammography screening among all racial groups. A qualitative approach was used to elicit information from 36 White non- Hispanic, African-American, Hispanic, and Native American women without a history of breast cancer. Women were invited to share written or audiotape-recorded narratives about experiences pertaining to their breasts and their mammography screening experiences. Major categories identified were: teasing, family norms and values, media/societal influence, body image, and mammography screening experiences. The resulting effects of these experiences left these women with feelings of shame and "conflict" regarding their breasts. The major theme identified was breast conflict. Findings suggest that breast conflict may persist throughout the lifespan and can have a negative influence on a woman's decision to participate in mammography screening. The authors hypothesize that experiences that occur during adolescence pertaining to young girls' breasts can influence a women's body image, which in turn can later in life affect health-seeking behaviors related to mammography screening. These findings have implications for public health practice in planning for breast cancer screening, education, and interventions for women from diverse racial/ethnics groups.

Effects of a risk-based online mammography intervention on accuracy of perceived risk and mammography intentions.

Science.gov (United States)

Seitz, Holli H; Gibson, Laura; Skubisz, Christine; Forquer, Heather; Mello, Susan; Schapira, Marilyn M; Armstrong, Katrina; Cappella, Joseph N

2016-10-01

This experiment tested the effects of an individualized risk-based online mammography decision intervention. The intervention employs exemplification theory and the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion to improve the match between breast cancer risk and mammography intentions. 2918 women ages 35-49 were stratified into two levels of 10-year breast cancer risk (<1.5%; ≥1.5%) then randomly assigned to one of eight conditions: two comparison conditions and six risk-based intervention conditions that varied according to a 2 (amount of content: brief vs. extended) x 3 (format: expository vs. untailored exemplar [example case] vs. tailored exemplar) design. Outcomes included mammography intentions and accuracy of perceived breast cancer risk. Risk-based intervention conditions improved the match between objective risk estimates and perceived risk, especially for high-numeracy women with a 10-year breast cancer risk ≤1.5%. For women with a risk≤1.5%, exemplars improved accuracy of perceived risk and all risk-based interventions increased intentions to wait until age 50 to screen. A risk-based mammography intervention improved accuracy of perceived risk and the match between objective risk estimates and mammography intentions. Interventions could be applied in online or clinical settings to help women understand risk and make mammography decisions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mammography: MedlinePlus Health Topic

Science.gov (United States)

... Questions (National Cancer Institute) Mammography for Women with Breast Implants (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish Mammography: What You Need to Know (Food and Drug Administration) Nipple Aspirate Test Is ... Specifics Breast Tomosynthesis (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of ...

Application of phase contrast imaging to mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tohyama, Keiko; Yamada, Katsuhiko; Katafuchi, Tetsuro; Matsuo, Satoru; Morishita, Junji

2005-01-01

Phase contrast images were obtained experimentally by using a customized mammography unit with a nominal focal spot size of 100 μm and variable source-to-image distances of up to 1.5 m. The purpose of this study was to examine the applicability and potential usefulness of phase contrast imaging for mammography. A mammography phantom (ACR156 RMI phantom) was imaged, and its visibility was examined. The optical density of the phantom images was adjusted to approximately 1.3 for both the contact and phase contrast images. Forty-one observers (18 medical doctors and 23 radiological technologists) participated in visual evaluation of the images. Results showed that, in comparison with the images of contact mammography, the phantom images of phase contrast imaging demonstrated statistically significantly superior visibility for fibers, clustered micro-calcifications, and masses. Therefore, phase contrast imaging obtained by using the customized mammography unit would be useful for improving diagnostic accuracy in mammography. (author)

Mammography

Science.gov (United States)

... breast cancer Whether there is any harm from breast cancer screening, such as side effects from testing or overtreatment of cancer when it's discovered Mammography is performed to screen women to detect early breast cancer when it is ...

Cost-effectiveness of increasing access to mammography through mobile mammography for older women.

Science.gov (United States)

Naeim, Arash; Keeler, Emmett; Bassett, Lawrence W; Parikh, Jay; Bastani, Roshan; Reuben, David B

2009-02-01

To compare the costs of mobile and stationary mammography and examine the incremental cost-effectiveness of using mobile mammography to increase screening rates. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using effectiveness data from a randomized clinical trial and modeling of costs associated with the mobile mammography intervention. The trial involved 60 community-based meal sites, senior centers, and clubs. Four hundred ninety-nine individuals were enrolled in the study, of whom 463 had outcome data available for analysis. Costs were calculated for stationary and mobile mammography, as well as costs due to differences in technology and film versus digital. Incremental cost-effectiveness (cost per additional screen) was modeled, and sensitivity analysis was performed by altering efficiency (throughput) and effectiveness based on subgroup data from the randomized trial. The estimated annual costs were $435,162 for a stationary unit, $539,052 for a mobile film unit, and $456, 392 for a mobile digital unit. Assuming mobile units are less efficient (50% annual volume), the cost per screen was $41 for a stationary unit, $86 for a mobile film unit, and $102 for a mobile digital unit. The incremental cost per additional screen were $207 for a mobile film unit and $264 for a mobile digital unit over a stationary unit. Although mobile mammography is a more effective way to screen older women, the absolute cost per screen of mobile units is higher, whereas the reimbursement is no different. Financial barriers may impede the widespread use of this approach.

Study on patient exposure from mammography, 3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Miyao

1983-01-01

Risks and benefits of the patient from mammography performed in Japan were estimated, and the indication of mammography were discussed. 1) Breast cancers induced by mammography were estimated based on the average breast dose, the average life span, risks of radiation-induced breast cancer and the breast cancer significant factor. 2) The breast cancer significant factor was calculated, similar to those of leukemia significant factor by Hashizume, from latent periods of radiation-induced breast cancer and the excess breast cancer induction rate in female A-bomb survivors. 3) Numbers of the deaths and Lost-years were calculated from risks of radiation-induced breast cancer, incidence of breast cancer by mammography, cure rate of breast cancer, average life span and latent period of radiation-induced breast cancer. 4) Numbers of the increased life and years saved were calculated from the improved rate of the ability of diagnosis, frequency of mammography, the average life span and cure rate of breast cancer. 5) Induction of leukemia, lung cancer and thyroid cancer by mammography also were investigated. Its contribution was not significant, compared to the induction of breast cancer. 6) Comparing risk and benefit, the latter was much higher than the former by factors of 71-76. This was suggested the efficacy of mammography. 7) From a pointview of risk and benefit, routine mammography is contraindicative for 10-19 years old women because of large risk, the indication must be scrutinized for 20-29 years old ones, and the benefit increases with age for over 30 years old ones so that mammography was positively admitted for the symptomatic women. (author)

Does gender discrimination impact regular mammography screening? Findings from the race differences in screening mammography study.

Science.gov (United States)

Dailey, Amy B; Kasl, Stanislav V; Jones, Beth A

2008-03-01

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine if gender discrimination, conceptualized as a negative life stressor, is a deterrent to adherence to mammography screening guidelines. African American and white women (1451) aged 40-79 years who obtained an index screening mammogram at one of five urban hospitals in Connecticut between October 1996 and January 1998 were enrolled in this study. This logistic regression analysis includes the 1229 women who completed telephone interviews at baseline and follow-up (average 29.4 months later) and for whom the study outcome, nonadherence to age-specific mammography screening guidelines, was determined. Gender discrimination was measured as lifetime experience in seven possible situations. Gender discrimination, reported by nearly 38% of the study population, was significantly associated with nonadherence to mammography guidelines in women with annual family incomes of > or =$50,000 (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.33, 2.98) and did not differ across racial/ethnic group. Our findings suggest that gender discrimination can adversely influence regular mammography screening in some women. With nearly half of women nonadherent to screening mammography guidelines in this study and with decreasing mammography rates nationwide, it is important to address the complexity of nonadherence across subgroups of women. Life stressors, such as experiences of gender discrimination, may have considerable consequences, potentially influencing health prevention prioritization in women.

Family/Friend Recommendations and Mammography Intentions: The Roles of Perceived Mammography Norms and Support

Science.gov (United States)

Molina, Yamile; Ornelas, India J.; Doty, Sarah L.; Bishop, Sonia; Beresford, Shirley A. A.; Coronado, Gloria D.

2015-01-01

Identifying factors that increase mammography use among Latinas is an important public health priority. Latinas are more likely to report mammography intentions and use, if a family member or friend recommends that they get a mammogram. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between social interactions and mammography…

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography vs. mammography and MRI - clinical performance in a multi-reader evaluation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fallenberg, E.M.; Schmitzberger, F.F.; Amer, H.; Ingold-Heppner, B.; Balleyguier, C.; Diekmann, F.; Engelken, F.; Mann, R.M.; Renz, D.M.; Bick, U.; Hamm, B.; Dromain, C.

2017-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) to digital mammography (MG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a prospective two-centre, multi-reader study. METHODS: One hundred seventy-eight women (mean age 53 years) with invasive breast

Slit aperture technique for mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Friedrich, M.

1984-01-01

Following a discussion of various principles used in the elimination of scatter, the prototype of a simple slit aperture mammography apparatus is described (modified Mammomat, Siemens). The main advantage of this technique compared with grid mammography is a halving of the radiation dose for identical image quality, using an identical film system. The technical requirements (heavy duty tube, new generator) are, however, considerable. If the film-screen systems currently in use are to remain the common systems for the future, then the development of a multi-lamellar slit diaphragm technique carries much promise for mammography. (orig.) [de

Digital mammography and their developments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wienbeck, Susanne

2015-01-01

At the present time digital mammography is a satisfactory breast diagnostic imaging in clinical as well as screening mammography in defined age groups. Nevertheless it shows beside the application of ionizing radiation in women with dense breasts limitations in the detection of non calcification breast cancers. Tomosynthesis, digital contrast-enhanced mammography and breast-CT with or without contrast media lead to better results. Especially the application of contrast media for the visualisation of the tumor angiogenesis is invariably superior to all other non-contrast imaging modalities. However, the excellent results of breast MRI will be probably accessible with none of the new procedures.

Textbook on X-ray diagnostics. Substantiated by Marianne Zimmer-Brossy. 6. new rev. ed.; Lehrbuch der roentgendiagnostischen Einstelltechnik. Begruendet von Marianne Zimmer-Brossy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becht, Stefanie [Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Radiologie; Bittner, Roland C. [Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie; Ohmstede, Anke [Klinikum Oldenburg gGmbH (Germany). MTA-Schule; Pfeiffer, Andreas [Klinikum Stuttgart (Germany). Servicecenter Informationstechnik; Rossdeutscher, Reinhard [Johanniter-Krankenhaus im Flaeming, Treuenbrietzen (Germany). Abt. fuer Roentgendiagnostik

2008-07-01

The standard textbook on x-ray diagnostics has been revised by the MTRA team and radiologists: The book covers the following topics: General information: the profession of a radiologist, the x-ray department, radiation protection, quality assurance, basic physics, x-ray imaging, analog and digital image processing, archives, image interpretation. Skeleton diagnostics; Inner organs (thorax organs, neck, abdomen, gastrointestinal tract, colon, gall bladder and biliary tract): Special x-ray diagnostic methods: x-ray diagnostic of the female and male chest, x-ray diagnostics of bone joints (arthrography, and contrast media), x-ray diagnostics of the urinary-genital system, x-ray diagnostics of cavities and syrinx, x-ray diagnostics of arteries (arteriography, angiography), percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, x-ray diagnostics of veins (phlebography), x-ray diagnostics of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, x-ray diagnostics of spinal cord (myelography); Specific imaging methods: computerized tomography. [German] Ein erfahrenes Team aus MTRA und Radiologen ueberarbeitete und verbesserte das bewaehrte Standardwerk grundlegend. Detailliert, praezise und ausfuehrlich erlaeutert die 6. Neuauflage technische und physikalische Grundlagen, Strahlenschutz, alle wichtigen Einstellungen (vom Skelettsystem bis hin zur Mammadiagnostik) und aktuelle Leitlinien. Nah an der Praxis sind insbesondere die Hinweise zur Patientenvorbereitung und -lagerung, Qualitaetskriterien und Bildmerkmale sowie viele Tipps und Checklisten. Alle Einstellbilder sowie die Mehrzahl der radiologischen Aufnahmen sind erneuert. Die Kapitel zur digitalen Radiographie und den Grundlagen der MRT sind neu, die Kapitel zu CT-Protokollen und zur interventionellen Radiologie erweitert. Ein ausfuehrliches Glossar rundet das Buch ab. Insgesamt ein wertvolles und unverzichtbares Standardwerk fuer Ausbildung und Beruf. (orig.)

Comparative evaluation of average glandular dose and image of digital mammography and film mammography in Minas Gerais, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nogueira, M.; Leyton, F.; Rodrigue, L. L.C.; Oliveira, M.A.; Joana, G.S.; Silva, S.D.

2015-01-01

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and early detection is critical to its diagnosis and treatment. Mammography is the best method for breast-cancer screening and is capable of reducing mortality rates To date, the most effective method for early detection of breast cancer has been x-ray mammography for which the screen/film (SF) technique has been the gold standard. Digital mammography has been proposed as a substitute for film mammography given the benefits inherent to digital technology. The purpose of our study was to compare the technical performance of digital mammographic and screen-film mammography. A PMMA phantom with objects to simulate breast structures. For the screen/film (SF) technique the results showed that 54% mammography units did not achieve the minimum acceptable performance as far the image quality. Besides, 67% services showed inadequate performance in their processing systems, which had significant influence on the image quality. At the mean glandular dose only 44% of digital systems evaluated were compliant in all thicknesses of PMMA. The average glandular dose AGD was 90 % higher than in screen/film systems. (authors)

Image quality in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haus, A.G.; Doi, K.; Metz, C.E.; Bernstein, J.

1976-01-01

In mammography, image quality is a function of the shape, size, and x-ray absorption properties of the anatomic part to be radiographed and of the lesion to be detected; it also depends on geometric unsharpness, and the resolution, characteristic curve and noise properties of the recording system. X-ray energy spectra, modulation transfer functions, Wiener spectra, characteristic and gradient curves, and radiographs of a breast phantom and of a resected breast specimen containing microcalcifications are used in a review of some current considerations of the factors, and the complex relationship among factors, that affect image quality in mammography. Image quality and patient radiation exposure in mammography are interrelated. An approach to the problem of evaluating the trade-off between diagnostic certainty and the cost or risk of performing a breast imaging procedure is discussed

Normative Professionalisierung freier Journalisten. Eine berufspädagogische Perspektive

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Armin Himmelrath

2017-02-01

Full Text Available In Zeiten von Fake-News, «Lügenpresse»-Vorwürfen und Diskussionen darüber, wie qualitativ gute Medienarbeit aussehen kann und soll, steigt der Druck auf journalistische Akteure, sich mit berufsethischen Fragen zu befassen. Wer eine entsprechende berufsfachliche Ausbildung durchlaufen hat, ist mit solchen Themen zwangsläufig in Berührung gekommen. Doch die zunehmende Zahl von Freiberuflern ohne entsprechende Fachausbildung, verbunden mit dem immer leichteren Zugang zu digitalen journalistischen Produktionsmitteln und Veröffentlichungswegen, sorgt dafür, dass viele Journalisten über herkömmliche berufsethische Qualifikationsmassnahmen wie z. B. Kurse im Rahmen eines Volontariats oder Fachstudiums gar nicht mehr erreicht wurden bzw. werden. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, wie innerhalb dieser Gruppe von Medienakteuren in Zukunft berufsethische Werte vermittelt werden können und welche Bedingungen einen Prozess ethischer Reflexion unter freien Journalisten/-innen befördern. Erste Umfrageergebnisse innerhalb der Berufsgruppe legen nahe, dass vor allem Aktivitäten von Redaktionen und Verlagen im Sinne einer schärferen Normierung als adäquate Reaktion auf bestehende berufsethische Defizite gesehen werden. Nachhaltig Erfolg versprechender könnten jedoch Massnahmen sein, die auf die Eigenaktivität und intrinsische Motivation freier Journalisten/-innen setzen. Hier stellt sich die Frage der effektiven Lern- und Vermittlungswege. Sie sollten, dem digital geprägten Arbeitsumfeld der Zielgruppe angemessen, auf digitalen Lehr- und E-Learning-Konzepten beruhen.

Aggregation und Management von Metadaten im Kontext von Europeana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerda Koch

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Mit dem In-Beziehung-Setzen und Verlinken von Daten im Internet wird der Weg zur Umsetzung des semantischen Webs geebnet. Erst die semantische Verbindung von heterogenen Datenbeständen ermöglicht übergreifende Suchvorgänge und späteres „Machine Learning“. Im Artikel werden die Aktivitäten der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek im Bereich des Metadatenmanagements und der semantischen Verlinkung von Daten skizziert. Dabei wird einerseits ein kurzer Überblick zu aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkten und Umsetzungsstrategien gegeben, und darüber hinaus werden einzelne Projekte und maßgeschneiderte Serviceangebote für naturhistorische Daten, regionale Kultureinrichtungen und Audiosammlungen beschrieben.

Evidence on Synthesized Two-dimensional Mammography Versus Digital Mammography When Using Tomosynthesis (Three-dimensional Mammography) for Population Breast Cancer Screening.

Science.gov (United States)

Houssami, Nehmat

2017-09-28

One limitation of using digital breast tomosynthesis (3-dimensional [3D] mammography) technology with conventional (2-dimensional [2D]) mammography for breast cancer (BC) screening is the increased radiation dose from dual acquisitions. To resolve this problem, synthesized 2D (s2D) reconstruction images similar to 2D mammography were developed using tomosynthesis acquisitions. The present review summarizes the evidence for s2D versus digital mammography (2D) when using tomosynthesis (3D) for BC screening to address whether using s2D instead of 2D (alongside 3D) will yield similar detection measures. Comparative population screening studies have provided consistent evidence that cancer detection rates do not differ between integrated 2D/3D (range, 5.45-8.5/1000 screens) and s2D/3D (range, 5.03-8.8/1000 screens). Also, although the recall measures were relatively heterogeneous across included studies, little difference was found between the 2 modalities. The mean glandular dose for s2D/3D was 55% to 58% of that for 2D/3D. In the context of BC screening, s2D/3D involves substantially less radiation than 2D/3D and provides similar detection measures. Thus, consideration of transitioning to tomosynthesis screening should aim to use s2D/3D to minimize harm. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thermoluminescence dosimetry in quality imaging in CR mammography systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaona, E.; Franco E, J.G. [UAM-Xochimilco, 04960 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Azorin N, J. [UAM-Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Diaz G, J.A.I. [CICATA, Unidad Legaria, Av. Legaria 694, 11599 mexico D.F. (Mexico); Arreola, M. [Department of Radiology, Shands Hospital at UF, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374 (United States)

2006-07-01

The aim of this work is to estimate the average glandular dose with Thermoluminescence Dosimetry (TLD) and comparison with quality imaging in CR mammography. For measuring dose, FDA and ACR use a phantom, so that dose and image quality are assessed with the same test object. The mammography is a radiological image to visualize early biological manifestations of breast cancer. Digital systems have two types of image-capturing devices, Full Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) and CR mammography. In Mexico, there are several CR mammography systems in clinical use, but only one CR mammography system has been approved for use by the FDA. Mammography CR uses a photostimulable phosphor detector (PSP) system. Most CR plates are made of 85% BaFBr and 15% BaFI doped with europium (Eu) commonly called barium fluoro halide. We carry out an exploratory survey of six CR mammography units from three different manufacturers and six dedicated x-ray mammography units with fully automatic exposure. The results show three CR mammography units (50%) have a dose that overcomes 3.0 mGy and it doesn't improve the image quality and dose to the breast will be excessive. The differences between doses averages from TLD system and dosimeter with ionization chamber are less than 10%. TLD system is a good option for average glandular dose measurement. (Author)

Thermoluminescence dosimetry in quality imaging in CR mammography systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaona, E.; Franco E, J.G.; Azorin N, J.; Diaz G, J.A.I.; Arreola, M.

2006-01-01

The aim of this work is to estimate the average glandular dose with Thermoluminescence Dosimetry (TLD) and comparison with quality imaging in CR mammography. For measuring dose, FDA and ACR use a phantom, so that dose and image quality are assessed with the same test object. The mammography is a radiological image to visualize early biological manifestations of breast cancer. Digital systems have two types of image-capturing devices, Full Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) and CR mammography. In Mexico, there are several CR mammography systems in clinical use, but only one CR mammography system has been approved for use by the FDA. Mammography CR uses a photostimulable phosphor detector (PSP) system. Most CR plates are made of 85% BaFBr and 15% BaFI doped with europium (Eu) commonly called barium fluoro halide. We carry out an exploratory survey of six CR mammography units from three different manufacturers and six dedicated x-ray mammography units with fully automatic exposure. The results show three CR mammography units (50%) have a dose that overcomes 3.0 mGy and it doesn't improve the image quality and dose to the breast will be excessive. The differences between doses averages from TLD system and dosimeter with ionization chamber are less than 10%. TLD system is a good option for average glandular dose measurement. (Author)

Dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography.

Science.gov (United States)

Travieso Aja, M M; Rodríguez Rodríguez, M; Alayón Hernández, S; Vega Benítez, V; Luzardo, O P

2014-01-01

The degree of vascularization in breast lesions is related to their malignancy. For this reason, functional diagnostic imaging techniques have become important in recent years. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography is a new, apparently promising technique in breast cancer that provides information about the degree of vascularization of the lesion in addition to the morphological information provided by conventional mammography. This article describes the state of the art for dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography. Based on 15 months' clinical experience, we illustrate this review with clinical cases that allow us to discuss the advantages and limitations of this technique. Copyright © 2014 SERAM. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Quality control of mammography departments in Slovakia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horvathova, M.; Nikodemova, D.

2007-01-01

Complete test of publication follows. Considering the fact that mammary gland is the most sensitive organ to ionizing radiation, the Commission of the Ministry of Health of SR for QA in radiology organized a pilot two-run country wide audit conducted in 42 mammography departments that have met the beforehand criteria. During the audit the methods for establishing the individual parameters in technical and clinical part of quality assurance in mammography were elaborated and implemented. Technical and clinical parameters of the imaging process that mostly affect the quality of diagnostic information were followed up. These parameters included: the object thickness compensation, optical density deviation, evaluation of the film quality by means of special phantom, etc. Important measurement of ESDs at participating departments enabled to compare the radiation load of mammography patients in Slovakia with reference values in European guidelines. The uniform standard method for QA at mammography departments was elaborated and published as the regulation of the Ministry of Health for performance of preventive mammography examinations in SR. The presented results show the improved quality of mammography examinations due to regular check-ups of technical and clinical parameters and fulfilment of the required values in all parameters. The audit results are the basis for continuous quality assessment of mammography departments as a main prerequisite for conducting preventive examinations and for health insurance purposes.

Digitalisierung als Inkubator für die Energieversorgung von morgen

Science.gov (United States)

Arnold, Christian; Postina, Matthias

Neue Treiber der Digitalisierung bestimmen die Geschicke der etablierten Unternehmen im Energiebereich, dabei haben diese in vielen Fällen noch nicht einmal adäquat auf die altbekannten Treiber der Energiewende reagiert. Eine ganze Branche ist im Umbruch, alte Erlösmodelle brechen ein und Einigkeit scheint bei den Verantwortlichen nur in der Frage zu herrschen, wie in Zukunft noch Geld verdient werden kann. Dieser Beitrag erklärt die prägenden Treiber der Veränderung, analysiert die Ausgangslage und nennt Herausforderungen der Branche. Darüber hinaus legt er den Fokus auf die Betrachtung der neuen digitalen Wertschöpfung. Dazu wird ein Modell eingeführt, welches von der klassischen Wertschöpfungskette über datenbasierte Geschäftsmodelle im Energiesystem bis hin zum Internet of Smart Services reicht. Mit dem Modell geben die Autoren gleichsam Einblick in das geplante Energiewendeprojekt enera.

‹Digitale Bildung› und die Genealogie digitaler Kultur: historiographische Skizzen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benjamin Jörissen

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Wenn Aspekte ‹Digitaler Kultur› und Effekte der ‹Digitalisierung› der Selbst- und Weltverhältnisse thematisiert werden – vom Selfie über das quantified Self zur Big Data – so geschieht dies meist unter der Perspektive emergenter medientechnologischer Brüche und Umbrüche von Kultur. Man findet entsprechend dort, wo überhaupt historische Perpektiven bemüht werden, vor allem technik-, medien- und kommunikationszentrierte Emergenznarrationen. Es stellt sich angesichts der enormen Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit der Digitalisierung jedoch die Frage nach ihren kulturellen Möglichkeitsbedingungen. Die offenkundig hohe Anschlussfähigkeit des Digitalen setzt auf – prinzipiell bekannten – kulturhistorischen Strukturbildungen auf, die ihm überhaupt erst ‹Bedeutung› geben können. Eine solche ‹Digitalisierung avant la technique› skizziert der Beitrag anhand dreier historischer Prozesslinien seit der Neuzeit – der Quantifizierung von Zahlverständnissen, der Organisation von ‹Wissen› im proto-datenbankförmigen Tableau und der Verknüpfung von Subjektivität und Sichtbarkeit.

Data on the cost-benefit analysis of mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zarand, P.; Pentek, Z.

1982-01-01

The radiation exposure and the cost per examination are compared in the case of three methods: non-screen film mammography, 10-dose mammography and xeromammography. 10-dose mammography results in the lowest radiation exposure whereas xeromammography has the lowest cost. (L.E.)

Advanced Breast Cancer as Indicator of Quality Mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaona, Enrique

2003-01-01

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the Mexican Republic. Mammography is the more important screening tool for detecting early breast cancer. Screening mammography involves taking x-rays from two views from each breast, typically from above (cranial-caudal view, CC) and from an oblique or angled view (mediolateral-oblique, MLO). The purpose of this study was to carry out an exploratory survey of the issue of patients with advanced breast cancer who have had a screening mammography. A general result of the survey is that 22.5% of all patients (102) with advanced breast cancer that participated in the study had previous screening mammography. But we should consider that 10% of breast cancers are not detected by mammography. Only 70% of the family doctors prescribed a diagnostic mammography when the first symptoms were diagnosed

Mammography Facilities

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services — The Mammography Facility Database is updated periodically based on information received from the four FDA-approved accreditation bodies: the American College of...

Film-Screen Mammography versus digital storage plate mammography: Hard copy and monitor display of microcalcifications and focal findings - A retrospective clinical and histologic analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulz-Wendtland, R.; Wenkel, E.; Aichinger, U.; Tartsch, M.; Kuchar, I.; Bautz, W.

2003-01-01

Purpose: A retrospective clinical-histological study to determine the diagnostic accuracy of mammography using conventional screen-film cassettes (hard copy), high-resolution digital phosphor storage plates (hard copy) and monitor display (soft copy) for microcalcifications and focal lesions (BI-RADS TM category 4 or 5). Materials and methods: From April to November 2001, 76 patients underwent conventional film-screen mammography and, after diagnosis and preoperative wire localization, digital mammography with the same exposure parameters. Five investigators retrospectively determined the diagnosis after the operation from randomly distributed mediolateral views (hard-copy reading) and from the monitor display (soft-copy reading). These results were correlated with the final histology. Results: The accuracy of conventional screen-film mammography, digital mammography and monitor-displayed mammography was 67%, 65% and 68% for all findings, (n = 76), 59%, 59% and 68% for microcalcifications (n = 44) and 75%, 72% and 63% for focal lesions (n = 32). The overall results showed no difference. Conclusions: Our findings indicate equivalence of conventional screen-film mammography, high-resolution digital phosphor storage plate mammography and monitor-displayed mammography. (orig.) [de

Computer assisted visualization of digital mammography images

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Funke, M.; Breiter, N.; Grabbe, E.; Netsch, T.; Biehl, M.; Peitgen, H.O.

1999-01-01

Purpose: In a clinical study, the feasibility of using a mammography workstation for the display and interpretation of digital mammography images was evaluated and the results were compared with the corresponding laser film hard copies. Materials and Methods: Digital phosphorous plate radiographs of the entire breast were obtained in 30 patients using a direct magnification mammography system. The images were displayed for interpretation on the computer monitor of a dedicated mammography workstation and also presented as laser film hard copies on a film view box for comparison. The images were evaluted with respect to the image handling, the image quality and the visualization of relevant structures by 3 readers. Results: Handling and contrast of the monitor displayed images were found to be superior compared with the film hard copies. Image noise was found in some cases but did not compromise the interpretation of the monitor images. The visualization of relevant structures was equal with both modalities. Altogether, image interpretation with the mammography workstation was considered to be easy, quick and confident. Conclusions: Computer-assisted visualization and interpretation of digital mammography images using a dedicated workstation can be performed with sufficiently high diagnostic accuracy. (orig.) [de

Investigation of actual conditions of mammography in Kagoshima prefecture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baba, Natsuki; Tanimoto, Eriko; Kobayashi, Yasuhiro; Kuma, Kouji

2009-01-01

We surveyed the actual conditions of mammography with regard to image quality and radiation dose at 44 facilities in Kagoshima prefecture in 1999. In April 2004, guidelines for mammography newly included the standard of digital mammography. From September to October 2005, the survey was conducted at 48 facilities, and the results of the survey were compared with that in 1999. We visited 44 of the 48 facilities, and visually evaluated the image quality of mammograms for RMI156 and clinical mammograms. In addition, we measured average mammary gland dose at each facility. The number of the mammography device that satisfied the specified guideline criterion was larger than that in 1999. Image quality for the RMI156 mammograms improved. However, the results of the present survey revealed several problems. First, the number of facilities that had quality control instruments for mammography are few. Second, radiological technologists, medical doctors, and nurses did not share knowledge or information regarding mammography. Finally, there were differences in devices and image quality for mammography among the facilities. We achieved an understanding of the actual conditions of mammography in Kagoshima prefecture by visiting many facilities, evaluating image quality, and communicating with many staff members. Our results may be useful for the development of mammography examinations. (author)

A comparison of digital mammography detectors and emerging technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diffey, J.L.

2015-01-01

The overall diagnostic accuracy of digital mammography in the context of screening has been shown to be similar or slightly better than screen-film mammography. However, digital mammography encompasses both Computed Radiography (CR) and integrated Digital Radiography (DR) and there is increasing evidence to suggest that differences in detector technology are associated with variations in cancer detection rate, dose and image quality. These differences are examined in detail. Although digital mammography offers many advantages compared to screen-film, there are still some limitations with its use as a screening tool and reduced cancer detection in dense breasts remains an issue. Digital mammography detectors have paved the way for emerging technologies which may offer improvements. Taking the definition of mammography to only include X-ray imaging of the breast, this article focuses on tomosynthesis, contrast-enhanced digital mammography, stereoscopic mammography and dedicated breast computed tomography. Advanced software applications such as Computed Aided Detection (CAD) and quantitative breast density assessment are also presented. The benefits and limitations of each technique are discussed. - Highlights: • Digital detector technology affects cancer detection rate, dose and image quality. • Digital detectors have facilitated new technologies such as tomosynthesis. • 3-D techniques reduce superimposition and increase cancer detection in dense breasts. • Contrast-enhanced mammography demonstrates improved sensitivity and specificity.

Update on new technologies in digital mammography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patterson SK

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Stephanie K Patterson, Marilyn A Roubidoux Division of Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Abstract: Despite controversy regarding mammography's efficacy, it continues to be the most commonly used breast cancer-screening modality. With the development of digital mammography, some improved benefit has been shown in women with dense breast tissue. However, the density of breast tissue continues to limit the sensitivity of conventional mammography. We discuss the development of some derivative digital technologies, primarily digital breast tomosynthesis, and their strengths, weaknesses, and potential patient impact. Keywords: screening mammography, breast cancer, contrast media, digital breast tomosynthesis

Radiographic techniques for digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horita, Katsuhei

2007-01-01

Since the differences in X-ray absorption between various breast tissues are small, a dedicated X-ray system for examination of the breast and a high-contrast, high-resolution screen/film system (SFM) (light-receiving system) are employed for X-ray diagnosis. Currently, however, there is a strong trend toward digital imaging in the field of general radiography, and this trend is also reflected in the field of mammographic examination. In fact, approximately 70% of facilities purchasing new mammography systems are now selecting a digital mammography system (DRM). Given this situation, this report reviews the differences between SFM and DRM and discusses the radiographic techniques and quality assurance procedures for digital mammography. (author)

Parkways und Freeways in der Bestimmung der Landschaft der Amerikanischen Grossstaedte. Der Fall Boston.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Massimo Maria Brignoli

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Die Tradition der amerikanischen Landschaftarchitektur hatt aus Boston ein Planungsexperiment gemacht. Das Emerald Necklace, eine echte Ikone der Landschaftsarchitektur, bezeugt immer noch wirkungsvoll, wie die Landschaftsplanung die Struktur moderner Grossstaedte mit Raum zum wohnen staerken kann. Heute muss die Stadt mit ihren von der Central Artery hervorgerufenen Wunden fertigwerden, mit Risultaten, die wahrscheinlich nicht der Groesse ihrer Geschichte entsprechen. Der teilweise Erfolg der Rose Kennedy Greenway macht die Notwendigkeit klar, die Regelung fuer die Planung der offenen Gebiete neu zu bestimmen.

Trimodel Mammography with Perfect Coregistration

Science.gov (United States)

2017-02-01

background, the major confounding factor in reading mammography; the imaging characteristics suggest that this contrast mechanism would be preferable...image with enhanced edges and reduced anatomical background, the major confounding factor in reading mammography; the imaging characteristics suggest...subjects, vertebrate animals , biohazards, and/or select agents Describe significant deviations, unexpected outcomes, or changes in approved protocols

Image Quality and Patient Dose Optimisation in Mammography in Slovakia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horvathova, M.; Nikodemova, D.; Prikazska, M.

2003-01-01

Breast cancer represents also in Slovakia the greatest cancer risk for women, with great incidence and mortality. Conventional film-screen mammography is still the primary breast imaging modality with increasing number of mammography units and mammography examinations. From the radiation protection point of view achievement of good practice in mammography department by implementation of quality assurance play an important role for reduction of patients doses. Introduction of QA needs trained and experienced staff and requires close collaboration between radiologists, medical physicist and radiographers. At the beginning of nineties at the Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine we started with a survey of mean glandular doses at 15 existing mammography units in the country. On the basis of a questionnaire in the year 1991 were performed 10 488 mammography examinations, where due to out of date mammography units the mean glandular dose reached more as 3 mGy. In the following years the claim to the modern mammography units kept growing and in the year 1999 the total number of 63 mammography units were operating in Slovakia providing about 101 471 mammography examinations. According to the alarming increase of the number of mammography examinations it is absolutely necessary to work out criteria and principles for Quality Control at mammography workplaces in our country and make it obligatory for the staff of all mammography units. Summarising the CRP results it can be stated that they: 1) Initiated the suggestion of unified QA/QC criteria in mammography and the urgent need to implement them into the national program of radiology image quality improvement; 2) Remitted on unhomogenity not only in the equipment outfit but also in the procedure of evaluation of the measured parameters and imaging quality; 3) Revealed the shortcomings in the everyday practice of mammography units which can be removed only by comprehensive by training of personal in imaging radiology

Mammography - recent technical developments and their clinical potential

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hemdal, Bengt; Mattsson, Soeren [Malmoe Univ. Hospital (Sweden). Dept. of Radiation Physics; Andersson, Ingvar [Malmoe Univ. Hospital (Sweden). Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology; Thilander Klang, Anne [Sahlgrenska Univ. Hospital, Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering; Bengtsson, Gert; Jarlman, O. [Lund Univ. Hospital (Sweden). Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology; Leitz, Wolfram [Swedish Radiation Protection Authority, Stockholm (Sweden); Bjurstam, Nils [Univ. of North Norway, Troms (Norway). Dept. of Radiology

2002-05-01

The recent technical developments in digital as well as screen-film X-ray mammography have been reviewed in order to evaluate their clinical potential and to analyse possible lines for future development. Material and methods: The scientific literature has been reviewed, conferences covered and contacts with colleagues developed. Companies in the field have been inquired and invited for presentations. Own experience has been gathered from different screen-film and digital mammography systems. Results and conclusions: Although there are important complementary techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray mammography is still the golden standard for breast imaging. It is relatively simple and cost-effective, and it is presently the only realistic technique for screening in a large scale. It is still largely the only technique that can detect breast cancer in a pre invasive stage. Equipment for digital mammography is commercially available both with small area and full field technique (FFDM). The development of FFDM systems is now intense, as well as the development of dedicated workstations and computer-aided detection (CAD). In spite of this, the introduction of digital mammography has been very slow compared to most other X-ray examinations due to high costs and technical challenges to meet the high demands on image quality and dose in mammography as well as the demands on specialised workflow support for screening mammography and suitable display techniques. Film reading of digital mammograms has been the most common display mode so far, but to take full advantage of the digital concept, diagnostic as well as logistic, monitor reading must be applied. There is a potential of FFDM systems for significantly higher image quality or significantly lower dose than screen-film mammography (SFM), or both. Further research is necessary to fully use this potential. The investment costs are much higher for digital than screen-film mammography

Mammography - recent technical developments and their clinical potential

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hemdal, Bengt; Mattsson, Soeren; Bjurstam, Nils

2002-05-01

The recent technical developments in digital as well as screen-film X-ray mammography have been reviewed in order to evaluate their clinical potential and to analyse possible lines for future development. Material and methods: The scientific literature has been reviewed, conferences covered and contacts with colleagues developed. Companies in the field have been inquired and invited for presentations. Own experience has been gathered from different screen-film and digital mammography systems. Results and conclusions: Although there are important complementary techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray mammography is still the golden standard for breast imaging. It is relatively simple and cost-effective, and it is presently the only realistic technique for screening in a large scale. It is still largely the only technique that can detect breast cancer in a pre invasive stage. Equipment for digital mammography is commercially available both with small area and full field technique (FFDM). The development of FFDM systems is now intense, as well as the development of dedicated workstations and computer-aided detection (CAD). In spite of this, the introduction of digital mammography has been very slow compared to most other X-ray examinations due to high costs and technical challenges to meet the high demands on image quality and dose in mammography as well as the demands on specialised workflow support for screening mammography and suitable display techniques. Film reading of digital mammograms has been the most common display mode so far, but to take full advantage of the digital concept, diagnostic as well as logistic, monitor reading must be applied. There is a potential of FFDM systems for significantly higher image quality or significantly lower dose than screen-film mammography (SFM), or both. Further research is necessary to fully use this potential. The investment costs are much higher for digital than screen-film mammography

Digital mammography: current state and future aspects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fischer, U.; Baum, F. [Womens Health Care Center Goettingen, Diagnostisches Brustzentrum Goettingen, Goettingen (Germany); Hermann, K.P. [Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Abteilung Diagnostische Radiologie, Goettingen (Germany)

2006-01-01

The introduction of digital technique in mammography has been the last step in completing the process of digitalization in diagnostic imaging. Meanwhile, some different digital techniques as well as a couple of different digital mammography systems were developed and have already been available for some years. In this review article, the relevant data of key studies are reported, the current status is defined, and perspectives of digital mammography are described. (orig.)

Mammography and breast sonography in transsexual women

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weyers, S.; Villeirs, G.; Vanherreweghe, E.; Verstraelen, H.; Monstrey, S.; Van den Broecke, R.; Gerris, J.

2010-01-01

Data on the necessity of performing screening mammographies in transsexual women are lacking. The main objective of this study was to assess the possibility to perform mammography and breast sonography in transsexual women. Fifty Dutch-speaking transsexual women were interviewed about the following: attitude towards mammography and breast sonography, importance attributed to and satisfaction with breast appearance, opinion about the necessity of breast check-up, expectations regarding discomfort during the exams and knowledge about the breast surgery. A fasting blood sample, clinical breast exam, mammography and breast sonography were performed. At mammography the following parameters were noted: density, technical quality, location of the prostheses, presence of any abnormalities and painfulness. At sonography the following parameters were recorded: density, presence of cysts, visualisation of retro-areolar ducts or any abnormalities. Twenty-three percent of patients are not aware of the type of breast implants and 79% do not know their position to the pectoral muscles. Patient satisfaction with the appearance of their breasts was rather high (7.94 on a scale of 0-10). Mean expected and experienced pain from mammography was low (4.37 and 2.00 respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in expected pain between those who already had mammography and those who did not. There was a significant positive correlation between the expected and the experienced pain. Mammography and breast sonography were technically feasible and no gross anomalies were detected. Since both exams were judged as nearly painless, 98% of transsexual women intended to come back if they would be invited. Since breast cancer risk in transsexual women is largely unknown and breast exams are very well accepted, breast screening habits in this population should not differ from those of biological women.

Mammography and breast sonography in transsexual women

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weyers, S., E-mail: steven.weyers@ugent.b [Department of Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium); Villeirs, G.; Vanherreweghe, E. [Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (Belgium); Verstraelen, H. [Department of Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium); Monstrey, S. [Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (Belgium); Van den Broecke, R.; Gerris, J. [Department of Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium)

2010-06-15

Data on the necessity of performing screening mammographies in transsexual women are lacking. The main objective of this study was to assess the possibility to perform mammography and breast sonography in transsexual women. Fifty Dutch-speaking transsexual women were interviewed about the following: attitude towards mammography and breast sonography, importance attributed to and satisfaction with breast appearance, opinion about the necessity of breast check-up, expectations regarding discomfort during the exams and knowledge about the breast surgery. A fasting blood sample, clinical breast exam, mammography and breast sonography were performed. At mammography the following parameters were noted: density, technical quality, location of the prostheses, presence of any abnormalities and painfulness. At sonography the following parameters were recorded: density, presence of cysts, visualisation of retro-areolar ducts or any abnormalities. Twenty-three percent of patients are not aware of the type of breast implants and 79% do not know their position to the pectoral muscles. Patient satisfaction with the appearance of their breasts was rather high (7.94 on a scale of 0-10). Mean expected and experienced pain from mammography was low (4.37 and 2.00 respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in expected pain between those who already had mammography and those who did not. There was a significant positive correlation between the expected and the experienced pain. Mammography and breast sonography were technically feasible and no gross anomalies were detected. Since both exams were judged as nearly painless, 98% of transsexual women intended to come back if they would be invited. Since breast cancer risk in transsexual women is largely unknown and breast exams are very well accepted, breast screening habits in this population should not differ from those of biological women.

Evaluation of breast symptoms with mammography and ultrasonography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emine Devolli Disha

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Aim of the study was to discern which are more frequent symptoms presented in malign and benign masses diagnosed by mammography and ultrasonography.Methods: Our study group consisted of 546 female patients, with breast symptoms such as palpable lumps (40.8%, pain in the breast (26%, localized lumpiness or nodularity (13.7%, nipple retraction (11.2%, nipplebloody discharge (5.1% and redness and swelling of the breast (3.1%. All 546 patients were examined by ultrasonography and mammography. Biopsy was performed according to the findings of mammography and ultrasonography.Results: In breast cancer detection ultrasonography showed an efficiency of 79.4% compared to 55.0% for mammography in detecting breast lump, in the case of nipple retraction mammography showed an efficiency of 89.1% compared to 80.4% for ultrasound, while the lowest efficiency for mammography was in the cases with localized lumpiness or nodularity 17.1% compared to 45.7% for ultrasound. In detecting fibrocystic changes where the most common symptoms was pain, ultrasonography showed an efficiency of 99.3 % compared to 84.2 % for mammography.Conclusions: Our study confirmed that breast lumps are detectable in the majority of patients with breast cancer. The most frequent symptoms in patient with benign lesions were pain or localized discomfort. The diagnostic accuracy for carcinomas of the breast and for benign lesions according to symptoms was higher for ultrasound than for mammography.

Mammography accreditation program

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilcox, P.

1993-12-31

In the mid-1980`s, the movement toward the use of dedicated mammography equipment provided significant improvement in breast cancer detection. However, several studies demonstrated that this change was not sufficient to ensure optimal image quality at a low radiation dose. In particular, the 1985 Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends identified the wide variations in image quality and radiation dose, even from dedicated units. During this time period, the American Cancer Society (ACS) launched its Breast Cancer Awareness Screening Campaign. However, there were concerns about the ability of radiology to respond to the increased demand for optimal screening examinations that would result from the ACS program. To respond to these concerns, the ACS and the American College of Radiology (ACR) established a joint committee on mammography screening in 1986. After much discussion, it was decided to use the ACR Diagnostic Practice Accreditation Program as a model for the development of a mammography accreditation program. However, some constraints were required in order to make the program meet the needs of the ACS. This voluntary, peer review program had to be timely and cost effective. It was determined that the best way to address these needs would be to conduct the program by mail. Finally, by placing emphasis on the educational nature of the program, it would provide an even greater opportunity for improving mammographic quality. The result of this effort was that, almost six years ago, in May 1987, the pilot study for the ACR Mammography Accreditation Program (MAP) began, and in August of that year, the first applications were received. In November 1987, the first 3-year accreditation certificates were awarded.

Mammography accreditation program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilcox, P.

