The East Midlands in 2006: the demography of the East Midlands

OpenAIRE

Lawton, C

2006-01-01

The East Midlands in 2006 is the evidence base that was produced to underpin the devleopment of the regional economic strategy, A Flourishing Region. This document presents detailed analysis of the demography of the East Midlands.

Demography and ecology of nuclear power plant location

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stefanescu, P.; Ghitescu, P.

1997-01-01

To select and licence a NPP site, as well as, once built, to run it, both demography and ecology of the geographical zone are crucial factors to take into account. On the other side the location and running of a NPP is a major factor in the economic and social development of NPP site surroundings. Meanwhile the population distribution around the NPP site has a determining role on intervention and rehabilitation plans. Risk and danger studies should be done for initial situation as well as during NPP running. The character of radioactive risks and the importance of possible consequences of a hypothetical nuclear accident which could affect a big Nuclear Power Plant request a special attention to population distribution around the plant site and surroundings. Therefore safety studies to locate and licence a site should refer to demography and ecology. Available data examination will permit to locate NPP in less-populated and ecologically not-concerning zones. On-site investigation should identify the population groups to watch for in order to estimate the results of a normal evaluation. The inquires will give reference primary data before NPP construction starts. Also they evaluate the possibility of short term population retain on location in case of an accident. (authors)

The Demography of Royal Navy Surgeons: Some Views on the Process of Prosopography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christopher H Myers

2015-08-01

Full Text Available This study is a brief social biography and demography of British naval doctors during the nineteenth century, asking why Scottish-educated surgeons were so prominent.  Understanding the demography and changing dynamics of naval surgeons’ labor illuminates the complex relationship among the military, discrimination, and nationalism that shaped this influential labor market. This study reviews how to collect demographic information from multiple types of sources: university archives, matriculation records, digitized medical journals, and student rolls.  It also uses chi-square tests to show the significance of the demographic information collected.  The results show us the entangled relationship between database conceptualization, data collection, and data analysis.  

Women, Demography, and Politics: How Lower Fertility Rates Lead to Democracy.

Science.gov (United States)

Sommer, Udi

2018-04-01

Where connections between demography and politics are examined in the literature, it is largely in the context of the effects of male aspects of demography on phenomena such as political violence. This project aims to place the study of demographic variables' influence on politics, particularly on democracy, squarely within the scope of political and social sciences, and to focus on the effects of woman-related demographics-namely, fertility rate. I test the hypothesis that demographic variables-female-related predictors, in particular-have an independent effect on political structure. Comparing countries over time, this study finds a growth in democracy when fertility rates decline. In the theoretical framework developed, it is family structure as well as the economic and political status of women that account for this change at the macro and micro levels. Findings based on data for more than 140 countries over three decades are robust when controlling not only for alternative effects but also for reverse causality and data limitations.

Demography and population status of polar bears in western Hudson Bay

Science.gov (United States)

Lunn, Nicholas J.; Regher, Eric V; Servanty, Sabrina; Converse, Sarah J.; Richardson, Evan S.; Stirling, Ian

2013-01-01

We evaluated the demography and population status of the Western Hudson Bay (WH) polar bear subpopulation for the period 1984-2011, using live-recapture data from research studies and management actions, and dead-recovery data from polar bears harvested for subsistence purposes or removed during human-bear conflicts.

Demography of northern flying squirrels informs ecosystem management of western interior forests.

Science.gov (United States)

John F. Lehmkuhl; Keith D. Kistler; James S. Begley; John. Boulanger

2006-01-01

We studied northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) demography in the eastern Washington Cascade Range to test hypotheses about regional and local abundance patterns and to inform managers of the possible effects of fire and fuels management on flying squirrels. We quantified habitat characteristics and squirrel density, population trends, and...

Owned dog ecology and demography in Villa de Tezontepec, Hidalgo, Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Kisiel, Luz Maria; Jones-Bitton, Andria; Sargeant, Jan M; Coe, Jason B; Flockhart, D T Tyler; Reynoso Palomar, Alejandro; Canales Vargas, Erick J; Greer, Amy L

2016-12-01

Dog overpopulation in developing countries has negative implications for the health and safety of people, including the transmission of zoonotic diseases, physical attacks and intimidation to humans and animals, as well as impacts on canine welfare. Understanding the ecology and demographic characteristics of a dog population can help in the planning and monitoring of canine population control programs. Little data exist regarding demography and dynamics of domestic dog populations in semi-urban areas in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 21 and November 7, 2015, to characterize the dog ecology and demography in Villa de Tezontepec, Hidalgo, Mexico. A face-to-face survey was used to collect data from randomly selected households in four contiguous communities using stratified two-stage cluster sampling. Within each household, adults answered questions related to their dogs and their experiences with dog bites and aggression. A total of 328 households were interviewed, representing a participation rate of 90.9% (328/361) and 1,450 people. Approximately 65.2% of the households owned one or more dogs, with a mean of 1.3 (SD=1.5) and 2.0 (SD=1.5) owned dogs in all participant households and dog-owning households, respectively. The human: owned dog ratio for all participant households was 3.4:1 (1450/428), and for the dog-owning households was 2.3:1 (984/428). The owned dog male: female ratio was 1.4:1 (249/179). Approximately 74.4% (95.0% CI=69.8% - 78.7%) of the owned dogs were older than one year (mean age: 2.9 years; SD=2.5). The mean age of owned female dogs at first litter was 1.9 years (SD=1.2) and the mean litter size was 4.2 puppies (SD=2.1). Approximately 36.9% (95.0% CI=31.8% - 46.4%) of the females were spayed, and 14.1% (95.0% CI=10.7% - 19.7%) of the males were neutered. Only 44.9% (95.0% CI=40.1% - 49.7%) were always confined when unsupervised. Approximately 84.4% (95.0% CI=80.6% - 87.7%) were reported to have been vaccinated

Stress and body condition are associated with climate and demography in Asian elephants.

Science.gov (United States)

Mumby, Hannah S; Mar, Khyne U; Thitaram, Chatchote; Courtiol, Alexandre; Towiboon, Patcharapa; Min-Oo, Zaw; Htut-Aung, Ye; Brown, Janine L; Lummaa, Virpi

2015-01-01

Establishing links between ecological variation, physiological markers of stress and demography is crucial for understanding how and why changes in environmental conditions affect population dynamics, and may also play a key role for conservation efforts of endangered species. However, detailed longitudinal studies of long-lived species are rarely available. We test how two markers of stress and body condition vary through the year and are associated with climatic conditions and large-scale mortality and fertility variation in the world's largest semi-captive population of Asian elephants employed in the timber industry in Myanmar. Glucocorticoid metabolites (used as a proxy for stress levels in 75 elephants) and body weight (used as a proxy for condition in 116 elephants) were monitored monthly across a typical monsoon cycle and compared with birth and death patterns of the entire elephant population over half a century (n = 2350). Our results show seasonal variation in both markers of stress and condition. In addition, this variation is correlated with population-level demographic variables. Weight is inversely correlated with population mortality rates 1 month later, and glucocorticoid metabolites are negatively associated with birth rates. Weight shows a highly positive correlation with rainfall 1 month earlier. Determining the factors associated with demography may be key to species conservation by providing information about the correlates of mortality and fertility patterns. The unsustainability of the studied captive population has meant that wild elephants have been captured and tamed for work. By elucidating the correlates of demography in captive elephants, our results offer management solutions that could reduce the pressure on the wild elephant population in Myanmar.

DIM SUM: demography and individual migration simulated using a Markov chain.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Jeremy M; Savidge, Kevin; McTavish, Emily Jane B

2011-03-01

An increasing number of studies seek to infer demographic history, often jointly with genetic relationships. Despite numerous analytical methods for such data, few simulations have investigated the methods' power and robustness, especially when underlying assumptions have been violated. DIM SUM (Demography and Individual Migration Simulated Using a Markov chain) is a stand-alone Java program for the simulation of population demography and individual migration while recording ancestor-descendant relationships. It does not employ coalescent assumptions or discrete population boundaries. It is extremely flexible, allowing the user to specify border positions, reactions of organisms to borders, local and global carrying capacities, individual dispersal kernels, rates of reproduction and strategies for sampling individuals. Spatial variables may be specified using image files (e.g., as exported from gis software) and may vary through time. In combination with software for genetic marker simulation, DIM SUM will be useful for testing phylogeographic (e.g., nested clade phylogeographic analysis, coalescent-based tests and continuous-landscape frameworks) and landscape-genetic methods, specifically regarding violations of coalescent assumptions. It can also be used to explore the qualitative features of proposed demographic scenarios (e.g. regarding biological invasions) and as a pedagogical tool. DIM SUM (with user's manual) can be downloaded from http://code.google.com/p/bio-dimsum. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Coalescent Processes with Skewed Offspring Distributions and Nonequilibrium Demography.

Science.gov (United States)

Matuszewski, Sebastian; Hildebrandt, Marcel E; Achaz, Guillaume; Jensen, Jeffrey D

2018-01-01

Nonequilibrium demography impacts coalescent genealogies leaving detectable, well-studied signatures of variation. However, similar genomic footprints are also expected under models of large reproductive skew, posing a serious problem when trying to make inference. Furthermore, current approaches consider only one of the two processes at a time, neglecting any genomic signal that could arise from their simultaneous effects, preventing the possibility of jointly inferring parameters relating to both offspring distribution and population history. Here, we develop an extended Moran model with exponential population growth, and demonstrate that the underlying ancestral process converges to a time-inhomogeneous psi-coalescent. However, by applying a nonlinear change of time scale-analogous to the Kingman coalescent-we find that the ancestral process can be rescaled to its time-homogeneous analog, allowing the process to be simulated quickly and efficiently. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions for the expected site-frequency spectrum under the time-inhomogeneous psi-coalescent, and develop an approximate-likelihood framework for the joint estimation of the coalescent and growth parameters. By means of extensive simulation, we demonstrate that both can be estimated accurately from whole-genome data. In addition, not accounting for demography can lead to serious biases in the inferred coalescent model, with broad implications for genomic studies ranging from ecology to conservation biology. Finally, we use our method to analyze sequence data from Japanese sardine populations, and find evidence of high variation in individual reproductive success, but few signs of a recent demographic expansion. Copyright © 2018 by the Genetics Society of America.

Predation risk affects reproductive physiology and demography of elk.

Science.gov (United States)

Creel, Scott; Christianson, David; Liley, Stewart; Winnie, John A

2007-02-16

Elk (Cervus elaphus) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem alter patterns of aggregation, habitat selection, vigilance, and foraging in the presence of wolves (Canis lupus). Antipredator behaviors like these can reduce predation risk but are also likely to carry costs. Data from five elk populations studied for 16 site years showed that progesterone concentrations (from 1489 fecal samples) declined with the ratio of elk to wolves. In turn, progesterone concentrations were a good predictor of calf recruitment in the subsequent year. Together, these data suggest that wolves indirectly affect the reproductive physiology and the demography of elk through the costs of antipredator behavior.

Regions of homozygosity in the porcine genome: consequence of demography and the recombination landscape.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirte Bosse

Full Text Available Inbreeding has long been recognized as a primary cause of fitness reduction in both wild and domesticated populations. Consanguineous matings cause inheritance of haplotypes that are identical by descent (IBD and result in homozygous stretches along the genome of the offspring. Size and position of regions of homozygosity (ROHs are expected to correlate with genomic features such as GC content and recombination rate, but also direction of selection. Thus, ROHs should be non-randomly distributed across the genome. Therefore, demographic history may not fully predict the effects of inbreeding. The porcine genome has a relatively heterogeneous distribution of recombination rate, making Sus scrofa an excellent model to study the influence of both recombination landscape and demography on genomic variation. This study utilizes next-generation sequencing data for the analysis of genomic ROH patterns, using a comparative sliding window approach. We present an in-depth study of genomic variation based on three different parameters: nucleotide diversity outside ROHs, the number of ROHs in the genome, and the average ROH size. We identified an abundance of ROHs in all genomes of multiple pigs from commercial breeds and wild populations from Eurasia. Size and number of ROHs are in agreement with known demography of the populations, with population bottlenecks highly increasing ROH occurrence. Nucleotide diversity outside ROHs is high in populations derived from a large ancient population, regardless of current population size. In addition, we show an unequal genomic ROH distribution, with strong correlations of ROH size and abundance with recombination rate and GC content. Global gene content does not correlate with ROH frequency, but some ROH hotspots do contain positive selected genes in commercial lines and wild populations. This study highlights the importance of the influence of demography and recombination on homozygosity in the genome to understand

Evolutionary demography and the population history of the European early Neolithic.

Science.gov (United States)

Shennan, Stephen

2009-04-01

In this paper I propose that evolutionary demography and associated theory from human behavioral ecology provide a strong basis for explaining the available evidence for the patterns observed in the first agricultural settlement of Europe in the 7th-5th millennium cal. BC, linking together a variety of what have previously been disconnected observations and casting doubt on some long-standing existing models. An outline of relevant aspects of life history theory, which provides the foundation for understanding demography, is followed by a review of large-scale demographic patterns in the early Neolithic, which point to rapid population increase and a process of demic diffusion. More localized socioeconomic and demographic patterns suggesting rapid expansion to local carrying capacities and an associated growth of inequality in the earliest farming communities of central Europe (the Linear Pottery Culture, or LBK) are then outlined and shown to correspond to predictions of spatial population ecology and reproductive skew theory. Existing models of why it took so long for farming to spread to northern and northwest Europe, which explain the spread in terms of the gradual disruption of hunter-gatherer ways of life, are then questioned in light of evidence for population collapse at the end of the LBK. Finally, some broader implications of the study are presented, including the suggestion that the pattern of an initial agricultural boom followed by a bust may be relevant in other parts of the world.

Reproductive demography of a temperate protogynous and herbivorous fish, Odax pullus (Labridae, Odacini)

KAUST Repository

Laman Trip, Elizabeth; Raubenheimer, David; Clements, Kendall D.; Choat, John Howard

2011-01-01

A common view is that, in marine fishes, herbivory and sex change are subject to physiological constraints at high latitudes, which are likely to affect growth rates and reproductive outputs. The present study examines the reproductive demography of Odax pullus, an herbivorous and protogynous species of temperate New Zealand. We establish an otolith-based methodology for age estimation and investigate sex-specific growth, longevity and age-based reproductive events. Individuals achieved a maximum age of 11 years, reached 85% of adult body size (455mm FL) within the first 3.5 years of life, were sexually mature by the age of 1.11.5 years and changed sex at 2.83.5 years, indicating fast simultaneous somatic and reproductive growth. There was no significant difference in growth or body size between the sexes. Ovary weight of spawning females increased significantly with size and age, suggesting the presence of size- and age-fecundity skews underlying the absence of sex change in larger and older females. Testes of reproductively active males comprised less than 1% of bodyweight, suggesting pair-spawning and little sperm competition. The present study provides metrics to support comparisons of the demography of this temperate protogynous and herbivorous labrid across spatial or temporal strata. © CSIRO 2011.

Reproductive demography of a temperate protogynous and herbivorous fish, Odax pullus (Labridae, Odacini)

KAUST Repository

Laman Trip, Elizabeth

2011-03-07

A common view is that, in marine fishes, herbivory and sex change are subject to physiological constraints at high latitudes, which are likely to affect growth rates and reproductive outputs. The present study examines the reproductive demography of Odax pullus, an herbivorous and protogynous species of temperate New Zealand. We establish an otolith-based methodology for age estimation and investigate sex-specific growth, longevity and age-based reproductive events. Individuals achieved a maximum age of 11 years, reached 85% of adult body size (455mm FL) within the first 3.5 years of life, were sexually mature by the age of 1.11.5 years and changed sex at 2.83.5 years, indicating fast simultaneous somatic and reproductive growth. There was no significant difference in growth or body size between the sexes. Ovary weight of spawning females increased significantly with size and age, suggesting the presence of size- and age-fecundity skews underlying the absence of sex change in larger and older females. Testes of reproductively active males comprised less than 1% of bodyweight, suggesting pair-spawning and little sperm competition. The present study provides metrics to support comparisons of the demography of this temperate protogynous and herbivorous labrid across spatial or temporal strata. © CSIRO 2011.

Retrospective analysis of attitudes to ageing in the Economist: apocalyptic demography for opinion formers.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Ruth; Williams, Caroline; O'Neill, Desmond

2009-12-08

To investigate the description of older people and ageing in a major weekly newspaper, influential in political and financial circles, to see whether it reflected ageing in a balanced manner, and to what extent it indulged in apocalyptic demography-the portrayal of population ageing as a financial burden rather than a scientific advance. Electronic search of the digital archive of the Economist of articles published between January 1997 and April 2008. Main outcomes measures Categorisation of articles as portraying population ageing as a burden or a benefit or with a balanced view. Of 6306 identified articles, 262 were relevant. Most featured pensions, demography, and politics. Of these 262, 64% portrayed population ageing as a burden and 12% as a benefit; 24% had a balanced view. Most articles therefore showed a predominantly ageist view of older people as a burden on society, often portraying them as frail non-contributors. Recurrent themes included pension and demographic "time bombs" and future unsustainable costs of health care for older people. This negative view of older people might be influential in shaping the attitudes of readers, who include opinion formers in political and economic circles. Gerontologists (including geriatricians) need to engage with influential media, as well as helping to promote a professional development of journalists that is informed and knowledgeable about the negative impact of ageism on the wellbeing of older people.

Late Holocene Lake Level Fluctuations at Laguna Arapa, Peru and Connections to Human Demography

Science.gov (United States)

Hillman, A. L.; Abbott, M. B.; Werne, J. P.; Arkush, E.; Thompson, L. G.; Ferland, T.; Holmes, E.; Puhnaty, C.; Woods, A.

2016-12-01

The relationship between variations in hydroclimate and human demography on the Peruvian Altiplano has significant implications for understanding how people in the past have adapted to changes in freshwater resources. To investigate these human-environmental interactions, this project presents a 2,000 year sediment record from Laguna Arapa, a large lake that is Titicaca. Using sedimentology and stratigraphy as well as a suite of organic geochemical proxies including fecal 5β-stanols and leaf waxes (long chain n-alkanoic acids), we aim to tie together proxies of human population with indicators of regional hydroclimate. Preliminary results of sedimentology and stratigraphy show notable transitions from sand to silt to clay, suggesting rising lake level sequences at 500 and 700 AD. The last 1,300 years of sediment are characterized by alternating layers of organic rich material with abundant charcoal and black inorganic clay, suggesting intermittent periods of aridity and/or anthropogenic fire-setting. These layers are particularly frequent during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, which was characterized by dry and warm conditions. These results agree well with other records of hydroclimate from regional lakes as well as accumulation rate and temperature from the Quelccaya ice cap. Organic geochemical work is currently in progress and shows promise for linking together proxies of human demography with hydroclimate to understand the relationship between human settlement and climate change.

Leaf development and demography explain photosynthetic seasonality in Amazon evergreen forests

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Jin; Albert, Lauren; Lopes, Aline; Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia; Hayek, Matthew; Wiedemann, Kenia T.; Guan, Kaiyu; Stark, Scott C.; Christoffersen, Bradley; Prohaska, Neill; Tavares, Julia V.; Marostica, Suelen; Kobayashi, Hideki; Ferreira, Maurocio L.; Campos, Kleber Silva; da Silva, Rodrigo; Brando, Paulo M.; Dye, Dennis G.; Huxman, Travis E.; Huete, Alfredo; Nelson, Bruce; Saleska, Scott

2016-01-01

In evergreen tropical forests, the extent, magnitude, and controls on photosynthetic seasonality are poorly resolved and inadequately represented in Earth system models. Combining camera observations with ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes at forests across rainfall gradients in Amazônia, we show that aggregate canopy phenology, not seasonality of climate drivers, is the primary cause of photosynthetic seasonality in these forests. Specifically, synchronization of new leaf growth with dry season litterfall shifts canopy composition toward younger, more light-use efficient leaves, explaining large seasonal increases (~27%) in ecosystem photosynthesis. Coordinated leaf development and demography thus reconcile seemingly disparate observations at different scales and indicate that accounting for leaf-level phenology is critical for accurately simulating ecosystem-scale responses to climate change.

Demography management and challenges of alternating shift work; Demographiemanagement und Herausforderungen der Wechselschicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franzkowiak, Matthias [Arbeitsmedizin Rheinisches Revier, RWE Power AG, Bergheim (Germany); Schmitz, Michael [Personalcontrolling/-strategie, RWE Power AG, Essen (Germany); Feldhaus, Christian [Arbeitsmedizin/Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement, RWE Power AG, Essen (Germany)

2009-07-01

RWE Power has launched a comprehensive process to develop strategies for future demography management. A special focus is on the challenges which result from the age structure of the workforce in connection with alternating shift work. A comprehensive catalogue of measures was developed which is currently being implemented. Among other things, it includes programmes for the employees on issues like health and ergonomics or optimisation of existing shift systems. Several follow-up projects are also included. The measures presented in this paper are meant to help in responding proactively to future demographic trends and the resulting challenges. (orig.)

Count data, detection probabilities, and the demography, dynamics, distribution, and decline of amphibians.

Science.gov (United States)

Schmidt, Benedikt R

2003-08-01

The evidence for amphibian population declines is based on count data that were not adjusted for detection probabilities. Such data are not reliable even when collected using standard methods. The formula C = Np (where C is a count, N the true parameter value, and p is a detection probability) relates count data to demography, population size, or distributions. With unadjusted count data, one assumes a linear relationship between C and N and that p is constant. These assumptions are unlikely to be met in studies of amphibian populations. Amphibian population data should be based on methods that account for detection probabilities.

Socio-demography and medical history as predictors of health-related quality of life of breast cancer survivors.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramadas, Amutha; Qureshi, Ahmad Munir; Dominic, Nisha Angela; Botross, Nevein Philip; Riad, Amgad; Thirunavuk Arasoo, Valliammai Jayanthi; Elangovan, Soman

2015-01-01

Even after completion of conventional treatment, breast cancer survivors continue to exhibit a variety of psychological and physical symptoms, affecting their quality of life. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between socio-demography, medical characteristics and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) of a sample of breast cancer survivors in Malaysia. This pilot cross-sectional survey was conducted among breast cancer survivors (n=40) who were members of Breast Cancer Support Group Centre Johor Bahru. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to identify the relationships between socio-demography, medical characteristics and HR-QOL of the participants. Living with family and completion of treatment were significant predictive factors of self-rated QOL, while living with family and ever giving birth significantly predicted satisfaction with health and physical health. Psychological health had moderate correlations with number of children and early cancer stage. Survivors' higher personal income (>MYR4,500) was the only significant predictor of social relationship, while age, income more than MYR4,500 and giving birth significantly predicted environment domain score. The findings suggested the survivors coped better in all four HR-QOL domains if they were married, lived with family, had children and were employed.

Coupling mammalian demography to climate through satellite time series of plant phenology

Science.gov (United States)

Stoner, D.; Sexton, J. O.; Nagol, J. R.; Ironside, K.; Choate, D.; Longshore, K.; Edwards, T., Jr.

2016-12-01

The seasonality of plant productivity governs the demography of primary and secondary consumers, and in arid ecosystems primary production is constrained by water availability. We relate the behavior, demography, and spatial distribution of large mammalian herbivores and their principal predator to remotely sensed indices of climate and vegetation across the western United States from 2000-2014. Terrain and plant community composition moderate the effects of climatological drought on primary productivity, resulting in spatial variation in ecosystem susceptibility to water stress. Herbivores track these patterns through habitat selection during key periods such as birthing and migration. Across a broad climatological gradient, timing of the start of growing season explains 75% of the variation in herbivore birth timing and 56% of the variation in neonatal survival rates. Initiation of autumn migration corresponds with the end of the growing season. Although indirectly coupled to primary production, carnivore home range size and population density are strongly correlated with plant productivity and growing-season length. Satellite measures of green reflectance during the peak of the growing season explain over 84% of the variation in carnivore home range size and 59% of the variation in density. Climate projections for the western United States predict warming temperatures and shifts in the timing and form of precipitation. Our analyses suggest that increased climatological variability will contribute to fluctuations in the composition and phenology of plant communities. These changes will propagate through consumer trophic levels, manifesting as increased home range area, shifts in the timing of migration, and greater volatility in large mammal populations. Combined with expansion and amplification of human land uses, these changes will likely have economic implications stemming from increased human-wildlife conflict and loss of ecosystem services.

Eastern wood-pewee (Contopus virens) breeding demography across a gradient of savanna, woodland, and forest in the Missouri Ozarks

Science.gov (United States)

Sarah W. Kendrick; Frank R. Thompson; Jennifer L. Reidy

2013-01-01

Better knowledge of bird response to savanna and woodland restoration is needed to inform management of these communities. We related temporal and habitat variables to breeding demography and densities of the Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) across a gradient of savanna, woodland, and forest. We determined nest success, clutch size, young fledged...

A non-marine source of variability in Adélie Penguin demography

Science.gov (United States)

Fraser, William R.; Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.; Ribic, Christine; Schofield, Oscar; Ducklow, Hugh

2013-01-01

A primary research objective of the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has been to identify and understand the factors that regulate the demography of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae). In this context, our work has been focused on variability in the marine environment on which this species depends for virtually all aspects of its life history (Ainley, 2002). As we show here, however, there are patterns evident in the population dynamics of Adélie penguins that are better explained by variability in breeding habitat quality rather than by variability in the marine system. Interactions between the geomorphology of the terrestrial environment that, in turn, affect patterns of snow deposition, drive breeding habitat quality.

Spatial structure and nest demography reveal the influence of competition, parasitism and habitat quality on slavemaking ants and their hosts.

Science.gov (United States)

Scharf, Inon; Fischer-Blass, Birgit; Foitzik, Susanne

2011-03-28

Natural communities are structured by intra-guild competition, predation or parasitism and the abiotic environment. We studied the relative importance of these factors in two host-social parasite ecosystems in three ant communities in Europe (Bavaria) and North America (New York, West Virginia). We tested how these factors affect colony demography, life-history and the spatial pattern of colonies, using a large sample size of more than 1000 colonies. The strength of competition was measured by the distance to the nearest competitor. Distance to the closest social parasite colony was used as a measure of parasitism risk. Nest sites (i.e., sticks or acorns) are limited in these forest ecosystems and we therefore included nest site quality as an abiotic factor in the analysis. In contrast to previous studies based on local densities, we focus here on the positioning and spatial patterns and we use models to compare our predictions to random expectations. Colony demography was universally affected by the size of the nest site with larger and more productive colonies residing in larger nest sites of higher quality. Distance to the nearest competitor negatively influenced host demography and brood production in the Bavarian community, pointing to an important role of competition, while social parasitism was less influential in this community. The New York community was characterized by the highest habitat variability, and productive colonies were clustered in sites of higher quality. Colonies were clumped on finer spatial scales, when we considered only the nearest neighbors, but more regularly distributed on coarser scales. The analysis of spatial positioning within plots often produced different results compared to those based on colony densities. For example, while host and slavemaker densities are often positively correlated, slavemakers do not nest closer to potential host colonies than expected by random. The three communities are differently affected by biotic and

Spatial structure and nest demography reveal the influence of competition, parasitism and habitat quality on slavemaking ants and their hosts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fischer-Blass Birgit

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Natural communities are structured by intra-guild competition, predation or parasitism and the abiotic environment. We studied the relative importance of these factors in two host-social parasite ecosystems in three ant communities in Europe (Bavaria and North America (New York, West Virginia. We tested how these factors affect colony demography, life-history and the spatial pattern of colonies, using a large sample size of more than 1000 colonies. The strength of competition was measured by the distance to the nearest competitor. Distance to the closest social parasite colony was used as a measure of parasitism risk. Nest sites (i.e., sticks or acorns are limited in these forest ecosystems and we therefore included nest site quality as an abiotic factor in the analysis. In contrast to previous studies based on local densities, we focus here on the positioning and spatial patterns and we use models to compare our predictions to random expectations. Results Colony demography was universally affected by the size of the nest site with larger and more productive colonies residing in larger nest sites of higher quality. Distance to the nearest competitor negatively influenced host demography and brood production in the Bavarian community, pointing to an important role of competition, while social parasitism was less influential in this community. The New York community was characterized by the highest habitat variability, and productive colonies were clustered in sites of higher quality. Colonies were clumped on finer spatial scales, when we considered only the nearest neighbors, but more regularly distributed on coarser scales. The analysis of spatial positioning within plots often produced different results compared to those based on colony densities. For example, while host and slavemaker densities are often positively correlated, slavemakers do not nest closer to potential host colonies than expected by random. Conclusions The

Diagnosing the dangerous demography of manta rays using life history theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicholas K. Dulvy

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Background. The directed harvest and global trade in the gill plates of mantas, and devil rays, has led to increased fishing pressure and steep population declines in some locations. The slow life history, particularly of the manta rays, is cited as a key reason why such species have little capacity to withstand directed fisheries. Here, we place their life history and demography within the context of other sharks and rays.Methods. Despite the limited availability of data, we use life history theory and comparative analysis to estimate the intrinsic risk of extinction (as indexed by the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase rmax for a typical generic manta ray using a variant of the classic Euler–Lotka demographic model. This model requires only three traits to calculate the maximum intrinsic population growth rate rmax: von Bertalanffy growth rate, annual pup production and age at maturity. To account for the uncertainty in life history parameters, we created plausible parameter ranges and propagate these uncertainties through the model to calculate a distribution of the plausible range of rmax values.Results. The maximum population growth rate rmax of manta ray is most sensitive to the length of the reproductive cycle, and the median rmax of 0.116 year−1 95th percentile [0.089–0.139] is one of the lowest known of the 106 sharks and rays for which we have comparable demographic information.Discussion. In common with other unprotected, unmanaged, high-value large-bodied sharks and rays the combination of very low population growth rates of manta rays, combined with the high value of their gill rakers and the international nature of trade, is highly likely to lead to rapid depletion and potential local extinction unless a rapid conservation management response occurs worldwide. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to derive important insights into the demography extinction risk of data-poor species using well-established life

Diagnosing the dangerous demography of manta rays using life history theory.

Science.gov (United States)

Dulvy, Nicholas K; Pardo, Sebastián A; Simpfendorfer, Colin A; Carlson, John K

2014-01-01

Background. The directed harvest and global trade in the gill plates of mantas, and devil rays, has led to increased fishing pressure and steep population declines in some locations. The slow life history, particularly of the manta rays, is cited as a key reason why such species have little capacity to withstand directed fisheries. Here, we place their life history and demography within the context of other sharks and rays. Methods. Despite the limited availability of data, we use life history theory and comparative analysis to estimate the intrinsic risk of extinction (as indexed by the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase r max) for a typical generic manta ray using a variant of the classic Euler-Lotka demographic model. This model requires only three traits to calculate the maximum intrinsic population growth rate r max: von Bertalanffy growth rate, annual pup production and age at maturity. To account for the uncertainty in life history parameters, we created plausible parameter ranges and propagate these uncertainties through the model to calculate a distribution of the plausible range of r max values. Results. The maximum population growth rate r max of manta ray is most sensitive to the length of the reproductive cycle, and the median r max of 0.116 year(-1) 95th percentile [0.089-0.139] is one of the lowest known of the 106 sharks and rays for which we have comparable demographic information. Discussion. In common with other unprotected, unmanaged, high-value large-bodied sharks and rays the combination of very low population growth rates of manta rays, combined with the high value of their gill rakers and the international nature of trade, is highly likely to lead to rapid depletion and potential local extinction unless a rapid conservation management response occurs worldwide. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to derive important insights into the demography extinction risk of data-poor species using well-established life history theory.

Demography and sex work characteristics of female sex workers in India

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Dandona, Rakhi; Dandona, Lalit; Kumar, G Anil; Gutierrez, Juan Pablo; McPherson, Sam; Samuels, Fiona; Bertozzi, Stefano M

2006-01-01

Background The majority of sex work in India is clandestine due to unfavorable legal environment and discrimination against female sex workers (FSWs). We report data on who these women are and when they get involved with sex work that could assist in increasing the reach of HIV prevention activities for them. Methods Detailed documentation of demography and various aspects of sex work was done through confidential interviews of 6648 FSWs in 13 districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The demography of FSWs was compared with that of women in the general population. Results A total of 5010 (75.4%), 1499 (22.5%), and 139 (2.1%) street-, home-, and brothel-based FSWs, respectively, participated. Comparison with women of Andhra Pradesh revealed that the proportion of those aged 20–34 years (75.6%), belonging to scheduled caste (35.3%) and scheduled tribe (10.5%), illiterate (74.7%), and of those separated/divorced (30.7%) was higher among FSWs (p 5 years were more likely to be non-street-based FSWs, illiterate, living in small urban towns, and to have started sex work between 12–15 years of age. The mean age at starting sex work (21.7 years) and gap between the first vaginal intercourse and the first sexual intercourse in exchange for money (6.6 years) was lower for FSWs in the rural areas as compared with those in large urban areas (23.9 years and 8.8 years, respectively). Conclusion These data highlight that women struggling with illiteracy, lower social status, and less economic opportunities are especially vulnerable to being infected by HIV, as sex work may be one of the few options available to them to earn money. Recommendations for actions are made for long-term impact on reducing the numbers of women being infected by HIV in addition to the current HIV prevention efforts in India. PMID:16615869

Demography and sex work characteristics of female sex workers in India

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McPherson Sam

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The majority of sex work in India is clandestine due to unfavorable legal environment and discrimination against female sex workers (FSWs. We report data on who these women are and when they get involved with sex work that could assist in increasing the reach of HIV prevention activities for them. Methods Detailed documentation of demography and various aspects of sex work was done through confidential interviews of 6648 FSWs in 13 districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The demography of FSWs was compared with that of women in the general population. Results A total of 5010 (75.4%, 1499 (22.5%, and 139 (2.1% street-, home-, and brothel-based FSWs, respectively, participated. Comparison with women of Andhra Pradesh revealed that the proportion of those aged 20–34 years (75.6%, belonging to scheduled caste (35.3% and scheduled tribe (10.5%, illiterate (74.7%, and of those separated/divorced (30.7% was higher among FSWs (p 5 years were more likely to be non-street-based FSWs, illiterate, living in small urban towns, and to have started sex work between 12–15 years of age. The mean age at starting sex work (21.7 years and gap between the first vaginal intercourse and the first sexual intercourse in exchange for money (6.6 years was lower for FSWs in the rural areas as compared with those in large urban areas (23.9 years and 8.8 years, respectively. Conclusion These data highlight that women struggling with illiteracy, lower social status, and less economic opportunities are especially vulnerable to being infected by HIV, as sex work may be one of the few options available to them to earn money. Recommendations for actions are made for long-term impact on reducing the numbers of women being infected by HIV in addition to the current HIV prevention efforts in India.

Historical demography of common carp estimated from individuals collected from various parts of the world using the pairwise sequentially markovian coalescent approach.

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Yuan, Zihao; Huang, Wei; Liu, Shikai; Xu, Peng; Dunham, Rex; Liu, Zhanjiang

2018-04-01

The inference of historical demography of a species is helpful for understanding species' differentiation and its population dynamics. However, such inference has been previously difficult due to the lack of proper analytical methods and availability of genetic data. A recently developed method called Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) offers the capability for estimation of the trajectories of historical populations over considerable time periods using genomic sequences. In this study, we applied this approach to infer the historical demography of the common carp using samples collected from Europe, Asia and the Americas. Comparison between Asian and European common carp populations showed that the last glacial period starting 100 ka BP likely caused a significant decline in population size of the wild common carp in Europe, while it did not have much of an impact on its counterparts in Asia. This was probably caused by differences in glacial activities in East Asia and Europe, and suggesting a separation of the European and Asian clades before the last glacial maximum. The North American clade which is an invasive population shared a similar demographic history as those from Europe, consistent with the idea that the North American common carp probably had European ancestral origins. Our analysis represents the first reconstruction of the historical population demography of the common carp, which is important to elucidate the separation of European and Asian common carp clades during the Quaternary glaciation, as well as the dispersal of common carp across the world.

A Personal Account of the History of Historical Demography in Europe at the End of the Glorious Thirty (1967-1975

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Antoinette Fauve-Chamoux

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Encouraged by her masters at the Annales School—historians Fernand Braudel and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, demographer Louis Henry from Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques (INED, and sociologist Peter Laslett from Cambridge—the author, a baby-boomer, experienced major socio-economic and cultural changes in family behavior and reproduction models induced in Europe by the revolutionary events of 1968 in Paris. In this essay, she presents a personal account of the history of historical demography in Europe, between 1967 and 1975, in other words at the end of the post-WWII Glorious Thirty period (1945-1975. She then became involved in the development of a global network that had been formed in 1960 in Stockholm, linking professional national and international associations and academic units in Historical Demography and History of the Family. This network spread quickly overseas during the following decades. The period under study was marked by the beginning of important behavioral changes in socio-economic contexts and attitudes to family life, gender and human reproduction. These major shifts were called the Second Demographic Transition by two Dutch demographers, inspired by French scholars. The year 1976 is identified as a major turning point for Historical Demography as a discipline, mostly through the creation of the Social Science History Association and the Journal of Family History, which brought new theoretical approaches and methodologies. A generation of productive researchers appeared with the end of the 20th century and the new millennium. They took advantage of an increasingly digitalized world to widely disseminate a rich store of knowledge about past population behavior gathered since the 1960s by their predecessors.

Variation in ploidy level and phenology can result in large and unexpected differences in demography and climatic sensitivity between closely related ferns.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groot, de G.A.; Zuidema, P.A.; Groot, H.; During, H.J.

2012-01-01

• Premise of the study: Current environmental changes may affect the dynamics and viability of plant populations. This environmental sensitivity may differ between species of different ploidy level because polyploidization can influence life history traits. We compared the demography and climatic

Culture and Demography: From Reluctant Bedfellows to Committed Partners

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Bachrach, Christine A.

2015-01-01

Demography and culture have had a long but ambivalent relationship. Cultural influences are widely recognized as important for demographic outcomes, but are often “backgrounded” in demographic research. I argue that progress towards a more successful integration is feasible and suggest a network model of culture as a potential tool. The network model bridges both traditional (holistic and institutional) and contemporary (tool kit) models of culture used in the social sciences and offers a simple vocabulary for the diverse set of cultural concepts such as attitudes, beliefs and norms, and quantitative measures of how culture is organized. The proposed model conceptualizes culture as a nested network of meanings which are represented by schemas that range in complexity from simple concepts to multifaceted cultural models. I illustrate the potential value of a model using accounts of the cultural changes underpinning the transformation of marriage in the U.S. and point to developments in the social, cognitive and computational sciences that could facilitate the application of the model in empirical demographic research. PMID:24338643

A work bibliography on native food consumption, demography and lifestyle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murray, C.E.; Lee, W.J.

