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Sample records for del protooncogen ret

  1. A germline RET proto-oncogene mutation in multiple members of an ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a rare cancer associated-syndrome, inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and caused by germline mutation in RET proto-oncogene. Clinical diagnosis depends on the manifestation of two or more certain endocrine tumors in an individual, such as ...

  2. Plasma levels of calcitonin in medullary thyroid carcinoma patients with and without the RET proto-oncogene mutations in exons 10 and 11

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samira Ehyayi

    2017-09-01

    Conclusion: Routine measurement of calcitonin has been investigated as a screening method for the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma patients. Nevertheless, additional data are required to definitely support routine measurement of calcitonin due to the role of RET proto-oncogene.

  3. Mutation analysis of the RET proto-oncogene in Dutch families with MEN 2A, MEN 2B and FMTC : Two novel mutations and one de novo mutation for MEN 2A

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Landsvater, RM; Jansen, RPM; Hofstra, RMW; Buys, CHCM; Lips, CJM; vanAmstel, HKP

    Hereditary C-cell carcinoma is encountered in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A), MEN 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are associated with all three diseases. To obtain an insight into the molecular heterogeneity of MEN 2 syndromes

  4. No mutations found by RET mutation scanning in sporadic and hereditary neuroblastoma

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hofstra, R. M.; Cheng, N. C.; Hansen, C.; Stulp, R. P.; Stelwagen, T.; Clausen, N.; Tommerup, N.; Caron, H.; Westerveld, A.; Versteeg, R.; Buys, C. H.

    1996-01-01

    Neuroblastoma occasionally occurs in diseases associated with abnormal neurocrest differentiation, e.g. Hirschsprung disease. Expression studies in developing mice suggest that the proto-oncogene RET plays a role in neurocrest differentiation. In humans expression of RET is limited to certain tumor

  5. Enhanced sensitivity of the RET proto-oncogene to ionizing radiation in vitro.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Volpato, Claudia Béu; Martínez-Alfaro, Minerva; Corvi, Raffaella; Gabus, Coralie; Sauvaigo, Sylvie; Ferrari, Pietro; Bonora, Elena; De Grandi, Alessandro; Romeo, Giovanni

    2008-11-01

    Exposure to ionizing radiation is a well-known risk factor for a number of human cancers, including leukemia and thyroid cancer. It has been known for a long time that exposure of cells to radiation results in extensive DNA damage; however, a small number of studies have tried to explain the mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. The high prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangements in patients who have received external radiation, and the evidence of in vitro induction of RET rearrangements in human cells, suggest an enhanced sensitivity of the RET genomic region to damage by ionizing radiation. To assess whether RET is indeed more sensitive to radiations than other genomic regions, we used a COMET assay coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization, which allows the measurement of DNA fragmentation in defined genomic regions of single cells. We compared the initial DNA damage of the genomic regions of RET, CXCL12/SDF1, ABL, MYC, PLA2G2A, p53, and JAK2 induced by ionizing radiation in both a lymphoblastoid and a fetal thyroid cell line. In both cell lines, RET fragmentation was significantly higher than in other genomic regions. Moreover, a differential distribution of signals within the COMET was associated with a higher percentage of RET fragments in the tail. RET was more susceptible to fragmentation in the thyroid-derived cells than in lymphoblasts. This enhanced susceptibility of RET to ionizing radiation suggests the possibility of using it as a radiation exposure marker.

  6. A rare mutation in the RET-protooncogen associated with mixed medullary-follicular micro-carcinoma of the thyroid gland

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Richter, K.; Huwe, A.; Boldt, H.; Dresel, S. [Nuklearmedizinische Klinik, HELIOS-Klinikum Berlin-Buch (Germany); Geipel, D. [St.-Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Bereich Endokrine Chirurgie (Germany); Mairinger, T. [Inst. fuer Pathologie, HELIOS-Klinikum Emil von Behring (Germany); Schwabe, M. [Inst. fuer Pathologie, Charite Berlin Campus Mitte (Germany)

    2008-07-01

    Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid and accounts for 1% to 10% of all thyroid cancers (1). MTC can be sporadic or hereditary. Hereditary MTC represents 20% to 30% of all MTC with an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission and a high degree of penetrance (>90%). It can be transmitted as a single entity (sporadic), familial MTC (FMTC), or it can arise as part of a multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome type 2A or 2B. Both genders are equally affected. (1, 9) The identification of hereditary MTC has been facilitated in recent years by the direct analysis of germline point mutations of the RET(rearranged during transfection)-protooncogene, a 21 exon gene that encodes a plasma membrane-bound tyrosine kinase receptor, localised on chromosome 10q11.2, which is expressed in tissues derived from the neural crest. To date codon mutations in nine different exons were identified (7, 8, 16, 22, 29) causing MEN 2A (MTC in combination with pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism, including rare variants with Hirschsprung's disease and cutaneous lichen amyloidosis), FMTC (MTC as a sole disease phenotype) and MEN 2B (MTC in combination with pheochromocytoma, multiple mucosa neuromas, and marfanoid habitus). The most common mutation, accounting for over 80% of all mutations associated with MEN 2A (or Sipple's) syndrome affects codon 634 in exon 11 of the RET-protooncogene. Other mutations affect codon 630 in exon 11, and codons 609, 611, 618, 620 in exon 10 - they also cause FMTC, although some have a classic MEN 2A syndrome. 5% to 10% of families with FMTC have mutations that affect codons 768, 790, 791 in exon 13: codons 804, 844 in exon 14, and codon 891 in exon 15 (3, 4, 10). The much more aggressive MEN 2B is caused by a single mutation converting a methionine into a threonine at codon 918 in exon 16, and has been identified in approximately 95% of patients with MEN 2B. Other rare mutations associated with MEN 2

  7. No mutations found by RET mutation scanning in sporadic and hereditary neuroblastoma

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hofstra, RMW; Cheng, NC; Stulp, RP; Stelwagen, T; Clausen, N; Tommerup, N; Caron, H; Westerveld, A; Buys, CHCM

    Neuroblastoma occasionally occurs in diseases associated with abnormal neurocrest differentiation, e.g. Hirschsprung disease. Expression studies in developing mice suggest that the proto-oncogene RET plays a role in neurocrest differentiation. In humans expression of RT is limited to certain tumor

  8. Germline mutation of RET proto-oncogene’s exons 17 and 18 in Iranian medullary thyroid carcinoma patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marjan Zarif Yeganeh

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC approximately accounts for 5-10% of all thyroid carcinoma. Nowadays, it is obviously, the mutations in REarranged during transfection (RET proto-oncogene, especially, mutations in exons 10, 11 and 16 are associated with MTC pathogenesis and occurrence. Thus, early diagnosis of MTC by mutation detection in RET proto-oncogene allows to identify patients who do not have any developed symptoms. The aim of this study was to screening of germline mutations in RET proto-oncogene exons 17 and 18 in MTC patients and their first degree relatives in Iranian population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, three hundred eleven participates (190 patients, 121 their relatives were referred to endocrine research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science during September 2013 until September 2015. The inclusion criteria were pathological and clinical diagnosis. After whole blood sampling, genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes using the standard Salting Out/Proteinase K method. Nucleotide change detection in exons 17 and 18 was performed using PCR and direct DNA sequencing methods. Results: In this study, twenty missense mutations [CGC>TGC, c.2944C>T, p.Arg982Cys (rs17158558] which included 16 heterozygote and 4 homozygote mutations were found in codon 982 (exon 18. In the present study, 154 G>A (rs2742236 and 4 C>T (rs370072408 nucleotide changes were detected in exons 18 and intron 17 respectively. There was no mutation in exon 17. Conclusion: It seems that because of arginine to cysteine substitutions in RET tyrosine kinase protein structure and its polyphen score (0.955 and SIFT score (0.01 the mutation in codon 982 (exon 18 could be have pathogenic effects. On the other hands, the mentioned mutation frequency was 6.4% among MTC patients, so this mutation of exon 18 could be checked in genetic screening tests of RET

  9. Replication pattern of the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10q and expression of the RET protooncogene.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cinti, R; Schena, F; Passalacqua, M; Ceccherini, I; Ravazzolo, R

    2004-08-15

    Regulation of the RET gene is highly specific during embryo development and is strictly tissue-specific. Control of transcription depends on mechanisms influenced by epigenetic processes, in particular, histone acetylation at regions flanking the 5' end of the gene. Since the RET gene is mapped in the pericentromeric region of the human chromosome 10, the implication of epigenetic processes is even more striking and worth to be investigated in an extended chromosomal tract. One experimental approach to study the chromatin status in relationship with gene transcription is to assess the replication timing, which we did by using fluorescent in situ hybridization in cells expressing or not expressing the RET gene. By using probes spanning a 700-kb genomic region from the RET locus toward the centromere, we found a relationship between RET expression and early replication. Different patterns were observed between cells naturally expressing RET and cells induced to expression of RET by treatment with sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Three-dimensional analysis of the nuclear localization of fluorescent signals by confocal microscopy showed difference of localization between the RET probe and a probe for a housekeeping gene, G3PDH, located at 12p13.3, in cells that do not express RET, in accordance with previous data for other genes and chromosomal regions. However, RET-expressing cells showed a localization of signals which was not consistent with that expected for expressed genes.

  10. A newly detected mutation of the RET protooncogene in exon 8 as a cause of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bethanis, Sotirios; Koutsodontis, George; Palouka, Theodosia; Avgoustis, Christos; Yannoukakos, Drakoulis; Bei, Thalia; Papadopoulos, Savas; Linos, Dimitrios; Tsagarakis, Stylianos

    2007-01-01

    Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a syndrome of familial neoplasias characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. RET protooncogene mutations are responsible for MEN 2A. Mutations in exons 10 or 11 have been identified in more than 96% of patients with MEN 2A. We herein report for the first time a patient with MEN 2A harboring a mutation (Gly(533)Cys) in exon 8. A 66-year old male patient was referred to our department for bilateral adrenal nodules. The patient's family history was remarkable in that his mother had pheochromocytoma. Biochemical evaluation and findings of the magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenals were compatible with the diagnosis of bilateral pheochromocytomas. The patient underwent laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy and histological examination confirmed the preoperative diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Absence of phenotypic characteristics of VHL or NF1 and elevated calcitonin levels both basal and post pentagastrin stimulation, raised the possibility of MEN 2A syndrome. Total thyroidectomy was performed and histological examination showed the presence of MTC. Direct sequencing of exon 8 from the patient's genomic DNA revealed the mutation c.1,597G-->T (Gly533Cys). Although this missense point mutation has been associated with familial MTC (FMTC), to the best of our knowledge mutations in exon 8 have not previously been identified in patients with MEN 2A. In conclusion, in patients with clinical suspicion of MEN 2A syndrome, analysis of RET exon 8 should be considered when the routine evaluation of MEN 2A-associated mutations is negative. Furthermore, patients with FMTC and exon 8 mutations should also be screened for pheochromocytoma.

  11. A germline RET proto-oncogene mutation in multiple members of an ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Makia Marafie

    2016-09-17

    Sep 17, 2016 ... The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics (2017) 18, 193–197. HOSTED BY ... been reported in 85% of tested individuals, nearly 50% of them are amino acid .... [1] Krampitz GW, Norton JA. RET gene mutations ...

  12. Konsulent året rundt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stenderup, Mogens Larsen; Næsby, Torben

    Udgangspunktet for indholdet i Konsulent året rundt har været konsulenttjenesten i Aalborg Kommunes Reggio Emilia projekt. Konsulenter spiller en væsentlig rolle i de pædagogiske analyser og fungerer som en helt integreret del af praksis i denne filosofi. Derfor får konsulentarbejdet en helt...

  13. Retóricas sobre el fraccionamiento del Partido Liberal en Medellín: 1958-1986

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    Juan Carlos Arenas Gómez

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo pretende poner en evidencia los motivos y analizar las razones esgrimidas por los miembros de los partidos cuando protagonizan un proceso de fragmentación. Aborda las retóricas o conjunto de argumentos utilizados, de manera individual o colectiva, por los miembros del partido liberal en Medellín para justificar los procesos de fragmentación y su desmonte durante el Frente Nacional. El examen se estructura a partir del vínculo entre dichas retóricas y las problemáticas que afrontan las organizaciones partidistas y los individuos que actúan dentro de ellas para mantenerse vigentes: en primer lugar, la aplicación de reglas del juego impuestas tanto por el sistema político como por las autoridades del partido; en segundo lugar, las tensiones surgidas tanto alrededor de la selección de candidatos a cargos públicos como del reparto burocrático; en tercer lugar, las elecciones y los resultados que los partidos obtienen en ellas.

  14. Proteomic Identification of DNA-PK Involvement within the RET Signaling Pathway.

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    Lyle J Burdine

    Full Text Available Constitutive activation of the Rearranged during Transfection (RET proto-oncogene leads to the development of MEN2A medullary thyroid cancer (MTC. The relatively clear genotype/phenotype relationship seen with RET mutations and the development of MEN2A is unusual in the fact that a single gene activity can drive the progression towards metastatic disease. Despite knowing the oncogene responsible for MEN2A, MTC, like most tumors of neural crest origin, remains largely resistant to chemotherapy. Constitutive activation of RET in a SK-N-MC cell line model reduces cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In an attempt to identify components of the machinery responsible for the observed RET induced chemoresistance, we performed a proteomic screen of histones and associated proteins in cells with a constitutively active RET signaling pathway. The proteomic approach identified DNA-PKcs, a DNA damage response protein, as a target of the RET signaling pathway. Active DNA-PKcs, which is phosphorylated at site serine 2056 and localized to chromatin, was elevated within our model. Treatment with the RET inhibitor RPI-1 significantly reduced s2056 phosphorylation in RET cells as well as in a human medullary thyroid cancer cell line. Additionally, inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity diminished the chemoresistance observed in both cell lines. Importantly, we show that activated DNA-PKcs is elevated in medullary thyroid tumor samples and that expression correlates with expression of RET in thyroid tumors. These results highlight one mechanism by which RET signaling likely primes cells for rapid response to DNA damage and suggests DNA-PKcs as an additional target in MTC.

  15. Retórica aplicada a la Enseñanza del Diseño Gráfico

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    Roberto Gamonal Arroyo

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Los conceptos fundamentales de la Retórica para la creación del discurso se pueden trasladar al Diseño Gráfico con la finalidad de construir piezas gráficas que son consideradas, a su vez, discursos visuales. En este sentido, tanto las operaciones retóricas como las figuras derivadas de ellas tienen un papel fundamental como elementos detonantes de la creatividad. Para evitar el uso de las figuras como un mero recurso estilístico, un error histórico cometido por la propia Retórica, éstas se convierten en la expresión figurada de un argumento en el que se modifica su grado cero para que resulte más llamativo e impactante a la audiencia a la que va dirigida el mensaje gráfico. A través de unas simples operaciones de adición, supresión, sustitución y permutación se producen variaciones de los elementos gráficos y de su grado cero de expresión (concepto del Grupo m que se cristalizan en figuras retóricas que generan nuevas composiciones con mayor potencia expresiva y creativa. En este artículo veremos cómo los estudiantes aplican estos conceptos retóricos para la conceptualización, creación y diseño de cubiertas para libros.

  16. EGFR, ALK, RET, KRAS and BRAF alterations in never-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dong, Y U; Ren, Weihong; Qi, Jun; Jin, B O; Li, Ying; Tao, Huiqing; Xu, Ren; Li, Yanqing; Zhang, Qinxian; Han, Baohui

    2016-04-01

    Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), caused by various mutations in a spectrum of cancer driver genes, may have distinct pathological characteristics and drug responses. Extensive genetic screening and pathological characterization is required for the design of customized therapies to improve patient outcomes. Notably, NSCLC in never-smokers exhibits distinctive clinicopathological features, which are frequently associated with tumorigenic mutations, and thus may be treated as a unique disease entity. However, to the best of our knowledge, these mutations have not been extensively and accurately characterized in an NSCLC study with a large sample size. Therefore, the present study enrolled a large cohort of NSCLC patients, which consisted of 358 never-smokers, for the screening of genetic alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ret proto-oncogene (RET), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) tumorigenic genes. It was identified that the mutation rate was 47.8, 7.5, 3.6, 1.4 and 0.3% for EGFR, ALK, KRAS, RET and BRAF, respectively. In addition, clinicopathological features associated with these mutations were characterized. EGFR mutations were more frequently observed in female and older patients. By contrast, KRAS mutations were more frequently detected in male patients, and ALK and RET translocations in younger patients. The cancer cells were frequently well-differentiated in carcinoma cases exhibiting EGFR mutations, however, were less differentiated in those with ALK translocations. In conclusion, the present study determined the frequency of oncogenic alterations and associated clinicopathological features in NSCLC exhibited by never-smokers using a large sample size. The results of the present study may enrich our knowledge of NSCLC in never-smokers and provide useful insights for improvement of the outcome of molecularly targeted therapies

  17. Detección de una mutación no estándar en el Proto-oncogen RET por mutagénesis dirigida Detection of a non-standard mutation in the ret protoncogene by site directed mutagenesis

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    Sebastián Real

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available El síndrome de MEN2A es una enfermedad autosómica dominante que se caracteriza por el desarrollo de cáncer medular de tiroides, feocromocitoma e hiperplasia de paratiroides. Mutaciones en el ret proto-oncogén se asocian con MEN2A, con una penetrancia cercana al 100%. El gen se encuentra en el cromosoma 10q11.2 y codifica para una proteína transmembrana con función de receptor del tipo tirosina quinasa. Mutaciones que afectan el dominio extracelular de la proteína estimulan la dimerización espontánea del receptor y un aumento de la actividad de tirosina quinasa basal. El codón 634 codifica para una cisteína, y es considerado un sitio hot-spot por encontrarse mutado en el 85% de las familias con MEN2A. Para este sitio, nuestro grupo desarrolló en 2002 una metodología de detección indirecta y económica. Ante una familia sospechada de MEN2A, se aplicó esta estrategia, que reveló un codón 634 sano. Por posterior secuenciación se confirmó que el paciente índice portaba una mutación en el codón 611. Se desarrolló una nueva estrategia familia-específica por PCR mutagénica, que permitió diagnosticar en nuestro país a todos los integrantes de la familia con costos accesibles. Un niño en el cual se halló la mutación, fue tiroidectomizado preventivamente, y a la fecha goza de buena salud. De esta manera, combinando la estrategia de detección de mutaciones en el sitio hot-spot y un posterior diseño de otra metodología familia-específica se pudo diagnosticar e intervenir preventivamente a la familia, sin enviar todas las muestras al extranjero.MEN2A is an autosomic dominant disease, characterized by medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia. Mutations in the ret proto-oncogene are associated with this disease, with almost 100% of pennetrance. The gene, situated on chromosome 10q11.2, codes for a transmembrane protein with a tirosinkinase-like receptor function. Mutations that affect its

  18. Análisis retórico del esténcil o estarcido

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    Heiner Mercado-Percia

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En esta exposición intentaré dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Puede expresarse un discurso retórico por medio de una imagen? Y si esto es posible ¿cómo esta imagen puede persuadir a un auditorio? Estas preguntas surgen a partir de una imagen de esténcil o estarcido llamada Disney War,apareció en los muros de muchas ciudades del mundo, incluida Medellín, y que es promocionada o expuesta a través de la Internet.

  19. Nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad

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    Luis Gallardo Vera

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo contribuye a establecer nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad. La adopción del prisma estratégico en los estudios retóricos de la publicidad no es común, sin embargo, la relación entre retórica y publicidad a un nivel estratégico es evidente, teniendo presente los estudios que han investigado la simbiosis entre las dos actividades.Del universo compuesto por las investigaciones sobre retórica y publicidad se seleccionó una muestra de las obras susceptibles de responder a la pregunta de cuáles son los nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad. Con este criterio se conformó una muestra teóricamente conducida del universo. La hipótesis de partida ha sido que, si existen documentos que indaguen en la relación entre la retórica y la publicidad, es posible construir un documento que muestre de un modo amplio cuáles son los nexos estratégicos entre ambas actividades. Finalmente, se contrastó que, efectivamente, este documento es único al mostrar ampliamente cuáles son los nexos estratégicos existentes entre la retórica y la publicidad.

  20. Nuevos mecanismos de regulación del balance energético. Papel de AMPK y del estrés del retículo endoplasmático hipotalámico

    OpenAIRE

    Seoane Collazo, Patricia

    2018-01-01

    AMPK es un sensor celular que se activa en estado de baja energía. Las evidencias actuales vinculan la AMPK hipotalámica con la regulación central del balance energético. Sin embargo, cual es la isoforma de AMPK y el tipo neuronal que está mediando estos efectos todavía no se ha dilucidado. En esta Tesis, demostramos que la inhibición de AMPKα1 en las neuronas SF1 del núcleo ventromedial del hipotálamo protege contra la obesidad inducida por dieta al disminuir el estrés del retículo endoplasm...

  1. La retórica en Internet

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    Roberto Gamonal Arroyo

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La Retórica, una disciplina antigua que data del siglo V a.C., está muy presente enInternet, un medio de comunicación social que nació en el siglo XX. La AntigüedadClásica renace para esclarecer este fenómeno de las nuevas tecnologías de lainformación. La Retórica ayuda a explicar el intrincado concepto de Internet, afacilitar su práctica cotidiana y a su construcción de una forma ordenada y sistemática.

  2. RET/PTC1-Driven Neoplastic Transformation and Proinvasive Phenotype of Human Thyrocytes Involve Met Induction and β-Catenin Nuclear Translocation

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    Giuliana Cassinelli

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Activation of the RET gene by chromosomal rearrangements generating RET/PTC oncogenes is a frequent, early, and causative event in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC. We have previously shown that, in human primary thyrocytes, RET/PTC1 induces a transcriptional program including the MET proto-oncogene. In PTCs, β-catenin is frequently mislocated to the cytoplasm nucleus. We investigated the interplay between Ret/ptc1 signaling and Met in regulating the proinvasive phenotype and β-catenin localization in cellular models of human PTC. Here, we show that Met protein is expressed and is constitutively active in human thyrocytes exogenously expressing RET/PTC1 as well as a mutant (Y451F devoid of the main Ret/ptc1 multidocking site. Both in transformed thyrocytes and in the human PTC cell line TPC-1, Ret/ptc1-Y451-dependent signaling and Met cooperated to promote a proinvasive phenotype. Accordingly, gene/functional silencing of either RET/PTC1 or MET abrogated early branching morphogenesis in TPC-1 cells. The same effect was obtained by blocking the common downstream effector Akt. Y451 of Ret/ptc1 was required to promote proliferation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, suggesting that these oncogene-driven effects are Met-independent. Pharmacologic inhibition of Ret/ptc1 and Met tyrosine kinases by the multitarget small molecule RPI-1 blocked cell proliferation and invasive ability and dislocated β-catenin from the nucleus. Altogether, these results support that Ret/ptc1 cross talks with Met at transcriptional and signaling levels and promotes β-catenin transcriptional activity to drive thyrocyte neoplastic transformation. Such molecular network, promoting disease initiation and acquisition of a proinvasive phenotype, highlights new options to design multitarget therapeutic strategies for PTCs.

  3. Las jerarquías étnicas y la retórica del multiculturalismo estatal en San José del Guaviare

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    Carlos del Cairo

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza las tensiones entre las jerarquías étnicas en San José del Guaviare y la valoración positiva de la diversidad cultural que introdujo la retórica del multiculturalismo estatal. En particular, describe la posición diferencial que ocupa la gente jiw, tucano y nukak de acuerdo con las jerarquías elaboradas por los "blancos" del pueblo, los tucanos y los funcionarios estatales. Las características de estas jerarquías permiten cuestionar tres reduccionismos constitutivos del multiculturalismo estatal colombiano, a saber, la presunción de la unidad en la diversidad étnica, la esencialización de la diferencia cultural y la reificación de la comunidad. El artículo destaca la importancia de analizar las percepciones sobre la diferencia cultural en procesos que van más allá de la formalidad multicultural que exaltan las instituciones estatales.

  4. Retórica contrastiva y enseñanza del discurso formal en lenguas afines

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    Pilar Robles Garrote

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE El presente artículo trata de evidenciar la utilidad de la retórica contrastiva en la enseñanza del discurso formal en lenguas afines, aportando algunos datos empíricos obtenidos en un análisis lingüístico cuyo objetivo principal es determinar los puntos en común y divergencias encontradas en algunos recursos estilísticos propios del lenguaje formal en lengua española e italiana. Es un estudio de carácter exploratorio realizado a partir de un corpus oral de conferencias dictadas en lengua española e italiana por oradores nativos. Tras analizar y comparar los recursos estilísticos utilizados por los informantes (preguntas, ejemplos, citas y reiteraciones, los resultados revelan que, si bien los recursos del discurso oral formal encontrados en las conferencias analizadas poseen características análogas, existen divergencias entre estas dos lenguas afines que pueden confluir en una percepción distinta del aspecto pragmático.

  5. RET/PTC1-Driven Neoplastic Transformation and Proinvasive Phenotype of Human Thyrocytes Involve Met Induction and β-Catenin Nuclear Translocation1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cassinelli, Giuliana; Favini, Enrica; Degl'Innocenti, Debora; Salvi, Alessandro; De Petro, Giuseppina; Pierotti, Marco A; Zunino, Franco; Borrello, Maria Grazia; Lanzi, Cinzia

    2009-01-01

    Activation of the RET gene by chromosomal rearrangements generating RET/PTC oncogenes is a frequent, early, and causative event in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We have previously shown that, in human primary thyrocytes, RET/PTC1 induces a transcriptional program including the MET proto-oncogene. In PTCs, β-catenin is frequently mislocated to the cytoplasm nucleus. We investigated the interplay between Ret/ptc1 signaling and Met in regulating the proinvasive phenotype and β-catenin localization in cellular models of human PTC. Here, we show that Met protein is expressed and is constitutively active in human thyrocytes exogenously expressing RET/PTC1 as well as a mutant (Y451F) devoid of the main Ret/ptc1 multidocking site. Both in transformed thyrocytes and in the human PTC cell line TPC-1, Ret/ptc1-Y451-dependent signaling and Met cooperated to promote a proinvasive phenotype. Accordingly, gene/functional silencing of either RET/PTC1 or MET abrogated early branching morphogenesis in TPC-1 cells. The same effect was obtained by blocking the common downstream effector Akt. Y451 of Ret/ptc1 was required to promote proliferation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, suggesting that these oncogene-driven effects are Met-independent. Pharmacologic inhibition of Ret/ptc1 and Met tyrosine kinases by the multitarget small molecule RPI-1 blocked cell proliferation and invasive ability and dislocated β-catenin from the nucleus. Altogether, these results support that Ret/ptc1 cross talks with Met at transcriptional and signaling levels and promotes β-catenin transcriptional activity to drive thyrocyte neoplastic transformation. Such molecular network, promoting disease initiation and acquisition of a proinvasive phenotype, highlights new options to design multitarget therapeutic strategies for PTCs. PMID:19107227

  6. miR-449 overexpression inhibits papillary thyroid carcinoma cell growth by targeting RET kinase-β-catenin signaling pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Zongyu; Huang, Xin; Xu, Jinkai; Su, Qinghua; Zhao, Jun; Ma, Jiancang

    2016-10-01

    Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer and represent approximately 80% of all thyroid cancers. The present study is aimed to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-449 in the progression of PTC. Our results revealed that miR-449 was underexpressed in the collected PTC specimens compared with non-cancerous PTC tissues. Overexpression of miR-449 induced a cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and inhibited PTC cell growth in vitro. Further studies revealed that RET proto-oncogene (RET) is a novel miR-449 target, due to miR-449 bound directly to its 3'-untranslated region and miR-449 mimic reduced the protein expression of RET. Similar to the effects of miR-449 overexpression, RET downregulation inhibited cell growth, whereas RET overexpression reversed the inhibitive effect of miR-449 mimic. Furthermore, miR-449 overexpression inhibited the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and reduced the expression of several downstream genes, including c-Myc, cyclin D1, T cell-specific transcription factor (TCF) and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1), and inactivated the β-catenin pathway in TPC-1 cells. Moreover, overexpression of β-catenin prevented miR-449-reduced cell cycle arrest and cell viability. In xenograft animal experiments, miR-449 overexpression effectively suppressed the tumor growth of PTC. Taken together, our research indicated that miR-449 functions as an anti-oncogene by targeting RET, and that miR-449 overexpression inhibited the growth of PTC by inactivating the β-catenin pathway. Thus, miR-449 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PTC.

  7. Las retóricas del público. El espacio de consumo del arte como institución política

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bayón, Fernando

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available This article aims to show how the space for leisure practices in the art sector is a political construction. To do this, the essay focuses on public (art audience as key concept. It argues that art audiences are critically engaged and politically significant communities, through which each society gives an institutional dimension to cultural practices. In dialogue with modern thinkers such as Adorno, Baudrillard, Warburg and Benjamin, or architects like Rem Koolhaas, the article presents audiences and publics from both a social and institutional points of view, understanding that the temporal and spatial dynamics behind their community boundaries are worth exploring. We think that there are at least two dominant forms of an emerging social rhetoric that are producing innovative ways of building the spaces for consuming cultural offer in the late modern society: we call them rhetorics of convergence and rhetorics of persuation.

    Este artículo pretende poner de manifiesto cómo el espacio de las prácticas de ocio cultural es una construcción política. Para ello, escoge como categoría central al público, en tanto formación comunitaria por medio de la cual cada sociedad institucionaliza de forma dinámica las prácticas de ocio asociadas a la oferta artística. En diálogo con pensadores como Adorno, Baudrillard, Warburg o Benjamin, se describen las dimensiones espaciales y temporales en que se desarrollan los vínculos comunitarios, específicos de la institución del “público” en el sector cultural. Para ello, el ensayo intenta identificar cuáles son las estrategias comunicativas que están produciendo esos espacios de presencia y esos tiempos de experiencia para las prácticas del ocio cultural en las sociedades del consumismo avanzado. Las he llamado retóricas de la convergencia y retóricas de la persuasión.

  8. Break-apart interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in papillary thyroid carcinoma: on the road to optimizing the cut-off level for RET/PTC rearrangements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Colato, Chiara; Vicentini, Caterina; Cantara, Silvia; Pedron, Serena; Brazzarola, Paolo; Marchetti, Ivo; Di Coscio, Giancarlo; Chilosi, Marco; Brunelli, Matteo; Pacini, Furio; Ferdeghini, Marco

    2015-05-01

    Chromosomal rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene is one of the most common molecular events in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, their pathogenic role and clinical significance are still debated. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangement in a cohort of BRAF WT PTCs by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to search a reliable cut-off level in order to distinguish clonal or non-clonal RET changes. Forty BRAF WT PTCs were analyzed by FISH for RET rearrangements. As controls, six BRAFV600E mutated PTCs, 13 follicular adenomas (FA), and ten normal thyroid parenchyma were also analyzed. We performed FISH analysis on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using a commercially available RET break-apart probe. A cut-off level equivalent to 10.2% of aberrant cells was accepted as significant. To validate FISH results, we analyzed the study cohort by qRT-PCR. Split RET signals above the cut-off level were observed in 25% (10/40) of PTCs, harboring a percentage of positive cells ranging from 12 to 50%, and in one spontaneous FA (1/13, 7.7%). Overall, the data obtained by FISH matched well with qRT-PCR results. Challenging findings were observed in five cases showing a frequency of rearrangement very close to the cut-off. FISH approach represents a powerful tool to estimate the ratio between broken and non-broken RET tumor cells. Establishing a precise FISH cut-off may be useful in the interpretation of the presence of RET rearrangement, primarily when this strategy is used for cytological evaluation or for targeted therapy. © 2015 European Society of Endocrinology.

  9. Correlation of RET somatic mutations with clinicopathological features in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moura, M M; Cavaco, B M; Pinto, A E; Domingues, R; Santos, J R; Cid, M O; Bugalho, M J; Leite, V

    2009-01-01

    Screening of REarranged during Transfection (RET) gene mutations has been carried out in different series of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC). RET-positive tumours seem to be associated to a worse clinical outcome. However, the correlation between the type of RET mutation and the patients' clinicopathological data has not been evaluated yet. We analysed RET exons 5, 8, 10–16 in fifty-one sporadic MTC, and found somatic mutations in thirty-three (64.7%) tumours. Among the RET-positive cases, exon 16 was the most frequently affected (60.6%). Two novel somatic mutations (Cys630Gly, c.1881del18) were identified. MTC patients were divided into three groups: group 1, with mutations in RET exons 15 and 16; group 2, with other RET mutations; group 3, having no RET mutations. Group 1 had higher prevalence (P=0.0051) and number of lymph node metastases (P=0.0017), and presented more often multifocal tumours (P=0.037) and persistent disease at last control (P=0.0242) than group 2. Detectable serum calcitonin levels at last screening (P=0.0119) and stage IV disease (P=0.0145) were more frequent in group 1, than in the other groups. Our results suggest that, among the sporadic MTC, cases with RET mutations in exons 15 and 16 are associated with the worst prognosis. Cases with other RET mutations have the most indolent course, and those with no RET mutations have an intermediate risk. PMID:19401695

  10. Retórica de la historia. Un desafío al exceso de las nuevas tecnologías.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Javier Gómez Martínez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo se propone analizar un cierto tipo de figuras retóricas que se da en la obra audiovisual en el nivel de la propia historia, afectando al plano del contenido antes que al de la expresión. Hemos utilizado como caso de estudio la serie televisiva Pulseres vermelles ("Pulseras rojas", 2011, creada por Albert Espinosa y dirigida por Pau Freixas. El formato ha sido exportado más allá de nuestras fronteras. Steven Spielberg ha adquirido los derechos. Con un apreciable éxito de público y crítica, esta serie ha conquistado el corazón de numerosos espectadores a partir de temáticas emocionales de enorme compromiso, valiéndose además de un aparato retórico muy eficaz, parte del cual analizaremos aquí. Dichas circunstancias inducen a reflexionar sobre la importancia de la historia frente al discurso. Defendemos que la serie da prioridad a una retórica del contenido sobre la retórica de la expresión.

  11. Aproximaciones retóricas al conflicto armado colombiano: una revisión bibliográfica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giohanny Olave

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo relaciona investigaciones interesadas en la retórica del conflicto armado colombiano. Tales indagaciones plantean problemas de investigación alrededor del carácter persuasivo de los discursos del conflicto, desde disciplinas diversas. La consulta bibliográfica de base se complementó con una encuesta electrónica autoadministrada, dirigida a investigadores colombianos del discurso. En los resultados, se explican las principales problematizaciones que emergen de la revisión, presentándolas como aproximaciones retóricas que los autores trabajan con una mayor orientación hacia el ethos , el pathos o el logos . Una mirada relacional entre estos trabajos esclarece las tendencias investigativas sobre la violencia en clave discursiva y apunta el valor de esas contribuciones para los estudios sobre el conflicto armado.

  12. Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Structural Properties of Water Retted and Non-retted Flax Fibers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vijaya Raghavan

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Flax stems of Modran variety were subjected to water retting under laboratory conditions and its physical properties were compared with non-retted fibers. Physical properties including percentage of impurities, weighted average length, linear density, tenacity and elongation were analyzed and the results were compared. The analysis of retted and non-retted flax fibers showed that retting is the most important step in the processing of flax fibers and it directly affects quality attributes like strength, fineness, and homogeneity. Scanning Electron microscope images of fibers were also analyzed and the retted fibers showed much cleaner surface when compared to decorticated non-retted fibers.

  13. Técnica dramática y retórica de las pasiones en el Tratado completo del arte del canto de Manuel García

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Díaz Marroquín, Lucía

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available The history of European singing technique, from the Italian origins of the stile rappresentativo and the early Seicento musical drama to the heights of bel canto, seems inextricably related to the classical rhetorical and philosophical theories, later re-interpreted by the humanist and rationalist authors. Manuel García’s Tratado completo del arte del canto inherits this tradition and contributes to it with every single observation or musical example included in this eminently practical work.

    Desde los orígenes italianos del stile rappresentativo y del drama musical, en los últimos años del siglo XVI y primeros del XVII, hasta el esplendor del bel canto, la historia de los tratados de canto europeos se encuentra inseparablemente asociada a las teorías retóricas y filosóficas clásicas, más tarde reinterpretadas por los autores humanistas y preenciclopedistas. Al escribir su Tratado completo del arte del canto, una obra eminentemente práctica, Manuel García hereda esta tradición y contribuye a ella con cada una de las observaciones y ejemplos musicales que propone.

  14. Associations between RET tagSNPs and their haplotypes and susceptibility, clinical severity, and thyroid function in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caiyun He

    Full Text Available It is unclear whether common genetic variants of the RET proto-oncogene contribute to disease susceptibility, clinical severity, and thyroid function in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC.A total of 300 DTC patients and 252 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Seven RET tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using the KASPar platform.Subgroup analysis showed that concomitant thyroid benign diseases were less likely to occur in DTC subjects with the rs1799939 AG or AG plus AA genotypes (odds ratio (OR = 1.93 and 1.88, P = 0.009 and 0.011, respectively. A rare haplotype, CGGATAA, was associated statistically with a reduced risk of DTC (OR = 0.18, P = 0.001. Concerning the aggressive features of DTC, higher level of N stage was more likely to occur in subjects carrying the wild-type genotypes at rs1800860 site (for dominant model: OR = 0.48, P = 0.008. Another rare haplotype, CAAGCGT, conferred increased risk for the occurrence of distant metastasis (OR = 7.57, P = 0.009. Notably, higher thyroid stimulating hormone levels and lower parathyroid hormone levels were found in patients with rs2075912, rs2565200, and rs2742240 heterozygotes and rare homozygotes; similar results were observed between PTH levels and rs1800858.This study provided useful information on RET variants that should be subjected to further study.

  15. Estudio retórico-comunicativo de los debates presidenciales mexicanos (2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felicísimo Valbuena de la Fuente

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available En su Retórica, Aristóteles distinguió materiales de prueba personal (ethos,argumentales (logos y dramáticos, o de experiencia (pathos. También distinguió entre discursos judiciales, deliberativos y epidícticos o demostrativos. El autor de este trabajo quiere demostrar que la Retórica de Aristóteles sigue vigente analizando los debates presidenciales mexicanos en 2006. Se ocupa de cómo cada candidato se atuvo a las normas de los debates, su concepción del público y cómo emplearon los tres tipos de materiales. Asimismo, ilustra sus afirmaciones con numerosos ejemplos.

  16. La traducción como ejercicio retórico y gramatical

    OpenAIRE

    Chico Rico, Francisco

    2009-01-01

    Este trabajo de investigación se centra fundamentalmente en los debates disciplinares latinos en torno a la traducción y a su importancia para la formación del orador en particular y para la educación para la comunicación social en general. En este contexto se aborda el ejercicio de la traducción tanto en el marco de la teoría retórica como en el dominio de la teoría gramatical, así como en el seno de las relaciones entre aquél y éste, ya que si la teoría retórica consideró la traducción fund...

  17. La retórica y el análisis de la tecnología y de la sociedad actuales. Presentación.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giorgio De Marchis

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Es un honor para mí presentar el segundo monográfico dedicado a la retórica de la revista académica Icono 14. El anterior fue el primer número del volumen 3, en 2005. Pasa el tiempo, y queda claro que la retórica no muere, sino que se transforma. Esto es así porque la retórica es el estudio de la comunicación eficaz. Todo emisor desea que su comunicación sea lo más efectiva posible, esto es, que la comunicación logre los objetivos del comunicador. Creo que una de las fortalezas de la retórica clásica es que ha construido un andamiaje muy sólido, ordenado, que permite un análisis estructurado, y sin embargo flexible, que le facilita adaptarse a los cambios tecnológicos y sociales. Algunos artículos publicados en este monográfico sirven de ejemplo de dicha estructura trabada, pero también maleable del análisis retórico. El presente monográfico pretende integrar la retórica clásica con la tecnología actual, y ambas con las formas de comunicación social que los cambios tecnológicos han propiciado. En este número se publican nueve artículos que se ocupan de muy distintos temas, y que demuestran fehacientemente qué es la aproximación retórica actual. A continuación anotaré algunos breves comentarios sobre los artículos publicados para que el lector dirija su atención hacia aquellos textos que más le pudieran interesar.

  18. Tendencias de la Comunicación del Tercer Sector en la web 2.0: Análisis retórico de los tropos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isidoro Arroyo Almaraz

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Los grandes éxitos de determinados mensajes a través de las redes sociales han hecho que este nuevo “medio” se vea como un modelo muy interesante para el Tercer Sector. En este artículo llevamos a cabo el análisis de aspectos formales y de contenido de las comunicaciones del Tercer Sector en las redes sociales y se determinan las tendencias que se repiten  destacando, entre otros,  el uso retórico de los tropos. Se percibe una tendencia hacia la similitud de los mensajes estudiados en sus aspectos narrativos, expresivos, persuasivos y retóricos. Los mensajes de carácter social distribuidos a través de las redes sociales muestran, en su construcción, perfiles uniformes y homogéneos en sus aspectos formales. Se concluye que utilizan las mismas piezas ya usadas en otros medios por lo que se infiere que no piensan en las bondades de las redes sociales para aprovechar los recursos específicos de éstas.  

  19. Retort to Religious Critics of RET.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nardi, Thomas J.

    This paper is concerned with people who contact clergymen for counseling who could benefit from the short-term directive therapeutic approach of Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) and the reluctance of clergymen to use RET. The integration of the precepts of Christianity and the concepts of RET is considered. This paper is specifically a response to…

  20. Comparison of traditional field retting and Phlebia radiata Cel 26 retting of hemp fibres for fibre-reinforced composites

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Ming; Ale, Marcel Tutor; Kołaczkowski, Bartłomiej

    2017-01-01

    Classical field retting and controlled fungal retting of hemp using Phlebia radiata Cel 26 (a mutant with low cellulose degrading ability) were compared with pure pectinase treatment with regard to mechanical properties of the produced fibre/epoxy composites. For field retting a classification...

  1. Drosophila Cancer Models Identify Functional Differences between Ret Fusions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levinson, Sarah; Cagan, Ross L

    2016-09-13

    We generated and compared Drosophila models of RET fusions CCDC6-RET and NCOA4-RET. Both RET fusions directed cells to migrate, delaminate, and undergo EMT, and both resulted in lethality when broadly expressed. In all phenotypes examined, NCOA4-RET was more severe than CCDC6-RET, mirroring their effects on patients. A functional screen against the Drosophila kinome and a library of cancer drugs found that CCDC6-RET and NCOA4-RET acted through different signaling networks and displayed distinct drug sensitivities. Combining data from the kinome and drug screens identified the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 plus the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib as a synergistic drug combination that is specific for NCOA4-RET. Our work emphasizes the importance of identifying and tailoring a patient's treatment to their specific RET fusion isoform and identifies a multi-targeted therapy that may prove effective against tumors containing the NCOA4-RET fusion. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Anmeldelse : Howard Zehr: Genoprettende Ret

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Adrian, Lin

    2010-01-01

    Anmeldelse af Howard Zehr: Genoprettende ret, der udkom i 2008. Oversat fra engelsk: Restorative Justice Udgivelsesdato: august 2010......Anmeldelse af Howard Zehr: Genoprettende ret, der udkom i 2008. Oversat fra engelsk: Restorative Justice Udgivelsesdato: august 2010...

  3. Cálculo vectorial discreto para problemas elípticos sobre retículas uniformes

    OpenAIRE

    Santos Gutiérrez, Roberto

    2004-01-01

    Esta tesina se enmarca dentro de los trabajos en el campo del análisis numérico denominados genéricamente como "discretizaciones miméticas de la mecánica del medio continuo". La idea consiste en establecer un cálculo vectorial sobre retículas uniformes siguiendo el modelo del caso continuo, de forma que se plantean los problemas elípticos directamente en medios discretos. Esto conduce a obtener operadores discretos análogos al gradiente, divergencia y laplaciano, y se demuestra que estos oper...

  4. Identification of Variants in RET and IHH Pathway Members in a Large Family With History of Hirschsprung Disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sribudiani, Y; Chauhan, R K; Alves, M M; Petrova, L; Brosens, E; Harrison, C; Wabbersen, T; de Graaf, B M; Rügenbrink, T; Burzynski, G; Brouwer, R W W; IJcken, W F J van; Maas, S M; de Klein, A; Osinga, J; Eggen, B J L; Burns, A J; Brooks, A S; Shepherd, I T; Hofstra, R M W

    2018-03-27

    Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is an inherited congenital disorder characterized by absence of enteric ganglia in the distal part of the gut. Variants in ret proto-oncogene (RET) have been associated with up to 50% of familial and 35% of sporadic cases. We searched for variants that affect disease risk in a large, multi-generational family with history of HSCR in a linkage region previously associated with the disease (4q31.3-q32.3) and exome wide. We performed exome sequencing analyses of a family in the Netherlands with 5 members diagnosed with HSCR and 2 members diagnosed with functional constipation. We initially focused on variants in genes located in 4q31.3-q32.3. However, we also performed an exome-wide analysis in which known HSCR or HSCR-associated gene variants predicted to be deleterious were prioritized for further analysis. Candidate genes were expressed in HEK293, COS-7, and Neuro-2a cells and analyzed by luciferase and immunoblot assays. Morpholinos were designed to target exons of candidate genes and injected into 1-cell stage zebrafish embryos. Embryos were allowed to develop and stained for enteric neurons. Within the linkage region, we identified 1 putative splice variant in the LPS responsive beige-like anchor protein gene (LRBA). Functional assays could not confirm its predicted effect on mRNA splicing or on expression of the mab-21 like 2 gene (MAB21L2), which is embedded in LRBA. Zebrafish that developed following injection of the lrba morpholino had a shortened body axis and subtle gut morphological defects, but no significant reduction in number of enteric neurons compared with controls. Outside the linkage region, members of 1 branch of the family carried a previously unidentified RET variant or an in-frame deletion in the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor gene (GDNF), which encodes a ligand of RET. This deletion was located 6 base pairs before the last codon. We also found variants in the indian hedgehog gene (IHH) and its mediator

  5. RET is a potential tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luo, Yanxin; Tsuchiya, Karen D.; Park, Dong Il; Fausel, Rebecca; Kanngurn, Samornmas; Welcsh, Piri; Dzieciatkowski, Slavomir; Wang, Jianping; Grady, William M.

    2012-01-01

    Cancer arises as the consequence of mutations and epigenetic alterations that activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. Through a genome-wide screen for methylated genes in colon neoplasms, we identified aberrantly methylated RET in colorectal cancer. RET, a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase and a receptor for the GDNF-family ligands, was one of the first oncogenes to be identified and has been shown to be an oncogene in thyroid cancer and pheochromocytoma. However, unexpectedly, we found RET is methylated in 27% of colon adenomas and in 63% of colorectal cancers, and now provide evidence that RET has tumor suppressor activity in colon cancer. The aberrant methylation of RET correlates with decreased RET expression, whereas the restoration of RET in colorectal cancer cell lines results in apoptosis. Furthermore, in support of a tumor suppressor function of RET, mutant RET has also been found in primary colorectal cancer. We now show that these mutations inactivate RET, which is consistent with RET being a tumor suppressor gene in the colon. These findings suggest that the aberrant methylation of RET and the mutational inactivation of RET promote colorectal cancer formation and that RET can serve as a tumor suppressor gene in the colon. Moreover, the increased frequency of methylated RET in colon cancers compared to adenomas suggests RET inactivation is involved in the progression of colon adenomas to cancer. PMID:22751117

  6. Association of RET Genetic Polymorphisms and Haplotypes with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Portuguese Population: A Case-Control Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santos, Marina; Azevedo, Teresa; Martins, Teresa; Rodrigues, Fernando J.; Lemos, Manuel C.

    2014-01-01

    Thyroid cancer has a multifactorial aetiology resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Several low penetrance susceptibility genes have been identified but their effects often vary between different populations. Somatic point mutations and translocations of the REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene are frequently found in thyroid cancer. The aim of this case-control study was to determine the effect of four well known RET single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A total of 545 Portuguese patients and 543 controls were genotyped by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis, for the following SNPs: G691S (exon 11, rs1799939 G/A), L769L (exon 13, rs1800861 T/G), S836S (exon 14, rs1800862 C/T), and S904S (exon 15, rs1800863 C/G). The minor allele of S836S was overrepresented in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) when compared to controls (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.05–2.35; p = 0.026). The GGTC haplotype was also overrepresented in PTC (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.07–5.91; p = 0.029). No associations were found in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no differences regarding gender, age at diagnosis, lymph node or distant metastasis. However, a near significant overrepresentation of the minor alleles of G691S and S904S was found in patients with tumours greater than 10 mm of diameter at diagnosis. These data suggest that the RET S836S polymorphism in exon 14 and the GGTC haplotype are risk factors for PTC, but not FTC, and that the G691S/S904S polymorphisms might be associated with tumour behaviour. PMID:25330015

  7. Tópica de la responsabilidad. Reivindicación de la retórica para la ciudadanía moderna

    OpenAIRE

    José Luis Ramírez

    2003-01-01

    En este ensayo se parte del pensamiento de Aristóteles, para formular una tópica de la responsabilidad basada en la retórica, la lógica y la política. Tres espacios de vida en los cuales se debe desarrollar la personalidad del buen ciudadano, ése que practica el arte del correcto pensar, del bien hablar y del justo obrar. Una nueva ciudadanía social es impensable sin esos elementos que ya suponía el estagirista como necesarios e insustituibles para la concreción del...

  8. Retting of Flax by Aspergillus niger

    Science.gov (United States)

    De França, F. P.; Rosemberg, J. A.; De Jesus, A. M.

    1969-01-01

    In this study, retting was carried out by Aspergillus niger. The pH, galacturonic acid (GA), and total reducing sugar were determined; the end point was identified by the classic empirical processes and by the maximal GA content of the retting water. The process gave clear and resistent fibers, and the retting time was similar to that of current industrial processes with bacterial enzymes. Control of total acidity was not required, since the pH remained close to neutrality throughout the entire process. PMID:16349835

  9. Improvement of organoleptic quality of retted cassava products by alkali pretreatment of roots and addition of sodium nitrate during retting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ogbo, Frank C

    2003-12-15

    Alkali pretreatment of cassava roots before retting and addition of sodium nitrate during retting were used to manipulate the metabolism of microorganisms involved in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) retting, as a method for removing the characteristic offensive odour of retted cassava products. Odour was assessed by organoleptic methods. The characteristics of fermentation of cassava by the traditional method (control) were as follows; aerobic mesophilic count (APC) on nutrient agar (NA) at 30 degrees C/48 h, attained a maximum of 2.3 x 10(7)/ml retting juice while counts on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS) at 30 degrees C/48 h were 1.6 x 10(8)/ml. Maximum titrable acidity was 0.062% lactic acid by weight of retting juice. Cassava was retted in 3 days and the product exhibited characteristic offensive odour. Addition of NaNO3 into retting water effectively removed odour at a concentration of 0.3 g/l. Maximum APC on NA/30 degrees C/48 h was 6.8 x 10(6)/ml. Counts on MRS/30 degrees C/48 h exceeded 2.4 x 10(9)/ml. Retting was complete in 3 days with a final titrable acidity of 0.068% of retting juice. Removal of odour likely resulted from selection of homo-fermentative lactic acid bacteria, thus producing mostly odourless lactic acid. Alkali pretreatment of roots before retting was efficacious in removing odour at a concentration of 10 g/l for 30 min. This fermentation was characterized by APC on NA/30 degrees C/48 h of 5.4 x 10(6)/ml; MRS/30 degrees C/48 h reached a maximum of only 10 x 10(4)/ml and correspondingly low titrable acidity of 0.003%. Low counts of lactic acid bacteria correlate well with the absence of odour in this sample. Both treatments did not adversely affect the detoxification process, yielding "foo-foo" with HCN levels lower than 10 mg/kg. Residual nitrates and nitrites of 30 mg/kg in the sodium nitrate-treated sample were also within the safe limits of 156 mg/kg allowed in many countries. Organoleptically improved samples were acceptable to

  10. La retórica de lo extremo en la ultraderecha chilena

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Antonio González de Requena Farré

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo pretende caracterizar la ideología de la extrema de - recha chilena a través de su historia. Se realizó un análisis del discurso de los manifiestos y declaraciones de principios de cua - tro formaciones de ultraderecha de distintos momentos de la his- toria de Chile: el Movimiento Nacional Socialista, el Movimien - to Revolucionario Nacional Sindicalista, el Frente Nacionalista Patria y Libertad, así como Patria Nueva Sociedad. El enfoque retórico de la ideología ultraderechista permite reconstruir las autodescripciones ideológicas, las articulaciones del autoritaris- mo, los marcos figurativos y las principales construcciones argu - mentativas de la extrema derecha chilena.

  11. ¿Qué significa estar bien informado? Retóricas, percepciones y actitudes ante el problema del etiquetado de los alimentos transgénicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JÓSEAN LARRIÓN

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo realizo un estudio de caso de la controversia sobre el etiquetado de los alimentos transgénicos, centrándome en España y la Unión Europea. Inicialmente, comparo los discursos sociales que conciben el etiquetado fundamentalmente como un problema o como una solución. Después, analizo las principales respuestas legislativas y los aspectos concretos que en este ámbito siguen siendo polémicos. A continuación, expongo los límites del modelo del déficit cognitivo y el problema de establecer qué información es relevante o irrelevante. El trabajo concluye mostrando la presencia de las retóricas de la seguridad y el riesgo, y proponiendo un esquema de posiciones sociales ante el consumo de transgénicos, su etiquetado diferencial y el quehacer científico en nuestras sociedades.

  12. Øret i skyen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Søndergaard, Morten

    2015-01-01

    Da Etisk Råd afholder sit årlige møde på Utzon Centret i Ålborg i oktober 2010 er ingen af deltagerne på mødet klar over, at et bioteknologisk øre lytter med. Det er et resultat af flere ret utrolige tilfældigheder og sammenfald: Nogen har ved en fejl tændt højttalersystemet i udstillingsrummene...... under den smukke konferencesal med udsigt ud over Limfjorden. I udstillingsrummene står et værk af den Australske kunstner Stelarc, Internet Ear, som er en del af udstillingen BIOTOPIA – Art in the Wet Zone. Internet Ear er, rent skulpturelt, en eksakt kopi af kunstnerens egen arm, hvorpå han for ca. 4...... år siden fik et ekstra øre indopereret. Situationen der udspiller sig i Utzon Centret er på flere måder symptomatisk for en række aktuelle kulturelle og samfundsmæssige tendenser. Den er endvidere emblematisk for de udfordringer, en cyber-museologi står overfor....

  13. Retting effect of kenaf bast fiber by electron beam irradiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shin, Hye Kyoung; Kangm Hyo Kyoung; Jeun, Joon Pyo; Kang, Phil Hyun [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-06-15

    Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) retting were separated from a kenaf bast fiber by a combination of Electron beam irradiation (EBI) and NaOH solution treatment. The methods were based on a 6% NaOH solution treatment after various doses of EBI. FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose in the retted kenaf fibers decreased as the EBI dose increased. Specifically, the lignin in the retted kenaf fiber treated with 300 kGy of EBI was almost completely removed. The morphology of retted kenaf fibers were characterized by SEM image, and the studies showed that the fibrillated degree of retted kenaf fibers treated with various EBI doses and was increased as EBI dose increased. The retted kenaf fibers treated with the EBI at 300 kGy was uniformly fibrillated with 10 {approx} 30 {mu}m diameters.

  14. Retting effect of kenaf bast fiber by electron beam irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shin, Hye Kyoung; Kangm Hyo Kyoung; Jeun, Joon Pyo; Kang, Phil Hyun

    2010-01-01

    Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) retting were separated from a kenaf bast fiber by a combination of Electron beam irradiation (EBI) and NaOH solution treatment. The methods were based on a 6% NaOH solution treatment after various doses of EBI. FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose in the retted kenaf fibers decreased as the EBI dose increased. Specifically, the lignin in the retted kenaf fiber treated with 300 kGy of EBI was almost completely removed. The morphology of retted kenaf fibers were characterized by SEM image, and the studies showed that the fibrillated degree of retted kenaf fibers treated with various EBI doses and was increased as EBI dose increased. The retted kenaf fibers treated with the EBI at 300 kGy was uniformly fibrillated with 10 ∼ 30 μm diameters

  15. Proto-oncogene expression: a predictive assay for radiation biodosimetry applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Miller, A.C.; Luo, L.; Chin, W.K.; Director-Myska, A.E.; Prasanna, P.G.S.; Blakely, W.F

    2002-07-01

    Using a model system of in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes, the effect of low-dose (0.25 to 1.50 Gy) 250-kV{sub p} X ray radiation (1 Gy.min{sup -1}) on the expression of several proto-oncogenes was examined (c-Haras, c-src, c-met, c-jun, c-fos, and c-myc) and {beta}-actin from 0.25 to 17 h post-radiation. RNA was extracted from cells harvested at various times after exposure and examined for levels of particular mRNAs by northern blot hybridisation. A progressive time- and dose-dependent increase in mRNA levels was observed for c-Haras mRNA, while the other proto-oncogenes (c-src, c-met, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc) examined were variable during the same time period. {beta}-actin levels were initially decreased but at 17 h post-radiation had returned to control levels. A comparison of the rate of c-Haras transcription at 5 and 17 h post-irradiation revealed that c-Haras transcription was higher at 5 h than at 17 h. These findings suggest that the level of specific proto-oncogene expression, particularly c-Haras, may be useful early diagnostic molecular biomarkers for biodosimetry applications. The use of real-time PCR technologies to quantify gene expression changes will also be discussed. (author)

  16. Crosstalk between VEGF-A/VEGFR2 and GDNF/RET signaling pathways

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tufro, Alda; Teichman, Jason; Banu, Nazifa; Villegas, Guillermo

    2007-01-01

    Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) plays multiple roles in kidney development: stimulates cell proliferation, survival, tubulogenesis, and branching morphogenesis. However, the mechanism that mediates VEGF-A induced ureteric bud branching is unclear. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling through tyrosine kinase c-RET is the major regulator of ureteric bud branching. Here we examined whether VEGF-A regulates RET signaling. We determined that ureteric bud-derived cells express the main VEGF-A signaling receptor, VEGFR2 and RET, by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. We show that the VEGF-A isoform VEGF 165 induces RET-tyr 1062 phosphorylation in addition to VEGFR2 autophosphorylation, that VEGF 165 and GDNF have additive effects on RET-tyr 1062 phosphorylation, and that VEGFR2 and RET co-immunoprecipitate. Functionally, VEGF 165 induces ureteric bud cell proliferation and branching morphogenesis. Similarly, in embryonic kidney explants VEGF 165 induces RET-tyr 1062 phosphorylation and upregulates GDNF. These findings provide evidence for a novel cooperative interaction between VEGFR2 and RET that mediates VEGF-A functions in ureteric bud cells

  17. Teoría retórica como teoría del texto y narración digital como narración hipertextual: perspectivas de estudio entre la tradición y la modernidad

    OpenAIRE

    Chico Rico, Francisco

    2007-01-01

    El principal objetivo de este estudio es el de cubrir un capítulo que cada vez se hace más necesario en cualquier foro de debate sobre las tecnologías de la creación en la era digital: el relativo a la consideración de la llamada "hiperficción" o, para hablar con propiedad, "narración hipertextual" —como narración literaria de linealidad no fijada y comunicada a través de la pantalla de un ordenador— desde la perspectiva teórico-metodológica del sistema retórico, entendido como teoría del tex...

  18. Kinetics of Natural Detoxification of Hydrogen Cyanide Contained In Retted Cassava Roots

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available This work presents the kinetics of natural detoxification of hydrogen cyanide contained in retted cassava roots. Retting is traditional fermentation of cassava, performed to soften the roots. During retting, cyanide diffuses into water used for the retting. The fresh cassava roots (bitter and sweet varieties used for this experiment were separately retted at ambient 0 temperature of 30 C. The cyanide content and pH were monitored daily. From the analysis of the experimental results, a first order consecutive rate equation is an adequate tool for explaining the mechanism of HCN reduction (or decay in retted cassava roots. The detoxification constants for the bound cyanide in the bitter and sweet cassava roots were 0.378/day and 0.438/day respectively, while that of the free hydrogen cyanide were 0.63/day and 0.74/day for the bitter and sweet varieties respectively. Cassava tubers from different species cannot be fermented with the same retting condition unless they have same or close functional properties.

  19. Linen Most Useful: Perspectives on Structure, Chemistry, and Enzymes for Retting Flax

    Science.gov (United States)

    Akin, Danny E.

    2013-01-01

    The components of flax (Linum usitatissimum) stems are described and illustrated, with reference to the anatomy and chemical makeup and to applications in processing and products. Bast fiber, which is a major economic product of flax along with linseed and linseed oil, is described with particular reference to its application in textiles, composites, and specialty papers. A short history of retting methods, which is the separation of bast fiber from nonfiber components, is presented with emphasis on water retting, field retting (dew retting), and experimental methods. Past research on enzyme retting, particularly by the use of pectinases as a potential replacement for the current commercial practice of field retting, is reviewed. The importance and mechanism of Ca2+ chelators with pectinases in retting are described. Protocols are provided for retting of both fiber-type and linseed-type flax stems with different types of pectinases. Current and future applications are listed for use of a wide array of enzymes to improve processed fibers and blended yarns. Finally, potential lipid and aromatic coproducts derived from the dust and shive waste streams of fiber processing are indicated. PMID:25969769

  20. Conserved chromosomal positions of dual domains of the ets protooncogene in cats, mice, and humans

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watson, D.K.; McWilliams-Smith, M.J.; Kozak, C.

    1986-01-01

    The mammalian protooncogene homologue of the avian v-ets sequence from the E26 retrovirus consists of two sequentially distinct domains located on different chromosomes. Using somatic cell hybrid panels, the authors have mapped the mammalian homologue of the 5' v-ets-domain to chromosome 11 (ETS1) in man, to chromosome 9 (ets-1) in mouse, and to chromosome D1 (ETS1) in the domestic cat. The mammalian homologue of the 3' v-ets domain was similarly mapped to human chromosome 21 (ETS2), to mouse chromosome 16 (Ets-2), and to feline chromosome C2 (ETS2). Both protooncogenes fell in syntenic groups of homologous linked loci that were conserved among the three species. The occurrence of two distinct functional protooncogenes and their conservation of linkage positions in the three mammalian orders indicate that these two genes have been separate since before the evolutionary divergence of mammals

  1. Configuraciones retórico-lingüísticas del resumen en artículos científicos de economía: Contrastes en el interior de la disciplina

    OpenAIRE

    Stagnaro, Daniela

    2015-01-01

    En las últimas décadas, la lingüística especializada ha contribuido al conocimiento del discurso académico-científico, especialmente, de las características lingüístico- retóricas de géneros centrales de la comunicación científica. Entre ellos, el artículo científico y su resumen han recibido amplia atención por su centralidad en el proceso de investigación. Sin embargo, la bibliografía tiende a tratar el discurso de cada disciplina de manera homogénea sin considerar las ramas o los posiciona...