1993-01-01

In the mid-1980's, the movement toward the use of dedicated mammography equipment provided significant improvement in breast cancer detection. However, several studies demonstrated that this change was not sufficient to ensure optimal image quality at a low radiation dose. In particular, the 1985 Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends identified the wide variations in image quality and radiation dose, even from dedicated units. During this time period, the American Cancer Society (ACS) launched its Breast Cancer Awareness Screening Campaign. However, there were concerns about the ability of radiology to respond to the increased demand for optimal screening examinations that would result from the ACS program. To respond to these concerns, the ACS and the American College of Radiology (ACR) established a joint committee on mammography screening in 1986. After much discussion, it was decided to use the ACR Diagnostic Practice Accreditation Program as a model for the development of a mammography accreditation program. However, some constraints were required in order to make the program meet the needs of the ACS. This voluntary, peer review program had to be timely and cost effective. It was determined that the best way to address these needs would be to conduct the program by mail. Finally, by placing emphasis on the educational nature of the program, it would provide an even greater opportunity for improving mammographic quality. The result of this effort was that, almost six years ago, in May 1987, the pilot study for the ACR Mammography Accreditation Program (MAP) began, and in August of that year, the first applications were received. In November 1987, the first 3-year accreditation certificates were awarded

Efficacy of storage phosphor-based digital mammography in diagnosis of breast cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitahama, Hiroyuki

1991-01-01

The aim of this study is to present efficacy of storage phosphor-based digital mammography (CR-mammography) in diagnosis of breast cancer. Ninety-seven cases with breast cancer including 44 cases less than 2 cm in macroscopic size (t1 cases) were evaluated using storage phosphor-based digital mammography (2000 x 2510 pixels by 10 bits). Abnormal findings on CR-mammography were detected in 86 cases (88.7%) of 97 women with breast cancer. Sensitivity of CR-mammography was 88.7%. It was superior to that of film-screen mammography. On t1 breast cancer cases, sensitivity on CR-mammography was 88.6%. False negative rate in t1 breast cancer cases was reduced by image processing using CR-mammography. To evaluate microcalcifications, CR-mammograms and film-screen mammograms were investigated in 22 cases of breast cancer proven pathologically the existence of microcalcifications and 11 paraffin tissue blocks of breast cancer. CR-mammography was superior to film-screen mammography in recognizing of microcalcifications. As regards the detectability for the number and the shape of microcalcifications, CR-mammography was equivalent to film-screen mammography. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis by eight observers was performed for CR-mammography and film-screen mammography with 54 breast cancer patients and 54 normal cases. The detectability of abnormal findings of breast cancer on CR-mammography (ROC area=0.91) was better than that on film-screen mammography (ROC area=0.88) (p<0.05). Efficacy of storage phosphor-based digital mammography in diagnosis of breast cancer was discussed and demonstrated in this study. (author)

Prospective study aiming to compare 2D mammography and tomosynthesis + synthesized mammography in terms of cancer detection and recall. From double reading of 2D mammography to single reading of tomosynthesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Romero Martín, Sara; Raya Povedano, Jose Luis; Cara García, María; Santos Romero, Ana Luz; Pedrosa Garriguet, Margarita; Álvarez Benito, Marina

2018-06-01

To evaluate tomosynthesis compared with 2D-mammography in cancer detection and recalls in a screening-programme, and assess performing synthesized instead of 2D, and compare double reading of 2D with single reading of tomosynthesis. Women (age 50-69 years) participating in the screening-programme were included. 2D-mammography and tomosynthesis were performed. There were four reading models: 2D-mammography (first); 2D-mammography (second); tomosynthesis + synthesized (third); tomosynthesis + synthesized + 2D (fourth reading). Paired double reading of 2D (first+second) and tomosynthesis (third+fourth) were analysed. In 16,067 participants, there were 98 cancers and 1,196 recalls. Comparing double reading of 2D with single reading of tomosynthesis, there was an increase of 12.6 % in cancer detection with the third reading (p= 0.043) and 6.9 % with the fourth reading (p=0.210), and a decrease in recalls of 40.5 % (ptomosynthesis. Single reading of tomosynthesis plus synthesized increased cancer detection and decreased recalls compared with double reading 2D. 2D did not improve results when added to tomosynthesis. • Tomosynthesis increases cancer detection and decreases recall rates versus 2D mammography. • Synthesized-mammography avoids performing 2D, showing higher cancer detection. • Single reading of tomosynthesis + synthesized is feasible as a new practice.

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: comparison with conventional mammography and histopathology in 152 women.

Science.gov (United States)

Luczyńska, Elzbieta; Heinze-Paluchowska, Sylwia; Dyczek, Sonia; Blecharz, Pawel; Rys, Janusz; Reinfuss, Marian

2014-01-01

The goal of the study was to compare conventional mammography (MG) and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in preoperative women. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all participants provided informed consent. The study included 152 consecutive patients with 173 breast lesions diagnosed on MG or CESM. All MG examinations and consults were conducted in one oncology centre. Non-ionic contrast agent, at a total dose of 1.5 mL/kg body weight, was injected intravenous. Subsequently, CESM exams were performed with a mammography device, allowing dual-energy acquisitions. The entire procedure was done within the oncology centre. Images from low and high energy exposures were processed together and the combination provided an "iodine" image which outlined contrast up-take in the breast. MG detected 157 lesions in 150 patients, including 92 infiltrating cancers, 12 non-infiltrating cancers, and 53 benign lesions. CESM detected 149 lesions in 128 patients, including 101 infiltrating cancers, 13 non-infiltrating cancers, and 35 benign lesions. CESM sensitivity was 100% (vs. 91% for MG), specificity was 41% (vs. 15% for MG), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86 (vs. 0.67 for MG), and accuracy was 80% (vs. 65% for MG) for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Both MG and CESM overestimated lesion sizes compared to histopathology (p mammography.

Teaching atlas of mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tabar, L.; Dean, P.B.

1985-01-01

The illustrated case reports in this teaching atlas cover practically the entire range of possible pathological changes and are based on in-patient case material and 80,000 screening documents. The two basic approaches, - detection and analysis of changes -, are taught comprehensively and in great detail. A systematic procedure for analysing the mammographies, in order to detect even the very least changes, and its practical application is explained using mammographies showing unclear findings at first sight. A system of coordinates is presented which allows precise localisation of the changes. Exercises for practising the technique of identifying the pathological changes round up the methodolical chapters. Additional imaging technical enhancements and detail enlargements are of great help in interpreting the findings. The specific approach adopted for this teaching atlas is a 'reverse procedure', which leaves the beaten track and starts with analysing the mammographies and evaluating the radiographic findings, in order to finally derive the diagnosis. (orig./CB) [de

Mammography in women under 35

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panzarola, P.; Bellucci, M.C.

1991-01-01

The detection of breast cancer in women under 35 is quite an uncommon event, accounting only for 3.2-3.4% of all breast cancers. To determine the indications for mammography in women under 35, the authors correlated clinical, mammographic, and US findings with fine-needle aspiration/surgical biopsy and follow-up results in 1040 symptomatic women examined at the Center of Senology of the Istitute of Radiology - University of Perugia, Italy, from 1984 to June 1990. Of 1040 women, 482 (41.6%) had normal findings; benign disease was diagnosed in 558 (53.7%) cases, and malignant disease in 49 (4.7%). Mammography was very useful to diagnose malignancy in palpable breast lesions, as well as to suggest the need for biopsy, to detect metachronous cancer and to define lesion sizes. In inflammatory process - e.g., mastitis and abscesses - both mammography and US were capable as its remission after therapy. Galactography had a specific role in the evaluation of the mammary duct and demonstrated intraductal pathologic conditions. In the authors'experiences, mammography never showed occult breast cancers in women with no palpable breast lesions or hematic nipple discharge

Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography: Comparison with Conventional Mammography and Histopathology in 152 Women

OpenAIRE

Luczyńska, Elzbieta; Heinze-Paluchowska, Sylwia; Dyczek, Sonia; Blecharz, Pawel; Rys, Janusz; Reinfuss, Marian

2014-01-01

Objective The goal of the study was to compare conventional mammography (MG) and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in preoperative women. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all participants provided informed consent. The study included 152 consecutive patients with 173 breast lesions diagnosed on MG or CESM. All MG examinations and consults were conducted in one oncology centre. Non-ionic contrast agent, at a total dose of 1.5 mL/kg body...

Digital mammography in breast cancer screening: Evaluation and innovation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bluekens, A.M.J.

2015-01-01

With all other imaging modalities in radiology being digitised and conventional mammography being ready to phase out the transition to digital mammography was inevitable. This thesis describes the performance of digital screening mammography and the consequences of implementation in a

CONTRAST ENHANCED SPECTRAL MAMMOGRAPHY (CESM (REVIEW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. I. Rozhkova

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The problem of early diagnosis of a breast cancer is extremely actual. Growth of incidence at women from 19 to 39 years increased for 34% over the last 10 years. It defines need of acceleration of development and deployment of the latest technologies of identification of the earliest symptoms of diseases. The x-ray mammography is the conducting method among of all radiological methods of diagnostics. Nevertheless a number of restrictions of method reduces its efficiency. The technologies increasing informational content of x-ray mammography – the leading method of screening – due to use of artificial contrasting and advantages of digital technologies are constantly developed. In this review it is described works, in which the authors having clinical experience of application of CESM – contrastenhanced spectral mammography on representative group of women. Positive sides and restrictions of new technology in comparison with mammography, ultrasonography and MRT are shown in this article.

Heavy-ion mammography and breast cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fabrikant, J.I.; Tobias, C.A.; Capp, M.P.; Holley, W.R.; Woodruff, K.H.; Sickles, E.A.

1980-01-01

Heavy-ion radiography is a new diagnostic imaging technique developed in our laboratory that produces superior density resolution at low radiation doses. Heavy-ion mammography has now emerged as a low-dose, safe, reliable, noninvasive diagnostic radiological procedure that can quantitate and image very small differences in soft tissue densities in the breast tissues of patients with clinical breast disease. The improved density resolution of heavy-ion mammography over conventional X-ray mammography and breast xerography provides the potential of detecting small breast cancers of less than 1 cm diameter. The radiation dose to the breast from carbon-ion mammorgraphy is about 50 mrad or less, and can potentially be only a fraction of this level. The results of the present clinical trial in progress of heavy-ion mammography in 37 patients, thus far studied, are extremely encouraging, and warrant continued study for application to the early diagnosis of breast cancer in women

Pain and discomfort during mammography

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aro, A R; Absetz-Ylöstalo, P; Eerola, T

1996-01-01

was the most powerful factor explaining pain and discomfort among women with earlier mammography. However, it had no effect among women without earlier mammography, for whom screening-related nervousness and perceptions of staff were crucial. Suggested interventions include better information before screening......The aim of this prospective study was to investigate associations of mammography pain and discomfort with sociodemographics, personal history and psychological and situational factors. Subjects were women with a negative screening finding (n = 883) from a random sample of 50-year-old Finnish women...... attending their first breast cancer screening. Questionnaires were sent 1 month before the screening invitation and 2 months after screening. Sixty-one per cent reported painful and 59% uncomfortable mammograms (4% severely). Linear regression analyses showed that anticipation of pain and discomfort...

Mammography quality assurance in Morocco

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaoui, F.; Talsmat, K.; Lalaoui, K.

2001-01-01

The 'Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucleaires' (CNESTEN) realised, from February 1999 to March 2000, a quality control of 41 mammography facilities in Morocco. The protocol and standards adopted for achieving the control of elements constituting the mammography chain are those elaborated by GIM and Qualix association. Statistics and conformities results are presented. The program was performed in order to demonstrate to the practitioners in mammography field, the utility and necessity to have a national quality assurance policy. The main objective of CNESTEN is to be accredited by the Moroccan government as a reference laboratory in quality control and dose evaluation in medical imaging and radiotherapy. To achieve this goal the CNESTEN has set up Medical Physic Unit well trained and equipped with the necessary instruments. (author)

Breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis in combination with digital mammography.

Science.gov (United States)

Friedewald, Sarah M; Rafferty, Elizabeth A; Rose, Stephen L; Durand, Melissa A; Plecha, Donna M; Greenberg, Julianne S; Hayes, Mary K; Copit, Debra S; Carlson, Kara L; Cink, Thomas M; Barke, Lora D; Greer, Linda N; Miller, Dave P; Conant, Emily F

2014-06-25

Mammography plays a key role in early breast cancer detection. Single-institution studies have shown that adding tomosynthesis to mammography increases cancer detection and reduces false-positive results. To determine if mammography combined with tomosynthesis is associated with better performance of breast screening programs in the United States. Retrospective analysis of screening performance metrics from 13 academic and nonacademic breast centers using mixed models adjusting for site as a random effect. Period 1: digital mammography screening examinations 1 year before tomosynthesis implementation (start dates ranged from March 2010 to October 2011 through the date of tomosynthesis implementation); period 2: digital mammography plus tomosynthesis examinations from initiation of tomosynthesis screening (March 2011 to October 2012) through December 31, 2012. Recall rate for additional imaging, cancer detection rate, and positive predictive values for recall and for biopsy. A total of 454,850 examinations (n=281,187 digital mammography; n=173,663 digital mammography + tomosynthesis) were evaluated. With digital mammography, 29,726 patients were recalled and 5056 biopsies resulted in cancer diagnosis in 1207 patients (n=815 invasive; n=392 in situ). With digital mammography + tomosynthesis, 15,541 patients were recalled and 3285 biopsies resulted in cancer diagnosis in 950 patients (n=707 invasive; n=243 in situ). Model-adjusted rates per 1000 screens were as follows: for recall rate, 107 (95% CI, 89-124) with digital mammography vs 91 (95% CI, 73-108) with digital mammography + tomosynthesis; difference, -16 (95% CI, -18 to -14; P tomosynthesis; difference, 1.3 (95% CI, 0.4-2.1; P = .004); for cancer detection, 4.2 (95% CI, 3.8-4.7) with digital mammography vs 5.4 (95% CI, 4.9-6.0) with digital mammography + tomosynthesis; difference, 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8-1.6; P tomosynthesis; difference, 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8-1.6; P tomosynthesis was associated with an increase

TL dosimetry for quality control of CR mammography imaging systems

Science.gov (United States)

Gaona, E.; Nieto, J. A.; Góngora, J. A. I. D.; Arreola, M.; Enríquez, J. G. F.

The aim of this work is to estimate the average glandular dose with thermoluminescent (TL) dosimetry and comparison with quality imaging in computed radiography (CR) mammography. For a measuring dose, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) use a phantom, so that dose and image quality are assessed with the same test object. The mammography is a radiological image to visualize early biological manifestations of breast cancer. Digital systems have two types of image-capturing devices, full field digital mammography (FFDM) and CR mammography. In Mexico, there are several CR mammography systems in clinical use, but only one system has been approved for use by the FDA. Mammography CR uses a photostimulable phosphor detector (PSP) system. Most CR plates are made of 85% BaFBr and 15% BaFI doped with europium (Eu) commonly called barium flourohalideE We carry out an exploratory survey of six CR mammography units from three different manufacturers and six dedicated X-ray mammography units with fully automatic exposure. The results show three CR mammography units (50%) have a dose greater than 3.0 mGy without demonstrating improved image quality. The differences between doses averages from TLD system and dosimeter with ionization chamber are less than 10%. TLD system is a good option for average glandular dose measurement for X-rays with a HVL (0.35-0.38 mmAl) and kVp (24-26) used in quality control procedures with ACR Mammography Accreditation Phantom.

Radiogenic breast cancer risk and mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jayaprakash, Shobha; Nair, C.P.R.; Rao, B.S.; Sawant, S.G.

2001-01-01

There is a general concern that the risks from mammography screening in inducting radiogenic breast cancer may outweigh the possible benefits to be derived from it. A review of epidemiological, case-control and cohort studies of radiogenic breast cancer, age-specific incidence and dose and dose-rate relationship reveals that such a fear is unfounded. The dose to the breast tissues in a quality assured mammography screening programme falls far below the levels that were observed to produce increased relative risk. The age-specific incidence rates also indicate that the need for mammography is for the women of age at which the relative risk is minimum

Synthese von analogen Filtern auf einer rekonfigurierbaren Hardware-Architektur mittels eines Genetischen Algorithmus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Trendelenburg

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Rekonfigurierbare Analog-Arrays (FPAAs sind der Versuch, die Vorteile der aus der digitalen Welt bekannten FPGAs (Flexibilität, Entwurfsgeschwindigkeit auch für analoge Anwendungen verfügbar zu machen. Aufgrund der Vielfalt der analogen Schaltungstechnik ist die Abbildung von vorgegebenen Schaltungskonzepten auf eine FPAA-Architektur nicht immer einfach lösbar.

Diese Arbeit stellt einen neuen Ansatz für die Synthese von Filtern auf einer FPAA-Architektur für zeitkontinuierliche Analogfilter mittels eines Genetischen Algorithmus (GA vor. Anhand eines Matlab-Modells des FPAA, das eine gute übereinstimmung mit Simulationen des FPAA auf Transistorebene aufweist, wurde gezeigt, dass eine große Vielzahl verschiedener Filterstrukturen auf dieser Architektur dargestellt werden kann. Daraufhin wurde ein Genetischer Algorithmus entwickelt, der es erlaubt, aus einer gegebenen Filterspezifikation Konfigurationsdatensätze zu synthetisieren, die den gewünschten Filter auf die FPAA-Architektur abbilden.

A study of some technical essentials of X-ray mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao Houde; Jiang Qin

2000-01-01

Objective: To improve the quality of mammography and diagnostic accuracy by analyzing and studying some of the technical essentials of X-ray mammography. Methods: The mammography quality of 21 hospitals were investigated. The image quality of normal intensifying screen-film combination was tested and compared with computerized mammography. The filming positions and operating skills were studied. Results: The important mammography details that were displayed have low conformity with the diagnostic requirements, mainly due to non-conformity of these equipment to the requirements. The optimal pressure suitable for mammography of the Chinese women was around 12 kg. Conclusion: Necessary attention must be paid to the improvement of imaging features of these equipment. The improved operating skills will greatly raise the detecting percentage of pathological changes of breasts

Average glandular dose in routine mammography screening using a Sectra Microdose Mammography unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hemdal, B.; Herrnsdorf, L.; Andersson, I.; Bengtsson, G.; Heddson, B.; Olsson, M.

2005-01-01

The Sectra MicroDose Mammography system is based on direct photon counting (with a solid-state detector), and a substantially lower dose to the breast than when using conventional system can be expected. In this work absorbed dose measurements have been performed for the first unit used in routine mammography screening (at the Hospitals of Helsingborg (Sweden)). Two European protocols on dosimetry in mammography have been followed. Measurement of half value layer (HVL) cannot be performed as prescribed, but this study has demonstrated than non-invasive measurements of HVL can be performed accurately with a sensitive and well collimated solid-state detector with simultaneous correction for the energy dependence. The average glandular dose for a 50 mm standard breast with 50% glandularity, simulated by 45 mm polymethylmethacrylate, was found to be 0.21 and 0.28 mGy in March and December 2004, respectively. These values are much lower than for any other mammography system on the market today. It has to be stressed that the measurement were made using the current clinical settings and that no systematic optimisation of the relationship between absorbed dose and diagnostic image quality has been performed within the present study. In order to further increase the accuracy of absorbed dose measurements for this unit, the existing dose protocols should be revised to account also for the tungsten/aluminium anode/filter combination, the multi-slit pre-collimator device and the occurrence of a dose profile in the scanning direction. (authors)

Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography: Comparison with Conventional Mammography and Histopathology in 152 Women

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luczyńska, Elzbieta; Heinze-Paluchowska, Sylwia; Dyczek, Sonia [Department of Radiology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow 31-115 (Poland); Blecharz, Pawel [Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow 31-115 (Poland); Rys, Janusz [Department of Tumour Pathology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow 31-115 (Poland); Reinfuss, Marian [Department of Radiotherapy, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow 31-115 (Poland)

2014-07-01

The goal of the study was to compare conventional mammography (MG) and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in preoperative women. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all participants provided informed consent. The study included 152 consecutive patients with 173 breast lesions diagnosed on MG or CESM. All MG examinations and consults were conducted in one oncology centre. Non-ionic contrast agent, at a total dose of 1.5 mL/kg body weight, was injected intravenous. Subsequently, CESM exams were performed with a mammography device, allowing dual-energy acquisitions. The entire procedure was done within the oncology centre. Images from low and high energy exposures were processed together and the combination provided an 'iodine' image which outlined contrast up-take in the breast. MG detected 157 lesions in 150 patients, including 92 infiltrating cancers, 12 non-infiltrating cancers, and 53 benign lesions. CESM detected 149 lesions in 128 patients, including 101 infiltrating cancers, 13 non-infiltrating cancers, and 35 benign lesions. CESM sensitivity was 100% (vs. 91% for MG), specificity was 41% (vs. 15% for MG), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86 (vs. 0.67 for MG), and accuracy was 80% (vs. 65% for MG) for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Both MG and CESM overestimated lesion sizes compared to histopathology (p < 0.001). CESM may provide higher sensitivity for breast cancer detection and greater diagnostic accuracy than conventional mammography.

Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography: Comparison with Conventional Mammography and Histopathology in 152 Women

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luczyńska, Elzbieta; Heinze-Paluchowska, Sylwia; Dyczek, Sonia; Blecharz, Pawel; Rys, Janusz; Reinfuss, Marian

2014-01-01

The goal of the study was to compare conventional mammography (MG) and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in preoperative women. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all participants provided informed consent. The study included 152 consecutive patients with 173 breast lesions diagnosed on MG or CESM. All MG examinations and consults were conducted in one oncology centre. Non-ionic contrast agent, at a total dose of 1.5 mL/kg body weight, was injected intravenous. Subsequently, CESM exams were performed with a mammography device, allowing dual-energy acquisitions. The entire procedure was done within the oncology centre. Images from low and high energy exposures were processed together and the combination provided an 'iodine' image which outlined contrast up-take in the breast. MG detected 157 lesions in 150 patients, including 92 infiltrating cancers, 12 non-infiltrating cancers, and 53 benign lesions. CESM detected 149 lesions in 128 patients, including 101 infiltrating cancers, 13 non-infiltrating cancers, and 35 benign lesions. CESM sensitivity was 100% (vs. 91% for MG), specificity was 41% (vs. 15% for MG), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86 (vs. 0.67 for MG), and accuracy was 80% (vs. 65% for MG) for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Both MG and CESM overestimated lesion sizes compared to histopathology (p < 0.001). CESM may provide higher sensitivity for breast cancer detection and greater diagnostic accuracy than conventional mammography

Der Fachbereich Fertigungstechnik der Zukunft

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alting, Leo

1998-01-01

Forscher sowie für eine industrielle Zusammenarbeit/Beratung eine attraktive Umgebung zu bieten.Im vorliegenden Papier wird ein internes Entwicklungsprojekt, genannt "Der Fachberich der Zukunft", beschrieben. Ausgehend von den Bedürfnissen und Erwartungen der Kunden (Studierende, Einrichtungen der...

Quality control in digital mammography: the noise components

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leyton, Fernando [Universidade de Tarapaca, Arica (Chile). Centro de Estudios en Ciencias Radiologicas; Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Nogueira, Maria do Socorro, E-mail: mnogue@cdtn.b [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Duran, Maria Paz [Clinica Alemana, Santiago (Chile). Dept. de Radiologia; Dantas, Marcelino, E-mail: marcelino@inb.gov.b [Industrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB), Caldas, MG (Brazil). Unidade de Tratamento de Minerios; Ubeda, Carlos, E-mail: cubeda@uta.c [Universidade de Tarapaca, Arica (Chile). Fac. de Ciencias de la Salud

2011-07-01

To measure the linearity of the detector and determine the noise components (quantum, electronic and structural noise) that contributed to losing image quality and to determine the signal noise ratio (SNR) and contrast noise ratio (CNR). This paper describes the results of the implementation of a protocol for quality control in digital mammography performed in two direct digital mammography equipment (Hologic, Selenia) in Santiago of Chile. Shows the results of linearity and noise analysis of the images which establishes the main cause of noise in the image of the mammogram to ensure the quality and optimize procedures. The study evaluated two digital mammography's Selenia, Hologic (DR) from Santiago, Chile. We conducted the assessment of linearity of the detector, the signal noise ratio, contrast noise ratio and was determined the contribution of different noise components (quantum, electronics and structural noise). Used different thicknesses used in clinical practice according to the protocol for quality control in digital mammography of Spanish society of medical physics and NHSBSP Equipment Report 0604 Version 3. The Selenia mammography software was used for the analysis of images and Unfors Xi detector for measuring doses. The mammography detector has a linear performance, the CNR and SNR did not comply with the Protocol for the thicknesses of 60 and 70 mm. The main contribution of the noise corresponds to the quantum noise, therefore it is necessary to adjust and optimize the mammography system. (author)

Quality control in digital mammography: the noise components

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leyton, Fernando; Nogueira, Maria do Socorro; Duran, Maria Paz; Dantas, Marcelino; Ubeda, Carlos

2011-01-01

To measure the linearity of the detector and determine the noise components (quantum, electronic and structural noise) that contributed to losing image quality and to determine the signal noise ratio (SNR) and contrast noise ratio (CNR). This paper describes the results of the implementation of a protocol for quality control in digital mammography performed in two direct digital mammography equipment (Hologic, Selenia) in Santiago of Chile. Shows the results of linearity and noise analysis of the images which establishes the main cause of noise in the image of the mammogram to ensure the quality and optimize procedures. The study evaluated two digital mammography's Selenia, Hologic (DR) from Santiago, Chile. We conducted the assessment of linearity of the detector, the signal noise ratio, contrast noise ratio and was determined the contribution of different noise components (quantum, electronics and structural noise). Used different thicknesses used in clinical practice according to the protocol for quality control in digital mammography of Spanish society of medical physics and NHSBSP Equipment Report 0604 Version 3. The Selenia mammography software was used for the analysis of images and Unfors Xi detector for measuring doses. The mammography detector has a linear performance, the CNR and SNR did not comply with the Protocol for the thicknesses of 60 and 70 mm. The main contribution of the noise corresponds to the quantum noise, therefore it is necessary to adjust and optimize the mammography system. (author)

Implementation of Quality Control Protocol in Mammography: A Serbian Experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciraj Bjelac, O.; Kosutic, D.; Arandjic, D.; Kovacevic, M.

2008-01-01

Mammography is method of choice for early detection of breast cancer. In Serbia, mammography is performed only clinically, although there is a long term plan to introduce mammography as screening method. Currently there are 60 mammography units in practice in Serbia, resulting with 70 000 mammographies annually. The purpose of this paper is preliminary evaluation of the mammography practice in Serbia, having in mind the annual number of examinations and fact that part of examination is performed on women without any clinical signs. For pilot implementation of Quality Control (QC) protocol in mammography, five hospitals with highest workload have been selected, representing the typical mammography practice in Serbia. Developed QC protocol, based on European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis, actual practice and resources, includes equipment testing and maintenance, staff training and QC management and allocation of responsibilities. Subsequently, it should be applied on the national scale. The survey demonstrated considerable variations in technical parameters that affect image quality and patients doses. Mean glandular doses ranged from 0.12 to 2.8 mGy, while reference optical density ranged from 1.2 to 2.8. Main problems were associated with film processing, viewing conditions and optical density control. The preliminary survey of mammography practice highlighted the need for optimization of radiation protection and training of operating staff, although the survey itself was very valuable learning process for all participants. Furthermore, systematic implementation of QC protocol should provide reliable performance of mammography units and maintain satisfactory image quality and keep patient doses as low as reasonably practical.(author)

Descriptive study of the quality control in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaona, E.; Perdigon C, G.M.; Casian C, G.A.; Azorin N, J.; Diaz G, J.A.I.; Arreola, M.

2005-01-01

The goal of mammography is to provide contrast between a lesion that is possible residing within the breast and normal surrounding tissue. Quality control is essential for maintaining the contrast imaging performance of a mammography system and incorporate tests that are relevant in that they are predictive of future degradation of contrast imaging performance. These tests will also be done at frequency that is high enough to intercept most drifts in quality imaging or performance before they become diagnostically significant. The quality control study has as objective to describe the results of the assessment of quality imaging elements (film optical density, contrast (density difference), uniformity, resolution and noise) of 62 mammography departments without quality control program and comparison these results with a mammography reference department with a quality control program. When comparing the results they allow seeing the clinical utility of to have a quality control program to reduce the errors of mammography interpretation. (Author)

Digital announcements from data carrier exchange to telecommunication; Digitale Ausschreibungen; vom Datentraegeraustausch zur Telekommunikation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markert, H. [MW Software GmbH, Koeln (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 7 of the anthology about building control digital announcements are described ranging from data carrier exchange to telecommunication. The following aspects are discussed: Exchange of texts and prices as well of service lists and offers, telecommunication software, costs of communication, comparison of paper, disk and telecommunication. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 7 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Thema der digitalen Ausschreibung gewidmet, reichend vom Datentraegeraustausch zur Telekommunikation. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf folgende Themen eingegangen: Austausch von Texten und Preisen sowie von Leistungsverzeichnissen und Angeboten; Telekommunikations-Software; Kosten der Kommunikation sowie Vergleich Papier - Diskette - Telekommunikation. (BWI)

Mammography calibration qualities establishment in a Mo-Mo clinical system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Correa, E.L.; Santos, L.R. dos; Vivolo, V.; Potiens, M.P.A.

2015-01-01

In this study the mammography calibration qualities were established in a clinical mammography system. The objective is to provide the IPEN instruments calibration laboratory with both mammography calibration methods (using a clinical and an industrial system). The results showed a good behavior of mammography equipment, in terms of kVp, PPV and exposure time. The additional filtration of molybdenum is adequate, air-kerma rates were determined and spectra were obtained. (author)

Mammography calibration qualities establishment in a Mo-Mo clinical system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Correa, E.L.; Santos, L.R. dos; Vivolo, V.; Potiens, M.P.A., E-mail: educorrea1905@gmail.com [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleres (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2015-07-01

In this study the mammography calibration qualities were established in a clinical mammography system. The objective is to provide the IPEN instruments calibration laboratory with both mammography calibration methods (using a clinical and an industrial system). The results showed a good behavior of mammography equipment, in terms of kVp, PPV and exposure time. The additional filtration of molybdenum is adequate, air-kerma rates were determined and spectra were obtained. (author)

Mammography parameters: compression, dose, and discomfort

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blanco, S.; Di Risio, C.; Andisco, D.; Rojas, R.R.; Rojas, R.M.

2017-01-01

Objective: To confirm the importance of compression in mammography and relate it to the discomfort expressed by the patients. Materials and methods: Two samples of 402 and 268 mammographies were obtained from two diagnostic centres that use the same mammographic equipment, but different compression techniques. The patient age range was from 21 to 50 years old. (authors) [es

Performance of clinical mammography: a nationwide study from Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Allan; Vejborg, Ilse; Severinsen, Niels

2006-01-01

that clinical mammography worked best in patient populations of purely symptomatic women. Our data indicate that to increase the accuracy of clinical mammography at the community level, the presence of an experienced radiologist should be prioritized ahead of raising the clinic size.......Clinical mammography is the key tool for breast cancer diagnosis, but little is known about the impact of the organisational set-up on the performance. We evaluated whether organisational factors influence the performance of clinical mammography. Clinical mammography data from all clinics...... in Denmark in the year 2000 were collected and linked to cancer outcome. Use of the National Institute of Radiation Hygiene register for identification of radiology clinics ensured comprehensive nationwide registration. We used the final mammographic assessment at the end of the imaging work-up to determine...

Mammography screening services: market segments and messages.

Science.gov (United States)

Scammon, D L; Smith, J A; Beard, T

1991-01-01

Mammography has become a vital tool for the early detection of breast cancer. Although many organizations and health care facilities are working to educate and motivate women to take advantage of the life saving opportunity that is offered through screening mammography, only twenty percent of women who should be screened actually have the procedure performed. In order to reach women who have not been screened, it is important to learn which factors most strongly motivate those women who do choose to have a mammogram. Depth interviews with 18 women attending a mobile mammography unit were conducted to explore the decision making process of women obtaining mammography screening services and to develop a profile of prevalent emotions, attitudes, and feelings associated with receiving breast cancer screening services. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed several important themes to which health care professionals can direct marketing and health promotion strategies.

Quality control tests for conventional mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dawod, Alnazer Ahmed Ibrahim

2014-12-01

Mammography is this the test that allows the radiologist to look at images of the inside of the breasts. Mammograms help detect breast cancer early successful treatment of breast cancer depends on that early diagnosis. Breast cancer is a very common condition. About one in every nine women develops breast cancer by the age of eighty. In addition to the clinical examination and self-examination, mammography plays important role in the detection of breast cancer before they become clinically visible tumors. The mammography is the most common test for early detection of breast cancer. Quality control techniques that done ensured importance of this programme to produce images with good diagnostic values and help radiologist to diagnose breast discase easily and avoid exposing patient to radiation hazards.(Author)

Reproducibility of Mammography Units, Film Processing and Quality Imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaona, Enrique

2003-01-01

The purpose of this study was to carry out an exploratory survey of the problems of quality control in mammography and processors units as a diagnosis of the current situation of mammography facilities. Measurements of reproducibility, optical density, optical difference and gamma index are included. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the Mexican Republic. Mammography is a radiographic examination specially designed for detecting breast pathology. We found that the problems of reproducibility of AEC are smaller than the problems of processors units because almost all processors fall outside of the acceptable variation limits and they can affect the mammography quality image and the dose to breast. Only four mammography units agree with the minimum score established by ACR and FDA for the phantom image

Mammography: an update of the EUSOBI recommendations on information for women.

Science.gov (United States)

Sardanelli, Francesco; Fallenberg, Eva M; Clauser, Paola; Trimboli, Rubina M; Camps-Herrero, Julia; Helbich, Thomas H; Forrai, Gabor

2017-02-01

This article summarises the information to be offered to women about mammography. After a delineation of the aim of early diagnosis of breast cancer, the difference between screening mammography and diagnostic mammography is explained. The need to bring images and reports from the previous mammogram (and from other recent breast imaging examinations) is highlighted. Mammography technique and procedure are described with particular attention to discomfort and pain experienced by a small number of women who undergo the test. Information is given on the recall during a screening programme and on the request for further work-up after a diagnostic mammography. The logic of the mammography report and of classification systems such as R1-R5 and BI-RADS is illustrated, and brief but clear information is given about the diagnostic performance of the test, with particular reference to interval cancers, i.e., those cancers that are missed at screening mammography. Moreover, the breast cancer risk due to radiation exposure from mammography is compared to the reduction in mortality obtained with the test, and the concept of overdiagnosis is presented with a reliable estimation of its extent. Information about new mammographic technologies (tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography) is also given. Finally, frequently asked questions are answered. • Direct digital mammography should be preferred to film-screen or phosphor plates. • Screening (in asymptomatic women) should be distinguished from diagnosis (in symptomatic women). • A breast symptom has to be considered even after a negative mammogram. • Digital breast tomosynthesis increases cancer detection and decreases the recall rate. • Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography can help in cancer detection and lesion characterisation.

Workflow improvement and efficiency gain with near digitalization of a Radiology Department; Workflowverbesserung und Effizienzsteigerungsaspekte durch nahezu vollstaendige Digitalisierung einer Roentgenabteilung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Langen, H.L.; Bielmeier, J.; Selbach, R. [Missionsaerztlichen Klinik Wuerzburg (Germany). Radiologische Abteilung; Wittenberg, G. [Univ. Wuerzburg (Germany). Inst. fuer Roentgendiagnostik; Feustel, H. [Missionsaerztlichen Klinik Wuerzburg (Germany). Chirurgische Abteilung

2003-10-01

Purpose: To determine the temporal changes of the workflow caused by digitalization of the radiology department after installation of digital luminescence-radiography (DLR), a radiology information system (RIS) and picture archiving and communication system (PACS) at the Missionsaerztliche Klinik in April 2000. Materials and methods: In a comparative study, a workflow analysis by manual registration of different work steps was performed before (1999) and after (2001) digitalization of a radiology department. Results: The digitalization shortened the examination time for patients from a mean of 8 min to 5 min. The time the patient is absent from the emergency room did not change. Reporting radiographic examinations including comparison with previous studies begins earlier from a mean of 2 h 37 min to 17 min. Using PACS, 85.9% of all cases could be interpreted on the day of the examination (without PACS 41.2%) and 87.2% of the reports were completed the day after the examination (without PACS 64.5%). No time differences were found between reading conventional studies on the monitor or as soft-copy. Conclusion: Compared to conventional film-screen systems, complete digitalization of a radiology department is time saving at nearly all steps of the workflow, with expected positive effects on the workflow quality of the entire hospital. (orig.) [German] Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: An der Missionsaerztlichen Klinik folgte im April 2000 mit der Einfuehrung der digitalen Lumineszenzradiographie (DLR), eines radiologischen Informationssystems (RIS) und eines Bildarchivierungs- und Kommunkationssystems (PACS) die vollstaendige Digitalisierung der Roentgenabteilung. Die durch diese Umstellung bedingten zeitlichen Veraenderungen der Prozessablaeufe in der Roentgenabteilung wurden untersucht. Material und Methode: In Form einer Vorher-Nachher-Studie wurde 1999 im konventionellen und 2001 im digitalen Routinebetrieb anhand von Analysen der Prozessablaeufe eine manuelle

Gratis Online Lernen – 100 Empfehlungen und mehr von Lehrenden für Lehrendea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angelika Güttl-Strahlhofer

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltungs­reihe "Open Air" lud die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Güttl/Krisper/Röthler im WS 14/15 LehrerInnen zum Besuch des MOOCs "Gratis Online Lernen" der steirischen Plattform iMooX ein. Elf TeilnehmerInnen waren bereit, im Anschluss an die Teilnahme am Kurs ihre Erkenntnisse in ein Gemeinschaftswerk einfließen zu lassen, dessen Entstehung in der digitalen Werkstatt koordiniert wurde (Adobe Connect und Moodle. Aus der Überzeugung heraus, dass das gemeinsame Besuchen eines solchen Online-Kurses nur ein Teil eines Lernerlebnisses sein kann und das gemeinsame Erarbeiten für die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer ein zusätzlicher Schritt zum Überblicken der schier unendlichen Angebotslandschaft darstellt. Diese diskutierten, entwickelten, verwarfen und evaluierten interessante Lernangebote. Vorbild war sowohl für den Entstehungsprozess als auch für das Ergebnis der Schummelzettel "Urheberrecht und OER". http://www.virtuelle-ph.at/mod/page/view.php?id=32645.

Mammography practices for radiation protection in Kenya

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shadrack, Anthony K.

2008-01-01

All mammography units in the country, totaling fourteen in number at the time, were evaluated on the basis of performance and practice to come up with useful data for summing up the mammography practice in Kenya. The study was carried out by performing hands-on quality control tests on the units using internationally established protocols. Image quality and dose measurement data were generated in all the centers and clearly indicated that the practice of mammography, more so on optimization viewpoint is so much varied. A standard method was used to obtain these data by use of mammography accreditation phantom. Data from actual patients was also collected in three major centers in Nairobi. On the criteria used for evaluating phantom image quality, ten out of fourteen units did satisfy the set criterion. The average glandular dose was 2.79 mGy per cranio caudal (cc) view of the phantom and 3.27 mGy per cc view for the sampled patients. The internationally recommended dose level for such a view is 3.0 mGy. One worrying observation made was that most units failed on one of the easiest test of mammographic unit assembly. Of most concern was the lack of technique charts for the practice detailing the imaging parameters being employed for the procedure. Most centers do not take the servicing of equipment seriously and others merely ignore even the crucial issues of equipment performance like the automatic exposure control and viewing conditions of the reporting areas.The results of this study calls for the setting up of a programme of optimization of radiological protection in mammography using the experience of other countries that have put in place quality assurance programs, setting and adoption of Dose Reference Levels (DRLs) as part of Quality Assurance (QA). This practice needs an effective quality control program which should start with the selection of appropriate equipment for mammography and the use of qualified personnel including the radiologist, radiographer

3D-Master-Leitungssatz - Konzept zur Entwicklung von Leitungssätzen als 3D-Master in einem realistischen, vollständigen DMU-Modell

OpenAIRE

Neckenich, Jonas

2017-01-01

Die Fokussierung auf eine 3D-orientierte Produktentwicklung und einen durchgängigen 3D-Prozess wird in der heutigen Industrie immer wichtiger. Im Entwicklungsprozess des Kabelbaums trifft dabei die bauraumorientierte 3D-Entwicklung auf die produktorientierte 2D-Entwicklung. Die unsaubere Trennung zwischen bestehenden Definitionssystemen im heutigen Entwicklungsprozess führt dabei zu Datendiskrepanzen, Zeitverzug und Fehlern. Im Digital Mock-Up, welcher zur digitalen Absicherung des Fahrzeugs ...

Risks, radiation dose and image quality of mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menges, V.

1979-01-01

For some time to come, early detection of breast cancer will remain the only way to improve the therapeutical success. Mammography is an absolutely indispensible way to take advantage of this opportunity. Today, mammography is undoubtedly the most reliable method of examination for an early detection of breast cancer. Only mammography can detect carcinomas smaller than the critical tumour size of 1cm. If carried out properly and with present dose levels, it involves hardly any radiation risk. (orig.) [de

Computer-aided diagnosis in routine mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sittek, H.; Perlet, C.; Helmberger, R.; Linsmeier, E.; Kessler, M.; Reiser, M.

1998-01-01

Purpose: Computer-aided diagnosis in mammography is a topic many study groups have been concerned with since the first presentation of a system for computer-aided interpretation in 1967. Currently, there is only one system avilable for clinical use in mammography, the CAD-System Image Checker (R2 Technology). The purpose of our prospective study was to evaluate whether the integration of the CAD-system into the routine of a radiological breast diagnosis unit is feasible. Results: After the installation of the CAD-system, 300 patients with 1110 mammograms were included for evaluation in the present study. In 54 of these cases histological examination was indicated due to suspect criteria on conventional mammography. In 39 of 54 cases (72,2%) malignancy could be proven histologically. The CAD-system marked 82,1% of the histologically verified carcinomas correctly 94,3% of all 1797 marks made by the CAD-system indicated normal or benign structures. Routinely performed CAD analysis prolonged patients waiting time by about 15 min because the marks of the CAD system had to be interpreted in addition to the routine diagnostic investigations. Conclusion: Our experience with the use of the CAD-system in daily routine showed that CAD analysis can easily be integrated into a preexisting mammography unit. However, the diagnostic benefit is not yet clearly established. Since the rate of false negative marks by the CAD-system Image Checker is still high, the results of CAD analysis must be checked and corrected by an observer well experienced in mammography reading. (orig.) [de

Mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1975-01-01

This patent reveals a method and instrument for the detection and registration of breast cancer with the aid of X-radiation, i.e. mammography. The breast is irradiated with soft X-rays whereby the radiation beam is scanned with a moving 'stripform' screen and whereby the picture from the 'stripform' screen is recorded by a television camera that moves simultaneously with the strip. The image is then projected on a monitor

Wissensmanagementsysteme in Schulen oder: wie bringe ich Ordnung ins Chaos?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andreas Breiter

2002-11-01

Full Text Available Die zunehmende Ausstattung von Schulen mit digitalen Medien wird zu einer Herausforderung für die Organisationsentwicklung. Digitale Materialien der Lehrkräfte sowie Schülerarbeiten in digitalisierter Form wachsen tagtäglich an. Bisher fehlen geeignete organisatorische und technische Möglichkeiten zur Archivierung, Verteilung und Nutzung. In Unternehmen hat sich mit dem Begriff Wissensmanagement ein organsatorisches Konzept etabliert, das die Nutzung der Ressource Wissen optimieren will. Um diese Prozesse zu unterstützen, wurden und werden informations- und kommunikationstechnische Werkzeuge entwickelt, deren Übertragung auf den Schulbereich aufgrund dessen organisatorischer Komplexität aber scheitern muss. In diesem Beitrag werden diese Besonderheiten herausgestellt und die Erfahrungen mit der Entwicklung eines webbasierten Wissensmanagementsystems in Zusammenarbeit mit Schulen skizziert.

Mammography discomfort: a holistic perspective derived from women's experiences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poulos, Ann; Llewellyn, Gwynnyth

2005-01-01

Purpose: Mammography discomfort has the potential to deter women from attending for regular breast screening. Previous studies have focussed on the pain/discomfort of the mammography procedure itself. The purpose of this study was to consider discomfort from a holistic perspective of the mammography experience derived from the women themselves. Methods: Qualitative research methods were employed. Using theoretical sampling, 12 women who had recently experienced mammography were interviewed. The interview questions aimed to explore the experience of women attending for a mammogram from arrival to departure and beyond in order to identify aspects which potentially increase discomfort. Data analysis involved coding and categorisation and identification of key concepts and their relationships. Results: A conceptual framework was developed that demonstrates the contributors to mammography discomfort and the relationships between these as identified by the women. Conclusions: The conceptual framework has important implications for clinical practice and future research

Interdisciplinary group of mammography (IGM). Quality assurance in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1994-01-01

Assurance quality must be a preoccupation of each day in mammography. To be efficient and of low cost it must be discussed between radiologists and physicists; some countries like Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, United Kingdom, Scandinavia and Netherlands engaged actions to make assurance quality a daily practice

Analysis of mammography on breast fibroadenoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fu Xiaomin; Han Benyi; Zhao Yae

2009-01-01

Objective: To study the imaging characteristics of breast fibroadenoma on mammograms. Methods: Mammography of 70 patients with breast fibroadenoma confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. All patients took breast X-ray of mediolateral oblique projection and craniocaudal projection before operation. Results: In 70 cases with fibroadenoma, mammography revealed 74 foci (36 left breast, 38 right breast) of 62 cases, and failed to reveal lesions in 8 cases. The shape of the lesions was round or round-like lesion in 60(31%). The border was well-defined in 46 masses, partly well-outlined in 14 and ill-defined in 4. 'Membranoid sign' can be seen in 40 cases. Conclusion: Typical X-ray findings of breast fibroadenoma is very important, mammography is a good method of choice in diagnosis of fibroadenoma. (authors)

Barriers to Mammography among Inadequately Screened Women

Science.gov (United States)

Stoll, Carolyn R. T.; Roberts, Summer; Cheng, Meng-Ru; Crayton, Eloise V.; Jackson, Sherrill; Politi, Mary C.

2015-01-01

Mammography use has increased over the past 20 years, yet more than 30% of women remain inadequately screened. Structural barriers can deter individuals from screening, however, cognitive, emotional, and communication barriers may also prevent mammography use. This study sought to identify the impact of number and type of barriers on mammography…

Image quality in conventional film screen system, digital phosphor storage plate mammography in magnification technique and digital mammography in CCD-technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulz-Wendtland, R.; Aichinger, U.; Boehner, C.; Dobritz, M.; Bautz, W.; Saebel, M.

