WorldWideScience

Sample records for del playa drive

  1. Sostenibilidad sociocultural del turismo: propuestas para el cantón Playas. Provincia del Guayas, Ecuador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Lázaro Quintero Santos

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo forma parte de la investigación “Propuesta de un Modelo de Desarrollo Turístico Sostenible para el cantón Playas, provincia del Guayas, Ecuador”. En este caso solo se hace referencia a la propuesta de un modelo de sostenibilidad sociocultural de los impactos del turismo. La investigación se realiza en el cantón Playas debido a la importancia estratégica que tiene el desarrollo del turismo para este territorio gracias a su efecto multiplicador en el resto de las actividades económicas. La metodología de la investigación ha incluido un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo del territorio, así como, entrevistas y encuestas a los actores locales. Para lograr el objetivo de esta investigación se ha realizado un análisis social y cultural considerando los recursos patrimoniales y socioculturales de la zona. El estudio comprende programas y proyectos que permiten formular una propuesta de turismo sostenible que sea inclusiva y respetuosa con las comunidades y sus culturas.

  2. Gestión del uso y explotación de las playas

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    Víctor Yepes Piqueras

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La adopción voluntaria de sistemas de gestión de la calidad y del medio ambiente en las playas turísticas supone un cambio sustancial en el enfoque de la ordenación de los usos y la explotación de estos espacios litorales por parte de algunos municipios. Tras examinar las debilidades de la gestión habitual de las playas, se recogen y consideran las distintas normas y sistemas de gestión aplicables. Este nuevo enfoque es necesario para mantener los beneficios económicos y sociales a largo plazo que proporciona el turismo litoral. Un análisis de la evolución de los certificados de gestión en las playas de la Comunidad Valenciana permite comprobar la aplicabilidad de estos sistemas y la compatibilidad entre ellos. La gestión racional en el uso de las playas, apoyada en estos nuevos instrumentos, deberá satisfacer a todas las partes interesadas: los turistas, la población local, el medio ambiente y las generaciones futuras.

  3. Mapas de inundación por tsunamis en Playas del Coco y Puntarenas, Costa Rica

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    Zamora Sauma, Natalia

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available La presente investigación presenta algunos de los resultados obtenidos por el proyecto "Mapa de inundación por tsunamis para Costa Rica, primera fase, Puntarenas y Playas del Coco". Muestra los resultados obtenidos con respecto a simulaciones realizadas. Explica información del ambiente tectónico de la zona. Finalmente, expone algunas de las acciones de reducción del riesgo de inundación por tsunami y mitigación This investigation includes some of the results obtained in the project "Flood Map by Tsunamis in Costa Rica, First Stage: Puntarenas and Playas del Coco." It shows the results obtained as a result of simulations. It explains information about the tectonic environment of the zone. Finally, it exposes some of actions to reduce tsunami flood risk and mitigation

  4. ESTRATEGIAS PARA EL REPOBLAMIENTO DE PLAYAS. EL CASO DE MAR DEL SUD (ARGENTINA

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    Noelia Aymara Padilla

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available La investigación presenta estrategias para repoblar una playa, con la inclusión de distintas obras de defensa costera. A partir de ello analiza el caso específico de la localidad de Mar del Sud, donde sus playas evidencian la presencia de grandes afloramientos rocosos producto de la pérdida vertical de arena principalmente por la actividad minera. En base al conocimiento de sus condiciones físico-naturales y de los procesos históricos urbano-turísticos que influyeron en la reducción de sedimentos se prepone analizar qué estrategia pueden aplicarse en la localidad con el fin de reducir y/o mitigar la problemática que ponen en riesgo la sustentabilidad del destino. Basó su desarrollo en los métodos: cualitativo, geo-histórico y comprensivo-explicativo, obteniendo como resultados principales las estrategias de repoblamiento que pueden aplicarse al área de estudio.

  5. Aportes del turismo según los habitantes de las comunidades de Playas del Coco, Guanacaste y el Roble, Puntarenas

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    Jorge Bartels Villanueva

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se basa en los artículos titulados “Impacto del Turismo, el caso de: El Roble 2 de Puntarenas” y “Allá en Playas del Coco; donde el turismo no fue amor de temporada”, que se obtuvieron a partir de la investigación realizada por el equipo del proyecto Desarrollo de la investigación INTERSEDES, mediante el estudio y el fortalecimiento del turismo sostenible en las provincias de Limón, Puntarenas y Guanacaste” desarrollado, durante el año 2009 y 2010, en las comunidades de Playas del Coco y el Roble 2 de Puntarenas. El objetivo de la investigación era determinar el impacto del turismo sobre estas comunidades y más específicamente se quería caracterizar a los hogares, conocer la composición de la población económicamente activa, conocer la fuente de los ingresos individuales y familiares y las opiniones que esa población tiene sobre el turismo, la cultura local y el papel de las instituciones locales en el desarrollo de esas comunidades. En nuestro caso queremos comparar esas mismas variables en dos focos de turismo nacional, con características diferentes, para determinar como ven esas comunidades al turismo como actividad de desarrollo local.

  6. Playas artificiales de Antofagasta. Un Proyecto Bicentenario

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    Gino Pérez Lancellotti

    2007-05-01

    El litoral, por su naturaleza rocosa carece de playas naturales por lo que a partir del año 2000 las autoridades a cargo del desarrollo urbano, asumieron la tarea de dotar a la ciudad de tres grandes playas artificiales. Para lograr su propósito se construyeron defensas costeras, se hicieron desrocados y se rellenó algunos sectores con arena de empréstito, con interesantes logros ambientales.

  7. sol y playa: el caso de Tenerife

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    Ricardo J. Díaz Armas

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El turismo del vino tiene una concepción distinta en un destino masivo de sol y playa. En este caso el enoturismo convive con ese modelo turístico y es un producto complementario que favorece la diversificación en la oferta actual. El turismo del vino puede complementar la ya existente oferta turística, con lo que las regiones, turísticas y a la vez viníferas, podrían apoyarse en las experiencias y conocimiento del vino por parte del visitante y utilizarlas como hecho diferencial competitivo frente a otros destinos de sol y playa que no poseen esta particularidad. Con ello además se favorecerá el lanzamiento del producto turístico del vino, pues la demanda latente ya esta en las zonas turísticas que rodean el área vinícola. En este sentido, una vez que se descubren las motivaciones para acudir al destino Tenerife, se localiza un mercado sensible a la ruta del vino Tacoronte-Acentejo en el asentamiento turístico del Puerto de la Cruz (una de las principales zonas turísticas de Tenerife. Así, tras conocer los beneficios buscados por el visitante del Puerto de la Cruz, se ha contrastado la existencia de dos segmentos latentes que pueden ser atraídos hacia la oferta actual de la ruta del vino en Tacoronte-Acentejo, al verificar que persiguen, además del clima y el sol y playa (principales motivaciones para viajar al destino Tenerife, otros beneficios que son susceptibles de ser ofertados por la ruta del vino.

  8. METODOLOGÍA DE CÁLCULO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE CARGA TURÍSTICA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SU APLICACIÓN EN CINCO PLAYAS DEL CARIBE NORTE COLOMBIANO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    BOTERO SALTARÉN CAMILO

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una metodología para medir la capacidad de carga en playas turísticas, más allá del solo componente ambiental. Además, concibe la playa como un sistema complejo en movimiento hacia su desarrollo sostenible. Se seleccionaron y clasificaron cinco playas del Caribe Norte Colombiano, a través de cuatro sub- usos turísticos: intensivo, de conservación, compartido y étnico. Con revisiones normativas, trabajo de campo y diseño de indicadores, se analizaron el soporte ambiental, el equipamiento urbano y los servicios conexos de las playas. Como resultado se estableció un nuevo modelo para medir la capacidad de carga en playas turísticas y se aplicó en las playas de estudio. También se presentan las condiciones actuales de las playas de estudio, su capacidad de carga turística actual y algunas acciones de manejo en cada componente. La principal conclusión se dirige a integrar las condiciones naturales como factor central de la gestión de playas, pero desde un enfoque holístico en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Finalmente, se pone en alerta frente a las condiciones de las playas colombianas y las medidas a tomar en el corto y mediano plazo. Este documento es el resultado del proyecto “Determinación de un sistema de calificación y certificación de playas turísticas”.

  9. LESIONES PULPARES Y PERIAPICALES EN ESCOLARES DEL AREA DE ATENCION DEL POLICLINICO DOCENTE DE PLAYA. CIUDAD DE LA HABANA

    OpenAIRE

    Betancourt Núñez, Marisette; Fernández González, María del Carmen; Valcarcel Llerandi, Julio

    2009-01-01

    La presente investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la incidencia de las lesiones pulpares y periapicales y sus causas en escolares de la enseñanza primaria del área del Policlínico Docente de Playa. La referida investigación es de tipo observacional descriptiva. La población estudiada fue de 1 137 alumnos entre 4 y 12 años de edad, a la cual se le realizó un examen bucal para determinar la presencia de patologías pulpares y periapicales, y su relación con algunas variables clínicas. Result...

  10. Macroinfauna en playas arenosas de la costa del Norte Grande de Chile sometidas a diferentes presiones antrópicas

    OpenAIRE

    Acuña, Emilio O; Jaramillo, Eduardo

    2015-01-01

    Las playas arenosas urbanas son afectadas por limpieza artificial y recreación, lo que resulta en perturbación de los sedimentos y la macroinfauna. Durante octubre 2012, se muestrearon 3 playas urbanas y 4 no urbanas a lo largo de la costa del norte de Chile (ca., 20-21°S), para evaluar la estructura comunitaria de la macroinfauna intermareal. Se replicaron 4 transectos perpendiculares a la línea de costa extendidos entre el intermareal superior y el nivel de la marea baja, para recolectar mu...

  11. Las playas de Quintana Roo: sus riesgos y vulnerabilidad.

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    Daniel Torruco Gómez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Las playas son sistemas donde se ejercen presiones antrópicas y ambientales, en este estudio se analizaron sus condiciones bioeconómicas con la finalidad de obtener un modelo que permita determinar el grado de vulnerabilidad y la matriz de riesgo en las playas del Estado de Quintana Roo para un mejor uso sustentable. Se formularon matrices con registros biológicos y socioeconómicos obtenidos entre el 2009 y 2010 en temporadas de alto registro turístico, obteniendo 17 variables en 20 playas analizadas. La evaluación se efectuó con el modelo semiparamétrico del tipo KSIM con dos escenarios: uno sin control/restricción en el desarrollo costero y otro con las mismas características pero con decremento en demanda turística por baja calidad ambiental. Los resultados mostraron un marcado descenso en playas arenosas y costas rocosas. En el modelo se hace referencia a la importancia de los procesos de las playas y su interrelación con los factores biológicos, sociales y económicos más importantes, proporcionando una visión integral de todas las variables. Se recomienda incrementar el modelo dándole mayor envergadura, integrando a las instituciones que influyen en el control de las acciones en estas playas, lo que dará un mejor referente y monitoreo a corto, mediano y largo plazo.

  12. La ocupación del desierto de la playa Asia, Lima, Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Dam, Paulo

    2004-01-01

    La sensación de inseguridad generada en ciudades como Lima (responsabilidad compartida entre experiencia directa y medios de comunicación) tiene entre sus efectos la proliferación de urbanizaciones cerradas, que de diferentes maneras reproducen el ambiente protegido que tanta nostalgia inspira. Las playas de Asia, en la costa del desierto limeño, sirven de locación para las propuestas más radicales de la arquitectura contemporánea peruana, en asentamientos donde el control parece la palabra d...

  13. Presencia de microplásticos en cuatro playas arenosas de Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Purca, Sara; Henostroza, Aida

    2017-01-01

    Se presenta el número y peso por metro cuadrado de fragmentos de microplásticos presentes en cuatro playas arenosas de la costa peruana. Las muestras fueron colectadas entre junio de 2014 y mayo 2015. Fragmentos de plástico duro mayores a 1 mm fueron encontrados en más del 80% de las muestras de las cuatro playas. La playa Costa Azul (~ 12°S) presentó 522 fragmentos por metro cuadrado (items/m2) de microplásticos, de los cuales, 463.33 items/m2 y 2.6 g/m2 fueron plásticos duros. La playa Albú...

  14. Las comunidades meiobentónicas en playas arenosas expuestas de la costa gallega (NO España), seis meses después del vertido de fuel del Prestige: importancia de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs)

    OpenAIRE

    Veiga, Puri; Besteiro, Celia; Rubal, Marcos

    2010-01-01

    Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en playas arenosas gallegas, seis meses después del vertido de fuel producido por el Prestige, utilizando el meiobentos a nivel de los grandes grupos zoológicos. Para llevar a cabo esta evaluación la comunidad meiobentónica, variables ambientales y el contenido en HAPs del sedimento fueron estudiados en seis playas intermareales afectadas y comparados con tres localidades de referencia. Tamb...

  15. Repercusión psicosocial del huracán Wilma en la comunidad del consejo popular Miramar, del municipio Playa Psychosocial repercussion caused by Wilma hurricane in the community of Miramar Popular Council of Playa municipality

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    Isis Yvonne Sánchez Gil

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo, auxiliándonos de diversas técnicas cuanticualitativas (cuestionario y grupos focales con el propósito de describir las afectaciones más frecuentes sufridas por los vecinos del Consejo Popular Miramar, del municipio Playa, víctimas de la penetración del mar que provocó el huracán Wilma en esta localidad costera, e identificar las fortalezas y debilidades que exhibe esta comunidad para enfrentar las nefastas consecuencias derivadas de eventos de tal naturaleza. Predominaron las afectaciones de orden material, seguidas de los daños a la salud mental, entre los que se destacan: las crisis nerviosas o de ansiedad, el estado de ánimo abatido y los trastornos del sueño. Las fortalezas identificadas fueron la voluntad política del Estado y del Gobierno de la localidad, quienes garantizaron una eficaz estructura organizativa para el enfrentamiento de estas situaciones, la existencia de un mapa de riesgo en el municipio en el que se destacan las zonas más sensibles, la efectividad de los medios masivos de comunicación en la difusión de los partes meteorológicos seguidos por todo nuestro pueblo, y entre las amenazas más notorias, el mal estado de los desagües y de viviendas, así como la pobre percepción de riesgo de la población y la insuficiente preparación de vecinos y líderes comunitarios informales.Authors made a retrospective, observational and descriptive study using different quantitative and qualitative techniques (questionnaire and focal groups to describe the more frequent affectations suffered by neighbors of Miramar Popular Council of Playa municipality, victims of sea penetration caused by Vilma hurricane in this coastal locality, and to identify the strengths and weakness exhibiting this community to confront the awful consequences derived from events like this. There was a predominance of affectation of material order, followed by damages to mental

  16. Efectividad del monitoreo de la anidación de tortugas marinas para determinar el éxito reproductivo en playas del sur de Cuba

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    Julia Azanza-Ricardo

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available El monitoreo de las anidaciones es muy útil como herramienta para la conservación pero el esfuerzo de trabajo en diferentes áreas puede variar grandemente. En Cuba, se aplican cuatro enfoques diferentes: monitoreo sistemático nocturno y diurno (MSN, y monitoreo esporádico con o sin comprobación de nidos (MECC. La cantidad y exactitud de los datos tomados y la calidad de la información derivada de ellos difieren. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se evalúa la efectividad de cada enfoque para determinar el éxito reproductivo de tortugas marinas en Cuba. El MSN sólo se realiza en las playas de anidación de la Península de Guanahacabibes, mientras que el MECC es el más extendido en el país. La porción de la temporada de anidación de cada una de las tres especies que anidan en Cuba (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta y Eretmochelys imbricata que se cubre con personal de monitoreo es baja para la mayoría de las playas, y sobre todo en el caso de E. imbricata. Se detectaron diferencias entre el monitoreo sistemático y esporádico, por tanto, la capacidad de detectar rastros falsos y verdaderos depende esencialmente de la frecuencia de monitoreo. Esto afecta la capacidad para evaluar el éxito de la anidación por playas. A pesar del incremento en los esfuerzos realizados en Cuba para el seguimiento de las principales colonias de anidación, se deben identificar nuevas estrategias para garantizar la correcta toma de información, y una mayor eficiencia del programa de monitoreo para obtener la mayor información posible de cada una de las especies con un adecuado balance de costo-beneficio.

  17. Estudio del rendimiento académico en atletas adolescentes del Club de Atletismo Playas de Castellón

    OpenAIRE

    Capdevila Seder, Ana; Bellmunt Villalonga, Hector; Hernando Domingo, Carlos

    2014-01-01

    El estudio analizó la posible relación entre el rendimiento académico de jóvenes atletas y algunas de las variables más utilizadas en este campo. La muestra estaba compuesta por 40 atletas del Club de Atletismo Playas de Castellón, con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 16 años, 22 hombres y 18 mujeres. Las principales variables analizadas fueron el rendimiento académico, los hábitos de estudio, el género, las horas de sueño, el ocio sedentario, el nivel socioeconómico y la dedicación al deporte....

  18. Eva en el Paraíso: La construcción y representación del cuerpo femenino en la playa como espacio turístico en Costa Rica

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    Esteban Barboza Núñez

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available El artículo analiza la representación del cuerpo femenino como destino turístico, en la promoción de las playas en Costa Rica. Se hace un esbozo del estatus de la figura femenina en el imaginario androcéntrico occidental, desde sus raíces judeocristianas y de pensamiento clásico, hasta el advenimiento de la modernidad. Se reseñan postulados acerca del estatus del cuerpo femenino y la forma en que se construye en las representaciones gráficas; se parte de que la manera en que el cuerpo femenino es representado en la publicidad, enfocada a atraer turistas a la playa, le genera una doble otredad. La primera como mujer, cuyo físico es controlado por un imaginario androcéntrico que lo usa cual Eva-sirena, que tienta y atrae al posible visitante. La segunda como elemento que recrea una fantasía de exploración colonial de una playa prístina y “virginal”, y que la aleja de la modernidad racional cartesiana, en la cual la mente se impone a un cuerpo que debe ser controlado y domesticado por la razón.

  19. Ecology of playa lakes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haukos, David A.; Smith, Loren M.

    1992-01-01

    Between 25,000 and 30,000 playa lakes are in the playa lakes region of the southern high plains (Fig. 1). Most playas are in west Texas (about 20,000), and fewer, in New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Colorado. The playa lakes region is one of the most intensively cultivated areas of North America. Dominant crops range from cotton in southern areas to cereal grains in the north. Therefore, most of the native short-grass prairie is gone, replaced by crops and, recently, grasses of the Conservation Reserve Program. Playas are the predominant wetlands and major wildlife habitat of the region.More than 115 bird species, including 20 species of waterfowl, and 10 mammal species have been documented in playas. Waterfowl nest in the area, producing up to 250,000 ducklings in wetter years. Dominant breeding and nesting species are mallards and blue-winged teals. During the very protracted breeding season, birds hatch from April through August. Several million shorebirds and waterfowl migrate through the area each spring and fall. More than 400,000 sandhill cranes migrate through and winter in the region, concentrating primarily on the larger saline lakes in the southern portion of the playa lakes region.The primary importance of the playa lakes region to waterfowl is as a wintering area. Wintering waterfowl populations in the playa lakes region range from 1 to 3 million birds, depending on fall precipitation patterns that determine the number of flooded playas. The most common wintering ducks are mallards, northern pintails, green-winged teals, and American wigeons. About 500,000 Canada geese and 100,000 lesser snow geese winter in the playa lakes region, and numbers of geese have increased annually since the early 1980’s. This chapter describes the physiography and ecology of playa lakes and their attributes that benefit waterfowl.

  20. Megadesarrollos turísticos de sol y playa enclaves del imaginario

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez González, Sylvia Cristina

    2009-01-01

    Los megadesarrollos turísticos de sol y playa han sido impulsados por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) como proyectos de estrategia de desarrollo turístico, en México nacen los Centros Integralmente Planeados (CIP´s) para dar orden urbano, descentralizando grandes inversiones turísticas principalmente de origen extranjeros. Son identificados ante la promoción turística por la inversión de insumos y tecnología. Los emplazamientos turísticos de sol y playa han crecido y destina...

  1. Kansas Playa Wetlands

    Data.gov (United States)

    Kansas Data Access and Support Center — This digital dataset provides information about the distribution, areal extent, and morphometry of playa wetlands throughout western Kansas. Playa wetlands were...

  2. Monitoreo de tortugas marinas Lepidochelis olivaceae (paslama en playa La Flor - Rivas

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    Celia María Gutiérrez

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available La tortuga marina Lepidochelis olivaceae desova en forma masiva, solamente en seis playas del mundo. Nicaragua cuenta con dos de estas playas en los sitios geográficos llamados ' “Chacocente", en el Departamento de Carazo y "La Flor", en San Juan del Sur. Esta especie de tortuga se caracteriza por presentar un movimiento sincronizado para su anidación en la playa, el cual se ha denominado arribadas. Durante 5 años consecutivos se realizó en el refugio de vida silvestre "La Flor", un monitoreo de la población anidante y se encontró que cada año durante el período de julio a enero, visitan esta playa aproximadamente, 3,000 a 12,000 tortugas, reportándose entre septiembre y octubre el pico más alto de la población anidante. Paralelo a este estudio, se realizó un diagnóstico rápido en las comunidades aledañas al refugio, el cual refleja que es una práctica tradicional de los pobladores, la extracción de huevos de tortuga para el consumo de la familia y para el comercio. Se considera, sin embargo, que esta práctica no representa económicamente una dependencia absoluta, ya que la población tiene otros tipos de actividades agropecuarias que contribuyen a su subsistencia.

  3. Dispersión espacial de Plicopurpura patula pansa en playas rocosas del estado de Guerrero, México Spatial pattern of Plicopurpura patula pansa,in rocky shores of Guerrero, México

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    Sergio García-Ibáñez

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Plicopurpura patula pansa es un caracol carnívoro característico de las costas rocosas del Pacífico mexicano. Presenta una glándula hipobraquial que secreta un fluido que adquiere una coloración púrpura en presencia de oxígeno y luz solar. Se determinó el arreglo espacial del caracol en playas que difieren en cuanto al tipo de sustrato, exposición al oleaje y pendiente de playa. Se calculó entre 0.1522 y 0.5435. Las menores fluctuaciones del Ip se presentaron en 5 playas que tienen en común sustratos fijos, gran cantidad de grietas y oquedades. Las mayores fluctuaciones correspondieron a 4 playas con sustratos móviles, como los cantos rodados.Plicopurpura patula pansa is a carnivore snail common of the Mexican Pacific rocky shores. Its hypobranchial gland produces a secretion that, in the presence of oxygen and sunlight, becomes purple. We determined the spatial distribution of the snail on beaches that differ in substratum, wave exposure, and the degree substratum’s inclination. The average snail density was calculated. Using the Morisita index (Id and the Morisita standardized index (Ip, we found that in 96.3% of the samples taken, the snails were distributed according to a patchy distribution. The rest of the time, their distribution was random. The I index oscillated between 0.1522 and 0.5435. Smaller fluctuations of the I index were observed in 5 beaches with substrata that were more stable and had a larger number of cracks and crevices than those on beaches with mobile substrata, such as rolled rocks.

  4. Planificación territorial y turística en destinos de sol y playa maduros

    OpenAIRE

    Collado Lara, Marta

    2017-01-01

    La investigación aborda la problemática de los destinos turísticos sol y playa de masas y maduros del litoral mediterráneo e insular español, desde la perspectiva territorial. En síntesis, la situación problemática detectada, muestra un desgobierno del territorio dominado por la planificación urbanística y pone de manifiesto una evidente falte de coordinación y cooperación entre las políticas territoriales y turísticas en la definición de un modelo de desarrollo turístico sol y playa sostenib...

  5. Caracterización cuantitativa de la generación de residuos sólidos en la playa de Varadero

    OpenAIRE

    Laureano José López Moreda; Georgia Alina Pérez Falcón; Inalbis Ruiz Castell; Olivia Orellanes Rodríguez; Ricardo Cruz Nardo

    2011-01-01

    Varadero constituye el destino turístico de sol y playa más importante del país. La playa, es una parte significativa del producto que está ofreciendo la industria turística. Sin embargo la concentración de gran cantidad de público en este espacio, unido al hábito de consumir bebidas y alimentos durante su estancia, trae consigo la generación de volúmenes significativos de residuos, fundamentalmente vidrio, plástico,...

  6. Bogotá no tiene mar pero tiene playa: el vallenato y sus intérpretes costeños en Bogotá

    OpenAIRE

    Jaramillo Acuña, Juan Guillermo

    2015-01-01

    La Playa es un sector de la ciudad de Bogotá, donde se encuentra la oferta de músicos informales más grande de Colombia: mariachis, tríos de cuerda y grupos vallenatos. En esta investigación, se analiza la migración de músicos vallenatos provenientes del Caribe colombiano a este sector de la capital del país; se examina el trabajo de estos músicos en La Playa; y se revisa el proceso de consolidación del vallenato como música nacional.

  7. Algunos aspectos bio-ecológicos del "Muy Muy" Emerita analoga (Stimpson, 1857) (DECAPODA: ANOMURA) en playas al sur de Lima

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez Rivas, Guadalupe

    1988-01-01

    Da a conocer algunos parámetros de la dinámica - poblacional de este crustáceo en la zona central del litoral peruano, tales como: estructura poblacional, densidad, crecimiento, reproducción, ciclo sexual y comportamiento. Así mismo, referir la comunidad biótica de la Playa arenosa estudiada y dar a conocer el valor nutritivo de la especie en cuestión. Tesis (Dr.). -- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Biología

  8. Presencia de microplásticos en cuatro playas arenosas de Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sara Purca

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta el número y peso por metro cuadrado de fragmentos de microplásticos presentes en cuatro playas arenosas de la costa peruana. Las muestras fueron colectadas entre junio de 2014 y mayo 2015. Fragmentos de plástico duro mayores a 1 mm fueron encontrados en más del 80% de las muestras de las cuatro playas. La playa Costa Azul (~ 12°S presentó 522 fragmentos por metro cuadrado (items/m2 de microplásticos, de los cuales, 463.33 items/m2 y 2.6 g/m2 fueron plásticos duros. La playa Albúfera de Medio Mundo (~ 11°S presentó el menor número y peso de microplásticos (4.67 items/m2 y 0.50 g/m2. Una muestra aleatoria de la playa Costa Azul fue analizada por el espectroscopio FT-IR. Se encontró 5 fragmentos con poliuretano (PE, dos fragmentos con polipropileno (PP y un fragmento con estireno (EPS. Pocos estudios mencionan al plástico duro como la mayor fracción de los microplásticos, se sugiere nuevas fuentes de intrusión y vías de microbasura en los hábitas, los cuales podrían estar afectando desde la base de trama trófica marina en el Perú.

  9. Distribución espacial de Ocypode quadrata (Decapoda: Ocypodidae en ocho playas de la zona norte oriental de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frank A. Ocaña

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Uno de los organismos más comunes en las playas arenosas son los miembros del género Ocypode conocidos como cangrejos fantasmas, están ampliamente distribuidos en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales; además tienen un importante papel en la transferencia de energía en diferentes niveles tróficos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar a conocer aspectos relacionados con la variación espacial de la densidad de O. quadrata en playas con diferente nivel de influencia humana en la costa norte oriental de Cuba. En mayo de 2010, fueron contadas un total de 355 galerías en 360 unidades de muestreo. La composición por clases de tallas fue de 237 galerías de jóvenes y 118 de adultos. Del total de galerías contadas el 74% ocuparon el nivel P1, 20% el nivel P2 y 6% el nivel P3. La densidad varió entre 0.06-0.52galerías/m2. A pesar del nivel de influencia humana, la mayoría de las playas no mostró diferencias significativas en la densidad de galerías (Scheffé, p>0.05. La densidad de individuos en la zona superior de resaca del oleaje es mayor (Scheffé, p<0.05, predominando los jóvenes y en el resto de los estratos la densidad total va disminuyendo y predominan los individuos adultos. El patrón de variación entre los estratos no fue el mismo para todas las playas. En el presente estudio no se encontró evidencia directa entre el nivel de turismo y la densidad de galerías del cangrejo fantasma

  10. Causas y efectos de un destino no sustentable: Caso playas públicas de Cancún, Quintana Roo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christine Elizabeth Mc Coy Cador

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Un desarrollo urbano desordenado es uno de los mayores inconvenientes a los que se enfrentan los destinos turísticos. En Cancún, Quintana Roo, dicha anarquía se refleja, entre otras cosas, en la pérdida constante de playas públicas, no sólo por problemas de erosión, sino por la manipulación de usos de suelo. Aunado a lo anterior, se encuentra el modelo hotelero que exige la concesión para construir a pie de playa, así como la autorización de uso casi privado de la misma. Este esquema ha sido replicado en otros destinos, imposibilitando con ello a la población local de su disfrute para entretenimiento, pero las empresas hoteleras no se responsabilizan del mantenimiento cuando éstas se ven afectadas por fenómenos meteorológicos. El presente trabajo realiza una evaluación de lo que estaba programado como playas públicas de acuerdo al Plan Maestro de 1982, su evolución, para contrastarlo con lo que en la actualidad existe, después de un levantamiento de datos en todas las playas públicas y la revisión de los sucesivos Planes de Desarrollo Urbano. El resultado de dicho levantamiento muestra que el destino ha pérdido cerca del 91% de sus playas públicas, lo que permite señalar que ha rebasado su capacidad de carga turística.

  11. Evolución geomorfológica y vegetación costera de playa Palmeras Parque Nacional Natural Isla Gorgona, Pacífico Colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gladys Bernal

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de la geomorfología y vegetación en playa Palmeras a partir del levantamiento de un modelo digital de elevación, mediciones sistemáticas de perfiles de playa durante 15 meses, análisis de la planta de equilibrio, mediciones de coberturas vegetales, conductividad eléctrica del agua de inundación y granulometría en 15 parcelas establecidas a lo largo de la playa. La playa se puede dividir en dos sectores. El sector NE se caracteriza por una forma en planta cóncava, cúspides de playa, mayor pendiente, mayor elevación, amplia zona seca, mayor variabilidad de la forma en planta y en perfil y mayor tendencia a la acreción, con vegetación herbácea dominada por Rhynchospora polystachys. El sector SW tiene una forma en planta convexa, es menos elevado, el ancho de zona seca es mínimo, la variabilidad de la planta y perfil son menores y tiende a la erosión. La vegetación herbácea en este sector está dominada por Sphagneticola trilobata y hay mayor proporción de palmas muertas. Aunque la longitud de las observaciones limita las conclusiones sobre la variabilidad estacional e interanual de la playa, la cota de inundación aumenta en la época húmeda y hay mayor pérdida de sedimentos. Asimismo, durante años El Niño se evidenció un incremento de la energía del oleaje, que estaría asociado con erosión costera. En el largo plazo hay evidencias de un cambio en la dirección del oleaje y una basculación de la playa con acreción hacia el NE y erosión hacia el SW.

  12. Cuantificando la incertidumbre: aplicación a la línea de playa

    OpenAIRE

    Payo, Andrés; Baquerizo, Asunción; Losada, Miguel Ángel

    2004-01-01

    A priori no es posible conocer con certeza la forma en planta de un tramo de playa, debido principalmente al desconocimiento del clima marítimo al que estará sometido. En este trabajo se presenta un procedimiento de cálculo cuyo objetivo es el de cuantificar de forma objetiva la incertidumbre asociada a la predicción de la evolución de la línea de playa en términos de probabilidad. A partir de una base de datos oceanográficos y basados en los principios de las funciones ortogonales empíricas ...

  13. Playa: High-Performance Programmable Linear Algebra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victoria E. Howle

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper introduces Playa, a high-level user interface layer for composing algorithms for complex multiphysics problems out of objects from other Trilinos packages. Among other features, Playa provides very high-performance overloaded operators implemented through an expression template mechanism. In this paper, we give an overview of the central Playa objects from a user's perspective, show application to a sequence of increasingly complex solver algorithms, provide timing results for Playa's overloaded operators and other functions, and briefly survey some of the implementation issues involved.

  14. Las certificaciones en el sector turístico español: gestión de las playas españolas

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Alles, María Teresa; Moral Moral, María; Jiménez Caballero, José Luis (Coordinador)

    2011-01-01

    El modelo de “sol y playa”, pieza clave del sector turístico español, se basa en las playas como principal recurso de la actividad turística. Los cambios acaecidos en el entorno debido a los avances tecnológicos, el cambio en el comportamiento del consumidor turístico, así como el aumento de la competencia con la aparición de nuevos destinos turísticos competidores de “sol y playa”, han llevado a la necesidad de reinventar el tradicional producto turístico de sol y playa, ...

  15. Incidence of variables in the Transfer of Tacit Knowledge of Marketing in the hotel sector of Playa del Carmen city, Mexico.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Zapata

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación permitió validar un modelo de influencia de la intención de aprendizaje de market‑ ing, motivación personal y capacidad de absorción de conocimiento de marketing en la adquisición de conocimien‑ to tácito de marketing y esto a su vez en la transferencia de conocimiento tácito de marketing entre los empleados de pequeñas y medianas empresas hoteleras en la ciudad de Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, México. A través de una investigación cuantitativa y transversal, se integraron 229 empleados del sector hotelero. Los resultados mostraron que la motivación personal y la intención de aprender marketing intervienen positivamente en la adquisición de conocimiento tácito de marketing y, con influencia de la capacidad de absorción del conocimiento de marketing, impactan directamente la transferencia de conocimiento tácito de marketing.