1992-12-01

The purpose of this report is to provide a bibliography for the Native American tribe participants in the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project to use. The HEDR Project's primary objective is to estimate the radiation dose that individuals could have received as a result of emissions since 1944 from the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. Eight Native American tribes are responsible for estimating daily and seasonal consumption of traditional foods, demography, and other lifestyle factors that could have affected the radiation dose received by tribal members. This report provides a bibliography of recorded accounts that tribal researchers may use to verify their estimates. The bibliographic citations include references to information on the specific tribes, Columbia River plateau ethnobotany, infant feeding practices and milk consumption, nutritional studies and radiation, tribal economic and demographic characteristics (1940--1970), research methods, primary sources from the National Archives, regional archives, libraries, and museums

A work bibliography on native food consumption, demography and lifestyle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murray, C.E.; Lee, W.J.

1992-12-01

The purpose of this report is to provide a bibliography for the Native American tribe participants in the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project to use. The HEDR Project's primary objective is to estimate the radiation dose that individuals could have received as a result of emissions since 1944 from the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. Eight Native American tribes are responsible for estimating daily and seasonal consumption of traditional foods, demography, and other lifestyle factors that could have affected the radiation dose received by tribal members. This report provides a bibliography of recorded accounts that tribal researchers may use to verify their estimates. The bibliographic citations include references to information on the specific tribes, Columbia River plateau ethnobotany, infant feeding practices and milk consumption, nutritional studies and radiation, tribal economic and demographic characteristics (1940--1970), research methods, primary sources from the National Archives, regional archives, libraries, and museums.

A simple, sufficient, and consistent method to score the status of threats and demography of imperiled species

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Jacob W. Malcom

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Managers of large, complex wildlife conservation programs need information on the conservation status of each of many species to help strategically allocate limited resources. Oversimplifying status data, however, runs the risk of missing information essential to strategic allocation. Conservation status consists of two components, the status of threats a species faces and the species’ demographic status. Neither component alone is sufficient to characterize conservation status. Here we present a simple key for scoring threat and demographic changes for species using detailed information provided in free-form textual descriptions of conservation status. This key is easy to use (simple, captures the two components of conservation status without the cost of more detailed measures (sufficient, and can be applied by different personnel to any taxon (consistent. To evaluate the key’s utility, we performed two analyses. First, we scored the threat and demographic status of 37 species recently recommended for reclassification under the Endangered Species Act (ESA and 15 control species, then compared our scores to two metrics used for decision-making and reports to Congress. Second, we scored the threat and demographic status of all non-plant ESA-listed species from Florida (54 spp., and evaluated scoring repeatability for a subset of those. While the metrics reported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS are often consistent with our scores in the first analysis, the results highlight two problems with the oversimplified metrics. First, we show that both metrics can mask underlying demographic declines or threat increases; for example, ∼40% of species not recommended for reclassification had changes in threats or demography. Second, we show that neither metric is consistent with either threats or demography alone, but conflates the two. The second analysis illustrates how the scoring key can be applied to a substantial set of species to

Fear affects parental care, which predicts juvenile survival and exacerbates the total cost of fear on demography.

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Dudeck, Blair P; Clinchy, Michael; Allen, Marek C; Zanette, Liana Y

2018-01-01

Fear itself (perceived predation risk) can affect wildlife demography, but the cumulative impact of fear on population dynamics is not well understood. Parental care is arguably what most distinguishes birds and mammals from other taxa, yet only one experiment on wildlife has tested fear effects on parental food provisioning and the repercussions this has for the survival of dependent offspring, and only during early-stage care. We tested the effect of fear on late-stage parental care of mobile dependent offspring, by locating radio-tagged Song Sparrow fledglings and broadcasting predator or non-predator playbacks in their vicinity, measuring their parent's behavior and their own, and tracking the offspring's survival to independence. Fear significantly reduced late-stage parental care, and parental fearfulness (as indexed by their reduction in provisioning when hearing predators) significantly predicted their offspring's condition and survival. Combining results from this experiment with that on early-stage care, we project that fear itself is powerful enough to reduce late-stage survival by 24%, and cumulatively reduce the number of young reaching independence by more than half, 53%. Experiments in invertebrate and aquatic systems demonstrate that fear is commonly as important as direct killing in affecting prey demography, and we suggest focusing more on fear effects and on offspring survival will reveal the same for wildlife. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.

Research, Teaching Training in Demography: A Directory of Institutions in the ESCAP Region. Asian Population Studies Series No. 8, Supplement No. 3.

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United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok (Thailand).

This directory contains information on 39 institutions and 108 projects of research teaching and training in demography in Asia and the Pacific. Eight countries are represented: Australia, Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India, Iran, Japan, New Zealand, and Pakistan. The following information is given for each institution: name, address, person in charge,…

The implications of environmental variability on caribou demography: theoretical considerations

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James A. Schaefer

1991-10-01

Full Text Available Random environmental influences, such as snow cover, are widely regarded as an integral feature of caribou population dynamics. We conducted computer simulations to explore the ramifications of such stochastic variability for caribou demography. We devised 4 models with increasing levels of complexity: Model 1, density-independence under different levels of stochasticity and r; Model 2, non-linear effect of snow cover on r; Model 3, non-linear effect of snow cover on r and stochasticity as a function of population size; and Model 4, non-linear effect of snow cover on r, stochasticity as a funciton of population size, and density-dependence according to the logistic equation. The results of Model 1 indicated that nearly all caribou populations subject only to environmental vagaries experienced either extincition or irruption. Model 2 revealed that non-linear effect of snow cover depressed the realised r as a function of population size. Finally, Model 4 suggested long-term population as previously reported in literature, but with reduced chance of overshooting K under moderate to high environmental variability.

Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography

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Bost, Charles A.; Cotté, Cedric; Terray, Pascal; Barbraud, Christophe; Bon, Cécile; Delord, Karine; Gimenez, Olivier; Handrich, Yves; Naito, Yasuhiko; Guinet, Christophe; Weimerskirch, Henri

2015-10-01

Determining the links between the behavioural and population responses of wild species to environmental variations is critical for understanding the impact of climate variability on ecosystems. Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale climatic anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere affect the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a key marine predator, the king penguin. When large-scale subtropical dipole events occur simultaneously in both subtropical Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans, they generate tropical anomalies that shift the foraging zone southward. Consequently the distances that penguins foraged from the colony and their feeding depths increased and the population size decreased. This represents an example of a robust and fast impact of large-scale climatic anomalies affecting a marine predator through changes in its at-sea behaviour and demography, despite lack of information on prey availability. Our results highlight a possible behavioural mechanism through which climate variability may affect population processes.

Demography of a forest elephant population

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Turkalo, Andrea K.; Wrege, Peter H.

2018-01-01

African forest elephants face severe threats from illegal killing for ivory and bushmeat and habitat conversion. Due to their cryptic nature and inaccessible range, little information on the biology of this species has been collected despite its iconic status. Compiling individual based monitoring data collected over 20 years from the Dzanga Bai population in Central African Republic, we summarize sex and age specific survivorship and female age specific fecundity for a cohort of 1625 individually identified elephants. Annual mortality (average = 3.5%) and natality (average = 5.3%) were lower and markedly less variable relative to rates reported for savanna elephant populations. New individuals consistently entered the study system, leading to a 2.5% average annual increase in the registered population. Calf sex ratios among known birth did not differ from parity. A weak seasonal signal in births was detected suggesting increased conceptions during the wet season. Inter-calf intervals and age of primiparity were longer relative to savanna elephant populations. Within the population, females between the ages of 25–39 demonstrated the shortest inter-calf intervals and highest fecundity, and previous calf sex had no influence on the interval. Calf survivorship was high (97%) the first two years after birth and did not differ by sex. Male and female survival began to differ by the age of 13 years, and males demonstrated significantly lower survival relative to females by the age of 20. It is suspected these differences are driven by human selection for ivory. Forest elephants were found to have one of the longest generation times recorded for any species at 31 years. These data provide fundamental understanding of forest elephant demography, providing baseline data for projecting population status and trends. PMID:29447207

Reproductive efficiency and herd demography of Nguni cattle in village-owned and group-owned enterprises under low-input communal production systems.

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Tada, Obert; Muchenje, Voster; Dzama, Kennedy

2013-08-01

The objective of the study was to determine the herd demography and reproductive efficiency of the Nguni cattle in village-owned and group-owned enterprises under low-input communal production systems. Data on husbandry practices, reason of cattle entry/exist, herd structure, bulling rates, breeding females, age at first calving and calving interval were obtained from 22 village-owned and 19 group-owned enterprises in a cross-sectional survey of an ecologically controlled low-input cattle production system. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests of association were computed on enterprise ownership patterns, husbandry practices and herd demography. An AN(C)OVA was used to determine significant factors affecting herd structure, mortality, age at first calving and calving interval in the enterprises. Village-owned enterprises had higher (p 0.05). Significant differences were observed on the calving interval (p bulling rate was higher in village-owned enterprises, while the proportion of breeding females was higher in group-owned enterprises. Farmers with a college education had Nguni animals with the shortest calving interval. It was concluded that group-owned enterprises had significantly better calving intervals, mortality rates and overall herd structure than village-owned enterprises.

Growth and demography of the solitary scleractinian coral Leptopsammia pruvoti along a sea surface temperature gradient in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Erik Caroselli

Full Text Available The demographic traits of the solitary azooxanthellate scleractinian Leptopsammia pruvoti were determined in six populations on a sea surface temperature (SST gradient along the western Italian coasts. This is the first investigation of the growth and demography characteristics of an azooxanthellate scleractinian along a natural SST gradient. Growth rate was homogeneous across all populations, which spanned 7 degrees of latitude. Population age structures differed between populations, but none of the considered demographic parameters correlated with SST, indicating possible effects of local environmental conditions. Compared to another Mediterranean solitary scleractinian, Balanophyllia europaea, zooxanthellate and whose growth, demography and calcification have been studied in the same sites, L. pruvoti seems more tolerant to temperature increase. The higher tolerance of L. pruvoti, relative to B. europaea, may rely on the absence of symbionts, and thus the lack of an inhibition of host physiological processes by the heat-stressed zooxanthellae. However, the comparison between the two species must be taken cautiously, due to the likely temperature differences between the two sampling depths. Increasing research effort on determining the effects of temperature on the poorly studied azooxanthellate scleractinians may shed light on the possible species assemblage shifts that are likely to occur during the current century as a consequence of global climatic change.

Comparison of multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) demography in monoculture and mosaic agricultural habitat

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sluydts, Vincent; Davis, Stephen; Mercelis, Saskia

2009-01-01

. The multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is a major pest in rural areas throughout sub-Saharan Africa. It appears difficult to control since it has an opportunistic diet and the capacity for explosive population growth. We compared demographic rates between a population in an extensive maize monoculture...... in the mosaic compared to the monoculture. The probability of capture was higher in the mosaic structured grid for both the subadult and adult part of the population. The model selection procedure demonstrated that a model without an effect of habitat in both survival and seniority received most support from...... the data. No differences in the multimammate mouse demography between the monoculture and mosaic structured habitat were observed which had a substantial impact on population dynamics. This means that rodent management options in both agricultural systems could focus on the same aspects of rodent ecology....

Uncloaking a cryptic, threatened rail with molecular markers: origins, connectivity and demography of a recently-discovered population

Science.gov (United States)

Girard, Philippe; Takekawa, John Y.; Beissinger, Steven R.

2010-01-01

The threatened California Black Rail lives under dense marsh vegetation, is rarely observed, flies weakly and has a highly disjunct distribution. The largest population of rails is found in 8–10 large wetlands in San Francisco Bay (SF Bay), but a population was recently discovered in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (Foothills), within a wetland network comprised of over 200 small marshes. Using microsatellite and mitochondrial analyses, our objectives were to determine the origins, connectivity and demography of this recently-discovered population. Analyses of individuals from the Foothills (n = 31), SF Bay (n = 31), the Imperial Valley (n = 6) and the East Coast (n = 3), combined with rigorous power evaluations, provided valuable insights into past history and current dynamics of the species in Northern California that challenge conventional wisdom about the species. The Foothills and SF Bay populations have diverged strongly from the Imperial Valley population, even more strongly than from individuals of the East Coast subspecies. The data also suggest a historical presence of the species in the Foothills. The SF Bay and Foothills populations had similar estimated effective population size over the areas sampled and appeared linked by a strongly asymmetrical migration pattern, with a greater probability of movement from the Foothills to SF Bay than vice versa. Random mating was inferred in the Foothills, but local substructure among marshes and inbreeding were detected in SF Bay, suggesting different dispersal patterns within each location. The unexpected dimensions of Black Rail demography and population structure suggested by these analyses and their potential importance for management are discussed.

Molecular insights into the historic demography of bowhead whales: understanding the evolutionary basis of contemporary management practices

Science.gov (United States)

Phillips, C D; Hoffman, J I; George, J C; Suydam, R S; Huebinger, R M; Patton, J C; Bickham, J W

2013-01-01

Patterns of genetic variation observed within species reflect evolutionary histories that include signatures of past demography. Understanding the demographic component of species' history is fundamental to informed management because changes in effective population size affect response to environmental change and evolvability, the strength of genetic drift, and maintenance of genetic variability. Species experiencing anthropogenic population reductions provide valuable case studies for understanding the genetic response to demographic change because historic changes in the census size are often well documented. A classic example is the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, which experienced dramatic population depletion due to commercial whaling in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Consequently, we analyzed a large multi-marker dataset of bowhead whales using a variety of analytical methods, including extended Bayesian skyline analysis and approximate Bayesian computation, to characterize genetic signatures of both ancient and contemporary demographic histories. No genetic signature of recent population depletion was recovered through any analysis incorporating realistic mutation assumptions, probably due to the combined influences of long generation time, short bottleneck duration, and the magnitude of population depletion. In contrast, a robust signal of population expansion was detected around 70,000 years ago, followed by a population decline around 15,000 years ago. The timing of these events coincides to a historic glacial period and the onset of warming at the end of the last glacial maximum, respectively. By implication, climate driven long-term variation in Arctic Ocean productivity, rather than recent anthropogenic disturbance, appears to have been the primary driver of historic bowhead whale demography. PMID:23403722

Unraveling the effects of selection and demography on immune gene variation in free-ranging plains zebra (Equus quagga) populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Kamath, Pauline L; Getz, Wayne M

2012-01-01

Demography, migration and natural selection are predominant processes affecting the distribution of genetic variation among natural populations. Many studies use neutral genetic markers to make inferences about population history. However, the investigation of functional coding loci, which directly reflect fitness, is critical to our understanding of species' ecology and evolution. Immune genes, such as those of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), play an important role in pathogen recognition and provide a potent model system for studying selection. We contrasted diversity patterns of neutral data with MHC loci, ELA-DRA and -DQA, in two southern African plains zebra (Equus quagga) populations: Etosha National Park, Namibia, and Kruger National Park, South Africa. Results from neutrality tests, along with observations of elevated diversity and low differentiation across populations, supported previous genus-level evidence for balancing selection at these loci. Despite being low, MHC divergence across populations was significant and may be attributed to drift effects typical of geographically separated populations experiencing little to no gene flow, or alternatively to shifting allele frequency distributions driven by spatially variable and fluctuating pathogen communities. At the DRA, zebra exhibited geographic differentiation concordant with microsatellites and reduced levels of diversity in Etosha due to highly skewed allele frequencies that could not be explained by demography, suggestive of spatially heterogeneous selection and local adaptation. This study highlights the complexity in which selection affects immune gene diversity and warrants the need for further research on the ecological mechanisms shaping patterns of adaptive variation among natural populations.

Land use and demography survey for a large superfund site

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hattemer-Frey, H.A.; Quinlan, R.E.; Krieger, G.R.; Lau, V.

1994-01-01

Inconsistencies in the exposure assessment process often arise when risk assessors are forced to make assumptions about the frequency and duration of exposures in the absence of site-specific data. EPA encourages the collection of site-specific data so that risks can be more accurately assessed on a case-by-case basis. Typically, estimates of exposure frequency and duration represent the largest source of uncertainty for non-food related exposure pathways, while the largest source of uncertainty for foodchain pathways stems primarily from estimating the fraction ingested that originated from the affected area. A Land Use and Demography Survey was conducted to obtain site-specific information on: (1) the amount of time individuals spend indoors, outdoors, and on or near affected areas; (2) recreational use of surface water bodies on-site; (3) the percentage of food items consumed that were raised or produced locally; and (4) other behavioral patterns and activities that could influence their exposure to site-related chemicals. More than 300 households were randomly selected and the residents personally interviewed. A wide variety of individuals ranging from children to elderly residents with vastly different recreational, behavioral, and consumption patterns were interviewed. This paper discusses the survey results in relation to EPA standard default exposure assumptions

Matrix dimensions bias demographic inferences: implications for comparative plant demography.

Science.gov (United States)

Salguero-Gómez, Roberto; Plotkin, Joshua B

2010-12-01

While the wealth of projection matrices in plant demography permits comparative studies, variation in matrix dimensions complicates interspecific comparisons. Collapsing matrices to a common dimension may facilitate such comparisons but may also bias the inferred demographic parameters. Here we examine how matrix dimension affects inferred demographic elasticities and how different collapsing criteria perform. We analyzed 13 x 13 matrices representing nine plant species, collapsing these matrices (i) into even 7 x 7, 5 x 5, 4 x 4, and 3 x 3 matrices and (ii) into 5 x 5 matrices using different criteria. Stasis and fecundity elasticities increased when matrix dimension was reduced, whereas those of progression and retrogression decreased. We suggest a collapsing criterion that minimizes dissimilarities between the original- and collapsed-matrix elasticities and apply it to 66 plant species to study how life span and growth form influence the relationship between matrix dimension and elasticities. Our analysis demonstrates that (i) projection matrix dimension has significant effects on inferred demographic parameters, (ii) there are better-performing methods than previously suggested for standardizing matrix dimension, and (iii) herbaceous perennial projection matrices are particularly sensitive to changes in matrix dimensionality. For comparative demographic studies, we recommend normalizing matrices to a common dimension by collapsing higher classes and leaving the first few classes unaltered.

Application of demography to energy facility development projects. Working Paper No. 39

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krannich, R.S.; Stanfield, G.G.

1977-01-01

The emergence of concern regarding socioeconomic consequences of large-scale development projects has resulted in a growing literature directed as estimating the types and levels of various impact dimensions which can be expected to result in human communities experiencing such development. Among these dimensions, a focus on population change has been prevalent. Accurate demographic predictions may be viewed as critical for the adequate comprehension of and preparation for impacts deriving from projects such as energy facility developments. Unfortunately, the state of the art in projecting demographic consequences of energy projects has been generally inadequate. Several of the more influential prior methods for estimating local demographic effects of developing energy facilities are critiqued, although their specific prediction figures are not summarized. The studies reviewed were found to be of dubious practical utility, probably due in part to the failure of basic demography to provide a base of support for applied demographic research. This report sets forth recommendations for the development of a theoretical perspective which would more adequately serve the needs of practitioners attempting to predict local demographic effects of energy facility development

Unraveling the effects of selection and demography on immune gene variation in free-ranging plains zebra (Equus quagga populations.

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Pauline L Kamath

Full Text Available Demography, migration and natural selection are predominant processes affecting the distribution of genetic variation among natural populations. Many studies use neutral genetic markers to make inferences about population history. However, the investigation of functional coding loci, which directly reflect fitness, is critical to our understanding of species' ecology and evolution. Immune genes, such as those of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC, play an important role in pathogen recognition and provide a potent model system for studying selection. We contrasted diversity patterns of neutral data with MHC loci, ELA-DRA and -DQA, in two southern African plains zebra (Equus quagga populations: Etosha National Park, Namibia, and Kruger National Park, South Africa. Results from neutrality tests, along with observations of elevated diversity and low differentiation across populations, supported previous genus-level evidence for balancing selection at these loci. Despite being low, MHC divergence across populations was significant and may be attributed to drift effects typical of geographically separated populations experiencing little to no gene flow, or alternatively to shifting allele frequency distributions driven by spatially variable and fluctuating pathogen communities. At the DRA, zebra exhibited geographic differentiation concordant with microsatellites and reduced levels of diversity in Etosha due to highly skewed allele frequencies that could not be explained by demography, suggestive of spatially heterogeneous selection and local adaptation. This study highlights the complexity in which selection affects immune gene diversity and warrants the need for further research on the ecological mechanisms shaping patterns of adaptive variation among natural populations.

Disentangling the effects of demography and selection in human history.

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Stajich, Jason E; Hahn, Matthew W

2005-01-01

Demographic events affect all genes in a genome, whereas natural selection has only local effects. Using publicly available data from 151 loci sequenced in both European-American and African-American populations, we attempt to distinguish the effects of demography and selection. To analyze large sets of population genetic data such as this one, we introduce "Perlymorphism," a Unix-based suite of analysis tools. Our analyses show that the demographic histories of human populations can account for a large proportion of effects on the level and frequency of variation across the genome. The African-American population shows both a higher level of nucleotide diversity and more negative values of Tajima's D statistic than does a European-American population. Using coalescent simulations, we show that the significantly negative values of the D statistic in African-Americans and the positive values in European-Americans are well explained by relatively simple models of population admixture and bottleneck, respectively. Working within these nonequilibrium frameworks, we are still able to show deviations from neutral expectations at a number of loci, including ABO and TRPV6. In addition, we show that the frequency spectrum of mutations--corrected for levels of polymorphism--is correlated with recombination rate only in European-Americans. These results are consistent with repeated selective sweeps in non-African populations, in agreement with recent reports using microsatellite data.

King penguin demography since the last glaciation inferred from genome-wide data.

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Trucchi, Emiliano; Gratton, Paolo; Whittington, Jason D; Cristofari, Robin; Le Maho, Yvon; Stenseth, Nils Chr; Le Bohec, Céline

2014-07-22

How natural climate cycles, such as past glacial/interglacial patterns, have shaped species distributions at the high-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere is still largely unclear. Here, we show how the post-glacial warming following the Last Glacial Maximum (ca 18 000 years ago), allowed the (re)colonization of the fragmented sub-Antarctic habitat by an upper-level marine predator, the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus. Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and standard mitochondrial data, we tested the behaviour of subsets of anonymous nuclear loci in inferring past demography through coalescent-based and allele frequency spectrum analyses. Our results show that the king penguin population breeding on Crozet archipelago steeply increased in size, closely following the Holocene warming recorded in the Epica Dome C ice core. The following population growth can be explained by a threshold model in which the ecological requirements of this species (year-round ice-free habitat for breeding and access to a major source of food such as the Antarctic Polar Front) were met on Crozet soon after the Pleistocene/Holocene climatic transition. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

Demography-based adaptive network model reproduces the spatial organization of human linguistic groups

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Capitán, José A.; Manrubia, Susanna

2015-12-01

The distribution of human linguistic groups presents a number of interesting and nontrivial patterns. The distributions of the number of speakers per language and the area each group covers follow log-normal distributions, while population and area fulfill an allometric relationship. The topology of networks of spatial contacts between different linguistic groups has been recently characterized, showing atypical properties of the degree distribution and clustering, among others. Human demography, spatial conflicts, and the construction of networks of contacts between linguistic groups are mutually dependent processes. Here we introduce an adaptive network model that takes all of them into account and successfully reproduces, using only four model parameters, not only those features of linguistic groups already described in the literature, but also correlations between demographic and topological properties uncovered in this work. Besides their relevance when modeling and understanding processes related to human biogeography, our adaptive network model admits a number of generalizations that broaden its scope and make it suitable to represent interactions between agents based on population dynamics and competition for space.

Changing demography of Sri Lanka.

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De Silva, S

1986-06-01

The point to be made in this article about the changing demography of Sri Lanka is that demographic conditions (an older population and growth rate of 1.6) are favorable for economic growth. Planning for economic growth is demonstrated in discussing trends and their relationship to economic development rather than providing a macroeconomic analysis. The 1st demographic characteristic of importance is the age structure of the population, which identifies labor force potential, dependents, and those not economically active in order to calculate required social services. Consumer expenditure patterns are affected, as well as educational costs. The rapid mortality decline of the 1940's and the high fertility up to the 1960's created a broad based age structure that swelled student populations and labor force (unemployment). The 1980's is marked by 39% 15 years in 1981 versus 35% in 1971, and 6.4$ 60 years in 1981 versus 6.6% in 1971. Anticipated trends based on either 2.1, 2.5, or 2.9 children/mother indicate that the population structure would remain the same except for those 0-14 years. This amounts to 20-21.3 million by 2001 and 5.5-6.7 million 15 years. Economic planning is affected by the following age groups: preschoolers, school age children, working population, and old age population. A gradual decline in preschoolers would eventually lead to a 9% population versus a 13% in 2001. 23% of the current population of 5-14 year olds will decrease after 1996 with slow or medium growth to 19-21%. The next 2 decades will experience a swelling of the working age population from 9.56 million to 12.7 million, which was 15 years ago the total population figure. The rate change is from 58.2% to 60-63%. By 2001 the 60 year old population will be 9% (1.8 million) or equal to those 5 years. Attention, thus, needs to be paid to the equitability of distribution of services and improvement in quality rather than expansion. New jobs need to be created to prevent high unemployment

ALM-FATES: Using dynamic vegetation and demography to capture changes in forest carbon cycling and competition at the global scale

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Holm, J. A.; Knox, R. G.; Koven, C.; Riley, W. J.; Bisht, G.; Fisher, R.; Christoffersen, B. O.; Dietze, M.; Chambers, J. Q.

2017-12-01

The inclusion of dynamic vegetation demography in Earth System Models (ESMs) has been identified as a critical step in moving ESMs towards more realistic representations of plant ecology and the processes that govern climatically important fluxes of carbon, energy, and water. Successful application of dynamic vegetation models, and process-based approaches to simulate plant demography, succession, and response to disturbances without climate envelopes at the global scale is a challenging endeavor. We integrated demographic processes using the Functionally-Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) in the newly developed ACME Land Model (ALM). We then use an ALM-FATES globally gridded simulation for the first time to investigate plant functional type (PFT) distributions and dynamic turnover rates. Initial global simulations successfully include six interacting and competing PFTs (ranging from tropical to boreal, evergreen, deciduous, needleleaf and broadleaf); including more PFTs is planned. Global maps of net primary productivity, leaf area index, and total vegetation biomass by ALM-FATES matched patterns and values when compared to CLM4.5-BGC and MODIS estimates. We also present techniques for PFT parameterization based on the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn), field based turnover rates, improved PFT groupings based on trait-tradeoffs, and improved representation of multiple canopy positions. Finally, we applied the improved ALM-FATES model at a central Amazon tropical and western U.S. temperate sites and demonstrate improvements in predicted PFT size- and age-structure and regional distribution. Results from the Amazon tropical site investigate the ability and magnitude of a tropical forest to act as a carbon sink by 2100 with a doubling of CO2, while results from the temperate sites investigate the response of forest mortality with increasing droughts.

Experts correctly describe demography associated with historical decline of the endangered Indiana bat, but not recent period of stationarity

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Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Sanders-Reed, Carol A.; Szymanski, Jennifer; Pruitt, Lori; Runge, Michael C.

2017-01-01

Demographic characteristics of bats are often insufficiently described for modeling populations. In data poor situations, experts are often relied upon for characterizing ecological systems. In concert with the development of a matrix model describing Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) demography, we elicited estimates for parameterizing this model from 12 experts. We conducted this elicitation in two stages, requesting expert values for 12 demographic rates. These rates were adult and juvenile seasonal (winter, summer, fall) survival rates, pup survival in fall, and propensity and success at breeding. Experts were most in agreement about adult fall survival (3% Coefficient of Variation) and least in agreement about propensity of juveniles to breed (37% CV). The experts showed greater concordance for adult ( mean CV, adult = 6.2%) than for juvenile parameters ( mean CV, juvenile = 16.4%), and slightly more agreement for survival (mean CV, survival = 9.8%) compared to reproductive rates ( mean CV, reproduction = 15.1%). However, survival and reproduction were negatively and positively biased, respectively, relative to a stationary dynamic. Despite the species exhibiting near stationary dynamics for two decades prior to the onset of a potential extinction-causing agent, white-nose syndrome, expert estimates indicated a population decline of -11% per year (95% CI = -2%, -20%); quasi-extinction was predicted within a century ( mean = 61 years to QE, range = 32, 97) by 10 of the 12 experts. Were we to use these expert estimates in our modeling efforts, we would have errantly trained our models to a rapidly declining demography asymptomatic of recent demographic behavior. While experts are sometimes the only source of information, a clear understanding of the temporal and spatial context of the information being elicited is necessary to guard against wayward predictions.

A work bibliography on native food consumption, demography and lifestyle. Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project

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Murray, C.E.; Lee, W.J.

1992-12-01

The purpose of this report is to provide a bibliography for the Native American tribe participants in the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project to use. The HEDR Project`s primary objective is to estimate the radiation dose that individuals could have received as a result of emissions since 1944 from the US Department of Energy`s Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. Eight Native American tribes are responsible for estimating daily and seasonal consumption of traditional foods, demography, and other lifestyle factors that could have affected the radiation dose received by tribal members. This report provides a bibliography of recorded accounts that tribal researchers may use to verify their estimates. The bibliographic citations include references to information on the specific tribes, Columbia River plateau ethnobotany, infant feeding practices and milk consumption, nutritional studies and radiation, tribal economic and demographic characteristics (1940--1970), research methods, primary sources from the National Archives, regional archives, libraries, and museums.

Understanding variation in human fertility: what can we learn from evolutionary demography?

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Sear, Rebecca; Lawson, David W; Kaplan, Hillard; Shenk, Mary K

2016-04-19

Decades of research on human fertility has presented a clear picture of how fertility varies, including its dramatic decline over the last two centuries in most parts of the world. Why fertility varies, both between and within populations, is not nearly so well understood. Fertility is a complex phenomenon, partly physiologically and partly behaviourally determined, thus an interdisciplinary approach is required to understand it. Evolutionary demographers have focused on human fertility since the 1980s. The first wave of evolutionary demographic research made major theoretical and empirical advances, investigating variation in fertility primarily in terms of fitness maximization. Research focused particularly on variation within high-fertility populations and small-scale subsistence societies and also yielded a number of hypotheses for why fitness maximization seems to break down as fertility declines during the demographic transition. A second wave of evolutionary demography research on fertility is now underway, paying much more attention to the cultural and psychological mechanisms underpinning fertility. It is also engaging with the complex, multi-causal nature of fertility variation, and with understanding fertility in complex modern and transitioning societies. Here, we summarize the history of evolutionary demographic work on human fertility, describe the current state of the field, and suggest future directions. © 2016 The Author(s).

Climate and demography in early prehistory: using calibrated (14)C dates as population proxies.

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Riede, Felix

2009-04-01

Although difficult to estimate for prehistoric hunter-gatherer populations, demographic variables-population size, density, and the connectedness of demes-are critical for a better understanding of the processes of material culture change, especially in deep prehistory. Demography is the middle-range link between climatic changes and both biological and cultural evolutionary trajectories of human populations. Much of human material culture functions as a buffer against climatic changes, and the study of prehistoric population dynamics, estimated through changing frequencies of calibrated radiocarbon dates, therefore affords insights into how effectively such buffers operated and when they failed. In reviewing a number of case studies (Mesolithic Ireland, the origin of the Bromme culture, and the earliest late glacial human recolonization of southern Scandinavia), I suggest that a greater awareness of demographic processes, and in particular of demographic declines, provides many fresh insights into what structured the archaeological record. I argue that we cannot sideline climatic and environmental factors or extreme geophysical events in our reconstructions of prehistoric culture change. The implications of accepting demographic variability as a departure point for evaluating the archaeological record are discussed.

Demography and dog-human relationships of the dog population in Zimbabwean communal lands.

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Butler, J R; Bingham, J

2000-10-14

Dogs are Zimbabwe's primary vector for rabies, and the majority live in communal lands (traditional agropastoralist rural areas). In 1994, a household questionnaire survey was conducted to provide baseline data on the demography and dog-human relationships of the dogs in the communal lands. The survey showed that all the dogs were owned, and there was no evidence of a feral population. They were unrestricted and semi-dependent on people. The numbers of dogs per capita varied little in each communal land, resulting in higher dog densities in communal lands with higher human densities, and indicating that people were not intolerant of dogs at higher densities. The population turnover was rapid: the life expectancy of the dogs was 1.1 years, the mean age 2.0 years, and 71.8 per cent died in their first year. The population was heavily skewed towards juveniles, with 40.8 per cent aged less than 12 months. Despite the high juvenile mortality, the population was growing by 6.52 per cent per annum. It was estimated that in 1994 there were 1.36 million dogs in communal lands.

Demography of a breeding population of whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada

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Perz, Johanna

I used a GIS raster layer of an area in the Churchill, Manitoba region to investigate the effect of breeding habitat on demography and density of Whimbrel from 2010 through 2013. Program MARK was used to quantify adult and daily nest survival. Apparent annual survival of 0.73 +/- 0.06 SE (95% CI = 0.60-0.83) did not significantly differ between sexes or habitats and was lower than expected based on longevity records and estimates for other large-bodied shorebirds. Nest success, corrected for exposure days, was highly variable, ranging from a low of 3% (95% CI = 0-12%) in 2011 to a high of 71% (95% CI = 54-83%) in 2013. The highest rate of nest survival occurred in the spring with the warmest mean temperature. I developed a generalized linear model (GLM) with a negative-binomial distribution from random plots that were surveyed for abundance to extrapolate a local breeding population size of 410 +/- 230 SE and density of 3.2 birds per square km +/- 1.8 SE. The result of my study suggests that other aspects of habitat not captured by the land cover categories may be more important to population dynamics.

[Demography of Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermanni (Bryopsidales: Caulerpaceae) in the coastal zone of Campeche, México].

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Fuentes, Sergio Armando; Gallegos, Margarita E; Mandujano, María C

2014-06-01

Demography of Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermanni (Bryopsidales: Caulerpaceae) in the coastal zone of Campeche, México. The subaquatic vegetation of Los Petenes, Campeche, Mexico, stands out due to its considerable floristic diversity, composed of a great variety of sea grasses and several species of the genus Caulerpa sp. This is a genus of ecological relevance, with the invasive species in the Mediterranean, with negative impact on several native sub-aquatic plants; nevertheless, little is known about the demography and population dynamics of Caulerpa species and their contribution to food webs. Thus the main objective of this study was to describe the demographics of Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermanni, using the number of stolons, complete and incomplete fronds, the diameter of the stolons and the biomass. The information was used to determine the growth rate (lambda) of this species. The study was conducted in the Biosphere Reserve of Los Petenes, which is located in the Northwest of the state of Campeche. The submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Petenes Biosphere consists of monospecific and mixed populations of seagrass species (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme). Although chlorophytes, brown algae and red algae, are fundamental elements in the specific composition of the SAV in Petenes, several species of Caulerpa are prominent because of their coverage and abundance. In May and June of 2010, significant differences in the quantity of stolons, their diameter, incomplete and complete fronds, and the size of the stolons and rhizomes, were observed. In 2010, the finite population growth rate (lambda) was 2.38 +/- 0.1571 for individuals and 1.20 +/- 0.1356 for the population, and in 2011 the values of lambda were 1.80 +/- 0.3608 and 1.35 +/- 0.1571, respectively. From these results it can be concluded that the population is growing; however, growth is controlled by biotic and abiotic factors. Despite there was no apparent

Functional traits help predict post-disturbance demography of tropical trees.

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Flores, Olivier; Hérault, Bruno; Delcamp, Matthieu; Garnier, Éric; Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie

2014-01-01

How tropical tree species respond to disturbance is a central issue of forest ecology, conservation and resource management. We define a hierarchical model to investigate how functional traits measured in control plots relate to the population change rate and to demographic rates for recruitment and mortality after disturbance by logging operations. Population change and demographic rates were quantified on a 12-year period after disturbance and related to seven functional traits measured in control plots. The model was calibrated using a Bayesian Network approach on 53 species surveyed in permanent forest plots (37.5 ha) at Paracou in French Guiana. The network analysis allowed us to highlight both direct and indirect relationships among predictive variables. Overall, 89% of interspecific variability in the population change rate after disturbance were explained by the two demographic rates, the recruitment rate being the most explicative variable. Three direct drivers explained 45% of the variability in recruitment rates, including leaf phosphorus concentration, with a positive effect, and seed size and wood density with negative effects. Mortality rates were explained by interspecific variability in maximum diameter only (25%). Wood density, leaf nitrogen concentration, maximum diameter and seed size were not explained by variables in the analysis and thus appear as independent drivers of post-disturbance demography. Relationships between functional traits and demographic parameters were consistent with results found in undisturbed forests. Functional traits measured in control conditions can thus help predict the fate of tropical tree species after disturbance. Indirect relationships also suggest how different processes interact to mediate species demographic response.

COMADRE: a global data base of animal demography.

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Salguero-Gómez, Roberto; Jones, Owen R; Archer, C Ruth; Bein, Christoph; de Buhr, Hendrik; Farack, Claudia; Gottschalk, Fränce; Hartmann, Alexander; Henning, Anne; Hoppe, Gabriel; Römer, Gesa; Ruoff, Tara; Sommer, Veronika; Wille, Julia; Voigt, Jakob; Zeh, Stefan; Vieregg, Dirk; Buckley, Yvonne M; Che-Castaldo, Judy; Hodgson, David; Scheuerlein, Alexander; Caswell, Hal; Vaupel, James W

2016-03-01

The open-data scientific philosophy is being widely adopted and proving to promote considerable progress in ecology and evolution. Open-data global data bases now exist on animal migration, species distribution, conservation status, etc. However, a gap exists for data on population dynamics spanning the rich diversity of the animal kingdom world-wide. This information is fundamental to our understanding of the conditions that have shaped variation in animal life histories and their relationships with the environment, as well as the determinants of invasion and extinction. Matrix population models (MPMs) are among the most widely used demographic tools by animal ecologists. MPMs project population dynamics based on the reproduction, survival and development of individuals in a population over their life cycle. The outputs from MPMs have direct biological interpretations, facilitating comparisons among animal species as different as Caenorhabditis elegans, Loxodonta africana and Homo sapiens. Thousands of animal demographic records exist in the form of MPMs, but they are dispersed throughout the literature, rendering comparative analyses difficult. Here, we introduce the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database, an open-data online repository, which in its version 1.0.0 contains data on 345 species world-wide, from 402 studies with a total of 1625 population projection matrices. COMADRE also contains ancillary information (e.g. ecoregion, taxonomy, biogeography, etc.) that facilitates interpretation of the numerous demographic metrics that can be derived from its MPMs. We provide R code to some of these examples. We introduce the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database, a resource for animal demography. Its open-data nature, together with its ancillary information, will facilitate comparative analysis, as will the growing availability of databases focusing on other aspects of the rich animal diversity, and tools to query and combine them. Through future frequent updates of COMADRE, and

Demographic studies of Joshua trees in Mojave Desert National Parks: demography with emphasis on germination and recruitment

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Esque, T.C.; Reynolds, B.; DeFalco, L.A.; Waitman, B.A.; Hughson, Debra

2010-01-01

The study of population change with regard to reproduction, seed dispersal, and germination, establishment, growth, and survival/mortality is known as demography. Demographic studies provide managers with information to assess future trends on the density, distribution, health, and population changes of importance or value, including Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia). Demographic research provides the potential to understand the combined impacts of climate change and land-use practices and determine if strategies for protecting important species are likely to succeed or fall short of management goals and will identify factors that have the potential to de-stabilize populations outside the realm of natural variation so that management strategies can be developed to circumvent challenges for key species, processes, and ecosystems. The National Park Service and US Geological Survey are collaborating to collect demographic information about the demographics of Joshua tree in the Mojave Desert.