2000-01-01

Purpose: Comparison of image quality between conventional film screen system, digital phosphor storage plate mammography in magnification technique and digital mammography in CCD-technique. Materials and Methods: Radiograms of a RMI-mammography phantom were acquired using a conventional film screen system, two digital storage plate systems and two digital systems in CCD-technique. Additionally, the radiograms of one digital phosphor storage plate system were post-processed emphasizing contrast and included in the comparison. Results: The detectability of details was the best with the digital mammography in CCD-technique in comparison with the conventional film screen technique resp. digital phosphor storage plate in magnification technique. Conclusions: Based on these results there is the possibility to replace the conventional film screen system by further studies - this has to be confirmed. (orig.) [de

Traceability and quality control in mammography: measurements and models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peixoto, Jose Guilherme Pereira

2002-10-01

The success of a treatment or diagnosis using radiation, depends on the optimization of the dose determination to be administered for the patient and on the beam radiation quality. It is recognized by the international guidelines that it is necessary to improve calibration services for mammography beams in order to improve the quality of clinical diagnosis. Major efforts have been made by several laboratories in order to establish an appropriate and traceable calibration infrastructure and to provide the basis for a quality control program in mammography. The contribution of the radiation metrology network to the mammography services is reviewed in this work. Steps required for the implementation of a mammography calibration system using a constant potential x-ray and a clinical mammography x-ray machine are presented. The various qualities of mammography radiation discussed in this work are in accordance with the IEC 61674 and the AAPM recommendations. This work also presents the methodology and the procedures to maintain and to disseminate the traceability at the x-ray mammography range, describing the interlaboratory comparison performed at LNMRI/IRD/CNEN and at the IPEN/CNEN using the secondary standard ionization chambers traceable with the international standard. It assesses the inter-laboratory comparison consistency and decides whether a questionable value should or not be accepted, using the residual method. This thesis discusses the uncertainties involved in all steps of the calibration chain in accord once with the ISO recommendations. (author)

Digital mammography with high-resolution storage plates (CR) versus full-field digital mammography (CCD) (DR) for microcalcifications and focal lesions - a retrospective clinical histologic analysis (n = 102)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulz-Wendtland, R.; Lell, M.; Wenkel, E.; Boehner, C.; Dassel, M.S.; Bautz, W.

2005-01-01

Purpose: to determine the diagnostic accuracy of microcalcifications and focal lesions in a retrospective clinical-histological study using high-resolution digital phosphor storage plates (hard copy) and full-field digital mammography (hard copy). Materials and methods: from May 2003 to September 2003, 102 patients underwent digital storage plate mammography (CR), using a mammography unit (Mammomat 3000 N, Siemens) in combination with a high resolution (9 lp/mm) digital storage phosphor plate system (pixel size 50 μm) (Fuji/Siemens). After diagnosis and preoperative wire localization, full-field digital mammography (CCD) (DR) was performed with the same exposure parameters. The full-field digital mammography used a CCD-detector (SenoScan) (fisher imaging) with a resolution of 10 Ip/mm and a pixel size of 50 μm. Five investigators determined the diagnosis (BI-RADS trademark I-V) retrospectively after the operation from randomly distributed mediolateral views (hard copy reading). These results were correlated with the final histology. Results: the diagnostic accuracy of digital storage plate mammography (CR) and full-field digital mammography (CCD) (DR) was 73% and 71% for all findings (n = 102), 73% and 71% for microcalcifications (n = 51), and 72% and 70% for focal lesions (n = 51). The overall results showed no difference. Conclusion: our findings indicate the equivalence of high-resolution digital phosphor storage plate mammography (CR) and full-field digital mammography (CCD) (DR). (orig.)

EINE UNTERSUCHUNG UBER DIE NUTZUNG DER WINDENERGIE IN DER WELT UND IN DER TURKEI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aydoğan ÖZDAMAR

2000-02-01

Full Text Available In dieser Arbeit wurde die Nutzung der in Zukunft bei der Energieversorgung eine wichtige Rolle zuspielende Windenergie allgemein bewertet. Zu dem Zweck wurde zuerst Potential und geschichtliche Entwicklung der Windenergienutzung in der Welt und in der Türkei, Entstehung des Windes und Windmessungen betrachtet. Anschließend wurden Kritiken über die Unstetigkeit der Windenergie, der Deckung des Energiebedarfs eines Hauses vollständig von Windenergie und der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Windstroms behandelt und Antworten mit konkreten Beispielen auf diese Kritiken gegeben.

Das politische Internet - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

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Heinz Moser

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Das Internet und die Möglichkeiten, die sich mit Social Communities wie Facebook für die Zukunft einer stärker partizipativ ausgerichteten Demokratie ergeben, beschäftigt die politischen Debatten immer häufiger. Der Buchstaben «e» spiegelt dabei die Verheissungen dieser neuen Politik: e-Government, e-Participation und e- Demokratie sind Begriffe, die zu klären und daraufhin zu untersuchen sind, inwieweit die Bürgerpartizipation dadurch bei der jungen Generation eine neue Qualität erhält. Nachdem die digitalen Medien nicht nur in der arabischen Welt jüngere Menschen politisch zu mobilisieren imstande sind, stellt sich die Frage, ob sich mit diesen neuen Mitteln partizipative Interessen jenseits der etablierten Institutionen der Politik auf neue Weise artikulieren können – dies nicht zuletzt auch über Veränderungen in der Sphäre des Politischen selbst. Der vorliegende Aufsatz nimmt die Diskussion um das politische Internet auf und illustriert die damit verbundenen Fragestellungen im Rahmen einer empirischen Untersuchung zu politischen Gruppen aus der Schweiz, die sich auf Facebook gebildet haben.

Einmaliges studentisches standardisiertes Training der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion nach EN1500: Quantifizierung des Trainingseffektes, Nutzen der Methode und Vergleich mit klinischen Referenzgruppen [A single standardized practical training for surgical scrubbing according to EN1500: Effect Quantification, value of the standardized method and comparison with clinical reference groups

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wullenk, Katharina

2013-05-01

Full Text Available [english] The standardized training of practical competences in skills labs is relatively new among German Medical Faculties. The broad acceptance and outstanding evaluation results do not provide objective data on the efficiency and cost-efficiency of these trainings. This study aims on the quantification of the teaching effect of the surgical scrubbing technique EN1500 and its comparison with clinical references of OR personnel.Methods: 161 4 year medical students were randomized into intervention and control group. The intervention group received a 45 minute standardized peer-teaching training of practical competences necessary in the OR including the scrubbing according to EN1500. Fluorescence dye was mixed in the disinfectant solution. After hand disinfection, standardized fotographs and semi-automated digital processing resulted in quantification of the insufficiently covered hand area. These results were compared with the control group that received the training after the test. In order to provide information on the achieved clinical competence level, the results were compared with the two clinical reference groups.Results: The intervention group remained with 4,99% (SD 2,34 insufficiently covered hand area after the training compared to the control group 7,33% (SD 3,91, p[german] Die standardisierte Schulung klinisch-praktischer Fertigkeiten in sog. Skills Labs ist erst seit wenigen Jahren an deutschen Universitäten verbreitet. Den zumeist umfangreichen und sehr guten Evaluationsergebnissen stehen kaum Untersuchungen zur Effektquantifizierung und Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse gegenüber. In der vorliegenden Studie soll eine Methode zur digitalen Quantifizierung der Güte der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion vorgestellt werden sowie das Skills-Lab-Training der standardisierten Einreibemethode nach EN1500 auf seinen Effekt hin untersucht und mit OP-Pflegepersonal und Operateuren als klinische Referenzgruppen verglichen werden.Methode: 161

Der Wandel der Erwerbsformen und der Beitrag der Hartz-Reformen: Berlin und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Vergleich

OpenAIRE

Oschmiansky, Heidi

2007-01-01

"Seit den 1980er Jahren wird der Wandel der Erwerbsformen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland immer stärker sichtbar. Während die sozial abgesicherte, abhängige und unbefristete Vollzeiterwerbsform - das sog. 'Normalarbeitsverhältnis' - seither leicht an Bedeutung verloren hat, zeigen sich bei den übrigen Erwerbsformen zum Teil hohe Zuwächse und eine zunehmende Differenzierung. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht den Wandel der Erwerbsformen zwischen 1985 und 2005 auf Basis von Mikrozensus-Daten...

Mammography screening among Arab American women in metropolitan Detroit.

Science.gov (United States)

Schwartz, Kendra; Fakhouri, Monty; Bartoces, Monina; Monsur, Joseph; Younis, Amani

2008-12-01

Mammography screening behavior has not been well studied among Middle Eastern immigrant women. We conducted a telephone survey of 365 Arab American women residing in metropolitan Detroit, home to one of the largest populations of Middle Eastern immigrants in the US, to determine prevalence of factors associated with mammography, and attitudes and beliefs regarding mammography screening. Of 365 participants, only five were born in the US. Mean age was 53.2 years (SD 10.8). Two hundred twelve (58.1%) reported having mammogram every 1-2 years; 70% ever had mammogram. Age 50-64 years, having health insurance, married status, being in the US over 10 years, and being Lebanese were associated with mammography every 1-2 years. After adjusting for demographic factors, perceived seriousness of disease, general health motivation, and having fewer barriers were associated with more frequent screening. Appropriate mammography screening is decreased in this group. Targeted outreach regarding screening is appropriate for this population; however, lack of insurance may prevent adequate follow-up.

Diagnostic performance of dual-energy contrast-enhanced subtracted mammography in dense breasts compared to mammography alone: interobserver blind-reading analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheung, Yun-Chung; Lin, Yu-Ching; Wan, Yung-Liang; Yeow, Kee-Min; Huang, Pei-Chin; Lo, Yung-Feng; Tsai, Hsiu-Pei; Ueng, Shir-Hwa; Chang, Chee-Jen

2014-10-01

To analyse the accuracy of dual-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in dense breasts in comparison with contrast-enhanced subtracted mammography (CESM) and conventional mammography (Mx). CESM cases of dense breasts with histological proof were evaluated in the present study. Four radiologists with varying experience in mammography interpretation blindly read Mx first, followed by CESM. The diagnostic profiles, consistency and learning curve were analysed statistically. One hundred lesions (28 benign and 72 breast malignancies) in 89 females were analysed. Use of CESM improved the cancer diagnosis by 21.2 % in sensitivity (71.5 % to 92.7 %), by 16.1 % in specificity (51.8 % to 67.9 %) and by 19.8 % in accuracy (65.9 % to 85.8 %) compared with Mx. The interobserver diagnostic consistency was markedly higher using CESM than using Mx alone (0.6235 vs. 0.3869 using the kappa ratio). The probability of a correct prediction was elevated from 80 % to 90 % after 75 consecutive case readings. CESM provided additional information with consistent improvement of the cancer diagnosis in dense breasts compared to Mx alone. The prediction of the diagnosis could be improved by the interpretation of a significant number of cases in the presence of 6 % benign contrast enhancement in this study. • DE-CESM improves the cancer diagnosis in dense breasts compared with mammography. • DE-CESM shows greater consistency than mammography alone by interobserver blind reading. • Diagnostic improvement of DE-CESM is independent of the mammographic reading experience.

Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Munoz Carrasco, Rafaela; Alvarez Benito, Marina; Raya Povedano, Jose Luis [Hospital Universitario ' Reina Sofia' , Radiology Department, Cordoba (Spain); Munoz Gomariz, Elisa [Hospital Universitario ' Reina Sofia' , Support Unit for Research, Cordoba (Spain); Martinez Paredes, Maria [University of Cordoba, Radiology and Physical Medicine Area, Cordoba (Spain)

2010-12-15

To assess clinical variables that may be useful in differentiating gynaecomastia from carcinoma and to analyse the contribution of mammography and ultrasound to the evaluation of male breast disease. All men who underwent mammography and/or ultrasound between 1993 and 2006 in our hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical characteristics in patients with gynaecomastia and those with carcinoma were compared. Radiological findings were classified according to the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) criteria. The diagnostic performance of physical examination, mammography and ultrasound was determined and compared. A total of 628 patients with 518 mammograms and 423 ultrasounds were reviewed. The final diagnoses were: 19 carcinomas, 526 gynaecomastias, 84 other benign conditions and 25 normal. There were statistically significant differences in age, bilateral involvement, clinical presentation and physical examination between patients with carcinoma and those with gynaecomastia. The diagnostic performance of physical examination was lower than that of mammography and ultrasound (p < 0.05 for specificity). Mammography was the most sensitive (94.7%) and ultrasound the most specific (95.3%) for detection of malignancy (p > 0.05). We propose an algorithm for the use of mammography and ultrasound in men. Mammography and ultrasound, with a negative predictive value close to 100%, make it possible to avoid very many unnecessary surgical procedures in men. (orig.)

Organization and standards of screening and diagnostic mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Linderbraten, L.D.; Chikirdin, Eh.G.; Rozhkova, N.I.

1999-01-01

Problem of organizing and standards of the reference and diagnostic mammography in our country is discussed. Attention is paid to the terminology, accreditation of mammographic establishments and specialists, specifications of equipment, image quality, mammography results processing, radiation doses [ru

Breast cancer imaging: Mammography among women of up to 45 years

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schnejder-Wilk, A.

2010-01-01

Background: Among women under the age of 40, screening mammography examinations are not performed routinely. An ultrasonography scan is considered to be a basic breast imaging examination among younger women. The purpose of this study was to analyze mammography images, as well as to evaluate the usefulness and role of mammography in breast cancer diagnostic processes in women of up to 45 years, based on own experience. Material/Methods: A retrospective analysis of mammography images, including 144 cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the group of 140 women of 45 years of age. All the patients underwent pre-treatment mammography and surgery procedure. The images were evaluated in accordance to BIRADS criteria. Lesions detectable in mammography were grouped as follows: spiculated mass; nonmicrocalcified oval/round mass; microcalcified mass (regardless of shape); microcalcifications; architectural distortion; breast tissue asymmetry. Results: The most common mammographic symptom was solid tumor (41%), followed by microcalcified tumors (20.8%). Clusters of microcalcifications constituted 17.4% of mammography findings. In 4.9% of mammography scans, examination did not reveal any pathological lesions. Conclusions: Breast cancer mammograms of women aged up to 45 years do not differ from diagnostic pictures of breast cancer in older women. The diagnostic appearance of breast cancer in 1/3 of the patients involved microcalcifications detectable only on mammograms. All the women with suspicion of breast cancer should have their mammography examinations performed, irrespective of ultrasonography scans. (author)

Mammography: an update of the EUSOBI recommendations on information for women

OpenAIRE

Sardanelli, Francesco; Fallenberg, Eva M.; Clauser, Paola; Trimboli, Rubina M.; Camps-Herrero, Julia; Helbich, Thomas H.; Forrai, Gabor

2016-01-01

Abstract This article summarises the information to be offered to women about mammography. After a delineation of the aim of early diagnosis of breast cancer, the difference between screening mammography and diagnostic mammography is explained. The need to bring images and reports from the previous mammogram (and from other recent breast imaging examinations) is highlighted. Mammography technique and procedure are described with particular attention to discomfort and pain experienced by a sma...

Zur Sozialgeschichte der Gerechtigkeit in der Neuzeit

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Koller Peter

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, die Entwicklung der Idee der Gerechtigkeit in der Neuzeit im Kontext des sozialen Wandels zu erhellen. Zu diesem Zweck wird nach einer einleitenden Erörterung des dieser Idee zugrundeliegenden Gerechtigkeitsbegriffs (1 zuerst das Projekt einer vertragstheoretischen Begründung einer gerechten staatlichen Ordnung in der frühen Neuzeit vor dem Hintergrund des Herausbildung des modernen Staates behandelt (2. Im Anschluss werden die theoretischen Leitideen und gesellschaftlichen Triebkräfte des Kampfes um bürgerliche Freiheit und demokratische Teilhabe beleuchtet (3, wovon ausgehend dann die Entstehung der heute vorherrschenden Vorstellung von sozialer Gerechtigkeit einer näheren Betrachtung unterzogen wird (4. Der Beitrag endet mit einigen Bemerkungen über die Gerechtigkeitsprobleme der Gegenwart und die künftigen Herausforderungen im Kampf um Gerechtigkeit (5.

Diagnostic accuracy and recall rates for digital mammography and digital mammography combined with one-view and two-view tomosynthesis: results of an enriched reader study.

Science.gov (United States)

Rafferty, Elizabeth A; Park, Jeong Mi; Philpotts, Liane E; Poplack, Steven P; Sumkin, Jules H; Halpern, Elkan F; Niklason, Loren T

2014-02-01

The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of combining tomosynthesis with digital mammography by assessing diagnostic accuracy and recall rates for digital mammography alone and digital mammography combined with one-view tomosynthesis and two-view tomosynthesis. Three hundred ten cases including biopsy-proven malignancies (51), biopsy-proven benign findings (47), recalled screening cases (138), and negative screening cases (74) were reviewed by 15 radiologists sequentially using digital mammography, adding one-view tomosynthesis, and then two-view tomosynthesis. Cases were assessed for recall and assigned a BI-RADS score and probability of malignancy for each imaging method. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Screening recall rates were compared using pooled logistical regression analysis. A p value of tomosynthesis, and DM plus two-view tomosynthesis was 0.828, 0.864, and 0.895, respectively. Both one-view and two-view tomosynthesis plus DM were significantly better than DM alone (Δ AUCs 0.036 [p = 0.009] and 0.068 [p tomosynthesis, and DM plus two-view tomosynthesis were 44.2%, 27.2%, and 24.0%, respectively. Combined with DM, one-view and two-view tomosynthesis both showed significantly lower noncancer recall rates than digital mammography alone (p tomosynthesis showed a significantly lower recall rate than digital mammography with one-view tomosynthesis (p tomosynthesis compared with digital mammography alone. Compared with digital mammography, diagnostic sensitivity for invasive cancers increased with the addition of both one-view (Δ12.0%, p tomosynthesis. The addition of one-view tomosynthesis to conventional digital mammography improved diagnostic accuracy and reduced the recall rate; however, the addition of two-view tomosynthesis provided twice the performance gain in diagnostic accuracy while further reducing the recall rate.

Control of quality in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-10-01

The present protocol of quality control/quality assurance in mammography is the result of the work of two regional projects realised in Latin America within the frame of ARCAL with the support of the IAEA. The first is ARCAL LV (RLA/6/043) project on quality assurance/quality control in mammography studies which analysed the present situation of the mammography in the member countries of the project which include: Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic and Republic of Venezuela and the second is ARCAL XLIX (RLA/9/035) project, whose members were Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, worked the application of Basic Safety Standards for the protection against ionising radiation with the aim to improve radiation protection in X-ray diagnosis medical practices through the implementation of the Basic Safety Standards (BSS) related to x-ray diagnosis in selected hospitals located in each country involved in the project. The work of both projects had been consolidated and harmonized in the present publication

Understanding women's mammography intentions: a theory-based investigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Naito, Mikako; O'Callaghan, Frances V; Morrissey, Shirley

2009-01-01

The present study compared the utility of two models (the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protection Motivation Theory) in identifying factors associated with intentions to undertake screening mammography, before and after an intervention. The comparison was made between the unique components of the two models. The effect of including implementation intentions was also investigated. Two hundred and fifty-one women aged 37 to 69 years completed questionnaires at baseline and following the delivery of a standard (control) or a protection motivation theory-based informational intervention. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that theory of planned behavior variables were associated with mammography intentions. Results also showed that inclusion of implementation intention in the model significantly increased the association with mammography intentions. The findings suggest that future interventions aiming to increase screening mammography participation should focus on the theory of planned behavior variables and that implementation intention should also be targeted.

Cancer of the breast: induction by radiation and role of mammography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simon, N

1977-10-01

Conflict in the management of cancer of the breast exists. Diagnosis by x-ray mammography provides early effective treatment, but x-ray exposure to the breast is cancerogenic. Prudence requires the use of low dose x-rays in mammography, and limits the use of x-ray mammography in the young. Guide lines for the indications for mammography are changing, and large scale population exposure to radiation should await results of demonstration projects in the United States.

Effectiveness of a Mobile Mammography Program.

Science.gov (United States)

Stanley, Elizabeth; Lewis, Madelene C; Irshad, Abid; Ackerman, Susan; Collins, Heather; Pavic, Dag; Leddy, Rebecca J

2017-12-01

Mobile mammography units have increasingly been used to address patient health care disparities; however, there are limited data comparing mobile units to stationary sites. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of women who underwent mammography screening in a mobile unit versus those who underwent mammography screening at a cancer center. In this retrospective study, we analyzed all screening mammography examinations performed in a mobile unit in 2014 (n = 1433 examinations). For comparison, we randomized and reviewed an equivalent number of screening mammography examinations performed at our cancer center in 2014 (n = 1434 examinations). BI-RADS assessment, adherence to follow-up, biopsies performed, cancer detection rate, and sociodemographic variables were recorded. An independent-samples t test was conducted to identify potential differences in age between cancer center patients and mobile unit patients. Chi-square analyses were used to test for associations between location and factors such as health insurance, race, marital status, geographic area, adherence to screening guidelines, recall rate, adherence to follow-up, and cancer detection rates. Patients visiting our cancer center (mean = 57.74 years; SD = 10.55) were significantly older than those visiting the mobile unit (mean = 52.58 years; SD = 8.19; p mobile van (cancer center = 3.70%, mobile unit = 38.73%). There was a significant association between screening location and patient race (χ 2 = 118.75, p mobile unit = 33.30%), more black patients being screened in the mobile van (cancer center = 49.30%, mobile unit = 54.15%), and more Hispanic patients being screened in the mobile van (cancer center = 1.05%, mobile unit = 6.77%). There was a significant association between location and patient marital status (χ 2 = 135.61, p mobile unit = 38.31%), more single patients screened in the mobile van (cancer center = 25.17%, mobile unit = 34.47%), and more widowed patients being screened at the

Radiology Residents' Performance in Screening Mammography Interpretation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Eun Hye; Lyou, Chae Yeon

2013-01-01

To evaluate radiology residents' performance in screening mammography interpretation and to analyze the factors affecting performance. We enrolled 203 residents from 21 institutions and performed mammography interpretation tests. Between the trainee and non-trainee groups, we compared the interpretation score, recall rate, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and false-positive rate (FPR). We estimated the training effect using the score differences between trainee and non-trainee groups. We analyzed the factors affecting performance between training-effective and non-effective groups. Trainees were superior to non-trainees regarding interpretation score (43.1 vs. 37.1), recall rate (11.0 vs. 15.5%), sensitivity (83.6 vs. 72.0%), PPV (53.0 vs. 32.4%) and FPR (13.5 vs. 25.5). The longer the training period, the better were the interpretation score, recall rate, sensitivity, PPV and FPR (rho = 0.486, -0.375, 0.343, 0.504, -0.446, respectively). The training affected an increase by an average of 6 points; however, 31.6% of institutions showed no effect. A difference was noted in the volume of mammography interpretation during a month (594.0 vs. 476.9) and dedication of breast staff (61.5 vs. 0%) between training-effective and non-effective groups. Trainees showed better performance in mammography interpretation compared to non-trainees. Moreover, performance was correlated with the training period. The factors affecting performance were the volume of mammography interpretation and the dedication of the breast staff.

Exposure and roentgen-area-product in xeromammography and conventional mammography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baxt, J H; Bushong, S C; Glaze, S; Kothari, S [Baylor Univ., Houston, Tex. (USA). Coll. of Medicine

1976-01-01

X-ray mammography is assuming increasing importance in the early detection of breast cancer. The principal disadvantage to conventional mammography is high patient dose. Xeromammography offers three advantages over conventional mammography: (a) lower patient dose, (b) better image quality and (c) no special mammography tube required. A transmission ionization chamber and thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure the roentgen-area-product and the exposure for three view examination. Average roentgen-area-product values of 6500 and 4200 R-cm/sup 2/ were observed for conventional mammography and xeromammography respectively. The medial surface of the breast received the highest radiation exposure for both types of examinations and this was shown to be 11.5 and 5.1 R respectively. Omission of the axillary view from the examination reduces the patient dose in both types by approximately 60 %.

Quality assurance programme at Slovak mammography departments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horvathova, M.; Nikodemova, D.

2004-01-01

A co-ordinated research program (CRP) for optimisation of image quality in mammography in some Eastern European countries has been initiated by IAEA between 1999 and 2001 and the Slovak Republic took part in this program. The aim of this program was to implement the European QA/QC protocol in a sample of mammography departments and to achieve improvement of the image quality and patient dose reduction. On the national level 28 mammography units were chosen in accordance with equipment performance for quality control programme at this departments, for the first part of the mammography audit in the years 2002-2004. Realisation of CRP project contains: 1) Collection and evaluation of clinical images in agreement with EC criteria; 2) Evaluation of the image quality using mammography test phantom; 3) Measurements of the ESD at patients using TLD; 4) Intercomparison of TLD system calibration with IAEA laboratory; 5) Film reject analysis; 6) Implementation of QC program to the mammography units. The measurements of ESD on patients were performed with TLD (LiF 700 Harshaw). In the 6 month period were collected the results of measurements of: 1) object thickness compensation (measured weekly); 2) long time reproducibility (measured daily); 3) phantom image quality on the standard RMI 156 phantom (measured weekly); 4) ESD on phantom with TLD (once during the audit). Automatic Exposure Control compensation for the object thickness variation was measured by exposing different PMMA plates of thickness ranging from 20 to 60 mm, using the clinical settings. The long term reproducibility has been assessed from the measurements of the optical density and mAs product resulted from the exposure on the PMMA plates. In order to estimate the quality of the images the RMI 156 mammography accreditation phantom was chosen. The accreditation phantom contains test objects which simulate small structures seen in the breast (microcalcifications, fibrils, and tumor like masses). Results of

Does health status influence intention regarding screening mammography?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Keeho; Park, Jong-Hyock; Park, Jae-Hyun; Kim, Hui-Jeong; Park, Bo-Yoon

2010-01-01

We analyzed information surveyed from a community-based sample of Korean women older than 40 years of age to understand the relationships between health status and screening behavior. In a cross-sectional population-based study, a two-stage, geographically stratified household-based sampling design was used for assembly of a probability sample of women aged 40-69 years living in Gunpo in Korea, resulting in a total sample size of 503 women. The primary outcome variable for this analysis was the respondent's intention to obtain a mammogram. Predictor variables included health status and other factors known to influence the use of cancer screening, such as age, education, income, marital status and the presence of co-morbid illnesses. Health status was assessed by using the EuroQol (EQ-5D). The median EQ visual analogue scale score was 75.0, ranging from 20 to 100. In bivariate analyses, the percentage of women reporting to have intention toward mammography use decreased with worsening health status. Women who had problems with mobility or anxiety/depression showed lower intention to undergo future screening mammography. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that health status was significantly associated with intention toward mammography use. Anxiety or depression was an independent predictor of future screening mammography use. Health status is significantly associated with intention regarding screening mammography use. Physicians or other health professionals should be aware that health status is an important component for health promotion, and should pay more attention to clients' possible vulnerability in screening mammography use due to their poor health status. (author)

The accuracy of digital breast tomosynthesis compared with coned compression magnification mammography in the assessment of abnormalities found on mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morel, J.C.; Iqbal, A.; Wasan, R.K.; Peacock, C.; Evans, D.R.; Rahim, R.; Goligher, J.; Michell, M.J.

2014-01-01

Aim: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with coned compression magnification mammography (CCMM). Materials and methods: The study design included two reading sessions completed by seven experienced radiologists. In the first session, all readers read bilateral standard two-view mammograms and a CCMM view of the lesion before giving a combined score for assessment. In the second session, readers read bilateral standard two-view mammograms plus one-view DBT. The two reading sessions of the experiment were separated by at least 2 weeks to reduce the chance of reader memory of the images read in the previous session from influencing the performance in the subsequent session. Results: Three hundred and fifty-four lesions were assessed and receiver-operative characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the difference between the two modes. For standard two-view mammography plus CCMM, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–0.91] and for standard two-view mammography plus DBT the AUC was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.95). The difference between the AUCs was 0.06 with p-value of 0.0014. Conclusion: Two-view mammography with one-view DBT showed significantly improved accuracy compared to two-view mammography and CCMM in the assessment of mammographic abnormalities. These results show that DBT can be used effectively in the further evaluation of mammographic abnormalities found at screening and in symptomatic diagnostic practice. - Highlights: • Diagnostic accuracy of magnification mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis. • There is statistical difference between CCMM and DBT. • DBT has a role in evaluating mammographic abnormalities

Dual-energy mammography: simulation studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bliznakova, K; Kolitsi, Z; Pallikarakis, N

2006-01-01

This paper presents a mammography simulator and demonstrates its applicability in feasibility studies in dual-energy (DE) subtraction mammography. This mammography simulator is an evolution of a previously presented x-ray imaging simulation system, which has been extended with new functionalities that are specific for DE simulations. The new features include incident exposure and dose calculations, the implementation of a DE subtraction algorithm as well as amendments to the detector and source modelling. The system was then verified by simulating experiments and comparing their results against published data. The simulator was used to carry out a feasibility study of the applicability of DE techniques in mammography, and more precisely to examine whether this modality could result in better visualization and detection of microcalcifications. Investigations were carried out using a 3D breast software phantom of average thickness, monoenergetic and polyenergetic beam spectra and various detector configurations. Dual-shot techniques were simulated. Results showed the advantage of using monoenergetic in comparison with polyenergetic beams. Optimization studies with monochromatic sources were carried out to obtain the optimal low and high incident energies, based on the assessment of the figure of merit of the simulated microcalcifications in the subtracted images. The results of the simulation study with the optimal energies demonstrated that the use of the DE technique can improve visualization and increase detectability, allowing identification of microcalcifications of sizes as small as 200 μm. The quantitative results are also verified by means of a visual inspection of the synthetic images

Quality assurance in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fosmark, H.; Olerud, H.M.

1992-01-01

Guidelines in mammography are given, including competence of staff, performance of equipment and quality control procedures. The purpose of the guidelines is to ensure optimum diagnostic quality. 5 refs

Digital mammography: what do we and what don't we know?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bick, Ulrich; Diekmann, Felix

2007-01-01

High-quality full-field digital mammography has been available now for several years and is increasingly used for both diagnostic and screening mammography. A number of different detector technologies exist, which all have their specific advantages and disadvantages. Diagnostic accuracy of digital mammography has been shown to be at least equivalent to film-screen mammography in a general screening population. Digital mammography is superior to screen-film mammography in younger women with dense breasts due to its ability to selectively optimize contrast in areas of dense parenchyma. This advantage is especially important in women with a genetic predisposition for breast cancer, where intensified early detection programs may have to start from 25 to 30 years of age. Tailored image processing and computer-aided diagnosis hold the potential to further improve the early detection of breast cancer. However, at present no consensus exists among radiologists on which processing is optimal for digital mammograms. Image processing may also vary significantly among vendors with so far limited interoperability. This review aims to summarize the available information regarding the impact of digital mammography on workflow and breast cancer diagnosis. (orig.)

The Future of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography.

Science.gov (United States)

Covington, Matthew F; Pizzitola, Victor J; Lorans, Roxanne; Pockaj, Barbara A; Northfelt, Donald W; Appleton, Catherine M; Patel, Bhavika K

2018-02-01

The purpose of this article is to discuss facilitators of and barriers to future implementation of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in the United States. CEM provides low-energy 2D mammographic images analogous to digital mammography and contrast-enhanced recombined images that allow assessment of neovascularity similar to that offered by MRI. The utilization of CEM in the United States is currently low but could increase rapidly given the many potential indications for its clinical use.

Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dromain, Clarisse; Thibault, Fabienne; Tardivon, Anne; Muller, Serge; Rimareix, Francoise; Delaloge, Suzette; Balleyguier, Corinne

2011-01-01

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of Dual-Energy Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography (CEDM) as an adjunct to mammography (MX) versus MX alone and versus mammography plus ultrasound (US). 120 women with 142 suspect findings on MX and/or US underwent CEDM. A pair of low- and high-energy images was acquired using a modified full-field digital mammography system. Exposures were taken in MLO at 2 min and in CC at 4 min after the injection of 1.5 ml/kg of an iodinated contrast agent. One reader evaluated MX, US and CEDM images during 2 sessions 1 month apart. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve were estimated. The results from pathology and follow-up identified 62 benign and 80 malignant lesions. Areas under the ROC curves were significantly superior for MX+CEDM than it was for MX alone and for MX+US using BI-RADS. Sensitivity was higher for MX+CEDM than it was for MX (93% vs. 78%; p < 0.001) with no loss in specificity. The lesion size was closer to the histological size for CEDM. All 23 multifocal lesions were correctly detected by MX+CEDM vs. 16 and 15 lesions by MX and US respectively. Initial clinical results show that CEDM has better diagnostic accuracy than mammography alone and mammography+ultrasound. (orig.)

Mammography-oncogenecity at low doses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heyes, G J; Mill, A J; Charles, M W

2009-01-01

Controversy exists regarding the biological effectiveness of low energy x-rays used for mammography breast screening. Recent radiobiology studies have provided compelling evidence that these low energy x-rays may be 4.42 ± 2.02 times more effective in causing mutational damage than higher energy x-rays. These data include a study involving in vitro irradiation of a human cell line using a mammography x-ray source and a high energy source which matches the spectrum of radiation observed in survivors from the Hiroshima atomic bomb. Current radiation risk estimates rely heavily on data from the atomic bomb survivors, and a direct comparison between the diagnostic energies used in the UK breast screening programme and those used for risk estimates can now be made. Evidence highlighting the increase in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of mammography x-rays to a range of x-ray energies implies that the risks of radiation-induced breast cancers for mammography x-rays are potentially underestimated by a factor of four. A pooled analysis of three measurements gives a maximal RBE (for malignant transformation of human cells in vitro) of 4.02 ± 0.72 for 29 kVp (peak accelerating voltage) x-rays compared to high energy electrons and higher energy x-rays. For the majority of women in the UK NHS breast screening programme, it is shown that the benefit safely exceeds the risk of possible cancer induction even when this higher biological effectiveness factor is applied. The risk/benefit analysis, however, implies the need for caution for women screened under the age of 50, and particularly for those with a family history (and therefore a likely genetic susceptibility) of breast cancer. In vitro radiobiological data are generally acquired at high doses, and there are different extrapolation mechanisms to the low doses seen clinically. Recent low dose in vitro data have indicated a potential suppressive effect at very low dose rates and doses. Whilst mammography is a low

Combination of one-view digital breast tomosynthesis with one-view digital mammography versus standard two-view digital mammography: per lesion analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gennaro, Gisella; Bezzon, Elisabetta; Pescarini, Luigi; Polico, Ilaria; Proietti, Alessandro; Baldan, Enrica; Pomerri, Fabio; Muzzio, Pier Carlo [Veneto Institute of Oncology (IRCCS), Padua (Italy); Hendrick, R.E. [University of Colorado-Denver, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (United States); Toledano, Alicia [Biostatistics Consulting, LLC, Kensington, MD (United States); Paquelet, Jean R. [Advanced Medical Imaging Consultants, Fort Collins, CO (United States); Breast Imaging, McKee Medical Center, Loveland, CO (United States); Chersevani, Roberta [Private Medical Practice, Gorizia (Italy); Di Maggio, Cosimo [Private Medical Practice, Padua (Italy); La Grassa, Manuela [Department of Radiology, Oncological Reference Center (IRCCS), Aviano (Italy)

2013-08-15

To evaluate the clinical value of combining one-view mammography (cranio-caudal, CC) with the complementary view tomosynthesis (mediolateral-oblique, MLO) in comparison to standard two-view mammography (MX) in terms of both lesion detection and characterization. A free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) experiment was conducted independently by six breast radiologists, obtaining data from 463 breasts of 250 patients. Differences in mean lesion detection fraction (LDF) and mean lesion characterization fraction (LCF) were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare clinical performance of the combination of techniques to standard two-view digital mammography. The 463 cases (breasts) reviewed included 258 with one to three lesions each, and 205 with no lesions. The 258 cases with lesions included 77 cancers in 68 breasts and 271 benign lesions to give a total of 348 proven lesions. The combination, DBT{sub (MLO)}+MX{sub (CC)}, was superior to MX (CC+MLO) in both lesion detection (LDF) and lesion characterization (LCF) overall and for benign lesions. DBT{sub (MLO)}+MX{sub (CC)} was non-inferior to two-view MX for malignant lesions. This study shows that readers' capabilities in detecting and characterizing breast lesions are improved by combining single-view digital breast tomosynthesis and single-view mammography compared to two-view digital mammography. (orig.)

Current perspectives on indications and limitations of mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pope, T.L. Jr.

1983-01-01

Women have a 7 percent natural lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, which is the leading cause of death in women aged 40 to 50 years. Most data suggest that the earlier the disease is diagnosed, the better the chance for cure. Women with ''minimal breast cancer'' have an actuarial 20-year survival rate of 93.2 percent. The majority of these breast cancers are diagnosed by mammography. The radiation doses from this technique have been dramatically decreased over the last ten years to about 0.1 to 0.6 rads per study. The two largest breast cancer screening studies, the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York and the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, have shown conclusively that women over 50 years old can benefit from annual mammography and that certain groups can benefit from mammography at close intervals before the age of 50 years. This article describes the development of mammography and outlines current perspectives on its indications and limitations

Influence of the radiographer on the pain felt during mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goethem, M. van; Verslegers, I.; Biltjes, I.; De Schepper, A.; Mortelmans, D.; Bruyninckx, E.; Hove, E. Van

2003-01-01

Mammography is the only useful examination in screening for breast cancer. Mortality from breast cancer can be reduced if women go regularly for a screening mammography. Moreover, it is still the key examination in diagnosis of breast diseases and in the follow-up of patients treated for breast cancer. Pain with mammography can deter women from going for regular screening or follow-up; therefore, it is important to reduce pain experience or discomfort from mammography. In this study we evaluate the impact of the ''radiographer'' on the pain risk during mammography by analysing questionnaires filled in by women and radiographers. Study results reveal that the opinion of the radiographer, the information and communication during the examination and the number of years of experience are important factors in pain and discomfort experience. The attitude of the radiographer plays an important role in the pain experience. (orig.)

Current status of mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crymes, J.E.

1979-01-01

Great progress has been made in recent years in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer; however, breast cancer continues to be the most common and lethal cancer in women today. Early diagnosis is essential in order for treatmet to be given before the tumor spreads beyond the breast. The radiation risks of mammography have been greatly reduced with the use of newer low-dose techniques, and the benefits of mammography have increased because of a better understanding of the natural history of breast cancer, as well as improved methods of treatment. Radiologists must continue to take an active role in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Continued research is needed in order to improve screening methods and to develop newer, noninvasive techniques

Zum Begriff der kommunikativen function in der Linguistik

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Stojan Bračič

1987-12-01

Full Text Available In diesem Artikel soli der Funktionsbegriff in der Linguistik diskutiert  werden, insbesondere der Begr'iff der kotnmunikativen Funktion. Es geht· nur um eine allge­ meine Behandlung  von Charakteristiken des Begriffs kommunikative Funktion. Am Anfang  wird eine Rdhe bekannter und doch recht miterschiedlicher Bedeutungsin­ terpretationert des Funktionsbegriffs in der Linguistik  übersichtlich angeführt. Das zweite Unterkapitel versucht  es, sich mit verschiedenen  Gesichtspunkteri der  nach Wilhelm SCHMIDT definierten  kommunikativen Funktion auseinanderzusetzen: u. a. mii ihrer Verwurzelung  in der funktional  korrimunikativen Sprachbesc4reibung, mit dem  Unterscheiden  von kommunikativen Funktionen auf  verschiedenen  Ebe­ nen (kommunikative Funktion des Textes,  kommunikative Funktion der  Aus­ drucksmittel, kommunikative Funktion der Sprache  bzw. des Sprachsystems, fer­ nei: zieht es eine hypothetisch  annehmbare rezeptive Komponente der kommunikati­ ven Funktion heran  und macht schließlich den Versuch einer Distinktion zwischen direkter  (unmittelbarer ud indirekter  (mittelbarer Ausprägung einzelner koriimu­ nikativer Funktionert. Es wird auch auf die Funktion verwiesen, die der Text für den Rezipienten  hat.  Der Abschluß bringt zusammenfassend die wesentlichen Erkennt­ nisse dieses Beitrags.

Evaluation of the performance characteristic for mammography by using edge device

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Ki Won [Dept. of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang-dong, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Choi, Jwan Woo [Dept. of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Hoi Woun [Dept. of Radiological Technology, The Baekseok Culture University, Cheonan (Korea, Republic of); Jang, Seo Goo [Dept. of Medical Science, The Soonchunhyang University, Asan (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Eul Kyu [Dept. of Radiology, Inje Paik University Hospital Jeo-dong, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Son, Soon Yong [Dept. of Radiological Technology, The Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan (Korea, Republic of); Son, Jin Hyun; Min, Jung Whan [Dept. of Radiological Technology, The Shingu University, Sungnam (Korea, Republic of)

2016-09-15

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of the performance characteristic for mammography by using edge device that mammography equipment improves essential in the correct diagnosis for the maintenance. We measured the modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS), and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) using the 61267 RQA-M2 based on commission standard international electro-technical commission (IEC). As a results, spatial resolution of dimensions tomo and lorad selenia mammography were maintained at 10 mm-1 and NPS and DQE including the low nyquist frequency indicated to 6.0 mm-1. Therefore, regularly QA of mammography system should be necessary. This study can be contribute to evaluate QA for performance characteristic of mammography of DDR system.

Der II. Hauptsatz der Wärmelehre

Science.gov (United States)

Heintze, Joachim

Wir haben in (4.44) den II. Hauptsatz als empirische Tatsache folgendermaßen formuliert: (i) Wärmeenergie geht von selbst nur von einem wärmeren Körper auf einen kälteren über, niemals in der umgekehrten Richtung. Nun werden wir beweisen, dass sich aus diesem Prinzip folgende äquivalente Formulierungen für den II. Hauptsatz ableiten lassen: (ii) Es ist unmöglich, ein Perpetuum mobile zweiter Art zu bauen, d. h. eine Maschine, die fortlaufend Wärmeenergie vollständig in mechanische Arbeit umsetzen kann. Eine Wärmekraftmaschine, die einen Kreisprozess mit der höchsten Temperatur Tw und der niedrigsten Temperatur Tk durchläuft, hat höchstens den Carnotschen Wirkungsgrad c = (Tw - Tk)/Tw. Wenn in der Maschine nur reversible Prozesse ablaufen, die gesamte Wärmezufuhr bei der Temperatur Tw erfolgt und ausschließlich bei der Temperatur Tw gekühlt wird, ist ihr Wirkungsgrad = C. Es gibt keine Wärmekraftmaschine, die eine bessere Ausnutzung der Wärmeenergie ermöglicht. (iv) In jedem thermodynamischen System existiert die Zustandsgröße Entropie, definiert durch ihr Differential dS = (dQrev)/T . Entropie kann erzeugt, aber nicht vernichtet werden. Bei Zustandsänderungen, die in einem abgeschlossenen System ablaufen, nimmt die Entropie entweder zu (irreversible Prozesse), oder sie bleibt konstant (reversible Prozesse). Im Anschluss an (iii) werden wir zur Definition der thermodynamischen Temperatur und bei der Diskussion von (iv) zu einem tieferen Verständnis der Entropie gelangen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Entropie das eigentliche Bindeglied zwischen Mechanik und Wärmelehre darstellt. Am Ende des Kapitels werden wir einige Anwendungen des II. Hauptsatzes betrachten.

Editorial: Visuelle Methoden in der Forschung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Horst Niesyto

2005-06-01

rezeptionsästhetischen Bildinterpretationsmethode und einem handlungsorientierten Bildauslegungsverfahren skizziert sie am Beispiel eines kunstpädagogischen Foto- und Videoprojekts ästhetische Analysewege (Perspektbildung, Perspektivenwechsel, die auf die Rekonstruktion von Wahrnehmungsprozessen und das Neuentdecken weiterer Deutungsmöglichkeiten abzielen. SIEGLINDE JORNITZ und STEFANIE KOLLMANN (Deutsches Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung, Frankfurt/Main stellen an Beispielen aus der pädagogischen Bilddatenbank «Pictura Paedagogica Online» (DFG-Projekt Möglichkeiten der systematischen Erschliessung von Bildern unter thematischen Aspekten vor. «Ins Bild hinein und aus dem Bild heraus» – unter diesem Titel fassen die Autorinnen ihre Erfahrungen mit der begrifflichen Verschlagwortung von Bildern zusammen. Am Beispiel des Themenbereichs «Spiel» wird aufgezeigt, wie eine Bilddatenbank als Quelle für eine historisch-pädagogische Forschung genutzt werden kann. Die gewählten Beispiele verdeutlichen den Eigenwert von Bildern gegenüber dem Text, der über bloss illustrierende Funktionen hinausgeht: Visuelle Aneignungs- und Zugangsprozesse eröffnen – entgegen einer meist textlichen Eindeutigkeit – vielfältigere Deutungsmöglichkeiten von Situationen. STEFAN ISKE und CHRISTIAN SWERTZ (Universität Bielefeld/Universität Wien beziehen sich in ihrem Beitrag über «Methodologische Fragen der Verwendung von Bild-, Ton- und Textdaten zur Navigationsanalyse» auf aktuelle Forschungen im Bereich E-Learning. Ihre Ausgangsthese ist, dass die Untersuchung der Aneignungsprozesse von Lernenden während des E-Learning in der Forschung bislang unberücksichtigt bleibt. In methodologischer Perspektive entwickeln die Autoren eine Datentriangulation, die auf der audiovisuellen und digitalen Dokumentation von Aneignungsprozessen in hypermedialen Lernumgebungen beruht und eine weitergehende Rekonstruktion der Aneignungsprozesse möglich macht, als dies durch

Spielend Fremdsprachen lernen – Wie können digitale Spiele den Fremdsprachenerwerb unterstützen? - Eine kurze Übersicht über den derzeitigen Stand der Forschung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sonja Gabriel

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Digitalen Spielen wird in den letzten Jahren auch immer häufiger eine Rolle im Fremdsprachenerwerb bzw. im Fremdsprachenunterricht zugestanden, indem sie entweder gezielt im Unterricht eingesetzt werden oder aber auch im Freizeitbereich dazu beitragen, dass sich Lernende mit der Fremdsprache auseinandersetzen. Dieser Beitrag möchte aufzeigen, worin die Potenziale der Spiele liegen (z. B. Motivation, situativer Kontext und Wortschatzerweiterung. Gleichzeitig wird aber auch festgestellt, dass es häufig mit dem Spielen alleine nicht getan ist. Um einen Transfer von im Spiel Gelernten in die Realität zu gewährleisten, ist es notwendig, dass pädagogisch-didaktisch aufbereitete Materialien im Unterrichtssetting eingesetzt werden, damit der Spracherwerb unterstützt wird. Dies belegen auch einige Studien (z. B. Yip/Kwan 2006, Miller/Hegelheimer 2006, Ranalli 2008, die untersucht haben, wie und was aus verschiedenen Spielen (vor allem in Online-Rollenspielen in Bezug auf Fremdsprache gelernt werden kann. Digital games have become more and more important in recent years when it comes to second language acquisition by either using them explicitly in language classes or by being used in non-formal contexts. This article is going to show the potentials of digital games like motivation, providing context and learning new words. However, there will also be a discussion about only playing games not being enough for learning a foreign language. In order to ensure transfer from in-game learning into reality, it is necessary to accompany learning with teaching and learning materials. There are several studies cited (e. g. Yip/Kwan 2006, Miller/Hegelheimer 2006, Ranalli 2008 having looked into how and what gamers learn regarding second (or foreign languages. Most of the studies refer to online role-playing games.