  16. Relevamientos semicuantitativo para el estudio de la morfología de playa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angel Marcos

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available El cambio climático global y sus efectos sobre las ambientalmente sensibles áreas costeras han llevado, tanto a los organismos científicos como económicos, a poner en ejecución planes de manejo costero. Un punto débil de este esquema es la falta de datos estadísticos, sobre todo en países del llamado Tercer Mundo, que por sus características económicas no destinan fondos para este tipo de estudio. Es por ello interesante ejecutar metodologías de relevamiento de bajo costo, accesibles aún a personas con escaso conocimiento técnico para obtener resultados que puedan servir para resolver esta problemática. Es así que se hicieron experiencias con una metodología basada en un relevamiento semicuantitativo de playas, adaptado a las condiciones del medio en la costa de Monte Hermoso. En dicha localidad, en base a estudios previos se posee un conocimiento de sus materiales y su dinámica, tanto de la playa como del mar y de su clima. Periódicamente, con un relevamiento expeditivo se pueden realizar perfiles topográficos de playa, mientras que observaciones oceanográficas y climáticas con métodos convencionales, son importantes para la comprensión de los procesos costeros que generan las variaciones morfológicas de la playa. La metodología se basa en un relevamiento descriptivo semicuantitativo, que brinda un caudal de información confiable y permite inferir el comportamiento de la playa en función del tiempo. Se realizan bosquejos topográficos de sectores definidos de la playa, volcando la información con una simbología preestablecida, indicando la orientación de barras, canales, afloramientos, corrientes de flujo, etc. Las dimensiones son estimadas según una grilla métrica. La grilla referenciada se construye con elementos de fácil reconocimiento, presentes en la costa, las que luego se identifican en campañas sucesivas a los efectos de comparar los cambios sufridos por la playa durante un período determinado. Los

  17. Playa Lakes

    Data.gov (United States)

    Kansas Data Access and Support Center — This digital dataset provides information about the spatial distribution of soil units associated with playa lakes. Specific soil types have been designated by the...

  18. LA EROSIÓN HISTÓRICA DE LA PLAYA DE SA RÀPITA (S. MALLORCA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ángel Martín Prieto

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La evolución morfosedimentaria de la playa de sa Ràpita (Sur de Mallorca se ha visto afectada a partir de la construcción, en 1977, del puerto deportivo ubicado en su extremo NO. La consecuencia más importante ha sido la modificación de la deriva litoral, ya que el puerto actúa como trampa sedimentaria. Este hecho impide que el sedimento pueda distribuirse a lo largo de la playa, como ocurría antes de su construcción. La playa ha sufrido procesos erosivos importantes a partir de 1977 hasta la actualidad. Así, a partir de esa fecha, el sector más próximo al puerto deportivo ha aumentado su superficie con una media de 0.5 m/a, mientras que el resto de la playa se erosiona con una media de entre -0.19 y -0.34 m/a. El estudio se ha realizado con la ayuda de un Sistema de Información Geográfica y con la herramienta Digital Shoreline Analysis System, que permite cuantificar los procesos erosivos a lo largo de un periodo comprendido entre los años 1956 y 2012.

  19. Trabajo emocional y satisfacción con el empleo en hoteles de sol y playa

    OpenAIRE

    Ramírez Velázquez, Ethel; Guerra Rodríguez, Luis Eduardo; Ramis Palmer, Carmen

    2016-01-01

    Se evalúan las relaciones entre el trabajo emocional y la satisfacción con el empleo de trabajadores del servicio en hoteles de sol y playa del Grupo Cubanacan en el destino Santa Lucía, provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. Se aplica la versión española de la Escala de Trabajo Emocional de Frankfurt para revelar el estado de las dimensiones de esta variable. Las bases de datos obtenidas fueron procesadas con el paquete estadístico Statgraphics Centurion XVI. Se constató que las dimensiones del trabaj...

  20. Conductivity Investigation of Infiltration Through a Playa Lake Near Lubbock, Texas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taylor, T. L.

    2017-12-01

    The playas of the High Plains of the United States are known to contribute to the recharge of the underlying Ogallala aquifer. The investigation of the High Plains playa-aquifer system began in 1895. Since then there has been many conceptual models about recharge beneath playa floors and how they recharge theOgallala aquifer. We are using a compartmentalized playa located in the High Plains of Texas which has the greatest concentration of playas in the US. It is estimated that there is anywhere between 22,000 and 60,000 playas present. Investigation the pathways forinfiltration thorugh playa is necessary to understand therecharge to the Ogallala aquifer.The purpose of this electromagnetic investigation is to study the fluid flow path within a playa structure bymeasurements of conductivity in the subsurface. The measurements have been processed to show a 2-D profile of the Playa. Conductivity measurements were collected with an EM31 and so are confined to the top few meters of the soil. Regions with high conductivity are assumed to contain more water than the areas with low conductivity. Repeated profiles collected before and after rain events to identify regions that accommodate more infiltration than other. The results indicate that there is greater infiltration at the annulus of the playa than in the center.

  1. La importancia de la protección de las playas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Las playas son una parte importante de la vida en Estados Unidos. Las playas ofrecen un sinnúmero de beneficios para el medio ambiente, actividades recreativas y la economía local. Aprenda la importancia de las playas y cómo protegerlas.

  2. Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: A literature synthesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Melcher, Cynthia P.; Skagen, Susan K.

    2005-01-01

    We summarize current knowledge about grass buffers for protecting small, isolated wetlands in agricultural contexts, including information relevant to protecting playas from runoff containing sediments, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants, and information on how buffers may affect densities and productivity of grassland birds. Land-uses surrounding the approximately 60,000 playas within the Playa Lakes Region (PLR), including intensive agriculture, feedlots, and oil extraction, can contribute to severe degradation of playas. Farming and grazing can lead to significant sedimentation in nearby playas, eliminating their ability to hold water, support the region’s biodiversity, or adequately recharge aquifers. Contaminants further degrade habitats and threaten the water quality of underlying aquifers, including the Ogallala Aquifer.

  3. Reflejos territoriales en destinos religiosos y de sol y playa. De Fátima a Benidorm

    OpenAIRE

    Santos Solla, Xosé Manuel

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre destinos turísticos neogénicos surgidos a partir de motivaciones diferentes. En concreto focalizamos el trabajo en dos localidades ibéricas seleccionadas como representativas del turismo religioso y de sol y playa: Fátima y Benidorm. Los argumentos que desarrollamos insisten en la idea de que la aparición y evolución de estos destinos no es neutra desde el punto de vista geográfico. Del mismo modo existen coincidencias a la hora de entender su...

  4. Análisis de la gestión de riesgos de un proyecto de inversión pública en turismo de sol y playa durante su fase de inversión: El caso del proyecto acondicionamiento turístico de la playa de centro Máncora

    OpenAIRE

    Duran Cárdenas, Dacio; Duran Cárdenas, Dacio; Aparicio Acurio, Manuel; Duran Cárdenas, Dacio

    2012-01-01

    La presente investigación, tiene como finalidad estructurar una propuesta que permita una mejor gestión en la ejecución de un proyecto de inversión pública en turismo de sol y playa. Para lograr esto, el estudio hace uso del análisis de riesgos, el mismo que logra identificar y analizar cualitativa y cuantitativamente los riesgos durante la ejecución de un proyecto turístico, y de esta manera minimizar los eventos de riesgo negativos (amenazas) y maximizar los eventos de riesgo positivos (opo...

  5. Estudio inicial y plan maestro del proyecto de playa de "Las Calas"

    OpenAIRE

    Gamboa Otero, José Luis; Siucho Dextre, Julián

    2016-01-01

    El proyecto de desarrollo inmobiliario Las Calas se ubica en el kilómetro 180 de la carretera Panamericana Norte. Asimismo, cuenta con una extensión total de 244 ha, que enmarcan tres playas privadas (Quita Calzón, Lampay y Mirador). Cabe agregar que abarca 3.5 km de litoral y de acantilados. El proyecto se desarrollará en el transcurso de 10 años. En este lapso de tiempo, se proveerá distintos productos inmobiliarios y de uso mixto. El plan maestro consta de lotes, apartamentos, cancha ...

  6. Inseguridad y Crisis Económica en el Imaginario Social de Playas de Rosarito, Baja California

    OpenAIRE

    Jesús Angel Enríquez Acosta; Alejandra Meza; Noelia Fierro

    2015-01-01

    Este trabajo ofrece un análisis acerca de como los habitantes de Playas de Rosarito en Baja California, imaginan y perciben el impacto de la crisis económica norteamericana mas reciente y la inseguridad mexicana en la actividad turística, principal vocación económica del lugar. Los testimonios de los habitantes expresan la transformación social, urbana y cultural del lugar turístico y de los problemas asociados a ciudades en rápido crecimiento. Se trata de una ciudad fronteriza con Estados Un...

  7. Groundwater recharge in desert playas: current rates and future effects of climate change

    Science.gov (United States)

    McKenna, Owen P.; Sala, Osvaldo E.

    2018-01-01

    Our results from playas, which are topographic low areas situated in closed-catchments in drylands, indicated that projected climate change in Southwestern USA would have a net positive impact over runon and groundwater recharge beneath playas. Expected increased precipitation variability can cause up to a 300% increase in annual groundwater recharge beneath playas. This increase will overshadow the effect of decreased precipitation amount that could cause up to a 50% decrease in recharge beneath playas. These changes could have a significant impact on groundwater and carbon storage. These results are important given that groundwater resources in Southwestern USA continue to decline due to human consumption outpacing natural recharge of aquifers. Here, we report on groundwater recharge rates ranging from less than 1 mm to greater than 25 mm per year beneath desert playas. Playas located in larger and steeper catchments with finer-textured soils had the highest rates of recharge. Vegetation cover had no effect on recharge beneath playas. We modeled catchment runoff generation and found that the amount of runon a playa receives annually strongly correlated to the rate of groundwater recharge beneath that playa. Runon occurred during precipitation events larger than 20 mm and increased linearly with events above that threshold.

  8. Ocupación urbana de espacios litorales: gestión del riesgo e iniciativas de manejo en una comunidad patagónica automotivada (Playa Magagna, Chubut, Argentina)

    OpenAIRE

    Alejandro Monti; Ana María Escofet

    2009-01-01

    Playa Magagna es un pequeño asentamiento urbano para recreación estival y de fin de semana, instalado en una típica planicie de acumulación marina de la costa patagónica, sujeta a fuerte influencia de la erosión marina y remoción en masa. Este artículo describe el modo en que los habitantes han procurado mitigar el efecto de ambas funciones forzantes sobre sus casas y otros bienes del entorno doméstico, y muestra que las respuestas individuales han tenido que ser progresivamente complementada...

  9. Futuro del turismo de masas sol y playa del litoral mediterráneo español / Future mass tourism of sun and beach Spanish Mediterranean littoral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Collado Lara

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available ResumenLa situación problemática de los destinos maduros de demanda masiva sol y playa del litoral español y las medidas encaminadas, por las políticas turísticas, a la mejora de la pérdida de competitividad del sector, requieren un nuevo modelo de desarrollo turístico para estos destinos. El objetivo del trabajo, es aportar valor añadido al diseño de nuevos modelos de desarrollo turístico de futuro mediante la aplicación de las herramientas de prospectiva territorial, como instrumento capaz de reforzar procesos de planificación. Para mostrar la viabilidad de estas herramientas se lleva a cabo una valoración de similitudes o brechas entre dos modelos de desarrollo turístico; por un lado, un modelo de desarrollo hipotético de un destino maduro del litoral mediterráneo [utilizando las herramientas de prospectiva territorial] y, por otro, el modelo de desarrollo de un Proyecto Piloto de un caso real de planeamiento urbanístico. Los resultados de la valoración revelan que los dos modelos presentan muchas similitudes, lo que permite mostrar el potencial de la prospectiva territorial como instrumento para hacer frente a los problemas de desarrollo turístico plagados de complejidad e incertidumbre, así como su capacidad para reducir el análisis de los desafíos globales a las implicaciones locales y espaciales.Palabras claveDestinos maduros, prospectiva, demanda masiva sol y playa, incertidumbre, desarrollo turísticoAbstractThe problematic situation of the mature destinations of massive demand of sun and beach of the Spanish littoral and the measures directed to the improvement of the loss of competitiveness of the sector, demand a new model of tourist development for these destinations. The aim of the work is to supply added value to the design of new models of future tourist development by means of the application of the territorial foresight tools, as a tool able to reinforce planning processes. To demonstrate the viability of

  10. Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography

    Science.gov (United States)

    Melcher, Cynthia P.; Skagen, Susan K.

    2005-01-01

    This bibliography and associated literature synthesis (Melcher and Skagen, 2005) was developed for the Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV). The PLJV sought compilation and annotation of the literature on grass buffers for protecting playas from runoff containing sediments, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants. In addition, PLJV sought information regarding the extent to which buffers may attenuate the precipitation runoff needed to fill playas, and avian use of buffers. We emphasize grass buffers, but we also provide information on other buffer types.

  11. Review: Recharge rates and chemistry beneath playas of the High Plains aquifer, USA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gurdak, Jason J.; Roe, Cassia D.

    2010-12-01

    Playas are ephemeral, closed-basin wetlands that are hypothesized as an important source of recharge to the High Plains aquifer in central USA. The ephemeral nature of playas, low regional recharge rates, and a strong reliance on groundwater from the High Plains aquifer has prompted many questions regarding the contribution and quality of recharge from playas to the High Plains aquifer. As a result, there has been considerable scientific debate about the potential for water to infiltrate the relatively impermeable playa floors, travel through the unsaturated zone sediments that are tens of meters thick, and subsequently recharge the High Plains aquifer. This critical review examines previously published studies on the processes that control recharge rates and chemistry beneath playas. Reported recharge rates beneath playas range from less than 1.0 to more than 500 mm/yr and are generally 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than recharge rates beneath interplaya settings. Most studies support the conceptual model that playas are important zones of recharge to the High Plains aquifer and are not strictly evaporative pans. The major findings of this review provide science-based implications for management of playas and groundwater resources of the High Plains aquifer and directions for future research.

  12. Site study plan for Playa investigations, Deaf Smith County, Texas: Salt Repository Project

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1987-01-01

    This plan defines the purpose and objectives of the Playa Investigation Study, presents a plan of work to provide the information necessary to resolve issues, and discusses the rationale for test method selection. The required information will be obtained from existing well drilling records, describing and testing of soil and rock samples recovered from project test holes, geophysical well logs, seismic surveys, and shallow test pits excavated at ground surface. There have been numerous, often conflicting, theories presented to explain the origin(s) of the playas of the Texas High Plains. The primary purpose of this study is to establish if existing playas and playa alignments are related to deeper subsurface structure, such as faulting or salt dissolution, the potential for future playa development, and the significance of existing and/or future playas on siting a repository in Deaf Smith County, Texas. 11 refs

  13. Dust Generation Resulting from Desiccation of Playa Systems: Studies on Mono and Owens Lakes, California

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gill, Thomas Edward

    1995-01-01

    Playas, evaporites, and aeolian sediments frequently are linked components within the Earth system. Anthropogenic water diversions from terminal lakes form playas that release fugitive dust. These actions, documented worldwide, simulate aeolian processes activated during palaeoclimatic pluvial/interpluvial transitions, and have significant environmental impacts. Pluvial lakes Russell and Owens in North America's Great Basin preceded historic Mono and Owens Lakes, now desiccated by water diversions into dust-generating, evaporite -encrusted playas. Geochemical and hydrologic cycles acting on the Owens (Dry) Lake playa form three distinct crust types each year. Although initial dust production results from deflation of surface efflorescences after the playa dries, most aerosols are created by saltation abrasion of salt/silt/clay crusts at crust/ sand sheet contacts. The warm-season, clastic "cemented" crust is slowest to degrade into dust. If the playa surface is stabilized by an unbroken, non-efflorescent crust, dust formation is discouraged. When Mono Lake's surFace elevation does not exceed 1951 meters (6400 feet), similar processes will also generate dust from its saline lower playa. Six factors--related to wind, topography, groundwater, and sediments--control dust formation at both playas. These factors were combined into a statistical model relating suspended dust concentrations to playa/lake morphometry. The model shows the extent and severity of Mono Lake dust storms expands significantly below the surface level 6376 feet (1943.5 meters). X-ray diffraction analysis of Mono Basin soils, playa sediments, and aerosols demonstrates geochemical cycling of materials through land, air and water during Mono Lake's 1982 low stand. Soils and clastic playa sediments contain silicate minerals and tephra. Saline groundwater deposited calcite, halite, thenardite, gaylussite, burkeite and glauberite onto the lower playa. Aerosols contained silicate minerals (especially

  14. Anidación y manejo de la tortuga golfina (Lepidochelys olivacea en la playa La Cuevita, Bahía Solano, Chocó, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hinestroza, Lina María

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available Durante la estación de anidación de 1999, documentamos algunos aspectos del comportamiento de anidación de la colonia de Lepidochelys olivacea que desova en la playa La Cuevita en el Pacífico colombiano. Adicionalmente, evaluamos los resultados del programa de maneje por transferencia y protección de nidos para esta estación reproductiva y lo comparamos con años anteriores. Todos los nidos depositados en esta playa que no logran ser transferidos al corral de protección. son depredados por humanos, al igual que una buena proporción de las hembras anidantes. Trasladamos 365 nidos (30197 huevos, de los 377 desoves registrados. El promedio del LCC de las hembras fue de 66 cm (SD= 2,47 y el promedio del número de huevos por nido fue de 102 (SD= 23,04. A diferencia de la estación de 1998, en la presente estación se presentó un pico de anidación evidente y la preferencia de anidación fue en la Lona media de la playa, seguida por la zona de lavado. El éxito de eclosión estimado con base en 304 de los 365 nidos transferidos fue de 71.4% y el éxito reproductivo de 71.8%. Las causas principales de mortalidad dentro del tortugario fueron: escaso o noto desarrollo embrionario. infestación de larvas de moscas en toda o parte de la nidada. asfixia de los neonatos por compactación de la arena. y picaduras por parte de hormigas. El intervalo de temperaturas de incubación estuvo entre los 28,9°C y los 29,4°C, con un promedio de 29.1°C, presentando 51 días de incubación. La evaluación de las proporciones sexuales neonatales de los nidos transferidos fue de 6: 1 en favor de los machos. Nuestros resultados indican que playa La Cuevita es un importante sitio de anidación de Lepidochelys olivacea en Sudamérica. Sin embargo, se deben seguir evaluando las estrategias de manejo empleadas para permitir la eclosión in situ de nidadas, mediante el control de las tasas de depredación humana, e intentar adelantar estudios para determinar

  15. Comments on Racetrack playa: Rocks moved by wind alone

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sanz-Montero, M. E.; Cabestrero, Ó.; Rodríguez-Aranda, J. P.

    2016-03-01

    The mechanisms by which rocks move across the beds of playa lakes leaving tracks continue to be debated (Sanz-Montero and Rodríguez-Aranda, 2013; Norris et al., 2014; Sanz-Montero et al., 2015a,b; Baumgardner and Shaffer, 2015; Jones and Hooke, 2015). In this regard, the article by Jones and Hooke (Aeolian Research 19, 2015) is particularly interesting since it provides a description of these mechanisms by R. Jones who, during a storm event in 1972, was probably the first person to witness movement of rocks. The dominant meteorological conditions described by Jones during the period when the tracks were formed are, significantly, rather similar to those previously described by Clements (1952) at Little Bonnie Claire Playa (Nevada, USA). The storm conditions referred to in the article also coincide with the observations, measurements and deductions made by Sanz-Montero and Rodríguez-Aranda (2013) and Sanz-Montero et al. (2015a,b) at Altillo Chica playa lake, Central Spain. Furthermore, we were able to carry out an on-site analysis of the sedimentary structures at Racetrack playa in June 2015, allowing us to verify the similarity of the features present at both sites. Together with the important role played by gusty winds in the formation of the tracks, all the above mentioned studies point to the presence of a thin veneer of water, just a few millimeters deep, in the area of the playa lake where the rock movements occur. However, Jones and Hooke (2015) disregard the force exerted by moving water and analyze the coefficient of friction assuming that the rocks are moved by wind alone. We offer an alternative explanation for the movement of rocks both at Racetrack and Altillo Chica playa lake which considers not only the wind but also the role played by moving water in conjunction with other parameters which modify the erosion thresholds (rocks acting as obstacles) and reduce friction (benthic microorganisms).

  16. Calidad del agua de mar y su conocimiento por turistas nacionales: el caso de tres municipios costeros del estado de Nayarit, México.

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    Antonio Romualdo Márquez González

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es saber si los turistas nacionales conocen la calidad bacteriológica del agua de mar de los sitios que visitaban en los municipios de San Blas, Compostela y Bahía de Banderas del estado de Nayarit. El estar oportunamente informados de los comunicados que emiten las autoridades ambientales y de salud, sobre la calidad del agua de mar de los principales destinos de playa y que podría representar una herramienta de suma importancia para planear el desplazamiento para el disfrute de los destinos de sol y arena, para entrar en contacto con aguas para la recreación y esparcimiento. Se conoce, que su mala calidad podría representar en daños potenciales a la salud de quienes entran en contacto con aguas contaminadas, principalmente con enterococos fecales. En 2013, se aplicó un cuestionario a 283 turistas en las playas más visitadas de dichos municipios y, en donde se lleva a cabo el programa nacional de monitoreo sobre la calidad del agua de mar, además de ser consideradas como playas limpias. El análisis estadístico de correlación mostró aspectos importantes que podrían ser tomados en cuenta por las tres órdenes de gobierno y de los promotores turísticos de la región. Finalmente, el turista al estar informado podría evitar algún tipo de enfermedad, en donde la promoción de playas limpias representaría una mayor afluencia de visitantes y beneficios económicos a la región.

  17. DISEÑO DE UNA PROPUESTA DE MARKETING ECOTURÍSTICO PARA EL MUNICIPIO DE LA PLAYA DE BELÉN COMO DESTINO TURÍSTICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alfonso Sánchez Borja

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El proyecto tiene como objetivo diseñar una propuesta de Marketing Ecoturístico para el Municipio de la Playa de Belén en el departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia; se presentan los aspectos generales del Municipio, tales como; ubicación geográfica, topografía, aspectos étnicos y culturales. Seguidamente describe el análisis DOFA, la metodología y conceptos utilizados de mayor interés que aportan al desarrollo de la investigación con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico turístico sobre los componentes de intangibilidad turística, superestructura, infraestructura, planta turística, atractivos y descripción cultural de la comunidad de la Playa de Belén. Los resultados obtenidos se reflejan a través del análisis de mercado mediante encuesta aplicada a la comunidad, operadores y turistas, se analiza la situación actual, se diseña el plan de marketing creando unos objetivos, estrategias y recomendaciones de proyección para el municipio.

  18. Implementación de sistemas de gestión integral sustentable para destinos turísticos, caso de estudio Parque Nacional Natural Utría, playa La Aguada – Colombia

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    Fernando Gutiérrez-Fernández

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available En el presente proyecto se diseñó e implementó un sistema de gestión integral sustentable para playa La Aguada, en tres niveles de gestión: estratégico, táctico y operacional; ya que se comparó dicha playa con una organización. Para el diseño del sistema, el primer paso fue determinar los requisitos establecidos en la NTS TS 001-2, que es la norma correspondiente en Colombia a la certificación de destinos turísticos de playa. Esta certificación busca mejorar, no solo las condiciones en el ámbito ambiental, sino que exista una transversalidad entre el componente ambiental, el socio-cultural, el económico y el de seguridad, contribuyendo al progreso y al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la comunidad anfitriona que se involucra directamente con la actividad del turismo. Playa La Aguada, se encuentra ubicada en el Parque Nacional Natural de Utría en el Departamento de Choco – Colombia y como destino turístico, tiene un principal atractivo que es el avistamiento de ballenas Jorobadas o Yubartas (Megaptera novaeangliae Sin embargo, en los últimos años esta actividad se ha visto complementada por la realización de otro tipo de actividades eco turísticas, para lo cual la Unidad Administrativa Especial del Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales ha construido cabañas de alojamiento y un centro de visitantes. Por lo que esta se ha convertido en el lugar donde se recibe la mayor cantidad de visitantes, en el área natural y cuyo flujo se da durante todo el año; de manera que es necesario trabajar en su organización, buscando que el turismo no se convierta a futuro en una actividad perjudicial.

  19. Trends in Playa Inundation and Water Storage in the Ogallala Aquifer on the Texas High Plains

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    Dennis Gitz

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The Ogallala Aquifer is an important source of irrigation water on the Texas High plains; however, significant decreases in saturated thickness threaten its future use for irrigation. A better understanding of the roles of playas, ephemeral surface ponds, in aquifer recharge is needed to establish levels of withdrawals that will meet either established desired future conditions or sustainability. In this study, data regarding playa inundation, depth to groundwater, precipitation and land cover from 2001 to 2011 were collected and analyzed to ascertain associations between these characteristics for four study areas on the Texas High plains. Each area covered 40,000–70,000 ha. Three of the study areas in Hockley, Floyd and Swisher counties were chosen because their center contained a playa instrumented to measure weather and depth of inundation. There were 20 distinct inundation events at the three instrumented playas between 2006 and 2010. For each of these inundations, water loss exceeded rates of potential evapotranspiration (ET by a factor of 1.6–15.7 times, implying that infiltration was occurring. Playa inundation in all four study areas was also assessed by analyzing images from the National Agricultural Imaginary program. Data on depth to groundwater were analyzed from 2000 to 2010 to determine annual changes of stored water. Annual changes in groundwater were weakly associated with surface area of inundated playas in late summer, but was strongly associated with annual rainfall. Rates of infiltration based on playa water loss versus potential ET, and volume of water in playas was more than sufficient to account for annual changes in groundwater. Land use adjoining the playas had less of influence on playa inundation than annual rainfall. These results strengthen the argument that water storage in playas on the Texas High Plains is an important source of water for aquifer recharge.

  20. A hydrological simulation of the water regime in two playa lakes ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The definition of the surface–groundwater rela- tionship of the two unaltered playa lakes. Ballestera (henceforth 'Ball') and Calderón. (henceforth 'Cald'). • The simulation of an altered water regime caused by an increased anthropogenic GW consumption within the watershed area of Ball playa-lake. 2. The area of research.

  1. D.C. resistivity investigation to identify pathways for infiltration through playa lake in the High Plains of Texas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abila, H.; Gurrola, H.; Fernandez, A.; Taylor, T. L.; Gonzalez, I.; Duron, Z. W.; Garza, J.; Ortega, J.

    2017-12-01

    Playa lakes an important resource for the recharge of the Ogallala aquifer but we do not fully understand how water passes through these features. This is in part because playas can be very different in their ability to retain water. To help develop a better understanding of these playa lakes the geophysics class at Texas Tech University conducted a geophysical investigation (including seismic and conductivity measurements as well as soil sampling) of a playa lake that is a short distance north of Lubbock, Texas. This playa lake is compartmentalized and appears to be two small playas in close proximity. The wester of the two playa retains water better than does the eastern playa. The primary goal is to find geophysical anomalies beneath playas to identify "the wet spots" that may shed light as to the pathways for infiltration. This abstract reports on the results of the dipole-dipole D.C.-resistivity component of the investigation. Resistivity was collected using several 9 volt batteries connected in series with a switch box and hand held multimeters to collect current and voltage data. Pseudosections produced before the rainy season began showed a conductive body the match the distribution of the clay rich floor of the Playa. We believe this clay rich player was about 1 to 1.5 meters thick based on sharp increase in the conductivity at that depth interval that was flat across the entire playa. Pseudosections produced from data collected after rain storms showed that this conductive layer increased in depth by up to 1 meter and there appears to be vertical conductive anomalies through the playa floor that may indicate infiltration pathways through the clay floor of the playa.

  2. Edificio Playa, en la Costa del Sol

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    Cassinello, Fernando

    1964-02-01

    Full Text Available This apartment block has been built on the Costa del Sol, in Almeria, only a few metres from the seashore. It is meant to provide the following facilities. Changing rooms for bathers, and a night club, in the basement. Restaurant and bar on the ground floor. Twelve living apartments on the six standard floor levels; two apartments per storey. Porter's house in the attic. As the foundations are in the sand, and the building is exposed to strong coastal winds, the structural design has, as interesting features, the foundation ribbed slab and the transversal portal frames, which are W shaped on the ground level. This arrangement makes the edifice look lighter and it acquires a more dynamic plasticity.En la Costa del Sol de Almería y a muy pocos metros de la orilla del mar, se ha construido este edificio de apartamentos. Su programa es el siguiente: casetas de baño y sala de fiestas, en sótano; restaurante-bar, en planta baja; doce viviendas, en las seis plantas tipo, con dos viviendas por planta; y vivienda del portero en ático. Cimentado sobre arena y expuesto a los fuertes vientos que azotan la costa, la solución estructural ofrece el interés de su tipo de cimentación por placa nervada, y de sus pórticos transversales que en planta baja adoptan forma de W, con lo que el edificio adquiere un aspecto de mayor ligereza y de dinamismo plástico.

  3. Biophysical Controls over Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Desert Playa Wetlands

    Science.gov (United States)

    McKenna, O. P.; Sala, O. E.

    2014-12-01

    Playas are ephemeral desert wetlands situated at the bottom of closed catchments. Desert playas in the Southwestern US have not been intensively studied despite their potential importance for the functioning of desert ecosystems. We want to know which geomorphic and ecological variables control of the stock size of soil organic carbon, and soil total nitrogen in playas. We hypothesize that the magnitude of carbon and nitrogen stocks depends on: (a) catchment size, (b) catchment slope, (d) catchment vegetation cover, (e) bare-ground patch size, and (f) catchment soil texture. We chose thirty playas from across the Jornada Basin (Las Cruces, NM) ranging from 0.5-60ha in area and with varying catchment characteristics. We used the available 5m digital elevation map (DEM) to calculate the catchment size and catchment slope for these thirty playas. We measured percent cover, and patch size using the point-intercept method with three 10m transects in each catchment. We used the Bouyoucos-hydrometer soil particle analysis to determine catchment soil texture. Stocks of organic carbon and nitrogen were measured from soil samples at four depths (0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-100 cm) using C/N combustion analysis. In terms of nitrogen and organic carbon storage, we found soil nitrogen values in the top 10cm ranging from 41.963-214.365 gN/m2, and soil organic carbon values in the top 10cm ranging from 594.339-2375.326 gC/m2. The results of a multiple regression analysis show a positive relationship between catchment slope and both organic carbon and nitrogen stock size (nitrogen: y= 56.801 +47.053, R2=0.621; organic carbon: y= 683.200 + 499.290x, R2= 0.536). These data support our hypothesis that catchment slope is one of factors controlling carbon and nitrogen stock in desert playas. We also applied our model to the 69 other playas of the Jornada Basin and estimated stock sizes (0-10cm) between 415.07-447.97 Mg for total soil nitrogen and 4627.99-5043.51 Mg for soil organic

  4. Rehabilitación de edificios bajo objetivos de reducción de impacto ambiental: un caso piloto de vivienda plurifamiliar en el área de Playa de Palma, Mallorca

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    Wadel, G.

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available This article presents briefly the work Pilot study to reduce environmental impact: evaluation and assessment of a sustainable refurbishment of an existing residential building in Playa de Palma carried out by the Consortium of Palma Beach. It will be explained by how the environmental impacts of the building can be reduced by 50% or more as a result of future refurbishment and subsequent management, referring to both its current situation and refurbishment standards in residential buildings. It also includes an approximated evaluation of the CO2 emission reduction achieved in the building life cycle and the projected costs for the various actions of the refurbishment model proposed by the Consortium, to be carried out in other renovation operations in Palma Beach.

    Este artículo resume el estudio Experiencia piloto para la reducción del impacto ambiental: evaluación y asesoramiento a la rehabilitación sostenible de un edificio de viviendas existente en Playa de Palma realizado para el Consorci de Platja de Palma. Se explica a través de qué medidas es posible reducir en un 50% o más los impactos ambientales del edificio como producto de su futura rehabilitación y posterior gestión respecto tanto de su situación actual como de los estándares de rehabilitación al uso en edificios de vivienda. Asimismo, se incluye también una aproximación a las reducciones de emisiones de CO2 que se consiguen en el ciclo de vida del edificio y a los costes previstos para las distintas actuaciones del modelo de rehabilitación que el citado consorcio propone para las operaciones de rehabilitación a llevarse adelante en Playa de Palma.

  5. Groundwater recharge in desert playas: current rates and future effects of climate change

    Science.gov (United States)

    Our results from playas, which are topographic low areas situated in closed-catchments in drylands, indicated that projected climate change in Southwestern USA would have a net positive impact over runon and groundwater recharge beneath playas. Expected increased precipitation variability can cause ...