Oceanic, Latitudinal, and Sex-Specific Variation in Demography of a Tropical Deepwater Snapper across the Indo-Pacific Region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashley J. Williams

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Deepwater tropical fisheries provide an important source of income and protein to Pacific and Indian Ocean coastal communities who are highly dependent on fish for food security. The development of quantitative assessments and management strategies for these deepwater fisheries has been hindered by insufficient biological and fisheries data. We examine the age-specific demography of the pygmy ruby snapper Etelis carbunculus, an important target species in tropical deepwater fisheries, across 90° of longitude and 20° of latitude in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Our results show that growth of E. carbunculus varies significantly between oceans and sexes and across latitudes in both oceans. Estimates of natural and fishing mortality were similar between oceans, but higher for females than males in both oceans. Evidence of greater fishing pressure on females than males is likely due to the larger size-at-age of females compared to males, assuming that selectivity of the fishing gear is related directly to fish size. Sex ratios were significantly female biased in both oceans despite this species being gonochoristic, and maturity schedules were similar between sexes in the Pacific Ocean. This species exhibits a protracted spawning season from mid-spring to autumn (i.e., October to May in the Pacific Ocean. These results represent the first estimates of age-specific demographic parameters for E. carbunculus, and provide the foundation for the development of the first species-specific assessment models and harvest strategies for the species. Future stock assessment models for E. carbunculus should consider sex-specific demographic parameters and spatial variation in demography. Our results reveal substantial differences in biology between E. carbunculus and the giant ruby snapper E. sp., a cryptic congeneric species, and thus contribute to greater clarity in managing fisheries that are dependent on these two species. Furthermore, the improved

Confronting the stigma of eugenics: genetics, demography and the problems of population.

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Ramsden, Edmund

2009-12-01

Building upon the work of Thomas Gieryn and Erving Goffman, this paper will explore how the concepts of stigma and boundary work can be usefully applied to history of population science. Having been closely aligned to eugenics in the early 20th century, from the 1930s both demographers and geneticists began to establish a boundary between their own disciplines and eugenic ideology. The eugenics movement responded to this process of stigmatization. Through strategies defined by Goffman as 'disclosure' and 'concealment', stigma was managed, and a limited space for eugenics was retained in science and policy. Yet by the 1960s, a revitalized eugenics movement was bringing leading social and biological scientists together through the study of the genetic demography of characteristics such as intelligence. The success of this programme of 'stigma transformation' resulted from its ability to allow geneticists and demographers to conceive of eugenic improvement in ways that seemed consistent with the ideals of individuality, diversity and liberty. In doing so, it provided them with an alternative, and a challenge, to more radical and controversial programmes to realize an optimal genotype and population. The processes of stigma attribution and management are, however, ongoing, and since the rise of the nature-nurture controversy in the 1970s, the use of eugenics as a 'stigma symbol' has prevailed.

Climatic and biotic stochasticity: disparate causes of convergent demographies in rare, sympatric plants.

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Fox, Laurel R

2007-12-01

Species with known demographies may be used as proxies, or approximate models, to predict vital rates and ecological properties of target species that either have not been studied or are species for which data may be difficult to obtain. These extrapolations assume that model and target species with similar properties respond in the same ways to the same ecological factors, that they have similar population dynamics, and that the similarity of vital rates reflects analogous responses to the same factors. I used two rare, sympatric annual plants (sand gilia [Gilia tenuiflora arenaria] and Monterey spineflower [Chorizanthe pungens pungens]) to test these assumptions experimentally. The vital rates of these species are similar and strongly correlated with rainfall, and I added water and/or prevented herbivore access to experimental plots. Their survival and reproduction were driven by different, largely stochastic factors and processes: sand gilia by herbivory and Monterey spineflower by rainfall. Because the causal agents and processes generating similar demographic patterns were species specific, these results demonstrate, both theoretically and empirically, that it is critical to identify the ecological processes generating observed effects and that experimental manipulations are usually needed to determine causal mechanisms. Without such evidence to identify mechanisms, extrapolations among species may lead to counterproductive management and conservation practices.

Eugenics from the New Deal to the Great Society: genetics, demography and population quality.

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Ramsden, Edmund

2008-12-01

The relationship between biological and social scientists as regards the study of human traits and behavior has often been perceived in terms of mutual distrust, even antipathy. In the interwar period, population study seemed an area that might allow for closer relations between them-united as they were by a concern to improve the eugenic quality of populations. Yet these relations were in tension: by the early post-war era, social demographers were denigrating the contributions of biologists to the study of population problems as embodying the elitist ideology of eugenics. In response to this loss of credibility, the eugenics movement pursued a simultaneous program of withdrawal and expansion: its leaders helped focus concern with biological quality onto the developing field of medical genetics, while at the same moment, extended their scope to improving the social quality of populations through birth control policies, guided by demography. While this approach maintained boundaries between the social and the biological, in the 1960s, a revitalized American Eugenics Society helped reunite leading demographers and geneticists. This paper will assess the reasons for this period of influence for eugenics, and explore its implications for the social and biological study of human populations.

Associations between toddlers' and parents' BMI, in relation to family socio-demography: a cross-sectional study.

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Lindkvist, Marie; Ivarsson, Anneli; Silfverdal, Sven Arne; Eurenius, Eva

2015-12-17

It is well established that the pregnancy and the first years of life are important for future childhood health and body weight. Even though current evidence suggests that both parents are important for childhood health, the influence that parents' BMI and socio-demography has on toddlers' BMI has so far received little attention. This study aimed to increase our knowledge on the association between toddlers' and parents' BMI, in relation to family socio-demography. Further, the aim was to investigate the interaction between the mothers' and fathers' BMI in relation to their child's BMI. A total of 697 children with a median age of 18 months (range 16-24 months) participated in the study along with their mothers (n = 697) and fathers (n = 674). As regards representability, our parental sample had a lower proportion of immigrants and the parents were more gainfully employed compared to parents in the rest of Sweden (when the child was 18 months old). The parents completed a questionnaire on parental and child health. Data on parental weight, height, and socio-demographics were recorded along with the child's weight and height measured at an ordinary child health care visit. We used the thresholds for children's BMI that were recommended for surveillance by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health in 2012 based on the WHO reference population. Among the toddlers, 33 % had a BMI above the WHO 85(th) percentile and 14 % had a BMI above the WHO 95(th) percentile. The probability of a toddler having a BMI above the WHO 95(th) percentile was significantly increased if either the mother or father was overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)). Furthermore, we found a positive synergistic effect between the mother and father being overweight and their child having a BMI above the WHO 85(th) percentile. No associations were found between the toddlers' BMI and the family's socio-demographics, but there were associations between the parents' BMI and the family

Snowscape Ecology: Linking Snow Properties to Wildlife Movements and Demography

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Prugh, L.; Verbyla, D.; van de Kerk, M.; Mahoney, P.; Sivy, K. J.; Liston, G. E.; Nolin, A. W.

2017-12-01

Snow enshrouds up to one third of the global land mass annually and exerts a major influence on animals that reside in these "snowscapes," (landscapes covered in snow). Dynamic snowscapes may have especially strong effects in arctic and boreal regions where dry snow persists for much of the year. Changes in temperature and hydrology are transforming northern regions, with profound implications for wildlife that are not well understood. We report initial findings from a NASA ABoVE project examining effects of snow properties on Dall sheep (Ovis dalli dalli). We used the MODSCAG snow fraction product to map spring snowline elevations and snow-off dates from 2000-2015 throughout the global range of Dall sheep in Alaska and northwestern Canada. We found a negative effect of spring snow cover on Dall sheep recruitment that increased with latitude. Using meteorological data and a daily freeze/thaw status product derived from passive microwave remote sensing from 1983-2012, we found that sheep survival rates increased in years with higher temperatures, less winter precipitation, fewer spring freeze-thaw events, and more winter freeze-thaw events. To examine the effects of snow depth and density on sheep movements, we used location data from GPS-collared sheep and a snowpack evolution model (SnowModel). We found that sheep selected for shallow, fluffy snow at high elevations, but they selected for denser snow as depth increased. Our field measurements identified a critical snow density threshold of 329 (± 18 SE) kg/m3 to support the weight of Dall sheep. Thus, sheep may require areas of shallow, fluffy snow for foraging, while relying on hard-packed snow for winter travel. These findings highlight the importance of multiple snowscape properties on wildlife movements and demography. The integrated study of snow properties and ecological processes, which we call snowscape ecology, will greatly improve global change forecasting.

Demography of Dall's sheep in northwestern Alaska

Science.gov (United States)

Kleckner, Christopher; Udevitz, Mark S.; Adams, Layne G.; Shults, Brad S.

2003-01-01

largely from studies in central or southern Alaska and the southern Yukon. However, sheep in northwestern Alaska are at the northwestern extreme of their range and live in a less hospitable environment characterized by short growing seasons and long, severe winters. We expect patterns of productivity and survival for sheep in Noatak National Preserve to differ from the more southerly populations. To adequately manage sheep harvests in northwestern Alaska, we need a better understanding of sheep demography. Along with unbiased population estimates, understanding the dynamics of sheep populations in the region will allow population models to be developed that can provide focus for a useful dialog on management goals and strategies and facilitate a cooperative strategy for managing sheep harvests in northwestern Alaska.

Demography of a population collapse: the Northern Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus)

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Sherman, P.W.; Runge, M.C.

2002-01-01

We studied the demography of a population of Northern Idaho ground squirrels (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus) in Adams Co., Idaho. The population was completely censused yearly from 1987 to 1999, during which time it declined from 272 to 10 animals. The finite population growth rate, based on a Leslie matrix model of average life-history parameters, was only 0.72 (i.e., significantly conifers to encroach on inhabited meadows, shrinking them and closing dispersal routes. The proximate cause of the population's collapse was mortality of older breeding females, which reduced the mean age of breeders. Younger females had lower average pregnancy rates and litter sizes. To place our results in context we developed a new, general classification of anthropogenic population declines, based on whether they are caused by changes in the means of the life-history parameters (blatant disturbances), their variances (inappropriate variations), or the correlations among them (evolutionary traps). Many S. b. brunneus populations have disappeared in recent years, apparently due to blatant disturbances, especially loss of habitat and changes in food-plant composition, resulting in inadequate prehibernation nutrition and starvation overwinter. In addition, our study population may have been caught in an evolutionary trap, because the vegetational cues that could potentially enable the animals to adjust reproduction to the anticipated food supply no longer correlate with availability of fat-laden seeds.

The Role of Demography and Markets in Determining Deforestation Rates Near Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar

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Brooks, Christopher P.; Holmes, Christopher; Kramer, Karen; Barnett, Barry; Keitt, Timothy H.

2009-01-01

The highland forests of Madagascar are home to some of the world's most unique and diverse flora and fauna and to some of its poorest people. This juxtaposition of poverty and biodiversity is continually reinforced by rapid population growth, which results in increasing pressure on the remaining forest habitat in the highland region, and the biodiversity therein. Here we derive a mathematical expression for the subsistence of households to assess the role of markets and household demography on deforestation near Ranomafana National Park. In villages closest to urban rice markets, households were likely to clear less land than our model predicted, presumably because they were purchasing food at market. This effect was offset by the large number of migrant households who cleared significantly more land between 1989–2003 than did residents throughout the region. Deforestation by migrant households typically occurred after a mean time lag of 9 years. Analyses suggest that while local conservation efforts in Madagascar have been successful at reducing the footprint of individual households, large-scale conservation must rely on policies that can reduce the establishment of new households in remaining forested areas. PMID:19536282

Signals of forest degradation in the demography of common Asian amphibians

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Nancy E. Karraker

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background Lowland areas in tropical East and Southeast Asia have a long history of conversion from forestland to agricultural land, with many remaining forests being chronically degraded by wood cutting, livestock grazing, and burning. Wetland-breeding amphibians that have evolved in lowland forests in the region have adjusted to changes in habitat composition caused by humans’ activities, and populations continue to persist. However, we have little understanding of the impacts of forest disturbance on these species beyond assessments of abundance and distribution, and species considered to be common and widespread have been largely neglected. Methods We examined body condition and sex ratios of toads (Duttaphrynus melanostictus, predation risk in treefrogs (2 Polypedates spp., and growth and survival of leaf litter frogs (2 Microhyla spp. in agricultural land, degraded forest, and intact forest in two study areas, Thailand and Hong Kong. Results Toad populations exhibited higher body condition and female-biased sex ratios in intact forest. Predation of treefrog embryos by flies was lower in intact and degraded forests than in agricultural land. Embryonic survival and larval growth and survival in leaf litter frogs were lower in intact forests than in agricultural land. Results for each study were similar between study areas. Discussion For three of five of these common amphibian species, we documented signals of forest loss and disturbance in their populations. Although these species occur in disturbed habitats, loss of forest cover continues to degrade aspects of their population demography. We urge conservation biologists to consider that populations of species appearing to be common, widespread, and tolerant of human disturbance may be eroding over time.

The Phylogeography and Population Demography of the Yunnan Caecilian (Ichthyophis bannanicus: Massive Rivers as Barriers to Gene Flow.

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Hui Wang

Full Text Available Ichthyophis bannanicus is the only caecilian species in China. In this study, the phylogeography and population demography of I. bannanicus were explored, based on the mitochondrial DNA genes (cyt b and ND2 and 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Altogether 158 individuals were collected from five populations in Yunnan province, Guangxi province, Guangdong province, and Northern Vietnam. Phylogeographical and population structure analysis identified either two groups (Xishuangbanna, Northern Vietnam-Yulin-Yangchun-Deqing or three groups (Xishuangbanna, Northern Vietnam-Yulin-Yangchun, and Deqing, indicating that the Red River and Pearl River systems may have acted as gene-flow barriers for I. bannanicus. Historical population expansion that happened 15-17 Ka ago was detected for mtDNA data and was possibly triggered by warmer weather after the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the Bayesian simulations of population history based on microsatellite data pinpointed population decline in all populations since 19,123 to 1,029 years ago, demonstrating a significant influence of anthropogenic habitat alteration on I. bannanicus.

Mismatch between birth date and vegetation phenology slows the demography of roe deer.

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Floriane Plard

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Marked impacts of climate change on biodiversity have frequently been demonstrated, including temperature-related shifts in phenology and life-history traits. One potential major impact of climate change is the modification of synchronization between the phenology of different trophic levels. High phenotypic plasticity in laying date has allowed many bird species to track the increasingly early springs resulting from recent environmental change, but although changes in the timing of reproduction have been well studied in birds, these questions have only recently been addressed in mammals. To track peak resource availability, large herbivores like roe deer, with a widespread distribution across Europe, should also modify their life-history schedule in response to changes in vegetation phenology over time. In this study, we analysed the influence of climate change on the timing of roe deer births and the consequences for population demography and individual fitness. Our study provides a rare quantification of the demographic costs associated with the failure of a species to modify its phenology in response to a changing world. Given these fitness costs, the lack of response of roe deer birth dates to match the increasingly earlier onset of spring is in stark contrast with the marked phenotypic responses to climate change reported in many other mammals. We suggest that the lack of phenotypic plasticity in birth timing in roe deer is linked to its inability to track environmental cues of variation in resource availability for the timing of parturition.

Mismatch Between Birth Date and Vegetation Phenology Slows the Demography of Roe Deer

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Plard, Floriane; Gaillard, Jean-Michel; Coulson, Tim; Hewison, A. J. Mark; Delorme, Daniel; Warnant, Claude; Bonenfant, Christophe

2014-01-01

Marked impacts of climate change on biodiversity have frequently been demonstrated, including temperature-related shifts in phenology and life-history traits. One potential major impact of climate change is the modification of synchronization between the phenology of different trophic levels. High phenotypic plasticity in laying date has allowed many bird species to track the increasingly early springs resulting from recent environmental change, but although changes in the timing of reproduction have been well studied in birds, these questions have only recently been addressed in mammals. To track peak resource availability, large herbivores like roe deer, with a widespread distribution across Europe, should also modify their life-history schedule in response to changes in vegetation phenology over time. In this study, we analysed the influence of climate change on the timing of roe deer births and the consequences for population demography and individual fitness. Our study provides a rare quantification of the demographic costs associated with the failure of a species to modify its phenology in response to a changing world. Given these fitness costs, the lack of response of roe deer birth dates to match the increasingly earlier onset of spring is in stark contrast with the marked phenotypic responses to climate change reported in many other mammals. We suggest that the lack of phenotypic plasticity in birth timing in roe deer is linked to its inability to track environmental cues of variation in resource availability for the timing of parturition. PMID:24690936

Modelling the growth of Populus species using Ecosystem Demography (ED) model

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Wang, D.; Lebauer, D. S.; Feng, X.; Dietze, M. C.

2010-12-01

Hybrid poplar plantations are an important source being evaluated for biomass production. Effective management of such plantations requires adequate growth and yield models. The Ecosystem Demography model (ED) makes predictions about the large scales of interest in above- and belowground ecosystem structure and the fluxes of carbon and water from a description of the fine-scale physiological processes. In this study, we used a workflow management tool, the Predictive Ecophysiological Carbon flux Analyzer (PECAn), to integrate literature data, field measurement and the ED model to provide predictions of ecosystem functioning. Parameters for the ED ensemble runs were sampled from the posterior distribution of ecophysiological traits of Populus species compiled from the literature using a Bayesian meta-analysis approach. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the parameters which contribute the most to the uncertainties of the ED model output. Model emulation techniques were used to update parameter posterior distributions using field-observed data in northern Wisconsin hybrid poplar plantations. Model results were evaluated with 5-year field-observed data in a hybrid poplar plantation at New Franklin, MO. ED was then used to predict the spatial variability of poplar yield in the coterminous United States (United States minus Alaska and Hawaii). Sensitivity analysis showed that root respiration, dark respiration, growth respiration, stomatal slope and specific leaf area contribute the most to the uncertainty, which suggests that our field measurements and data collection should focus on these parameters. The ED model successfully captured the inter-annual and spatial variability of the yield of poplar. Analyses in progress with the ED model focus on evaluating the ecosystem services of short-rotation woody plantations, such as impacts on soil carbon storage, water use, and nutrient retention.

The demography of the lizard Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae in a highly seasonal Neotropical savanna

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Helga C. Wiederhecker

2003-01-01

Full Text Available The demography of a population of Tropidurus torquatus was studied from March 1996 until December 1998, in the Cerrado biome of the Central Brazil, using the method of capture and recapture. Population size, number of incoming individuals in the population, and age structure varied seasonally, reflecting the reproductive cycle of the species. The instantaneous rate of population increase did not differ from zero throughout the study. In general, the permanence rate of juveniles and adults were low, indicating a large turnover of individuals in the population, with a maximum life expectancy of three years. The sex-ratio among adults was biased toward females. Since no bias was observed among juveniles and there was no difference in adults permanence between sexes, we suggestet that the biased adult sex-ratio resulted from a lower permanence of males during a short ontogenetic period, when secondary sexual characteristics develop. When compared to T. itambere, the studied population of T. torquatus attained a higher density and a greater female bias in the sex-ratio. In general, the studied population presented characteristics that, according to life history theory, should be associated with early age at maturity and polyginy: short life expectancy, high population turnover, and female biased sex-ratios.

Interactions between social structure, demography, and transmission determine disease persistence in primates.

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Ryan, Sadie J; Jones, James H; Dobson, Andrew P

2013-01-01

Catastrophic declines in African great ape populations due to disease outbreaks have been reported in recent years, yet we rarely hear of similar disease impacts for the more solitary Asian great apes, or for smaller primates. We used an age-structured model of different primate social systems to illustrate that interactions between social structure and demography create 'dynamic constraints' on the pathogens that can establish and persist in primate host species with different social systems. We showed that this varies by disease transmission mode. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) require high rates of transmissibility to persist within a primate population. In particular, for a unimale social system, STIs require extremely high rates of transmissibility for persistence, and remain at extremely low prevalence in small primates, but this is less constrained in longer-lived, larger-bodied primates. In contrast, aerosol transmitted infections (ATIs) spread and persist at high prevalence in medium and large primates with moderate transmissibility;, establishment and persistence in small-bodied primates require higher relative rates of transmissibility. Intragroup contact structure - the social network - creates different constraints for different transmission modes, and our model underscores the importance of intragroup contacts on infection prior to intergroup movement in a structured population. When alpha males dominate sexual encounters, the resulting disease transmission dynamics differ from when social interactions are dominated by mother-infant grooming events, for example. This has important repercussions for pathogen spread across populations. Our framework reveals essential social and demographic characteristics of primates that predispose them to different disease risks that will be important for disease management and conservation planning for protected primate populations.

Demography of zooplankton (Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus rubens and Moina macrocopa) fed Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus cultured on different media.

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Morales-Ventura, Jesús; Nandini, S; Sarma, S S S; Castellanos-Páez, Maria Elena

2012-09-01

Generally zooplankton growth is often limited by the quality of their algal diet. A cheaper common practice in aquaculture, is to culture algae with fertilizers; however, the demography of zooplankton when fed these algae has not yet been evaluated. We studied the population growth and life table demography of the rotifers Anuraeopsis fissa and Brachionus rubens, and the cladoceran Moina macrocopa. For this, the algae Scenedesmus acutus or Chlorella vulgaris were cultured on defined (Bold's basal) medium or the commercial liquid fertilizer (Bayfolan). Experiments were conducted at one algal concentration 1.0 x 10(6) cells/mL of C. vulgaris or its equivalent dry weight of 0.5 x 10(6) cells/mL of S. acutus. The population dynamics were tested at 23 +/- 1 degrees C in 100 mL transparent jars, each with 50mL of the test medium, with an initial density of 0.5indiv/mL, for a total of 48 test jars (3 zooplankton 2 algal species x 2 culture media x 4 replicates). For the life table experiments with M. macrocopa, we introduced 10 neonates (vulgaris cultured in Bold medium. Regardless of the culture medium, Chlorella resulted in significantly higher gross and net reproductive rates for B. rubens than S. acutus diets. The reproductive rates of M. macrocopa were significantly higher in all the tested diets except when fed with S. acutus in Bold medium. The population increase rate, derived from growth experiments of A. fissa and B. rubens, ranged from 0.1-0.25/d and were significantly higher on C vulgaris cultured in liquid fertilizer as compared to the other diets. The growth rates of M. macrocopa ranged from 0.1 to 0.38/d, and were highest with diets of C. vulgaris cultured in Bold medium and S. acutus cultured in fertilizer. Thus, regardless of the culture medium used, the growth rates of the evaluated zooplankton species were higher with Chlorella than with Scenedesmus. The peak population density was highest (2 800ind/mL) for A. fissa fed Chlorella that was cultured on

Soviet theories of economic demography: a survey.

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Gregory, P

1983-06-01

At this time Soviet demographic scientists maintain the position that population problems may in fact exist temporarily under socialism but that the planning principle will allow society to resolve population problems, through the use of the administrative, moral, and economic levers (subsidies, government policies, propaganda, education) emphasized by Urlanis (1974) and others. For planners to deal effectively with population management, the determinants of fertility and labor force participation must be established. The foundations of Soviet theories of human capital and fertility were laid by several writers. For the sake of simplicity, these are referred to as the Urlanis-Strumilin model, named after 2 pioneer researchers in Soviet demography and manpower economics. The formulations are based upon the writings of Strumlin (1964) and Urlanis (1974), supplemented by writings of numerous other Soviet researchers. Although their models avoid neoclassical terms such as marginal utility and income and price elasticities, they clearly employ these concepts. The Urlanis-Strumilin model, reduced to its basic elements, is a direct household utility maximizing model. The husband and wife, the household decision makers, must select optimal levels of child "quantity," child "quality," leisure, their own human capital (further education and training), and other goods. The Soviet theory recognizes that an increase in household income will increase relatively the demands for income elastic goods. The model postulates that the demand for child quality is inversely related to the price of children. The price of children is the opportunity cost of children, the major element of which is the income foregone by the mother in the course of childbearing and childrearing. The child quantity demand schedule has elastic and inelastic portions. The marginal utility of the 1st child is great. The marginal utilities of higher order children decline substantially. Families with at least 1

Radiation oncology training in France: demography, analysis of motivations of the young specialists, evaluation of the training

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kantor, G.; Kantor, G.; Gerard, G.P.; Kantor, G.; Bey, P.; Huguet, F.; Toledano, A.; Lafond, C.; Quero, L.; Servagi, S.

2005-01-01

During the 5 past national courses organised by the French society of radiation oncology (SFRO), three different types of survey were performed to analyse demography, motivations and quality of training of the young specialists. During the 5 past years, 50 radiation oncologists were training for the whole country (about 15 per year were graduated). A recent increase the number of young specialists is observed with a total number of 50 in 2000 to 75 in 2005. Nevertheless, the number of young specialists is dramatically insufficient and exposes for the future to an important demographic crisis. Analysis of motivations of choice for radiation oncology confirms the influence of a practical stage of oncology during the second cycle of the medical studies for 60% of the young specialists. Analysis of practical and theoretical training was performed according to the point of view and living experiences of the students. On the other hand, informations from teachers were less complete. Some needs are emphasised as: 1) the quality of the follow during the training (importance of the recent implementation of a logbook); 2) importance of theoretical and practical training at the radiotherapy department: 3) help and incentive for research and scientific publication. (author)

Effects of attitudes and demography on public support for endangered species conservation.

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Liordos, Vasilios; Kontsiotis, Vasileios J; Anastasiadou, Magdalini; Karavasias, Efstathios

2017-10-01

It is critical for managers to understand how attitudes and demography affect public's preferences for species protection for designing successful conservation projects. 1080 adults in Greece were asked to rate pictures of 12 endangered species on aesthetic and negativistic attitudes, and intention to support their conservation. Factor analysis identified a group of animals for which respondents indicated high levels of support for their conservation (red deer, loggerhead sea turtle, brown bear, common pheasant, European ground squirrel, glossy ibis) and a group of animals for which respondents indicated low levels of support (black vulture, great white shark, fire-bellied toad, western barbastelle, Cretan tube web spider, Milos viper). The species that received the highest support were also rated as the most attractive and safest, excluding the fearsome brown bear. Structural models revealed that aesthetic, moralistic and negativistic attitudes were the stronger predictors of support. Aesthetic and moralistic attitudes were positively, and negativistic attitudes negatively, correlated with support for conservation in both groups. Consumptive users scored lower in aesthetics and were less supportive of protection in the high support group, while nonconsumptive users showed the opposite trend. Respondents residing in urban areas deemed animals of high support more attractive and less fearsome and were more supportive of conservation than rural residents in both groups. Females of higher education viewed animals of low support as fearsome, however they supported their conservation. Our study identified popular species that can be used as flagship species to facilitate the implementation of conservation projects. The results of this study could also be used to design a communication and outreach campaign to raise awareness about the ecosystem value of less attractive species. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Type 2 diabetes in young adults in Central Auckland: demography and complications.

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Beig, Junaid; Khanolkar, Manish; Cundy, Tim

2018-01-01

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in young adults is associated with a high risk of diabetes complications. To investigated the demography and the emergence of complications of young adults with T2D in the central Auckland region where there has been substantial immigration. In total, 310 young adults with T2D (Auckland Diabetes Centre in 2015. We documented demographic, anthropometric and metabolic variables and prevalence and the emergence of complications. Three demographic groups accounted for 243 participants (78%): 135 (44%) were migrants of Asian or Pacific Island origin, diagnosed a median 9 years after migration at a mean age of 28 ± 6 years; 88 (29%) were New Zealand-born Pāsifika descent, with a high prevalence of morbid obesity and 37 (12%) had major mental illness or intellectual disability. At diagnosis, the median HbA1c was 80 mmol/mol, and in 28%, it was ≥100 mmol/mol. A median 6 years after diagnosis, 56% had some degree of retinopathy, with the prevalence related both to the duration of diabetes and glycaemic control (P = 0.001). Forty-four percent of subjects had abnormal albuminuria at diagnosis (12% with macroalbuminuria). Increased albuminuria was strongly associated with obesity (P = 0.002). The development of CKD stages 4-5 was related both to the severity of retinopathy and degree of albuminuria at diagnosis (P = 0.0001). Major cardiovascular events were related to the severity of retinopathy at diagnosis (P = 0.0001). New migrants, New Zealand-born Pāsifika and patients with mental illness or an intellectual disability comprise the bulk of young onset T2D. The disease is aggressive, and by the age of 40, patients are already developing advanced complications. © 2017 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

Madeiran Arabidopsis thaliana reveals ancient long-range colonization and clarifies demography in Eurasia.

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Fulgione, Andrea; Koornneef, Maarten; Roux, Fabrice; Hermisson, Joachim; Hancock, Angela M

2017-12-05

The study of model organisms on islands may shed light on rare long-range dispersal events, uncover signatures of local evolutionary processes, and inform demographic inference on the mainland. Here, we sequenced the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana samples from the oceanic island of Madeira. These samples include the most diverged worldwide, likely a result of long isolation on the island. We infer that colonisation of Madeira happened between 70 and 85 kya, consistent with a propagule dispersal model (of size > =10), or with an ecological window of opportunity. This represents a clear example of a natural long-range dispersal event in A. thaliana. Long-term effective population size on the island, rather than the founder effect, had the greatest impact on levels of diversity, and rates of coalescence. Our results uncover a selective sweep signature on the ancestral haplotype of a known translocation in Eurasia, as well as the possible importance of the low phosphorous availability in volcanic soils, and altitude, in shaping early adaptations to the island conditions. Madeiran genomes, sheltered from the complexities of continental demography, help illuminate ancient demographic events in Eurasia. Our data support a model in which two separate lineages of A. thaliana, one originating in Africa and the other from the Caucasus expanded and met in Iberia, resulting in a secondary contact zone there. While previous studies inferred that the westward expansion of A. thaliana coincided with the spread of human agriculture, our results suggest it happened much earlier (20-40 kya). © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

Biological invasion by Myrica faya in Hawaii: Plant demography, nitrogen fixation, ecosystem effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vitousek, P.M.; Walker, L.R.

1989-01-01

Myrica faya, an introduced actinorhizal nitrogen fixer, in invading young volcanic sites in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. We examined the population biology of the invader and ecosystem-level consequences of its invasion in open-canopied forests resulting from volcanic cinder-fall. Although Myrica faya is nominally dioecious, both males and females produce large amounts of fruit that are utilized by a number of exotic and native birds, particularly the exotic Zosterops japonica. In areas of active colonization, Myrica seed rain under perch trees of the dominant native Metrosideros polymorpha ranged from 6 to 60 seeds m -2 yr -1 ; no seeds were captured in the open. Planted seeds of Myrica also germinated an established better under isolated individuals of Metrosideros than in the open. Diameter growth of Myrica is > 15-fold greater than that of Metrosideros, and the Myrica population is increasing rapidly. Rates of nitrogen fixation were measured using the acetylene reduction assay calibrated with 15 N. Myrica nodules reduced acetylene at between 5 and 20 μmol g -1 h -1 , a rate that extrapolated to nitrogen fixation of 18 kg ha -1 in a densely colonized site. By comparison, all native sources of nitrogen fixation summed to 0.2 kg ha -1 yr -1 , and precipitation added -1 yr -1 . Measurements of litter decomposition and nitrogen release, soil nitrogen mineralization, and plant growth in bioassays all demonstrated that nitrogen fixed by Myrica becomes available to other organisms as well. We conclude that biological invasion by Myrica faya alters ecosystem-level properties in this young volcanic area; at least in this case, the demography and physiology of one species controls characteristics of a whole ecosystem

The impacts of climate, land use, and demography on fires during the 21st century simulated by CLM-CN

Science.gov (United States)

Kloster, S.; Mahowald, N. M.; Randerson, J. T.; Lawrence, P. J.

2012-01-01

Landscape fires during the 21st century are expected to change in response to multiple agents of global change. Important controlling factors include climate controls on the length and intensity of the fire season, fuel availability, and fire management, which are already anthropogenically perturbed today and are predicted to change further in the future. An improved understanding of future fires will contribute to an improved ability to project future anthropogenic climate change, as changes in fire activity will in turn impact climate. In the present study we used a coupled-carbon-fire model to investigate how changes in climate, demography, and land use may alter fire emissions. We used climate projections following the SRES A1B scenario from two different climate models (ECHAM5/MPI-OM and CCSM) and changes in population. Land use and harvest rates were prescribed according to the RCP 45 scenario. In response to the combined effect of all these drivers, our model estimated, depending on our choice of climate projection, an increase in future (2075-2099) fire carbon emissions by 17 and 62% compared to present day (1985-2009). The largest increase in fire emissions was predicted for Southern Hemisphere South America for both climate projections. For Northern Hemisphere Africa, a region that contributed significantly to the global total fire carbon emissions, the response varied between a decrease and an increase depending on the climate projection. We disentangled the contribution of the single forcing factors to the overall response by conducting an additional set of simulations in which each factor was individually held constant at pre-industrial levels. The two different projections of future climate change evaluated in this study led to increases in global fire carbon emissions by 22% (CCSM) and 66% (ECHAM5/MPI-OM). The RCP 45 projection of harvest and land use led to a decrease in fire carbon emissions by -5%. The RCP 26 and RCP 60 harvest and landuse

Comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder in alcohol use disorder: relationships to demography, drinking and neuroimmune profile.

Science.gov (United States)

Neupane, Sudan Prasad; Bramness, Jørgen G; Lien, Lars

2017-08-29

This study examined how alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differed from those without PTSD in terms of demography, drinking patterns and C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokines, tryptophan metabolism parameters, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A consecutive sample (N = 187) of treatment-receiving AUD individuals were recruited from Nepalese facilities. They underwent fully structured psychiatric interviews. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 Receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)] were determined by a multiplex assay, kynurenine and tryptophan levels by high-performance liquid chromatography, and BDNF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of exposure to severe trauma and PTSD was 74% and 17%, respectively. PTSD comorbidity was not associated with age, gender, or socioeconomic status, but with co-occurring major depression, history of attempted suicide, earlier peak of drinking problems, higher drinking quantity and withdrawal symptoms, experiencing alcoholic blackouts, and drinking problems among parents. None of the assessed neuroimmune parameters was related to comorbid PTSD. The findings support routine trauma screening in AUD treatment samples and screening for risky drinking in trauma populations to help guide interventions. The expected aberrations in neuroimmune functioning may not be found when examined in a sample with multiple psychiatric morbidities.

A morphometric study of antral G-cell density in a sample of adult general population: comparison of three different methods and correlation with patient demography, helicobacter pylori infection, histomorphology and circulating gastrin levels

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petersson, Fredrik; Borch, Kurt; Rehfeld, Jens F

2008-01-01

whether these methods are intercorrelated and the relation of these methods to plasma gastrin concentrations, demography, the occurrence of H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis. Gastric antral mucosal biopsy sections from 273 adults (188 with and 85 without H pylori infection) from a general...... population sample were examined immunohistochemically for G-cells using cell counting, stereology (point counting) and computerized image analysis. Gastritis was scored according to the updated Sydney system. Basal plasma gastrin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The three methods for G...

Border Terriers under primary veterinary care in England: demography and disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Neill, Dan G; Darwent, Elisabeth C; Church, David B; Brodbelt, Dave C

2017-01-01

The Border Terrier is a working terrier type that is generally considered to be a relatively healthy and hardy breed. This study aimed to characterise the demography and common disorders of Border Terriers receiving veterinary care in England using de-identified electronic patient record data within the VetCompass™ Programme. Annual birth proportion for Border Terriers showed a decreasing trend from 1.46% in 2005 to 0.78% in 2014. The median adult bodyweight for males (10.9 kg, IQR: 9.6-12.3, range: 6.3-25.0) was higher than for females (9.1 kg, IQR: 8.2-10.3, range: 5.2-21.6) ( P  skin disorder (10.17%, 95% CI: 8.60-11.93).Syndromic analysis showed that the most prevalent body locations affected were the head-and-neck (37.75%, 95% CI: 35.14-40.43), abdomen (18.61%, 95% CI: 16.55-20.81) and limb (11.53%, 95% CI: 9.86-13.37). At least one organ system was affected in 834 (62.85%) Border Terriers. The most prevalent organ systems affected were the digestive (32.03%, 95% CI: 29.52-34.61), integument (26.68%, 95% CI: 24.31-29.14), connective/soft tissue (11.15%, 95% CI: 9.51-12.97) and auditory (9.87%, 95% CI: 8.32-11.60). At least one affected pathophysiological process was described in 881 (66.39%) Border Terriers. The most prevalent pathophysiologic processes recorded were inflammation (31.65%, 95% CI: 29.15-34.23), nutritional (9.04%, 95% CI: 7.55-10.72), mass/swelling (8.89%, 95% CI: 7.42-10.55), traumatic (7.99%, 95% CI: 6.59-9.58) and infectious (7.76%, 95% CI: 6.38-9.33). This study documented a trend towards reducing ownership and relatively long-livedness in the Border Terrier. The most common disorders were periodontal disease, overweight/obesity and otitis externa. Predisposition to dental and neurological disease was suggested. These results can provide a comprehensive evidence resource to support breed-based health plans that can contribute positively to reforms to improve health and welfare within the breed.