Calibration procedures for mammography dosemeters in Poland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gwiazdowska, B.; Ulkowski, P.; Tolwinski, J.; Bulski, W.

2002-01-01

Breast cancer is the most frequent tumour in women and the effectiveness of the treatment depends dramatically on the early detection of the disease. That is the reason why in Poland the mammography control examinations are strongly supported by the Centre of Oncology. In Poland there are over 400 mammography units which account for about 300,000 examinations per year. An investigation performed by the Medical Physics Department of the Centre of Oncology in Warsaw at about 100 mammography facilities proved that in most cases the doses absorbed by the patients could be reduced without decrease of image quality. This is one of the reasons why the Polish Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) dealing mainly with calibration of radiotherapy dosemeters is extending its activities and therefore new facilities and equipment adapted for calibration of mammographic dosemeters have been installed. The mammography dosimetry calibration equipment is permanently installed in the same laboratory room where the radiotherapy dosemeters are calibrated. A base of a mammography unit no longer in clinical use, together with its movable system has been adapted to handle ionization chamber holders. An X-ray tube with a 50 kV high frequency generator was also installed. The tube, a Varian type OEG-50-2, (designed for laboratory applications) with molybdenum anode of an anode angle 23,7 deg. and with a large focus, effective size approximately 5 mm 2 , has an inherent filtration of 0,25 mm beryllium. It is installed in a housing with 2mm lead shielding; a cone shaped beam is formed by a system of three collimators

Platz der Östrogene in der Primärprävention der Osteoporose

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Birkhäuser M

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Die Gabe von Östrogenen allein (EET oder Östrogene + Gestagen (HET führt zu einer signifikanten Senkung des Frakturrisikos. Die Osteoporoseprävention bleibt in der frühen Postmenopause nach Meinung der Schweizerischen (SMG, der Europäischen (EMAS und der Internationalen (IMS Menopausengesellschaften einer der gesicherten Nutzen einer Östrogengabe und somit eine Therapie der ersten Wahl zur Frakturprävention bei Frauen in der Peri- und frühen Postmenopause. Bei schweren klimakterischen Beschwerden sind EET oder HET das unbestritten wirksamste Therapieprinzip (Hauptindikation einer EET/HET. Die gleichzeitig gesicherte Frakturprävention ist bei der Behandlung des klimakterischen Syndroms ein erwünschter günstiger Nebeneffekt. Jede EET/HET muss individualisiert sein und soll nur solange erfolgen, als sie notwendig ist. Bei gegebener Indikation kann die EET oder HET über die üblichen 3–5 Jahre hinaus fortgesetzt werden. Bei vorzeitiger Menopause (vor dem 40. Altersjahr und früher Menopause (vor dem 45. Altersjahr besteht eine absolute Indikation zum Beginn einer EET/HET. Frauen mit vorzeitiger Ovarialinsuffizienz benötigen meist höhere Dosierungen als solche mit zeitgerechter Menopause. Die EET/HET soll auch aus Gründen der Osteoporoseprävention mindestens bis zum normalen Menopausenalter weitergeführt werden (51– 52 Jahre. Bei Beginn einer HET innerhalb von 10 Jahren nach der Menopause oder in einem Alter von bis zu 60 Jahren überwiegt bei gegebener Indikation der Nutzen die Risiken. Dies muss bei der Behandlungswahl bei jüngeren postmenopausalen Frauen mit erhöhtem Osteoporoserisiko wieder vermehrt berücksichtigt werden, vor allem, wenn gleichzeitig klimakterische Beschwerden vorliegen.

Teilchen, Felder, Quanten von der Quantenmechanik zum Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik

CERN Document Server

Ecker, Gerhard

2017-01-01

Dieses Buch bietet Ihnen eine Einführung in den aktuellen Stand unseres Wissens über die Struktur der Materie. Gerhard Ecker beschreibt verständlich die Entwicklung der modernen Physik vom Beginn des Quantenzeital­ters bis zum Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik, der umfassenden Theorie der fundamentalen Wechselwir­kungen des Mikrokosmos. Dabei wird der Schwerpunkt auf die wichtigsten Entdeckungen und Entwicklungen, beispielsweise der Quantenfeldtheorie, der Eichtheorien und die Zukunft der Teilchenphysik, gelegt. Besonders hebt der Autor auch das Wechselspiel zwischen Theorie und Experiment hervor, die uns helfen, die tiefsten Rätsel der Natur zu ergründen. Teilchen, Felder, Quanten ist für alle geschrieben, die Freude an der Physik haben. Es bietet Abitu­rienten und Studierenden der Physik in den ersten Semestern einen Ansporn, die Physik tiefer zu verstehen. Lehrer und andere an der Phy­sik Interessierte werden darin nützliche Einblicke in die Welt der Teilchenphysik finden. Für Studierende in ...

Tests with films and film-screens using grid-mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolf, G.; Kallinger, G.

1982-01-01

A comparison was made between mammography using grid-technique with a film-screen-system and mammography without grid, and with film-screens and also using industrial films. The image-quality of grid mammography looks like the same than using conventional techniques and industrial films. The problem of soft tissue grid techniques lies in the dose requirements, which was more than using film-screen-techniques without grid. New and improved recording systems, which reduce radiation dose when using the grid technique were analyzed. (orig.) [de

Pain during mammography: Implications for breast screening programmes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrews, F.J.

2001-01-01

Pain experienced during mammography can deter women from attending for breast cancer screening. Review of the current literature on pain experienced during mammography reveals three main areas of interest: reports of the frequency of pain, identification of predictors of pain and strategies for responding to pain. Implications of this literature for breast screening programmes include the need for appropriate measurements of pain during mammography that are valid for screening populations, a further understanding of organizational factors involved in screening programmes that may be predictors of pain and for the development of valid strategies for responding to pain within breast screening programmes. Copyright (2001) Blackwell Science Pty Ltd

Hardware for mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rozhkova, N.I.; Chikirdin, Eh.G.; Ryudiger, Yu.G.; Kochetova, G.P.; Lisachenko, I.V.; Yakobs, O.Eh.

2000-01-01

The comparative studies on various visualization means, in particular, the intensifying screens and films with application of quantitative methods for determining small details on photographs, including measurements of corresponding exposures, absorbed doses and verification of conclusions through the analysis of clinical observations are carried out. It is shown, that technical equipment of the modern mammography room should include the X-ray mammographic apparatus, providing for the image high-quality by low dose loads with special film holders, meeting the mammography requirements, the corresponding X-ray film and the automatic photolaboratory process, provided by one and the same company. The quality of photographs under such conditions is guarantied, the defects and errors by the image interpretation are excluded. The modern computerized information technologies for work with medical images on the basic of creating new generations of diagnostic instrumentation with digital video channels and computerized working places dispose of many medical, technological, organizational and financial problems [ru

Breast Cancer Detection: Mammography and other methods in breast imaging, second edition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bassett, L.W.; Gold, R.H.

1987-01-01

The text addresses mammography and the advantages and limitations of other breast imaging methods presently available. The establishment of X-ray mammography as the safest and most accurate noninvasive method of early, nonpalpable breast cancer detection is addressed in the first section of the book. The second section emphasizes the signs of early cancer, the complete mammographic examination, and the team approach to diagnosis. The advantages and limitations of film-screen mammography, zero mammography, breast ultrasound, thermography, light scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, and ductography are highlighted as alternate methods of detection. The benefits of mammography, and its unmatched value in screeening for breast cancer, are presented in the final section

Response costs of mammography adherence: Iranian women's perceptions.

Science.gov (United States)

Khodayarian, Mahsa; Mazloomi-Mahmoodabad, Seyed Saied; Lamyian, Minoor; Morowatisharifabad, Mohammad Ali; Tavangar, Hossein

2016-01-01

Mammography as the most common secondary prevention method has known to be helpful in detecting breast cancer at the early stages. Low level of participation among women toward mammography uptake due to cultural beliefs is a great concern. This study aimed at exploring the perceptions of women about response costs of mammography adherence (MA) in Yazd, Iran. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was performed. Fourteen women,one oncology nurse, and a breast cancer survivor were purposefully interviewed. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by directed content analysis method based on protection motivation theory (PMT). One main theme was emerged from the analysis namely called "response costs".Two main categories were also emerged from the data; (1) psychological barriers with six subcategories including "embarrassment," "worry about being diagnosed with cancer," "preoccupation with underlying disease," "misconception about mammography," "need for an accompanying person," and "internalizing the experiences of the others," and (2) maladaptive coping modes which encompassed three subcategories: "religious faith," "fatalism," and"avoidance and denial." Useful information was provided about the response costs of mammography utilization based on the perceptions of women. Cognitive barriers may be decreased by conducting modifications in women's awareness and attitude toward MA as well as changing the national health system infrastructures. Incorporating religious and cultural belief systems into MA educational programs through motivational messages is recommended.

Study of mammography in mass screening for breast cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitada, Masahiro; Sakai, Hiroko; Kubo, Yoshihiko; Samejima, Natsuki; Kurowarabi, Kunio; Iwabuchi, Shuji.

1995-01-01

In order to examine the rate of correct diagnosis by mammography at initial mass screening for breast cancer, we carried out a retrospective study of mammography findings in 267 cases of breast cancer detected at Asahikawa Cancer Screening Center. The screening was performed by physical examination, and in cases where disease was suspected, mammography, ultrasonography, and needle biopsy were done. Mammographically, 172 cases (64.4%) were cancer-positive, 58 cases (21.7%) were suspicious for cancer, and 37 cases (13.9%) were cancer-negative. Patients below 50 years of age and those with tumors of small diameter (<20 mm) showed a significantly lower rate of cancer positivity than patients aged 50 years or more and those with tumors 20 mm or more in diameter. Mammographic abnormalities were not specific, since these changes were also found in normal subjects and patients with benign diseases. Therefore, we concluded that mammography without physical examination at initial mass screening has a high risk of missing breast cancer. Mass screening for breast cancer should be performed by physical examination involving inspection and palpation at the first instance. If any suspicious findings are obtained, mammography, ultrasonography, and needle biopsy should be done. (author)

Addition of tomosynthesis to conventional digital mammography: effect on image interpretation time of screening examinations.

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Dang, Pragya A; Freer, Phoebe E; Humphrey, Kathryn L; Halpern, Elkan F; Rafferty, Elizabeth A

2014-01-01

To determine the effect of implementing a screening tomosynthesis program on real-world clinical performance by quantifying differences between interpretation times for conventional screening mammography and combined tomosynthesis and mammography for multiple participating radiologists with a wide range of experience in a large academic center. In this HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study, 10 radiologists prospectively read images from screening digital mammography or screening combined tomosynthesis and mammography examinations for 1-hour-long uninterrupted sessions. Images from 3665 examinations (1502 combined and 2163 digital mammography) from July 2012 to January 2013 were interpreted in at least five sessions per radiologist per modality. The number of cases reported during each session was recorded for each reader. The experience level for each radiologist was also correlated to the average number of cases reported per hour. Analysis of variance was used to assess the number of studies interpreted per hour. A linear regression model was used to evaluate correlation between breast imaging experience and time taken to interpret images from both modalities. The mean number of studies interpreted in hour was 23.8 ± 0.55 (standard deviation) (range, 14.4-40.4) for combined tomosynthesis and mammography and 34.0 ± 0.55 (range, 20.4-54.3) for digital mammography alone. A mean of 10.2 fewer studies were interpreted per hour during combined tomosynthesis and mammography compared with digital mammography sessions (P tomosynthesis and mammography and 1.9 minutes ± 0.6 (range, 1.1-3.0) for digital mammography; interpretation time with combined tomosynthesis and mammography was 0.9 minute longer (47% longer) compared with digital mammography alone (P tomosynthesis and mammography examinations decreased (R(2) = 0.52, P = .03). Addition of tomosynthesis to mammography results in increased time to interpret images from screening examinations compared

Screen-film mammography versus full-field digital mammography in a population-based screening program: The Sogn and Fjordane study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Juel, Inger-Marie; Johannessen, Gunnar; Skaane, Per; Roth Hoff, Solveig; Hofvind, Solveig

2010-01-01

Background: Studies comparing analog and digital mammography in breast cancer screening have shown conflicting results. Little is known about the use of digital photon-counting detectors. Purpose: To retrospectively compare performance indicators in screen-film (SFM) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) using a photon-counting detector in a population-based screening program. Material and Methods: The Norwegian Social Science Data Services approved the study, which was part of the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. The program invites women aged 50-69 years to two-view mammography biannually. The study period was January 2005 to June 2006 for SFM and August 2006 to December 2007 for FFDM. Independent double reading was performed using a five-point rating scale for probability of cancer. Recalls due to abnormal mammography were retrospectively reviewed by an expert panel. Performance indicators for the two techniques were compared. Attendance rate was 83.6% (7442/8901) for SFM and 82.0% (6932/8451) for FFDM. Results: The recall rate due to abnormal mammography, cancer detection rate and positive predictive value did not differ significantly between SFM and FFDM: recall 2.3% (174/7442) versus 2.4% (168/6932), cancer detection 0.39% (29/7442) versus 0.48% (33/6932), positive predictive value 16.7% (29/174) versus 19.6% (33/168), respectively (P>0.05 for all). The recall rate due to technically inadequate mammograms was 0.3% (19/7442) for SFM and 0.01% (1/6932) for FFDM. In the retrospective review, a significantly higher proportion of calcifications and asymmetric density were categorized as normal or definitively benign in FFDM compared with SFM. The average glandular dose was 2.17 mGy for SFM and 1.25 mGy for FFDM. Conclusion: Performance indicators show that FFDM using photon-counting detector is suitable for breast cancer screening. The lower radiation dose and lower recalls due to technically inadequate mammograms are of importance in mammography

Differential Effects of Social Networks on Mammography Use by Poverty Status.

Science.gov (United States)

Yeo, Younsook

2016-01-01

This study examines whether social networks have differential effects on mammography use depending on poverty status. Data were analyzed on US women (40+), employing logistic regression and simple slope analyses for a post hoc probing of moderating effects. Among women not in poverty, living with a spouse/partner and attending church, regardless of frequency, were positively associated with mammography use; family size was negatively associated. Among women living in poverty, mammography showed a positive association only with weekly church attendance. Mammography was negatively associated with health-related social interactions occurring through the Internet. Post hoc probing showed significant moderating effects of poverty on the relationship between online health-related interactions and mammography use. To make the Internet a meaningful health empowerment tool for women in poverty, future research should identify how health-related interactions that occur online affect women in poverty's psychological and behavioral reactions that will contribute to our understanding of why they are discouraged from having mammograms. The mechanisms behind the differential effects of church attendance and poverty status on mammography also need further clarification.

Soft copy digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Hak Hee

2005-01-01

Screen-film mammography (SFM) has been the standard method used for breast cancer screening and making a clinical diagnosis. It is a valuable modality for the detection and differentiation of breast calcifications. The advantages are the high spatital resolution, the convenient display, and inexpensiveness. However, it has some inherent limitations such as its low detective quantum efficiency and difficulty of post-processing after obtaining after an image. Digital mammography (DM) has the potential to overcome the inherent limitations of SFM. DM systems directly qualify x-ray photons and decouple the process of x-ray photon detection from the image display. The digital images can be processed by a computer and displayed in multiple formats. Thus, DM is better than SFM for the detection of mass lesions due to its high contrast resolution

Determinants of mammography screening behavior in Iranian women: A population-based study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mitra Moodi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Breast cancer remains a substantial health concern in Iran due to delay and late stage at diagnosis and treatment. Despite the potential benefits of mammography screening for early detection of breast cancer, the performance of this screening among Iranian women is low. For planning appropriate intervention, this study was carried out to identify mammography rates and explore determinants of mammography screening behavior in females of Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this population-based study, 384 women of 40 years and older were interviewed by telephone. The Farsi version of Champion′s Health Belief Model scale (CHBMS was used to examine factors associated with mammography screening. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS (version 16.0 using statistical Chi-square, Fisher Exact test, t-test and multiple logistic regression model to identify the importance rate of socio-demographic and Health Belief Model (HBM variables to predict mammography screening behavior. In all of tests, the level of significant was considered a = 0.05. Results: Mean age ΁ SD of women was 52.24 ΁ 8.2 years. Of the 384 participants, 44.3% reported at least one mammogram in their lifetime. Logistic regression analysis indicated that women were more likely to have mammography if they heard/read about breast cancer (OR = 4.17, 95% CI 2.09, 8.34, menopause in lower age (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.87, 0.99 and history of breast problem (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.12, 0.32. Also, women who perceived more benefits of mammography (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.63, 2.09, fewer barriers of mammography (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.96 and had more motivation for health (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.89, 1 were more likely to have mammography. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the rate of mammography screening among women in Isfahan province is low and highlights the need for developing a comprehensive national breast cancer control program, which should be considered as the first

At what age should screening mammography be recommended for Asian women?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuchida, Junko; Nagahashi, Masayuki; Rashid, Omar M; Takabe, Kazuaki; Wakai, Toshifumi

2015-01-01

Although regular screening mammography has been suggested to be associated with improvements in the relative survival of breast cancer in recent years, the appropriate age to start screening mammography remains controversial. In November 2009, the United States Preventive Service Task Force published updated guidelines for breast cancer, which no longer support routine screening mammography for women aged 40–49 years, but instead, defer the choice of screening in that age group to the patient and physician. The age to begin screening differs between guidelines, including those from the Task Force, the American Cancer Society and the World Health Organization. It remains unclear how this discrepancy impacts patient survival, especially among certain subpopulations. Although the biological characteristics of breast cancer and peak age of incidence differ among different ethnic populations, there have been few reports that evaluate the starting age for screening mammography based on ethnicity. Here, we discuss the benefits and harm of screening mammography in the fifth decade, and re-evaluate the starting age for screening mammography taking ethnicity into account, focusing on the Asian population. Breast cancer incidence peaked in the fifth decade in Asian women, which has been thought to be due to a combination of biological and environmental factors. Previous reports suggest that Asian women in their 40s may receive more benefit and less harm from screening mammography than the age-matched non-Asian US population. Therefore, starting screening mammography at age 40 may be beneficial for women of Asian ethnicity in well-resourced countries, such as Japanese women who reside in Japan

European radiographers' challenges from mammography education and clinical practice - an integrative review.

Science.gov (United States)

Metsälä, Eija; Richli Meystre, Nicole; Pires Jorge, José; Henner, Anja; Kukkes, Tiina; Sá Dos Reis, Cláudia

2017-06-01

This study aims to identify European radiographers' challenges in clinical performance in mammography and the main areas of mammography that require more and better training. An extensive search was performed to identify relevant studies focused on clinical practice, education and training in mammography published between January 2010 and December 2015 in the English language. The data were analysed by using deductive thematic analysis. A total of 27 full text articles were read, evaluating their quality. Sixteen articles out of 27 were finally selected for this integrative review. The main challenges of radiographers' mammography education/training can be divided into three groups: training needs, challenges related to radiographers, and challenges related to the organization of education. The most common challenges of clinical performance in mammography among European radiographers involved technical performance, the quality of practices, and patient-centeredness. The introduction of harmonized mammography guidelines across Europe may serve as an evidence-based tool to be implemented in practice and education. However, the variability in human and material resources as well as the different cultural contexts should be considered during this process. • Radiographers' awareness of their professional identity and enhancing multiprofessional cooperation in mammography. • Radiographers' responsibilities regarding image quality (IQ) and optimal breast imaging performance. • Patient-centred mammography services focusing on the psychosocial needs of the patient. • Challenges: positioning, QC-testing, IQ-assessment, optimization of breast compression, communication, teamwork, and patient-centred care. • Introduction of evidence-based guidelines in Europe to harmonize mammography practice and education.

Decision making and counseling around mammography screening for women aged 80 or older.

Science.gov (United States)

Schonberg, Mara A; Ramanan, Radhika A; McCarthy, Ellen P; Marcantonio, Edward R

2006-09-01

Despite uncertain benefit, many women over age 80 (oldest-old) receive screening mammography. To explore decision-making and physician counseling of oldest-old women around mammography screening. Qualitative research using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Twenty-three women aged 80 or older who received care at a large academic primary care practice (13 had undergone mammography screening in the past 2 years) and 16 physicians at the same center. We asked patients and physicians to describe factors influencing mammography screening decisions of oldest-old women. We asked physicians to describe their counseling about screening to the oldest-old. Patients and/or physicians identified the importance of physician influence, patient preferences, system factors, and social influences on screening decisions. Although physicians felt that patient's health affected screening decisions, few patients felt that health mattered. Three types of elderly patients were identified: (1) women enthusiastic about screening mammography; (2) women opposed to screening mammography; and (3) women without a preference who followed their physician's recommendation. However, physician counseling about mammography screening to elderly women varies; some individualize discussions; others encourage screening; few discourage screening. Physicians report that discussions about stopping screening can be uncomfortable and time consuming. Physicians suggest that more data could facilitate these discussions. Some oldest-old women have strong opinions about screening mammography while others are influenced by physicians. Discussions about stopping screening are challenging for physicians. More data about the benefits and risks of mammography screening for women aged 80 or older could inform patients and improve provider counseling to lead to more rational use of mammography.

Can positron emission mammography help to identify clinically significant breast cancer in women with suspicious calcifications on mammography?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bitencourt, Almir G.V.; Lima, Eduardo N.P.; Macedo, Bruna R.C.; Conrado, Jorge L.F.A.; Marques, Elvira F.; Chojniak, Rubens [A C Camargo Cancer Center-Department of Imaging, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2017-05-15

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission mammography (PEM) for identifying malignant lesions in patients with suspicious microcalcifications detected on mammography. A prospective, single-centre study that evaluated 40 patients with suspicious calcifications at mammography and indication for percutaneous or surgical biopsy, with mean age of 56.4 years (range: 28-81 years). Patients who agreed to participate in the study underwent PEM with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose before the final histological evaluation. PEM findings were compared with mammography and histological findings. Most calcifications (n = 34; 85.0 %) were classified as BIRADS 4. On histology, there were 25 (62.5 %) benign and 15 (37.5 %) malignant lesions, including 11 (27.5 %) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 4 (10 %) invasive carcinomas. On subjective analysis, PEM was positive in 15 cases (37.5 %) and most of these cases (n = 14; 93.3 %) were confirmed as malignant on histology. There was one false-positive result, which corresponded to a fibroadenoma, and one false negative, which corresponded to an intermediate-grade DCIS. PEM had a sensitivity of 93.3 %, specificity of 96.0 % and accuracy of 95 %. PEM was able to identify all invasive carcinomas and high-grade DCIS (nuclear grade 3) in the presented sample, suggesting that this method may be useful for further evaluation of patients with suspected microcalcifications. (orig.)

THE VALUE OF ULTRASOUND MAMMOGRAPHY IN PALPABLE BREAST MASSES

NARCIS (Netherlands)

VANOORD, JC; VANDERVLIET, AM; THYN, CJP; MAK, B; HOOGEBOOM, GJ

Between January 1987 and May 1988 a prospective study was carried out on 232 women with a palpable breast mass. They underwent physical examination, x-ray mammography and ultrasound mammography. The results of each study were interpreted independently by separate observers, and consensus was

At what age should screening mammography be recommended for Asian women?

Science.gov (United States)

Tsuchida, Junko; Nagahashi, Masayuki; Rashid, Omar M; Takabe, Kazuaki; Wakai, Toshifumi

2015-07-01

Although regular screening mammography has been suggested to be associated with improvements in the relative survival of breast cancer in recent years, the appropriate age to start screening mammography remains controversial. In November 2009, the United States Preventive Service Task Force published updated guidelines for breast cancer, which no longer support routine screening mammography for women aged 40-49 years, but instead, defer the choice of screening in that age group to the patient and physician. The age to begin screening differs between guidelines, including those from the Task Force, the American Cancer Society and the World Health Organization. It remains unclear how this discrepancy impacts patient survival, especially among certain subpopulations. Although the biological characteristics of breast cancer and peak age of incidence differ among different ethnic populations, there have been few reports that evaluate the starting age for screening mammography based on ethnicity. Here, we discuss the benefits and harm of screening mammography in the fifth decade, and re-evaluate the starting age for screening mammography taking ethnicity into account, focusing on the Asian population. Breast cancer incidence peaked in the fifth decade in Asian women, which has been thought to be due to a combination of biological and environmental factors. Previous reports suggest that Asian women in their 40s may receive more benefit and less harm from screening mammography than the age-matched non-Asian US population. Therefore, starting screening mammography at age 40 may be beneficial for women of Asian ethnicity in well-resourced countries, such as Japanese women who reside in Japan. © 2015 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Time for a re-evaluation of mammography in the young? Results of an audit of mammography in women younger than 40 in a resource restricted environment.

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, Liezel; Basro, Sarinah; Apffelstaedt, Justus P; Baatjes, Karin

2011-08-01

Mammography in younger women is considered to be of limited value. In a resource restricted environment without access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and with a high incidence of breast cancer in the young, mammography remains an important diagnostic tool. Recent technical advances and better regulation of mammography make a reassessment of its value in these conditions necessary. Data of all the mammograms performed at a tertiary hospital and private breast clinic between January 2003 and July 2009 in women less than 40 years of age were collected. Indications were the presence of a mass, follow-up after primary cancer therapy, and screening for patients perceived at high risk due to a family history or the presence of atypical hyperplasia. Data acquired were as follows: Demographics, prior breast surgery, indication for mammography, outcome of mammography, diagnostic procedures, and their results. Of 2,167 mammograms, 393 were performed for a palpable mass, diagnostic mammography. In these, the overall cancer detection rate was 40%. If the mammography was reported as breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS(®)) 5 versus BIRADS(®) 3 and 4 versus BIRADS(®) 1 and 2, a final diagnosis of malignancy was established in 96, 48, and 5%, respectively. Of 367 mammograms done for the follow-up after primary treatment of breast cancer, seven cancers were diagnosed for a detection rate of 1.9%. Of 1,312 mammograms performed for screening, the recall rate was 4%; the biopsy rate 2%, and the cancer diagnosis rate 3/1,000 examinations. In contrast to past series, this series has shown that recent advances in mammography have made it a useful tool in the management of breast problems in young women, notably in a resource-restricted environment. Women for screening should be selected carefully.

Situational quality evaluation of mammography services at state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joana, Georgia S.; Oliveira, Mauricio de; Andrade, Mauricio C. de; Cesar, Adriana C.Z.; Peixoto, Joao E.

2011-01-01

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Currently, the most effective method for early detection of this cancer is the mammography, and to achieve the standard definition and contrast, the whole system of imaging must operate under optimal conditions. This paper presents the results of the assessment of mammography centers in the state of Minas Gerais, which was held with the aim of supporting the actions of the State Program of Quality Control in Mammography. These results indicated that less than half of mammography achieved the minimum standard of image quality, endorsing the need of a monitoring more efficient and effective, which led to the establishment, in Minas Gerais, of the monthly monitoring of image quality in mammography. (author)

Factors influencing elderly women's mammography screening decisions: implications for counseling.

Science.gov (United States)

Schonberg, Mara A; McCarthy, Ellen P; York, Meghan; Davis, Roger B; Marcantonio, Edward R

2007-11-16

Although guidelines recommend that clinicians consider life expectancy before screening older women for breast cancer, many older women with limited life expectancies are screened. We aimed to identify factors important to mammography screening decisions among women aged 80 and older compared to women aged 65-79. Telephone surveys of 107 women aged 80+ and 93 women aged 65-79 randomly selected from one academic primary care practice who were able to communicate in English (60% response rate). The survey addressed the following factors in regards to older women's mammography screening decisions: perceived importance of a history of breast disease, family history of breast cancer, doctor's recommendations, habit, reassurance, previous experience, mailed reminder cards, family/friend's recommendations or experience with breast cancer, age, health, and media. The survey also assessed older women's preferred role in decision making around mammography screening. Of the 200 women, 65.5% were non-Hispanic white and 82.8% were in good to excellent health. Most (81.3%) had undergone mammography in the past 2 years. Regardless of age, older women ranked doctor's recommendations as the most important factor influencing their decision to get screened. Habit and reassurance were the next two highly ranked factors influencing older women to get screened. Among women who did not get screened, women aged 80 and older ranked age and doctor's counseling as the most influential factors and women aged 65-79 ranked a previous negative experience with mammography as the most important factor. There were no significant differences in preferred role in decision-making around mammography screening by age, however, most women in both age groups preferred to make the final decision on their own (46.6% of women aged 80+ and 50.5% of women aged 65-79). While a doctor's recommendation is the most important factor influencing elderly women's mammography screening decisions, habit and reassurance

Meilensteine in der Erforschung der kompakten Objekte

Science.gov (United States)

Camenzind, Max

Kompakte Objekte besitzen zum einen eine sehr hohe Dichte, und zum anderen sind sie durch die Tatsache charakterisiert, dass keine nuklearen Reaktionen mehr in ihrem Inneren stattfinden können. Aus diesem Grund können sie im Unterschied zu gewöhnlichen Sternen der Gravitation nicht mehr mit dem Druck des thermischen Gases widerstehen. In den Weißen Zwergen bzw. Neutronensternen wird der Gravitation der Quantendruck eines Elektronengases bzw. einer Neutronenflüssigkeit entgegengesetzt. Ein solches Gas besteht aus Elektronen bzw. Neutronen, die auf ihr niedrigstes Energieniveau zusammengepresst wurden. Durch die daraus resultierende hohe Bewegungsenergie der Fermionen wird der sogenannte Quantendruck erzeugt.

Patterns and determinants of mammography screening in Lebanese women

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadia Elias

2017-03-01

Providing mammography free-of-charge may alleviate some obstacles among women with socio-economic disadvantage. Stressing that good results one year do not make the cancer less likely or repeating the test less important, as well as improving the comfort of mammography testing could ensure test repeating.

The relationship of social support concept and repeat mammography among Iranian women.

Science.gov (United States)

Farhadifar, Fariba; Taymoori, Parvaneh; Bahrami, Mitra; Zarea, Shamsy

2015-10-24

Breast cancer ranks as the first most common cancer among the Iranian women. The regular repeat of mammography with 1-2 year intervals leads to the increased efficiency of early detection of breast cancer. The present study examined the predictors of repeat mammography. It was hypothesized that higher social support is connected with mammography repeat. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 women 50 years and older in Sanandaj, Iran. Data was collected by the questionnaire including information on socio demographical variables and measuring social support level. Data was analyzed by SPSS16 software. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the predictive power of demographic variables and dimensions of social support for repeat mammography. Women aged 50-55 years had three times odds of repeat mammography compared to women aged 56-60 years) OR, 3.02). Married women had greater odds of repeat mammography compared to single women (P women with higher social support was 0.93 times greater than the women with lower social support (OR, 0.93; 95 % CI, 0.91-0.95; P women are less likely repeat mammography than other Asian women. Identifying the associations between perceived social support and repeat mammography may offer detailed information to allow for future study and guide the development of interventions not only for Iranian women but also for similar cultural that received pay too little attention to date in the breast cancer literature.

Rayleigh imaging in spectral mammography

Science.gov (United States)

Berggren, Karl; Danielsson, Mats; Fredenberg, Erik

2016-03-01

Spectral imaging is the acquisition of multiple images of an object at different energy spectra. In mammography, dual-energy imaging (spectral imaging with two energy levels) has been investigated for several applications, in particular material decomposition, which allows for quantitative analysis of breast composition and quantitative contrast-enhanced imaging. Material decomposition with dual-energy imaging is based on the assumption that there are two dominant photon interaction effects that determine linear attenuation: the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. This assumption limits the number of basis materials, i.e. the number of materials that are possible to differentiate between, to two. However, Rayleigh scattering may account for more than 10% of the linear attenuation in the mammography energy range. In this work, we show that a modified version of a scanning multi-slit spectral photon-counting mammography system is able to acquire three images at different spectra and can be used for triple-energy imaging. We further show that triple-energy imaging in combination with the efficient scatter rejection of the system enables measurement of Rayleigh scattering, which adds an additional energy dependency to the linear attenuation and enables material decomposition with three basis materials. Three available basis materials have the potential to improve virtually all applications of spectral imaging.

Potential Cost Savings of Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography.

Science.gov (United States)

Patel, Bhavika K; Gray, Richard J; Pockaj, Barbara A

2017-06-01

The purpose of this article is to discuss whether the sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) render it a viable diagnostic alternative to breast MRI. That CEDM couples low-energy images (comparable to the diagnostic quality of standard mammography) and subtracted contrast-enhanced mammograms make it a cost-effective modality and a realistic substitute for the more costly breast MRI.

Mammography in Norway: Image quality and total performance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olsen, J.B.; Skretting, A.; Widmark, A.

1997-04-01

This report describes a method for assessing the total performance in mammography based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. In the time period from December 1993 to March 1994 the method was applied to assess the total performance of all the 45 Norwegian mammography laboratories operative at that time. Image quality characteristics in each laboratory was established by use of well-known phantoms

Object characterization simulator for estimating compressed breast during mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinheiro, Luciana de J.S.; Rio, Margarita Chevalier del

2011-01-01

The measurement of the thickness of a compressed breast during the mammography test is necessary in order to calculate the glandular dose in mammography procedures, in an analysis of risk/benefit, given that the target organ in these procedures is highly sensitive to ionising radiation. However, mammography is a test of utmost importance in diagnosis. In theory, it may be possible to calculate the thickness of the compressed breast through the measurements of the focus object distance by using projections of radio opaque objects fixed to the compression tray. The facilities of the Laboratory of Applied Radioprotection to Mammography - LARAM were used for this study, as well as breast simulators with well defined thickness, in the assembly of the techniques for the measurement of the thickness of the compressed breast. The results showed that it is possible to determine this thickness through calculations and simulators through this method which is susceptible to be adequate to the dosimetry. (author)

Estimation of patient dose in mammography screening examinations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, S.; Fujii, S.; Orito, T.; Asada, Y.; Koga, S.; Horita, K.; Kido, C.

1996-01-01

Mammography is one of the most effective examinations for detecting breast carcinoma. Although the dose is usually much higher than that in other types of X-ray examination, that is accepted by the patient because for fears of suffering cancer. Benefit of relatively high doses derived from mammographic examinations is considered to well exceed the risk of cancer induction by radiation exposure. The purpose of this study is to investigate patient dose of mammography in Japan by questionnaire sent to 531 institutions selected from whole Japan and direct measurements carried out in 28 hospitals in Aichi Prefecture. The user's guide in mammography published by NCRP and Quality Assurance Program of American College of Radiology were used to assess the exposure and image quality of mammogram. (author)

Dual-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM).

Science.gov (United States)

Daniaux, Martin; De Zordo, Tobias; Santner, Wolfram; Amort, Birgit; Koppelstätter, Florian; Jaschke, Werner; Dromain, Clarisse; Oberaigner, Willi; Hubalek, Michael; Marth, Christian

2015-10-01

Dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography is one of the latest developments in breast care. Imaging with contrast agents in breast cancer was already known from previous magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography studies. However, high costs, limited availability-or high radiation dose-led to the development of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM). We reviewed the current literature, present our experience, discuss the advantages and drawbacks of CESM and look at the future of this innovative technique.

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in patients referred from the breast cancer screening programme.

Science.gov (United States)

Lobbes, Marc B I; Lalji, Ulrich; Houwers, Janneke; Nijssen, Estelle C; Nelemans, Patty J; van Roozendaal, Lori; Smidt, Marjolein L; Heuts, Esther; Wildberger, Joachim E

2014-07-01

Feasibility studies have shown that contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) increases diagnostic accuracy of mammography. We studied diagnostic accuracy of CESM in patients referred from the breast cancer screening programme, who have a lower disease prevalence than previously published papers on CESM. During 6 months, all women referred to our hospital were eligible for CESM. Two radiologists blinded to the final diagnosis provided BI-RADS classifications for conventional mammography and CESM. Statistical significance of differences between mammography and CESM was calculated using McNemar's test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for both imaging modalities. Of the 116 eligible women, 113 underwent CESM. CESM increased sensitivity to 100.0% (+3.1%), specificity to 87.7% (+45.7%), PPV to 76.2% (+36.5%) and NPV to 100.0% (+2.9%) as compared to mammography. Differences between conventional mammography and CESM were statistically significant (p mammography, AUC was 0.779. With CESM, AUC increased to 0.976 (p mammography, even in lower prevalence patient populations such as referrals from breast cancer screening. • CESM is feasible in the workflow of referrals from routine breast screening. • CESM is superior to mammography, even in low disease prevalence populations. • CESM has an extremely high negative predictive value for breast cancer. • CESM is comparable to MRI in assessment of breast cancer extent. • CESM is comparable to histopathology in assessment of breast cancer extent.

Bi-directional x-ray phase-contrast mammography.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kai Scherer

Full Text Available Phase-contrast x-ray imaging is a promising improvement of conventional absorption-based mammography for early tumor detection. This potential has been demonstrated recently, utilizing structured gratings to obtain differential phase and dark-field scattering images. However, the inherently anisotropic imaging sensitivity of the proposed mono-directional approach yields only insufficient diagnostic information, and has low diagnostic sensitivity to highly oriented structures. To overcome these limitations, we present a two-directional x-ray phase-contrast mammography approach and demonstrate its advantages by applying it to a freshly dissected, cancerous mastectomy breast specimen. We illustrate that the two-directional scanning procedure overcomes the insufficient diagnostic value of a single scan, and reliably detects tumor structures, independently from their orientation within the breast. Our results indicate the indispensable diagnostic necessity and benefit of a multi-directional approach for x-ray phase-contrast mammography.

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in patients referred from the breast cancer screening programme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lobbes, Marc B.I.; Wildberger, Joachim E. [Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Maastricht (Netherlands); GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht (Netherlands); Lalji, Ulrich; Houwers, Janneke; Nijssen, Estelle C. [Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Maastricht (Netherlands); Nelemans, Patty J. [Maastricht University, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht (Netherlands); Roozendaal, Lori van; Heuts, Esther [Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, Maastricht (Netherlands); Smidt, Marjolein L. [Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, Maastricht (Netherlands); GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht (Netherlands)

2014-07-15

Feasibility studies have shown that contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) increases diagnostic accuracy of mammography. We studied diagnostic accuracy of CESM in patients referred from the breast cancer screening programme, who have a lower disease prevalence than previously published papers on CESM. During 6 months, all women referred to our hospital were eligible for CESM. Two radiologists blinded to the final diagnosis provided BI-RADS classifications for conventional mammography and CESM. Statistical significance of differences between mammography and CESM was calculated using McNemar's test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for both imaging modalities. Of the 116 eligible women, 113 underwent CESM. CESM increased sensitivity to 100.0 % (+3.1 %), specificity to 87.7 % (+45.7 %), PPV to 76.2 % (+36.5 %) and NPV to 100.0 % (+2.9 %) as compared to mammography. Differences between conventional mammography and CESM were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). A similar trend was observed in the ROC curve. For conventional mammography, AUC was 0.779. With CESM, AUC increased to 0.976 (p < 0.0001). In addition, good agreement between tumour diameters measured using CESM, breast MRI and histopathology was observed. CESM increases diagnostic performance of conventional mammography, even in lower prevalence patient populations such as referrals from breast cancer screening. (orig.)

Compliance with European Guidelines for Diagnostic Mammography in a Decentralized Health-Care Setting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jensen, A.; Mikkelsen, G.J.; Vestergaard, M.; Lynge, E.; Vejborg, I.

2005-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the compliance of Danish mammography clinics with requirements concerning organization, activity volume, and assessment procedures from two European guidelines for quality assurance in diagnostic mammography (EUSOMA and EUREF). Material and Methods: We used individual records on all diagnostic mammographies performed in Denmark in 2000, and questionnaires given to Danish mammography clinics in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Results: The study showed a marked centralization of the diagnostic activity from 2000 to 2004 to a smaller number of public breast assessment centers with full multidisciplinary breast assessment. However, a relatively large number of these centers did not comply with the activity volume requirement of 2000 mammograms per clinic per year. The number of private diagnostic mammography clinics performing basic diagnostic mammography has remained fairly stable in the period 2000 to 2004. Compared with public breast assessment centers, the private diagnostic mammography clinics had a lower compliance with activity volume requirements. Conclusion: A marked proportion of Danish public breast assessment centers operate with less than optimal activity volume, suggesting that further centralization would be appropriate. The situation in private diagnostic mammography clinics may cause concern, as our study showed that the majority of these clinics did not meet the activity volume requirements

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in patients referred from the breast cancer screening programme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lobbes, Marc B.I.; Wildberger, Joachim E.; Lalji, Ulrich; Houwers, Janneke; Nijssen, Estelle C.; Nelemans, Patty J.; Roozendaal, Lori van; Heuts, Esther; Smidt, Marjolein L.

2014-01-01

Feasibility studies have shown that contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) increases diagnostic accuracy of mammography. We studied diagnostic accuracy of CESM in patients referred from the breast cancer screening programme, who have a lower disease prevalence than previously published papers on CESM. During 6 months, all women referred to our hospital were eligible for CESM. Two radiologists blinded to the final diagnosis provided BI-RADS classifications for conventional mammography and CESM. Statistical significance of differences between mammography and CESM was calculated using McNemar's test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for both imaging modalities. Of the 116 eligible women, 113 underwent CESM. CESM increased sensitivity to 100.0 % (+3.1 %), specificity to 87.7 % (+45.7 %), PPV to 76.2 % (+36.5 %) and NPV to 100.0 % (+2.9 %) as compared to mammography. Differences between conventional mammography and CESM were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). A similar trend was observed in the ROC curve. For conventional mammography, AUC was 0.779. With CESM, AUC increased to 0.976 (p < 0.0001). In addition, good agreement between tumour diameters measured using CESM, breast MRI and histopathology was observed. CESM increases diagnostic performance of conventional mammography, even in lower prevalence patient populations such as referrals from breast cancer screening. (orig.)

Analysis of medical exposures in digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, Sergio R.; Mantuano, Natalia O.; Albrecht, Afonso S.

2014-01-01

Currently, the use of digital mammography in the early diagnosis of breast cancer is increasingly common due to the production of high definition image that allows to detect subtle changes in breast images profiles. However it is necessary to be an improvement of the technique used since some devices offer minimization parameters of entrance dose to the skin. Thus, this study seeks to examine how the qualification of technical professionals in radiology interferes with the use of the techniques applied in mammography. For this, survey was carried out in a hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which evaluated the scans of 1190 patients undergoing routine mammography (It is considered routinely the 4 basic exhibitions: with 2 flow skull and 2 medium oblique side, excluding repeats and supplements) in 2013. The medical exposures analyzed obtained from a single full digital equipment, model Senographe DS were compared with three different procedures performed by professionals in mammography techniques. The images were classified according to exposure techniques available in the equipment: Standard (STD), contrast (CNT) and dose (dose), and to be selected as breast density of the patient. Comparing the variation of the radiographic technique in relation to the professional who made the exhibition, what is observed is that the professional B presented the best conduct in relation to radiological protection, because she considered breast density in the choice of technical equipment parameter. The professional A, which is newly formed, and C, which has more service time, almost did not perform variations in the pattern of exposure, even for different breast densities. Thus, we can conclude that there is a need to update the professionals so that the tools available of dose limitation and mamas variability to digital mammography are efficiently employed in the service routine and thus meet the requirements of current legislation

Data Curation oder (Retro Digitalisierung ist mehr als die Produktion von Daten

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Klaus Kempf

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Nahezu jede Bibliothek, die über Altbestand verfügt, beschäftigt sich heute mit dem Thema Digitalisierung. Dabei wird oftmals übersehen, dass die dauerhafte und möglichst nutzerfreundliche Bereitstellung (und letztlich die Archivierung der erzeugten Daten organisatorische Anforderungen ganz eigener Art an die bestandshaltende Institution stellt. Anders als bei analogen Materialien ist es mit dem sachgerechten Vorhalten und der Ausgabe des Sammelguts in buchklimatisch möglichst einwandfreien Räumlichkeiten nicht getan. Elektronische Dokumente, egal welcher Herkunft, welchen Umfangs, Typs und Inhalts, verlangen – weitgehend unabhängig von ihrer tatsächlichen Inanspruchnahme – ein aktives und extrem aufwändiges Datenmanagement sowie eine intensive Datenpflege. Dazu kommen der Betrieb und das regelmäßige Update der für das Datenangebot notwendigen Hard- und Software. Dieses Tun wird in der angelsächsischen Bibliothekswelt gemeinhin mit dem Begriff „digital curation“ oder „data curation“, manchmal auch mit „data stewardship“ umschrieben. Organisationsstrukturen und Arbeitsabläufe (Geschäftsgänge des digitalen Servicekonzepts der Bibliothek müssen darauf ausgelegt sein, die notwendigen personellen und finanziellen Ressourcen müssen dafür eingeplant und bereitgestellt werden. In deutschen Bibliotheken wird diesem wesentlichen Aspekt des digitalen Arbeitens nach wie vor viel zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt, dabei ist er für die Qualität des (digitalen Servicekonzepts und seiner Nutzerakzeptanz von herausragender Bedeutung. In dem Beitrag sollen vor dem Hintergrund der langjährigen Erfahrungen in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek (BSB die Dimension und Komplexität des Problems aufgezeigt sowie mittlerweile praxiserprobte Lösungsansätze vorgestellt werden. Today almost every library with historic collections faces the question of digitisation. However, it is often ignored that a long-term and

Promoting mammography screening among Chinese American women using a message-framing intervention.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yiyuan; Sarma, Elizabeth A; Moyer, Anne; Messina, Catherine R

2015-07-01

This study examined the role of women's perceptions about the relative pros versus cons (decisional balance) of mammography in moderating Chinese American women's responses to gain- and loss-framed messages that promote mammography. One hundred and forty-three Chinese American women who were currently nonadherent to guidelines for receiving annual screening mammograms were randomly assigned to read either a gain- or loss-framed culturally appropriate print brochure about mammography screening. Mammography screening was self-reported at a 2-month follow-up. Although there was not a main effect for message frame, the hypothesized interaction between message frame and decisional balance was significant, indicating that women who received a framed message that matched their decisional balance were significantly more likely to have obtained a mammogram by the follow-up than women who received a mismatched message. Results suggest that decisional balance, and more generally, perceptions about mammography, may be an important moderator of framing effects for mammography among Chinese American women. The match between message frame and decisional balance should be considered when attempting to encourage Chinese American women to receive mammography screening, as a match between the two may be most persuasive. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Umsetzung der Unternehmensstrategie mit der Balanced Scorecard

Science.gov (United States)

Crespo, Isabel; Bergmann, Lars; Portmann, Stefan; Lacker, Thomas; Lacker, Michael; Fleischmann, Jürgen; Kozó, Hans

Die Balanced Scorecard (BSC) ist ein Ansatz zum strategischen Management, der neben der Ausrichtung des Unternehmens auf finanzielle Zielwerte ebenso großes Gewicht auf so genannte weiche Faktoren legt, die den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg eines Unternehmens erst ermöglichen. Das entscheidende Merkmal der Balanced Scorecard ist dabei, dass sie ein ausgewogenes System strategischer Ziele herstellt, welches das Unternehmen hinsichtlich der vier Perspektiven Finanzen, Kunden, interne Prozesse und Mitarbeiter und Potenziale strategisch ausrichtet (Kaplan u. Norton 1997).