  6. Community structure of the intertidal meiofauna along a gradient of morphodynamic sandy beach types in southern Chile Estructura comunitaria de la meiofauna intermareal en un gradiente de tipos morfodinámicos de playas arenosas en el sur de Chile

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    J. GERMÁN RODRÍGUEZ

    2001-12-01

    , the relationship between community structure of the meiofauna and beach morphodynamics, were similar to that found for the macroinfauna from different sandy beaches around the world, suggesting that meiofauna and macroinfauna are similarly affected by the physical processes associated to different beach typesSe estudiaron tres playas arenosas del sur de Chile (Gaviotas, Guabún y Mar Brava; ca. 42º S durante el verano del 2000 para analizar los patrones de abundancia y biomasa de la meiofauna a lo largo de un gradiente de tipos morfodinámicos de playas. Se recolectaron muestras de sedimento con cilindros metálicos (23 cm² de área, 120 cm de longitud en diez niveles espaciados a intervalos regulares a lo largo de seis transectos separados de 5 a 10 m y extendidos desde un punto sobre el nivel de marea alta y el nivel de marea baja. En cada nivel de muestreo se midió porosidad, fuerza de cizalla, contenido de agua, penetrabilidad y tamaño del grano. La meiofauna estuvo primariamente representada por Nematoda y Copepoda Harpacticoidea. Las mayores densidades y biomasas medias por unidad de área se encontraron en la playa reflectiva de Gaviotas (6.172 ind 10 cm-2 y 2,38 g m-2, peso seco libre de cenizas en comparación con la playa intermedia de Guabún (3.390 ind 10 cm-2 y 1,70 g m-2 y la playa disipativa de Mar Brava (3.667 ind 10 cm-2 y 0,86 g m-2. La abundancia y biomasa total de la meiofauna por metro lineal de playa (i.e., meiofauna total contenida en un transecto intermareal de 1 m de ancho fueron mayores en Mar Brava (506 x 10(6 ind m-1 y 119,4 g m-1 versus Gaviotas (271 x 10(6 ind m-1 y 101,7 g m-1 y Guabún (143 x 10(6 ind m-1 y 73,9 g m-1. Por lo tanto, estos últimos resultados muestran una tendencia de aumento de abundancia y biomasa de la meiofauna intermareal hacia el tipo disipativo dentro del gradiente estudiado de tipos de playas. Los valores más altos de densidad y biomasa de la meiofauna se encontraron en los niveles superiores y medio de cada

  7. Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): Response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005-2008

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reynolds, Richard L.; Bogle, Rian; Vogel, John; Goldstein, Harland L.; Yount, James

    2009-01-01

    Playa type, size, and setting; playa hydrology; and surface-sediment characteristics are important controls on the type and amount of atmospheric dust emitted from playas. Soft, evaporite-rich sediment develops on the surfaces of some Mojave Desert (USA) playas (wet playas), where the water table is shallow (monitored between March 2005 and April 2008. The dust record, based on day-time remote digital camera images captured during high wind, and compared with a nearby precipitation record, shows that aridity suppresses dust emission. High frequency of dust generation appears to be associated with relatively wet periods, identified as either heavy precipitation events or sustained regional precipitation over a few months. Several factors may act separately or in combination to account for this relation. Dust emission may respond rapidly to heavy precipitation when the dissolution of hard, wind-resistant evaporite mineral crusts is followed by the development of soft surfaces with thin, newly formed crusts that are vulnerable to wind erosion and (or) the production of loose aggregates of evaporite minerals that are quickly removed by even moderate winds. Dust loading may also increase when relatively high regional precipitation leads to decreasing depth to the water table, thereby increasing rates of vapor discharge, development of evaporite minerals, and temporary softening of playa surfaces. The seasonality of wind strength was not a major factor in dust-storm frequency at the playa. The lack of major dust emissions related to flood-derived sediment at Franklin Lake playa contrasts with some dry-lake systems elsewhere that may produce large amounts of dust from flood sediments. Flood sediments do not commonly accumulate on the surface of Franklin Lake playa because through-going drainage prevents frequent inundation and deposition of widespread flood sediment.

  8. Gypsum ground: a new occurrence of gypsum sediment in playas of central Australia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiang Yang Chen; Bowler, James M.; Magee, John W.

    1991-06-01

    There are many playas (dry salt lakes) in arid central Australia (regional rainfall about 250 mm/y and pan evaporation around 3000 mm/y). Highly soluble salts, such as halite, only appear as a thin (several centimetres thick), white, ephemeral efflorescent crust on the dry surface. Gypsum is the major evaporite precipitating both at present and preserved in sediment sequences. One type of gypsum deposit forms a distinctive surface feature, which is here termed "gypsum ground". It consists of a thick (up to 80 cm) gypsum zone which rises from the surrounding smooth white playa surface and is overlain by a heaved brown crust. The gypsum zone, with an average gypsum content above 60%, consists of pure gypsum sublayers and interlayered clastic bands of sandy clay. The gypsum crystals are highly corroded, especially in the direction parallel to the c-axis and on the upper sides where illuviated clay has accumulated in corrosion hollows. Overgrowth parallel to the a- and b-axes is very common, forming highly discoidal habits. These secondary changes (corrosion and overgrowth) are well-developed in the vadose zone and absent from crystals below the long-term watertable (depth around 40 cm). These crystal characteristics indicate a rainwater leaching process. At Lake Amadeus, one of the largest playas (800 km 2) of central Australia, such gypsum ground occupies 16% of the total area. The gypsum ground is interpreted as an alteration of a pre-existing gypsum deposit which probably extended across the whole playa before breaking down, leaving a playa marginal terrace and several terrace islands within the gypsum ground. This pre-existing gypsum deposit, preserved in the residual islands, consists of pure, pale, sand-sized lenticular crystals. It is believed to have been deposited during an episode of high regional watertable, causing active groundwater seepage and more frequent surface brine in the playa. A later fall in watertable, probably resulting from climatic change

  9. Bacterial succession within an ephemeral hypereutrophic mojave desert playa lake

    Science.gov (United States)

    Navarro, J.B.; Moser, D.P.; Flores, A.; Ross, C.; Rosen, Michael R.; Dong, H.; Zhang, G.; Hedlund, B.P.

    2009-01-01

    Ephemerally wet playas are conspicuous features of arid landscapes worldwide; however, they have not been well studied as habitats for microorganisms. We tracked the geochemistry and microbial community in Silver Lake playa, California, over one flooding/desiccation cycle following the unusually wet winter of 2004-2005. Over the course of the study, total dissolved solids increased by 10-fold and pH increased by nearly one unit. As the lake contracted and temperatures increased over the summer, a moderately dense planktonic population of 1 ?????106 cells ml-1 of culturable heterotrophs was replaced by a dense population of more than 1????????109 cells ml-1, which appears to be the highest concentration of culturable planktonic heterotrophs reported in any natural aquatic ecosystem. This correlated with a dramatic depletion of nitrate as well as changes in the microbial community, as assessed by small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of bacterial isolates and uncultivated clones. Isolates from the early-phase flooded playa were primarily Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, yet clone libraries were dominated by Betaproteobacteria and yet uncultivated Actinobacteria. Isolates from the late-flooded phase ecosystem were predominantly Proteobacteria, particularly alkalitolerant isolates of Rhodobaca, Porphyrobacter, Hydrogenophaga, Alishwenella, and relatives of Thauera; however, clone libraries were composed almost entirely of Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria). A sample taken after the playa surface was completely desiccated contained diverse culturable Actinobacteria typically isolated from soils. In total, 205 isolates and 166 clones represented 82 and 44 species-level groups, respectively, including a wide diversity of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

  10. Locomotor activity of Phalerisida maculata Kulzer (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae on Chilean sandy beaches Actividad locomotora de Phalerisida maculata Kulzer (Coleoptera, enebrionidae en playas arenosas chilenas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    EDUARDO JARAMILLO

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available The locomotor activity of the beetle Phalerisida maculata Kulzer (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae was studied on the surface of the substrate in two sandy beaches of the Chilean coast: one in north central (ca. 29ºS and the other in south central Chile (ca.39ºS. During the summer period of 1991 the circadian locomotor activity was studied in the southern beach, while during that of 1997 in both beaches. To analyze the activity, pitfall traps were used which were ordered along two transects extended between the upper beach and the resurgence zone. The traps were checked (i.e. collection of captured insects every two hours for a total period of 26 hours. The results showed that the adults of P. maculata were mostly active during the night hours, whereas the larvae were active during both, the day and night. Studies carried out in the beach located in south central Chile show that differences in the tidal range (neap vs. spring tides do not affect the activity patterns. During the locomotor activity, adult and larvae move to lower intertidal levels than those usually occupied while buried. Results of laboratory experiments using actographs under conditions of darkness and constant temperature, suggest that adults and larvae of P. maculata presented a circadian rhythm similar to that observed in the field experiments. It is concluded that P. maculata presents a behaviour that appear to be under control of an endogenous rhythm, without showing differences in the circadian rhythm of activity when beaches located at different latitudes are comparedSe estudió la actividad locomotriz del escarabajo Phalerisida maculata Kulzer (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae sobre la superficie del sustrato de dos playas arenosas de la costa de Chile: una en el centro norte (ca. 29ºS y otra en el centro sur (ca. 39ºS. Durante el período estival de 1991 se estudió la actividad locomotriz circadiana en la playa del centro sur y durante el de 1997 en ambas playas. Para analizar

  11. La recaudación del Impuesto al Hospedaje en el Estado de Quintana Roo, México: estadística descriptiva y patrón de tendencia fractal

    OpenAIRE

    Sergio Lagunas Puls

    2014-01-01

    Partiendo de la gran importancia que representa la recaudación del Impuesto al Hospedaje en los destinos de sol y playa de México, se establece como objetivo analizar el comportamiento del gravamen en el Estado de Quintana Roo, en donde geográficamente se encuentran Cancún, Cozumel, Playa del Carmen y Tulum, en la Riviera Maya. El trabajo se inicia estableciendo la significación de la recaudación analizada con respecto a los demás ingresos por concepto de impuestos estatales, continuando con ...

  12. Depositional history and climate change in the Quaternary sequence of Meyghan playa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    مصطفی یوسفی‎راد

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available To study, 30 sediment samples were collected from the 7 boreholes with maximum depth 520 cm in the Meyghan playa bed which is located in 15 km northeastern part of Arak. Sediment samples were studied for sedimentological characteristic include mineralogy, granolometry, calcimetery, organic matter content, pH, EC and physical characteristics of sediments. Meyghan playa sediments are mostly of chemicals and detrital. Percentage of evaporative minerals in surface sediments is greater than the clastic minerals. Sediments of this playa are mainly chemical (evaporites and clastic components. Amount of evaporative minerals in surface sediments is greater than the clastic minerals. This study shows, Chemical sediments are formed Mainlyو during periods of low water levels and sometimes, the lake is fed from the land. While castic sediments of the basin were deposited during periods of high water levels and transported by rivers and floods as bed load and suspended load to playa and deposited. Considering sedimentology and mineralogy profiles with depth despite visible fluctuations due to climate change (dry and wet seasons, indicative almost regular process of parameters along the borehole. So that with depth abundance of detrital minerals, calcium carbonate, and mean of grain size is increased while organic matter and mean of grain’s sorting is decreased. These factors along with the reduction of evaporative minerals with depth, especially minerals with high solubility such as gypsum and Halite indicate there was a high water level and cold - humid climate for the past (late Pleistocene in the Meighan playa and/or maybe there is a lake with fresh water or Low salinity in the past that its salinity has increased over time.

  13. Depositional history and climate change in the Quaternary sequence of Meyghan playa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leila Abdi

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available To study, 30 sediment samples were collected from the 7 boreholes with maximum depth 520 cm in the Meyghan playa bed which is located in 15 km northeastern part of Arak. Sediment samples were studied for sedimentological characteristic include mineralogy, granolometry, calcimetery, organic matter content, pH, EC and physical characteristics of sediments. Meyghan playa sediments are mostly of chemicals and detrital. Percentage of evaporative minerals in surface sediments is greater than the clastic minerals. Sediments of this playa are mainly chemical (evaporites and clastic components. Amount of evaporative minerals in surface sediments is greater than the clastic minerals. This study shows, Chemical sediments are formed Mainlyو during periods of low water levels and sometimes, the lake is fed from the land. While castic sediments of the basin were deposited during periods of high water levels and transported by rivers and floods as bed load and suspended load to playa and deposited. Considering sedimentology and mineralogy profiles with depth despite visible fluctuations due to climate change (dry and wet seasons, indicative almost regular process of parameters along the borehole. So that with depth abundance of detrital minerals, calcium carbonate, and mean of grain size is increased while organic matter and mean of grain’s sorting is decreased. These factors along with the reduction of evaporative minerals with depth, especially minerals with high solubility such as gypsum and Halite indicate there was a high water level and cold - humid climate for the past (late Pleistocene in the Meighan playa and/or maybe there is a lake with fresh water or Low salinity in the past that its salinity has increased over time.

  14. Diseño de un sistema de alerta temprana de tsunamis para el cantón General Villamil Playas, provincia del Guayas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Muñoz Montesdeoca

    2016-12-01

    This study refersto the tsunami early warning system in canton General Villamil Playas, monitored and controlled by the Navy Oceanographic Institute, located in the Southern Naval Base in Guayaquil city. It details the design of the system, the transmission technology selected with the most suitable terminals that will be necessary to install, the determination of the places in the canton General Villamil Playas, Guayas province, where the electronic horns will be located, as well as the type of network that will be used to activate the acoustic devices. Additionally, the main features of the horns required for the system are described, the software design that remotely manages the acoustic terminals as well as the GSM communication between horns through the use of arduino are detailed, and the coverage of each horn of the tsunami early warning system is calculated.   Keywords: Arduino, GSM, GPRS, satellites, tsunamis.

  15. Anidación de la tortuga Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae en playa Gandoca, Costa Rica (1990 a 1997

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    Didiher Chacón Chaverri

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available La anidación de la tortuga baula fue estudiada en playa Gandoca, una importante playa de anidación de tortugas marinas localizada al sureste de la costa Caribeña de Costa Rica, dentro de los límites del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca/Manzanillo (82° 37' O, 09° 37' N. Entre 1990 y 1997, se desarrollaron campañas de observación de la anidación entre los meses de febrero a julio de cada año; 16 variables de la anidación fueron anotadas y una parte de la colonia fue marcada con marcas monel y 3 484 nidos fueron encontrados; durante este periodo se depositaron un promedio de 534 nidos por temporada, 1,135 nidos fue el máximo de anidación anual, mientras que 226 nidos fue el mínimo, el 20.8% de los nidos fueron relocalizados en los viveros. El promedio de la longitud curva del caparazón de las hembras fue de 154.65 cm y el promedio del ancho curvo del caparazón fue de 112.83 cm. Las observaciones mostraron que el promedio de huevos normales para este periodo fue de 79.28, mientras que el promedio de huevos vanos fue de 35. La recolección ilegal de huevos, la basura sobre la playa y la erosión intensiva son parte de los problemas más importantes que están causando el declive de las tortugas en Gandoca.The nesting of the leatherback sea turtle was studied in Gandoca Beach, an important nesting beach on the southeastern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, in the Gandoca/Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge. Nesting was recorded from 1990 to 1997 (each February through July. Nesting peaked in April and May (depending on the year; 16 biological paramenters were recorded and part of the rookery was tagged with monel tags. During this period 1 045 females were studied and 3 484 nests were recorded; 534 nests was the yearly mean, (range 226-1 135, 20.8 % of the nests were relocated to hatcheries, as a conservation effort to prevent loss of nests. Mean curve carapace length was 154.65 cm and width 112.83 cm. Mean normal number of eggs

  16. Influence of land use on metal concentrations in playa sediments and amphibians in the Southern High Plains

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Venne, Louise S. [Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, MS 1163, Lubbock, TX 79409 (United States)]. E-mail: louise.venne@tiehh.ttu.edu; Cobb, George P. [Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, MS 1163, Lubbock, TX 79409 (United States); Coimbatore, Gopal [Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, MS 1163, Lubbock, TX 79409 (United States); Smith, Loren M. [Wildlife and Fisheries Management Institute, Texas Tech University, MS 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 (United States); McMurry, Scott T. [Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, MS 1163, Lubbock, TX 79409 (United States)

    2006-11-15

    The Southern High Plains (SHP) is a semi-arid region in which playa wetlands are the focal points of biodiversity. Playas are highly influenced by surrounding land use. Most of the SHP is in agricultural production (primarily cotton) with a history of arsenic-containing herbicide use. Metals influence reproduction and development in amphibians. We analyzed metal residues in playa sediment and whole body tissue of Spea spp. and Bufo cognatus metamorphs from two land uses: cropland and native grassland. Cd and Ni concentrations in B. cognatus tissues differed between land uses. Metal concentrations in Spea spp. tissues did not differ between land uses. Ba was higher in Spea spp. than B. cognatus collected from the same grassland playas, indicating differential habitat use. No correlations between sediment and tissue concentrations were found. Land use appeared to have little influence on metal concentrations and levels were below those known to cause effects in amphibians. - Land use surrounding playas has little effect on metal concentrations in sediments.

  17. Modeling sediment accumulation in North American playa wetlands in response to climate change, 1940-2100

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burris, Lucy; Skagen, Susan K.

    2013-01-01

    Playa wetlands on the west-central Great Plains of North America are vulnerable to sediment infilling from upland agriculture, putting at risk several important ecosystem services as well as essential habitats and food resources of diverse wetland-dependent biota. Climate predictions for this semi-arid area indicate reduced precipitation which may alter rates of erosion, runoff, and sedimentation of playas. We forecasted erosion rates, sediment depths, and resultant playa wetland depths across the west-central Great Plains and examined the relative roles of land use context and projected changes in precipitation in the sedimentation process. We estimated erosion with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) using historic values and downscaled precipitation predictions from three general circulation models and three emissions scenarios. We calibrated RUSLE results using field sediment measurements. RUSLE is appealing for regional scale modeling because it uses climate forecasts with monthly resolution and other widely available values including soil texture, slope and land use. Sediment accumulation rates will continue near historic levels through 2070 and will be sufficient to cause most playas (if not already filled) to fill with sediment within the next 100 years in the absence of mitigation. Land use surrounding the playa, whether grassland or tilled cropland, is more influential in sediment accumulation than climate-driven precipitation change.

  18. The impact of climate and composition on playa surface roughness: Investigation of atmospheric mineral dust emission mechanisms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tollerud, H. J.; Fantle, M. S.

    2011-12-01

    Atmospheric mineral dust has a wide range of impacts, including the transport of elements in geochemical cycles, health hazards from small particles, and climate forcing via the reflection of sunlight from dust particles. In particular, the mineral dust component of climate forcing is one of the most uncertain elements in the IPCC climate forcing summary. Mineral dust is also an important component of geochemical cycles. For instance, dust inputs to the ocean potentially affect the iron cycle by stimulating natural iron fertilization, which could then modify climate via the biological pump. Also dust can transport nutrients over long distances and fertilize nutrient-poor regions, such as island ecosystems or the Amazon rain forest. However, there are still many uncertainties in quantifying dust emissions from source regions. One factor that influences dust emission is surface roughness and texture, since a weak, unconsolidated surface texture is more easily ablated by wind than a strong, hard crust. We are investigating the impact of processes such as precipitation, groundwater evaporation, and wind on surface roughness in a playa dust source region. We find that water has a significant influence on surface roughness. We utilize ESA's Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument to measure roughness in the playa. A map of roughness indicates where the playa surface is smooth (on the scale of centimeters) and potentially very strong, and where it is rough and might be more sensitive to disturbance. We have analyzed approximately 40 ASAR observations of the Black Rock Desert from 2007-2011. In general, the playa is smoother and more variable over time relative to nearby areas. There is also considerable variation within the playa. While the playa roughness maps changed significantly between summers and between observations during the winters, over the course of each summer, the playa surface maintained essentially the same roughness pattern. This suggests that

  19. A ‘política do lugar’: a Comuna afrodescendente Playa de Oro, Esmeraldas - Equador

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    Janaina Lobo

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The ‘politics of the place’: the Playa de Oro Afro Commune, Esmeraldas - Ecuador Abstract The article deals with the territorial arrangements of the Playa de Oro Afro Commune, located in Esmeraldas, near the Colombian-Ecuadorian border. Located on the banks of the Rio Santiago, in the limits of the Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve, Playa de Oro has emblematic paradigms in land management, which point to other cultural models about ‘nature’, its uses and reserves. Through a reflection on the “prospects of inhabiting”, the goal is understanding the ecology of life, which deals with these crucial processes of historical commitment to the landscape. This proposal seeks to understand the conceptual frameworks operated by the local inhabitants in the land management, translated into a an active political ecology. These efforts are significant to comprehend the processes performed by the Playa de Oro inhabitants to reverse the invisibilization logic of the Afro-descendants in Latin America and restrain the usurpation of their natural resources.

  20. Tipos de tiempo para el turismo de sol y playa en el litoral alicantino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martínez Ibarra, Emilio

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available In this article the author proposes a series of weather types, with the purpose of evaluating the climatic-tourist potencial for the tourism of sun and beach in the coast of Alicante. The method, analysis of the frequency of the density of use of the practice the suntan and swin, the type of consulted source (webcam images, as well as the diversity of distinguished types, make of this work a novel contribution, in a branch of the knowledge relatively little cultivated although emergent: the Tourist Climatology.

    En el presente trabajo se proponen una serie de tipos de tiempo, con la finalidad de evaluar el potencial climático-turístico para el turismo de sol y playa en el litoral alicantino. El método, análisis de la frecuentación de la densidad de uso de la práctica del bronceado y baño, el medio a partir del cual se ha obtenido la información (imágenes webcam, así como la diversidad de tipos distinguidos, hacen de este trabajo una aportación novedosa, en una rama del conocimiento relativamente poco cultivada aunque emergente: la Climatología Turística.

  1. Investigationof Clay Mineralogy, Micromorphology and Evolution of Soils in Bajestan Playa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Ghasemzadeh Ganjehie

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Playa is one of the most important landscapes in arid regions which covers about 1% of the world's total land area. Study of playas is important from different points of view especially pedology, sedimentology, mineralogy, environmental geology, groundwater and surface water chemistry. More than 60 playas have been identified in Iran. Considering the fact that playas and surrounding landforms are important archive of landscape evolution and paleoenvironmental variations, it seems that less attention has been paid to them so far. Soils are known as indicators of the landscapes evolution. Previous studies in arid regions of Iran imply different periods of deposition and soil formation in playa and alluvial fans or pediments. Bajestan playa is one of the known playa in northeastern Iran, and the largest clay flat exists in this playa. There is no information on the soils and their evolution in Bajestan playa. The objective of this study were to 1 identify the soils in different landforms along a transect from alluvial fan to clay in Bajestan playa 2 determine the morphological, micromorphological and mineralogical characteristics of these soils 3 determine the periods of soil and landform evolution and 4 comparison of soils evolution of the study area to other arid regions of Iran. Material and Methods: The study area of approximately 20000 hectares is located in southeastern of KhorasanRazavi province. The climate of the study area is hot and dry with mean annual temperature and rainfall of 17.3 °C and 193 mm, respectively. Soil moisture regime is aridic with subdivisions of weak aridic and soil temperature regime is thermic. Firstly, landforms and geomorphic surfaces of the study area were recognized based on Google Earth images interpretations and field observations. Four main landforms were recognized in the study area. The landforms from north to the south of the study area were alluvial fan, intermediate alluvial fan- clay flat

  2. Uso de colifagos somáticos como indicadores de contaminación fecal en playas de “la Costa Verde”, Lima–Perú

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    Hinsby Cadillo Quiroz

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de los colifagos somáticos como indicadores de contaminación fecal en aguas recreacionales marinas. Los colifagos somáticos fueron cuantificados en 140 muestras provenientes de 5 playas del circuito de la “Costa Verde”, Lima, y correlacionados con los indicadores de contaminación fecal convencionales (Coliformes fecales, E. coli y Enterococos. Los colifagos fueron determinados por el método de “capa simple” previa aplicación de la técnica modificada de “filtración de la muestra” y utilizando a E. coli ATCC 13706 como cepa hospedero. Los Coliformes fecales (CF, E. coli (EC y Enterococos (EN fueron cuantificados por el método del Número Más Probable (NMP. Para efectos de análisis estadístico se consideró niveles de contaminación fecal en función de valores arbitrarios de <1000 CF/100 mL (“baja contaminación” y >1000 CF/100 mL (“alta contaminación”. Las playas evaluadas presentaron niveles de contaminación fecal de <3 a 2,4 x 105 CF y EC y <3 a 2,4 x 104 EN. En las muestras con “baja contaminación” fecal, el 32% de los recuentos de los colifagos fueron mayores que los de CF y EC; miemtras que en las muestras con “alta contaminación” ningún recuento de colifagos superó a los de CF o EC. Por otro lado, de acuerdo al análisis estadístico de componentes principales los colifagos y Enterococos fueron los mejores indicadores de contaminación fecal en las playas evaluadas. Asimismo, se determinó correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre colifagos, CF y EC; siendo mayor en muestras con alta contaminación (r = 0,89 que en aquellas con baja contaminación (r = 0,43. Mediante la cuantificación de colifagos en las muestras evaluadas se determinó estadísticamente el valor de 115 UFP/100 mL como criterio calificativo de balneabilidad para las playas de la zona evaluada. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados los colifagos som

  3. La cartografía bibliográfica y la memoria emblemática Playa Ancha, Valparaíso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marjorie Andrea Mardones Leiva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio propone un análisis para el estudio de la memoria emblemática del territorio de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, basándose en una revisión bibliográfica situada. Su objetivo principal es reconocer los discursos que han colaborado en la construcción, articulación y cristalización del imaginario social de la localidad a partir de su producción bibliográfica: temáticas recurrentes, agentes discursivos oficiales y disidentes, prácticas sociales, entre otros. Esta investigación pone en crisis la tendencia de los estudios bibliométricos actuales que se han dedicado principalmente al análisis de información para entidades educacionales o de producción científica nacional, dejando atrás aspectos tan importantes como es el espacio, tiempo, lugar (Sousa-Santos, 1991 y su relación con el día a día del ciudadano. Para representar los resultados del estudio, se han utilizado gráficos y cartografías, destacando la relación entre territorio y bibliografía.

  4. Acompañamiento para la permanencia en la educación superior de estudiantes de la universidad de playa ancha durante el 1er semestre de 2017

    OpenAIRE

    Aguilera, Juan Patricio; Vera, Montserrat Rodríguez; Salfate, Susana Parrao; Videla, Alesia Monteverde

    2017-01-01

    Tras la implementación del Programa de Acompañamiento y Acceso Efectivo a la Educación Superior en la Universidad de Playa Ancha de Valparaíso en Chile, ha quedado en evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer el acompañamiento a los estudiantes con el fin de evitar su deserción estudiantil, fenómeno que afecta a 3 de cada 10 estudiantes que ingresan a la educación superior (SIES, 2014). En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar la propuesta de acompañamiento para la permanenc...

  5. Calidad del agua de mar y su conocimiento por turistas nacionales: el caso de tres municipios costeros del estado de Nayarit, México.

    OpenAIRE

    Antonio Romualdo Márquez González; Sara Rubí Tovar Hernández; Verónica Alejandra Mondragón Jaimes

    2017-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo es saber si los turistas nacionales conocen la calidad bacteriológica del agua de mar de los sitios que visitaban en los municipios de San Blas, Compostela y Bahía de Banderas del estado de Nayarit. El estar oportunamente informados de los comunicados que emiten las autoridades ambientales y de salud, sobre la calidad del agua de mar de los principales destinos de playa y que podría representar una herramienta de suma importancia para planear el desplazamiento para...

  6. Calidad del agua de mar y su conocimiento por turistas nacionales: el caso de tres municipios costeros del estado de Nayarit, México.

    OpenAIRE

    Márquez González, Antonio Romualdo; Tovar Hernández, Sara Rubí; Mondragón Jaimes, Verónica Alejandra

    2017-01-01

    Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es saber si los turistas nacionales conocen la calidad bacteriológica del agua de mar de los sitios que visitaban en los municipios de San Blas, Compostela y Bahía de Banderas del estado de Nayarit. El estar oportunamente informados de los comunicados que emiten las autoridades ambientales y de salud, sobre la calidad del agua de mar de los principales destinos de playa y que podría representar una herramienta de suma importancia para planear el desplazamie...

  7. Patrones de distribución y tasas de bioerosión del erizo Centrostephanus coronatus (Diadematoida: Diadematidae, en el arrecife de Playa Blanca, Pacífico colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Toro-Farmer

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available Los erizos regulares son uno de los principales grupos de organismos bioerosionadores que destruyen los arrecifes coralinos alrededor del mundo. En el presente estudio se determinaron los patrones de distribución y abundancia y las tasas de carbonato de calcio removido en el arrecife de Playa Blanca por Centrostephanus coronatus, una de las especies de erizos más abundante en este arrecife. Para este fin se realizaron cuatro visitas al arrecife entre 1997 y 1998 durante las cuales se contabilizó el número de individuos en cada una de las principales zonas arrecifales (Trasarrecife, Plataforma-Cresta, Frente, y Talud. Las tasas de erosión fueron determinadas por medio del análisis del contenido estomacal de un número representativo de individuos colectados en cada zona. Cada sistema digestivo fue calcinado para eliminar la materia orgánica y conservar solamente la porción inorgánica de carbonato de calcio. C. coronatus presentó sus mayores densidades hacia las zonas centrales del arrecife (12.4 ind/m² ; rango 0-48 ind/m² . La tasa de bioerosión promedio más alta de C. coronatus fue de 0.103 kgCaCo3 /m² /año en la Plataforma-Cresta (rango 0 a 0.69 kgCaCo3 /m² /año. En las otras zonas (trasarrecife y frente las tasas promedio de erosión fueron 0.071 (0-0.39 y 0.052 (0-0.31 kgCaCo3 /m² /año respectivamente. De acuerdo con estos datos fue posible comprobar que la destrucción de esqueletos de corales en este arrecife por esta especie de erizo es baja, comparada con la acción abrasionadora de este tipo de organismos en otras partes del mundo. Sin embargo, la acción combinada de C. coronatus con otros organismos bioerosionadores y con algunos factores ambientales adversos para los corales, puede estar provocando un desbalance entre los procesos normales de contrucción-destrucción arrecifal en la Isla GorgonaRegular sea-urchins are one of the main bioeroding organisms affecting coral reefs around the world. The abundance

  8. Temporal Dynamics of Sodic Playa Salt Crust Patterns: Implications for Aeolian Dust Emission Potential

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nield, J. M.; King, J.; Bryant, R. G.; Wiggs, G.; Eckardt, F. D.; Thomas, D. S.; Washington, R.

    2013-12-01

    Salt pans (or playas) are common in arid environments and can be major sources of windblown mineral dust, but there are uncertainties associated with their dust emission potential. These landforms typically form crusts which modify both their erosivity and erodibility by limiting sediment availability, modifying surface and aerodynamic roughness and limiting evaporation rates and sediment production. Here we show the relationship between seasonal surface moisture change and crust pattern development based on both remote-sensing and field surface and atmospheric measurements. We use high resolution (sub-cm) terrestrial laser scanning (TLS; ground-based lidar) surveys over weekly, monthly and annual timescales to accurately characterise crustal ridge thrusting and collapse. This can be as much as 2 mm/day on fresh pan areas that have recently been reset by flooding. Over a two month period, this ridge growth can change aerodynamic roughness length values by 6.5 mm. At the same time, crack densities across the surface increase and this raises the availability of erodible fluffy, low density dust source sediment stored below the crust layer. Ridge spaces are defined in the early stages of crust development, as identified by Fourier Transform analysis, but wider wavelengths become more pronounced over time. We present a conceptual model accounting for the driving forces (subsurface, surface and atmospheric moisture) and feedbacks between these and surface shape that lead to crust pattern trajectories between highly emissive degraded surfaces and less emissive ridged or continuous crusts. These findings improve our understanding of temporal changes in dust availability and supply from playa source regions.