Comparative demography of two common scleractinian corals: Orbicella annularis and Porites astreoides

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Francisco J. Soto-Santiago

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Background Studies directed at understanding the demography and population dynamics of corals are relatively scarce. This limits our understanding of both the dynamics of coral populations and our capacity to develop management and conservation initiatives directed at conserving such ecosystems. Methods From 2012 to 2014, we collected data on the growth, survival, and recruitment rates of two common Caribbean coral species, the stress-tolerant Orbicella annularis and the weedy Porites astreoides. A set of size-based population matrix model was developed for two localities in Northeastern Puerto Rico and used to estimate population growth rates (λ and determine the life cycle transition(s that contribute the most to spatiotemporal differences in λs. The model was parameterized by following the fate of 100 colonies of each species at the two sites for two years. Results Our data indicate that spatial variability in vital rates of both species was higher than temporal variability. During the first year, populations of O. annularis exhibited λs below equilibrium at Carlos Rosario (0.817 and Palomino (0.694, followed by a considerable decline at both sites during the second year (0.700 and 0.667. Populations of P. astreoides showed higher λs than O. annularis during the first census period at Carlos Rosario (0.898 and Palomino (0.894 with a decline at one of the sites (0.681 and 0.893 during the second census period. Colony fate in both species exhibited a significant interaction with respect to location but not to time (G2 = 20.96; df = 3 for O. annularis and G2 = 9.55; df = 3 for P. astreoides. Discussion The similar variability of λs as well as the similar survival rates for both species during the two-year census period (2012–2014 show similar variability on demographic patterns in space and time. Our results suggest that location rather than time is important for the resiliency in coral colonies. Also, P. astreoides will show higher

Population Structure and Historical Demography of the Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in Taiwan

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Chu, Ta-Jen; Wang, Daryi; Lee, Ying-Chou; Tzeng, Tzong-Der

2015-01-01

The oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) is a non-obligatory amphidromous prawn, and it has a wide distribution covering almost the entire Taiwan. Mitochondrial DNA fragment sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA were combined and used to elucidate the population structure and historical demography of oriental river prawn in Taiwan. A total of 202 individuals from six reservoirs and three estuaries were separately collected. Nucleotide diversity (π) of all populations was 0.01217, with values ranging from 0.00188 (Shihmen Reservoir, SMR, northern Taiwan) to 0.01425 (Mingte Reservoir, MTR, west-central Taiwan). All 76 haplotypes were divided into 2 lineages: lineage A included individuals from all sampling areas except SMR, and lineage B included specimens from all sampling locations except Chengching Lake Reservoir (CLR) and Liyu Lake Reservoir (LLR). All F ST values among nine populations were significantly different except the one between Jhonggang River Estuary (JGE, west-central Taiwan) and Kaoping River Estuary (KPE, southern Taiwan). UPGMA tree of nine populations showed two main groups: the first group included the SMR and Tamsui River Estuary (TSE) (both located northern Taiwan), and the second one included the other seven populations (west-central, southern and eastern Taiwan). Demographic analyses implied a population expansion occurred during the recent history of the species. The dispersal route of this species might be from China to west-central and west-southern Taiwan, and then the part individuals belonging to lineage A and B dispersed southerly and northerly, respectively. And then part individuals in west-central Taiwan fell back to and stay at estuaries as the sea level rose about 18,000 years ago. PMID:26716687

A general population genetic framework for antagonistic selection that accounts for demography and recurrent mutation.

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Connallon, Tim; Clark, Andrew G

2012-04-01

Antagonistic selection--where alleles at a locus have opposing effects on male and female fitness ("sexual antagonism") or between components of fitness ("antagonistic pleiotropy")--might play an important role in maintaining population genetic variation and in driving phylogenetic and genomic patterns of sexual dimorphism and life-history evolution. While prior theory has thoroughly characterized the conditions necessary for antagonistic balancing selection to operate, we currently know little about the evolutionary interactions between antagonistic selection, recurrent mutation, and genetic drift, which should collectively shape empirical patterns of genetic variation. To fill this void, we developed and analyzed a series of population genetic models that simultaneously incorporate these processes. Our models identify two general properties of antagonistically selected loci. First, antagonistic selection inflates heterozygosity and fitness variance across a broad parameter range--a result that applies to alleles maintained by balancing selection and by recurrent mutation. Second, effective population size and genetic drift profoundly affect the statistical frequency distributions of antagonistically selected alleles. The "efficacy" of antagonistic selection (i.e., its tendency to dominate over genetic drift) is extremely weak relative to classical models, such as directional selection and overdominance. Alleles meeting traditional criteria for strong selection (N(e)s > 1, where N(e) is the effective population size, and s is a selection coefficient for a given sex or fitness component) may nevertheless evolve as if neutral. The effects of mutation and demography may generate population differences in overall levels of antagonistic fitness variation, as well as molecular population genetic signatures of balancing selection.

Mapping the Indonesian territory, based on pollution, social demography and geographical data, using self organizing feature map

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Hernawati, Kuswari; Insani, Nur; Bambang S. H., M.; Nur Hadi, W.; Sahid

2017-08-01

This research aims to mapping the 33 (thirty-three) provinces in Indonesia, based on the data on air, water and soil pollution, as well as social demography and geography data, into a clustered model. The method used in this study was unsupervised method that combines the basic concept of Kohonen or Self-Organizing Feature Maps (SOFM). The method is done by providing the design parameters for the model based on data related directly/ indirectly to pollution, which are the demographic and social data, pollution levels of air, water and soil, as well as the geographical situation of each province. The parameters used consists of 19 features/characteristics, including the human development index, the number of vehicles, the availability of the plant's water absorption and flood prevention, as well as geographic and demographic situation. The data used were secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Indonesia. The data are mapped into SOFM from a high-dimensional vector space into two-dimensional vector space according to the closeness of location in term of Euclidean distance. The resulting outputs are represented in clustered grouping. Thirty-three provinces are grouped into five clusters, where each cluster has different features/characteristics and level of pollution. The result can used to help the efforts on prevention and resolution of pollution problems on each cluster in an effective and efficient way.

Using demography and movement behavior to predict range expansion of the southern sea otter.

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Tinker, M.T.; Doak, D.F.; Estes, J.A.

2008-01-01

In addition to forecasting population growth, basic demographic data combined with movement data provide a means for predicting rates of range expansion. Quantitative models of range expansion have rarely been applied to large vertebrates, although such tools could be useful for restoration and management of many threatened but recovering populations. Using the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) as a case study, we utilized integro-difference equations in combination with a stage-structured projection matrix that incorporated spatial variation in dispersal and demography to make forecasts of population recovery and range recolonization. In addition to these basic predictions, we emphasize how to make these modeling predictions useful in a management context through the inclusion of parameter uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Our models resulted in hind-cast (1989–2003) predictions of net population growth and range expansion that closely matched observed patterns. We next made projections of future range expansion and population growth, incorporating uncertainty in all model parameters, and explored the sensitivity of model predictions to variation in spatially explicit survival and dispersal rates. The predicted rate of southward range expansion (median = 5.2 km/yr) was sensitive to both dispersal and survival rates; elasticity analysis indicated that changes in adult survival would have the greatest potential effect on the rate of range expansion, while perturbation analysis showed that variation in subadult dispersal contributed most to variance in model predictions. Variation in survival and dispersal of females at the south end of the range contributed most of the variance in predicted southward range expansion. Our approach provides guidance for the acquisition of further data and a means of forecasting the consequence of specific management actions. Similar methods could aid in the management of other recovering populations.

Mitochondrial DNA regionalism and historical demography in the extant populations of Chirocephalus kerkyrensis (Branchiopoda: Anostraca).

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Ketmaier, Valerio; Marrone, Federico; Alfonso, Giuseppe; Paulus, Kirsten; Wiemann, Annika; Tiedemann, Ralph; Mura, Graziella

2012-01-01

Mediterranean temporary water bodies are important reservoirs of biodiversity and host a unique assemblage of diapausing aquatic invertebrates. These environments are currently vanishing because of increasing human pressure. Chirocephalus kerkyrensis is a fairy shrimp typical of temporary water bodies in Mediterranean plain forests and has undergone a substantial decline in number of populations in recent years due to habitat loss. We assessed patterns of genetic connectivity and phylogeographic history in the seven extant populations of the species from Albania, Corfu Is. (Greece), Southern and Central Italy. We analyzed sequence variation at two mitochondrial DNA genes (Cytochrome Oxidase I and 16s rRNA) in all the known populations of C. kerkyrensis. We used multiple phylogenetic, phylogeographic and coalescence-based approaches to assess connectivity and historical demography across the whole distribution range of the species. C. kerkyrensis is genetically subdivided into three main mitochondrial lineages; two of them are geographically localized (Corfu Is. and Central Italy) and one encompasses a wide geographic area (Albania and Southern Italy). Most of the detected genetic variation (≈81%) is apportioned among the aforementioned lineages. Multiple analyses of mismatch distributions consistently supported both past demographic and spatial expansions with the former predating the latter; demographic expansions were consistently placed during interglacial warm phases of the Pleistocene while spatial expansions were restricted to cold periods. Coalescence methods revealed a scenario of past isolation with low levels of gene flow in line with what is already known for other co-distributed fairy shrimps and suggest drift as the prevailing force in promoting local divergence. We recommend that these evolutionary trajectories should be taken in proper consideration in any effort aimed at protecting Mediterranean temporary water bodies.

Impacts of Frequent Burning on Live Tree Carbon Biomass and Demography in Post-Harvest Regrowth Forest

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Luke Collins

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The management of forest ecosystems to increase carbon storage is a global concern. Fire frequency has the potential to shift considerably in the future. These shifts may alter demographic processes and growth of tree species, and consequently carbon storage in forests. Examination of the sensitivity of forest carbon to the potential upper and lower extremes of fire frequency will provide crucial insight into the magnitude of possible change in carbon stocks associated with shifts in fire frequency. This study examines how tree biomass and demography of a eucalypt forest regenerating after harvest is affected by two experimentally manipulated extremes in fire frequency (i.e., ~3 year fire intervals vs. unburnt sustained over a 23 year period. The rate of post-harvest biomass recovery of overstorey tree species, which constituted ~90% of total living tree biomass, was lower within frequently burnt plots than unburnt plots, resulting in approximately 20% lower biomass in frequently burnt plots by the end of the study. Significant differences in carbon biomass between the two extremes in frequency were only evident after >15–20 years of sustained treatment. Reduced growth rates and survivorship of smaller trees on the frequently burnt plots compared to unburnt plots appeared to be driving these patterns. The biomass of understorey trees, which constituted ~10% of total living tree biomass, was not affected by frequent burning. These findings suggest that future shifts toward more frequent fire will potentially result in considerable reductions in carbon sequestration across temperate forest ecosystems in Australia.

Demography of zooplankton (Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus rubens and Moina macrocopa fed Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus cultured on different media

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Jesús Morales-Ventura

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Generally zooplankton growth is often limited by the quality of their algal diet. A cheaper common practice in aquaculture, is to culture algae with fertilizers; however, the demography of zooplankton when fed these algae has not yet been evaluated. We studied the population growth and life table demography of the rotifers Anuraeopsis fissa and Brachionus rubens, and the cladoceran Moina macrocopa. For this, the algae Scenedesmus acutus or Chlorella vulgaris were cultured on defined (Bold’s basal medium or the commercial liquid fertilizer (Bayfolan. Experiments were conducted at one algal concentration 1.0x10(6cells/mL of C. vulgaris or its equivalent dry weight of 0.5x10(6cells/mL of S. acutus. The population dynamics were tested at 23±1ºC in 100mL transparent jars, each with 50mL of the test medium, with an initial density of 0.5indiv/mL, for a total of 48 test jars (3 zooplankton 2 algal species x 2 culture media x 4 replicates. For the life table experiments with M. macrocopa, we introduced 10 neonates (<24h old into each test jar containing the specific algal type and concentration. For the rotifer experiments, we set 5mL tubes with one neonate each and 10 replicates for each algal species and culture medium. We found that the average rotifer life span was not influenced by the diet, but for M. macrocopa fed S. acutus cultured in Bold’s medium, the average lifespan was significantly lower than with the other diets. The gross and net reproductive rates of A. fissa (ranging from 18-36 offspring per female were significantly higher for C. vulgaris cultured in Bold medium. Regardless of the culture medium, Chlorella resulted in significantly higher gross and net reproductive rates for B. rubens than S. acutus diets. The reproductive rates of M. macrocopa were significantly higher in all the tested diets except when fed with S. acutus in Bold medium. The population increase rate, derived from growth experiments of A. fissa and B. rubens

Population status, demography and habitat preferences of the threatened lipstick palm Cyrtostachys renda Blume in Kerumutan Reserve, Sumatra

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Widyatmoko, Didik; Burgman, Mark A.; Guhardja, Edi; Mogea, Johanis P.; Walujo, Eko B.; Setiadi, Dede

2005-09-01

Population status and demography of a population of the threatened lipstick palm Cyrtostachys renda in a peat swamp ecosystem of Kerumutan Reserve, Sumatra (one of the largest remaining populations) was documented at 16 different sites, covering a wide range of forest and habitat types, vegetation associations, and population sizes. Population sizes were dominated by suckers comprising 89% of the total population. Individuals with stem heights between 0 and 4 m (47.5%), stem diameters between 4 and 10 cm (82.0%), and leaf scar numbers between 0 and 60 (69.2%) dominated. Ages of individuals were estimated and used to fit a curvilinear relationship between age and stem height. Wild plants reach reproductive maturity within 25-30 years, or when they have stem heights in excess of 2.0 m, or when they have 15-25 leaf scars. They can survive more than 80 years. Cultivated plants appear to reproduce earlier and produce more seeds than wild plants. Individual growth was plant size-dependent with the adult stage being the most productive. Higher mortality was experienced by suckers, especially in continuously waterlogged conditions and locations with dense canopies. Sucker growth was faster than seedling growth, an adaptation that may allow the species to cope with periodically waterlogged conditions. Population abundances varied with habitat types; well-drained areas were the most suitable habitat. To conserve the most important remaining populations of the lipstick palm, it is crucial to protect well-drained sites in Kerumutan Reserve.

Demography of zooplankton (Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus rubens and Moina macrocopa fed Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus cultured on different media

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Jesús Morales-Ventura

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Generally zooplankton growth is often limited by the quality of their algal diet. A cheaper common practice in aquaculture, is to culture algae with fertilizers; however, the demography of zooplankton when fed these algae has not yet been evaluated. We studied the population growth and life table demography of the rotifers Anuraeopsis fissa and Brachionus rubens, and the cladoceran Moina macrocopa. For this, the algae Scenedesmus acutus or Chlorella vulgaris were cultured on defined (Bold’s basal medium or the commercial liquid fertilizer (Bayfolan. Experiments were conducted at one algal concentration 1.0x10(6cells/mL of C. vulgaris or its equivalent dry weight of 0.5x10(6cells/mL of S. acutus. The population dynamics were tested at 23±1ºC in 100mL transparent jars, each with 50mL of the test medium, with an initial density of 0.5indiv/mL, for a total of 48 test jars (3 zooplankton 2 algal species x 2 culture media x 4 replicates. For the life table experiments with M. macrocopa, we introduced 10 neonates (Generalmente el crecimiento del zooplancton está a menudo limitado por la calidad de su dieta de algas. La demografía del zooplancton durante la alimentación con algas no ha sido estudiada, a pesar de que el cultivo de algas con fertilizantes es una práctica económica común en acuacultura. Se analizó la demografía de Anuraeopsis fissa y Brachionus rubens (rotíferos y Moina macrocopa (cladóceros, alimentados con las algas verdes Scenedesmus acutus o Chlorella vulgaris cultivadas en medio Bold o fertilizante líquido comercial (Bayfolan, de Bayer. En los rotíferos no se observaron diferencias significativas en el promedio de vida, sin embargo, este parámetro en M. macrocopa con S. acutus cultivada en Medio Bold, fue significativamente menor que en otras dietas. Las tasas de reproducción bruta y neta de A. fissa fueron significativamente mayores con C. vulgaris cultivada en medio Bold, que con el fertilizante; estas tasas en B

Bayesian salamanders: analysing the demography of an underground population of the European plethodontid Speleomantes strinatii with state-space modelling

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Salvidio Sebastiano

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background It has been suggested that Plethodontid salamanders are excellent candidates for indicating ecosystem health. However, detailed, long-term data sets of their populations are rare, limiting our understanding of the demographic processes underlying their population fluctuations. Here we present a demographic analysis based on a 1996 - 2008 data set on an underground population of Speleomantes strinatii (Aellen in NW Italy. We utilised a Bayesian state-space approach allowing us to parameterise a stage-structured Lefkovitch model. We used all the available population data from annual temporary removal experiments to provide us with the baseline data on the numbers of juveniles, subadults and adult males and females present at any given time. Results Sampling the posterior chains of the converged state-space model gives us the likelihood distributions of the state-specific demographic rates and the associated uncertainty of these estimates. Analysing the resulting parameterised Lefkovitch matrices shows that the population growth is very close to 1, and that at population equilibrium we expect half of the individuals present to be adults of reproductive age which is what we also observe in the data. Elasticity analysis shows that adult survival is the key determinant for population growth. Conclusion This analysis demonstrates how an understanding of population demography can be gained from structured population data even in a case where following marked individuals over their whole lifespan is not practical.

Long-term effects of tetanus toxoid inoculation on the demography and life expectancy of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques.

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Kessler, Matthew J; Hernández Pacheco, Raisa; Rawlins, Richard G; Ruiz-Lambrides, Angelina; Delgado, Diana L; Sabat, Alberto M

2015-02-01

Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging population of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago prior to 1985 when the entire colony was given its first dose of tetanus toxoid. The immediate reduction in mortality that followed tetanus toxoid inoculation (TTI) has been documented, but the long-term demographic effects of eliminating tetanus infections have not. This study uses the Cayo Santiago demographic database to construct comparative life tables 12 years before, and 12 years after, TTI. Life tables and matrix projection models are used to test for differences in: (i) survival among all individuals as well as among social groups, (ii) long-term fitness of the population, (iii) age distribution, (iv) reproductive value, and (v) life expectancy. A retrospective life table response experiment (LTRE) was performed to determine which life cycle transition contributed most to observed changes in long-term fitness of the population post-TTI. Elimination of clinical tetanus infections through mass inoculation improved the health and well-being of the monkeys. It also profoundly affected the population by increasing survivorship and long-term fitness, decreasing the differences in survival rates among social groups, shifting the population's age distribution towards older individuals, and increasing reproductive value and life expectancy. These findings are significant because they demonstrate the long-term effects of eradicating a major cause of mortality at a single point in time on survival, reproduction, and overall demography of a naturalistic population of primates. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effects of an invasive grass on the demography of the Caribbean cactus Harrisia portoricensis: Implications for cacti conservation

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Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa; Meléndez-Ackerman, Elvia

2012-05-01

The impact of exotic species around the world is among the primary threats to the conservation and management of rare and endangered species. In this work we asked whether or not the presence of the African grass Megathyrsus maximus on Mona Island was associated with negative impacts on the demography of the endangered Caribbean cactus Harrisia portoricensis. To address this question we performed field observations where we compared demographic data collected at un-manipulated areas invaded by Megathyrsus with un-manipulated areas non-invaded by this exotic grass. Additionally, demographic data were also collected in areas in which we removed the exotic grass biomass using two alternative treatments: complete and partial grass removal. Results demonstrated that the presence of Megathyrsus has negative effects on demographic parameters of Harrisia at various stages throughout its life cycle. In general, the survival, growth, and reproduction of Harrisia plants were depressed under the presence of Megathyrsus. Growth and survival of seedlings and juveniles of Harrisia were more impacted by the presence of Megathyrsus than adult performance and seedling recruitment only occurred in areas with grass absence. Our combined results suggest that modifications of the micro-environment by the presence of Megathyrsus may add an additional level of vulnerability to the persistence of Harrisia, and as such this factor must be considered when designing conservation strategies for this endangered species. This study highlights the need for a greater emphasis on understanding the interactions between invasive grass species and native cacti, and the importance of such information in designing conservation strategies for cacti species elsewhere.

Population issues in economic planning: uses of demography in business.

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Graham, R J

1984-01-01

Economists use demography in planning and forecasting business needs. As a bank, Westpac uses the information for its own internal business purposes and to assess general economic trends. Externally, the bank is expected by government and the public to have some authoritative views on the state of the economy. To form these views, it is necessary to understand a very wide array of statistical indicators, including demographic statistics. The main population issues of concern are: size, location, and changes in the population of Australia as a whole and by State; labor force (including projections); age profile of Australia and by State. The major source for this information is the Australian Bureau of Statistics. More detailed patterns often emerge, particularly for individual States, from papers prepared by others. This information is used by Westpac in 3 main planning areas and 2 broad assessment areas: planning -- location of bank branches, products/services offered, and marketing of products/services; and assessment -- economic outlook (labor force, housing needs, demand for funds) and specific industries. Recently, Westpac restructured its organization to cater to the changing needs of customers and the changing geographic patterns of population spread. The bank now has 4 major groups: retail financial services for personal and commercial markets; corporate and international; management services; and group planning (includes economic department). To offer products that fit the market, the bank needs to know the characteristics of the population by age, spending patterns, lifestyle preferences, and investment needs. Within Australia, a relatively new service offered by most financial institutions, which is directly related to population issues, is a counseling service for retirees. Westpac has a product called Club 55, which is a package of services designed for persons who have retired or are planning to retire. Another clearly perceived community need is for

Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring

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Chelgren, Nathan D.; Pearl, Christopher A.; Bowerman, Jay; Adams, Michael J.

2007-01-01

From 2001 to 2005, we studied the demography and seasonal movement of Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) translocated into created ponds in Dilman Meadow in central Oregon. Our objectives were to inform future monitoring and management at the site, and to elucidate poorly known aspects of the species’ population ecology. Movement rates revealed complementary use of sites seasonally, with one small spring being preferred during winter that was rarely used during the rest of the year. Growth rates were significantly higher in ponds that were not used for breeding, and larger size resulted in significantly higher survival. When variation in survival by size was accounted for there was little variation among ponds in survival. Seasonal estimates of survival were lowest for males during the breeding/post-breeding redistribution period, suggesting a high cost of breeding for males. Overwintering survival for both genders was relatively high. Our study supports others in suggesting Oregon spotted frogs are specific in their overwintering habitat requirements, and that predator-free springs may be of particular value. We suggest that any future monitoring include measures of the rate of pond succession. Demographic monitoring should include metrics of both frog reproduction and survival: counts of egg masses at all ponds during spring, and capture-recapture study of survival in mid and late summer when capture rates are highest. Additional study of early life stages would be particularly useful to broaden our understanding of the species’ ecology. Specifically, adding intensive capture and marking effort after larval transformation in fall would enable a full understanding of the annual life cycle. Complete study of the annual life cycle is needed to isolate the life stages and mechanisms through which Oregon spotted frogs are affected by stressors such as nonnative predators. Dilman Meadow, which lacks many hypothesized stressors, is an important reference for

The Effects of Habitat Type and Volcanic Eruptions on the Breeding Demography of Icelandic Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus.

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Katrínardóttir, Borgný; Alves, José A; Sigurjónsdóttir, Hrefna; Hersteinsson, Páll; Gunnarsson, Tómas G

2015-01-01

Distinct preference of species for habitats is most often driven by long term differences in demographic rates between habitats. Estimating variation in those rates is key for developing successful conservation strategies. Stochastic events can interact with underlying variation in habitat quality in regulating demography but the opportunities to explore such interactions are rare. Whimbrels in Iceland show a strong preference for sparsely vegetated riverplains. Such habitats in Iceland face various threats, e.g., climate change, river regulation and spread of alien plant species. In this study we compared demographic parameters of breeding Whimbrels between riverplains and other habitats before, during and after volcanic eruption events to estimate the importance of the habitats for the species and the effect of ash deposit on breeding success. We found that an estimated minimum of 23% of the Icelandic population of Whimbrels and c. 10% of the world population of the species breed in riverplain habitats in Iceland. Whimbrels bred consistently at much higher densities in riverplain habitats than in other habitats and riverplains also had higher densities of pairs with fledglings although the proportion of successful breeders was similar between habitats. Predation by livestock may have had a considerable negative effect on breeding success on our study sites. Breeding was negatively affected by the volcanic activity, probably through the effects of ash on the invertebrate food supply, with breeding success being gradually worse closer to the eruption. Breeding success was equally affected by volcanism across habitats which differed in underlying habitat quality. This study gives an example of how populations can be regulated by factors which operate at different spatial scales, such as local variation in habitat quality and stochastic events which impact larger areas.

The carbon debt from Amazon forest degradation: integrating airborne lidar, field measurements, and an ecosystem demography model.

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Longo, M.; Keller, M. M.; dos-Santos, M. N.; Scaranello, M. A., Sr.; Pinagé, E. R.; Leitold, V.; Morton, D. C.

2016-12-01

Amazon deforestation has declined over the last decade, yet forest degradation from logging, fire, and fragmentation continue to impact forest carbon stocks and fluxes. The magnitude of this impact remains uncertain, and observation-based studies are often limited by short time intervals or small study areas. To better understand the long-term impact of forest degradation and recovery, we have been developing a framework that integrates field plot measurements and airborne lidar surveys into an individual- and process-based model (Ecosystem Demography model, ED). We modeled forest dynamics for three forest landscapes in the Amazon with diverse degradation histories: conventional and reduced-impact logging, logging and burning, and multiple burns. Based on the initialization with contemporary forest structure and composition, model results suggest that degraded forests rapidly recover (30 years) water and energy fluxes compared with old-growth, even at sites that were affected by multiple fires. However, degraded forests maintained different carbon stocks and fluxes even after 100 years without further disturbances, because of persistent differences in forest structure and composition. Recurrent disturbances may hinder the recovery of degraded forests. Simulations using a simple fire model entirely dependent on environmental controls indicate that the most degraded forests would take much longer to reach biomass typical of old-growth forests, because drier conditions near the ground make subsequent fires more intense and more recurrent. Fires in tropical forests are also closely related to nearby human activities; while results suggest an important feedback between fires and the microenvironment, additional work is needed to improve how the model represents the human impact on current and future fire regimes. Our study highlights that recovery of degraded forests may act as an important carbon sink, but efficient recovery depends on controlling future disturbances.

Evaluating within-population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal-limited species to climate change

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Muñoz, David J.; Miller Hesed, Kyle; Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Miller, David A.W.

2016-01-01

Multiple pathways exist for species to respond to changing climates. However, responses of dispersal-limited species will be more strongly tied to ability to adapt within existing populations as rates of environmental change will likely exceed movement rates. Here, we assess adaptive capacity in Plethodon cinereus, a dispersal-limited woodland salamander. We quantify plasticity in behavior and variation in demography to observed variation in environmental variables over a 5-year period. We found strong evidence that temperature and rainfall influence P. cinereus surface presence, indicating changes in climate are likely to affect seasonal activity patterns. We also found that warmer summer temperatures reduced individual growth rates into the autumn, which is likely to have negative demographic consequences. Reduced growth rates may delay reproductive maturity and lead to reductions in size-specific fecundity, potentially reducing population-level persistence. To better understand within-population variability in responses, we examined differences between two common color morphs. Previous evidence suggests that the color polymorphism may be linked to physiological differences in heat and moisture tolerance. We found only moderate support for morph-specific differences for the relationship between individual growth and temperature. Measuring environmental sensitivity to climatic variability is the first step in predicting species' responses to climate change. Our results suggest phenological shifts and changes in growth rates are likely responses under scenarios where further warming occurs, and we discuss possible adaptive strategies for resulting selective pressures.

Prevalence of intestinal parasites among captive Asian Elephants Elephas maximus: effect of season, host demography, and management systems in Tamil Nadu, India

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V. Vanitha

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Maintenance of wild animals in captivity is fraught with numerous challenges, including the control of disease. This study evaluates the effect of season, host demography (age-sex, and differing management systems on the prevalence of intestinal parasites among elephants managed in three captive systems: temple, private, and forest department, in Tamil Nadu. In addition, the study also assessed the availability of veterinary care for elephants in these systems. The parasitic prevalence was evaluated by direct microscopic identification of helminth eggs in faecal samples (n = 115 collected from different age/sex classes of elephants. Of the 115 elephants examined, 37% showed positive results, being infected only with Strongyles sp. The prevalence rate varied significantly across seasons, with the highest rate during summer (49% followed by monsoon (41% and the lowest rate during winter (15%. While males had a significantly lower parasite prevalence compared to females (29% vs. 40%, age classes showed no significant difference. Despite the fact that the proportion of animals receiving veterinary care was higher under the forest department system (100% compared to the private system (26%, parasite prevalence was significantly higher under the former (48% than the latter (31% system. The difference in the proportion of animals with parasitic prevalence among the three systems could be due to differing management practices (i.e. in solitary versus groups and the details are discussed.

Early Pleistocene lineages of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766 (Siluriformes: Ariidae, from the Atlantic coast of South America, with insights into the demography and biogeography of the species

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Wemerson C. da Silva

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Coastal and marine environments are characterized by a lack of evident physical barriers or geographic isolation, and it may be difficult to understand how divergence can arise and be sustained in marine environments. The identification of 'soft' barriers is a crucial step towards the understanding of gene flow in marine environments. The marine catfishes of the family Ariidae are a demersal group with restricted migratory behavior, no pelagic larval stages, and mechanisms of larval retention, representing a potentially useful model for the understanding of historical processes of allopatric speciation in the marine environment. In the present study, two lineages of the Coco sea catfish, Bagre bagre , were recognized from their complete segregation at both mitochondrial and morphological levels. One lineage is distributed between Venezuela and the northern coast of Brazil, including the semiarid northeast coast, while the second lineage is found on the eastern coast of Brazil, including the humid northeast coast. Based on distribution area, habitats preference, and genetic variability, inferences are made in relation to biogeography and demography of lineages in Atlantic coast of South America.

Effects of drought and prolonged winter on Townsend's ground squirrel demography in shrubsteppe habitats

Science.gov (United States)

Van Horne, Beatrice; Olson, Gail S.; Schooley, Robert L.; Corn, Janelle G.; Burnham, Kenneth P.

1997-01-01

in persistence and density and produced more young per female during the next active season following the drought (1993) than did ground squirrels in grassland habitat, where densities had been significantly higher prior to the drought and prolonged winter.Studies involving habitat comparisons of animal demography should always be placed in the context of long-term weather patterns, because habitat quality rankings based on density, reproduction, and survival may differ with environmental conditions. Physiological effects of environmental “crunches” on consumers may persist beyond the period of influence on food resources, reducing reproductive success and growth rates of future offspring.

The applicability of the South African census 2011 data for evidence-based urban planning

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Khuluse-Makhanya, Sibusisiwe

2016-06-01

Full Text Available us? , - Volume 17 (1) June 2016 Southern African Journal of Demography Southern African Journal of Demography Volume 17(1) June 2016 CONTENTS Estimation of Swaziland fertility: What do the methods tell.... Quantitative and qualitative articles that enhance knowledge of the demography and its interaction with population issues in the Southern Africa region are considered. Articles may cover pure demography (fertility, mortality and migration...

Influences of past climatic changes on historical population structure and demography of a cosmopolitan marine predator, the common dolphin (genus Delphinus).

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Amaral, Ana R; Beheregaray, Luciano B; Bilgmann, Kerstin; Freitas, Luís; Robertson, Kelly M; Sequeira, Marina; Stockin, Karen A; Coelho, M M; Möller, Luciana M

2012-10-01

Climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene have greatly influenced the distribution and connectivity of many organisms, leading to extinctions but also generating biodiversity. While the effects of such changes have been extensively studied in the terrestrial environment, studies focusing on the marine realm are still scarce. Here we used sequence data from one mitochondrial and five nuclear loci to assess the potential influence of Pleistocene climatic changes on the phylogeography and demographic history of a cosmopolitan marine predator, the common dolphin (genus Delphinus). Population samples representing the three major morphotypes of Delphinus were obtained from 10 oceanic regions. Our results suggest that short-beaked common dolphins are likely to have originated in the eastern Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Pleistocene and expanded into the Atlantic Ocean through the Indian Ocean. On the other hand, long-beaked common dolphins appear to have evolved more recently and independently in several oceans. Our results also suggest that short-beaked common dolphins had recurrent demographic expansions concomitant with changes in sea surface temperature during the Pleistocene and its associated increases in resource availability, which differed between the North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. By proposing how past environmental changes had an effect on the demography and speciation of a widely distributed marine mammal, we highlight the impacts that climate change may have on the distribution and abundance of marine predators and its ecological consequences for marine ecosystems. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Demography, types, outcome and relationship of surgically treated intracranial suppuration complicating chronic suppurative otitis media and bacterial rhinosinusitis

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Olufemi Emmanuel Idowu

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Surgically treated intracranial suppurations (ICS are uncommon, life-threatening neurosurgical emergencies. They can result from complication of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM and bacterial rhinosinusitis (BRS. The objective of this study was to know the frequency of BRS and CSOM and relate it to its rare complication of surgically treated ICS while also describing the demography, type and outcome of ICS that resulted from BRS and CSOM. Materials and Methods: All patients that presented to the Otorhinolaryngological department and Neurosurgical unit of the same institution with clinical and radiological features of CSOM, BRS, and ICS were prospectively studied over a 5-year period. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months. Results: Two thousand, two hundred and seventy-nine patients presented during the 5-year study period. Of all these patients, 1511 had CSOM (66.3% and 768 (33.7% presented with features of BRS. Eleven (0.73% had ICS complicating their CSOM while 8 (1.04% cases of surgically treated ICS followed BRS. Bacterial rhinosinusitis was not more likely to lead to ICS (P = 0.4348. The Odds ratio (OR of a child ≤ 18 years of age with CSOM developing ICS was 5.24 (95% Confidence interval 1.13-24.34; P = 0.0345, while it was 7.60 (95% Confidence interval 1.52-37.97; P = 0.0134 for children with BRS. Conclusions: The most common type of ICS complicating CSOM and BRS was brain abscess and subdural empyema, respectively. Children are more prone to develop surgical ICS following CSOM and BRS. The proportion of males that had ICS was higher in both CSOM and BRS patients. Optimal outcome is achieved in patients that presented with GCS of 13 and above.

The demography of Atelopus decline: Harlequin frog survival and abundance in central Panama prior to and during a disease outbreak

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Rebecca McCaffery

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Harlequin frogs (Bufonidae: Atelopus are a species-rich genus of Neotropical toads that have experienced disproportionately severe population declines and extinctions caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd. The genus Atelopus is of high conservation concern, but relatively little is known about the population dynamics and life history of the majority of species. We examined the demography of one population of Atelopus zeteki and two populations of A. varius in central Panama using three to six years of mark-recapture data collected prior to and during an outbreak of Bd. We estimated male survival probabilities prior to the arrival of Bd and sex-specific population sizes for these three populations using state-space Bayesian population models. Prior to the arrival of Bd, monthly apparent survival probabilities were higher for A. varius males than for A. zeteki males, and recaptures among years were low in both species. Abundance of both species varied over time and declined rapidly after the arrival of Bd. Male densities were generally greater than female densities, though female densities were higher or equivalent to males after the arrival of Bd. Estimates of survival and abundance over time may be explained by differences in the use of stream habitat by the two sexes and three populations, both during and between breeding seasons. These estimates provide key baseline population information that can be used to inform reintroductions from captive assurance colonies and studies of extant Atelopus populations as part of conservation and management programs.

Temporal variation in demography of the Chocoan River turtle, Rhinoclemmys nasuta (Geoemydidae), on Isla Palma, Malaga Bay, pacific coast of Valle del Cauca

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garces Restrepo, Mario Fernando; Giraldo, Alan; Carr, John L

2014-01-01

Few long-term demographic studies have been conducted in freshwater turtles of South America despite the need for this type of inquiry to investigate natural variation and strengthen conservation efforts for these species. In this study, we examined variation in demography of the Chocoan River turtle (Rhinoclemmys nasuta) based on a population from an island locality in the Colombian pacific region between 2005 and 2012. At this locality we captured turtles by hand in five streams with a total area of 0.4 ha. We calculated population size with the jolly-seber method and compared the population structure of four time periods (2005-06, 2007, 2011 and 2012). we calculated the probability of survival and capture probability for males, females and juveniles using the cormack jolly seber model and we estimated the rate of population growth with the Popan model. We found increases and decreases in population size, and a significant increase in the percentage of juveniles in 2011 and 2012. In all periods, females dominated the sex structure of the population. Temporal variation in population size may be due to natural changes in habitat or density dependent effects. However, it may correspond with normal fluctuations in population parameters, therefore continuous monitoring that can be correlated with environmental and physical factors of the habitat could elucidate the causes of the variation.

The impact of lianas on the carbon cycle of tropical forests: a modeling study using the Ecosystem Demography model

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di Porcia e Brugnera, M.; Longo, M.; Verbeek, H.

2017-12-01

Lianas are an important component of tropical forests, constituting up to 40% of the woody stems and about 35% of the woody species. Tropical forests have been experiencing large-scale structural changes, including an increase in liana abundance and biomass. This may eventually reduce the projected carbon sink of tropical forests. Despite their crucial role no single terrestrial ecosystem model has included lianas so far. Here, we present the very first implementation of lianas in the Ecosystem Demography model (ED2). ED2 is able to represent the competition for water and light between different vegetation types at the regional level. Our new implementation of ED2 is hence suitable to address important questions such as the impact of lianas on the tropical forest carbon balance. We validated the model against forest inventory and eddy covariance flux data at a dry seasonal site (Barro Colorado Island, Panama), and at a wet rainforest site (Paracou, French Guiana). The model was able to represent size structure and carbon accumulation rates. We also evaluated the impact of the unique allocation strategy of lianas on their competitive ability. Lianas invest only a small fraction of their carbon for structural tissues when compared to trees. As a result, lianas benefit from an extra amount of available carbon, however the trade-offs of low allocation on structural tissues are not yet well understood. We are currently investigating a number of hypotheses, including the possibility for lianas to have high turnover rates for leaves and fine roots, or to have high mortality rates due to the loss of structural support when trees die. As such our model allows us to get a better understanding of the role of lianas in the tropical forest carbon cycle.

A Multiproxy Approach to Unraveling Climate and Human Demography in the Peruvian Altiplano from a 5000 year Lake Sediment Core

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Vaught-Mijares, R. M.; Hillman, A. L.; Abbott, M. B.; Werne, J. P.; Arkush, E.

2017-12-01

Drought and flood events are thought to have shaped the ways in which Andean societies have adapted to life in the Titicaca Basin region, particularly with regard to land use practices and settlement patterns. This study examines a small lake in the region, Laguna Orurillo. Water isotopes suggest that the lake primarily loses water through evaporation, making it hydrologically sensitive. In 2015, a 3.4 m overlapping sediment record was collected and inspected for evidence of shallow water facies and erosional unconformities to reconstruct paleohydrology. Sediment core chronology was established using 7 AMS radiocarbon dates and 210Pb dating and indicates that the core spans 5000 years. Additional sediment core measurements include magnetic susceptibility, bulk density, organic/carbonate content, and XRD. Results show a pronounced change in sediment composition from brittle, angular salt deposits to massive calcareous silt and clay around 5000 years BP. Multiple transitions from clay to sand show potential lake level depressions at 1540, 2090, and 2230, yr BP that are supported by a drastic increase in carbonate composition from 2760-1600 yr BP. Additional shallow-water periods may be reflected in the presence of rip-up clasts from 4000 to 3000 yr BP. These early interpretations align well with existing hydrologic records from Lake Titicaca. In order to develop a more detailed climate and land use record, isotope analyses of authigenic carbonate minerals using δ13C and δ18O and leaf waxes using δD are being developed. Ultimately, this record will be linked with records from nearby Lagunas Arapa and Umayo. Additional proxies for human population such as fecal 5β-stanols and proximal anthropologic surveys will be synthesized to contribute to a regional understanding of Holocene climate variability and human demography in the Peruvian Altiplano.