Cultural views, language ability, and mammography use in Chinese American women.

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Wenchi; Wang, Judy; Chen, Mei-Yuh; Feng, Shibao; Yi, Bin; Mandelblatt, Jeanne S

2009-12-01

Mammography screening rates among Chinese American women have been reported to be low. This study examines whether and how culture views and language ability influence mammography adherence in this mostly immigrant population. Asymptomatic Chinese American women (n = 466) aged 50 and older, recruited from the Washington, D.C. area, completed a telephone interview. Regular mammography was defined as having two mammograms at age-appropriate recommended intervals. Cultural views were assessed by 30 items, and language ability measured women's ability in reading, writing, speaking, and listening to English. After controlling for risk perception, worry, physician recommendation, family encouragement, and access barriers, women holding a more Chinese/Eastern cultural view were significantly less likely to have had regular mammograms than those having a Western cultural view. English ability was positively associated with mammography adherence. The authors' results imply that culturally sensitive and language-appropriate educational interventions are likely to improve mammography adherence in this population.

Patterns and determinants of mammography screening in Lebanese women.

Science.gov (United States)

Elias, Nadia; Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R; Adib, Salim M

2017-03-01

The associations of ever using and/or repeating a mammography test with psychosocial and socio-demographic factors were surveyed in 2014 among Lebanese women ≥ 40. A sample of 2400 women was selected across Lebanon. Variables with significant bivariate associations with various types of behaviors were entered in multivariate analysis. Of the total, 105 women (4·4%) had never heard of mammography as a tool for early breast cancer detection. Among the remaining 2295, 45% had ever used it, of whom 10% had obtained it for the first time within the 12 months preceding the survey. Repeaters were 67% of 926 women who had the time opportunity to do so (median lifetime frequency: 2). Older age, higher socio-economic status (SES) and living within the Greater Beirut (GB) area were significantly associated with ever-use. Within GB, psychosocial factors such as perceived susceptibility and benefits were most strongly associated with ever-use. Outside GB, socio-economic advantage seemed to mostly affect ever-use. Only 4% reported opposition from husbands to their mammography, and husband's support was significant for adherence to mammography guidelines mostly outside GB. Higher education emerged also as a significant socio-demographic determinant for ever-repeating in all regions. Perceived comfort of the previous test strongly affected the likelihood of repeating it. Providing mammography free-of-charge may alleviate some obstacles among women with socio-economic disadvantage. Stressing that good results one year do not make the cancer less likely or repeating the test less important, as well as improving the comfort of mammography testing could ensure test repeating.

A computerized expert system for mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jackson, V.P.; Dines, K.A.; Bassett, L.W.

1988-01-01

The authors have developed a computer-based expert system to aid in the interpretation of mammograms, breast sonograms, and clinical findings. The radiologist enters clinical and image data into the artificial intelligence system and receives a prediction of the etiology of lesions seen on breast imaging studies. This prototype interactive system has undergone preliminary clinical testing and evaluation. Ultimately, a more refined and complex system will be of value in mammography education, for general radiologists without ready access to mammography experts, for paramedical personnel, and for all mammographers in need of a breast imaging database and reporting systems

Patients Mammographic Dose Survey in a Sample of Slovak Mammography Departments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikodemova, D.; Horvathova, M.; Gbelcova, L.

2008-01-01

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the most frequent cause of cancer induced deaths in Europe. Demographic trends indicate a continuing increase in this substantial public health problem. Systematic early detection, effective diagnostic pathways and high quality services have the ability for lowering the breast cancer mortality rates and for reducing the burden of this disease in the population The widespread use of mammography for early breast cancer detection is highly accepted all over the world. For achievement of a successful national mammography programme in Slovakia, a national QA/QC mammography system was introduced. Coming from alarming values of increase of malignant neoplasm of breast in Slovakia a national mammography audit has been initiated, performed in three runs and working in three phases: assessment of existing status of practice and equipment performance, as well as education and training of radiologists and radiographers of 42 mammography departments; implementation of technical quality programme and patient dose evaluation; clinical image evaluation. Preventive mammography in spite of being a reasonable examination, which represents health benefit for patient, exceed also the health risk. In 1991-1996 mammographic examination created 1.3% from all medical radiodiagnostic expositions made in Slovakia. In 2005 there were realized 241 208 mammographic examinations, 140 798 of them were noticed like preventive examinations. In 2006 the number of all mammographic examinations in Slovakia increased to 271 755 and of them 156 199 were preventive mammographic examinations. In our presentation we tried to establish the average absorbed glandular doses of patients undergoing mammography examinations in 10 selected departments and to compare the obtained results with European diagnostic reference values. The obtained values were used for the proposal of a new national diagnostic reference value for mammography examinations

Comparison of TLD air kerma measurements in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pernicka, F.

2002-01-01

The mammography examination is usually targeted at asymptomatic women so the narrow balance between benefit and undesirable effects is important. During the past few decades there have been significant advances in the equipment used for mammography. Even when the latest equipment and imaging systems are used, there is considerable variation from centre-to-centre in the choice of imaging parameters and techniques. There may be quite large differences in image quality and breast dose among the centres. A Co-ordinated Research Programme on 'Image quality and patient dose optimization in mammography in Eastern European Countries' was conducted by the IAEA, aiming at defining a methodology for the implementation of a quality assurance (QA) programme in mammography and at exercising the assessment of image quality and patient doses in a sample of hospitals in East European countries. Selected mammography clinics from Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia participate in the project. The teams consisted of experienced clinicians and physicists. They were supported by a group of experts (clinicians and medical physicists) from France, Italy and Spain. As an outcome of the project, improvements in these indicators (image quality and patient dose) after the implementation of the QA programme are expected. A comparison of dosimetry systems has been organized to assure that dosimetry measurements done in the frame of the project are comparable and traceable to the international measurement system. All five East European countries plus Spain took part in the exercise. The thermoluminescent (TL) method was selected for the comparison

Technical quality control - constancy controls for digital mammography systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pedersen, K.; Landmark, I.D.; Bredholt, K.; Hauge, I.H.R.

2009-04-01

To ensure the quality of mammographic images, so-called constancy control tests are performed frequently. The report contains a programme for constancy control of digital mammography systems, encompassing the mammography unit, computed radiography (CR) systems, viewing conditions and displays, printers, and procedures for data collection for patient dose calculations. (Author)

Der mediale Habitus in der frühen Kindheit

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Swertz

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Die empirische Untersuchung der Medienkultur 3- bis 6-jähriger Kindergartenkinder steht im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags. Zum Verständnis der Medienkultur wird der Begriff des medialen Habitus verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Begriff des me-dialen Habitus geeignet ist, um die Medienkultur 3- bis 6-Jähriger zu verstehen, und dass der Ausdruck des medialen Habitus mit einem triangulativen qualitativen Design erfasst werden kann.

[Commentary on the planned restructuring of mammography screening in Austria].

Science.gov (United States)

Vutuc, Christian; Haidinger, Gerald

2011-08-01

With regards to the planned reorganisation of screening mammography in Austria - from an opportunistic to an organised system - the problems related with such a change are depicted from an epidemiological point of view. We were able to demonstrate earlier that opportunistic screening mammography matches the results of controlled screening mammography in Finland and Sweden. Switching to a controlled system in Austria would - besides the need for a change in legislation - lead to enormous expenditures in terms of resources needed and moreover, it could be not evaluated for years.

Anxiety in mammography: mammographers' and clients' perspectives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galletta, S.; Joel, N.; Maguire, R.; Weaver, K.; Poulos, A.

2003-01-01

The aim of this study was to identify causes of anxiety experienced by mammographers and clients during mammography and strategies to decrease the anxiety generated by the mammographic procedure. Two questionnaires were distributed: one to mammographers in public and private centres within NSW, the other to women (clients) who have experienced mammography. Mammographers' and clients' rankings of causes of clients' anxiety demonstrated many similarities indicating the mammographers' acknowledgement of factors contributing to client anxiety. Thematic analysis provided important qualitative data concerning anxiety experienced by both mammographers and clients and the influence of mammographer and client behaviour on that anxiety. The results of this study have provided important new knowledge for mammographic practice and mammography education. By understanding the causes of anxiety experienced by clients, mammographers can provide an informed, empathetic approach to the mammographic process. By acknowledging factors which increase their own anxiety mammographers can reduce the impact of this on themselves and on their clients. Copyright (2003) Australian Institute of Radiography

Breast cancer screening: the underuse of mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fox, S.; Baum, J.K.; Klos, D.S.; Tsou, C.V.

1985-01-01

The early detection of breast cancer is promoted by the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) by encouraging the regular use of three types of screening: breast self-examination (BSE), the clinical breast examination, and mammography. In August 1983, the ACS publicized seven recommendations pertaining to screening, including a revised statement about the routine use of mammography for women between the ages of 40 and 49 years. In response to the ACS statement, the present study assessed compliance with the updated recommendations for all three types of screening. The results show reasonable rates of compliance for the BSE (53%-69%) and clinical examination (70%-78%). In contrast, only 19% of the women between the ages of 35 and 49 and 25% of the women older than 50 reported complying with the recommendation to undergo one baseline screening mammogram. Some implications for health education by physicians and the professional education of physicians in the use of mammography are discussed

Automated daily quality control analysis for mammography in a multi-unit imaging center.

Science.gov (United States)

Sundell, Veli-Matti; Mäkelä, Teemu; Meaney, Alexander; Kaasalainen, Touko; Savolainen, Sauli

2018-01-01

Background The high requirements for mammography image quality necessitate a systematic quality assurance process. Digital imaging allows automation of the image quality analysis, which can potentially improve repeatability and objectivity compared to a visual evaluation made by the users. Purpose To develop an automatic image quality analysis software for daily mammography quality control in a multi-unit imaging center. Material and Methods An automated image quality analysis software using the discrete wavelet transform and multiresolution analysis was developed for the American College of Radiology accreditation phantom. The software was validated by analyzing 60 randomly selected phantom images from six mammography systems and 20 phantom images with different dose levels from one mammography system. The results were compared to a visual analysis made by four reviewers. Additionally, long-term image quality trends of a full-field digital mammography system and a computed radiography mammography system were investigated. Results The automated software produced feature detection levels comparable to visual analysis. The agreement was good in the case of fibers, while the software detected somewhat more microcalcifications and characteristic masses. Long-term follow-up via a quality assurance web portal demonstrated the feasibility of using the software for monitoring the performance of mammography systems in a multi-unit imaging center. Conclusion Automated image quality analysis enables monitoring the performance of digital mammography systems in an efficient, centralized manner.

Die Institution der Sonnenjungfrauen bei den Inkas : ihre Rolle in der Religion und der Gesellschaft / Tarmo Kulmar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kulmar, Tarmo, 1950-

2003-01-01

Ettekanne sümpoosionilt: Gemeinsames Symposium der Evangelisch-Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Tartu, der Estnischen Studiengesellschaft für Morgenlandkunde und der Deutschen Religionsgeschichtlichen Studiengesellschaft. Tartu, 2001

Phänomenologie und qualitative Datenanalyse-Software (QDAS): Versuch einer Aussöhnung

OpenAIRE

Sohn, Brian Kelleher

2017-01-01

Ein häufig zitierter Phänomenologe, Max VAN MANEN (2014), erachtet qualitative Datenanalyse-Software (QDAS) als ungeeignet für phänomenologische Forschung, und Phänomenolog/innen diskutieren nur selten, wie geforscht werden sollte: mit Stift, Papier, Computer? DAVIDSON und DI GREGORIO (2011) laden QDAS-Kritiker/innen wie VAN MANEN ein, ihre methodologische Loyalität zu überdenken und an der digitalen Welt teilzuhaben, zumal alle qualitativen Forscher/innen unabhängig von ihrer methodologische...

Review: Gerd Jüttemann (Hrsg. (2013. Die Entwicklung der Psyche in der Geschichte der Menschheit

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uwe Krebs

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Der Vorbereitungsband für die Reihe "Die Psychogenese der Menschheit" – ein Sammelband aus 32 Beiträgen, betitelt "Die Entwicklung der Psyche in der Geschichte der Menschheit" und 2013 herausgegeben von Gerd JÜTTEMANN – wird in dieser Besprechung in mehreren Schritten vorgestellt und bewertet. Zunächst wird kontextuell argumentiert, dass die bewährte, empirisch-experimentelle Methodologie der Psychologie zur Vernachlässigung weiterer Erkenntnisverfahren führte, die bei Themen wie dem hier zu besprechenden Werk allein verbleiben und die kurz angesprochen werden. Sodann wird das Werk im Überblick knapp dargestellt und die außergewöhnliche Heterogenität in Inhalten und Methoden betont. Die Besprechung einzelner Beiträge, die nach dem Gesichtspunkt großer Unterschiedlichkeit ausgewählt wurden, schließt sich an. Die abschließende Gesamtbewertung betont den lückenhaften Forschungsstand, die Notwendigkeit der allein verbleibenden qualitativen Methodik mit ihren verschiedenen Möglichkeiten und nennt Desiderata künftigen Vorgehens für diesen thematisch und methodisch interessanten Auftakt-Band, der insbesondere durch Dichte und Verschiedenheit der Beiträge beeindruckt. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1502219

Quality control: comparison of images quality with screen film system and digital mammography CR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarenga, Frederico L.; Nogueira, Maria do Socorro

2008-01-01

The mammography screen film system should be used as part of processing chemicals, revelation process, equipment and this system has have a progressive replacing by the digital technology Full Field Digital Mammography FFDM, Computed Radiography (CR) Mammography and hardcopy. This new acquisition process of medical images has improved radiology section; however it is necessary efficient means for evaluating of the quality parameters. It should be considered taking into account the adaptation of the existent equipment and that procedures adopted for the exam, as well the adaptation of the new mammography films, the radiologist view box constitutes a part of the quality control program. This program aims at obtaining radiography with good quality that allows obtaining more information for the diagnosis and decreases the patient dose. For evaluation the quality image, this article is focused on presenting the differences regarding the acquired images through simulator mammography radiographic PMMA (Poly methyl methacrylate) in CR Mammography system and screen film system. The tests were accomplished at the same equipment of Mammography with the Automatic Exposure Control using a tension of 28 kV for both systems. The quality tests evaluated the spatial resolution, the own structures of the phantom, artifacts, optical density and contrast with conventional and laser films by mammography system. The installation for the accomplishment of the test has a quality control program. The evaluation was based on the pattern developed by the competent organ of the State of Minas Gerais. In this study, it was verified that the suitable Phantom Mama used by the Brazilian School of Radiology for conventional mammography did not obtain satisfactory result for Spatial Resolution in the digital mammography system CR. The final aim of this work is to obtain parameters to characterize the reference phantom quality image in an objective way. These parameters will be used to compare

Erschließung der medizinhistorischen Separatasammlungen der Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien

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Sabine Wallig; Judith Dögl; Isabella Seidl; Marlene Giesa

2015-01-01

Die Universitätsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universität Wien verfügt über ein wertvolles kulturhistorisches Erbe, das die Geschichte der „Wiener Medizinischen Schule“ repräsentiert. Einen Teil der in der Zweigbibliothek für Geschichte der Medizin beherbergten historischen Literatur bilden die medizinhistorischen Separatasammlungen. Diese Unikate stellen einen unschätzbaren Mehrwert als Quellenmaterial für medizinhistorische und biografische Forschungen dar. Bei den etwa 140.000 Einzele...

Image quality and radiation exposure in digital storage plate mammography with magnification technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fiedler, E.; Aichinger, U.; Boehner, C.; Schulz-Wendtland, R.; Bautz, W.; Saebel, M.

1999-01-01

Purpose: Comparison of image quality between digital phosphor storage plate mammography in magnification technique and a conventional film screen system regarding the special aspect of radiation exposure. Materials and Methods: Radiograms of a RMI-mammography phantom were acquired using a conventional film screen system and two digital storage plate systems. Additionally, the radiograms of one digital system were postprocessed emphasizing contrast and included in the comparison. Results: The detectability of details in storage plate mammographies with magnification technique is almost equal to that of film screen mammographies. Thereby, lower radiation exposures were necessary using the digital systems. Conclusions: Based on these results, storage plate mammography in magnification technique is used in clinical routine at our institution. The correct parameters in image postprocessing are of elementary importance for detail detectability. Future studies must show, whether the lower radiation exposure in digital radiograms of the breast, revealing much higher background noise, will allow the same detail detectability as film screen mammographies. (orig.) [de

Ultrasound as an Adjunct to Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening: A Health Technology Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Nikitovic-Jokic, Milica; Tu, Hong Anh; Palimaka, Stefan; Higgins, Caroline; Holubowich, Corinne

2016-01-01

Background Screening with mammography can detect breast cancer early, before clinical symptoms appear. Some cancers, however, are not captured with mammography screening alone. Ultrasound has been suggested as a safe adjunct screening tool that can detect breast cancers missed on mammography. We investigated the benefits, harms, cost-effectiveness, and cost burden of ultrasound as an adjunct to mammography compared with mammography alone for screening women at average risk and at high risk for breast cancer. Methods We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBM Reviews, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database, from January 1998 to June 2015, for evidence of effectiveness, harms, diagnostic accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Only studies evaluating the use of ultrasound as an adjunct to mammography in the specified populations were included. We also conducted a cost analysis to estimate the costs in Ontario over the next 5 years to fund ultrasound as an adjunct to mammography in breast cancer screening for high-risk women who are contraindicated for MRI, the current standard of care to supplement mammography. Results No studies in average-risk women met the inclusion criteria of the clinical review. We included 5 prospective, paired cohort studies in high-risk women, 4 of which were relevant to the Ontario context. Adjunct ultrasound identified between 2.3 and 5.9 additional breast cancers per 1,000 screens. The average pooled sensitivity of mammography and ultrasound was 53%, a statistically significant increase relative to mammography alone (absolute increase 13%; P screening alone. The GRADE for this body of evidence was low. Additional annual costs of using breast ultrasound as an adjunct to mammography for high-risk women in Ontario contraindicated for MRI would range from $15,500 to $30,250 in the next 5 years. Conclusions We found no evidence that evaluated the comparative effectiveness or diagnostic accuracy of screening breast ultrasound as an adjunct to

[Mammography screening of breast cancer in Tunisia. Results of first experience].

Science.gov (United States)

Kribi, Lilia; Sellami, Dorra; el Amri, Aïda; Mnif, Nejla; Ellouze, Thouraya; Chebbi, Ali; Ben Romdhane, Khaled; Hamza, Radhi

2003-01-01

This article reports the results of a mammography screening program of breast cancer, realized in the department of Radiology, Charles Nicolle hospital. A free screening mammography with two incidences was offered to women aged from 40 to 70 years old. 2200 mammographies were realized from May 1995 till July 1997. Women having a positive test benefited of a diagnostic explorations in the same unity. The positive test rate was 24%. Predictive positive value was 31%. This program allowed to detect 10 subclinical cancers, corresponding to a rate of detection of 4.5 cancers for 1000 women. This program is a first experience which demonstrated the feasibility of the mammography screening to wide scale and allowed the medical and paramedical team to acquire an experience.

Benefits, risks, and costs of mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richter, B.; Rausch, L.

1977-01-01

The risk seems to be acceptable if the age-dependency of the frequency of breast cancer is disregarded, i.e. if calculation is done with average values, as is being done frequently (15, 25, 32, 48). This procedure however veils the real circumstances in the examination of young women thus also veiling a risk which could otherwise be made precise and avoidable. The risk of radiation-induced cancerogenesis in the female breast was verified by similar statements made by several empiric investigations on man. The course of the dose-effect-relation in the region of few rad is still unexplained however, although the results do not contradict to the assumption of a linear dose-effect-relation. Thus it seems not advisable to ignore the induction of carcinomas by x-radiation for the sphere of mammography with the doses usually applied today. A reduction of radiation exposition by dose-saving measures to one tenth of the present value (or less) however would make the risk highly unimportant. Advantage/risk/cost-analyses should encourage the responsible persons to make reasonable proposals for the application of methods, in this case mammography. The discouraging of patients whom mammography is indicated for would be a side-effect which is not desired. Just as wrong would be the stimulation of an unjustified feeling of being sure and the demand for costly medical measures by uncritical reports of success. The indication of the considerably high costs of mammography should, together with the advantage expected, be a quantitative criterion for the optimal distribution of limited means the necessity of which cannot be denied. (orig.) [de

Factors influencing elderly women's mammography screening decisions: implications for counseling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Davis Roger B

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Although guidelines recommend that clinicians consider life expectancy before screening older women for breast cancer, many older women with limited life expectancies are screened. We aimed to identify factors important to mammography screening decisions among women aged 80 and older compared to women aged 65–79. Methods Telephone surveys of 107 women aged 80+ and 93 women aged 65–79 randomly selected from one academic primary care practice who were able to communicate in English (60% response rate. The survey addressed the following factors in regards to older women's mammography screening decisions: perceived importance of a history of breast disease, family history of breast cancer, doctor's recommendations, habit, reassurance, previous experience, mailed reminder cards, family/friend's recommendations or experience with breast cancer, age, health, and media. The survey also assessed older women's preferred role in decision making around mammography screening. Results Of the 200 women, 65.5% were non-Hispanic white and 82.8% were in good to excellent health. Most (81.3% had undergone mammography in the past 2 years. Regardless of age, older women ranked doctor's recommendations as the most important factor influencing their decision to get screened. Habit and reassurance were the next two highly ranked factors influencing older women to get screened. Among women who did not get screened, women aged 80 and older ranked age and doctor's counseling as the most influential factors and women aged 65–79 ranked a previous negative experience with mammography as the most important factor. There were no significant differences in preferred role in decision-making around mammography screening by age, however, most women in both age groups preferred to make the final decision on their own (46.6% of women aged 80+ and 50.5% of women aged 65–79. Conclusion While a doctor's recommendation is the most important factor influencing

„Sprache, du heilige“: Sprachreflexionen in der deutschen Dichtung der Bukowina

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Petro Rychlo

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit der historischen und kulturellen Rolle der deutschen Sprache in der Bukowina, wo sie zwischen 1875 und 1918 den Status einer offiziellen Staats- und Umgangssprache hatte und sogar nach dem Zerfall der Habsburgermonarchie noch eine Zeitlang auf verschiedenen Ebenen funktionierte. Das verursachte in der Bukowina und besonders in ihrer Hauptstadt Czernowitz die Herausbildung einer deutschsprachigen Literatur, deren Anfänge in die Mitte des 19. Jahrhundert fallen. Zuerst nur als „Heimatliteratur“ begriffen, entwickelte sie sich bald, vor allem auf dem Gebiet der lyrischen Dichtung, zu einem beachtlichen literarischen Phänomen, das in der Zwischenkriegszeit im Werk solcher Dichter wie Alfred Margul-Sperber, Rose Ausländer, David Goldfeld, Alfred Kittner, Moses Rosenkranz, Immanuel Weißglas, Paul Celan, Alfred Gong, Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger ihre höchste Blüte erlebte. Infolge der fortschreitenden Romanisierung des Landes und der Bedrohung des Sprachverlusts greifen um diese Zeit viele Czernowitzer deutschjüdische Dichter öfters zur Sprachproblematik, indem sie sie in ihren Gedichten im tragischen Sinne thematisieren. Nach dem Holocaust und der Emigration aus der Bukowina verwandelt sich die Muttersprache für verbannte Dichter in ein Synonym der Heimat („Mutterland Wort“. Der Artikel analysiert Sprachreflexionen der Czernowitzer Autoren als Strategie des kulturellen und existenziellen Überlebens.

Study of signal-to-noise ratio in digital mammography

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, Yuri; Fujita, Naotoshi; Kodera, Yoshie

2009-02-01

Mammography techniques have recently advanced from those using analog systems (the screen-film system) to those using digital systems; for example, computed radiography (CR) and flat-panel detectors (FPDs) are nowadays used in mammography. Further, phase contrast mammography (PCM)-a digital technique by which images with a magnification of 1.75× can be obtained-is now available in the market. We studied the effect of the air gap in PCM and evaluated the effectiveness of an antiscatter x-ray grid in conventional mammography (CM) by measuring the scatter fraction ratio (SFR) and relative signal-to-noise ratio (rSNR) and comparing them between PCM and the digital CM. The results indicated that the SFRs for the CM images obtained with a grid were the lowest and that these ratios were almost the same as those for the PCM images. In contrast, the rSNRs for the PCM images were the highest, which means that the scattering of x-rays was sufficiently reduced by the air gap without the loss of primary x-rays.

Quality Control in Mammography: Image Quality and Patient Doses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciraj Bjelac, O.; Arandjic, D.; Boris Loncar, B.; Kosutic, D.

2008-01-01

Mammography is method of choice for early detection of breast cancer. The purpose of this paper is preliminary evaluation the mammography practice in Serbia, in terms of both quality control indicators, i.e. image quality and patient doses. The survey demonstrated considerable variations in technical parameters that affect image quality and patients doses. Mean glandular doses ranged from 0.12 to 2.8 mGy, while reference optical density ranged from 1.2 to 2.8. Correlation between image contrast and mean glandular doses was demonstrated. Systematic implementation of quality control protocol should provide satisfactory performance of mammography units and maintain satisfactory image quality and keep patient doses as low as reasonably practicable. (author)

Physical image quality of computed radiography in mammography system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Norriza Mohd Isa; Muhammad Jamal Isa; Wan Muhamad Saridan Wan Hassan; Fatimah Othman

2013-01-01

Full-text: Mammography is a screening procedure that mostly used for early detection of breast cancer. In digital imaging system, Computed Radiography is a cost-effective technology that applied indirect conversion detector. The paper presents physical image quality parameter measurements namely modulation transfer function (MTF), normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of Computed Radiography in mammography system. MTF was calculated from two different orientations of slanted images of an edge test device and NNPS was estimated using flat-field image. Both images were acquired using a standard mammography beam quality. DQE was determined by applying the MTF and NNPS values into our developed software program. Both orientations have similar DQE characteristics. (author)

Beyond the mammography debate: a moderate perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaniklidis, C

2015-06-01

After some decades of contention, one can almost despair and conclude that (paraphrasing) "the mammography debate you will have with you always." Against that sentiment, in this review I argue, after reflecting on some of the major themes of this long-standing debate, that we must begin to move beyond the narrow borders of claim and counterclaim to seek consensus on what the balance of methodologically sound and critically appraised evidence demonstrates, and also to find overlooked underlying convergences; after acknowledging the reality of some residual and non-trivial harms from mammography, to promote effective strategies for harm mitigation; and to encourage deployment of new screening modalities that will render many of the issues and concerns in the debate obsolete. To these ends, I provide a sketch of what this looking forward and beyond the current debate might look like, leveraging advantages from abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging technologies (such as the ultrafast and twist protocols) and from digital breast tomosynthesis-also known as three-dimensional mammography. I also locate the debate within the broader context of mammography in the real world as it plays out not for the disputants, but for the stakeholders themselves: the screening-eligible patients and the physicians in the front lines who are charged with enabling both the acts of screening and the facts of screening at their maximally objective and patient-accessible levels to facilitate informed decisions.

Dose measurements in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kainberger, F.; Kallinger, W.

1977-01-01

Dose measurements at the mamma during mammography were carried out in the form of direct measurement with thermoluminescent dosimetry. Measurement was done for the in- and outcoming doses at the mamma, the dose exposure of the sternal region and the scattered rays above the symphysis, the latter as parameter for the genetic radiation exposure. As expected, the dose of the smooth radiation used for mammography showed a strong decrease at the outcome point in comparison with the income point. Surprisingly high was the scattered radiation in the sternal region. A corresponding protection by lead plates could be taken into consideration. Extremely low is the scattered radiation above the symphysis. Even measurements with the very sensitive calcium fluoride dosimeters did not reveal any practically important dose in the symphysis region. Most measurement values remained below the determinable dose of 0.3mR. Some maximal values varied in the range of 3-1 mR. (orig.) [de

Digital mammography and their developments; Digitale Mammografie und ihre Weiterentwicklung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wienbeck, Susanne [Universitaetsmedizin Goettingen (Germany). Inst. fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie; Fischer, Uwe [Diagnostisches Brustzentrum Goettingen (Germany)

2015-09-15

At the present time digital mammography is a satisfactory breast diagnostic imaging in clinical as well as screening mammography in defined age groups. Nevertheless it shows beside the application of ionizing radiation in women with dense breasts limitations in the detection of non calcification breast cancers. Tomosynthesis, digital contrast-enhanced mammography and breast-CT with or without contrast media lead to better results. Especially the application of contrast media for the visualisation of the tumor angiogenesis is invariably superior to all other non-contrast imaging modalities. However, the excellent results of breast MRI will be probably accessible with none of the new procedures.

Digital breast tomosynthesis versus digital mammography: a clinical performance study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gennaro, Gisella; Baldan, Enrica; Bezzon, Elisabetta; Polico, Ilaria; Proietti, Alessandro; Toffoli, Aida; Toledano, Alicia; Di Maggio, Cosimo; La Grassa, Manuela; Pescarini, Luigi; Muzzio, Pier Carlo

2010-01-01

To compare the clinical performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with that of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in a diagnostic population. The study enrolled 200 consenting women who had at least one breast lesion discovered by mammography and/or ultrasound classified as doubtful or suspicious or probably malignant. They underwent tomosynthesis in one view [mediolateral oblique (MLO)] of both breasts at a dose comparable to that of standard screen-film mammography in two views [craniocaudal (CC) and MLO]. Images were rated by six breast radiologists using the BIRADS score. Ratings were compared with the truth established according to the standard of care and a multiple-reader multiple-case (MRMC) receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Clinical performance of DBT compared with that of FFDM was evaluated in terms of the difference between areas under ROC curves (AUCs) for BIRADS scores. Overall clinical performance with DBT and FFDM for malignant versus all other cases was not significantly different (AUCs 0.851 vs 0.836, p = 0.645). The lower limit of the 95% CI or the difference between DBT and FFDM AUCs was -4.9%. Clinical performance of tomosynthesis in one view at the same total dose as standard screen-film mammography is not inferior to digital mammography in two views. (orig.)

Evaluation of the minimum iodine concentration for contrast-enhanced subtraction mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baldelli, P; Bravin, A; Maggio, C Di; Gennaro, G; Sarnelli, A; Taibi, A; Gambaccini, M

2006-01-01

Early manifestation of breast cancer is often very subtle and is displayed in a complex and variable pattern of normal anatomy that may obscure the disease. The use of dual-energy techniques, that can remove the structural noise, and contrast media, that enhance the region surrounding the tumour, could help us to improve the detectability of the lesions. The aim of this work is to investigate the use of an iodine-based contrast medium in mammography with two different double exposure techniques: K-edge subtraction mammography and temporal subtraction mammography. Both techniques have been investigated by using an ideal source, like monochromatic beams produced at a synchrotron radiation facility and a clinical digital mammography system. A dedicated three-component phantom containing cavities filled with different iodine concentrations has been developed and used for measurements. For each technique, information about the minimum iodine concentration, which provides a significant enhancement of the detectability of the pathology by minimizing the risk due to high dose and high concentration of contrast medium, has been obtained. In particular, for cavities of 5 and 8 mm in diameter filled with iodine solutions, the minimum concentration needed to obtain a contrast-to-noise ratio of 5 with a mean glandular dose of 2 mGy has been calculated. The minimum concentrations estimated with monochromatic beams and K-edge subtraction mammography are 0.9 mg ml -1 and 1.34 mg ml -1 for the biggest and smallest details, respectively, while for temporal subtraction mammography they are 0.84 mg ml -1 and 1.31 mg ml -1 . With the conventional clinical system the minimum concentrations for the K-edge subtraction mammography are 4.13 mg ml -1 (8 mm diameter) and 5.75 mg ml -1 (5 mm diameter), while for the temporal subtraction mammography they are 1.01 mg ml -1 (8 mm diameter) and 1.57 mg ml -1 (5 mm diameter)

Die Rolle der Finite-Elemente-Berechnung in der Produktentwicklung

Science.gov (United States)

Esteban, Ignacio

Der Preisdruck wird in allen Industriebranchen immer größer. Aufgrund der Qualitätsstandards gewinnt der Entwicklungsprozess immer mehr an Bedeutung, so dass die Produktkosten durch diese Phase erheblich beeinflusst werden. Die Anwendung computergestützter Konstruktion und Berechnung hat sich als effektives Entwicklungswerkzeug erwiesen, um kürzere Entwicklungszeiten und eine höhere Qualität zu erreichen. Dadurch tragen diese virtuellen Werkzeuge zu niedrigeren Produktkosten bei. Dieser Artikel orientiert sich am Potential der Finite-Elemente (FE)-Berechnung im Entwicklungsprozess. Eine der neuesten Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der FE-Simulation wird am Beispiel einer Werkzeugmaschine präsentiert. In diesem Beispiel wird die Maschinensteuerung in das FE-Modell implementiert, und ein Beschleunigungsvorgang wird simuliert.

Mammography in breast screening and in the evaluation and management of breast cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Onyesoh, C.N.

2006-01-01

This paper aims to discuss the importance of breast screening most especially amongst women above the age of 40 years.the limitation of the screening procedure is due to lack of special machines and power awareness campaigns. the application of Mammography and ultrasound in the examination of the breast and other breast imaging techniques will be considered in this paper. The paper will look at the indications for mammography, indications for breast ultrasound, signs of breast carcinoma on mammography, breast enlargement and also the need for breast ultrasound in cases of discrete Mammography

Der digitalisierte Forscher

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Storr, Stefan

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Der vorliegende Kommentar bezieht sich auf den Beitrag „Der digitalisierte Forscher“ von Thomas Kröll (ALJ 2/2017, 71. Ausgehend von der Beschreibung der gegenwärtigen Gesellschaft als Wissensgesellschaft werden drei Aspekte angeführt, die die Wissenschaft als System heute kennzeichnen und künftig weitere Bedeutung haben werden: die Gewinnung und Weitergabe von Forschungsdaten, die Bewertung von wissenschaftlichen Leistungen und die Funktion von Universitäten. Der Kommentar schließt mit der Aufforderung, das Grundrecht der Wissenschaftsfreiheit als institutionelle Garantie fortzuentwickeln.

Mammography screening: A major issue in medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Autier, Philippe; Boniol, Mathieu

2018-02-01

Breast cancer mortality is declining in most high-income countries. The role of mammography screening in these declines is much debated. Screening impacts cancer mortality through decreasing the incidence of number of advanced cancers with poor prognosis, while therapies and patient management impact cancer mortality through decreasing the fatality of cancers. The effectiveness of cancer screening is the ability of a screening method to curb the incidence of advanced cancers in populations. Methods for evaluating cancer screening effectiveness are based on the monitoring of age-adjusted incidence rates of advanced cancers that should decrease after the introduction of screening. Likewise, cancer-specific mortality rates should decline more rapidly in areas with screening than in areas without or with lower levels of screening but where patient management is similar. These two criteria have provided evidence that screening for colorectal and cervical cancer contributes to decreasing the mortality associated with these two cancers. In contrast, screening for neuroblastoma in children was discontinued in the early 2000s because these two criteria were not met. In addition, overdiagnosis - i.e. the detection of non-progressing occult neuroblastoma that would not have been life-threatening during the subject's lifetime - is a major undesirable consequence of screening. Accumulating epidemiological data show that in populations where mammography screening has been widespread for a long time, there has been no or only a modest decline in the incidence of advanced cancers, including that of de novo metastatic (stage IV) cancers at diagnosis. Moreover, breast cancer mortality reductions are similar in areas with early introduction and high penetration of screening and in areas with late introduction and low penetration of screening. Overdiagnosis is commonplace, representing 20% or more of all breast cancers among women invited to screening and 30-50% of screen

Eighteen cases of small breast cancer: a comparative study of mammography, CT scan and pathology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Yaopan; Lin Haogao; Cai Peiqiang; Ouyang Yi; Zhang Weizhang; Lu Bingui

2003-01-01

Objective: To improve the early diagnosis of breast cancer through a study of the mammography and CT findings of small breast cancer. Methods: The mammography and CT findings of 18 cases of small breast cancer (φ≤2.0 cm in diameter) were studied and compared with pathological results. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of CT and mammography was 83% and 61%, respectively. There was a statistical difference between both modalities (P<0.05), CT scan was superior to mammography. However, there was no difference between them when assessing the lesion arising in F-type breast. In detecting breast fine cluster of calcification, the sensitivity of mammography was better than CT scan. Conclusion: The patient suspected of small breast cancer should take mammography as the first evaluation. CT scan is reserved for the further investigation. The mammography combined with CT scan can improve the early diagnostic rate of breast cancer

Radiology workstation for mammography: preliminary observations, eyetracker studies, and design

Science.gov (United States)

Beard, David V.; Johnston, Richard E.; Pisano, Etta D.; Hemminger, Bradley M.; Pizer, Stephen M.

1991-07-01

For the last four years, the UNC FilmPlane project has focused on constructing a radiology workstation facilitating CT interpretations equivalent to those with film and viewbox. Interpretation of multiple CT studies was originally chosen because handling such large numbers of images was considered to be one of the most difficult tasks that could be performed with a workstation. The authors extend the FilmPlane design to address mammography. The high resolution and contrast demands coupled with the number of images often cross- compared make mammography a difficult challenge for the workstation designer. This paper presents the results of preliminary work with workstation interpretation of mammography. Background material is presented to justify why the authors believe electronic mammographic workstations could improve health care delivery. The results of several observation sessions and a preliminary eyetracker study of multiple-study mammography interpretations are described. Finally, tentative conclusions of what a mammographic workstation might look like and how it would meet clinical demand to be effective are presented.

XERG-mammography system: a solution to the dose-quality problem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Friedrich, M

1981-05-01

The XERG (Xonics-Electron-Radio-Graphy) system is the first ionographic system (High-Pressure-Gas-Iono-graphy) suitable for clinical application which became available for testing. The basic principle, the function and imaging qualities of the XERG system are described and first clinical experiences reported. The XERG mammogram is a transparent X-ray negative image, the image quality of which is characterized by good general image contrast, a moderate edge-effect and a high quantum-noise level but giving an extremely low dose rate (4.5% compared to screenless mammography film). Although the XERG quality is not satisfactory in contact technique, it yields results which are equal in quality, when using a 1.5-fold magnification technique, to the results obtained with screenless film mammography at one-tenth of the dose, and is superior to any commercially available film-screen system. Hence, in our opinion, the XERG mammography system is a step forward towards high-quality low-dose mammography.

[Hierarchy structuring for mammography technique by interpretive structural modeling method].

Science.gov (United States)

Kudo, Nozomi; Kurowarabi, Kunio; Terashita, Takayoshi; Nishimoto, Naoki; Ogasawara, Katsuhiko

2009-10-20

Participation in screening mammography is currently desired in Japan because of the increase in breast cancer morbidity. However, the pain and discomfort of mammography is recognized as a significant deterrent for women considering this examination. Thus quick procedures, sufficient experience, and advanced skills are required for radiologic technologists. The aim of this study was to make the point of imaging techniques explicit and to help understand the complicated procedure. We interviewed 3 technologists who were highly skilled in mammography, and 14 factors were retrieved by using brainstorming and the KJ method. We then applied Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to the factors and developed a hierarchical concept structure. The result showed a six-layer hierarchy whose top node was explanation of the entire procedure on mammography. Male technologists were related to as a negative factor. Factors concerned with explanation were at the upper node. We gave attention to X-ray techniques and considerations. The findings will help beginners improve their skills.

Endometriosezentren verschiedener Stufen zur Verbesserung der medizinischen Versorgungsqualität, der Forschung sowie der ärztlichen Fort- und Weiterbildung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ebert AD

2008-01-01

Full Text Available In Europa wird die Idee der Qualitätsverbesserung auf dem Gebiet der Endometriose vertieft. Verschiedene "Task Forces" arbeiten mit zum Teil identischen Methoden am gleichen Ziel. Die Bildung spezialisierter Endometriosezentren verbunden mit einer breiten Qualifikation der Ärzte und des medizinischen Personals gehören – begleitet von der Unterstützung der Forschung – ebenso in dieses Spektrum wie die Schulung und Information der betroffenen Frauen sowie die Sensibilisierung der Gesundheitspolitik, der Kostenträger und der Industrie. Vor dem Hintergrund knapper Ressourcen ist eine Bündelung des vorhandenen nationalen und internationalen Engagements absehbar und notwendig. Inwieweit dies zur konsequenten Gründung von einheitlichen nationalen Endometriose-Gruppen als Basis einer europäischen Dachgesellschaft führen könnte, bleibt abzuwarten. Wünschenswert ist es allemal.

Mechanistic modeling for mammography screening risks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bijwaard, Harmen

2008-01-01

Full text: Western populations show a very high incidence of breast cancer and in many countries mammography screening programs have been set up for the early detection of these cancers. Through these programs large numbers of women (in the Netherlands, 700.000 per year) are exposed to low but not insignificant X-ray doses. ICRP based risk estimates indicate that the number of breast cancer casualties due to mammography screening can be as high as 50 in the Netherlands per year. The number of lives saved is estimated to be much higher, but for an accurate calculation of the benefits of screening a better estimate of these risks is indispensable. Here it is attempted to better quantify the radiological risks of mammography screening through the application of a biologically based model for breast tumor induction by X-rays. The model is applied to data obtained from the National Institutes of Health in the U.S. These concern epidemiological data of female TB patients who received high X-ray breast doses in the period 1930-1950 through frequent fluoroscopy of their lungs. The mechanistic model that is used to describe the increased breast cancer incidence is based on an earlier study by Moolgavkar et al. (1980), in which the natural background incidence of breast cancer was modeled. The model allows for a more sophisticated extrapolation of risks to the low dose X-ray exposures that are common in mammography screening and to the higher ages that are usually involved. Furthermore, it allows for risk transfer to other (non-western) populations. The results have implications for decisions on the frequency of screening, the number of mammograms taken at each screening, minimum and maximum ages for screening and the transfer to digital equipment. (author)

Dose reduction through gridless technique in digital full-field mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diekmann, F.; Diekmann, S.; Berzeg, S.; Blick, U.; Fischer, T.; Hamm, B.

2003-01-01

Purpose: To determine the role of the scatter grid in digital full-field mammography with respect to image quality and dose and to compare the experimental results with initial clinical experience. Materials and Methods: A phantom consisting of 205 fields that enclose gold dots of different thickness and size (CD-Mam phantom, Medical Department, Nijmegen, Netherlands) was used for digital full-field mammography with the conventional grid module and a special gridless module. Four different breast thicknesses were simulated using Plexiglas as scatter material. First, the phantom was exposed at the parameter and dose settings automatically selected in each experimental setup (with and without grid). Subsequently, the phantom was exposed at the different simulated breast thicknesses using the gridless module in combination with the parameters automatically selected for the grid module. This was followed by a series of phantom mammograms obtained with the experimental setup reversed. The 16 mammograms were evaluated by 3 readers and the results compared considering breast thickness, radiation dose, and quality. The gridless module was used for preoperative labeling in 16 patients for comparison of mammograms obtained with and without a grid. Results: For the same entrance dose used in routine mammography, digital mammography without grid is superior to digital mammography with grid when performed on simulated thin breasts (Plexiglas less than 3 cm), with no difference found when performed on simulated large breasts. The advantages of gridless mammography are more pronounced at a markedly reduced entrance dose (identical parenchymal dose without and with grid using the dose automatically selected for the gridless module). This tendency is confirmed by the initial clinical comparison. (orig.) [de

CAD in breast imaging. Application in mammography and MR mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Obenauer, S.; Hermann, K.P.

2012-01-01

Computer aided diagnosis systems (CAD-systems) are evaluated in different parts of diagnostic imaging. In breast imaging double reading which is time- and cost spending is necessary. Therefore a lot of studies evaluated the use of CAD-systems in mammography. However the rate of false-positives is too high to implement CAD-systems as double reader in routine work. In the future, improvements in this technique could perhaps change the performance of CAD-systems. (orig.)

Efficiency of cineradiography in the diagnosis of dysphagia; Effizienz der Hochfrequenzkinematographie in der Diagnostik der Dysphagie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oelerich, M. [Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie der Univ. Muenster (Germany); Mai, R. [Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie der Univ. Muenster (Germany); Mueller-Miny, H. [Radiologische Klinik der Univ. Bonn (Germany); Peters, P.E. [Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie der Univ. Muenster (Germany)

1995-10-01

Dysphagia is a common symptom in clinical practice. Due to the broad spectrum of underlying diseases many disciplines are involved in the therapy and diagnosis of dysphagia, where radiology plays a central role. The radiologist is confronted with different diagnostic problems and has to choose the most appropriate type of investigation. In many cases no organic disorder can be demonstrated by clinical examination, endoscopy or conventional radiological techniques. In this setting cineradiography is an outstanding tool for finding functional or structural changes in the swallowing chain. This study underlines the efficiency of cineradiography in the diagnosis of dysphagia. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Dysphagie ist in der klinischen Praxis ein haeufiges Symptom. Aufgrund des weiten Spektrums zugrundeliegender Erkrankungen sind zahlreiche Fachdisziplinen mit der Diagnostik und Therapie der Dysphagie befasst, wobei der Roentgendiagnostik eine zentrale Rolle zukommt. Der Radiologe wird mit unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen konfrontiert und muss die geeignete Untersuchungsstrategie festlegen. Haeufig ist durch klinische Untersuchung, Endoskopie und konventionelle Roentgenuntersuchung keine organische Erkrankung nachweisbar. Mit der Hochfrequenzkinematographie steht dann ein Verfahren zur Verfuegung, welches in hervorragender Weise funktionelle und strukturelle Veraenderungen der am Schluckakt beteiligten Organe aufzeigen kann. Die hohe Effizienz der Methode wird in dieser Studie belegt. (orig.)