  9. Algal wrack deposits and macroinfaunal arthropods on sandy beaches of the Chilean coast Depósitos de algas varadas y artrópodos macroinfaunales en playas de arena de la costa de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    EDUARDO JARAMILLO

    2006-09-01

    implications for sampling design of sandy beaches characterized by high inputs of algal wrack depositsSe muestrearon cuatro playas arenosas del litoral chileno durante el verano de 2000, para estudiar el rol de depósitos de algas varadas sobre las abundancias de las poblaciones de tres especies detritívoras de la macroinfauna que habita los niveles intermareales superiores de estas playas: el anfípodo talítrido Orchestoidea tuberculata Nicolet, el isópodo tílido Tylos spinulosus Dana y el insecto tenebriónido Phalerisidia maculata Kulzer. Las playas estudiadas fueron Apolillado (ca. 29º S, Quidico (ca. 38º S, Guabún y Mar Brava (ca. 42º S. Se recolectaron muestras replicadas con un cilindro plástico (25 cm de diámetro de los depósitos de algas, incluyendo el sedimento situado por debajo de los mismos y de zonas de la playa próximas a los acúmulos de algas pero carentes de las mismas. Las muestras se recolectaron en dos niveles de la playa, uno más próximo a la orilla con acúmulos de algas frescas y otro en la zona superior de la playa con algas secas. Los depósitos de algas varadas estuvieron compuestos principalmente por las algas pardas Macrocystis pyrifera (L., Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso Hariot y Lessonia nigrescens Bory. O. tuberculata fue encontrada en los depósitos de algas y zonas de la playa cercanas a los mismos y estudiados en Apolillado, Quidico, Guabún y Mar Brava. Por otro lado, T. spinulosus fue recolectada solo en Apolillado, mientras que P. maculata ocurrió en los depósitos de algas y zonas de la playa cercanas a los mismos y analizados en Apolillado, Quidico y Guabún. En general, las abundancias medias de las tres especies fueron significativamente más altas en aquellas muestras recolectadas de los depósitos de algas y sedimentos subyacentes; i.e., 56, 61 y 14 veces más altas (promedios totales que en arenas sin restos de algas. Se concluye que las algas varadas sobre la superficie de la playa promueven un incremento de las

  10. Biología pesquera de la langosta Panulirus gracilis en Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helven Naranjo Madrigal

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Los parámetros biológicos y pesqueros analizados se fundamentaron en una muestra de 843 langostas provenientes de la actividad pesquera realizada en Playa Lagarto entre noviembre del 2007 y octubre del 2008. Las longitudes cefalotoráxicas de los machos estuvo comprendida entre los 143.6 y 42.8 y 115 y 35.8mm para hembras. El 74.9% de las langostas en los desembarques estuvo por debajo de la talla mínima legal de captura (80 mm de LC. La estructura de tallas muestra un considerable solapamiento de segmentos poblacionales y el incremento de las tallas con la profundidad en donde operan las dos modalidades de pesca estudiadas: el buceo a pulmón y el buceo con compresor. La proporción de sexos obtenida fue de 1.36 M:H. La relación entre LC y peso reveló que las hembras pesan más que los machos de una misma talla y que esta diferencia fue significativa (pBiology and fishery of the lobster Panulirus gracilis in Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Panulirus gracilis is a high valuable lobster species with considerable captures along the tropical Pacific coast. In this study, I present some biological and fishery parameters described after a sample of 843 lobsters, landed in Playa Lagarto from November 2007 to October 2008. From landing records, a total of 74.9% of lobsters were below the minimum legal catch size (80mm CL. Carapace lengths were in the range of 42.8 and 143.6mm for males and 115 and 35.8mm for females. The size structure showed a wide overlapping of population segments, and a trend to increase with depth, where lung diving and “hooka” diving operations take place. Sex ratio was 1.36 M:H. The relationship between weight and LC revealed that females are heavier than males of the same size, and this difference was significant (p<0.05. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for males and females respectively (K=0.45-0.38, LC∞=166.9-121.7 showed accelerated growth compared to other species. Males observed a higher growth rate

  11. Análisis del éxito de incubación de la tortuga lora (Lepidochelys olivacea) en función del manejo de los nidos. Península de Osa, Costa Rica

    OpenAIRE

    Malmierca Pérez, Atenea

    2018-01-01

    En este trabajo de final de grado se expone un análisis del éxito de incubación (éxito de eclosión y éxito de emergencia) de la tortuga lora (Lepidochelys olivacea) en las playas Carate y La Leona (Península de Osa, Costa Rica), según los diferentes métodos de manejo de nidos realizados (nidos in situ, nidos reubicados en playa y nidos reubicados en el vivero). El objetivo principal de este trabajo es ver si tanto el manejo de los nidos, como la temperatura de la arena y el recubrimiento h...

  12. Geohydrology and evapotranspiration at Franklin Lake Playa, Inyo County, California

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1990-12-01

    Franklin Lake playa is one of the principal discharge areas of the Furnace Creek Ranch-Alkali Flat ground-water-flow system in southern Nevada and adjacent California. Yucca Mountain, Nevada, located within this flow system, is being evaluated by the US Department of Energy to determine its suitability as a potential site for a high-level nuclear-waste repository. To assist the US Department of Energy with its evaluation of the Yucca Mountain site, the US Geological Survey developed a parameter-estimation model of the Furnace Creek Ranch-Alkali Flat ground-water-flow system. Results from sensitivity analyses made using the parameter-estimation model indicated that simulated rates of evapotranspiration at Franklin Lake playa had the largest effect on the calculation of transmissivity values at Yucca Mountain of all the model-boundary conditions and, therefore, that evapotranspiration required careful definition. 72 refs., 59 figs., 26 tab.

  13. Geohydrology and evapotranspiration at Franklin Lake Playa, Inyo County, California

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1990-01-01

    Franklin Lake playa is one of the principal discharge areas of the Furnace Creek Ranch-Alkali Flat ground-water-flow system in southern Nevada and adjacent California. Yucca Mountain, Nevada, located within this flow system, is being evaluated by the US Department of Energy to determine its suitability as a potential site for a high-level nuclear-waste repository. To assist the US Department of Energy with its evaluation of the Yucca Mountain site, the US Geological Survey developed a parameter-estimation model of the Furnace Creek Ranch-Alkali Flat ground-water-flow system. Results from sensitivity analyses made using the parameter-estimation model indicated that simulated rates of evapotranspiration at Franklin Lake playa had the largest effect on the calculation of transmissivity values at Yucca Mountain of all the model-boundary conditions and, therefore, that evapotranspiration required careful definition. 72 refs., 59 figs., 26 tab

  14. Distribución espacio-temporal de la meiofauna béntica en cuatro playas del Litoral Norte de la Habana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helder Alfonso Pérez

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar la distribución espacio-temporal de la meiofauna béntica en la zona sublitoral del norte de la Habana, se realizaron muestreos mensuales en cuatro playas, dos al W de la ciudad (Santa Fe y La Concha y dos al E (Mar Azul y Canasí, desde marzo del 2003 hasta febrero del 2004. Se mantuvo constante la profundidad de muestreo, biotopo y tipo de sedimento, observándose la relación con la salinidad en la columna de agua e intersticial. Para determinar la afinidad entre estaciones se realizó un análisis MDS y para establecer diferencias significativas entre éstas a nivel espacial ó temporal se realizó un análisis de similitud ANOSIM. Las densidades medias más altas se obtuvieron en Santa Fe (7 133. 48 ind/10 cm² y las más bajas en Canasí (892.12 ind/10 cm². Se registraron un total de 13 táxones en todas las áreas estudiadas, siendo los nemátodos de vida libre los organismos dominantes en las estaciones de Santa Fe y Mar Azul, y los copépodos los dominantes en La Concha y Canasí. Se detectaron dos picos de abundancia para los nemátodos y los copépodos durante el período de estudio, así como diferencias significativas entre las estaciones muestreadas, agrupándose así: Santa Fe - La Concha y Mar Azul - Canasí.Temporal spatial distribution of benthic meiofauna in four beaches of the northern Havana shore. The temporal-spatial distribution of benthic meiofauna was evaluated in four beaches at the north coast of Havana, Cuba, from March 2003 to February 2004. We studied two urban beaches (Santa Fe and La Concha and two tourist beaches (Mar Azul and Canasí. Monthly meiofauna samplings were taken by scuba-diving using with a syringe (inner diameter 2.5 cm, and physico-chemical parameters (grain size, interstitial salinity and water column salinity were recorded with standard equipment. Statistical analysis (MDS and ANOSIM were performed. Depth and biotope kind were the same in the four beaches. Highest

  15. El turismo de naturaleza en espacios naturales. El caso del parque regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar

    OpenAIRE

    Ballesteros Pelegrín, Gustavo Alfonso

    2014-01-01

    Los espacios naturales atraen a turistas que buscan el contacto con la naturaleza, surgiendo nuevos productos turísticos. Surgen, de este modo, nuevos productos turísticos. En la oferta de turismo de naturaleza del Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar destaca: deportes en la naturaleza, aventura y ecoturismo. Este último se divide en: turismo ornitológico y fotográfico, que junto al tradicional de sol y playa y de salud, se ve favorecido por su situación geográfi...

  16. Desarrollo de un drive para motores paso a paso y aplicación del filtro de Kalman para el sistema de colimación del LHC = Development of a stepper motor drive and Kalman Filter application for the LHC collimation system

    OpenAIRE

    Picatoste Ruilope, Ricardo

    2010-01-01

    Este proyecto describe el trabajo realizado durante 14 meses en una estancia en prácticas para estudiantes del CERN. El trabajo consiste en el desarrollo, implementación y testeo de un drive para motores paso a paso que se utilizará en el sistema de colimación del LHC. Se propone así mismo la utilización del filtro de Kalman para obtener una estimación del ángulo, desarrollandose una implementación del mismo aplicable en tiempo real.

  17. Depositional and diagenetic processes of Qa Khanna playa, North Jordan basaltic plateau, Jordan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Howari, F. M.; Banat, K. M.; Abu-Salha, Y. A.

    2010-09-01

    The present study explored mineral occurrences and sediment characteristics of playas from northern Jordan and explained depositional and diagenetic processes as reflected from bulk chemistry and sedimentary structures. Mudcracks of different sizes and shape patterns, laminations, intersediment vesicles, and bioturbation pipes are the main sedimentary structures. Plagioclase, olivine, orthopyroxene, nepheline and other opaque minerals are all of detrital origin, and are derived from the basaltic bedrocks surrounding the studied playa. Evaporites are very rare; they are represented only by trace amounts of gypsum. The identified clay minerals in the clay fraction of the studied sediments, arranged according to their decreasing abundances are palygorskite, illite, kaolinite, smectite and chlorite. The elemental abundances were tied to clay, CaCO 3 and nearby igneous rocks. The type of clay minerals, the high pH values of the studied sediments, and the considerable incorporation of Mg and K in palygorskite and illite respectively, may strongly reflect a high evaporative and alkaline environment under arid to semi-arid conditions in an ephemeral lake of the Qa Khanna. Concentrations and distributions of both major and trace elements are essentially controlled by the clay mineralogy and the calcium carbonate content; Ca is mainly incorporated in the CaCO 3, which is either generated authigenically or by aeolian deposition. Fe and K are incorporated and fixed by illite under an evaporative and alkaline environment. Mg is incorporated in palygorskite while Mn is adsorbed on various clay minerals. Sr substitutes for Ca in the aeolian CaCO 3 and its presence in the studied sediments is independent of the prevailing conditions during the playa evolution. Rb substitutes for K in illite under the prevailing chemical conditions in the studied playa.

  18. Invertebrados asociados al coral constructor de arrecifes Pocillopora damicornis en Playa Blanca, Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica Invertebrates associated with the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis at Playa Blanca, Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan José Alvarado

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Los arrecifes coralinos son uno de los ecosistemas más diversos en el planeta, tanto por los organismos constructores como por aquellos que viven encima, sobre, dentro y debajo de ellos. Los corales del genero Pocillopora son reconocidos mundialmente por albergar una importante fauna de invertebrados entre sus ramas, los cuales son considerados como simbiontes obligatorios en una gran cantidad de casos. La presente investigación describe la fauna de invertebrados asociados al coral Pocillopora damicornis en Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica, describiendo sus densidades, frecuencias, riquezas y diversidades a través del tiempo. Para esto se colectaron 5 colonias cada 3-4 meses en Playa Blanca, Bahía Culebra. En total se encontraron 448 individuos en 35 especies, siendo Harpiliopsis depressa, Lithophaga aristata, Trapezia ferruginea, Alpheus lottini, Fennera chacei, y Petrolisthes haigae las especies predominantes. Noviembre fue el mes en el que se encontraron los mayores valores en los índices de riqueza, diversidad y diferenciación taxonómica, mientras que agosto fue el que presento los valores más bajos de todos. En términos generales, la época lluviosa mostro mayor riqueza de especies que la época seca. Así mismo, las especies colectados y los valores obtenidos son muy similares a otras zonas del Pacifico Oriental Tropical. Culebra ha venido sufriendo una perdida en la cobertura coralina, que podría tener consecuencias en la diversidad y abundancia de organismos asociados a corales. Estas consecuencias incluyen perdida en la fecundidad de estos organismos, una reducción en su función como limpiadores y protectores de depredadores del coral, poniendo en riesgo su diversidad, lo que puede afectar los stocks de peces depredadores que depende de ellos. Realizar monitoreos permanentes de la criptofauna asociada al coral Pocillopora va a ser determinante para cuantificar perdidas o recuperaciones en la composición de invertebrados asociados

  19. Hydrogeological behaviour of the Fuente-de-Piedra playa lake and tectonic origin of its basin (Malaga, southern Spain)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Miguel; Martos-Rosillo, Sergio; Pedrera, Antonio

    2016-12-01

    Changes in the quantity of groundwater input due to water extraction for irrigation and urban supply has modified the water balance in the Fuente de Piedra playa lake. We have analysed the hydrogeology of the playa-lake system and developed a water-level model by means of a simple long-term water balance and piezometric analysis. In addition, a tectonic model is proposed to explain the endorheic basin development that led to the formation of the playa. Upright folds developed since the late Miocene and density-driven subsidence favoured the setting-up of and endorheic system located between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean basins in the Quaternary. The underlying low permeability rocks beneath the playa form a very stable aquitard with highly saline groundwater that prevents groundwater recharge of the lake into the aquitard. The hydrological modelling allowed us to simulate the evolution of the wáter level under a scenario of unaltered conditions during a 13-year period, showing that the percentage of days with dry conditions varies from 24.8% of the time under altered conditions to 14.9% as far as an unaltered scenario is concerned.

  20. Visible and near-infrared (0.4-2.5 μm) reflectance spectra of playa evaporite minerals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crowley, James K.

    1991-01-01

    Visible and near-infrared (VNIR; 0.4–2.4 μm) reflectance spectra were recorded for 35 saline minerals that represent the wide range of mineral and brine chemical compositions found in playa evaporite settings. The spectra show that many of the saline minerals exhibit diagnostic near-infrared absorption bands, chiefly attributable to vibrations of hydrogen-bonded structural water molecules. VNIR reflectance spectra can be used to detect minor hydrate phases present in mixtures dominated by anhydrous halite or thenardite, and therefore will be useful in combination with X ray diffraction data for characterizing natural saline mineral assemblages. In addition, VNIR reflectance spectra are sensitive to differences in sample hydration state and should facilitate in situ studies of minerals that occur as fragile, transitory dehydration products in natural salt crusts. The use of spectral reflectance measurements in playa studies should aid in mapping evaporite mineral distributions and may provide insight into the geochemical and hydrological controls on playa mineral and brine development.

  1. La dispensarización en el policlínico universitario docente de Playa un año después de la reorganización Dispensarization in the "Playa" teaching and university polyclinic after one year of the reorganization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Antonio Cuesta Mejías

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: aunque concebida originalmente en la antigua Unión Soviética, la dispensarización en nuestro país se llegó a constituir, junto con el Análisis de la Situación de Salud, en elementos fundamentales de la medicina familiar, en otras palabras, en la organización del trabajo del Médico de Familia. Objetivos: determinar la situación de la dispensarización a un año de haberse implementado la reorganización de nuestros consultorios de medicina familiar. Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de una muestra tomada al azar, 400 de las historias clínicas individuales del total de pacientes dispensarizados con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en los 9 consultorios del Médico y Enfermera de Familia del Policlínico Universitario Docente de Playa. Se revisaron igualmente las historias de salud familiar de los pacientes cuyas historias individuales seleccionamos. Se obtuvo también información de los registros del Departamento de Estadísticas del propio policlínico, con relación a la actividad realizada por los equipos básicos de salud en consulta y en terreno en el mes de enero del presente año. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes pertenecen a los grupos de edades por encima de los 50 años, igualmente al sexo femenino y sufren de una sola enfermedad crónica. La hipertensión arterial es la enfermedad crónica que más los afecta, seguida de la diabetes mellitus. El 40 % de los pacientes no ha recibido control, y el 81 % de los pacientes ha sido consultado, ambas situaciones en el último año. Conclusiones: la dispensarización ha mejorado, pero se mantiene presentando un grupo importante de insuficiencias. La reorganización ofrece un potencial aún sin explotar para garantizar una mejor e integral atención médica a nuestra población.Introduction: although originally conceived in the former Soviet Union, the dispensarization in our country was implemented together with the

  2. NESTING HABITAT OF THE ‘CUPISO’ Podocnemis sextuberculata (TESTUDINES: PODOCNEMIDIDAE IN EREPECU LAKE (PARÁ-BRAZIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lucia Bermúdez Romero

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to identify and describe the nesting habitat of Podocnemis sextuberculata at Erepecu Lake, Trombetas River Biological Reserve, (REBIO-Trombetas; Pará-Brazil. Initially, the main features of the beaches that potentially determine the habitat selection by cupiso for nesting were described. The nests observed on the beaches were recorded, marked and fenced as protection from natural predators. Information regarding date and location was analyzed with simple linear regression for each nest in order to determine relationships between beach features and number of nests. The results showed a positive co-relationship between number of nests and area. Nest site selection by P. sextuberculata in the beaches of the Erepecu Lake could depend on trade-off scenarios among natural threats and a suitable nesting habitat. We also suggest that, due to the high annual hydrologic oscillations on the beaches, it is possible that the driving factor for habitat selection would be the risks that the species is exposed to at the time of the search for a nesting site, rather than seeking a particular habitat type.    RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y explicar la influencia del hábitat sobre los nidos de la tortuga “cupiso” (Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849, en el lago Erepecu ubicado en la Reserva Biológica del Río Trombetas (REBIO-Trombetas; Pará-Brasil. Inicialmente se describieron las principales características de las playas escogidas, los nidos encontrados fueron marcados y cercados para su protección contra la depredación natural. A través de regresiones lineales simples se determinó que el número de nidos por playa se correlacionó significativamente con el “área” de las playas.  Los resultados muestran que la selección del lugar de nidificación en las playas del lago Erepecu por P. sextuberculata, podría depender en unos escenarios de compensación entre las amenazas naturales y un

  3. Paleoclimatology of Upper Triassic Playa Cycles. New Insights Into an Orbital Controlled Monsoon System (Norian, German Basin)

    OpenAIRE

    Vollmer, Thorsten

    2005-01-01

    Paleoclimatology of Upper Triassic Playa Cycles: New Insights Into an Orbital Controlled Monsoon System (Norian, German Basin) Abstract The main purpose of the project was to study the rhythmic sediments of the Steinmergel Keuper playa system in the North and South German basin in order to test the hypothesis of possible climate control on sedimentation. Furthermore, in case of there being orbital control on sedimentation, the North/South correlation was tested based on high-resolution cyclos...

  4. Las Cucharas y Leticia: dos sitios arqueológicos tardíos en el Canal del Dique. Avance de investigación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Rocío Carvajal Contreras

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available La información de este artículo provino del proyecto de investigación en curso “Evaluación Zooarqueológica de concheros cercanos al Canal del Dique, Fase Inicial”. Se procedió a la ubicación de los puntos identificados por Macchi en 1998, registrando dos sitios con materiales posteriores al Formativo: las Cucharas y Leticia. Las evidencias se asociaron a fechas entre los siglos XIII a XIX. Uno de ellos tal vez esté relacionado con las actividades de reapertura del Canal bajo la dirección de G.M. Totten. Por otro lado, los taxones de moluscos indicaron que las personas que habitaban en los sitios arqueológicos, principalmente Leticia, se desenvolvían en un ambiente costero con diversos hábitats de playa arenosas, playas fangosas, manglar, zonas rocosas y de alta energía, zonas intermareales o hábitats de arena-cascajo, fondo mixto, pradera de pastos, y pradera de macroalga.

  5. Consolidación de un destino turístico: Ibiza a finales del siglo XX

    OpenAIRE

    Cardona, José Ramón; Jiménez Caballero, José Luis (Coordinador)

    2016-01-01

    Ibiza es un destino turístico del Mediterráneo conocido internacionalmente por su oferta de sol y playa, sus discotecas y por la presencia de hippies en el pasado. Desde finales de los cincuenta hasta los setenta, la isla vivió un rápido crecimiento del sector turístico que tuvo impacto en los medios de comunicación. A finales de los setenta aparecieron grupos ecologistas, protestas solicitando frenar el deterioro de la isla y grupos críticos con las consecuencias del turi...

  6. Evaluación de los efectos agudos en la función pulmonar por exposición a material particulado fino (MP 2.5) en niños que viven próximos a una playa contaminada con relaciones mineros, Chañaral, Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Cáceres Lillo, Dante Daniel

    2015-01-01

    Introducción: Producto de la gran actividad minera de la III Región de Atacama en el norte de Chile se vertieron al curso del rio El Salado millones de toneladas de relaves (con alto contenido de metales) sin tratamiento al curso del Rio Salado, los que fueron a dar a la bahía de la ciudad de Chañaral formando una extensa playa artificial. Estos relaves han producido un marcado efecto deletéreo sobre la flora y fauna marina del sector y en la calidad de vida de las poblaciones que...

  7. Evaluación de los efectos agudos en la función pulmonar por exposición a material particulado fino (MP 2.5) en niños que viven próximos a una playa masivamente contaminada con relaves mineros, Chañaral, Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Cáceres Lillo, Dante Daniel

    2015-01-01

    Introducción: Producto de la gran actividad minera de la III Región de Atacama en el norte de Chile se vertieron al curso del rio El Salado millones de toneladas de relaves (con alto contenido de metales) sin tratamiento al curso del Rio Salado, los que fueron a dar a la bahía de la ciudad de Chañaral formando una extensa playa artificial. Estos relaves han producido un marcado efecto deletéreo sobre la flora y fauna marina del sector y en la calidad de vida de las poblaciones que viven adyac...

  8. Distribución espacial de Ocypode quadrata (Decapoda: Ocypodidae en ocho playas de la zona norte oriental de Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frank A. Ocaña

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Uno de los organismos más comunes en las playas arenosas son los miembros del género Ocypode conocidos como cangrejos fantasmas, están ampliamente distribuidos en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales; además tienen un importante papel en la transferencia de energía en diferentes niveles tróficos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar a conocer aspectos relacionados con la variación espacial de la densidad de O. quadrata en playas con diferente nivel de influencia humana en la costa norte oriental de Cuba. En mayo de 2010, fueron contadas un total de 355 galerías en 360 unidades de muestreo. La composición por clases de tallas fue de 237 galerías de jóvenes y 118 de adultos. Del total de galerías contadas el 74% ocuparon el nivel P1, 20% el nivel P2 y 6% el nivel P3. La densidad varió entre 0.06-0.52galerías/m2. A pesar del nivel de influencia humana, la mayoría de las playas no mostró diferencias significativas en la densidad de galerías (Scheffé, p>0.05. La densidad de individuos en la zona superior de resaca del oleaje es mayor (Scheffé, pSpatial distribution of Ocypode quadrata (Decapoda: Ocypodidae in eight beaches of NorthEastern Cuba. Studies on the ecology of Ocypode quadrata have been mostly carried out in the Northern and Southern part of its distribution range. In despite that this species is common in Cuban beaches, there are no quantitative studies regarding its abundance and spatial distribution. The aim of this study was to report some aspects about the spatial variation of O. quadrata density in sandy beaches, with different levels of human influence, in the North coast of Eastern Cuba. For this, on May 2010, eight beaches with different levels of human influence were surveyed. On each beach, the number of crabs burrows were counted in 45 quadrats of 4m2 located in three different strata (P1, P2 and P3. According to burrow opening diameter, crabs were separated into young and adults forms. To determine the

  9. La evolución del turismo en España: el ejemplo de Benidorm (Alicante)

    OpenAIRE

    Espinosa Seguí, Ana

    2013-01-01

    La historia del turismo de sol y playa masivo en España puede ser analizada teniendo en cuenta el caso de la ciudad de Benidorm. En esta presentación se va a realizar un breve recorrido evolutivo por esta ciudad alicantina, capital turística de la Costa Blanca.

  10. Clasificación e impacto ambiental de los residuos sólidos generados en las playas de Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elin Márquez Gulloso

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En la presente investigación se realizó una clasificación y valoración de impacto de los residuos sólidos generados en las playas de Riohacha, desde Valle de los Cangrejos hasta el Barrio Marbella. Se seleccionaron cinco estaciones de muestreo; en cada una se ubicaron transectos perpendiculares a la línea de costa; sobre estos se trazaron cuadrantes paralelos para la recolección de residuos sólidos. Además, se aplicaron encuestas a los usuarios y vendedores de las playas para determinar la percepción de olores ofensivos y se cuantificó la carga turística. Los datos de residuos se analizaron con el software estadístico SPSS 12,0 a través de la prueba Kruskal-wallis con el 97,5% de significancia y se valoró el impacto con el Método de Leopold (1971. En el inventario realizado los materiales que registraron mayor presencia fueron materia orgánica, plásticos, misceláneos y vidrios, siendo los residuos sólidos orgánicos los que obtuvieron mayor porcentaje. Las mayores concentraciones de usuarios se presentaron en la Zona Activa (ZA y Zona Pasiva (ZP, coincidiendo con la cantidad de residuos recolectados en cada estación de muestreo. Los olores ofensivos de mayor incidencia fueron basura, orina, excrementos humano y animal. La cantidad y el tipo de material están condicionados por las características del área y la influencia de actividades socioeconómicas. Las cantidades de residuos sólidos en las estaciones durante el 1º y 2º muestreo no presentaron diferencias significativas, siendo las principales causas de generación la disposición de desechos por residentes y visitantes, la pesca y la deposición de excrementos en la playa.

  11. Análisis multicriterio del impacto potencial del turismo en la anidación de las tortugas marinas en Chalacatepec, Jalisco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Y. Flores-Monter

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El litoral mexicano presenta hábitats aptos para la reproducción, refugio y crianza de tortugas marinas. Sin embargo, en la costa Chalacatepec, Jalisco, esta aptitud puede estar amenazada por el Proyecto Desarrollo Vistas (PDV, un complejo turístico mixto: hotelero, residencial, comercial y deportivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación, es evaluar el impacto potencial del turismo sobre la anidación de tortugas en dos etapas: a Preparación y construcción y b Operación y mantenimiento, como una herramienta de ayuda a la toma de decisiones en la conservación de las especies Lepidochelys olivácea (tortuga golfina, Chelonia agassizii (tortuga prieta y Dermochelys coriácea (tortuga laúd. Método: Se calculó la densidad de anidación (nidos por kilómetro y se utilizó el método de evaluación multicriterio (EMC discreto Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (PAJ, para estimar el impacto de 8 amenazas turísticas: desmonte y despalme, excavaciones, rellenos, contaminación sonora, residuos sólidos, presencia de personal de obra y construcciones provisionales, iluminación artificial del frente de playa y concentración de visitantes. Se construyó una matriz de comparación, se asignó un peso a cada amenaza, y mediante el uso de un SIG se generaron los mapas de impacto potencial del turismo. Resultados: Las amenazas con mayor peso o ponderación (eigenvector total fueron los rellenos (0.36482 y la concentración de visitantes (0.38194. La construcción y operación turística puede afectar el 59.8% de las anidaciones e impactar principalmente en la costa sur el km 1 (1 142 registros de nidos colectados y, en la costa norte el km 1 (329 nidos, km 3 (311 nidos, km 4 (268 nidos y km 5 (151 nidos. Discusión o Conclusión: La playa de anidación en Chalacatepec es de gran importancia para la protección y conservación de las tortugas marinas. La presente EMC fue una herramienta adecuada para estimar las consecuencias del

  12. Unravelling aquifer-wetland interaction using CSAMT and gravity methods: the Mollina-Camorra aquifer and the Fuente de Piedra playa-lake, southern Spain

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pedrera, A.; Martos-Rosillo, S.; Galindo-Zaldívar, J.; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, M.; Benavente, J.; Martín-Rodríguez, J. F.; Zúñiga-López, M. I.

    2016-06-01

    The hydrological regime of Fuente de Piedra playa-lake (Málaga, southern Spain) has been significantly affected by the intensive exploitation of groundwater in the area. The playa-lake is situated above clays, marls, and gypsum, and under unaltered conditions received surface-subsurface runoff within the watershed as well as groundwater discharge from two carbonate aquifers. We have analyzed the structure of the main one, the Mollina-Camorra carbonate aquifer, by combining controlled source audio magnetotellurics (CSAMT), gravity prospecting, and time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings. This geophysical information, together with new structural and hydrogeological data, was gathered to develop a new conceptual hydrogeological model. This model allows the hydrological linkage of the carbonate aquifer with the playa-lake system to be established. Moreover, the intensive exploitation in the carbonate aquifer, even outside the watershed of the playa-lake, has affected the hydrological regime of the system. This multidisciplinary work demonstrates the potential of geophysical methods for understanding wetland-aquifer interaction, having important groundwater management implications.

  13. El sustento ambiental de la actividad turística de los centros del litoral

    OpenAIRE

    Ferraro, Rosana; Echechuri, Héctor

    1999-01-01

    La base económico-productiva de los centros urbanos del litoral marítimo bonaerense es la actividad turística, en su modalidad de sol y playa. La base de sustentación de dicha actividad socioeconómica es la presencia de un sistema natural de gran riqueza paisajística. El presente trabajo identifica unidades homogéneas de paisaje, basadas en la selección de tres indicadores claves del mismo, la geomorfología, la vegetación y el uso del suelo para posteriormente ponderar dichas unidades en su c...

  14. Playa Soil Moisture and Evaporation Dynamics During the MATERHORN Field Program

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hang, Chaoxun; Nadeau, Daniel F.; Jensen, Derek D.; Hoch, Sebastian W.; Pardyjak, Eric R.

    2016-06-01

    We present an analysis of field data collected over a desert playa in western Utah, USA in May 2013, the most synoptically active month of the year, as part of the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) program. The results show that decreasing surface albedo, decreasing Bowen ratio and increasing net radiation with increasing soil moisture sustained a powerful positive feedback mechanism promoting large evaporation rates immediately following rain events. Additionally, it was found that, while nocturnal evaporation was negligible during dry periods, it was quite significant (up to 30 % of the daily cumulative flux) during nights following rain events. Our results further show that the highest spatial variability in surface soil moisture is found under dry conditions. Finally, we report strong spatial heterogeneities in evaporation rates following a rain event. The cumulative evaporation for the different sampling sites over a five-day period varied from ≈ 0.1 to ≈ 6.6 mm. Overall, this study allows us to better understand the mechanisms underlying soil moisture dynamics of desert playas as well as evaporation following occasional rain events.

  15. Using 87Sr/86Sr Ratios of Carbonate Minerals in Dust to Quantify Contributions from Desert Playas to the Urban Wasatch Front, Utah, USA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goodman, M.; Carling, G. T.; Fernandez, D. P.; Rey, K.; Hale, C. A.; Nelson, S.; Hahnenberger, M.

    2017-12-01

    Desert playas are important dust sources globally, with potential harmful health impacts for nearby urban areas. The Wasatch Front (population >2 million) in western Utah, USA, is located directly downwind of several playas that contribute to poor air quality on dust event days. Additionally, the exposed lakebed of nearby Great Salt Lake is a growing dust source as water levels drop in response to drought and river diversions. To investigate contributions of playa dust to the Wasatch Front, we sampled dust emissions from the exposed lakebed of Great Salt Lake and seven playas in western Utah, including Sevier Dry Lake, and dust deposition at four locations stretching 160 km from south to north along the Wasatch Front, including Provo, Salt Lake City, Ogden, and Logan. The samples were analyzed for mineralogy, bulk chemistry, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios for source apportionment. The mineralogy of playa dust and Wasatch Front dust samples was dominated by quartz, feldspar, chlorite and calcite. Bulk geochemical composition was similar for all playa dust sources, with higher anthropogenic metal concentrations in the Wasatch Front. Strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios in the carbonate fraction of the dust samples were variable in the playa dust sources, ranging from 0.7105 in Sevier Dry Lake to 0.7150 in Great Salt Lake, providing a powerful tool for apportioning dust. Based on 87Sr/86Sr mixing models, Great Salt Lake contributed 0% of the dust flux at Provo, 20% of the dust flux at Salt Lake City, and 40% of the dust flux at Ogden and Logan during Fall 2015. Contrastingly, Great Salt Lake dust was less important in Spring of 2016, contributing 0% of the dust flux at Provo and City and Logan. Two major dust events that occurred on 3 November 2015 and 23 April 2016 had similar wind and climate conditions as understood by HYSPLIT backward trajectories, meaning that seasonal variability in dust emissions is due to playa surface conditions rather than meteorologic conditions

  16. Strontium isotope geochemistry of soil and playa deposits near Yucca Mountain, Nevada

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marshall, B.D.; Mahan, S.A.

    1994-01-01

    The isotopic composition of strontium contained in the carbonate fractions of soils provides an excellent tracer which can be used to test models for their origin. This paper reports data on surface coatings and cements, eolian sediments, playas and alluvial fan soils which help to constrain a model for formation of the extensive calcretes and fault infillings in the Yucca Mountain region. The playas contain carbonate with a wide range of strontium compositions; further work will be required to fully understand their possible contributions to the pedogenic carbonate system. Soils from an alluvial fan to the west of Yucca Mountain show that only small amounts of strontium are derived from a fan draining a carbonate terrane have strontium component. Although much evidence points to an eolian source for at least some of the strontium in the pedogenic carbonates near Yucca Mountain, an additional component or past variation of strontium composition in the eolian source is required to model the pedogenic carbonate system

  17. Sliding rocks on Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park: first observation of rocks in motion.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Richard D Norris

    Full Text Available The engraved trails of rocks on the nearly flat, dry mud surface of Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park, have excited speculation about the movement mechanism since the 1940s. Rock movement has been variously attributed to high winds, liquid water, ice, or ice flotation, but has not been previously observed in action. We recorded the first direct scientific observation of rock movements using GPS-instrumented rocks and photography, in conjunction with a weather station and time-lapse cameras. The largest observed rock movement involved > 60 rocks on December 20, 2013 and some instrumented rocks moved up to 224 m between December 2013 and January 2014 in multiple move events. In contrast with previous hypotheses of powerful winds or thick ice floating rocks off the playa surface, the process of rock movement that we have observed occurs when the thin, 3 to 6 mm, "windowpane" ice sheet covering the playa pool begins to melt in late morning sun and breaks up under light winds of -4-5 m/s. Floating ice panels 10 s of meters in size push multiple rocks at low speeds of 2-5 m/min. along trajectories determined by the direction and velocity of the wind as well as that of the water flowing under the ice.