The effect of migration on ages at vital events: a critique of family reconstitution in historical demography.

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Kasakoff, A B; Adams, J W

1995-09-01

study focuses on questioning the analytical units in historical demography and suggests closer study of migrants and the disaggregation of ages at vital events in the study of such complex processes as modernization.

Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA

Science.gov (United States)

Nosal, D.C.; Cartamil, D.C.; Long, J.W.; Luhrmann, M.; Wegner, N.C.; Graham, J.B.

2013-01-01

The demography, spatial distribution, and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon in La Jolla, California, USA, were investigated to resolve the causal explanations for this and similar shark aggregations. All sharks sampled from the aggregation site (n=140) were sexually mature and 97.1 % were female. Aerial photographs taken during tethered balloon surveys revealed high densities of milling sharks of up to 5470 sharks ha-1. Eight sharks were each tagged with a continuous acoustic transmitter and manually tracked without interruption for up to 48 h. Sharks exhibited strong site-fidelity and were generally confined to a divergence (shadow) zone of low wave energy, which results from wave refraction over the steep bathymetric contours of the submarine canyon. Within this divergence zone, the movements of sharks were strongly localized over the seismically active Rose Canyon Fault. Tracked sharks spent most of their time in shallow water (≤2 m for 71.0 % and ≤10 m for 95.9 % of time), with some dispersing to deeper (max: 53.9 m) and cooler (min: 12.7 °C) water after sunset, subsequently returning by sunrise. These findings suggest multiple functions of this aggregation and that the mechanism controlling its formation, maintenance, and dissolution is complex and rooted in the sharks' variable response to numerous confounding environmental factors.

[Population demography in Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) and Physalaemus biligonigerus (Anura: Leiuperidae) in agroecosystems in the province of Córdoba, Argentina].

Science.gov (United States)

Bionda, Clarisa; Lajmanovich, Rafael; Salas, Nancy; Martino, Adolfo; di Tada, Ismael

2013-09-01

The advancing agricultural frontier has led to an important loss of natural habitats, with significant consequences for biodiversity. The demography for two species of anurans, Physalaemus biligonigerus and Rhinella arenarum, both associated with agricultural systems in the central region of the C6rdoba Province, were analyzed and compared in this study. Four sites were sampled: three agroecosystems with different alteration degrees (C1, C2 and SM1) and a fourth site not cultivated (SM2). The sampling was conducted during two reproductive periods, from September 2008 to April 2009 and September 2009 to April 2010. Individuals were captured using live pitfall traps for the metamorphic, juveniles and adults; and visual encounter survey, for the capture of eggs and larvae. With the abundance data, the survival for each age class was estimated using the KNM method (Kiritani Nakasuki Manly). With survival rates and fertility population, Leslie matrices were elaborated to obtain a quantitative projection of the population size. Altered environments showed lower eggs and larvae survival. Population projections were favorable in the site SM2 and were less favorable and a tendency to extinction, in sites dominated by crops. This study showed that the agroecosystems of this region are possibly inhospitable environments for reproduction and survival of the species studied. The aquatic stages in the life cycle of both species would be the more affected, since water bodies deterioration is present or may occur in those areas. We can recognize species-specific effects of agricultural ecosystems; P. biligonigerus was the most affected species, possibly because of their life histories and habitat requirements. We suggested that environmental degradation caused by the cropland in the central region of Argentina would impact on the demographics of the anuran populations in the area.

Demography and behavior of polar bears summering on land in Alaska

Science.gov (United States)

Peacock, Lily

2014-01-01

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea population (SB) are spending increased time on the coastal North Slope of Alaska between July and October (Gleason and Rode 2010). The duration spent on land by polar bears, satellite collared on the sea-ice in the spring, during the summer and fall has also increased (USGS, unpublished data; Figure 1). This change in polar bear ecology has relevance for human-bear interactions, subsistence harvest, prevalence of defense kills, and disturbance associated with existing land-based development [e.g., National Petroleum Reserve of Alaska (NPRA), Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)], Native Alaskan communities, recreation (ANWR) and tourism (e.g., bear viewing in Kaktovik, AK). These activities have the potential to impact, in new ways, the status of the entire SB population. Concomitantly, the change in polar bear ecology will impact these human activities, and a base-line characterization of this phenomenon can better inform mitigation (e.g., industry permitting under the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act). In this study we aim to characterize the demography, habitat-use, and aspects of foraging ecology and health of polar bears spending fall on land. The SB population is characterized by a divergent-sea ice ecology, where polar bears typically spend most of the year on the sea-ice, even as the pack ice retreats northward, away from the coast, to its minimal extent in September (Amstrup et al. 2008; Durner et al. 2009). From 2000 – 2005, using coastal aerial surveys, Schliebe et al. (2008) observed between 3.7 and 8% of polar bears from SB (~ 60 – 120 of 1526, Regher et al. 2006) on land during the autumn. Sighting probability was not estimated in these surveys, and therefore the numbers represent minimum numbers of bears on land. Our analysis of USGS data suggest an annual average of 15% (± 3%, SE) of polar bears satellite-tagged on the spring-time sea ice (total n = 18 of 124

Population structure and historical demography of Dipteronia dyeriana (Sapindaceae), an extremely narrow palaeoendemic plant from China: implications for conservation in a biodiversity hot spot.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, C; Lu, R S; Zhu, S S; Tamaki, I; Qiu, Y X

2017-08-01

Inferring past demography is a central question in evolutionary and conservation biology. It is, however, sometimes challenging to disentangle their roles of contemporary versus historical processes in shaping the current patterns of genetic variation in endangered species. In this study, we used both chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) loci and nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) loci to assess the levels of genetic differentiation, genetic effective population size, contemporary/historical levels of gene flow and demographic history for five populations sampled across the range of Dipteronia dyeriana, an endangered palaeoendemism from Southwestern China. We found that D. dyeriana had a mixed pattern of moderate genetic diversity and high inbreeding. Bayesian clustering divided D. dyeriana populations into two nSSR genetic clusters. Coalescent-based approximate Bayesian computation analyses suggest the western and eastern groups of D. dyeriana likely persisted in a long-term refuge in Southern China since the beginning of the last glacial period, whereas increasingly colder and arid climates at the onset of the last glacial maximum might have fostered the fragmentation of D. dyeriana within refugia. Following their divergence, the western group kept relatively stable effective population size, whereas the eastern group had experienced 500-fold population expansion during the Holocene. Although clear loss of genetic diversity by human activities was not suggested, recent habitat fragmentation has led to a reduction of population connectivity and increased genetic differentiation by ongoing genetic drift in isolated populations, possibly owing to decreased population size in recent dozen years. Finally, we discussed the implications of these results on conservation policies.

Technical note: A hydrological routing scheme for the Ecosystem Demography model (ED2+R tested in the Tapajós River basin in the Brazilian Amazon

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F. F. Pereira

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Land surface models are excellent tools for studying how climate change and land use affect surface hydrology. However, in order to assess the impacts of Earth processes on river flows, simulated changes in runoff need to be routed through the landscape. In this technical note, we describe the integration of the Ecosystem Demography (ED2 model with a hydrological routing scheme. The purpose of the study was to create a tool capable of incorporating to hydrological predictions the terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate, carbon dioxide, and land-use change, as simulated with terrestrial biosphere models. The resulting ED2+R model calculates the lateral routing of surface and subsurface runoff resulting from the terrestrial biosphere models' vertical water balance in order to determine spatiotemporal patterns of river flows within the simulated region. We evaluated the ED2+R model in the Tapajós, a 476 674 km2 river basin in the southeastern Amazon, Brazil. The results showed that the integration of ED2 with the lateral routing scheme results in an adequate representation (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency up to 0.76, Kling–Gupta efficiency up to 0.86, Pearson's R up to 0.88, and volume ratio up to 1.06 of daily to decadal river flow dynamics in the Tapajós. These results are a consistent step forward with respect to the no river representation common among terrestrial biosphere models, such as the initial version of ED2.

Demography as Destiny?

Science.gov (United States)

Ladner, Matthew; Lips, Dan

2009-01-01

A major debate among education reformers over how best to reduce the achievement gap broke out during the 2008 presidential campaign. Most advocates on both sides backed Barack Obama, but they urged him to pursue different policies. The Education Equality Project (EEP) supported a continuation of accountability and other school-focused reforms.…

Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Neill, Dan G; Baral, Lauren; Church, David B; Brodbelt, Dave C; Packer, Rowena M A

2018-01-01

Despite its Gallic name, the French Bulldog is a breed of both British and French origin that was first recognised by The Kennel Club in 1906. The French Bulldog has demonstrated recent rapid rises in Kennel Club registrations and is now (2017) the second most commonly registered pedigree breed in the UK. However, the breed has been reported to be predisposed to several disorders including ocular, respiratory, neurological and dermatological problems. The VetCompass™ Programme collates de-identified clinical data from primary-care veterinary practices in the UK for epidemiological research. Using VetCompass™ clinical data, this study aimed to characterise the demography and common disorders of the general population of French Bulldogs under veterinary care in the UK. French Bulldogs comprised 2228 (0.49%) of 445,557 study dogs under veterinary care during 2013. Annual proportional birth rates showed that the proportional ownership of French Bulldog puppies rose steeply from 0.02% of the annual birth cohort attending VetCompass™ practices in 2003 to 1.46% in 2013. The median age of the French Bulldogs overall was 1.3 years (IQR 0.6-2.5, range 0.0-13.0). The most common colours of French Bulldogs were brindle (solid or main) (32.36%) and fawn (solid or main) (29.9%). Of the 2228 French Bulldogs under veterinary care during 2013, 1612 (72.4%) had at least one disorder recorded. The most prevalent fine-level precision disorders recorded were otitis externa (14.0%, 95% CI: 12.6-15.5), diarrhoea (7.5%, 95% CI: 6.4-8.7), conjunctivitis (3.2%, 95% CI: 2.5-4.0), nails overlong (3.1%, 95% CI% 2.4-3.9) and skin fold dermatitis (3.0%, 95% CI% 2.3-3.8). The most prevalent disorder groups were cutaneous (17.9%, 95% CI: 16.3-19.6), enteropathy (16.7%, 95% CI: 15.2-18.3), aural (16.3%, 95% CI: 14.8-17.9), upper respiratory tract (12.7%, 95% CI: 11.3-14.1) and ophthalmological (10.5%, 95% CI: 9.3-11.9). Ownership of French Bulldogs in the UK is rising steeply. This means

Dojížďkový přístup k vymezení městského, příměstského a venkovského obyvatelstva v České republice

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vobecká, Jana

2009-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 1 (2009), s. 14-23 ISSN 0011-8265 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280802 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : commuting * demography * countryside Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

76 FR 11195 - Request for Nominations of Members To Serve on the Census Scientific Advisory Committee

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-01

... technical expertise from the following disciplines: demography, economics, geography, psychology, statistics... Advisory Committee are essential for sustained Advisory Committee membership as well as submission of... must have scientific and technical expertise in such areas as demography, economics, geography...

Demographic and Subsistence Change in a Complex Fisher-Forager Village: Evidence from Housepit 54, Bridge River Site, British Columbia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Prentiss, Anne Marie; Walsh, Matthew

2016-01-01

Paper presented in the symposium “Understanding Change in Prehistoric Demography and Subsistence” at World Archaeological Congress 8, Kyoto, Japan.......Paper presented in the symposium “Understanding Change in Prehistoric Demography and Subsistence” at World Archaeological Congress 8, Kyoto, Japan....

Direct and indirect effects of climate on demography and early growth of Pinus sylvestris at the rear edge: changing roles of biotic and abiotic factors.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Benavides

Full Text Available Global change triggers shifts in forest composition, with warming and aridification being particularly threatening for the populations located at the rear edge of the species distributions. This is the case of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris in the Mediterranean Basin where uncertainties in relation to its dynamics under these changing scenarios are still high. We analysed the relative effect of climate on the recruitment patterns of Scots pine and its interactions with local biotic and abiotic variables at different spatial scales. Number of seedlings and saplings was surveyed, and their annual shoot growth measured in 96 plots located across altitudinal gradients in three different regions in the Iberian Peninsula. We found a significant influence of climate on demography and performance of recruits, with a non-linear effect of temperature on the presence of juveniles, and a positive effect of precipitation on their survival. Abundance of juveniles of P. sylvestris that underwent their first summer drought was skewed towards higher altitudes than the altitudinal mean range of the conspecific adults and the optimum elevation for seedlings' emergence. At local level, light availability did not influence juveniles' density, but it enhanced their growth. Biotic interactions were found between juveniles and the herb cover (competition and between the number of newly emerged seedlings and shrubs (facilitation. Results also highlighted the indirect effect that climate exerts over the local factors, modulating the interactions with the pre-existing vegetation that were more evident at more stressful sites. This multiscale approach improves our understanding of the dynamics of these marginal populations and some management criteria can be inferred to boost their conservation under the current global warming.

Direct and indirect effects of climate on demography and early growth of Pinus sylvestris at the rear edge: changing roles of biotic and abiotic factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Benavides, Raquel; Rabasa, Sonia G; Granda, Elena; Escudero, Adrián; Hódar, José A; Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi; Rincón, Ana M; Zamora, Regino; Valladares, Fernando

2013-01-01

Global change triggers shifts in forest composition, with warming and aridification being particularly threatening for the populations located at the rear edge of the species distributions. This is the case of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the Mediterranean Basin where uncertainties in relation to its dynamics under these changing scenarios are still high. We analysed the relative effect of climate on the recruitment patterns of Scots pine and its interactions with local biotic and abiotic variables at different spatial scales. Number of seedlings and saplings was surveyed, and their annual shoot growth measured in 96 plots located across altitudinal gradients in three different regions in the Iberian Peninsula. We found a significant influence of climate on demography and performance of recruits, with a non-linear effect of temperature on the presence of juveniles, and a positive effect of precipitation on their survival. Abundance of juveniles of P. sylvestris that underwent their first summer drought was skewed towards higher altitudes than the altitudinal mean range of the conspecific adults and the optimum elevation for seedlings' emergence. At local level, light availability did not influence juveniles' density, but it enhanced their growth. Biotic interactions were found between juveniles and the herb cover (competition) and between the number of newly emerged seedlings and shrubs (facilitation). Results also highlighted the indirect effect that climate exerts over the local factors, modulating the interactions with the pre-existing vegetation that were more evident at more stressful sites. This multiscale approach improves our understanding of the dynamics of these marginal populations and some management criteria can be inferred to boost their conservation under the current global warming.

Predicted Water and Carbon Fluxes as well as Vegetation Distribution on the Korean Peninsula in the Future with the Ecosystem Demography Model version 2

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, J. B.; Kim, Y.

2017-12-01

This study investigates how the water and carbon fluxes as well as vegetation distribution on the Korean peninsula would vary with climate change. Ecosystem Demography (ED) Model version 2 (ED2) is used in this study, which is an integrated terrestrial biosphere model that can utilize a set of size- and age- structured partial differential equations that track the changing structure and composition of the plant canopy. With using the vegetation distribution data of Jeju Island, located at the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, ED2 is setup and driven for the past 10 years. Then the results of ED2 are evaluated and adjusted with observed forestry data, i.e., growth and mortality, and the flux tower and MODIS satellite data, i.e., evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP). This adjusted ED2 are used to simulate the water and carbon fluxes as well as vegetation dynamics in the Korean Peninsula for the historical period with evaluating the model against the MODIS satellite data. Finally, the climate scenarios of RCP 2.6 and 6.0 are used to predict the fluxes and vegetation distribution of the Korean Peninsula in the future. With using the state-of-art terrestrial ecosystem model, this study would provide us better understanding of the future ecosystem vulnerability of the Korean Peninsula. AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2015R1C1A2A01054800) and by the Korea Meteorological Administration R&D Program under Grant KMIPA 2015-6180. This work was also supported by the Yonsei University Future-leading Research Initiative of 2015(2016-22-0061).

Size and demography pattern of the domestic dog population in Bhutan: Implications for dog population management and disease control.

Science.gov (United States)

Rinzin, Karma; Tenzin, Tenzin; Robertson, Ian

2016-04-01

Understanding the demography of domestic dogs is essential to plan the dog population management and rabies control program. In this study, we estimated the owned and stray dog population and the proportion of owned dogs that are free-roaming in Bhutan. For this, a cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in six districts (both urban and rural areas) and two border towns in southern Bhutan. The population estimation was done by extrapolation of the mean number of dogs per household and dogs per person, whilst mark-resight survey was conducted to estimate the proportion of owned dogs that were free-roaming. A total of 1,301 (rural:585; urban:716) respondents (one per household) were interviewed of which 173 households (24.4%) in urban areas owned 237 dogs whilst 238 households (40.8%) in rural areas owned 353 dogs. The mean number of dogs per dog owning household was estimated to be 1.44 (urban:1.37 dogs; rural:1.48 dogs) and dogs per household was estimated to be 0.45 (urban:0.33; rural:0.60). The dog: human ratio was 1:16.30 (0.06 dogs per person) in urban areas and 1:8.43 (0.12 dogs per person) in rural areas. The total owned dog population based on the mean number of dogs per household and dogs per person were estimated to be 65,312 and 71,245 in the country, respectively. The male: female ratio of the owned dog was 1.31:1 in urban areas and 2.05:1 in rural areas. Majority of the dogs were local non-descript breeds in both urban (60.8%) and rural (78%) areas, and the most common source was acquisition from friends or family (44.7%). The stray dog population in Bhutan was estimated to be 48,379 (urban:22,772; rural:25,607). Of the total estimated owned dog population in the two border towns, the proportion that were found free-roaming was estimated to be 31%. The different dog population estimation methods were compared and discussed in this paper. This study generated baseline data on the demographic patterns of the owned and stray dogs in Bhutan which

Variability in the Contribution of Different Life Stages to Population Growth as a Key Factor in the Invasion Success of Pinus strobus

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Münzbergová, Zuzana; Hadincová, Věroslava; Wild, Jan; Kindlmannová, J.

2013-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 2 (2013), no.-e56953 E-ISSN 1932-6203 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA526/05/0430 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : comparative demography * biological control * plant demography Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 3.534, year: 2013

Executive summary

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Nimwegen, N.; van Nimwegen, N.; van der Erf, R.

2009-01-01

The Demography Monitor 2008 gives a concise overview of current demographic trends and related developments in education, the labour market and retirement for the European Union and some other countries. This executive summary highlights the major findings of the Demography Monitor 2008 and further

Seasonal productivity and nest survival of Golden-cheeked Warblers vary with forest type and edge density

Science.gov (United States)

Rebecca G. Peak; Frank R., III Thompson

2014-01-01

Knowledge of the demography and habitat requirements of the endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) is needed for its recovery, including measures of productivity instead of reproductive indices. We report on breeding phenology and demography, calculate model-based estimates of nest survival and seasonal productivity and evaluate...

Urban park characteristics, genetic variation, and historical demography of white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus populations in New York City

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jason Munshi-South

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Severe fragmentation is a typical fate of native remnant habitats in cities, and urban wildlife with limited dispersal ability are predicted to lose genetic variation in isolated urban patches. However, little information exists on the characteristics of urban green spaces required to conserve genetic variation. In this study, we examine whether isolation in New York City (NYC parks results in genetic bottlenecks in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus, and test the hypotheses that park size and time since isolation are associated with genetic variability using nonlinear regression and information-theoretic model selection. White-footed mice have previously been documented to exhibit male-biased dispersal, which may create disparities in genetic variation between males and females in urban parks. We use genotypes of 18 neutral microsatellite data and four different statistical tests to assess this prediction. Given that sex-biased dispersal may create disparities between population genetic patterns inferred from bi- vs. uni-parentally inherited markers, we also sequenced a 324 bp segment of the mitochondrial D-loop for independent inferences of historical demography in urban P. leucopus. We report that isolation in urban parks does not necessarily result in genetic bottlenecks; only three out of 14 populations in NYC parks exhibited a signature of a recent bottleneck at 18 neutral microsatellite loci. Mouse populations in larger urban parks, or parks that have been isolated for shorter periods of time, also do not generally contain greater genetic variation than populations in smaller parks. These results suggest that even small networks of green spaces may be sufficient to maintain the evolutionary potential of native species with certain characteristics. We also found that isolation in urban parks results in weak to nonexistent sex-biased dispersal in a species known to exhibit male-biased dispersal in less fragmented environments. In

The demography of menopause.

Science.gov (United States)

Hill, K

1996-03-01

Menopause marks a time of dramatic hormonal and often social change for women. Both risk factors and health needs are likely to change as women pass through menopause. This paper examines the demographic characteristics of the world population of menopausal and post-menopausal women, and also examines the implication of menopause for mortality risks. The numbers of women involved are large. Using age 50 as a proxy for menopause, about 25 million women pass through menopause each year, and we estimate that in 1990 there were 467 million post-menopausal women in the world, with an average age of about 60 years. By 2030, the world population of menopausal and postmenopausal women is projected to increase to 1.2 billion, with 47 million new entrants each year. The mortality implications of menopause are also substantial. Ratios of female to male mortality risks from all causes and from all major cause groups except neoplasms decline to low levels around menopause or shortly thereafter, and then rise again to near unity. This pattern is taken as evidence that the female reproductive period is broadly protective of health, but that this protection disappears after menopause. The main protective effect is through reduced risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, partially offset by increased risks of cancer mortality, particularly of the breast and endometrium.

Gender, Poverty and Demography

OpenAIRE

Buvinic, Mayra; Gupta, Monica Da; Casabonne, Ursula

2009-01-01

Much has been written on gender inequality and how it affects fertility and mortality outcomes as well as economic outcomes. What is not well understood is the role of gender inequality, embedded in the behavior of the family, the market, and society, in mediating the impact of demographic processes on economic outcomes. This article reviews the empirical evidence on the possible economic impacts of gender inequalities that work by exacerbating demographic stresses associated with different d...

On the Track of C/overt Research: Lessons From Taking Ethnographic Ethics to the Extreme

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Virtová, Tereza; Stöckelová, Tereza; Krásná, H.

(2018) ISSN 1077-8004 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-16452S; GA ČR(CZ) GJ16-18371Y Institutional support: RVO:68378025 ; RVO:67985955 Keywords : collaborative ethnography * informed consent * institutional review board (IRB) Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography; AO - Sociology, Demography (FLU-F) OBOR OECD: Sociology; Sociology (FLU-F) Impact factor: 1.159, year: 2016

Demography or selection on linked cultural traits or genes? Investigating the driver of low mtDNA diversity in the sperm whale using complementary mitochondrial and nuclear genome analyses.

Science.gov (United States)

Morin, Phillip A; Foote, Andrew D; Baker, C Scott; Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L; Kaschner, Kristin; Mate, Bruce R; Mesnick, Sarah L; Pease, Victoria L; Rosel, Patricia E; Alexander, Alana

2018-04-19

Mitochondrial DNA has been heavily utilized in phylogeography studies for several decades. However, underlying patterns of demography and phylogeography may be misrepresented due to coalescence stochasticity, selection, variation in mutation rates, and cultural hitchhiking (linkage of genetic variation to culturally transmitted traits affecting fitness). Cultural hitchhiking has been suggested as an explanation for low genetic diversity in species with strong social structures, counteracting even high mobility, abundance and limited barriers to dispersal. One such species is the sperm whale, which shows very limited phylogeographic structure and low mtDNA diversity despite a worldwide distribution and large population. Here, we use analyses of 175 globally distributed mitogenomes and three nuclear genomes to evaluate hypotheses of a population bottleneck/expansion versus a selective sweep due to cultural-hitchhiking or selection on mtDNA as the mechanism contributing to low worldwide mitochondrial diversity in sperm whales. In contrast to mtDNA control region (CR) data, mitogenome haplotypes are largely ocean-specific, with only one of 80 shared between the Atlantic and Pacific. Demographic analyses of nuclear genomes suggest low mtDNA diversity is consistent with a global reduction in population size that ended approximately 125,000 years ago, correlated with the Eemian interglacial. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that extant sperm whales descend from maternal lineages endemic to the Pacific during the period of reduced abundance, and have subsequently colonized the Atlantic several times. Results highlight the apparent impact of past climate change, and suggest selection and hitchhiking are not the sole processes responsible for low mtDNA diversity in this highly social species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Academic stratospheres-cum-underworlds: When highs and lows of publication cultures meet

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Stöckelová, Tereza; Vostal, Filip

2017-01-01

Roč. 69, č. 5 (2017), s. 516-528 ISSN 2050-3806 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-16452S; GA ČR(CZ) GJ16-18371Y Institutional support: RVO:68378025 ; RVO:67985955 Keywords : predatory publishing * publication cultures * Web of Science * Elsevier * publishing oligopoly Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography; AO - Sociology, Demography (FLU-F) OBOR OECD: Sociology; Sociology (FLU-F) Impact factor: 1.514, year: 2016

Path Dependency, Demographic Change, and the (De-)Differentiation of the German Secondary School System

OpenAIRE

Bartl, Walter; Sackmann, Reinhold

2014-01-01

Der soziologische Diskurs über die Folgen des demographischen Wandels für Bildungssysteme schwankt immer noch zwischen den Extremen „Demographie als Schicksal“, was Bevölkerungsveränderungen unmittelbare Folgen zuschreibt, und „Demographie als Ideologie“, was die Relevanz demographischer Faktoren grundsätzlich in Frage stellt. Der vorliegende Aufsatz nimmt eine Durkheim’sche Perspektive ein und prüft, ob Veränderungen der Arbeitsteilung die Folgen des demographischen Wandels moderieren. Diese...

Inflammation in HIV-Infected Patients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Langkilde, Anne; Petersen, Janne; Klausen, Henrik Hedegaard

2012-01-01

To examine mechanisms underlying the increased inflammatory state of HIV-infected patients, by investigating the association of HIV-related factors, demography, lifestyle, and body composition with the inflammatory marker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR).......To examine mechanisms underlying the increased inflammatory state of HIV-infected patients, by investigating the association of HIV-related factors, demography, lifestyle, and body composition with the inflammatory marker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR)....

[Demography and employment in Portugal].

Science.gov (United States)

Barata, O S

1981-01-01

The population of Portugal showed a period of slow growth between 1950-60; however, in the 1970s, the return of large numbers of former residents in African territories along with a reduction in emigration changed the trend so that the 1981 census showed a significant increase. The Portuguese economy, on the other hand, is in a state of crisis which has resulted in large numbers of unemployed. The growth of the population along with these hard times has made it more difficult to reduce the rate of unemployment. It is also more difficult for those leaving school to find jobs. The better educated generations are seeking jobs in industry and in other services that Portugal will find difficult to offer in sufficient numbers in the immediate future. At present, the Portuguese economy has a large component of agricultural labor. In any case, the means of economic and social intervention to fight unemployment have limited potential. Therefore, many of those unable to find jobs in Portugal will attempt to emigrate. Many Portuguese are already working in Germany, France, and in other Western European countries but migration today is much more difficult. In addition, these countries cannot be expected to recive many more migrant workers in the future. In fact, those better educated workers from Portugal will not be very interested in the low paying jobs which can be found more easily by foreign workers in Western Euorpe. Many will therefore attempt to find jobs in non-European countries. There has been a recent increase of migration to Canada and the US. A renewal of interest in jobs in Brazil and other South Amerian countries is also to be expected. There may also be a future increase in the number of experts, technicians, and other qualified personnel emigrating to Portuguese speaking African countries if there is adequate security and if these countries find the way to expand economic growth. (author's modified)

Fertility transition: forecast for demography.

Science.gov (United States)

Caputo, M; Nicotra, M; Gloria-Bottini, E

2008-08-01

By the end of the 20th century most industrialized nations had undergone the so-called fertility transition, characterized by a reduction in fertility to below replacement level and a delay in age at initiation of child-bearing. An emerging concern is the severe economic and social consequences of this demographic decline. We present an overview of fertility changes in Italy in the second half of the 20th century and a mathematical model that may provide projections for the future of the demographic situation. Starting in 1950 the increment of the number of children born in Italy is initially positive; however, beginning in 1965 the trend suddenly becomes negative, and this negative trend further increased in 1975. A slight improvement is observed in 1980, followed by a stable situation beginning in 1987. Relevant socioeconomic and cultural events in Italy coincide with these variations in the fertility trend. Malnutrition, which had been endemic for centuries in some areas of central and southern Italy, disappeared rather abruptly in early 1960. The improvement in the economic situation was also associated with a decrease in illiteracy and with many sociocultural changes, with the emergence of new demands that decreased propensity for childbearing. The additional deceleration observed in 1975 corresponds to the diffusion of contraceptive procedures. The progression of sociocultural changes has led to a progressive liberation of women from the biological burden of childbearing. Two phenomena seem relevant in this context: women's emerging interest in entering the workforce and the possibility to disconnect sex from childbearing. The social function of feminism has overwhelmed the primary function of survival and diffusion of the species, giving rise to relevant and worrying demographic effects. However, the modern woman has an unconscious memory of her primary biological role, depending on both her genetic structure and cultural heritage, that should bring about a change in the present strong tendency to demographic decline. The basic notion of memory functions is widely recognized in sciences, for example, in the evolutionary theory of Darwin. Here, we introduce into the equations governing population growth a memory mechanism and a perturbation, and we estimate the reactions of the system to perturbations caused by environmental changes and subsequent delayed effects, such as those that appear in the birth rate beginning in 1965 and 1975. The mathematical modeling of the effects of perturbations of the fertility rate in the Italian population, with the introduction of a mathematical memory formalism, suggests that the effect is strongly reduced, with a relaxation time of about 10 years when the fertility rate approaches a stable value.

Gender inequalities from the demographic perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Devedžić Mirjana

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The paper analyzes the meaning of the phrase "the woman’s status in the society" that is recognized in demography as an important cultural factor of demographic development and transitional changes. The analysis indicates qualitative shifts in the woman’s status and simultaneously reveals its importance at present, not only in traditional, but also in modern and developed societies. On the other hand, it explains the importance of sex as a biodemographic determinant, and introduces the concept of gender that sheds another light on the concepts of sex and woman’s status in the society and integrates them. Gender regimes that subsume the inferiority of women in public and private social structures are examined from demographic perspective, albeit only in those phenomenological aspects that can be supported by demographic research, theories, and analyses. To this end, the paper analyzes the effects of strengthening gender equalities on the fertility and mortality transitions, the gender’s impact on the population distribution by sex in South Asian countries, and highlights the key role of gender in interpreting certain social and economic structures. It also stresses the establishing of gender equality as an important element of population policies. The global dimension of the patriarchal society is illustrated through a series of examples of demographic phenomena from various societies. Gender regimes underlie all of these phenomena. The paper puts foreword certain theoretical hypotheses about gender inequalities, and finds their connections with demographic behaviors and demographic indicators. Finally, it summarizes the role of demography in gender (inequality research and the demographic perspective of the way and the speed the demographic equality is being established. Demography is seen as an irreplaceable discipline in examining gender inequalities, especially at the global level. With the advance of qualitative methods in demography

Study of occurrence, demography and pathomorphology of ankle and foot fractures and evaluation of the treatment outcome of calcaneal fractures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarfraz, A.H.; Masood, F.

2014-01-01

This study highlights which injury has greatest burden, how frequent are the injuries of foot and ankle areas, which is an extremely neglected specialty in orthopedics and also the importance of proper diagnosis, classification of fractures, appropriate pre-operative planning and timely conservative as well as surgical intervention of ankle and foot fractures that resulted in a satisfactory outcome Despite the fact, foot and ankle is the most important locomotor unit of our lower limb, there have been few studies addressing the problem and treatment outcome of such fractures. Objective: To determine the occurrence, demography and pathomorphology of ankle and foot fractures, also evaluation of treatment outcome of calcaneal fractures. Methodology: This was a longitudinal interventional study which dealt with acute traumatic ankle and foot fracture patients coming to Accident and Emergency Department of MHL, DOST unit 1, with inclusion and exclusion criteria clearly defined. Results: Total 100 patients were included in the study. Mean age of patients was 35.71+-13.60 years. Minimum age of patients was 14 and maximum age of patients was 70 years respectively. Gender distribution of patients shows that 15 patients were female and the remaining 85 patients were male. Male patients were greater in number as compared to female patients ie. M: F, 6:1. Mechanism of the injury showed that there were 48 patients who suffered from RTA , 37 patients had trauma due to fall from height, 6 patients had industrial injuries, 5 patients had Fire Arm Injury, and 2 patients had injuries due to domestic activity, 1 had trauma due to sports activity and 1 had injury due to agricultural work. There were 41 patients with fractures of calcaneum and out of which 5 had bilateral fracture calcaneum. They were classified according to CT based Sanders classification. Out of these 22 patients were of Sanders type III, 12 patients were of Sander type II, 5 patients were of Sander type IV, 2

[Population, ethics and equity].

Science.gov (United States)

Berlinguer, G

1997-01-01

"Demography is, explicitly and not, imbued with an [ethical] content.... As demography involves both public policies and individual choices, the [ethical] slant should be [examined]. Thus, what we have on the one hand is an [ethical] state, which dictates its citizens' personal behaviour and, on the other, a state based on liberty, backed up by three shared values: human rights, pluralism and equality. This article looks at how today these may be reinterpreted when making decisions regarding the population." (EXCERPT)

Deep Learning for Population Genetic Inference.

Science.gov (United States)

Sheehan, Sara; Song, Yun S

2016-03-01

Given genomic variation data from multiple individuals, computing the likelihood of complex population genetic models is often infeasible. To circumvent this problem, we introduce a novel likelihood-free inference framework by applying deep learning, a powerful modern technique in machine learning. Deep learning makes use of multilayer neural networks to learn a feature-based function from the input (e.g., hundreds of correlated summary statistics of data) to the output (e.g., population genetic parameters of interest). We demonstrate that deep learning can be effectively employed for population genetic inference and learning informative features of data. As a concrete application, we focus on the challenging problem of jointly inferring natural selection and demography (in the form of a population size change history). Our method is able to separate the global nature of demography from the local nature of selection, without sequential steps for these two factors. Studying demography and selection jointly is motivated by Drosophila, where pervasive selection confounds demographic analysis. We apply our method to 197 African Drosophila melanogaster genomes from Zambia to infer both their overall demography, and regions of their genome under selection. We find many regions of the genome that have experienced hard sweeps, and fewer under selection on standing variation (soft sweep) or balancing selection. Interestingly, we find that soft sweeps and balancing selection occur more frequently closer to the centromere of each chromosome. In addition, our demographic inference suggests that previously estimated bottlenecks for African Drosophila melanogaster are too extreme.

Who are these Buddhists and How Many of Them are There?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Borup, Jørn

2015-01-01

Religious demography is generally a challenging endeavor, and counting and defining religions and religious identities in an Asian context is notoriously difficult. Buddhists in both Asia and the West have a long tradition of grey zone religiosity, which means that membership and mono-identity is......Religious demography is generally a challenging endeavor, and counting and defining religions and religious identities in an Asian context is notoriously difficult. Buddhists in both Asia and the West have a long tradition of grey zone religiosity, which means that membership and mono...

Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial viral infections in Malaysia: Demographic and Clinical perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, M M; Wong, K K; Hanafiah, A; Isahak, I

2014-01-01

Respiratory infections represent a major public health problem worldwide. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial and influenza virus infections and analyzed in respect to demography and clinical perspective. Methods : The specimens were processed by cell culture and immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (rRT-PCR) for detection of respiratory viruses. Results : Out of 505 specimens 189 (37.8%) were positive, in which RSV was positive in 124(24.8%) cases and influenza A was positive in 65(13%) cases. Positive cases for influenza virus A and RSV were analyzed based on demography: age, gender, ethnicity and clinical symptoms. There were no significant differences among gender, ethnicity and clinical symptoms in both RSV and influenza A virus infections. It was observed that children below 3 years of ages were more prone to RSV infections. On the contrary, influenza virus A infected all age groups of humans. RSV infects mostly child below 3 years of age and influenza virus infects all age group. No specificity of RSV and influenza infection in relation to demography.

Data bases and statistical systems: demography

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kreyenfeld, M.; Willekens, F.J.; Wright, James D.

2015-01-01

This article deals with the availability of large-scale data for demographic analysis. The main sources of data that demographers work with are censuses data, microcensus data, population registers, other administrative data, survey data, and big data. Data of this kind can be used to generate

Demography, Growth, and Global Income Inequality

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rougoor, Ward; Van Marrewijk, Charles

2015-01-01

Global income inequality has been declining for several decades. We argue that global income inequality will reach its lowest level around 2027 and then will rise again. This development is the result of both economic and demographic forces. By combining economic projections with demographic

Epidemiology and demography in public health

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Killewo, J. Z. J; Heggenhougen, Kris; Quah, Stella R

2010-01-01

... PageAcademic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, ...

Demography and childcare in preindustrial societies.

Science.gov (United States)

Hewlett, B S

1991-01-01

The preliminary comparison of hunter gatherers, horticulturalists, and pastoralists is based on 57 preindustrial populations with demographic and child care data out of a potential of 1264 documented cultures from the Ethnographic Atlas. The purpose of this effort is to demonstrate that the demographic characteristics of a population influence its child care practices and provides clues to understanding child care patterns. Traditional practices and provides clues to understanding child care patterns. Traditional practices including multiple caregiving, multistage play groups, and parents or siblings as cultural transmitters are reviewed in a demographic context. Other emerging practices are also discussed: the role of stepparents and differential parental investment in sons and daughters. Anthropological data published and unpublished included only those using standardized methods on total fertility, infant or child mortality, and/or sex/age distribution. Problems with the data set include limited cultural representation, small study sizes, limited time trends, and reliability. There is a concentration on the ]Kung San, Efe, Aka, Gidjingali, Yanomamo, Dusan, Semai, and Kipsigis. Only 7 of the 57 are outside the tropics. Foragers are farmers are primarily represented, because the pastoralists are primarily East African and smaller samples. Tables provide cultural specific data on total fertility rates (TRF), infant and child mortality, and sex ratios at birth and among the juvenile and adult population. Sections are devoted to methods, general patterns, traditional characteristics of childcare based on 5 hypotheses, and emergent trends with 2 more hypotheses on stepparenting and male preference. 2 patterns prevail: 1) hunter gatherers and horticulturalists/pastoralists show great intercultural variability in fertility and mortality rates, and 2) the ranges and means of both groups are very similiar. In the discussion of specific cultures, the hypothesis is proposed and then examples are drawn from the 57 studies to provide support or rejection of the hypothesis. The 1st postulated that the level of multiple care increases with the number of adult women without children increasing. The 2nd hypothesis is that the greater the density or compactness of the settlement, the greater the level of multiple care. It is reasoned in the 3rd that fertility and mortality patterns influence the nature of indulgent care of infants. The 4th hypothesis is that sex and age distributions and compactness of the camp influence the nature of the play ground and type of supervision. The 5th is that father involvement will be greater in societies with low population densities or isolated. The 6th is that a child rarely stays with natural parents throughout the dependency period. The 7th is that male biased juvenile sex ratios will exist in societies where the cost of raising males is or = that of raising families, or where males contribute more calories to the diet, or where male mortality is high.