Qualitativ-empirische Forschung in der Psychologie - am Beispiel der Inhaltsanalyse

OpenAIRE

Mayring, Philipp

1994-01-01

Die letzten Jahre haben eine Fülle an qualitativen Forschungsansätzen, sowohl an Designs als auch an Techniken, in der Psychologie gebracht. Im Vergleich mit der weit zurückreichenden qualitativ-geisteswissenschaftlichen Tradition lassen sich einige neue Merkmale hier herausarbeiten: der empirische Ansatzpunkt, die Betonung der Systematik und Überprüfbarkeit im Vorgehen und die Integrierbarkeit mit quantitativen Ansätzen. Dies soll am Beispiel der qualitativen lnhaltsanalyse verdeutlicht werd...

Added value of one-view breast tomosynthesis combined with digital mammography according to reader experience.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomassin-Naggara, Isabelle; Perrot, Nicolas; Dechoux, Sophie; Ribeiro, Carine; Chopier, Jocelyne; de Bazelaire, Cedric

2015-02-01

To retrospectively evaluate the added value of one-view breast tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography to characterize breast lesions. Our institutional ethics committees approved the study and granted a waiver of informed consent. One hundred fifty-five women (mean age, 51.3 years, range: 24-92 years) who systematically underwent mammography and breast tomosynthesis with subsequent percutaneous biopsy were analyzed. Four radiologists (two seniors, R1 and R2, and two juniors, R3 and R4 with 30, 10, 3 and 1 years of experience in breast imaging, respectively) independently reviewed exams in two steps: mammography alone and tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography. The lesions in the cohort included 39.3% (61/155) cancers, 2.5% (4/155) high-risk lesions and 58.1% (90/155) benign lesions. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the results of the two readings. There was almost perfect agreement irrespective of reader experience for the reading of the mammography in adjunct with tomosynthesis, whereas agreement was poor between junior and senior readers for the reading of mammography alone. Area under the ROC (Az) values for the tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography were significantly better than Az values for mammography alone for all readers except the most experienced, for whom only a tendency was noted. The proportion of cancers undiagnosed by mammography alone that were well diagnosed by tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography was 6.5% (4/61), 13.1% (8/61), 27.8% (17/61) and 26.2% (16/61) for Readers 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The proportion of false positive cases induced by the addition of breast tomosynthesis to mammography was 2.1% (2/94), 2.1% (2/94), 9.5% (9/94) and 12.7% (12/94) for Readers 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Adding breast tomosynthesis to mammography improved sensitivity and negative predictive value for all readers except for the most experienced one, in whom only a tendency for improvement

Added value of one-view breast tomosynthesis combined with digital mammography according to reader experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomassin-Naggara, Isabelle; Perrot, Nicolas; Dechoux, Sophie; Ribeiro, Carine; Chopier, Jocelyne; Bazelaire, Cedric de

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Breast tomosynthesis improves diagnostic performance especially for radiologists with lower experience in mammography. • Adding only one-view digital breast tomosynthesis to mammography improves the cancer detection rate. • Breast tomosynthesis is mainly useful for helping radiologists to detect architectural distortion. - Abstract: Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the added value of one-view breast tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography to characterize breast lesions. Materials and methods: Our institutional ethics committees approved the study and granted a waiver of informed consent. One hundred fifty-five women (mean age, 51.3 years, range: 24–92 years) who systematically underwent mammography and breast tomosynthesis with subsequent percutaneous biopsy were analyzed. Four radiologists (two seniors, R1 and R2, and two juniors, R3 and R4 with 30, 10, 3 and 1 years of experience in breast imaging, respectively) independently reviewed exams in two steps: mammography alone and tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography. The lesions in the cohort included 39.3% (61/155) cancers, 2.5% (4/155) high-risk lesions and 58.1% (90/155) benign lesions. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the results of the two readings. Results: There was almost perfect agreement irrespective of reader experience for the reading of the mammography in adjunct with tomosynthesis, whereas agreement was poor between junior and senior readers for the reading of mammography alone. Area under the ROC (Az) values for the tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography were significantly better than Az values for mammography alone for all readers except the most experienced, for whom only a tendency was noted. The proportion of cancers undiagnosed by mammography alone that were well diagnosed by tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography was 6.5% (4/61), 13.1% (8/61), 27.8% (17/61) and 26.2% (16/61) for Readers 1, 2, 3 and 4

Added value of one-view breast tomosynthesis combined with digital mammography according to reader experience

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomassin-Naggara, Isabelle, E-mail: isabelle.thomassin@tnn.aphp.fr [Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IUC, 75005 Paris (France); INSERM, UMR970, Equipe 2, Imagerie de l’angiogenèse, 75005 Paris (France); AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Radiology, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris (France); Perrot, Nicolas [AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Radiology, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris (France); Centre Pyramides, Paris (France); Dechoux, Sophie [Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IUC, 75005 Paris (France); AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Radiology, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris (France); Ribeiro, Carine [Centre Pyramides, Paris (France); Chopier, Jocelyne [AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Radiology, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris (France); Bazelaire, Cedric de [APHP, Department of Radiology, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris (France)

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Breast tomosynthesis improves diagnostic performance especially for radiologists with lower experience in mammography. • Adding only one-view digital breast tomosynthesis to mammography improves the cancer detection rate. • Breast tomosynthesis is mainly useful for helping radiologists to detect architectural distortion. - Abstract: Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the added value of one-view breast tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography to characterize breast lesions. Materials and methods: Our institutional ethics committees approved the study and granted a waiver of informed consent. One hundred fifty-five women (mean age, 51.3 years, range: 24–92 years) who systematically underwent mammography and breast tomosynthesis with subsequent percutaneous biopsy were analyzed. Four radiologists (two seniors, R1 and R2, and two juniors, R3 and R4 with 30, 10, 3 and 1 years of experience in breast imaging, respectively) independently reviewed exams in two steps: mammography alone and tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography. The lesions in the cohort included 39.3% (61/155) cancers, 2.5% (4/155) high-risk lesions and 58.1% (90/155) benign lesions. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the results of the two readings. Results: There was almost perfect agreement irrespective of reader experience for the reading of the mammography in adjunct with tomosynthesis, whereas agreement was poor between junior and senior readers for the reading of mammography alone. Area under the ROC (Az) values for the tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography were significantly better than Az values for mammography alone for all readers except the most experienced, for whom only a tendency was noted. The proportion of cancers undiagnosed by mammography alone that were well diagnosed by tomosynthesis in adjunct with mammography was 6.5% (4/61), 13.1% (8/61), 27.8% (17/61) and 26.2% (16/61) for Readers 1, 2, 3 and 4

Screening for breast cancer with mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sickles, E.A.

1991-01-01

Mammography is generally accepted as a useful problem-solving clinical tool in characterizing known breast lesions, so that appropriate and timely treatment can be given. However, it remains grossly underutilized at what it does best: screening. The major strengths of mammography are (a) its ability to detect breast cancer at a smaller, potentially more curable stage than any other examination, and (b) its proved efficacy in reducing breast cancer mortality in asymptomatic women aged 40-74. If, as has recently been estimated, screening with mammography and physical examination can be expected to lower breast cancer deaths by 40%-50% among those actually examined (13), then the lives of almost 20,000 U.S. women might be saved each year if screening were to become very widely used. The challenges of the next decade are clear, to mount much more effective campaigns to educate physicians and lay women about the life-saving benefits of breast cancer screening, to devise increasingly effective and lower cost screening strategies, to further improve the current high quality of mammographic imaging despite its increasing proliferation, and to train large numbers of breast imaging specialists to guarantee that the growing case load of screening and problem-solving mammograms is interpreted with a very high level of skill

Die Bedeutung von Interleukon-1 beo der Entstehung der Knochenerosion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graninger W

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Die chronische Polyarthritis ist eine immunmediierte entzündliche Erkrankung, die morphologisch durch eine Zerstörung der Gelenksstrukturen und des subchondralen Knochens charakterisiert ist. Obwohl schon in frühen Krankheitsstadien eine gelenksnahe Osteoporose im Nativröntgen sichtbar wird, ist die Richtigkeit der Diagnose radiologisch erst durch den Nachweis jener typischen Knochenzerstörung zu beweisen, die als Usur oder Erosion bezeichnet wird. An der Grenze zwischen dem entzündlichen Zellinfiltrat, das als Pannus makroskopisch und histologisch imponiert, und dem Gelenksknorpel (cartilage-pannus junction kommt es unter dem Einfluß aktivierter Synoviafibroblasten und ihrer Sekretionsprodukte zum Knorpelzelluntergang und zur Zerstörung der Knorpelmatrix. Gleichzeitig kommt es zur Aktivierung von Osteoklasten, die schließlich in der Entstehung der gelenksnahen Erosion und der subchondralen Knochenzysten resultiert.

Influence of age and menstrual cycle on mammography and MR imaging of the breast

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller-Schimpfle, M.; Ohmenhaeuser, K.; Claussen, C.D.

1997-01-01

Age and menstrual cycle have an important influence on the breast. This well-known fact is experienced in the daily routine of gynecologists and radiologists. The number of publications addressing the effect of these influences on imaging, however, is surprisingly low. The aim of this work is to describe the influences of age and menstrual cycle on the breast and to address their clinical relevance for mammography and MR mammography. Therefore, own data are presented concerning the age and menstrual cycle influences on breast parenchyma in dynamic MR mammography. Literature data are used to correlate mammography and MR imaging findings with these influences. The changes of the breast due to age and menstrual cycle have important direct implications on performing and reading conventional mammography and MR mammography. The knowledge of these changes is also helpful in the interpretation of findings when comparing different methods. Finally, the data gained by using imaging methods enable important basic insights into physiology and physiopathology of the breast in vivo. (orig.) [de

Auswirkungen der pharmakologischen Osteoporosetherapie in der Zahnheilkunde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gruber R

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Die pharmakologische Osteoporosetherapie greift systemisch in den Knochenumbau ein und erreicht damit auch den Kieferknochen. Die komplexen Auswirkungen auf die Klinik der Parodontologie und Implantologie werden im vorliegenden Beitrag beispielhaft dargestellt. Vitamin D3 fördert die Heilung nach Parodontalchirurgie. Bisphosphonate können die parodontale Situation während der Nachsorgetherapie verbessern und möglicherweise die Einheilung von dentalen Implantaten fördern. Die meisten klinischen Studien zeigen keine negativen Effekte in Bezug auf die Entstehung von Osteonekrosen des Kieferknochens. Die Bedeutung von Strontium für die Zahnheilkunde ist primär in der Kariesprävention angesiedelt. Erste klinische Pilotstudien unterstützen eine mögliche Wirkung von Teriparatid auf die Einheilung dentaler Implantate. Bedeutsam erscheinen die positiven Effekte von Teriparatid bei der Regeneration nach chirurgischer Parodontaltherapie. Die vorliegenden Studien zeigen, dass die pharmakologische Osteoporosetherapie einen positiven Einfluss auf die Klinik der Parodontologie und Implantologie haben kann.

Is Short-Interval Mammography Necessary After Breast Conservation Surgery and Radiation Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hymas, Richard V.; Gaffney, David K.; Parkinson, Brett T.; Belnap, Thomas W.; Sause, William T.

2012-01-01

Purpose: The optimum timing and frequency of mammography in breast cancer patients after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) are controversial. The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends the first posttreatment mammogram 1 year after diagnosis but no earlier than 6 months after completion of radiotherapy. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends annual mammography. Intermountain Healthcare currently follows a more frequent mammography schedule during the first 2 years in BCT patients. This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the cancer yield mammography during the first 2 years after BCT. Methods and Materials: 1,435 patients received BCT at Intermountain Healthcare between 2003 and 2007, inclusive. Twenty-three patients had bilateral breast cancer (1,458 total breasts). Patients were followed up for 24 months after diagnosis. The 1- and 2-year mammography yields were determined and compared with those of the general screening population. Results: 1,079 breasts had mammography at less than 1 year, and two ipsilateral recurrences (both noninvasive) were identified; 1,219 breasts had mammography during the second year, and nine recurrences (three invasive, six noninvasive) were identified. Of the 11 ipsilateral recurrences during the study, three presented with symptoms and eight were identified by mammography alone. The mammography yield was 1.9 cancers per 1,000 breasts the first year and 4.9 per 1,000 the second year. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the mammography yield during the first 2 years after BCT is not greater than that in the general population, and they support the policy for initiating followup mammography at 1 year after BCT.

Development of integrated superconducting devices for signal preprocessing. Final report; Entwicklung supraleitender Bausteine der Signalvorverarbeitung. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biehl, M.; Koch, R.; Neuhaus, M.; Scherer, T.; Jutzi, W.

1998-02-01

bewaehrten Niob-Technologie wurde ein 12 bit SFQ-Schieberegister mit einer Schreib- und Leseschaltung und mit extrem kleiner Verlustleistung von 9 nW/bit/GHz hergestellt und impulsmaessig vermessen. Nach dem gleichen Prinzip wurde ein Zufallsimpulsgenerator ausgelegt. Die Simulation von RSFQ-Toggle-Flipflops mit einer grossen Zahl von Eingangsimpulsen zeigte, dass dynamische Effekte besonders durch Streuinduktivitaeten den digitalen Zaehlerbetrieb auf Taktfrequenzen unter 100 GHz begrenzen koennen, obwohl Gleichspannungsmessungen einen einwandfreien Betrieb bei hoeheren Frequenzen erwarten lassen. Daher sind Echtzeitmessungen der einzelnen SFQ-Impulse eines Wortes notwendig. Echtzeitmessungen mit einem Abtastoszillographen an einem 4-stufigen RSFQ-Zaehler der Niob-Technologie mit entsprechend breitbandiger Leitungszufuehrung ergaben bis zur Grenzfrequenz eines vorhandenen 32 bit Wortgenerators bei 2 GHz Bitfehlerraten um 10{sup -12}. Mit der YBCO-Technologie wurden ein 4 bit SFQ-Schieberegister fuer 40 K und miniaturisierte koplanare Mikrowellenschaltungen fuer die Satelliten- und Kommunikationstechnik um 10 GHz fuer 77 K ausgelegt und implementiert. Ein 4 bit Echtzeitfrequenzmesser und ein Filter mit einer 3 dB-Bandbreite von nur 1,8% wurden im IEGI erfolgreich auf dem Kaltkopf eines AEG-Kleinkuehlers ausgemessen. Hybride Schaltungen, z.B. Verstaerker und Oszillatoren, mit aktiven Halbleiterbauelementen und koplanaren YBCO-Verbindungen mit geringen Verlusten koennen bei 77 KJ interessante Eigenschaften besitzen. (orig.)

Hidden costs of low-cost screening mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cyrlak, D.

1987-01-01

Twenty-two hundred women in Orange County, California, took part in a low-cost mammography screening project sponsored by the American Cancer Society and the KCBS-TV. Patients were followed up by telephone and questioned about actual costs incurred as a result of screening mammography, including costs of repeated and follow-up mammograms, US examinations and surgical consultations. The total number of biopsies, cancers found, and the costs involved were investigated. The authors' results suggest that particularly in centers with a high positive call rate, the cost of screening mammograms accounts for only a small proportion of the medical costs

Focused two-dimensional antiscatter grid for mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Makarova, O.V.; Moldovan, N.; Tang, C.-M.; Mancini, D.C.; Divan, R.; Zyryanov, V.N.; Ryding, D.C.; Yaeger, J.; Liu, C.

2002-01-01

We are developing freestanding high-aspect-ratio, focused, two-dimensional antiscatter grids for mammography using deep x-ray lithography and copper electroforming. The exposure is performed using x-rays from bending magnet beamline 2-BM at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of Argonne National Laboratory. A 2.8-mm-thick prototype freestanding copper antiscatter grid with 25 (micro)m-wide parallel cell walls and 550 (micro)m periodicity has been fabricated. The progress in developing a dynamic double-exposure technique to create the grid with the cell walls aligned to a point x-ray source of the mammography system is discussed

Die Landschaft in der Geschichte, in der Kultur, in der Kunts und in der Stadtplanung: theoretische Annahmen und Erfahrungen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Coletta

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Das vorgeschlagene Thema hat das Ziel, dem Konzept der Landschaft eine neue Definition zu geben. Sie soll nicht nur als Umhuellung des staedtischen und laendlichen Territoriums gesehen werden, das besiedelt und produktiv ist, zivilisiet und natuerlich belassen, sondern wie ein lebender Koerper, wenn auch nicht bei bester Gesundheit, der trotz seines Altes noch den vielen Veraenderungen standhaelt. Veraenderungen durch Naturkatatrophen herforgerufen, und besonders durch die vielen Wunden die das Werk der Menschen ihm zugefuegt hat. Als lebendes Wesen leidet die Landschaft und freut sich in guten Zeiten, kleidert sich lieber arm, aber schicklich, als reich und anmassend: Zeuge guter und schlechter Haushaltsfuehrung, jedoch Erbe einer Geschichte die sie erhebt, die Geschichte, Literatur, Ausdruecke der Kunts, kreative Planung beseelt hat. All das ist zusammengefasst in dem Wort "Kultur", die es verdient hat, erworben zu werden, vertieft und den naeschsten Generationen weitergegeben, moeglicherweise noch bereichert von dem, das die heutige Kultur ausarbeiten kann, auch auf dem Weg der Stadtplanung.

Aktuelles aus der "Fallambulanz Urheberrecht" der OER Community

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angelika Güttl-Strahlhofer

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Im Sommersemester 2014 öffnete die Fallambulanz Urheberrecht der OER Community (Open Educational Resources der Virtuellen Pädagogischen Hochschule (VPH ihre Pforten und behandelte – von LehrerInnen eingelieferte – "PatientInnen" ... Die OER Community wird auch 2015 für alle LehrerInnen offen sein und ist dazu da, die Herausforderungen des Urheberrechts im LehrerInnenberuf wahrzunehmen und gemeinschaftlich Lösungswege zu erarbeiten. Es folgt eine kurze Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der einzelnen Fälle. Für die ausführlicheren Fallbeschreibungen siehe http://www.virtuelle-ph.at/mod/page/view.php?id=50897 oder auch den Diskussionsverlauf im Forum. Neben den Fällen sind noch zwei Werkstattberichte (Bilder-/Musikschwerpunkt und eine OER-Basisinformation ("Tücken freier Bilder" als Ergebnisse der Lernakitvitäten im Sommersemester 2014 beigefügt.

Landschaftsbereiche der Provinz Latina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luigi Piemontese

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Das Konzept der Landschaft setz sich zusammen aus verschiedenen Bezugspunkten und Interpretationen, je nach dem Blickpunkt, und ihre Wahnehrung veraendert sich je nach der verschiedenartigen Brille mit der man sie sieht. Der Artikel, geht von der Definition der Landschaft aus, wie sie in der Eurpaischen Konvention zitiert ist :“ Ein Teil des Landes, wie es von seinen Volk gesehen ist, dessen Charakter geformt ist aus naturlichen und menschlichen Faktoren und deren Wechselverhaeltnis”. Er wird fortgefuehrt mit der Identifikation der Landschaftsbereiche der Provinz Latina, die angesehn werden sollen als klimatisch, litologisch und morphologisch aenliche Landschaftsportionen, in denen erstens die Merkmale der Flora und Fauna klar werden und an zweiter Stelle, durch den Gebrauch des Territoriums und die Veraendungen mit denen er es gezeichnet hat, das Tun des Menschen. Die Methodik ruht teilweise auf der Klassifizierung des Territoriums, ausgearbeitet von C.Blasio und dem Konkretfall angeglichen.

Der Sport und die traditionelle Bewegungskultur der Aborigines

OpenAIRE

Wrogemann, Ohle

2001-01-01

Bei mehreren Studienaufenthalten in Australien wurde nach den Betrachtungsweisen der deutschen Sportwissenschaft umfangreiches Material der nachstehenden Quellen gesammelt: persönliche Kontakte zu einzelnen Personen, Besuch von öffentlichen und privaten Institutionen, Verfolgen des aktuellen Mediengeschehens, narrative Interviews mit Aborigines, Gespräche mit Experten unterschiedlicher Fachrichtungen, Politikern und Personen der multikulturellen australischen Gesellschaft, Teilnahme ...

"Der unvermeidliche Goethe" : Alexander Lernet-Holenias "Der wahre Werther" im Kontext der neueren "Werther"-Rezeption

OpenAIRE

Hamacher, Bernd

2008-01-01

Lernet-Holenias „Wahrer Werther“ (1959) ist eine Montage: Der größte Teil des Buches besteht aus einer Wiedergabe der 1774 anonym erschienenen ersten Fassung von Goethes »Leiden des jungen Werthers«. Vorangestellt ist eine aus Heinrich Gloëls Buch »Goethes Wetzlarer Zeit« (1911) kompilierte Einleitung, in der die stofflich-biographischen Hintergründe des Romans aus Goethes Wetzlarer Zeit erzählt werden. Die Montage belegt, dass die Gegenreaktion gegen den „Werther“ auch in der Mitte des 20. J...

Der Einsatz von E-Portfolios in der Berufsausbildung - Konzeption und Potenziale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uwe Elsholz

2010-02-01

Full Text Available In der beruflichen Bildung sind (E-Portfolios zur Reflexion des Gelernten – anders als etwa an Hochschulen oder in allgemeinbildenden Schulen – in Theorie und Praxis gegenwärtig kaum existent. Konzepte und Studien zum Einsatz von E-Portfolios in der Berufsausbildung und der Weiterbildung fehlen weitgehend, so dass die Potenziale von Portfolioarbeit für eine selbstbewusstere und selbstbestimmtere Gestaltung beruflichen Lernens bisher ungenutzt bleiben. Hier setzt dieser Beitrag an. Es wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, wie der Einsatz eines E-Portfolios die Berufsausbildung im dualen System unterstützen kann. Anhand des dargestellten Beispiels werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Einsatzes von E-Portfolios in der beruflichen Bildung aufgezeigt. Die Umsetzung des E-Portfolios findet im Rahmen des berufswissenschaftlich begründeten E- Learning-Konzepts der Kompetenzwerkst@tt statt (vgl. Howe/Knutzen 2007. Die Kompetenzwerkst@tt ist ein softwaregestütztes Ausbildungskonzept, das sich an realen beruflichen Arbeitsprozessen und Ansätzen des Situierten Lernens orientiert. Im Mittelpunkt des E-Portfolios als Teil der Kompetenzwerkst@tt steht die lernortübergreifende Dokumentation und Reflexion der Ausbildungsinhalte der Dualen Berufsausbildung. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie die konzeptionellen Überlegungen zur Portfolioarbeit in der beruflichen Bildung vom Portfolio-Diskurs in anderen Bildungsbereichen beeinflusst sind, sich aber in der Umsetzung und in den konkreten Zielsetzungen deutlich unterscheiden. Es werden darüber hinaus weitere Möglichkeiten und Optionen von Portfolioarbeit in der beruflichen Bildung aufgezeigt.

Water turbine control: Historical outline; Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Regelung der Wasserturbinen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fasol, K.H.

1999-07-01

Controlled water turbines were first introduced in the second half of the 19th century. The report takes a look at the history of controlled turbines, including those inventions and technologies that paved the way for water turbines as we know them today and for turbine speed control. The report is based on a lecture presented by the author on 10 Nov 1998 in the opening session of the 10th international seminar on hydroelectric power systems at the university of Vienna. The contents are presented in more detail and illustrated by examples. [German] Seit langem widmen sich Wissenschaftshistoriker und auch Ingenieure der Erforschung und Aufarbeitung der Technikgeschichte als eigenstaendige Disziplin der Wissenschaftsgeschichte, wofuer an vielen Universitaeten und Hochschulen entsprechende Lehrstuehle bestehen. Auch an der Entwicklung der Regelungstechnik im Allgemeinen ist das Interesse mit langem erwacht. Die ersten geregelten Wasserturbinen wurden in der zweiten Haelfte des 19. Jahrhunderts bekannt und so ist es denn auch angebracht, die zumindest 130 Jahre der Entwicklungsgeschichte dieser Turbinenregelung darzustellen. Dies ginge nicht, ohne zunaechst auch auf jene anderen Erfindungen und Technologien kurz zurueckzublicken, die Wegbereiter fuer die heutigen Wasserturbinen und fuer die ersten Ansaetze zu deren Drehzahlregelung waren. Diese Arbeit beruht auf einem Hauptvortrag, der am 10 November 1998 in der Eroeffnungssitzung des 10. Internationalen Seminars Wasserkraftanlagen an der Technischen Universitaet Wien gehalten wurde. Gegenueber der schriftlichen Fassung jenes Vortrags wird mit diesem Heft den an diesem speziellen Sektor der Technikgeschichte interessierten Kollegen eine stark erweiterte Fassung vorgelegt. (orig./GL)

Artificial Neural Networks in Mammography Interpretation and Diagnostic Decision Making

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Turgay Ayer

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Screening mammography is the most effective means for early detection of breast cancer. Although general rules for discriminating malignant and benign lesions exist, radiologists are unable to perfectly detect and classify all lesions as malignant and benign, for many reasons which include, but are not limited to, overlap of features that distinguish malignancy, difficulty in estimating disease risk, and variability in recommended management. When predictive variables are numerous and interact, ad hoc decision making strategies based on experience and memory may lead to systematic errors and variability in practice. The integration of computer models to help radiologists increase the accuracy of mammography examinations in diagnostic decision making has gained increasing attention in the last two decades. In this study, we provide an overview of one of the most commonly used models, artificial neural networks (ANNs, in mammography interpretation and diagnostic decision making and discuss important features in mammography interpretation. We conclude by discussing several common limitations of existing research on ANN-based detection and diagnostic models and provide possible future research directions.

Abnormality Detection in Mammography using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

OpenAIRE

Xi, Pengcheng; Shu, Chang; Goubran, Rafik

2018-01-01

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The most common screening technology is mammography. To reduce the cost and workload of radiologists, we propose a computer aided detection approach for classifying and localizing calcifications and masses in mammogram images. To improve on conventional approaches, we apply deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) for automatic feature learning and classifier building. In computer-aided mammography, deep CNN classifiers cannot be tra...

Evaluation of injuries of the upper cervical spine in a postmortem study with digital radiography, CT and MRI; Evaluation experimentell erzeugter Verletzungen der oberen Halswirbelsaeule mit digitaler Roentgentechnik, Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Obenauer, S.; Herold, T.; Fischer, U.; Grabbe, E. [Goettingen Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Roentgendiagnostik; Fadjasch, G.; Saternus, K.S. [Goettingen Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Rechtsmedizin; Koebke, J. [Koeln Univ. (Germany). Anatomisches Inst.

1999-12-01

obere Halswirbelsaeulen-Praeparate wurden nach definiertem Rotationstrauma sowie nach Praeparation mittels digitaler Roentgentechnik (DIMA Soft P41, Fa. Feinfokus), mittels CT (CTi, High Speed, GE) in konventioneller und in Spiraltechnik (Kollimation 1 mm, Pitch 1.0) sowie mit Hilfe der MRT (Magnetom Vision Siemens) in 2D- und 3D-Technik untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Praeparation zeigte 6 Wirbelkoerperfrakturen, 5 Densfrakturen, 1 Fraktur des vorderen Atlasbogens, 4 knoecherne Ausrisse an den okzipitalen Kondylen und 6 Laesionen der Ligg. alaria. Die digitale Praeparateradiographie dokumentierte alle Frakturen und die 4 knoechernen Ausrissfrakturen am Condylus occipitalis. In der CT konnten alle Frakturen und ligamentaeren Verletzungen erkannt werden. Die 2D MRT wies 9 Frakturen sicher und 3 fraglich nach; die 3D MRT zeigte 7 Frakturen sicher und 5 fraglich. Von den 4 Ausrissfrakturen konnten 2 mit der 2D MRT und 1 mit der 3D MRT nachgewiesen werden. Ligamentaere Verletzungen waren sicher in der 2D MRT in 2/6 Faellen und in der 3D MRT in 1 Fall zu erkennen. Diskussion: In postmortalen Studien zeigt die CT gegenueber der digitalen Radiographie und der MRT in der Detektion von Frakturen und ligamentaeren Verletzungen der oberen Halswirbelsaeule eine Ueberlegenheit, wobei diese Ergebnisse nur bedingt auf Patienten nach Hochgeschwindigkeitstrauma uebertragbar sind. (orig.)

Value of mammography and breast ultrasound in male patients with nipple discharge.

Science.gov (United States)

Muñoz Carrasco, Rafaela; Álvarez Benito, Marina; Rivin del Campo, Eleonor

2013-03-01

To assess the contribution of mammography and ultrasound in men with nipple discharge. All men with nipple discharge who underwent mammography and/or ultrasound between 1993 and 2011 in our hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Radiological findings were classified according to BI-RADS lexicon. The final diagnosis was made based on histopathological results or clinical-radiological follow-up. The diagnostic performance of physical examination, mammography and ultrasound was calculated and compared. 26 men with 21 mammograms and 19 ultrasounds were reviewed. The final diagnoses were: 6 carcinomas (23.1%), 10 gynaecomastias, 2 pseudogynaecomastias and 8 normal breast tissues. Mammograms and ultrasounds performed on all five patients with infiltrating carcinoma showed a mass (categories 4 and 5). In all these patients except one, a breast mass was also noted and the physical examination was positive or suspected malignancy. In the patient with carcinoma in situ, the only conspicuous clinical sign was bloody nipple discharge and the mammography showed calcifications (category 4) that were not visible on ultrasound. Radiological findings of all patients without malignancy were classified as categories 1 and 2. The diagnostic performance of physical examination was lower than mammography and ultrasound (P>0.05). Mammography was more sensitive than ultrasound (100% vs. 83.3%). Both techniques showed the same specificity (100%). Men with nipple discharge have a high incidence of breast carcinoma. Nipple discharge may be the only clinical sign of carcinoma in situ. Mammography and ultrasound are useful in the evaluation of men with nipple discharge, diagnosing carcinoma in initial stages, avoiding unnecessary biopsies. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preliminary results for positron emission mammography: real-time functional breast imaging in a conventional mammography gantry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weinberg, I.; Majewski, S.; Weisenberger, A.; Markowitz, A.; Aloj, L.; Majewski, L,; Danforth, D.; Mulshine, J.; Cowan, K.; Zujewski, J.; Chow, C.; Jones, E.; Chang, V.; Berg, W.; Frank, J.

1996-01-01

In order to optimally integrate radiotracer breast imaging within the breast clinic, anatomy and pathology should be easily correlated with functional nuclear medicine breast images. As a first step in the development of a hybrid functional/anatomic breast imaging platform with biopsy capability, a conventional X-ray mammography gantry was modified to image the compressed brest with positron emitters. Phantom studies with the positron emission mammography (PEM) device showed that a 1-cc hot spot could be detected within 5 min. A preliminary clinical trial demonstrated in vivo visualization of primary breast cancer within 4 min. For sites where positron-emitting radionuclides are available, PEM promises to achieve low-cost directed functional examination of breast abnormalities, with potential for achieving X-ray correlation and image-guided biopsy. (orig.)

Reflexion in der Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit: Informeller Austausch versus methodengeleitete Reflexion

OpenAIRE

Hofer, Andi; Pivarci, Pavol

2010-01-01

Die qualitative Studie «Reflexion in der Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit» basiert auf der Annahme, dass ein unterschiedliches Verständnis zu einer unterschiedlichen Umsetzung der Reflexion führt. Reflexion ist jedoch ein gefordertes Qualitätskriterium der Sozialen Arbeit. In der relevanten Literatur ist Reflexion ein Bestandteil des methodischen Handelns und wird als Evaluation oder reflexive Aufgabenbearbeitung definiert, wobei sie durch individuelle und institutionelle Faktoren wechselseitig bed...

Managed Care Penetration and the Use of Screening Mammography by Uninsured Women

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Garg, Pushkal

2003-01-01

..., and increased waiting times for mammography. In this study, we examined whether there was an association between managed care penetration and rates of mammography among uninsured women between 50 and 64 years of age...

On the possibility of reducing doses received by patients during mammography screening

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tolwinski, J.; Fabiszewska, E.; Gwiazdowska, B.; Bulski, W.

2005-01-01

The aim of the study was to collect and to evaluate a set of data of a large group of patients examined with different mammography units, and to compare the individual doses (Di) with the standard average glandular dose (standard AGD) established for a particular mammography unit. The comparison was intended to allow to formulate recommendations of procedures in order to limit the exposure of patients, procedures which are beyond the scope of routine testing of mammography facilities. The presented analysis bases on the results of the measurements of the standard AGD, taken from 82 protocols of quality control of mammography equipment; - 16 histograms of dose distribution for individual patients (Di) examined with 16 different mammography units; - 2 histograms for patients examined with one mammography unit by the radiographer before and after training; - histograms of individual doses (Di), corresponding high-voltage (kV) and tube-loading (mAs) values, for one mammography unit (Elscint-Glory 2001) which was equipped with an automatic optimisation of contrast (AOC) system. The measurements were carried out according to the procedures of the American College of Radiology (ACR). Basing upon the constructed histograms we performed a comparison of the standard AGD values with the individual doses (Di). The frequency distribution of the standard AGDs (Figure 1) shows a considerable dispersion of values, ranging between 0.5 and 2.5 mGy. The histograms of the individual glandular doses (Di) calculated for individual patients, examined with different units (Figure 2) suggest that the choice of high voltage made by the radiographers may be incorrect i.e. the high voltage was not increased sufficiently with the increase of breast thickness. The incorrect value of the high voltage (low value) may be also set up by the AOC system (Figure 4). Two histograms for patients examined with one mammography unit by the radiographer before and after training (Figure 3) indicate the

Postmortem validation of breast density using dual-energy mammography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molloi, Sabee, E-mail: symolloi@uci.edu; Ducote, Justin L.; Ding, Huanjun; Feig, Stephen A. [Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 (United States)

2014-08-15

Purpose: Mammographic density has been shown to be an indicator of breast cancer risk and also reduces the sensitivity of screening mammography. Currently, there is no accepted standard for measuring breast density. Dual energy mammography has been proposed as a technique for accurate measurement of breast density. The purpose of this study is to validate its accuracy in postmortem breasts and compare it with other existing techniques. Methods: Forty postmortem breasts were imaged using a dual energy mammography system. Glandular and adipose equivalent phantoms of uniform thickness were used to calibrate a dual energy basis decomposition algorithm. Dual energy decomposition was applied after scatter correction to calculate breast density. Breast density was also estimated using radiologist reader assessment, standard histogram thresholding and a fuzzy C-mean algorithm. Chemical analysis was used as the reference standard to assess the accuracy of different techniques to measure breast composition. Results: Breast density measurements using radiologist reader assessment, standard histogram thresholding, fuzzy C-mean algorithm, and dual energy were in good agreement with the measured fibroglandular volume fraction using chemical analysis. The standard error estimates using radiologist reader assessment, standard histogram thresholding, fuzzy C-mean, and dual energy were 9.9%, 8.6%, 7.2%, and 4.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that dual energy mammography can be used to accurately measure breast density. The variability in breast density estimation using dual energy mammography was lower than reader assessment rankings, standard histogram thresholding, and fuzzy C-mean algorithm. Improved quantification of breast density is expected to further enhance its utility as a risk factor for breast cancer.

Postmortem validation of breast density using dual-energy mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molloi, Sabee; Ducote, Justin L.; Ding, Huanjun; Feig, Stephen A.

2014-01-01

Purpose: Mammographic density has been shown to be an indicator of breast cancer risk and also reduces the sensitivity of screening mammography. Currently, there is no accepted standard for measuring breast density. Dual energy mammography has been proposed as a technique for accurate measurement of breast density. The purpose of this study is to validate its accuracy in postmortem breasts and compare it with other existing techniques. Methods: Forty postmortem breasts were imaged using a dual energy mammography system. Glandular and adipose equivalent phantoms of uniform thickness were used to calibrate a dual energy basis decomposition algorithm. Dual energy decomposition was applied after scatter correction to calculate breast density. Breast density was also estimated using radiologist reader assessment, standard histogram thresholding and a fuzzy C-mean algorithm. Chemical analysis was used as the reference standard to assess the accuracy of different techniques to measure breast composition. Results: Breast density measurements using radiologist reader assessment, standard histogram thresholding, fuzzy C-mean algorithm, and dual energy were in good agreement with the measured fibroglandular volume fraction using chemical analysis. The standard error estimates using radiologist reader assessment, standard histogram thresholding, fuzzy C-mean, and dual energy were 9.9%, 8.6%, 7.2%, and 4.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that dual energy mammography can be used to accurately measure breast density. The variability in breast density estimation using dual energy mammography was lower than reader assessment rankings, standard histogram thresholding, and fuzzy C-mean algorithm. Improved quantification of breast density is expected to further enhance its utility as a risk factor for breast cancer

Estimating the relative utility of screening mammography.

Science.gov (United States)

Abbey, Craig K; Eckstein, Miguel P; Boone, John M

2013-05-01

The concept of diagnostic utility is a fundamental component of signal detection theory, going back to some of its earliest works. Attaching utility values to the various possible outcomes of a diagnostic test should, in principle, lead to meaningful approaches to evaluating and comparing such systems. However, in many areas of medical imaging, utility is not used because it is presumed to be unknown. In this work, we estimate relative utility (the utility benefit of a detection relative to that of a correct rejection) for screening mammography using its known relation to the slope of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve at the optimal operating point. The approach assumes that the clinical operating point is optimal for the goal of maximizing expected utility and therefore the slope at this point implies a value of relative utility for the diagnostic task, for known disease prevalence. We examine utility estimation in the context of screening mammography using the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trials (DMIST) data. We show how various conditions can influence the estimated relative utility, including characteristics of the rating scale, verification time, probability model, and scope of the ROC curve fit. Relative utility estimates range from 66 to 227. We argue for one particular set of conditions that results in a relative utility estimate of 162 (±14%). This is broadly consistent with values in screening mammography determined previously by other means. At the disease prevalence found in the DMIST study (0.59% at 365-day verification), optimal ROC slopes are near unity, suggesting that utility-based assessments of screening mammography will be similar to those found using Youden's index.

Entrance surface dose measurements in mammography using thermoluminescence technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rivera, T.; Vega C, H.R.; Manzanares A, E; Azorin, J.; Gonzalez, P.R.

2007-01-01

Full text: Of the various techniques that can be used for personnel dosimetry, thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) has emerged as a superior technique due to its manifold advantages over other methods of dose estimation. Various phosphors have been therefore investigated regarding their suitability for dosimetry. In this paper, a dosimetry system based on thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) from zirconium oxide phosphors embedded in polytetrafluorethylene (ZrO 2 +PTFE) was developed for entrance surface doses (ES) measurements in mammography. Small ZrO 2 pellets of 5 mm in diameter and 0.8 mm in thickness were used. The reproducibility of measurements and linearity of ZrO 2 were also studied. The results were compared with those obtained from LiF:Mg,Cu,P usually used for the determination of absorbed dose in mammography. Measurements both per unit air kerma and In vivo were performed using a mammography unit model DMR (General Electric). The results showed that ZrO 2 TLDs can be used for the same X-ray dosimetry applications as LiF:Mg,Cu,P, with each type having the disadvantage of a response dependent on energy, particularly at low energies. These results indicate a considerable potential for use in routine control and In vivo ES measurements in mammography. (Author)

Digital Mammography in Young Women: Is a Single View Sufficient?

Science.gov (United States)

Gossner, Johannes

2016-03-01

Single view mammography may be a less time consuming, more comfortable and radiation reduced alternative for young women, but there are no studies examining this approach after the implementation of digital mammography into clinical practice. Retrospective analysis of all mammographies performed in women younger than 40 years during a 24 month period. The sample consisted of 109 women with 212 examined breasts. All patients initially received standard two- view mammography. In the study setting the MLO- views were read by a single viewer and compared to a composite reference standard. In this sample 7 malignant findings were present and the review of the MLO-view detected 6 of them (85%). In patients with dense breasts 4 out of 5 malignant findings were found on the single-view (sensitivity 80%) and all 2 malignant findings were detected in patients with low breast density (sensitivity 100%). There were 7 false positive findings (3.3%). i.e. in total 8 out of 212 examined breasts were therefore misinterpreted (3.8%). Single view digital mammography detects the vast majority of malignant findings, especially in low density breast tissue and the rate of false-positive findings is within acceptable limits. Therefore this approach may be used in different scenarios (for example in increasing patient throughout in resource poor settings, reducing radiation burden in the young or in combination with ultrasound to use the strengths of both methods). More research on this topic is needed to establish its potential role in breast imaging.

Implementation of Synthesized Two-dimensional Mammography in a Population-based Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Program

Science.gov (United States)

Zuckerman, Samantha P.; Keller, Brad M.; Maidment, Andrew D. A.; Barufaldi, Bruno; Weinstein, Susan P.; Synnestvedt, Marie; McDonald, Elizabeth S.

2016-01-01

Purpose To evaluate the early implementation of synthesized two-dimensional (s2D) mammography in a population screened entirely with s2D and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) (referred to as s2D/DBT) and compare recall rates and cancer detection rates to historic outcomes of digital mammography combined with DBT (referred to as digital mammography/DBT) screening. Materials and Methods This was an institutional review board–approved and HIPAA-compliant retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data with waiver of informed consent. Compared were recall rates, biopsy rates, cancer detection rates, and radiation dose for 15 571 women screened with digital mammography/DBT from October 1, 2011, to February 28, 2013, and 5366 women screened with s2D/DBT from January 7, 2015, to June 30, 2015. Two-sample z tests of equal proportions were used to determine statistical significance. Results Recall rate for s2D/DBT versus digital mammography/DBT was 7.1% versus 8.8%, respectively (P < .001). Biopsy rate for s2D/DBT versus digital mammography/DBT decreased (1.3% vs 2.0%, respectively; P = .001). There was no significant difference in cancer detection rate for s2D/DBT versus digital mammography/DBT (5.03 of 1000 vs 5.45 of 1000, respectively; P = .72). The average glandular dose was 39% lower in s2D/DBT versus digital mammography/DBT (4.88 mGy vs 7.97 mGy, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion Screening with s2D/DBT in a large urban practice resulted in similar outcomes compared with digital mammography/DBT imaging. Screening with s2D/DBT allowed for the benefits of DBT with a decrease in radiation dose compared with digital mammography/DBT. © RSNA, 2016 An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on August 11, 2016. PMID:27467468

Use of Iodine-based contrast media in digital full-field mammography - initial experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diekmann, F.; Diekmann, S.; Taupitz, M.; Bick, U.; Winzer, K.-J.; Huettner, C.; Muller, S.; Jeunehomme, F.; Hamm, B.

2003-01-01

Aim: To investigate the use of iodine-based contrast media in digital full-field mammography. Methods: After performing initial phantom studies, seven patients underwent digital mammography (Senographe 2000D, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA) using a specially filtered beam before as well as 60, 120, and 180 seconds after injection of 80 ml of iodine contrast medium (Ultravist 370, Schering AG, Germany). The precontrast mammograms were then subtracted from the postcontrast mammograms and the resulting images compared with a contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI study, performed on all women. Results: Contrast medium accumulation within the tumors was visualized with a good quality in all cases. The conditions under which successful contrast-enhanced digital mammography can be performed were determined in phantom studies. Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced digital mammography has a potential for improving the visualization of breast tumors in mammography using special beam filtering, adjusted X-ray parameters, proper timing, and suitable subtraction software. (orig.) [de

Comparative study on mammographic findings between conventional mammography and digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez Calle, Aurelio; Saldarriaga Jaramillo, Ximena; Zapata Walliser, Luz Estela; Mejia Restrepo, Jorge Hernando; Arango Martinez, Adriana; Velez Arango, Jorge Mario

2007-01-01

We performed conventional-film mammograms in 180 patients between 35 and 6 years and additionally, we added 2 digital CR technique images to each patient, either craneocaudal (90 patients) or oblique (90 patients). All images were interpreted independently by four radiologists for a total of 720 evaluations, who compared film versus digital images through a 5 mega pixel monitor (soft-copy), using a score scale using the following parameters: mass visualization, detection of micro-calcifications, architectural distortion, visibility of the skin line, and image sharpness and noise. Additionally the tissue density was classified as well as the BIRADS score. The data was processed with the Teleform program and analyzed by de SPSSS program. Results: 52.6% of the micro-calcifications were equally visualized with both systems, in 13.5% of the cases they were better visualized with digital mammography. Similarly, in 50% of the cases, the skin line was better visualized with the digital CR modality. Conclusion: the sharpness of the image was also better seen with the digital CR technique in 48.2%. On the contrary, more noise was seen in digital CR images (63%). digital mammography is a diagnostic alternative that can improve mammographic findings detection and finally become a useful tool in breast cancer diagnosis

[Controversial attitude to mammography screening in asymptomatic women between 40 and 50 years of age].

Science.gov (United States)

Frischbier, H J

1994-01-01

The results of screening studies conducted in the United States and in Europe in females between the ages of 40 and 50 are analysed. It is shown, that the results of this study on mortality reduction are less favourable, the poorer the technique of mammography (foregoing of general two-view mammography) and the longer the time interval between two mammography screenings. Arguments are presented, that are brought forward when declining to perform general mammography screening in this age group. The author's own results, obtained in the Hamburg mammography screening study, which included from 1971 to 1986 also premenopausal women, show, that the survival rates of patients below 50 years of age with mammographically detected carcinomas of the breast do not differ from those in patients older than 50 years, according to a relevant age group classification. The advances in the technique of mammography in recent years are analysed on the basis of the author's own patient material. It is evident, that the positive predictive value has been doubled, especially in the age group between 40 and 50. An analysis of the distribution of diagnosed noninvasive carcinomas compared with the invasive carcinomas reveals, that particularly this age group has the highest percentage of identification of prognostically favourable carcinoma stages. Further analyses show, why the randomised European mammography studies could not yield a significant mortality rate improvement. A prerequisite for the inclusion of mammography screening in the legally prescribed early detection of carcinoma examinations, however, are the quality controls, whose realisation, in our health system, will have to be confirmed by the German mammography study.