  18. Detección del virus de la Hepatitis A en dos muestras de agua del Río Sechura, usando transcriptasa-reversa PCR en tiempo real.

    OpenAIRE

    Marcos, Alexandra; Gómez-Sánchez, Muriel; Hung, Armando

    2014-01-01

    El Virus de la Hepatitis A (VHA) es un patógeno de transmisión fecal-oral, y el agua es un medio importante para su diseminación. El Río Sechura (Piura, Perú) desemboca al mar y representaría una fuente de contaminación a las playas Chulliyachi, San Pedro y San Pablo en donde se extraen moluscos bivalvos. Objetivo: Detectar VHA en muestras de agua del río Sechura mediante técnicas moleculares. Métodología: Se recogió en total 24 muestras de agua en tres puntos geográficos del río Sechura, en ...

  19. El turismo de naturaleza en espacios naturales. El caso del Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo A. Ballesteros Pelegrín

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Los espacios naturales atraen a turistas que buscan el contacto con la naturaleza, surgiendo nuevos productos turísticos. Surgen, de este modo, nuevos productos turísticos. En la oferta de turismo de naturaleza del Parque Regional de las Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar destaca: deportes en la naturaleza, aventura y ecoturismo. Este último se divide en: turismo ornitológico y fotográfico, que junto al tradicional de sol y playa y de salud, se ve favorecido por su situación geográfica, condiciones naturales y amplia oferta hotelera. Sin embargo, el turismo cultural basado en la tradición salinera y pesquera no ha sido desarrollado.

  20. Valoración del uso de las herramientas colaborativas wikispaces y google drive en la educación superior

    OpenAIRE

    Brescó Baiges, Enric; Verdú Surroca, Noemí

    2014-01-01

    En el presente estudio se lleva a cabo una valoración de las herramientas Wikispace y documentos de Google Drive. La mayoría de estudiantes conocen la wiki y aproximadamente la mitad de ellos tienen conocimiento de Google Drive. A pesar de esto, y sin que las dos herramientas presenten un grado de dificultad elevada en cuanto a su uso. Google drive obtiene mejores resultados, considerándola mejor a nivel de comunicación y organización del trabajo. This paper aims to analyse student’s op...

  1. The utilization of ERTS-1-generated photographs in the evaluation of the Iranian playas as potential locations for economic and engineering development

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krinsley, D. B. (Principal Investigator)

    1974-01-01

    The author has identified the following significant results. Seasonal monitoring of hydrologic conditions at three playa lakes provides a basis for constructing an annual water inventory for these lakes. Although the extreme variation in the extent of playa lakes must be considered, the principal periods of their fluctuations are generally constant. Playa lakes provide an important water source for arid region needs, and their water can be diverted and stored for use during the long, hot, and dry summer. At their 1973 maxima, approximately 400 million cu m and 794 million cu m of water were available at the lakes at Qom and Neriz playas, respectively. These lakes adjoin areas of moderately dense population that have severe annual water deficits. A preliminary road alignment across the Great Kavir in north-central Iran has been prepared from an analysis of ERTS-1 images of that area from September 2, 1972, through May 12, 1973, a total of 6 scenes. An all-weather road constructed along this alignment could reduce the distance between points north and south of the Great Kavir by as much as 700 km.

  2. Niveles y distribución de metales pesados en el agua de la zona de playa de Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Doria Argumedo

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available La zona de playa de Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia, constituye un ecosistema muy rico, diverso y productivo, dotado de gran capacidad para proveer bienes y servicios que sostienen actividades como pesca, turismo y navegacion; sin embargo, experimenta problematicas ambientales producto de la dinamica de la ciudad, relacionadas con la infiltración de aguas residuales, acumulacion de residuos solidos organicos y descargue de sedimentos del rio Rancheria. En la metodologia de esta investigación se tomaron muestras de agua de mar en cuatro puntos de un sector de aproximadamente 2.5 km de playa, durante ocho meses en el ano 2013, en epocas de lluvia y sequia. Los metalesanalizados fueron Cobalto, Cobre, Zinc, Aluminio, Manganeso, Niquel y Hierro. Las concentraciones de los metales Ni y Zn, considerados muy toxicos, se encontraron por encima de los niveles segun la normativa nacional y algunas establecidas a nivel internacional, para efectos agudos en aguas marinas y estuarinas destinadas a la preservacion de fauna y flora; las concentraciones de Cu y Zn, se encuentran por debajo de los limites establecidos por la EEA y la EPA. La correlacion significativa existente entre las concentraciones de los metales Fe, Mn, Zn, Co con los nutrientes nitrato y fosfato, indica posible acumulacion de ellos en el sedimento e incluso bioacumulacion en la fauna asociada a esta zona. La presencia y concentraciones de los metales son producto, principalmente, de la intervención humana en las labores de mineria y en el ciclo biogeoquimico de los metales.

  3. Protección del tramo de costa «La Guardia La Restinga» en Venezuela. 3:: Soluciones

    OpenAIRE

    Córdova López, Luis Fermín; Torres Hugues, Ronnie

    2013-01-01

    Una vez que se ha analizado en trabajos anteriores el comportamiento del oleaje, las corrientes y el transporte de sedimentos en el tramo costero «La Guardia La Restinga», en el cual se está produciendo una acelerada erosión de la playa, se plantean un grupo de acciones costeras para satisfacer las demandas realizadas por el Ministerio del Ambiente de este territorio. Las modificaciones en cuanto a la dinámica costera ocasionadas por estas obras son descritas en este trabajo. Behaviour of ...

  4. La experiencia de la guerra en la pantalla: El desembarco en la playa de Omaha de Saving Private Ryan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Montero-Díaz

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El cine de Hollywood ha dado un testimonio informal de las guerras, particularmente de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Saving Private Ryan (Steven Spielberg, 1998 rompió el modelo naturalista y romántico del subgénero. Se basó en el testimonio de los veteranos de guerra y se orientó no hacia el desarrollo de una operación bélica, sino a la reproducción hiperrealista del combate y la cotidianidad de la guerra. Dio forma audiovisual a una memoria y experiencia individuales, las del veterano, que habitualmente no habían tenido cabida en el relato institucional de la guerra o en su reflejo cinematográfico anterior. Este artículo presenta un análisis estilístico de su secuencia más aplaudida por su efecto y valor artístico: el desembarco en la playa de Omaha. Atiende a la descripción de sus recursos de planificación, sonido y montaje. Muestra que, a través del recurso a técnicas estilísticas expresivas formuladas por S. M. Eisenstein, la secuencia busca introducir al espectador en el combate, hacerle participar de las sensaciones y razonamientos del soldado –en este caso el capitán Miller–, y lograr así su inmersión en la acción bélica, su compromiso con él y la comprensión del origen de su trauma. Para ello se ha recurrido a una vía de análisis inspirada en el proceso metodológico que S. M. Eisenstein empleaba en dos de sus artículos para explicar el valor del planteamiento estilístico de El acorazado Potemkin (1925 a sus detractores. Consiste en la descripción del esquema expresivo que configura el diseño de planos y fragmentos de montaje y su comparación con los que los preceden o suceden. Mediante esta metodología dialéctica, se describe el estilo general de la secuencia y sus pretensiones expresivas, así como se localizan momentos de contraste y ruptura que acusan su servicio a un motivo emocional: traducir el trauma del combatiente.

  5. COMPETITIVIDAD Y CALIDAD EN LOS DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS DE SOL Y PLAYA. EL CASO DE LAS ISLAS CANARIAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Rosa Marrero Rodríguez

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El objeto del artículo es conocer y comparar el nivel de competitividad que presentan las cuatro islas turísticas canarias más importantes, a través de la combinación de diferentes variables de aproximación al mismo. Todo ello se plantea en el contexto más general de discusión de los mecanismos de reconversión y reposicionamiento en los destinos tradicionales de sol y playa a través de la implementación de elementos de calidad en el negocio turístico. Para acercarnos a la medición de la competitividad se ha usado una metodología doble: a través de las estadísticas del gasto turístico, los niveles de ocupación y la evolución del número de plazas y de turistas. Y también a través de un pequeño estudio de casos en Internet, donde se han analizado los precios para dos paquetes turísticos característicos. Los resultados coinciden en indicar que, a pesar de la estrategia de calidad adoptada por Lanzarote, esto no parece traducirse en una mayor rentabilidad económica para el sector. En definitiva, a pesar de la proclamada importancia de la calidad como factor clave de competitividad, no está claro que el mercado esté dispuesto a recompensar a aquellos destinos que apuestan con precios mayores por la calidad.

  6. Hoteles y sanatorios: influencia de la tuberculosis en la arquitectura del turismo de masas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Jiménez Morales

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo pretende constatar la influencia que ha ejercido la tuberculosis en la formalización de la arquitectura del turismo de masas. Para ello se repasa la evolución tipológica del hotel a partir de la eclosión del sanatorio antituberculoso en el contexto de la estación turística alpina de mediados del siglo XIX. Un recorrido que se realiza tendiendo puentes entre los progresos en arquitectura y los avances en terapias médicas. El objetivo es hacer evidente el proceso de hibridación que se produce entre ambas tipologías arquitectónicas. Una imbricación que se extiende hasta la Segunda Guerra Mundial pero cuya influencia aún persiste en la arquitectura del turismo masivo de sol y playa.

  7. Strontium isotope geochemistry of soil and playa a deposits near Yucca Mountain, Nevada

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marshall, B.D.; Mahan, S.A.

    1994-01-01

    The isotopic composition of strontium contained in the carbonate fractions of soils provides an excellent tracer which can be used to test models for their origin. This paper reports data on surface coatings and cements, eolian sediments, playas and alluvial fan soils which help to constrain a model for formation of the extensive calcretes and fault infilling in the Yucca Mountain region. The playas contain carbonate with a wide range of strontium compositions; further work will be required to fully understand their possible contributions to the pedogenic carbonate system. Soils from an alluvial fan to the west of Yucca Mountain show that only small amounts of strontium are derived from weathering of silicate detritus. However, calcretes from a fan draining a carbonate terrane have strontium compositions dominated locally by the limestone strontium component. Although much evidence points to an eolian source for at least some of the strontium in the pedogenic carbonates near Yucca Mountain, an additional component or past variation of strontium composition in the eolian source is required to model the pedogenic carbonate system

  8. Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lines, Gregory C.

    1979-01-01

    The Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley are in the western part of the Great Salt Lake Desert in northwest Utah. The areas are separate, though similar, hydrologic basins, and both contain a salt crust. The Bonneville salt crust covered about 40 square miles in the fall of 1976, and the salt crust in Pilot Valley covered 7 square miles. Both areas lack any noticeable surface relief (in 1976, 1.3 feet on the Bonneville salt crust and 0.3 foot on the Pilot Valley salt crust).The salt crust on the Salt Flats has been used for many years for automobile racing, and brines from shallow lacustrine deposits have been used for the production of potash. In recent years, there has been an apparent conflict between these two major uses of the area as the salt crust has diminished in both thickness and extent. Much of the Bonneville Racetrack has become rougher, and there has also been an increase in the amount of sediment on the south end of the racetrack. The Pilot Valley salt crust and surrounding playa have been largely unused.Evaporite minerals on the Salt Flats and the Pilot Valley playa are concentrated in three zones: (1) a carbonate zone composed mainly of authigenic clay-size carbonate minerals, (2) a sulfate zone composed mainly of authigenic gypsum, and (3) a chloride zone composed of crystalline halite (the salt crust). Five major types of salt crust were recognized on the Salt Flats, but only one type was observed in Pilot Valley. Geomorphic differences in the salt crust are caused by differences in their hydrologic environments. The salt crusts are dynamic features that are subject to change because of climatic factors and man's activities.Ground water occurs in three distinct aquifers in much of the western Great Salt Lake Desert: (1) the basin-fill aquifer, which yields water from conglomerate in the lower part of the basin fill, (2) the alluvial-fan aquifer, which yields water from sand and gravel along the western margins of both playas, and (3) the

  9. Aeolian responses to climate variability during the past century on Mesquite Lake Playa, Mojave Desert

    Science.gov (United States)

    Whitney, John W.; Breit, George N.; Buckingham, S.E.; Reynolds, Richard L.; Bogle, Rian C.; Luo, Lifeng; Goldstein, Harland L.; Vogel, John M.

    2015-01-01

    The erosion and deposition of sediments by wind from 1901 to 2013 have created large changes in surface features of Mesquite Lake playa in the Mojave Desert. The decadal scale recurrence of sand-sheet development, migration, and merging with older dunes appears related to decadal climatic changes of drought and wetness as recorded in the precipitation history of the Mojave Desert, complemented by modeled soil-moisture index values. Historical aerial photographs, repeat land photographs, and satellite images document the presence and northward migration of a mid-20th century sand sheet that formed during a severe regional drought that coincided with a multi-decadal cool phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The sand sheet slowly eroded during the wetter conditions of the subsequent PDO warm phase (1977–1998) due to a lack of added sediment. Sand cohesion gradually increased in the sand sheet by seasonal additions of salt and clay and by re-precipitation of gypsum, which resulted in the wind-carving of yardangs in the receding sand sheet. Smaller yardangs were aerodynamically shaped from coppice dunes with salt-clay crusts, and larger yardangs were carved along the walls and floor of trough blowouts. Evidence of a 19th century cycle of sand-sheet formation and erosion is indicated by remnants of yardangs, photographed in 1901 and 1916, that were found buried in the mid-20th century sand sheet. Three years of erosion measurements on the playa, yardangs, and sand sheets document relatively rapid wind erosion. The playa has lowered 20 to 40 cm since the mid-20th century and a shallow deflation basin has developed since 1999. Annually, 5–10 cm of surface sediment was removed from yardang flanks by a combination of wind abrasion, deflation, and mass movement. The most effective erosional processes are wind stripping of thin crusts that form on the yardang surfaces after rain events and the slumping of sediment blocks from yardang flanks. These wind

  10. Diversidad de bacterias cultivables con capacidad de degradar hidrocarburos de la playa de Caleta Córdova, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graciela N. Pucci

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las comunidades bacterianas aisladas de agua de mar y sedimentos intermareales de Caleta Córdova, norte de Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. Tres sitios fueron muestreados estacionalmente entre los años 2005 y 2006; el primer sitio fue una playa pública, el segundo sitio cerca de un puerto pesquero y el tercero cerca de una boya de toma de petróleo. Las comunidades bacterianas fueron determinadas en base a las diferencias en la composición de ácidos grasos de membrana, las bacterias fueron identificadas por medio del Sistema Sherlock MIDI, y el potencial de las comunidades para la utilización de hidrocarburos por la mineralización de gasoil, petróleo, kerosene, aceite lubricante y nafta. Las mineralizaciones evidenciaron la capacidad de los microorganismos para la degradación de hidrocarburos en dos de los sitios estudiados. Se aislaron 251 cepas de las que se lograron identificar 124 correspondientes a 24 géneros y 40 especies; la más frecuente fue Pseudoalteromonas.

  11. Casa de campo en la playa de Jávea, Valencia – España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    De Jorge, M.

    1971-03-01

    Full Text Available This house is adapted to a gentle pine covered slope, extending down to the beach. There is a number of stepped down bedrooms, following the ground contour. The main bedroom is at the top, and it is on the same level as the dining and living room, the kitchen and other services, and two terraces facing north and south. At the lower part of the building there is a music and study room, with an independent entrance and a covered porch, for winter use. There is also a basement, firewood store room and other secondary rooms, which can allow for future extensions.El acoplamiento a una suave ladera cubierta de pinos, que desciende hacia la playa, determina una serie de dormitorios escalonados, según la pendiente del terreno, que culminan en la parte superior de la vivienda con el dormitorio principal, situado ya en el mismo plano que el salón-comedor, las terrazas principales N. y S. y la cocina y servicios anexos. En la parte inferior se sitúa un estudio-sala de música, con entrada independiente y un porche cubierto para invierno, junto con la bodega, leñera y otros servicios y espacios previstos para una posible ampliación.

  12. Clasificación e impacto ambiental de los residuos sólidos generados en las playas de Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Elin Márquez Gulloso; Jairo Rafael Rosado Vega

    2011-01-01

    En la presente investigación se realizó una clasificación y valoración de impacto de los residuos sólidos generados en las playas de Riohacha, desde Valle de los Cangrejos hasta el Barrio Marbella. Se seleccionaron cinco estaciones de muestreo; en cada una se ubicaron transectos perpendiculares a la línea de costa; sobre estos se trazaron cuadrantes paralelos para la recolección de residuos sólidos. Además, se aplicaron encuestas a los usuarios y vendedores de las playas para determinar la pe...

  13. Saline Playas on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as Mars Analog for the Formation-Preservation of Hydrous Salts and Biosignatures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, A.; Zheng, M.; Kong, F.; Sobron, P.; Mayer, D. P.

    2010-12-01

    Qinghai-Tibet (QT) Plateau has the highest average elevation on Earth (~ 4500 m, about 50-60% of atmospheric pressure at sea-level). The high elevation induces a tremendous diurnal (and seasonal) temperature swing caused by high level of solar irradiation during the day and low level of atmospheric insulation during the evening. In addition, the Himalaya mountain chain (average height >6100 m) in the south of the QT Plateau largely blocks the pathway of humid air from the Indian Ocean, and produces a Hyperarid region (Aridity Index, AI ~ 0.04), the Qaidam Basin (N32-35, E90-100) at the north edge of the QT Plateau. Climatically, the low P, T, large ΔT, high aridity, and high UV radiation all make the Qaidam basin to be one of the most similar places on Earth to Mars. Qaidam basin has the most ancient playas (up to Eocene) and the lakes with the highest salinity on QT Plateau. More importantly, Mg-sulfates appear in the evaporative salts within the most ancient playas (Da Langtang) at the northwest corner of Qaidam basin, which mark the final stage of the evaporation sequence of brines rich in K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, C, B, S, and Cl. The evaporation minerals in the saline playas of Qaidam basin, their alteration and preservation under hyperarid conditions can be an interesting analog for the study of Martian salts and salty regolith. We conducted a field investigation at Da Langtan playa in Qaidam basin, with combined remote sensing (ASTER on board of NASA’s Terra satellite, 1.656, 2.167, 2.209, 2.62, 2.336, 2.40 µm), in situ sensing of a portable NIR spectrometer (WIR, 1.25-2.5 µm continuous spectral range), and the laboratory analyses of collected samples from the field (ASD spectrometer, 0.4 -2.5 µm, and Laser Raman spectroscopy). The results indicate that the materials contributing the high albedo layers in playa deposits are carbonate-gypsum-bearing surface soils, salt-clay-bearing exhaumed Pleistocene deposits, dehydrated Na-sulfates, hydrous Mg

  14. Hidrodinámica aplicada a la gestión y la conservación de ecosistemas marinos y costeros: Isla Gorgona, Océano Pacífico Colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés F. Osorio A.

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Playa Palmeras (En el Parque Nacional Isla Gorgona es uno de los sitios más importantes para la anidación de tortugas marinas en América del Sur y Centroamérica. Debido a procesos morfológicos que afectan la playa, los nidos de las tortugas se han visto cada vez más expuestos al impacto del oleaje y la marea, poniendo en riesgo la conservación de éstas especies. Se llevó a cabo un estudio para conocer los procesos hidrodinámicos de la zona costera en Playa Palmeras, de los cuales depende el comportamiento morfodinámico de la playa y la preservación de los nidos. Se usó modelación numérica y mediciones en campo para conocer la variabilidad espacio-temporal del oleaje y obtener los patrones generales de circulación y la estructura termohalina de la zona. Se encontró un marcado ciclo anual, tanto en el oleaje como en las corrientes, influenciado por la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical (ZCIT y una variabilidad interanual del oleaje, asociada a El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENSO. Se estimó la cota de inundación de la playa y se crearon mapas de probabilidad de inundación, identificando los sitios potencialmente más seguros para la anidación. Los resultados muestran que hacia el norte de la playa está la zona de menor riesgo.

  15. Mineralogía del perfil de «La Muela», terciario del sector central de la Depresion del Ebro (provincia Zaragoza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López-Aguayo, F.

    1988-08-01

    Full Text Available The stratigraphic sequenre of «La Muela>., at the South (Central Sector of the Ebro basin, is studied. This profile presents two difIerentiated uoits. The first one gypsum-bearing and the second one carbonatic, which correspond to the gypsum of Zaragoza and Alcubierre Cormations respectively. 80th units present a different mineralogical assofiation. The first one is characterized by gypsum, carbonates (calcite/dolomite, clay minerals and quartz, whereas in the second one the association is carbonates (calcite and/or dolomite, clay minerals and quartz. The clay minerals systematically present are: illite, smectites, chlorite and kaolinite. However, it is possible to observe an important quantitative change between both units, with a variation in the average of smectites from 23% to 46%. The variation in the molar content of MgCO3 in the carbonates has loo to propase a model of the chemical evolution on the vertical, in agreement with the sedimentologic analysis of the materials, which correspond to playa and lacustrine deposits.El perfil estratigráfico de La Muela, sector Sur de la Depresión del Ebro. Consta de dos tramos diferenciados, el primero rico en yeso y el segundo carbonatado, que corresponden respectivamente a las Formaciones Yesos de Zaragoza y Alcubierre. Ambos tramos presentan una asociación mineralógica distinta: el primero está caracterizado por yeso, carbonatos (calcita/dolomita, minerales de la arcilla y cuarzo, mientras que el segundo la asociación consta de carbonatos (calcita y/o dolomita, minerales de la arcilla y cuarzo. Los minerales de la arcilla presentes sistemáticamente son: ilita, esmectitas, clorita y caolinita. No obstante, se observa un importante cambio cuantitativo entre ambos tramos con una variación notable en el contenido en esmectitas, que en términos medios, es del 23 al 46%. La variación del contenido molar en CO3 Mg de los carbonatos ha permitido proponer un modelo de evolución química en la

  16. Necesidades de aprendizaje de los especialistas de Medicina General Integral sobre los trastornos del espectro autista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Víctor Tadeo Pérez Martínez

    Full Text Available Introducción: las necesidades de aprendizaje resultan de contrastar un desempeño ideal o propuesto con el real, bien sea para un individuo o un grupo determinado. Constituyen el punto de partida para la búsqueda de una solución pedagógica, capacitante, a fin de contribuir a la transformación cualitativa de los servicios de salud, y su oportuna identificación una trascendental herramienta de la educación permanente. Objetivo: identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje que sobre los trastornos del espectro autista, tienen los médicos que laboran en los Equipos de Atención Primaria de Salud, del municipio Playa. Método: se aplicó un cuestionario con carácter anónimo, en forma de examen escrito, a 20 especialistas de MGI seleccionados al azar, que laboran en tres policlínicas del extremo Este, del municipio Playa. Resultados: se puntualizaron las deficiencias e insuficiencias de los conocimientos y habilidades profesionales sobre los trastorno del espectro autista, fundamentalmente en lo que respecta a su detección temprana, diagnóstico precoz y escalas de evaluación psicoevolutiva. Conclusiones: a pesar de que los principales problemas de salud de nuestros niños y adolescentes constituyen, en el primer nivel de atención, programas priorizados, sobre todo los que a salud mental infanto-juvenil se refieren, la mayoría de los especialistas exhibió dificultades en el tratamiento integral de estos pacientes, persistiendo el espectro autista como un desorden habitualmente mal explorado y tardíamente diagnosticado, cuya evaluación adolece, en ocasiones, de elementos de obligatoria indagación y conocimiento, lo que afecta el adecuado seguimiento de los menores y su calidad de vida.

  17. Estructura de la comunidad de esponjas (Porifera en tres arrecifes del Parque Nacional Morrocoy, Venezuela y su relación con algunas variables ambientales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco A. Romero

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio pone en evidencia la variación en la estructura de la comunidad de esponjas en tres localidades del Parque Nacional Morrocoy (Cayo Sombrero, Playa Mero y Punta Brava con distintas condiciones ambientales y afectadas diferencialmente por una mortalidad masiva ocurrida en 1996. En un total de 15 transectos de 10m de largo y 1m de ancho en cuatro estratos comprendidos entre 3 y 15m de profundidad en cada localidad; se contabilizaron los individuos por especie para calcular la abundancia relativa, diversidad y equidad. Se analizaron las variables ambientales por localidad y se aprecian diferencias entre ellas con respecto a la corriente, turbidez, y exposición al oleaje. Fueron totalizadas 27 especies; Cayo Sombrero (23, Playa Mero (18 y Punta Brava (15, en la primera localidad domina: Agelas sceptrum, Amphimedon erina y Niphates erecta, en Playa Mero: Niphates erecta y Dysidea etherea y en Punta Brava: Dysidea etherea, Niphates erecta y Amphimedon erina. La composición de especies mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre localidades. La mayor diversidad y equidad correspondió a Cayo Sombrero; donde las condiciones fueron más favorables para el crecimiento de estos organismos, seguido de Playa Mero y Punta Brava, guardando las dos primeras mayor similitud entre sí, según Índice de Sorensen.

  18. Espectro trófico de peces concurrentes al área de crianza Playa Chipana (21°19'S - 70°04'W del norte de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio Vargas F.

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available A total of 361 fishes including Odonthestes regia, Paralabrax humeralis, Isacia conceptionis, Cilus gilberti, Menticirrhus ophicephalus, Sciaena deliciosa and Scomber japonicus were collected in the nursery area Playa Chipana (21°19'S, northern Chile, from August 1989 through December 1990 in order determine their feeding habits. Both planctonic and benthonic preys were determined in the trophic spectrum for seven species, for which the main foods (MFI were crustaceans (zoea, miscidaceans, Emerita analoga, Ogyrides tarazonai and fishes (Engraulis ringens, Odonthestes regia, Normanichthys croockeri. Three trophic guilds were preliminarily identificated: 1.- carcinophagous fishes, 2.- ichthiophagous fishes, and 3.- planctophagous fishes.

  19. Landsat classification of surface-water presence during multiple years to assess response of playa wetlands to climatic variability across the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative region

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manier, Daniel J.; Rover, Jennifer R.

    2018-02-15

    To improve understanding of the distribution of ecologically important, ephemeral wetland habitats across the Great Plains, the occurrence and distribution of surface water in playa wetland complexes were documented for four different years across the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GPLCC) region. This information is important because it informs land and wildlife managers about the timing and location of habitat availability. Data with an accurate timestamp that indicate the presence of water, the percent of the area inundated with water, and the spatial distribution of playa wetlands with water are needed for a host of resource inventory, monitoring, and research applications. For example, the distribution of inundated wetlands forms the spatial pattern of available habitat for resident shorebirds and water birds, stop-over habitats for migratory birds, connectivity and clustering of wetland habitats, and surface waters that recharge the Ogallala aquifer; there is considerable variability in the distribution of playa wetlands holding water through time. Documentation of these spatially and temporally intricate processes, here, provides data required to assess connections between inundation and multiple environmental drivers, such as climate, land use, soil, and topography. Climate drivers are understood to interact with land cover, land use and soil attributes in determining the amount of water that flows overland into playa wetlands. Results indicated significant spatial variability represented by differences in the percent of playas inundated among States within the GPLCC. Further, analysis-of-variance comparison of differences in inundation between years showed significant differences in all cases. Although some connections with seasonal moisture patterns may be observed, the complex spatial-temporal gradients of precipitation, temperature, soils, and land use need to be combined as covariates in multivariate models to effectively account for

  20. Valoración económica ambiental del Parque Nacional Mochima de Venezuela

    OpenAIRE

    Álvarez Campero, Raul Iván

    2016-01-01

    El Parque Nacional Mochima de Venezuela cuenta con numerosas áreas recreativas con inmenso potencial turístico, y recreativo. Las áreas turísticas – recreativas del Parque Nacional Mochima consisten fundamentalmente en sus playas de gran belleza las cuales son visitadas por diversos tipos de turistas, quienes acceden a las mismas mediante transporte acuático en botes particulares, o contratados a empresas. A pesar de todo ese potencial turístico y sus bellezas naturales, el Parque Nacional...

  1. EL IMPACTO DE LA AGRICULTURA INTENSIVA EN EL USO TURÍSTICO DE LAS PLAYAS DE MARINA DE COPE (MURCIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. Belmonte Serrato

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo de la agricultura intensiva y, especialmente, la ocupación agrícola de los fondos de las ramblas, ha ocasionado un desequilibrio sedimentario en las playas de Marina de COPE. Los retrocesos de la línea de costa oscilan entre 16 y 68 m y la disminución de la superficie se estima en un 50% de la correspondiente a 1956. Esto, ha reducido su capacidad de carga potencial que, para una intensidad de uso de 25 m2/usuario, ha pasado de 4.400 usuarios potenciales por día a 2.200. Lo que implica, para los meses de uso de estas playas, julio y agosto, una pérdida de capacidad de 130.000 usuarios.

  2. EL ENTRENAMIENTO DEL SPRINT CON MÉTODOS RESISTIDOS

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    Pedro E. Alcaraz Ramón

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Para la mejora del rendimiento en el sprint se utilizan distintos métodos de entrenamiento, entre los más populares se encuentran los métodos resistidos. Un método resistido, para el sprint, se caracteriza por utilizar sprints con una sobrecarga o resistencia añadida. Dependiendo de las características del dispositivo, tanto la magnitud como la dirección de la resistencia va a ser diferente. Así, existen distintos tipos de métodos resistidos, estos son: arrastres de trineos o ruedas, lastres de chalecos o cinturones, arrastres de paracaídas, carreras cuesta arriba, e incluso carreras sobre la arena de la playa. El principal objetivo al usar métodos resistidos es mejorar la fuerza específica de los deportistas sin producir una modificación significativa de la técnica del deportista. En el presente trabajo se revisan las características y efectos de los métodos resistidos tanto de forma aguda, como sus efectos a corto, medio y largo plazo.

  3. Aspectos biometricos del bagre Arius Furthii Steindachner (Pisces Ariidae, colectado en punta Morales, Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurizio Protti Quesada

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Se analizan estadísticamente algunos parámetros biométricos de 257 ejemplares de Arius furthii (Ariidae, colectados en una zona de playa y otra de manglar en Punta Morales, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Las colectas se realizaron por medio de “arrastres” con una red tipo “chinchorro”. La talla de los especímenes capturados osciló entre 55 y 276 mm de longitud total y 1,3 a 176 g en peso fresco. El análisis estadístico mostró que la longitud total es la mejor variable para la estimación del peso fresco a través de una ecuación de regresión logarítmica.  Además, se mostró que no existen diferencias significativas en el peso de los Arius furthii colectados en la playa y los colectados en el manglar.

  4. Sliding stones of Racetrack Playa, Death Valley, USA: The roles of rock thermal conductivity and fluctuating water levels

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kletetschka, Günther; Hooke, R. L.; Ryan, A.; Fercana, G.; McKinney, E.; Schwebler, K. P.

    2013-01-01

    Roč. 195, 1 August (2013), s. 110-117 ISSN 0169-555X Institutional support: RVO:67985831 Keywords : Endorheic * Finite element modeling * hydrogeology * Racetrack playa * sliding stones Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy Impact factor: 2.577, year: 2013

  5. Las fronteras del racismo en el teatro crítico de José Moreno Arenas

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    Susana Leticia Báez Ayala

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La dramaturgia española de José Moreno Arenas, maestro del teatro mínimo e hiper - textual, incorpora uno de los temas señeros en la complejidad de los albores del siglo XXI: el racismo; sus obras: El cuchitril, El deseo, Las olas, El safari y La playa discuten el choque de mentalidades entre las poblaciones migrantes y las receptoras en la Euro - pa actual; destaca el doble papel que los españoles han vivido en el siglo XX, desde una mirada crítica, se cuestiona la falta de memoria del pueblo peninsular en relación con los procesos migratorios que vivieron a lo largo del siglo XX hacia América y el norte de Europa. Los aportes de Michel Foucault así como los de Iuri Lotman permiten analizar las relaciones de poder que establecen los Estados mediante la xenofobia.

  6. CAMBIO AMBIENTAL DEL CUATERNARIO TARDIO EN DEPOSITOS LACUSTRES EN LA CUENCA DE ZACAPU, MICHOACAN.RECONSTRUCCION PRELIMINAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S.E. Metcalfe

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Los depósitos superficiales alrededor de las márgenes de la cuenca lacustre cerrada de Zacapu, Michoacán (19 ̊51'N, 101°40' W han sido examinados como parte de una investigación del cambio ambiental del cuaternario tardío en el centro de México. Las diatomitas lacustres están intercaladas con arenas de playas, suelos pantanosos orgánicos y depósitos coluviales. Esta secuencia refleja fluctuaciones en el nivel del lago y cambios en la importancia relativa de los procesos lacustres y terrestres en la cuenca. El examen de estas secciones sobre la base del ambiente de las fuentes de sedimento, usando diferentes técnicas, provee un medio de evaluar la importancia relativa de factores específicos, tales como el cambio climático o el impacto del hombre, que causan las fluctuaciones registrados por los depósitos.