  2. RET mutational spectrum in Hirschsprung disease: evaluation of 601 Chinese patients.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Man-Ting So

    Full Text Available Rare (RVs and common variants of the RET gene contribute to Hirschsprung disease (HSCR; congenital aganglionosis. While RET common variants are strongly associated with the commonest manifestation of the disease (males; short-segment aganglionosis; sporadic, rare coding sequence (CDS variants are more frequently found in the lesser common and more severe forms of the disease (females; long/total colonic aganglionosis; familial.Here we present the screening for RVs in the RET CDS and intron/exon boundaries of 601 Chinese HSCR patients, the largest number of patients ever reported. We identified 61 different heterozygous RVs (50 novel distributed among 100 patients (16.64%. Those include 14 silent, 29 missense, 5 nonsense, 4 frame-shifts, and one in-frame amino-acid deletion in the CDS, two splice-site deletions, 4 nucleotide substitutions and a 22-bp deletion in the intron/exon boundaries and 1 single-nucleotide substitution in the 5' untranslated region. Exonic variants were mainly clustered in RET the extracellular domain. RET RVs were more frequent among patients with the most severe phenotype (24% vs. 15% in short-HSCR. Phasing RVs with the RET HSCR-associated haplotype suggests that RVs do not underlie the undisputable association of RET common variants with HSCR. None of the variants were found in 250 Chinese controls.

  3. Comparative evaluation of RetCam vs. gonioscopy images in congenital glaucoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Azad, Raj V; Chandra, Parijat; Chandra, Anuradha; Gupta, Aparna; Gupta, Viney; Sihota, Ramanjit

    2014-02-01

    To compare clarity, exposure and quality of anterior chamber angle visualization in congenital glaucoma patients, using RetCam and indirect gonioscopy images. Cross-sectional study Participants. Congenital glaucoma patients over age of 5 years. A prospective consecutive pilot study was done in congenital glaucoma patients who were older than 5 years. Methods used are indirect gonioscopy and RetCam imaging. Clarity of the image, extent of angle visible and details of angle structures seen were graded for both methods, on digitally recorded images, in each eye, by two masked observers. Image clarity, interobserver agreement. 40 eyes of 25 congenital glaucoma patients were studied. RetCam image had excellent clarity in 77.5% of patients versus 47.5% by gonioscopy. The extent of angle seen was similar by both methods. Agreement between RetCam and gonioscopy images regarding details of angle structures was 72.50% by observer 1 and 65.00% by observer 2. There was good agreement between RetCam and indirect gonioscopy images in detecting angle structures of congenital glaucoma patients. However, RetCam provided greater clarity, with better quality, and higher magnification images. RetCam can be a useful alternative to gonioscopy in infants and small children without the need for general anesthesia.

  4. Leerse a sí mismo: hermenéutica, política y retórica en Thomas Hobbes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María José Rossi

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available El reconocimiento del conflicto como realidad constitutiva de lo humano y la necesidad de un cierre que pasa por la fijación de la palabra justa encuentran en Hobbes su primera formulación. El pasaje de la instancia retórico-interpretativa a la axiomático-científica se da en Leviatan a través de tres momentos: introspectivo, contractual, estadual; su despliegue permite reconocer a la hermenéutica como resorte imprescindible para la implantación de un orden político fundado en la articulación entre ser (una antropología, decir (una retórica y actuar (una praxis. El intérprete resulta así un operador clave en el ajuste de las instancias natural y político-social

  5. Efficacy of rational emotive therapy (RET) with children: a critical re-appraisal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gossette, R L; O'Brien, R M

    1993-03-01

    Proponents of rational-emotive therapy (RET) advocate its use within the school curriculum to forestall future maladjustment through the early detection and eradication of irrational beliefs. A review of 33 unpublished dissertations and four published reports found RET effective in about 25% of comparisons with wait-list, placebo, and other treatment conditions. The major effects of RET were changes in scores on self-report measures of irrational beliefs, less on emotional distress, and little or no change in behavior; essentially the same pattern of effects previously found in a similar analysis of RET in adult populations. Little justification was found for continued use of RET in schools.

  6. HOXB5 cooperates with NKX2-1 in the transcription of human RET.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiang Zhu

    Full Text Available The enteric nervous system (ENS regulates peristaltic movement of the gut, and abnormal ENS causes Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR in newborns. HSCR is a congenital complex genetic disorder characterised by a lack of enteric ganglia along a variable length of the intestine. The receptor tyrosine kinase gene (RET is the major HSCR gene and its expression is crucial for ENS development. We have previously reported that (i HOXB5 transcription factor mediates RET expression, and (ii mouse with defective HOXB5 activity develop HSCR phenotype. In this study, we (i elucidate the underlying mechanisms that HOXB5 mediate RET expression, and (ii examine the interactions between HOXB5 and other transcription factors implicated in RET expression. We show that human HOXB5 binds to the promoter region 5' upstream of the binding site of NKX2-1 and regulates RET expression. HOXB5 and NKX2-1 form a protein complex and mediate RET expression in a synergistic manner. HSCR associated SNPs at the NKX2-1 binding site (-5G>A rs10900296; -1A>C rs10900297, which reduce NKX2-1 binding, abolish the synergistic trans-activation of RET by HOXB5 and NKX2-1. In contrast to the synergistic activation of RET with NKX2-1, HOXB5 cooperates in an additive manner with SOX10, PAX3 and PHOX2B in trans-activation of RET promoter. Taken together, our data suggests that HOXB5 in coordination with other transcription factors mediates RET expression. Therefore, defects in cis- or trans-regulation of RET by HOXB5 could lead to reduction of RET expression and contribute to the manifestation of the HSCR phenotype.

  7. Comparative evaluation of RetCam vs. gonioscopy images in congenital glaucoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raj V Azad

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: To compare clarity, exposure and quality of anterior chamber angle visualization in congenital glaucoma patients, using RetCam and indirect gonioscopy images. Design: Cross-sectional study Participants. Congenital glaucoma patients over age of 5 years. Materials and Methods: A prospective consecutive pilot study was done in congenital glaucoma patients who were older than 5 years. Methods used are indirect gonioscopy and RetCam imaging. Clarity of the image, extent of angle visible and details of angle structures seen were graded for both methods, on digitally recorded images, in each eye, by two masked observers. Outcome Measures: Image clarity, interobserver agreement. Results: 40 eyes of 25 congenital glaucoma patients were studied. RetCam image had excellent clarity in 77.5% of patients versus 47.5% by gonioscopy. The extent of angle seen was similar by both methods. Agreement between RetCam and gonioscopy images regarding details of angle structures was 72.50% by observer 1 and 65.00% by observer 2. Conclusions: There was good agreement between RetCam and indirect gonioscopy images in detecting angle structures of congenital glaucoma patients. However, RetCam provided greater clarity, with better quality, and higher magnification images. RetCam can be a useful alternative to gonioscopy in infants and small children without the need for general anesthesia.

  8. Retórica vs. Comportamiento en las relaciones comerciales. Un análisis de las relaciones de Venezuela hacia Estados Unidos. Periodo 2007-2012

    OpenAIRE

    Osorio Quevedo, Alejandra

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo de esta monografía es analizar la incongruencia entre la retórica antiestadounidense empleada por Hugo Chávez durante su segundo mandato presidencial y las relaciones comerciales entre Venezuela y Estados Unidos, caracterizadas por la continua y considerable exportación de crudo venezolano. Por consiguiente, tras una descripción del discurso y de la política exterior del entonces mandatario, aunada a la exposición de estadísticas del comercio bilateral de crudo venezolano; se estu...

  9. ret en daarna

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Dommering, E.; Geus, M.J.; Hins, A.W.; Kroes, Q.R.; Nieuwenhuis, A.J.; Pietermaat, E.C.; Turner, C.J.; Voorhoof, D.

    2013-01-01

    In de zaak Féret1 veroordeelde het EHRM de haatzaaiende politicus voor discriminatie en aanzetten tot racisme, zonder dat in concreto een daad tot aanzetten van geweld of discriminatie door de nationale rechter was vastgesteld. Dit blijft, ondanks interne discussie in het Hof, vaste jurisprudentie.

  10. Characterization of the promoter region of the human c-erbB-2 protooncogene

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishii, S.; Imamoto, F.; Yamanashi, Y.; Toyoshima, K.; Yamamoto, T.

    1987-01-01

    Three overlapping genomic clones that contain the 5'-terminal portion of the human c-erbB-2 gene (ERBB2) were isolated. The promoter region was identified by nuclease S1 mapping with c-erbB-2 mRNA. Seven transcriptional start sites were identified. DNA sequence analysis showed that the promoter region contains a TATA box and a CAAT box about 30 and 80 base pairs (bp), respectively, upstream of the most downstream RNA initiation site. Two putative binding sites for transcription factor Sp1 were identified about 50 and 110 bp upstream of the CAAT box, and six GGA repeats were found between the CAAT box and the TATA box. This region had strong promoter activity when placed upstream of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and transfected into monkey CV-1 cells. These data indicate that the promoter of the human c-erbB-2 protooncogene is different from that of the protooncogene c-erbB-1 (epidermal growth factor receptor gene), which does not contain either a TATA box or a CAAT box. Comparison of the promoter sequences and activities of the two protooncogenes should be helpful in analysis of the regulatory mechanism of expression of their gene products, which are growth-factor receptors

  11. Carlos Germán Belli y Jorge Eduardo Eielson. Un ensayo de retórica comparada

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández-Cozman, Camilo

    2016-01-01

    Carlos Germán Belli y Jorge Eduardo Eielson son dos poetas peruanos. El autor intenta comparar la obra de ambos poetas sobre la base del análisis de las figuras literarias y de las técnicas argumentativas. Se trata de una óptica de Retórica Comparada. Los dos poetas realizan una crítica de las estructuras de poder hegemónico y ello se evidencia en dos poemas representativos: "La ración" y "Cappella Sistina".

  12. CO2, GDP and RET: An aggregate economic equilibrium analysis for Turkey

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kumbaroglu, Guerkan; Karali, Nihan; Arikan, Yildiz

    2008-01-01

    There is a worldwide interest in renewable electricity technologies (RETs) due to growing concerns about global warming and climate change. As an EU candidate country whose energy demand increases exponentially, Turkey inevitably shares this common interest on RET. This study, using an aggregate economic equilibrium model, explores the economic costs of different policy measures to mitigate CO 2 emissions in Turkey. The model combines energy demands, capital requirements and labor inputs at a constant elasticity of substitution under an economy-wide nested production function. Growing energy demand, triggered by economic growth, is met by increased supply and initiates new capacity additions. Investment into RET is encouraged via the incorporation of (a) endogenous technological learning through which the RET cost declines as a function of cumulative capacity, and (b) a willingness to pay (WTP) function which imposes the WTP of consumers as a lower bound on RET installation. The WTP equation is obtained as a function of consumer income categories, based on data gathered from a pilot survey in which the contingent valuation methodology was employed. The impacts of various emission reduction scenarios on GDP growth and RET diffusion are explored. As expected, RET penetration is accelerated under faster technological learning and higher WTP conditions. It is found that stabilizing CO 2 emissions to year 2005 levels causes economic losses amounting to 17% and 23% of GDP in the years 2020 and 2030, respectively

  13. Análisis de retóricas políticas y periodísticas a raíz de las elecciones presidenciales colombianas de 2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana María Ángel Botero

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analizan las retóricas empleadas por los candidatos a la Presidencia de la República de Colombia en la campaña electoral de 2006 y las de los periodistas que los entrevistaron a través de las cadenas radiales con mayor audiencia nacional. Para dar cuenta de las retóricas se recurre a los planteamientos de Bourdieu y a las categorías de análisis de conversación propuestas por Potter y Verón. Una vez realizados los análisis intra y extradiscursivo a las entrevistas radiales, se explican los mecanismos a partir de los cuales los periodistas construyen su discurso basándose en retóricas como las de la objetividad, y el maniqueísmo; y se exponen las características a través de las cuales los políticos configuran un discurso basado en la estructura del relato.

  14. La resurrección retórica de la República en 1890: Un análisis sobre las relaciones entre elocuencia, oratoria y política en la Argentina a fines del siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo D. Hirsch

    Full Text Available El trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer un análisis de las relaciones entre retórica, oratoria y política en la Argentina, a lo largo del siglo XIX, en general, y durante la crisis de 1890, en particular. En este sentido creemos que en la particular coyuntura de 1890 se temió sobre todo por la desintegración del cuerpo político de la República como consecuencia de la creciente indiferencia de los ciudadanos por la cosa pública. Los Cívicos, en consecuencia, decidieron emprender una "campaña de regeneración", fundada sobre la creencia en el "poder soberano de la palabra", y en la legitimidad que otorgaba la elocuencia de sus oradores, para transformar los hábitos políticos.

  15. Sediments of a retting yard

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Remani, K.N.; Venugopal, P.; Devi, K.S.; Unnithan, R.V.

    (av. 46.8 and 92.3 mg/g respectively) compared to the reference station (20.6 and 48.9 mg/g) and published data on estuarine sediments.C/N ratios were consistently higher in the retting yard. Organic nitrogen, however,did not show this trend. Annual...

  16. Bioinformatics of non small cell lung cancer and the ras proto-oncogene

    CERN Document Server

    Kashyap, Amita; Babu M, Naresh

    2015-01-01

    Cancer is initiated by activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Mutations in the K-ras proto-oncogene are responsible for 10–30% of adenocarcinomas. Clinical Findings point to a wide variety of other cancers contributing to lung cancer incidence. Such a scenario makes identification of lung cancer difficult and thus identifying its mechanisms can contribute to the society. Identifying unique conserved patterns common to contributing proto-oncogenes may further be a boon to Pharmacogenomics and pharmacoinformatics. This calls for ab initio/de novo drug discovery that in turn will require a comprehensive in silico approach of Sequence, Domain, Phylogenetic and Structural analysis of the receptors, ligand screening and optimization and detailed Docking studies. This brief involves extensive role of the RAS subfamily that includes a set of proteins, which cause an over expression of cancer-causing genes like M-ras and initiate tumour formation in lungs. SNP Studies and Structure based ...

  17. ABSURDO, BULO E IRONÍA: PILARES DEL HUMOR ESCRITO DEL SUPLEMENTO ARGENTINO SÁTIRA/12

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Pedrazzini

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El suplemento argentino Sátira/12 del diario Página/12, publicado de forma ininterrumpida desde 1987, es el periódico satírico-humorístico más antiguo del período postdictadura en la Argentina, que comienza en 1983. Pese a ello, no conocemos estudios previos que analicen su producción. Desde una perspectiva semiótica y retórico-estilística y de un análisis de contenido, estudiamos los recursos que son puestos en juego no sólo para criticar, ridiculizar y descalificar a la figura presidencial, sino también para subvertir las formas y contenidos propios del género periodístico, y más particularmente, del diario del cual este suplemento depende. Componentes metatextuales, autorreferenciales y polifónicos se unen a los más característicos del género satírico, dando lugar a una trama compleja e interesante. Estudiamos todos los títulos que hacen referencia al presidente Carlos Menem durante dos períodos históricos (inicio de su primer y segundo mandato. De todas las figuras retóricas, las de pensamiento, macroestructurales, emergen como elementos clave del discurso. Las mismas trascienden el discurso de la noticia al incorporar elementos extratextuales, y proponen un tratamiento irónico, absurdo y ficticio de los hechos de actualidad. Lo verosímil del género periodístico parodiado contrasta con lo inverosímil del contenido, a partir del bulo o la falsa noticia, que representa el 42% de los títulos considerados. Este análisis es además enriquecido con una entrevista en profundidad al fundador y director del suplemento.

  18. RET fusions in a small subset of advanced colorectal cancers at risk of being neglected.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pietrantonio, F; Di Nicolantonio, F; Schrock, A B; Lee, J; Morano, F; Fucà, G; Nikolinakos, P; Drilon, A; Hechtman, J F; Christiansen, J; Gowen, K; Frampton, G M; Gasparini, P; Rossini, D; Gigliotti, C; Kim, S T; Prisciandaro, M; Hodgson, J; Zaniboni, A; Chiu, V K; Milione, M; Patel, R; Miller, V; Bardelli, A; Novara, L; Wang, L; Pupa, S; Sozzi, G; Ross, J; Di Bartolomeo, M; Bertotti, A; Ali, S; Trusolino, L; Falcone, A; de Braud, F; Cremolini, C

    2018-03-10

    Recognition of rare molecular subgroups is a challenge for precision oncology and may lead to tissue-agnostic approval of targeted agents. Here we aimed to comprehensively characterize the clinical, pathological and molecular landscape of RET rearranged metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In this case series, we compared clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics of 24 RET rearranged mCRC patients with those of a control group of 291 patients with RET negative tumors. RET rearranged and RET negative mCRCs were retrieved by systematic literature review and by taking advantage of three screening sources: 1) Ignyta's phase 1/1b study on RXDX-105 (NCT01877811); 2) cohorts screened at two Italian and one South Korean Institutions; 3) Foundation Medicine Inc. database. Next generation sequencing data were analyzed for RET rearranged cases. RET fusions were more frequent in older patients (median age of 66 vs. 60 years, p = 0.052), with ECOG PS 1-2 (90% vs. 50%, p = 0.02), right-sided (55% vs. 32%, P=0.013), previously unresected primary tumors (58% vs. 21%, P<0.001), RAS and BRAF wild-type (100% vs. 40%, p < 0.001) and MSI-high (48% vs. 7%, P<0.001). Notably, 11 (26%) out of 43 patients with right-sided, RAS and BRAF wild-type tumors harbored a RET rearrangement. At a median follow-up of 45.8 months, patients with RET fusion-positive tumors showed a significantly worse OS when compared with RET-negative ones (median OS 14.0 vs. 38.0 months, HR: 4.59; 95% CI, 3.64-32.66; P<0.001). In the multivariable model, RET rearrangements were still associated with shorter OS [HR: 2.97; 95% CI, 1.25-7.07; P=0.014], while primary tumor location, RAS and BRAF mutations and MSI status were not. Though very rare, RET rearrangements define a new subtype of mCRC that shows poor prognosis with conventional treatments and is therefore worth of a specific management.

  19. Byggeri hele året 1

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Den voksende byggeaktivitet har medført, at både betydningen af og interessen for vinterbyggeri stadig øges. Denne tendens har været kraftigt understøttet af Boligministeriet, og Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut har derfor fundet det naturligt at sammenfatte tidligere anvisninger og de seneste års...

  20. El argumento de probabilidad (τὸ εἰκός en la retórica griega

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heiner Mercado Percia

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Los discursos de oradores como Isócrates, Gorgias, Antifonte, Lisias, entre otros, e igualmente, los dos tratados de retórica que conservamos de la segunda mitad del siglo IV a. C no sólo pueden considerarse como piezas literarias construidas con gran habilidad o como manuales con recetas para aplicar, sino como fuente de conceptos de interés para la filosofía. En este artículo se analiza uno de esos conceptos, τὸ εἰκός. Traducido normalmente como “probable” o “verosímil”, los eikóta son recursos argumentativos utilizados desde los orígenes de la práctica de arte retórico, sobre todo en espacios judiciales y, particularmente, fueron usados en aquellos litigios en los que la falta de testigos o testimonios hacía difícil inclinar favorablemente al juez. Pero también los eikóta ocuparon el centro de la crítica platónica por ser definidos como opuestos a la verdad (ἀλήθεια.

  1. Retórica fotográfica. Ingenio y provocación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Gómez Alonso

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La fotografía es uno de los medios visuales que más ha evolucionado, desde sus orígenes a mediados del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, en sus formas de representación visual. La articulación de su lenguaje como medio de comunicación se vale de distintos modos de expresión, y en este sentido, la retórica juega un papel importante a la hora de ofrecer varias posibilidades de aplicación, en donde el ingenio y la utilización de sus capacidades estéticas (diseño, técnicas (instrumentos tecnológicos, culturales (reflejo de las prácticas sociales y argumentativas (cualidades narrativas son las claves de su sentido creativo.

  2. Modifications Caused by Enzyme-Retting and Their Effect on Composite Performance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonn A. Foulk

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Bethune seed flax was collected from Canada with seed removed using a stripper header and straw pulled and left in field for several weeks. Unretted straw was decorticated providing a coarse fiber bundle feedstock for enzyme treatments. Enzyme treatments using a bacterial pectinolytic enzyme with lyase activity were conducted in lab-scale reactors. Four fiber specimens were created: no retting, minimal retting, moderate retting, and full retting. Fiber characterization tests: strength, elongation, diameter, metal content, wax content, and pH were conducted with significant differences between fibers. Thermosetting vinyl ester resin was used to produce composite panels via vacuum-assisted infusion. Composite performance was evaluated using fiber bundle pull-out, tensile, impact, and interlaminar shear tests. Composite tests indicate that composite panels are largely unchanged among fiber samples. Variation in composite performance might not be realized due to poor interfacial bonding being of larger impact than the more subtle changes incurred by the enzyme treatment.

  3. Forårets urter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Kirsten

    2016-01-01

    Om foråret kommer der liv i naturen. Planter og dyr får en ny begyndelse. Fugleæg, dyreunger, små nye træer i skovbunden og lysegrønne planter dukker op. Forårsmånederne hedder marts, april og maj. Her pibler alt det grønne op ad jorden. Meget af det kan faktisk spises, selvom vi kalder det ukrud...

  4. The dependence receptor Ret induces apoptosis in somatotrophs through a Pit-1/p53 pathway, preventing tumor growth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cañibano, Carmen; Rodriguez, Noela L; Saez, Carmen; Tovar, Sulay; Garcia-Lavandeira, Montse; Borrello, Maria Grazia; Vidal, Anxo; Costantini, Frank; Japon, Miguel; Dieguez, Carlos; Alvarez, Clara V

    2007-04-18

    Somatotrophs are the only pituitary cells that express Ret, GFRalpha1 and GDNF. This study investigated the effects of Ret in a somatotroph cell line, in primary pituitary cultures and in Ret KO mice. Ret regulates somatotroph numbers by inducing Pit-1 overexpression, leading to increased p53 expression and apoptosis, both of which can be prevented with Ret or Pit-1 siRNA. The Pit-1 overexpression is mediated by sustained activation of PKCdelta, JNK, c/EBPalpha and CREB induced by a complex of Ret, caspase 3 and PKCdelta. In the presence of GDNF, Akt is activated, and the Pit-1 overexpression and resulting apoptosis are blocked. The adenopituitary of Ret KO mice is larger than normal, showing Pit-1 and somatotroph hyperplasia. In normal animals, activation of the Ret/Pit-1/p53 pathway by retroviral introduction of Ret blocked tumor growth in vivo. Thus, somatotrophs have an intrinsic mechanism for controlling Pit-1/GH production through an apoptotic/survival pathway. Ret might be of value for treatment of pituitary adenomas.

  5. Ret Finger Protein: An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Juxtaposed to the XY Body in Meiosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabelle Gillot

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available During prophase I of male meiosis, the sex chromosomes form a compact structure called XY body that associates with the nuclear membrane of pachytene spermatocytes. Ret Finger Protein is a transcriptional repressor, able to interact with both nuclear matrix-associated proteins and double-stranded DNA. We report the precise and unique localization of Ret Finger Protein in pachytene spermatocytes, in which Ret Finger Protein takes place of lamin B1, between the XY body and the inner nuclear membrane. This localization of Ret Finger Protein does not seem to be associated with O-glycosylation or sumoylation. In addition, we demonstrate that Ret Finger Protein contains an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. These observations lead to an attractive hypothesis in which Ret Finger Protein would be involved in the positioning and the attachment of XY body to the nuclear lamina of pachytene spermatocytes.

  6. Observation of aggregation triggered by Resonance Energy Transfer (RET) induced intermolecular pairing force.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Xiaoyong; Wang, Weizhi; Ke, Lin; Zhang, Nan

    2017-07-20

    In this report, we showed the existence of RET induced intermolecular pairing force by comparing their fluorescence behaviors under room illumination vs standing in dark area for either PFluAnt solution or PFluAnt&PFOBT mixture. Their prominent emission attenuation under room illumination brought out the critical role of photo, i.e. RET induced intermolecular pairing force in induction of polymer aggregation. Constant UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra in terms of both peak shapes and maximum wavelengths implied no chemical decomposition was involved. Recoverable fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime as well as NMR spectra further exclude photo induced decomposition. The controllable on/off state of RET induced intermolecular pairing force was verified by the masking effect of outside PFluAnt solution which function as filter to block the excitation of inside PFluAnt and thus off the RET induced intermolecular pairing force. Theoretical calculation suggest that magnitude of RET induced intermolecular pairing force is on the same scale as that of van der Waals interaction. Although the absolute magnitude of RET induced intermolecular pairing force was not tunable, its effect can be magnified by intentionally turn it "on", which was achieved by irradiance with 5 W desk lamp in this report.

  7. Ret function in muscle stem cells points to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moyle, Louise A; Blanc, Eric; Jaka, Oihane; Prueller, Johanna; Banerji, Christopher Rs; Tedesco, Francesco Saverio; Harridge, Stephen Dr; Knight, Robert D; Zammit, Peter S

    2016-11-14

    Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) involves sporadic expression of DUX4, which inhibits myogenesis and is pro-apoptotic. To identify target genes, we over-expressed DUX4 in myoblasts and found that the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret was significantly up-regulated, suggesting a role in FSHD. RET is dynamically expressed during myogenic progression in mouse and human myoblasts. Constitutive expression of either RET9 or RET51 increased myoblast proliferation, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of Ret induced myogenic differentiation. Suppressing RET activity using Sunitinib, a clinically-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, rescued differentiation in both DUX4-expressing murine myoblasts and in FSHD patient-derived myoblasts. Importantly, Sunitinib also increased engraftment and differentiation of FSHD myoblasts in regenerating mouse muscle. Thus, DUX4-mediated activation of Ret prevents myogenic differentiation and could contribute to FSHD pathology by preventing satellite cell-mediated repair. Rescue of DUX4-induced pathology by Sunitinib highlights the therapeutic potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treatment of FSHD.

  8. Controlled retting of hemp fibres: Effect of hydrothermal pre-treatmen tand enzymatic retting on the mechanical properties of unidirectiona lhemp/epoxy composites

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Ming; Silva, Diogo Alexandre Santos; Fernando, Dinesh

    2016-01-01

    The objective of this work was to investigate the use of hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic retting to remove non-cellulosic compounds and thus improve the mechanical properties of hemp fibre/epoxy composites. Hydrothermal pre-treatment at 100 kPa and 121 °C combined with enzymatic retting...... produced fibres with the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 780 MPa. Compared to untreated fibres, this combined treatment exhibited a positive effect on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre/epoxy composites, resulting in high quality composites with low porosity factor (αpf) of 0.08.Traditional...

  9. Novel tumorigenic rearrangement, Δrfp/ret, in a papillary thyroid carcinoma from externally irradiated patient

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saenko, Vladimir; Rogounovitch, Tatiana; Shimizu-Yoshida, Yuki; Abrosimov, Aleksandr; Lushnikov, Eugeny; Roumiantsev, Pavel; Matsumoto, Naomichi; Nakashima, Masahiro; Meirmanov, Serik; Ohtsuru, Akira; Namba, Hiroyuki; Tsyb, Anatoly; Yamashita, Shunichi

    2003-01-01

    Molecular analysis of cDNA derived from a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma on histology) which developed in an externally irradiated patient 4 years after exposure identified a portion of the 5' region, exons 1-3, of the rfp gene juxtaposed upstream of the fragment encoding the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of the ret gene. The fusion gene, termed Δrfp/ret, was the result of a balanced chromosomal translocation t(6;10) (p21.3;q11.2) confirmed by interphase FISH painting, with breakpoints occurring in introns 3 and 11 of the rfp and ret genes, respectively. Both Δrfp/ret and reciprocal ret/rfp chimeric introns had small deletions around breakpoints consistent with presumed misrepair of a radiation-induced double-strand DNA break underlying the rearrangement. No extensive sequence homology was found between the fragments flanking the breakpoints. The fusion protein retained the propensity to form oligomers likely to be mediated by a coiled-coil of the RFP polypeptide as assessed by a yeast two-hybrid system. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stably transfected with a mammalian expression vector encoding full-length ΔRFP/RET readily gave rise to the tumors in athymic mice suggestive of high transforming potential of the fusion protein. Thus, the Δrfp/ret rearrangement may be causatively involved in cancerogenesis and provides additional evidence of the role of activated ret oncogene in the development of a subset of papillary thyroid carcinoma

  10. Novel tumorigenic rearrangement, {delta}rfp/ret, in a papillary thyroid carcinoma from externally irradiated patient

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saenko, Vladimir; Rogounovitch, Tatiana; Shimizu-Yoshida, Yuki; Abrosimov, Aleksandr; Lushnikov, Eugeny; Roumiantsev, Pavel; Matsumoto, Naomichi; Nakashima, Masahiro; Meirmanov, Serik; Ohtsuru, Akira; Namba, Hiroyuki; Tsyb, Anatoly; Yamashita, Shunichi

    2003-06-19

    Molecular analysis of cDNA derived from a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma on histology) which developed in an externally irradiated patient 4 years after exposure identified a portion of the 5' region, exons 1-3, of the rfp gene juxtaposed upstream of the fragment encoding the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of the ret gene. The fusion gene, termed {delta}rfp/ret, was the result of a balanced chromosomal translocation t(6;10) (p21.3;q11.2) confirmed by interphase FISH painting, with breakpoints occurring in introns 3 and 11 of the rfp and ret genes, respectively. Both {delta}rfp/ret and reciprocal ret/rfp chimeric introns had small deletions around breakpoints consistent with presumed misrepair of a radiation-induced double-strand DNA break underlying the rearrangement. No extensive sequence homology was found between the fragments flanking the breakpoints. The fusion protein retained the propensity to form oligomers likely to be mediated by a coiled-coil of the RFP polypeptide as assessed by a yeast two-hybrid system. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stably transfected with a mammalian expression vector encoding full-length {delta}RFP/RET readily gave rise to the tumors in athymic mice suggestive of high transforming potential of the fusion protein. Thus, the {delta}rfp/ret rearrangement may be causatively involved in cancerogenesis and provides additional evidence of the role of activated ret oncogene in the development of a subset of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

  11. New Insights into c-Ret Signalling Pathway in the Enteric Nervous System and Its Relationship with ALS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. J. Luesma

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The receptor tyrosine kinase Ret (c-Ret transduces the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF signal, one of the neurotrophic factors related to the degeneration process or the regeneration activity of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS. The phosphorylation of several tyrosine residues of c-Ret seems to be altered in ALS. c-Ret is expressed in motor neurons and in the enteric nervous system (ENS during the embryonic period. The characteristics of the ENS allow using it as model for central nervous system (CNS study and being potentially useful for the research of human neurological diseases such as ALS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular localization and quantitative evaluation of marker c-Ret in the adult human gut. To assess the nature of c-Ret positive cells, we performed colocalization with specific markers of cells that typically are located in the enteric ganglia. The colocalization of PGP9.5 and c-Ret was preferentially intense in enteric neurons with oval morphology and mostly peripherally localized in the ganglion, so we concluded that the c-Ret receptor is expressed by a specific subtype of enteric neurons in the mature human ENS of the gut. The functional significance of these c-Ret positive neurons is discussed.

  12. New insights into c-Ret signalling pathway in the enteric nervous system and its relationship with ALS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luesma, M J; Cantarero, I; Álvarez-Dotu, J M; Santander, S; Junquera, C

    2014-01-01

    The receptor tyrosine kinase Ret (c-Ret) transduces the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signal, one of the neurotrophic factors related to the degeneration process or the regeneration activity of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The phosphorylation of several tyrosine residues of c-Ret seems to be altered in ALS. c-Ret is expressed in motor neurons and in the enteric nervous system (ENS) during the embryonic period. The characteristics of the ENS allow using it as model for central nervous system (CNS) study and being potentially useful for the research of human neurological diseases such as ALS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular localization and quantitative evaluation of marker c-Ret in the adult human gut. To assess the nature of c-Ret positive cells, we performed colocalization with specific markers of cells that typically are located in the enteric ganglia. The colocalization of PGP9.5 and c-Ret was preferentially intense in enteric neurons with oval morphology and mostly peripherally localized in the ganglion, so we concluded that the c-Ret receptor is expressed by a specific subtype of enteric neurons in the mature human ENS of the gut. The functional significance of these c-Ret positive neurons is discussed.

  13. RET Functions as a Dual-Specificity Kinase that Requires Allosteric Inputs from Juxtamembrane Elements

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Plaza-Menacho

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Receptor tyrosine kinases exhibit a variety of activation mechanisms despite highly homologous catalytic domains. Such diversity arises through coupling of extracellular ligand-binding portions with highly variable intracellular sequences flanking the tyrosine kinase domain and specific patterns of autophosphorylation sites. Here, we show that the juxtamembrane (JM segment enhances RET catalytic domain activity through Y687. This phospho-site is also required by the JM region to rescue an otherwise catalytically deficient RET activation-loop mutant lacking tyrosines. Structure-function analyses identified interactions between the JM hinge, αC helix, and an unconventional activation-loop serine phosphorylation site that engages the HRD motif and promotes phospho-tyrosine conformational accessibility and regulatory spine assembly. We demonstrate that this phospho-S909 arises from an intrinsic RET dual-specificity kinase activity and show that an equivalent serine is required for RET signaling in Drosophila. Our findings reveal dual-specificity and allosteric components for the mechanism of RET activation and signaling with direct implications for drug discovery.

  14. Traducción y educación para la comunicación social: el ejercicio de la traducción en la instrucción retórica

    OpenAIRE

    Chico Rico, Francisco

    2008-01-01

    Este trabajo de investigación se centra fundamentalmente en los debates disciplinares latinos en torno a la traducción y a su importancia para la formación del orador en particular y para la educación para la comunicación social en general. En este contexto se aborda el ejercicio de la traducción tanto en el marco de la teoría retórica como en el dominio de la teoría gramatical, así como en el seno de las relaciones entre aquél y éste, ya que si la teoría retórica consideró la traducción fund...

  15. The human protooncogene product p33pim is expressed during fetal hematopoiesis and in diverse leukemias

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amson, R.; Przedborski, S.; Telerman, A.; Sigaux, F.; Flandrin, G.; Givol, D.

    1989-01-01

    The authors measured the human pim-1 protooncogene (PIM) expression during fetal development and in hematopoietic malignancies. The data indicate that during human fetal hematopoiesis the 33-kDa pim product, p33pim, is highly expressed in the liver and the spleen. In contrast, a the adult stage it is only slightly expressed in circulating granulocytes. Out of 70 hematopoietic malignancies analyzed, 51 patients and 19 cell lines, p33pim was overexpressed in ∼ 30% of the samples, particularly in myeloid and lymphoid acute leukemias. This overexpression was unrelated to any stage of cellular differentiation and was not due to gene rearrangement or amplification. These results imply a physiological role of the pim-1 protooncogene during hematopoietic development and a deregulation in various leukemias

  16. Bacterial succession and metabolite changes during flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) retting with Bacillus cereus HDYM-02.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Dan; Liu, Pengfei; Pan, Chao; Du, Renpeng; Ping, Wenxiang; Ge, Jingping

    2016-09-02

    High-throughput sequencing and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) were jointly used to reveal the bacterial succession and metabolite changes during flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) retting. The inoculation of Bacillus cereus HDYM-02 decreased bacterial richness and diversity. This inoculum led to the replacement of Enterobacteriaceae by Bacillaceae. The level of aerobic Pseudomonadaceae (mainly Azotobacter) and anaerobic Clostridiaceae_1 gradually increased and decreased, respectively. Following the addition of B. cereus HDYM-02, the dominant groups were all degumming enzyme producers or have been proven to be involved in microbial retting throughout the entire retting period. These results could be verified by the metabolite changes, either degumming enzymes or their catalytic products galacturonic acid and reducing sugars. The GC-MS data showed a clear separation between flax retting with and without B. cereus HDYM-02, particularly within the first 72 h. These findings reveal the important bacterial groups that are involved in fiber retting and will facilitate improvements in the retting process.

  17. Distributional effects of the Australian Renewable Energy Target (RET) through wholesale and retail electricity price impacts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cludius, Johanna; Forrest, Sam; MacGill, Iain

    2014-01-01

    The Australian Renewable Energy Target (RET) has spurred significant investment in renewable electricity generation, notably wind power, over the past decade. This paper considers distributional implications of the RET for different energy users. Using time-series regression, we show that the increasing amount of wind energy has placed considerable downward pressure on wholesale electricity prices through the so-called merit order effect. On the other hand, RET costs are passed on to consumers in the form of retail electricity price premiums. Our findings highlight likely significant redistributive transfers between different energy user classes under current RET arrangements. In particular, some energy-intensive industries are benefiting from lower wholesale electricity prices whilst being largely exempted from contributing to the costs of the scheme. By contrast, many households are paying significant RET pass through costs whilst not necessarily benefiting from lower wholesale prices. A more equitable distribution of RET costs and benefits could be achieved by reviewing the scope and extent of industry exemptions and ensuring that methodologies to estimate wholesale price components in regulated electricity tariffs reflect more closely actual market conditions. More generally, these findings support the growing international appreciation that policy makers need to integrate distributional assessments into policy design and implementation. - Highlights: • The Australian RET has complex yet important distributional impacts on different energy users. • Likely wealth transfers from residential and small business consumers to large energy-intensive industry. • Merit order effects of wind likely overcompensate exempt industry for contribution to RET costs. • RET costs for households could be reduced if merit order effects were adequately passed through. • Need for distributional impact assessments when designing and implementing clean energy policy

  18. Ret and Etv4 Promote Directed Movements of Progenitor Cells during Renal Branching Morphogenesis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paul Riccio

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Branching morphogenesis of the epithelial ureteric bud forms the renal collecting duct system and is critical for normal nephron number, while low nephron number is implicated in hypertension and renal disease. Ureteric bud growth and branching requires GDNF signaling from the surrounding mesenchyme to cells at the ureteric bud tips, via the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and coreceptor Gfrα1; Ret signaling up-regulates transcription factors Etv4 and Etv5, which are also critical for branching. Despite extensive knowledge of the genetic control of these events, it is not understood, at the cellular level, how renal branching morphogenesis is achieved or how Ret signaling influences epithelial cell behaviors to promote this process. Analysis of chimeric embryos previously suggested a role for Ret signaling in promoting cell rearrangements in the nephric duct, but this method was unsuited to study individual cell behaviors during ureteric bud branching. Here, we use Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM, combined with organ culture and time-lapse imaging, to trace the movements and divisions of individual ureteric bud tip cells. We first examine wild-type clones and then Ret or Etv4 mutant/wild-type clones in which the mutant and wild-type sister cells are differentially and heritably marked by green and red fluorescent proteins. We find that, in normal kidneys, most individual tip cells behave as self-renewing progenitors, some of whose progeny remain at the tips while others populate the growing UB trunks. In Ret or Etv4 MADM clones, the wild-type cells generated at a UB tip are much more likely to remain at, or move to, the new tips during branching and elongation, while their Ret-/- or Etv4-/- sister cells tend to lag behind and contribute only to the trunks. By tracking successive mitoses in a cell lineage, we find that Ret signaling has little effect on proliferation, in contrast to its effects on cell movement. Our results show that Ret

  19. Screening for retinopathy of prematurity-a comparison between binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and RetCam 120

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shah Parag

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Aim: To compare the photographic screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP using RetCam 120 with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO, which is the current gold standard. Setting and Design: Prospective, comparative study. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 RetCam examinations were performed on 27 premature babies. They were stored in a separate file after deleting the identifying information. At the same visit using the BIO with scleral depression, an experienced vitreoretinal surgeon evaluated the fundus in detail. A masked examiner then evaluated the RetCam photographs for presence or absence of ROP, the stage and zone of the disease, and the presence or absence of plus disease. These data were then compared with the BIO findings to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and the positive and negative predictive values of the method. Results: ROP was detected in 63 of 87 examinations by BIO and in 56 of 87 RetCam examinations. Nine RetCam examinations were false-negative and two were false-positive. Sensitivity of RetCam was 85.71% (54/63 and specificity was 91.66% (22/24. The positive and negative predictive values were 96.43% and 70.97% respectively. Conclusion: Nine cases having ROP were missed by the RetCam. All these cases were either in zone 3 or the outer part of zone 2, which later regressed. These were missed mostly because of the restricted mobility of the camera head caused by its size and the barrier caused by the lid speculum arms. No case of threshold ROP was missed. RetCam may replace BIO for screening of ROP.

  20. Developmental wiring of specific neurons is regulated by RET-1/Nogo-A in Caenorhabditis elegans

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Torpe, Nanna; Nørgaard, Steffen; Høye, Anette M.

    2017-01-01

    Nogo-A is a membrane-bound protein that functions to inhibit neuronal migration, adhesion, and neurite outgrowth during development. In the mature nervous system, Nogo-A stabilizes neuronal wiring to inhibit neuronal plasticity and regeneration after injury. Here, we show that RET-1, the sole Nog...... present a previously unidentified function for RET-1 in the nervous system of C. elegans.......-A homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans, is required to control developmental wiring of a specific subset of neurons. In ret-1 deletion mutant animals, specific ventral nerve cord axons are misguided where they fail to respect the ventral midline boundary. We found that ret-1 is expressed in multiple neurons...

  1. Risk Profile of the RET A883F Germline Mutation: An International Collaborative Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mathiesen, Jes Sloth; Habra, Mouhammed Amir; Bassett, John Howard Duncan; Choudhury, Sirazum Mubin; Balasubramanian, Sabapathy Prakash; Howlett, Trevor A; Robinson, Bruce G; Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne-Paule; Castinetti, Frederic; Vestergaard, Peter; Frank-Raue, Karin

    2017-06-01

    The A883F germline mutation of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene causes multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B. In the revised American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), the A883F mutation has been reclassified from the highest to the high-risk level, although no well-defined risk profile for this mutation exists. To create a risk profile for the A883F mutation for appropriate classification among the ATA risk levels. Retrospective analysis. International collaboration. Included were 13 A883F carriers. The intervention was thyroidectomy. Earliest age of MTC, regional lymph node metastases, distant metastases, age-related penetrance of MTC and pheochromocytoma (PHEO), overall and disease-specific survival, and biochemical cure rate. One and three carriers were diagnosed at age 7 to 9 years (median, 7.5 years) with a normal thyroid and C-cell hyperplasia, respectively. Nine carriers were diagnosed with MTC at age 10 to 39 years (median, 19 years). The earliest age of MTC, regional lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis was 10, 20, and 20 years, respectively. Fifty percent penetrance of MTC and PHEO was achieved by age 19 and 34 years, respectively. Five- and 10-year survival rates (both overall and disease specific) were 88% and 88%, respectively. Biochemical cure for MTC at latest follow-up was achieved in 63% (five of eight carriers) with pertinent data. MTC of A883F carriers seems to have a more indolent natural course compared with that of M918T carriers. Our results support the classification of the A883F mutation in the ATA high-risk level. Copyright © 2017 Endocrine Society

  2. Expression of the RET/PTC fusion gene as a marker for papillary carcinoma in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wirtschafter, A; Schmidt, R; Rosen, D

    1997-01-01

    specific genes in patients diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease. The newly identified oncogenes RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 provide useful and specific markers of the early stages of papillary carcinoma as they are highly specific for malignant cells. Using a sensitive and specific reverse transcriptase......-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, we found messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for the RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 oncogenes in 95% of the Hashimoto's patients studied. All Hashimoto's patients presenting without histopathologic evidence of papillary thyroid cancer showed molecular genetic evidence of cancer...

  3. Figuraciones del cuerpo con género. Paralelismo y quiasmo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nayla Luz Vacarezza

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available El artículo busca establecer un diálogo contencioso en torno al trabajo de dos autores que, valiéndose de figuras retóricas, reflexionan acerca del cuerpo y la subjetividad en línea de ruptura con el pensamiento centrado en el cogito. Se revisa, por un lado, la figura del quiasmo tal como es propuesta por Judith Butler en el marco de su teoría de la performatividad del género. Y, por otro lado, la figura del paralelismo tal como es trabajada por Gilles Deleuze quien retoma los planteos que Baruch Spinoza hiciera en la temprana modernidad. Ambos autores utilizan figuras retóricas para reflexionar críticamente acerca de la relación ente la materialidad del cuerpo y la inmaterialidad de la significación y del pensamiento. Más allá de las incompatibilidades y discontinuidades que un diálogo como el que se propone pudiera plantear, se retoman las figuras que utilizan los autores para reflexionar acerca del cuerpo como una forma de acercar pensamientos que comparten, en paralelo, el interés por las diferencias que hacen estremecer las identidades. Es el propósito de este trabajo procurar un posible encuentro, o quizás un pliegue, de ambos pensamientos que abra un espacio para profundizar la reflexión acerca de la experiencia corporal del género y la sexualidad.

  4. Figuraciones del cuerpo con género. Paralelismo y quiasmo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nayla Luz Vacarezza

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available El artículo busca establecer un diálogo contencioso en torno al trabajo de dos autores que, valiéndose de figuras retóricas, reflexionan acerca del cuerpo y la subjetividad en línea de ruptura con el pensamiento centrado en el cogito. Se revisa, por un lado, la figura del quiasmo tal como es propuesta por Judith Butler en el marco de su teoría de la performatividad del género. Y, por otro lado, la figura del paralelismo tal como es trabajada por Gilles Deleuze quien retoma los planteos que Baruch Spinoza hiciera en la temprana modernidad. Ambos autores utilizan figuras retóricas para reflexionar críticamente acerca de la relación ente la materialidad del cuerpo y la inmaterialidad de la significación y del pensamiento. Más allá de las incompatibilidades y discontinuidades que un diálogo como el que se propone pudiera plantear, se retoman las figuras que utilizan los autores para reflexionar acerca del cuerpo como una forma de acercar pensamientos que comparten, en paralelo, el interés por las diferencias que hacen estremecer las identidades. Es el propósito de este trabajo procurar un posible encuentro, o quizás un pliegue, de ambos pensamientos que abra un espacio para profundizar la reflexión acerca de la experiencia corporal del género y la sexualidad.

  5. Comparative evaluation of RetCam vs. gonioscopy images in congenital glaucoma

    OpenAIRE

    Azad, Raj V; Chandra, Parijat; Chandra, Anuradha; Gupta, Aparna; Gupta, Viney; Sihota, Ramanjit

    2014-01-01

    Purpose: To compare clarity, exposure and quality of anterior chamber angle visualization in congenital glaucoma patients, using RetCam and indirect gonioscopy images. Design: Cross-sectional study Participants. Congenital glaucoma patients over age of 5 years. Materials and Methods: A prospective consecutive pilot study was done in congenital glaucoma patients who were older than 5 years. Methods used are indirect gonioscopy and RetCam imaging. Clarity of the image, extent of angle visible a...

  6. Characterization and vectorization of siRNA targeting RET/PTC1 in human papillary thyroid carcinoma cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Massade L.

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available RET/PTC1 fusion oncogene is the most common genetic alteration identified to date in thyroid papillary carcinomas (PTC and represents a good target for small interfering RNA (siRNA. Our aim was: i to target the RET/PTC1 oncogene by siRNAs, ii to assess the knockdown effects on cell growth and cell cycle regulation and iii to vectorize it in order to protect it from degradation. Methods. Human cell lines expressing RET/PTC1 were transfected by siRNA RET/PTC1, inhibition of the oncogene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and by Western blot. Conjugation of siRNA RET/PTC1 to squalene was performed by coupling it to squalene. In vivo studies are performed in nude mice. Conclusion. In this short communication, we report the main published results obtained during last years.

  7. Book Review: Zarzo, E. (2016), Memoria Retórica y Experiencia Estética. Retórica, Estética y Educación. Madrid: Dykinson

    OpenAIRE

    Davide Mombelli

    2016-01-01

    Memoria retórica y experiencia estética. Retórica, Estética y Educación, recently published by Dykinson, is a fundamental body of research on rhetoric memory and aesthetic experience, two objects of study which, although having generated much literature separately, have not been considered in their reciprocity until now. The author, Esther Zarzo, who earned her Ph.D. in Philosophy, has published several investigations of both a theoretical and practical nature concerning the treatment and...

  8. Expression of hepatocyte growth factor and the proto-oncogenic receptor c-Met in canine osteosarcoma

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Fieten, H; Spee, B; Ijzer, J; Kik, M J; Penning, L C; Kirpensteijn, J

    Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the proto-oncogenic receptor c-Met are implicated in growth, invasion, and metastasis in human cancer. Little information is available on the expression and role of both gene products in canine osteosarcoma. We hypothesized that the expression of c-Met is

  9. The Establishment of a Formal Midwest Renewable Energy Tracking System (M-RETS) Organization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Maria Redmond; Chela Bordas O' Connor

    2010-06-30

    The objectives identified in requesting and utilizing this funding has been met. The goal was to establish a formal, multi-jurisdictional organization to: (1) ensure the policy objectives of the participating jurisdictions are addressed through increased tradability of the Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) from M-RETS and to eliminate the possibility that a single jurisdiction will be the sole arbiter of the operation of the system; (2) facilitate the establishment of REC standards including the attributes related to, the creation, trading, and interaction with other trading and tracking systems; and (3) have a centralized and established organization that will be responsible for the contracting and governance responsibilities of a multi-jurisdictional tracking system. The M-RETS Inc. Board ensures that the system remains policy neutral; that the attributes of generation are tracked in a way that allows the system users to easily identify and trade relevant RECs; that the system can add jurisdictions as needed or desired; and that the tracking system operate in such a way to allow for the greatest access possible for those participating in other tracking or trading systems by allowing those systems to negotiate with a single M-RETS entity for the import and export of RECs. M-RETS as an organizational body participates and often leads the discussions related to the standardization of RECs and increasing the tradability of M-RETS RECs. M-RETS is a founding member of the Environmental Trading Network of North America (ETNNA) and continues to take a leadership role in the development of processes to facilitate trading among tracking systems and to standardize REC definitions. The Board of Directors of M-RETS, Inc., the non-profit corporation, continues to hold telephone/internet Board meetings. Legal counsel continues working with the board and APX management on a new agreement with APX. The board expects to have an agreement and corresponding fee structure in place by

  10. Direct association between the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and the Src homology 2-containing adapter protein Grb7.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pandey, A; Liu, X; Dixon, J E; Di Fiore, P P; Dixit, V M

    1996-05-03

    Adapter proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) domains link transmembrane receptor protein-tyrosine kinases to downstream signal transducing molecules. A family of SH2 containing adapter proteins including Grb7 and Grb10 has been recently identified. We had previously shown that Grb10 associates with Ret via its SH2 domain in an activation-dependent manner (Pandey, A., Duan, H., Di Fiore, P.P., and Dixit, V.M. (1995) J. Biol, Chem. 270, 21461-21463). We now demonstrate that the related adapter molecule Grb7 also associates with Ret in vitro and in vivo, and that the binding of the SH2 domain of Grb7 to Ret is direct. This binding is dependent upon Ret autophosphorylation since Grb7 is incapable of binding a kinase-defective mutant of Ret. Thus two members of the Grb family, Grb7 and Grb10, likely relay signals emanating from Ret to other, as yet, unidentified targets within the cell.

  11. Effektivitet af naturligt drevne radontiltag året rundt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Haker Høegh, Britt; Rasmussen, Torben Valdbjørn

    Denne rapport omhandler projektet Effektivitet af naturligt drevne radontiltag året rundt. Projektet er et spireprojekt finansieret af Innovationsnetværket InnoBYG og Forsknings- og Innovationsstyrelsen. Projektet er gennemført af Teknologisk Institut i samarbejde med Statens Byggeforskningsinsti...

  12. O cultivo retórico da escuta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Cardoso Filho

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo discute o modo como, na cultura contemporânea, hábitos perceptivos podem ser cultivados de forma relacionada ao ambiente sociocultural e técnico, especificamente no campo da escuta musical. Delimita seu foco de investigação nas estratégias empregadas a fim de persuadir a escuta de algoe de determinado modo, demonstrando preocupação com a dimensão retórica atuante no campo da percepção musical. Aponta a necessidade de entendimento dos mecanismos pelos quais a escuta é formatada na relação com os gêneros musicais, com as estratégias de midiatização e com os padrões de sensibilidade. Por fim, toma as estratégias empregadas no processo produtivo de dois álbuns do gênero musical Rock como exemplos de atuação dessa retórica: o álbum The Joshua Tree (1987, da banda irlandesa U2, e Nevermind (1991, da banda estadunidense Nirvana.

  13. Recursos pragmático-retóricos de las narrativas de queja para la construcción social de la identidad de mujeres desplazadas por la violencia política en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yudi Herrera Núñez

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Las mujeres desplazadas por la violencia política en Colombia, no solo se enfrentan a este flagelo sino que además son expuestas a condiciones de precariedad y al estigma por las comunidades de ‘acogida’. Esta investigación pretendeidentificar los correlatos retórico-pragmáticos de los procesos narrativos de construcciónidentitaria, y del enfoque de posicionamiento interaccional de Bamberg (1997 en el contexto de la entrevista de investigación. La muestra está conformada por 17 entrevistas semi-estructuradas conformadas como relatos de experiencias personales vividas a luego del proceso de desplazamiento forzado. Los principales resultados, extraídos de nuestro estudio, destacan el uso de ‘narrativas de queja’ (Günthner (2007 como uno de los recursos preferidos que las narradoras emplean para construir su identidad. En estos relatos, el amplio despliegue de recursos narrativos, pragmáticos, retóricos y evaluativos pareciesen estar en función del objetivo interaccional de producir el alineamiento del interlocutor. En las narrativas de queja los recursosmás frecuentes son el discurso directo, el uso de presente histórico y diversos recursos evaluativos. Las narrativas se constituyen en los principales territorios donde los co-conversadores buscan y encuentran formas para mitigar el ‘problema interactivo’ y conforman una imagen de sí mismos de formas que sean interactivamente útiles.

  14. Aberrant status and clinicopathologic characteristic associations of 11 target genes in 1,321 Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Mengnan; Zhan, Cheng; Li, Ming; Yang, Xiaodong; Yang, Xinyu; Zhang, Yong; Lin, Miao; Xia, Yifeng; Feng, Mingxiang; Wang, Qun

    2018-01-01

    The aberrant status of target genes and their associations with clinicopathologic characteristics are still unclear in primary lung adenocarcinoma. The common mutations and translocations of nine target genes were evaluated in 1,247 specimens of surgically-resected primary lung adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expressions of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 731 specimens. The frequency of the aberrations and their associations with clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. Overall, 952 (76.3%) of 1,247 patients harbored at least one target mutation or translocation: epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) (729, 58.5%), v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( KRAS ) (83, 6.7%), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2 ) (82, 6.6%), anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK) (23, 1.8%), phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide ( PIK3CA ) (20, 1.6%), Ret proto-oncogene RET (15, 1.2%), ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase ( ROS1 ) (12, 1.0%), B-raf proto-oncogene ( BRAF ) (9, 0.7%), neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog ( NRAS ) (3, 0.2%). Fourteen (1.9%) of 731 patients were PD-1 positive and 95 (13.0%) were PD-L1 positive in tumor cells. In men and smokers, there were more frequent KRAS mutations (both Ppatients, while HER2 (Ppatients with EGFR mutations (all Ppatients with primary lung adenocarcinoma harbored target gene aberrations. The frequency of each alteration differed in patients depending on clinicopathologic characteristics.

  15. Ny EU-dom om afgifter på motorkøretøjer - en bombe under de nationale registreringsafgifter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thygesen, Jette

    2013-01-01

    Gennem tiden har EU-Domstolen, i en mængde sager, taget stilling til medlemsstaternes ret til at opkræve afgift af motorkøretøjer. EU-Domstolen har således taget stilling til, om afgift på motorkøretøjer er forenelig med EU-retten i forbindelse med arbejdskraftens frie bevægelighed, etableringsre...

  16. A retrospective analysis of RET translocation, gene copy number gain and expression in NSCLC patients treated with vandetanib in four randomized Phase III studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Platt, Adam; Morten, John; Ji, Qunsheng; Elvin, Paul; Womack, Chris; Su, Xinying; Donald, Emma; Gray, Neil; Read, Jessica; Bigley, Graham; Blockley, Laura; Cresswell, Carl; Dale, Angela; Davies, Amanda; Zhang, Tianwei; Fan, Shuqiong; Fu, Haihua; Gladwin, Amanda; Harrod, Grace; Stevens, James; Williams, Victoria; Ye, Qingqing; Zheng, Li; de Boer, Richard; Herbst, Roy S; Lee, Jin-Soo; Vasselli, James

    2015-03-23

    To determine the prevalence of RET rearrangement genes, RET copy number gains and expression in tumor samples from four Phase III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) trials of vandetanib, a selective inhibitor of VEGFR, RET and EGFR signaling, and to determine any association with outcome to vandetanib treatment. Archival tumor samples from the ZODIAC ( NCT00312377 , vandetanib ± docetaxel), ZEAL ( NCT00418886 , vandetanib ± pemetrexed), ZEPHYR ( NCT00404924 , vandetanib vs placebo) and ZEST ( NCT00364351 , vandetanib vs erlotinib) studies were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 944 and 1102 patients. The prevalence of RET rearrangements by FISH was 0.7% (95% CI 0.3-1.5%) among patients with a known result. Seven tumor samples were positive for RET rearrangements (vandetanib, n = 3; comparator, n = 4). 2.8% (n = 26) of samples had RET amplification (innumerable RET clusters, or ≥7 copies in > 10% of tumor cells), 8.1% (n = 76) had low RET gene copy number gain (4-6 copies in ≥40% of tumor cells) and 8.3% (n = 92) were RET expression positive (signal intensity ++ or +++ in >10% of tumor cells). Of RET-rearrangement-positive patients, none had an objective response in the vandetanib arm and one patient responded in the comparator arm. Radiologic evidence of tumor shrinkage was observed in two patients treated with vandetanib and one treated with comparator drug. The objective response rate was similar in the vandetanib and comparator arms for patients positive for RET copy number gains or RET protein expression. We have identified prevalence for three RET biomarkers in a population predominated by non-Asians and smokers. RET rearrangement prevalence was lower than previously reported. We found no evidence of a differential benefit for efficacy by IHC and RET gene copy number gains. The low prevalence of RET rearrangements (0.7%) prevents firm conclusions regarding association of vandetanib treatment with

  17. A cross-talk between TrkB and Ret tyrosine kinases receptors mediates neuroblastoma cells differentiation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Lucia Esposito

    Full Text Available Understanding the interplay between intracellular signals initiated by multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs to give the final cell phenotype is a major pharmacological challenge. Retinoic acid (RA-treatment of neuroblastoma (NB cells implicates activation of Ret and TrkB RTKs as critical step to induce cell differentiation. By studying the signaling interplay between TrkB and Ret as paradigmatic example, here we demonstrate the existence of a cross-talk mechanism between the two unrelated receptors that is needed to induce the cell differentiation. Indeed, we show that TrkB receptor promotes Ret phosphorylation by a mechanism that does not require GDNF. This reveals to be a key mechanism, since blocking either TrkB or Ret by small interfering RNA causes a failure in NB biochemical and morphological differentiation. Our results provide the first evidence that a functional transactivation between distinct tyrosine kinases receptors is required for an important physiological process.

  18. Análisis crítico del discurso de la identidad de los colombianos en National Geographic Magazine (1903-1926

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Pérez-Marín

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza los encuadres mediáticos desde los cuales la National Geographic Magazine —NGM— (1903-1926 contribuyó a la construcción de la identidad de los colombianos a comienzos del siglo XX. El argumento central del artículo es que los encuadres mediáticos encontrados están soportados por las ideologías del Destino manifiesto y del positivismo. A través de la estrategia retórica de la apropiación, los encuadres encontrados promueven dos valores asociados al Destino manifiesto: la virtud de las instituciones de Estados Unidos y la misión de transformar el mundo de acuerdo con los valores profesados por este país. En relación con la ideología del positivismo, los encuadres mediáticos la reproducen a través de la estrategia retórica de la clasificación, ya que los reportajes observan la identidad de los colombianos a través del lente de la teoría científica del darwinismo.

  19. Combined treatment of retting flax wastewater using Fenton oxidation and granular activated carbon

    OpenAIRE

    Abou-Elela, Sohair I.; Ali, Mohammed Eid M.; Ibrahim, Hanan S.

    2016-01-01

    The process of retting flax produces a huge amount of wastewater which is characterized with bad unpleasant smell and high concentration of organic materials. Treatment of such waste had always been difficult because of the presence of refractory organic pollutants such as lignin. In this study, treatment of retting wastewater was carried out using combined system of Fenton oxidation process followed by adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC). The effects of operating condition on Fento...

  20. Análisis retórico-pragmático de la publicidad de cosméticos y productos de belleza en revistas femeninas

    OpenAIRE

    Jesús Alonso, Beatriz de

    2015-01-01

    Se trata de un análisis retórico-pragmático de gráficas publicitarias en revistas de moda conocidas como Vogue, Elle, Cosmopolitan, Telva y Glamour. Además, se hace un estudio de estereotipos y prototipos de la mujer en la actual sociedad y recoge una bibliografía relevante en torno a la materia. En el análisis se reflejan dos partes: una teórica y otra de imagen que explican los conceptos más relevantes del trabajo. Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas

  1. Neoplasias endocrinas múltiples. desde el laboratorio al paciente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. G. Nelson Wohllk

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Las neoplasias endocrinas múltiples (NEM tipo 1 y 2 son enfermedades genéticas heredadas en forma autosómica dominante. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas en NEM1 incluyen tumores paratiroideos, hipofisiarios y gastroenteropancreáticos. El test genético se puede realizar en los pacientes y potenciales portadores de mutaciones en el gen menin, pero la correlación genotipo-fenotipo es menos directa en comparación a NEM2. En la NEM2 el cáncer medular de tíroides (CMT es común a los tres subtipos: NEM2A (feocromocitoma e hiperparatiroidismo, NEM2B (feocromocitoma y neuromas mucosos y CMT familiar. A aquellos pacientes con mutación RET se les debe recomendar la realización de tiroidectomía profiláctica en la niñez, de acuerdo a la categoría de riesgo ATA. Algunos casos de CMT aparentemente esporádicos son actualmente NEM2 después de la realización del estudio genético para proto-oncogen RET, por lo tanto se recomienda la aplicación rutinaria de este estudio a todos los pacientes con CMT aparentemente esporádico.

  2. Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) implementation, Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Serrano, W.; Akers, D.W.

    1985-06-01

    A review of the Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for the Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant was performed. The principal review guidelines used were NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants,'' and Draft 7'' of NUREG-0472, Revision 3, ''Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Pressurized Water Reactors.'' Draft submittals were discussed with the Licensee by the NRC staff until all items requiring changes to the Technical Specifications were resolved. The Licensee then submitted final proposed RETS to the NRC which were evaluated and found to be in compliance with the NRC review guidelines. The proposed Offsite Dose Calculation Manual and the Radiological Environmental Monitoring Manual were reviewed and generally found to be in compliance with the NRC review guidelines

  3. Expression of proto-oncogenes in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by in situ hybridization with biotinylated DNA probes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hamatani, Kiyohiro; Yoshida, Kuniko; Abe, Masumi; Shimaoka, Katsutaro; Shiku, Hiroshi; Akiyama, Mitoshi; Kondo, Hisayoshi.