Grundlagen der ultraschallgezielten transurethralen Stammzelltherapie der Harn-Inkontinenz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Strasser H

2005-01-01

Full Text Available In präklinischen Studien wurden Sicherheit und Durchführbarkeit von durch transurethralen Ultraschall geführten Injektionen von autologen Myo- und Fibroblasten zur Behandlung der Stressinkontinenz untersucht. Zwischen 2002 und März 2005 wurden 129 inkontinente Patienten (Alter 36–85 Jahre, 92 Frauen, 37 Männer in eine klinische Studie aufgenommen, um zu untersuchen, ob die Stressinkontinenz effektiv mittels durch transurethralen Ultraschall geführte Injektionen von autologen Myo- und Fibroblasten behandelt werden kann. Die Patienten litten an Stress- oder gemischter Harninkontinenz. Vor und nach der Therapie wurden ein definierter Inkontinenz-Score, Veränderungen der Lebensqualität sowie Morphologie und Funktion von Urethra und Rhabdosphinkter bewertet. Der transurethrale Ultraschall wurde zur Untersuchung und Visualisierung des unteren Harntraktes verwendet. Zusätzlich wurden vor und nach der Behandlung urodynamische und Labortests durchgeführt. Es wurden kleine Muskelbiopsien am Oberarm unter Lokalanästhesie entnommen und die Zellen in einem GMP-Labor zum Wachstum gebracht. Die Fibroblasten wurden fallweise mit einer kleinen Menge an Kollagen als Trägermaterial (ca. 2,5 ml gemischt. Mittels transurethralem Ultraschall und einer speziell entwickelten Injektionsvorrichtung wurden die Fibroblasten in die urethrale Mukosa zur Atrophiebehandlung injiziert. Die Myoblasten wurden direkt in den Rabdosphinkter zur Muskelrekonstruktion injiziert. Bei 108 Patienten konnte die Harninkontinenz nach der Injektion geheilt werden. Die postoperative Lebensqualität sowie die Dicke von Urethra und Rhabdosphinkter und die Aktivität und Kontraktilität des Rhabdosphinkter waren nach der Behandlung wesentlich verbessert. Bei 21 Patienten kam es zu einer Verbesserung der Harninkontinenz. Es traten keine Nebenwirkungen oder Komplikationen auf.

Implications of Overdiagnosis: Impact on Screening Mammography Practices

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Elizabeth; Feig, Stephen A.; Drexler, Madeline

2015-01-01

Abstract This review article explores the issue of overdiagnosis in screening mammography. Overdiagnosis is the screen detection of a breast cancer, histologically confirmed, that might not otherwise become clinically apparent during the lifetime of the patient. While screening mammography is an imperfect tool, it remains the best tool we have to diagnose breast cancer early, before a patient is symptomatic and at a time when chances of survival and options for treatment are most favorable. In 2015, an estimated 231,840 new cases of breast cancer (excluding ductal carcinoma in situ) will be diagnosed in the United States, and some 40,290 women will die. Despite these data, screening mammography for women ages 40–69 has contributed to a substantial reduction in breast cancer mortality, and organized screening programs have led to a shift from late-stage diagnosis to early-stage detection. Current estimates of overdiagnosis in screening mammography vary widely, from 0% to upwards of 30% of diagnosed cancers. This range reflects the fact that measuring overdiagnosis is not a straightforward calculation, but usually one based on different sets of assumptions and often biased by methodological flaws. The recent development of tomosynthesis, which creates high-resolution, three-dimensional images, has increased breast cancer detection while reducing false recalls. Because the greatest harm of overdiagnosis is overtreatment, the key goal should not be less diagnosis but better treatment decision tools. (Population Health Management 2015;18:S3–S11) PMID:26414384

Der evolutionäre Naturalismus in der Ethik

Science.gov (United States)

Kaiser, Marie I.

Charles Darwin hat eindrucksvoll gezeigt, dass der Mensch ebenso wie alle anderen Lebewesen ein Produkt der biologischen Evolution ist. Die sich an Darwin anschließende Forschung hat außerdem plausibel gemacht, dass sich nicht nur viele der körperlichen Merkmale des Menschen, sondern auch (zumindest einige) seiner Verhaltensdispositionen in adaptiven Selektionsprozessen herausgebildet haben. Die Vorstellung, dass auch die menschliche Moralität evolutionär bedingt ist, scheint daher auf den ersten Blick ganz überzeugend. Schließlich hat die Evolutionstheorie in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten in vielen Bereichen (auch außerhalb der Biologie) ihre weitreichende Bedeutung unter Beweis gestellt. Warum sollte, so könnte man beispielsweise fragen, gerade die Fähigkeit des Menschen, moralische Normen aufzustellen und gemäß ihnen zu handeln, nicht evolutionär erklärt werden können? Und warum sollte eine solche evolutionäre Erklärung der menschlichen Moralität irrelevant für die Rechtfertigung moralischer Normen sein? Warum sollte die Ethik eine Bastion der Philosophen bleiben, für die evolutionsbiologische Forschungsergebnisse über den Menschen und seine nächsten Verwandten keinerlei Relevanz besitzen?

Audit of mammography performed in our hospital

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kantharia, Surita

2013-09-01

A medical audit is a compilation of patient outcomes over a certain period of time. Audit of Mammography provides an objective criterion of the appropriateness and accuracy in image interpretation, and is the best measure of a mammographer's performance. The audit assesses 3 important outcomes: i) detection of the percentage of cancers in a population, ii) finding these cancers while they are still curable (small and node negative), iii) finding these cancers through an acceptably low number of recalls and biopsies. With this background, I am presenting an audit of Mammography done at our centre from the period May 2010 to April 2013. (author)

Managed Care Penetration and the Use of Screening Mammography by Uninsured Women

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Garg, Pushkal

2002-01-01

..., and increased waiting times for mammography. In this study we propose to examine whether there is an association between managed care penetration and rates of mammography among uninsured women between 50 and 64 years of age...

Performance of combined clinical mammography and needle biopsy: a nationwide study from Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Allan; Rank, Fritz; Dyreborg, Uffe

2006-01-01

Clinical mammography and needle biopsy are key tools for non-operative assessment of breast lesions. We evaluated the performance of all combined tests undertaken in Denmark in 2000. Clinical mammography and needle biopsy data were collected and linked to final cancer outcome, to determine sensit...... with a suspicious or malignant result indicated a high risk of cancer, and excisional diagnostic biopsy therefore still has an important role to play.......Clinical mammography and needle biopsy are key tools for non-operative assessment of breast lesions. We evaluated the performance of all combined tests undertaken in Denmark in 2000. Clinical mammography and needle biopsy data were collected and linked to final cancer outcome, to determine...

Studies of breast masses in Korean woman using tungsten anode mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suh, C. O.; Oh, K. K.; Lee, K. S.

1979-01-01

Mammography is the oldest and most popular method in the diagnosis of breast disease and received the special attention as the powerful instrument in early detection of breast cancer. In Korea, the mammography has not been widely used, yet, but nowadays, increasing incidence of breast cancer and good prognosis after early detection and proper treatment need the clinical application of mammography for management of patient with breast disease and for the detection of occult cancer. The technique obtaining the good quality film is essential for improving the diagnostic accuracy of mammography in breast disease and in general, excellent film radiographs of breast can be obtained with proper combination of Kvp, processing, selection of fine grained film, fine focus tube and compression. In present study, radiographic technique was used in which 36-40 Kvp and 200 mAs were derived from a small focus Tungsten Anode tube. Medio-lateral and Cranio-caudad view were taken using Acryl compression device, which was specially designed by authors in order to properly examine the small, dense breasts of Korean women. Non-screen fine grained mammographic films was used and processing was manual.The materials consisted of 150 cases of mammography performed at Yonsei University Medical College, Severance Hospital, since January, 1978. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of mammography and mammographic findings in pathologically confirmed 39 cases. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Because women are sensitive to her breast changes, mammography is very useful not only in diagnosis of breast disease and early detection of cancer, but also management of patients with breast symptom and sign. 2. We obtained the relatively good quality film and high diagnostic accuracy with our own method, using conventional Tungsten Anode tube, compression device and hand processing. 3. We also applied specimen radiography in diagnosis of breast disease, which was helpful in verification of the adequacy

Mammography Screening Among African-American Women with a Family History of Breast Cancer

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Lipkus, Issac

1997-01-01

Comparisons were made between African-American women with and without a family history of breast cancer with respect to mammography screening, attitudes towards mammography screening and perceptions...

Dosimetry in a torso phantom during a mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hernandez O, M.; Duran M, H. A.; Pinedo S, A.; Salas L, M. A.; Hernandez D, V. M.; Vega C, H. R.; Rivera M, T.; Ventura M, J.

2009-10-01

Two dosimetric magnitudes, the absorbed dose and the kerma in air to the entrance of torso have been determined. These dosimetric magnitudes are due to the radiation that is dispersed in the mammary gland when the patient undergoes a mammography study. The kerma to the entrance of the torso and the absorbed dose by the torso was obtained in a phantom of paraffin and with thermoluminescent dosemeters of ZrO 2 . The dosemeters were placed on the surface of the torso phantom while the mammography was carried out. (author)

Knowledge about mammography and associated factors: population surveys with female adults and elderly

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to describe the knowledge about mammography and to identify associated factors in female adults and elderly. Data were obtained from two population surveys, one with female adults and another with elderly women from Florianópolis (SC in 2009 - 2010. A descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out, the appropriate mean of responses about mammography was estimated and crude and adjusted Poisson regression was conducted to identify associated factors. Among adults, 23.1% answered all of the questions appropriately and the appropriate average responses was 7.2 (95%CI 7.1 - 7.3 in a total of 9. In the adjusted model, older age, higher education and income were associated with knowledge about mammography. For the elderly, 15.3% answered all questions appropriately and the average of appropriate responses was 6.4 (95%CI 5.2 - 6.5 and the factors associated with knowledge about mammography in the adjusted model were younger age groups, increased education and income, and identification of mammography as the main diagnostic method for breast cancer. Information about mammography can neither be transmitted in a clear way nor be easily understood; there are also demographic and socioeconomic differences concerning the knowledge about the exam.

Breast imaging and reporting data system - Mammography. ACR BI-RADS registered -Mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischer, U.; Helbrich, T.

2006-01-01

ACR BI-RADS registered mammography is an established technique in all German-speaking countries and has become a standard part of all mammographic findings. The first German-language edition three years ago made a significant contribution to this. This is the second, revised and edited edition. It is based on the fourth English-language edition of the ACR which was published in 2003. (orig.)

Identification of Breast Cancer Using Integrated Information from MRI and Mammography.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shih-Neng Yang

Full Text Available Integration of information from corresponding regions between the breast MRI and an X-ray mammogram could benefit the detection of breast cancer in clinical diagnosis. We aimed to provide a framework of registration from breast MRI to mammography and to evaluate the diagnosis using the combined information.43 patients with 46 lesions underwent both MRI and mammography scans, and the interval between the two examinations was around one month. The distribution of malignant to benign lesions was 31/46 based on histological results. Maximum intensity projection and thin-plate spline methods were applied for image registration for MRI to mammography. The diagnosis using integrated information was evaluated using results of histology as the reference. The assessment of annotations and statistical analysis were performed by the two radiologists.For the cranio-caudal view, the mean post-registration error between MRI and mammography was 2.2±1.9 mm. For the medio-lateral oblique view, the proposed approach performed even better with a mean error of 3.0±2.4 mm. In the diagnosis using MRI assessment with information of mammography, the sensitivity was 91.9±2.3% (29/31, 28/31, specificity 70.0±4.7% (11/15, 10/15, accuracy 84.8±3.1% (40/46, 38/46, positive predictive value 86.4±2.1% (29/33, 28/33 and negative predictive value 80.8±5.4% (11/13, 10/13.MRI with the aid of mammography shows potential improvements of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV in clinical breast cancer diagnosis compared to the use of MRI alone.

Barriers and incentives for choosing to specialise in mammography: Qualitative analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Warren-Forward, H.M.; Taylor, J.

2017-01-01

Aim: There is a projected shortage of radiographers working in breast screening and this study aimed to examine comments from open response questions from a mixed methods survey of current diagnostic radiography students on their perceptions of working in mammography. Method: The survey asked three open ended questions: Justification of choice of modality in which they would want to specialise, why they believed there was a shortage of radiographers working in breast screening and any other comment about mammography. Results: Reasons given for specialising in any modality was interest, feature of a modality, amount of clinical exposure during the degree program, personal issues and career prospects. Few current diagnostic radiography students indicated that they would be interested in specialising in breast imaging. They considered there to be a shortage of radiographers as breast imaging was seen to be repetitive, high pressure, intimate and gender biased. Lack of education, clinical exposure, limited career prospects and low pay were also discussed. Conclusions: Increasing education to the modality during the degree, allowing males to be involved in breast imaging and promoting part-time work in mammography while also working in other modalities may alter the perception that mammography offers a limited career pathway. - Highlights: • Reasons to specialise in a modality include “interest”, “clinical exposure” and “career prospect”. • Reasons not to specialise include “availability of modality” and “gender of radiographer”. • Repetitive nature of mammography was cited as the most common reason for shortage of radiographers. • Restriction to female only radiographers was perceived to be a barrier. • Mammography perceived to be high stress due to pressure on getting correct diagnosis.

ACR BI-RADS Assessment Category 4 Subdivisions in Diagnostic Mammography: Utilization and Outcomes in the National Mammography Database.

Science.gov (United States)

Elezaby, Mai; Li, Geng; Bhargavan-Chatfield, Mythreyi; Burnside, Elizabeth S; DeMartini, Wendy B

2018-05-01

Purpose To determine the utilization and positive predictive value (PPV) of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Data and Reporting System (BI-RADS) category 4 subdivisions in diagnostic mammography in the National Mammography Database (NMD). Materials and Methods This study involved retrospective review of diagnostic mammography data submitted to the NMD from January 1, 2008 to December 30, 2014. Utilization rates of BI-RADS category 4 subdivisions were compared by year, facility (type, location, census region), and examination (indication, finding type) characteristics. PPV3 (positive predictive value for biopsies performed) was calculated overall and according to category 4 subdivision. The χ 2 test was used to test for significant associations. Results Of 1 309 950 diagnostic mammograms, 125 447 (9.6%) were category 4, of which 33.3% (41 841 of 125 447) were subdivided. Subdivision utilization rates were higher (P use, subdivisions were utilized in the minority (33.3% [41 841 of 125 447]) of category 4 diagnostic mammograms, with variability based on facility and examination characteristics. When subdivisions were used, PPV3s were in BI-RADS-specified malignancy ranges. This analysis supports the use of subdivisions in broad practice and, given benefits for patient care, should motivate increased utilization. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Our trial to improve patient positioning during mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakayama, Takashi; Kotsuma, Yoshikazu; Hiramatsu, Sawako

2007-01-01

For effective breast cancer screening, reading of high-quality mammograms is essential, and for this purpose proper patient positioning during mammography is important. At our Shin-Osaka Mammography Seminar, which includes eight institutions, a physician and nine radiology technicians get together weekly in order to critically review mammogram reading and techniques for obtaining good mammograms. We have recognized that patient positioning has a great effect on mammogram quality, particularly for women in their 40 s who have dense mammary glands, and we have adopted a digital mammography system, or comparative mammography for such patients. Since July 2005, we have critically reviewed positioning every 3 or 4 months with the aim of improving our technique. Eight institutions have participated in this trial, each contributing mammograms taken recently from 20 to 30 consecutive participants, and the grade of positioning has been determined according to the Institutional Mammogram Estimation Standard (6 items, each scoring a maximum of 4 points, total 24 points) proposed by the Central Committee for Quality Control of Mammography Screening. The estimation has been done by both ourselves and committee members. When a total of 20 points or more is obtained and all 6 items score 3 points or more, it is considered that the positioning has been good, and this is termed ''Positioning A'' (P-A). On the other hand, if the total score is less than 20 points, and any one of the 6 items scores less than 3 points, it is considered that positioning has been inadequate, and this is termed ''Positioning-D'' (P-D). At the first review meeting, which was held before our critical study, P-A accounted for 48% of cases, and this had improved to 72% at the second meeting, and to 66% at the third. P-D accounted for 41% of cases at the first meeting, 20% at the second, and 21% at the third. Thus our trial involving discussion between a physician and technicians to critically review good

Geschwisterbeziehungen in der Verarbeitung sexueller Traumatisierung: Der Film "Das Fest"

OpenAIRE

Sohni, Hans

2001-01-01

Filme reizen als Gegenstand psychoanalytischer Kunstinterpretation durch ihre strukturelle Nähe zum "szenischen Verstehen" und bereichern unsere Einsicht in menschliche Beziehungen. Der Film "Das Fest" lohnt wegen seiner besonderen ästhetischen Form und wegen seiner Aussage zur Geschwisterbeziehung. Nach filmjournalistischer Einschätzung zeigt er die Demontage der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft und die Reinszenierung destruktiver Gewalt. In der Interpretation dieses Beitrags führt der Film dagegen...

An evaluation of musculoskeletal discomfort experience by radiographers performing mammography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gale, A.G.; May, J

1997-10-01

The aim of this study was to establish whether breast screening radiographers experience any problems of musculoskeletal discomfort, and if so the nature and extent of these problems. The study was then further extended to investigate and determine possible occupational, causal or contributory factors, and to suggest recommendations to help alleviate any discomfort. To investigate this problem five main approaches were undertaken. These consisted of; a national survey, an observational study, the comparison of the physical measurements of the mammography units with anthropometric data, a detailed task analysis, and a body mapping study. The national survey set out to determine if the nature and frequency of such problems were higher in mammography than in other areas of radiography or in the general population. Additionally, comparisons were made with non-radiographic staff working at the same breast screening centres. Video recordings of radiographers performing breast screening were also made and posture analysis performed on these data. A detailed task analysis was conducted to identify interaction points and possible problems between the radiographer and the equipment which she is required to use. Physical measurements of the mammography units were made and compared with anthropometric measurements and guidelines. The body mapping study measured the build up of discomfort throughout the working day on several different mammography units. The results from the survey questionnaire indicated that some breast screening radiographers do experience musculoskeletal problems, and that these are different in nature and prevalence from the musculoskeletal discomfort reported by the two control groups. The prevalence of back pain reported by radiographers undertaking mammography was higher than that present in the normal population. No comparison could be made with other body areas as data regarding other types of musculoskeletal discomfort in the general population are

„Korporatheken“: Die digitale und verdatete Bibliothek

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noah Bubenhofer

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Mit dem digitalen Zeitalter ergeben sich für die Geisteswissenschaften neue methodologische Möglichkeiten, deren Wurzeln jedoch weit zurück reichen. Am Anfang steht der Index, der inzwischen mit viel weniger Aufwand als früher zum Volltextindex wird. Mit der anschliessenden „Verdatung“ werden Sprachdaten verrechenbar und damit anders nutzbar. Welche Rolle können Bibliotheken in einer verdateten Welt spielen? Der folgende Beitrag betont nicht nur die technischen Möglichkeiten, sondern auch die Probleme, spezifisch aus geistes- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Sicht. The digital era produces a whole range of new approaches for research in the humanities whose origins, however, can be traced far back. Their very source is the index, which can take the form of a full text index much easier than before. By turning text into data it becomes computationally tractable and can be used in novel ways. Which role can libraries play in a digitized world? This paper explores technical possibilities but it also points to problems specific for arts and social sciences.

Mammography image compression using Wavelet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azuhar Ripin; Md Saion Salikin; Wan Hazlinda Ismail; Asmaliza Hashim; Norriza Md Isa

2004-01-01

Image compression plays an important role in many applications like medical imaging, televideo conferencing, remote sensing, document and facsimile transmission, which depend on the efficient manipulation, storage, and transmission of binary, gray scale, or color images. In Medical imaging application such Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACs), the image size or image stream size is too large and requires a large amount of storage space or high bandwidth for communication. Image compression techniques are divided into two categories namely lossy and lossless data compression. Wavelet method used in this project is a lossless compression method. In this method, the exact original mammography image data can be recovered. In this project, mammography images are digitized by using Vider Sierra Plus digitizer. The digitized images are compressed by using this wavelet image compression technique. Interactive Data Language (IDLs) numerical and visualization software is used to perform all of the calculations, to generate and display all of the compressed images. Results of this project are presented in this paper. (Author)

Si-strip photon counting detectors for contrast-enhanced spectral mammography

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Buxin; Reiser, Ingrid; Wessel, Jan C.; Malakhov, Nail; Wawrzyniak, Gregor; Hartsough, Neal E.; Gandhi, Thulasi; Chen, Chin-Tu; Iwanczyk, Jan S.; Barber, William C.

2015-08-01

We report on the development of silicon strip detectors for energy-resolved clinical mammography. Typically, X-ray integrating detectors based on scintillating cesium iodide CsI(Tl) or amorphous selenium (a-Se) are used in most commercial systems. Recently, mammography instrumentation has been introduced based on photon counting Si strip detectors. The required performance for mammography in terms of the output count rate, spatial resolution, and dynamic range must be obtained with sufficient field of view for the application, thus requiring the tiling of pixel arrays and particular scanning techniques. Room temperature Si strip detector, operating as direct conversion x-ray sensors, can provide the required speed when connected to application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) operating at fast peaking times with multiple fixed thresholds per pixel, provided that the sensors are designed for rapid signal formation across the X-ray energy ranges of the application. We present our methods and results from the optimization of Si-strip detectors for contrast enhanced spectral mammography. We describe the method being developed for quantifying iodine contrast using the energy-resolved detector with fixed thresholds. We demonstrate the feasibility of the method by scanning an iodine phantom with clinically relevant contrast levels.

Postmortem validation of breast density using dual-energy mammography

OpenAIRE

Molloi, Sabee; Ducote, Justin L.; Ding, Huanjun; Feig, Stephen A.

2014-01-01

Purpose: Mammographic density has been shown to be an indicator of breast cancer risk and also reduces the sensitivity of screening mammography. Currently, there is no accepted standard for measuring breast density. Dual energy mammography has been proposed as a technique for accurate measurement of breast density. The purpose of this study is to validate its accuracy in postmortem breasts and compare it with other existing techniques. Methods: Forty postmortem breasts were imaged using a dua...

Comparison of average glandular dose in screen-film and digital mammography using breast tissue-equivalent phantom

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shin, Gwi Soon; Kim, Jung Min; Kim, You Hyun; Choi, Jong Hak; Kim, Chang Kyun

2007-01-01

In recent years, mammography system is changed rapidly from conventional screen-film system to digital system for application to screening and diagnosis. Digital mammography system provides several advantages over screen-film mammography system. According to the information provided by the manufacturer, digital mammography system offers radiation dose reduction in comparison with screen-film mammography system, because of digital detector, particularly direct digital detector has higher x-ray absorption efficiency than screen-film combination or imaging plate (IP). We measured average glandular doses (ADG) in screen-film mammography (SFM) system with slow screen-film combination, computed mammography (CM) system, indirect digital mammography (IDM) system and direct digital mammography (DDM) system using breast tissue-equivalent phantom (glandularity 30%, 50% and 70%). The results were shown as follows: AGD values for DDM system were highest than those for other systems. Although automatic exposure control (AEC) mode was selected, the curve of the AGD values against thickness or glandularity increased significantly for the SFM system with the uniform target/filter (Mo/Mo) combination. Therefore, the AGD values for the high energy examinations were highest in the SFM system, and those for the low energy examinations were highest in the DDM system. But the curve of the AGD values against thickness and glandularity increased gently for CM system with the automatic selection of the target/filter combination (from Mo/Mo to Mo/Rh or from Mo/Rh to Rh/Rh), and the AGD values were lowest. Consequently, the parameters in mammography for each exposure besides detection efficiency play an important role in order to estimate a patient radiation dose

Estimation of mean glandular dose for patients who undergo mammography and studying the factors affecting it

Science.gov (United States)

Barzanje, Sana L. N. H.; Harki, Edrees M. Tahir Nury

2017-09-01

The objective of this study was to determine mean glandular dose (MGD) during diagnostic mammography. This study was done in two hospitals in Hawler city in Kurdistan -region /Iraq, the exposure parameters kVp and mAs was recorded for 40 patients under go mammography. The MGD estimated by multiplied ESD with normalized glandular dose (Dn). The ESD measured indirectly by measuring output radiation mGy/mAs by using PalmRAD 907 as a suitable detector (Gigger detector).the results; shown that the mean and its standard deviation of MGD for Screen Film Mammography and Digital Mammography are (0.95±0.18)mGy and (0.99±0.26)mGy, respectively. And there is a significant difference between MGD for Screen Film Mammography and Digital Mammography views (p≤0. 05). Also the mean value and its standard deviation of MGD for screen film mammography is (0.96±0.21) for CC projection and (1.03±0.3) mGy for MLO projection, but mean value and its standard deviation evaluated of MGD for digital mammography is (0.92±0.17) mGy for CC projection and (0.98±0.2) mGy for MLO projection. As well as, the effect of kVp and mAs in MGD were studied, shows that in general as kVp and mAs increased the MGD increased accordingly in both of mammography systems.

Frequently Asked Questions about Digital Mammography

Science.gov (United States)

... at www.fda.gov/findmammography . Do private insurance companies, Medicare and Medicaid pay for digital mammography exams, ... Map Nondiscrimination Website Policies U.S. Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring, MD 20993 ...

Neue Medien unter der Organisationsperspektive. Eine empirische Untersuchung in der Weiterbildung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard Stang

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Gesellschaftliche Modernisierungsprozesse haben zu immensen Veränderungsprozessen auf allen Ebenen gesellschaftlichen Lebens geführt. Wirtschaft, Politik, Bildungswesen etc. sind als Gesamtsysteme davon betroffen, genauso wie die Institutionen und Organisationen, die in deren Rahmen agieren. Stehr (2000, S. 17 spricht davon, dass wir uns in einem „Übergangsstadium zwischen zwei Gesellschaftsformationen“ befinden und meint damit den Übergang von der „Industriegesellschaft“ zur „Wissensgesellschaft“, in der Wissen konstitutiv für die Gesellschaftsformation ist. Mit dem Bedeutungszuwachs der Ressource „Wissen“ gehen Prozesse der voranschreitenden gesellschaftlichen Ausdifferenzierung einher. So unterschiedlich die sozialwissenschaftlichen Analysen der Gesellschaftsformation und die daraus gefolgerten theoretischen Konstrukte auch sein mögen (vgl. u.a. Beck 1986, Castells 2001, Gross 1994, Schulze 1993, wird doch in einem besonderen Maße die Entwicklung von Technik, besonders der Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken (im Folgenden: Neuen Medien, als ein wichtiger Motor der gesellschaftlichen Veränderungsprozesse gesehen. Besonders Castells (2001 hat die gesellschaftliche, kulturelle und ökonomische Bedeutung der Neuen Medien in seiner Studie über die Netzwerkgesellschaft eindrucksvoll herausgearbeitet.

Hegel und die Opferung der Philosophie: Dialektik der Ästhetik und Politik

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jovanov Rastko

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Dem Aufsatz liegen folgende Fragen zugrunde: Ist es gerechtfertigt, vom Erbe der tragischen Darstellung des Kampfes im Hegelschen Begriff der Philosophie und insbesondere in seiner Konzeption der Dialektik als Bewegung und Geschichtlichkeit des absoluten Geistes zu sprechen? Hat der Versöhnungsbegriff Hegels, der am konkretesten innerhalb des philosophischen Gedankens ausgeführt wird, bestimmte Folgen auch für den Begriff der Philosophie selber? Opfert sich die Philosophie einer endlichen Äußerlichkeit oder bedarf sie selbst eines Opfers, um das philosophische System als solches zu vervollständigen? Kann man auch heutzutage die geschichtlich-politischen Ereignisse und die Vergehen des Rechts als tragisch darstellen und betrachten? Vermag es die Politik noch immer (wie in der Moderne, die Rolle des Schicksals in der griechischen Tragödie zu übernehmen? Auf solche Fragen werden hier keine endgültigen Antworten gegeben, es wird vielmehr der Rahmen für weitere Betrachtungen bereitgestellt - innerhalb oder außerhalb der Philosophie Hegels. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179049: Politike društvenog pamćenja i nacionalnog identiteta: regionalni i evropski kontekst

Indications for and comparative diagnostic value of combined ultrasound and X-ray mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novak, D.

1983-01-01

A standardised method of ultrasound mammography is described. In order to achieve the same position, form, and shape of the breast as during roentgen mammography a Lucite plate in horizontal, and vertical position us used. Ultrasound contact scanning of the whole breast is carried out in cranio-caudal as well as in medio-lateral direction of the ultrasound beam. Ultrasound scanning is performed with the compression of the breast corresponding to the compression during roentgen mammography. It was found that the ultrasound breast examination combined with X-ray mammography optimizes the differentiation between benign and malignant masses and therefore may reduce the incidence of breast biopsy. A combined use of both examination modalities in the evaluation of the breast is advocated. (orig.)

Digital breast tomosynthesis; Digitale Tomosynthese der Brust

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haegele, Julian; Barkhausen, Joerg [Universtiaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck (Germany). Klinik fuer Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin; Pursche, Telja [Universtiaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck (Germany). Brustzentrum; Schaefer, Fritz K.W. [Universtiaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (Germany). Bereich Mammadiagnostik und Intervention

2015-09-15

In digital breast tomosynthesis a digital tomographic data set with a very high spatial resolution is reconstructed from low-dose projections collected over a limited rotation angle. This allows a very detailed assessment of e. g. masses and architectural distortions. The average glandular dose is comparable to 2 D mammography. First clinical studies demonstrated that tomosynthesis is able to supply important additional information in suspicious mammographic findings. In comparison to projection mammography, tomosynthesis shows an at least comparable diagnostic accuracy. In everyday practice, tomosynthesis is currently mostly used for further evaluation of suspicious findings in mammography.

Mammography: What You Need to Know

Science.gov (United States)

... While standing in front of the machine, a technologist will position your breast on a small platform. ... mammography or additional 3D imaging methods, such as ultrasound or MRI, are options for you. Ochs adds: “ ...

Quantification of breast arterial calcification using full field digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molloi, Sabee; Xu Tong; Ducote, Justin; Iribarren, Carlos

2008-01-01

Breast arterial calcification is commonly detected on some mammograms. Previous studies indicate that breast arterial calcification is evidence of general atherosclerotic vascular disease and it may be a useful marker of coronary artery disease. It can potentially be a useful tool for assessment of coronary artery disease in women since mammography is widely used as a screening tool for early detection of breast cancer. However, there are currently no available techniques for quantification of calcium mass using mammography. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is possible to quantify breast arterial calcium mass using standard digital mammography. An anthropomorphic breast phantom along with a vessel calcification phantom was imaged using a full field digital mammography system. Densitometry was used to quantify calcium mass. A calcium calibration measurement was performed at each phantom thickness and beam energy. The known (K) and measured (M) calcium mass on 5 and 9 cm thickness phantoms were related by M=0.964K-0.288 mg (r=0.997 and SEE=0.878 mg) and M=1.004K+0.324 mg (r=0.994 and SEE=1.32 mg), respectively. The results indicate that accurate calcium mass measurements can be made without correction for scatter glare as long as careful calcium calibration is made for each breast thickness. The results also indicate that composition variations and differences of approximately 1 cm between calibration phantom and breast thickness introduce only minimal error in calcium measurement. The uncertainty in magnification is expected to cause up to 5% and 15% error in calcium mass for 5 and 9 cm breast thicknesses, respectively. In conclusion, a densitometry technique for quantification of breast arterial calcium mass was validated using standard full field digital mammography. The results demonstrated the feasibility and potential utility of the densitometry technique for accurate quantification of breast arterial calcium mass using standard digital

Quality control for digital mammography: Part II recommendations from the ACRIN DMIST trial

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yaffe, Martin J.; Bloomquist, Aili K.; Mawdsley, Gordon E.

2006-01-01

The Digital Mammography Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST), conducted under the auspices of the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN), is a clinical trial designed to compare the accuracy of digital versus screen-film mammography in a screening population [E. Pisano et al., ACRIN 6652--Digital vs. Screen-Film Mammography, ACRIN (2001)]. Part I of this work described the Quality Control program developed to ensure consistency and optimal operation of the digital equipment. For many of the tests, there were no failures during the 24 months imaging was performed in DMIST. When systems failed, they generally did so suddenly rather than through gradual deterioration of performance. In this part, the utility and effectiveness of those tests are considered. This suggests that after verification of proper operation, routine extensive testing would be of minimal value. A recommended set of tests is presented including additional and improved tests, which we believe meet the intent and spirit of the Mammography Quality Standards Act regulations to ensure that full-field digital mammography systems are functioning correctly, and consistently producing mammograms of excellent image quality

Patient exposure during plain radiography and mammography in Japan in 1974-2014

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsunaga, Yuta; Kawaguchi, Ai; Kobayashi, Kenichi; Kobayashi, Masanao; Asada, Yasuki; Minami, Kazuyuki; Suzuki, Shoichi; Chida, Koichi

2017-01-01

We investigated changes in the entrance skin dose (ESD) and the mean glandular dose (MGD) during plain radiography or mammography in Japan from 1974 to 2014. Surveys regarding the conditions used for plain radiography and mammography were performed throughout Japan in 1974, 1979, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2014. The anatomical regions considered were categorised as follows: skull anteroposterior (AP), lumbar AP, lumbar lateral (LAT), pelvis (AP), ankle, chest posteroanterior (PA), Guthmann (lateral pelviography for pregnant women), infant hip joint and mammography. The doses for all anatomical regions decreased from 1974 to 1993. The MGD for mammography remained low from 1993 to 2014, and the ESDs for chest (PA) radiography trended upward. After the 2000's, the use of digital imaging increased in Japan. This is the first long-term study to examine changes in ESDs and MGDs in Japan. (authors)

TU-EF-207-02: Spectral Mammography Based on Photon Counting Detectors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molloi, S. [University of California (United States)

2015-06-15

Breast imaging technology is advancing on several fronts. In digital mammography, the major technological trend has been on optimization of approaches for performing combined mammography and tomosynthesis using the same system. In parallel, photon-counting slot-scan mammography is now in clinical use and more efforts are directed towards further development of this approach for spectral imaging. Spectral imaging refers to simultaneous acquisition of two or more energy-windowed images. Depending on the detector and associated electronics, there are a number of ways this can be accomplished. Spectral mammography using photon-counting detectors can suppress electronic noise and importantly, it enables decomposition of the image into various material compositions of interest facilitating quantitative imaging. Spectral imaging can be particularly important in intravenously injected contrast mammography and eventually tomosynthesis. The various approaches and applications of spectral mammography are discussed. Digital breast tomosynthesis relies on the mechanical movement of the x-ray tube to acquire a number of projections in a predefined arc, typically from 9 to 25 projections over a scan angle of +/−7.5 to 25 degrees depending on the particular system. The mechanical x-ray tube motion requires relatively long acquisition time, typically between 3.7 to 25 seconds depending on the system. Moreover, mechanical scanning may have an effect on the spatial resolution due to internal x-ray filament or external mechanical vibrations. New x-ray source arrays have been developed and they are aimed at replacing the scanned x-ray tube for improved acquisition time and potentially for higher spatial resolution. The potential advantages and challenges of this approach are described. Combination of digital mammography and tomosynthesis in a single system places increased demands on certain functional aspects of the detector and overall performance, particularly in the tomosynthesis

TU-EF-207-02: Spectral Mammography Based on Photon Counting Detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molloi, S.

2015-01-01

Breast imaging technology is advancing on several fronts. In digital mammography, the major technological trend has been on optimization of approaches for performing combined mammography and tomosynthesis using the same system. In parallel, photon-counting slot-scan mammography is now in clinical use and more efforts are directed towards further development of this approach for spectral imaging. Spectral imaging refers to simultaneous acquisition of two or more energy-windowed images. Depending on the detector and associated electronics, there are a number of ways this can be accomplished. Spectral mammography using photon-counting detectors can suppress electronic noise and importantly, it enables decomposition of the image into various material compositions of interest facilitating quantitative imaging. Spectral imaging can be particularly important in intravenously injected contrast mammography and eventually tomosynthesis. The various approaches and applications of spectral mammography are discussed. Digital breast tomosynthesis relies on the mechanical movement of the x-ray tube to acquire a number of projections in a predefined arc, typically from 9 to 25 projections over a scan angle of +/−7.5 to 25 degrees depending on the particular system. The mechanical x-ray tube motion requires relatively long acquisition time, typically between 3.7 to 25 seconds depending on the system. Moreover, mechanical scanning may have an effect on the spatial resolution due to internal x-ray filament or external mechanical vibrations. New x-ray source arrays have been developed and they are aimed at replacing the scanned x-ray tube for improved acquisition time and potentially for higher spatial resolution. The potential advantages and challenges of this approach are described. Combination of digital mammography and tomosynthesis in a single system places increased demands on certain functional aspects of the detector and overall performance, particularly in the tomosynthesis

Das Smart Meter Gateway - Der kritische Erfolgsfaktor für die Digitalisierung der Energiewende

Science.gov (United States)

Abs, Paul-Vincent

Der kritische Erfolgsfaktor der Digitalisierung in der Energiewirtschaft liegt im bevorstehenden hohen Investitionsvolumen und der Beherrschung der neuen Technik. Ein Weg zur Kostenminimierung liegt im Zusammenschluss der einzelnen Akteure, um gemeinsame Skalenvorteile zu heben. Auch bieten neue Geschäftsmodelle die Möglichkeit, zusätzliche Erlöse zu generieren.

Diagnosis of fibroadenoma and breast cancer: ultrasonography vs. X-ray mammography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, Jong Gi; Im, Jung gi; Choi, Byung Ihn; Kim, Choo Wan [Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1993-12-15

To evaluate the clinical value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fibroadenoma and carcinoma as compared with mammography, we performed a blind retrospective analysis of 85 sonograms and 40 mammograms of 85 breasts that were proved pathologically to have diseases. The lesions included 30 ductal carcinomas, 29 fibroadenomas, 14mammary dysplasias, 2 medullary carcinomas, 1 intraductal papillary carcinoma, and 9 cases of other pathology. The sonograms were reviewed in regards to the border, shape and internal echo pattern of the lesion and the shadows from the margin of the lesion. The mammograms were reviewed in regards to the parenchymal pattern, shape, margin,and calcification of the lesion. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of mammography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fibroadenoma were 77%/92%, 40%/93%, and 100%/92%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of mammography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carcinoma were 85%/85%, 76%/82%, and 91%/86%,respectively. Ultrasonography is more accurate and more sensitive than mammography in the diagnosis offibroadenoma, but not in the diagnosis of carcinoma

Diagnosis of fibroadenoma and breast cancer: ultrasonography vs. X-ray mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, Jong Gi; Im, Jung gi; Choi, Byung Ihn; Kim, Choo Wan

1993-01-01

To evaluate the clinical value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fibroadenoma and carcinoma as compared with mammography, we performed a blind retrospective analysis of 85 sonograms and 40 mammograms of 85 breasts that were proved pathologically to have diseases. The lesions included 30 ductal carcinomas, 29 fibroadenomas, 14mammary dysplasias, 2 medullary carcinomas, 1 intraductal papillary carcinoma, and 9 cases of other pathology. The sonograms were reviewed in regards to the border, shape and internal echo pattern of the lesion and the shadows from the margin of the lesion. The mammograms were reviewed in regards to the parenchymal pattern, shape, margin,and calcification of the lesion. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of mammography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fibroadenoma were 77%/92%, 40%/93%, and 100%/92%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of mammography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carcinoma were 85%/85%, 76%/82%, and 91%/86%,respectively. Ultrasonography is more accurate and more sensitive than mammography in the diagnosis offibroadenoma, but not in the diagnosis of carcinoma

Das Alter ist der wichtigste Risikofaktor der postoperativen erektilen Dysfunktion nach radikaler nerverhaltender Prostatektomie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gruschka M

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Die radikale Prostatektomie ohne Nerverhalt geht mit Impotenz einher. Bei nerverhaltendem Vorgehen kann das Risiko der erektilen Dysfunktion gesenkt, aber nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Die präoperative Beratung der Patienten erfordert bei nerverhaltender Prostatektomie die Kenntnis der Faktoren, die Einfluss auf die postoperative Potenz haben. Patienten & Methoden: 110 Patienten antworteten 24 Monate nach radikaler perinealer nerverhaltender Prostatektomie auf einen per Post übermittelten Fragebogen. Die Patienten wurden, entsprechend dem Erection Hardness Score, nach der Rigidität ihrer Erektionen befragt. Überwiegend erfolgte der Nerverhalt unilateral (104/110. Verschiedene potenzielle Risikofaktoren (Alter, Qualität der präoperativen Erektion, Serum-PSA, Gleason-Score, Tumorvolumen, Prostatavolumen, adjuvante Strahlentherapie, ASA-Score, Chronic Disease Score [CDS], arterielle Hypertonie, Hypercholesterinämie, Diabetes mellitus, KHK, Nikotinkonsum wurden univariat mit der postoperativ erzielten Potenz korreliert. Multivariat wurden dann jene Parameter untersucht, die in der univariaten Analyse einen signifikanten (p ≤ 0,05 oder einen tendenziellen Zusammenhang (p ≤ 0,2 mit der postoperativen erektilen Funktion aufwiesen. Ergebnisse:Das Alter (p 0,001 und der ASAScore (p = 0,018 waren in der univariaten Analyse negative Prädiktoren der postoperativen Potenz. In der multivariaten Analyse war lediglich das Alter (p = 0,028 von signifikanter Bedeutung. Mit jedem Lebensjahr der Männer steigt das Risiko einer um eine Stufe im EHS schlechteren Erektion um das 1,128-Fache an. Bei einem Altersunterschied von 10 Jahren ist das Risiko eines postoperativ schlechteren Erektionsvermögens um den Faktor 3,334 erhöht, bei einem um 20 Jahre höheren Alter beträgt dieser Faktor 11,121. Diskussion & Praxisrelevanz: Das Lebensalter der Patienten wurde im Einklang mit der Literatur als signifikanter Faktor für die postoperative Potenz identifiziert

SCHULDUNFÄHIGE TÄTER IM STRAFRECHT UND IN DER RICHTERLICHEN RECHTSPRECHUNG DER REPUBLIK KROATIEN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dražen Tripalo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In der Arbeit wird die Gesetzesregulative hinsichtlich der Lage schuldunfähiger Täter aus der Perspektive des materiellen Strafrechtes und des Strafprozessrechtes sowie auch aus der Perspektive des Gesetzes über den Schutz von Personen mit seelischen Störungen dargestellt. Ebenfalls wird die Anwendung genannter Gesetzesvorschriften in der Rechtsprechung durch die Analyse von 25 rechtskräftigen Strafurteilen gegenüber schuldunfähigen Personen besprochen. Das Ziel dieser Darstellung und Analyse ist es, sowohl Best-Practice-Beispiele richterlicher Rechtsprechung als auch falsche Urteile und die Abweichungen zwischen ihnen festzustellen, um die Qualität der Urteile zu sichern und die Rechtsprechung anzugleichen. Die Urteile werden hinsichtlich der Anwendung von Gesetzesbegriffen, Vollständigkeit der Rechtsprechung, Begründung der Entscheidungen über Verhandlungen in Abwesenheit des Angeklagten, Form der Ausführung des Angeklagten und der Entscheidungen über Kosten analysiert. Besonderen Wert legt man in der Arbeit der Qualität von Entscheidungen über die Anordnung psychiatrischer Behandlung, weil diese Entscheidungen sehr oft nicht klar auf Gesetzesmerkmale hinweisen und ungenügend begründet sind.

Das migrationspolitische Feld der Schweiz: eine politikwissenschaftliche Analyse der Vernehmlassung zum Arbenzbericht

OpenAIRE

Mahnig, Hans

2007-01-01

Der Bericht, vom Bundesamt für Flüchtlinge (BFF) in Auftrag gegeben, stellt eine politikwissenschaftliche Analyse der Vernehmlassung zum Bericht Arbenz vom Mai 1995 dar, welche parallel zur Auswertung durch das BFF selbst unternommen wurde. Er hat zum Ziel, die zentralen Konflikt- und Konsensfelder in der gegenwärtigen migrationspolitischen Auseinandersetzung der Schweiz herauszuarbeiten. Die wichtigsten Resultate der Analyse sind die folgenden: Die Internationale Flüchtlingspolitik und die A...

Usability-Studie zu KonSearch : Evaluation der neuen Literatursuchmaschine der Universität Konstanz

OpenAIRE

Luca, Helena

2011-01-01

Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt Hintergründe, Methodik und Ergebnisse einer Usability-Evaluation, die im Sommersemester 2011 im Zuge der Einführung der Literatursuchmaschine KonSearch an der Universität Konstanz durchgeführt wurde. Die neue Suchmaschine basiert auf dem Resource Discovery Service Summon der Firma SerialsSolutions. Sie soll den Benutzern der Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz eine effektive, effiziente und zufriedenstellende Suche nach wissenschaftlichen Informationen ermög...

Ultra-Fast Image Reconstruction of Tomosynthesis Mammography Using GPU.

Science.gov (United States)

Arefan, D; Talebpour, A; Ahmadinejhad, N; Kamali Asl, A

2015-06-01

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is a technology that creates three dimensional (3D) images of breast tissue. Tomosynthesis mammography detects lesions that are not detectable with other imaging systems. If image reconstruction time is in the order of seconds, we can use Tomosynthesis systems to perform Tomosynthesis-guided Interventional procedures. This research has been designed to study ultra-fast image reconstruction technique for Tomosynthesis Mammography systems using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). At first, projections of Tomosynthesis mammography have been simulated. In order to produce Tomosynthesis projections, it has been designed a 3D breast phantom from empirical data. It is based on MRI data in its natural form. Then, projections have been created from 3D breast phantom. The image reconstruction algorithm based on FBP was programmed with C++ language in two methods using central processing unit (CPU) card and the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). It calculated the time of image reconstruction in two kinds of programming (using CPU and GPU).

Ultra-Fast Image Reconstruction of Tomosynthesis Mammography Using GPU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arefan D

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT is a technology that creates three dimensional (3D images of breast tissue. Tomosynthesis mammography detects lesions that are not detectable with other imaging systems. If image reconstruction time is in the order of seconds, we can use Tomosynthesis systems to perform Tomosynthesis-guided Interventional procedures. This research has been designed to study ultra-fast image reconstruction technique for Tomosynthesis Mammography systems using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU. At first, projections of Tomosynthesis mammography have been simulated. In order to produce Tomosynthesis projections, it has been designed a 3D breast phantom from empirical data. It is based on MRI data in its natural form. Then, projections have been created from 3D breast phantom. The image reconstruction algorithm based on FBP was programmed with C++ language in two methods using central processing unit (CPU card and the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU. It calculated the time of image reconstruction in two kinds of programming (using CPU and GPU.

The dose and image quality in mammography in Macedonia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gershan, V.