  7. Impacto de la luz artificial sobre la anidación de la tortuga marina Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae, en playa Cipara, Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Rondón Médicci

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available En Playa Cipara, Península de Paria, Venezuela, se evaluó el impacto de la luz artificial sobre la anidación de la tortuga cardón. Se estimó el número de anidaciones y su distribución espacial a lo largo de la playa entre los años sin y con iluminación artificial y entre segmentos de playa iluminada y oscura. Se hicieron entrevistas a los residentes para conocer su percepción sobre el impacto de la luz artificial hacia las tortugas marinas. Entre el 2000 y 2005 se registraron 1 217 salidas de tortuga cardón; con 1 056 nidos. El número de nidos con huevos dependió significativamente del año (p=0.035 al igual que el número de nidos totales (p=0.015. En los años previos a la electricidad (2000-2003 se observaron 743 salidas, de las cuales 661 con nido y 374 nidadas confirmadas. En los dos años (2004-2005 con iluminación artificial, se contaron 474 salidas con 395 nidos y 232 nidadas. La proporción de salidas con construcción de nido disminuyó significativamente (p=0.005 en los años con luz eléctrica, pero no varió el éxito de desove (p=0.402. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre el número de salidas por metro de playa en los sectores oscuros y los iluminados (p=0.244, ni entre el número de nidos construidos (p=0.379, ni entre las anidaciones con desove (p=0.516. Tampoco en la proporción de las salidas totales que constituyeron anidaciones (p=0.067 entre los sectores iluminados y oscuros, ni en la proporción de nidos exitosos (p=0.833. El volumen medio de arena por metro de playa fue mayor en La Peña, Cipara y La Remate y menor en Varadero (pImpact of artificial light on nesting in the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae at Cipara beach, Venezuela. The number of Leatherback turtle nests and their spatial distribution was compared between years with and without artificial light, and between dark and lighted beach segments, in Cipara Beach, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela. Residents

  8. Edificio de apartamentos Jardín del Atlántico Gran Canaria – España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López Díaz, Luis

    1978-11-01

    Full Text Available This building is located in the Playa del Inglés, the central core of the Maspalomas tourist resort, and was built as an answer to the urgent need for accommodations imposed by the overwhelming tourist influx arriving in increasingly larger and numerous charter flights. The building (containing 334 units in its five stories, all of the same type and identically oriented is provided with all amenities and facilities normally found in the best of hotels, such as two bars, a restaurant, a shopping area with several stores, social rooms, dance hall, gymnasium, sauna bath, tennis courts, four large swimming pools, children's playground, beauty parlour and barber shop, large carpark, 15,000 m2 of landscaped area, etc., offering occupants a healthy, enjoyable and convenient environment.

    En la Playa del Inglés, núcleo central del complejo turístico de Maspalomas, se ha levantado este edificio de apartamentos como respuesta a la imperiosa necesidad hotelera, motivada por la masiva afluencia de turistas que se desplazan en los, cada vez más grandes y numerosos, vuelos charter. El edificio, que en sus cinco plantas de altura distribuye 334 apartamentos —todos ellos del mismo tipo y con idéntica orientación—, está dotado de todas las comodidades y atracciones que pudiera tener el más completo de los hoteles, tales como: dos bares, restaurante, zona comercial con diversas tiendas, salones sociales, sala de baile, gimnasio, sauna, cancha de tenis, cuatro grandes piscinas, parque infantil, peluquerías de señoras y caballeros, amplísimo aparcamiento para coches, 15.000 m2 de jardín, etc., que proporcionan a sus ocupantes una vida sana, amena y confortable.

  9. Potential transport pathways of dust emanating from the playa of Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, in arid northwest China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ge, Yongxiao; Abuduwaili, Jilili; Ma, Long; Wu, Na; Liu, Dongwei

    2016-09-01

    In this paper, the HYSPLIT model, driven with reanalysis meteorological data from 1978 to 2013, was used to understand the potential transport characteristics of dust and salt dust emanating from the playa of Ebinur Lake in arid northwest China. Daily air parcel trajectories were computed forward for 8 days from an origin centered over Ebinur Lake at 100 m above ground level. Air parcel trajectory density plots were mapped for seven levels: 0-100 m agl., 100-500 m agl., 500-1000 m agl., 1000-1500 m agl., 1500-2000 m agl., 2000-3000 m agl., and 3000-5000 m agl. These show that potential dust transport pathways have clear seasonal differentiation. The potential transport distance of dust and salt dust is greatest in spring and summer. In autumn and winter, the potential transport of the high-density air trajectory is below 1000 m traveling a shorter distance. Potential dust transport pathways showed notifying directivity in different seasons and heights. Southeast in spring and summer, and north to northeast in autumn and winter are the two main potential transport channels of dust and salt dust. Accordingly, dust and salt dust from the playa of Ebinur Lake may influence the atmospheric processes and biogeochemical cycles of a vast region. The main area of influence of dust and salt dust is close to the source area, and will significantly accelerate the melting of snow and ice in the Tianshan Mountains. This highlights the urgent need to combine remote sensing, isotope and other methods to further research the transport characteristics of dust and salt dust from the playa of the Ebinur Lake.

  10. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL HÁBITAT DE LA TORTUGA DE RÍO PODOCNEMIS LEWYANA, EN EL RÍO PRADO, AGUAS ABAJO DEL EMBALSE DE HIDROPRADO, TOLIMA, COLOMBIA

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    Gonzalez Adriana

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación se buscó evaluar cuáles son las características del hábitat en los sitios con presencia permanente de tortugas (PPT en el río Prado que, comparadas con las de los sitios sin PPT, permitan dilucidar el posible agrupamiento de Podocnemis lewyana en estas áreas determinadas. En la caracterización de la vegetación del borde del río Prado se encontraron 63 especies de plantas, de las cuales 28 hacen parte de la dieta de la tortuga de río. En los sitios con PPT la diversidad, la cobertura de los estratos arbustivo y arbóreo, el número de plantas por m2 y el número de especies vegetales encontradas en la dieta de la tortuga fueron mayores con respecto a las de los sitios sin PPT. La mayor riqueza de especies la tuvo Leguminosae, seguida por Anacardiaceae, Moraceae y Sapindaceae. En la caracterización de las variables fisicoquímicas del agua, en los sitios con PPT se encontró que la profundidad del río fue mayor y la velocidad de la corriente menor, comparada con los sitios sin PPT, y que los niveles de oxígeno disuelto en el agua fueron muy bajos para lo esperado en la zona. Respecto a la disponibilidad de lugares potenciales de refugio, descanso y asoleamiento para la tortuga de río, no se encontraron diferencias en las frecuencias de barrancos, playas de piedra, playas de arena, madera y rocas disponibles por kilómetro entre los sitios con y sin PPT. En la evaluación de la disponibilidad de alimento para P. lewyana en el río Prado se encontró que el número de especies vegetales integrantes de la dieta de la tortuga y el aporte en biomasa de estas especies fue mayor en los sitios con PPT. De las variables de hábitat medidas, la velocidad de la corriente fue la más relacionada con la presencia de P. lewyana en el río Prado, mientras que la profundidad del río, la cobertura de la vegetación ribereña y el oxígeno disuelto en el agua estaban relacionados directamente con su abundancia.

  11. Geomorfologia Costera y Explotación de Arena de Playa en la Provincia de Buenos Aires y sus Consecuencias Ambientales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia C. Marcomini

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available El present trabajo tiene como objetivo principal caracterizar el medio físico de las áreas costeras, con el fin determinar los impactos en la hidrodinámica litoral, a mediano y corto plazo, generado por la explotación de arena de playa en las principales localidades costeras de la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre cabo San Antonio y Necochea. Para tal fin se describen las explotaciones mineras de mayor magnitud llevadas a cabo a lo largo de la costa de la provincia de Buenos Aires y se analiza su efecto para cada morfología costera. En todos los casos las explotaciones han ocasionado un deficit de arena en la corriente de deriva litoral, lo que hace que la erosión se traslade como una onda en el sentido de la deriva litoral, es decir hacia el norte para estas costas. El tipo de costa que recibe el impacto de esta onda condiciona el grado de erosión a la que este sujeta. En costas acantiladas cohesivas las explotaciones han producido un importante incremento en las tasas de retroceso de los acantilados y pérdida de playa. En costas definidas como de tipo B (con desarrollo de bermas los efectos erosivos de la explotacíon, sumados a otros factores antrópicos, han afectado fundamentalmente las morfologías de playa, mientras que en las de tipo A (sin desarrollo de bermas, el efecto no solo ha alcanzado la playa sino que también ha provocado retoceso de la línea de costa. Asimismo de determinó que las tasas de retroceso de la costa se aceleran o retardan en igual medida durante la explotación y recuperación respectivamente; es decir que la recuperación por interrupción de las actividades mineras es semejante en magnitud a la erosión inducida durante la explotación.

  12. Comparación de la percepción social en playas recreativas arenosas de dos bahías localizadas en el Pacífico Mexicano

    OpenAIRE

    Flores-Mejía, M.A.; Silva-Iñiguez, L.; Cervantes, O.; Navarro-Reyes, C.; Pérez-López, R.; Gutiérrez-Corona, C.G.; Flores-Hernández, M.

    2012-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se desarrollaron dos formatos de encuesta, para incorporar la percepción de los usuarios a la evaluación de la calidad de las playas (Cervantes, 2006 y Silva-Iñiguez, 2006); ambos basados en un modelo cuantitativo para revelar la percepción social de las playas localizadas en la bahía de Santiago, Manzanillo, Col (MZO) y en Acapulco, Gro (ACA). Se aplicaron un total de 790 encuestas (ACA: 390 y MZO: 400), que permitieron conocer el perfil de los usuarios, sus hábitos de...

  13. Casa para la playa, New Jersey

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    Breuer, Marcel

    1964-03-01

    Full Text Available The McMullan house, built on the beach, has been designed to be inhabited all the year round. Basically this building is a rectangular block, lifted above the dunes on a framework of timber columns and beams. The ground floor contains the entrance hall, the guest room or servant's quarters, including a bath room, and a shower room which can be reached separately from the beach. The second floor is taken up with the main living quarters, and the second floor contains the bedrooms. The northern and southern sides have few windows, whilst the eastern and western sides have balconies protected with sliding and Venetian blinds, which in addition to supplying an effective protection against the sun, give the house a pleasant sense of secluded intimacy. The blinds are made of wood, and are painted dark brown. Doors and windows are also made of wood, but painted white. This beautiful house on the New Jersey coast exhibits in a marked degree the sculptural quality of architecture, a three dimensional plasticity, which is often neglected in many buildings of the more simple kind. Marcel Breuer has succeeded in making each of the facades of this elementary boxlike design have an interest of its own, by playing with their colour, light and shade effects, texture and combination of materials.La casa McMullan, construida en la playa, está proyectada para ser habitada durante todo el año. En esencia es un bloque paralelepipédico, elevado sobre las dunas y sustentado por un sistema de columnas y vigas de madera vistas, tanto en el interior como en el exterior. Su planta baja alberga: la entrada principal, habitación de huéspedes o de servicio con baño y una ducha con acceso desde la playa. El primer piso agrupa las dependencias nobles. Y el segundo, la zona de dormitorios. Las fachadas norte y sur presentan pocos huecos al exterior; y las este y oeste disponen de galerías con persianas correderas y celosías, que, además de proporcionar intimidad a la

  14. La conformación de una frontera interna en las riberas del Tesechoacán

    OpenAIRE

    Hoffmann , Odile; Palma , Rafael

    2009-01-01

    El capítulo trata de visualizar la lenta construcción regional en el Sur veracruzano, subrayando aquellos procesos históricos que intervienen en la configuración del municipio de Playa Vicente hasta llegar a su singular geografía actual. La diferenciación intra-regional fue un motor muy importante para los variados pulsos de colonización, esfuerzos que terminaron por incidir en las distinciones internas que hoy privan en el municipio: distinciones entre espacios poblados de otros despoblados,...

  15. La ubicación de Colombia en la cuenca del Pacífico, una puerta de entrada a la economía de Asia Pacífico

    OpenAIRE

    Salazar Soto, Sergio

    2013-01-01

    Suramérica se encuentra ubicado en el Tercer Continente, rodeado por playas del Océano Atlántico y del océano pacifico, siendo los países de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Chile los más beneficiados por su posición geográfica, sin embargo a esto se puede agregar que países de Centro y Norte América también gozan de este privilegio, al tener riveras y ser bañados por el mar pacífico dejando entrever su importancia para la economía mundial, la globalización del mercado hacia otros continentes como ...

  16. Academic performance study in young athletes from Playas de Castellón Athletics Club

    OpenAIRE

    Ana Capdevila Seder; Héctor Bellmunt Villalonga; Carlos Hernando Domingo

    2014-01-01

    The study analyzed the possible relationship between academic performance of young athletes and some of the variables most used in this field. The sample consisted of 40 athletes Athletics Club Playas de Castellón, between 14 and 16 years, 22 boys and 18 girls. The main variables analyzed were academic performance, study habits, gender, sleep, sedentary leisure, socioeconomic status and dedication to sport. The instruments used were questionnaires CHTE (habits and study skills), PFYTL (physic...

  17. The economic valuation of the recreational benefits of Dichato Beach (tome-Chlie)

    OpenAIRE

    Sergio Alonso Orrego; Arcadio Cerda; Felipe Vásquez

    1997-01-01

    Las condiciones naturales y la infraestructura de servicios existente en la playa de Dichato (VIII Región-Chile), posibilitan la presencia de un considerable número de familias durante las temporadas de verano. Mediante la adecuada aplicación del método del costo de viaje, es posible estimar la demanda recreacional de la playa y sus beneficios económicos. El documento privilegia la modelación del número de viajes efectuados durante un período de tiempo determinado, y en este sentido presenta ...

  18. Aplicación de directrices de calidad para la gestión y uso turístico de balnearios y playas

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    Claudia Toselli

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La aplicación de estándares de calidad es hoy un tema prioritario en las agendas del turismo internacional. Particularmente, en los últimos años, se ha dedicado mucho esfuerzo al establecimiento de códigos, criterios y sistemas de certificación turística para orientar tanto a los operadores turísticos y los actores locales, como a los propios turistas. En Argentina, ante la necesidad de abocarse a la mejora de la calidad ambiental y turística de la prestación de servicios en playas, los organismos nacionales rectores en materia de turismo, por un lado, y de medio ambiente, por el otro, aunaron esfuerzos para la elaboración de un conjunto de directrices que promovieran la gestión de calidad y el cuidado ambiental en áreas costeras y litorales fluviales, lacustres y marítimas. Estas directrices establecen una serie de lineamientos específicos al respecto, particularmente proveen un marco de referencia para la prestación de servicios en dichas áreas, y actualmente están incluidas en el Sistema Argentino de Calidad Turística. En esta línea, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido conocer en qué grado estas directrices son aplicadas en balnearios en proceso de consolidación. Para ello se tomaron como estudio de caso dos balnearios de la provincia de Entre Ríos, ubicados en la localidad de Gualeguaychú sobre el margen del río del mismo nombre y bajo concesión por parte del sector privado. A partir de la aplicación de dichas directrices se reconoce que éstas son consideradas de manera parcial en ambos balnearios, lo cual puede encontrar explicación en la falta de obligatoriedad de las mismas. Por lo tanto, en esta directriz se indican algunas recomendaciones sobre las que los balnearios seleccionados tendrían que seguir trabajando y profundizando.

  19. Cultivo del pargo de la mancha Lutjanus guttatus (pisces: Lutjanidae en jaulas flotantes.

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    Ricardo Gutiérrez Vargas

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available En dos ensayos paralelos realizados frente a Playa Pájaros, en el Golfo de Nicoya, se engordaron pargos manchados (Lutjanus guttatus obtenidos del medio hasta 275 y 485 g, respectivamente, usando fauna de descarte obtenida de barcos camaroneros. La tasa de crecimiento fue de 1,87 y 1,7 g/día, respectivamente, el factor de conversión fue de 7,88 (alimento húmedo o 1,77 (alimento seco. La mortalidad se estimó en un 6% en todo el experimento. Se calcularon los costos de alimentación usando la fauna de descarte.

  20. Pedo-Chemical Studies on Saline Playas in the Arabian Shelf

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    M.S. AI-Sewailem

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available This research was undertaken to study the pedo-chemical characteristics of selected playas (sabkhahs in the Arabian Shelf. Results indicated that most of the sabkhahs are flat to almost flat having salt crusts with variable thickness. Profiles representing the sabkhah surface are extremely saline compared with that of the surrounding landscapes. The dominant soluble salts are Cl- and SO4(2- of Na+ followed by Ca2 + or Mg2+. The compositions of the coastal sabkhahs profile layers are closely related to the Gulf water composition while the inland playas are more associated with local conditions. This was continued from the similarity in salt levels, ion molar ratios and relatively high correlation coefficients between the electrical conductivity of soluble salts (EC and either soluble B3+ (r2 =0.80 or soluble Mg2 (r2=0.60 in coastal compared with that of the inland sabkhahs (r2=0.17 and (r2 =O.37, respectively. The main pedological process affecting the formation of coastal sabkhahs is the upward movement of the water table which is rich in sales originating from the Gulf waters either directly or through wind action. Leaching, accumulation of sediments and evaporative concentrations of the solutes are the processes prevailing in the inland sabkhahs. Salt crusts are dominated by Cl-and SO4(2- of Na+ , Mg2+ and Ca2+ salts while K+ salts are relatively low. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the presence of halite, gypsum and carbonate minerals. Epsomite and bloedtte minerals were identified in both coastal and inland sabkhahs. Specific minerals and relative abundance was quite variable between the salt cmsts due to the characteristic conditions of each sabkhah. The major differences between the inland and coastal sablthahs are related to the source, composition and depth of the water table and consequently the composition and mineralogy of the surface salt crusts.

  1. Necesidades de aprendizaje del especialista de Medicina General Integral, acerca de la conducta suicida Learning needs of the specialist in Integral General Medicine on the suicidal behavior

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    Víctor Tadeo Pérez Martínez

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Las necesidades de aprendizaje o capacitación se dan a partir del contraste entre el desempeño ideal y el real, bien sea para un individuo o un grupo determinado. Constituyen el punto de partida para la búsqueda de una solución pedagógica que capacite y contribuya a la transformación cualitativa de los servicios de salud. Su oportuna identificación, es una herramienta de la educación permanente. Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje de los médicos que laboran en los equipos de atención primaria de salud, acerca de la conducta suicida, en tres policlínicos del municipio Playa. Métodos: Se realizó la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje mediante un cuestionario escrito, que se aplicó de forma colectiva y anónima a 20 especialistas de Medicina General Integral, seleccionados al azar, que laboran en tres policlínicos del extremo Este, del municipio Playa. Resultados: Se puntualizaron las deficiencias e insuficiencias de los conocimientos y habilidades profesionales acerca del comportamiento suicida, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la perspectiva clínica de este complejo y multidimensional fenómeno. Conclusiones: A pesar de que la conducta suicida constituye, en el primer nivel de atención, uno de los programas priorizados, en lo que a salud mental se refiere, la mayoría de los especialistas presenta dificultades en la atención integral de estos pacientes, lo cual constituye un riesgo poco explorado. En ocasiones, su evaluación adolece, de elementos de indagación y análisis, lo que afecta el adecuado seguimiento de estos.Introduction: Learning needs or training appear from the contrast between the ideal and real performance whether for an subject or a determined group, being the start point for search of a educational solution training and contributing to qualitative transformation of health services. Its timely identification is a tool of the permanent education. Objectives: To

  2. Caracterización del síndrome climatérico en mujeres hipertensas y normotensas

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    Miguel Lugones Botell

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 8 consultorios médicos del Policlínico Docente "26 de julio", del municipio Playa, de las mujeres hipertensas esenciales comprendidas entre las edades de 40 a 59 años, desde el 1ro de febrero hasta el 31 de diciembre de 1999. En cada consultorio se partió del registro de dispensarización y se excluyeron las mujeres diabéticas, las que presentaran complicaciones renales y del sistema nervioso central. Fueron estudiadas todas las hipertensas esenciales, a las que se les aplicó un cuestionario que recogía la edad, la ocupación, el estado civil, la tensión arterial según la etapa del climaterio o la menopausia, así como la edad de la menarquia y de la menopausia. Se concluyó que la mayoría de las pacientes, tanto hipertensas como normotensas, no tenían vínculo laboral, predominó el número de mujeres hipertensas sin pareja y las presiones arteriales sistólicas y diastólicas fueron superiores en mujeres hipertensas perimenopáusica. La edad de la menarquia y de la menopausia fue discretamente más tardía en las hipertensasA crosswise descriptive study of essential hypertensive females aged 40-59 years was conducted from February 1st to December 31st, 1999 in 8 physician’s offices in "26 de Julio" teaching polyclinics, Playa municipality. The classification register was used in each office. Women with diabetes, renal disorders and control nervous system problems were excluded. All the essential hypertensive women were studied by applying a questionnaire which included age, occupation, mental status, blood pressure according to the stage of climateric or menopause as well as ages at which menarche and menopause occurred. It was concluded that most of the patients either hypertensive or normotensive did not work; the hypertensive women without partners prevailed and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in perimenopausal hypertensive females. Ages at which menarche

  3. Del masoquismo y otros destinos de pulsión. (On Masochism and Other Vicissitudes of the Drive.

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    Kelly Vargas García

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo es el resultado del trabajo llevado a cabo en las jornadas de trabajo Freud 100 años después, Universidad de Antioquia, 2015; comporta una reflexión del texto Pulsiones y destinos de Pulsión de 1915 y la literatura como recurso, en particular la obra del escritor Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch; se establece así un puente de discusión y comprensión de la teoría de las pulsiones, de la noción de masoquismo y su lugar en la constitución de las neurosis. palabras clave: Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch, Masoquismo, Pulsiones, Literatura-Psicoanálisis. Abstract This paper is the result of the work carried out in the conference "Freud 100 years later", University of Antioquia, 2015. It presents a reflection on the text Instincts and Their Vicissitudes from 1915 and on literature as a resource, particularly Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch's work. Thus, a discussion and comprehension link is established between the theory of the drives, the notion of masochism, and their place in the constitution of neurosis. Keywords: Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch, masochism, drives, literature-psychoanalysis. Résumé Cet article est le résultat du travail des journées « Freud 100 ans après », Université d'Antioquia, 2015. Il présente une réflexion sur le texte Pulsions et destins des pulsions de 1915 et sur la littérature en tant que ressource, notamment l'œuvre de l'écrivain Leopold Von Sacher-Maschon. Un lien de discussion et de compréhension est ainsi fait entre la théorie des pulsions, la notion de masochisme et leur place dans la constitution des névroses. Mots-clés : Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch, masochisme, pulsions, littérature, psychanalyse.

  4. Parásitos patógenos en arena de playa y su relación con condiciones ambientales, en un balneario de Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, 2012-2013

    OpenAIRE

    Guerrero De Abreu, Arli Marlinet; Quiñones O, María Virginia; Sequera P, Ernesto José; Marín Franco, José Luis

    2014-01-01

    Venezuela, presenta una gran variedad de playas frecuentadas durante todo el año, por lo que legalmente se establece un monitoreo permanente de niveles de contaminación para su clasificación "apta" o no para bañistas. Sin embargo, esto no contempla la evaluación parasitológica en la arena de playa como criterio para la referida clasificación. Por ello, la presencia de sólo una forma parasitaria patógena indica que existe contaminación fecal dado por personas, animales o acúmulo de basura a lo...

  5. Determinación de la secuencia de precipitación salina en la laguna de La Playa (Zaragoza, España. 1. Condiciones de equilibrio mineral y simulación teórica del proceso

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    Gómez, J.

    1999-04-01

    a primary precipitation process for thenardite and bloedite, two minerals whose genesis has been commonly related with either saline efflorescence or transformation processes of previously precipitated minerals.Las salmueras de la laguna La Playa (Zaragoza, de tipo Na-Cl y pH neutro, alcanzan elevadas concentraciones durante su ciclo evaporativo (con valores de fuerza iónica superiores a 10 molal. En este trabajo se estudia la evolución geoquímica de estas salmueras determinando, mediante el código PHRQPITZ, las actividades iónicas y los índices de saturación mineral en una serie de muestras temporalmente distribuidas a lo largo de su pauta evaporativa. Los cálculos realizados han mostrado que todas las salmueras se encontraban prácticamente saturadas respecto a calcita, yeso y anhidrita. La evolución del sistema sobre el diagrama de campos de estabilidad ha puesto de manifiesto que el yeso es la fase estable de sulfato cálcico durante la mayor parte del proceso. En las etapas de mayor concentración alcanzan el equilibrio tres minerales salinos: halita, thenardita y bloedita. Por otra parte, las pautas evolutivas de mirabilita, glauberita, polihalita y epsomita indican que no existen evidencias de un proceso activo de precipitación directa de ninguno de estos minerales, al menos para el rango de concentración de las salmueras muestreadas. Sin embargo, la interpretación del estado de saturación de la mirabilita debe realizarse con cuidado debido a la ausencia de datos de temperatura de campo de las salmueras. Los cálculos de saturación realizados a 15° C indican que la mirabilita se ve afectada por procesos de reequilibrio provocados por descensos térmicos puntuales (oscilaciones día-noche. La comparación de estos resultados con los obtenidos por Garcés et al. (1991, 1992 evidencia que la formulación de Pitzer es la más adecuada de las actualmente existentes para el tratamiento fisicoquímico de soluciones de concentración elevada. La

  6. Mineralogical and geochemical studies on borate deposits from the Shahr- e - Babak playa (Khatoonabad and Robat - Marvast, Kerman province - Iran

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    Atefeh Ghaedi

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Introduction Borate deposits are often important constituents of economic non - marine evaporates. They produce under arid climatic conditions in playa lakes (Floyd et al., 1998. In the south – western parts of the Kerman province, such as the Khatoonabad area (east of the city of Shahr –e –Babak and Robat – Marvast basin (west of Shahr – e – Babak, there are several borate deposits. They can be seen mainly in Sanandaj – Sirjan depressions and they occur as borate bearing nodules beneath a thin layer of soil. In general, boron considerably reduces the thermal expansion of glass, provides good resistance to vibration, high temperatures and thermal shock, and improves its toughness, strength, chemical resistance and durability. It also greatly reduces the viscosity of the glass melt. These features, and others, allow it to form superior glass for many industrial and specialty applications (Garrett, 1998. In the past, the ancient residents used them as co-melting matters. Ulexite which is frequently found in the Khatoonabad playa (at 30 km South East of Shahr Babak have Jewel properties (Ghaedi et al., 2014. Materials and methods After reviewing and Library Studies, geological field studies on the borate deposits were carried out from Shahr – e – Babak Playa. In order to take better samples, several pits were excavated with a depth of 30 cm to 1 meter so that borate minerals became apparent. X-ray diffraction analysis (IMIDRO, Karaj, and ICP AES (ALS CHEMEX, Canada methods were carried out on representative samples taken from the studied area. Discussion Field observations show that in the studied areas, borate bearing basins are fed by rivers which have originated from Sanandaj – Sirjan metamorphic rocks, Nain – Baft colored mélanges and igneous rocks of Urumieh – Dokhtar magmatic belt. Borate minerals also occur in fibrous aggregates and massive forms. Mineralogy XRD results show that the studied borate minerals mainly

  7. TURISMO DE SOL Y PLAYA. ANÁLISIS DE LA DEMANDA EN BOAVISTA (CABO VERDE)

    OpenAIRE

    Castillo-Canalejonio, Ana María; Sánchez Cañizares, Sandra Mª

    2015-01-01

    El turismo de sol y playa ha jugado un papel destacado en el desarrollo socioeconómico de muchos países y las islas siempre han atraído a un gran número de visitantes seducidos por lo exótico. Paralelamente, la demanda de los turistas desde hace unos años, manifiesta una tendencia a buscar nuevas satisfacciones y así aparecen nuevos destinos turísticos. En esta línea el objetivo de este artículo es explorar las posibilidades de desarrollar un turismo sostenible en la isla de Boavista (Cabo Ve...

  8. Evaluación Rápida del Ecosistema Marino Desarrollado en la Zona de Carga de la Planta Pampa Melchorita de Perú LNG.

    OpenAIRE

    Chamorro, Alan; Contreras, Christian; Raschio, Giancarlo

    2014-01-01

    La Planta Pampa Melchorita de Perú LNG se establece sobre un ecosistema costero árido el cual limita por el oeste con un acantilado rocoso y cuyas condiciones ambientales corresponden a un ecosistema marino con playas, un litoral rocoso y una zona pelágica; las tres sub-unidades han sufrido modificaciones físicas, donde estas modificaciones podrían haber generado variaciones en la biodiversidad local. El principal objetivo del presente estudio es describir las principales características b...

  9. Mar del Plata (Argentina: la ciudad balnearia de los porteños en el Atlántico suroccidental

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    Yvanne Bouvet

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Nacida a fines del siglo 19, Mar del Plata ha devenido —en el término de un siglo— en balneario por excelencia de Buenos Aires y de la Argentina en general. La cultura estival de la playa la ha hecho evolucionar desde un turismo elitista hacia un turismo de masas, impulsando el desarrollo de espacios y estructuras destinadas a alojamiento y ocio para cerca de 3 millones de personas cada año. Con un espacio urbano fuertemente segregativo y en expansión, el litoral está sometido a una fuerte presión antrópica, a una erosión contínua y a una degradación en la calidad de sus aguas. La crisis social, económica y política que atraviesa Argentina crea condiciones poco favorables para la actividad turística y ensombrece el futuro de Mar del Plata.

  10. Biología pesquera de la langosta Panulirus gracilis en Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica

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    Helven Naranjo Madrigal

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Los parámetros biológicos y pesqueros analizados se fundamentaron en una muestra de 843 langostas provenientes de la actividad pesquera realizada en Playa Lagarto entre noviembre del 2007 y octubre del 2008. Las longitudes cefalotoráxicas de los machos estuvo comprendida entre los 143.6 y 42.8 y 115 y 35.8mm para hembras. El 74.9% de las langostas en los desembarques estuvo por debajo de la talla mínima legal de captura (80 mm de LC. La estructura de tallas muestra un considerable solapamiento de segmentos poblacionales y el incremento de las tallas con la profundidad en donde operan las dos modalidades de pesca estudiadas: el buceo a pulmón y el buceo con compresor. La proporción de sexos obtenida fue de 1.36 M:H. La relación entre LC y peso reveló que las hembras pesan más que los machos de una misma talla y que esta diferencia fue significativa (p<0.05. Los parámetros de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy para machos y hembras respectivamente (K=0.45-0.38, LC∞=166.9-121.7 indican un crecimiento acelerado en comparación a otras especies. Los machos por su parte exhibieron una mayor tasa de crecimiento que las hembras. Además, la mortalidad natural (M, la mortalidad total (Z y la mortalidad por pesca (F fue más alta en machos (0.49-2.34-1.92 que en hembras (0.47-1.82-1.42. El reclutamiento para ambos sexos presentó un comportamiento continuó durante el año con un pulso de mayor intensidad en julio de 18.5%. El significativo porcentaje de langostas por debajo de la talla mínima legal permitida para la pesca evidencia fuerte presión ejercida sobre las tallas juveniles. Afirmación que es reforzada por el valor de la tasa de explotación (E determinada de 0.80, que indica que bajo el actual régimen de pesca la población estaría en riesgo de colapso.

  11. Biocenosis de Bivalvia y Polyplacophora del intermareal rocoso en playa Tlacopanocha, Acapulco, Guerrero, México Polyplacophora and Bivalvia biocenosis at rocky intertidal Tlacopanocha beach, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico

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    Lizeth Galeana-Rebolledo

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available El Estado de Guerrero, México, tiene regiones marinas prioritarias para la conservación de su biodiversidad y la información acerca de la diversidad de moluscos es escasa, por lo que es necesario realizar inventarios de especies, estudios de ecología de poblaciones y comunidades. Este estudio se efectuó en el intermareal rocoso de la playa Tlacopanocha. Los objetivos fueron: determinar la riqueza, densidad y diversidad de especies; analizar la composición de especies y estructura de tallas. El área de muestreo fue de 10 m² y la unidad de muestreó fue de 1 m². Se identificaron 35 especies, de las cuales tres son nuevos registros para el intermareal rocoso de Guerrero: las familias mejor representadas en riqueza de especies fueron Ischnochitonidae y Arcidae, y en abundancia Chitonidae y Chamidae; la densidad fue de 31,60 ind m-2. Polyplacophora presentó 42,9% de especies dominantes y Bivalvia 19,0%. Chama corallina presentó la mayor talla en longitud y Chama sordida en ancho. La riqueza de especies de moluscos registrada se considera alta y corresponde a lo esperado para un sustrato rocoso en zona tropical. Polyplacophora presentó alta composición de especies, que podría ser resultado de la adaptación de los organismos a las condiciones dinámicas del intermareal rocoso. Los nuevos registros indican la importancia de los inventarios de especies y también del conocimiento de las poblaciones y comunidades de la fauna marina de Guerrero.The State of Guerrero, Mexico, has priority marine areas for conservation of its biodiversity, but information concerning diversity of mollusks is limited, so it is convenient to carry out species inventories, studies of populations and community ecology. This study was conducted in the intertidal rocky beach Tlacopanocha. The objectives were to determine richness, density and species diversity, analyze the species composition and size structure. The sampling area was 10 m² and the sampling unit was

  12. A hydrous Ca-bearing magnesium carbonate from playa lake sediments, Salines Lake, Spain

    Science.gov (United States)

    Queralt, I.; Julia, R.; Plana, F.; Bischoff, J.L.