    1989-11-01

    Expression of six proto-oncogenes (fos, myc, myb, Ki-ras, Ha-ras, and N-ras) in 43 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was analyzed by means of in situ hybridization. Biotinylated DNA probes of the six oncogenes and those of the immunoglobulin H-chain (IgH) gene and the T cell receptor β-chain (TCRβ) gene were used. The results of in situ hybridization performed under blind conditions by IgH and TCRβ gene probes were compatible with those of typing by cell surface markers. The nuclear protein-related proto-oncogenes, fos myc, and myb, were expressed in about 70 % - 80 % of all cases regardless of phenotypes, histology or histologic grade. On the contrary, genes of the ras family were expressed in fewer cases except for the Ki-ras gene which was more frequently expressed by cases of the T cell immunophenotype with a high malignancy grade. The results of dot hybridization with RNA extracted from some cases were compatible with those of in situ hybridization, further demonstrating the specificity of in situ hybridization. (author)

  4. Loss of p53 promotes anaplasia and local invasion in ret/PTC1-induced thyroid carcinomas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    La Perle, K M; Jhiang, S M; Capen, C C

    2000-08-01

    Papillary thyroid carcinomas in humans are associated with the ret/PTC oncogene and, following loss of p53 function, may progress to anaplastic carcinomas. Mice with thyroid-targeted expression of ret/PTC1 developed papillary thyroid carcinomas that were minimally invasive and did not metastasize. These mice were crossed with p53-/- mice to investigate whether loss of p53 would promote anaplasia and metastasis of ret/PTC1-induced thyroid tumors. The majority of p53-/- mice died or were euthanized by 17 weeks of age due to the development of thymic lymphomas, soft tissue sarcomas, and testicular teratomas. All ret/PTC1 mice developed thyroid carcinomas, but tumors in p53-/- mice were more anaplastic, larger in diameter, more invasive, and had a higher mitotic index than tumors in p53+/+ and p53+/- mice. Thyroid tumors did not metastasize in any of the experimental p53+/+ and p53+/- mice anaplasia and invasiveness of thyroid carcinomas.

  5. Argumentos retóricos sobre Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo en Colombia. Análisis jurisprudencial desde la teoría de la argumentación jurídica de Perelman

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karolina Naranjo Velasco

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN El presente trabajo aborda los conceptos planteados por Chaïm Perelman en su teoría de la argumentación, con el fin de lograr una comprensión del razonamiento en las decisiones judiciales tomadas por la Corte Constitucional de Colombia, en relación a tres casos sobre interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE. En primer lugar, se aborda la teoría de la  “Nueva Retórica” de Chaïm Perelman, y en especial su aplicación en el campo del Derecho. A continuación se hace un breve repaso de las premisas de la argumentación y las técnicas argumentativas manteniendo un enfoque de carácter jurídico. Para finalizar, se analiza la motivación de las sentencias de la Corte Constitucional colombiana en materia de IVE, aplicando la descripción e interpretación propuestas por Perelman.   ABSTRACT This paper uses the concepts developed by Chaïm Perelman in his theory of argumentation, in order to understand the argument of the Constitutional Court of Colombia on three cases of voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP. First, it addresses the theory of “New Rhetoric” of Chaïm Perelman, and especially its application in law. Secondly, there is a brief approach to the premises and techniques of argument within a legal approach. Finally, we analyze the argumentation of the sentences of the Colombian Constitutional Court on VIP, using the description and interpretation proposed by Perelman

  6. Didáctica de la Literatura Comparada: Las figuras retóricas en la literatura y en otras semióticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Enrique Peláez Malagón

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Dentro del campo de la teoría literaria nos encontramos con las llamadas figuras retóricas, elemento imprescindible a la hora de abordar cualquier comentario de texto que quiera centrarse en lo estrictamente literario. Una forma de abordar este problema es utilizar la literatura comparada, esto es, buscar en la pintura, la música, el cine o la publicidad, referentes de los mismos recursos estilísticos que ayuden a comprender mejor y a asimilar toda una serie de conceptos, muchas de las veces un tanto oscuros para un alumno cuya lengua materna no es el español.

  7. Chromosomal Rearrangements in Post-Chernobyl Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas: Evaluation by Spectral Karyotyping and Automated Interphase FISH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ludwig Hieber

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Structural genomic rearrangements are frequent findings in human cancers. Therefore, papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs were investigated for chromosomal aberrations and rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene. For this purpose, primary cultures from 23 PTC have been established and metaphase preparations were analysed by spectral karyotyping (SKY. In addition, interphase cell preparations of the same cases were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH for the presence of RET/PTC rearrangements using RET-specific DNA probes. SKY analysis of PTC revealed structural aberrations of chromosome 11 and several numerical aberrations with frequent loss of chromosomes 20, 21, and 22. FISH analysis for RET/PTC rearrangements showed prevalence of this rearrangement in 72% (16 out of 22 of cases. However, only subpopulations of tumour cells exhibited this rearrangement indicating genetic heterogeneity. The comparison of visual and automated scoring of FISH signals revealed concordant results in 19 out of 22 cases (87% indicating reliable scoring results using the optimised scoring parameter for RET/PTC with the automated Metafer4 system. It can be concluded from this study that genomic rearrangements are frequent in PTC and therefore important events in thyroid carcinogenesis.

  8. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant for 1983

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Magleby, E.H.; Young, T.E.

    1985-01-01

    A review of the reports required by Federal regulations and the plant-specific Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for operations conducted at the Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant during 1983 was performed. The periodic reports reviewed were the two Semiannual Effluent Release Reports for 1983 and the annual Kewaunee Environmental Radioactivity Survey. The principal review guidelines were the plant's specific RETS and NRC guidance given in NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants.'' The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines

  9. Zebrafish GDNF and its co-receptor GFRα1 activate the human RET receptor and promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons in vitro.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tuulia Saarenpää

    Full Text Available Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF is a ligand that activates, through co-receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1 and receptor tyrosine kinase "RET", several signaling pathways crucial in the development and sustainment of multiple neuronal populations. We decided to study whether non-mammalian orthologs of these three proteins have conserved their function: can they activate the human counterparts? Using the baculovirus expression system, we expressed and purified Danio rerio RET, and its binding partners GFRα1 and GDNF, and Drosophila melanogaster RET and two isoforms of co-receptor GDNF receptor-like. Our results report high-level insect cell expression of post-translationally modified and dimerized zebrafish RET and its binding partners. We also found that zebrafish GFRα1 and GDNF are comparably active as mammalian cell-produced ones. We also report the first measurements of the affinity of the complex to RET in solution: at least for zebrafish, the Kd for GFRα1-GDNF binding RET is 5.9 μM. Surprisingly, we also found that zebrafish GDNF as well as zebrafish GFRα1 robustly activated human RET signaling and promoted the survival of cultured mouse dopaminergic neurons with comparable efficiency to mammalian GDNF, unlike E. coli-produced human proteins. These results contradict previous studies suggesting that mammalian GFRα1 and GDNF cannot bind and activate non-mammalian RET and vice versa.

  10. Somatic RET mutation in a patient with pigmented adrenal pheochromocytoma

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Maison, Nicole; Korpershoek, Esther; Eisenhofer, Graeme; Robledo, Mercedes; de Krijger, Ronald; Beuschlein, Felix

    UNLABELLED: Pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of the neural crest. Mutations in the RET-proto-oncogene are associated with sporadic pheochromocytoma, familial or sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and multiple

  11. Characteristics of the mouse genomic histamine H1 receptor gene

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Inoue, Isao; Taniuchi, Ichiro; Kitamura, Daisuke [Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka (Japan)] [and others

    1996-08-15

    We report here the molecular cloning of a mouse histamine H1 receptor gene. The protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence is composed of 488 amino acid residues with characteristic properties of GTP binding protein-coupled receptors. Our results suggest that the mouse histamine H1 receptor gene is a single locus, and no related sequences were detected. Interspecific backcross analysis indicated that the mouse histamine H1 receptor gene (Hrh1) is located in the central region of mouse Chromosome 6 linked to microphthalmia (Mitfmi), ras-related fibrosarcoma oncogene 1 (Raf1), and ret proto-oncogene (Ret) in a region of homology with human chromosome 3p. 12 refs., 3 figs.

  12. [Dose-Response Dependences for Frequency of RET/PTC Gene Rearrangements in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma after Irradiation. Simple Pooling Analysis of Molecular Epidemiological Data].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koterov, A N; Ushenkova, L N; Biryukov, A P

    2016-01-01

    On the basis of all possible publications on the theme included in the previously formed base of sources on molecular epidemiology of RET/PTC rearrangements in thyroid papillary carcinoma a pooled analysis ("simple pooling data") on determination of the dose-effect dependences for RET/PTC frequency in radiogenic carcinomas of various irradiated groups was performed. (They are groups subjected to radiotherapeutic exposure, residents near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP) and victims of nuclear bombing). The tendency to Pearson linear correlation (r = 0.746; p = 0.148) between the frequency of RET/PTC and the estimated dose on thyroid in the regions affected by the CNPP accident was revealed. But this tendency was recognized to be random owing to abnormally low values of the indicator for the most contaminated Gomel region. The method tentatively called "case-control" showed reliable differences in thyroid dose values for carcinomas with RET/PTC and without those. The versatility of changes was found: the lack of RET/PTC for radiotherapeutic impacts was associated with higher doses, whereas in case of the CNPP accident and for nuclear bombing victims it was the opposite. Probably, in the first case the "cellular cleaning" phenomenon after exposure to very high doses took place. Search of direct Pearson correlations between average/median thyroid doses on groups and RET/PTC frequency in carcinomas of these groups showed a high reliability for the dose-effect dependences- at the continuous dose scale (for RET/PTC in total and RET/PTC1 respectively: r = 0.830; p = 0.002 and r = 0.906; p = 0.0003); while there was no significant correlation received for RET/PTC3. When using the weighting least square regression analysis (proceeding from the number of carcinomas in samples), the specified regularities remained. Attempts to influence the strength of correlation by exception ofthe data of all the samples connected with the accident on the CNPP did not significantly

  13. Spatial Positioning of RET and H4 Following Radiation Exposure Leads to Tumor Development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuri E. Nikiforov

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Exposure to ionizing radiation is a well-known risk factor for a number of human cancers, including leukemia, thyroid cancer, soft tissue sarcomas, and many others. Although it has been known for a long time that radiation exposure to the cell results in extensive DNA damage, including double strand DNA breaks, the exact mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis remain unknown. Recently, a large increase in incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in children exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl nuclear accident [1]. A high prevalence of chromosomal rearrangements involving the RET gene was found among these radiation-induced thyroid tumors [2,3]. As a result of such rearrangement, a portion of the RET gene is fused with another gene, typically with the H4 or ELE1. However, since the DNA targets of ionizing radiation are randomly distributed throughout the cell nucleus, the reason for predilection for the RET rearrangements in thyroid cells was unclear.

  14. La red de técnicos en salud (rets: logros y desafíos The network of health technicians (rets: achievements and challenges

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alcira Castillo Martínez

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta una experiencia de cooperación en red de instituciones de formación de técnicos en salud y la facilitación de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS, incluyendo el contexto de cambio y las nuevas políticas de recursos humanos con sus implicaciones en el mundo del trabajo y la educación. Constituye una síntesis integradora de los procesos socio-afectivos y técnicos que le dan fuerza y dinámica a la Red de Técnicos en Salud (Rets. Se considera su creación, objetivos, estructura y organización, así como la gestión de la OPS y de los actores institucionales denominados Núcleos de Desarrollo (Nudes con sus proyectos dinamizadores. Por último, se señalan las valoraciones y avances de lo realizado por los actores de los distintos países de América Latina y el Caribe Hispano. Se destaca la utilización de novedosos mecanismos de gestión en la cooperación técnica al reflexionar sobre los factores que influyen en la sostenibilidad y el éxito de experiencias en red con potencial movilizador y articulador para la cooperación horizontal en un mundo globalizado.This article relates an experience of cooperation through a network of institutions oriented to the training of health technicians, under the guidance of the Pan-American Health Organization (OPS. It also deals with present changes in the field and with the new human resources policies, with their respective implications in the world of work and of education. The experience may be regarded as an attempt to integrate the social-affective and technical processes that give strength and dynamism to the Network of Health Technicians (Rets. We examine its creation, objectives, structure and organization, as well as the OPS' management and the role of the institutional actors called Development Nuclei (Nudes and their stimulating projects. Finally, we point to the advantages and progressive characteristics of the work done by professionals in the various Latin

  15. Når politik og journalistik, ret og krig blandes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Harste, Gorm

    2007-01-01

    Artiklen analyserer den manglende politiske dømmekraft som er opstået i debatten om Christoffer Guldbrandsens tv'dokumentar 'Den hemmelige krig'. Den offentlige og politiske debat herom er en erstatningsdebat for den kommisionsdomstol, der burde nedsættes om de løgne, der har været fremsat 2002 -...

  16. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for the La Crosse boiling water reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Magleby, E.H.; Young, T.E.

    1985-01-01

    A review of the reports required by federal regulations and the plant-specific Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for operations conducted during 1983 was performed. The periodic reports reviewed were the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 1983 and the Semiannual Radioactive Effluent Release Reports for 1983. The principal review guidelines were the plant-specific RETS, NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants'', and NRC Guidance on the Review of the Process Control Programs. The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines. 5 refs

  17. Retórica do consumo: o discurso em ação persuasiva

    OpenAIRE

    Pinheiro, Noslen Nascimento

    2016-01-01

    Diante das inúmeras possibilidades de estudo que o discurso publicitário proporciona, propomos, neste trabalho, uma análise retórica dos títulos de anúncios veiculados em revistas impressas de 1808 a 2015, no Brasil. Em alguns casos, a análise se estende aos textos adicionais para elucidar as intenções argumentativas do orador. Nossa proposta baseia-se essencialmente em uma fundamentação teórica sobre a retórica, exposta no capítulo 1, as quais são baseadas nas teorias de Aristóteles (1985...

  18. Ethos, pathos y logos en Facebook. El usuario de redes: nuevo «rétor» del siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Salvador Victoria Mas

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Uno de los «agujeros negros» de la investigación en comunicación tiene que ver con una carencia de profundización en los orígenes clásicos de nuestros estudios, de sus objetos y de los acercamientos a estos. En este sentido, cobraría especial relevancia el estudio de los procesos comunicativos en Internet (en concreto a través de las redes sociales bajo el prisma de la Retórica clásica. Especialmente, nos referimos al uso de las estrategias de persuasión (ethos, pathos, logos así como al abundante uso de figuras retóricas. Tales parámetros unidos a los recursos que ofertan las tecnologías emergentes otorgan una enorme creatividad y aportan aspectos humanistas a la comunicación en red, claves de la fuerza persuasiva que caracteriza a estas plataformas online. De esta forma podemos hablar del usuario de redes como el nuevo «rétor» del siglo XXI. Nuestra investigación sobre Facebook aborda la presencia de la ciencia retórica en la comunicación generada en las redes sociales online: el usuario de estas plataformas utiliza las estrategias comunicativas descritas por la disciplina retórica desde sus comienzos en la antigüedad grecolatina. La metodología empleada (el estudio de tres casos tipificados y el análisis de contenidos de las conversaciones generadas en los muros de Facebook nos permite entrelazar la Retórica y nuestro presente comunicativo mediado por la emergencia de las redes. Proponemos así recuperar unos parámetros que devuelvan el pensamiento profundo y crítico en favor de una comunicación más humana.

  19. ¿Obedecer las leyes?: utilitarismo, retórica forense y autoridad en el Critón de Platón (50a6-50b5

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Esteban Magoja

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available En el Critón de Platón se instala un interesante argumento utilitarista para justificar la obligación política de los ciudadanos. El argumento sostiene que la violación de las leyes lleva a la destrucción de cualquier sistema jurídico y acarrea resultados perjudiciales para los miembros de la comunidad (50a6-50c. En este trabajo realizaremos un análisis crítico del argumento bajo los postulados de tres corrientes utilitaristas: el utilitarismo de acto, la generalización utilitarista y el utilitarismo de regla. Veremos cómo esta clase de argumentación presenta algunos inconvenientes a la hora de justificar la obediencia al derecho. Una vez realizado este estudio se propondrá otra interpretación complementaria sobre el significado del pasaje, en la que se destacará su costado retórico forense y la idea de la autoridad del derecho.

  20. Key Roles for MYC, KIT and RET signaling in secondary angiosarcomas

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Styring, E; Seinen, J; Dominguez-Valentin, M

    2014-01-01

    of the gene signature to an external data set. RESULTS: In total, 103 genes were significantly deregulated between primary and secondary angiosarcomas. Secondary angiosarcomas showed upregulation of MYC, KIT and RET and downregulation of CDKN2C. Functional annotation analysis identified multiple target genes...... in the receptor protein tyrosine kinase pathway. The results were validated using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Further, the gene signature was applied to an external data set and, herein, distinguished primary from secondary angiosarcomas. CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of MYC, KIT and RET and downregulation......BACKGROUND: Angiosarcomas may develop as primary tumours of unknown cause or as secondary tumours, most commonly following radiotherapy to the involved field. The different causative agents may be linked to alternate tumorigenesis, which led us to investigate the genetic profiles of morphologically...

  1. Forårets konflikter godt for den danske model

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Scheuer, Steen

    2008-01-01

    Den store vinder ved forårets konflikter var den danske model for aftaler på arbejdsmarkedet. De offentlige fagforeninger fik sig en lærestreg, da regeringen og Folketinget til de flestes overraskelse lod de lovlige konflikter løbe i ugevis. For hermed tvang man parterne, og især forbundene, til...

  2. Identification of selective inhibitors of RET and comparison with current clinical candidates through development and validation of a robust screening cascade [version 1; referees: 2 approved

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amanda J. Watson

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available RET (REarranged during Transfection is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which plays pivotal roles in regulating cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, migration and chemotaxis. Activation of RET is a mechanism of oncogenesis in medullary thyroid carcinomas where both germline and sporadic activating somatic mutations are prevalent.   At present, there are no known specific RET inhibitors in clinical development, although many potent inhibitors of RET have been opportunistically identified through selectivity profiling of compounds initially designed to target other tyrosine kinases. Vandetanib and cabozantinib, both multi-kinase inhibitors with RET activity, are approved for use in medullary thyroid carcinoma, but additional pharmacological activities, most notably inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGFR2 (KDR, lead to dose-limiting toxicity. The recent identification of RET fusions present in ~1% of lung adenocarcinoma patients has renewed interest in the identification and development of more selective RET inhibitors lacking the toxicities associated with the current treatments.   In an earlier publication [Newton et al, 2016; 1] we reported the discovery of a series of 2-substituted phenol quinazolines as potent and selective RET kinase inhibitors. Here we describe the development of the robust screening cascade which allowed the identification and advancement of this chemical series.  Furthermore we have profiled a panel of RET-active clinical compounds both to validate the cascade and to confirm that none display a RET-selective target profile.

  3. Targeting surface nucleolin with a multivalent pseudopeptide delays development of spontaneous melanoma in RET transgenic mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El Khoury, Diala; Courty, José; Hovanessian, Ara G; Prévost-Blondel, Armelle; Destouches, Damien; Lengagne, Renée; Krust, Bernard; Hamma-Kourbali, Yamina; Garcette, Marylène; Niro, Sandra; Kato, Masashi; Briand, Jean-Paul

    2010-01-01

    The importance of cell-surface nucleolin in cancer biology was recently highlighted by studies showing that ligands of nucleolin play critical role in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. By using a specific antagonist that binds the C-terminal tail of nucleolin, the HB-19 pseudopeptide, we recently reported that HB-19 treatment markedly suppressed the progression of established human breast tumor cell xenografts in the athymic nude mice without apparent toxicity. The in vivo antitumoral action of HB-19 treatment was assessed on the spontaneous development of melanoma in the RET transgenic mouse model. Ten days old RET mice were treated with HB-19 in a prophylactic setting that extended 300 days. In parallel, the molecular basis for the action of HB-19 was investigated on a melanoma cell line (called TIII) derived from a cutaneous nodule of a RET mouse. HB-19 treatment of RET mice caused a significant delay in the onset of cutaneous tumors, several-months delay in the incidence of large tumors, a lower frequency of cutaneous nodules, and a reduction of visceral metastatic nodules while displaying no toxicity to normal tissue. Moreover, microvessel density was significantly reduced in tumors recovered from HB-19 treated mice compared to corresponding controls. Studies on the melanoma-derived tumor cells demonstrated that HB-19 treatment of TIII cells could restore contact inhibition, impair anchorage-independent growth, and reduce their tumorigenic potential in mice. Moreover, HB-19 treatment caused selective down regulation of transcripts coding matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the TIII cells and in melanoma tumors of RET mice. Although HB-19 treatment failed to prevent the development of spontaneous melanoma in the RET mice, it delayed for several months the onset and frequency of cutaneous tumors, and exerted a significant inhibitory effect on visceral metastasis. Consequently, HB-19 could provide a novel therapeutic agent by itself or

  4. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for Turkey Point Units No. 3 and 4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Magleby, E.H.; Young, T.E.; Henscheid, J.W.

    1985-01-01

    A review of the reports required by Federal regulations and the plant specific Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for operations conducted during 1983 was performed. The periodic reports reviewed were the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 1983 and Semiannual Radioactive Effluent Release Reports for 1983. The principal review guidelines were the plant's specific RETS, NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants'', and NRC Guidance on the Review of the Process Control Programs. The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines

  5. Somatotropinomas, but not nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, maintain a functional apoptotic RET/Pit1/ARF/p53 pathway that is blocked by excess GDNF.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther; Garcia-Rendueles, Angela R; Ibáñez-Costa, Alejandro; Gutierrez-Pascual, Ester; Garcia-Lavandeira, Montserrat; Leal, Alfonso; Japon, Miguel A; Soto, Alfonso; Venegas, Eva; Tinahones, Francisco J; Garcia-Arnes, Juan A; Benito, Pedro; Angeles Galvez, Maria; Jimenez-Reina, Luis; Bernabeu, Ignacio; Dieguez, Carlos; Luque, Raul M; Castaño, Justo P; Alvarez, Clara V

    2014-11-01

    Acromegaly is caused by somatotroph cell adenomas (somatotropinomas [ACROs]), which secrete GH. Human and rodent somatotroph cells express the RET receptor. In rodents, when normal somatotrophs are deprived of the RET ligand, GDNF (Glial Cell Derived Neurotrophic Factor), RET is processed intracellularly to induce overexpression of Pit1 [Transcription factor (gene : POUF1) essential for transcription of Pituitary hormones GH, PRL and TSHb], which in turn leads to p19Arf/p53-dependent apoptosis. Our purpose was to ascertain whether human ACROs maintain the RET/Pit1/p14ARF/p53/apoptosis pathway, relative to nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Apoptosis in the absence and presence of GDNF was studied in primary cultures of 8 ACROs and 3 NFPAs. Parallel protein extracts were analyzed for expression of RET, Pit1, p19Arf, p53, and phospho-Akt. When GDNF deprived, ACRO cells, but not NFPAs, presented marked level of apoptosis that was prevented in the presence of GDNF. Apoptosis was accompanied by RET processing, Pit1 accumulation, and p14ARF and p53 induction. GDNF prevented all these effects via activation of phospho-AKT. Overexpression of human Pit1 (hPit1) directly induced p19Arf/p53 and apoptosis in a pituitary cell line. Using in silico studies, 2 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (cEBPα) consensus-binding sites were found to be 100% conserved in mouse, rat, and hPit1 promoters. Deletion of 1 cEBPα site prevented the RET-induced increase in hPit1 promoter expression. TaqMan qRT-PCR (real time RT-PCR) for RET, Pit1, Arf, TP53, GDNF, steroidogenic factor 1, and GH was performed in RNA from whole ACRO and NFPA tumors. ACRO but not NFPA adenomas express RET and Pit1. GDNF expression in the tumors was positively correlated with RET and negatively correlated with p53. In conclusion, ACROs maintain an active RET/Pit1/p14Arf/p53/apoptosis pathway that is inhibited by GDNF. Disruption of GDNF's survival function might constitute a new therapeutic route in

  6. Mitos no Desengajamento Moral: Retóricas da Samarco em um Crime Corporativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cintia Rodrigues de Oliveira Medeiros

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Nesta pesquisa, conduzimos uma análise retórica com o objetivo de explorar os mecanismos de desengajamento moral utilizados pela Samarco no caso do crime ocorrido com a quebra de uma barragem sob sua administração, em novembro de 2015, em Minas Gerais. O corpus de pesquisa submetido à análise retórica constitui-se de publicações contendo declarações da empresa e de seus representantes sobre o caso em questão. Como resultados, mostramos que a Samarco utiliza-se de três mitos na sua retórica: (a Nós estamos fazendo o que deve ser feito; (b Nós não colocamos a sociedade e o meio ambiente em risco; e (c A culpa não é nossa. Esses três mitos são recursos representativos do desengajamento moral (Bandura, 1999 da empresa para cometer um crime corporativo. Nossa análise identificou três mecanismos: deslocamento de culpa; minimização e distorção das consequências; e rotulagem eufemística.

  7. Escritos en el lenguaje del exilio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Marinone

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El ensayo explora textos de Augusto Roa Bastos, un escritor modélico respecto de una experiencia de exilio compleja, siempre refigurada en su escritura. Si cualquier exilio geográfico implica un exilio de la lengua (Roa escribió su narrativa completa lejos del Paraguay, su propio sistema cultural se ve marcado, desde el dominio colonial hispánico, por una situación de “diglosia” como exilio (lingüístico/cultural constitutivo. Por ello apelo al concepto “lenguaje del exilio” y reviso desde un texto poético a una serie de relatos, ciertas  imágenes y metáforas que se alzan como signos del  trabajo de Roa sobre el castellano, una retórica que propicia el trazo de líneas y núcleos de resonancia y anclaje o  escritura superpuesta, entramada a la convencional.

  8. Modulatory role of phospholipase D in the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3 by thyroid oncogenic kinase RET/PTC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kim Dong Wook

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background RET/PTC (rearranged in transformation/papillary thyroid carcinomas gene rearrangements are the most frequent genetic alterations identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Although it has been established that RET/PTC kinase plays a crucial role in intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular transformation, growth, and proliferation in thyroid epithelial cells, the upstream signaling that leads to the activation of RET/PTC is largely unknown. Based on the observation of high levels of PLD expression in human papillary thyroid cancer tissues, we investigated whether PLD plays a role in the regulating the RET/PTC-induced STAT3 activation. Methods Cancer tissue samples were obtained from papillary thyroid cancer patients (n = 6. The expression level of PLD was examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Direct interaction between RET/PTC and PLD was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation assay. PLD activity was assessed by measuring the formation of [3H]phosphatidylbutanol, the product of PLD-mediated transphosphatidylation, in the presence of n-butanol. The transcriptional activity of STAT3 was assessed by m67 luciferase reporter assay. Results In human papillary thyroid cancer, the expression levels of PLD2 protein were higher than those in the corresponding paired normal tissues. PLD and RET/PTC could be co-immunoprecipitated from cells where each protein was over-expressed. In addition, the activation of PLD by pervanadate triggered phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 residue on STAT-3, and its phosphorylation was dramatically higher in TPC-1 cells (from papillary carcinoma that have an endogenous RET/PTC1 than in ARO cells (from anaplastic carcinoma without alteration of total STAT-3 expression. Moreover, the RET/PTC-mediated transcriptional activation of STAT-3 was synergistically increased by over-expression of PLD, whereas the PLD activity as a lipid hydrolyzing enzyme was not affected by RET

  9. Comprehensive analysis of RET common and rare variants in a series of Spanish Hirschsprung patients confirms a synergistic effect of both kinds of events

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Castaño Luis

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background RET is the major gene associated to Hirschsprung disease (HSCR with differential contributions of its rare and common, coding and noncoding mutations to the multifactorial nature of this pathology. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive study of our HSCR series evaluating the involvement of both RET rare variants (RVs and common variants (CVs in the context of the disease. Methods RET mutational screening was performed by dHPLC and direct sequencing for the identification of RVs. In addition Taqman technology was applied for the genotyping of 3 RET CVs previously associated to HSCR, including a variant lying in an enhancer domain within RET intron 1 (rs2435357. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS v.17.0 to analyze the distribution of the variants. Results Our results confirm the strongest association to HSCR for the "enhancer" variant, and demonstrate a significantly higher impact of it in male versus female patients. Integration of the RET RVs and CVs analysis showed that in 91.66% of cases with both kinds of mutational events, the enhancer allele is in trans with the allele bearing the RET RV. Conclusions A gender effect exists on both the transmission and distribution of rare coding and common HSCR causing mutations. In addition, these RET CVs and RVs seem to act in a synergistic way leading to HSCR phenotype.

  10. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 contributes to GDNF neurotrophic activity through direct binding to phospho-Tyr687 in the RET receptor tyrosine kinase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perrinjaquet, Maurice; Vilar, Marçal; Ibáñez, Carlos F

    2010-10-08

    The signaling mechanisms by which neurotrophic receptors regulate neuronal survival and axonal growth are still incompletely understood. In the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, a receptor for GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), the functions of the majority of tyrosine residues that become phosphorylated are still unknown. Here we have identified the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 as a novel direct interactor of RET and the first effector known to bind to phosphorylated Tyr(687) in the juxtamembrane region of the receptor. We show that SHP2 is recruited to RET upon ligand binding in a cooperative fashion, such that both interaction with Tyr(687) and association with components of the Tyr(1062) signaling complex are required for stable recruitment of SHP2 to the receptor. SHP2 recruitment contributes to the ability of RET to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and promote survival and neurite outgrowth in primary neurons. Furthermore, we find that activation of protein kinase A (PKA) by forskolin reduces the recruitment of SHP2 to RET and negatively affects ligand-mediated neurite outgrowth. In agreement with this, mutation of Ser(696), a known PKA phosphorylation site in RET, enhances SHP2 binding to the receptor and eliminates the effect of forskolin on ligand-induced outgrowth. Together, these findings establish SHP2 as a novel positive regulator of the neurotrophic activities of RET and reveal Tyr(687) as a critical platform for integration of RET and PKA signals. We anticipate that several other phosphotyrosines of unknown function in neuronal receptor tyrosine kinases will also support similar regulatory functions.

  11. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for Duane Arnold Energy Center Unit No. 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Young, T.E.; Magleby, E.H.; Henscheid, J.W.

    1985-01-01

    A review of the reports required by federal regulations and the plant-specific Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for operations conducted during 1983 was performed. The periodic reports reviewed were the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 1983 and the Semiannual Radioactive Effluent Release Reports for 1983. The principal review guidelines were the plant's specific RETS, NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants'', and NRC Guidance on the Review of the Process Control Programs. The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines. 8 refs

  12. Tipo/retórica. Una aproximación a la retórica tipográfica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Gamonal Arroyo

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available A simple vista la Retórica y la Tipografía parecen dos disciplinas con poco en común, pero en este artículo veremos cómo estas dos materias, con muchos siglos de existencia, tienen nexos inquebrantables que abren nuevas vías de investigación. La letra es la representación verbal y visual de nuestro lenguaje y nuestro pensamiento. Su agrupación en palabras y oraciones conforman textos cuyo objetivo principal es persuadir al lector para ser leídas. Y esta persuasión la ejerce no sólo a través de su contenido, sino también de su forma.

  13. Improving retting of fibre through genetic modification of flax to express pectinases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Musialak, Magdalena; Wróbel-Kwiatkowska, Magdalena; Kulma, Anna; Starzycka, Eligia; Szopa, Jan

    2008-02-01

    Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a raw material used for important industrial products. Linen has very high quality textile properties, such as its strength, water absorption, comfort and feel. However, it occupies less than 1% of the total textile market. The major reason for this is the long and difficult retting process by which linen fibres are obtained. In retting, bast fibre bundles are separated from the core, the epidermis and the cuticle. This is accomplished by the cleavage of pectins and hemicellulose in the flax cell wall, a process mainly carried out by plant pathogens like filamentous fungi. The remaining bast fibres are mainly composed of cellulose and lignin. The aim of this study was to generate plants that could be retted more efficiently. To accomplish this, we employed the novel approach of transgenic flax plant generation with increased polygalacturonase (PGI ) and rhamnogalacturonase (RHA) activities. The constitutive expression of Aspergillus aculeatus genes resulted in a significant reduction in the pectin content in tissue-cultured and field-grown plants. This pectin content reduction was accompanied by a significantly higher (more than 2-fold) retting efficiency of the transgenic plant fibres as measured by a modified Fried's test. No alteration in the lignin or cellulose content was observed in the transgenic plants relative to the control. This indicates that the over-expression of the two enzymes does not affect flax fibre composition. The growth rate and soluble sugar and starch contents were in the range of the control levels. It is interesting to note that the RHA and PGI plants showed higher resistance to Fusarium culmorum and F. oxysporum attack, which correlates with the increased phenolic acid level. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that over-expression of the A. aculeatus genes results in flax plants more readily usable for fibre production. The biochemical parameters of the cell wall components indicated that

  14. Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2 Contributes to GDNF Neurotrophic Activity through Direct Binding to Phospho-Tyr687 in the RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perrinjaquet, Maurice; Vilar, Marçal; Ibáñez, Carlos F.

    2010-01-01

    The signaling mechanisms by which neurotrophic receptors regulate neuronal survival and axonal growth are still incompletely understood. In the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, a receptor for GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), the functions of the majority of tyrosine residues that become phosphorylated are still unknown. Here we have identified the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 as a novel direct interactor of RET and the first effector known to bind to phosphorylated Tyr687 in the juxtamembrane region of the receptor. We show that SHP2 is recruited to RET upon ligand binding in a cooperative fashion, such that both interaction with Tyr687 and association with components of the Tyr1062 signaling complex are required for stable recruitment of SHP2 to the receptor. SHP2 recruitment contributes to the ability of RET to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and promote survival and neurite outgrowth in primary neurons. Furthermore, we find that activation of protein kinase A (PKA) by forskolin reduces the recruitment of SHP2 to RET and negatively affects ligand-mediated neurite outgrowth. In agreement with this, mutation of Ser696, a known PKA phosphorylation site in RET, enhances SHP2 binding to the receptor and eliminates the effect of forskolin on ligand-induced outgrowth. Together, these findings establish SHP2 as a novel positive regulator of the neurotrophic activities of RET and reveal Tyr687 as a critical platform for integration of RET and PKA signals. We anticipate that several other phosphotyrosines of unknown function in neuronal receptor tyrosine kinases will also support similar regulatory functions. PMID:20682772

  15. Combined treatment of retting flax wastewater using Fenton oxidation and granular activated carbon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sohair I. Abou-Elela

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available The process of retting flax produces a huge amount of wastewater which is characterized with bad unpleasant smell and high concentration of organic materials. Treatment of such waste had always been difficult because of the presence of refractory organic pollutants such as lignin. In this study, treatment of retting wastewater was carried out using combined system of Fenton oxidation process followed by adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC. The effects of operating condition on Fenton oxidation process such as hydrogen peroxide and iron concentration were investigated. In addition, kinetic study of the adsorption process was elaborated. The obtained results indicated that degradation of organic matters follows a pseudo-first order reaction with regression coefficient of 0.98. The kinetic model suggested that the rate of reaction was highly affected by the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the results indicated that the treatment module was very efficient in removing the organic and inorganic pollutants. The average percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD, total suspended solid (TSS, oil, and grease was 98.60%, 86.60%, and 94.22% with residual values of 44, 20, and 5 mg/L, respectively. The treated effluent was complying with the National Regulatory Standards for wastewater discharge into surface water or reuse in the retting process.

  16. Ciberlenguaje y principios de retórica clásica. Redes sociales: el caso Facebook

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inmaculada Berlanga

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs han propiciado cambios en las formas de comunicarnosy relacionarnos en la sociedad. Como concreción de esta nueva realidad destaca el espectacular auge alcanzadopor las redes sociales on line. El discurso oral se ve enriquecido con el lenguaje icónico y el audiovisual, privilegiadosen la cultura de hoy, por ello, esta investigación se pregunta si el discurso empleado en las redes sociales favorece elobjetivo planteado por estas plataformas tecnológicas al ayudar a compartir información. Se trata de un trabajo decampo que analiza el lenguaje, tanto de la interfaz de la red como el de los usuarios que participan en una de las redessociales más populares de hoy: Facebook. El estudio recorre las tres dimensiones del proceso comunicativo: sintáctica,semántica y pragmática y a través de pantallas se capturan otros elementos que configuran el contexto de este procesoque le confieren dinamismo y creatividad a la interacción. Se plantea la conveniencia de mirar a los personajes que alo largo de la historia han brillado en el arte de comunicar y recuperar algunos parámetros de la retórica clásica en loque atañe a la correcta construcción del discurso y a su veracidad. Finalmente, reclama planteamos algunos elementosteórico del ciberlenguaje y la necesidad de aprovechar la potencialidad que brindan las redes sociales en cuanto asu capacidad de inmediatez, intuitividad e interactividad, para humanizar la conversación con lenguajes atractivos,eficaces, cercanos y correctos.

  17. The value of Ret-Hb and sTfR in the diagnosis of iron depletion in healthy, young children

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Uijterschout, L.; Domellöf, M.; Vloemans, J.; Vos, R.; Hudig, C.; Bubbers, S.; Verbruggen, S.; Veldhorst, M.; de Leeuw, T.; Teunisse, P. P.; van Goudoever, J. B.; Brus, F.

    2014-01-01

    Reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-Hb) content and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) are described as promising biomarkers in the analysis of iron status. However, the value of Ret-Hb and sTfR in the early detection of iron depletion, as frequently observed in children in high-income countries, is

  18. Vindicación y elogio de la retórica deliberativa: glosas de Aristóteles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vega Reñón, Luis

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Today we are witnessing the increasing interest in the argumentative rhetoric because of its close relationship with the public discourse. Two points have been highlighted in this regard: 1, the contribution of rhetoric to the critical revision of the ongoing programs of the so-called “deliberative democracy”; 2, the reading of Aristotle’s Rhetoric in line with these critical purposes. The aim of my paper is to develop this second point through an examination of the Aristotelian conception of rhetoric and his vindication of public deliberation.Hoy estamos asistiendo a un creciente interés por la retórica argumentativa debido a su estrecha relación con el discurso público. Tienen especial relieve dos puntos a este respecto: 1, la contribución de la retórica a la revisión crítica de los programas en curso de la llamada “democracia deliberativa”; 2, la lectura de la Retórica de Aristóteles en la línea de estos propósitos críticos. Mi artículo se propone desarrollar este segundo punto a través de un examen de la concepción aristotélica de la retórica y de su vindicación de la deliberación pública.

  19. Comparison of GFL–GFRα complexes: further evidence relating GFL bend angle to RET signalling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Parkash, Vimal; Goldman, Adrian

    2009-01-01

    The second crystal structure of the GDNF-GFRα1 complex provides further evidence that GFL signalling through RET is determined by the bend angle in the GFL. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) activates the receptor tyrosine kinase RET by binding to the GDNF-family receptor α1 (GFRα1) and forming the GDNF 2 –GFRα1 2 –RET 2 heterohexamer complex. A previous crystal structure of the GDNF 2 –GFRα1 2 complex suggested that differences in signalling in GDNF-family ligand (GFL) complexes might arise from differences in the bend angle between the two monomers in the GFL homodimer. Here, a 2.35 Å resolution structure of the GDNF 2 –GFRα1 2 complex crystallized with new cell dimensions is reported. The structure was refined to a final R factor of 22.5% (R free = 28%). The structures of both biological tetrameric complexes in the asymmetric unit are very similar to 2v5e and different from the artemin–GFRα3 structure, even though there is a small change in the structure of the GDNF. By comparison of all known GDNF and artemin structures, it is concluded that GDNF is more bent and more flexible than artemin and that this may be related to RET signalling. Comparisons also suggest that the differences between artemin and GDNF arise from the increased curvature of the artemin ‘fingers’, which both increases the buried surface area in the monomer–monomer interface and changes the intermonomer bend angle. From sequence comparison, it is suggested that neuturin (the second GFL) adopts an artemin-like conformation, while persephin has a different conformation to the other three

  20. Regulation of expression of the c-sis proto-oncogene

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ratner, L. (Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (USA))

    1989-06-12

    Regulation of expression of platelet derived growth factor polypeptide B encoded by the c-sis proto-oncogene is important in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. Sequences in the 1,028 nucleotide long 5{prime} untranslated region of the c-sis mRNA were found to inhibit protein synthesis. The inhibition is relieved by deletion of nucleotides 154-378 or 398-475. Sequences within 375 nucleotides upstream of the RNA initiation sites are important for transcriptional activity. Sequences in two portions of this region, between {minus}375 and {minus}235 nucleotides and between {minus}235 and {minus}99 nucleotides relative to the RNA CAP site are important for full activity. A transcriptional enhancer activity is demonstrated by its ability to increase the activity of the human T lymphotropic virus type (HTLV) I promoter at a distance and in an orientation-independent manner. Furthermore, sequences upstream of the c-sis RNA CAP site respond to the HTLV I transactivator protein to increase RNA synthesis from either the c-sis or HTLV I promoter.

  1. Synergistic growth inhibition of cancer cells harboring the RET/PTC1 ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Synergistic growth inhibition of cancer cells harboring the RET/PTC1 oncogene by staurosporine and rotenone involves enhanced cell death. ANTÓNIO PEDRO GONÇALVES, ARNALDO VIDEIRA, VALDEMAR MÁXIMO and PAULA SOARES. J. Biosci. 36(4), September 2011, 639-648, © Indian Academy of Sciences.

  2. A estrutura retórica do verbete Spinoza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marilena Chaui

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Propomos uma análise do verbete "Spinoza" do Dictionnaire Historique et Critique salientando a estrutura retórica do texto, em cujo centro se encontra a nova figura do ateu, construída por Bayle, o ateu especulativo ou "o ateu de sistema".The paper presents a study of the rhetorical framework of the article "Spinoza" in Bayle's Dictionnaire Historique et Critique and the new image of the atheist as athée de système.

  3. La tropología del curso histórico en Giambattista Vico

    OpenAIRE

    Damiani, Alberto M.

    1996-01-01

    Giambattista Vico ocupó la cátedra de Retórica de la Universidad de Nápoles a comienzos del siglo XVIII. Su interés por el arte de persuadir a un auditorio a través de la palabra debe ser tenido en cuenta a la hora de interpretar su obra filosófica fundamental: la Ciencia Nueva. En ella Vico sostiene que es posible una ciencia que conozca al mundo civil como efecto de las operaciones mentales que lo produjeron. La razón es para Vico una facultad que surge como resultado del desarrollo históri...

  4. Low dose irradiation of thyroid cells reveals a unique transcriptomic and epigenetic signature in RET/PTC-positive cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abou-El-Ardat, Khalil, E-mail: kabouela@sckcen.be [Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, GKD Building, Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie - Centre d' Etude de l' Energie Nucleaire (SCK-CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol (Belgium); Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Monsieurs, Pieter [Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, GKD Building, Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie - Centre d' Etude de l' Energie Nucleaire (SCK-CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol (Belgium); Anastasov, Natasa; Atkinson, Mike [Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich (Germany); Derradji, Hanane [Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, GKD Building, Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie - Centre d' Etude de l' Energie Nucleaire (SCK-CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol (Belgium); De Meyer, Tim [Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Department of Applied Mathematics, Biometrics and Process Control, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Bekaert, Sofie [Clinical Research Center, Faculty for Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, 185 De Pintelaan, 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Van Criekinge, Wim [Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent (Belgium); and others

    2012-03-01

    The high doses of radiation received in the wake of the Chernobyl incident and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been linked to the increased appearance of thyroid cancer in the children living in the vicinity of the site. However, the data gathered on the effect of low doses of radiation on the thyroid remain limited. We have examined the genome wide transcriptional response of a culture of TPC-1 human cell line of papillary thyroid carcinoma origin with a RET/PTC1 translocation to various doses (0.0625, 0.5, and 4 Gy) of X-rays and compared it to response of thyroids with a RET/PTC3 translocation and against wild-type mouse thyroids irradiated with the same doses using Affymetrix microarrays. We have found considerable overlap at a high dose of 4 Gy in both RET/PTC-positive systems but no common genes at 62.5 mGy. In addition, the response of RET/PTC-positive system at all doses was distinct from the response of wild-type thyroids with both systems signaling down different pathways. Analysis of the response of microRNAs in TPC-1 cells revealed a radiation-responsive signature of microRNAs in addition to dose-responsive microRNAs. Our results point to the fact that a low dose of X-rays seems to have a significant proliferative effect on normal thyroids. This observation should be studied further as opposed to its effect on RET/PTC-positive thyroids which was subtle, anti-proliferative and system-dependent.

  5. Representaciones de la pobreza en contextos de crisis. Un ejercicio desde el análisis crítico del discurso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martín Echeverría Victoria

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta un ejercicio de análisis crítico del discurso cuyo propósito es establecer las representaciones cons - truidas por periodistas de opinión acerca de la pobreza, reproducidas en uno de los principales diarios de México en el momento estratégico de la crisis económica mundial de 2008 - 2009 . Utilizando un andamiaje de niveles y categorías textuales, retóricas e ideológicas, se analizó un corpus de catorce piezas publicadas a lo largo de nueves meses. El análisis constata la utilización amplia de falacias y recursos retóricos dirigidos a construir una caracterización estereotípica de la pobreza, representando a los sujetos como víctimas sin agencia y carenciados particularmente en el plano material, elidiendo otras dimensiones de la problemática. La atribución reiterada de la pobreza al gobierno, sin explicaciones vinculantes con la crisis económica, apunta a que el abordaje del tema es un medio utilizado para criticar a las instituciones gubernamentales, más que un intento de explicación del mismo. Descriptores: Pobreza, prensa, análisis del discurso, periodismo de opinión, ideología.

  6. Elevated expression of proto-oncogenes accompany enhanced induction of heat-shock genes after exposure of rat embryos in utero to ionizing irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Higo, H.; Lee, J.Y.; Satow, Y.; Higo, K.

    1989-01-01

    We have recently found that the effects of exposing rat embryos in utero to teratogens capable of producing cardiac anomalies were expressed later as enhanced induction of heat-shock proteins (hsp70 family) when embryonic hearts were cultured in vitro. However, it remained to be determined whether heat-shock proteins are induced in vivo after exposure to teratogens. The heat-shock response in some mammalian systems is known to be accompanied by elevated expression of proto-oncogenes. Using gene-specific DNA probes, we examined the levels of the expression (transcription) of heat-shock protein genes and two nuclear proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-myc, in the embryos removed from irradiated pregnant mother rats 4 or 5 days after the irradiation. We found that the levels of expression in vivo of the hsp70 and c-myc genes in the irradiated embryos increased by approximately twofold as compared with those in the control. The expression in vivo of the c-fos gene was not detected in either the irradiated or non-irradiated embryos. After 0.5-hr incubation in vitro of the embryos, however, the expression of the c-fos gene in the irradiated embryos was highly enhanced whereas the control showed no changes. Although the exact functions of these gene products still remain obscure, the enhanced expression of hsp70 gene(s) and the nuclear proto-oncogenes observed in the present study may reflect repair of intracellular damages and/or regeneration of tissue by compensatory cell proliferation, processes that may disturb the normal program of organogenesis

  7. La discreta y sorprendente vigencia del ideólogo del despotismo chino: Han Feizi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Conde, Juan Luis

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Han Feizi (3rd century B.C. is the main representative of the Chinese Legalist school (făjiā. The tenets of this political theory have earned him the nickname “the Chinese Machiavelli”. His ideas were adopted by Qin Shihuang, the so-called First Emperor, who unified China and unleashed a despotic régime characterized by the crackdown of any political debate and the suppression of free speech. The connexion between rhetorical development and the political sphere in the context of Classical China’s last stage may set the scene for a wider discussion about that link. Comparative rhetoric will provide further ground for connexions between classical Chinese Legalist ideas and contemporary Neoliberal discourse.Han Feizi (s. III a.C. es el principal representante de la escuela legista china (făjiā. Los principios de su teoría política le han granjeado el apodo de “el Maquiavelo chino”. Sus ideas serían adoptadas por Qin Shihuang, el Primer Emperador, quien unificó China e impuso un régimen despótico caracterizado por la represión del debate político y la supresión de la libertad de expresión. La conexión entre el desarrollo de la retórica y la situación política en el contexto de la última etapa del clasicismo chino puede servir de fondo para una consideración más amplia de dicho nexo. La retórica comparada proporciona las bases para relacionar el pensamiento legista chino con el discurso neoliberal contemporáneo.

  8. A novel germ-line point mutation in RET exon 8 (Gly(533)Cys) in a large kindred with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Adriana Madeira Alvares da [UNIFESP; Maciel, Rui Monteiro de Barros [UNIFESP; Dias-da-Silva, Magnus Régios [UNIFESP; Toledo, Silvia Regina Caminada de [UNIFESP; De Carvalho, Marcos B.; Cerutti, Janete Maria [UNIFESP

    2003-01-01

    Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma is related to germ-line mutations in the RET oncogene, mainly in cysteine codon 10 or 11, whereas noncysteine mutations in codons 13 - 15 are rare. We now report a new missense point mutation in exon 8 of the RET gene (1597G-->T) corresponding to a Gly(533)Cys substitution in the cystein-rich domain of RET protein in 76 patients from a 6-generation Brazilian family with 229 subjects, with ascendants from Spain. It is likely that the mutation causes familia...

  9. Improvement of Haramay Fiber by Pre-treatment of Retting Process withPhosphoric Acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuntari-Sasas; Neni-Rustini Eriawati

    2000-01-01

    Haramay as bast fiber contains of cellulose fiber as the main part, mixedwith hemi cellulose, pectin, and lignin as binding material for cellulosefiber to keep it together in the bundle form. For textile material, this bastfiber has to be freed from its binding material, called as retting process,before subjecting to scouring, dyeing and finishing process in textileindustry. In the retting process the dissolve of binding material can be doneeither by using enzyme in bio technology or extraction with strong alkalinecondition in common technology. Using sodium hydroxide for dissolving thebinding material can be carried out easily with good dissolving ability, butcan render the strength retention of the cellulose fiber. Pre-treatment ofthe bast fiber with phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), is expected to hydrolyze someof the binding materials that can not be dissolved in alkaline condition,including natural pigment that colored the fiber with creamy white. In thisstudy, the pre-treatment process before retting with phosphoric acid wascarried out in various condition, such as concentration of phosphoric acid (5ml/l- 25 ml/l), time and temperature of pre-treatment (1-3 hours at 50 o C or12-24 hours at room temperature), followed by neutralization in dilutealkaline. The retting process was carried out by means of scouring in variousconcentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH 38 o Be, 10 ml/l-30 m/l), and then wascontinued with bleaching process in hydrogen peroxide solution. Aftercarrying out those experiment, the bast fiber that called haramay wassubjected to testing for weight reduction, strength retention and degree ofwhiteness. From the testing results it is concluded that pre-treatment withphosphoric acid can increase the weight reduction, strength retention ortenacity and degree of whiteness of haramay fiber compared to the oneswithout pre-treatment with phosphoric acid. The best result was obtained bypre-treatment with 5 ml/l H 3 PO 4 at 50 o C for 2 hours, continued by

  10. T-Cell Mediated Immune Responses Induced in ret Transgenic Mouse Model of Malignant Melanoma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abschuetz, Oliver [Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim , Heidelberg 69120 (Germany); Osen, Wolfram [Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Center, Heidelberg 69120 (Germany); Frank, Kathrin [Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim , Heidelberg 69120 (Germany); Kato, Masashi [Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Aichi 487-8501 (Japan); Schadendorf, Dirk [Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45122 (Germany); Umansky, Viktor, E-mail: v.umansky@dkfz.de [Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim , Heidelberg 69120 (Germany)

    2012-04-26

    Poor response of human malignant melanoma to currently available treatments requires a development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Their evaluation should be based on animal models that resemble human melanoma with respect to genetics, histopathology and clinical features. Here we used a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous skin melanoma, in which the ret transgene is expressed in melanocytes under the control of metallothionein-I promoter. After a short latency, around 25% mice develop macroscopic skin melanoma metastasizing to lymph nodes, bone marrow, lungs and brain, whereas other transgenic mice showed only metastatic lesions without visible skin tumors. We found that tumor lesions expressed melanoma associated antigens (MAA) tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2 and gp100, which could be applied as targets for the immunotherapy. Upon peptide vaccination, ret transgenic mice without macroscopic melanomas were able to generate T cell responses not only against a strong model antigen ovalbumin but also against typical MAA TRP-2. Although mice bearing macroscopic primary tumors could also display an antigen-specific T cell reactivity, it was significantly down-regulated as compared to tumor-free transgenic mice or non-transgenic littermates. We suggest that ret transgenic mice could be used as a pre-clinical model for the evaluation of novel strategies of melanoma immunotherapy.

  11. Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) implementation: Zion Generating Station Units 1 and 2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Serrano, W.; Akers, D.W.; Duce, S.W.; Mandler, J.W.; Simpson, F.B.; Young, T.E.

    1985-06-01

    A review of the Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) of the Zion Generating Station Units 1 and 2 was performed. The principal review guidelines used were NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants,'' and Draft 7 of NUREG-0472, Revision 3, ''Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Pressurized Water Reactors.'' Draft submittals were discussed with the Licensee by both EG and G and the NRC staff until all items requiring changes to the Technical Specifications were resolved. The Licensee then submitted final proposed RETS to the NRC which were evaluated and found to be in compliance with the NRC review guidelines. The proposed Offsite Dose Calculation Manual was reviewed and generally found to be consistent with the NRC review guidelines. 35 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab

  12. Bioelectricity generation from coconut husk retting wastewater in fed batch operating microbial fuel cell by phenol degrading microorganism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jayashree, C.; Arulazhagan, P.; Adish Kumar, S.; Kaliappan, S.; Yeom, Ick Tae; Rajesh Banu, J.

    2014-01-01

    Dual chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) operated at fed batch mode for the treatment of retting wastewater has potently achieved both current generation and phenol removal. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the reactor was varied from 40 days to 10 days. COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal was 91% at 40 days HRT, with an initial COD concentration of 530 ± 50 g m −3 . Retting wastewater with an initial phenol concentration of 320 ± 60 g m −3 procured a highest phenol removal of 93% at 40 days HRT of the microbial fuel cell. Maximum power density of 362 mW m −2 was achieved using retting wastewater at HRT of 20 days with an internal resistance of 150 Ω in a dual chambered MFC. The bacterial strains in anode region, reported to be responsible for potential phenol removal, were identified as Ochrobactrum sp. RA1 (KJ408266), Ochrobactrum sp. RA2 (KJ408267) and Pesudomonas aeruginosa RA3 (KJ408268) using phylogenetic analysis. The study reveals that, dual chambered MFC effectively removed the phenol from retting wastewater along with power generation. - Highlights: • Maximum power density of 362 mW m −2 (150 Ω) was achieved at HRT of 20 days. • 91% COD removal and 93% phenol removal was observed at HRT of 40 days. • 25% coulombic efficiency was achieved in treatment of retting wastewater with MFC. • Phylogenetic analysis detect phenol degrading Ochrobactrum sp.RA1 in anode biofilm. • In addition, Ochrobactrum sp.RA2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RA3 were also isolated

  13. Ret receptor tyrosine kinase sustains proliferation and tissue maturation in intestinal epithelia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Perea, Daniel; Guiu, Jordi; Hudry, Bruno

    2017-01-01

    Expression of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase is a defining feature of enteric neurons. Its importance is underscored by the effects of its mutation in Hirschsprung disease, leading to absence of gut innervation and severe gastrointestinal symptoms. We report a new and physiologically significant...

  14. Coexistent Hirschsprung's disease and esophageal achalasia in male siblings.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Kelly, J L

    2012-02-03

    Achalasia of the esophagus developed in two male siblings soon after birth, and they were successfully treated by surgery. Persistent signs resulted in the later diagnosis of Hirschsprung\\'s disease. One required subtotal colectomy and ileoanal anastomosis, and the other is managing well on conservative treatment. Genetic analysis of the genes encoding the RET protooncogene, endothelin-3, and the endothelin-3 receptor did not show any defect. Familial achalasia of the esophagus in combination with Hirschsprung\\'s disease has never been reported.

  15. Elías Castelnuovo: una lectura plebeya del freudismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Rodríguez Pérsico

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2176-8552.2014n17p51 El ensayo es un género que se aleja tanto del rigor de la ciencia como de las burocracias de la academia. Se revela apto para probar posiciones que descubren una subjetividad que se arriesga a prescindir de citas autorizadas mientras procura la autolegitimación. En 1938, Elías Castelnuovo, miembro conspicuo del Grupo de Boedo, publica Psicoanálisis sexual y social, título evidente que pretende articular marxismo y psicoanálisis mediante las ironías y las estrategias de la literatura. El resultado conlleva una victoria de la retórica literaria que ofrece versiones plebeyas de ambos saberes.

  16. Identification of sumoylation sites in CCDC6, the first identified RET partner gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma, uncovers a mode of regulating CCDC6 function on CREB1 transcriptional activity.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chiara Luise

    Full Text Available CCDC6 was originally identified in chimeric genes as caused by chromosomal translocation involving the RET protooncogene in some thyroid tumors. Recognised as a 65 kDa pro-apoptotic phosphoprotein, CCDC6 has been enrolled as an ATM substrate that contribute to protect genome integrity by modulating PP4c activity in response to genotoxic stress. Recently, CCDC6 has been identified as a repressor of CREB1-dependent transcription. Sumoylation has emerged as an important mechanism in transcriptional control. Here, we report the identification and characterization of three sites of sumoylation in CCDC6 (K74, K266 and K424 which are highly conserved in vertebrates. We demonstrate that the post-translational modifications by SUMO2 constrain most of the CCDC6 protein in the cytosol and affect its functional interaction with CREB1 with a decrease of CCDC6 repressive function on CREB1 transcriptional activity. Indeed, the impairment of functional outcome of sumoylated CCDC6 is obtained knocking down all three the sumoylation sites. Interestingly, in thyroid cells the SUMO2-mediated CCDC6 post-translational modifications are induced by Forskolin, a cAMP analog. Signal transduction via the cAMP pathway is known to be ubiquitous and represents a major line of communication between many organisms and their environment. We believe that CCDC6 could be an important player in the dynamics of cAMP signaling by fine regulating CREB1 transcriptional activity in normal and transformed thyroid cells.

  17. La gordofobia es un problema del trabajo social

    OpenAIRE

    Navajas-Pertegás, Nina María

    2017-01-01

    La «epidemia de obesidad» se ha convertido en foco de atención de las agencias de salud pública y los gobiernos de los países industrializados. Dicha retórica recrimina a las personas gordas su incapacidad para autogobernarse y mantener un estilo de vida saludable. Paralelamente, el tono alarmista del discurso biomédico y las afirmaciones sobre los peligros de la gordura han sido duramente criticados. Para esclarecer este fenómeno, atenderemos al lugar de enunciación de dicho discurso; un con...

  18. Characterization of Bacterial and Fungal Community Dynamics by High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS Metabarcoding during Flax Dew-Retting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christophe Djemiel

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Flax dew-retting is a key step in the industrial extraction of fibers from flax stems and is dependent upon the production of a battery of hydrolytic enzymes produced by micro-organisms during this process. To explore the diversity and dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities involved in this process we applied a high-throughput sequencing (HTS DNA metabarcoding approach (16S rRNA/ITS region, Illumina Miseq on plant and soil samples obtained over a period of 7 weeks in July and August 2014. Twenty-three bacterial and six fungal phyla were identified in soil samples and 11 bacterial and four fungal phyla in plant samples. Dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes (bacteria and Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota (fungi all of which have been previously associated with flax dew-retting except for Bacteroidetes and Basidiomycota that were identified for the first time. Rare phyla also identified for the first time in this process included Acidobacteria, CKC4, Chlorobi, Fibrobacteres, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae and TM6 (bacteria, and Chytridiomycota (fungi. No differences in microbial communities and colonization dynamics were observed between early and standard flax harvests. In contrast, the common agricultural practice of swath turning affects both bacterial and fungal community membership and structure in straw samples and may contribute to a more uniform retting. Prediction of community function using PICRUSt indicated the presence of a large collection of potential bacterial enzymes capable of hydrolyzing backbones and side-chains of cell wall polysaccharides. Assignment of functional guild (functional group using FUNGuild software highlighted a change from parasitic to saprophytic trophic modes in fungi during retting. This work provides the first exhaustive description of the microbial communities involved in flax dew-retting and will provide a valuable benchmark in future studies aiming

  19. IMPACT OF JUTE RETTING ON NATIVE FISH DIVERSITY AND AQUATIC HEALTH OF ROADSIDE TRANSITORY WATER BODIES: AN ASSESSMENT IN EASTERN INDIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dipankar Ghosh

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Roadside transitory water bodies being manmade depressions have a great ecological and socio-economic importance from years. The effects of agricultural runoffs, jute retting, macro-phytes infestations and inadequate rainfall in changed climate often degrade transitory water bodies’ environment while the biodiversity have impacted severely because of population pressure, over exploitation and indiscriminate use of fine meshed fishing gears as a whole. Physico-chemical and biological analysis with fish species composition, relative abundance, diversity indices like species richness, evenness and Shannon-Wiener index were carried out for pre-, during and post-jute retting season and for year mean as a whole to assess impact of jute retting on the roadside transitory water body’s environmental health and indigenous fish diversity at Sahebnagar village in Nadia District, India. All the physico-chemical parameters barring biochemical oxygen demand and water transparency remained more or less same or marginally got little changed during those three seasons. As much as 19 native fish species with varied relative abundances and dominances were identified. Jute retting impacted lower native fish diversity indices like Shannon-Wiener index values (1.94 to 2.68 clearly indicated poor to moderate pollution status of the transitory water body in that area during monsoon in particular and throughout the year in general. So we opined there should be some control over the intense jute retting in the road side transitory water bodies for sustainable management of these manmade resources.

  20. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station, Unit 1 for 1983

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Magleby, E.H.; Young, T.E.

    1985-01-01

    A review of the reports required by Federal regulations and the plant-specific Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for operations conducted during 1983 was performed. The periodic reports reviewed for the Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station, Unit 1 were the Semiannual Effluent Release Report, January 1, 1983 to June 30, 1983 and the Radiation Exposure, Environmental Protection, Effluent and Waste Disposal Report. The principal review guidelines were the plant's specific RETS which were based on NRC guidance given in NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants.'' The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines

  1. La insalubridad del corpus político - Estudio de una metáfora: el cuerpo del Estado y sus dolencias, las crisis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Israel Roncero

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente ensayo analiza la interacción entre dos metáforas políticas, la metáfora que asimila a la sociedad con un cuerpo y aquella que entiende las crisis como enfermedades. Partiendo del análisis de una obra de Shakespeare en la que estas dos metáforas articulan la trama política de la tragedia, Coriolano, se continuará con un estudio del uso histórico de estas figuras retóricas, desde Platón hasta la Metrópolis de Fritz Lang, para tratar de determinar hasta qué punto estas metáforas políticas sirven para sustentar un tipo de pensamiento conservador determinista y para mover a la radicalidad política.