Demography, Selection and Evolution in Conifers

OpenAIRE

Ruiz Daniels, Rose

2017-01-01

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de lectura: 12-09-2017 La presente tesis doctoral la componen un total de 3 capítulos dedicados a inferir diferentes aspectos de la adaptación molecular en las coníferas. En el primer capítulo introducimos el trabajo y lo contextualizamos en el actual entendimiento de la genética molecular de las coníferas. En el segundo capítulo nos centramos en el estudio d...

Deep Learning for Population Genetic Inference.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Sheehan

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Given genomic variation data from multiple individuals, computing the likelihood of complex population genetic models is often infeasible. To circumvent this problem, we introduce a novel likelihood-free inference framework by applying deep learning, a powerful modern technique in machine learning. Deep learning makes use of multilayer neural networks to learn a feature-based function from the input (e.g., hundreds of correlated summary statistics of data to the output (e.g., population genetic parameters of interest. We demonstrate that deep learning can be effectively employed for population genetic inference and learning informative features of data. As a concrete application, we focus on the challenging problem of jointly inferring natural selection and demography (in the form of a population size change history. Our method is able to separate the global nature of demography from the local nature of selection, without sequential steps for these two factors. Studying demography and selection jointly is motivated by Drosophila, where pervasive selection confounds demographic analysis. We apply our method to 197 African Drosophila melanogaster genomes from Zambia to infer both their overall demography, and regions of their genome under selection. We find many regions of the genome that have experienced hard sweeps, and fewer under selection on standing variation (soft sweep or balancing selection. Interestingly, we find that soft sweeps and balancing selection occur more frequently closer to the centromere of each chromosome. In addition, our demographic inference suggests that previously estimated bottlenecks for African Drosophila melanogaster are too extreme.

Deep Learning for Population Genetic Inference

Science.gov (United States)

Sheehan, Sara; Song, Yun S.

2016-01-01

Given genomic variation data from multiple individuals, computing the likelihood of complex population genetic models is often infeasible. To circumvent this problem, we introduce a novel likelihood-free inference framework by applying deep learning, a powerful modern technique in machine learning. Deep learning makes use of multilayer neural networks to learn a feature-based function from the input (e.g., hundreds of correlated summary statistics of data) to the output (e.g., population genetic parameters of interest). We demonstrate that deep learning can be effectively employed for population genetic inference and learning informative features of data. As a concrete application, we focus on the challenging problem of jointly inferring natural selection and demography (in the form of a population size change history). Our method is able to separate the global nature of demography from the local nature of selection, without sequential steps for these two factors. Studying demography and selection jointly is motivated by Drosophila, where pervasive selection confounds demographic analysis. We apply our method to 197 African Drosophila melanogaster genomes from Zambia to infer both their overall demography, and regions of their genome under selection. We find many regions of the genome that have experienced hard sweeps, and fewer under selection on standing variation (soft sweep) or balancing selection. Interestingly, we find that soft sweeps and balancing selection occur more frequently closer to the centromere of each chromosome. In addition, our demographic inference suggests that previously estimated bottlenecks for African Drosophila melanogaster are too extreme. PMID:27018908

Toward a gender politics of aging.

Science.gov (United States)

Carney, Gemma M

2018-01-01

The article proposes a Gender Politics of Aging approach to the study of aging societies. The approach recognizes the feminization of old age, ageism's roots in sexist discourse, and the need to recognize the role of politics in driving demographic debates. Drawing together arguments from feminist gerontology and political demography, the article argues that the intersection of politics and gender must be considered if appropriate responses to an older, feminized demography are to be produced. I conclude that the work of aging feminists provides a rich vein of research and praxis from which a gender politics of aging approach can draw.

Temporal variation in demography of the Chocoan River turtle, Rhinoclemmys nasuta (Geoemydidae), on Isla Palma, Malaga Bay, pacific coast of Valle del Cauca; Variacion demografica temporal de la tortuga de Rio Chocoana, Rhinoclemmys nasuta (Geoemydidae), en Isla Palma, Bahia Malaga, Pacifico del Valle del Cauca.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garces Restrepo, Mario Fernando; Giraldo, Alan; Carr, John L

2014-07-01

Few long-term demographic studies have been conducted in freshwater turtles of South America despite the need for this type of inquiry to investigate natural variation and strengthen conservation efforts for these species. In this study, we examined variation in demography of the Chocoan River turtle (Rhinoclemmys nasuta) based on a population from an island locality in the Colombian pacific region between 2005 and 2012. At this locality we captured turtles by hand in five streams with a total area of 0.4 ha. We calculated population size with the jolly-seber method and compared the population structure of four time periods (2005-06, 2007, 2011 and 2012). we calculated the probability of survival and capture probability for males, females and juveniles using the cormack jolly seber model and we estimated the rate of population growth with the Popan model. We found increases and decreases in population size, and a significant increase in the percentage of juveniles in 2011 and 2012. In all periods, females dominated the sex structure of the population. Temporal variation in population size may be due to natural changes in habitat or density dependent effects. However, it may correspond with normal fluctuations in population parameters, therefore continuous monitoring that can be correlated with environmental and physical factors of the habitat could elucidate the causes of the variation.

Demographically-Based Evaluation of Genomic Regions under Selection in Domestic Dogs.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adam H Freedman

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Controlling for background demographic effects is important for accurately identifying loci that have recently undergone positive selection. To date, the effects of demography have not yet been explicitly considered when identifying loci under selection during dog domestication. To investigate positive selection on the dog lineage early in the domestication, we examined patterns of polymorphism in six canid genomes that were previously used to infer a demographic model of dog domestication. Using an inferred demographic model, we computed false discovery rates (FDR and identified 349 outlier regions consistent with positive selection at a low FDR. The signals in the top 100 regions were frequently centered on candidate genes related to brain function and behavior, including LHFPL3, CADM2, GRIK3, SH3GL2, MBP, PDE7B, NTAN1, and GLRA1. These regions contained significant enrichments in behavioral ontology categories. The 3rd top hit, CCRN4L, plays a major role in lipid metabolism, that is supported by additional metabolism related candidates revealed in our scan, including SCP2D1 and PDXC1. Comparing our method to an empirical outlier approach that does not directly account for demography, we found only modest overlaps between the two methods, with 60% of empirical outliers having no overlap with our demography-based outlier detection approach. Demography-aware approaches have lower-rates of false discovery. Our top candidates for selection, in addition to expanding the set of neurobehavioral candidate genes, include genes related to lipid metabolism, suggesting a dietary target of selection that was important during the period when proto-dogs hunted and fed alongside hunter-gatherers.

Sociocultural behavior, sex-biased admixture, and effective population sizes in Central African Pygmies and non-Pygmies.

Science.gov (United States)

Verdu, Paul; Becker, Noémie S A; Froment, Alain; Georges, Myriam; Grugni, Viola; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Hombert, Jean-Marie; Van der Veen, Lolke; Le Bomin, Sylvie; Bahuchet, Serge; Heyer, Evelyne; Austerlitz, Frédéric

2013-04-01

Sociocultural phenomena, such as exogamy or phylopatry, can largely determine human sex-specific demography. In Central Africa, diverging patterns of sex-specific genetic variation have been observed between mobile hunter-gatherer Pygmies and sedentary agricultural non-Pygmies. However, their sex-specific demography remains largely unknown. Using population genetics and approximate Bayesian computation approaches, we inferred male and female effective population sizes, sex-specific migration, and admixture rates in 23 Central African Pygmy and non-Pygmy populations, genotyped for autosomal, X-linked, Y-linked, and mitochondrial markers. We found much larger effective population sizes and migration rates among non-Pygmy populations than among Pygmies, in agreement with the recent expansions and migrations of non-Pygmies and, conversely, the isolation and stationary demography of Pygmy groups. We found larger effective sizes and migration rates for males than for females for Pygmies, and vice versa for non-Pygmies. Thus, although most Pygmy populations have patrilocal customs, their sex-specific genetic patterns resemble those of matrilocal populations. In fact, our results are consistent with a lower prevalence of polygyny and patrilocality in Pygmies compared with non-Pygmies and a potential female transmission of reproductive success in Pygmies. Finally, Pygmy populations showed variable admixture levels with the non-Pygmies, with often much larger introgression from male than from female lineages. Social discrimination against Pygmies triggering complex movements of spouses in intermarriages can explain these male-biased admixture patterns in a patrilocal context. We show how gender-related sociocultural phenomena can determine highly variable sex-specific demography among populations, and how population genetic approaches contrasting chromosomal types allow inferring detailed human sex-specific demographic history.

Fertility and pregnancy: an epidemiologic perspective

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Wilcox, Allen J

2010-01-01

.... Weaving together history, biology, obstetrics, pediatrics, demography, infectious diseases, molecular genetics, and evolutionary biology, Allen Wilcox brings a fresh coherence to the epidemiologic...

Linking irreplaceable landforms in a self-organizing landscape to sensitivity of population vital rates for an ecological specialist.

Science.gov (United States)

Ryberg, Wade A; Hill, Michael T; Painter, Charles W; Fitzgerald, Lee A

2015-06-01

Irreplaceable, self-organizing landforms and the endemic and ecologically specialized biodiversity they support are threatened globally by anthropogenic disturbances. Although the outcome of disrupting landforms is somewhat understood, little information exists that documents population consequences of landform disturbance on endemic biodiversity. Conservation strategies for species dependent upon landforms have been difficult to devise because they require understanding complex feedbacks that create and maintain landforms and the consequences of landform configuration on demography of species. We characterized and quantified links between landform configuration and demography of an ecological specialist, the dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus), which occurs only in blowouts (i.e., wind-blown sandy depressions) of Shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) sand-dune landforms. We used matrix models to estimate vital rates from a multisite mark-recapture study of 6 populations occupying landforms with different spatial configurations. Sensitivity and elasticity analyses demonstrated demographic rates among populations varied in sensitivity to different landform configurations. Specifically, significant relationships between blowout shape complexity and vital rate elasticities suggested direct links between S. arenicolus demography and amount of edge in Shinnery oak sand-dune landforms. These landforms are irreplaceable, based on permanent transition of disturbed areas to alternative grassland ecosystem states. Additionally, complex feedbacks between wind, sand, and Shinnery oak maintain this landform, indicating restoration through land management practices is unlikely. Our findings that S. arenicolus population dynamics depended on landform configuration suggest that failure to consider processes of landform organization and their effects on species' population dynamics may lead to incorrect inferences about threats to endemic species and ineffective habitat

Demographic buffering: titrating the effects of birth rate and imperfect immunity on epidemic dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Sinead E; Pitzer, Virginia E; Viboud, Cécile; Metcalf, C Jessica E; Bjørnstad, Ottar N; Grenfell, Bryan T

2015-03-06

Host demography can alter the dynamics of infectious disease. In the case of perfectly immunizing infections, observations of strong sensitivity to demographic variation have been mechanistically explained through analysis of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model that assumes lifelong immunity following recovery from infection. When imperfect immunity is incorporated into this framework via the susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) model, with individuals regaining full susceptibility following recovery, we show that rapid loss of immunity is predicted to buffer populations against the effects of demographic change. However, this buffering is contrary to the dependence on demography recently observed for partially immunizing infections such as rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus. We show that this discrepancy arises from a key simplification embedded in the SIR(S) framework, namely that the potential for differential immune responses to repeat exposures is ignored. We explore the minimum additional immunological information that must be included to reflect the range of observed dependencies on demography. We show that including partial protection and lower transmission following primary infection is sufficient to capture more realistic reduced levels of buffering, in addition to changes in epidemic timing, across a range of partially and fully immunizing infections. Furthermore, our results identify key variables in this relationship, including R0.

COMADRE: a global database of animal demography

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Salguero-Gómez, R.; Jones, O.R.; Archer, C.R.; Bein, C.; de Buhr, H.; Farack, C.; Gottschalk, F.; Hartmann, A.; Henning, A.; Hoppe, G.; Römer, G.; Ruoff, T.; Sommer, V.; Wille, J.; Voigt, J; Zeh, S.; Vieregg, D.; Buckley, Y.M.; Che-Castaldo, J.; Hodgson, D.; Scheuerlein, A.; Caswell, H.; Vaupel, J.W.

2016-01-01

1. The open-data scientific philosophy is being widely adopted and proving to promote considerable progress in ecology and evolution. Open-data global data bases now exist on animal migration, species distribution, conservation status, etc. However, a gap exists for data on population dynamics

The bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer Program. Demography

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

See, W A.; McLeod, D; Iversen, P

2001-01-01

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment for early prostate cancer has yet to be established. A well-tolerated hormonal therapy such as bicalutamide could be a useful treatment option in this setting, either as adjuvant or immediate therapy. A major collaborative clinical trials program was set up...... to investigate bicalutamide as a treatment option for local prostate cancer (localized or locally advanced disease). METHODS: The bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer program comprises three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of similar design that are being conducted in distinct geographical...... areas (North America; Australia, Europe, Israel, South Africa and Mexico; and Scandinavia). Men with T1b-4N0-1M0 (TNM 1997) prostate cancer have been randomized on a 1:1 basis to receive bicalutamide 150 mg daily or placebo. Recruitment to the program closed in July 1998, and follow-up is ongoing. Study...

Demography and findings of reported rape cases.

Science.gov (United States)

Quader, M M; Rahman, M H; Kamal, M; Ahmed, A U; Saha, S K

2010-01-01

Six hundred and ninety nine cases of alleged rape were studied by the authors during the period from 2007-2008 at the Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. Of these cases, 122 had positive findings of recent sexual intercourse; 250 cases had the positive findings of habituated sexual intercourse, and 327 cases had no findings of sexual intercourse but they complained of forcible sexual intercourse and found no sign of sexual intercourse. Most of the alleged victims of rape were nulliparous 87.12% and parous was only 12.87%. 430 (61.51%) cases of reported victims who were students of schools and colleges were not considered as rape cases considering their victim's history of love affairs, leaving home secretly with their lovers, living with them for many days. Gang rape was not so common (4.29% of raped cases) in our study. Age groups, their occupations, living areas, time of arrival for medico-legal examination have been studied. Most of the cases were students (61.51%). A few numbers of victims were subjected to gang rape. Examination and reporting the cases have been discussed.

Demography and the extinction of European Neanderthals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Bent

2011-01-01

Causes previously suggested for the sudden extinction of Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) in Europe, starting around 35,000 years ago, comprise food shortage, climatic effects and violence from Modern Humans. The aim here is to formulate a demographic model with reconstructed fertility and de...... uncertainty. Finally, the option of regional migration between northern, middle and southern Europe is added, in order to capture population movements away from a region in response to deteriorating or improving climate. This model accounts for population developments, including the re......-population of the Middle and Northern regions of Europe during and after the warm Eem period. However, parameter choices that give plausible results during the initial 210,000 years also predict that the Neanderthals should have survived the latter part of the Weichselian ice age, despite competing for food with Modern...

Interdisciplinary approach to the demography of Jamaica.

Science.gov (United States)

Deason, Michael L; Salas, Antonio; Newman, Simon P; Macaulay, Vincent A; St A Morrison, Errol Y; Pitsiladis, Yannis P

2012-02-23

The trans-Atlantic slave trade dramatically changed the demographic makeup of the New World, with varying regions of the African coast exploited differently over roughly a 400 year period. When compared to the discrete mitochondrial haplotype distribution of historically appropriate source populations, the unique distribution within a specific source population can prove insightful in estimating the contribution of each population. Here, we analyzed the first hypervariable region of mitochondrial DNA in a sample from the Caribbean island of Jamaica and compared it to aggregated populations in Africa divided according to historiographically defined segments of the continent's coastline. The results from these admixture procedures were then compared to the wealth of historic knowledge surrounding the disembarkation of Africans on the island. In line with previous findings, the matriline of Jamaica is almost entirely of West African descent. Results from the admixture analyses suggest modern Jamaicans share a closer affinity with groups from the Gold Coast and Bight of Benin despite high mortality, low fecundity, and waning regional importation. The slaves from the Bight of Biafra and West-central Africa were imported in great numbers; however, the results suggest a deficit in expected maternal contribution from those regions. When considering the demographic pressures imposed by chattel slavery on Jamaica during the slave era, the results seem incongruous. Ethnolinguistic and ethnographic evidence, however, may explain the apparent non-random levels of genetic perseverance. The application of genetics may prove useful in answering difficult demographic questions left by historically voiceless groups.

Demography of the Seychelles Black Paradise-flycatcher ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

% (13) of which were confirmed as territory-holding individuals. We present a simple model to predict population growth using the above data, and discuss implications for the creation of additional self-sustaining populations on suitable islands.

Geography, demography, and economic growth in Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

Bloom, D E; Sachs, J D

1998-01-01

This paper presents the effects of climate, topography, and natural ecology on public health, nutrition, demographics, technological diffusion, international trade and other determinants of economic development in Africa. The goal of this paper is to emphasize the need for intensified research on the issues at the intersection of ecology and human society. Geography was given emphasis because of three reasons: the minimal gain from another recitation of the damage caused by statism, protectionism and corruption to African economic performance; negligence of the role of natural forces in shaping economic performance; and tailoring of policies to geographical realities. The paper also discusses the general problems of tropical development and the focus of Africa's problems in worldwide tropical perspectives; demographic trends in Africa; use of standard cross-country growth equations with demographic and geographic variables, to account for the relative roles of geography; and the future growth strategies and the need for urban-based export growth in manufacturing and services. Lastly, the authors provide a summary of conclusions and discuss the agenda for future research.

"Terrain Paper" on Demography and Higher Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Hodgkinson, Harold L.

Major demographic trends and consequences for higher education are examined. The Baby Boom sharply increased birth rates from 1946 to 1964 and was followed by a decline in births that lasted from 1964 to 1978. Currently there is an increased birth rate, but of much smaller size than the Baby Boom rates, due largely to the smaller size of the…

Demography and the Evolution of Educational Inequality.

Science.gov (United States)

Mare, Robert D.

The combined effects of differential fertility, differential mortality, and intergenerational educational mobility on the distribution of educational attainment in the United States were studied for women in the past half century. A simple model for the reproduction of educational hierarchies was used that takes these factors, plus age structure…

Rattans of Vietnam: ecology, demography and harvesting

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bui, My Binh

2009-01-01

Rattans are spiny climbing palms belonging to the Arecaceae family. Rattans may be single-stemmed or multi-stemmed in which stems (ramet) are clustered in a clump (genet). Rattan is an important non-timber forest product (NTFP) in almost all Southeast Asian countries. As demand for rattan products

Asymmetric Demography and Global Financial Governance | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Different countries are at different stages of demographic change. These differences ("asymmetries") can create opportunities for mutually beneficial financial cooperation between them. However, flaws in the current international financial architecture and weak financial institutions in the developing world may constrain the ...

Sexual behaviour and condom use among university students in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Onja Holisoa Rahamefy, Michèle Rivard, Madeleine Ravaoarinoro, Lala Ranaivoharisoa, Andriamiliharison Jean Rasamindrakotroka, Richard Morisset

2008-03-26

Mar 26, 2008 ... intercourse (Directorate of Demography and Social Statistics,. 2000). ..... partner refusal, immediate unavailability of condoms, intention ... of sexual acts, embarrassment when purchasing condoms, ..... Available online at.

Neoliberální politika a špatné ekonomické výsledky programů masové privatizace v post-komunistických státech v 90. letech 20. století

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vojtíšková, Kateřina

-, - (2012) ISSN 1213-1792 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : mass privatisation * post-communist countries * economic performance Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.blisty.cz/art/63551.html

The Associate Program on Ethnobiology, Socio-Economic Value Assessment and Community Based Conservation

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Twu, Maurice

2000-01-01

.... Current research efforts in the Korup Forest Dynamics Plot focus on data management and correction, as well as complementary research projects analyzing forest structure and composition, demography, and phenology...

Vzdělávání dětí cizinců na pražských základních školách

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vojtíšková, Kateřina

2012-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 2 (2012), s. 10-19 ISSN 1214-438X Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : inclusive education * qualitative research * acculturation strategies Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Speed kills, speed thrills. Constraining and enabling accelerations in academic work-life

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vostal, Filip

2015-01-01

Roč. 13, č. 3 (2015), s. 295-314 ISSN 1476-7724 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : social acceleration * intensification * time * academia * academic work Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Geografická mobilita židovského obyvatelstva v Čechách ve světle Soupisu židovských rodin z roku 1793

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Woitschová, K.; Woitsch, Jiří; Řezníček, M.

2006-01-01

Roč. 30, - (2006), s. 31-66 ISSN 0323-0937 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90580513 Keywords : geographic mobility * Jews * historical demography Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

77 FR 49921 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-17

... sound sources and their paths) and the receiving animals (hearing, motivation, experience, demography... (Johnson et al., 2007). Similarly, bowhead whales have continued to travel to the eastern Beaufort Sea each...

Milestones in the Development and Implementation of a Governmental Strategy on Homelessness in the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lux, Martin

2014-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 2 (2014), s. 95-118 ISSN 2030-2762 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : forming homelessness policy * post-socialist economies * policy evaluation Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Informační systémy škol

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Basl, Josef

-, č. 8 (2006), s. 8-9 ISSN 1211-6858 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : school information systems * school management , * educational management Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McMakin, A.H.; Cannon, S.D.; Finch, S.M.

1992-07-01

The objective of the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project is to estimate the radiation doses that individuals and populations could have received from nuclear operations at Hanford since 1944. The TSP consists of experts in environmental pathways, epidemiology, surface-water transport, ground-water transport, statistics, demography, agriculture, meteorology, nuclear engineering, radiation dosimetry, and cultural anthropology. Included are appointed technical members representing the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, a representative of Native American tribes, and an individual representing the public. The project is divided into the following technical tasks. These tasks correspond to the path radionuclides followed from release to impact on humans (dose estimates): Source terms, environmental transport, environmental monitoring data, demography, food consumption, and agriculture, and environmental pathways and dose estimates. Progress is discussed

Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project monthly report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McMakin, A.H., Cannon, S.D.; Finch, S.M.

1992-09-01

The objective of the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction MDR) Project is to estimate the radiation doses that individuals and populations could have received from nuclear operations at Hanford since 1944. The TSP consists of experts in envirorunental pathways. epidemiology, surface-water transport, ground-water transport, statistics, demography, agriculture, meteorology, nuclear engineering. radiation dosimetry. and cultural anthropology. Included are appointed members representing the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, a representative of Native American tribes, and an individual representing the public. The project is divided into the following technical tasks. These tasks correspond to the path radionuclides followed from release to impact on humans (dose estimates): Source Terms; Environmental Transport; Environmental Monitoring Data Demography, Food Consumption, and Agriculture; and Environmental Pathways and Dose Estimates

78 FR 28411 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-14

..., motivation, experience, demography) and is also difficult to predict (Southall et al. 2007). Currently NMFS... travel to the eastern Beaufort Sea each summer despite seismic exploration in their summer and autumn...

All projects related to india | Page 9 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Labour Market Inequality in Brazil and India: A Comparative Brazil, Russia, India and ... Research on how the interactions between and among institutions can affect developing ... Asymmetric Demography and Global Financial Governance.

Sociální inovace: doba hledání a tříbení

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Loudín, Jiří

2015-01-01

Roč. 37, č. 1 (2015), s. 97-112 ISSN 1210-0250 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : social innovation * non-technological innovation * social goals * social entrepreneurship Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Patient Perception of Disclosure Performance of Informed Consent Elements in the Preanesthesia Interview

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Hartgerink, Bradley

1997-01-01

...) were discussed in the preanesthesia interview. A survey composed of 21 questions pertaining to demography and informed consent elements was devised and administered to 53 patients immediately following their preanesthesia interview...

Final environmental statement: Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Unit No. 2. Final supplement. Docket No. 50-471

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-05-01

Information on candidate sites is presented concerning aquatic biology and water quality; terrestrial ecology and land use; demography; nearby industrial, transportation, and military facilities; hydrology; socioeconomics; and geology, seismology, and geotechnical engineering

Rebuilding Status Consistency in a Post-Communist Society. The Czech Republic, 1991-97

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matějů, Petr; Kreidl, Martin

2001-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 1 (2001), s. 17-34 ISSN 1351-1610 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : status consistency * social transformation * Czech republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

75 FR 64276 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Navy Training Conducted at the Silver...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-19

... is to require shutdown or power-down of noise sources when a cetacean species is detected within the... sources and their paths) and the receiving animals (hearing, motivation, experience, demography) and is...

Do Family Structure and Poverty Affect Sexual Risk Behaviors of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJRH Managing Editor

Family Structure, Poverty and Sexual Risk Behaviors ... Johannesburg, South Africa; 2Demography and Social Statistics Department, .... to high rate of adolescent sexual promiscuity as a ..... birth control and consequences of premarital sex.

Kurikulární reforma z pohledu šetření Kalibro

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Straková, Jana

2007-01-01

Roč. 57, č. 1 (2007), s. 21-36 ISSN 0031-3815 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Curricular reform * key competencies * teacher attitudes Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Krajina jako prostředí k rekreaci - na příkladu Šuamvy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kušová, Drahomíra; Těšitel, Jan; Bartoš, Michael

2001-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 5 (2001), s. 253-256 ISSN 0044-4863 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6087904 Keywords : tourism * leisure time activities * sociological survey Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Examining the Role of Couples' Characteristics in Contraceptive use ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria1; Provincial Education. Offices ... advertisements and jingles in the mass media, ... Unlike Nigeria, the percentage of women in union .... Both Muslim.

Dopravní sítě v krajině

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Zapletalová, Jana

2010-01-01

Roč. 44, č. 3 (2010), s. 153-158 ISSN 0044-4863 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30860518 Keywords : transport network * landscape * structure of settlements Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

The porcupine caribou herd

Science.gov (United States)

Griffith, Brad; Douglas, David C.; Walsh, Noreen E.; Young, Donald D.; McCabe, Thomas R.; Russell, Donald E.; White, Robert G.; Cameron, Raymond D.; Whitten, Kenneth R.; Douglas, David C.; Reynolds, Patricia E.; Rhode, E.B.

2002-01-01

Documentation of the natural range of variation in ecological, life history, and physiological characteristics of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Porcupine caribou herd is a necessary base for detecting or predicting any potential effects of industrial development on the performance (e.g., distribution, demography, weight-gain of individuals) of the herd. To demonstrate an effect of development, post-development performance must differ from pre-development performance while accounting for any natural environmental trends.We had 2 working hypotheses for our investigations: 1) performance of the Porcupine caribou herd was associated with environmental patterns and habitat quality, and 2) access to important habitats was a key influence on demography.We sought to document the range of natural variation in habitat conditions, herd size, demography (defined here as survival and reproduction), sources and magnitude of mortality, distribution, habitat use, and weight gain and loss, and to develop an understanding of the interactions among these characteristics of the herd.In addition, we investigated ways that we could use this background information, combined with auxiliary information from the adjacent Central Arctic caribou herd, to predict the direction and magnitude of any potential effects of industrial oil development in the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on Porcupine caribou herd calf survival on the herd's calving grounds during June.

Single Motherhood and Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Life Course Perspective

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Clark, S.; Hamplová, Dana

2013-01-01

Roč. 50, č. 5 (2013), s. 1521-1549 ISSN 0070-3370 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Child mortality * single motherhood * Africa Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 2.631, year: 2013

Legitimita a legitimizace

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šafr, Jiří

2005-01-01

Roč. 3, 1-2 (2005), s. 23-24 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Legitimacy * legitimization * authority Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

All projects related to india | Page 8 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Region: South Asia, Central Asia, Far East Asia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, ... small and off-farm enterprises, especially those operated by women, in South Asia. ... Asymmetric Demography and Global Financial Governance. Project.

Sub-Saharan Africa

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2013-02-15

Feb 15, 2013 ... Institute for Mathematical Sciences – Next Einstein Initiative. The institute's ... for Mathematical. Sciences, applications for the August intake are now open! .... Organization, the National Institutes of Statistics and. Demography ...

Jak zkoumat globalizovanou kulturu?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2009-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 9 (2009), s. 1-3 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : globalization * culture * anthropology Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Temelín v kontextu obytné krajiny

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Těšitel, Jan; Kušová, Drahomíra; Bartoš, Michael

2008-01-01

Roč. 42, č. 2 (2008), s. 85-88 ISSN 0044-4863 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60870520 Keywords : nuclear power plant * habitable landscape * landscape character Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Epistemologie a dělení kvantitativní a kvalitativní sociologie

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Ďurďovič, Martin

2014-01-01

Roč. 46, č. 4 (2014), s. 351-372 ISSN 0049-1225 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : epistemology * sociological theory * quantitative sociology Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.200, year: 2014

Gender v protestu sociálních hnutí proti globalizaci

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2007-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 2 (2007), s. 7-14 ISSN 1213-0028 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : globalization * gender * social movements Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography www.genderonline.cz

Empirical Succession Mapping and Data Assimilation to Constrain Demographic Processes in an Ecosystem Model

Science.gov (United States)

Kelly, R.; Andrews, T.; Dietze, M.

2015-12-01

Shifts in ecological communities in response to environmental change have implications for biodiversity, ecosystem function, and feedbacks to global climate change. Community composition is fundamentally the product of demography, but demographic processes are simplified or missing altogether in many ecosystem, Earth system, and species distribution models. This limitation arises in part because demographic data are noisy and difficult to synthesize. As a consequence, demographic processes are challenging to formulate in models in the first place, and to verify and constrain with data thereafter. Here, we used a novel analysis of the USFS Forest Inventory Analysis to improve the representation of demography in an ecosystem model. First, we created an Empirical Succession Mapping (ESM) based on ~1 million individual tree observations from the eastern U.S. to identify broad demographic patterns related to forest succession and disturbance. We used results from this analysis to guide reformulation of the Ecosystem Demography model (ED), an existing forest simulator with explicit tree demography. Results from the ESM reveal a coherent, cyclic pattern of change in temperate forest tree size and density over the eastern U.S. The ESM captures key ecological processes including succession, self-thinning, and gap-filling, and quantifies the typical trajectory of these processes as a function of tree size and stand density. Recruitment is most rapid in early-successional stands with low density and mean diameter, but slows as stand density increases; mean diameter increases until thinning promotes recruitment of small-diameter trees. Strikingly, the upper bound of size-density space that emerges in the ESM conforms closely to the self-thinning power law often observed in ecology. The ED model obeys this same overall size-density boundary, but overestimates plot-level growth, mortality, and fecundity rates, leading to unrealistic emergent demographic patterns. In particular

Vegetation and floristics of a lowland tropical rainforest in northeast Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Tng, David Y P; Apgaua, Deborah M G; Campbell, Mason J; Cox, Casey J; Crayn, Darren M; Ishida, Françoise Y; Laidlaw, Melinda J; Liddell, Michael J; Seager, Michael; Laurance, Susan G W

2016-01-01

Full floristic data, tree demography, and biomass estimates incorporating non-tree lifeforms are seldom collected and reported for forest plots in the tropics. Established research stations serve as important repositories of such biodiversity and ecological data. With a canopy crane setup within a tropical lowland rainforest estate, the 42-ha Daintree Rainforest Observatory (DRO) in Cape Tribulation, northern Australia is a research facility of international significance. We obtained an estimate of the vascular plant species richness for the site, by surveying all vascular plant species from various mature-phase, remnant and open vegetation patches within the site. We also integrate and report the demography and basal areas of trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) in a new 1-ha core plot, an extension to the pre-existing forest 1-ha plot under the canopy crane. In addition, we report for the canopy crane plot new demography and basal areas for smaller-size shrubs and treelets subsampled from nine 20 m(2) quadrats, and liana basal area and abundance from the whole plot. The DRO site has an estimated total vascular plant species richness of 441 species, of which 172 species (39%) are endemic to Australia, and 4 species are endemics to the Daintree region. The 2 x 1-ha plots contains a total of 262 vascular plant species of which 116 (1531 individuals) are tree species ≥ 10 cm dbh. We estimate a stem basal area of 34.9 m(2) ha(-1), of which small stems (tree saplings and shrubs analysis shows that DRO forests has a comparatively high stem density and moderate species diversity, due to the influence of cyclones. These data will provide an important foundation for ecological and conservation studies in lowland tropical forest. We present a floristic checklist, a lifeform breakdown, and demography data from two 1-ha rainforest plots from a lowland tropical rainforest study site. We also present a meta-analysis of stem densities and species diversity from

ANALISIS PENGARUH PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN Studi Pembelian Rumah Sangat Sederhana Tipe 36 MeAlalui KPR – BTN di Kota Administrasi Jember

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sutrisno - Djaja

2012-05-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This research aimed (1 at examining whether or not there was significant influence of the variables, such as marketing mix, reference group, demography and socioeconomic on the consumer’s behavior in deciding to purchase a house; and (2 at examining which variables have more dominant influence on the consumer’s decision making. The population of this research consisted of houses type 36 purchasers through the BTN Bank Credit in Jember. The sampling technique used was the purposive proportional area random sampling, whereas the data collecting methods used were questionnaire, interview and documentation. Marketing mix as an independent variable covered: product (X1, price (X2, place (X3, promotion (X4, personal traits (X5, physical evidence (X6 and process (X7. Reference group covered: family (X8, colleagues (X9 and neighbors (X10. Demography and Socio-economic was covered by Family Income (X11. The dependent variable (Y was the decision making to purchase houses. The data analyses used were firstly, the descriptive analysis to describe the fieldwork data by interpreting the data through tabulation, and secondly, the multiple Linear Regression Statistics to analyze the influence of the independent variables (X1 – X11 both in group and individually on the decision making process to buy the houses. The research results indicated that marketing mix, reference group, and demography and socioeconomic constituted the variables to be considered and believed to influence the consumers’ decision-making process to buy the houses. The result of multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that in a group marketing mix, reference group, demography and socioeconomic significantly affected the consumer’s behavior in deciding to buy houses. Individually, the dependent variables (X1-X11 significantly affected the dependent variables (Y, and certainly the product variable (X1 and the family income variable (X11 had dominant influence. Other

Genetic demographic networks: Mathematical model and applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Kimmel, Marek; Wojdyła, Tomasz

2016-10-01

Recent improvement in the quality of genetic data obtained from extinct human populations and their ancestors encourages searching for answers to basic questions regarding human population history. The most common and successful are model-based approaches, in which genetic data are compared to the data obtained from the assumed demography model. Using such approach, it is possible to either validate or adjust assumed demography. Model fit to data can be obtained based on reverse-time coalescent simulations or forward-time simulations. In this paper we introduce a computational method based on mathematical equation that allows obtaining joint distributions of pairs of individuals under a specified demography model, each of them characterized by a genetic variant at a chosen locus. The two individuals are randomly sampled from either the same or two different populations. The model assumes three types of demographic events (split, merge and migration). Populations evolve according to the time-continuous Moran model with drift and Markov-process mutation. This latter process is described by the Lyapunov-type equation introduced by O'Brien and generalized in our previous works. Application of this equation constitutes an original contribution. In the result section of the paper we present sample applications of our model to both simulated and literature-based demographies. Among other we include a study of the Slavs-Balts-Finns genetic relationship, in which we model split and migrations between the Balts and Slavs. We also include another example that involves the migration rates between farmers and hunters-gatherers, based on modern and ancient DNA samples. This latter process was previously studied using coalescent simulations. Our results are in general agreement with the previous method, which provides validation of our approach. Although our model is not an alternative to simulation methods in the practical sense, it provides an algorithm to compute pairwise

Pracující rodiče: ženy i muži?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena

2006-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 1 (2006), s. 6-8 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : parenthood * discrimination of women Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Neortodoxní bourdieuovec Bernard Lahire

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Skovajsa, Marek

2017-01-01

Roč. 53, č. 1 (2017), s. 101-104 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : French sociology * social theory * Pierre Bourdieu Subject RIV: AO - Sociology , Demography Impact factor: 0.143, year: 2016

Community Satisfaction in Czech Rural Communities: A Multilevel Model

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bernard, Josef

2015-01-01

Roč. 55, č. 2 (2015), s. 205-226 ISSN 0038-0199 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : community satisfaction * rural communities * contextual effects Subject RIV: AO - Sociology , Demography Impact factor: 1.380, year: 2015

Demografické souvislosti stárnutí

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Dimitrová, Michaela

2007-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 1 (2007), s. 24-30 ISSN 1214-438X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : demographic (population) aging * individual aging * age structure Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Making Necessity a Virtue: The Czech Alter-Globalization Movement’s Strategy of Making S26 a Success

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2009-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 7-8 (2009), s. 12-15 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : globalization * protest * movement Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology - Vol 76, No 3 (2005)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Demography of the Seychelles Black Paradise-flycatcher: considerations for ... to the Brown-necked Parrot P. fuscicollis fuscicollis and the Grey-headed Parrot P. f. ... Chestnut Weaver Ploceus rubiginosus biometrics and primary moult in ...

PENILAIAN PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS PETERNAKAN SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN SEKADAU, KALIMANTAN BARAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mikael Heri Setiyo Wibowo

2012-06-01

cattle population had not reached the determined target. It could be concluded that the implementation of agribusiness development program in Sekadau Regency has not been optimal. (Keywords: Social demography characteristic, Program implementation, Beef cattle

Možnosti využití jednoduché sebehodnoticí otázky pro měření úrovně pracovního stresu v průřezových dotazníkových šetřeních kvality pracovního života

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vinopal, Jiří

2011-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 2 (2011), s. 35-57 ISSN 1802-8152 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : working stress measurement * quality of working life * SQWL Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Predictors of the Availability and Variety of Social Care Services for Older Adults: Comparison of Central European Countries

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lehmann, Štěpánka; Havlíková, Jana

2015-01-01

Roč. 41, č. 1 (2015), s. 113-132 ISSN 0148-8376 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Older adults * social care services * availability Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.510, year: 2015

Podle čeho lidé poznají zařazení do sociální třídy?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2008-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 6 (2008), s. 11-12 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : class * inequalities * social structure Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Co evokuje pojem třída?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2008-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 6 (2008), s. 10-11 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : class * inequalities * social structure Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Volební preference, jak jim správně porozumět

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lebeda, Tomáš; Krejčí, Jindřich; Leontiyeva, Yana

2005-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 2 (2005), s. 25-28 ISSN 1214-438X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : electoral preferences * election studies * public opinion polls Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Sustainable automotive energy system in China

CERN Document Server

CAERC, Tsinghua University

2014-01-01

This book identifies and addresses key issues of automotive energy in China. It covers demography, economics, technology and policy, providing a broad perspective to aid in the planning of sustainable road transport in China.