    1997-01-01

    Sediments of playa Lake Salines, SE, Spain, contain a carbonate mineral characterized by X-ray diffraction peaks very similar to, but systematically shifted from those of pure magnesite. Analyses (SEM, IR and Raman spectroscopy, DTA, TGA, and ICP) indicate the mineral is a hydrous Ca-bearing magnesium carbonate with the chemical formula (Mg0.92,Ca0.08)CO3??3H2O. Thermal characteristics of the mineral are similar to those of other known hydrated magnesium carbonates. X-ray and electron diffraction data suggests a monoclinic system (P21/n space group) with unit-cell parameters of a = 6.063(6), b = 10.668(5), and c = 6.014(4) A?? and ?? = 107.28??.

  13. Vulnerabilidad y adaptabilidad al ascenso del nivel del mar en humedales y poblaciones costeras: el manglar del humedal nacional Térraba-Sierpe de Osa, Costa Rica

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    Valverde Sánchez, Ricardo

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El pronosticado ascenso en el nivel medio del mar convierte a los litorales costarricenses en espacios vulnerables. Las características geomorfológicas predominantes de la costa pacífica costarricense, consistente de playas en el frente de llanuras aluviales y marismas, convierte a esta región en una zona susceptible a la expansión marina como resultado del ascenso del nivel del mar. Es bajo este contexto que la presente investigación busca analizar la vulnerabilidad de poblaciones y ecosistemas costeros, en una unidad geográfica específica del litoral del pacífico sur costarricense: el manglar del Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe (HNTS, así como dotar a estos entornos y comunidades humanas dependientes de los mismos de herramientas que ayuden a reducir su vulnerabilidad. El análisis socioespacial evidencia espacios costeros donde coexisten poblaciones humanas y bosques de mangle vulnerables a la trasgresión y expansión marinas asociadas con el ascenso del nivel del mar. La percepción de la población consultada y las observaciones de campo, constatan que el crecimiento del nivel del mar constituye un factor que está generando modificaciones en la dinámica costera, con las consecuentes repercusiones sobre el manglar y sus poblaciones. The geomorphologic traits of Costa Rica's Pacific coastline, consisting of beachfronts on coastal plains and sea marshes, turn it into a vulnerable spatial unit to the predicted rise in the average sea level with its subsequent sea water expansion. Under this scenario, the current research focuses on analyzing the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems and their human settlements, in a specific geographical unit of Costa Rica's south Pacific coast: The mangrove of the Terraba-Sierpe National Wetland, as well as on providing these surroundings and their depending communities with some tools oriented to diminish their vulnerability. The socio-spatial analysis shows coastal areas with human populations

  14. Análisis del papel del turismo residencial en la cabecera municipal de Ixtapan de la Sal, Estado de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esteban Arias

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo es resultado de un trabajo de tesis para la obtención del título de licenciatura. El propósito del estudio fue analizar los efectos que genera el turismo residencial en Ixtapan de la Sal a fin de conocer de manera puntual la incidencia en el desarrollo turístico de este destino. El método aplicado en este trabajo, fue el clínico y se empleó con la finalidad de conocer la situación actual del turismo residencial. Así también, con el método deductivo emanado de la revisión teórica de la propuesta de Daniel Hiernaux en su obra Segundas Residencias fue posible lograr confrontar su teoría con los datos recogidos en campo. A partir de la década de los cuarenta, el turismo en México ha presentado distintas modalidades: el turismo de sol y playa; el turismo religioso o el ecoturismo; particularmente, el turismo residencial es una tendencia de reciente auge, práctica aún cuestionada como modalidad turística por no hacer uso de los servicios de alojamiento hotelero como lo hace el turismo convencional, pero que tiene repercusiones importantes en las comunidades anfitrionas, como es el caso de estudio.

  15. Prevalencia del uso de teléfonos móviles durante la conducción de vehículos Prevalence of mobile phone use while driving vehicles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. Astrain

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia del uso de teléfono móvil durante la conducción de vehículos en la ciudad de Lleida. Métodos: Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 1.536 automóviles en 6 cruces regulados por semáforos de la ciudad de Lleida (3 con tráfico urbano y 3 con tráfico interurbano. Se excluyeron ciclistas, motoristas y automóviles de autoescuelas. Las variables estudiadas fueron uso de teléfono móvil, sexo, edad (18-40; 41-60; > 61 años, ir acompañado en el vehículo, tipo de cruce (tráfico urbano/tráfico interurbano, día de la semana (laborable/festivo y hora del día (punta/no punta. Se calculó la prevalencia del uso de teléfono móvil en porcentajes con un intervalo de confianza (IC del 95%. La relación de la variable dependiente (uso de teléfono móvil con el resto de variables independientes se estudió con la odds ratio (OR y con IC del 95%. Resultados: Se realizaron 1.536 observaciones directas y se detectó uso de teléfono móvil en 50 conductores. La prevalencia fue del 3,3% (IC del 95%, 2,4-4,3. Esta prevalencia fue superior en los varones (OR = 2,2; IC del 95%, 1,0-5,7 en los mayores de 60 años (OR = 2,2; IC del 95%, 0,5-8,4 y en el grupo de 18-40 años (OR = 1,5; IC del 95%, 0,8-3,0, en conductores sin acompañante (OR = 3,0; IC del 95%, 1,5-6,3, en cruces urbanos (OR = 2,7; IC del 95%, 1,2-5,9, en días laborables (OR = 2,0; IC del 95%, 0,9-4,4 y en horas punta (OR = 1,4; IC del 95%, 0,8-2,4. Conclusiones: La prevalencia del uso de teléfono móvil durante la conducción se considera elevada por el incremento del riesgo de accidentes. El perfil de los usuarios se corresponde con varones de 18 a 40 años o mayores de 61, en circuitos urbanos, sin acompañante, en días laborables y horas punta. Se recomienda tomar medidas para reducir el uso de teléfono móvil durante la conducción.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of mobile telephone use while driving vehicles in

  16. Quaternary lacustrine braid deltas on Lake General Carrera in southern Chile Deltas entrelazados lacustres del Cuaternario en el lago General Carrera, sur de Chile

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    C. Mike Bell

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available A series of Quaternary lacustrine braid deltas on the shores of Lake General Carrera in southern Chile formed as a result of falls in lake level. Each delta comprises two components, the delta fan and the beach embayment, each in turn comprising an onshore subaerial and an offshore subaqueous element. The delta fans have a classic Gilbert form with a braided delta top and a steeply inclined delta front. Adjacent to the fans are concave beach embayments that formed parallel with the deltas as they prograded into the lake. The delta sediments consist predominantly of matrix- and clast-supported gravéis to a total composite thickness exceeding 400 m. The depositional environments are dominated by ephemeral river flooding and by storm-driven waves. Beach sediment is sorted, rounded, winnowed and transported alongshore by waves to fill the beach embayment with ridges of very well sorted and well-rounded gravel. A gently-dipping shoreface platform occurs up to 100 m offshore between the beach and the brink point. From the brink point, in water depth of about 8 m, sediment cascades down the steep delta front slope to form long foresets extending to the lake floor. The sedimentary successions therefore wedge in the opposite direction from those of tectonically controlled basin margins where fan growth keeps pace with basin subsidence.Una serie de deltas entrelazados lacustres, pertenecientes al Cuaternario, ubicados en las costas del lago General Carrera, en el sur de Chile, se formaron como resultado de caídas en el nivel del lago. Cada delta consta de dos componentes: el abanico deltaico y la zona de embahiamiento. Cada uno de ellos tiene, a su vez, un elemento subaéreo costero y un elemento subacuático. Los abanicos deltaicos tienen una forma Gilbert clásica con una parte superior de ríos entrelazados y un frente deltaico empinado. Adyacente a los abanicos aluviales existen bahías cóncavas de playa que se formaron de manera paralela a los

  17. El conocimiento de la Posidonia oceanica y sus funciones ecológicas como herramienta de gestión litoral. La realización de encuestas a los usuarios de playas y calas de la isla de Menorca

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    Francesc Xavier Roig i Munar

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available La Posidonia oceanica juega un papel primordial como producción de sedimento y defensa de las playas y calas de la isla de Menorca. La realización de encuestas de percepción a los usuarios de playa sobre el conocimiento y las funciones ecológicas de esta planta resulta una herramienta de gestión primordial para la conservación y mantenimiento de los espacios litorales insulares.

  18. Proyecto inmobiliario de renovación de hotel en Máncora

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Alvarado, Juan Manuel

    2015-01-01

    El presente estudio analiza la viabilidad para el desarrollo de un proyecto inmobiliario de renovación hotelera en el departamento Piura. El nuevo hotel a desarrollar se edificaría sobre un terreno de 2,116 m2 ubicado en primera frente al mar en la playa Las Pocitas en el distrito de Máncora. Máncora se encuentra localizada a unos 1,200 km al norte de Lima y forma parte de Las Playas del Norte, uno de los destinos turísticos estratégicos del país. Cuenta con un envidiable clima con 300 d...

  19. Academic performance study in young athletes from Playas de Castellón Athletics Club

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    Ana Capdevila Seder

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The study analyzed the possible relationship between academic performance of young athletes and some of the variables most used in this field. The sample consisted of 40 athletes Athletics Club Playas de Castellón, between 14 and 16 years, 22 boys and 18 girls. The main variables analyzed were academic performance, study habits, gender, sleep, sedentary leisure, socioeconomic status and dedication to sport. The instruments used were questionnaires CHTE (habits and study skills, PFYTL (physical practice and use of leisure time and the Questionnaire for parents. The results showed that academic performance was positively correlated with the dedication to sport and negatively with sleep. In addition, the female gender had a higher performance than male.

  20. Academic performance study in young athletes from Playas de Castellón Athletics Club

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Capdevila Seder

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available The study analyzed the possible relationship between academic performance of young athletes and some of the variables most used in this field. The sample consisted of 40 athletes Athletics Club Playas de Castellón, between 14 and 16 years, 22 boys and 18 girls. The main variables analyzed were academic performance, study habits, gender, sleep, sedentary leisure, socioeconomic status and dedication to sport. The instruments used were questionnaires CHTE (habits and study skills, PFYTL (physical practice and use of leisure time and the Questionnaire for parents. The results showed that academic performance was positively correlated with the dedication to sport and negatively with sleep. In addition, the female gender had a higher performance than male.

  1. Dispersión de la pluma de efluente sanitario en playa Boracéia, Sao Paulo

    OpenAIRE

    Pedrera Yanes, Jacqueline; Pinto Ortiz, Jayme; Siqueira Garciaz, Robinson

    2014-01-01

    Estudios de sistemas de emisarios submarinos son de gran importancia en Brasil, teniendo en cuenta la relación costo- beneficio y el impacto ambiental. El análisis técnico de esta opción debe ir acompañado de un análisis de impacto ambiental en la zona de descarga para adaptar el sistema a la legislación vigente, regulada en Brasil por el Consejo Nacional de Medio Ambiente. En este trabajo se estudia la posibilidad de implementación de un emisario submarino en la playa Boracéia. Fue realizada...

  2. End-Pleistocene to Holocene paleoenvironmental record from piston corer samples and the challenge of stratigraphic correlation of playa sediment data with a connected alluvial apron from Damghan Basin, Iran

    Science.gov (United States)

    Büdel, Christian; Hoelzmann, Philipp; Wennrich, Volker; Majid Padashi, Sajed; Baumhauer, Roland

    2015-04-01

    The study yields a first characterization and correlation of the end-Pleistocene to Holocene sediment archive of playa and playa lake deposits in the Damghan Basin, northern Iran. The Basin sediments are deposited since Mio- and Pliocene, which is valid for the connected alluvial fans, too. These are covering the area between the playa and mountains and while prograding from the mountain ranges they deliver gravels and fine-sediments to the basins sink. The processes on the studied alluvial apron are described and dated already and can be explained in seven morphodynamic phases, which are linked to a general lake level high-stand in north-east Iran at about 8000-9000 years ago. If and how these phases are passed on from the alluvial record down to the playa sediment record is aim of this study. Today the salt pans margins are highly affected by salt tectonic drifting and access was suboptimal. Only here drilling could be performed through about 280 centimeters of salt-crust unfrequently intercalated with loamy layers. For yielding undisturbed playa sediment records sampling was performed with inliner-tubes deployed in a piston corer (Kullenberg type). Thus at two different drilling sites in summation seven cores could be taken, down to a maximum depth of 129 cm and 1000 cm. Back in Germany the cores had been opened and initially described, photographed and optically scanned with a core logger. Regarding future studies, the aim was a best possible comprehensive documentation of the cores. Therefore basically grainsize measurements (laser diffraction), multi element analyses (XRF, ICP-OES, titrimetry) and mineralogical measurements (XRD) had been deployed on samples taken from every single previously identified layer. Continuous elemental data was secured by use of a XRF-scanning core logger. The sedimentological description together with laboratory element analyses shows saline conditions in the first three meters coincide with general coarser grain sizes. The next

  3. Factores ecológicos asociados con la presencia de larvas de Aedes aegypti en zonas de alta infestación del municipio Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba Ecological factors linked to the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in highly infested areas of Playa, a municipality belonging to Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Andrés Bisset Lazcano

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Identificar los factores ecológicos locales que pudieron incidir en la mayor infestación vectorial con Aedes aegypti observada en cuatro áreas de salud urbanas de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, así como los tipos de depósitos con mayor número de larvas. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo en cuatro áreas de salud (Docente, 28 de Enero, 26 de Julio y 1.° de Enero del municipio Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, seleccionadas por la presencia reiterada del vector del dengue en el año 2003. Entre abril de 2004 y marzo de 2005 se inspeccionaron todos los locales de las manzanas seleccionadas. Se caracterizaron los depósitos existentes con agua (tipo, cantidad y ubicación y los factores ecológicos observados (existencia de patio y de sombra, forma en que estaban tapados los tanques, presencia de materia orgánica en ellos e higiene de la vivienda. Se contaron las larvas y pupas de mosquitos de cada depósito mediante filtración. La identificación taxonómica de las pupas se realizó con microscopio estereoscópico. RESULTADOS: Los depósitos en que se encontraron larvas y pupas de A. aegypti con mayor frecuencia en todas las áreas fueron los tanques bajos y los pequeños depósitos artificiales. En tres de las áreas estudiadas la mayor cantidad de pupas se encontró en los tanques bajos (88,6%, 100% y 56,6%, de los cuales 90,9% se encontraban destapados o tapados solo parcialmente, mientras que en el área restante los pequeños depósitos artificiales fueron los más frecuentes (85,7%. Se encontró correlación entre el número de depósitos infestados en las viviendas con la presencia de patio (ji2 = 29,59; P = 0,0001, de sombra parcial (ji2 = 4,108; P = 0,0001, de vegetación (ji2 = 43,59; P = 0,0001 y de árboles (ji2 = 101,459; P = 0,0001, así como con la mala higiene (c² = 53,76; P = 0,0001. CONCLUSIÓN: Los depósitos artificiales, especialmente los tanques bajos y los recipientes pequeños, son las criaderos más frecuentes

  4. Análisis del sistema defensivo en primera línea en voley playa femenino. [Analysis of the defense system of the net in women’s beach volleyball].

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    Gemma María Gea

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available La técnica de bloqueo se considera una acción discriminatoria de la victoria en el juego. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar las acciones defensivas de primera línea en voley playa femenino. Las principales variables criterio analizadas fueron el sistema de juego defensivo, el nivel de juego exhibido por las parejas participantes y su clasificación. La muestra objeto de estudio estuvo compuesta por 38 jugadoras, divididas en función de su nivel de juego, en 13 parejas con nivel de juego nacional, y 6 con nivel internacional (disputan torneos internacionales representando a España. Fueron analizados 15 partidos, registrándose 1.444 secuencias defensivas completas en primera línea defensiva. Se realizó un estudio de confiabilidad, para determinar el grado de concordancia inter e intraobservadores, llegando a alcanzar una concordancia entre los observadores >.80, lo que avala la calidad de los datos. Los resultados del análisis correlacional mostraron una diferencia en el sistema defensivo utilizado tras el cruce de variables criterio estudiadas, mostrando el test de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson una significación en el cruce (χ² de Pearson AbstractThe defense of the net is considered a discriminatory action of the victory in the game. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the defense of the net actions in women’s beach volleyball. The main variables analyzed were the defensive game system, the game level exhibited by participating couples and their classification in the game. The sample was consisted of 38 players, divided according to their level of play, in 13 couples with national level, and 6 international level (players who compete in internationals tournaments representing Spain. 15 games were analyzed, recording 1.444 complete sequences in defense of the net. A study of confiability was carried out, to determine the degree of agreement inter and intraobservers, reaching to achieve agreement

  5. Orbital rhythms, monsoons, and playa lake response, Olduvai basin, Equatorial East Africa at 1.85-1.75 Ma

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ashley, G. M.

    2001-12-01

    Wet-dry cycles in low latitudes are generally attributed to changes in solar radiation related to the 21 kyr tempo of orbital precession. Stronger insolation drives stronger summer monsoon maxima that increase precipitation and in closed basins produce larger lakes. However, a Plio-Pleistocene record from a closed rift-platform basin near the equator suggests that the obliquity (41 kyr) signal is also present. The 1.85-1.75 Ma sedimentary record deposited in the Olduvai basin, 3oN, reveals clear evidence of periodic expansion and contraction of paleolake Olduvai. The closed basin was 50 km wide and infilled by volcaniclastic material from Ngorongoro volcanic complex in several depositional environments.. A saline-alkaline lake expanded up to 15 km in width and deposited Mg-smectitic claystones. The lake clays in the central basin vary in clay mineralogy and the number of calcite crystal horizons reflecting compositional changes in the lake water. Lake expansions are recorded at the margins where lake clays are intercollated with deltaic and ephemeral fluvial sands and with lake margin wetland deposits. Marine dust records, off both west and east Africa, suggest that the precession signal (21kyr) dominated the climate until 2.8 Ma and the obliquity signal (41kyr) from 2.8 to 0.9 Ma (deMenocal, 1995). In contrast, the stratigraphic sequence for playa lake expansion at Olduvai, that is constrained by the tephra chronology (1.85-1.75 Ma) and paleomagnetic record, documents the combined effects of both obliquity and precession cycles.

  6. Imágenes icónicas. Contrastes en la representación audiovisual del ‘pequeño Aylan’ en el periodismo televisivo español y europeo

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    Estrella ISRAEL-GARZÓN

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es la realización de un análisis contrastivo de la cobertura televisiva de un acontecimiento dramático y de carácter global: la representación audiovisual de un naufragio en las costas de Turquía y, en particular, la recogida en la playa de Bodrum del cuerpo sin vida de un niño sirio de tres años llamado Aylan Kurdi. Su muerte se contextualiza en la huida desesperada de miles de personas hacia Europa, a través de un mar Mediterráneo donde muchos se han dejado la vida. Este estudio reúne las noticias emitidas, en la segunda edición de noche, de los informativos de las cinco grandes cadenas generalistas en España: Telecinco, Cuatro, Antena 3, La Sexta y TVE 1, y compara los resultados con el tratamiento ofrecido en tres televisiones europeas: RAI 1, France 2 y ARD. Como conclusión general, se observa un énfasis acusado, en el uso de la imagen del pequeño sobre la playa, en el marco de un relato más emotivo que informativo. Estamos ante un hecho que trasciende el acontecimiento para convertirse en un icono global, donde Aylan se eleva al rango de símbolo dramático de la tragedia de los refugiados.

  7. Intensidad del síndrome climatérico y su relación con algunos factores socioambientales Climateric syndrome intensity and its relation to some socio-environmental factors

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    Margeris Yanes Calderón

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: expresiones como ….estoy menopáusica, estoy vieja, lo que pasa es que estoy en el climaterio o es el cambio de edad…. suelen no faltar en la consulta multidisciplinaria de climaterio y menopausia del Policlínico «Ana Betancourt», del municipio Playa. Ello motivó la realización de esta investigación, dejando atrás el enfoque biomédico con el que se ha manejado el período climatérico hasta nuestros días para avanzar hacia un enfoque médico social. Objetivo: determinar cómo influyen los factores socioambientales en la intensidad del síndrome climatérico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de 192 mujeres climatéricas pertenecientes a 3 consultorios médicos del Policlínico Universitario «Ana Betancourt», en el municipio Playa de Ciudad de La Habana, en el período comprendido entre junio del año 2006 y mayo de 2007. Resultados: el síndrome climatérico leve prevaleció en el 42,18 % de las mujeres estudiadas, y aquellas con elevado grado de escolaridad tienen una incidencia mayor de síndrome climatérico asintomático o leve; se demostró una estrecha relación entre las mujeres con síndrome climatérico moderado y el funcionamiento familiar disfuncional; las mujeres trabajadoras tienen una tendencia a presentar un síndrome climatérico menos intenso y así lo refleja más del 33 % de ellas, y quedó demostrado que más del 30 % de las mujeres con buena satisfacción de sus necesidades básicas y un entorno higiénico habitacional bueno, tienen una mayor incidencia de síndrome climatérico asintomático o leve, lo cual guarda una estrecha relación con las características socioculturales y económicas del área de salud estudiada. Conclusiones: las mujeres con mayor grado de escolaridad, con estabilidad conyugal y vínculo laboral, que formen parte, además, de familias funcionales o moderadamente funcionales, y que tengan un entorno higiénico habitacional bueno en correspondencia

  8. Patrón reproductivo y talla media de madurez sexual de hembras de la langosta Panulirus gracilis (Decapoda: Palinuridae en Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica

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    Helven Naranjo Madrigal

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available La langosta Panulirus gracilis es importante como recurso pesquero de las comunidades costeras en el Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica. Debido a la importancia de actualizar el conocimiento relacionado con el patrón reproductivo de esta especie, se analizaron 357 especímenes de langostas P. gracilis hembras capturados mediante el buceo con compresor y el buceo a pulmón durante noviembre de 2007 a octubre del 2008 en Playa Lagarto. Se examinó la composición de las tallas por estrato de profundidad, el patrón mensual de la actividad reproductiva (IAR asociado al aumento relativo de la temperatura superficial del océano, y además se determinó la talla media de madurez sexual utilizando Modelos Lineales Generalizados. Los cuatro estados fisiológicos de madurez sexual mostraron que las hembras sin masa espermatófora y no ovígeras, presentaron las menores tallas con una media de 62.3mm de longitud cefalotoráxica (LC. Se observaron características de madurez sexual a partir de tallas muy bajas que van desde 30 a 50mm de LC, encontrándose la menor hembra ovígera reportada para esta especie de 35.8mm de LC y el mayor porcentaje de hembras maduras entre 70 y 80mm de LC. Los porcentajes del IAR se mantuvieron por encima del 50% durante el año, con excepción de los meses de octubre y enero. Además, se observó un aumento en el IAR que inició a partir de abril y continuó hasta agosto asociado a un relativo aumento en la temperatura a partir del mes de marzo, sin embargo esta relación no fue significativa (r²=0.49, p>0.05. No se descarta que la baja talla media de madurez sexual de 70.2mm de LC para P. gracilis en esta región sea causada por las prácticas de pesca. Se recomienda que se establezca una veda en la región de cinco meses (abril-agosto con el fin de proteger la estacionalidad reproductiva de la especie y promover un mayor reclutamiento a las áreas de pesca.

  9. Rasgos sedimentológicos de los fondos marinos de Maspalomas (Gran Canaria

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    Constatino Criado Hernández

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available En el transcurso de Ia expedición oceanográfica 132/2 del ES Poseidón dirigida por el profesor Dr. H. Klug (Grographisches Institut der Universitat Kiel, Alemania, se realizo un muestreo de los sedimentos superficiales en la plataforma continental comprendida entre la Playa de San Agustin y la Playa la Mujer. Se presentan aquí los resultados de los análisis granulométricos y carbométricos obtenidos sobre las muestras recogidas.During the oceanographical survey 132/2 (ES Poseidón leadered by the Dr. H. Klug (Grographisches Institut der Universitat Kiel, Germany were sampled surficial sediments from the continental shelf of Gran Canaria, between Playa San Agustín and Playa de la Mujer. We present the results of grain size and carbonate analysis got from the samples.

  10. Final Scientific/ Technical Report. Playas Grid Reliability and Distributed Energy Research

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Romero, Van [New Mexico Institute Of Mining And Technology, Socorro, NM (United States); Weinkauf, Don [New Mexico Institute Of Mining And Technology, Socorro, NM (United States); Khan, Mushtaq [New Mexico Institute Of Mining And Technology, Socorro, NM (United States); Helgeson, Wes [New Mexico Institute Of Mining And Technology, Socorro, NM (United States); Weedeward, Kevin [New Mexico Institute Of Mining And Technology, Socorro, NM (United States); LeClerc, Corey [New Mexico Institute Of Mining And Technology, Socorro, NM (United States); Fuierer, Paul [New Mexico Institute Of Mining And Technology, Socorro, NM (United States)

    2012-06-30

    found that the benefits of net metering (like savings on investments in infrastructure and on meeting state renewables requirements) outweigh the costs (like the lowered revenue to cover utility infrastructure costs). Many are eagerly awaiting a California Public Utilities Commission study due later this year, in the hopes that it will provide a relatively unbiased look at the issue. Meanwhile, some states continue to pursue virtual net metering policies. Under Colorado’s Solar Gardens Act, for example, utility customers can subscribe to power generated somewhere other than their own homes. The program allowed by that bill sold out in 30 minutes, evidence of the pent-up demand for this kind of arrangement. And California solar advocates are hoping for passage of a “shared renewables” bill in that state, which would provide for similar solar are significant in bringing solar power to the estimated 75% (likely a conservative number) of can’t put solar on our own roof. As great a resource as the sun is, when it comes to actually implementing solar or other renewables, technology advances, policy changes, bureaucratic practices, and increased energy consciousness will all have to happen to achieve a 30% by 2050 national goal. This project incorporated research activities focused on addressing each of these challenges. First, the project researchers evaluated several leading edge solar technologies by actually implementing these technologies at Playas, New Mexico, a remote town built in the 1970s by Phelps Dodge Mining Company for the company’s employees. This town was purchased by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in 2005 and converted to a training and research center. Playas is an all-electric town served by a substation about seven miles away. The town is the last user on a 240 kV utility transmission line owned by the Columbus Electric Cooperative (CEC) making it easy to isolate for experiment purposes. The New Mexico Institute of Mining and

  11. Applications of Operational Research Techniques in Optimization to Visit Tourist Points of Vina del Mar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joao CARDOSO NETO

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Chile is a country with great attractions for tourists in South America and the whole world. Among the many tourist Chilean attractions the city of Vina del Mar is one of the highlights, recognized nationally and internationally as one of the most beautiful places for summer. In Vina del Mar tourists have many options for leisure, besides pretty beaches, e.g. playa renaca, the city has beautiful squares and castles, e.g. Castillo Wulff built more than 100 (one hundred years ago. It is noteworthy that already exist over there five (5 tourist itineraries, so this work was developed in order to determine the best routes to these existing itineraries, and create a unique route that includes all the tourist points in Vina del Mar, because in this way, the tourists visiting this city can minimize the time spent in traveling, as well as optimize their moments of leisure, taking the opportunity to know all the city attractions. To determine shorter ways to do it and then propose some suggestions for improvement of the quality of the tourist service offered, it had used the exact method, by solving the mathematical model of the TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem, and the heuristic method, using the most economic insertion algorithm.

  12. Geomorfologia Costera y Explotación de Arena de Playa en la Provincia de Buenos Aires y sus Consecuencias Ambientales

    OpenAIRE

    Silvia C. Marcomini; Rubén López

    2006-01-01

    El present trabajo tiene como objetivo principal caracterizar el medio físico de las áreas costeras, con el fin determinar los impactos en la hidrodinámica litoral, a mediano y corto plazo, generado por la explotación de arena de playa en las principales localidades costeras de la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre cabo San Antonio y Necochea. Para tal fin se describen las explotaciones mineras de mayor magnitud llevadas a cabo a lo largo de la costa de la provi...

  13. Rodados bioerosionados en depósitos marinos holocenos del estuario de Bahía Blanca, Argentina: consideraciones paleoambientales y procedencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge O Spagnuolo

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available En la costa norte del estuario de Bahía Blanca, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, se presentan cordones litorales compuestos por arena conchilífera y elevada proporción de rodados de origen sedimentario. Muchos de estos clastos muestran importantes signos de bieorosión. La procedencia de este material se vincula con las extensas plataformas de abrasión presentes al este del estuario (costas de Pehuén Co. Se determinaron dos icnofacies: la icnofacies de Trypanites integrada por Gastrochaenolites, Maeandropolydora, Trypanites, Gnathichnus y Radulichnus, propia de sustratos duros y la icnofacies de Skolithos representada por galerías de Ophiomorpha desarrollada en sustratos blandos. Ambas, caracterizan un ambiente litoral somero. Durante la transgresión holocena, los sustratos costeros se vieron afectados por el avance marino y los fragmentos erosionados fueron transportados por deriva litoral hacia el interior del estuario. Finalmente, eventos de tormenta depositaron en los cordones litorales el material con signos de bioerosión. En la actualidad, muchos de estos rodados que presentan gradación en tamaño hacia el interior del estuario, se hallan en tránsito en las playas por deriva litoral este-oeste.

  14. Urbanización turística y ocupación del suelo en la península de Hicacos (Varadero, Cuba: Comportamientos diferenciados entre los espacios de uso público y privado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Remond-Roa

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available En la península de Hicacos se localiza Varadero, el principal polo turístico de Cuba y uno de los más antiguos e importantes del Caribe. El desarrollo hotelero del enclave, la especificidad del sistema cubano, así como una larga trayectoria en ordenación territorial, introducen una serie de particularidades respecto a otros destinos similares de sol y playa. Entre estos destacan los relativos a la ocupación y los usos del suelo. Los análisis y las conclusiones difieren según se trate de parcelas hoteleras o zona costera de uso público, por un lado, y el año de urbanización del territorio y la construcción del hotel, por otro. En este sentido, la aprobación de la Ley de Gestión de la Zona Costera de 1997 representa un hito de especial significación. Para estudiar estos procesos se emplearon herramientas de representación y análisis espacial presente en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica e imágenes de satélite de muy alta resolución espacial.

  15. Continental sedimentary successions exposed in Centinela del Mar, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Lower Pleistocene - Holocene); Las sucesiones sedimentarias continentales expuestas en Centinela del Mar, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pleistoceno Inferior-Holoceno)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cenizo, M. M.

    2011-07-01

    In the present paper, the geomorphologic and sedimentary characteristics of the continental sequences exposed on the coastal cliffs and surrounding areas of the Centinela del Mar locality are described and interpreted. Fourteen lithofacies are defined, their relation, geometry and structure are represented using transversal and longitudinal detailed profiles. In the basal and medium sector of the profile, facies of different degrees of transport and aqueous rework were recognized. In the superior sector, a succession of marine peri-coastal facies corresponding to the Belgranense transgression (=Fm. Pascua) were identified, ending the sequence with relictual eolic facies. The different historical interpretations are discussed, homologating the units referred previously with the ones proposed on this paper. These units are correlated with those defined in the allostratigrapic scheme proposed by other authors for the area covered between Playa San Carlos and Arroyo Chapadmalal. This allowed recognize for the area under study the presence of the Punta San Andres and Arroyo Loberia Alloformations (basal-medium and superior sector, respectively). Between these two entities, a association of well defined progradant marine facies are found and named on this paper as Centinela del Mar Alloformation. Finally, periferithe information gathered here (magnetostratigraphy, radiometric dating, stratigraphic correlations, etc) indicates, at least preliminarily, that the sequence of Centinela del Mar corresponds to the Ensenadense- Lujanense interval (Lower Pleistocene - Holocene). (Author) 73 refs.

  16. Las sucesiones sedimentarias continentales expuestas en Centinela del Mar, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pleistoceno Inferior-Holoceno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cenizo, Marcos M.