  2. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for Zion Nuclear Power Station, Units 1 and 2 for 1983

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Young, T.E.; Magleby, E.H.

    1985-01-01

    A review was performed on the reports required by Federal regulations and the plant-specific Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for operations conducted at Commonwealth Edison's Zion Nuclear Power Station during 1983. The two periodic reports reviewed: (1) were the Effluent and Waste Disposal Semiannual Report, July-December 1983, and (2) the Radioactive Waste and Environmental Monitoring Annual Report - 1983. The principal review guidelines were the plant's specific RETS and NRC guidance given in NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants.'' The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines

  3. IMPACT OF JUTE RETTING ON PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY AND AQUATIC HEALTH: BIOMONITORING IN A TROPICAL OXBOW LAKE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dipankar Ghosh

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Phytoplankton acts as a primary producer and biological filter of aquatic ecosystem. Jute retting during monsoon is a common anthropological activity in the rural Bengal. Quantitative seasonal bio-monitoring of phytoplankton community composition with relative abundance and its diversity indices was carried out in this study from April 2013 to March 2014 to assess water quality and the impact of jute retting on phytoplankton diversity of a tropical fresh water oxbow lake in Nadia district of India. We recorded a total of 34 genera of 5 distinct classes, Chlorophyceae (15, Bacillariophyceae (13, Cyanophyceae (4, Dinophyceae (1 and Euglenophyceae (1. Members of Chlorophyceae dominated throughout the year. Unlike Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae was found to be significantly increased during monsoon when compared to the rest of the year. Average phytoplankton density was highest in post-monsoon (8760/L followed by monsoon (4680/L and pre-monsoon (3650/L. Owing to the dominance of class Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae we found this lake to be oligotrophic to mesotrophic. Indices values of genera richness, Shannon-Wiener, evenness and Simpson’s diversity reached their lowest 14, 1.61, 0.61 and 0.68 in monsoon and highest 23, 2.42, 0.77 and 0.86 in post monsoon respectively. The lowest diversity values during monsoon clearly suggested that the selected lake has highest anthropogenic pollution due to jute retting which impacted significantly on phytoplankton diversity. Therefore, the lake is not conducive for fish growth especially during monsoon and we opine that there is a need to regulate jute retting process, intensity and its density in the lake during the monsoon to ensure enhanced biodiversity for sustainable management and conservation of aquatic environment of this Oxbow lake.

  4. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for Crystal River Nuclear Generating Plant, Unit 3, for 1983

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Magleby, E.H.; Young, T.E.

    1985-01-01

    A review was performed on the reports required by Federal regulations and the plant-specific Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for operations conducted at Florida Power Corporation's Crystal River Nuclear Plant, Unit 3, during 1983. The three periodic reports reviewed were (1) the Effluent and Waste Disposal Semiannual Report, January 1-June 30, 1983, (2) the Effluent and Waste Disposal Semiannual Report, July 1-December 31, 1983, and (3) the Annual Environmental Operating Report, Radiological, 1983. The principal review guidelines were the plant's specific RETS and NRC guidance given in NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants.'' The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines

  5. Prisen Årets studenter start-up går til Drop Bucket

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lassen, Lisbeth

    2015-01-01

    DTU’s ny pris for årets mest innovative studerende blev ved universitetets årsfest givet til Heiða Gunnarsdóttir Nolsøe og Marie Stampe Berggreen, som står bag virksomheden Drop Bucket. Koncerndirektør for innovation og entreprenørskab, Marianne Thellersen, overakte prisen til de to innovatører s...

  6. Prophylactic thyroidectomy for asymptomatic 3-year-old boy with positive multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A mutation (codon 634).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jesić, Maja D; Tancić-Gajić, Milina; Jesić, Milos M; Zivaljević, Vladan; Sajić, Silvija; Vujović, Svetlana; Damjanović, Svetozar

    2014-01-01

    The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) syndrome, comprising medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is most frequently caused by codon 634 activating mutations of the RET (rearranged during transfection) proto-oncogene on chromosome 10. For this codon-mutation carriers, earlier thyroidectomy (before the age of 5 years) would be advantageous in limiting the potential for the development of MTC as well as parathyroid adenomas. This is a case report of 3-year-old boy from the MEN 2A family (the boy's father and grandmother and paternal aunt) in which cysteine substitutes for phenylalanine at codon 634 in exon 11 of the RET proto-oncogene, who underwent thyroidectomy solely on the basis of genetic information. A boy had no thyromegaly, thyroidal irregularities or lymphadenopathy and no abnormality on the neck ultrasound examination. The pathology finding of thyroid gland was negative for MTC. Two years after total thyroidectomy, 5-year-old boy is healthy with permanent thyroxine replacement. His serum calcitonin level is < 2 pg/ml (normal < 13 pg/ml), has normal serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels and negative urinary catecholamines. Long-term follow-up of this patient is required to determine whether very early thyroidectomy improves the long-term outcome of PHPT. Children with familial antecedents of MEN 2A should be genetically studied for the purpose of determining the risk of MTC and assessing the possibilities of making prophylactic thyroidectomy before the age of 5 years.

  7. Entre la retórica legal y eclesiástica:una misión antiesclavista en el siglo XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rebeca Moreno Orama

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available En 1537 la Iglesia prohibió la esclavitud de los amerindios, y no sería sino hasta 1839 que hiciera lo mismo con la esclavitud africana. Entre los siglos entre una postura a la otra, la impugnación religiosa de la esclavitud africana estuvo en manos de unos cuantos misioneros. Este trabajo discute cómo a través del empleo de la retórica legal y eclesiástica, el capuchino Francisco José de Jaca construye en su Resolución (La Habana, 1681un proyecto misionero alterno, centrado en la denuncia del cuerpo católico envuelto en la esclavitud y no en la evangelización de los africanos. In 1537 the Catholic Church prohibited Amerindian slavery, but not until 1839 would they do the same with African slavery. Between the centuries that span from one position to the other, religious condemnation of African slavery was in the hands of but a few missionaries. This work discusses how, through the employment of legal and ecclesiastic rhetoric, the Capuchin monk Francisco José de Jaca constructs in his Resolución (Havana, 1681 an alternative missionary project, focused on the denunciation of the Catholic body involved in the slavery institution and not on the evangelization of Africans.

  8. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for the Edwin I. Hatch Nuclear Plant, Units 1 and 2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Young, T.E.; Magleby, E.H.

    1985-01-01

    A review of the reports required by federal regulations and the plant-specific Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) for operations conducted during 1983 was performed. The periodic reports reviewed for the Edwin I. Hatch Nuclear Plant were the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 1983 and the Semiannual Radioactive Effluent Release Reports for 1983. The principal review guidelines were the plant's specific RETS, NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants'', and NRC Guidance on the Review of the Process Control Programs. The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines. 7 refs

  9. Formas retóricas de dizer: o jornalista Celso Ming e seus artigos de opinião

    OpenAIRE

    Santana, Maiara Pereira de

    2015-01-01

    Esta dissertação, produzida na linha Texto e discurso nas modalidades oral e escrita, do Programa de Estudos em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), tem por objetivo realizar uma leitura retórica de artigo opinativo, especificamente, o de domínio econômico, escrito pelo jornalista Celso Ming para o jornal O Estado de São Paulo. Para análise, adota-se a perspectiva da retórica, arte e técnica grega, que se atém aos discursos que são passíveis de persuasã...

  10. Is thyroidectomy necessary in RET mutations carriers of the familial medullary thyroid carcinoma syndrome?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, H S; Torring, H; Godballe, C

    2000-01-01

    BACKGROUND: The results and consequences of genetic testing in a family with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) are described. METHODS: In the screening of relatives, serum calcitonin is replaced by RET mutation analysis that was performed in families suspected of hereditary medullary th...

  11. The protein encoded by the proto-oncogene DEK changes the topology of chromatin and reduces the efficiency of DNA replication in a chromatin-specific manner

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Alexiadis, V; Waldmann, T; Andersen, Jens S.

    2000-01-01

    The structure of chromatin regulates the genetic activity of the underlying DNA sequence. We report here that the protein encoded by the proto-oncogene DEK, which is involved in acute myelogenous leukemia, induces alterations of the superhelical density of DNA in chromatin. The change in topology...

  12. Retroviruses Hijack Chromatin Loops to Drive Oncogene Expression and Highlight the Chromatin Architecture around Proto-Oncogenic Loci

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pattison, Jillian M.; Wright, Jason B.; Cole, Michael D.

    2015-01-01

    The majority of the genome consists of intergenic and non-coding DNA sequences shown to play a major role in different gene regulatory networks. However, the specific potency of these distal elements as well as how these regions exert function across large genomic distances remains unclear. To address these unresolved issues, we closely examined the chromatin architecture around proto-oncogenic loci in the mouse and human genomes to demonstrate a functional role for chromatin looping in distal gene regulation. Using cell culture models, we show that tumorigenic retroviral integration sites within the mouse genome occur near existing large chromatin loops and that this chromatin architecture is maintained within the human genome as well. Significantly, as mutagenesis screens are not feasible in humans, we demonstrate a way to leverage existing screens in mice to identify disease relevant human enhancers and expose novel disease mechanisms. For instance, we characterize the epigenetic landscape upstream of the human Cyclin D1 locus to find multiple distal interactions that contribute to the complex cis-regulation of this cell cycle gene. Furthermore, we characterize a novel distal interaction upstream of the Cyclin D1 gene which provides mechanistic evidence for the abundant overexpression of Cyclin D1 occurring in multiple myeloma cells harboring a pathogenic translocation event. Through use of mapped retroviral integrations and translocation breakpoints, our studies highlight the importance of chromatin looping in oncogene expression, elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms crucial for distal cis-regulation, and in one particular instance, explain how a translocation event drives tumorigenesis through upregulation of a proto-oncogene. PMID:25799187

  13. O enigma do espelho. A retórica do silêncio nas Confissões de Agostinho de Hipona

    OpenAIRE

    Ricardo Reali Taurisano

    2014-01-01

    Três eram as principais tarefas da retórica clássica: instruir, deleitar e mover as almas à ação. Nas Confissões, contudo, percebe-se que elas são excedidas por um emprego nada convencional dos recursos da ars, de que rhetor Agostinho era mestre, a fim de perse-guir finalidade filosófica ulterior: dizer o indizível. Trata-se do uso duma palavra retórica que se quer circular, tautócrona, oblíqua, poética, oracular e paradoxal, em sua eloquência silenciosa. Numa primeira parte, pretende-se ress...

  14. La cultura del consumo a través de la investigación social: acontecimientos teórico-metodológicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LAURA L. ORTIZ-NEGRÓN

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir de la investigación sobre la cultura del consumo en Puerto Rico, y de ciertas experiencias del trabajo de campo, particularmente, la entrevista como herramienta etnográfica, se esbozan algunas reflexiones teórico-metodológicasque dislocan los entendidos dominantes del conocimiento y la investigación social. Estas reflexiones comprenden un abordaje analítico y argumentativo desde diversas tradiciones post-estructuralistas y debates contemporáneos sobre lo social. Asuntos vinculados a género, enunciaciones retóricas, a la otredady la ética son algunos de los temas analizados en este ensayo.

  15. Identification of a Novel Proto-oncogenic Network in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Georgy, Smitha R; Cangkrama, Michael; Srivastava, Seema; Partridge, Darren; Auden, Alana; Dworkin, Sebastian; McLean, Catriona A; Jane, Stephen M; Darido, Charbel

    2015-09-01

    The developmental transcription factor Grainyhead-like 3 (GRHL3) plays a critical tumor suppressor role in the mammalian epidermis through direct regulation of PTEN and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. GRHL3 is highly expressed in all tissues derived from the surface ectoderm, including the oral cavity, raising a question about its potential role in suppression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We explored the tumor suppressor role of Grhl3 in HNSCC using a conditional knockout (Grhl3 (∆/-) /K14Cre (+) ) mouse line (n = 26) exposed to an oral chemical carcinogen. We defined the proto-oncogenic pathway activated in the HNSCC derived from these mice and assessed it in primary human HNSCC samples, normal oral epithelial cell lines carrying shRNA to GRHL3, and human HNSCC cell lines. Data were analyzed with two-sided chi square and Student's t tests. Deletion of Grhl3 in oral epithelium in mice did not perturb PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, but instead evoked loss of GSK3B expression, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of c-MYC and aggressive HNSCC. This molecular signature was also evident in a subset of primary human HNSCC and HNSCC cell lines. Loss of Gsk3b in mice, independent of Grhl3, predisposed to chemical-induced HNSCC. Restoration of GSK3B expression blocked proliferation of normal oral epithelial cell lines carrying shRNA to GRHL3 (cell no., Day 8: Scramble ctl, 616±21.8 x 10(3) vs GRHL3-kd, 1194±44 X 10(3), P < .001; GRHL3-kd vs GRHL3-kd + GSK3B, 800±98.84 X 10(3), P = .003) and human HNSCC cells. We defined a novel molecular signature in mammalian HNSCC, suggesting new treatment strategies targeting the GRHL3/GSK3B/c-MYC proto-oncogenic network. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  16. Cushing Disease in a patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2B.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kasturi, Kannan; Fernandes, Lucas; Quezado, Martha; Eid, Mary; Marcus, Leigh; Chittiboina, Prashant; Rappaport, Mark; Stratakis, Constantine A; Widemann, Brigitte; Lodish, Maya

    2017-06-01

    Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) is a rare autosomal-dominant cancer syndrome characterized in part by metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and pheochromocytoma. Cushing disease is a rare cause of endogenous hypercortisolism in children. We describe a 21-year-old African-American male who was diagnosed at age 10 with an ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma. At age 16 he developed medullary thyroid cancer and was found to have multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B with the characteristic M918T mutation of the RET proto-oncogene. Following thyroidectomy, he was initiated on Vandetanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and has since had stable disease over the last 5 years. Our patient is the first individual with MEN2B to be described with Cushing disease. The RET oncogene may play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis; alternatively, the coexistence of these two entities may represent an extremely rare coincidence.

  17. Craniopharyngiomas express embryonic stem cell markers (SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and SOX9) as pituitary stem cells but do not coexpress RET/GFRA3 receptors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia-Lavandeira, Montserrat; Saez, Carmen; Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther; Perez-Romero, Sihara; Senra, Ana; Dieguez, Carlos; Japon, Miguel A; Alvarez, Clara V

    2012-01-01

    Adult stem cells maintain some markers expressed by embryonic stem cells and express other specific markers depending on the organ where they reside. Recently, stem/progenitor cells in the rodent and human pituitary have been characterized as expressing GFRA2/RET, PROP1, and stem cell markers such as SOX2 and OCT4 (GPS cells). Our objective was to detect other specific markers of the pituitary stem cells and to investigate whether craniopharyngiomas (CRF), a tumor potentially derived from Rathke's pouch remnants, express similar markers as normal pituitary stem cells. We conducted mRNA and Western blot studies in pituitary extracts, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence on sections from normal rat and human pituitaries and 20 CRF (18 adamantinomatous and two papillary). Normal pituitary GPS stem cells localized in the marginal zone (MZ) express three key embryonic stem cell markers, SOX2, OCT4, and KLF4, in addition to SOX9 and PROP1 and β-catenin overexpression. They express the RET receptor and its GFRA2 coreceptor but also express the coreceptor GFRA3 that could be detected in the MZ of paraffin pituitary sections. CRF maintain the expression of SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, SOX9, and β-catenin. However, RET and GFRA3 expression was altered in CRF. In 25% (five of 20), both RET and GFRA3 were detected but not colocalized in the same cells. The other 75% (15 of 20) lose the expression of RET, GFRA3, or both proteins simultaneously. Human pituitary adult stem/progenitor cells (GPS) located in the MZ are characterized by expression of embryonic stem cell markers SOX2, OCT4, and KLF4 plus the specific pituitary embryonic factor PROP1 and the RET system. Redundancy in RET coreceptor expression (GFRA2 and GFRA3) suggest an important systematic function in their physiological behavior. CRF share the stem cell markers suggesting a common origin with GPS. However, the lack of expression of the RET/GFRA system could be related to the cell mislocation and deregulated

  18. A prova retórica do logos no filme narrativo de ficção

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Assunção e ALVES

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO O logos consiste na prova retórica técnica/artística, segundo (Aristóteles, 2000, em que o orador demonstra ou tenta demonstrar a verdade pelo discurso; ou seja, trata-se do uso do raciocínio lógico com o objetivo de fundar uma proposição persuasiva. Para autores como (Amossy, 2006 e (Olbrechts-Tyteca e Perelman, 2008, os gêneros discursivos, uma vez que sempre visam a algum tipo de impacto sobre o público, são providos de argumentatividade em diferentes graus e intenções. Neste artigo, pretendemos discutir possibilidades de emprego da prova retórica do logos no filme narrativo de ficção, sob a perspectiva da análise argumentativa do discurso e da teoria semiolinguística (Charaudeau, 2001. O método utilizado consiste na aplicação de algumas categorias do logos à análise argumentativo-discursiva de algumas sequências do filme O Poderoso Chefão II (The Godfather Part II, 1974, de Francis Ford Coppola, levando em consideração os elementos da linguagem cinematográfica envolvidos. Esta pesquisa permitiu verificar a proficuidade da abordagem do filme de ficção como objeto de estudo nessa área, bem como a relação intrínseca entre as provas retóricas do ethos, do pathos e do logos.

  19. "Defensa de Palamedes por él mismo": pluralidades del "yo" que enuncia en la etopeya gorgiana

    OpenAIRE

    Ivana Selene Chialva

    2016-01-01

    La Defensa de Palamedes por él mismo de Gorgias es un texto ficticio de apología judicial, exponente del género epidíctico, escrito aproximadamente en el año 411 a.C. La condición retórico-escolar del texto está dada en el título ya que constituye un recurso avant la lettre que, en los Progymnásmata de época imperial, será definido y enseñado bajo el nombre de un ejercicio particular: etopeya (o prosopopeya), i.e. un discurso apropiado para un personaje, histórico o ficticio, escrito en prime...

  20. Retórica de influência social e negociação, segundo poder/reconhecimento na sociedade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edson Alves de Souza Filho

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Estudamos o modo de negociar a pressão provocada por personagens considerados mais ou menos poderosos/reconhecidos na sociedade perante a identificação étnica do participante. Tratamos os fenômenos segundo as teorias de influência social ou retóricas de ação social. Trabalhamos com situações simuladas de pressão para recriar experiências possíveis de interação. Participaram 207 estudantes de ensino médio de escolas públicas estaduais, identificados como negros, brancos e morenos. Os resultados indicaram retóricas/ações como recusas, aceitação e não decisão às pressões. As retóricas/ações antecipadas foram de cordialidade, interesse próprio, hostilidade, interesse do outro. Os brancos tenderam a aceitar mais a pressão de personagens poderosos e os negros, em menor proporção, a recusar. Quanto aos personagens minoritários, houve aceitação da pressão nos grupos, indicando menor controvérsia. Discutimos os resultados nos marcos da dinâmica de relações entre grupos na sociedade.

  1. Resonance energy transfer (RET)-Induced intermolecular pairing force: a tunable weak interaction and its application in SWNT separation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Xiaoyong; Chen, Hui; Wang, Wei Zhi; Ng, Siu Choon; Chan-Park, Mary B

    2011-07-21

    This paper explores evidence of an optically mediated interaction that is active in the separation mechanism of certain selective agents through consideration of the contrasting selective behaviors of two conjugated polymers with distinct optical properties. The involvement of a RET-induced intermolecular pairing force is implied by the different illumination response behaviors. The magnitude of this interaction scales with the external stimulus parameter, the illumination irradiance (I), and thus is tunable. This suggests a facile technique to modify the selectivity of polymers toward specific SWNT species by altering the polymer structure to adjust the corresponding intermolecular interaction. This is the first experimental verification and application of a RET-induced intermolecular pairing force to SWNT separation. With this kind of interaction taken into account, reasonable interpretation of some conflicting data, especially PLE maps, can be easily made. The above conclusion can be applied to other substances as long as they are electrically neutral and there is photon-induced RET between them. The significant magnitude of this interaction makes direct manipulation of molecules/particles possible and is expected to have applications in molecular engineering. © 2011 American Chemical Society

  2. El suspenso del melodrama. Entre modelos narrativos y modelos de conducta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro A. Fernández Reyes

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Al final de la llamada Época de Oro, el cine mexicano adapta sus formas de representación para reconstruir tanto sus modelos y estrategias narrativas como sus nuevos sujetos representados, desplegando, no obstante, una tensión entre la modernidad y la lucha por conservar valores pretéritos. En la película Que Dios me perdone (Tito Davison, 1947 indago el carácter cambiante de una tradición impresa en la expresión artística masificada. Con el estudio del caso, abordo la representación de la mujer moderna de los años cuarenta en sus roles fundamentales para la construcción simbólica del género y sus modelos de conducta; detecto la manera en que se comporta ese género en tensión con la retórica del suspenso y del melodrama, centrándome en las desviaciones y regulaciones del ideal materno y de su inherente conflicto sexual en escenarios y situaciones extraordinarias para este rol: convóquese a la maternidad negada, al crimen o al espionaje.

  3. del paradigma comprensivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Luisa Bacarlett Pérez

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir de la distinción planteada por von Wright en su texto ya clásico Explicación y comprensión, se analiza la obra de Giambattista Vico (1668-1744 a la luz de su crítica desarrollada hacia Descartes y la distinción que realiza en tre "crítica" y "tópica". No es aventurado decir que en la propuesta viquiana la actividad propia de la tópica, ligada al uso del lenguaje, la retórica y la elocuencia, se acerca más aquello que von Wright ubica dentro del "paradigma comprensivo"; mientras que la crítica, identificada con el método cartesiano, privilegia la abstracción, la deducción lógica y el análisis matemático; es decir, todo aquello ligado al conocimiento de la naturaleza. La gran diferencia en tre tópica y crítica radica, al final, en el criterio de verdad propio de cada perspectiva: mientras la crítica encuentra la verdad en la exterioridad del mundo natural, en algo que los hombres no hacen; en cambio, la única forma de verdad en el terreno de la tópica es como "verdad hecha" o "verum factum"; es decir, la verdad que nosotros mismos hacemos como agentes históricos, lingüísticos, creadores de cultura, de vida política y social.

  4. Mecanismos argumentativos en las cartas al director: La interrogación retórica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joan Gabriel Burguera Serra

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} El objetivo de este artículo se centra en la descripción de la funcionalidad pragmática de la interrogación retórica en las cartas al director. El punto de partida radica en entender las cartas al director como textos con finalidades comunicativas relacionadas con el asentamiento de actos de habla de queja o desaprobación y aceptar, en consecuencia, que el potencial argumentativo que subyace a las interrogaciones retóricas comporta la idoneidad de las mismas en el marco textual indicado. En último término, se proponen unos mecanismos descriptivos básicos para evidenciar las correspondencias entre estructura formal e interpretación retórica de enunciados interrogativos.

  5. Application of RetCamⅡ in the screening of neonatal fundus disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhi-Gang Xiao

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To investigate the safe and reliable examination method for neonatal fundus screening.METHODS: Fundus information of 2 836 neonates performed by RetCamⅡ in our hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, including 1 625 cases(57.30%of premature infants which were first examined 1-4 weeks after birth and 1 211 cases(42.70%of term infants which were first examined within 4 weeks after birth.RESULTS: Totally 454 cases of abnormalfundus were found, including 207 cases(12.74%of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP, ROPⅠ in 118 cases(57%, ROPⅡ in 58 cases(28.02%, ROPⅢ in 23 cases(11.11%, ROPⅣ in 8 cases(3.86%, no case of ROPV. A total of 247(20.40%term infants had abnormal fundus, of which 68 cases(27.53%were developmental or hereditary disease, retinoblastoma in 1 case(0.40%, retinal hemorrhage in 102 cases(41.30%, retinal exudative changes in 68 cases(27.53%, optic atrophy in 5 cases(2.02%and optic disc edema in 3 cases(1.21%.CONCLUSION: Neonatal fundus diseases were so various and harmful that early screening should be attended to. Premature infants and term infants with high risk are treated as focus group of fundus screening and RetCamII examination is safe and effective.

  6. Cidadania: ret?rica e realidade nas pol?ticas sociais de Manaus

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira, Raimundo Emerson Dourado

    2004-01-01

    Este trabalho discute os aspectos que norteiam a quest?o da cidadania, verificando o distanciamento que a ret?rica governamental adquire ao ser confrontada ? reprodu??o da pobreza e da exclus?o social no espa?o urbano de Manaus. Partimos do entendimento de que os programas assistenciais implantados nesta cidade podem se constituir em espa?o onde ? poss?vel observar, dentre outras quest?es que podem ser suscitadas no contexto das pol?ticas sociais no capitalismo perif?rico, as contradi??es que...

  7. Brugervejledning TEMPFO 4

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kloch, Søren; Pedersen, Thomas

    Denne publikation er en indføring i EDB-kørsel med dataprogrammet TEMPFO 4 beregnet med referenceårets vejrdata. Kørselsvejledningen indeholder dels beskrivelse af jobafviklingen på AUD's anlæg og dels beregningseksempel.......Denne publikation er en indføring i EDB-kørsel med dataprogrammet TEMPFO 4 beregnet med referenceårets vejrdata. Kørselsvejledningen indeholder dels beskrivelse af jobafviklingen på AUD's anlæg og dels beregningseksempel....

  8. Prophylactic thyroidectomy for asymptomatic 3-year-old boy with positive multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A mutation (codon 634

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ješić Maja D.

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction. The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A syndrome, comprising medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC, pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT is most frequently caused by codon 634 activating mutations of the RET (rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene on chromosome 10. For this codon-mutation carriers, earlier thyroidectomy (before the age of 5 years would be advantageous in limiting the potential for the development of MTC as well as parathyroid adenomas. Case Outline. This is a case report of 3-year-old boy from the MEN 2A family (the boy’s father and grandmother and paternal aunt in which cysteine substitutes for phenylalanine at codon 634 in exon 11 of the RET proto-oncogene, who underwent thyroidectomy solely on the basis of genetic information. A boy had no thyromegaly, thyroidal irregularities or lymphadenopathy and no abnormality on the neck ultrasound examination. The pathology finding of thyroid gland was negative for MTC. Two years after total thyroidectomy, 5-year-old boy is healthy with permanent thyroxine replacement. His serum calcitonin level is <2 pg/ml (normal <13 pg/ml, has normal serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels and negative urinary catecholamines. Long-term follow-up of this patient is required to determine whether very early thyroidectomy improves the long-term outcome of PHPT. Conclusion. Children with familial antecedents of MEN 2A should be genetically studied for the purpose of determining the risk of MTC and assessing the possibilities of making prophylactic thyroidectomy before the age of 5 years.

  9. The fps/fes proto-oncogene regulates hematopoietic lineage output.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sangrar, Waheed; Gao, Yan; Zirngibl, Ralph A; Scott, Michelle L; Greer, Peter A

    2003-12-01

    The fps/fes proto-oncogene is abundantly expressed in myeloid cells, and the Fps/Fes cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase is implicated in signaling downstream from hematopoietic cytokines, including interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and erythropoietin (EPO). Studies using leukemic cell lines have previously suggested that Fps/Fes contributes to granulomonocytic differentiation, and that it might play a more selective role in promoting survival and differentiation along the monocytic pathway. In this study we have used a genetic approach to explore the role of Fps/Fes in hematopoiesis. We used transgenic mice that tissue-specifically express a mutant human fps/fes transgene (fps(MF)) that was engineered to encode Fps/Fes kinase that is activated through N-terminal myristoylation (MFps). Hematopoietic function was assessed using lineage analysis, hematopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming assays, and biochemical approaches. fps(MF) transgenic mice displayed a skewed hematopoietic output reflected by increased numbers of circulating granulocytic and monocytic cells and a corresponding decrease in lymphoid cells. Bone marrow colony assays of progenitor cells revealed a significant increase in the number of both granulomonocytic and multi-lineage progenitors. A molecular analysis of signaling in mature monocytic cells showed that MFps promoted GM-CSF-induced STAT3, STAT5, and ERK1/2 activation. These observations support a role for Fps/Fes in signaling pathways that contribute to lineage determination at the level of multi-lineage hematopoietic progenitors as well as the more committed granulomonocytic progenitors.

  10. Technical evaluation of RETS-required reports for Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Station, Units 1, 2, and 3, for 1983

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Young, T.E.; Magleby, E.H.

    1985-01-01

    A review was performed of reports required by federal regulations and the plant-specific radiological effluent technical specifications (RETS) for operations conducted at Tennessee Valley Authority's Browns Ferry Nuclear Station, Units 1, 2, and 3, during 1983. The two periodic reports reviewed were (a) the Effluents and Waste Disposal Semiannual Report, First Half 1983 and (b) the Effluents and Waste Disposal Semiannual Report, Second Half 1983. The principal review guidelines were the plant's specific RETs and NRC guidance given in NUREG-0133, ''Preparation of Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants.'' The Licensee's submitted reports were found to be reasonably complete and consistent with the review guidelines

  11. La e-migración: un nuevo espacio para pensar la retórica de la integración en las políticas migratorias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio Nihil Olivera Cajiga

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo, basado en un estudio comparativo de migrantes franceses y ecuatorianos en Barcelona, discute la retórica de la integración en las políticas migratorias dentro del contexto de las tecnologías de la información y la comunica­ción (TIC. Los resultados que se presentan permiten problematizar las relaciones de los migrantes en Barcelona a partir de sus prácticas sociales en las TICs, así como también plantear la existencia de unas características tecnológicas, geográficas y sociales (TGS que crean un nuevo espacio que llamamos e-migración. Se argumenta en este artículo que el discurso de la integración y las TICs, que forma parte de la retórica de las administraciones de gobierno catalana, ocultan desigualdades estructurales entre los migrantes comunitarios y no comunitarios. El estudio de caso de franceses y ecuatorianos migrantes en Cataluña es una muestra de cómo se gestiona la diversidad en clave cultura para categorizar a determinadas poblaciones y no para integrarlas. Palabras clave: integración, política, e-migración, ecuatorianos, franceses, TIC, Barcelona, retórica.   E-migration: a new space to think the rhetoric of integration in migration policies  Abstract This article, based on a comparative study of French and Ecuadorian migrants in Barcelona, discusses the rhetoric of integration in migration policies within the context of information and communication technologies (ICT. The results presented allow to question the relationship of migrants in Barcelona taking into account their ICT social practices, as well as propose the existence of technological, geographical and social (TGS characteristics to create a new space we call e-migration. It is argued in this article that the discourse of integration and ICT, which is part of the rhetoric of the Catalan government administrations, hides structural inequalities between migrants from EU and outside of the EU. The case study of French and Ecuadorian

  12. El discurso político del hábitat. Algunas consideraciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brigette Taryn Cortés Ortiz

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El hábitat se concibe en este artículo como un fenómeno político, y la política se mueve dentro del campo institucional que ha creado. Este documento explora la dimensión lingüística que conecta estos campos, puesto que el concepto de hábitat es un constructo semántico y retórico. Lo que se hace aquí es revisar las teorizaciones que al respecto hacen tres autores: Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu y Teun Van Dijk, y su interconexión, haciendo referencia constante al hábitat como problema discursivo, y dejando claros los cimientos que permitan un análisis del discurso político, con el objetivo de esclarecer una lógica de dominación.

  13. Ruralidad y discurso: del caso español al de Cantabria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eloy Gómez-Pellón

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available La reforma de la Política Agraria Comunitaria (PAC en 1992 por parte de la Unión Europea, en aras de lo que desde entonces se denominará multifuncionalidad de los espacios rurales, hará de la conservación del paisaje y del medio natural, del mantenimiento del tejido social y del bienestar de las poblaciones locales, sus objetivos más ambiciosos. Como atributo del territorio, y en rima con el principio de la sostenibilidad, la multifuncionalidad estará llamada a proveer de bienes públicos a la sociedad en general. Pasado el tiempo, la retórica de la ruralidad, afianzada mediante la Agenda 2000 y las reformas de la PAC de 2003 y de 2004, ha creado la creciente ilusión de un inmenso mundo rural que supuestamente abarca la práctica totalidad del territorio de la Unión Europea, según parece desprenderse de la aplicación de criterios meramente cuantitativos. Paradójicamente, la Unión Europea se extiende sobre una de las áreas más urbanizadas del mundo, y sus habitantes han adoptado estilos de vida urbanos desde hace mucho tiempo. El presente trabajo muestra, a partir del análisis del caso español, por un lado, las dificultades insalvables para asumir esta concepción dicotómica del territorio y, por otro lado, cómo la multifuncionalidad de los espacios rurales esconde una multitud de paisajes sociales de la ruralidad.

  14. Lexías utilizadas por los estudiantes de noveno año del período lectivo 2009 del Instituto de Educación Integral para referirse a personas homosexuales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronald Campos López

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se identifican las lexías utilizadas para referirse a las personas homosexuales por los estudiantes de noveno del período lectivo 2009 del Instituto de Educación Integral de Las Nubes, Coronado, Costa Rica; esto con el fin de determinar la frecuencia de uso, situaciones comunicativas y carácter semántico de estas palabras, según la conceptualización constructivista de esta retícula social cerrada (los adolescentes. A partir de estos datos, se analiza el nivel ideológico de aceptación y rechazo de estos jóvenes hacia la comunidad homosexual en general. Al final, se brindan criterios y recomendaciones a los docentes para el aprovechamiento y discusión sobre el uso de estas palabras en el aula.

  15. La grata dominación del humor publicitario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Elena del Carmen Pérez

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo se propone dar cuenta de las estrategias con que el humor hace emerger, en el contexto general de los discursos, aquellos fragmentos omitidos por el decir oficial. Por su naturaleza de articulador ideológico, el texto publicitario (como todo texto remite a lo ya dicho en un estado dado de sociedad. En este sentido, resulta interesante observar qué fragmentos del discurso social recoge la publicidad humorística, con qué retórica los hace risibles y quiénes son aquellos sobre los que recae la risa. Se comentan avisos que son emitidos actualmente por canales de cable o aire en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina.

  16. Establishment of a non-tumorigenic papillary thyroid cell line (FB-2) carrying the RET/PTC1 rearrangement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Basolo, Fulvio; Giannini, Riccardo; Toniolo, Antonio; Casalone, Rosario; Nikiforova, Marina; Pacini, Furio; Elisei, Rossella; Miccoli, Paolo; Berti, Piero; Faviana, Pinuccia; Fiore, Lisa; Monaco, Carmen; Pierantoni, Giovanna Maria; Fedele, Monica; Nikiforov, Yuri E; Santoro, Massimo; Fusco, Alfredo

    2002-02-10

    A novel human thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line (FB-2) has been established and characterized. FB-2 cells harbor the RET/PTC1 chimeric oncogene in which the RET kinase domain is fused to the H4 gene. FB-2 cells neither formed colonies in semisolid media nor induced tumors after heterotransplant into severe combined immunodeficient mice. However, HMGI(Y), HMGI-C and c-myc genes, which are associated to thyroid cell transformation, were abundantly expressed in FB-2 cells but not in normal thyroid cells. FB-2 cells only partially retained the differentiated thyroid phenotype. In fact, the PAX-8 gene, which codes for a transcriptional factor required for thyroid cell differentiation, was expressed, while thyroglobulin, TSH-receptor and thyroperoxidase genes were not. Moreover, FB-2 cells produced high levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  17. La protección penal del medio ambiente. Análisis del art. 338 del Código Penal colombiano sobre minería ilegal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastián Felipe Sánchez Zapata

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available El estudio de la criminalidad medio-ambiental comprende todo un elenco de problemas jurídico-penales de muy difícil solución. Basta acudir a las dificultades que sobresalen al momento de definir el bien jurídico protegido, el desvalor de acción y resultado, las leyes penales en blanco, la relación de causalidad, etc. Un acercamiento, aunque sea superficial, a las dificultades ínsitas de estas categorías revela el uso que se está dando, en nuestro contexto, a la retórica apuesta del legislador por proteger concretos objetos materiales como los yacimientos mineros, las aguas y el material de arrastre. El texto, desde una perspectiva penal, expone la realidad de la  minería ilegal en Colombia y las formas institucionales de reacción contra ella.

  18. Risøs virksomhedsregnskab 1999. Opfølgning på planerne for året 1999

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Forskningscenter Risø, Roskilde

    2000-01-01

    Risøs Virksomhedsregnskab 1999 er en opfølgning på planerne for Risøs virksomhed i 1999. Risøs bestyrelse skal som led i resultatkontrakten med Forskningsministeriet aflægge årlige rapporter om opfyldelsen af de fastlagte resultatkrav. Derudover gives engenerel overordnet rapportering af årets re...

  19. Variants in RET Associated With Hirschsprung's Disease Affect Binding of Transcription Factors and Gene Expression

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sribudiani, Yunia; Metzger, Marco; Osinga, Jan; Rey, Amanda; Burns, Alan J.; Thapar, Nikhil; Hofstra, Robert M. W.

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Two noncoding variations in RET-the T allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2435357 (Enh1:C>T) and the A allele of the SNP rs2506004 (Enh2:C>A)-are associated with Hirschsprung's disease. These SNPs are in strong linkage disequilibrium and located in an enhancer

  20. Exorcismos del lenguaje. Letanías e incomunicación: voces de Chernóbil.

    OpenAIRE

    García Pérez, Manuel

    2009-01-01

    Frente a la actual retórica política de discursos informativamente previsibles donde la deslexicalización de los conceptos es cada vez más frecuente, existen publicaciones marginales que reflejan crudos testimonios de realidades objetivables no contempladas por los discursos mediáticos de las actuales socialdemocracias. La inefabilidad del dolor se transcribe entonces en una fragmentación recurrente de estructuras expresivas, más allá de la mitificación de convenciones lingüísticas tan repeti...

  1. SorLA controls neurotrophic activity by sorting of GDNF and its receptors GFRα1 and RET

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Glerup, Simon; Lume, Maria; Olsen, Ditte

    2013-01-01

    is targeted to lysosomes and degraded while GFRα1 recycles, creating an efficient GDNF clearance pathway. The SorLA/GFRα1 complex further targets RET for endocytosis but not for degradation, affecting GDNF-induced neurotrophic activities. SorLA-deficient mice display elevated GDNF levels, altered dopaminergic...

  2. Caminhos retóricos e sorrisos incômodos : argumentação e humor em "A encalhada", de Ingrid Guimarães e Aloísio Abre

    OpenAIRE

    Ferraz, Luana

    2015-01-01

    Esta dissertação aborda a construção retórica da comicidade em peças teatrais. Para tanto, propõe a investigação das estratégias retóricas que enfatizam o efeito cômico no esquete “A encalhada”, de Ingrid Guimarães e Aloísio de Abreu – uma das nove cenas que compõem o espetáculo Cócegas (EMI, 2004), interpretado pelas atrizes brasileiras Heloísa Périssé e Ingrid Guimarães. O embasamento teórico para este trabalho é fornecido, principalmente, pelos tratados da Retórica Antiga...

  3. VizieR Online Data Catalog: The 4 brightest red giants in the UFD galaxy Ret 2 (Roederer+, 2016)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roederer, I. U.; Mateo, M.; Bailey, J. I., III; Song, Y.; Bell, E. F.; Crane, J. D.; Loebman, S.; Nidever, D. L.; Olszewski, E. W.; Shectman, S. A.; Thompson, I. B.; Valluri, M.; Walker, M. G.

    2018-03-01

    There are only four stars brighter than the horizontal branch that are confirmed members of Ret 2 (Simon et al. 2015, J/ApJ/808/95; Walker et al. 2015, J/ApJ/808/108). We observed these four stars using one arm of the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) and MSpec double spectrograph (Bailey et al. 2012SPIE.8446E..5GB; Mateo et al. 2012SPIE.8446E..4YM) mounted on the Nasmyth platform at the 6.5 m Landon Clay Telescope (Magellan II) at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. We observed four high-probability members of Ret 2 and one blank sky position simultaneously on 2015 November 14 and 16, with a total integration time of 6.67 hr. Both observations were taken in dark time. (4 data files).

  4. Mitochondria-Targeted Nitroxide, Mito-CP, Suppresses Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Survival In Vitro and In Vivo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Starenki, Dmytro

    2013-01-01

    Context: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor mainly caused by mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. For MTC therapy, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved vandetanib and cabozantinib, multikinase inhibitors targeting RET and other tyrosine kinase receptors of vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, or hepatocyte growth factor. Nevertheless, not all patients with the progressive MTC respond to these drugs, requiring the development of additional therapeutic modalities that have distinct activity. Objective: We aimed to evaluate mitochondria-targeted carboxy-proxyl (Mito-CP), a mitochondria-targeted redox-sensitive agent, for its tumor-suppressive efficacy against MTC. Design: In vitro cultures of 2 human MTC cell lines, TT and MZ-CRC-1, and TT xenografts in mice were treated with Mito-CP in comparison with vandetanib. The effects on cell survival/death, RET expression, mitochondrial integrity, and oxidative stress were determined. Results: Contrary to vandetanib, Mito-CP induced RET downregulation and strong cytotoxic effects in both cell lines in vitro, including caspase-dependent apoptosis. These effects were accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization, decreased oxygen consumption, and increased oxidative stress in cells. Intriguingly, Mito-CP–induced cell death, but not RET downregulation, was partially inhibited by the reactive oxygen species scavenger, N-acetyl-cysteine, indicating that Mito-CP mediates tumor-suppressive effects via redox-dependent as well as redox-independent mechanisms. Orally administered Mito-CP effectively suppressed TT xenografts in mice, with an efficacy comparable to vandetanib and relatively low toxicity to animals. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Mito-CP can effectively suppress MTC cell growth/survival via a mechanism distinct from vandetanib effects. Mitochondrial targeting may be a potential strategy for MTC therapy. PMID:23509102

  5. La (reconstrucció visual i retòrica de Jaume I a la Festa de l’Estendard de Mallorca durant l’època foral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesc Granell Sales

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Resum: L’article pretén adverar de quina manera es configurava i s’identificava la figura del rei en Jaume a la Festa de l’Estendard, la commemoració anual de la conquesta cristiana de la ciutat de Mallorca, mitjançant l’anàlisi dels elements visuals i retòrics planificats per al desenvolupament d’aquella. Cal parar atenció, concretament, a dos d’aquests elements: el portaestandard que anava a cavall ben abillat amb armadura i altres objectes i l’eloqüent prèdica –coneguda com el Sermó de la Conquesta– que pronunciava un clergue acreditat per a tal funció.   Paraules clau: Jaume I, imatge règia, festes de la Baixa Edat Mitjana, iconografia del poder, Regne de Mallorca Abstract: This paper attempts to discuss the manner in which the image of king James I was customized and established in the Festa de l’Estendard, the annual commemoration ceremony of the christian conquest of the city of Mallorca. We will do so through an analysis of the visual and rhetorical elements planned for the unfolding of the ritual. One should focus particular attention on two of these elements: the standard bearer on horseback well attired in armour and other objects and the speech known as the «Sermó de la Conquesta» delivered by a cleric. Keywords: James I of Aragon, Royal Image, Late Medieval Ceremonies, Iconography of Power, Kingdom of Mallorca

  6. Proto-oncogene FBI-1 (Pokemon) and SREBP-1 Synergistically Activate Transcription of Fatty-acid Synthase Gene (FASN)*S⃞

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Won-Il; Jeon, Bu-Nam; Park, Hyejin; Yoo, Jung-Yoon; Kim, Yeon-Sook; Koh, Dong-In; Kim, Myung-Hwa; Kim, Yu-Ri; Lee, Choong-Eun; Kim, Kyung-Sup; Osborne, Timothy F.; Hur, Man-Wook

    2008-01-01

    FBI-1 (Pokemon/ZBTB7A) is a proto-oncogenic transcription factor of the BTB/POZ (bric-à-brac, tramtrack, and broad complex and pox virus zinc finger) domain family. Recent evidence suggested that FBI-1 might be involved in adipogenic gene expression. Coincidentally, expression of FBI-1 and fatty-acid synthase (FASN) genes are often increased in cancer and immortalized cells. Both FBI-1 and FASN are important in cancer cell proliferation. SREBP-1 is a major regulator of many adipogenic genes, and FBI-1 and SREBP-1 (sterol-responsive element (SRE)-binding protein 1) interact with each other directly via their DNA binding domains. FBI-1 enhanced the transcriptional activation of SREBP-1 on responsive promoters, pGL2-6x(SRE)-Luc and FASN gene. FBI-1 and SREBP-1 synergistically activate transcription of the FASN gene by acting on the proximal GC-box and SRE/E-box. FBI-1, Sp1, and SREBP-1 can bind to all three SRE, GC-box, and SRE/E-box. Binding competition among the three transcription factors on the GC-box and SRE/E-box appears important in the transcription regulation. FBI-1 is apparently changing the binding pattern of Sp1 and SREBP-1 on the two elements in the presence of induced SREBP-1 and drives more Sp1 binding to the proximal promoter with less of an effect on SREBP-1 binding. The changes induced by FBI-1 appear critical in the synergistic transcription activation. The molecular mechanism revealed provides insight into how proto-oncogene FBI-1 may attack the cellular regulatory mechanism of FASN gene expression to provide more phospholipid membrane components needed for rapid cancer cell proliferation. PMID:18682402

  7. El control social del gasto público en Brasil : Eficacia o retórica Mere?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Parra Leite

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available El sistema de control del gasto público y la vigilancia moderna también comprende el control social. Por lo tanto, este estudio versa sobre el control social de Brasil, para en- tender si es un simple programa de acción o ya se muestra como una herramienta impor- tante de eficiencia, moralidad y coherencia en la aplicación de los fondos públicos. Por lo tanto, se utilizó como marco teórico la Teoría de “Los Costes de los Derechos” y el enfo- que fue adoptado el método deductivo, buscando a través de la investigación (teorética, identificar el aparato legal nacional sobre el tema (la ley y la doctrina, principalmente y diferenciar los tres tipos de control del Estado, a saber, el control interno, control externo y el control social. Al final, señala las principales conclusiones sobre el estado actual de la técnica de esta última modalidad en Brasil y si ya tiene algún resultado que implica cam- bios positivos en el comportamiento administrador nacional hacia la eficiencia esperada.

  8. Science og gode læringsmiljøer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Broström, Stig; Frøkjær, Thorleif

    2018-01-01

    Science bliver ret sikkert en del af de nye, styrkede pædagogiske læreplaner. Her introducerer forfatterne begrebet, med eksempler, og med henvisninger til deres bog om samme emne......Science bliver ret sikkert en del af de nye, styrkede pædagogiske læreplaner. Her introducerer forfatterne begrebet, med eksempler, og med henvisninger til deres bog om samme emne...

  9. Bernal Díaz del Castillo, la memoria y la representación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Luisa Fischer

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan los procedimientos narrativos que verosimilizan la versión de la historia que define Bernal Díaz del Castillo. Se analiza la función que en el total del relato cumplen los capítulos de largos listados que lo cierran y, especialmente, el capítulo CCVI, dedicado a los retratos indistinguibles de los capitanes españoles de la Nueva España. Se muestra cómo la memoria privilegiada del cronista está funcionando bajo el predicamento de una retórica -en este caso, la del retrato del héroe, de origen medieval- que disputa su lugar frente a la pretendida reconstrucción de la experiencia por la vía única de la memoria. This work analyse the narrative procedures which Bernal Díaz del Castillo uses to make his version of history appear to be probable. The function of the long lists at the end of the story and, especially of Chapter CCVI, containing the indistinguishable portraits of New Spain's Spanish capitains is explained. How the chronicler's privileged memory functions as a rhetorical category -in this case, that of the portrait of a medieval hero- who argues his case for the pretended reconstruction of an experience based only on memory is shown.

  10. Effect of ionizing radiation on the biological activity of activated oncogenes and dormant proto-oncogenes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Angenent, G.C.; Berg, K.J. van den.

    1984-01-01

    The authors have studied the effect of ionizing radiation on the cloned human activated Ha-ras oncogene, on the Ha-ras gene in integrated form and on the dormant proto-oncogene murine c-mos using the NIH/3T3 transfection system. NIH/3T3 cells were transfected with DNA from the plasmid pT24 carrying the cloned Ha-ras oncogene of the T24 bladder carcinoma cell line. Various individual foci which developed were injected into nude mice. DNA was isolated from tumours, digested with the restriction enzyme Bam HI, electrophoresed on agarose and blotted onto nitrocellulose filter according to Southern. Hybridization with a pT24 probe showed that all the primary foci of transformed cells contained various fragments of the pT24 plasmid indicating that fibroblast transformation had been induced by introduction of the Ha-ras oncogene. (Auth.)

  11. Le facteur humain et la sûreté de fonctionnement dans le ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Notre contribution porte sur le rôle fondamental du facteur humain dans le management intégré des risques d'une part et du rôle déterminant qu'il peut avoir à jouer pour que la sûreté de fonctionnement réponde à sa propriété d'autre part. Un rôle illustré à travers une analyse de risque dans un complexe de Gaz Naturel ...

  12. Imperfect conformation of experimental and epidemiological data for frequency of RET/РТС gene rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinoma for the Chernobyl accident

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ushenkova L.N.

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available In an overview and analytical study of the epidemiological data on the frequency of RET/РТС gene rearrangements in sporadic and radiogenic (patients after radiotherapy, residents of contaminated after the Chernobyl disaster areas, victims after the atomic bombings, etc. carcinomas of the thyroid gland were examined. In general, the observed epidemiological laws were confirmed in radiobiology experiments by irradiation of different cultures of thyroid cells and ex vivo with the exception of Chernobyl cohorts. Induction of RET/РТС gene rearrangements by 131l exposure in children carcinomas of Chernobyl residents in mice did not observe too. It is concluded that the situation with the frequency of RET/РТС rearrangements in thyroid carcinoma in Chernobyl cohorts once again confirms the multifactorial nature of the induction and development of these tumors with a contribution of radiation and non-radiation factors (iodine deficiency and different stresses.

  13. Contradicciones del testimonio. Políticas de memoria y retóricas de la violencia en Chile postdictatorial

    OpenAIRE

    Peris Blanes, Jaume

    2008-01-01

    El artículo analiza la evolución de la función política y social de los testimonios y las intervenciones de los supervivientes, desde las primeras manifestaciones de denuncia de la dictadura de Pinochet hasta las políticas de memoria de la dictadura. Desde los primeros testimonios del exilio hasta la publicación del Informe sobre Torturas (2004) durante el gobierno de Ricardo Lagos, los testimonios de los supervivientes han cumplido funciones muy diferentes en la construcción de un sentido y ...

  14. Founder effect of the RET C611Y mutation in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A in Denmark

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mathiesen, Jes Sloth; Kroustrup, Jens Peter; Vestergaard, Peter

    2017-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A and 2B are caused by REarranged during Transfection (RET) germline mutations. In a recent nationwide study we reported of an unusually high prevalence (33%) of families with the C611Y mutation and hypothesized that this might be due to a founder...... effect. We conducted the first nationwide study of haplotypes in MEN2A families aiming to investigate the relatedness and occurrence of de novo mutations among Danish families carrying similar mutations. METHODS: The study included 21 apparently unrelated MEN2A families identified from a nationwide...... Danish RET cohort from 1994 to 2014. Twelve, two, two, three and two families carried the C611Y, C618F, C618Y, C620R and C634R mutation, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphism chip data and identity by descent analysis were used to assess relatedness. RESULTS: A common founder mutation was found...

  15. Regulation of the Na,K-ATPase gamma-subunit FXYD2 by Runx1 and Ret signaling in normal and injured non-peptidergic nociceptive sensory neurons.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stéphanie Ventéo

    Full Text Available Dorsal root ganglia (DRGs contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons which relay nociceptive, thermoceptive, mechanoceptive and proprioceptive information from peripheral tissues toward the central nervous system. These neurons establish constant communication with their targets which insures correct maturation and functioning of the somato-sensory nervous system. Interfering with this two-way communication leads to cellular, electrophysiological and molecular modifications that can eventually cause neuropathic conditions. In this study we reveal that FXYD2, which encodes the gamma-subunit of the Na,K-ATPase reported so far to be mainly expressed in the kidney, is induced in the mouse DRGs at postnatal stages where it is restricted specifically to the TrkB-expressing mechanoceptive and Ret-positive/IB4-binding non-peptidergic nociceptive neurons. In non-peptidergic nociceptors, we show that the transcription factor Runx1 controls FXYD2 expression during the maturation of the somato-sensory system, partly through regulation of the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret. Moreover, Ret signaling maintains FXYD2 expression in adults as demonstrated by the axotomy-induced down-regulation of the gene that can be reverted by in vivo delivery of GDNF family ligands. Altogether, these results establish FXYD2 as a specific marker of defined sensory neuron subtypes and a new target of the Ret signaling pathway during normal maturation of the non-peptidergic nociceptive neurons and after sciatic nerve injury.

  16. Analysis of RET promoter CpG island methylation using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), pyrosequencing, and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM): impact on stage II colon cancer patient outcome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Draht, Muriel X G; Smits, Kim M; Jooste, Valérie; Tournier, Benjamin; Vervoort, Martijn; Ramaekers, Chantal; Chapusot, Caroline; Weijenberg, Matty P; van Engeland, Manon; Melotte, Veerle

    2016-01-01

    Already since the 1990s, promoter CpG island methylation markers have been considered promising diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive cancer biomarkers. However, so far, only a limited number of DNA methylation markers have been introduced into clinical practice. One reason why the vast majority of methylation markers do not translate into clinical applications is lack of independent validation of methylation markers, often caused by differences in methylation analysis techniques. We recently described RET promoter CpG island methylation as a potential prognostic marker in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients of two independent series. In the current study, we analyzed the RET promoter CpG island methylation of 241 stage II colon cancer patients by direct methylation-specific PCR (MSP), nested-MSP, pyrosequencing, and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). All primers were designed as close as possible to the same genomic region. In order to investigate the effect of different DNA methylation assays on patient outcome, we assessed the clinical sensitivity and specificity as well as the association of RET methylation with overall survival for three and five years of follow-up. Using direct-MSP and nested-MSP, 12.0 % (25/209) and 29.6 % (71/240) of the patients showed RET promoter CpG island methylation. Methylation frequencies detected by pyrosequencing were related to the threshold for positivity that defined RET methylation. Methylation frequencies obtained by pyrosequencing (threshold for positivity at 20 %) and MS-HRM were 13.3 % (32/240) and 13.8 % (33/239), respectively. The pyrosequencing threshold for positivity of 20 % showed the best correlation with MS-HRM and direct-MSP results. Nested-MSP detected RET promoter CpG island methylation in deceased patients with a higher sensitivity (33.1 %) compared to direct-MSP (10.7 %), pyrosequencing (14.4 %), and MS-HRM (15.4 %). While RET methylation frequencies detected by nested

  17. La inserción del discurso nacionalista en la retórica del gobierno mexicano (1939-1948 y 1983-2002)

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Villanueva, Beatriz

    2017-01-01

    La construcción de las representaciones que se han desarrollado en México para asumir una identidad nacional ha referido el concurso de factores diversos. En los albores del siglo XX, tras la Revolución Mexicana que inició en 1910, los grupos políticos beneficiados por el movimiento armado asumieron el poder gubernamental, y su discurso se convirtió en uno de los principales referentes que caracterizaron un concepto de nacionalismo que intentó integrar a una sociedad heterogénea y desarticula...

  18. Investigation of the bacterial retting community of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing

    Science.gov (United States)

    The use of the natural fibers requires the development of cost-efficient processing of fibers with consistent, uniform properties. The microbial communities associated with kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) plant fibers during retting were determined in an effort to identify possible means of accelerating...

  19. Hypomethylation mediated by decreased DNMTs involves in the activation of proto-oncogene MPL in TK6 cells treated with hydroquinone.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Linhua; Ling, Xiaoxuan; Liang, Hairong; Gao, Yuting; Yang, Hui; Shao, Junli; Tang, Huanwen

    2012-03-25

    Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the most important metabolites derived from benzene, is known to be associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) risk, however, its carcinogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the epigenetic mechanism of HQ exposure was investigated. We characterized the epigenomic response of TK6 cells to HQ exposure, and examined the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) including DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) and six proto-oncogenes (MPL, RAF1, MYB, MYC, ERBB2 and BRAF). Compared to the control cells, HQ exposure (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μM for 48 h) resulted in the decrease of DNMTs and MBD2 expression, the global hypomethylation and increase of MPL at mRNA level. Meanwhile, most of these changes were in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of DNMTs induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), an identified DNMT inhibitor, caused more induction of MPL expression at mRNA level compared to the HQ (10.0 μM) pre-treated group. Furthermore, treatment of HQ potentially led to MPL itself hypomethylation (10.0 and 20.0 μM reduced by 47% and 44%, respectively), further revealing that the activation of proto-oncogene MPL was related to hypomethylation in its DNA sequences. In conclusion, hypomethylation, including global and specific hypomethylation, might be involved in the activation of MPL, and the hypomethylation could be induced by decreased DNMTs in TK6 cells exposed to HQ. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Tròpics de Shakespeare : orígens i originalitat del Hamlet català

    OpenAIRE

    Buffery, Helena

    2009-01-01

    Hamlet és una de les obres que més ha inspirat autors, actors, directors i dramaturgs catalans. De fet, es podria dir, com en altres cultures europees, que és l'obra que determina tota traducció i representació posterior de Shakespeare, i que marca els orígens de la seva influència en la tradició cultural europea. Aquest article presenta la història retòrica del Hamlet català mitjançant les traduccions, les adaptacions i altres formes de reescritura de l'obra, a més de la seva representació t...

  1. Methamphetamine induces apoptosis in immortalized neural cells: protection by the proto-oncogene, bcl-2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cadet, J L; Ordonez, S V; Ordonez, J V

    1997-02-01

    Methamphetamine (METH) is an amphetamine analog that produces degeneration of the dopaminergic system in mammals. The neurotoxic effects of the drug are thought to be mediated by oxygen-based free radicals. In the present report, we have used immortalized neural cells obtained from rat mesencephalon in order to further assess the role of oxidative stress in METH-induced neurotoxicity. We thus tested if the anti-death proto-oncogene, bcl-2 could protect against METH-induced cytotoxicity. METH caused dose-dependent loss of cellular viability in control cells while bcl-2-expressing cells were protected against these deleterious effects. Using flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, and DNA electrophoresis, we also show that METH exposure can cause DNA strand breaks, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and DNA laddering. All these changes were prevented by bcl-2 expression. These observations provide further support for the involvement of oxidative stress in the toxic effects of amphetamine analogs. They also document that METH-induced cytotoxicity is secondary to apoptosis. These findings may be of relevance to the cause(s) of Parkinson's disease which involves degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.

  2. Expression of the Pokemon proto-oncogene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and tissues.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiao, Wei; Liu, Fei; Tang, Feng-Zhu; Lan, Jiao; Xiao, Rui-Ping; Chen, Xing-Zhou; Ye, Hui-Lan; Cai, Yong-Lin

    2013-01-01

    To study the differentiated expression of the proto-oncogene Pokemon in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and tissues, mRNA and protein expression levels of CNE1, CNE2, CNE3 and C666-1 were detected separately by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR and Western-blotting. The immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69 was used as a control. The Pokemon protein expression level in biopsy specimens from chronic rhinitis patients and undifferentiated non keratinizing NPC patients was determined by Western-blotting and arranged from high to low: C666-1>CNE1>CNE2> CNE3>NP69. The Pokemon mRNA expression level was also arranged from high to low: CNE1>CNE2>NP69>C666-1>CNE3. Pokemon expression of NP69 and C666-1 obviously varied from mRNA to protein. The Pokemon protein level of NPC biopsy specimens was obviously higher than in chronic rhinitis. The data suggest that high Pokemon protein expression is closely associated with undifferentiated non-keratinizing NPC and may provide useful information for NPC molecular target therapy.

  3. Epigenetics in Medullary Thyroid Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Targeted Therapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vitale, Giovanni; Dicitore, Alessandra; Messina, Erika; Sciammarella, Concetta; Faggiano, Antongiulio; Colao, Annamaria

    2016-01-01

    Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are implicated in the pathogenesis of MTC. Germline activating mutations of this gene have been reported in about 88-98% of familial MTCs, while somatic mutations of RET gene have been detected in about 23-70% of sporadic forms. Although these genetic events are well characterized, much less is known about the role of epigenetic abnormalities in MTC. The present review reports a detailed description of epigenetic abnormalities (DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA profile), probably involved in the pathogenesis and progression of MTC. A systematic review was performed using Pubmed and Google patents databases. We report the current understanding of epigenetic patterns in MTC and discuss the potential use of current knowledge in designing novel therapeutic strategies through epigenetic drugs, focusing on recent patents in this field. Taking into account the reversibility of epigenetic alterations and the recent development in this field, epigenetic therapy may emerge for clinical use in the near future for patients with advanced MTC.

  4. Nuclear molecular imaging of paragangliomas; Imagerie moleculaire nucleaire des paragangliomes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Taieb, D.; Tessonnier, L.; Mundler, O. [Service central de biophysique et de medecine nucleaire, CHU de la Timone, 13 - Marseille (France)

    2010-08-15

    Paragangliomas (PGL) are relatively rare neural crest tumors originating in the adrenal medulla (usually called pheochromocytoma), chemoreceptors (i.e., carotid and aortic bodies) or autonomic ganglia. These tumors are highly vascular, usually benign and slow-growing. PGL may occur as sporadic or familial entities, the latter mostly in association with germline mutations of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) B, SDHC, SDHD, SDH5, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), ret proto-oncogene (RET), neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) (von Recklinghausen's disease), prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) genes and TMEM127. Molecular nuclear imaging has a central role in characterization of PGL and include: somatostatin receptor imaging ({sup 111}In, {sup 68}Ga), MIBG scintigraphy ({sup 131}I, {sup 123}I), {sup 18}F-dihydroxy-phenylalanine ({sup 18}F-DOPA) positron emission tomography (PET), and {sup 18}F-deoxyglucose ({sup 18}F-FDG) PET. The choice of the tracer is not yet fully established but the work-up of familial forms often require the combination of multiple approaches. (authors)

  5. Phylogenetic analysis of the kenaf fiber microbial retting community by semiconductor sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kenaf, hemp, and jute have been used for cordage and fiber production since prehistory. To obtain the fibers, harvested plants are soaked in ponds where indigenous microflora digests pectins and other heteropolysaccharides, releasing fibers in a process called retting. Renewed interest in “green” ...