„Sme na jedný lodi": Morálka a ekonomika v prostředí třídy nejchudších

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vašát, Petr

2013-01-01

Roč. 100, č. 4 (2013), s. 427-448 ISSN 0009-0794 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : homelessness * the poorest class * economic practices Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.094, year: 2012

Effect of the Spanish Conquest on coastal change in Northwestern Peru

Science.gov (United States)

Belknap, Daniel F.; Sandweiss, Daniel H.

2014-06-01

When Francisco Pizarro and his small band of Spanish conquistadores landed in northern Peru in A.D. 1532 to begin their conquest of the vast Inca Empire, they initiated profound changes in the culture, language, technology, economics, and demography of western South America. They also altered anthropogenically modulated processes of shoreline change that had functioned for millennia. Beginning with the extirpation of local cultures as a result of the Spanish Conquest, and continuing through today, the intersection of demography, economy, and El Niño-driven beach-ridge formation on the Chira beach-ridge plain of Northwestern Peru has changed the nature of coastal evolution in this region. A similar event may have occurred at about 2800 calibrated y B.P. in association with increased El Niño frequency.

Legitimita demokratického režimu a jeho efektivita

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šafr, Jiří

2005-01-01

Roč. 3, 1-2 (2005), s. 21-23 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Legitimacy * democracy * M. S. Lipset Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

78 FR 67103 - Request for Nominations of Members To Serve on the Census Scientific Advisory Committee

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-08

... the Census Bureau on the uses of scientific developments in statistical data collection, statistical analysis, survey methodology, geospatial analysis, econometrics, cognitive psychology, and computer science... following disciplines: demography, economics, geography, psychology, statistics, survey methodology, social...

77 FR 1454 - Request for Nominations of Members To Serve on the Census Scientific Advisory Committee

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-10

... the U.S. Census Bureau on the uses of scientific developments in statistical data collection, statistical analysis, survey methodology, geospatial analysis, econometrics, cognitive psychology, and... following disciplines: Demography, economics, geography, psychology, statistics, survey methodology, social...

An Assessment of the Emerging Networks of Support for Street ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nekky Umera

Bamiwuye Olusina - Department of Demography and Social Statistics,. Obafemi Awolowo .... epidemic in 2010 is estimated to be more than double its present figure. ... spread of HIV/AIDS may not be complete without taking into consideration.

(Ne)rovnost mužů a žen v práci

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena

č. 9 (2003), s. 24-25 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : gender inequality * glass ceiling * gender stereotyping Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Emigrace v Evropě a její bezpečnostní rizika

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cílek, Václav

2014-01-01

Roč. 2014, č. 21 (2014), s. 32-37 ISSN 2336-4971 Keywords : migration * immigrants * refugees * nationalism * patriotism * territoriality * Europe * world conflicts * climate changes * integration of immigrants * assimilation * Muslims * foreigners Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Sto let od narození zakladatele české demoskopie Čeňka Adamce

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2016-01-01

Roč. 52, č. 5 (2016), s. 754-757 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Czech sociology – history of * demoscopy * Adamec Subject RIV: AO - Sociology , Demography Impact factor: 0.143, year: 2016

Developing countries unprepared for ballooning elderly population ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2010-11-29

Nov 29, 2010 ... ... Economics and Demography of Aging at the University of California, Berkeley ... Another problem is that some of these countries are implementing social ... Presenting advances in financial inclusion and education for youth, ...

Postmoderní proměny v životě i díle Zygmunta Baumana

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sedláčková, Markéta

2003-01-01

Roč. 39, č. 1 (2003), s. 99-104 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : Bauman * postmodernity * ethics Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.063, year: 2003

Alternative models of entrance exams and access to higher education: the case of the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Konečný, Tomáš; Basl, J.; Mysliveček, Jan; Simonová, N.

2012-01-01

Roč. 63, č. 2 (2012), s. 219-235 ISSN 0018-1560 Institutional support: PRVOUK-P23 Keywords : higher education * admission exams * educational equity Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.937, year: 2012

Školy: mlčení o reformě

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matějů, Petr

2006-01-01

Roč. 18, - (2006), s. 8 ISSN 1210-1168 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028302 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : university * education * reform Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Narativní analýza v sociologickém výzkumu: přístupy a jednotící rámec

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hájek, M.; Havlík, Martin; Nekvapil, J.

2012-01-01

Roč. 48, č. 2 (2012), s. 199-223 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional support: RVO:68378092 Keywords : narrative analysis * qualitative methodology * mimesis * structuralism * hermeneutics Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.652, year: 2012

Nebezpečné sny extrémistů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Houžvička, Václav

2008-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 4 (2008), s. 12-14 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : wings extremists * xenofobia * political system Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Information Technology Research & Development Foresight in Iran.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mansoor Sheydaee

2017-09-01

The results of the Delphi process was reported in national level, including Delphi panel members demography, public questions and specialized questions for each of the technologies. Finally the research provides some recommendations for decision makers.

Stručná historie chudoby. V bludném kruhu

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cílek, Václav

2015-01-01

Roč. 2015, č. 3 (2015), s. 38-41 ISSN 2336-4971 Keywords : poverty * hunger * food crisis * delinquency * violence * overpopulation * homelessness * begging * social assistance * climate * agriculture * economy * USA * western Europe Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Řídit jako muž. Anotace knihy Judy Wajcman: Manging like a Man

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena

2002-01-01

Roč. 3, 2-3 (2002), s. 6-7 ISSN 1213-0028 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : affirmative action * gender in management * sexuality and work relations Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Gender and Globalisation: Labor Changes in the Global Economy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2006-01-01

Roč. 42, č. 6 (2006), s. 1241-1257 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender * globalisation * labour Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.128, year: 2006

Beyond inclusion: effects and limits of institutionalised public participation

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Stöckelová, Tereza

2009-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 1 (2009), s. 48-63 ISSN 1466-8297 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : destructions of GMO fields * Faucheurs volontaires * genetically modified organisms Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Intersection of Gender and Class in Socio-historical and Biographical Perspectives

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena; Formánková, Lenka; Vohlídalová, Marta

2014-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 6 (2014), s. 1-11 ISSN 1833-1882 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Intersectionality * Gender * Class Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

"Vlastní laboratoř": akademické trajektorie a gender v současných biovědách

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela; Červinková, Alice

2013-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 1 (2013), s. 15-26 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LE12003 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : biosciences * dynamic labs * excellence Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Pierre Bourdieu:Sociologist of Dominnace and of the Dominated

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Radimská, Radka

2002-01-01

Roč. 38, č. 3 (2002), s. 395-398 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : Pierre Bourdieu * dominace * capital Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.113, year: 2002

South Africa : tous les projets | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL POLICY, DEMOGRAPHY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION. Région: Americas, Brazil, South America, Asia, China, Far East Asia, India, South and Central Asia, Global, Africa, South Africa, South of Sahara.

Na jaké otázky odpovídali sociologičtí klasikové? - 1. část

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Simonová, Natalie

2003-01-01

Roč. 1, č. 4 (2003), s. 1 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : August Comte * Max Weber * beginning of sociology Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Přechod k mateřství – Plány versus realita týkající se pracovních životů vysokoškolsky vzdělaných žen

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešporová, Olga

2015-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 2 (2015), s. 73-84 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/11/0145 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : motherhood * employment * childcare Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Model predikce výsledků voleb – alternativní přístup k odhadům volebních výsledků ve volebních obvodech

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kostelecký, Tomáš

2005-01-01

Roč. 41, č. 1 (2005), s. 79-101 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : models * electoral predictions * surveys Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.113, year: 2005

Changes of spatial differentiation in livestock breeding in the Czech Repulic after 1990

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Martinát, Stanislav; Klapka, Pavel; Nováková, Eva

2008-01-01

Roč. 15, - (2008), s. 97-120. ISBN 978-83-924797-6-5. ISSN 1642-4689 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30860518 Keywords : livestock breeding * agricultural geography * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Válka, sex a Orient očima "nových Židů"

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bartáková, D.; Strobach, Vít

Sv. 58, č. 0 (2013), s. 55-75 ISSN 1211-5770 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GPP410/12/P671 Institutional support: RVO:67985921 Keywords : nationalism * orientalism * racism Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Co se děje se světem? [Rozhovor

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Malinda, J. (ed.); Cílek, Václav

2016-01-01

Roč. 23, č. 41 (2016), s. 28-32 ISSN 1210-1168 Keywords : civilization * plants cultivation * gardens * climate * climate changes * dry atmosphere * employment * geology * Anthropocene * politics * migration * defence of state boundary Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Stakeholder Perceptions of the Impacts of Rural Funding Scenarios on Mountain Landscapes Across Europe

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bayfield, N.; Barancok, P.; Furger, M.; Sebastia, M.T.; Domínguez, G.; Lapka, Miloslav; Cudlínová, Eva; Vescovo, L.; Ganielle, D.; Cernusca, A.; Tappeiner, U.; Drösler, M.

2008-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 8 (2008), s. 1368-1382 ISSN 1432-9840 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60870520 Keywords : Landscape perception * funding scenarios Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 3.376, year: 2008

Vnější označení a sebeoznačení českých nekatolíků v 18. - 19. století

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2002-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 2 (2002), s. 175-196 ISSN 1210-3640 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : Czech history * 18th and 19th centuries * Czech Protestantism Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

A two-sex demographic model with single-dependent divorce rate

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maxim, D.; Berec, Luděk

2010-01-01

Roč. 265, č. 4 (2010), s. 647-656 ISSN 0022-5193 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50070508 Keywords : population dynamics * bifurcation * demography Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 2.371, year: 2010

Suburbanization in small towns - case study Modřice near Brno

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vaishar, Antonín; Zapletalová, Jana

2007-01-01

Roč. 10, - (2007), s. 112-116 ISSN 1224-4112 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA3086301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30860518 Keywords : Suburbanization * small towns Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Situation of the countryside in the mountain part of the Czech-Polish borderland

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vaishar, Antonín; Zapletalová, Jana

-, č. 55 (2008), s. 55-67 ISSN 0137-5423 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06001 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30860518 Keywords : marginality * population * human capital Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Theories explaining corruption in post-communist countries

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Chábová, Kristýna

2016-01-01

Roč. 1, č. 3 (2016), s. 1-14 ISSN 2464-6210 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LM2015066 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Corruption Europe Theories Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology

All projects related to | Page 259 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2011-10-20

Project. Different countries are at different stages of demographic change. Start Date: October 20, 2011. End Date: April 20, 2014. Topic: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL POLICY, DEMOGRAPHY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION. Region: Brazil ...

People know what they need. An interview with women activists in Zambia

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Uhde, Zuzana; Tožička, T.

2015-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 2 (2015), s. 53-59 ISSN 1213-0028 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : development * Zambia * gender equality Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/12130028.2015.16.2.220

Možnosti a oblasti akcí pro dosažení rovnosti v práci

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena

č. 10 (2003), s. 24-25 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : gender equality in organization * women in management * diversity Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Life History Patterns

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jones, Owen

2016-01-01

of these patterns and highlights the need to consider senescence from a broad taxonomic scope to truly understand the evolution of aging. Keywords: Aging; Demography; Evolution; Fertility; Gompertz; Life span; Mortality; Ontogenescence; Reproduction; Reproductive senescence; Senescence; Survivorship...

Možnosti a oblasti akcí pro dosažení rovnosti - profesní rozvoj, organizace práce a kultura prostředí

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena

č. 11 (2003), s. 24-25 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : gender equality * women in management * flexibility at work Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Zpráva z konference Ženy a ekonomika

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cidlinská, Kateřina; Červinková, Alice; Ortenová, Alena

2011-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 1 (2011), s. 86-92 ISSN 1213-0028. [Ženy a ekonomika. Praha, 17.03.2011] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : economy * women * report Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Disease monitoring system and the balance of demographic structure and economic vitality (Bohemia, 1680)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jirková, Pavla

2013-01-01

Roč. 18, č. 2 (2013), s. 7-20 ISSN 1803-7518 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-35304S Institutional support: RVO:67985998 Keywords : social history * historical demography * Bohemian lands Subject RIV: AH - Economics

K 70. narozeninám Ilji Šrubaře

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Skovajsa, Marek

2016-01-01

Roč. 52, č. 5 (2016), s. 751-753 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Czech sociology * social theory * Ilja Šrubař (1946) Subject RIV: AO - Sociology , Demography Impact factor: 0.143, year: 2016

Employment and Growth | Page 72 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

David Bloom, Clarence James Gamble Professor of Economics and Demography ... of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, USA ... This book explores the place of poor people within a rich variety of value chains, ...

Sídelní archeologie loveckých populací. K dynamice a populační kinetice mladého paleolitu ve středním Podunají

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Svoboda, Jiří

2006-01-01

Roč. 47, - (2006), s. 13-31 ISSN 1211-7250 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80010507 Keywords : Danubian region * central Europe * Neandertals * Modern Humans * Settlement archaeology * Population kinetics * Demography Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

České vězeňství viděné optikou veřejného mínění

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Veselský, Michal

2009-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 1 (2009), s. 3-12 ISSN 1214-438X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : prison system * imprisonment * public opinion Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.cvvm.cas.cz

Gender Representation in the Alternative Media of the Anti-Globalisation Movement

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2004-01-01

Roč. 40, č. 6 (2004), s. 851-868 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : gender * antiglobalisation movement * alternative media Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.200, year: 2004

Gender Representation in the Alternative Media of the Anti-Globalisation Movement

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2004-01-01

Roč. 40, č. 6 (2004), s. 851-868 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : gender * anti- globalisation movement * media Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.200, year: 2004

Subjective or objective? What matters?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sunega, Petr

2014-01-01

Roč. 1, č. 1 (2014), s. 35-43 ISSN 2336-2839 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/12/1446 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : comparative housing policy * globalisation Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Mít děti? Co je to za normu? Čí je to norma?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hašková, Hana; Zamykalová, L.

2006-01-01

Roč. 13, 40-41 (2006), s. 3-53 ISSN 1211-5770 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KJB7028402 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : childlessness * parenthood Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Souvislosti mezi rodičovstvím a životní spokojeností v České republice a zemích Evropské unie

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešporová, Olga; Hamplová, Dana

2014-01-01

Roč. 56, č. 3 (2014), s. 185-202 ISSN 0011-8265 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/11/0145 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : parenthood * motherhood * life satisfaction Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Zpráva z 11. konference Evropské sociologické asociace Crisis, Critique and Change

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela

2013-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 2 (2013), s. 86-91 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LE12003 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : academic capitalism * transformation of higher education Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Stunted by climate

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-01

With expertise in geography and human health, Marta Jankowska and David López-Carr worked with a team of specialists in climate science, statistics, demography and policy to study climate change impacts on child malnutrition in Mali.

Vzdělání, ekonomická zkušenost a reformy v České republice: podpora, nebo obavy?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Večerník, Jiří; Hraba, J.; McCutcheon, A.; Mullick, R.

2000-01-01

Roč. 36, č. 4 (2000), s. 415-430 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : education * reform support * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.080, year: 2000

A new method to quantify and compare the multiple components of fitness--a study case with kelp niche partition by divergent microstage adaptations to temperature.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasco M N C S Vieira

Full Text Available Management of crops, commercialized or protected species, plagues or life-cycle evolution are subjects requiring comparisons among different demographic strategies. The simpler methods fail in relating changes in vital rates with changes in population viability whereas more complex methods lack accuracy by neglecting interactions among vital rates.The difference between the fitness (evaluated by the population growth rate λ of two alternative demographies is decomposed into the contributions of the differences between the pair-wised vital rates and their interactions. This is achieved through a full Taylor expansion (i.e. remainder = 0 of the demographic model. The significance of each term is determined by permutation tests under the null hypothesis that all demographies come from the same pool.An example is given with periodic demographic matrices of the microscopic haploid phase of two kelp cryptic species observed to partition their niche occupation along the Chilean coast. The method provided clear and synthetic results showing conditional differentiation of reproduction is an important driver for their differences in fitness along the latitudinal temperature gradient. But it also demonstrated that interactions among vital rates cannot be neglected as they compose a significant part of the differences between demographies.This method allows researchers to access the effects of multiple effective changes in a life-cycle from only two experiments. Evolutionists can determine with confidence the effective causes for changes in fitness whereas population managers can determine best strategies from simpler experimental designs.

Out of Time, Out of Place: Primitivism and African Art

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meredeth Turshen

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This article debates the proposition that artistic production mirrors humanity’s maturation from primitive superstition to scientific rationality. This effort sits at the intersection of demography, political economy and aesthetics. According to traditional demographic theory, primitive peoples are caught in a poverty trap of high birth rates, a condition inimical to industrialization, well-planned urbanization, universal education, women’s emancipation and cultural production. The analysis focuses on three dynamics: the demographic effects of mass migration on creativity: the trajectories of declining populations and their places in cultural hierarchies; and slavery and colonialism’s reduction to penury of skilled artists in pre-industrial societies. The method interrogates self-reinforcing trends of the canons of demography, political economy and aesthetics and the resulting concurrence on the path of progress, which assumes that art is a reflection of liberal historical advancement. The overarching argument of the article is that by setting the criteria and suppressing alternative accounts of the history of African art, these canons narrow and misrepresent our global cultural legacy. Background: sub-Saharan African art is classified as “primitive” according to the canons of art history, demography and political economy. This label is problematic because it conveys faulty demographic assumptions about sub-Saharan Africa and reflects the ways in which theories of human progress reinforce analyses underlying the designation of primitive. The proposition advanced is that these canons narrow, suppress alternative accounts of the history of African art, and misrepresent our global cultural legacy.

Národní kontaktní centrum – ženy a věda – Genderová rovnost ve vědě

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tenglerová, Hana

2011-01-01

Roč. 42, č. 2 (2011), s. 109-111 ISSN 0009-0700 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK08007 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender equality * science * policy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Je náboženství důležité pro ekonomický rozvoj?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hamplová, Dana

2009-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 1 (2009), s. 143-162 ISSN 1212-8112 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Religion * economy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Jiří Musil a sociální teorie

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Skovajsa, Marek

2012-01-01

Roč. 48, č. 5 (2012), s. 1003-1008 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Czech sociology * social theory * Jiří Musil (1928-2012) Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.652, year: 2012

Pohlaví a gender v biomedicínském výzkumu a klinické medicíně: zpráva z konference

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela

2012-01-01

Roč. 13, č. 1 (2012), s. 104-108 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK08007 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : gender in knowledge production * gendered innovations * gender mainstreaming Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Jeho a její pohled: Střídavá péče z perspektivy matek a otců

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vohlídalová, Marta

2014-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 1 (2014), s. 29-41 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : shared custody * joint physical custody * gender Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Top management team composition and organizational ecology : A nested hierarchical selection theory of team reproduction and organizational diversity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boone, Christophe; Wezel, Filippo C.; van Witteloostuijn, Arjen; Baum, JAC; Dobrev, SD; VanWitteloostuijn, A

2006-01-01

The "upper echelon" literature has mainly produced static empirical studies on the impact of top management team composition on organizational outcomes, ignoring the dynamics of industrial demography. Organizational ecology explicitly studied the dynamics of organizational diversity at the

Psychological distress and user experiences with health care provision in persons living with spinal cord injury for more than 20 years

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakimovska, V M; Kostovski, E; Biering-Sørensen, F

2017-01-01

were cases according to the GHQ-20. The cases did not differ from non-cases concerning demography, time since injury, injury aetiology, injury severity, marital status or employment status. The regression analysis revealed that cases were associated (P

Social bias within the institution of hired domestic care: global interactions and migration

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Uhde, Zuzana

2016-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 4 (2016), s. 684-709 ISSN 1519-6089 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-07898S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Hired domestic care * Recognition * Global interactions Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Kdo jsou otcové na rodičovské dovolené II

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maříková, Hana

2004-01-01

Roč. 5, 2-3 (2004), s. 20-21 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MPS HS102/03 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : parental leave * fathers * typology Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Comparative Discourse Analysis of the Security-Privacy Dilemma: Salience of Security Issues in Printed Media

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Guasti, Petra; Mansfeldová, Zdenka

2015-01-01

Roč. 30, č. 10 (2015), s. 127-156 ISSN 0254-0223 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 285223 - SECONOMICS Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : security * media * stuxnet Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.444, year: 2015

Czech Greens in the 2002 General Election: A New Lease of Life?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kostelecký, Tomáš; Jehlička, P.

2003-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 2 (2003), s. 1333-139 ISSN 0964-4016 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : Greens * Czech Republic * 2002 General Election Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.435, year: 2002

Venkovská krajina a turismus

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cudlínová, Eva

-, č. 56 (2006), s. 16-17 ISSN 1214-5815 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) 1P05ME750 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60870520 Keywords : rural landscape * tourism Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Problémy s volebními průzkumy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Krejčí, Jindřich

2005-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 3 (2005), s. 239-258 ISSN 1211-3247 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : election studies * public opinion polls * polls and democracy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http:// www.iips.cz

Být kaplanem v Česku: Zdroje nejistoty a nacházení opory

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Beláňová, Andrea

2018-01-01

Roč. 105, č. 1 (2018), s. 25-43 ISSN 0009-0794 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA17-02917S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Chaplaincy * uncertainty * strategies Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology

An overview of environmental indicators ; state of the art and perspectives

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bakkes JA; Born GJ van den; Helder JC; Swart RJ; Hope CW; Parker JDE; Rijksinstituut voor; University of Cambridge; ISC; MTV; Cambridge Universiteit Engeland

1994-01-01

Work on indicators is critically reviewed, focusing on a number of key issues ; air and water pollution ; natural resources and biodiversity ; climate change ; ozone depletion ; public health; demography ; production ; consumption ; and technology ; waste ; and costs of environmental protection

Czech copreneur orientations to business and family responsibilities: A mixed embeddedness perspective

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jurik, N.; Křížková, Alena; Pospíšilová, Marie

2016-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 3 (2016), s. 307-326 ISSN 1756-6266 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-13766S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Women’s entrepreneurship * Czech Republic * Copreneurs Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Candidate ballot information and election outcomes: the Czech case

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jurajda, Štěpán; Münich, Daniel

2015-01-01

Roč. 31, č. 5 (2015), s. 448-469 ISSN 1060-586X Institutional support: PRVOUK-P23 Keywords : low- information elections * ballot order effects * name properties Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 1.049, year: 2015

Jak znovu pěstovat chřest, aneb duchovní krize českého zemědělství

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2009-01-01

Roč. 4, č. 4 (2009), s. 32-42 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA700280803 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : sociology of agriculture * Post-communism Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

: tous les projets | Page 224 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL POLICY, DEMOGRAPHY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION. Région: Brazil, South America, China, Far East Asia, India, South Africa, North of Sahara, South of Sahara, North and Central America, Central Asia, ...

: tous les projets | Page 223 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL POLICY, DEMOGRAPHY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION. Région: Brazil, South America, China, Far East Asia, India, South Africa, North of Sahara, South of Sahara, North and Central America, Central Asia, ...

Monthly Pattern and Distribution of Births in a Teaching Institution of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... inventory control, logistics, streamlining family planning services at institutional and community level keeping in mind the monthly pattern of hospital deliveries. Keywords: Behavior, communication, conception, delivery, demography, family planning, fertility, human resource, months, pattern, reproduction, seasonality, time ...

The Framing of Abortion in the Czech Republic: How the Continuity of Discourse Prevents Institutional Change

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Dudová, Radka

2010-01-01

Roč. 46, č. 6 (2010), s. 945-975 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : abortion policy * body discourse * frame analysis Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.389, year: 2010

'Jeden vel'ký kolektív': Folklór ako vystúpenie a organizácia

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Feinberg, Joseph Grim

2016-01-01

Roč. 48, č. 4 (2016), s. 357-376 ISSN 0049-1225 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : folklore * performativity * public sphere and privacy * aesthetic theory * social theory Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.283, year: 2016

Multiple classification analysis. Theory and application to Demography

OpenAIRE

Suseł, Aleksander

2011-01-01

Model analizy klasyfikacji wielokrotnej (MCA) jest addytywnym modelem mającym szersze możliwości zastosowania niż, np. modele regresji liniowej. Przede wszystkim ze względu na to, gdyż zmienne w modelu MCA mogą pochodzić ze skal np. przedziałowej czy nominalnej. Poza tym, możliwe jest określenie stopnia wpływu zmiennych niezależnych zarówno przed jak i po uwzględnieniu zmiennych kontrolnych. Wreszcie, nie jest wymagane spełnienie założenia liniowej zależności p...

Demography of publications in South Asian Orthodontic Journals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rajesh Gyawali

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: To explore the demographic features of the articles published in South Asian orthodontic journals in the last 6 years. Materials and Methods: All the orthodontic journals published from or representing South Asian countries from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed for the number of issues published, number of articles, number of authors, country affiliation of principal author, and international collaboration in authorship. Further, article type was classified and number of citations was noted. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the various features of the published articles. Results: A total of 825 articles were found in five orthodontic journals published from or representing South Asian region with the number authors per article ranging up to 10. International collaboration in authorship varied from 0.98% to 12.75% of articles among those journals. For all journals, principal authors of most of the articles originated from the country of publishing journal. Cross-sectional study overnumbered other types of researches. However, systematic reviews and meta-analysis which are considered as the highest form of evidence were very scant in these journals. Conclusions: International collaboration in authorship and foreign principal investigator was found minimum. Greater percentage of publications were cross-sectional studies with few randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews/meta-analysis in the last 6 years.

Nontraumatic spinal cord injury: etiology, demography and clinics

OpenAIRE

Quintana-Gonzales, Asencio; Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación, Docencia y Rehabilitación Integral en Funciones Motoras, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Callao, Perú. Médico Rehabilitador.; Sotomayor-Espichan, Rosa; Departamento de Investigación, Docencia y Rehabilitación Integral en Lesiones Medulares, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Callao, Perú. Médico Rehabilitado.; Martínez-Romero, María; Departamento de Investigación, Docencia y Rehabilitación Integral en Lesiones Medulares, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Callao, Perú. Médico Rehabilitador.; Kuroki-García, César; Departamento de Investigación, Docencia y Rehabilitación Integral en Unidad Motora y Dolor, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Callao, Perú. Médico Rehabilitador.

2014-01-01

We performed a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional; study in 210 hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury at the National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Callao, Peru from 2000-2006. The goal was to describe etiology, and clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of non traumatic spinal cord injuries (LMNT). We found a prevalence of 27 % for LMNT, average age at onset of 32.0 years, male gender 50.5 %, and secondary education completed in 41.9 %, poverty 90.5 %. The inf...

Genetic diversity and historical demography of Chinese shrimp ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Both mismatch distribution analyses and neutrality tests suggested a late Pleistocene or Holocene population expansion (12,100 – 28,500 years ago) for the species, which was consistent with the geological period of formation of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. These results indicated that F. chinensis in the Yellow Sea and ...

COMADRE - A global data base of animal demography

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Salguero-Gómez, Roberto; Jones, Owen R.; Archer, C. Ruth

2016-01-01

spanning the rich diversity of the animal kingdom world-wide. This information is fundamental to our understanding of the conditions that have shaped variation in animal life histories and their relationships with the environment, as well as the determinants of invasion and extinction. Matrix population...... models (MPMs) are among the most widely used demographic tools by animal ecologists. MPMs project population dynamics based on the reproduction, survival and development of individuals in a population over their life cycle. The outputs from MPMs have direct biological interpretations, facilitating...... comparisons among animal species as different as Caenorhabditis elegans, Loxodonta africana and Homo sapiens. Thousands of animal demographic records exist in the form of MPMs, but they are dispersed throughout the literature, rendering comparative analyses difficult. Here, we introduce the COMADRE Animal...

Probabilistic and spatially variable niches inferred from demography

Science.gov (United States)

Jeffrey M. Diez; Itamar Giladi; Robert Warren; H. Ronald. Pulliam

2014-01-01

Summary 1. Mismatches between species distributions and habitat suitability are predicted by niche theory and have important implications for forecasting how species may respond to environmental changes. Quantifying these mismatches is challenging, however, due to the high dimensionality of species niches and the large spatial and temporal variability in population...

Enterprise demography and foreign ownership: effects on employment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Urlings, N.; Korvorst, M.; Fortanier, F.N.

2011-01-01

Current research has shown that foreign controlled enterprises are generally larger, employ more high-skilled employees and pay higher wages. However, a proper assessment of the employment consequences of firms requires consideration of longitudinal developments and demographic events such as

Relational demography in coach-athlete dyads | Zhang | African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study used an adapted version of Zhang's (2004) trust questionnaire to examine perceived characteristic and trust differences between coach and athlete dyads that differ in gender or ethnicity as well as in dyads that were similar. The four different gender dyad groups were male athlete with male coach (MAMC), ...

The changing world demography of type 2 diabetes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Green, Anders; Hirsch, Niels Christian; Pramming, Stig Krøger

2003-01-01

In recent years it has been estimated that the current global prevalence of type 2 diabetes amounts to about 150 million patients. Projections suggest that by the year 2025 the number of prevalent patients in the world will reach approximately 300 million. It is assumed that the increase in the n...

Genetic diversity and historical demography of kuruma shrimp ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... of kuruma shrimp ( Penaeus japonicus ) species complex off China based on ... of 454-bp at 5' end of mitochondrial DNA control region were conducted. ... analyses suggested a late Pleistocene population expansion for both variety I ...

Dairy goat demography and Q fever infection dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Hogerwerf, Lenny; Courcoul, Aurélie; Klinkenberg, Don; Beaudeau, François; Vergu, Elisabeta; Nielen, Mirjam

2013-04-26

Between 2007 and 2009, the largest human Q fever epidemic ever described occurred in the Netherlands. The source was traced back to dairy goat farms, where abortion storms had been observed since 2005. Since one putative cause of these abortion storms is the intensive husbandry systems in which the goats are kept, the objective of this study was to assess whether these could be explained by herd size, reproductive pattern and other demographic aspects of Dutch dairy goat herds alone. We adapted an existing, fully parameterized simulation model for Q fever transmission in French dairy cattle herds to represent the demographics typical for Dutch dairy goat herds. The original model represents the infection dynamics in a herd of 50 dairy cows after introduction of a single infected animal; the adapted model has 770 dairy goats. For a full comparison, herds of 770 cows and 50 goats were also modeled. The effects of herd size and goat versus cattle demographics on the probability of and time to extinction of the infection, environmental bacterial load and abortion rate were studied by simulation. The abortion storms could not be fully explained by demographics alone. Adequate data were lacking at the moment to attribute the difference to characteristics of the pathogen, host, within-herd environment, or a combination thereof. The probability of extinction was higher in goat herds than in cattle herds of the same size. The environmental contamination was highest within cattle herds, which may be taken into account when enlarging cattle farming systems.

Ukrainean crisis: History, demography, economics, science, personal impressions

Science.gov (United States)

Gaina, Alex

An overview of the Economic and Demographic situation in Ukraine has been given. Some historical-scientific aspects of the actual crisis has been revealed. Between them: The soveitization of the Science, when scientists of Ukrainean origin work outside its borders, while the most influent and proliferous scientists inside the Country are of Russian origin. The percentage of astronomers of Russian origin is as great as ~40% while the percentage of the Russian population in Ukraine is about 20%. Another problem consist in low knowledge of the Ukrainean language by scientists working inside the Country.

Cultural complexity and demography: the case of folktales

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Acerbi, A.; Kendal, J.; Tehrani, J.

2017-01-01

We investigate the relationship between cultural complexity and population size in a non-technological cultural domain for which we have suitable quantitative records: folktales. We define three levels of complexity for folk narratives: the number of tale types, the number of narrative motifs, and,

Demography of Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon

Science.gov (United States)

Zabel, Cynthia J.; Salmons, Susan E.; Forsman, Eric D.; DeStefano, Stephen; Raphael, Martin G.; Gutierrez, R.J.

1996-01-01

Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) are associated with lower elevation, commercially valuable, late-successional coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest. Meta-analyses of demographic parameters indicate that Northern Spotted Owl populations are declining throughout their range (Anderson and Burnham 1992, Burnham et al. this volume). Recent research has attempted to determine whether management activities have affected the viability of Spotted Owl populations, and results have led to development of conservation plans for the species (Dawson et al. 1987, Thomas et al. 1990, Murphy and Noon 1992, USDI 1992, Thomas et al. 1993b).In the Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl (USDI 1992b) threats to the species were identified as small population sizes, declining populations, limited amounts of habitat, continued loss and fragmentation of habitat, geographically isolated populations, and predation and competition from other avian species. Weather and fire are natural processes that also may affect reproductive success of Spotted Owls. Weather may be a factor in the high annual variability in fecundity of Spotted Owls, as has been suggested for other predatory bird species (Newton, 1979, 1986). However, these factors have not been addressed in previous studies of Spotted Owls.Our objectives were to estimate survival, fecundity, and annual rates of population change (l) for resident, territorial female Spotted Owls at two study areas in the coastal mountains of southwestern Oregon. We tested if the amount of rainfall was correlated with reproduction of Spotted Owls. While surveying for Spotted Owls, we documented the increased presence of Barred Owls (Strix varia), a potential competitor of Spotted Owls.

The Existence of Islamic Banking in Indonesia from Non-Muslims Perceptions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Budi Setiawan

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This study has three main objectives, which are to identify the common knowledge of the non- Muslims on the Islamic banking products and services; to identify the non-Muslims perception; and to analyze the influence of respondents’ demography to the perception on revenue sharing system of Islamic banking. E-survey method was used with a quantitative approach involving 244 respondents, who partook to fill the online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression tests were used as data analysis techniques. The majority of the respondents have a better knowledge on savings, rather than other products. The existence of Islamic banking has been able to attract the public attentions, and not contrary to their religious beliefs. Respondent’s demography (ie: gender, age, level of formal education significantly influences respondent’s perception on revenue sharing system of Islamic banking in Indonesia.

Editorial

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Červinková, Alice; Tenglerová, Hana

2011-01-01

Roč. 19, č. 2 (2011), s. 3-7 ISSN 1210-6658 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK08007 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender equality * science policies * discourses Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Politiky nečinnosti: genderová rovnost v české vědní politice

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tenglerová, Hana

2011-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 1 (2011), s. 63-73 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK08007 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender * science policy * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Česká tradiční kuchyně

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Seidlová, Adéla

2003-01-01

Roč. 1, 3-4 (2003), s. 5-10 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028205 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : cooking * tradition * boarding Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Elektronické informační zdroje

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jandová, Natalie

2001-01-01

Roč. 37, Č. 1 (2001), s. 141-143 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : electronic database * on-line database * citation index Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.140, year: 2001

Neformální péče v rodině: sociodemografické charakteristiky pečujících osob

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Klímová Chaloupková, Jana

2013-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 2 (2013), s. 107-124 ISSN 1802-8152 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/11/0145 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : informal care * family caregivers * sandwich generation Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Why Czech Parliamentary party Groups Vote less Unitedly. The Role of Frequent Voting and Big Majorities in Passing Bills

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linek, Lukáš; Rakušanová, Petra

2005-01-01

Roč. 41, č. 3 (2005), s. 423-442 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : parliamentary party groups * Czech political parties * voting Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.113, year: 2005

Ekonomická odpovědnost – postoje k placení daní

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Benešová, Romana

2010-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 1 (2010), s. 2-4 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : values Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz/index.php?disp=temata&shw=333&lst=116

Spokojenost s bydlením v České republice – výsledky šetření 2001 a 2013

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kážmér, Ladislav; Boumová, Irena

2016-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 1 (2016), s. 23-37 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA16-06335S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : housing satisfaction * housing attitudes * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Měření politických znalostí

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lyons, Pat

2007-01-01

Roč. 1, č. 2 (2007), s. 109-127 ISSN 1802-8152 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA403/06/1421 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : political knowledge Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Population dynamics in the high Arctic: Climate variations in time and space

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hendrichsen, Ditte Katrine

Climatic factors profoundly influence the population dynamics, species interactions and demography of Arctic species. Analyses of the spatio-temporal dynamics within and across species are therefore necessary to understand and predict the responses of Arctic ecosystems to climatic variability...

Participace nájemníků a sociální aspekty regenerace panelových sídlišť jako jedna z podmínek trvale udržitelného rozvoje

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sunega, Petr; Lux, Martin

2004-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 3 (2004), s. 5-9 ISSN 1212-0855 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/03/0417 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : participation * tenants * regeneration Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Od výzkumu žen na trhu práce k feministické analýze genderovanosti organizací

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hašková, Hana

2016-01-01

Roč. 17, č. 2 (2016), s. 103-106 ISSN 1213-0028. [Gender, Work and Organization] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-13766S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : conference * gender * work Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

A systematic review of studies on psychosocial late effects of childhood cancer: structures of society and methodological pitfalls may challenge the conclusions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lund, Lasse Wegener; Schmiegelow, Kjeld; Rechnitzer, Catherine

2011-01-01

High survival rates after childhood cancer raise attention to possible psychosocial late effects. We focus on predictors of psychosocial outcomes based on diagnosis, treatment, demography, somatic disease, and methodological problems. Overall, survivors evaluate their health-related quality of life...

Kde jsou otcové na rodičovské dovolené?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maříková, Hana

2004-01-01

Roč. 4, č. 1 (2004), s. 8-10 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : parental leave * fathers * typology Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Česká folková hudba 60. -80. let 20. století v pohledu sociologie náboženství

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2003-01-01

Roč. 39, č. 1 (2003), s. 79-97 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : Sociology of Religion * Czech Folk Music * Czechoslovakia Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.063, year: 2003

Ztráta bydlení a možnost reintegrace

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mikeszová, Martina

2011-01-01

Roč. 22, č. 16 (2011), s. 16-19 ISSN 1213-6581 R&D Projects: GA MMR WD-05-07-3 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : housing * homelessness * social policy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Odpověď v anketě na téma Jak řešíte jako rodič nebo by měla společnost řešit to, aby se z dítěte nestal nepřiměřený konzument alkoholu?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Simonová, Natalie

2009-01-01

Roč. 20, č. 48 (2009), s. 6-6 ISSN 0862-6545 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0109 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : teenagers * alcohol * prevention Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Péče o předškolní děti z pohledu rodičů: srovnání České a Slovenské republiky

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maříková, Hana; Lutherová, S.