2007-01-01

Complete test of publication follows. Mean Glandular Dose (MGD), dose distribution, phantom and quality of the real mammogram were studied for the first time in Macedonia. The study was conducted to review the condition of mammography equipment, to access the dose and image quality in mammography practices in Macedonia.. The purpose was to find out the weak points in the mammography practices in order to suggest improvements in the practices and establish quality control procedures. Under evaluation were 12 monographic machines. MGD was estimated using Entrance Surface Air KERMA at the breast surface K f measured free in air and appropriate conversion factors. Dose survey was curried by measurement and calculated of the HVLs and radiation output for 25-32 kVp and keeping record of the clinical parameters (breast thickness, kVp, mAs). Image quality was evaluated using the Mammographic Accreditation Phantom Gammex 156, PMMA plates and test tool for film processing.

Contrast Enhanced Spectral Mammography: A Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Patel, Bhavika K; Lobbes, M B I; Lewin, John

2018-02-01

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) provides low-energy 2D mammographic images comparable to standard digital mammography and a post-contrast recombined image to assess tumor neovascularity similar to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The utilization of CESM in the United States is currently low but could increase rapidly given many potential indications for clinical use. This article discusses historical background and literature review of indications and diagnostic accuracy of CESM to date. CESM is a growing technique for breast cancer detection and diagnosis that has levels of sensitivity and specificity on par with contrast-enhanced breast MRI. Because of its similar performance and ease of implementation, CESM is being adopted for multiple indications previously reserved for MRI, such as problem-solving, disease extent in newly diagnosed patients, and evaluating the treatment response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Auf dem Wege zu neuzeitlicher Toleranz und Gewissensfreiheit : Randbemerkungen zu Frage der (Nicht)tolerierung der Täufer in der Reformationszeit / Andres Saumets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saumets, Andres

2003-01-01

Ettekanne sümpoosionilt: Gemeinsames Symposium der Evangelisch-Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Tartu, der Estnischen Studiengesellschaft für Morgenlandkunde und der Deutschen Religionsgeschichtlichen Studiengesellschaft. Tartu, 2001

Der Vertragsarzt als Schlüsselfigur der Leistungsversorgung

OpenAIRE

Gassner, Ulrich M. (Prof.)

2010-01-01

Der Vertragsarzt als Schlüsselfigur der Leistungsversorgung. - In: Tıpta işbirliği ve hukuksal sorunlar = Delegation und Kooperation im Gesundheitswesen / ed.: Hakan Hakeri ... - Samsun : Adalet, 2010. - S. 209-222

Optimierung der Gesichtsklassifikation bei der Erkennung von Akromegalie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frohner R

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In vorausgegangenen Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Gesichtsklassifikation mittels Gesichtsphotographien zur Diagnostik von Akromegalie mit guten Ergebnissen eingesetzt werden kann. In diesem Artikel werden die grundlegende Vorgehensweise der Klassifikation mittels der Software FIDA erläutert sowie Optimierungsansätze mit dem Ziel diskutiert, diese Methode näher an den klinischen Einsatz zu bringen. Die Gesichtsklassifikation basiert auf „Knotenpunkten“, die verteilt über die jeweilige Frontal- und/oder Seitenansicht des Gesichts platziert werden und den so genannten „Graphen“ bilden. Mittels mathematischer Verfahren erfolgt eine Analyse der zugrunde liegenden Textur des Bildes sowie die Auswertung geometrischer Informationen. Untersucht wird, wie sich die Reduktion von als irrelevant eingestuften Knoten auf das Klassifikationsergebnis auswirkt. Ebenso wird untersucht, wie sich neu definierte Knoten, die die typischen morphologischen Veränderungen der akromegalen Erkrankung im Gesicht berücksichtigen, auf die Klassifizierungsergebnisse auswirken. Die interne Validierung erfolgt an einem Datenset bestehend aus 57 an Akromegalie erkrankten Probanden (29 weiblich, 28 männlich sowie 59 Kontrollen (29 weiblich, 30 männlich. Die externe Validierung wird an einer weiteren Stichprobe gemessen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Präsentation auf der Tagung der European Neuroendocrine Association 2012 in Wien 13 akromegale Patienten (7 weiblich, 6 männlich sowie 45 Kontrollen (25 weiblich, 20 männlich umfasste. Die Datenbank wird ständig durch neue Probanden aus verschiedenen Quellen erweitert. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Verwendung von Graphen mit reduzierten Knoten und von neuen Sets von Knoten unter Einbeziehung typischer morphologischer Veränderungen des Gesichts die Klassifizierung weiter verbessert. Diese Ergebnisse ermutigen zu weiteren Untersuchungen an einer erweiterten Datenbank.

Verein der Kohlenimporteure. Annual report 2002; Verein der Kohlenimporteure. Jahresbericht 2002

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Energy economy developments of the world, the European Union and the Federal Republic of Germany are gone into. The main aspects discussed are the coal market and trade which depends on political decisions and concepts, but also on the availability of other primary energy sources such as oil and nuclear power. The situation of the various countries in the field of coal is illustrated by so-called country reports. [German] Es wird auf die energiewirtschaftliche Entwicklung sowohl der Welt als auch der Europaeischen Union und speziell der Bundesrepublik Deutschland eingegangen. Im Vordergrund steht dabei der Kohlenmarkt und -handel, der von politischen Erscheinungen und Konzepten abhaengig ist, aber auch von der Entwicklung anderer Primaerenergien wie Oel und Kernkraft. In den sogenannten Laenderberichten wird die kohlewirtschaftliche Diskussion einzelner Laender behandelt.

Diagnostic accuracy of dual energy CT angiography in patients with diabetes mellitus; Diagnostische Genauigkeit der Dual-energy-CT-Angiographie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schabel, C.; Bongers, M.N.; Syha, R. [Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet, Abteilung fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Tuebingen (Germany); Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet, Sektion fuer Experimentelle Radiologie der Abteilung fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Tuebingen (Germany); Ketelsen, D.; Homann, G.; Notohamiprodjo, M.; Nikolaou, K.; Bamberg, F. [Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet, Abteilung fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Tuebingen (Germany); Thomas, C. [Universitaetsklinikum Duesseldorf, Abteilung fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Duesseldorf (Germany)

2015-04-01

Herausforderung dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Ermittlung der diagnostischen Genauigkeit der Dual-energy-CT-Angiographie (DE-CTA) im Vergleich zum Goldstandard, der invasiven digitalen Subtraktionsangiographie (DSA) bei der Stenoseerkennung, da die DE-CTA potenziell eine Differenzierung von Verkalkungen und jodhaltigem Kontrastmittel ermoeglicht. Dreissig Patienten mit dem Verdacht auf das Vorliegen oder bekannter PAVK und zusaetzlich bestehendem Diabetes mellitus wurden retrospektiv in die Studie eingeschlossen. Bei allen Teilnehmern wurde eine DE-CTA (Somatom Definition Flash, Siemens Healthcare, Germany), gefolgt von einer invasiven Angiographie durchgefuehrt. Das Vorhandensein von Stenosen in gekruemmten multiplanaren Reformationen (MPR) und Projektionen maximaler Intensitaet (MIP) wurde verblindet evaluiert. Die diagnostische Genauigkeit wurde mit der Angiographie als Goldstandard errechnet. Bei den 30 in die Analyse eingeschlossenen diabetischen Patienten (83 % maennlich, 70,0 ± 10,5 Jahre alt, 83 % Diabetes mellitus Typ 2) war die Praevalenz behandlungsbeduerftiger Stenosen in 331 evaluierten Gefaesssegmenten hoch (30 %). Die DE-CTA detektierte kritische Stenosen mit einer hohen Sensitivitaet und guten Spezifitaet anhand gekruemmter MPR (100 und 93,1 %) und MIP (99 und 91,8 %). In einer Subanalyse war die diagnostische Genauigkeit am hoechsten fuer Stenosen im Bereich der Beckenstrombahn (gekruemmte MPR 97,1 % vs. MIP 100 %) und im Oberschenkelbereich (99,2 vs. 96,6 %) verglichen mit dem Unterschenkelkompartiment (90,9 vs. 88 %). Die DE-CTA weist eine hohe diagnostische Genauigkeit bei der Stenosenerkennung und -charakterisierung im Rahmen der PAVK bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus auf, hat jedoch eine eingeschraenkte Genauigkeit im Bereich des Unterschenkelkompartiments. (orig.)

Der soziale Tod

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kuljić Todor

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Der folgende Text gehört zur kritischen Thanatologie. In allen bekannten Kulturen wurden Normen für den guten und den schlechten Tod von der herrschenden normativen Thanatologien aufgestellt und Kontrollmechanismen installiert. Prämortales und postmortales soziales Sterben ist eine Art der Exklusion der Anderen und wird unter­schiedlich bestimmt: als damnatio memoriae, atlantische Sklaventum, Randständigkeit, Isolation oder als Rollenverlust. Das soziale Tod hat einen Klassenaspekt, als den ganzen Klassen Gedächtnis entnommen wurde. Hier werden nur einige Arten und Beispilen des sozialen Mord kritisch erörtert: damnatio memoriae, politische Mord und Sklaventum. Es handelt sich um die institutionelle Verarbeitung und Kodierung von Sterben und Tod durch Staat, Religion und Politik. In der Geschichte sind verschieden Völkern und Klasssen einem intensiveren sozialen Sterbeprozess und der sozialen Tötung unterworfen. Mit Identitätszerstörung der Beherrschten ist das soziale mit dem physischen Sterben harmonischer zu verbinden. Es ist auch auf die Differenz zwischen sozialen und politischen Tötung hingewiesen. Am Ende sind einige Aspekte der heutigen geheimen Tötung erwähnt. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 149005: Društveni akteri i društvene promene u Srbiji 1990-2010

Verantwortlicher Umgang mit Antibiotika: Notwendigkeit der Antibiotikareduktion in der Aknetherapie.

Science.gov (United States)

Gollnick, Harald P M; Buer, Jan; Beissert, Stefan; Sunderkätter, Cord

2016-12-01

Der übermäßige oder unkritische weltweite Einsatz von Antibiotika in der Medizin hat die Ausbreitung von Antibiotikaresistenzen beschleunigt. In einigen Bereichen sind viele Antibiotika bei bakteriellen Infektionen, die zuvor noch gut auf antibakterielle Wirkstoffe reagierten, mittlerweile wirkungslos geworden. Dermatologen/Venerologen setzten orale und topische Antibiotika bei der Behandlung von Acne vulgaris routinemäßig ein, obwohl Akne weder eine infektiöse Erkrankung ist noch alleine durch das Propionibacterium getriggert wird. Vielmehr ist sie eine komplexe, chronische entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die durch verschiedene pathogenetische Faktoren wie follikuläre Hyperkeratose, erhöhter Sebumproduktion, bakterielle Proliferation und Entzündung zustande kommt. Folglich sollte eine erfolgreiche Therapie auf die Bekämpfung verschiedener pathogenetischer Faktoren und nicht nur auf die von Propionibacterium acnes abzielen. Daher wurden topische Retinoide und Benzoylperoxid als Mittel der ersten Wahl definiert. Monotherapien mit lokalen Antibiotika sollten insgesamt vermieden werden. Systemische Antibiotika der Tetrazyklin-Gruppe haben bei bestimmen Krankheitsstadien ihren Sinn, ihre Wirkung könnte aber eher auf der antientzündlichen als auf der antibiotischen Reaktion beruhen. Gesundheitsbehörden ermahnen alle Gesundheitsdienstleister, den Einsatz von Antibiotika einzuschränken. Das Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis muss bei der Entscheidung für oder gegen eine antibiotische Therapie bei einem einzelnen Patienten immer auch in Bezug auf das öffentliche Interesse am Erhalt der Wirksamkeit von Antibiotika abgewogen werden. Im Folgenden werden das aktuelle Krankheitskonzept zu Acne vulgaris und die sich daraus ableitenden Konsequenzen für den Einsatz von Antibiotika vorgestellt. © 2016 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Dynamik, Schadstoffbelastung und Ökotoxizität der Sedimente in der Rummelsburger Bucht – Berliner Spree

OpenAIRE

Bölscher, Jens; Dumm, Michaela; Suthfeldt, René; Vogt, Benjamin; Bölscher, Judith; Terytze, Konstantin; Schulte, Achim

2017-01-01

Der vorliegende Bericht behandelt die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes RUBUS, welches im Zeitraum November 2013 bis November 2015 von der Freien Universität Berlin durchgeführt wurde. Gegenstand des Projektes ist die Untersuchung der aktuellen Belastungssituation und der Dynamik der Sedimente in der Rummelsburger Bucht als Teil der urbanen Spree in Berlin. Das Projekt hat die Klärung der räumlichen Verteilung, Quantifizierung und Bewertung der Schadstoffbelastung in den Sedimenten der Ru...

Zu entwicklungstendenzen im satzbau der Deutschen sprache der gegenwart unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der ausrahmung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jasna Makovec

1983-01-01

Full Text Available Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde durch das Bestreben motiviert, weitere Ergänzungen zum Phänornen "Ausrahrnung in der modernen deutschen Schriftsprache der Gegenwart" zu leisten. Der Ausgangspunkt dieses "fakultativ" geregelten Bereiches ist die Annahme bzw. die Arbeitshypothese, daß sich linguistische und außerlinguistische Faktoren einander zuordnen lassen. Das bedeutet, daß die Linearität innerhalb des Kornrnunikationspro­ zesses auch einige wichtige kommunikative Funktionen auszuüben hat, und daß die kontextuellen Modifikationen der Stellungsva­ rianten bei gleichern Denotatsbezug unter diesern Blickwinkel untersucht werden müssen, und nicht gleich als stilistische Varianten qualifiziert werden.

Verbesserung der Symmetrie von Hirnaufnahmen entlang der Sagittalebene

Science.gov (United States)

Ens, Konstantin; Wenzel, Fabian; Fischer, Bernd

Die lokale Symmetrie von Hirnscans entlang der Sagittalebene zu ermitteln und zu modizifieren, ist für eine Reihe neurologischer Anwendungen interessant. Beispielsweise kann der voxelweise Vergleich von rechter und linker Hirnhälfte nur dann Aufschluss über die Lokalisierung von Läsionen geben, wenn durch Transformation ein Hirnscan eine möglichst hohe Symmetrie aufweist. Ein weiteres Anwendungsgebiet ist die Visualisierung von medialen Hirnschnitten, für die die Trennfläche beider Hirnhälfte möglichst eben sein sollte. Diese Arbeit stellt die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens vor, mit dessen Hilfe die Symmetrie von Hirnaufnahmen entlang der Sagittalebene verbessert werden kann. Dies geschieht unter Verwendung von aktiven Konturen, die mit Hilfe einer neuartigen Kostenfunktion gesteuert werden. Experimente am Ende der Arbeit mit strukturellen Kernspinaufnahmen demonstrieren die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens.

Der Heilige Geist und die Realisierung des Glaubens in der ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

29. Juli 2016 ... der Sprache bis hin zu den kulturellen und religiösen. Zeichensystemen, muss von dem Einzelnen empfangen und angeeignet werden. Kommunikation, auch die religiöse, verwirklicht sich ausschließlich in der Spannung von geschichtlicher Abhängigkeit und Transformation der überlieferten Gehalte im ...

Das Heideggersche Programm einer Urwissenschaft und die Ansätze der Überwindung der „Sachferne“ der Bewusstseinsphänomenologie von Edmund Husserl

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Radinković Željko

2012-01-01

Full Text Available (nemački Heideggersche erste Bewegungen in Richtung auf die Funda­mentalontologie lassen sich in seinen Vorlesungen der frühen 20er Jahren beobachten. Heidegger versucht darin, sich von dem Logizismus der Husserlschen Bewusstseinsphilosophie zu emanzipieren, indem er ein Konzept der Urwissenschaft entwirft. Die Urwis­senschaft soll bei der vortheoretischen Erfahrung, d. h. bei den vorreflexiven Erlebnissen ansetzen. Sie hat der entlebenden Tendenz der theoretischen Einstellung zum Erlebnis­strom entgegenzuwirken und somit die Voraussetzungen dafür zu schaffen, eine Viel­falt der lebendigen Erfahrungsweisen zum ausdrücklichen Verstehen zu bringen. Somit knüpft die Urwissenschaft an das Programm der Phänomenologie von Edmund Husserl, modifiziert es aber entscheidend, indem es aus der Sphäre des Bewusstseins in jene des lebendigen Erlebnisstroms verlegt.

Medienpädagogik und die Digitale Gesellschaft im Spannungsfeld von Regulierung und Teilhabe

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Stefan Iske

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Vor 25 Jahren stellte Tim Berners-Lee sein Konzept eines World Wide Web (WWW vor und legte damit einen der bedeutendsten Grundsteine der digitalen Vernetzung. Was ursprünglich zum Austausch von Informationen und Daten unter Forschenden entworfen wurde, hat sich zu einem umfassenden Kultur- und Bildungsraum entwickelt und ist ein universaler und zentraler Dienst des Internet geworden. Dieser gegenwärtige Status des Internet und des World Wide Web ist der vorläufige Zwischenstand einer historischen Entwicklung, der sowohl Transformationen und Veränderungen als auch Konstanten zugrunde liegen. Nicht erst zum diesjährigen Geburtstag des World Wide Web wird deutlich, dass durch digitale und vernetzte Technologien zentrale Kategorien wie Bildung, Erziehung und Sozialisation berührt werden. Beispielhaft kann auf die aktuellen Debatten über Regulierungsmechanismen im Internet wie auch auf die Enthüllungen Edward Snowdens hingewiesen werden. Aus dem Vorangehenden lassen sich medienpädagogische Fragestellungen ableiten, die zum Beispiel die Handlungsautonomie von Subjekten sowie Möglichkeitsräume der Mitgestaltung von und Teilhabe an Gesellschaft (Winter 2012, Swertz 2014 thematisieren. Zudem sind es Fragen der Mediensozialisation und der Konstruktion von Identität in digital vernetzten Räumen (Jörissen/Marotzki 2008, die sowohl bei der Theoriebildung als auch im Rahmen medienpädagogischer Praxis eine hohe Relevanz besitzen.

2-D or 3-D Mammography?: The Future of Breast Cancer Detection | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

Science.gov (United States)

... Future of Breast Cancer Detection Follow us 2-D or 3-D Mammography?: The Future of Breast Cancer Detection NIH- ... will test two types of imaging tools—2-D and 3-D mammography. 2-D mammography takes ...

IFRS 8 OPERATING SEGMENTS: Eine Untersuchung der erstmaligen Anwendung in der Schweiz

OpenAIRE

Meyer, C; Weiss, S

2010-01-01

Seit dem 1. Januar 2009 sind kotierte IFRS-Anwender verpflichtet, eine Segmentberichterstattung nach IFRS 8 zu erstellen. Anhand einer Analyse der Geschäftsberichte 2009 der an der SIX Swiss Exchange kotierten Unternehmen soll ein Überblick über die erstmalige Anwendung von IFRS 8 "Operating Segments" in der Schweiz gewonnen werden.

Hat das humane Wachtumshormon (hGH eine Relevanz in der Kontrolle der penilen Erektion?

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Ückert St

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Allgemeines: Schon seit langem wird die Frage einer Beteiligung des Hypophysenhormons Human Growth Hormone (Wachstumshormon, hGH, GH an der Kontrolle der sexuellen Maturation und der Reproduktionsfunktion des Menschen diskutiert. Die Symptome eines GH-Defizits beim Mann sind u. a. allgemeine Antriebslosigkeit, Oligo- oder Azoospermie, eine Verminderung der Libido sowie eine Beeinträchtigung der normalen Erektionsfähigkeit. Es wird vermutet, daß die biologischen Effekte des GH eine durch das Somatomedin Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1 vermittelte Stimulation der Produktion von Stickoxid (NO durch die endotheliale und neuronale Form des Enzyms NO-Synthase einschließen. So konnte gezeigt werden, daß physiologische Konzentrationen von GH den adrenergen Tonus isolierter Streifenpräparate humaner Schwellkörpermuskulatur antagonisieren und den Gewebegehalt des Second Messengers cGMP erhöhen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie haben wir in einem Kollektiv gesunder Männer und in einer Gruppe von Patienten mit erektiler Dysfunktion (ED die systemischen und cavernösen Serumkonzentrationen von GH während verschiedener peniler Funktionszustände, d. h. verschiedener Stadien der sexuellen Erregung, untersucht. Methoden: 35 gesunden männlichen Probanden und 45 Patienten mit einer ED organogener oder psychogener Genese wurden während der penilen Flakzidität, Tumeszenz, Rigidität - dieses Stadium wurde nur von den Gesunden erreicht - und Detumeszenz zeitgleich Blutproben aus einer Cubitalvene und dem Corpus cavernosum penis entnommen. Tumeszenz und Rigidität wurden durch visuelle und taktile Stimulation ausgelöst. Die Quantifizierung von GH in Aliquots der Serumfraktionen erfolgte mit immunradiometrischen Methoden (IRMA. Ergebnisse: In der Gruppe der gesunden Männer stieg die mittlere systemische und cavernöse Serumkonzentration von GH während der Tumeszenz an, während in den Phasen der Rigidität und Detumeszenz eine Abnahme registriert wurde

Effizienz der Rebiopsie der Prostata: Untersuchungen von Transitionalzonen- und lateralen Biopsien

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Fink KG

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Zweck dieser Untersuchung war es, die Effizienz von Transitionalzonenbiopsien und von Biopsien der lateralen Anteile der Prostata zur Karzinomentdeckung zu untersuchen, nachdem eine vorangegangene Biopsie keinen Tumor finden konnte. Methodik: Wir untersuchten 74 Präparate nach radikaler Prostatektomie und unterzogen diese einer sonographisch gezielten Prostatabiopsie ex vivo. Zuerst erfolgte eine Sextantenbiopsie, dann zwei unterschiedliche Rebiopsien. Rebiopsie-Technik A bestand aus einer lateral plazierten Sextantenbiopsie und zwei Stanzen aus den Transitionalzonen je Seite. Rebiopsie-Technik B bestand aus einer Sextantenbiopsie und zwei Stanzen je Seite aus den lateralen Arealen der Prostata. Ergebnisse: Mit der initialen Sextantenbiopsie konnten 39 Karzinome gefunden werden (53 %. Von den verbliebenen Karzinomen konnten mit der Rebiopsie-Technik A 12 Karzinome gefunden werden. In dieser Gruppe fand eine lateral durchgeführte Sextantenbiopsie 12 Karzinome. Die Transitionalzonenbiopsien waren in 5 Fällen positiv, jedoch konnte kein zusätzlicher Tumor entdeckt werden. Mit der Rebiopsie-Technik B wurden 23 Karzinome gefunden. 14 Tumore enthielten die Stanzen der Sextantenbiopsie. Zusätzliche 9 Tumore waren in den Stanzen aus den lateralen Arealen der Prostata enthalten. Schlußfolgerungen: Eine Standard-Sextantenbiopsie hat eine niedrige Sensitivität von nur 53 %. Eine Biopsie, welche die Transitionalzonen inkludiert, ist nicht geeignet, die verbliebenen Karzinome zu finden. In dieser Studie zeigte die Wiederholung einer Sextantenbiopsie mit zusätzlichen Stanzen aus den lateralen Arealen das beste Ergebnis bei der Rebiopsie.

Breast mass detection in mammography and tomosynthesis via fully convolutional network-based heatmap regression

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jun; Cain, Elizabeth Hope; Saha, Ashirbani; Zhu, Zhe; Mazurowski, Maciej A.

2018-02-01

Breast mass detection in mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an essential step in computerized breast cancer analysis. Deep learning-based methods incorporate feature extraction and model learning into a unified framework and have achieved impressive performance in various medical applications (e.g., disease diagnosis, tumor detection, and landmark detection). However, these methods require large-scale accurately annotated data. Unfortunately, it is challenging to get precise annotations of breast masses. To address this issue, we propose a fully convolutional network (FCN) based heatmap regression method for breast mass detection, using only weakly annotated mass regions in mammography images. Specifically, we first generate heat maps of masses based on human-annotated rough regions for breast masses. We then develop an FCN model for end-to-end heatmap regression with an F-score loss function, where the mammography images are regarded as the input and heatmaps for breast masses are used as the output. Finally, the probability map of mass locations can be estimated with the trained model. Experimental results on a mammography dataset with 439 subjects demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Furthermore, we evaluate whether we can use mammography data to improve detection models for DBT, since mammography shares similar structure with tomosynthesis. We propose a transfer learning strategy by fine-tuning the learned FCN model from mammography images. We test this approach on a small tomosynthesis dataset with only 40 subjects, and we show an improvement in the detection performance as compared to training the model from scratch.

A method for calculating effective lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancer from screening mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, R.M.; England, A.; McEntee, M.F.; Hogg, P.

2015-01-01

Purpose: To propose a method for evaluating the effective lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancer from screening mammography and to present initial data for the UK National Breast Screening Programme. Material and methods: The imaging was undertaken using a Hologic Selenia full field digital mammographic unit. The proposed method utilises an ATOM phantom containing thermoluminescent dosimeters and a perspex-polyethylene breast phantom to measure organ doses during a standard four view screening mammogram. Effective dose was calculated and effective risk was modelled for a range of client ages. The total lifetime effective risk was then calculated for the UK national screening programme. Calculation of effective risk includes the radiation dose to examined and contralateral breasts in addition to other body organs; this is an advantage over the mean glandular dose. Results: The contralateral breast, thyroid, thymus, brain, lung, salivary glands, and bone marrow all receive more than 1 μGy radiation dose during screening mammography. A major difference exists for total effective lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancer between clients with average and high breast cancer risk. Differences are attributed to the commencement age of screening and time interval between screens. Conclusion: This study proposes a method to evaluate effective lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancer from screening mammography in order to compare different mammography screening programmes. - Highlights: • We proposed a method for the calculation of radiation-induced cancer from screening mammography. • We measured the radiation absorbed dose of different organs during screening mammography. • There are major differences between mammography screening programme categories with regard to radiation effective risk.

A phantom for quality control in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gambaccini, M.; Rimondi, O.; Marziani, M.; Toti, A.

1989-01-01

A phantom for evaluating image quality in mammography has been designed and will be used in the Italian national programme ''Dose and Quality in Mammography''. The characteristics of the phantom are (a) about the same X-ray transmission as a 5 cm 50% fat and 50% water breast for energies between 15 and 50 keV and (b) optimum energies for imaging of the test objects (included in the phantom) in very close agreement with the optimum energies for imaging of calcifications and tumours in a 5 cm 50% fat and 50% water breast. An experimental comparison between the prototype and some commercial phantoms was carried out. Measurements are in progress to test the phantom's ability to evaluate the performances of mammographic systems quantitatively. (author)

Synthesized Mammography: Clinical Evidence, Appearance, and Implementation.

Science.gov (United States)

Durand, Melissa A

2018-04-04

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has improved conventional mammography by increasing cancer detection while reducing recall rates. However, these benefits come at the cost of increased radiation dose. Synthesized mammography (s2D) has been developed to provide the advantages of DBT with nearly half the radiation dose. Since its F.D.A. approval, multiple studies have evaluated the clinical performance of s2D. In clinical practice, s2D images are not identical to conventional 2D images and are designed for interpretation with DBT as a complement. This article reviews the present literature to assess whether s2D is a practical alternative to conventional 2D, addresses the differences in mammographic appearance of findings, and provides suggestions for implementation into clinical practice.

Der Begriff der Verständlichkeit in der modernen Physik (1948).

Science.gov (United States)

Feyerabend, Paul K

2016-06-01

This is a critical transcription of Paul Feyerabend's earliest extant essay "Der Begriff der Verständlichkeit in der modernen Physik" (1948) recovered from the European Forum Alpbach archives. In it, Feyerabend defends positivism as a progressive framework for scientific research in certain stages of scientific development. He argues that in physics visualizability (Anschaulichkeit) and intelligibility (Verständlichkeit) are time-conditioned concepts: what is deemed visualizable in the development of physical theories is relative to a specific historical context and changes over time. He concludes that from time to time the abandonment of visualizability is crucial for progress in physics, as it is conducive to major theory change, illustrating the point on the basis of advances in atomic theory. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Problembasiertes kollaboratives Lernen mit virtuellen Patienten in der Kinderheilkunde: ein Beispiel aus der Ausbildungspraxis

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Sostmann, Kai

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Der studentische Unterricht in der Kinderheilkunde an der Charité hat seit 1999 mehrere Umstrukturierungen durchlaufen. Mit der Einführung der neuen ärztlichen Approbationsordnung 2004 im Regelstudiengang (RSG und dem Modellcurriculum Reformstudiengang Medizin (RSM 1999 müssen zwei Curricula parallel neu konzipiert und gepflegt werden. Durch den Schwerpunkt Unterricht am Krankenbett (UaK im RSG ergaben sich neue didaktische, pädagogische und infrastrukturelle Anforderungen. Die technische und inhaltliche Weiterentwicklung der Einsatzmöglichkeiten elektronischer Lernszenarien durch e-Learning im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Projektes ELWIS-MED, ermöglichte die Erprobung der curricularen Implementierung von e-Learning-Modulen im Pflichtunterricht. Der UaK wurde durch die Bearbeitung kinderheilkundlicher elektronischer Lernfälle online ergänzt. Die Studierenden sollten tutoriell betreute Diskussionen zu fachlichen Aufgabenstellungen online führen. In der ersten Erprobungsstufe wurde der Einsatz der Diskussionsforen in Verbindung mit den Lernfällen von den Studierenden und Lehrenden als sinnvolle Ergänzung betrachtet. In zukünftigen Einsatzszenarien sollte eine Messung des studentischen Lernerfolgs mit dieser Methode erfolgen.

An evaluation of musculoskeletal discomfort experience by radiographers performing mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gale, A.G.; May, J.

1997-01-01

The aim of this study was to establish whether breast screening radiographers experience any problems of musculoskeletal discomfort, and if so the nature and extent of these problems. The study was then further extended to investigate and determine possible occupational, causal or contributory factors, and to suggest recommendations to help alleviate any discomfort. To investigate this problem five main approaches were undertaken. These consisted of; a national survey, an observational study, the comparison of the physical measurements of the mammography units with anthropometric data, a detailed task analysis, and a body mapping study. The national survey set out to determine if the nature and frequency of such problems were higher in mammography than in other areas of radiography or in the general population. Additionally, comparisons were made with non-radiographic staff working at the same breast screening centres. Video recordings of radiographers performing breast screening were also made and posture analysis performed on these data. A detailed task analysis was conducted to identify interaction points and possible problems between the radiographer and the equipment which she is required to use. Physical measurements of the mammography units were made and compared with anthropometric measurements and guidelines. The body mapping study measured the build up of discomfort throughout the working day on several different mammography units. The results from the survey questionnaire indicated that some breast screening radiographers do experience musculoskeletal problems, and that these are different in nature and prevalence from the musculoskeletal discomfort reported by the two control groups. The prevalence of back pain reported by radiographers undertaking mammography was higher than that present in the normal population. No comparison could be made with other body areas as data regarding other types of musculoskeletal discomfort in the general population are

Implantate in der Augenheilkunde

Science.gov (United States)

Dresp, Joachim H.

Im Bereich der Augenheilkunde findet sich die weltweit am häufigsten ausgeführte chirurgische Massnahme, die operative Behandlung des Grauen Stars: die Katarakt. Bei der Katarakt handelt es sich um eine Eintrübung der natürlichen Augenlinse, die sich je nach Stadium der Erkrankung leicht opak, über milchig bis zu bräunlich präsentiert. Mit dieser Zunahme der Undurchlässigkeit für das sichtbare Licht geht eine Abnahme des Sehvermögens einher, die bis zur totalen Erblindung führen kann. Bedingt durch die sehr eingeschränkten chirurgischen Möglichkeiten in den Ländern der Dritten Welt ist die Katarakt die Erblindungsursache Nummer 1 in der Welt. Ganz im Gegensatz hierzu ist in den industrialisierten Ländern Europas, Amerikas und Asiens die Katarakt-OP die sicherste chirurgische Intervention. In der Augenheilkunde werden Implantate aller drei Aggregatszustände verwendet.

Specialized software for optimization of the quality control of the mammography units

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stoeva, M.; Vassileva, J.

2004-01-01

Quality control is essential to ensure the equipment used is reliable and consistent in order to maintain radiation does as low as reasonably achievable whilst optimizing image quality and performance in mammography. The effectiveness of mammographic screening is highly dependent on the consistent production of high quality diagnostic images. Mammography is highly dependent on the equipment status, which requires an effective Quality Control (QC) program to provide tools for continuous assessment of the equipment performance and also data storage and analysis of the protocols' data. The objective of this paper is to present the specialized software for Quality Control of the Mammography Units, as tool providing additional functionality for optimizations of the Mammography QC data storage and management. The PC program was developed according to the requirements stated in the European protocol for Quality Control of the Mammography Screening and the data collected as a result of its application in several Bulgarian hospitals. The Structured Analysis method was used in order to perform a case, which resulted in the development of the specialized software with a database module, providing the following functionality: Data Storage, Preliminary Data Processing and Post-Processing, Manual Data Entry, Data Import from XLS format, Data Export to XLS format, Printing, Data Filters, Automated Calculation, Automated Graphical Representation, Archiving The development of specialized QC software with a database for mammography units facilitates the process of QC data storage and handling and minimizes the errors. The electronic format for data storage is especially useful in case of long-term storage and periodical data analysis/access. The integrated data processing functionality and the automated import/export features based on standard platform increase the compatibility of the data. (authors)

Vorkommen und Soziologie der Cuscuta-Arten in der Ufervegetation des Niederrheins

OpenAIRE

Schmitz, Ulf; Lösch, Rainer

2016-01-01

Um den Stand der gegenwärtigen Verbreitung der drei in der Ufervegetation des Niederrheins vorkommenden Cuscuta-Arten C. lupuliformis KROCKER, C. europaea L. und C. gronovii WILLD. festzustellen, wurde eine Kartierung beider Rheinufer zwischen Monheim-Baumberg (Kr. Mettmann) und der niederländischen Grenze durchgeführt. Cuscuta europaea und Cuscuta lupuliformis sind im gesamten Rheinverlauf häufig zu finden, wobei letztere Art die Prallufer des Rheins bevorzugt. Die seltenere Art Cuscuta gron...

Indicators of image quality and doses in mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaona, E.; Franco E, J.G.; Azorin N, J.; Diaz G, J.A.I.; Arreola, M.

2007-01-01

Full text: The purpose of the study was to determine the values of the image quality indicators and their relationship with the dose in mammography of screen-film that they allowed the detection of a bigger number of objects in the images obtained with the mannequin (phantom) authorized of the ACR/FDA. The study was carried out in four mammography services in a period of 12 months. The indicators of the image quality are the half optic density (DOM), contrast (differences of densities), the number of observed objects in the images and the dose for image. The minimum acceptable values by the ACR/FDA are a half optical density of 1.4, contrast of 0.4 and the one numbers minimum of objects observed in the image of the mannequin of mammography of 10 (4 fibers, 3 groups of calcifications and 3 masses), with a maximum dose by image of 3 mGy. The found results are half optical density of 1.9, contrast of 0.56 and the average number of objects observed in the images of 12, with a dose in the interval of 1.6 mGy to 2.4 mGy. The doses were measured by thermoluminescent dosimetry and ionization chamber. Once carried out the analysis of the tendencies of the indicators of image quality and their distributions is found that for a p < 0.05, the bigger number of objects observed in the images is in the interval from 1.8 to 1.9 of DOM. When comparing both mammography system, the system screen-film has a lower variability in the distribution of objects associated to a DOM. (Author)

Combined assessment (aspiration cytology and mammography) of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Combined assessment (aspiration cytology and mammography) of clinically suspicious breast masses. W.F. van Wyk, D Dent, E Anne Hacking, Genevieve Learmonth, R.E. Kottler, C Anne Gudgeon, A Tiltman ...

Die Sprache der Mode - Eine linguistische Betrachtung lexikalischer und stilistischer Besonderheiten in der Sprache der Modewelt

OpenAIRE

Suchert, Anne

2015-01-01

Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Eigentümlichkeit der geschriebenen Modesprache. Da die Modesprache offensichtliche sprachliche Auffälligkeiten sowie einen überaus kreativen und erfrischend humorvollen Umgang mit Sprache aufweist, sollte sie unter wissenschaftlichen Aspekten betrachtet werden. Mode ist eine Institution mit der sich die Soziologie seit jeher ausführlich beschäftigt. Somit stellt sie auch einen interessanten Untersuchungsgegenstand für die Soziolinguisti...

Introduction of organised mammography screening in tyrol: results of a one-year pilot phase

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Daniaux Martin

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Efficiency and efficacy of organised mammography screening programs have been proven in large randomised trials. But every local implementation of mammography screening has to check whether the well established quality standards are met. Therefore it was the aim of this study to analyse the most common quality indices after introducing organised mammography screening in Tyrol, Austria, in a smooth transition from the existing system of opportunistic screening. Methods In June 2007, the system of opportunistic mammography screening in Tyrol was changed to an organised system by introducing a personal invitation system, a training program, a quality assurance program and by setting up a screening database. All procedures are noted in a written protocol. Most EU recommendations for organised mammography screening were followed, except double reading. All women living in Tyrol and covered by social insurance are now invited for a mammography, in age group 40-59 annually and in age group 60-69 biannually. Screening mammography is offered mainly by radiologists in private practice. We report on the results of the first year of piloting organised mammography screening in two counties in Tyrol. Results 56,432 women were invited. Estimated participation rate was 34.5% at one year of follow-up (and 55.5% at the second year of follow-up; 3.4% of screened women were recalled for further assessment or intermediate screening within six months. Per 1000 mammograms nine biopsies were performed and four breast cancer cases detected (N = 68. Of invasive breast cancer cases 34.4% were ≤ 10 mm in size and 65.6% were node-negative. In total, six interval cancer cases were detected during one year of follow-up; this is 19% of the background incidence rate. Conclusions In the Tyrolean breast cancer screening program, a smooth transition from a spontaneous to an organised mammography screening system was achieved in a short time and with minimal

Statistical Texture Model for mass Detection in Mammography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolás Gallego-Ortiz

2013-12-01

Full Text Available In the context of image processing algorithms for mass detection in mammography, texture is a key feature to be used to distinguish abnormal tissue from normal tissue. Recently, a texture model based on a multivariate Gaussian mixture was proposed, of which the parameters are learned in an unsupervised way from the pixel intensities of images. The model produces images that are probabilistic maps of texture normality and it was proposed as a visualization aid for diagnostic by clinical experts. In this paper, the usability of the model is studied for automatic mass detection. A segmentation strategy is proposed and evaluated using 79 mammography cases.

Contrast-enhanced Spectral Mammography: Technique, Indications, and Clinical Applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhimani, Chandni; Matta, Danielle; Roth, Robyn G; Liao, Lydia; Tinney, Elizabeth; Brill, Kristin; Germaine, Pauline

2017-01-01

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) combines the benefits of full field digital mammography with the concept of tumor angiogenesis. Technique and practical applications of CESM are discussed. An overview of the technique is followed by a demonstration of practical applications of CESM in our practice. We have successfully implemented CESM into our practice as a screening, diagnostic, staging, and treatment response tool. It is important to understand the technique of CESM and how to incorporate it into practice. Copyright © 2017 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mammography at reduced doses: present performance and future possibilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muntz, E.P.; Wilkinson, E.; George, F.W.

1980-01-01

Reduced dose mammography is assessed with the aid of very recent work. It is concluded that there are technical and clinical reasons for believing that the reduced dose systems and their interpreters should perform more effectively than their predecessors. Review of known technologic achievements suggests a possible 6 to 7 reduction factor from present screen-film mammography dose levels without sacficifing image quality. Reasonable estimates of representative doses presently achieved by both xeroradiography and screen-film systems are given. The screen-film value is about 3 times higher than some previous

Prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in patients with breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Fischer, U; Kopka, L; Brinck, U; Korabiowska, M; Schauer, A; Grabbe, E

1997-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in patients with breast cancer. A total of 190 patients with breast cancer (37 noninvasive carcinomas, 153 invasive carcinomas) underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MR mammography preoperatively. Using 1.5-T unit, T1-weighted sequences (2D FLASH) were obtained repeatedly one time before and five times after IV administration of 0.1 mmol gadopentetate-dimeglumine per kilogram body weight. The findings on MR imaging were correlated with histopathologically defined prognostic factors (histological type, tumor size, tumor grading, metastasis in lymph nodes). In addition, immunohistochemically defined prognostic factors (c-erbB-1, c-erbB-2, p53, Ki-67) were correlated with the signal increase on MR mammogram in 40 patients. There was no significant correlation between the findings on MR mammography and the histopathological type of carcinoma, the grading, and the lymphonodular status. Noninvasive carcinomas showed a higher rate of moderate (38 %) or low (27 %) enhancement on MR imaging than invasive carcinomas (6 and 3 %). The results on MR mammography and the results of immunohistochemical stainings did not correlate significantly. Noninvasive carcinomas showed significantly lower enhancement than invasive carcinomas. However, the signal behavior of contrast-enhanced MR mammography is not related to established histopathological prognostic parameters as subtyping, grading, nodal status, and the expression of certain oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes.

Variability of breast density assessment in short-term reimaging with digital mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Won Hwa; Moon, Woo Kyung; Kim, Sun Mi; Yi, Ann; Chang, Jung Min; Koo, Hye Ryoung; Lee, Su Hyun; Cho, Nariya

2013-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the variability of breast density assessments in short-term reimaging with digital mammography. Materials and methods: In 186 women, short term (mean interval, 27.6 days) serial digital mammograms including CC and MLO views were obtained without any treatment. Mammographic density assessments were performed by three blinded radiologists for Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BI-RADS, grades 1–4) and visual percentage density (PD) estimation, and by one radiologist for computer-aided PD estimation. The variability of assessments was analyzed according to the age, breast density, and mammography types by multivariate logistic regression. Results: In BI-RADS assessments, 29% (161 of 558) of breast density categories were assessed differently after short-term reimaging and the mean absolute difference in PD for CC and MLO view was 7.6% and 8.1% for visual assessments, and 7.4% and 6.4% for computer-aided assessments, respectively. Among all computer-aided assessments, 29% (54 of 186) of CC view and 22% (41 of 186) of MLO view assessments had discrepancy over 10% in PD. Younger age (<50), greater breast density (grades 3 and 4), and different mammography types were significantly associated with the variability. Conclusion: Considerable variability in breast density assessments occurred in short-term reimaging with digital mammography, particularly in women with younger age and greater breast density and when examined using different types of mammography

Variability of breast density assessment in short-term reimaging with digital mammography

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Kim, Won Hwa [Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Moon, Woo Kyung, E-mail: moonwk@snu.ac.kr [Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Sun Mi [Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do (Korea, Republic of); Yi, Ann [Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Chang, Jung Min; Koo, Hye Ryoung; Lee, Su Hyun; Cho, Nariya [Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2013-10-01

Objective: To evaluate the variability of breast density assessments in short-term reimaging with digital mammography. Materials and methods: In 186 women, short term (mean interval, 27.6 days) serial digital mammograms including CC and MLO views were obtained without any treatment. Mammographic density assessments were performed by three blinded radiologists for Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BI-RADS, grades 1–4) and visual percentage density (PD) estimation, and by one radiologist for computer-aided PD estimation. The variability of assessments was analyzed according to the age, breast density, and mammography types by multivariate logistic regression. Results: In BI-RADS assessments, 29% (161 of 558) of breast density categories were assessed differently after short-term reimaging and the mean absolute difference in PD for CC and MLO view was 7.6% and 8.1% for visual assessments, and 7.4% and 6.4% for computer-aided assessments, respectively. Among all computer-aided assessments, 29% (54 of 186) of CC view and 22% (41 of 186) of MLO view assessments had discrepancy over 10% in PD. Younger age (<50), greater breast density (grades 3 and 4), and different mammography types were significantly associated with the variability. Conclusion: Considerable variability in breast density assessments occurred in short-term reimaging with digital mammography, particularly in women with younger age and greater breast density and when examined using different types of mammography.

Validation of the English and Spanish Mammography Beliefs and Attitudes Questionnaire.

Science.gov (United States)

Lopez-McKee, Gloria; Bader, Julia

2011-03-21

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among Hispanic women in the United States. Unfortunately Hispanic women exhibit poor mammography screening participation, are diagnosed at later stages of the disease, and have lower survival rates than non-Hispanic white women. Several cultural and psycho-social factors have been found to influence mammography screening participation among Hispanic women. We will begin by presenting the theoretical framework that grounded this research program to develop an instrument to assess factors contributing to poor mammography participation among Hispanic women. We will also summarize the early stages in the development of the English and Spanish Mammography Beliefs and Attitudes Questionnaire (MBAQ and SMBAQ) for use with low-health-literacy Mexican-American women. Next we will describe the initial psychometric testing of the MBAQ/SMBAQ, after which we will present the psychometric testing of the SMBAQ with low-health-literacy women. This will be followed by a discussion of the modification of the MBAQ and SMBAQ subscales. We'll conclude with a discussion of the instruments and share our assessment regarding the limitations of this research program, where the program stands to date, and the implications for practice and future research.

Daily quality control in computed radiography mammography using the manufacturer phantom

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jakubiak, Rosangela R.; Messias, Pricila C.; Oliveira, Carlla M.

2011-01-01

The quality control (QC) in mammography system involves a large amount of test tools, which implies a large space for storage and a high number of exposure. This work describes a QC system using a phantom, Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) One Shot Phantom M Plus, that evaluates several parameters with just one exposure. The software offers tests with annual, semi-annual, quarterly, weekly and daily periodicity, and analyzes the conformities of the mammography equipment, image plate and cassettes. Because of the high number of tests, it was evaluated the daily test only for seven months in two mammography equipment. The test, through the software and its image, allows the analysis of ten parameters in QC. The evaluation of these parameters was realized by the average of the values provided by the software. Only one of the evaluated items showed not conformity, but this was observed and the necessary corrections were realized. The monitoring of use of FCR Mammography QC software with the FCR One Shot Phantom M Plus was realized and through this we could investigate that the quality program provided by the system is appropriate for the radiology services that has the Fuji Computed Radiography system. (author)

Theorien der Videokunst

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Decker-Phillips, Edith; Lemke, Inga; Bruns, Karin

¨ sterreich und der Schweiz, die seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre entstanden sind und den Begriff des Mediums Video bestimmen, erweitern, die spezifische Leistung der Videokunst deuten oder ihre Systematik und Historisierung versuchen. Es finden Texte Ber¨ ucksichtigung, die den sich ver¨andernden Gebrauch des...

Digital versus screen-film mammography: impact of mammographic density and hormone therapy on breast cancer detection.