  6. Selective Mitochondrial Uptake of MKT-077 Can Suppress Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Survival and

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dmytro Starenki

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available BackgroundMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC is a neuroendocrine tumor mainly caused by mutations in the rearranged during transfection (RET proto-oncogene. Not all patients with progressive MTC respond to current therapy inhibiting RET, demanding additional therapeutic strategies. We recently demonstrated that disrupting mitochondrial metabolism using a mitochondria-targeted agent or by depleting a mitochondrial chaperone effectively suppressed human MTC cells in culture and in mouse xenografts by inducing apoptosis and RET downregulation. These observations led us to hypothesize that mitochondria are potential therapeutic targets for MTC. This study further tests this hypothesis using1-ethyl-2-[[3-ethyl-5-(3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-yliden]-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidenemethyl] pyridinium chloride (MKT-077, a water-soluble rhodocyanine dye analogue, which can selectively accumulate in mitochondria.MethodsThe effects of MKT-077 on cell proliferation, survival, expression of RET and tumor protein 53 (TP53, and mitochondrial activity were determined in the human MTC lines in culture and in mouse xenografts.ResultsMKT-077 induced cell cycle arrest in TT and MZ-CRC-1. Intriguingly, MKT-077 also induced RET downregulation and strong cell death responses in TT cells, but not in MZ-CRC-1 cells. This discrepancy was mainly due to the difference between the capacities of these cell lines to retain MKT-077 in mitochondria. The cytotoxicity of MKT-077 in TT cells was mainly attributed to oxidative stress while being independent of TP53. MKT-077 also effectively suppressed tumor growth of TT xenografts.ConclusionMKT-077 can suppress cell survival of certain MTC subtypes by accumulating in mitochondria and interfering with mitochondrial activity although it can also suppress cell proliferation via other mechanisms. These results consistently support the hypothesis that mitochondrial targeting has therapeutic potential for MTC.

  7. Changes in Teachers' Beliefs and Classroom Practices Concerning Inquiry-Based Instruction Following a Year-Long RET-PLC Program

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miranda, Rommel J.; Damico, Julie B.

    2015-01-01

    This mixed-methods study examines how engaging science teachers in a summer Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) followed by an academic-year Professional Learning Community (PLC) focused on translating teacher research experiences to inquiry-based classroom lessons might facilitate changes in their beliefs and classroom practices regarding…

  8. Estratégias Retóricas de Legitimação nos Relatórios da Administração: Respostas ao Movimento Antitabagista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Cipriano Dias Raffaelli

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available O movimento antitabagista brasileiro impulsionou o desenvolvimento de peças regulatórias que desafiaram a legitimidade das empresas do setor. As organizações podem adotar ações estratégicas retóricas, visando ganhar, manter ou recuperar legitimidade. Tais ações são evidenciadas em Relatórios da Administração (RA por se caracterizarem como instrumentos de comunicação social. Desse modo, o presente artigo almeja identificar como a empresa líder do setor tabagista, a Souza Cruz S/A, utilizou os conteúdos dos RAs como instrumento de estratégia retórica de legitimação, no período de 1986 a 2012. O Institucionalismo Organizacional foi utilizado como referencial teórico, e a metodologia para tratamento dos dados foi a análise de conteúdo. Evidenciou-se que a Souza Cruz S/A empreendeu esforços para manter sua legitimidade no período analisado, intensificando o uso de apelos retóricos (ethos, pathos e logos em defesa dos argumentos: (a fumar é uma escolha racional adulta; (b a legislação favorece o comércio ilegal de cigarros; e (c as atividades da empresa beneficiam a sociedade. Assim, este trabalho destaca os RAs como fonte de análise em estudos organizacionais, evidencia a retórica como possibilidade estratégica e propícia aos gestores reflexões acerca da influência do ambiente nas estratégias organizacionais.

  9. Relações retóricas estabelecidas por orações gerundiais adverbiais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliano Desiderato Antonio

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é propor critérios para identificação das relações implícitas estabelecidas por orações gerundiais adverbiais em um corpus formado por elocuções formais (aulas e entrevistas. Para isso, tomam-se como fundamento teórico da pesquisa duas teorias funcionalistas, a Teoria da Estrutura Retórica do Texto (RST e a Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (GDF. Na visão da RST, além do conteúdo explícito veiculado pelas orações de um texto, há proposições implícitas que surgem das relações que se estabelecem entre partes do texto. Foram utilizados os parâmetros da GDF, factualidade, pressuposição, e as camadas dos níveis representacional e interpessoal em que ocorrem as orações para a identificação das relações retóricas estabelecidas pelas orações gerundiais adverbiais. Foram encontradas relações de meio, de resultado, de condição e de propósito, o que não significa que não se reconheça, neste trabalho, que outras relações como tempo (anterioridade, posterioridade, simultaneidade, concessão, causa, dentre outras, podem ser estabelecidas por orações gerundiais adverbiais. Os parâmetros da GDF demonstraram ser eficientes na identificação das relações.

  10. Multitudes católicas, sociedad de masas y política en la Argentina. Reflexiones a partir del Congreso Eucarístico Nacional de 1940

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Mauro

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo aborda la conformación de multitudes católicas durante el Congreso Eucarístico Nacional de 1940, celebrado en la ciudad de Santa Fe (Argentina, desde una perspectiva sociocultural que destaca la multidimensionalidad del fenómeno y los vínculos entre el catolicismo y la sociedad de masas. Con dicho fin, el Congreso es analizado a través de diferentes claves: la cultura de masas, la industria del turismo, el discurso publicitario, el consumo, la lógica del espectáculo. Finalmente, a la luz de los resultados obtenidos, se ensaya un análisis de la dimensión política, con el propósito de comprender el modo en que dichos procesos alimentaron la retórica del “mito de la nación católica” y contribuyeron a fortalecer las posiciones de la Iglesia católica en la política argentina del siglo xx.

  11. Juristas y Teólogos en el Siglo XIV Ibérico: La retórica del antisemitismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Gayoso

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata de la introducción de las distintas teorías filosóficas y teológicas producidas en las universidades europeas de los siglos XIII y XIV en la Península Ibérica, y de cómo ellas afectaron y contribuyeron a transformar las relaciones multiculturales que caracterizaban la vida social, intelectual y legal hispánica hasta mediados del siglo XIV. Más específicamente, mi propósito es tratar aquí la influencia de la introducción del escotismo en este contexto, el cual los historiadores han denominado Convivencia.

  12. The increased incidence of the RET p.Gly691Ser variant in French-Canadian vesicoureteric reflux patients is not replicated by a larger study in Ireland.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Darlow, John M

    2012-02-01

    The p.Gly691Ser variant of the RET protein, resulting from the \\'A\\' allele of the SNP rs1799939 in exon 11 of the RET gene, was recently found to be present in a high proportion of primary vesicoureteric reflux (pVUR) patients in Quebec. We have determined the genotype of this SNP in 221 unrelated index cases of pVUR from the Irish population, in 190 full siblings of 160 of the index cases, and in 592 healthy controls. We found no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies in patients and controls, and no tendency of affected siblings to share the same genotype. We also found no difference in the presence of additional phenotypic features such as duplex kidneys, between patients with and without the \\'A\\' allele, and no difference in grade of reflux. We find no evidence of any influence of RET SNP rs1799939 on pVUR phenotype.

  13. A interação retórico-discursiva e suas múltiplas variáveis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melliandro Mendes Galinari

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo procura construir uma visão de conjunto acercados elementos envolvidos numa interação retórico-discursiva e suasrespectivas designações teórico-conceituais. A enunciação, vista sobuma ótica argumentativa e entendida como um processo comunicativoestabelecido entre uma instância de produção e outra de recepção dodiscurso, institui-se pela atuação de inúmeras variáveis. Comoexemplo, pode-se citar os próprios argumentos veiculados pelodiscurso (logos, ethos e pathos, as modalidades possíveis de adesão(teses, ações e emoções, o gênero discursivo/textual e uma série defatores situacionais (orador, auditório, elementos dóxicos,características sócio-históricas, etc.. O artigo, enfim, salienta aimportância de se levar em consideração, conjuntamente, taiselementos durante uma análise discursiva e procura aproximar aAnálise do Discurso da Retórica e da Sofística.

  14. La sacralització del territori en l’oratòria del barroc valencià

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antoni López Quiles

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Resum: El sermó barroc és una proposta de comprensió del món, el qual era considerat com un enigma a desxifrar. Per a donar explicació d’aquells enigmes, els predicadors desenvoluparan les homilies d’acord amb uns esquemes d’elaboració molt rígids que intenten donar resposta a la triple exigència que tenia la retòrica tradicional de docere, flectere et delectare, i que recolzen en tots els recursos literaris al seu abast. A partir de l’esforç d’explicar el món, l’orador àulic del barroc insistirà en la idea de sacralitzar els ambients vitals, tant el lloc com el temps. L’article dóna raó d’eixe intent sacralitzador de la vida, concretat, en aquest cas, a l’espai viscut.Paraules clau: Oratòria sagrada, Sermons, Barroc, Sacralització del territoriAbstract: The baroque sermon is a way of comprehension of the world, which was considered to be a enigma to deciphering. To give an explanation of those enigmas, the preachers will develop the homilies following very rigid schemes trying to give response to the triple exigency that the traditional rhetoric had of docere, flectere te delectare, and that they make it rest on all the literary resources to their reach. From the effort to explain the world, the baroque aulic speaker will insist on the idea of sanctifying vital environments, both the place and the time. The article gives an account of this sanctified attempt of the life, embodied in this case, in the lived space.Keywords: Sacred Oratory, Sermons, Baroque, Sanctify the territory

  15. Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Slamon, D J; Godolphin, W; Jones, L A; Holt, J A; Wong, S G; Keith, D E; Levin, W J; Stuart, S G; Udove, J; Ullrich, A

    1989-05-12

    Carcinoma of the breast and ovary account for one-third of all cancers occurring in women and together are responsible for approximately one-quarter of cancer-related deaths in females. The HER-2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified in 25 to 30 percent of human primary breast cancers and this alteration is associated with disease behavior. In this report, several similarities were found in the biology of HER-2/neu in breast and ovarian cancer, including a similar incidence of amplification, a direct correlation between amplification and over-expression, evidence of tumors in which overexpression occurs without amplification, and the association between gene alteration and clinical outcome. A comprehensive study of the gene and its products (RNA and protein) was simultaneously performed on a large number of both tumor types. This analysis identified several potential shortcomings of the various methods used to evaluate HER-2/neu in these diseases (Southern, Northern, and Western blots, and immunohistochemistry) and provided information regarding considerations that should be addressed when studying a gene or gene product in human tissue. The data presented further support the concept that the HER-2/neu gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of some human cancers.

  16. Montaigne y la inmensidad del mundo : «una perpetua multiplicación y vicisitud de formas» = Montaigne and the immensity of the world : «a perpetual multiplication and vicissitude of forms»

    OpenAIRE

    Bayod, Jordi

    2013-01-01

    Podría pensarse que la idea de la inmensidad del mundo aparece en Montaigne sólo como un recurso retórico empleado con una finalidad pedagógicomoral. Pero el examen de las distintas páginas de los Ensayos que se ocupan del tema muestra hasta qué punto tiene también una dimensión filosófica. En particular, en el capítulo «Des coches» Montaigne toma partido con notable rotundidad por un universo sin límites ni espaciales ni temporales poblado por una infinidad de formas en perpetua vicisitud. L...

  17. Una retórica de la influencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecilia González

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Entre las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y las primeras del XX se publica en el Río de la Plata un número considerable de relatos anclados en los debates que recorren la cultura europea del momento y que giran en torno a fenómenos de influencia. Este denominador común se declina, según los textos, en una serie de temas privilegiados : hipnosis, sugestión, herencia, mimetismo, vampirismo, parasitismo, emanación de todo tipo de rayos, ondas y fluidos capaces de modificar el comportamiento de un ...

  18. La dama fantasma y el monstruo del lago: Narración, ciencia y creencias en actuaciones discursivas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Inés Palleiro

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, examino la dinámica entre ficción e historia, ciencia y creencia, en versiones de dos matrices folklóricas de distintas latitudes: la dama fantasma en sus distintos nombres —desde Rufina Cambacères a Frederike von Grotes y Matilde de Canossa— y el monstruo del lago, conocido como el Nahuelito, en una versión local del monstruo de Loch Ness. Trabajo con relatos registrados en contextos diversos y en soportes diferentes, que incluyen los circuitos mediáticos. Examino en ellos la articulación retórica del mensaje, cuyo contenido semántico se relaciona con creencias colectivas, entendidas como enunciados cuyo valor de verdad depende de un acuerdo intersubjetivo. Analizo la dinámica entre el saber experto de las ciencias y la narrativa de creencias, que intenta dar una respuesta totalizadora a problemas tales como la finitud de la vida o el temor a lo desconocido, para los cuales la ciencia canónica no brinda una respuesta satisfactoria.

  19. The SKI proto-oncogene enhances the in vivo repopulation of hematopoietic stem cells and causes myeloproliferative disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singbrant, Sofie; Wall, Meaghan; Moody, Jennifer; Karlsson, Göran; Chalk, Alistair M; Liddicoat, Brian; Russell, Megan R; Walkley, Carl R; Karlsson, Stefan

    2014-04-01

    The proto-oncogene SKI is highly expressed in human myeloid leukemia and also in murine hematopoietic stem cells. However, its operative relevance in these cells remains elusive. We have over-expressed SKI to define its intrinsic role in hematopoiesis and myeloid neoplasms, which resulted in a robust competitive advantage upon transplantation, a complete dominance of the stem and progenitor compartments, and a marked enhancement of myeloid differentiation at the expense of other lineages. Accordingly, enforced expression of SKI induced a gene signature associated with hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid differentiation, as well as hepatocyte growth factor signaling. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to what has generally been assumed, the significant impact of SKI on hematopoiesis is independent of its ability to inhibit TGF-beta signaling. Instead, myeloid progenitors expressing SKI are partially dependent on functional hepatocyte growth factor signaling. Collectively our results demonstrate that SKI is an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell activity and its overexpression leads to myeloproliferative disease.

  20. Sergio Bravo y tendencias del montaje Film EditingTendencies in Sergio Bravo's Filmography

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Corro Pemjean

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available El texto ahonda, en términos, críticos tanto en la singular doctrina sobre el montaje cinematográfico propuesta por Gilles Deleuze en sus textos sobre cine, como en el sentido y forma que adopta el montaje en la filmografía del documentalista chileno Sergio Bravo Ramos. Las escuelas de montaje, que distingue el filósofo y que, como escuelas cinematográficas nacionales son asimiladas a conciencias estético-políticas, se identifican en los documentales de Bravo y permiten distinguir, a través de sus aplicaciones, una oscilación de la retórica del cineasta, entre la ampliación del inventario de objetos culturales y sociales del cine documental chileno y la experimentación plástica a partir de ellos mismos.This article examines critical concepts related to Gilles Deleuze's singular doctrine about film editing, as well as the particular form and meaning of editing techniques developed by Chilean documentary maker Sergio Bravo Ramos throughout his filmography. The quality of film editing schools, acknowledged by Deleuze as political aesthetic consciousness, can be recognized in Bravo's documentaries, and by means of its applications, it is possible to distinguish an oscillation of his rhetoric from the widening of the cultural and social objects inventory in Chilean documentary cinema to artistic experimentation developed from them.

  1. Maestras y maestros en Italia desde el fin del Antiguo Régimen hasta el ascenso del Fascismo. Nacimiento y desarrollo de una profesión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ester de Fort

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available El artículo examina el lento proceso de profesionalización de los maestros de la escuela elemental, desde la realidad educativa fragmentada del Antiguo Régimen hasta el surgimiento de un cuerpo docente con una preparación específica y una identidad colectiva. El Estado italiano tuvo un papel relevante en este proceso, pues se preocupó de la recualificación de los maestros y de preparar a los nuevos estudiantes a la altura de la exigente tarea de combatir el alto nivel de analfabetismo y favorecer la adhesión del pueblo a los nuevos valores en los que el Estado se fundaba. La profesión quedó poco remunerada y precaria y por este motivo acogió numerosas mujeres, las cuales encontraban una ocupación digna y considerada adecuada a la naturaleza femenina; aunque la llegada de chicas jóvenes solas a pequeños pueblos resultó a veces en persecuciones que encontraron eco en la prensa y la literatura. La mejora del nivel cultural de los maestros hizo insostenible la contradicción entre la exaltación retórica del rol del maestro y las condiciones reales de la profesión, favoreciendo la maduración de una conciencia de clase, lo cual contribuyó también en la prensa pedagógica. En el nuevo siglo se desarrolló un asociacionismo cada vez más combativa que obtuvo resultados significativos, pero que vio socavada por las profundas divisiones internas entre maestros y maestras, maestros rurales y urbanos, católicos y laicos. Acusados de defender intereses corporativos y de no atender a las necesidades de la escuela, los maestros fueron llamados al orden en la reforma Gentile, uno de los primeros actos del fascismo en el poder.

  2. New non-renal congenital disorders associated with medullary sponge kidney (MSK) support the pathogenic role of GDNF and point to the diagnosis of MSK in recurrent stone formers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ria, Paolo; Fabris, Antonia; Dalla Gassa, Alessandra; Zaza, Gianluigi; Lupo, Antonio; Gambaro, Giovanni

    2017-08-01

    Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a congenital renal disorder. Its association with several developmental abnormalities in other organs hints at the likelihood of some shared step(s) in the embryogenesis of the kidney and other organs. It has been suggested that the REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene and the Glial cell line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) gene are defective in patients with MSK, and both RET and GDNF are known to have a role in the development of the central nervous system, heart, and craniofacial skeleton. Among a cohort of 143 MSK patients being followed up for nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney disease at our institution, we found six with one or more associated non-renal anomalies: one patient probably has congenital hemihyperplasia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with adipose metaplasia and mitral valve prolapse; one has Marfan syndrome; and the other four have novel associations between MSK and nerve and skeleton abnormalities described here for the first time. The discovery of disorders involving the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and craniofacial skeleton in MSK patients supports the hypothesis of a genetic alteration on the RET-GDNF axis having a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of MSK, in a subset of patients at least. MSK seems more and more to be a systemic disease, and the identification of extrarenal developmental defects could be important in arousing the suspicion of MSK in recurrent stone formers.

  3. Aubergine and piRNAs promote germline stem cell self-renewal by repressing the proto-oncogene Cbl.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rojas-Ríos, Patricia; Chartier, Aymeric; Pierson, Stéphanie; Simonelig, Martine

    2017-11-02

    PIWI proteins play essential roles in germ cells and stem cell lineages. In Drosophila , Piwi is required in somatic niche cells and germline stem cells (GSCs) to support GSC self-renewal and differentiation. Whether and how other PIWI proteins are involved in GSC biology remains unknown. Here, we show that Aubergine (Aub), another PIWI protein, is intrinsically required in GSCs for their self-renewal and differentiation. Aub needs to be loaded with piRNAs to control GSC self-renewal and acts through direct mRNA regulation. We identify the Cbl proto-oncogene, a regulator of mammalian hematopoietic stem cells, as a novel GSC differentiation factor. Aub stimulates GSC self-renewal by repressing Cbl mRNA translation and does so in part through recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex. This study reveals the role of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in controlling stem cell homeostasis via translational repression and highlights piRNAs as major post-transcriptional regulators in key developmental decisions. © 2017 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

  4. Lentiviral expression of retinal guanylate cyclase-1 (RetGC1 restores vision in an avian model of childhood blindness.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melissa L Williams

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA is a genetically heterogeneous group of retinal diseases that cause congenital blindness in infants and children. Mutations in the GUCY2D gene that encodes retinal guanylate cyclase-1 (retGC1 were the first to be linked to this disease group (LCA type 1 [LCA1] and account for 10%-20% of LCA cases. These mutations disrupt synthesis of cGMP in photoreceptor cells, a key second messenger required for function of these cells. The GUCY1*B chicken, which carries a null mutation in the retGC1 gene, is blind at hatching and serves as an animal model for the study of LCA1 pathology and potential treatments in humans.A lentivirus-based gene transfer vector carrying the GUCY2D gene was developed and injected into early-stage GUCY1*B embryos to determine if photoreceptor function and sight could be restored to these animals. Like human LCA1, the avian disease shows early-onset blindness, but there is a window of opportunity for intervention. In both diseases there is a period of photoreceptor cell dysfunction that precedes retinal degeneration. Of seven treated animals, six exhibited sight as evidenced by robust optokinetic and volitional visual behaviors. Electroretinographic responses, absent in untreated animals, were partially restored in treated animals. Morphological analyses indicated there was slowing of the retinal degeneration.Blindness associated with loss of function of retGC1 in the GUCY1*B avian model of LCA1 can be reversed using viral vector-mediated gene transfer. Furthermore, this reversal can be achieved by restoring function to a relatively low percentage of retinal photoreceptors. These results represent a first step toward development of gene therapies for one of the more common forms of childhood blindness.

  5. The crucial role of the proto-oncogene c-mos in regulation of oocyte maturation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irena Jałocha

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Meiosis arrest before fertilization is a common and unique feature of oogenesis in many animal species. On account of the unclear biological significance of meiosis arrest at various stages and for different durations in different animal species, this process and its regulation are the subject of many scientific studies. Studies on the development of ovarian teratomas proved to be helpful in defining the role of particular genes and biochemical cycles in control of the cell cycle in animals. These benign tumors are a valuable source of information on oocyte maturation. The [i]c-mos[/i] proto-oncogene, which is specifically expressed in female and male germ cells, plays a crucial role in control of meiotic cell division in mammals. Its product – Mos protein kinase – acting through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs regulates critical cellular functions required for homeostasis and decides about cell survival or apoptosis. The MAPK kinase kinase – MAPK kinase – MAPK (MKKK-MKK-MAPK phosphorelay system, in view of its role in cells, seems to be the ideal target for therapeutic intervention in cancer and other diseases. The recent research on human oocytes suggests that the basic mechanisms regulating various stages of oocyte maturation are similar to those described in animals.

  6. Estrategias institucionales y retórica de la ciencia en un Grupo de Investigación Arqueológica Español: una contribución a la sociología de la ciencia [retractado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bermejo Barrera, José Carlos

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available This article has been retracted. Please read the Spanish version of the Abstract or the Editorial Note included in the PDF version.RETRACTACIÓN La dirección de Arbor hace constar a sus lectores el siguiente comunicado: Se ha recibido en la dirección de Arbor y en la Comisión de Publicaciones del CSIC una reclamación formal que alega falta de objetividad y presencia de juicios de valor sin evidencia empírica en el artículo "Estrategias institucionales y retórica de la Ciencia en un grupo de investigación arqueológica español: una contribución a la sociología de la Ciencia" de José Carlos Bermejo Barrera, vol. 184, No. 731 (2008, págs. 497-506 de Arbor, por lo que solicita la revisión del procedimiento editorial seguido en su publicación. Recibida esta denuncia se constituyó una comisión de investigación independiente y se acordó la retirada cautelar del artículo hasta la finalización de dicha investigación. La revisión realizada por la Comisión del proceso editorial que concluyó con la publicación del citado trabajo, ha puesto de manifiesto que dicho artículo incumple el requisito de originalidad exigido por la revista en su normativa, un hecho cuya responsabilidad recae en el editor científico de este número monográfico al no someter dicho trabajo a una preceptiva y correcta evaluación. La falta de originalidad del artículo se ha comprobado en el proceso de revisión al detectar que existen dos publicaciones previas con similitud casi completa, hecho que nunca se informó al lector. Estas publicaciones son: •Bermejo Barrera, J.C. (2007 “Evidencia e interpretación no estudo da arte rupestre galega: estratexias institucionais e retórica da ciencia nun grupo de investigación arqueolóxia”. En : J.C. Bermejo Barrera, ¿Para que serve a Historia de Galicia?. Santiago de Compostela, Editorial Lóstrego, ISBN: 978-84-935696-5-5, 190 pp. •Bermejo Barrera, J.C. (2007 “Evidencia e interpretación en el

  7. La formación del profesorado del Cuerpo Nacional de Policía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio MEDINA RIVILLA

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: La formación permanente del profesorado del Centro de Capacitación de Policías se ha realizado desde el modelo Pensativo-Colaborativo (Medina y Domínguez, 1995, apoyado en la construcción del conocimiento profesional desde el análisis de la práctica, aplicando una visión plurimetódica y un enfoque de autorrealización basado en: la narración autobiográfica, la encuesta/cuestionario y el grupo permanente de reflexión-discusión. El artículo presenta esta trilogía reflexiva, aunque expone con más amplitud el análisis de los cuestionarios aplicados al profesorado y estudiantes, evidenciando la pertinencia del enfoque y su adecuación a la especificidad del Centro de Formación de Profesionales de la Seguridad Pública. Representa una triple novedad: en su enfoque, en el contexto y en la proyección a una dimensión básica de la vida comunitaria en las sociedades democráticas, la seguridad. La formación para aportar seguridad a las personas y crear un nuevo clima de libertad y tolerancia en sociedades multiculturales, profundamente urgidas de procesos de reencuentro e interculturalidad.ABSTRACT: The continuous training of teachers attached to the Police Recruiting Centre has been set up according to the Thinking-Proposing Model outlined by Medina and Domínguez in 1995, which is based on the developing of professional knowledge from the analysis of practice, using different methodical approaches and a self-made process supported by three instruments: the autobiographical experiences, the interview/questionnaire, and a permanent reflective-discussing team. The article offers this thoughtful trilogy, though it explains, at large, the analysis of the questionnaires for teachers and students, showing the convenience of the method and its relevance for this specific field: the Police Training Centre. This work represents a three-dimensional novelty in its approach to the issue, in the context, and in the application to one of

  8. "Defensa de Palamedes por él mismo": pluralidades del "yo" que enuncia en la etopeya gorgiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivana Selene Chialva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available La Defensa de Palamedes por él mismo de Gorgias es un texto ficticio de apología judicial, exponente del género epidíctico, escrito aproximadamente en el año 411 a.C. La condición retórico-escolar del texto está dada en el título ya que constituye un recurso avant la lettre que, en los Progymnásmata de época imperial, será definido y enseñado bajo el nombre de un ejercicio particular: etopeya (o prosopopeya, i.e. un discurso apropiado para un personaje, histórico o ficticio, escrito en primera persona y elaborado en léxico, tema y estilo de acuerdo a las características del personaje. Este recurso es el que subyace en los parlamentos del teatro clásico, en las apologías forenses de los logógrafos y en todo intento de construcción de la palabra de un yo por otro yo. Nuestra intención en este trabajo es explorar la construcción de la etopeya en el pliegue enunciativo del yo que habla, Palamedes, detrás del cual se deja leer el yo Gorgias, y advertir las múltiples direcciones de interpretación que ese pliegue genera al poner en diálogo el texto sofístico con sus con-textos filosóficos y, puntualmente, trágicos.

  9. Delta-He, Ret-He and a New Diagnostic Plot for Differential Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring of Patients Suffering from Various Disease-Specific Types of Anemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weimann, Andreas; Cremer, Malte; Hernáiz-Driever, Pablo; Zimmermann, Mathias

    2016-01-01

    The present study was aimed to prove the usefulness of a new diagnostic plot (Hema-Plot), illustrating the relationship between the hemoglobin content of reticulocytes (Ret-He) as a marker of functional iron deficiency and the difference between the reticulocyte and erythrocyte hemoglobin content (Delta-He) as a marker of an impaired hemoglobinization of newly formed reticulocytes occurring during inflammatory processes, to differentiate between various disease-specific types of anemia. A complete blood and reticulocyte count was performed on routine EDTA blood samples from 345 patients with and without various disease-specific types of anemia using the Sysmex XN-9000 hematology analyzer: blood healthy newborns (n = 23), blood healthy adults (n = 31), patients suffering from anemia of chronic disease (ACD) due to diverse oncological, chronic inflammatory, or autoimmune diseases (total n = 138) with (n = 65) and without therapy (n = 73), patients with thalassemia and/or hemoglobinopathy (n = 18), patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) (n = 35), patients with a combination of ACD and IDA (n = 17), as well as patients suffering from sepsis (total n = 83) with (n = 32) and without therapy (n = 51). The results for Ret-He, Delta-He, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were statistically compared (Mann-Whitney U Test) between the particular patient groups and the diagnostic plots were drawn. Delta-Hemoglobin showed a statistically significant difference between blood healthy newborns and blood healthy adults (p ≤ 0.05), while Ret-He and C-reactive protein did not. In addition, of all three biomarkers only Delta-He showed a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the ACD/IDA and IDA cohort. Delta-He, Ret-He, and CRP showed a statistically significant difference between patient cohorts with and without therapy suffering from ACD, ACD/IDA, and sepsis before and after medical therapy (p ≤ 0.05). The Hema-Plot illustrated the dynamic character of Ret-He and

  10. Humor en línea. Línea del humor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dra. Mirta Clara Echevarría

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available La autora indaga el humor propuesto por el diario ‘InterVoz’ (Córdoba, Argentina. El medio publica el "típico humor cordobés". Historietas, chistes y relatos representan la vida urbana cotidiana, confluencia de lo popular y lo masivo, a través de la inclusión de usos lingüísticos, costumbres, personajes típicos y personajes públicos, sobre todo políticos. Estos textos, en algunos casos, reproducen lo publicado en papel; sin embargo, son manifestaciones diferentes. En este discurso emergente, estudia las condiciones de producción, circulación y consumo desde varias vertientes. Subraya la autora la relación del humor con el resto del diario por: la fuerte relación intertextual con la información y el diseño hipertextual. Destaca tópicas y retórica del humor como parte de una política discursiva centrada en lo regional, con el objeto de construir un discurso identitario de clara apelación a "los cordobeses en el mundo". El humor de ‘InterVoz’ (el diario en su totalidad, en el marco de la globalización, se manifiesta como una otra voz, sin llegar a establecerse como contradiscurso. Este periódico –como tantos en la red– subraya las marcas de lo local para permanecer en lo global.

  11. La crisis del constitucionalismo en las letras: de la crítica novelesca a la fundación literaria en Brasil y Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dionisio Márquez Arreaza

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available La caída del idealismo nacionalista de los personajes novelescos de Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma, de Lima Barreto, y En este país…!, de Urbaneja Achelpohl, articula emancipación política, literatura de fundación y representación nacional en Brasil y Venezuela. Los personajes son portadores de los ideales patrióticos y reformistas, en sintonía con la retórica nacional de la literatura fundacional y de su carácter “excolonial”. Este carácter comporta una ambivalencia que oscila entre reconocer la inclusión del sujeto marginado y reproducir la misma mirada occidental y colonizadora que marginó a este sujeto en el pasado colonial. En la situación republicana, los personajes reproducen esta mirada a través, tanto del nuevo lenguaje liberal del constitucionalismo, como del discurso sobre la naturaleza y su racionalidad de explotación agropecuaria. Así, el drama de los personajes ficticios se interrelaciona con la promesa de emancipación social de los sujetos históricamente marginados.

  12. Thyroid carcinomas of Belarussian children

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bauchinger, M.

    1999-01-01

    The incidence of thyroid carcinoma increases significantly following exposure to ionizing irradiation. However, the mechanisms of radiation-induced tumorigenesis at the molecular and chromosomal levels have not been identified. In order to gain some indication of the processes affecting the thyroid epithelium, cytogenetic and molecular genetic investigations were performed on childhood thyroid carcinomas that developed after the Chernobyl nuclear accident in Belarussia, and on secondary thyroid tumours that developed after radiotherapy. At the cytogenetic level, the radiation-induced tumours were shown to have an increased frequency of translocations, multiple and complex chromosome aberrations, and novel breakpoints for structural chromosome aberrations. At the molecular level, different alterations of the RET protooncogene were detected in 65% of the Belarussian tumours. (orig.) [de

  13. Friendship and War: True Political Art as the Alliance of Philosophy and Rhetoric in Plato's Gorgias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicolás Parra

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo explora la relación entre filosofía y retórica desde una nueva perspectiva al enfatizar la naturaleza dramática del diálogo y, por tanto, poniéndole atención no sólo a lo que se dice sobre filosofía y retórica, sino también a lo que se muestra, especialmente por las intervenciones de Gorgias a lo largo del diálogo con el fin de salvar a la comunidad de diálogo que investiga lo bueno y lo justo. Esta reconcepción de la relación entre filosofía y retórica implica una reconcepción de la práctica de la política misma, fundada en una filosofía que busca girar las almas individuales hacia el bien y una retórica que motiva a los individuos a ser girados en esa misma dirección por las palabras de los otros.

  14. Correction of Hirschsprung-Associated Mutations in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9, Restores Neural Crest Cell Function.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, Frank Pui-Ling; Lau, Sin-Ting; Wong, John Kwong-Leong; Gui, Hongsheng; Wang, Reeson Xu; Zhou, Tingwen; Lai, Wing Hon; Tse, Hung-Fat; Tam, Paul Kwong-Hang; Garcia-Barcelo, Maria-Mercedes; Ngan, Elly Sau-Wai

    2017-07-01

    Hirschsprung disease is caused by failure of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) to fully colonize the bowel, leading to bowel obstruction and megacolon. Heterozygous mutations in the coding region of the RET gene cause a severe form of Hirschsprung disease (total colonic aganglionosis). However, 80% of HSCR patients have short-segment Hirschsprung disease (S-HSCR), which has not been associated with genetic factors. We sought to identify mutations associated with S-HSCR, and used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing system to determine how mutations affect ENCC function. We created induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from 1 patient with total colonic aganglionosis (with the G731del mutation in RET) and from 2 patients with S-HSCR (without a RET mutation), as well as RET +/- and RET -/- iPSCs. IMR90-iPSC cells were used as the control cell line. Migration and differentiation capacities of iPSC-derived ENCCs were analyzed in differentiation and migration assays. We searched for mutation(s) associated with S-HSCR by combining genetic and transcriptome data from patient blood- and iPSC-derived ENCCs, respectively. Mutations in the iPSCs were corrected using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. ENCCs derived from all iPSC lines, but not control iPSCs, had defects in migration and neuronal lineage differentiation. RET mutations were associated with differentiation and migration defects of ENCCs in vitro. Genetic and transcriptome analyses associated a mutation in the vinculin gene (VCL M209L) with S-HSCR. CRISPR/Cas9 correction of the RET G731del and VCL M209L mutations in iPSCs restored the differentiation and migration capacities of ENCCs. We identified mutations in VCL associated with S-HSCR. Correction of this mutation in iPSC using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, as well as the RET G731del mutation that causes Hirschsprung disease with total colonic aganglionosis, restored ENCC function. Our study demonstrates how human iPSCs can

  15. Microbiological and Biochemical Characterization of Cassava Retting, a Traditional Lactic Acid Fermentation for Foo-Foo (Cassava Flour) Production

    OpenAIRE

    Brauman, A.; Keleke, S.; Malonga, M.; Miambi, E.; Ampe, F.

    1996-01-01

    The overall kinetics of retting, a spontaneous fermentation of cassava roots performed in central Africa, was investigated in terms of microbial-population evolution and biochemical and physicochemical parameters. During the traditional process, endogenous cyanogens were almost totally degraded, plant cell walls were lysed by the simultaneous action of pectin methylesterase and pectate lysate, and organic acids (C2 to C4) were produced. Most microorganisms identified were found to be facultat...

  16. La constitución de la Argentina democrática en el discurso de asunción presidencial de Raúl Alfonsín

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Alejandra Vitale

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde la perspectiva de la retórica constitutiva, este artículo estudia el discurso de asunción del presidente argentino Raúl Alfonsín ante el Congreso de la Nación (10 de diciembre de 1983. Con herramientas tomadas de la retórica y del análisis del discurso, se estudia cómo esta alocución constituye la democracia después de siete años de dictadura (1976-1983, performando un auditorio heterogéneo, compuesto por diferentes filiaciones políticas e ideológicas, en un sujeto democrático unido y plural, aglutinado en torno a una ética cívica.

  17. Projektrapport Delprojekt Rekruttering og Profilering

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rosenørn, Torben; Morell, Tove Nørgaard

    2013-01-01

    Denne rapport er udarbejdet som afsluttende projektrapport for delprojektet Rekruttering og profilering (R&P), som i perioden 1.3.2010 til 28.02 2013 har været en del af projektet Energi på havet. Offshore Center Danmark har været projektleder på Energi på havet. Projekt Energi på havet er finans...

  18. Local agreements as an instrument for improvement of management employee collaboration on occupational health and safety

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, Ole Henning; Hasle, Peter Schnell; Navrbjerg, Steen Erik

    2009-01-01

    Traditionelt har arbejdsmiljø været et lovgivningsreguleret område, som typisk ikke har været en del af det kollektive aftalesystem. I de seneste 20 år har to ting betydet, at denne adskillelse mellem et regelsystem og et forhandlingssystem synes mindre frugtbar. For det første er det blevet stad...

  19. APROXIMACIONES RETÓRICAS AL CONFLICTO ARMADO COLOMBIANO: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giohanny Olave

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo relaciona investigaciones interesadas en la retórica del conflicto armado colombiano. Tales indagaciones plantean problemas de investigación alrededor del carácter persuasivo de los discursos del conflicto, desde disciplinas diversas. La consulta bibliográfica de base se complementó con una encuesta electrónica autoadministrada, dirigida a investigadores colombianos del discurso. En los resultados, se explican las principales problematizaciones que emergen de la revisión, presentándolas como aproximaciones retóricas que los autores trabajan con una mayor orientación hacia el ethos, el pathos o el logos. Una mirada relacional entre estos trabajos esclarece las tendencias investigativas sobre la violencia en clave discursiva y apunta el valor de esas contribuciones para los estudios sobre el conflicto armado.

  20. Primary structure of the human fgr proto-oncogene product p55/sup c-fgr/

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Katamine, S.; Notario, V.; Rao, C.D.; Miki, T.; Cheah, M.S.C.; Tronick, S.R.; Robbins, K.C.

    1988-01-01

    Normal human c-fgr cDNA clones were constructed by using normal peripheral blood mononuclear cell mRNA as a template. Nucleotide sequence analysis of two such clones revealed a 1,587-base-pair-long open reading frame which predicted the primary amino acid sequence of the c-fgr translational product. Homology of this protein with the v-fgr translational product stretched from codons 128 to 516, where 32 differences among 388 codons were observed. Sequence similarity with human c-src, c-yes, and fyn translations products began at amino acid position 76 of the predicted c-fgr protein and extended nearly to its C-terminus. In contrast, the stretch of 75 amino acids at the N-terminus demonstrated a greatly reduced degree of relatedness to these same proteins. To verify the deduced amino acid sequence, antibodies were prepared against peptides representing amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of the predicted c-fgr translational product. Both antibodies specifically recognized a 55-kilodalton protein expressed in COS-1 cells transfected with a c-fgr cDNA expression plasmid. Moreover, the same protein was immunoprecipitated from an Epstein-Barr virus-infected Burkitt's lymphoma cell line which expressed c-fgr mRNA but not in its uninfected fgr mRNA-negative counterpart. These findings identified the 55-kilodalton protein as the product of the human fgr proto-oncogene.

  1. La palabra militante en la generación del cuarenta y cincuenta: Hacia una po/ética de la escritura literaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mijail Mondol López

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available La narrativa social-realista, inscrita en la década del cuarenta y cincuenta, elabora una concepción ética y estética del discurso literario cuyos procesos de producción y recepción merecen un particular enfoque teórico por parte de la crítica y los estudios literarios costarricenses. Tomando como referencia la figura retórica de Manuel Mora Valverde y su implicación ideológica con los autores más representativos de esta generación, todos ellos militantes del Partido Comunista costarricense, nuestra propuesta de estudio pretende descentralizar el carácter instrumental e ingenuamente expresivo con que generalmente se estudian las relaciones entre la militancia política y el hacer estético de esta generación con el fin de acercarnos, desde un enfoque semiótico y sociodiscursivo, al carácter dialéctico que subyace en la praxis ética y estética de esta narrativa y su concepción de escritura.

  2. Who Are the Science Teachers That Seek Professional Development in Research Experience for Teachers (RET's)? Implications for Teacher Professional Development

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saka, Yavuz

    2013-01-01

    To address the need to better prepare teachers to enact science education reforms, the National Science Foundation has supported a Research Experience for Teachers (RET's) format for teacher professional development. In these experiences, teachers work closely with practicing scientists to engage in authentic scientific inquiry. Although…

  3. Cold DUst around NEarby Stars (DUNES). First results. A resolved exo-Kuiper belt around the solar-like star ζ2 Ret

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Eiroa, C.; Fedele, D.; Maldonado, J.; Gonzalez-Garcia, B. M.; Rodmann, J.; Heras, A. M.; Pilbratt, G. L.; Augereau, J. -Ch.; Mora, A.; Montesinos, B.; Ardila, D.; Bryden, G.; Liseau, R.; Stapelfeldt, K.; Launhardt, R.; Solano, E.; Bayo, A.; Absil, O.; Arevalo, M.; Barrado, D.; Beichmann, C.; Danchi, W.; del Burgo, C.; Ertel, S.; Fridlund, M.; Fukagawa, M.; Gutierrez, R.; Gruen, E.; Kamp, I.; Krivov, A.; Lebreton, J.; Loehne, T.; Lorente, R.; Marshall, J.; Martinez-Arnaiz, R.; Meeus, G.; Montes, D.; Morbidelli, A.; Mueller, S.; Mutschke, H.; Nakagawa, T.; Olofsson, G.; Ribas, I.; Roberge, A.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; Thebault, P.; White, G. J.; Wolf, S.; Walker, H.

    We present the first far-IR observations of the solar-type stars δ Pav, HR 8501, 51 Peg and ζ2 Ret, taken within the context of the DUNES Herschel open time key programme (OTKP). This project uses the PACS and SPIRE instruments with the objective of studying infrared excesses due to exo-Kuiper belts

  4. Aproximación a la incidencia de la metáfora en el discurso político -Discurso del poder-

    OpenAIRE

    LUZ AMPARO FAJARDO URIBE

    2012-01-01

    La metáfora es un recurso retórico empleado en el discurso político - discurso del poder para lograr la comprensión efectiva de la intención de quien lo emplea. Estas metáforas están relacionadas con los diferentes tipos de ingredientes que se emplean dentro de un discurso político – discurso de poder, a saber: el discurso de la economía, el discurso de la biología, el discurso de la salud, el discurso de la guerra, el discurso religioso. A través de cada uno de estos discursos se busca mostr...

  5. Sobre la concepcion del sindrome piramidal y del componente yuxtapiramidal despues de 21 años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Barraquer-Bordas

    1973-12-01

    Full Text Available Tal como hemos venido manteniendo desde 1952, nos parece justo distinguir dentro del todo del sndrome piramidal un aspecto, diferenciado con suficiente claridad, al que propusimos llamar "yuxtapiramidal". Una nomenclatura científica es, ante todo, un sistema de convenciones — lo más fundamentadas que sea posible — sobre las que es necesario mantener un acuerdo para extraer de ella una utilidad operativa. El término "piramidal" no es mucho más inexacto que muchos otros empleados en Medicina. Ciertamente, si queremos tomar por referencia la palabra ecológicamente originaria, que en este caso es la pirámide bulbar, las dificultades aparecen como serias y considerables. Pero si tenemos en cuenta que a la proyección piramidal pura u ortopiramidal o córtico-espinal directa, va estrechamente aparejado el sistema anátomo-funcional que parece ser crucial en la inhibición del reflejo miotático o de tracción, esto es, la proyección córtico-bulbo(retículo-espinal, que nosotros venimos calificando (desde 1952 de "proyección yuxtapiramidal", facilmente nos daremos cuenta que ambos forman un todo, dispuesto longitudinalmente a lo largo del neuroeje, que mantiene una indudable unidad funcional, sobre todo una "unidad de afectación ante los procesos morbosos que los atañen". La dificultad de la nomenclatura proviene, en gran parte, del hecho de haber querido denominar un "sistema longitudinal" por el nombre de un "accidente casi-transversal" interpuesto en un punto determinado y concreto de su curso: la pirámide bulbar, la cual parece abarcar solamente el "componente mayor" de aquel sistema, con exclusión del otro, del yuxtapiramidal". Las aportaciones experimentales recientes de Asbhy y col. y del grupo de Lance, al confirmar lo esencial de las viejas experiencias de Magoun e col., otorgan, a nuestro juicio, una validez renovada a nuestra concepción de un "sistema yuxtapiramidal", inhibidor del reflejo de tracción. De la afectación de

  6. El Guggenheim Museum de New York. Interpretación del papel de la estructura a través de la colaboración entre Frank Lloyd Wright y Jaroslav J. Polivka

    OpenAIRE

    Martin Saiz, Diego

    2012-01-01

    Arquitectura y estructura han ido siempre íntimamente ligadas, pero con la aparición del acero y el hormigón surgieron nuevas necesidades formales o estéticas. El Estilo Internacional se inclinó por separar la retícula estructural de los cerramientos. En cambio, la Escuela de Chicago forjó las bases de una arquitectura optimizada y racional. Frank Lloyd Wright, entre estas dos situaciones, optó por seguir las pautas naturales de los materiales, de forma “orgánica”, recuperan...

  7. Current Advances in Thyroid Cancer Management. Are We Ready for the Epidemic Rise of Diagnoses?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dagmara Rusinek

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available A rising incidence of thyroid cancers (TCs mainly small tumors, observed during recent years, lead to many controversies regarding treatment strategies. TCs represent a distinct molecular background and clinical outcome. Although in most cases TCs are characterized by a good prognosis, there are some aggressive forms, which do not respond to standard treatment. There are still some questions, which have to be resolved to avoid dangerous simplifications in the clinical management. In this article, we focused on the current advantages in preoperative molecular diagnostic tests and histopathological examination including noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP. We discussed the controversies regarding the extent of thyroid surgery and adjuvant radioiodine therapy, as well as new treatment modalities for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC. Considering medullary thyroid cancer (MTC, we analyzed a clinical management based on histopathology and RET (ret proto-oncogene mutation genotype, disease follow-up with a special attention to serum calcitonin doubling time as an important prognostic marker, and targeted therapy applied in advanced MTC. In addition, we provided some data regarding anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC, a highly lethal neoplasm, which lead to death in nearly 100% of patients due to the lack of effective treatment options.

  8. Esencia retórica del mensaje publicitario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio López Eire

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Taking into account the points of view of ancient Rhetoric and modem Pragmatics, the author demonstrates and explains the rhetorical character of the "language-acts" nowadays used in advertising. They have all the features of rhetorical "language acts" but are adapted to the peculiar conditions and purposes of advertising as a deep-rooted social fact.

  9. Unexpected functional similarities between gatekeeper tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes revealed by systems biology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Yongzhong; Epstein, Richard J

    2011-05-01

    Familial tumor suppressor genes comprise two subgroups: caretaker genes (CTs) that repair DNA, and gatekeeper genes (GKs) that trigger cell death. Since GKs may also induce cell cycle delay and thus enhance cell survival by facilitating DNA repair, we hypothesized that the prosurvival phenotype of GKs could be selected during cancer progression, and we used a multivariable systems biology approach to test this. We performed multidimensional data analysis, non-negative matrix factorization and logistic regression to compare the features of GKs with those of their putative antagonists, the proto-oncogenes (POs), as well as with control groups of CTs and functionally unrelated congenital heart disease genes (HDs). GKs and POs closely resemble each other, but not CTs or HDs, in terms of gene structure (Pexpression level and breadth (Pimplied suggest a common functional attribute that is strongly negatively selected-that is, a shared phenotype that enhances cell survival. The counterintuitive finding of similar evolutionary pressures affecting GKs and POs raises an intriguing possibility: namely, that cancer microevolution is accelerated by an epistatic cascade in which upstream suppressor gene defects subvert the normal bifunctionality of wild-type GKs by constitutively shifting the phenotype away from apoptosis towards survival. If correct, this interpretation would explain the hitherto unexplained phenomenon of frequent wild-type GK (for example, p53) overexpression in tumors.

  10. Crímenes que producen castigo: sobre el sentido del jubileo penitenciario en una Administración General del Daño.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Jiménez Franco

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available El artículo propone una lectura de las respuestas penales proyectadas por ese mismo “legislador ejecutivo” que gobierna el Estado español en nombre de un régimen de acumulación improductiva y administración ampliada de daño social –noción que, junto a la de criminalidad estatal-corporativa, salta hoy irremediablemente al primer plano del análisis. La soberanía se actualiza en nombre de una razón de mercado tecnocrática y en falsa forma de prevención ampliada, a costa de la más liviana noción de constitucionalidad. El reflejo institucional de esa imposición autoritaria que castiga expulsando se plasma en una dramática incompatibilidad entre palabras y cosas, significantes y significados, principios y proyectos… entre dichos y hechos, en definitiva. Una vez la retórica demoliberal es vaciada completamente de sentido, la crisis inducida y sus “ajustes estructurales” desnudan al régimen –otra cuestión es que consigan debilitarlo. Gobernar es operar desde el estado a golpe de crimen y según las exigencias del mercado; mantener el orden público es “pacificar” las consecuencias sociales de una expulsión masiva que nos obliga a revisar el papel del hiperencarcelamiento como centro de las dinámicas punitivas en el fin de ciclo capitalista. Un bando neoliberal ha acabado redefiniendo el vínculo entre deuda y castigo. El abandono gubernamental del derecho –con él, la deportación física y jurídica de la llamada “ciudadanía”- se acompaña de una excepcionalidad antijurídica obsesionada por la “tranquilidad ciudadana” pero poco compatible con la “paz social”. En su acepción menos sutil, la cuestión del poder regresa para desbaratar las ataduras disciplinarias del fascismo postmoderno. De ahí que la madre de todos los problemas políticos vuelva a plasmarse hoy en la tensión Pueblo y población.

  11. LA ELOCUENCIA, SISTEMA DE VIDA ÍNSITO EN EL SER HUMANO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bulmaro Reyes Coria

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo se funda en el repaso directo de las preceptivas retóricas aristotélica y ciceroniana, incluida la Retórica a Herenio. Pretende mostrar que la elocuencia, o retórica, no es una simple asignatura escolar que se desliga de la esencia del ser humano, sino un sistema que le es inherente a este. Tal sistema es capaz de ser cultivado y fortalecido por el estudio o la ejercitación, y estas dos tareas constituyen el lugar donde se nutre la invención: ahí se hace evidente la materia prima de los entimemas, ahí el ser humano cobra consciencia de que ese otro sistema es parte de su integridad, a pesar de que le sea intangible al tacto, como lo era para Sancho, quien, sin embargo, no podía vivir sin hablar ni siquiera contra los mandatos del amo.

  12. RETÓRICA Y CONTABILIDAD: DE LA CRÍTICA RETÓRICA A LA RETÓRICA CRÍTICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GUSTAVO ALBERTO RUIZ ROJAS

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Los estudios críticos del discurso contable, reiteran que la retórica es un instrumento al servicio de la dominación y desconocen los potenciales emancipadores que subyacen en su ejercicio deli- berativo. Esto porque la consideran un dominio exclusivo de los grupos hegemónicos, y reducen el concepto a su aspecto discursivo, eliminando sus implicaciones éticas. Este artículo hace una revisión del tema, apelando a una metodología de tipo cualitativo, a partir de artículos de inves- tigación publicados en revistas de contabilidad anglosajonas, que aparecen registradas en la base de datos Scopus. Se identifican algunas experiencias que reconocen en la retórica, un dominio necesario para emprender deliberaciones públicas desde lo contable. Se concluye que una retórica al servicio de la transformación de los lugares comunes y guiada por lo preferible, puede contribuir a la deliberación pública.

  13. El Cristianismo en la metáfora del rechazo y la integración

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime ALVAR

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo se analizan los documentos procedentes de la literatura neotestamentaria que permiten descubrir los mecanismos de integración social, así como del rechazo real y metafórico que suscita el cristianismo desde sus orígenes hasta el triunfo de la Iglesia. La extirpación de los primeros seguidores de su entorno social constituye un ejemplo referencial en la tensión desintegradora que, a la postre, habría de convertirse en una formulación retórica para el éxito del discurso cristiano en el marco ideológico del poder imperial refundado tras la Tretarquía. Al mismo tiempo, se analiza la función excluyente del cristianismo frente al judaísmo en el que nace y su posterior capacidad de integración social de los judíos de la diáspora, cuando el cristianismo se había reconvertido en romanitas.ABSTRACT: The New Testament texts allow searching the mechanism for the social integration, as well as the reject –real and metaphorical– raised by the Christianism from its origins until the Triumph of the Church. The extirpating of the first followers from their social environment is a basic reference for the disintegrating force that finally became mere rhetoric for the success of Christianism in the Tetrarchy’s aftermath. In addition this paper analyses the Christian refuse of the actual Judaism and its later ability to integrate in the Romanitas the Jewish diaspora.

  14. Tecnología y marketing: el papel de la retórica comercial en el desarrollo de dispositivos de navegación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mendonça, Pedro

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available The present article aims to link technology and marketing in the process of imagination and concretization of functions for mobile navigation devices. It focuses on the performance of marketing and sales, as rhetorical agents, in the technical path of building the product. Empirically, it is a case study of a Portuguese company, NDrive, whose main innovation is the introduction of photographic images in these devices replacing traditional maps. Since we identify in the field of innovation a platform of relation between the two spheres of inquiry (technology and marketing, it is in the theoretical studies of innovation that we produce much of the analysis of the different emerging questions, many connected to the central issues of contemporary technological transformation.

    Este artículo pretende relacionar tecnología y marketing en los procesos de imaginación y desarrollo de funcionalidades en dispositivos de navegación móvil. Se centra en la actuación de los departamentos empresariales de marketing, y de los trabajadores comerciales en general, como agentes retóricos que tienen un papel clave en los caminos técnicos de construcción del producto. En términos empíricos, se trata de un estudio de caso a una empresa portuguesa, Ndrive, que tiene como innovación principal la introducción de imagen fotográfica en los dispositivos de navegación, en vez de los tradicionales mapas. El campo de la innovación que se identifica es una plataforma donde se relacionan los dos ámbitos en cuestión (tecnología y marketing. Por ello, se utiliza la esfera teórica de los estudios de innovación para abordar el análisis de las diferentes problemáticas que van surgiendo en el desarrollo final del producto, muchas de ellas ligadas a las cuestiones centrales de la transformación tecnológica contemporánea.

  15. ¿Quién imagina la independencia? A propósito de la celebración del bicentenario en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Restrepo

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available El artículo se pregunta por tres aspectos relacionados con las políticas de la ignorancia y los silenciamientos que operan en las retóricas y agendas celebracionistas del Bicentenario de la Independencia en Colombia. El primer aspecto subraya que la colonialidad no terminó en el siglo XIX, sino que se mantiene fuertemente hasta hoy. El segundo, que se hace indispensable una deselitización de las genealogías de la colombianidad, incluyendo lo que aparece como Independencia. Finalmente se comprende cómo este tipo de eventos responden más a las preocupaciones e historicidad de quienes celebran, que a aquello supuestamente celebrado.

  16. ENSAYO ACERCA DE LA SUPERVIVENCIA O NO DEL CULTO A LOS MUERTOS PREHISPÁNICO EN EL MÉXICO ACTUAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Akira Casillas De La Vega

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Examen acerca de la importancia de la celebración del día de muertos en el México actual. Se plantea el problema de su posible pervivencia desde los tiempos prehispánicos o no, de acuerdo con las posturas científicas contemporáneas. Para este fin, se analiza brevemente el contexto en elque presuntamente se originó el culto a los muertos en el México actual: los dos últimos tercios del siglo XVI, posteriormente a la conquista del territorio mesoamericano por los españoles. El objetivo del ensayo consiste, pues, en dotar a dicho fenómeno cultural de un significado más ajustado a la realidad (históricamente construido y menos aproximado a la retórica de las“políticas en turno”; en hacer notar su importancia para la Nación mexicana, y las ciencias sociales de la actualidad, como fuente para el conocimiento de formas de vida pasadas. Se llama la atención acerca de la necesidad de realizar estudios transdisciplinarios, en regiones y etnias específicos, según su evolución a lo largo de los siglos. Para, entonces, obtener una mejor perspectiva de cómo pudieron haber sido las sociedades prehispánicas.

  17. Programas socioeducativos y regulación del trabajo docente en el nivel secundario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Analía Inés Meo

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Durante las últimas tres décadas, los gobiernos nacionales y provinciales han implementado diferentes tipos de políticas para modificar aspectos centrales de la enseñanza secundaria estatal en Argentina. En este trabajo examinaremos, a partir del análisis etnográfico de un programa socioeducativo, cómo las políticas educativas, instaladas en los 90 y profundizadas en los 2000 -que sostienen una retórica tendiente a producir más autonomía escolar- están redefiniendo aspectos centrales del trabajo docente. Analizaremos el Programa de Fortalecimiento Institucional de la Escuela Media de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y los efectos prácticos que produjo esta modalidad de intervención estatal, respecto del gobierno escolar, de las relaciones de poder en la escuela, y de las condiciones de trabajo de docentes de una escuela secundaria que trabaja con jóvenes de familias vulnerables en el sur de la ciudad. Para ello, en primer lugar, situaremos nuestra investigación en el campo de producción de conocimiento local. Luego, presentaremos la historia de las Escuelas Municipales de Educación Media y mostraremos cómo su creación representó una transformación del gobierno escolar en el nivel medio en la Ciudad. Seguidamente, focalizaremos nuestra atención en el programa Fortalecimiento como modalidad de regulación institucional estatal y, a continuación, nos detendremos en la descripción del proyecto escolar El Puente. Este recorrido nos permitirá evidenciar cambios significativos en el gobierno escolar, las relaciones entre directores y docentes, así como la precarización e intensificación de su trabajo. Realizamos nuestro trabajo de campo entre noviembre de 2012 y diciembre de 2014.

  18. Del caos a los sistemas: los fundamentos de ingeniería en la teoría de la organización, 1879-1932

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yehouda Shenhav

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente documento rastrea la génesis del paradigma de sistemas en el estudio de las organizaciones en los Estados Unidos remontándose a las prácticas de ingeniería del siglo XIX. Los análisis empíricos para el periodo 1879-1932 se basan en los datos primarios recogidos de las tres publicaciones periódicas en que por primera vez se codificó y cristalizó el estudio de las organizaciones: Engineering Magazine, American Machinist, y ASME Transactions. Se halló que la evolución del paradigma de sistemas fue un producto de por lo menos tres fuerzas que forman una gestalt interactuante: (1 los esfuerzos de los ingenieros mecánicos que buscaban legitimidad industrial y cuyo paradigma profesional se virtió dentro del campo organizacional; (2 el periodo progresista (1900-1917 Y su retórica sobre profesionalismo, igualdad, orden y progreso; y (3 la agitación laboral, la que se percibía como una amenaza al orden económico y social estable. El documento proporciona una interpretación cultural y política, más que una funcional y económica, al surgimiento del pensamiento administrativo y la evolución de la teoría de la organización.

  19. Mutation and genomic amplification of the PIK3CA proto-oncogene in pituitary adenomas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murat, C.B.; Braga, P.B.S.; Fortes, M.A.H.Z.; Bronstein, M.D.; Corrêa-Giannella, M.L.C.; Giorgi, R.R.

    2012-01-01

    The tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas is poorly understood. Mutations of the PIK3CA proto-oncogene, which encodes the p110-α catalytic subunit of PI3K, have been reported in various types of human cancers regarding the role of the gene in cell proliferation and survival through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Only one Chinese study described somatic mutations and amplification of the PIK3CA gene in a large series of pituitary adenomas. The aim of the present study was to determine genetic alterations of PIK3CA in a second series that consisted of 33 pituitary adenomas of different subtypes diagnosed by immunohistochemistry: 6 adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting microadenomas, 5 growth hormone-secreting macroadenomas, 7 prolactin-secreting macroadenomas, and 15 nonfunctioning macroadenomas. Direct sequencing of exons 9 and 20 assessed by qPCR was employed to investigate the presence of mutations and genomic amplification defined as a copy number ≥4. Previously identified PIK3CA mutations (exon 20) were detected in four cases (12.1%). Interestingly, the Chinese study reported mutations only in invasive tumors, while we found a PIK3CA mutation in one noninvasive corticotroph microadenoma. PIK3CA amplification was observed in 21.2% (7/33) of the cases. This study demonstrates the presence of somatic mutations and amplifications of the PIK3CA gene in a second series of pituitary adenomas, corroborating the previously described involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the tumorigenic process of this gland

  20. Mutation and genomic amplification of the PIK3CA proto-oncogene in pituitary adenomas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Murat, C.B.; Braga, P.B.S.; Fortes, M.A.H.Z. [Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Brazil); Bronstein, M.D. [Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Brazil); Corrêa-Giannella, M.L.C.; Giorgi, R.R. [Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2012-07-13

    The tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas is poorly understood. Mutations of the PIK3CA proto-oncogene, which encodes the p110-α catalytic subunit of PI3K, have been reported in various types of human cancers regarding the role of the gene in cell proliferation and survival through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Only one Chinese study described somatic mutations and amplification of the PIK3CA gene in a large series of pituitary adenomas. The aim of the present study was to determine genetic alterations of PIK3CA in a second series that consisted of 33 pituitary adenomas of different subtypes diagnosed by immunohistochemistry: 6 adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting microadenomas, 5 growth hormone-secreting macroadenomas, 7 prolactin-secreting macroadenomas, and 15 nonfunctioning macroadenomas. Direct sequencing of exons 9 and 20 assessed by qPCR was employed to investigate the presence of mutations and genomic amplification defined as a copy number ≥4. Previously identified PIK3CA mutations (exon 20) were detected in four cases (12.1%). Interestingly, the Chinese study reported mutations only in invasive tumors, while we found a PIK3CA mutation in one noninvasive corticotroph microadenoma. PIK3CA amplification was observed in 21.2% (7/33) of the cases. This study demonstrates the presence of somatic mutations and amplifications of the PIK3CA gene in a second series of pituitary adenomas, corroborating the previously described involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the tumorigenic process of this gland.

  1. Apelo ao consenso e impossibilidades da retórica: o caso do XI governo constitucional português

    OpenAIRE

    Lopo, Teresa Teixeira

    2016-01-01

    Resumo Neste artigo analisa-se como se formulou o apelo ao consenso no discurso pedagógico oficial do XI governo constitucional português, considerando os valores orientadores do processo de decisão e as crenças associadas ao impacto da política educativa e os seus resultados, em termos dos consensos alcançados na relação com os partidos políticos com representação parlamentar. Verificou-se ter sido uma construção retórica feliz do discurso, a desencadear, para além da concordância naturalmen...