2013-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 4 (2013), s. 9-14 ISSN 1802-5854 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/10/1586 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : preschool facilities * Czech Republic, * qualitative research Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Europeization - A New Topic in Political Science Research – information from the conference

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linek, Lukáš

2005-01-01

Roč. 41, č. 3 (2005), s. 529-532 ISSN 0038-0288 R&D Projects: GA MPS(CZ) 1J004/04-DP1 Keywords : Europeisation * political parties Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.113, year: 2005

Problém subjektivního smyslu jednání v díle Maxe Webera, Clifforda Geertze a Rudolfa Bultmanna

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2002-01-01

Roč. 38, č. 5 (2002), s. 551-562 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : anthropology * sociological methodology * subjective justification of actions Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.113, year: 2002

The parliamentary election in the Czech Republic, June 2006

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Plecitá-Vlachová, Klára; Stegmaier, M.

2008-01-01

Roč. 27, č. 1 (2008), s. 179-184 ISSN 0261-3794 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : parliamentary elections * Chamber of Deputies * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 1.077, year: 2008

Hodnota dítěte v individuálním životě a pro společnost

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šamanová, Gabriela

2006-01-01

Roč. 4, č. 2 (2006), s. 10-14 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KJB7028402 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Czech Republic * childlessness Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Hlídání vnoučat českými prarodiči v mezinárodním srovnání

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hamplová, Dana

2014-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 1 (2014), s. 25-40 ISSN 1802-8152 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/11/0145 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : child care * grandparents * child-care selection Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Výzkum životní dráhy a event-history analýza

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hamplová, Dana

2004-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 2 (2004), s. 8-10 ISSN 1212-995X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAB7028202 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : life satisfaction * parenthood Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Disappointed and Disgruntled: A Study of the Return in the 1990s of Czech Emigrants from the Communist Era

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2002-01-01

Roč. 38, č. 6 (2002), s. 789-808 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : Czech history * 20th century * Czech emigration Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.113, year: 2002

Informační systémy škol – specifická oblast využití manažerských informačních systémů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Basl, Josef

2006-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 12 (2006), s. 1-32 ISSN 1212-5075 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : school information systems * school management * educational management Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.ikaros.cz/node/3736

Nová moc matek a stará moc otců

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Radimská, Radka

2004-01-01

Roč. 4, č. 1 (2004), s. 3-4 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : power relations * family * father Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Editorial

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Skovajsa, Marek

2012-01-01

Roč. 48, č. 6 (2012), s. 1047-1049 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Czech sociology * Karl W. Deutsch * Jiří Musil * Miloslav Petrusek Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.652, year: 2012

A munkaerő-piaci politika hatása a nemek közötti egyenlőségre a gazdasági átalakulás és az EU-csatlakozás időszakában: Csehország, Magyarország és Szlovénia összehasonlítása

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nagy, B.; Křížková, Alena; Kanjuo-Mrčela, A.

2012-01-01

Roč. 22, č. 1 (2012), s. 30-60 ISSN 1216-2051 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : female employment * gender equality * child care institutions Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Modelling and simulating decision processes of linked lives: An approach based on concurrent processes and stochastic race

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Warnke, T.; Reinhardt, O.; Klabunde, A.; Willekens, F.J.; Uhrmacher, A.

2017-01-01

Individuals’ decision processes play a central role in understanding modern migration phenomena and other demographic processes. Their integration into agent-based computational demography depends largely on suitable support by a modelling language. We are developing the Modelling Language for

O původu a zdrojích proměn české podnikatelské elity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Benáček, Vladimír

2008-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 1 (2008), s. 70-89 ISSN 1212-8112 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA700280803 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : entrepreneurship * efficiency * capital Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Influence of DNA isolation from historical otoliths on nuclear-mitochondrial marker amplification and age determination in an overexploited fish, the common sole (Solea solea L.)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cuveliers, E.L.; Bolle, L.J.; Volckaert, F.A.M.; Maes, G.E.

2009-01-01

Historical otolith collections are crucial in assessing the evolutionary consequences of natural and anthropogenic changes on the demography and connectivity of commercially important fish species. Hence, it is important to define optimal protocols for purifying DNA from such valuable information

Trends in educational fluidity after the fall of socialism in the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Katrňák, T.; Simonová, Natalie

2016-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 3 (2016), s. 49-69 ISSN 1802-4637 R&D Projects: GA ČR GB14-36154G Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : educational fluidity * cohort analysis * educational inequality Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology

Několik pohledů na partnerství

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Patočková, Věra

2008-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 2 (2008), s. 12-13 ISSN 1214-1720 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06006 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : massmedia * partnership Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

O jakém partnerství píší noviny

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Patočková, Věra

2008-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 2 (2008), s. 14-15 ISSN 1214-1720 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06006 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : massmedia * partnership Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Genderová rovnost v evropské vědní politice: politická ekonomie strukturální změny

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela

2011-01-01

Roč. 19, č. 2 (2011), s. 8-22 ISSN 1210-6658 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK08007 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender * science policy * modes of mattering Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

The uncomfortable Past in Opinions of German Students

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Novotný, Lukáš

2005-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 1 (2005), s. 10-11 ISSN 1214-7567 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IBS7028301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Public Opinion in German y Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Nonresident Father Involvement: Do Mothers and Fathers See Eye-to-Eye? An Investigation of the Impact of Reporting Discrepancies on Parameter Estimates

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

styles ( Baumrind , 1968) Authoritarian parenting is characterized by high levels of parental demands, supervision, and discipline and a relative...Being of Mothers, Fathers, and Children." Demography 37(2). Baumrind , D. (1968). "Authoritarian vs. authoritative parental control." Adolescence 3

Significant others and the importance of ancestry for Czech national identity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Plecitá, Klára

(2018) ISSN 1460-8944 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LG12023 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : national identity * ancestry * immigration Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14608944.2017.1362378

Kontinuita a změna přesvědčení o distributivní spravedlnosti v České republice v letech 1991 až 2009

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matějů, P.; Smith, Michael

2012-01-01

Roč. 48, č. 1 (2012), s. 65-84 ISSN 0038-0288 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0109 Keywords : distributive justice * legitimacy of inequality * meritocracy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.652, year: 2012

Genderové aspekty rozchodu manželství

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Dudová, Radka

2004-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 4 (2004), s. 9-10 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : divorce * division of domestic labour * custody Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

73 Exploring the Social and Environmental Determinants of Child ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management Vol.2 No.3 2009. 1Department of .... biological, social and cultural “any or all of which can influence health ..... Doctoral Thesis in Demography, University de. Paris I. Galea, S and ...

Leopold Pospíšil: Empirická kritika marxismu

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2007-01-01

Roč. 9, 2-3 (2007), s. 39-63 ISSN 1212-8112 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280701 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Marxism * Sociology of religion * Czech sociology Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Qui est pauvre en Republique tcheque?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Večerník, Jiří

2005-01-01

Roč. 41, č. 1051 (2005), s. 30-41 ISSN 0590-0239 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028351 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : poverty * social policy * employment policy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Sociální zabezpečení v Číně: seminář s doc. Zhang Zhimin

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Uhde, Zuzana

2011-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 2 (2011), s. 106-108 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : China * social security * comparative analysis Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Viníci, či oběti? Rozpolcená paměť zemi nacistické osy v komparaci

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Novotný, Lukáš

2005-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 1 (2005), s. 9 ISSN 1210-7050 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : collective memory * cultural memory * communicative memory Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Community orientation of general practitioners in 34 countries.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groenewegen, P.

2017-01-01

Background: General practitioners (GPs) differ roughly speaking in whether they care for patients that visit their practice or whether they have a responsibility for a population. As a consequence of changes in demography (aging populations), epidemiology (multimorbidity) and healthcare policy, an

Hanford site environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isaacson, R.E.

1976-01-01

A synopsis is given of the detailed characterization of the existing environment at Hanford. The following aspects are covered: demography, land use, meteorology, geology, hydrology, and seismology. It is concluded that Hanford is one of the most extensively characterized nuclear sites

HRD in the Netherlands. Participation and costs

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Streumer, Jan; Wognum, Ida; Kwakman, C.H.E.; van der Heijden, Beatrice; van Zolingen, S.J.

2002-01-01

Developments in economy, technology and demography have profound consequences for the training function in organisations. Training is, for instance, no longer an isolated activity for which training professionals alone are responsible. It has been given a strategic function. Training professionals

Statistika o ženách: Mzdové nerovnosti žen a mužů na vedoucích a řídících pozicích

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rezková, Miluše

2002-01-01

Roč. 3, 2-3 (2002), s. 15 ISSN 1213-0028 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : pay gap between women and men in management * discrimination of women on the labour market Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

„Kdybych o tom mluvila, asi bych to nenazvala sexuálním obtěžováním.“ Sexuální obtěžování ve vysokoškolském prostředí z perspektivy studujících

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vohlídalová, Marta

2011-01-01

Roč. 19, č. 2 (2011), s. 23-35 ISSN 1210-6658 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK08007 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : sexual harassment * gender * anti-harassment policy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Rozdíly v matematické a čtenářské gramotnosti chlapců a dívek a raná selekce: trendy v obou zemích po rozdělení Československa

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Federičová, Miroslava; Münich, Daniel

2014-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 1 (2014), s. 27-45 ISSN 1802-4637 Institutional support: PRVOUK-P23 Keywords : gender gap * education * reading and mathematical literacy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.orbisscholae.cz/archiv/2014/2014_1_02.pdf

I Would Take any Job, but…: Biographies of Low-Educated Women at the Intersection of Class and Gender

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena; Formánková, Lenka

2012-01-01

Roč. 44, č. 6 (2012), s. 651-677 ISSN 0049-1225 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : gender * intersectionality * care Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.240, year: 2012

HRD in the Netherlands: participation and costs

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Streumer, J.N.; Wognum, I.; Kwakman, C.H.E.; Heijden, B.I.J.M. van der; Zolingen, S.J. van

2002-01-01

Developments in economy, technology and demography have profound consequences for the training function in organisations. Training is, for instance, no longer an isolated activity for which training professionals alone are responsible. It has been given a strategic function. Training professionals

Podnikání a cestovní ruch

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kušová, Drahomíra; Těšitel, Jan; Bartoš, Michael

2002-01-01

Roč. 7, zima 02 (2002), s. 8-9 ISSN 0862-5166 Grant - others:GA-(EU) QLK5-CT-2000-01211-SPRITE Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6087904 Keywords : tourism * business * national park Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Identity of non-self-evident nation: Czech national identity after the break-up of Czechoslovakia and before accession to the European Union

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vlachová, Klára; Řeháková, Blanka

2009-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 2 (2009), s. 254-279 ISSN 1354-5078 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/02/1500 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : European Union * ISSP * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Mezi-krajské a vnitro-krajské rozdíly v dostupnosti tržního nájemního bydlení

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lux, Martin; Mikeszová, Martina

2009-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 4 (2009), s. 46-48 ISSN 1212-0855 R&D Projects: GA MMR WD-05-07-3 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : regional differences * housing affordability * rental housing Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

The contribution of intra- and interspecific tolerance variability to biodiversity changes along chemical gradients

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Laender, de F.; Melian, C.; Bindler, R.; Brink, van den P.J.; Daam, M.; Roussel, H.; Juselius, J.; Verschuren, D.E.C.M.; Janssen, C.R.

2014-01-01

The worldwide distribution of toxicants is an important yet understudied driver of biodiversity, and the mechanisms relating toxicity to diversity have not been adequately explored. Here, we present a community model integrating demography, dispersal and toxicant-induced effects on reproduction

Economics | Page 12 | IDRC - International Development Research ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

The book is a bona fide crystal ball. It will be a must read for the next decade. David Bloom, Clarence James Gamble Professor of Economics and Demography and ... of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, USA.

Housing Price Volatility and Econometrics

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sunega, Petr; Lux, Martin; Zemčík, Petr

2014-01-01

Roč. 1, č. 2 (2014), s. 70-78 ISSN 2336-2839 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/12/1446 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 ; RVO:67985998 Keywords : econometrics * housing prices * price bubbles Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Mediating Scandal in Contemporary Japan

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pruša, Igor

-, č. 7 (2017) E-ISSN 2264-4733 Institutional support: RVO:68378009 Keywords : Japanese media * journalistic practices * media scandal * media ritual * scandal media tion process Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology http://frenchjournalformediaresearch.com/docannexe/file/1145/prusa_pdf.pdf

Vzdělávací politika a mezinárodní výzkumy výsledků vzdělávání v ČR

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Straková, Jana

2009-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 3 (2009), s. 103-118 ISSN 1802-4637 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : international comparative surveys * education policy * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.orbisscholae.cz/archiv/2009_03.pdf

Identifikace potřebnosti sociálního bydlení v jednotlivých obcích ČR

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mikeszová, Martina; Boumová, Irena

2017-01-01

Roč. 20, č. 1 (2017), s. 6-12 ISSN 1212-0855 R&D Projects: GA TA ČR TD03000050 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : social housing need * market failure * methodology Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology

Současné urbanizační pochody a obytné prostředí jako součást kvality života ve vnitřních částech evropských velkoměst

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Klusáček, Petr; Vaishar, Antonín

2008-01-01

Roč. 2008, č. 25 (2008), s. 145-157. ISBN 978-80-970076-1-4. ISSN 1210-3519 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z3086906 Keywords : quality of life * perception * reurbanization * inner zones * target groups Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

„I do not mind immigrants, it is immigration that bothers me“: The inconsistency of immigration attitudes in Europe

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Čermáková, Dita; Leontiyeva, Yana

2017-01-01

Roč. 122, č. 4 (2017), s. 500-525 ISSN 1212-0014 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : immigration * attitudes towards immigrants in Europe * personalized and general attitudes Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology Impact factor: 0.580, year: 2016

Rodičovská dovolená a genderová (ne)rovnost v rodině a na trhu práce

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maříková, Hana

2004-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 4 (2004), s. 28 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : parental leave * parental allowance * gender identities Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Muži a rodičovská dovolená

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maříková, Hana

2004-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 19 (2004), s. 4-6 ISSN 1212-1517 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : parental leave * forced fathers * nurthuring fathers Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Založení skupiny pro sociální výzkum globalizace

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Uhde, Zuzana

2011-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 2 (2011), s. 94-99 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : globalization * research network * social research Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Hlavní výsledky ze srovnávací analýzy financování studia na VŠ a vývoje nerovností v šancích na dosažení VŠ vzdělání v České republice a v Nizozemsku

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matějů, Petr; Konečný, Tomáš; Weidnerová, S.

2009-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 6 (2009), s. 3-4 ISSN 1214-1720 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0109 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : family * transformation * educational inequalities * education Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Biophilia as the invariant in human thinking - A case study the town of Tábor

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Těšitel, Jan; Kušová, Drahomíra; Bartoš, Michael

2001-01-01

Roč. 53, č. 1 (2001), s. 29-36 ISSN 0169-2046 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6087904 Keywords : biophilia needs * urban and landscape planning * housing estate Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.477, year: 2001

Otcové v péči o děti

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maříková, Hana

2006-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 1 (2006), s. 11-12 ISSN 1214-1720 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280504 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : fathering * parenting Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography www.socioweb.cz

Academic couples, parenthood and women’s research careers

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vohlídalová, Marta

2017-01-01

Roč. 16, 2-3 (2017), s. 166-182 ISSN 1474-9041 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LE12003 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Academic careers * academic couples * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology

Sociologie jako cesta ke štěstí, česká verze

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2013-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 4 (2013), s. 481-497 ISSN 1210-0250 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/11/1521 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : sociology – history of * Czech sociology * happiness Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Sport pro všechny? Sociální nerovnosti a sportovní aktivity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Špaček, Ondřej

2011-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 1 (2011), s. 53-78 ISSN 1214-813X R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06014 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : sport participation * social stratification * leisure Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Matter-of-fact assessing of the Past prevails

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Houžvička, Václav

2006-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 7 (2006), s. 27-30 ISSN 0543-7962 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IBS7028301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Czech-Germans * public opinion * history Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Akademie čili nevěstinec

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cidlinská, Kateřina

(2015) ISSN 0862-5921 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Library of the Czech Academy of Sciences * exhibition * nudes Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.lidovky.cz/akademie-cili-nevestinec-08h-/kultura.aspx?c=A151106_165942_ln_kultura_ELE

Za 2 roky doktorát, za 3 dítě, cesta do USA: vědecká dráha v kontextu biografického plánování

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Červinková, Alice

2004-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 2 (2004), s. 21-25 ISSN 1214-1909 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK 437 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : early stage researchers * biographical planning * academic path Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Odpověď v anketě na téma „Česko je téměř nejhorší v Evropě, co se týče nerovnosti šancí získat kvalitní vzdělání; na VŠ studují především potomci vysokoškoláků, zatímco děti dělníků končí s výučním listem. Co s tím?“

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Simonová, Natalie

2010-01-01

Roč. 21, 26-27 (2010), s. 4 ISSN 0862-6545 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0109 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : education al inequality * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Interakce rodiny a školy pohledem matek

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vojtíšková, Kateřina

2010-01-01

Roč. 60, č. 2 (2010), s. 115-126 ISSN 0031-3815 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06014 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : focus groups * family * secondary education Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Defining fitness in evolutionary models

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2008-12-23

Dec 23, 2008 ... guish it from rates of increase calculated with other factors included). .... offspring produced by a female at the end of the season that survive to ...... VII. The demography and evolution of iteroparity. Am. Nat. 133, 901–923.

The Constitutional Debate: A One Man Show? Václav Klaus and the Constitutional Discourse in the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rakušanová, Petra

2007-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 8 (2007), s. 342-373 ISSN 1570-5854 Grant - others:VW Stiftung(DE) 218036 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : European Constitutional Treaty * European constitutional ratification * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Annual environmental monitoring report, January-December 1985

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1986-03-01

A general description of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, the site's climate, geology, facility water usage, land use, and demography of the area is given. The environmental status for 1985 is reported with respect to non-radioactive and radioactive discharge

Acces to Czech Social Survey Data

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Krejčí, Jindřich

2002-01-01

Roč. 38, č. 6 (2002), s. 809-826 ISSN 0038-0288 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : social science data archives * research infrastructures * comparative surveys Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.113, year: 2002

GMO - pohled sociálních věd

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Seidlová, Adéla

2003-01-01

Roč. 1, 1-2 (2003), s. 21-24 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028205 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : GMO * public opinion * risk society Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Žen v samosprávě přibývá, i když pozvolna

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vajdová, Zdenka

2010-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 1 (2010), s. 36-37 ISSN 1211-0507 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06006 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : women in public administration * municipality * region Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

A note on birth interval distributions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shrestha, G.

1989-08-01

A considerable amount of work has been done regarding the birth interval analysis in mathematical demography. This paper is prepared with the intention of reviewing some probability models related to interlive birth intervals proposed by different researchers. (author). 14 refs

Zpráva z Českého fóra pro výzkum, vývoj a inovace 2010 pořádaného v rámci individuálního projektu národního MŠMT Mezinárodní audit výzkumu, vývoje a inovací v ČR a implementace jeho výsledků do strategických dokumentů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela

2010-01-01

Roč. 18, č. 3 (2010), s. 28-29 ISSN 1210-6658 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KJB700280907 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : audit * research assessment, * research policy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

What makes a Scientific Article influential?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

H.P. van Dalen (Hendrik); K. Henkens

2000-01-01

textabstractIn this paper we examine, by means of a citation analysis, which factors influence the impact of articles published in demography journals between 1990 and 1992. Several quantifiable characteristics of the articles (characteristics with respect to authors, visibility, content and

Kombinace práce, rodiny a soukromého života v životních obdobích bez dětí v domácnosti

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maříková, Hana

2014-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 3 (2014), s. 15-19 ISSN 1802-5854 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : work - life balance * life course * life span without children Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Využití family-friendly forem práce z pohledu českých mužů a žen

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hašková, Hana

-, 16-17 (2006), s. 15-16 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : family-friendly forms of work * work - life balance Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://registrace.dashofer.cz/?d=enmup&o=enl&wa=WWW05IX

Gender a občanství v multikulturní Evropě

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hašková, Hana

2007-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 1 (2007), s. 56-60 ISSN 1213-0028 Grant - others:6 RP(XE) 028746-2 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender * citizenship * multiculture Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.genderonline.cz

Možnosti skloubení práce a rodiny v životě žen

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hašková, Hana; Křížková, Alena

2002-01-01

Roč. 3, 2-3 (2002), s. 8-9 ISSN 1213-0028 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : role conflict * work arrangements for reconciliation of work and family responsibilities * flexible work arrangement Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Český spirituální trh jako předmět religionistického výzkumu

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2009-01-01

Roč. 2, č. 5 (2009), s. 7-33 ISSN 1803-2443 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Religion * spirituality * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Vegetation and floristics of a lowland tropical rainforest in northeast Australia

Science.gov (United States)

Apgaua, Deborah M. G.; Campbell, Mason J; Cox, Casey J; Crayn, Darren M; Ishida, Françoise Y; Laidlaw, Melinda J; Liddell, Michael J; Seager, Michael; Laurance, Susan G. W.

2016-01-01

Abstract Background Full floristic data, tree demography, and biomass estimates incorporating non-tree lifeforms are seldom collected and reported for forest plots in the tropics. Established research stations serve as important repositories of such biodiversity and ecological data. With a canopy crane setup within a tropical lowland rainforest estate, the 42-ha Daintree Rainforest Observatory (DRO) in Cape Tribulation, northern Australia is a research facility of international significance. We obtained an estimate of the vascular plant species richness for the site, by surveying all vascular plant species from various mature-phase, remnant and open vegetation patches within the site. We also integrate and report the demography and basal areas of trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) in a new 1-ha core plot, an extension to the pre-existing forest 1-ha plot under the canopy crane. In addition, we report for the canopy crane plot new demography and basal areas for smaller-size shrubs and treelets subsampled from nine 20 m2 quadrats, and liana basal area and abundance from the whole plot. The DRO site has an estimated total vascular plant species richness of 441 species, of which 172 species (39%) are endemic to Australia, and 4 species are endemics to the Daintree region. The 2 x 1-ha plots contains a total of 262 vascular plant species of which 116 (1531 individuals) are tree species ≥ 10 cm dbh. We estimate a stem basal area of 34.9 m2 ha-1, of which small stems (tree saplings and shrubs rainforests globally, our meta-analysis shows that DRO forests has a comparatively high stem density and moderate species diversity, due to the influence of cyclones. These data will provide an important foundation for ecological and conservation studies in lowland tropical forest. New information We present a floristic checklist, a lifeform breakdown, and demography data from two 1-ha rainforest plots from a lowland tropical rainforest study site. We also present a

Family Conflicts and Violence against Women - An International Comparison

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rendlová, Eliška

2002-01-01

Roč. 1, č. 3 (2002), s. 6-8 ISSN 1213-9920 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028205 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : public opinion * family conflicts * violence against women Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Goblet cell carcinoids

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Ingrid Holst; Holt, Nanna; Langer, Seppo W

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Appendiceal goblet cell carcinoids (GCCs) exhibit neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma features. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Analysis of demography, pathology, prognostic markers, treatment and survival in 83 GCC patients (f/m: 56/27) diagnosed 1992-2013. RESULTS: Median age for f/m was 59...

Czechs and Leisure Time

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šamanová, Gabriela; Červenka, Jan

2011-01-01

Roč. 9, 7-8 (2011), s. 1-3 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : public opinion * leisure time Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz/upl/editorial/download/192_SOCIOWEB_07_08_2011.pdf

Jsou děti z víceletých gymnázií normální puberťáci? První výsledky z focus group

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vojtíšková, Kateřina

2007-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 9 (2007), s. 3-5 ISSN 1214-1720 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06014 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : leisure activities * focus group * family Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography www.socioweb.cz

Konference Mezinárodní asociace pro feministickou ekonomii.

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena

2015-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 2 (2015), s. 102-103 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-13766S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : feminist economics * gender and powerty * gender and economic crisis * global justice Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Rostoucí význam předškolního vzdělávání

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Straková, Jana

2010-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 38 (2010), s. 6-8 ISSN 1214-5823 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0109 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : pre- primary education * women rights * disadvantaged students Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

A Bridge or a Chasm?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2003-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 2 (2003), s. 22-23 ISSN 1211-8303 Grant - others:GA-(CZ) startovací projekt AV Z7028912-I002 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : citizenship * immigrants * Czech Republic 1989- Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Náboženství a kvalita života – Psycho-sociální předpoklady

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vávra, Martin

2010-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 2 (2010), s. 3-10 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : religion * quality of life * alienation Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Koncentrační či dekoncentrační procesy? Faktory ovlivňující vnitřní migraci imigrantů v Česku.

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Janská, E.; Bernard, Josef

2015-01-01

Roč. 120, č. 4 (2015), s. 585-602 ISSN 1212-0014 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/12/1014 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : internal migration * concentration/deconcentration * Vietnamese Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.415, year: 2015

Plodnost z hlediska legitimity v regionálním pohledu

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šalamounová, Petra; Šamanová, Gabriela

2005-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 2 (2005), s. 6-9 ISSN 1212-995X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) 1QS700280552 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : fertility * region * marital status Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Subjective perception versus objective indicators of overcrowding and housing affordability

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sunega, Petr; Lux, Martin

2016-01-01

Roč. 31, č. 4 (2016), s. 695-717 ISSN 1566-4910 R&D Projects: GA ČR GB14-36154G Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Housing * Indicators * Overcrowding * Housing affordability Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 1.178, year: 2016

Combining dendrochronology and matrix modelling in demographic studies: An evaluation for Juniperus procera in Ethiopia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Couralet, C.; Sass, U.G.W.; Sterck, F.J.; Zuidema, P.A.

2005-01-01

Tree demography was analysed by applying dendrochronological techniques and matrix modelling on a static data set of Juniperus procera populations of Ethiopian dry highland forests. Six permanent sample plots were established for an inventory of diameters and 11 stem discs were collected for

Rozpady kohabitací, rozvody manželství: jiné a/nebo stejné sociální fenomény?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vohlídalová, Marta; Maříková, Hana

2011-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 2 (2011), s. 3-15 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : unmarried cohabitations * marriage * divorce Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography www.genderonline.cz

Nesezdané soužití – společné bydlení bez společné peněženky

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hamplová, Dana

2015-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 2 (2015), s. 261-278 ISSN 0038-0288 R&D Projects: GA ČR GB14-36154G Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : income management * pooling * marriage Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.262, year: 2015

Emerging Politics of Educational Policy.

Science.gov (United States)

Guthrie, James W.

1981-01-01

Demography, economics, concentrated decision making, and politicization, will constitute the future policymaking environment for education. In addition, these conditions are likely to have a direct effect upon educators themselves; they will provoke higher levels of conflict within and among education organizations. (Author/BW)

The European Social Survey (ESS): o projektu a dostupnosti dat

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Plecitá, Klára; Kalvas, František

2005-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 2 (2005), s. 14-16 ISSN 1212-995X R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) 1N04192 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : ESS * data accesibility * data services Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Zodpovídání otázek dotazníkového průzkumu: interpretace otázky

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vinopal, Jiří

2007-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 1 (2007), s. 10-14 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280702 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Public Opinion * Question Interpretation * Poll Survey Methodology Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Ženy v řídících pozicích na trhu práce I

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena

2002-01-01

Roč. 28, č. 9 (2002), s. 9-10 ISSN 0049-0962 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAB7028201 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : gende wage gap * position of women managers Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Intersekcionální perspektiva zkoumání dopadů krize na životní dráhy v ČR: gender, třída, věk (a rodičovství)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížková, Alena; Formánková, Lenka

2014-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 2 (2014), s. 61-76 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : intersectional perspective * impact of the economic crisis on employment * gender Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Enakost spolov na trgih delovne sile v Republiki Češki, na Madžarskem in v Sloveniji v obdobju gospodarske tranzicije in pristopa k Evropski uniji

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mrčela, A.; Křížková, Alena; Nagy, B.

2010-01-01

Roč. 47, č. 4 (2010), s. 646-670 ISSN 0040-3598 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280804 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender at work * gender inequalities * employment policies Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Amenity migration - driving force for rural development?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bartoš, Michael; Kušová, Drahomíra; Těšitel, Jan

2007-01-01

Roč. 4, 3-4 (2007), s. 57-69 ISSN 1841-0375 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA403/07/0714 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60870520 Keywords : Amenity migration * tourism * rural development Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Závisláci na žebříčcích, excelence a genderové předsudky. Zpráva z workshopu Empowering Women and Advancing Gender in Research and Innovation

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela

2014-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 1 (2014), s. 74-78 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LE12003 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.genderonline.cz/cs/issue/36-rocnik-15-cislo-1-2014/405

Ženy drží polovinu oblohy: Zpráva z Genderového summitu 2012

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela

2013-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 1 (2013), s. 99-105 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LE12003 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Gender Summit * gender in research and innovation * European research and development policy Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Tschechisch-deutsche Partnerschaft und ihr Einfluss auf die grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Houžvička, Václav

2005-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 1 (2005), s. 1-3 ISSN 1214-7559 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IBS7028301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : European Union * local elites * cross/border cooperation Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Czech-German Cross-Border Cooperation in the enlarged European Union

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Houžvička, Václav

2005-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 1 (2005), s. 1-3 ISSN 1214-7567 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IBS7028301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : European Union * local elites * cross/border cooperation Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Česko-německá přeshraniční spolupráce v rozšířené Evropské unii

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Houžvička, Václav

2005-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 1 (2005), s. 1-3 ISSN 1214-4622 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IBS7028301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : European Union * local elites * cross/border cooperation Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

No two ageisms are the same: testing measurement invariance in ageism experience across Europe

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Trusinová, Romana

2014-01-01

Roč. 17, č. 6 (2014), s. 659-675 ISSN 1364-5579 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LM2010012 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : measurement invariance * ageism * European Social Survey Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.784, year: 2014

Gender and entrepreneurial intentions in a transition economy context: case of the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Branchet, B.; Křížková, Alena

2015-01-01

Roč. 25, č. 3 (2015), s. 260-281 ISSN 1476-1297 R&D Projects: GA TA ČR(CZ) TD020134; GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : entrepreneurship * gender * entrepreneurial intentions Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

„Postdokovat po světě“: genderové politiky akademické mobility

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Červinková, Alice

2010-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 1 (2010), s. 49-59 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2E08057 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : mobility * gender * postdocs Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.genderonline.cz

From Quantitative to Qualitative Differences: Testing MMI and EMI in the Czech Secondary School System in the First Decade of the 21st Century

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Katrňák, T.; Simonová, Natalie; Fónadová, L.

2016-01-01

Roč. 46, Part B (2016), s. 157-171 ISSN 0276-5624 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : education * inequality * social stratification Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 1.033, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027656241630141X

Role paměti při zodpovídání výzkumných dotazů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vinopal, Jiří

2007-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 2 (2007), s. 25-29 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280702 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Public Opinion Poll * Survey Methodology * Memory Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Český filmový divák. Sociologická charakterizace na základě kvantitativních šetření

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vávra, Martin; Špaček, Ondřej; Čížek, Tomáš

2010-01-01

Roč. 23, č. 4 (2010), s. 107-125 ISSN 0862-397X R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06014 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : cultural consumption * cinema attendance * cultural capital Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Multiple temporalities of knowing in academic research

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Smith, Simon

2015-01-01

Roč. 54, č. 2 (2015), s. 149-176 ISSN 0539-0184 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/11/0127 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : academic research * career * Czech Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.473, year: 2015

use of telecommunication and information technologies by inhabitants of small Moravian towns

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kallabová, Eva; Frantál, Bohumil

2005-01-01

Roč. 13, č. 1 (2005), s. 25-37 ISSN 1210-8812 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA3086301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z3086906 Keywords : small towns * ICT * telecommunication * regional development Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

78 FR 11821 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Low-Energy Marine Geophysical Survey...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-20

... engines and an 80 horsepower (hp) Schottel bowthruster. Electrical power is provided by two Caterpillar... (ms). The sub-bottom profiler is operated continuously during survey operations. Power levels of the... receiving animals (hearing, motivation, experience, demography) and is also difficult to predict (Richardson...

Opium notně vyčichlé? Náboženské procesy pozdní moderny v západní a východní Evropě

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2007-01-01

Roč. 14, 2-3 (2007), s. 269-304 ISSN 1210-7050 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/06/0574 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Sociology of Religion * Czech Religion * European Religion Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Nedostatky českého vzdělávacího systému z pohledu mezinárodních šetření

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Straková, Jana

2008-01-01

Roč. 17, č. 1 (2008), s. 89-102 ISSN 1335-5589 R&D Projects: GA MPS(CZ) 1J/005/04-DP2 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : PISA * TIMSS * curricular reform Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Rodičovská na český způsob

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Uhde, Zuzana

2007-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 2 (2007), s. 97-101 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR 1QS700280503 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : care * gender * conference Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography www. gender online.cz

Křesťanství a homosexualita v USA

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Putna, Martin

2009-01-01

Roč. 20, č. 4 (2009), s. 46-61 ISSN 0862-6928 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Christian theology * homosexuality * sociology of religion Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Market-Based Housing Finance Efficiency in the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sunega, Petr; Lux, Martin

2007-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 3 (2007), s. 241-273 ISSN 1461-6718 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/06/0915 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : housing finance * transition economies * finance efficiency Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Proč české domácnosti nepobírají příspěvek na bydlení?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sunega, Petr

2011-01-01

Roč. 9, č. 5 (2011), s. 4-5 ISSN 1214-1720 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/09/1915 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : Housing * social politics Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz/

Quantitative Methodology in Sociology: The Last Twenty-five Years.

Science.gov (United States)

Schuessler, Karl F.

1980-01-01

Argues that recent work in research methods in sociology consists largely of adapting methods developed elsewhere (statistics, demography, economics) for answering relatively simple questions about social change. These questions reflect practical as well as theoretical concerns. Discusses social indicators, social forecasting, cohort, occupational…

Otec v péči o dítě a při jeho výchově

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Maříková, Hana

2006-01-01

Roč. 2, č. 3 (2006) R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280504 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : fathering * parenting Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://zpravodaj.feminismus.cz/clanek.shtml?x=1552101&als[nm]=1544383

Politická kultura: koncept a mínění české veřejnosti

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Škodová, Markéta

2007-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 2 (2007), s. 20-24 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280702 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : political culture * public opinion * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Paradox „opia lidu“. Náboženství a (ne)spokojenost v současné české společnosti

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nešpor, Zdeněk

2013-01-01

Roč. 100, č. 4 (2013), s. 409-425 ISSN 0009-0794 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/11/1521 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : religion * happiness * satisfaction Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.094, year: 2012

„Je nutné, aby lidi měli pocit, že na tom večírku musí být“: Zpráva z konference Strukturální změna na podporu genderové rovnosti ve výzkumných organizacích

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela

2014-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 1 (2014), s. 78-84 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LE12003 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.genderonline.cz/cs/issue/36-rocnik-15-cislo-1-2014/406

Social housing in the Czech Republic: the change of a trend?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lux, Martin; Sunega, Petr

2017-01-01

Roč. 4, č. 1 (2017), s. 81-89 ISSN 2336-2839 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA16-06335S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : Eastern European housing * social housing * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology

Forty Percent of Czech Households Cannot Afford a Week’s Holiday! Material Deprivation in the Czech Republic and European Countries

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mysíková, Martina

2011-01-01

Roč. 9, 7-8 (2011), s. 13-15 ISSN 1214-1720 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : inequalities * Europe * leisure time Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz/upl/editorial/download/192_SOCIOWEB_07_08_2011.pdf

Zpráva z výroční konference Britské sociologické asociace: Glasgow 7. - 9. dubna 2010

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Formánková, Lenka

2010-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 1 (2010), s. 95-100 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA700280804 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : BSA * inequalities * social justice Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.genderonline.cz

Vývoj naděje dožití v České a Slovenské republice od rozdělení společného státu

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kurtinová, Olga; Otáhalová, H.

2014-01-01

Roč. 20, č. 2 (2014), s. 47-74 ISSN 0567-8293 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP404/11/0145 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : development of the population * life expectancy in good health * decomposition Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Sny a traumata českého voliče

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Březinová, Kristina

2013-01-01

Roč. 24, č. 52 (2013), s. 34-35 ISSN 1210-1168 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : political activity * presidential election * direct election of the Czech president Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://data.idnes.cz/mfdnes/kavarna/pdf/2013/kavarna-20130302.pdf

Archivace sociálněvědních dat: principy, technologie, standardy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Krejčí, Jindřich; Vávra, Martin; Čížek, Tomáš

2011-01-01

Roč. 61, č. 3 (2011), s. 245-272 ISSN 0004-0398 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LA09010 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : archiving social science data * data management * Nesstar software Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Unsere Deutschen? Einstellungen in den tschechischen Grenzgebieten zur deutsch-tschechischen Vergangenheit

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Novotný, Lukáš

2005-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 1 (2005), s. 161-180. ISBN 80-7106-731-8 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028301 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : collective memory * cultural memory * communicative memory Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Česká sociologie, empirický výzkum a zdroje dat

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Čížek, Tomáš

2009-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 2 (2009), s. 27-32 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA MŠk LA09010 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : empirical sociological research * data archives * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Co dělají poslanecké kluby, když hlasují ů loajalita a disciplína v Poslanecké Sněmovně

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linek, Lukáš

2002-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 6 (2002), s. 5-8 ISSN 1211-037X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA407/00/0747 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : parliamentaryparty groups * parliament * party discipline Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Ve Velké Británii je akademické prostředí vnímáno jako poslední bašta maskulinismu. Rozhovor Marcely Linkové s Barbarou Bagilhole

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Linková, Marcela

2011-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 2 (2011), s. 58-63 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK08007 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender and science * research assessment * feminism Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography www.genderonline.cz

2. národní konference o ženách a vědě. Genderová rovnost jako sociální inovace: Rovné příležitosti v měnícím se vědeckém prostředí

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tenglerová, Hana

2011-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 2 (2011), s. 99-106 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OK08007 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender and science * research assessment * feminism Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography www.genderonline.cz

Seminář Gender v kontextu globalizace: feminismus, multikulturalismus a rozvoj

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolářová, Marta

2009-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 2 (2009), s. 64-68 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR 1QS700280503 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : gender * globalization * feminism Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.genderonline.cz

Rozvoj občanské společnosti a demokracie pohledem mladých Čechů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Basl, Josef; Straková, Jana; Veselý, A.

2009-01-01

Roč. 59, č. 4 (2009), s. 365-379 ISSN 0031-3815 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA403/08/0109 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : civic attitudes * civic activities * secondary school students Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Rural Idyll Without Rural Sociology? Changing Features, Functions and Research of the Czech Countryside

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šimon, Martin; Bernard, Josef

2016-01-01

Roč. 22, č. 1 (2016), s. 53-68 ISSN 1232-8855 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-10602S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : rural areas * rural idyll * Czechia Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.722, year: 2016

Housing restitution policies among post-socialist countries: explaining divergence.

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lux, Martin; Cirman, A.; Sunega, Petr

2017-01-01

Roč. 17, č. 1 (2017), s. 145-156 ISSN 1461-6718 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA16-06335S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : housing privatisation * property restitution * post-socialist countries Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography OBOR OECD: Sociology