  2. Biological aspects and tumorigenic activity of the Ras proto-oncogenic family Aspectos biológicos e atividade tumorigênica da família proto-oncogênica Ras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliano André Boquett

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Proto-oncogenes play an important role in the regulation of the cellular cycle, being critical to the tumorigenesis. In this category we can find the RAS family. Due to the high transformation potential of these genes, this family is the best described and most studied one. It is formed by the H-, K- and the N-RAS genes, that codify highly related proteins expressed in several types of cells, denominated p21.These proteins act in the sign transduction from the membrane to the nucleus, as well as in the control of proliferation, differentiation and cellular death, and they are regulated by the interaction with GDP (inactive and GTP (active. These proteins show variation in only 10 - 15% of the primary structure, in the C-terminal portion denominated hyper-variant region. When in the oncogenic form, the p21 proteins remain active, providing continuous stimuli to the cellular proliferation. Among the RAS genes, K-RAS ones have been the most studied for presenting more frequent mutations and for being present in more aggressive tumors, implying the patients’ shorter survival time. Due to these facts and relative bibliography lack in the Portuguese language on this family, we presented in this work a systematized and updated review on the RAS genes. Os proto-oncogenes desempenham importante papel na regulação do ciclo celular, e são críticos à tumorigênese. Nessa categoria se encontra a família RAS, que, devido ao elevado potencial transformante dos genes que a compõem, é uma das mais bem descritas e estudadas. É formada pelos genes H-, K- e N-RAS, que codificam proteínas altamente relacionadas expressas em vários tipos de células, denominadas p21. Estas atuam na transdução de sinal da membrana ao núcleo, estão envolvidas no controle da proliferação, diferenciação e morte celular e são reguladas pela interação com GDP (inativa e GTP (ativa. As proteínas p21 diferem em apenas 10-15% da sua estrutura primária, na porção C

  3. Retórica clásica y redes on line: dos realidades convergentes y análogas. Perspectivas y prospectivas de 9 expertos en Comunicación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inma Berlanga

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende probar la relación entre la retórica clásica y las redes sociales on line como realidades convergentes y análogas, así como las sinergias que entre ellas se establecen en aras de una comunicación más persuasiva y eficaz. Para este objetivo se sirve de la técnica cualitativa de la entrevista en profundidad a expertos en el tema, que resellen nuestra hipótesis sobre estas mutuas transferencias. En un momento de éxtasis de la comunicación, mediado por el boom de las redes on line, redescubrir los principios retóricos originales puede ser de alta pertinencia a fin de devolver a la comunicación su faceta más humana y creativa.

  4. Targeting of the tumor suppressor GRHL3 by a miR-21-dependent proto-oncogenic network results in PTEN loss and tumorigenesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Darido, Charbel; Georgy, Smitha R; Wilanowski, Tomasz; Dworkin, Sebastian; Auden, Alana; Zhao, Quan; Rank, Gerhard; Srivastava, Seema; Finlay, Moira J; Papenfuss, Anthony T; Pandolfi, Pier Paolo; Pearson, Richard B; Jane, Stephen M

    2011-11-15

    Despite its prevalence, the molecular basis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the developmental transcription factor Grhl3 as a potent tumor suppressor of SCC in mice, and demonstrate that targeting of Grhl3 by a miR-21-dependent proto-oncogenic network underpins SCC in humans. Deletion of Grhl3 in adult epidermis evokes loss of expression of PTEN, a direct GRHL3 target, resulting in aggressive SCC induced by activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Restoration of Pten expression completely abrogates SCC formation. Reduced levels of GRHL3 and PTEN are evident in human skin, and head and neck SCC, associated with increased expression of miR-21, which targets both tumor suppressors. Our data define the GRHL3-PTEN axis as a critical tumor suppressor pathway in SCC. 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Ensayo Acerca de la Supervivencia o no del Culto a los Muertos Prehispánico en el México Actual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Akira Gustavo Casillas de la Vega

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Examen acerca de la importancia de la celebración del día de muertos en el México actual. Se plantea el problema de su posible pervivencia desde los tiempos prehispánicos o no, de acuerdo con las posturas científicas contemporáneas. Para este fin, se analiza brevemente el contexto en el que presuntamente se originó el culto a los muertos en el México actual: los dos últimos tercios del siglo XVI, posteriormente a la conquista del territorio mesoamericano por los españoles. El objetivo del ensayo consiste, pues, en dotar a dicho fenómeno cultural de un significado más ajustado a la realidad (históricamente construido y menos aproximado a la retórica de las “políticas en turno”; en hacer notar su importancia para la Nación mexicana, y las ciencias sociales de la actualidad, como fuente para el conocimiento de formas de vida pasadas. Se llama la atención acerca de la necesidad de realizar estudios transdisciplinarios, en regiones y etnias específicos, según su evolución a lo largo de los siglos. Para, entonces, obtener una mejor perspectiva de cómo pudieron haber sido las sociedades prehispánicas.

  6. MEDICINA Y SALUD, BASES DEL DESARROLLO Y DE LA PAZ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Belisario Betancur

    1985-08-01

    Full Text Available

    La reunión de este grupo selecto de especialistas de alta calificación intelectual en las innovaciones hacia el mejoramiento de la salud en las Américas, es una oportunidad propicia para hacer algunas reflexiones que inciten a nuevas reflexiones, a auditorio tan calificado y docto.

    Lo haré con palabras que ayuden a un profrano a escapar del especialismo del tema y que escapen de la retórica, para seguir el consejo del Canto XII de la Eneida, en el cual lapix cura la grave herida de Eneas con sus solas manos y sus solas hierbas, es decir mediante la muta ars o las artes mudas del curar. Sobre lo cual recuerda el profesor Pedro Laín Entralgo que aunque aparezca episódico, esla liberación de la medicina de los augurios, supersticiones y de la cítara, como reacción -según palabras de Sorano- y como repudio, cuando dice: "jáctanse necia y vanamente quienes creen que la fuerza de la enfermedad puede ser expelida con melodías y cantos".

    l. UN OFICIO EMPIRICO La realidad es que la medicina está íntimamente ligada ·a las ciencias físicas y naturales, ya que hasta un pasado sorprendentemente reciente, fue de carácter empírico, habiéndose confundido, en sus remotos orígenes, con la magia y las artes religiosas primitivas, al punto de que por muchos siglos se ejerció como un arte y se desarrolló como un oficio artesanal y empírico. y la verdad es que el ordenamiento y la racionalización del conocimiento médico, es el que marca la transición de la medicina como arte a la medicina como ciencia. El origen de las ciencias físicas se remonta a la observación de los fenómenos naturales, y el de las ciencias naturales a la observación de las plantas y de los animales: la medicina, obviamente, nació con los primeros esfuerzos conscientes del hombre primitivo para controlar o prevenirla enfermedad...

  7. Expression of proto-oncogene KIT is up-regulated in subset of human meningiomas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saini Masum

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background KIT is a proto-oncogene involved in diverse neoplastic processes. Aberrant kinase activity of the KIT receptor has been targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI therapy in different neoplasias. In all the earlier studies, KIT expression was reported to be absent in meningiomas. However, we observed KIT mRNA expression in some meningioma cases. This prompted us to undertake its detailed analyses in meningioma tissues resected during 2008–2009. Methods Tumor tissues and matched peripheral blood samples collected from meningioma patients were used for detailed molecular analyses. KIT expression was ascertained immunohistochemically and validated by immunoblotting. KIT and KITLG transcript levels were discerned by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR. Similarly, KIT amplification and allele loss were assessed by quantitative real-time (qPCR and validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH on the neoplastic tissues. Possible alterations of the gene at the nucleotide level were analyzed by sequencing. Results Contrary to earlier reports, KIT expression, was detected immunohistochemically in 20.6% meningioma cases (n = 34. Receptor (KIT and ligand (KITLG transcripts monitored by RT-qPCR were found to co-express (p = 0.048 in most of the KIT immunopositive tumors. 1/7 KIT positive meningiomas showed allele loss corroborated by reduced FISH signal in the corresponding neoplastic tissue. Sequence analysis of KIT showed M541L substitution in exon 10, in one of the immunopositive cases. However, its biological consequence remains to be uncovered. Conclusions This study clearly demonstrates KIT over-expression in the human meningiomas. The data suggest that up-regulated KIT transcription (p  0.05, is a likely mechanism responsible for altered KIT expression. Thus, KIT is a potential candidate for detailed investigation in the context of meningioma pathogenesis.

  8. Expression of proto-oncogene KIT is up-regulated in subset of human meningiomas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saini, Masum; Jha, Ajaya Nand; Abrari, Andleeb; Ali, Sher

    2012-01-01

    KIT is a proto-oncogene involved in diverse neoplastic processes. Aberrant kinase activity of the KIT receptor has been targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in different neoplasias. In all the earlier studies, KIT expression was reported to be absent in meningiomas. However, we observed KIT mRNA expression in some meningioma cases. This prompted us to undertake its detailed analyses in meningioma tissues resected during 2008–2009. Tumor tissues and matched peripheral blood samples collected from meningioma patients were used for detailed molecular analyses. KIT expression was ascertained immunohistochemically and validated by immunoblotting. KIT and KITLG transcript levels were discerned by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Similarly, KIT amplification and allele loss were assessed by quantitative real-time (qPCR) and validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the neoplastic tissues. Possible alterations of the gene at the nucleotide level were analyzed by sequencing. Contrary to earlier reports, KIT expression, was detected immunohistochemically in 20.6% meningioma cases (n = 34). Receptor (KIT) and ligand (KITLG) transcripts monitored by RT-qPCR were found to co-express (p = 0.048) in most of the KIT immunopositive tumors. 1/7 KIT positive meningiomas showed allele loss corroborated by reduced FISH signal in the corresponding neoplastic tissue. Sequence analysis of KIT showed M541L substitution in exon 10, in one of the immunopositive cases. However, its biological consequence remains to be uncovered. This study clearly demonstrates KIT over-expression in the human meningiomas. The data suggest that up-regulated KIT transcription (p < 0.001), instead of gene amplification (p > 0.05), is a likely mechanism responsible for altered KIT expression. Thus, KIT is a potential candidate for detailed investigation in the context of meningioma pathogenesis

  9. BASIC

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Pelle Guldborg; Schmidt, Karsten

    2017-01-01

    De sidste 10 år har vi været vidner til opkomsten af et nyt evidensbaseret policy paradigme, Behavioural Public Policy (BPP), der søger at integrere teoretiske og metodiske indsigter fra adfærdsvidenskaberne i offentlig politikudvikling. Arbejdet med BPP har dog båret præg af, at være usystematisk...... BPP. Tilgangen består dels af den overordnede proces-model BASIC og dels af et iboende framework, ABCD, der er en model for systematisk adfærdsanalyse, udvikling, test og implementering af adfærdsrettede løsningskoncepter. Den samlede model gør det muligt for forskere såvel som offentligt ansatte...

  10. Análisis iconográfico de la publicidad audiovisual de perfumes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paloma Fernández Fernández

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La publicidad como crisol en el que se combinan elementos de nuestra cultura visible con conceptos e imágenes inconscientes, es analizada en esta investigación para conocer los elementos retóricos y narrativos que posibilitan  que el mensaje sea más completo y universal que el anuncio de un producto o marca. En los anuncios del sector de la perfumería se aprecian relatos de gran complejidad que, siguiendo la teoría de los arquetipos de C. G. Jung, se concretan en modelos humanos intemporales. El modelo de análisis desarrollado se aplica al caso del anuncio del perfume J’Adore de Dior emitido entre 2008-12, evidenciando la utilización de recursos estilísticos y retóricos en un relato que se construye en torno al mito de Afrodita como materialización del concepto de la creatividad a través de la belleza y la sensualidad. El modelo de análisis analiza el contenido y la forma del discurso publicitario.

  11. Los sermones de Valdivia: distribución de lugares, didáctica y polémica en un testimonio del choque de dos culturas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kosel, Ana Carina

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available Not available.

    En el presente trabajo se analiza un corpus de sermones jesuíticos del siglo XVII, destinados a la prédica entre las tribus araucanas en Chile. A través de marcas textuales, tales como el uso de los pronombres personales, los recursos retóricos, el discurso referido y demás manifestaciones de subjetividad, los textos construyen una posición privilegiada para el enunciador, quien se legitima como portador de la Verdad frente a una cultura y una religión diferentes, que se consideran falsas y pecaminosas. Estos textos exhiben un abanico de estrategias para imponer un modo de vida sobre otro y evidencian los prejuicios y las representaciones que sobre los indígenas manejaban entonces quienes debían incorporarlos a la Cristiandad. Los sermones de Valdivia constituyen un testimonio del desencuentro, la violencia (simbólica, en este caso y la expropiación cultural que produjo la Conquista.

  12. ExRET-Opt: An automated exergy/exergoeconomic simulation framework for building energy retrofit analysis and design optimisation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    García Kerdan, Iván; Raslan, Rokia; Ruyssevelt, Paul; Morillón Gálvez, David

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Development of a building retrofit-oriented exergoeconomic-based optimisation tool. • A new exergoeconomic cost-benefit indicator is developed for design comparison. • Thermodynamic and thermal comfort variables used as constraints and/or objectives. • Irreversibilities and exergetic cost for end-use processes are substantially reduced. • Robust methodology that should be pursued in everyday building retrofit practice. - Abstract: Energy simulation tools have a major role in the assessment of building energy retrofit (BER) measures. Exergoeconomic analysis and optimisation is a common practice in sectors such as the power generation and chemical processes, aiding engineers to obtain more energy-efficient and cost-effective energy systems designs. ExRET-Opt, a retrofit-oriented modular-based dynamic simulation framework has been developed by embedding a comprehensive exergy/exergoeconomic calculation method into a typical open-source building energy simulation tool (EnergyPlus). The aim of this paper is to show the decomposition of ExRET-Opt by presenting modules, submodules and subroutines used for the framework’s development as well as verify the outputs with existing research data. In addition, the possibility to perform multi-objective optimisation analysis based on genetic-algorithms combined with multi-criteria decision making methods was included within the simulation framework. This addition could potentiate BER design teams to perform quick exergy/exergoeconomic optimisation, in order to find opportunities for thermodynamic improvements along the building’s active and passive energy systems. The enhanced simulation framework is tested using a primary school building as a case study. Results demonstrate that the proposed simulation framework provide users with thermodynamic efficient and cost-effective designs, even under tight thermodynamic and economic constraints, suggesting its use in everyday BER practice.

  13. Risøs årsrapport 2005. Opfølgning på planerne for året 2005

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2006-01-01

    Risøs årsrapport 2005 er en opfølgning på planerne for Risøs virksomhed i 2005. Risøs bestyrelse skal som led i resultatkontrakten med Ministeriet for Videnskab, Teknologi og Udvikling aflægge årlige rapporter om opfyldelsen af de fastlagte resultatkrav.Nærværende rapport indeholder data til brug...... for denne vurdering. Derudover gives et billede af Risøs økonomi og faglige aktiviteter, der relateres til Risøs mission, vision og strategi. Rapportering af årets resultater er baseret på det interneplanlægnings- og opfølgningssystem, og rapporten er opbygget efter Økonomistyrelsens nye koncept...... for årsrapporter....

  14. Fattori di crescita e recettori tirosin chinasici nelle neoplasie e displasie degli animali domestici

    OpenAIRE

    Muscatello, Luisa Vera

    2016-01-01

    La perdita della comunicazione cellulare può portare ad una crescita deregolata e dunque alla trasformazione neoplastica. Gli scopi dello studio di dottorato sono stati di individuare il rapporto funzionale di alcuni fattori di crescita (FC) e dei loro recettori (RTC) in tipi di neoplasie e displasie degli animali domestici, quali: 1. Amplificazione del proto-oncogene ERBB2 e sovra-espressione del RTC erb-b2. in tumori mammari della gatta. 2. Espressione di erb-b2, di recettori ormonal...

  15. El asterisco barroco: urbanismo y retórica (poética)

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz, Facundo

    2009-01-01

    De carácter ensayístico, el siguiente trabajo busca pensar cierta lógica de construcción estética que aparece, nítidamente, en el siglo XVII y bajo el diseño (dinámico) del plano en asterisco. Cierta configuración política del Estado-nación, así como la creciente extensión de un dominio imperialcolonial de la economía, ponen en primer plano el problema del espacio (y del control de su infinitud). Este fenómeno, entre otros, lleva a retrazar la antigua ciudad medieval y a reconfigu...

  16. Sermão I de Santa Catarina: Latim e Retórica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Bortolanza

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo mostra um pequeno resultado do projeto de pesquisa Ánálise do Latim empregado por Vieira em seus Sermões’. O latim é a própria retórica de Vieira e o levantamento das citações latinas permite reconstruir todo seu labor intelectual. É o que me proponho demonstrar no Sermão I de Santa Catarina, que tem como epígrafe e mote apenas a expressão latina ne forte. A expressão é extraída da frase das virgens prudentes ne forte sufficiat nobis et vobis. Esse “para que não por acaso” passa a ser explorado a partir da etimologia forte > Fortuna, esta, por sua vez, representada pela roda, a roda da Fortuna, sempre instável. E a roda, com a palma e a espada, é um dos troféus da vitória da virgem mártir Catarina em sua imagem. Desfilam frases dos textos sagrados e de clássicos, como Sêneca, Plínio e Plutarco.

  17. Producción de café (Coffea arabica L. en función de las propiedades del suelo, en dos localidades de Quindío, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Adriana Lince Salazar

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available La producción agrícola es afectada por los componentes suelo, clima y manejo del sistema, los cuales al interactuar originan más de 50 factores que influyen de diferente forma en el cultivo. Con el objetivo de identificar las propiedades del suelo que determinan en mayor grado la producción de café, se realizó una investigación en dos localidades del departamento del Quindío, Colombia, entre los años 2011 y 2012, en lotes de café de 1,0 ha, plantados con variedad Castillo® de tres años de edad y fertilizados según los análisis de suelos. Se tomaron muestras de suelo cada 10 m en forma de retícula, a una profundidad de 0 a 20 cm y se analizaron 31 propiedades físicas y químicas. Cada muestra estaba conformada por cuatro muestras simples, tomadas en el plato de los árboles colindantes, a los que se les registró la producción de café cereza durante 21 meses. En general, la producción fue explicada entre 17,89% y 41,16%, por pocas propiedades, entre ellas porosidad, textura, profundidad del horizonte A, y contenidos de materia orgánica, S, B y Mn. 

  18. Papel del diacilglicerol en el tráfico de membranas en la zona entre el retículo endoplasmático y el complejo de Golgi, El

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Ulibarri, Inés

    2008-01-01

    DE LA TESIS:El DAG es esencial para formar los intermediarios de transporte que se dirigen a la membrana plasmática. Sin embargo, no existen evidencias de su posible participación en las etapas tempranas de la vía secretora. Por tanto, nos centramos en averiguar la implicación del DAG en el transporte de proteínas en la zona del ER/Golgi. Para ello, utilizamos una variedad de fármacos conocidos que inhiben las enzimas responsables de la producción del DAG. Nuestros datos indican que el DAG es...

  19. El Papel del diacilglicerol en el tráfico de membranas en la zona entre el retículo endoplasmático y el complejo de Golgi

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Ulibarri, Inés

    2008-01-01

    [spa] DE LA TESIS: El DAG es esencial para formar los intermediarios de transporte que se dirigen a la membrana plasmática. Sin embargo, no existen evidencias de su posible participación en las etapas tempranas de la vía secretora. Por tanto, nos centramos en averiguar la implicación del DAG en el transporte de proteínas en la zona del ER/Golgi. Para ello, utilizamos una variedad de fármacos conocidos que inhiben las enzimas responsables de la producción del DAG. Nuestros datos indican que el...

  20. Beredskab eller intern sikkerhed?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Breitenbauch, Henrik Ø.

    2012-01-01

    form af f.eks. nationale modeller for borgerinddragelse i forskellige dimensioner. Selvom udviklingen i beredskabstænkningen har været drevet af USA ikke mindst siden 11. september 2001, så er det særligt EU som er interessant for Danmark. Dels er EU-samarbejdet forpligtende, dels fokuserer EU på...

  1. A nova retórica do grande capital: a publicidade brasileira entre o neoliberalismo e a democratização

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Eduarda da Mota Rocha

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: O artigo analisa a emergência de uma nova retórica do grande capital, na publicidade brasileira contemporânea, a partir das relações entre três níveis: o do contexto político e econômico, o do campo publicitário e o dos anúncios. Estas relações permitem explicar as transformações dos valores fundamentais que informam o discurso publicitário, entendido como a retórica do capital, a quem cabe construir a boa vontade da “opinião pública” e converter parte desta em consumidores efetivos dos produtos e serviços. Por isso, os valores em torno dos quais se organizam os anúncios revelam as estratégias de legitimação do capital, no conteúdo que atribuem à imagem de uma “vida plena”. A nova retórica do grande capital é marcada por estratégias narrativas que têm como centro os “conceitos” de “qualidade de vida” e de “responsabilidade social”, em detrimento dos “conceitos” de “status” e “tecnologia” que marcaram a publicidade do período anterior. Abstract: The article analyzes the emergence of big capital new rhetoric in the contemporary Brazilian advertisements, based on the relationships among three levels: the economical and political context, the advertising field, and the advertisements themselves. These relationships allow us to explain the transformations of the basic values that inform the advertisement discourse, understood here as the rhetoric of the capital, that has the task of constructing the good will of public opinion and convert part of them into effective products and services consumers. Therefore, the values around which the ads organize reveal the legitimating strategies of the capital in the contents that attribute to the image of a full life. The new rhetoric of the big capital is marked by narrative strategies that have at the center the concepts of quality of life and social responsibility, in detriment of the concepts of status and technology that have marked the

  2. Cuando Cristo "se metió" a El Islote: culto evangélico, atmósfera ritual e interacciones sociales en un territorio insular del Caribe colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Leiva Espitia

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se basa en una etnografía del culto evangélico que se practica en El Islote, un territorio del Caribe colombiano que se caracteriza por su alta densidad demográfica. Pretendo ilustrar una forma de religiosidad discontinua y fluctuante encarnada en la figura de dos pastores itinerantes, por medio de la descripción y el análisis de su incursión en la isla en el año 2010. Esta aproximación se presenta como una alternativa a la mayoría de los estudios sobre la presencia evangélica en Colombia, que se refieren a la existencia coherente y estable de las iglesias urbanas. Aquí me concentraré en la realización local del culto evangélico, entendido como un escenario provisto de dispositivos rituales como la música y las habilidades retóricas de los pastores, por cuyo medio se hacen explícitas situaciones de la vida social que en las interacciones cotidianas tienen generalmente una condición tácita.

  3. “Los embrujos secretos del trópico”. Frontera amazónica y producción del espacio estatal en la obra cinematográfica de Jorge Ruiz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Pareja

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo estudia la obra cinematográfica de Jorge Ruiz utilizando la teoría socio-espacial de Henri Lefebvre. Argumenta que sus documentales, películas etnográficas y noticieros para el cine constituyen una totalidad discursiva que presenta estéticamente la producción del espacio estatal boliviano durante el siglo XX. A partir de una retórica audiovisual que juega con nociones de verticalidad, horizontalidad y centralidad, la obra de Ruiz posiciona el espacio andino como el eje de la modernización estatal y sitúa  a la cuenca amazónica en los márgenes del estado. Concluye que hacer visible la región amazónica en el discurso de la nación tuvo como efecto el desplazamiento de los antagonismos de clase en favor del conflicto entre centro y regiones.This article studies the cinematography of Jorge Ruiz making use of the socio-spatial theory of Henri Lefebvre. It argues that his documentaries, ethnographic films and newsreels for the cinema constitute a discursive totality that presents aesthetically the production of the Bolivian state space during the twentieth century. From an audiovisual rhetoric that plays with notions of verticality, horizontality and centrality, Ruiz’s work locates Andean space as the focal point of state modernization and situates the Amazon basin at the margins of the state. It concludes that in making the Amazon region visible in the nation’s discourse this had the effect of displacing class antagonisms in favor of the conflict between center and regions.

  4. Chromosomal Rainbows detect Oncogenic Rearrangements of Signaling Molecules in Thyroid Tumors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    O' Brien, Benjamin; Jossart, Gregg H.; Ito, Yuko; Greulich-Bode, Karin M.; Weier, Jingly F.; Munne, Santiago; Clark, Orlo H.; Weier, Heinz-Ulrich G.

    2010-08-19

    Altered signal transduction can be considered a hallmark of many solid tumors. In thyroid cancers the receptor tyrosine kinase (rtk) genes NTRK1 (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man = OMIM *191315, also known as 'TRKA'), RET ('Rearranged during Transfection protooncogene', OMIM *164761) and MET (OMIM *164860) have been reported as activated, rearranged or overexpressed. In many cases, a combination of cytogenetic and molecular techniques allows elucidation of cellular changes that initiate tumor development and progression. While the mechanisms leading to overexpression of the rtk MET gene remain largely unknown, a variety of chromosomal rearrangements of the RET or NTKR1 gene could be demonstrated in thyroid cancer. Abnormal expressions in these tumors seem to follow a similar pattern: the rearrangement translocates the 3'-end of the rtk gene including the entire catalytic domain to an expressed gene leading to a chimeric RNA and protein with kinase activity. Our research was prompted by an increasing number of reports describing translocations involving ret and previously unknown translocation partners. We developed a high resolution technique based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to allow rapid screening for cytogenetic rearrangements which complements conventional chromosome banding analysis. Our technique applies simultaneous hybridization of numerous probes labeled with different reporter molecules which are distributed along the target chromosome allowing the detection of cytogenetic changes at near megabase-pair (Mbp) resolution. Here, we report our results using a probe set specific for human chromosome 10, which is altered in a significant portion of human thyroid cancers (TC's). While rendering accurate information about the cytogenetic location of rearranged elements, our multi-locus, multi-color analysis was developed primarily to overcome limitations of whole chromosome painting (WCP) and chromosome banding

  5. Vandetanib for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic hereditary medullary thyroid cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wells, Samuel A; Gosnell, Jessica E; Gagel, Robert F; Moley, Jeffrey; Pfister, David; Sosa, Julie A; Skinner, Michael; Krebs, Annetta; Vasselli, James; Schlumberger, Martin

    2010-02-10

    PURPOSE There is no effective therapy for patients with distant metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Activating mutations in the RET proto-oncogene cause hereditary MTC, which provides a strong therapeutic rationale for targeting RET kinase activity. This open-label, phase II study assessed the efficacy of vandetanib, a selective oral inhibitor of RET, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, in patients with advanced hereditary MTC. METHODS Patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic hereditary MTC received initial treatment with once-daily oral vandetanib 300 mg. The dose was adjusted additionally in some patients on the basis of observed toxicity until disease progression or any other withdrawal criterion was met. The primary assessment was objective tumor response (by RECIST [Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors]). Results Thirty patients received initial treatment with vandetanib 300 mg/d. On the basis of investigator assessments, 20% of patients (ie, six of 30 patients) experienced a confirmed partial response (median duration of response at data cutoff, 10.2 months). An additional 53% of patients (ie, 16 of 30 patients) experienced stable disease at >/= 24 weeks, which yielded a disease control rate of 73% (ie, 22 of 30 patients). In 24 patients, serum calcitonin levels showed a 50% or greater decrease from baseline that was maintained for at least 4 weeks; 16 patients showed a similar reduction in serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels. The most common adverse events were diarrhea (70%), rash (67%), fatigue (63%), and nausea (63%). CONCLUSION In this study, vandetanib demonstrated durable objective partial responses and disease control with a manageable adverse event profile. These results demonstrate that vandetanib may provide an effective therapeutic option in patients with advanced hereditary MTC, a rare disease for which there has been no effective therapy.

  6. ADOPTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (RET) IN TOURISM INDUSTRY- (A CASE OF OSOGBO AND OLORUNDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA)

    OpenAIRE

    Sonubi, O.K.; Ogunjimi, A. A.; Adeyemo, A. I.

    2017-01-01

    Hotel accommodation in Nigeria is comparatively more expensive than its neighbours in the sub region of West Africa. It is one of the most expensive globally. This is attributable to its operating environment. Any sustainable means of reducing running costs would be most welcome. A study on adoption of renewable energy technologies (RET) was conducted in Osogbo and Olorunda Local Government Areas of Osun State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from registered hotels in the two local government are...

  7. Afståelsesret og andre former for lejerskifte

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Faber, Louise

    Afståelsesret og andre former for lejerskifte indeholder en analyse af lejerens adgang til at overdrage sit lejemål til en ny lejer.  Bogen bygger på forfatterens ph.d. afhandling.  Bogen er opdelt i to dele, en almindelig del, og en speciel del. I bogens almindelige del undersøges spørgsmålet, om...... lejerens ret til lejerskifte, når der ikke er taget stilling i lejeaftalen. Her fastlægges baggrundsretten med udgangspunkt i de obligationsretlige grundsætninger. I denne kontekst beskrives fremlejeretten, lejerens nærtståendes forsættelses- eller overtagelsesret ved lejrens død, skilsmisse m.v., og...... tillige retstillingen når lejeaftalen er indgået med flere lejere, et I/S, et ApS eller et A/S.  I bogens specielle del undersøges lejerens ret til at afstå eller genindtræde lejeforholdet, når lejerens har afståelsesret og genindtrædelsesret ifølge af lejeaftalen. Denne undersøgelse berører udlejerens...

  8. Relato policial y el crimen que lo habita

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco de Undurraga

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available La aparición de publicidad y de novelas en serie en las portadas de periódicos franceses, apartir de 1836, marca la relación entre el género policial y los nuevos modos de visibilidad de la información en las sociedades industrializadas. Algunos ejemplos, tomados de un periódico de la época, la "Gazette des Tribunaux", permiten demostrar que la prensa estuvo desde sus comienzos vinculada a la literatura, si acaso no es una derivación de ella. E.A. Poe, creador del relato policial, conduce la retórica del morbo trabajada por Dante, Swift, Lautréamont y Baudelaire, de una apelación al lector, al orden del argumento y del procedimiento que lo estructura. En el relato policial conviven el discurso de lo que se cuenta, característico de la literatura, y el de la ciencia, pero solo en apariencia éste viene a suplantar a aquél, configurando de este modo su retórica.

  9. Comedia y Barroco. Narrativas del cuerpo en los círculos teatrales libertinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter Nelson Musich

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Nuestro análisis se centrará en las narrativas del cuerpo que se dejan entrever en dos producciones teatrales cómicas: en Le pédant joué (1654 de Cyrano de Bergerac y en Le malade imaginaire (1673 de Molière. Habiendo seleccionado el género cómico-satírico por su carácter irreverente que solapa bajo la risa la crítica (y en ella otra retórica sobre los cuerpos y escogiendo esta dupla de dramaturgos debido a su, reiteradamente marcada, pertenencia al grupo de los libertinos o librepensadores. La presente investigación parte de pensar que las condiciones políticas en las que se escribieron las piezas teatrales (fines inmediatos de la Fronda y plena consolidación del modelo absolutista con Luis XIV conjugadas con la peculiar construcción de la mirada de estos dramaturgos libertinos, como capaces de hablar desde una presunta lejanía y en algunos casos neutralidad, nos posibilitan encontrar otras contemplaciones y concepciones sobre los cuerpos en su proceso de producción social. Concepciones que en medio de una época marcada a fuego por la pertenencia estamentaria (estamentos en pleno proceso de redelimitación se organizan en narrativas y críticas sociopolíticas, inaugurando una proto-sociología.

  10. Poniendo al habitus en su lugar: réplica del simposio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loïc Wacquant

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available En respuesta a mis críticos, amplío la clarificación conceptual y la estipulación metodológica del habitus emprendida en “Homines in Extremis” para ayudarnos a movernos desde una sociología del cuerpo con un objeto socialmente constru-ído a una sociología desde el cuerpo como un vector de conocimiento, poder y práctica que está construyén-dose socialmente. La especificación del habitus según la pertenencia a colectivos, la vinculación con instituciones, y el propósito analítico hace que sea una noción multi-escalar flexible con la cual construir el individuo epistémico y dar cuenta de la reproducción y el cambio, el conformismo y la creatividad, así como también una auto-revisión. Para esto, debemos rechazar las interpretaciones teológicas que rígidamente encierran al habitus en el contexto de Bourdieu; evitar confundir las propiedades formales de la noción con sus características concretas en contextos y casos específicos; y distinguir entre la invocación retórica de sus conceptos (“hablando bourdesianamente” y la eficacia de su despliegue en la construcción del objeto empírico. Con su capacidad de corporizarse e incrustarse, el habitus aporta temporalidad, profundidad, y deseo al epicentro analítico. Nos recuerda que el mundo social no es transparente, abierto e instantáneo, sino dotado de gravedad, opacidad, y asimetría. Tratar al organismo sensible y hábil como fuente de inteligencia social y perspicacia sociológica puede ayudar a la ciencia social histórica a conectarse con una psicología enactiva y recuperar la carnalidad de la acción que los reportes convencionales de la vida social borran rutinariamente.

  11. Poniendo al habitus en su lugar: réplica del simposio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loïc Wacquant

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available En respuesta a mis críticos, amplío la clarificación conceptual y la estipulación metodológica del habitus emprendida en “Homines in Extremis” para ayudarnos a movernos desde una sociología del cuerpo con un objeto socialmente constru- ído a una sociología desde el cuerpo como un vector de conocimiento, poder y práctica que está construyén-dose socialmente. La especificación del habitus según la pertenencia a colectivos, la vinculación con instituciones, y el propósito analítico hace que sea una noción multi-escalar flexible con la cual construir el individuo epistémico y dar cuenta de la reproducción y el cambio, el conformismo y la creatividad, así como también una auto-revisión. Para esto, debemosrechazar las interpretaciones teológicas que rígidamente encierran al habitus en el contexto de Bourdieu; evitar confundir las propiedades formales de la noción con sus características concretas en contextos y casos específicos; y distinguir entre la invocación retórica de sus conceptos (“hablando bourdesianamente” y la eficacia de su despliegue en la construcción del objeto empírico. Con su capacidad de corporizarse e incrustarse, el habitus aporta temporalidad, profundidad, y deseo al epicentro analítico. Nosrecuerda que el mundo social no estransparente, abierto e instantáneo,sino dotado de gravedad, opacidad, y asimetría. Tratar al organismo sensible y hábil como fuente de inteligencia social y perspicacia sociológica puede ayudar a la ciencia social histórica a conectarse con una psicología enactiva y recuperar la carnalidad de la acción que los reportes convencionales de la vida social borran rutinariamente.

  12. Rutsjende dug - breddeopgave 73 med didaktisk kommentar

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Jens Højgaard

    2017-01-01

    Mit formål med artikelserien om breddeopgaver er - udover at gøre opmærksom på RUCs fysikuddannelse - dobbelt: Dels udvælger jeg opgaverne, så de kan have interesse som fysikproblemer i egen ret. Dels udvælger jeg dem med henblik på at kunne knytte didaktiske overvejelser til dem af interesse for...

  13. Inhibition of carcinogen induced c-Ha-ras and c-fos proto-oncogenes expression by dietary curcumin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lipigorngoson Suwiwek

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background We investigated the chemopreventive action of dietary curcumin on 7,12-dimethylbenz(aanthracene (DMBA-initiated and 12,0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA-promoted skin tumor formation in Swiss albino mice. Curcumin, a yellow coloring matter isolated from roots of Curcuma longa Linn, is a phenolic compound possessing antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and antiinflammatory properties. It has been shown by previously reported work that TPA-induced skin tumors were inhibited by topical application of curcumin, and curcumin has been shown to inhibit a variety of biological activities of TPA. Topical application of curcumin was reported to inhibit TPA-induced c-fos, c-jun and c-myc gene expression in mouse skin. This paper reports the effects of orally administered curcumin, which was consumed as a dietary component at concentrations of 0.2 % or 1 %, in ad libitum feeding. Results Animals in which tumors had been initiated with DMBA and promoted with TPA experienced significantly fewer tumors and less tumor volume if they ingested either 0.2% or 1% curcumin diets. Also, the dietary consumption of curcumin resulted in a significantly decreased expression of ras and fos proto-oncogenes in the tumorous skin, as measured by enhanced chemiluminesence Western blotting detection system (Amersham. Conclusions Whereas earlier work demonstrated that topical application of curcumin to mouse skin inhibited TPA-induced expression of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc oncogenes, our results are the first to show that orally consumed curcumin significantly inhibited DMBA- and TPA-induced ras and fos gene expression in mouse skin.

  14. Inhibition of carcinogen induced c-Ha-ras and c-fos proto-oncogenes expression by dietary curcumin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Limtrakul, Porn-ngarm; Anuchapreeda, Songyot; Lipigorngoson, Suwiwek; Dunn, Floyd W

    2001-01-01

    We investigated the chemopreventive action of dietary curcumin on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and 12,0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted skin tumor formation in Swiss albino mice. Curcumin, a yellow coloring matter isolated from roots of Curcuma longa Linn, is a phenolic compound possessing antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and antiinflammatory properties. It has been shown by previously reported work that TPA-induced skin tumors were inhibited by topical application of curcumin, and curcumin has been shown to inhibit a variety of biological activities of TPA. Topical application of curcumin was reported to inhibit TPA-induced c-fos, c-jun and c-myc gene expression in mouse skin. This paper reports the effects of orally administered curcumin, which was consumed as a dietary component at concentrations of 0.2 % or 1 %, in ad libitum feeding. Animals in which tumors had been initiated with DMBA and promoted with TPA experienced significantly fewer tumors and less tumor volume if they ingested either 0.2% or 1% curcumin diets. Also, the dietary consumption of curcumin resulted in a significantly decreased expression of ras and fos proto-oncogenes in the tumorous skin, as measured by enhanced chemiluminesence Western blotting detection system (Amersham). Whereas earlier work demonstrated that topical application of curcumin to mouse skin inhibited TPA-induced expression of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc oncogenes, our results are the first to show that orally consumed curcumin significantly inhibited DMBA- and TPA-induced ras and fos gene expression in mouse skin

  15. ESTUDIO MORFOLÓGICO DEL CULTIVO A LARGO PLAZO DE FOLÍCULOS AISLADOS Y CERRADOS DE TIROIDES DE CERDO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M HERRERA

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available La unidad morfológica y funcional de la glándula tiroides es el folículo, estructura ovoide cerrada, constituida por una capa de células cúbicas (tirocitos que encierran un lumen lleno del coloide secretado por ellas. En cultivo, tanto la estructura como la función del folículo se pierden rápidamente en las primeras 24 horas. Sin embargo, si se cultivan folículos cerrados de tiroides de rata conservan la arquitectura folicular, la morfología del tirocito y la función hasta la síntesis de hormonas tiroides de manera similar a la glándula in vivo. En este trabajo describimos el aislamiento y cultivo de folículos porcinos cerrados y su análisis morfológico. Los folículos se aíslan por digestión enzimática y disociación mecánica del parénquima tiroideo, luego se cultivan sobre agarosa con y sin hormona tirotrópica o tirotropina (1 mU/ml, TSH. El tejido de tiroides porcino obtenido tiene las mismas características de una glándula hipotiroidea in vivo, un epitelio casi plano, retículo endoplásmico rugoso (RER exiguo, complejo de Golgi (CG, y microvellosidades escasas y cortas. Los folículos cultivados sin TSH conservan la forma ovoide y el coloide en su interior, y la misma ultra-estructura del tejido in vivo, RER y CG muy escasos, pero con el tiempo de cultivo aumenta la longitud de la microvellosidades y el espesor del epitelio. En presencia de TSH el epitelio se hipertrofia desde el primer día y las cavidades foliculares se reducen considerablemente. Se demuestra que folículos cerrados de tiroides durante ocho días (d de cultivo conservan su morfología con y sin TSH. Además, estos responden al estímulo de TSH disminuyendo su cavidad folicular y aumentando el espesor del epitelio folicular.

  16. Differential expression of galectin-3, CK19, HBME1, and Ret oncoprotein in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms by fine needle aspiration biopsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saleh Husain

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB is a common and excellent procedure for the evaluation of thyroid lesions that require surgical resection. At times, the FNAB diagnosis can be difficult, particularly of follicular-patterned lesions. Previous studies have shown that some immunohistochemical (IHC markers may be helpful in establishing more accurate diagnosis. In this study, our goal was to evaluate four of the recently investigated markers in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules on FNABs. Materials and Methods: We performed IHC staining of galectin-3, Ret oncoprotein (Ret, HBME-1, and cytokeratin 19 (CK19, on cell block sections of thyroid FNAB cases that had corresponding surgical resections. They included 44 benign lesions (37 hyperplastic or cellular nodules, HN; and 7 follicular adenomas, FA and 27 malignant tumors (6 follicular carcinoma, FC; 19 classic papillary carcinoma, PTC; and 2 follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, FVPC. The stains were done according to the standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Results: Statistical analysis showed that immunoexpression was significantly higher in the malignant group for all four markers. The sensitivity for positive expression for all benign lesions versus malignant tumors was as follows: 10/44 (22.7% versus 25/27 (92.6% for galectin-3; 14/44 (31.8% versus 23/27 (85% for Ret; 12/44 (27.3% versus 24/27 (88.8% for HBME-1; and 13/44 (29.5% versus 23/27 (85% for CK19. The sensitivity and specificity was highest for galectin-3 (92.6% and 77.3%, respectively followed by HMBE-1 (88.9% and 72.7%, respectively. When combining the markers′ expressions, the panel of galectin-3 + HBME-1 showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (90.7% and 75%, respectively, but this was, however, lower than galectin-3 alone (92.3% and 77.3%, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that galectin-3 is the best single marker in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions with

  17. Sobre el sentimiento de vergüenza en la Ética Nicomaquea y la Retórica de Aristóteles

    OpenAIRE

    Gil Blasco, Marta

    2013-01-01

    En el siguiente estudio examinaremos el sentimiento de vergüenza desde dos planteamientos distintos formulados por Aristóteles: el de la Retórica, por una parte, y el de la Ética Nicomaquea, por otra, con la finalidad de dar cuenta de las diferencias, así como de los puntos de confluencia que existen entre ambos. Asimismo, consideraremos la intrincada conexión que existe entre la agencia humana y cuestiones tales como la voluntariedad, la responsabilidad y la culpa, así como el papel fundamen...

  18. La concejala antropófaga, Pedro Almodóvar (2009. Sexo, política y canibalismo: la puesta en escena del cuerpo grotesco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diane Bracco

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available En 2009, durante el rodaje de Los abrazos rotos, Pedro Almodóvar dirige un cortometraje cómico, La concejala antropófaga, pretexto a un juego de reescritura paródica y emblemático de las conexiones transtextuales que se establecen en toda la producción almodovariana. Este artículo se propone esbozar un análisis del relato fílmico desde la perspectiva grotesca bajtiniana. Se tratará de determinar en qué medida sexo, política y canibalismo se conjugan para forjar una figura grotesca propicia a una celebración de la materialidad del cuerpo, celebración teñida de sátira política. El personaje de la concejala golosa, cocainómana y ninfómana se caracteriza por una tendencia al desbordamiento – físico y verbal – y un exceso de vitalidad sintomáticos de la relación dialógica que ella mantiene con el mundo. Figura humana con vigor sobrehumano, aparece como un ser híbrido y monstruoso, un organismo excéntrico en el sentido grotesco del término, ansioso de devorar literalmente el mundo. Tal exaltación del cuerpo grotesco se plasma en un monólogo a medio camino entre la confesión íntima y el discurso político, verdadera sátira de la retórica derechista.

  19. LA MANIOBRA DEL ORDEN ARTIFICIAL EN EL BUEN CELO PREMIADO DE GONZALO DE CÉSPEDES Y MENESES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Rabell

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses publica El buen celo premiado en 1623, durante la atmósfera inquisitorial de la España contrarreformista, seis décadas después de que el Concilio de Trento estableciera leyes rígidas para controlar y castigar a aquellos sujetos que intentaran retar la autoridad de la Iglesia en materias tales como los sacramentos del matrimonio y la confesión, entre otros. La retórica legal y la ficción permiten a este texto desenmascarar el orden artificial por medio del cual tanto la ley como la historia construyen narraciones que cumplen el propósito complejo de insertar sujetos trasgresores al tejido social.Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses publishes El buen celo premiado in 1623, during the inquisitorial atmosphere of Counter-Reformation Spain, six decades after the Council of Trent established rigid laws in order to control and punish those subjects who dare to challenge the authority of the Church in matters such as the sacraments of marriage and confession, among others. Trough legal rhetoric and fiction, this text unmasks the artificial order by means of which both history and the law constructs their narrations in order to embed transgressors into the fabric of society.

  20. Afkølingstid - breddeopgaver 45-46 med didaktisk kommentar

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Jens Højgaard

    2011-01-01

    Mit formål med artikelserien om breddeopgaver er – udover at gøre opmærksom på RUCs fysikuddannelse – dobbelt: Dels udvælger jeg opgaverne, så de kan have interesse som fysikproblemer i egen ret. Dels udvælger jeg dem med henblik på at kunne knytte didaktiske overvejelser til dem af interesse...

  1. Primary hyperparathyroidism as the first clinical manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A in a 5-year-old child.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Magalhães, Patrícia Künzle Ribeiro; Antonini, Sonir Roberto Rauber; de Paula, Francisco José Albuquerque; de Freitas, Luiz Carlos Conti; Maciel, Léa Maria Zanini

    2011-05-01

    Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs in only 10%-30% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), rarely as the sole clinical manifestation, and is usually diagnosed after the third decade of life. A 5-year-old girl was referred for prophylactic thyroidectomy as she carried the p.C634R RET mutation. She was clinically asymptomatic, with a normally palpable thyroid and with the cervical region free of lymphadenopathy or other nodules. Preoperative tests revealed hypercalcemia associated with elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (calcium = 11.2 mg/dL, calcium ion = 1.48 mmol/L, phosphorus = 4.0 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase = 625 U/L, parathyroid hormone (PTH) PTH = 998 pg/mL). A thyroid ultrasound was normal and parathyroid scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-Sestamibi revealed an area of radioconcentration in the upper half of the left thyroid lobe suggesting hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. She underwent total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy and developed hypocalcemia. The anatomopathological examination showed no histopathological changes in the thyroid tissue and an adenoma of the parathyroid gland, confirming the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Primary hyperparathyroidism can be a precocious manifestation of MEN2A. This case report highlights that asymptomatic hypercalcemia should be scrutinized in children related to patients with MEN2A who carry a mutation in the RET proto-oncogene, especially mutations in the codon 634, before the currently recommended age of 8 years.

  2. Formaldehyde-induced histone H3 phosphorylation via JNK and the expression of proto-oncogenes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoshida, Ikuma; Ibuki, Yuko

    2014-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Formaldehyde modified histones. • The phosphorylation of H3S10 was increased at the promoter regions of proto-oncogenes. • The phosphorylation of H2AXS139 was attributed to FA-induced DNA damage. • The FA-induced initiation and promotion of cancer could be judged by these modifications. - Abstract: Formaldehyde (FA) is a very reactive compound that forms DNA adducts and DNA-protein crosslinks, which are known to contribute to FA-induced mutations and carcinogenesis. Post-translational modifications to histones have recently attracted attention due to their link with cancer. In the present study, we examined histone modifications following a treatment with FA. FA significantly phosphorylated histone H3 at serine 10 (H3S10), and at serine 28 (H3S28), the time-course of which was similar to the phosphorylation of H2AX at serine 139 (γ-H2AX), a marker of DNA double strand breaks. The temporal deacetylation of H3 was observed due to the reaction of FA with the lysine residues of histones. The phosphorylation mechanism was then analyzed by focusing on H3S10. The nuclear distribution of the phosphorylation of H3S10 and γ-H2AX did not overlap, and the phosphorylation of H3S10 could not be suppressed with an inhibitor of ATM/ATR, suggesting that the phosphorylation of H3S10 was independent of the DNA damage response. ERK and JNK in the MAPK pathways were phosphorylated by the treatment with FA, in which the JNK pathway was the main target for phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of H3S10 increased at the promoter regions of c-fos and c-jun, indicating a relationship between FA-induced tumor promotion activity and phosphorylation of H3S10. These results suggested that FA both initiates and promotes cancer, as judged by an analysis of histone modifications

  3. Formaldehyde-induced histone H3 phosphorylation via JNK and the expression of proto-oncogenes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yoshida, Ikuma; Ibuki, Yuko, E-mail: ibuki@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp

    2014-12-15

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Formaldehyde modified histones. • The phosphorylation of H3S10 was increased at the promoter regions of proto-oncogenes. • The phosphorylation of H2AXS139 was attributed to FA-induced DNA damage. • The FA-induced initiation and promotion of cancer could be judged by these modifications. - Abstract: Formaldehyde (FA) is a very reactive compound that forms DNA adducts and DNA-protein crosslinks, which are known to contribute to FA-induced mutations and carcinogenesis. Post-translational modifications to histones have recently attracted attention due to their link with cancer. In the present study, we examined histone modifications following a treatment with FA. FA significantly phosphorylated histone H3 at serine 10 (H3S10), and at serine 28 (H3S28), the time-course of which was similar to the phosphorylation of H2AX at serine 139 (γ-H2AX), a marker of DNA double strand breaks. The temporal deacetylation of H3 was observed due to the reaction of FA with the lysine residues of histones. The phosphorylation mechanism was then analyzed by focusing on H3S10. The nuclear distribution of the phosphorylation of H3S10 and γ-H2AX did not overlap, and the phosphorylation of H3S10 could not be suppressed with an inhibitor of ATM/ATR, suggesting that the phosphorylation of H3S10 was independent of the DNA damage response. ERK and JNK in the MAPK pathways were phosphorylated by the treatment with FA, in which the JNK pathway was the main target for phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of H3S10 increased at the promoter regions of c-fos and c-jun, indicating a relationship between FA-induced tumor promotion activity and phosphorylation of H3S10. These results suggested that FA both initiates and promotes cancer, as judged by an analysis of histone modifications.

  4. Del encierro al paraíso. Imaginarios dominantes en la escuela colombiana contemporánea: una mirada desde las escuelas de Bogotá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elsa María Bocanegra Acosta

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente es una síntesis de un estudio más amplio sobre l producción imaginaria en los modos de ser de las escuelas bogotanas a partir de diferenciar lo que se encuentra ya instalado como hecho real y concreto y lo que podría haber sido, en cuanto a lo que propone la discursividad del mismo objeto. Su objetivo fue poner en relación dos corrientes de estudio contemporáneo: los análisis del poder y sus arqueologías (Michel Foucault y los estudios de imaginarios (Armando Silva, donde se toman como objeto las percepciones sociales para comprender las improntas de la circulación de deseos expresada de modo colectivo. El principal aporte que se pretende es tejer argumentos de doble vía, poner en evidencia su mutua pertinencia y poner en diálogo estas dos corrientes del pensamiento para los análisis de la educación en las escuelas colombianas. En el aspecto metodológico se muestra la aplicación de distintas herramientas que van desde el uso de la estadística propia de las ciencias sociales, la elaboración de campos semánticos con los que trabajan los analistas del discurso y los análisis de imágenes y de retórica del lenguaje desarrolladas por las disciplinas hermenéuticas. Estas herramientas permitieron a la autora no sólo llegar al estudio espacial de la escuela, en cuanto a una continuidad de la arquitectura encerrada del antiguo hospicio, sino a establecer la relación con los discursos mismos elaborados sobre la escuela para verla en su doble percepción como lugar para la formación versus lugar para el aprendizaje.

  5. La cortesía lingüística en la publicidad editorial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernández Asunción Escribano

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Todas las estrategias corteses que refuerzan la imagen o el territorio de los dos polos del proceso comunicativo, emisor y receptor, o que mitigan la vulneración de ambos, se ponen en la retórica publicitaria editorial al servicio de la venta de los productos editoriales y librescos. La cortesía es recurrida, por tanto, en este ámbito comercial como modo de acercamiento al posible comprador mediante los refuerzos valorizantes de la imagen y del territorio, propios o ajenos, y atenuadores, en el caso de los actos descorteses. En este estudio nos acercamos a ocho maneras en las que la retórica editorial recurre a la cortesía para conseguir incrementar sus ventas mediante los usos lingüísticos intensificadores o mitigadores con los que las editoriales construyen y proyectan su mejor identidad.

  6. De la modestia en el arte: el MIAM

    OpenAIRE

    Herranz, Iñaki

    2009-01-01

    El presente artículo explora los alcances del discurso curatorial en el caso en que éste busca crear una permeabilidad de interpretación entre las estéticas y los significados del arte popular y aquellos del arte contemporáneo. El estudio se realiza mediante el análisis histórico, retórico e identitario del MIAM, un modelo de museo apegado a los preceptos de la nueva museología y orientado a una noción innovadora del arte, que abarca múltiples universos, formas y lenguajes de las artes visual...

  7. Estudio de las relaciones entre parámetros estructurales de sistemas porosos desordenados y la difusividad efectiva mediante Monte Carlo Cinético

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Ramírez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio del efecto de la porosidad y el tamaño de poro sobre las propiedades de transporte de hidrógeno en un medio poroso desordenado, utilizando Monte Carlo Cinético. Se corroboró la aleatoriedad de los poros en el medio, inscrito dentro de un retículo cúbico simple, calculando el umbral de percolación a partir del parámetro de orden. En cuanto al transporte de masa, los resultados sugieren que el tamaño del poro, variado entre 1 y 5 nm, sólo afecta a la difusividad efectiva si los valores de porosidad se encuentran cerca al umbral de percolación, y que dicha difusividad es prácticamente independiente de la concentración de las moléculas de H2. La simulación permitió caracterizar el comportamiento difusional anómalo en función de la porosidad, siendo este consecuente con el reportado previamente para retículos bidimensionales.

  8. Ecletismo e retórica na filosofia brasileira: de Silvestre Pinheiro Ferreira (1769-1846) ao frei Francisco do Monte Alverne (1784-1858)

    OpenAIRE

    Duran, Maria Renata da Cruz

    2015-01-01

    Resumo Este artigo trata da filosofia eclética de Victor Cousin conforme seus repetidores brasileiros do início do século XIX: Silvestre Pinheiro Pereira e frei Francisco do Monte Alverne. O objetivo principal é estudar as relações entre o ecletismo e a retórica em prol da justificação dos limites, da dispersão e da superficialidade do debate filosófico local. Revisando as obras de Antônio Paim, Laerte Ramos de Carvalho e Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva, destacou-se, especialmente, alguns pressu...

  9. Tensiones retóricas y semánticas en ética de la investigación Rhetorical and semantic tensions in research ethics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Kottow

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Comienza en recientes años un movimiento de revisión que utiliza la retórica y las desarticulaciones semánticas para legitimar prácticas que tradicionalmente se rechazarían como transgresiones éticas. En la ética de investigación se valida el reclutamiento de personas incapaces de ejercer su autonomía y se propone la incorporación de individuos vulnerados en la investigación para satisfacer el bien común. Esta propuesta atenta contra normativas establecidas que prohíben preferir intereses sociales o científicos por encima de los individuales, utilizando arbitrariamente la idea del bien público, puesto que la mayoría de las investigaciones sirven a intereses particulares de orden corporativo. Se debilita las definiciones de coerción y explotación, justificando la inclusión de probandos carentes de competencia mental y legitimando prácticas que en el entendido usual de estos conceptos son francas transgresiones a la ética de investigación con seres humanos. Cada vez más proyectos de investigación son trasladados a Latinoamérica, haciendo necesario que nuestra bioética se mantenga alerta frente a los intentos de debilitar la protección de individuos y comunidades que participan en estudios patrocinados desde instituciones comerciales del Primer Mundo.In recent years, rhetorical and semantic disjunctions have been used to validate practices traditionally rejected as ethical transgressions. According to such research ethics, subjects unable to exercise their autonomy are freely recruited, and vulnerable individuals are incorporated into research that purportedly serves the common good. The suggestions violate established rules that prohibit placing social or scientific interests above individual needs. The common good is invoked arbitrarily, since most such research serves private corporate interests. The definitions of coercion and exploitation are weakened, thus allowing the inclusion of mentally compromised research

  10. Uso de tecnologías para facilitar el proceso de composición escrita: análisis del efecto de la plataforma RedacText 2.0 en la calidad de los textos académicos escritos por estudiantes de Magisterio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teodoro Álvarez Angulo

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo busca estudiar el efecto de la plataforma RedacText 2.0 en la calidad de los textos escritos por estudiantes del Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria. Dicha plataforma se basa en el Modelo de producción de textos del Grupo Didactext (2003 y 2015 y ha sido diseñada para orientar a los estudiantes a lo largo del proceso de producción de textos académicos, mediante actividades que pretenden desarrollar estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas propias del proceso de producción textual. Para lo anterior, se realizó un estudio con diseño de medidas repetidas en el que se solicitó a un grupo de estudiantes la redacción de dos textos: el Texto 1 (T1 -escrito de la manera en que cada escritor solía escribir- y el Texto 2 (T2 -escrito con ayuda de la plataforma-. La comparación entre los resultados del T1 y del T2, mediante la aplicación de una serie de indicadores textuales de calidad (ITC, nos permite sostener que la plataforma resulta ser un instrumento efectivo para mejorar la calidad de algunos aspectos del texto, principalmente en lo que respecta a los elementos retóricos ya que no produjo cambios en los aspectos de contenido. Ello plantea la necesidad de introducir modificaciones en la plataforma para que sea una herramienta más eficiente en estos aspectos del proceso de composición escrita.

  11. Analysis of action of device with spring pins for picking up of retted flax straw

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. G. Chernikov

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Weather conditions in flax cultivation areas during harvesting time can be characterized with high rainfalls, relative humidity and, in some areas, extremely low temperature. Clogging of fields with stones, grass germination through flax swaths, often an absence of homogeneity on length and thickness of straw in swaths require working out new devices for straw lifting. Existing devices for picking up do not provide a high-quality lifting of flax swaths and have a low coefficient of reliability of the process. Researches and experimental-design works were carried out to create a constructive-technological scheme of the picking up device of cylindrical type with spring-loaded rigid pins. The mathematical model of the device operation when a pin touching an obstacle. The condition of balance of the mechanism under which the pin of a cilinder will operate technological process of picking up of retted flax straw without action of the safety device (spring was described. The offered method of calculation of operation of this device was introduced in a common flax swath lifter-turners

  12. Aristóteles y los publicistas: el anuncio de televisión como forma dramática

    OpenAIRE

    Esslin, Martin; Mora Contreras, Francisco Javier

    2007-01-01

    Presentación, traducción y notas de Kiko Mora (Universidad de Alicante). Martin Esslin desmonta la arquitectura narrativa del anuncio televisivo sobre la base de la retórica dramática aristotélica y de las formas del teatro contemporáneo, al tiempo que afirma la condición ritual de la publicidad ligada a los mitos que construyen nuestra ideología y nuestra cultura.

  13. La articulación retórico-estilística de las perífrasis verbales de infinitivo y gerundio en "Pedro Páramo"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Ávila-Figueroa

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available ResumenEl tema de las perífrasis verbales es uno de los más complejos y debatidos en la tradición gramatical. Las descripciones propuestas en las gramáticas y estudios dedicados al tema de las perífrasis verbales explican principalmente tres valores: temporal, aspectual y modal. Gómez Torregop señala que entre estos valores es posible añadir el estilístico. El propósito de este trabajo es describir el uso de las perífrasis verbales de infinitivo y gerundio en la novela mexicana "Pedro Páramo" de Juan Rulfo y su articulación retórico-estilística.Palabras clave: figuras retóricas, perífrasis verbales, estilística, infinitivo y gerundio.AbstractThe verbal periphrasis is one of the more complex and debated topics in the grammatical tradition. The current descriptions proposed by the main reference grammars as well as by most of the works dedicated to the verbal periphrasis explain three main values: temporal, aspectual and modal. Gómez Torrego points that between these values is possible to add the stylistic one. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of the infinite and gerundive verbal periphrasis in the mexican novel "Pedro Páramo" by Juan Rulfo and its rhetorical and stylistic articulation.Keywords: rhetorical figures, verbal periphrasis, stylistics, infinitive and gerundive.

  14. Cinco interpretaciones de la identidad nacional en la plástica mexicana del siglo XIX (1859-1887

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramírez, Fausto

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available In this article four paintings study and a sculptural monument, executed between 1859 and 1887, that alternative models represent to shape an idea of Mexico like nation. Two examples of allegorical representation are analyzed in which the were shaped the complementary slight knowledge of “cultural nation” and “politcal nation”. Then, two plastic celebrations of Hidalgo and Cuauhtémoc, central figures of imaginary epic the Mexican. And, finally, an interpretation of the native territory turned into landscape to give to body to the myth of the national unit by means of the rhetorical resource of pars pro toto. One emphasizes therefore the contribution of the visual arts to the definition process, joint and diffusion of an imaginary national.En este artículo se estudian cuatro pinturas y un monumento escultórico, ejecutados entre 1859 y 1887, que representan modelos alternativos para plasmar una idea de México como nación. Se analizan dos ejemplos de representación alegórica en que quedaron plasmadas las nociones complementarias de “nación cultural” y “nación política”. Luego, dos celebraciones plásticas de Hidalgo y Cuauhtémoc, figuras centrales del imaginario épico mexicano. Y, por último, una interpretación del territorio patrio convertido en paisaje para dar cuerpo al mito de la unidad nacional mediante el recurso retórico del pars pro toto. Se subraya así la contribución de las artes visuales al proceso de definición, articulación y difusión de un imaginario nacional.

  15. La materialización del Circuito Italiano de Turismo Rural (CITUR, Colombo–PR: verticalidades, horizontalidades e intencionalidades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciano Zanetti Pessôa Candiotto

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo aporta algunas consideraciones teóricas de Milton Santos que han servido a esta investigación, y también la búsqueda por explicar empíricamente los conceptos de verticalidades, horizontalidades e intencionalidades debatidos por el autor. Teniendo como tema de investigación una ruta turística llamada Circuito Italiano de Turismo Rural (CITUR, con sede en la ciudad de Colombo-PR y la inclusión de los agricultores familiares en el mismo, se habla acerca de las verticalidades, horizontalidades e intencionalidades en la génesis y la implementación del CITUR. Con base en la manifestación empírica de estos tres conceptos, se procura conocer e interpretar las acciones y las personas interesadas en el lugar y sus habitantes, a través de las horizontalidades; las acciones de interés para los actores hegemónicos y las personas que difunden éstos a través de las verticalidades; y los objetivos (intencionalidades que están implícitos en estas acciones y que a menudo no se producen en la simple retórica de los sujetos sociales. Con el fin de presentar algunos resultados de la investigación, se han identificado los actores y las acciones que condicionaron la materialización del Circuito Italiano de Turismo Rural (CITUR. Por tanto, se explican aquí las principales verticalidades y horizontalidades presentes en la génesis e implantación del CITUR, así como las intenciones de los actores e instituciones involucrados.

  16. Effect of harvest time and field retting duration on the chemical composition, morphology and mechanical properties of hemp fibers

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Ming; Fernando, Dinesh; Daniel, Geoffrey

    2015-01-01

    tThe large variability in the mechanical properties of hemp fibers is an issue in relation to their use inhigh-grade composites. The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal growth stage forharvesting hemp fibers for use in composites and to evaluate the effect of field retting......% at seed maturity.A highly significant reduction in cellulose deposition in fiber cell walls was reflected by reduced fiberwall thickness with plant maturity and was related to the development and ripening of hemp seeds.A statistically significant increase in lignin deposition and a slight decrease...... in pectins in hemp fibercell walls were also noted with stem maturity. Microscopy observations and histochemical analyzescorroborated the results from the chemical analyzes and revealed variations in morphological aspectsand spatial micro-distributions of carbohydrates and lignin within the cell structure...

  17. Lo andino en los murales de Jesús Flores Walpaq

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Leandro Arce De Piero

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo exploramos los modos en que lo andino se construye en la producción muralística del artista plástico Jesús Flores Walpq. Nos enfocamos en la definición de rasgos que configuran el centro representacional de lo andino y el proceso de deslizamientos semánticos y retóricos en la enunciación. A medida que el artista fue construyéndose como enunciador autorizado, la construcción del relato en el mural fue variando considerablemente. Si bien no se registran diferencias radicales en el empleo del color, la forma, la línea, etc. sí es significativa la variación en cuanto a la retórica que incorpora al indio en el discurso pictórico. El recorrido parte de la observación de los cambios en la construcción del yo-artista, que parte de la problematización del rol de productor de arte académico hasta plantear rol de “obrero del arte” comprometido con su contexto político, ideológico y artístico. Esto significó para Flores Walpaq adherir a las luchas reivindicatorias por los derechos indígenas. En conjunto, este texto nos lleva a problematizar sobre las condiciones de producción de la pregunta por la identidad en este contexto y las respuestas que los sujetos ensayan y modifican.

  18. Characteristics of lentiviral vectors harboring the proximal promoter of the vav proto-oncogene: a weak and efficient promoter for gene therapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Almarza, Elena; Río, Paula; Meza, Nestor W; Aldea, Montserrat; Agirre, Xabier; Guenechea, Guillermo; Segovia, José C; Bueren, Juan A

    2007-08-01

    Recent published data have shown the efficacy of gene therapy treatments of certain monogenic diseases. Risks of insertional oncogenesis, however, indicate the necessity of developing new vectors with weaker or cell-restricted promoters to minimize the trans-activation activity of integrated proviruses. We have inserted the proximal promoter of the vav proto-oncogene into self-inactivating lentiviral vectors (vav-LVs) and investigated the expression pattern and therapeutic efficacy of these vectors. Compared with other LVs frequently used in gene therapy, vav-LVs mediated a weak, though homogeneous and stable, expression in in vitro-cultured cells. Transplantation experiments using transduced mouse bone marrow and human CD34(+) cells confirmed the stable activity of the promoter in vivo. To investigate whether the weak activity of this promoter was compatible with a therapeutic effect, a LV expressing the Fanconi anemia A (FANCA) gene was constructed (vav-FANCA LV). Although this vector induced a low expression of FANCA, compared to the expression induced by a LV harboring the spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) promoter, the two vectors corrected the phenotype of cells from a patient with FA-A with the same efficacy. We propose that self-inactivating vectors harboring weak promoters, such as the vav promoter, will improve the safety of gene therapy and will be of particular interest for the treatment of diseases where a high expression of the transgene is not required.

  19. Peces del Noroeste del Ecuador

    OpenAIRE

    Barriga, Ramiro

    1994-01-01

    La ictiofauna del occidente del Ecuador es poco conocida. Los peces del noroccidente son diferentes a los del suroccidente del Ecuador. 34 familias y 82 especies fueron colectadas que equivale al 11 % de las especies de peces continentales registradas en el Ecuador. Icteogeográficamente se sabe que la costa ecuatoriana posee dos provincias: la del Pacifico Norte y la del Guayas, se determinó que el límite de las dos provincias es el río Santiago ya que las especies del mencionado río so...

  20. Hvor bosætter folk sig i Kumasi, Ghana?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Eskemose Andersen, Jørgen; Andreasen, Jørgen

    2002-01-01

    overklassen. Det forunderlige og besynderlige er fraværet af store slumråder som ellers ses overalt i den 3 Verdens storbyer. Der er en del slum i den indre del af byen og der bor mange fattige folk i de såkaldte gårdhuse som er så karakterisek for regionen, men det store spørgsmål er hvor den stadige vækst...

  1. La migración mexicana y las elecciones de 2016 en Estados Unidos

    OpenAIRE

    Lacorne, Denis

    2016-01-01

    Ante el proceso electoral del presente año en nuestro vecino país del norte y sobre todo ante la violenta retórica antimexicana que hemos visto aflorar durante la fase de las elecciones primarias, hemos creído oportuno ofrecer a los lectores de Metapolítica una entrevista con uno de los especialistas más reconocidos de las instituciones políticas de Estados Unidos, Denis Lacorne.

  2. Obamas opgør med Bush låser ham i dronekrig

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ulrich, Philip Christian

    2013-01-01

    En helt central del af Obamas valgkamp i 2008 var et opgør med dele af Bush administrationens krig mod terror. Obama er dog blevet fanget i en kontroversiel dronepolitik på grund af hans manglende succes med de indenrigspolitiske aspekter af opgøret...

  3. Udpegning af risikolokaliteter på det tosporede vejnet i åbent land baseret på data om vejens karakteristika

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Camilla Sloth

    I det stedbestemte trafiksikkerhedsarbejde har udpegning og udbedring af sorte pletter (identificering, analyse samt udbedring af risikolokaliteter på vejnettet) siden 1970’erne været en af de primære aktiviteter. Imidlertid er sortpletarbejdet med årene blevet vanskeligere af to grunde: Dels er ...

  4. Influencia de la retórica musical de Los Beatles en los “jingles” y en la publicidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anton Alvarez Ruiz

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo explora de qué manera los jingles publicitarios se han visto influidos por la música de The Beatles. Para ello, utiliza una metodología descriptiva, comparativa y diacrónica. Tras estudiar brevemente la historia e importancia de los jingles, analizando algunas características de las canciones de The Beatles y su semejanza con los jingles publicitarios. En las canciones mencionadas se detallan las principales figuras retóricas encontradas, tanto en los textos como en las frases musicales y su influencia en la música publicitaria. También se estudia la única pieza publicitaria conocida realizada por The Beatles en su carrera. Por último, se analiza la posterior utilización de sus canciones y su imagen en varias campañas muy significadas, realizadas por la publicidad comercial en las últimas décadas.

  5. Neo-No-Barroco o barrococó: Hacia una perspectiva menos inexacta del neobarroco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Espina

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo analiza las nociones estéticas principales que definen la llamada poética neobarroca. Al respecto, presenta elementos para justificar la utilización de los vocablos neo-no-barroco y barrococó en vez de “neobarroco”, por considerar a este término erróneo, pues proyecta la idea –por el uso del prefijo– que es descendiente directo del barroco español, algo que es una verdad incompleta. La relación del neo-no-barroco/barrococó con la idea fundacional del Romanticismo, de que la poesía debe pensar sobre el pensamiento, es obvia y sin embargo no ha sido debidamente analizada. Por lo tanto, al haber una reconfiguración etimológica de la estética asociada con la dificultad y la superposición de escollos retóricos que le exigen al acto de la lectura una mayor concentración, la poética neo-no-barroca o barrococó podrá alcanzar una más exacta definición y permitirá incluir voces poéticas hasta ahora no consideradas neobarrocas. This essay reflects upon the principal aesthetic notions that define the so-called Neobaroque poetic. In this regard, new evidence is presented in order to justify the use of two words (synonymous, neo-no-barroco and barrococó instead of “Neo-baroque”, considering this term a misnomer since it projects the idea –by the use of the prefix– that it is a direct descendent of the Spanish Baroque, which is an incomplete truth. The relationship of the neo-no-barroco / barrococó with the foundational idea of Romanticism; that poetry should think about thinking is obvious and yet, it has not been adequately analyzed. Therefore, having an etymological reconfiguration of the aesthetic associated with difficulty and with the overlapping rhetorical pitfalls that demand the act of reading at a higher concentration level, the neo-no-barroco or barrococó poetic will be able to reach a more precise definition and allow the inclusion of poetic voices hitherto unconsidered as Neobaroque.

  6. MEDIACIONES DEL YO Y MONSTRUOSIDAD: SOR JUANA O EL "FÉNIX" BARROCO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Solodkow

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente artículo explora uno de los textos más importantes del barroco novohispano titulado "Respuesta a Sor Filotea" (1691 escrito por Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (16487-1695. El objetivo del artículo es analizar los modos de constitución de la subjetividad (criolla y femenina en la Nueva España y las transacciones discursivas y retóricas utilizadas a tal fin. El artículo también examina las relaciones entre poder, saber y deseo dentro de la ciudad letrada y los dispositivos discursivos de control y resistencia a dicho poder colonial y religioso. El análisis pone de manifiesto la existencia de una subjetividad heterogénea, fragmentaria y en perpetua negociación y tensión con los discursos sociales de la época.The following article explores one of the most important texts of New Spain s Baroque titled "Respuesta a Sor Filotea ", written by Sor Juan Inés de la Cruz. The main objective of the article is to analyze the ways in which female and Creole subjectivity are constructed in New Spain. At the same time, the article explores the discursive and rhetoric transactions involved in the construction of that subjectivity. The article also examines the relationships between power, knowledge and desire within the de colonial lettered city, and the discursive devices of control and resistance to colonial and religious power. The analysis of the text shows the existence of an heterogeneous and fragmentary subjectivity in constant negotiation and tension with the social discourses of that time.

  7. La dictadura militar en la historia oficial del psicoanálisis chileno: sobre la construcción de un pathos discursivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Radiszcz, Esteban

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Drawing from the analysis of a controversy developed before the Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association, held in Santiago, Chile, in 1999, this article attempts to retrace the ways in which the military dictatorship appears in the corpus of texts with historical inspiration produced within the Chilean Psychoanalytical Association. The building of a discursive pathos is thus revealed, characterized by denial, hasty search for consensus and the use of euphemisms. Nevertheless, not only from the ghosts of the local psychoanalytic society is this pathos constructed. It also feeds on institutional policies implemented by the International Association since Nazism and on the rhetoric of reconciliation elaborated in Chile since the recovery of democracy.A partir del análisis de una controversia suscitada en los preparativos del Congreso de la Asociación Psicoanalítica Internacional, realizado en Santiago de Chile en julio de 1999, este artículo intenta trazar los modos en los que la dictadura militar de Pinochet aparece en el corpus de textos con vocación histórica producidos en el seno de la Asociación Psicoanalítica Chilena. Se revela, así, la construcción de un pathos discursivo, caracterizado por la negación, la búsqueda apresurada del consenso y el eufemismo, que sin embargo no sólo nace de los fantasmas de la única sociedad psicoanalítica local de la época, sino que se alimenta de las políticas institucionales implementadas por la asociación internacional a partir del nazismo y por la retórica de la reconciliación elaborada en Chile desde la recuperación de la democracia.

  8. A retórica da reeleição: mapeando os discursos dos Programas Eleitorais (HGPE em 1998 e 2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mônica Machado

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available O artigo avalia a produção dos discursos do HGPE na TV dos partidos de dois candidatos à reeleição para a Presidência da República: Fernando Henrique (PSDB em 1998 e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT em 2006. É objeto de reflexão indagar até que ponto as campanhas orientadas para reconduzir o mandatário ao poder têm estruturas estratégicas discursivas similares nos dois contextos, apesar de inscrições partidárias e orientações políticas distintas. Como metodologia, utiliza procedimentos para entender os elementos retóricos de cada campanha e apreender as estratégias de persuasão. Nota-se que o estímulo ao voto retrospectivo, o discurso a favor da continuidade da gestão administrativa, o lugar de autoridade do candidato-Presidente e a ênfase em discurso programático de cunho econômico são enunciados proferidos pelos mandatários nos dois contextos. É lícito supor, então, que a retórica da reeleição favorece posições privilegiadas na disputa.The article evaluates the production of the speeches of electoral advertising in TV of the two presidential candidates: Fernando Henrique (PSDB in 1998 and Luis Inácio Lula of Silva (PT in 2006. Therefore, the point is to investigate to what extent the campaigns show discursive strategic structures - similar in the two contexts - in spite of supporting registrations and different political orientations. The methodology uses procedures to understand the rhetorical elements of each campaign and persuasion strategies. In both campaigns one observes the incentive to the retrospective vote, the speech in favor of the continuity of the administration, the place of the candidate-president's authority, the emphasis in speech of economical issues. One can suggest that the rhetoric of the reelection favors positions in the electoral dispute.

  9. Detection of PAX8/PPARG and RET/PTC Rearrangements Is Feasible in Routine Air-Dried Fine Needle Aspiration Smears

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ferraz, Carolina; Rehfeld, Christian; Krogdahl, Annelise

    2012-01-01

    Background: The diagnostic limitations of fine needle aspiration (FNA), like the indeterminate category, can be partially overcome by molecular analysis. As PAX8/PPARG and RET/PTC rearrangements have been detected in follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs......), their detection in FNA smears could improve the FNA diagnosis. To date, these rearrangements have never been analyzed in routine air-dried FNA smears, but only in frozen tissue, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, and in fresh FNA material. Fixed routine air-dried FNA samples have hitherto been judged...... as generally not suitable for testing these rearrangements in a clinical setting. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of extracting RNA from routine air-dried FNA smears for the detection of these rearrangements with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT...

  10. Le système de sûreté lyonnais selon les arrêtés du 6 décembre 1833

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amos Frappa

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Le 6 décembre 1833, le maire de Lyon Gabriel Prunelle adopte trois arrêtés instaurant un service de sûreté. Il s’agit de la seconde ville française à se doter d’un groupe de policiers spécialisé dans la recherche et l’arrestation des malfaiteurs. Un an plus tôt, le préfet de police Gisquet met à profit l’expérience de «  la Rousse », surnom donné à la brigade de l’ancien bagnard Vidocq, pour équiper la capitale d’une telle structure. Le premier des textes du 6 décembre 1833 fixe les attributi...

  11. Expression of the proto-oncogene Pokemon in colorectal cancer--inhibitory effects of an siRNA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Gan-Ting; Yang, Li-Juan; Li, Xi-Xia; Cui, Hui-Lin; Guo, Rui

    2013-01-01

    This study aimed to investigate expression of the proto-oncogene POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor (Pokemon) in colorectal cancer (CRC), and assess inhibitory effects of a small interference RNA (siRNA) expression vector in SW480 and SW620 cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine mRNA and protein expression levels of Pokemon in CRC tissues. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was applied to investigate the location of Pokemon in SW480 and SW620 cells. The siRNA expression vectors that were constructed to express a short hairpin RNA against Pokemon were transfected to the SW480 and SW620 cells with a liposome. Expression levels of Pokemon mRNA and protein were examined by real-time quantitative-fluorescent PCR and western blot analysis. The effects of Pokemon silencing on proliferation of SW480 and SW620 cells were evaluated with reference to growth curves with MTT assays. The mRNA expression level of Pokemon in tumor tissues (0.845 ± 0.344) was significantly higher than that in adjacent tumor specimens (0.321 ± 0.197). The positive expression ratio of Pokemon protein in CRC (87.0%) was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (19.6%). Strong fluorescence staining of Pokemon protein was observed in the cytoplasm of the SW480 and SW620 cells. The inhibition ratios of Pokemon mRNA and protein in the SW480 cells were 83.1% and 73.5% at 48 and 72 h, respectively, compared with those of the negative control cells with the siRNA. In the SW620 cells, the inhibition ratios of Pokemon mRNA and protein were 76.3% and 68.7% at 48 and 72 h, respectively. MTT showed that Pokemon gene silencing inhibited the proliferation of SW480 and SW620 cells. Overexpression of Pokemon in CRC may have a function in carcinogenesis and progression. siRNA expression vectors could effectively inhibit mRNA and protein expression of Pokemon in SW480 and SW620 cells, thereby reducing

  12. Os regimentos das corporações dos ofícios mecânicos: O caso do Retábulo-mor da Sé de Lamego (1506-1511 do pintor português Vasco Fernandes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joana Salgueiro

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available O núcleo em estudo: Retábulo-mor da Sé de Lamego (1506-1511, obra de incontestável importância histórico-artística do pintor quinhentista Vasco Fernandes, “Grão Vasco”, é um conjunto valiosamente documentado pelo seu contrato de obra, que subsistiu até à actualidade. No entanto, sabe-se que muitas vezes os dados empiricamente percepcionados ou mesmo presentes nos actos notariais relativos à feitura do retábulo, por inúmeras razões, nem sempre correspondem na íntegra à realidade. O trabalho que se segue, tem como objectivo, cruzar o conhecimento técnico e material dos suportes destas pinturas, com os dados analisados nos regimentos das corporações dos ofícios mecânicos do trabalho das madeiras: carpinteiros, carpinteiros de marcenaria, marceneiros, entalhadores (e por comparação pintores; de modo a determinar, através das metodologias de examinação dos aprendizes dos ofícios, e restantes normativas, as técnicas e materiais de execução exigidas, no contexto histórico do período Renascentista português.

  13. Vibrational Quantum Transport

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Engelund, Mads

    Denne afhandling beskriver teoretisk og numerisk arbejde, som undersøger indflydelsen af vibrationer på varmetransport og strøm i realistiske nanoskala systemer. Den vigtigste og mest tidskrævende del af dette arbejde har været at designe og implementere en praktisk metode til at beregne vibratio...

  14. Fissurforsegling, SEAL og infiltrationer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dige, Irene

    Fissurforsegling har været en almindelig del af tandplejens behandlingsspektrum i cariesforebyggelse og -behandling siden 1970’erne. I takt med et fald i cariesforekomsten i den danske befolkning i denne periode, er der sket en ændring i indikationerne for fissurforsegling fra at være et overveje...

  15. Microsatellite instability and B-type Raf proto-oncogene mutation in colorectal cancer: Clinicopathological characteristics and effects on survival

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebnem Batur

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Prognostic significance of microsatellite instability (MSI status and B-type Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and pathological characteristics associated with microsatellite stability and the effect of MSI and BRAF mutation on the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. The study included 145 colorectal cancer cases. All the patients were examined for DNA mismatch repair (MMR proteins with an immunohistochemical method. Molecular assessment of MSI was available in a subset of 41 patients. In addition, BRAF mutation analysis was performed in 30 cases. Immunohistochemically, MMR deficiency was present in 28 (19.3% patients. Female gender (p = 0.001, lesion size ≥5 cm (p = 0.013, Crohn-like response (p = 0.035, and right-sided localization (p < 0.001 were significantly more frequent among MMR-deficient patients. The overall survival was 44.1 ± 5.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.7-54.4. Multivariate analyses identified only high tumor grade as an independent predictor of poor overall survival: odd ratio, 6.7 (95% CI 2.1-21.7, p = 0.002. In the subset of patients with available BRAF assessment (n = 30, a negative BRAF status was associated with better survival when compared to a positive BRAF status (36.7 ± 2.1 vs. 34.1 ± 7.2 months, p = 0.048. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemical method in predicting positive MSI status, with the molecular method as a reference, were 85.7% (95% CI: 56.2%-97.5% and 88.9% (95% CI: 69.7%-97.1%, respectively. BRAF appears to be a significant predictor of a worse outcome in patients with colorectal cancer. Further studies with a large spectrum of clinical and biological variables are warranted.

  16. Преводът като реторическо и граматическо упражнение

    OpenAIRE

    Chico Rico, Francisco

    2009-01-01

    Este trabajo de investigación se centra fundamentalmente en los debates disciplinares latinos en torno a la traducción y a su importancia para la formación del orador en particular y para la educación para la comunicación social en general. En este contexto se aborda el ejercicio de la traducción tanto en el marco de la teoría retórica como en el dominio de la teoría gramatical, así como en el seno de las relaciones entre aquél y éste, ya que si la teoría retórica consideró la traducción fund...

  17. Studies on the terpene metabolism in Lavandula latifolia Medicus

    OpenAIRE

    Mendoza Poudereux, Isabel

    2013-01-01

    Resumen en castellano Estudio del metabolismo de los terpenos en Lavandula latifolia Medicus Justificación y objetivos La biosíntesis de los dos precursores universales de los terpenos vegetales, el isopentenildifosfato (IPP) y el dimetilalildifosfato (DMAPP), es un proceso complejo en el que intervienen dos rutas metabólicas independientes (Rodríguez-Concepción y Boronat, 2002; Lange y Ahkami, 2013): La ruta del mevalonato (MVA) que opera en el citosol, retículo endoplasmático y ...

  18. Sensor retínico espacio variante basado en tecnología CMOS

    OpenAIRE

    Pardo Carpio, Fernando

    1997-01-01

    La utilización de imágenes como entrada a un sistema de procesamiento es un tema de investigación que, desde hace tiempo, ha demostrado ser muy útil en múltiples aplicaciones que van desde la monitorización y control, a su utilización en sistemas de visión para robots. En la mayoría de las ocasiones se ha empleado una cámara convencional, de las utilizadas en consumo doméstico, para resolver los diferentes problemas de visión que se han ido planteando. Con la ampliación del mercado del pro...

  19. LA MODALIDAD EPISTÉMICA ASERTIVA COMO RECURSO RETÓRICO EN NOTICIAS CIENTÍFICAS: EL CASO DEL HALLAZGO PALEONTOLÓGICO DEL HOMBRE DE ORCE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Díaz Rojo

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Este artículo analiza la modalidad epistémica asertiva (expresión de la certeza en un conjunto de noticias científicas sobre el hallazgo paleontológico del llamado Hombre de Orce, aparecidas en El País entre 1983 y 1997. El descubrimiento era un pequeño fragmento craneal que se atribuyó inicialmente al homínido más antiguo hallado en Eurasia, si bien los análisis posteriores indicaron que podría tratarse en realidad de un équido. Describe las formas lingüísticas de tipo léxico, los contenidos semánticos (credibilidad, verificación, convicción y confirmación y las funciones retóricas epistemológica y social de modalizadores del tipo tajantemente, verificación, creer, ratificar, poder afirmar. El estudio revela que en el corpus analizado dichos marc a d o res de certeza se emplean sobre todo para transmitir seguridad y fiabilidad al destinatario en el caso de tesis fuertemente refutadas. 

    In this article I analyze assertive epistemic modality (expression of certainty in a series of scientific news reports on the paleontological discovery of the so-called Hombre of Orce, published in El País between 1983 and 1977. The discovery of a small skull fragment was initially attributed to the oldest hominoid found in Eurasia, yet later analyses indicated that it might really be from an equidae. I describe linguistic forms of the lexical type, the semantic contents (credibility, verification, conviction and confirmation as well as the social and epistemological rhetorical functions of modalizers such as tajantemente, verificación, cre e r, ratificar, poder afirm a r. The study reveals that in the analyzed corpus these markers of certainty are mainly used to transmit confidence and reliability to the reader in the case of the strongly refuted thesis.

  20. Histología y ultraestructura del sistema reproductor masculino de la langosta espinosa de la India Panulirus homarus (Decapoda: Palinuridae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S Lakshmi Pillai

    2014-08-01

    ón con el retículo endoplásmico denso, cerca del núcleo. El esperma presenta una estructura esférica con el núcleo, la región laminar, las espinas y el acrosoma. Este documento constituye el primer informe exhaustivo de la estructura de los gametos masculinos y espermatogénesis en P. homarus de la India.

  1. Identifying suspects by matching hand photographs with video evidence

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Busch, Johannes Rødbro; Lynnerup, Niels

    2015-01-01

    Unge under 15 rapporterer ikke sjældent at have været udsat for seksuelle relationer imod deres vilje. I nogle tilfælde kan pornografiske optagelser være en del af overgrebet. Sådant materiale kan bidrage til identificering af gerningspersonen. I dette studie undersøgtes anvendelsen af visuel sam...

  2. Energirenovering af Sems Have

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Søren Østergaard; Rose, Jørgen; Mørck, Ove

    Nærværende rapport udgør en del af afrapporteringen af PSO ELFORSK projektet Vejledning for energirenovering af boligblokke til lavenergiklasse 2015 og 2020. Arbejdet har været finansieret af PSO midler via ELFORSK, projekt: 347-023. Formålet med projektet er at udvikle en vejledning for dybtgående...

  3. Energirenovering af Traneparken

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rose, Jørgen; Thomsen, Kirsten Engelund; Mørck, Ove

    Nærværende rapport udgør en del af afrapporteringen af PSO ELFORSK projektet Vejledning for energirenovering af boligblokke til lavenergiklasse 2015 og 2020. Arbejdet har været finansieret af PSO midler via ELFORSK, projekt: 347-023. Formålet med projektet er at udvikle en vejledning for dybtgående...

  4. Thyroid nodules, polymorphic variants in DNA repair and RET-related genes, and interaction with ionizing radiation exposure from nuclear tests in Kazakhstan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sigurdson, Alice J.; Land, Charles E.; Bhatti, Parveen; Pineda, Marbin; Brenner, Alina; Carr, Zhanat; Gusev, Boris I.; Zhumadilov, Zhaxibay; Simon, Steven L.; Bouville, Andre; Rutter, Joni L.; Ron, Elaine; Struewing, Jeffery P.

    2010-01-01

    Risk factors for thyroid cancer remain largely unknown except for ionizing radiation exposure during childhood and a history of benign thyroid nodules. Because thyroid nodules are more common than thyroid cancers and are associated with thyroid cancer risk, we evaluated several polymorphisms potentially relevant to thyroid tumors and assessed interaction with ionizing radiation exposure to the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules were detected in 1998 by ultrasound screening of 2997 persons who lived near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan when they were children (1949-62). Cases with thyroid nodules (n=907) were frequency matched (1:1) to those without nodules by ethnicity (Kazakh or Russian), gender, and age at screening. Thyroid gland radiation doses were estimated from fallout deposition patterns, residence history, and diet. We analyzed 23 polymorphisms in 13 genes and assessed interaction with ionizing radiation exposure using likelihood ratio tests (LRT). Elevated thyroid nodule risks were associated with the minor alleles of RET S836S (rs1800862, p = 0.03) and GFRA1 -193C>G (rs not assigned, p = 0.05) and decreased risk with XRCC1 R194W (rs1799782, p-trend = 0.03) and TGFB1 T263I (rs1800472, p = 0.009). Similar patterns of association were observed for a small number of papillary thyroid cancers (n=25). Ionizing radiation exposure to the thyroid gland was associated with significantly increased risk of thyroid nodules (age and gender adjusted excess odds ratio/Gy = 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.05-0.56), with evidence for interaction by genotype found for XRCC1 R194W (LRT p value = 0.02). Polymorphisms in RET signaling, DNA repair, and proliferation genes may be related to risk of thyroid nodules, consistent with some previous reports on thyroid cancer. Borderline support for gene-radiation interaction was found for a variant in XRCC1, a key base excision repair protein. Other pathways, such as genes in double strand break repair, apoptosis, and

  5. La superaci??n del modelo del ??ngel del hogar:

    OpenAIRE

    Hurtado Mu??oz, M??nica

    2012-01-01

    La Tesis Doctoral titulada "La superaci??n del modelo del "??ngel del hogar". Recuperaci??n de la escritora Leonor Canalejas y Fustegueras (1869-1945)" aborda, en primer lugar, un an??lisis sociol??gico de las circunstancias que rodearon a la mujer espa??ola en el cambio de siglo en el ??mbito social y educativo, en un intento de esclarecer las caracter??sticas propias del contexto en el que la mujer accede a la intelectualidad en general y a la literatura en particular. Esta parte concluye q...

  6. RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ chromosomal rearrangements in post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer and their association with I-131 radiation dose and other characteristics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leeman-Neill, Rebecca J.; Brenner, Alina V.; Little, Mark P.; Bogdanova, Tetiana I.; Hatch, Maureen; Zurnadzy, Liudmyla Y.; Mabuchi, Kiyohiko; Tronko, Mykola D.; Nikiforov, Yuri E.

    2012-01-01

    Background Childhood exposure to I-131 from the 1986 Chernobyl accident led to a sharp increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence in regions surrounding the reactor. Data concerning the association between genetic mutations in PTCs and individual radiation doses are limited. Methods We performed mutational analysis of 62 PTCs diagnosed in a Ukrainian cohort of patients who were Chernobyl tumors and show different associations for point mutations and chromosomal rearrangements with I-131 dose and other factors. These data support the relationship between chromosomal rearrangements, but not point mutations, and I-131 exposure and point to a possible role of iodine deficiency in generation of RET/PTC rearrangements in these patients. PMID:23436219

  7. Michael Jackson antes del caos

    OpenAIRE

    Juan Luciano Nieves

    2015-01-01

    Michael Jackson es un buen ejemplo de cómo utilizar las relaciones públicas para realizar o manipular la imagen de un producto a través de los medios de comunicación. Este ensayo pretende analizar los eventos que tuvieron lugar antes de que el cantante fuera acusado de abuso sexual contra un menor. Dichos eventos formaron parte de un plan muy bien delineado para disminuir los efectos de la inminente crisis que se acercaba. Este trabajo combina la crítica retórica de temas de fantasía con teor...

  8. Self-Determination of Colonial Peoples

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rytter, Jens Elo

    2008-01-01

    Efter at have været en dansk koloni i århundreder blev Grønland i 1953 en integreret del af Det Danske Rigsfællesskab. Med Resolution 849 fra 1954 godkendte FNs Generalforsamling denne ændrede status som det grønlandske folks udøvelse af sin selvbestemmelsesret. Efterfølgende har visse folkeretsj...

  9. Hukommelsessystemer og oplevelseslæring

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lieberoth, Andreas

    2013-01-01

    Hukommelsesforskningen og pædagogikken har været kunstigt adskilt på grund af grøftegravning i sidste del af det 20. århundrede. Nyere kognitiv neurovidenskab har med landevindinger indenfor bl.a. scannerstudier dog afdækket megen ny viden, der kunne være nyttig for forståelsen af læring og didak...

  10. Energiforbrug til opvarmning af bygninger

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Budde, J.; Pedersen, D.O.

    Rapporten giver oplysninger om enhedsforbrug til varme og varmt brugsvand i forskellige typer af bygninger baseret på en analyse af et omfattende datamateriale. Formålet med undersøgelsen har været at ajourføre denne del af grundlaget for både landsdækkende og lokal varmeplanlægning i Danmark....

  11. Social pedagogy in modern times

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Niels Rosendal

    2013-01-01

    Artiklen identificerer flere nøglebegreber, som har været brugt til at beskrive socialpædagogik med. Første del præsenterer en ramme til overvejelse over den diversitet, der præger dette felt. Derpå følger en diskussion om forholdet mellem individ og samfund, herunder inddrages også professionens...

  12. Frisk laks fra Norge til Japan

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Petersen, Tina; Nielsen, Lise Drewes

    2006-01-01

    Denne case er gennemført som en del af projektet "Konsekvenser af infrastruktur og det indre marked for udvalgte forsyningskæder", der blev gennemført på Institut for Transportstudier og finansieret af Transportrådet. I henhold til projektbeskrivelsen har formålet med projektet været at gennemfør...

  13. Forbud og skjult netværksarbejde i gymnasieskolen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tække, Jesper; Paulsen, Michael

    undervisningsfællesskabet arbejder med. En del af SME-­‐projektet har gået ud på at eksperimentere en undervisningsform uden forbud og ligegyldighed overfor medier. Dette har efter begyndelsesvanskeligheder været en succes, når vi ser på elevernes refleksive forståelse af deres opmærksomhed ift. multitasking, valg af...

  14. Forsænkede marker i Perus ørkensand - et Galathea 3-projekt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Mettelise Fritz

    2007-01-01

    Forsænkede marker er en avanceret landbrugsmetode, som er blevet brugt i Perus ørkenagtige kystegne de sidste tusind år, måske mere. Galathea 3-projektet: "Nedsænkede marker i Perus ørkensand" bestod dels af arkæologiske udgravninger af marker, der har været i brug siden tiden før spaniernes...

  15. Regninput til regnvandsdisponering i Aarhus Vands forsyningsområde

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thorndahl, Søren Liedtke

    Dette tekniske memorandum er udarbejdet at Søren Thorndahl, Aalborg Universitet til brug i den Regnvandsdisponeringsplanlægning som pågår hos Aarhus Vand i efteråret 2017. Arbejdet er udført som en del af udviklingsprojektet KLIMAKS - Klimafremskrivning af målt nedbør til afløbsteknisk anvendelse...

  16. Hirschsprung disease and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT): a novel syndromic association.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pini Prato, Alessio; Musso, Marco; Ceccherini, Isabella; Mattioli, Girolamo; Giunta, Camilla; Ghiggeri, Gian Marco; Jasonni, Vincenzo

    2009-03-01

    Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) can be associated with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). Based on the common genetic background of enteric nervous system and kidney development, the reported association of CAKUT and HSCR seems underestimated. Therefore, we designed a prospective study aimed at determining the prevalence of CAKUT in HSCR patients and at identifying RET, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and GDNF family receptor alpha1 (GFRalpha1) mutations or haplotypes associated with this subset of HSCR patients. Eighty-four HSCR patients consecutively admitted to our department between July 2006 and July 2007 underwent interviews, notes review, ultrasound screening (further investigation according to detected anomaly), urinalysis, and DNA extraction for molecular genetics study. Another 27 patients with isolated CAKUT were included as a control group for the molecular genetics study. Twenty-one patients (25%) with HSCR had associated CAKUT, with hydronephrosis and hypoplasia being the most frequent diagnoses. Nine of 21 CAKUT were symptomatic. Six additional patients had other non-CAKUT anomalies (for example, stones, Barter syndrome) that were excluded from association and molecular genetics analysis to avoid bias of inclusion criteria. RET mutations were found in 5 patients (4 HSCR, 1 HSCR + CAKUT, 0 CAKUT) and GDNF mutations in 3 (2 HSCR, 1 CAKUT, 0 HSCR + CAKUT). No GFRalpha1 mutations were found. Finally, the HSCR-predisposing T haplotype of RET proto-oncogene was found in 64% of HSCR, 50% of HSCR + CAKUT, and in 24% of CAKUT patients. The incidence of CAKUT in HSCR patients is 4- to 6-fold higher than expected. Therefore, a patient with HSCR has a 3- to 18-fold higher risk of developing a CAKUT, particularly hydronephrosis or hypoplasia. If we consider that the proportion of predisposing haplotype in HSCR + CAKUT patients resembles that of other syndromic HSCR, we can conclude that HSCR + CAKUT has to be considered

  17. Application of 119Sn Moessbauer spectroscopy to investigations of RET2-X2-type phases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goerlich, E.

    1991-01-01

    Moessbauer spectroscopy of 119 Sn is an effective tool to study nuclear hyperfine interactions which in turn are important as a source of information complementary to that supplied by ''classical'' methods. However, particularly when the effects are subtle, experimental conditions as well as data analysis should be handled with care. The attention is devoted primarily to the finite absorber thickness effects. As examples serve our recent results obtained from investigations of ternary tetragonal phases of RET 2 X 2 -type. In EuPd 2 Si 2 mixed valent system 119 Sn was used as probe which detects the influence of Eu-valency change at a distant site of Si. Electrical resistivity measurements in CeNi 2 Sn 2 may indicate a Kondo-type behaviour while Moessbauer effect leads to the conclusion in favour of a magnetically ordered state. The analysis of resonance absorption spectra of CeAg 2 Sn 2 using a full transmission integral indicates the presence of a metallic β-tin in the sample, while data fitting within the thin absorber approximation has lead to the opposite conclusion. Neither in CeNi 2 Sn 2 nor in ErNi 2 Sn 2 the temperature dependence of the recoil free factors alone cannot explain the observed broadening of spectra at low temperatures. (author). 14 refs, 13 figs

  18. EL TRATADO ANTÁRTICO. Algunas aproximaciones teórico-conceptuales acerca del debate en torno a la soberanía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Pía Rossomando Ramírez

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Como es sabido, la Antártida no pertenece a ningún Estado y por lo tanto debatir sobre soberanía sería, en este caso, poco fructífero, entendiendo que esta se define como un “atributo jurídico político irrenunciable del derecho” de cualquier Estado. Ahora bien, esta visión fáctica, pura y formal centrada en un análisis estrictamente jurídico desestima la realidad socio-cultural del asunto respondiendo claramente a una perspectiva positivista de la construcción del concepto de soberanía (Díaz Charquero, 2009: 06. En efecto, la rivalidad soviético-americana, la utilización de una retórica específica y, a través de esta, la consolidación de la implantación de programas de desarrollo impulsados por el norte global, hizo posible la firma del Tratado que en 1959 convirtió a la Antártida en un continente dedicado a la ciencia y a la paz. Este suceso implicó que el principal ganador fuese la comunidad científica, en tanto la ciencia se volvió la preocupación central de los países presentes en el continente blanco. Sin embargo, este idílico discurso se contrapone a la realidad económica de muchas de las partes que integran el sistema del Tratado Antártico poniendo abiertamente en cuestión las reales pretensiones que se esconden detrás de aquel épico relato. La pregunta que se nos presenta ante estas circunstancias es, precisamente, ¿se encuentran todos los países en igualdad de condiciones (materiales para llevar a cabo operaciones científicas en la Antártida? Estos cuestionamientos nos llevan a pensar que quizás el interés prioritario sigue siendo el ejercicio soberano, a pesar de lo estipulado por el artículo 4to del Tratado Antártico. Cabe preguntarse entonces: ¿se ejerce soberanía sobre el territorio antártico? En tal caso, ¿Cómo ejercer soberanía cuando esta ha sido, teóricamente, suspendida? Estas son algunas de las preguntas que se intentaran dar respuesta en el desarrollo de este artículo.

  19. Historia deldel = History of Padel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo resume la historia del deporte deldel. Existen dos versiones sobre el origen deldel. La primera versión relaciona los antecedentes deldel con los de otros deportes de raqueta como el tenis o el bádminton, siendo su origen común el jeu de la paume francés. Posteriormente, surgen variantes en Estados Unidos como el Paddle Tennis y el Platform Tennis, siendo versiones reducidas del tenis, pero con elementos muy comunes al pádel actual. La segunda versión, aprobada por la Federación Internacional de Pádel, afirma que este deporte nació en México, en 1969, a través del empresario Enrique Corcuera.--------------------------------------------------------------------This research summarizes the history of paddle sport. There are two versions about the origin of paddle. The first version relates the history of paddle with other racket sports like tennis or badminton, and its common origin of the Jeu de Paume French. Later, in in the United States, appear two sports called Paddle Tennis and Platform Tennis, which are reduced versions of tennis sport, but these have lot of common characteristics with paddle. The second version, approved by the International Padel Federation, said the sport was born in Mexico in 1969, through the businessman Enrique Corcuera.

  20. La construcción discursiva de la mala fama de la prejubilación entre los mineros. Imágenes de rechazo y hechos del contexto social.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis García García

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza el contexto y los procesos discursivos de elaboración de la categoría colectiva de prejubilado en la minería asturiana. Se parte de la indefinición legal y, consecuentemente, social de esta figura y se estudia el proceso discursivo de construcción de la mala fama como una forma de dar contenido a un colectivo social nuevo y de difícil aceptación social. A diferencia de otros discursos que circulan sobre el particular, los de la mala fama son retóricos tanto en su elaboración como en su uso social. Su valor performativo contribuye a integrar socialmente a unos sujetos que se definen por una utilización peculiar del tiempo, carente de la mayor parte de las obligaciones sociales prescritas, que les vinculaban a la comunidad durante su vida laboral.

  1. Pilar García Jordán, El Estado propone, los c

    OpenAIRE

    Roux, Rodolfo de

    2016-01-01

    La autora, catedrática de historia de América en la Universidad de Barcelona, es una autoridad reconocida del mundo guarayo, al que ya ha dedicado cinco libros. En el último, que aquí reseñamos, reconstruye lo sucedido en quince años decisivos tanto para los guarayos como para la historia de la actual provincia de Guarayos, en el departamento boliviano de Santa Cruz. Pilar García comienza recordando que, en el contexto del surgimiento y desarrollo de Bolivia como Estado-nación, uno de los ret...

  2. Styring af kommunal digitalisering

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jæger, Birgit

    2017-01-01

    Digitalisering af både interne arbejdsprocesser og kommunikation med borgere og virksomheder har længe været en vigtig faktor i moderniseringen af den offentlige sektor. Derfor er der stort fokus på styring af digitaliseringen. Denne artikel undersøger, dels hvordan digitaliseringen i den kommunale...... sektor styres, og dels hvilke styringsparadigmer der kan identificeres. Med udgangspunkt i en konkret kommune analyseres styringen af digitalisering gennem et hierarki af offentlige digitaliseringsstrategier. Gennem udvikling af en helt ny form for organisering, en såkaldt Digitaliseringsforening...

  3. De la plegaria y de la cocina ritual (Chiapas, México)

    OpenAIRE

    Pujol, Helios Figuerola

    2014-01-01

    Intentaremos mostrar cómo, entre los tzeltales de Cancuc, en los altos de Chiapas, el ch’abajom (rezador) se transforma, durante el tiempo del ritual, en un delicado chef cocinero. Los conocimientos culinarios del ch’abajom se encuentran resumidos en un libro de recetas que, en un sueño premonitorio, un mestizo le entregará para facilitar sus actividades. En ese escrito encontrará los versos con metáforas y figuras retóricas con las que los dioses se alimentan. Para que éstas sean eficaces de...

  4. Sine Fine: Dios, los Habsburgo y el traspaso de las insignias de poder en el Quinientos

    OpenAIRE

    Mínguez, Víctor

    2014-01-01

    Partiendo del estudio de una pintura flamenca de Ambrosius Francken, Allegorie auf die Kaiserkrönung Ferdinands II. am 9. September 1619 (Deutsches Historisches Museum de Berlín), se analiza en esta investigación la construcción iconográfica de la entrega divina de las insignias del poder a los emperadores o reyes de la Casa de Habsburgo, a través de diversos grabados y pinturas. Estas imágenes configuran un discurso visual y retórico que pretendía justificar públicamente la...

  5. El sistema de los status de Eugrafio

    OpenAIRE

    Pirovano, Luigi

    2009-01-01

    [ES] Recogiendo y analizando las glosas retóricas del Commentum Terenti atribuido a Eugrafio, es posible reconstruir con un nivel de precisión bastante elevado el sistema de los status utilizado por el comentarista, muy parecido -aunque no igual- a los sistemas «de trece status» que podemos encontrar en los Rhetores Latini Minores. Este análisis nos permite apreciar la naturaleza unitaria del comentario y precisar mejor cuál fue la personalidad y la auténtica finalidad de Eugrafio, a un tiemp...

  6. Una universidad “de” y “para” el movimiento indígena (A university of and for the indigenous movement)

    OpenAIRE

    González Terreros, María Isabel; Aguilera Morales, Alcira

    2016-01-01

    El presente artículo analiza los aportes políticos y pedagógicos de la Universidad Autónoma Intercultural Indígena del Cauca –UAIIN-, que es una propuesta educativa de y para los pueblos indígenas en Colombia. La Universidad se ha constituido en una alternativa para el fortalecimiento de los conocimientos ancestrales al gestarse como parte de las reivindicaciones y luchas del movimiento indígena que propone la Universidad como opción de formación para sus comunidades. La Universidad ret...

  7. Alignment Despite Antagonism: the United States-Korea-Japan Security Triangle; Victor D. Cha : Stanford University Press. Stanford, California. 1999. 374 pp

    OpenAIRE

    Stanganelli, Isabel Cecilia

    2002-01-01

    De todas las relaciones bilaterales en el Asia, la relativa a Corea del Sur y Japón es la más importante. La proximidad geográfica, familiaridad cultural y similares sistemas económicos deberían asegurar relaciones de cooperación entre ambos. Los enemigos comunes durante la guerra fría, la retórica beligerante y las capacidades de armamento ofensivo debieron actuar como un factor de cohesión. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen)

  8. Batman en Chile o la deformación histriónica de un mito

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Rojas Pachas

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se propone analizar la novela Batman en Chile de Enrique Lihn priorizando la resemantización que realiza el autor chileno del mito heroico al hacer uso de estrategias textuales como la ironía, el humor conceptual, referencias intertextuales a la cultura pop, explotación del mal gusto y el kitsch a fin de crear un híbrido que tensione el panorama narrativo nacional como la retórica de su contexto de producción y la guerra fría en Latinoamérica.

  9. Tipología del relato de viajes en la literatura hispanoamericana: definiciones y desarrollo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guzmán Rubio, Federico

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Although travel accounts are one of literary genres with more tradition in literature, their poetic was far beyond of being well defined. Thanks to Alburquerque and Carrizo Rueda researches, among others, this situation has radically changed in the Hispanic world. From their definitions of travel accounts, that allow selecting texts by narratological, rhetoric and cultural criteria, not only focusing on the subject, as traditionally was done, this work explores the genre development in Latin American literature since Independence with the purpose of explaining its chronological development. It also tries to describe the different formal patterns in which the genre has been practiced, all of which has also suffered its own evolution. The suggested typology is formed by models that can be extrapolated to other literatures.Pese a ser uno de los géneros con mayor tradición en la historia de la literatura, el relato de viajes distaba mucho de contar con una poética definida. En el orbe hispánico, esta situación ha cambiado radicalmente gracias a las investigaciones recientes de Carrizo Rueda y de Alburquerque, entre otros especialistas. Partiendo de sus definiciones del relato de viajes, que permiten emprender una selección de textos basada en criterios retóricos, narratológicos y culturales, y no sólo temáticos, como tradicionalmente se acostumbraba, este trabajo explora el desarrollo del género en la literatura hispanoamericana desde la Independencia e intenta describir los diversos patrones formales en que se ha plasmado, los cuales también han experimentado su propia evolución. La tipología esbozada da cuenta de submodelos que pueden extrapolarse a otras literaturas.

  10. De dualismos y domesticaciones: Davidson, Mcdowell y Hegel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Guzmán

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El renacimiento del interés por Hegel en el mundo filosófico se apoya en varios puntos: la superación del dualismo entre el esquema conceptual y el contenido (Davidson, McDowell, la disipación del mito de lo dado (Sellars, Quine y el inferencialismo (Brandom. En relación con el primer punto, John McDowell intenta superar aquel dualismo, echando mano de un Hegel cuya retórica requiere de una domesticación. Se intenta iluminar el alcance y algunas limitaciones de esta propuesta, en su intento por desmontar la filosofía del permanente movimiento entre el mito de lo dado o la inmediatez, por un lado, y el coherentismo, por el otro.

  11. Potencial del Agua del suelo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bustamante Heliodoro

    1986-12-01

    Full Text Available La energía potencial del agua presenta diferencias de un punto del suelo a otro; esas diferencias son las que originan el movimiento del agua de acuerdo a la tendencia universal de la materia en el sentido de moverse de donde la energía potencial es mayor a donde dicha energía es menor. En el suelo el agua en consecuencia se mueve hacia donde su energía decrece hasta lograr su estado de equilibrio. Se desprende entonces que la cantidad de energía potencial absoluta contenida en el agua, no es importante por sí misma, sino por su relación con la energía en diferentes lugares dentro del suelo. El concepto Potencial de agua del suelo es un criterio para esta energía.

  12. Michael Jackson antes del caos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Luciano Nieves

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Michael Jackson es un buen ejemplo de cómo utilizar las relaciones públicas para realizar o manipular la imagen de un producto a través de los medios de comunicación. Este ensayo pretende analizar los eventos que tuvieron lugar antes de que el cantante fuera acusado de abuso sexual contra un menor. Dichos eventos formaron parte de un plan muy bien delineado para disminuir los efectos de la inminente crisis que se acercaba. Este trabajo combina la crítica retórica de temas de fantasía con teoría de comunicación.

  13. Identification of an estrogen response element in the 3'-flanking region of the murine c-fos protooncogene.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hyder, S M; Stancel, G M; Nawaz, Z; McDonnell, D P; Loose-Mitchell, D S

    1992-09-05

    We have used transient transfection assays with reporter plasmids expressing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, linked to regions of mouse c-fos, to identify a specific estrogen response element (ERE) in this protooncogene. This element is located in the untranslated 3'-flanking region of the c-fos gene, 5 kilobases (kb) downstream from the c-fos promoter and 1.5 kb downstream of the poly(A) signal. This element confers estrogen responsiveness to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporters linked to both the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter and the homologous c-fos promoter. Deletion analysis localized the response element to a 200-base pair fragment which contains the element GGTCACCACAGCC that resembles the consensus ERE sequence GGTCACAGTGACC originally identified in Xenopus vitellogenin A2 gene. A synthetic 36-base pair oligodeoxynucleotide containing this c-fos sequence conferred estrogen inducibility to the thymidine kinase promoter. The corresponding sequence also induced reporter activity when present in the c-fos gene fragment 3 kb from the thymidine kinase promoter. Gel-shift experiments demonstrated that synthetic oligonucleotides containing either the consensus ERE or the c-fos element bind human estrogen receptor obtained from a yeast expression system. However, the mobility of the shifted band is faster for the fos-ERE-complex than the consensus ERE complex suggesting that the three-dimensional structure of the protein-DNA complexes is different or that other factors are differentially involved in the two reactions. When the 5'-GGTCA sequence present in the c-fos ERE is mutated to 5'-TTTCA, transcriptional activation and receptor binding activities are both lost. Mutation of the CAGCC-3' element corresponding to the second half-site of the c-fos sequence also led to the loss of receptor binding activity, suggesting that both half-sites of this element are involved in this function. The estrogen induction mediated by either the c-fos or

  14. Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz

    OpenAIRE

    Furcal-Beriguete, Parménides; Herrera-Barrantes, Alejandra

    2013-01-01

    Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, ...

  15. Editorial. La naturaleza y comprensión del territorio a través del hecho y memoria social

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Inzulza Contardo

    2015-12-01

    su relación con el río. Laura Gallardo, nos invita a “la reflexión cotidiana en el proyecto arquitectónico”, relevando el actuar del ser humano en el centro de la discusión y en la actividad arquitectónica-proyectual. Dentro de un recorrido en espacios urbanos de alta significancia de Santiago y Valparaíso, se retratan las vivencias en la calle, el bar y la casa, como tres espacios esenciales en la vida cotidiana, los cuales debería ser recuperados en todo análisis que concierna a la ciudad y sus sistemas básicos. Un tercer grupo de trabajos, lo constituyen dos investigaciones sobre la valoración del imaginario urbano, como herramienta veraz de captura del espacio vivido. Luis Campos y Romina Álvarez nos invitan a descubrir la retórica de dos publicaciones en Santiago, Chile: “Santiago en 100 palabras” y la Revista “Vivienda y Decoración”, del diario El Mercurio, las cuales en conjunto, permiten apoyar la reflexión principal de los autores, respecto a que estos imaginarios apodados como la “ciudad abreviada” y el “barrio alto”, son en definitiva, los “esquemas de percepción y organización de la ciudad que surgen de nuestro almacenamiento de representaciones y contenidos intencionales, y que quedan disponibles para nuestro desempeño práctico posterior”. Esta visión de lo vivido es discutido también desde las formas arquitectónicas del urbanismo fluvial en Valdivia, que Gerardo Saelzer y Simón Urbina nos presentan. Aportando con un relato cartográfico y historiográfico, los autores van detrás de “rescate cultural” de éste espacio fluvial y dentro de un periodo registrado de dos décadas (1973-1960, reparan en que dicho recurso fluvial, ha sido cercenado en su estructura original y alejado de un urbanismo que relacione a Valdivia con su territorio habitado. “Es decir, desde la funcionalidad del río a la sensibilidad estética, de regreso a la funcionalidad social de la ciudad”. Hemos querido culminar este n

  16. Patología, escritura y género en el fin de siglo: Alma contemporánea y Manual del perfecto enfermo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alba del Pozo García

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo aborda dos ensayos españoles sobre la enfermedad publicados en el cambio de siglo XIX-XX, de José María Llanas Aguilaniedo (Alma contemporánea, 1899 y de Rafael Urbano (Manual del perfecto enfermo, 1911. Se examina el modo en el que asumen la neurosis masculina como una manifestación positiva e inevitable de la vida moderna, en línea con el ambiente cultural de un fin de siglo marcado por los discursos médicos y la correlación que establecen entre el genio, la producción artística y las patologías psiquiátricas. Ambos textos se identifican con la retórica clínica y plantean un propósito curativo explícito. Sin embargo, en lugar de limitarse a reproducir el binomio enfermo/sano, lo van a problematizar, puesto que la categoría de enfermedad que desarrollan se va a desligar del modelo médico para desplazarse al terreno de la subjetividad, la escritura y la identidad. This paper analyses two Spanish essays on illness published during the fin de siècle: José María Llanas Aguilaniedo’s 1899 Alma contemporánea and Rafael Urbano’s 1911 Manual del perfecto enfermo. The focus lies on how masculine neurosis is read as a sign of modern struggles in a fin de siècle culture characterized by the hegemony of medical discourses and the relationship between genius, artistic production, and psychiatric pathologies. Both texts are associated to medical discourses and suggest healing strategies. In this scope, the typical ill/health opposition undergoes a critical turn. In fact, these texts depict a notion of illness that undermines medical rhetoric, placing illness in the field of subjectivity, writing and identity.

  17. Fra abstrakte modeller til virkelige data

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jespersen, Jesper

    2014-01-01

    En del af Thomas Pikettys oprør retter sig mod, at økonomiske modeller udvælges, så de understøtter en i forvejen ønsket konklusion. Selv erstatter han abstrakte modeller med analyse af data. Men har hans kritikere ret, når de påstår, at han erstatter mangelfulde modeller med mangelfulde data?...

  18. Magt, sex og klassehad

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Böss, Michael

    2009-01-01

    At kirkens magt i Irland antog en så pervers karakter, skyldtes bl.a., at den var blevet overgivet en samfundsklasse, som ikke havde været vant til at udøve magt, dengangIrland var en del af Det Forenede Kongerige. Artilens anledning er udgivelsen af en rapport i Irland om mosbruig af børn og ung...

  19. Da flashmobs blev kommercielle

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thomsen, Line Hassall

    2017-01-01

    Det ligner leg. Og så leger du selv med. Men i virkeligheden er du pludselig en del af en markedsføring med sløret afsender. Det hele tager kun et par minutter i virkeligheden, og det synes måske ikke af noget stort, men det efterlader et medieprodukt, der varer langt længere og deles til hele ve...

  20. Un’opera giovanile di Tiziano: il Ritratto D’Uomo di Copenaghen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Filtenborg, Troels; Wivel, Matthias

    2014-01-01

    Tizians mandsportræt i København har været genstand for kun ringe grad af opmærksomhed i forskningen til trods for, at det giver et fascinerende indblik i kunstnerens tidligere karriere som portrætmaler. Artiklen forsøger at afhjælpe dette ved dels at redegøre for resultaterne af en nylig maletek...

  1. I epidemisk alarmtilstand

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Østergaard, Lise Rosendal

    2015-01-01

    Sundhedsarbejdere i Burkina Faso har den svære opgave at arbejde under materielle betingelser præget af knaphed. Ebola tydeliggør, hvad den forskel betyder i liv. Der har været en del opmærksomhed på risikoen for, at befolkningens tillid til sundhedssystemet forringes. Vi bør også tænke på risikoen...

  2. Fra spil-filmatiseringen til spil-filmen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Henrik Smed

    2010-01-01

    Filmatiseringer af computerspil har siden Super Mario Bros.i 1993 været en fast del af Hollywoods repertoire. Sjældent fører de dog andet med sig end lunkne anmeldelser og sure spil-fans. Elleve år tidligere, med TRON i 1982, ser spil-filmen dagens lys. Uden brands og licensaftaler i ryggen tegne...

  3. Generering af NC-programmer til Cincinatti-Milicron CNC fræser med Pro Engineer Wildfire

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Jørgen Dai; Friis, Kasper Leth; Bay, Niels

    2005-01-01

    Kasper Leth Friis. Vejledningen er udarbejdet med henblik på den version af ProEngineer Wildfire, der har været tilgængelig via IPLs computere i perioden 2004/2005. Guiden indeholder gennemgangen af både en CAD- samt en CAM del, men den skal primært tjene som en indføring i CAM delen i SPIF formgivningen...

  4. Oratoria y performance en la Atenas clásica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael J. Edwards

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available En griego antiguo el término empleado para la “acción”, una de las cinco partes de la retórica en la teoría retórica desarrollada, era hypokrisis, que también fue la palabra usada para hablar de “actuación” y no hay duda de que los ciudadanos atenienses, ya fuera sentados como jurados en los dikasteries atenienses o decidiendo sobre políticas en las reuniones de la asamblea, esperaban de aquellos que les hablaban que montaran una entretenida performance oratoria. Mucho se ha escrito sobre el tema en los últimos tiempos, y trato de adoptar un acercamiento diferente aquí al considerar once posibles indicadores de cómo se realizaban los discursos judiciales. Baso la discusión en el acrónimo “performance” y esbozo algunas inferencias a partir de los textos mismos. Los temas que se abordarán son: la importancia de la apertura del discurso (proemio para dar la impresión correcta en los jurados; de qué manera los oradores que se encuentran en circunstancias particularmente difíciles pueden usar una forma alternativa de proemio llamada ephodos; el uso común de preguntas retóricas, por parte de los oradores, para lograr un acercamiento con el auditorio; la importancia de contar con una voz fuerte (phone y las implicaciones de no poseer una; los temas interrelacionados de la oralidad, la estilística, el ritmo y la memoria (mneme, otra de las cinco partes de la retórica; la estratagema de dirigirse al oponente en segunda persona (apostrophe como una forma de alejarlo de los jurados; algunos aspectos de la narración, que era un elemento clave de los discursos forenses; algunas referencias al reloj de agua (klepsydra que cronometraba los discursos; finalmente, la importancia de dejar una buena impresión en los jurados al final del discurso (epilogos.

  5. Retóricas del viaje a España, 1800-1900

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Colombi

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Partiendo de una reflexión crítica en torno a la literatura de viajes, se analizan los textos de Fray Servando, Sarmiento, Rubén Darío y Alfonso Reyes, para observar en ellos las relaciones que se establecen entre el viajero y, en este caso, España (expectativas, representaciones, descubrimientos.

  6. Dano moral: análise de argumentos decisórios em acórdão trabalhista sob a ótica da Nova Retórica

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    Barbara Bedin

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho objetivou-se analisar os argumentos valorados por desembargadores para formar o entendimento do significado de dano moral – que equivale a um fenômeno jurídico passível de ser indenizado. Para alcançar tal objetivo, examinou-se, em um estudo exploratório, o acórdão n. 0000192-11.2011.5.04.0001, proferido pela Quarta Turma do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da Quarta Região (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que trata de uma indenização por dano moral. Os argumentos foram levantados e analisados sob a ótica da Nova Retórica de Perelman e Olbrecht-Tyteca.

  7. A trapaça e os trapaceiros: algumas sugestões para uma abordagem retórica dos gêneros do discurso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Antônio Gutierrez

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2008v4n2p33 A correspondência indesejada (spam representa na melhor hipótese um incômodo e, na pior, um risco à segurança e à privacidade dos usuários. No entanto, trata-se de fenômeno típico do uso massivo da Internet e só isso parece-nos suficiente para indicar a necessidade de sua compreensão. O presente artigo aborda uma das categorias mais insidiosas desse tipo de correspondência – as mensagens de Cavalo de Tróia, elaboradas por criminosos com o objetivo de instalar programas maliciosos nos computadores de usuários incautos. Nossa abordagem, porém, será eminentemente retórica, buscando compreender o fenômeno como um jogo argumentativo, como parte de um contexto mais amplo destinado a situar e categorizar gêneros emergentes do discurso em meio digital.

  8. Determinantes del trabajo infantil y la escolaridad: el caso del Valle del Cauca en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastián Urueña Abadía

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Colombia, al igual que la mayoría de países latinoamericanos, consciente de las repercusiones sociales y económicas negativas del trabajo infantil, se ha comprometido en la lucha por la erradicación de este fenómeno. Prueba de ello es la ratificación por parte del gobierno colombiano en el año 2007, del Convenio 182 de la OIT sobre la Prohibición de las Peores Formas de Trabajo Infantil y la Acción Inmediata para su Eliminación. En el plano regional, como parte del Plan de Desarrollo del Departamento del Valle del Cauca 2008-2011, se está implementando actualmente una estrategia territorial de erradicación del trabajo infantil en sus 42 municipios. Considerando este panorama, este trabajo indaga cuáles son los determinantes del trabajo infantil y la escolaridad en el departamento del Valle a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida del año 2003. Para el análisis se emplea un modelo econométrico Probit Bivariado, que permite el estudio conjunto e interrelacionado de decisiones diferentes, en este caso la asistencia escolar y el trabajo.

  9. La superación del modelo del ángel del hogar:

    OpenAIRE

    Hurtado Muñoz, Mónica

    2013-01-01

    La Tesis Doctoral titulada "La superación del modelo del "ángel del hogar". Recuperación de la escritora Leonor Canalejas y Fustegueras (1869-1945)" aborda, en primer lugar, un análisis sociológico de las circunstancias que rodearon a la mujer española en el cambio de siglo en el ámbito social y educativo, en un intento de esclarecer las características propias del contexto en el que la mujer accede a la intelectualidad en general y a la literatura en particular. Esta parte concluye que la cr...

  10. Microestructura de una unión disímil AISI 321 y una aleación A 351 grado HK-40 obtenida mediante soldadura manual por arco eléctrico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reilis Fuentes-Guilarte

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo fue establecer el comportamiento microestructural de una unión disímil de acero inoxidable austenítico AISI 321 y de la aleación A 351 grado HK 40 obtenida por fundición mediante soldadura manual por arco eléctrico y electrodos revestidos del tipo E 309 L-16. La estructura ferrita–austeníta que se forma en la unión del acero con la aleación es resultado del elevado contenido de carbono de la segunda. La baja velocidad de enfriamiento del cordón de soldadura revela ausencia de discontinuidades en el retículo cristalino de la zona afectada térmicamente y atenúa la formación de carburos de cromo del tipo Cr23C6, que puede formar la aleación A 351 grado HK 40 durante la difusión del volumen de fracción en masa del cromo.

  11. El pensamiento económico de los primeros economistas colombianos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Germán Raúl Chaparro

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo ofrece una aproximación al pensamiento económico de los economistas colombianos de mediados del siglo XIX. Se toman como referencia algunos de los más influyentes: Florentino González, Salvador Camacho Roldán, Aníbal Galindo y Miguel Samper, y se analiza la forma en la que la doctrina del libre cambio se fue incorporando en el pensamiento de los estadistas colombianos, principalmente con respecto a la concepción del Estado. La metodología usada es el estudio de los textos y su retórica. Se concluye que las prescripciones políticas del liberalismo económico, que incluyen la promoción del libre cambio, la teoría de la ventaja comparativa en el comercio internacional, el rechazo de los monopolios y la sospecha sobre la acción del gobierno ejercieron una influencia parcial en la cimentación del proyecto liberal decimonónico.

  12. La dynamique des régimes de régulation de la sûreté nucléaire française à la lumière de ses instruments

    OpenAIRE

    Chanton , Olivier; Mangeon , Michael; Pallez , Frédérique; Rolina , Grégory

    2016-01-01

    International audience; L’accident de Fukushima a provoqué une prise de conscience sans précédent concernant l’importance des risques naturels à l’échelle internationale. En mettant en cause plusieurs aspects institutionnels, et notamment les liens de dépendance entre l’autorité de sûreté nucléaire et le ministère de l’industrie japonais, les analyses de l’accident posent également la question de la gouvernance et de la régulation des risques nucléaires avec une acuité nouvelle (Delamotte 201...

  13. Culturas del Mundo

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Benwell, Ann Fenger; Costa, Alberto; Waehle, Espen

    2006-01-01

    ’Culturas del mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca’ with Ann Fenger Benwell in Culturas del Mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. Silvia Sauquet, Fundación "la Caixa", Barcelona 2006, pp. 31-39......’Culturas del mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca’ with Ann Fenger Benwell in Culturas del Mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. Silvia Sauquet, Fundación "la Caixa", Barcelona 2006, pp. 31-39...

  14. Anvendelse af koldpresset rapsolie på varebiler

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Claus Suldrup; Ivarsson, Anders; Schramm, Jesper

    Denne rapport sammenfatter resultaterne af undersøgelserne omkring anvendelse af koldpresset rapsolie på varebiler. Undersøgelsen, som er udført af Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Institut for Mekanisk Teknologi, er en del af et større projekt, som er finansieret af Trafikstyrelsens (tidligere Fær...... Færdselsstyrelsen) tilskudsordning til forsøg med biodiesel. Projektet har været administreret af Odense Kommune....

  15. A Dirty Hero’s Fight for Clean Energy: Satire, Allegory, and Risk Narrative in Ian McEwan’s Solar

    OpenAIRE

    Evi Zemanek

    2012-01-01

    A diferencia de la mayoría de los textos de ficción que narran crisis écologicas, la novela "Solar" (2010) de Ian McEwan, celebrada como "el libro sobre el cambio climático", no esboza un escenario apocalíptico que culmina en una catástrofe colectiva. En lugar de eso, se burla a nivel del discurso de la actual retórica del riesgo, al mismo tiempo que pone en escena la desastrosa gestión de riesgos de su protagonista utilizando el género de la sátira. Mientras que las descr...

  16. El papel de las migraciones ilegales marroquíes hacia España en la formulación de la Política Europea de Vecindad (PEV)

    OpenAIRE

    Restrepo, Martha Ligia

    2014-01-01

    La siguiente investigación sostiene que las migraciones ilegales marroquíes hacia España, propiciaron la formulación de una vertiente mediterránea en el marco de la Política Europea de Vecindad, en lo que supuso un liderazgo español en los procesos de negociación e implementación de esta estrategia mediante la retórica del codesarrollo. Con el objetivo de obtener beneficios concretos en el tratamiento del fenómeno migratorio, el papel de España implicó una europeización de...

  17. Anti-TNF: Novel treatment in ocular sarcoidosis

    OpenAIRE

    Escudero Bodenlle, Laura; Olea Vallejo, José Luis; Pons Crespí, Mateu; Aragón Roca, Juan Antonio; Costa-Jordao, Cátia; Tarragó Pérez, Ramón

    2017-01-01

    Obejtivo: Se pretende demostrar la utilidad de la angiografía con fluoresceína y verde de indocianina en el diagnóstico y manejo de la sarcoidosis ocular, así como la utilidad de los fármacos biológicos en esta patología. Métodos: Para ello, se presenta un caso clínico de sarcoidosis sistémica y ocular tratada durante años con corticoides e inmunomoduladores, con mal control de la enfermedad. La principal afectación era la del segmento posterior del ojo, con numerosos signos en coroides y ret...

  18. El Templo y el Imaginario Festivo del Barroco: a propósito de la Descripción Panegírica de Núñez Sotomayor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime GARCÍA BERNAL

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: La inauguración del templo mayor de Jaén en 1660, tras décadas de obra interrumpida, dio lugar a uno de los textos festivos más notables del barroco hispano, la Descripción Panegírica del escribano Juan Núñez de Sotomayor. En este artículo abordamos las claves retóricas e ideológicas de su relato, que se nutre de la tradición de historiografía festiva de la España de los Austrias pero también la trasciende, presentando las festividades de 1660 como el signo de un acontecimiento de mucho más alcance: la refundación de la comunidad católica. Evocando historias de la mitología clásica y del Antiguo Testamento, así como la imaginería del libro del Apocalipsis, el autor convierte la inauguración de la catedral de Jaén en la prueba del advenimiento del tiempo nuevo que acompañará esta transformación de la vida espiritual. La imagen del templo renovado aparece también en altares efímeros, sermones y poesías durante las jornadas festivas. En conjunto, el cardenal Andrade y Castro, promotor de las fiestas, escenificó la tradición narrativa de la historia eclesiástica del reino de Jaén y de sus santos codificada por su predecesor don Baltasar de Moscoso, universalizando su contenido.ABSTRACT: The inaugural festivities for the newly renovated Jaén cathedral in 1660 spurred the scribe Juan Núñez de Sotomayor to write what was to become one of the most important festive tracts of the Spanish baroque period, the 900-page Descripción Panegírica. This article explores the rhetorical and ideological keys to Sotomayor’s text, which drew on the festive literature of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, but also transcended the scope of these earlier writings by presenting the festivities of 1660 as the sign of a much broader event: the restoration of the Catholic community. Interweaving allusions to Old Testament stories and those of classical mythology with images from the Book of Revelations, the

  19. Determinación del requerimiento hídrico del pimentón en el municipio de Candelaria, departamento del Valle del Cauca

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    Estrada Salazar Edgar Iván

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un ensayo con el fin de determinar el requerimiento hídrico del pimentón Capsicum annuum variedad Unapal-Serrano, en la zona de Candelaria-Valle del Cauca (Colombia. Se determinó que el pimentón requiere 425mm de agua durante su ciclo vegetativo, obteniendo una eficiencia del uso del agua de 5.32 kg/m3 de fruto fresco y de 0.5 kg/m3 en términos de materia seca. Además, se comprobó la eficiencia del microevaporímetro "MIEVHR" como herramienta para programación del riego y estudios hidrológicos.

  20. Las fluctuaciones del nivel del mar durante el Cuaternario

    OpenAIRE

    Pousa, Jorge Lorenzo; Isla, Federico Ignacio; Schnack, Enrique Jorge

    2002-01-01

    Los cambios del nivel del mar han ejercido una fuerte influencia en la evolución del planeta y en la historia de la humanidad. En una escala de tiempo geológico, las variaciones de los niveles oceánicos han dejado un registro ampliamente distribuido en la forma de depósitos sedimentarios. El descenso del nivel del mar durante la Ultima Glaciación, que alcanzó unos 120 metros hace 18.000 años, permitió la emergencia del estrecho de Bering y la migración humana desde Eurasia hacia América. Se e...

  1. EFECTO DEL SILICIO Y PLAGUICIDAS EN LA FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL ARROZ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Parm\\u00E9nides Furcal-Beriguete

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, silicio al suelo más plaguicidas (alternativas químicas, silicio foliar, silicio foliar más plaguicidas y testigo comercial. Como fuente se utilizaron si- licio en polvo al 70% de SiO2, aplicado quince días antes de siembra en dosis de 100 kg SiO2/ha, y líquido concentrado 40% SiO2 y 36% MgO, aplicado al follaje en dosis de 4 l/ha a los 17 y 30 días después de la siembra. El suelo del orden inceptisol de formación aluvial, al inicio del experimento tenía pH 4,9, valores de P y Si disponibles de 29 ppm y 44,7 ppm, respectivamente, acidez intercambiable 1,2 cmol(+/l y suma de bases 19,11 cmol(+/l. No hubo diferencia estadística significativa del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, y en la calidad molinera; sin embargo, la combinación del silicio aplicado al suelo y el uso de plaguicidas incrementaron el contenido de zinc y cobre en el suelo, y del zinc y magnesio en las hojas de arroz, pero este efecto no se tradujo en rendimiento y calidad de granos. La aplicación de plaguicidas influyó positivamente en el peso y rendimiento del arroz en granza (p≤0,05.

  2. Identidad y otredad. Poesía femenina en el Estado de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Lujano-Valenzuela

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde una perspectiva de género se analizan las obras: Ausencia del mari - no de Blanca Álvarez Caballero, Los amores del alba. El otro lado de la luna de Obdulia Ortega Rodríguez, Erizada piel de Irma Tapia, y Tiempo diverso de Guadalupe Cárde - nas; todas representativas de la literatura contemporánea del Estado de México. Para el análisis del discurso poético y las marcas retóricas se siguió, en todos los casos, un estudio de las micro y macroestructuras del poema. Este ejercicio de crítica literaria constituye una reflexión acerca de la legítima expresión de la escritura e identidad de las mujeres, así como el binarismo hombre/mujer que determina la relación amorosa presente en todos los poemarios.

  3. Catàleg dels Miridae (Heteroptera) del Massís del Garraf

    OpenAIRE

    Goula Goula, Marta

    1989-01-01

    Per a la redacció d'aquest catàleg, s'aporten dades d'observació pròpia al llarg dels anys 1980-1984, així com les troballes publicades per CUNI (1889a,1889b,1889c,1891) i per RIBES (1978a,1978b,1980,1984). Totes aquestes observacions s'han fet en localitats del Massis del Garraf, que será objecte d'una curta descripció.

  4. La Orden de Medidas Provisionales del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso del buque de guerra ARA Libertad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Cabrera Mirassou

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente comentario tiene por finalidad describir la reciente orden de medidas provisionales emitida por el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso relativo a la detención de la Fragata ARA Libertad. La controversia contiene un complejo trasfondo político, económico y jurídico, en el cual se destaca el alcance de la inmunidad de los buques de guerra, el funcionamiento del sistema de solución de controversias de la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre Derecho del Mar y, en particular, la competencia del Tribunal. Con la finalidad de lograr un entendimiento más profundo de su jurisprudencia se abordan los principales aspectos que permitan comprender el valor de la decisión para los actores del régimen de los océanos.

  5. Funciones del estilo personal del terapeuta en profesionales del campo de las adicciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandro Casari

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar el estilo personal del terapeuta entre dos grupos de profesionales, uno dedicado a la atención de pacientes drogodependientes (grupo adicciones y otro a la atención clínica en general (grupo clínico. Método. La muestra estuvo formada por 100 psicoterapeutas que trabajan en instituciones públicas y privadas de tres provincias del interior de Argentina, pareados por las variables socioprofesionales (sexo, edad, años de experiencia profesional, enfoque teórico, grupo etario de trabajo, tipo de abordaje predominante, duración del tratamiento y grado de especialización. El instrumento empleado fue el Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta. Resultados. Para el análisis de datos se emplearon pruebas de comparación de medias y se analizó su tamaño del efecto. Se obtuvieron diferencias signifi cativas en la función expresiva: grupo clínico (M = 40.36 y grupo adicciones (M = 29.86; así como también en la función instruccional: grupo clínico (M = 28.01 y grupo adicciones (M = 32.67. Esto indica una mayor distancia emocional y un incremento en la rigidez del encuadre terapéutico en los terapeutas de pacientes adictos. Conclusión. Se discuten estos resultados en función de postulados previos que señalan la complejidad del vínculo terapéutico y el énfasis en las características del encuadre terapéutico, tal como la puesta de límites.

  6. Calidad del servicio de taxis del municipio Maracaibo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joheni A. Urdaneta G.

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la calidad del servicio de los taxis en el municipio Maracaibo, ya que los mismos forman parte del sistema de transporte urbano de la ciudad, y es un servicio público fundamental para la convivencia de la sociedad; para lograr este objetivo se realizó una adaptación del modelo SERVPERF, diseñando un instrumento tipo cuestionario, con 32 ítems en 6 dimensiones, adecuado a las características propias del servicio de taxi, con la finalidad de confirmar que los ítems de los instrumentos se correspondían con las dimensiones adaptadas se aplicó la técnica de análisis factorial resultando un nuevo instrumento con 24 ítems en 3 dimensiones. Se utilizó la escala de Likert con tres (3 alternativas de respuesta. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva y aplicada, bajo diseño no experimental de tipo transeccional descriptiva y de campo. La población quedó conformada por los usuarios de las líneas de taxis del municipio Maracaibo. Se aplicó muestreo aleatorio por conglomerado. La confiabilidad del instrumento se midió a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach resultando de 0,82 lo cual se considera aceptable. Los resultados revelan que la calidad del servicio de taxis del municipio Maracaibo es mediana por lo tanto este servicio es susceptible a mejoras, las cuales son necesarias para elevar la calidad de vida de los marabinos. Este resultado se obtuvo con el instrumento originalmente adaptado de 32 ítems y con el cuestionario resultante del análisis factorial, de 24 ítems; esto confirma lo apropiado de esta técnica, ya que se redujo el número de ítems y de las dimensiones originalmente adaptadas y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los resultados con ambos instrumentos; de esta manera se puede medir la calidad del servicio de taxis en el municipio Maracaibo a través de las dimensiones: confiabilidad del servicio, socialización y responsabilidad.

  7. En busca del concepto de gerencia del cuidado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ligia Teresa Mora-Delgado

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Este articulo, presenta los conceptos de gerencia del cuidado de enfermería, desarrollado por las enfermeras profesionales que laboran en le Empresa social del estado Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz de las Ciudad de Cúcuta, desde su desempeño en la asistencia, administración y docencia. Se pretende además precisar los elementos gerenciales, sociales, humanísticos y éticos que deben hacer parte del concepto de gerencia del cuidado.

  8. Ruptura del projecte parental i disposició dels preembrions

    OpenAIRE

    Farnós Amorós, Esther

    2010-01-01

    La tesi doctoral "Ruptura del projecte parental i disposició dels preembrions" analitza els efectes del consentiment a les tècniques de reproducció assistida prestat en el marc d'un projecte parental. La tesi ofereix una resposta als conflictes que enfronten exesposos o exconvivents en relació al destí dels preembrions sobrants d'un cicle de fecundació "in vitro" iniciat durant la relació. Aquests conflictes constitueixen un grup de casos al voltant del qual no hi ha solucions legislatives qu...

  9. To Philosophize or not to Philosophize? Rorty’s Challenge to Feminists

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marianne Janack

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo retoma el llamado que hace Rorty a lo(as feministas para que abandonen la filosofía (y la apelación a la verdad y a la realidad a favor de una utilización del lenguaje que cree un nuevo espacio lógico para la política feminista. El argumento se concentra en el papel retórico del llamado a la verdad y a la realidad, el papel de la innovación lingüística en el cambio social, y la crítica feminista del uso que hace Rorty de la "voz profética" en su discusión de las políticas feministas.

  10. Determinantes del ingreso y del gasto corriente de los hogares

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz C., Manuel

    2004-01-01

    Este ensayo de investigación empírica analiza los determinantes del ingreso y del gasto en los hogares colombianos. Utilizando un modelo del ciclo de vida con datos de la encuesta de hogares de 1994 y 1995, muestra que el comportamiento del ingreso está afectado principalmente por las características demográficas del hogar y los rasgos socio ocupacionales de sus miembros. El comportamiento del gasto está determinado ante todo por el ingreso y, en menor medida, por las características sociales...

  11. Detection of Gene Rearrangements in Circulating Tumor Cells: Examples of ALK-, ROS1-, RET-Rearrangements in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and ERG-Rearrangements in Prostate Cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Catelain, Cyril; Pailler, Emma; Oulhen, Marianne; Faugeroux, Vincent; Pommier, Anne-Laure; Farace, Françoise

    2017-01-01

    Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold promise as biomarkers to aid in patient treatment stratification and disease monitoring. Because the number of cells is a critical parameter for exploiting CTCs for predictive biomarker's detection, we developed a FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) method for CTCs enriched on filters (filter-adapted FISH [FA-FISH]) that was optimized for high cell recovery. To increase the feasibility and reliability of the analyses, we combined fluorescent staining and FA-FISH and developed a semi-automated microscopy method for optimal FISH signal identification in filtration-enriched CTCs . Here we present these methods and their use for the detection and characterization of ALK-, ROS1-, RET-rearrangement in CTCs from non-small-cell lung cancer and ERG-rearrangements in CTCs from prostate cancer patients.

  12. Gestión del riesgo del cambio (segunda parte)

    OpenAIRE

    Zorrilla Salgador, Juan Pablo

    2004-01-01

    Segunda parte del artículo acerca del uso de futuros sobre el tipo de cambio. Esta continuación abarca estrategias, definiciones, metodología y explicaciones sobre todo lo relacionado con el Ratio de cobertura de los futuros y la aparición del riesgo base.Segunda parte del artículo acerca del uso de futuros sobre el tipo de cambio. Esta continuación abarca estrategias, definiciones, metodología y explicaciones sobre todo lo relacionado con el Ratio de cobertura de los futuros y la aparición d...

  13. Identification of Driving ALK Fusion Genes and Genomic Landscape of Medullary Thyroid Cancer.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jun Ho Ji

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The genetic landscape of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC is not yet fully understood, although some oncogenic mutations have been identified. To explore genetic profiles of MTCs, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from MTC patients were assayed on the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Panel v2. Eighty-four sporadic MTC samples and 36 paired normal thyroid tissues were successfully sequenced. We discovered 101 hotspot mutations in 18 genes in the 84 MTC tissue samples. The most common mutation was in the ret proto-oncogene, which occurred in 47 cases followed by mutations in genes encoding Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (N = 14, serine/threonine kinase 11 (N = 11, v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (N = 6, mutL homolog 1 (N = 4, Kiesten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (N = 3 and MET proto-oncogene (N = 3. We also evaluated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK rearrangement by immunohistochemistry and break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH. Two of 98 screened cases were positive for ALK FISH. To identify the genomic breakpoint and 5' fusion partner of ALK, customized targeted cancer panel sequencing was performed using DNA from tumor samples of the two patients. Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1-ALK and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4-ALK fusions were identified. Additional PCR analysis, followed by Sanger sequencing, confirmed the GFPT1-ALK fusion, indicating that the fusion is a result of intra-chromosomal translocation or deletion. Notably, a metastatic MTC case harboring the EML4-ALK fusion showed a dramatic response to an ALK inhibitor, crizotinib. In conclusion, we found several genetic mutations in MTC and are the first to identify ALK fusions in MTC. Our results suggest that the EML4-ALK fusion in MTC may be a potential driver mutation and a valid target of ALK inhibitors. Furthermore, the GFPT1-ALK fusion may be a potential candidate for molecular

  14. HACIA UNA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN DEL LEGADO DEL TRADUCTOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Constanza Guzmán

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se propone investigar el aporte de perspectivas traductológicas para el estudio de la figura del traductor y su legado. Se centra en enfoques teóricos contemporáneos, principalmente aquellos basados en perspectivas postestructuralistas, que consideran el papel del sujeto traductor como un aspecto crucial en la traducción y los estudios literarios, y proponen maneras interesantes de abordarlo. A lo largo del artículo se cuestionan nociones como la idea de un original sacralizado, la relación entre autoría y propiedad, el ideal del significado transparente, y la tensión entre la traducción y la escritura del "original". Se presta especial atención a la importancia de ubicar históricamente la práctica del traductor, reconocer su papel como agente visible, y conceptualizar la traducción como una forma de escritura que se desarrolla en medio de complejas interacciones y negociaciones.

  15. HACIA UNA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN DEL LEGADO DEL TRADUCTOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Constanza Guzmán

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se propone investigar el aporte de perspectivas traductológicas para el estudio de la figura del traductor y su legado. Se centra en enfoques teóricos contemporáneos, principalmente aquellos basados en perspectivas postestructuralistas, que consideran el papel del sujeto traductor como un aspecto crucial en la traducción y los estudios literarios, y proponen maneras interesantes de abordarlo. A lo largo del artículo se cuestionan nociones como la idea de un original sacralizado, la relación entre autoría y propiedad, el ideal del significado transparente, y la tensión entre la traducción y la escritura del "original". Se presta especial atención a la importancia de ubicar históricamente la práctica del traductor, reconocer su papel como agente visible, y conceptualizar la traducción como una forma de escritura que se desarrolla en medio de complejas interacciones y negociaciones.

  16. Margins of difference: constructing critical political psychology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paul Nesbitt Larking

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo resalta elementos del discurso y del uso del análisis retórico en la psicología social, que son acompañados por una elaboración de tres contribuciones clave que tal enfoque hace a la psicología crítica. La primera contribución urge a los investigadores que presten atención tanto a sus orientaciones ideológicas, como a las de otros pesquisadores. La segunda contribución se dirige al dualismo artificial entre individuo y sociedad y a cómo trascender tales oposiciones. La tercera contribución se refiere a la psicología política transcultural y a las posibilidades de la psicología política más allá del individualismo posesivo

  17. Componente Cultura del Agua del PMGRH: plan de trabajo

    OpenAIRE

    Autoridad Nacional del Agua; Proyecto de Modernización de la Gestión de Recursos Hídricos

    2012-01-01

    Describe el plan de trabajo del Componente Cultura del Agua del Proyecto de Modernización de la Gestión de Recursos Hídricos (PMGRH) en relacion a dos aspectos estructurales del proyecto: 1. Mejora de la capacidad de la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos (GIRH) a nivel nacional y 2. Fortalecimiento de las capacidades de GIRH en las cuencas.

  18. The history of NATO TNF policy: The role of studies, analysis and exercises conference proceedings. Volume 3: Papers by Gen. Robert C. Richardson III (Ret.)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rinne, R.L. [ed.

    1994-02-01

    This conference was organized to study and analyze the role of simulation, analysis, modeling, and exercises in the history of NATO policy. The premise was not that the results of past studies will apply to future policy, but rather that understanding what influenced the decision process-and how-would be of value. The structure of the conference was built around discussion panels. The panels were augmented by a series of papers and presentations focusing on particular TNF events, issues, studies, or exercises. The conference proceedings consist of three volumes. Volume 1 contains the conference introduction, agenda, biographical sketches of principal participants, and analytical summary of the presentations and discussion panels. Volume 2 contains a short introduction and the papers and presentations from the conference. This volume contains selected papers by Brig. Gen. Robert C. Richardson III (Ret.).

  19. Determinantes del ingreso y del gasto corriente de los hogares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muñoz C., Manuel

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo de investigación empírica analiza los determinantes del ingreso y del gasto en los hogares colombianos. Utilizando un modelo del ciclo de vida con datos de la encuesta de hogares de 1994 y 1995, muestra que el comportamiento del ingreso está afectado principalmente por las características demográficas del hogar y los rasgos socio ocupacionales de sus miembros. El comportamiento del gasto está determinado ante todo por el ingreso y, en menor medida, por las características sociales del hogar y el gasto de otros hogares con características similares. También examina la influencia de la incertidumbre acerca de los ingresos en el gasto de los hogares para comprobar si estos actúan con motivos de precaución.

  20. Análisis del "Curso sobre la Evolución del Pensamiento Juslaboralista" del Profesor Emérito Héctor-Hugo Barbagelata (El espejo retrovisor del Derecho del Trabajo y los Principios del Dr. H. H. Barbagelata

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helios Sarthou

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Los que sabíamos que el profesor Emérito de “Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social" Dr. Hector Hugo Barbagelata, tenía en preparación un libro sobre Evolución del pensamiento Juslaboralista –de algún modo en la senda del Curso que había fundado en nuestra Facultad de Derecho- lo considerábamos de altísima importancia, no sólo en el plano técnico-jurídico, sino también por las implicancias históricas, sociales y políticas que la temática implicaba.- Y esto es así en esta época, en que el pensamiento neoliberal no obstante el camino ya recorrido, continúa buscando incidir en el Derecho del Trabajo, recurriendo a excusas para el retorno al Derecho Civil, o para alcanzar la flexibilidad con mengua del respeto a los principios de tuitividad y justicia social que debe garantizar el Derecho del Trabajo o, en otros casos directamente promoviendo la irrelevancia técnica de la disciplina en beneficio del Derecho Civil o del Derecho Procesal, en su caso.-

  1. Palabras y silencios: la retórica del poder en los Andes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available PAROLES ET SILENCES : LA RETHORIQUE DU POUVOIR DANS LES ANDES. La parole condense différents arguments et formes de pouvoir dans les sociétés andines. Le domaine social et le cadre cérémoniel appartiennent à ceux qui articulent bien les mots. La différenciation entre la valeur octroyée à la parole et celle correspondant aux silences implique diverses modalités de prestige de reconnaissance sociale et de pouvoir rituel dans les Andes. Les personnes, les vivants et les savants exercent une maîtrise subtile de la parole face aux étrangers, aux défunts et aux sots, qui demeurent socialement “muets”, silencieux. La palabra condensa diferentes argumentos y formas de poder en las sociedades andinas. El dominio social y el ámbito ceremonial pertenecen a los buenos articuladores de palabras. La diferenciación entre el valor otorgado a la palabra y el que corresponde a los silencios implica diferentes modalidades de prestigio, reconocimiento social y poder ritual en los Andes. Las personas, los vivos y los sabios ejercen un dominio exquisito de la palabra frente a los extraños, los difuntos y los “necios” que permanecen socialmente “mudos”, callados. WORDS AND SILENCES: THE RHETORIC OF POWER IN THE ANDES. Words have different meanings and means to exercise power in Andean societies. Social power and ceremonial environments belong people who are fluent in language. The difference between the value ascribed to the spoken word and that ascribed to silence implies several kinds of prestige, social recognition and ritual power in the Andes. “Ordinary”, alive and wise people exert an exquisite authority with words as compared with strange, dead and “stupid people” who remain socially 'dumb', silent.

  2. RASGOS GEOGRÁFICOS DEL VALLE DEL RIO AGRIO INFERIOR.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celia Torren

    1993-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo es una síntesis del trabajo "Rasgos Geográficos del Valle del Río Agrio Inferior, el cual es un estudio de base para el conocimiento de la geografía de la región: - apoyando el esfuerzo que está realizando la población del área para lograr una identidad propia y una definitiva integración al contexto provincial; - aportando al proyecto "Rescate Arqueológico en Quili Malal, Neuquén" (subsidiado por CONICET y UNESCO, cuya dirección está a cargo de la profesora Susana Rodríguez de la U.N.C., a través de la confección del mapa geomorfológico del área; y - contribuyendo a los estudios que resultan necesarios ante la construcción de una obra hidroeléctrica de la magnitud de "El Chihuido I", emprendimiento que será llevado a cabo por Agua y Energía eléctrica de la Nación. Los límites del área estudiada fueron establecidos teniendo en cuenta el área del valle inferior del Río Agrio que será completamente inundada por el futuro embalse de la represa "El Chihuido I", a emplazarse 5,5 Km aguas abajo de la confluencia de los ríos Agrio y Neuquén. Además de esta área de afectación directa se tomó también una zona de perilago estrechamente vinculada a la anterior. De esta manera los límites este y oeste quedaron establecidos por la confluencia de los ríos antes mencionados y la localidad de Bajada del Agrio, respectivamente.

  3. Memòries del santuari del Mont (final s. XVIII-1953)

    OpenAIRE

    Gifre i Ribas, Pere; Puig Pla, Santi; Tremoleda Trilla, Joaquim

    2011-01-01

    Transcripció del text inèdit de memòries del santuari del Mont. El text va ser escrit, bàsicament, pels preveres custodis i administradors del santuari. Es recull, primerament, els costums litúrgics de la parròquia de Sous, a la manera de les consuetes. A partir de 1791 s’anoten els fets més importants, a parer del custodi administrador, ocorreguts al santuari: obres de reforma i restauració del santuari i les seves dependències, adquisicions de mobiliari i parament de la casa, donacions al s...

  4. Ultrastructure of the silk glands in three adult females of sphecid wasps of the genus Microstigmus (Hymenoptera: Pemphredoninae Ultraestructura de las glándulas de seda en hembras adultas de tres especies de avispas del género Microstigmus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Pemphredoninae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSÉ EDUARDO SERRÃO

    2005-03-01

    electrones de aspecto homogéneo, el que es eliminado hacia el lumen. El citoplasma de la célula está repleto de perfiles del retículo endoplasmático granular, de polirribosomas y de aparatos de Golgi. La membrana plasmática basal presenta muchos repliegues cortos hacia el interior y está revestida por una membrana basal fina. La membrana plasmática apical está invaginada para formar el límite del lumen extracelular, lleva microvellosidades cortas y dispersas. Las células son mononucleadas y el núcleo es de forma variada y contiene cromatina dispersa. El lumen está separado del canal de recepción por una pared replegada semejante a una esponja, con muchas vellosidades, las que en su extremidad están delimitadas por una cutícula fina. En la región basal, las vellosidades carecen de cubierta cuticular. El canal que conduce la secreción adquiere dos densidades de electrones diferentes. Una cutícula fina reviste el lumen del canal que conduce la secreción, siendo escaso el citoplasma de la célula y conteniendo poco retículo endoplasmático granular y polirribosomas. Estos resultados se discuten en relación a la función y al origen de la glándula de seda en los adultos de Sphecidae

  5. Más allá del telar: el mundo del trabajo femenino en la Asturias del siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Suárez Álvarez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available En el Siglo de la Razón proliferaron los tratados dónde, por primera vez en la historia, se ponía de relieve la necesidad de educar de forma conveniente a las mujeres. Sin embargo, a pesar del reconocimiento que los Ilustrados otorgaron al sexo femenino, siguieron relegando a éstas a las paredes del hogar, exhortándoles a quedarse fuera del mundo del trabajo extra-doméstico, reservado sólo para los hombres de la familia. No obstante, la necesidad obligaba, y cuando los recursos u hombres de una casa escaseaban, la mujer tenía que salir a buscarse el sustento. Este es el caso de cientos de mujeres del Principado de Asturias, dónde, a mediados del siglo XVIII, la realidad femenina difería de lo que lo que se consideraba ideal. Este trabajo arrojará pues luz, en un campo hasta ahora desconocido: el del mundo profesional de las mujeres asturianas del Setecientos, dónde comprobaremos cómo en ocasiones llegaban a adquirir, gracias a su status profesional, papeles relevantes dentro de la sociedad.

  6. Examen del fenómeno del turismo contemporáneo y la Competitividad en la Frontera del Conocimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Mario Amaya Molinar

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir del inicio del presente siglo, el estudio de la competitividad turística es un tema que ha llamado la atención tanto de académicos del área como de organizaciones públicas y privadas de diversas categorías, con la expectativa de que su comprensión permita a países y destinos turísticos obtener ventajas en captación de visitantes, ingresos y sostenibilidad de su operación turística, de cara a la intensa contienda internacional por la preferencia del turista. El presente trabajo se deriva de la discusión que tuvo lugar en el Panel Competitividad y Turismo, en el marco de la 5ª Cátedra Patrimonial en Turismo Sergio Molina-Estrategias del Turismo en la Frontera del Conocimiento, organizado por el Departamento de Ciencias Administrativas del Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Administración de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, efectuado en el mes de abril del año 2013. Para este fin, se analizaron un conjunto de trabajos académicos e institucionales, a fin de identificar sus marcos de referencia, definiciones y modelos teóricos, con la perspectiva de obtener una visión panorámica del estado del arte en la materia.

  7. Del desapego al desenganche y de este al fracaso escolar From pupils' detachment to disengagement and then to failure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariano Fernández Enguita

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Las dicotomías como éxito/fracaso, permanencia/abandono etc. pueden tener la ventaja de simplificar algunos problemas o permitir comparaciones espaciales y temporales, pero tienen el inconveniente de desdeñar todos los matices cuando la gama de desempeños, actitudes y respuestas de los alumnos en la institución escolar es, en realidad, enormemente más rica y diversa. Por un lado, crea artificialmente una divisoria de aguas a partir de grandes pero también de pequeñas diferencias, tal vez ocasionales y posiblemente mal entendidas y mal evaluadas. Por otro, oculta el creciente desapego del alumnado frente a la cultura y las demandas de la institución escolar. En todo caso, pone de manifiesto la tendencia de la institución y la profesión a las simplificaciones y a la categorización, por encima de la retórica en torno a la diversificación de la enseñanza y la personalización del aprendizaje.Dichotomies such us success/failure, retention/dropping out etc. may have the virtue of the simplification of some questions, as well as allow spatial and temporal comparisons, but they also present the shortcoming of disdaining details and nuances, as the spectrum of performances, attitudes and responses of pupils in school is, to be true, immensely more rich and diverse. On the one side, it artificially creates a divide where before there were major but maybe minor differences, perhaps simply occasional and probably misunderstood and misestimated. On the other side, it hides the growing detachment of pupils with respect to school culture and demands. In any case, it makes manifest the institution's drift towards simplifications and categorizations, overcoming the rhetoric around teaching diversification and learning personalization.

  8. Fractura triple del complejo suspensorio del hombro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eraclio Delgado Rifá

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available El complejo suspensorio del hombro es una estructura sumamente importante, compuesta por un anillo de huesos y tejidos blandos. Las lesiones aisladas de este complejo anatómico son frecuentes y no afectan su estabilidad. La interrupción doble conduce a la inestabilidad de esta estructura y usualmente requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. La triple interrupción, por su parte, es sumamente rara y es encontrada en casos de trauma de alta energía a menudo en asociación con otras lesiones. Se presenta una triple lesión del complejo suspensorio del hombro en un paciente de 46 años de edad, con una fractura de la glenoides, del acromion tipo III de Kuhn y de la coracoides tipo II de Ogawa. En este caso, la fractura del acromion fue tratada con fijación percutánea con alambres de Kirschner, por tener asociado lesiones de partes blandas que contraindicaron la reducción abierta. La fractura de la glenoides y de la apófisis coracoides fueron tratadas conservadoramente. Después de 6 meses de evolución, el paciente tuvo un resultado funcional aceptable, con una abducción de 90 grados, los 30 grados de rotación externa y 70 de rotación interna, además asintomático y consolidación de todas las fracturas. A pesar de ser catalogada de una lesión grave del cinturón escapular y estar asociada a otras lesiones se obtuvo un resultado satisfactorio al final del tratamiento.

  9. OBJETIVO DEL DESARROLLO DEL MILENIO 7

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita M. Pérez O.

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, también conocidos como los Objetivos del Milenio, constituyeron las metas finales que aprobaron los dirigentes mundiales, 189 jefes de estado y de gobierno en la Cumbre del Milenio de las Naciones Unidas celebrada en Nueva York en el año 2000, en la cual los Estados miembros de la organización reafirmaron su compromiso de luchar por un mundo en el que el desarrollo sostenible y la eliminación de la pobreza tuvieran máxima prioridad1 . En la cumbre se definió la Declaración del Milenio, la cual detalla los objetivos, principios, valores, metas y acciones para erradicar la pobreza Mundial hacia el año 2015, todos ellos ratificados con alto interés y acción estratégica de carácter global, como marco para la medición de los progresos en materia de desarrollo.

  10. Estrategias del Teatro del Oprimido para la formación permanente del profesorado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás Motos-Teruel

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo relata una experiencia y su valoración de formación permanente del profesorado basada en el aprendizaje vivencial utilizando como estrategia metodológica el Teatro del Oprimido (TO para estimular y favorecer la reflexión sobre la práctica educativa. Sus objetivos básicos fueron dar a conocer la formulación teórica y la metodología del TO y hacer la transferencia de las estrategias metodológicas vivenciadas a la práctica docente. El estudio se ha planteado desde una óptica cualitativa con el estudio de caso único. Y como resultados más destacables hay que reseñar el interés y la percepción de la utilidad personal y profesional del TO como instrumento de reflexión sobre la acción y generador de clima positivo. El Teatro del Oprimido es una formulación teórica y un método estético cuya teoría y praxis están inspiradas en la Pedagogía del Oprimido de Paulo Freire, utiliza las técnicas dramáticas como un instrumento eficaz para la comprensión y la búsqueda de alternativas a problemas sociales, interpersonales e individuales.

  11. DelPhi: a comprehensive suite for DelPhi software and associated resources

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Lin

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Accurate modeling of electrostatic potential and corresponding energies becomes increasingly important for understanding properties of biological macromolecules and their complexes. However, this is not an easy task due to the irregular shape of biological entities and the presence of water and mobile ions. Results Here we report a comprehensive suite for the well-known Poisson-Boltzmann solver, DelPhi, enriched with additional features to facilitate DelPhi usage. The suite allows for easy download of both DelPhi executable files and source code along with a makefile for local installations. The users can obtain the DelPhi manual and parameter files required for the corresponding investigation. Non-experienced researchers can download examples containing all necessary data to carry out DelPhi runs on a set of selected examples illustrating various DelPhi features and demonstrating DelPhi’s accuracy against analytical solutions. Conclusions DelPhi suite offers not only the DelPhi executable and sources files, examples and parameter files, but also provides links to third party developed resources either utilizing DelPhi or providing plugins for DelPhi. In addition, the users and developers are offered a forum to share ideas, resolve issues, report bugs and seek help with respect to the DelPhi package. The resource is available free of charge for academic users from URL: http://compbio.clemson.edu/DelPhi.php.

  12. Hacia una conceptualización del legado del traductor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guzmán María Constanza

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se propone investigar el aporte de perspectivas traductológicas para el estudio de la figura del traductor y su legado. Se centra en enfoques teóricos contemporáneos, principalmente aquellos basados en perspectivas postestructuralistas, que consideran el papel del sujeto traductor como un aspecto crucial en la traducción y los estudios literarios, y proponen maneras interesantes de abordarlo. A lo largo del artículo se cuestionan nociones como la idea de un original sacralizado, la relación entre autoría y propiedad, el ideal del significado transparente, y la tensión entre la traducción y la escritura del "original". Se presta especial atención a la importancia de ubicar históricamente la práctica del traductor, reconocer su papel como agente visible, y conceptualizar la traducción como una forma de escritura que se desarrolla en medio de complejas interacciones y negociaciones.

  13. Frafald og engagement

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jørgensen, Christian Helms; Pedersen, Lene Tanggaard; Nielsen, Klaus

    Denne rapport beskriver de første resultater fra den kvalitative del af et forskningsprojekt om frafald og fastholdelse i dansk erhvervsuddannelse finansieret af Det Strategiske Forskningsråd i perioden 2009-2012. Resultaterne bygger på de første elevinterview gennemført i efteråret 2009 og fokus...... fokuserer eksplicit på elevernes oplevelse af eget engagement eller mangel på samme på erhvervsskolernes grundforløb....

  14. Nitrogen Removal in Riparian Areas. PhD thesis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Blicher-Mathiesen, G.

    Formålet med Ph.D.-studiet er at beskrive og måle kvælstoffjernelse i vådområder. En væsentlig del af formålet har været at udvikle en ny metode til måling af kvælstoffjernelse i vådområder. Rapporten indeholder seks engelsksprogede artikler, som er på vej til at blive, eller er publiceret, i int...

  15. Eukaryotic translation initiator protein 1A isoform, CCS-3, enhances the transcriptional repression of p21CIP1 by proto-oncogene FBI-1 (Pokemon/ZBTB7A).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Won-Il; Kim, Youngsoo; Kim, Yuri; Yu, Mi-young; Park, Jungeun; Lee, Choong-Eun; Jeon, Bu-Nam; Koh, Dong-In; Hur, Man-Wook

    2009-01-01

    FBI-1, a member of the POK (POZ and Kruppel) family of transcription factors, plays a role in differentiation, oncogenesis, and adipogenesis. eEF1A is a eukaryotic translation elongation factor involved in several cellular processes including embryogenesis, oncogenic transformation, cell proliferation, and cytoskeletal organization. CCS-3, a potential cervical cancer suppressor, is an isoform of eEF1A. We found that eEF1A forms a complex with FBI-1 by co-immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE, and MALDI-TOF Mass analysis of the immunoprecipitate. GST fusion protein pull-downs showed that FBI-1 directly interacts with eEF1A and CCS-3 via the zinc finger and POZ-domain of FBI-1. FBI-1 co-localizes with either eEF1A or CCS-3 at the nuclear periplasm. CCS-3 enhances transcriptional repression of the p21CIP1 gene (hereafter referred to as p21) by FBI-1. The POZ-domain of FBI-1 interacts with the co-repressors, SMRT and BCoR. We found that CCS-3 also interacts with the co-repressors independently. The molecular interaction between the co-repressors and CCS-3 at the POZ-domain of FBI-1 appears to enhance FBI-1 mediated transcriptional repression. Our data suggest that CCS-3 may be important in cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and oncogenesis by interacting with the proto-oncogene FBI-1 and transcriptional co-repressors. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  16. La equinoterapia en las distintas alteraciones del desarrollo del menor.

    OpenAIRE

    Chamorro González, Mireya

    2015-01-01

    La equinoterapia consiste en la utilización del caballo como un método terapéutico para rehabilitar a personas con discapacidad. Esta terapia es considerada una gran alternativa para aumentar el autoestima de los que sufren algún tipo de discapacidad, también a través de esta terapia se mejora y fortalece el estado emocional, así del mismo modo ayuda a mejorar la manera de desenvolverse en su entorno social. Esta terapia se realiza a través de la trasmisión del calor corporal del caballo, del...

  17. Gestión del talento humano y competencias laborales del personal del hospital Hermilio Valdizán 2016

    OpenAIRE

    Serpa Reyes, Elisa Soledad

    2016-01-01

    La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general, Conocer la relación que existe entre gestión del talento humano y las competencias laborales del personal del hospital Hermilio Valdizán en el año 2016. El tipo de investigación es no experimental, de diseño descriptivo correlacional. La población fue de 709 trabajadores, y la muestra de 217 trabajadores del hospital Hermilio Valdizán, la muestra es probabilística aleatoria simple. Se aplicó el cuestionario de gestión del...

  18. Imágenes de la locura en la Edad Moderna: escarnio y máscara en el discurso del poder = Images of Madness in the Modern Age: Derision and Mask in the Discourse of the Power

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Gil Desco

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available A finales del siglo XV el tema de la locura irrumpió en el relato del poder a través de varios discursos que utilizaron como elementos retóricos de expresión imágenes textuales y visuales muy heterogéneas. Dichos discursos procedían del ámbito médico, jurídico, social y político, y también del crítico reformista y del religioso contrarreformista. El presente trabajo intenta analizar cómo se configuraron estos discursos desde la dialéctica entre la categoría iconográfica que adquirió el loco en dichas imágenes y como se mostró este en la vida real. El trabajo se centra en el análisis de su peculiar indumentaria: el traje de escarnio identificativo del hospital al que estaba adscrito, y los vestidos de máscara del bufón y botarga. Desde tal presupuesto, planteamos una incursión en los mecanismos que convirtieron a la representación visual y textual del loco en un topos con dimensión moralizante sumamente útil como herramienta pedagógica para adoctrinar a las clases populares urbanas iletradas.In the late fifteenth century the theme of folly broke into the narration of power through various narratives that used different textual expressions and visual images as rhetorical elements. These discourses covered a variety of heterogeneous fields, from medical to legal, social and political, as well as to the critical reformer and the religious counter-reformer. This paper analyzes how these images and their speech were configured in the Modern Age in connection with the dialectic among the way in which madness acquired iconographic category and its real life. The paper analyzes this process through the ridicule clothes, which the mad was forced to wear when he was admitted to certain hospitals, and dress maskes, as the jester or the baffoon. This work proposes an exploration into the mechanisms that converted the visual and textual representation of folly in a topos with moralizing dimension, and extremely

  19. Seccional del Lago Lleu Lleu extracto del resumen ejecutivo del estudio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Durán

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available En el siguiente reportaje se presentan los estudios contratados por el MINVU Planes Seccionales del Lago Lleu Lleu y del Lago Pangue; realizados por las oficinas de Manuel Durán y Lira y Peña Asoc. A continuación entrevistamos al Sr. Tito Rojas, ex Director Regional de SERNATUR y actual Gobernador de la Provincia de Arauco, y a Patricio Aguirre, Director de la Carrera de Turismo del DUOC-UC sede Concepción. Mientras que los instrumentos de planificación desarrollan estrategias específicas para potenciar el turismo aprovechando las potencialidades del recurso lacustre; los entrevistados nos dan su opinión en cuanto a diversos aspectos relacionados con el turismo y los lagos de esta zona: el delicado equilibrio entre turismo y protección de los recursos; las potencialidades de las áreas aledañas a los lagos Pangue y Lleu Lleu; el patrimonio paisajístico y cultural de la provincia de Arauco, entre otros, son los aspectos que se exponen en las próximas páginas.

  20. Comportamiento del servicio Diselin en la Gestión del Conocimiento de la Delegación del CITMA, en el. período 2003- octubre del 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matilde Palacios Jiménez

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Se aborda el comportamiento del servicio Diselin durante el período 2003 hasta octubre del 2005, en la Gestión del Conocimiento de la Delegación del CITMA, a partir de los contenidos cuantitativos y cualitativos generados en la base de datos Diselin, correspondientes a la estadística general del servicio, relacionada con los indicadores de desempeño bibliotecario: suministro de documentos y satisfacción del cliente a través del talón de retroacoplamiento, como indicadores de desempeño bibliotecario que permiten hacer una valoración más exhaustiva de la evolución de este servicio tradicional con modalidad electrónica que es lo novedoso, aprovechando las tecnologías de información instaladas. Se presentan tablas y gráficos que demuestran la gestión y el impacto del servicio desde el punto de vista organizacional.

  1. Sobre el significado del descubrimiento del gen FOXP2

    OpenAIRE

    Longa Martínez, Víctor Manuel

    2006-01-01

    El reciente descubrimiento del gen FOXP2 ha ofrecido la primera evidencia clara de la base genética del lenguaje, mostrando una correlación inequívoca desde la perspectiva genética entre una versión mutada de F0XP2 y los trastornos lingüísticos de diferente tipo sufridos por una familia inglesa, conocida como KE. El objetivo central del presente trabajo es discutir diferentes aspectos relacionados con tal descubrimiento; especialmente, la discusión del significado de FOXP2 con ...

  2. Entrenamiento funcional del core: eje del entrenamiento inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Dario Pinzón Ríos

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes: La evolución del entrenamiento físico busca la optimización de la salud y el bienestar, como piedra angular de todo programa de ejercicio. El Entrenamiento Funcional (EF es recomendable para optimizar el control postural del core, mejorando el balance y la ejecución de actividades de la vida diaria.  Objetivo: Revisar la definición, elementos constitutivos, características e implicaciones del EF del core en el movimiento corporal humano (MCH y la salud desde la perspectiva del fisioterapeuta. Metodología: Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español de las bases Pubmed, Scielo y Ebsco; adicionalmente se incluyeron fuentes electrónicas e impresas y libros. Resultados: 56 documentos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La definición más adoptada de EF fue entrenar con un propósito buscando obtener un efecto positivo en la aptitud física. Las implicaciones del EF en el MCH, se relacionan con la ganancia y mejoría de la estabilidad. La propuesta de EF enfocada a las actividades de la vida diaria incluye fases que permiten adquirir la estabilidad hasta lograr el desarrollo de movimiento que demanden más agilidad. En la planificación del EF se deben estructurar los procesos a ejecutar considerando el criterio de funcionalidad. Para organizar la sesión del EF, el fisioterapeuta cuenta con tres maneras de planificar la sesión: globales, por hemisferios y por grupos musculares. Conclusión: La fundamentación teórica sobre el EF permite al fisioterapeuta comprender y determinar cómo esta modalidad de intervención repercute de manera positiva sobre el desempeño funcional y calidad de vida de los sujetos.

  3. Desarrollo de la Habilidad de Administración del Tiempo en directivas del primer nivel del MITRANS.

    OpenAIRE

    García Remus, Mayelín

    2009-01-01

    Valoración de cómo administran el tiempo las mujeres directivas del sector del transporte en Ciudad de La Habana. Establece las competencias individuales que pueden influir en el desarrollo de la habilidad de administración del tiempo.

  4. LAS NEURONAS DEL SEPTUM LATERAL MODIFICAN LA ACTIVIDAD DE LAS NEURONAS DEL NUCLEO TUBEROMAMILAR DEL HIPOTALAMO

    OpenAIRE

    FARIAS RODRIGUEZ, PAULA ANDREA; FARIAS RODRIGUEZ, PAULA ANDREA

    2012-01-01

    El septum lateral (SL), es un núcleo del cerebro anterior, que, procesa la información sensorial afectiva procedente del hipocampo y dirige sus respuestas, importantes para la supervivencia, hacia las zonas del hipotálamo importantes para la motivación, como lo es el núcleo tuberomamilar del hipotálamo (TMN). El TMN contiene las neuronas histaminérgicas en el cerebro, la cual relacionamos con la vigilia y alerta en conductas motivadas y así puede dirigir y reforzar el comportamiento. El TM...

  5. Juan de Dios Luque, Antonio Pamies & Francisco José Manjón (2000, Dicciona­rio del insulto. Barcelona: Ed. Península.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wenceslao Carlos Lozano

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Ya van siendo numerosos los trabajos que han publicado juntos estos tres lingüistas y profesores de la Universidad de Granada, sobre todo de carácter fraseológico, y tanto desde sus aspectos teóricos en libros y artículos, como en el orden práctico, con la edición impresa y en Cd rom de léxicos, glosarios y diccionarios. De esa colaboración salió en 1997 El arte del insulto (Ed. Península, una obra que, pese a parecer presentada en clave de humor, analiza en profundidad los mecanismos léxicos, retóricos y psicológicos del insulto, sobre la base de un corpus propio de varios miles de unidades en varias lenguas. El éxito de la empresa animó a los autores a complementar el trabajo teórico con un Diccionario que reúne más de cuatro mil entradas, con definiciones y, en casi todos los casos, etimologías y ejemplos de usos reales, extraídos tanto de la prensa como de textos literarios españoles de varios miles de unidades españolas de diversas épocas, donde abunda y se manifiesta briosamente el denuesto; pero también de la oralidad cotidiana, en la que, como es sabido, el español de a pie se prodiga sin recato en aquello de maldecir al prójimo y a su parentela. Por lo demás, se añaden interesantes explicaciones sobre los procedimientos tropológicos y numerosas variantes.

  6. Caracterización del mercado laboral del sector hotelero del estado Mérida, Venezuela

    OpenAIRE

    Villasmil R., María A.; Andrade, Henry

    2009-01-01

    Esta investigación trata sobre modelos que permiten caracterizar Mercados Laborales Locales (MLL), ya que en Venezuela el manejo de los mismos es casi inexistente. En este sentido, se plantea como objetivo caracterizar al mercado laboral del sector hotelero del estado Mérida-Venezuela en función del conocimiento de las particularidades económicas, institucionales, políticas, sociales, educativas y culturales de la zona así como las condiciones que se tengan en materia de empleo, oferta de for...

  7. CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE EL ESTADO DEL ARTE DEL DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Néstor Juan Sanabria

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo ofrece una síntesis del estado del arte sobre los temas del desarrollo y es parte integrante de la investigación sobre los pymes y el desarrollo económico. Desde los enfoques clásicos hasta los modelos contemporáneos se ha debatido ampliamente la relación entre crecimiento y desarrollo económico. Para muchos autores el desarrollo está vinculado a los problemas de distribución. Para otros el desarrollo es sinónimo de disminución y eliminación de la pobreza o se resuelve a través de aumentar la producción. Otros enfoques se centran en la importancia de minimizar los costos de transacción o en la generación de una mejor calidad de vida. Ahora bien, las teorías del desarrollo predominantes hasta la década de los ochenta, asumen que el proceso del desarrollo no es más que la ruta de homogenización de los mercados duales. Para otros autores el problema se explica por la diferencia de tecnologías, capital social, capital intelectual y humano. Esta síntesis revisa entre otros enfoques los modelos con los que se ha intentado explicar la peculiaridad del desarrollo en los países del tercer mundo, en las economías en proceso de industrialización y la complejidad del caso particular del desarrollo en Latinoamérica y su modelo de sustitución de importaciones.

  8. Los métodos de fijación del salario en el Uruguay y los particularismos del Derecho del Trabajo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Rodríguez Azcúe

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El salario y la jornada de trabajo han sido en nuestro país, seguramente, los dos temas que forjaron el nacimiento del Derecho del trabajo1. Dentro del primero, el método de fijación del salario predominante, generalmente, refleja algo mucho más amplio que la política salarial de un gobierno. En realidad pone de manifiesto un eje central de la política laboral, o, más aún, una determinada forma de abordar la cuestión social.Por ese motivo nos proponemos analizar el tema a partir de su evolución histórica y de algunos de los particularismos que, en la concepción de Barbagelata, posee el Derecho del trabajo: la subyacencia del conflicto en las relaciones laborales y la significación del tiempo social.En esa perspectiva se confirma, según enseña Ermida Uriarte, el indudable papel protagónico que han desempeñado los Consejos de Salarios en el Derecho del trabajo y el sistema laboral uruguayo.Presentación. Referencia a los particularismos del Derecho del Trabajo. Los métodos teóricos de fijación del salario. Evolución histórica de los métodos a la luz de los particularismos. Algunas reflexiones finales

  9. Retórica y divulgación científica. Una propuesta para la web de empresas biotecnológicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Luisa García Hernández

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available La retórica como teoría de la argumentación y de la persuasión se relaciona con un modo específico de enfocar la divulgación científica, que ya no se concibe como mera alfabetización, sino como un diálogo. Tal cambio implica la participación activa de la sociedad en la toma de decisiones sobre la orientación de la ciencia. Con ese marco, entendemos que empresas como las biotecnológicas, cuya actividad despierta entre la ciudadanía filias y fobias que pueden marcar su devenir, deben tomar un papel activo en esas conversaciones. Sobre ese planteamiento hemos seleccionado una muestra constituida por pymes biotecnológicas asentadas en cuatro parques tecnológicos de Andalucía. Hemos analizado los textos de las páginas de inicio de 29 pymes; porque entendemos que esos relatos, propios y no intermediados, nos permiten conocer si consideran a la ciudadanía como auditorio de interés al que dirigirse, primer paso para hacer de la divulgación el eje de su comunicación corporativa. La respuesta es negativa.

  10. Ensayo del lisado de amebocitos del Limulus (LAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rolando Perdomo Morales

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años, los principales organismos reguladores de productos farmacéuticos (Farmacopeas exigen cada vez más en sus monografías la aplicación del método del lisado de amebocitos de Limulus (LAL para la liberación de pirógenos en productos terminados parenterales. El análisis de pirógenos constituye uno de los principales ensayos en el control de calidad de la fabricación de inyectables por su repercusión en la salud humana, puesto que la presencia y administración de los mismos, es capaz de provocar una serie de respuestas fisiológicas, en su mayoría de carácter perjudicial y en casos extremos, la muerte del paciente. Por las razones anteriores, existe un creciente interés en el conocimiento y dominio de estos métodos. El presente trabajo muestra una revisión bibliográfica del método del LAL, se tratan aspectos como su descubrimiento y estandarización, aparición en la industria farmacéutica y razones para su triunfo, y los basamentos de los principales métodos o variaciones comerciales del LAL (gelificación, turbidimétricos y cromogénicos que se describen en las Farmacopeas.

  11. Ensayo del lisado de amebocitos del Limulus (LAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rolando Perdomo Morales

    Full Text Available En los últimos años, los principales organismos reguladores de productos farmacéuticos (Farmacopeas exigen cada vez más en sus monografías la aplicación del método del lisado de amebocitos de Limulus (LAL para la liberación de pirógenos en productos terminados parenterales. El análisis de pirógenos constituye uno de los principales ensayos en el control de calidad de la fabricación de inyectables por su repercusión en la salud humana, puesto que la presencia y administración de los mismos, es capaz de provocar una serie de respuestas fisiológicas, en su mayoría de carácter perjudicial y en casos extremos, la muerte del paciente. Por las razones anteriores, existe un creciente interés en el conocimiento y dominio de estos métodos. El presente trabajo muestra una revisión bibliográfica del método del LAL, se tratan aspectos como su descubrimiento y estandarización, aparición en la industria farmacéutica y razones para su triunfo, y los basamentos de los principales métodos o variaciones comerciales del LAL (gelificación, turbidimétricos y cromogénicos que se describen en las Farmacopeas.

  12. Indicadores de desempeño del sistema de riego del Rio Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Prieto, D.; Angella, G.; Angueira, M.C.; Pérez Carrera, A.; Moscuzza, C.

    2005-01-01

    Mucha atención se ha puesto en el estudio del desempeño de los sistemas de riego a partir de la década de 1990, al tomarse conciencia de los bajos resultados de muchos de ellos, y su impacto ambiental negativo. El Sistema de Riego del Río Dulce en Santiago del Estero (PRD), no es la excepción,

  13. La motivación del veredicto en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo

    OpenAIRE

    Vegas Torres, Jaime

    2006-01-01

    1. Introducción. 2. Alcance de la exigencia de motivación del veredicto. 2.1. Extensión de la motivación. 2.1.1. Hechos no controvertidos. 2.1.2. Hechos que el jurado encuentra no probados. 2.2. Profundidad de la motivación. 2.2.1. Admisibilidad de la explicación conjunta de todas las respuestas del jurado a las cuestiones del objeto del veredicto. 2.2.2. Contenido de la motivación. 3. Motivación del veredicto y prueba por indicios. 3.1. Motivación del veredicto basado en prueba de indicios. ...

  14. Del Charco del Agua Amarga (Alcañiz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás MAIGI

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available En agosto de 1947, habiendo llegado a la excelentísima Diputación Provincial de Teruel rumores de recientes deterioros en el friso pintado del abrigo rupestre del "Charco del Agua Amarga", nos fué requerida oficialmente, por dicha Corporación, la presentación de un informe sobre la realidad de los hechos expuestos, así como el planeamiento de las medidas adecuadas para salvaguardar en forma eficaz, en el futuro, las referidas pinturas.

  15. Concentraciones del activador tisular del plasminógeno y del inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno en pacientes con homocistinuria clásica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Meneses

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available El aumento moderado o severo de Homocisteína (Hcy en sangre y las alteraciones en el sistema fibrinolítico, se asocian con enfermedad vascular que afecta venas y arterias de todos los calibres. Los pacientes con homocistinuria clásica padecen con mucha frecuencia eventos tromboembólicos, que son su principal causa de mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las concentraciones de Hcy, Inhibidor del Activador del Plasminógeno tipo 1 (PAI-1 y Activador tisular del Plasminógeno (tPA en pacientes con homocistinuria clásica, en familiares de éstos y en población control sana.

  16. Gestión del riesgo del cambio (primera parte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pablo Zorrilla

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available A partir de la desaparición del sistema Bretton-Woods, y la libre flotación del tipo de cambio, el mundo se volvió más susceptible a todo tipo de riesgos. El presente artículo pretende explicar a los gestores financieros o empresarios interesados en el tema de instrumentos financieros derivados, a conocer lo más relevante y necesario acerca del uso de futuros sobre el tipo de cambio, instrumento útil para cubrir riesgos derivados del tipo de cambio para las empresas que se dedican a importar, exportar o para protegerse de un crédito otorgado en moneda extranjera.

  17. Proto-oncogene FBI-1 (Pokemon/ZBTB7A) Represses Transcription of the Tumor Suppressor Rb Gene via Binding Competition with Sp1 and Recruitment of Co-repressors*S⃞

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jeon, Bu-Nam; Yoo, Jung-Yoon; Choi, Won-Il; Lee, Choong-Eun; Yoon, Ho-Geun; Hur, Man-Wook

    2008-01-01

    FBI-1 (also called Pokemon/ZBTB7A) is a BTB/POZ-domain Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor. Recently, FBI-1 was characterized as a proto-oncogenic protein, which represses tumor suppressor ARF gene transcription. The expression of FBI-1 is increased in many cancer tissues. We found that FBI-1 potently represses transcription of the Rb gene, a tumor suppressor gene important in cell cycle arrest. FBI-1 binds to four GC-rich promoter elements (FREs) located at bp –308 to –188 of the Rb promoter region. The Rb promoter also contains two Sp1 binding sites: GC-box 1 (bp –65 to –56) and GC-box 2 (bp –18 to –9), the latter of which is also bound by FBI-1. We found that FRE3 (bp –244 to –236) is also a Sp1 binding element. FBI-1 represses transcription of the Rb gene not only by binding to the FREs, but also by competing with Sp1 at the GC-box 2 and the FRE3. By binding to the FREs and/or the GC-box, FBI-1 represses transcription of the Rb gene through its POZ-domain, which recruits a co-repressor-histone deacetylase complex and deacetylates histones H3 and H4 at the Rb gene promoter. FBI-1 inhibits C2C12 myoblast cell differentiation by repressing Rb gene expression. PMID:18801742

  18. Modèle conceptuel commun pour la supervision des systèmes de sûreté du CERN

    CERN Document Server

    Hammouti, L

    2000-01-01

    La supervision des systèmes de sûreté des accélérateurs et des zones expérimentales du CERN est gérée spécifiquement d'une machine à l'autre. Chaque programme a été conçu et réalisé au moyen de la technologie de l'époque et sans suivre un modèle conceptuel commun. La situation actuelle risque de poser des problèmes importants pour l'avenir. En effet la disparité des systèmes de supervision et la nécessité de les faire évoluer ou de les renouveler alourdissent sensiblement la charge de travail ainsi que le coût de la maintenance. D'autre part, il est difficile, voire impossible, de les faire communiquer entre eux, or cela constitue une des requêtes principales de l'opération pour une meilleure coordination de l'exploitation. Le but de ce document consiste à présenter les bases d'un modèle conceptuel unique, en cours d'élaboration dans le cadre du LHC, afin de répondre aux problèmes et aux requêtes posés. Ce modèle servira de référence pour le renouvellement et l'évolution ...

  19. Calculo del valor en riesgo del futuro de energia e internacionalizacion del sector energetico en Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Esquivel Fonseca, Leidy Gioanna

    2013-01-01

    El presente trabajo de grado busca definir cuál es el mejor método para determinar el valor en riesgo del contrato de futuro de energía eléctrica que se transa en Colombia, para cumplir con este objetivo se toma como referencia el marco histórico del VaR y de los futuros seguido de las características de la fijación de precios, la estructura del contrato, que políticas y métodos hay para cubrirse del riesgo y como se realiza en otros países, realizando algunos cálculos de los modelos más trad...

  20. Verificación de los pronosticos del modelo BRAMS centrado en la region subtropical de Sudamerica BRAMS forecast verification over a region of subtropical Southamerica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanina García Skabar

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una verificación de los pronósticos generados en el Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos de la Universidad de Buenos Aires con el modelo Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System(BRAMS. Utilizando dicho modelo, desde 2006, se realizan dos pronósticos al día por un plazo de 72 horas en dos retículas anidadas con una resolución horizontal de 80 y 20km. La retícula de mayor resolución abarca Paraguay, Uruguay, Sur de Brasil y Bolivia y el centro y norte de Argentina y Chile. En este trabajo se realiza la verificación sobre el dominio de mayor resolución para el período desde abril de 2006 a diciembre de 2008. El interés se centra en verificar los pronósticos de precipitación, y de los perfiles verticales de temperatura, humedad y viento en las localidades donde se dispone de datos de radiosondeos. La verificación de los pronósticos de precipitación se realiza mediante estadísticos calculados frente a las observaciones convencionales disponibles y frente a estimaciones de precipitación CMORPH. Los resultados son similares a los obtenidos en la región con modelos de aproximadamente la misma resolución. Además se identifican las deficiencias principales de los pronósticos lo que permitirá realizar ajustes en la configuración del mismo para mejorar su desempeño.The aim of this work is to verify the forecasts generated in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Ocean, University of Buenos Aires with the Brazilian model Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS. Since year 2006, every day two different forecasts that extend for 72 hours have been performed using two nested grids with an horizontal resolution of 80 and 20 km. The higher resolution domain covers Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Brazil and Bolivia and the central and northern part of Argentina and Chile. This paper presents the results of the verification of the model in the higher resolution