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available In the present paper, the geomorphological and sedimentary characteristics of the continental sequences exposed on the coastal cliffs and surrounding areas of the Centinela del Mar locality are described and interpreted. Fourteen lithofacies are defined, their relation, geometry and structure are represented using transversal and longitudinal detailed profiles. In the basal and medium sector of the profile, facies of different degrees of transport and aqueous rework were recognized. In the superior sector, a succession of marine peri-coastal facies corresponding to the «Belgranense» transgression (=Fm. Pascua were identified, ending the secuence with relictual eolic facies. The different historical interpretations are discussed, homologating the units referred previously with the ones proposed on this paper. These units are correlated with those defined in the allostratigrapic scheme proposed by other authors for the area covered between Playa San Carlos and Arroyo Chapadmalal. This allowed recognize for the area under study the presence of the Punta San Andrés and Arroyo Lobería Alloformations (basal-medium and superior sector, respectively. Between these two entities, a association of well defined progradant marine facies are found and named on this paper as Centinela del Mar Alloformation. Finally, the information gathered here (magnetostratigraphy, radiometric dating, stratigraphic correlations, etc indicates, at least preliminarily, that the secuence of Centinela del Mar corresponds to the Ensenadense-Lujanense interval (Lower Pleistocene - Holocene.

    Son descriptas e interpretadas las características geomorfológicas y sedimentarias de las sucesiones continentales expuestas en los acantilados litorales y sectores aledaños de la localidad Centinela del Mar. Se definen catorce litofacies, cuyas relaciones, geometría y estructuras son representadas mediante perfiles transversales y longitudinales de detalle. En el sector basal y

  17. Morfodinámica de la línea de costa del estado de Tabasco, México: tendencias desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta el presente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ramón Hernández Santana

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available El análisis de los impactos y modificaciones en los ambientes costeros modernos constituye uno de los problemas de mayor importancia científica internacional, en la actualidad, y de especial interés gubernamental a nivel local, tal como lo representa el caso particular del sistema costero tabasqueño. En este trabajo se exponen las tendencias morfodinámicas en el margen costero estatal (retroceso y acreción costera, mediante la aplicación del método cartográfico histórico-comparativo de documentos correspondientes a los años 1943, 1972, 1984 y 1995, así como por observaciones y mediciones geomorfológicas de campo (2003-2004. Estas últimas se ejecutaron en algunos sectores con régimen de retroceso sostenido de la costa, entre los que se destacan las tasas medias anuales de retroceso del poblado Sánchez Magallanes (-3 a -5 m/año y de la desembocadura del río San Pedro y San Pablo (-8 a -9 m/año. El estudio morfodinámico costero propició la selección de los sitios para el monitoreo permanente, a mediano y largo plazos, como estrategia complementaria para el seguimiento del grado de modificación de la línea costera de Tabasco y de sus escenarios actuales de vulnerabilidad. Las localidades propuestas para el monitoreo sistemático son, de oeste a este: Sánchez Magallanes, El Alacrán, Barra de Tupilco, Playas El Limón, Dos Bocas y Bruja, zona costera entre San Luis e Ixtapan, todas con tendencia retrogradativa; y La Constancia-San Ramón, y La Barra, ambas con tendencia progradativa o de acreción.

  18. Poema: Mithistorema

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Seferis

    1966-08-01

    Full Text Available Hemos esperado al mensajero tres años, vigilando los pinos, la playa las estrellas. Nos uníamos al hierro del arado o a la quilla del navío para tratar de descubrir el Primer gérmen y que el drama muy antiguo recomenzara.

  19. Parque eólico offshore playas de Vera

    OpenAIRE

    Morales Sánchez, Daniel

    2016-01-01

    Propiamente la redacción de este proyecto tiene como objeto los siguientes puntos: • La descripción de las obras e instalaciones necesarias para llevar a cabo la construcción del Parque Eólico Offshore Vera. • Servir de soporte técnico para la obtención de la Autorización Administrativa y la Aprobación del Proyecto de construcción y la puesta en marcha del Parque Eólico Offshore Vera. • Dicho proyecto será extremadamente respetuoso con el entorno, cumpliendo en todo momento con la D...

  20. Apuntes para la dinamizacion turística del municipio de águilas, a partir de la interpretación del patrimonio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Borrega

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Águilas, desde el punto de vista turístico, es un municipio cuyos recursos patrimoniales no están suficientemente aprovechados. Su oferta turística se ha basado siempre en productos y servicios relacionados con aspectos de sol y playa, es decir, alojamientos, restauración, comercios ... La única demanda de carácter cultural se da en el segmento de público que practica deportes náuticos y subacuáticos, y en el universitario, este último atraído por los cursos de verano que organiza la Universidad del Mar en el municipio. Todo esto da como resultado un bajo rendimiento económico y un estado de abandono de recursos patrimoniales de interés, así como de vida tradicional. En este trabajo se presentan unas posibilidades de actuación para dinamizar el sector turístico de la localidad y poner en valor su patrimonio cultural, partiendo de que cuenta con lo más importante, la afluencia de público y un amplio patrimonio que ofertar.

  1. Análisis del riesgo preconcepcional en un grupo básico de trabajo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Lugones Botell

    1995-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio en 669 pacientes dispensarizados con riesgo PRECONCEPCIONAL, en el grupo básico de trabajo No.4 del Policlínico Docente "26 de Julio" en el municipio Playa, y se analiza el trabajo realizado con estas pacientes durante 1990 y 1991. Se valoran diferentes parámetros tales como: edad, principales factores de riesgo, tipos de anticonceptivos utilizados, así como los resultados referentes a la mortalidad infantil, la muerte fetal tardía y el bajo peso al nacer. Se concluye que las adolescentes con actividad sexual y el riesgo social fueron los grupos más numerosos en las pacientes dispensarizadas y que hubo un buen control de la natalidad en las pacientes de riesgo en cuanto a la prenaturidad y/o bajo peso, y la mortalidad infantil, que fueron íntimos.

  2. Concentración de metales pesados (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb en la biota y sedimentos de una playa artificial, en la bahía San Jorge 23°S, norte de Chile Heavy metals concentration (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, in biota and sediments of an artificial beach, in San Jorge bay 23°S, northern Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Castro

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó el contenido de metales pesados (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb en la biota y el sedimento de una playa artificial (Paraíso y una playa natural (El Lenguado, ubicadas en la bahía San Jorge, norte de Chile. Los resultados fueron utilizados para comparar ambos sistemas, el grado de cumplimiento de la normativa ambiental nacional e internacional, y el efecto de la construcción de la playa artificial sobre el nivel de contaminación por metales existentes históricamente en esa zona. En cada playa se ubicaron estaciones equidistantes que abarcaron desde el intermareal hasta el submareal de las cuales fueron extraídos los organismos. Se tomaron muestras de sedimento en cada playa y se determinaron las pendientes con el método de Emery. El análisis granulométrico evidenció el predominio de arena media en playa El Lenguado, y arena media y fina en playa Paraíso. El contenido de materia orgánica fue mayor en El Lenguado. En playa Paraíso se determinaron cinco phylum/superclase agrupados en 19 taxa, mientras que en El Lenguado se encontraron cuatro phylum/superclase agrupados en cc taxa. El contenido de metales en sedimentos y en la mayoría de organismos presentó valores mayores en playa Paraíso. Estos resultados, junto a las normas de calidad chilenas y norteamericanas, sugieren un evidente deterioro en la calidad ambiental de playa Paraíso lo que se demostró por un incremento en las concentraciones de estos metales desde su construcción, los que sobrepasan los límites establecidos por ambas normas.It was evaluated the heavy metal content (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb in biota and sediment of an artificial beach (Paraíso and a natural beach (El Lenguado, both located in San Jorge bay, northern Chile. The results were used to compare both systems, the degree of fulfillment of national and international environmental regulations, and the effect of the construction of the artificial beach on the level of metal contamination historically existing in

  3. Caracterización geomorfológica de las dunas longitudinales del Istmo de Médanos, estado Falcón, Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronna Camacho

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo analiza la geomorfología de dunas costeras longitudinales del Istmo de Médanos, costa noroccidental de Venezuela. La metodología consistió en consultas bibliográficas, cartográficas, fotogramétricas y satelitales, trabajos de campo y análisis sedimentológico. Los resultados indican que estas dunas están compuestas por arenas de grano fino en un 84.6%, muy bien seleccionadas en más del 60%, principalmente subangulares, con asimetría negativa predominante, distribución leptocurtica, y bajo contenido de carbonato de calcio cercano al 10%. Los datos sugieren que los sedimentos son de origen terrígeno y escasa distancia de transporte hasta el lugar de acumulación. Los vientos predominantes actuales son del noreste, con componentes direccionales secundarios que retrabajan los sedimentos generando dunas transversales, barcanas y longitudinales; las dunas longitudinales son paralelas a la dirección del viento y se presentan colonizadas por vegetación xerofítica favorecida por la inactividad de las mismas. Estas dunas se originaron probablemente por una conjunción de factores como: disponibilidad de sedimentos en una amplia llanura costera relacionada con un nivel marino regresivo, vientos fuertes y persistentes, orientación oblicua de la costa respecto a la dirección del viento, una topografía continental favorable adyacente a la playa, bajo condiciones climáticas distintas a las actuales.

  4. Los vertebrados del Neogeno de la Costa Sur del Perú: ambiente sedimentario y condiciones de fosilización

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1988-01-01

    presque pas et qui se nourrissait d'algues, car la côte péruvienne était désertique pendant le Néogène. Dépendant du continent pour sa locomotion et de la mer pour son alimentation, cet animal devait forcément vivre sur le bord de mer. En conclusion, les vertébrés des Formations Pisco et Caballas se sont fossilisés dans un milieu très littoral, soit drossés à la plage, soit déposés dans la zone intertidale, sous faible tranche d'eau. Los restos de vertebrados marinos son muy abundantes en las Formaciones Pisco y Caballas de la costa sur del Perú [selacios, teleósteos, reptiles, aves, mamíferos (cetáceos, carnívoros, edentados]. Estos restos han contribuido al establecimiento de una estratigrafía, pues se reparten en siete niveles (seis en la Formación Pisco, uno en la Formación Caballas cuya edad abarca desde el Mioceno inferior hasta el tope del Plioceno inferior. Los vertebrados presentan generalmente una preservación excepcional los esqueletos completos o subcompletos son muy comunes. El estudio sedimentológico y paleontológico (tafonomía, biología demuestra que los vertebrados se depositaron en un ambiente de playa. Tres tipos de condiciones de orilla del mar han sido definidos: • playas protegidas, donde se forman lumaquelas con conchas poco fragmentadas, a veces en posición de vida. Los esqueletos son, en general, completos y asociados o ligeramente disociados • playas agitadas con lumaquelas de conchas fragmentadas y huesos aislados. • arrecifes donde las lumaquelas y los huesos son siempre muy fragmentados. Los niveles con vertebrados no presentan estructuras tidales de flujo y reflujo, indicando que las mareas eran de poca amplitud. El ambiente deposicional, de muy poca profundidad (0 a 5 m, corresponde a la zona supra a intertidal. La presencia de numerosos esqueletos asociados es indicadora de un enarenamiento muy rápido de los cadáveres (algunos días que puede explicarse más por la acción de las olas que por la importancia

  5. La diversificación del destino turístico a través del turismo gastronómico: el caso de Vilanova i la Geltrú (Barcelona

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria del Pilar Leal Londoño

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La evolución del turismo y, en particular, su gestión pública ha perseguido la adaptación a las nuevas tendencias y exigencias del mercado turístico (Fayos- Solá, 2004, generando por tanto, uno de los cambios más notables y estructurales el cual lo constituye la aparición de nuevas dinámicas territoriales turísticas (Lopez Palomeque y Font X., 2010; una de ellas es Cataluña que busca en el turismo gastronómico un producto y alternativa de diversifi cación de la oferta turística concentrada históricamente en el turismo de Sol y Playa. El Ayuntamiento de Vilanova i la Geltrú apostó por el turismo gastronómico, a partir de la creación y promoción del "Plan Gastronómico de la Ciudad" articulando agentes públicos y privados. Vilanova es un territorio particularmente interesante ya que su proximidad con Barcelona la convierte en un escenario que constantemente busca la autenticidad y diferenciación de una marca turística altamente competitiva y posicionada. La presente comunicación analiza el recurso gastronómico de Vilanova de manera conjunta con las acciones públicas y privadas encaminadas a fortalecer dicha diversifi cación de la oferta turística a través de la aplicación de la metodología DAFO como herramienta de análisis.

  6. LA SIERRA DE CARTAGENA-LA UNIÓN (MURCIA: UN EJEMPLO DE ACTIVIDAD TURÍSTICA A TRAVÉS DEL PATRIMONIO MINERO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco José Morales Yago

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El cese final en el año 1991 de la actividad minera en la Sierra de Cartagena-La Unión en la Región de Murcia supuso para esta comarca el inicio de un gran declive económico que no ha encontrado respuesta hasta tiempos recientes, en donde la iniciativa para la puesta en valor del importante legado minero-industrial está sirviendo de base en la creación de un proyecto turístico complementario al tradicional de sol y playa ubicado en La Manga del Mar Menor y demás espacios litorales. El análisis DAFO incluido como metodología principal de este trabajo permitirá a través de la participación de distintos colectivos conocer y analizar el presente así como la proyección de futuro de esta nueva actividad que potencialmente supondrá un importante cambio en la actividad socioeconómica de la comarca y por consiguiente de sus habitantes.

  7. Conservación de un área protegida con uso recreativo: ¿Se puede lograr que los visitantes dejen menos basura?

    OpenAIRE

    Cingolani, Ana María; Barberá, Ivan; Renison, Daniel; Barri, Fernando Rafael

    2016-01-01

    Uno de los problemas de las áreas protegidas en zonas de afluencia masiva es la acumulación de basura abandonada por algunos visitantes. Evaluamos, en playas ribereñas de un área protegida de las sierras de Córdoba, si es posible reducir la basura abandonada por los visitantes utilizando herramientas de la interpretación ambiental. La técnica utilizada consistió en el pedido personalizado al visitante de no dejar basura, acompañado del ejemplo de juntar la basura abandonada en la playa. Reali...

  8. Conservación de un área protegida con uso recreativo: ¿Se puede lograr que los visitantes dejen menos basura?

    OpenAIRE

    Cingolani, Ana M.; Barberá, Iván; Renison, Daniel; Barri, Fernando R.

    2015-01-01

    Uno de los problemas de las áreas protegidas en zonas de afluencia masiva es la acumulación de basura abandonada por algunos visitantes. Evaluamos, en playas ribereñas de un área protegida de las sierras de Córdoba, si es posible reducir la basura abandonada por los visitantes utilizando herramientas de la interpretación ambiental. La técnica utilizada consistió en el pedido personalizado al visitante de no dejar basura, acompañado del ejemplo de juntar la basura abandonada en la playa. Reali...

  9. Maritime Claims Reference Manual.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1997-01-01

    Melenera to Peninsula de Gando From Peninsula de Gando to Moque Arinaga From Moque Arinaga to Punta Tenefe From Punta Tenefe to Playa Maspalomas (E...From Playa Maspalomas (W) to Punta Taozo From Isla de la Aldea to Punta Sardina From Punta Sardina to Punta Ortiz From Punta Ortiz to Punta...to Cabo Ancones 29° 01.10 13° 27.80 From Punta Lima 28° 55.80 13° 36.87 to Punta del Tarjalillo 28° 35.45 13° 49.25 From Punta de la Entallada 28

  10. Similitud morfológica de espermatozoides de Donax marincovichi y Donax obesulus (Bivalvia: Donacidae)

    OpenAIRE

    Carstensen, Daniel; Herrmann, Marko; Laudien, Jürgen

    2007-01-01

    La familia Donacidae se distribuye en playas arenosas de todo el mundo, excepto en regiones Polares. Con un número total de 64, muchas de las especies de esta familia son una fuente valiosa para la pesca artesanal D. marincovichi y D. obesulus habitan playas del norte de Chile hasta el norte de Ecuador, donde desarrollan densas poblaciones. La taxonomía de estas especies es fuente de polémica. La morfología de los espermatozoides es frecuentemente útil para la determinación taxonómica de molu...

  11. Cutaneous larva migrans after a trip to the Caribean

    OpenAIRE

    García-Fernández, Lisset; Calderón, María

    2014-01-01

    La larva migrans cutánea es una parasitosis ocasionada por las larvas de Ancylostoma braziliense y Ancylostoma caninum, cuyo vehículo es la arena de playas infestadas. Los perros y gatos son los hospederos definitivos. Esta parasitosis es endémica en las costas del Caribe, África, Australia y Asia. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de 27 años de edad, quien tras haber realizado un viaje al Caribe mexicano y haber estado en contacto con arena de playa, presentó unas lesiones en el pie d...

  12. Survey Report on the Tsunami of the Michoacan, Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985

    OpenAIRE

    Abe, Katsuyuki; Hakuno, Motohiko; Takeuchi, Mikio; Katada, Toshiyuki

    1987-01-01

    The tsunami was caused by the Michoacan, Mexico earthquake (M. 8.1) of September 19, 1985. According to the site survey, sea water ran up to an elevation of 2 meters or more above sea level in the coastal areas of Mexico from Petatlan to Playa Azul. The tsunami was as high as 4 meters at Barra del Potosi and Playa Linda, where minor tsunami damages occurred; some thatched huts on the beaches were destroyed and pieces of furniture were swept out to sea. The tsunami magnitude Mt is estimated to...

  13. La institucionalización del modelo tabaquero español 1580-1636: La creación del estanco del tabaco en España. Nota y discusión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santiago de Luxán Meléndez

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available La nota pretende analizar el contexto histórico en el que se inicia la economía tabaquera europea a principios del siglo XVII. Las decisiones sobre la producción, el comercio y la fiscalidad que este nuevo producto provoca en los estados de la época vienen motivadas por su creciente importancia como fuente de recursos públicos ante el espectacular desarrollo de su consumo. En un escenario de guerra casi permanente (Guerra de los Treinta Años, Guerras de Flandes, etc., el tabaco proporciona unos ingresos fiscales saneados a los gobiernos. En este contexto se sitúa la aparición del primer monopolio fiscal moderno, el estanco español del tabaco creado por Real Cédula de 26-XII-1636 y las consecuencias que la misma tuvo para el posterior desarrollo de una economía del tabaco en España.The note expect to analyse the historical environment at the beginning of the XVII century when the tobacco is introduced into the European economy. The production, trade and taxation on the tobacco decisions take for the governments, was driving to become importance of fiscal revenues produced by the growing consumption of that one, because the war needs expenditures drive the fiscal regulation. In this context the Spanish government establish the first fiscal monopoly by Royal Act of 26-XII-1636.

  14. El mundo del libro : noviembre de 1968

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agustín Rodríguez Garavito

    1968-11-01

    Full Text Available Se presentan las siguientes reseñas: -Los trabajos y los días en Menéndez Pidal. -Playas de oro: poesía de Humberto Archila. -Siervos de Dios y amor de indios de Víctor Daniel Bonilla. -Relectura de Giovani Papini, obras completas.

  15. Coste de la limpieza “cotidiana” de playas

    OpenAIRE

    Patricio, Poullet; Juan J., Muñoz-Perez; Gregorio, Gomez-Pina; Angel, de la Casa; Jorge, Roman-Sierra; Marina, Navarro Pons

    2015-01-01

    Más de 90.000 buques mercantes al año cruzan el Estrecho de Gibraltar de los que aproximadamente un 5% son petroleros. Ello, conjuntamente con la existencia de varios puertos con refinerías y polígonos industriales petroquímicos y la práctica del bunkering para aprovisionamiento de combustible, hace a la costa gaditana un punto de riesgo para la contaminación por hidrocarburos (Carmona et al., 2009). La Demarcación de Costas de Andalucía-Atlántico (DCAA), dependiente del Ministerio de Agricul...

  16. Pesquería y biología de Rhinobatos percellens (Rajiformes: Rhinobatidae capturados por la pesquería artesanal de playa La Pared, Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Tagliafico

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Rhinobatos percellens es capturada en Venezuela por la flota artesanal que opera con redes de fondo. Está clasificada por la IUCN como casi amenazada, y no existen estudios sobre su biología o pesquería en el país. Por ello, se analizaron desembarques de la pesca artesanal de playa la Pared (isla de Margarita durante enero-diciembre 2007. A cada ejemplar capturado se le determinó la longitud total, sexo y madurez. Fueron analizados 210 ejemplares, 159 hembras y 51 machos. El 81% de los ejemplares se encontraban maduros y un 27% de este grupo correspondió a hembras grávidas. La talla media de madurez sexual quedó ubicada en 51 y 52cm para hembras y machos, respectivamente. Se detectaron hembras maduras todo el año, y hembras grávidas en siete meses. Fueron analizados 96 embriones con tallas entre 2-19cm, siendo la fecundidad máxima cuatro embriones. La variación de las longitudes de los embriones entre los meses del año indican dos picos máximos de alumbramiento al año pero no existe una sincronía en la cópula ya que la especie se reproduce prácticamente todo el año. Se recomienda elaborar regulaciones pesqueras que incluyan una talla mínima de captura en función de la talla de madurez señalada y liberar las hembras grávidas al agua.

  17. Modeling aluminum-silicon chemistries and application to Australian acidic playa lakes as analogues for Mars

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marion, G. M.; Crowley, J. K.; Thomson, B. J.; Kargel, J. S.; Bridges, N. T.; Hook, S. J.; Baldridge, A.; Brown, A. J.; Ribeiro da Luz, B.; de Souza Filho, C. R.

    2009-06-01

    Recent Mars missions have stimulated considerable thinking about the surficial geochemical evolution of Mars. Among the major relevant findings are the presence in Meridiani Planum sediments of the mineral jarosite (a ferric sulfate salt) and related minerals that require formation from an acid-salt brine and oxidizing environment. Similar mineralogies have been observed in acidic saline lake sediments in Western Australia (WA), and these lakes have been proposed as analogues for acidic sedimentary environments on Mars. The prior version of the equilibrium chemical thermodynamic FREZCHEM model lacked Al and Si chemistries that are needed to appropriately model acidic aqueous geochemistries on Earth and Mars. The objectives of this work were to (1) add Al and Si chemistries to the FREZCHEM model, (2) extend these chemistries to low temperatures (enthalpy data. New aluminum and silicon parameterizations added 12 new aluminum/silicon minerals to this Na-K-Mg-Ca-Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Al-H-Cl-Br-SO 4-NO 3-OH-HCO 3-CO 3-CO 2-O 2-CH 4-Si-H 2O system that now contain 95 solid phases. There were similarities, differences, and uncertainties between Australian acidic, saline playa lakes and waters that likely led to the Burns formation salt accumulations on Mars. Both systems are similar in that they are dominated by (1) acidic, saline ground waters and sediments, (2) Ca and/or Mg sulfates, and (3) iron precipitates such as jarosite and hematite. Differences include: (1) the dominance of NaCl in many WA lakes, versus the dominance of Fe-Mg-Ca-SO 4 in Meridiani Planum, (2) excessively low K + concentrations in Meridiani Planum due to jarosite precipitation, (3) higher acid production in the presence of high iron concentrations in Meridiani Planum, and probably lower rates of acid neutralization and hence, higher acidities on Mars owing to colder temperatures, and (4) lateral salt patterns in WA lakes. The WA playa lakes display significant lateral variations in mineralogy and water

  18. Evaluación de la calidad físico-química y bacteriológica del agua subterránea en pozos criollos del municipio de Moa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Osvaldo Fernández-Urgellés

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Los pobladores de los repartos Las Coloradas y La Playa (municipio de Moa utilizan para el consumo humano agua subterránea procedente de pozos criollos cuando falla la distribución de agua potable a través de la red hidrológica. Para conocer los componentes generales, mayoritarios y no deseables se evaluó la calidad físico-química y bacteriológica de estas aguas. Se emplearon las técnicas analíticas convencionales así como métodos gráficos. Los resultados reflejaron la presencia de elementos no deseables, indicadores de contaminación, que sobrepasan los índices establecidos para el consumo humano como agua potable. Los resultados del análisis bacteriológico evidenciaron la presencia de bacilos de colis y colifecales, siendo fundamentalmente su composición fecal lo que determina su estado sanitario. Se concluye que las aguas de los pozos criollos estudiados no responden a los requisitos establecidos en las normas para consumo humano.

  19. Análisis morfológico y sedimentológico de la llanura aluvial entre Orpesa y la Ribera de Cabanes

    OpenAIRE

    Segura Beltrán, Francisca S.; Sanjaume Saumell, Eulalia

    1986-01-01

    Este estudio analiza, por u na parte, algunos aspectos sedimentológicos y mineralógicos de los co­nos aluviales del Xinxilla y del Barranc de la Font del Campello y, por otra, los sedimentos playeros situados entre el extremo meridional de la marjal de Torreblanca y la zona del Morro de Gas (Orpe­sa), con el fin de poder determinar la mayor o menor importancia de los materiales continentales, tanto en la formación de la llanura costera como en la composición de la playa actual. Los sedim...

  20. Palinofloras de las formaciones El Morterito y Palo Pintado [Mioceno Superior-Plioceno Inferior], noroeste de Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Horn, Maricel Yanina

    2014-01-01

    En esta Tesis Doctoral se presenta el estudio palinológico de dos unidades litológicas del Mioceno Tardío/Plioceno de Argentina: la Formación El Morterito (Aloformación Playa del Zorro) aflorante en el valle del Cajón, provincia de Catamarca y Formación Palo Pintado en el Valle Calchaquí, provincia de Salta. La sucesión Neógena del valle del Cajón fue primeramente descripta como Formación El Morterito, posteriormente se reconocieron tres Aloformaciones. Considerando las áreas de distribución ...

  1. Regional exploration for channel and playa uranium deposits in Western Australia using groundwater

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noble, R.R.P.; Gray, D.J.; Reid, N.

    2011-01-01

    Shallow calcrete aquifers in the central north of the Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia are the host to numerous secondary carnotite U deposits. Sampling and analysis of approximately 1400 shallow aquifer groundwaters were conducted to test if U mineralisation of this type may be found using a >5 km sample spacing. Results show this can be achieved. All the economic deposits and most of the minor deposits and occurrences are associated with groundwater that has carnotite (KUO 2 VO 4 ) approaching or exceeding saturated conditions. Soluble U concentrations alone identified the largest deposit (Yeelirrie) and several smaller deposits, but this parameter was not as successful as the mineral saturation indices. Palaeodrainage distribution and thickness of cover combined with surface drainage and catchment boundaries provided background information of U primary sources and for areas with the highest exploration potential for channel and playa U deposits. Granites in the SE of the study area are less prospective with regard to secondary U deposits. Groundwater geochemistry in conjunction with palaeodrainage mapping may greatly improve exploration through cover where radiometric geophysics is not effective. The study of regional, shallow groundwater for U shows multiple benefits for mineral exploration, the economy and potable water quality.

  2. Efectos del tratamiento térmico en la fractura de aceros

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    Héctor Hernández A.

    1992-05-01

    Full Text Available No obstante de los avances logrados en otros tipos de aleaciones, los aceros se siguen utilizando en forma extensiva en la construcción de elementos estructurales, porque con una adecuada selección y tratamiento técnico, los aceros permiten obtener una conveniente combinación de propiedades mecánicas ante unas exigencias específicas de servicio. La fractura en elementos de máquinas frecuentemente se encuentra asociada a una discontinuidad, la cual provoca una concentración de esfuerzo, lo que puede originar sitios de iniciación de una falla por fractura. La carga límite de fractura es afectada por parámetros geométricos, naturaleza y tipo de carga y propiedades mecánicas del material. La mayoría de fallas por fractura de elementos de máquinas son fallas por fatiga; por lo general una fractura por fatiga tiene lugar por una progresiva generación y crecimiento de grietas hasta obtenerse una condición crítica de fractura súbita de la sección residual resistente. Frecuentemente en una fractura por fatiga se observan marcas de playa, las cuales son evidencias de la posición del frente de grietas antes que se alcance la condición de fractura súbita final. En este trabajo se muestra como el tratamiento térmico de temple y revenido de los aceros afecta el esfuerzo límite de falla por fractura para carga de tracción estática y carga de fatiga uniaxial con la presencia de una entalla severa. También se estudia el efecto del tratamiento térmico en la tenacidad de fractura, propiedad que cuantifica la resistencia al crecimiento súbito de una grieta bajo carga estática.

  3. Extended driving impairs nocturnal driving performances.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Sagaspe

    Full Text Available Though fatigue and sleepiness at the wheel are well-known risk factors for traffic accidents, many drivers combine extended driving and sleep deprivation. Fatigue-related accidents occur mainly at night but there is no experimental data available to determine if the duration of prior driving affects driving performance at night. Participants drove in 3 nocturnal driving sessions (3-5 am, 1-5 am and 9 pm-5 am on open highway. Fourteen young healthy men (mean age [+/-SD] = 23.4 [+/-1.7] years participated Inappropriate line crossings (ILC in the last hour of driving of each session, sleep variables, self-perceived fatigue and sleepiness were measured. Compared to the short (3-5 am driving session, the incidence rate ratio of inappropriate line crossings increased by 2.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 6.0; P<.05 for the intermediate (1-5 am driving session and by 4.0 (CI, 1.7 to 9.4; P<.001 for the long (9 pm-5 am driving session. Compared to the reference session (9-10 pm, the incidence rate ratio of inappropriate line crossings were 6.0 (95% CI, 2.3 to 15.5; P<.001, 15.4 (CI, 4.6 to 51.5; P<.001 and 24.3 (CI, 7.4 to 79.5; P<.001, respectively, for the three different durations of driving. Self-rated fatigue and sleepiness scores were both positively correlated to driving impairment in the intermediate and long duration sessions (P<.05 and increased significantly during the nocturnal driving sessions compared to the reference session (P<.01. At night, extended driving impairs driving performances and therefore should be limited.

  4. Beach dynamics and nest distribution of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea at Grande Riviere Beach,Trinidad &Tobago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lori Lee Lum

    2005-05-01

    Full Text Available Grande Riviere Beach in Trinidad and Tobago is an important nesting site in the Caribbean for the Critically Endangered leatherback sea turtle,Dermochelys coriacea .Community members were concerned that beach erosion and seasonal river flooding were destroying many of the nests deposited annually and thought that a hatchery was a possible solution.Over the 2001 turtle nesting season,the Institute of Marine Affairs (IMA assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of nests using the Global Positioning System recorded to reference points,and beach dynamics using permanent bench mark profile stations,to determine areas of high risk and more stable areas for nesting.A total of 1449 leatherback nests were positioned.It was evident that at the start of the season in March,the majority of leatherback nests were deposited at the eastern section of the beach. After May,there was a continuing westward shift in nest distribution as the season progressed until August and beach erosion in the eastern section became predominant.The backshore remained relatively stable along the entire beach throughout the nesting season,and erosion was predominant in the foreshore at the eastern section of the beach,from the middle to the end of the season.Similar trends in accretion and erosion were observed in 2000.River flooding did not occur during the study period or in the previous year.With both high risk and more stable regions for turtle nesting available at Grande Riviere Beach,there was no compelling evidence to justify the need for a hatchery.La playa de Grande Riviere en Trinidad y Tobago es un sitio importante de anidación en el Caribe de la tortuga baula,Dermochelys coriacea ;una tortuga marina en peligro de extinción.Los residentes estaban preocupados de que la erosión de la playa y las inundaciones estacionales estaban destruyendo muchos de los nidos y pensaron que un criadero era una solución.Durante la temporada de anidación del 2001,el Instituto de

  5. Caracterización hidrológica de la región costera noroccidental del estado de Yucatán, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Batllori-Sampedro

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una clasificación del territorio noroccidental del estado de Yucatán, basado en un enfoque físico-geográfico que considera la cuenca hidrogeológica de Chicxulub como unidad de planificación y desarrollo. La particularidad de esta cuenca radica en que posee condiciones de unidad geográfica natural muy específicas. En los 3 198 km2 que abarca el área en estudio y de acuerdo con el ambiente geológico, el régimen climático, las características hidrológicas, los suelos existentes, las formaciones vegetales y los factores antropogénicos, se lograron diferenciar dos Unidades Geográficas Funcionales de primer orden: a Llanura kárstica, litoral, marino-acumulativa, muy baja (H < 2 msnm, de edad cuaternaria y b Llanura kárstica, denudativa, baja (H < 9 msnm, de edad terciaria. Del mismo modo, se identificaron cinco unidades de segundo orden, ocho unidades de tercer orden y 26 unidades de cuarto orden. Se describieron las principales características del clima, como un factor determinante de las regulaciones hidrológicas de la región, y se analizó la dinámica hidrológica superficial y subterránea de las principales unidades del paisaje. Se encontró que la situación actual de la costa es de fuerte inestabilidad, donde dominan los procesos erosivos en las playas y donde se predice un incremento acelerado del nivel del mar por fenómenos como el calentamiento global, además del fuerte impacto ocasionado por la infraestructura habitacional y productiva, la deforestación y la construcción de espolones y escolleras en el litoral. Se sugiere realizar estudios sobre las descargas de agua dulce, a través de manantiales submarinos en el litoral yucateco, sobre los procesos de formación del acuitardo costero, los procesos de disolución del karst yucateco, y caracterizar la dinámica hidrológica del anillo de cenotes y su influencia en la zona litoral.

  6. Comportamiento del asma bronquial en adolescentes tratados en el Policlínico Universitario "Ana Betancourt" Course of bronchial asthma in adolescents seen in "Ana Betancourt" University Polyclinic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatiana de la Vega Pazitková

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: el asma infantil representa una entidad que aún no ha logrado ser bien definida y delimitada, lo que establece variadas interpretaciones de su epidemiología, diagnóstico y, consecuentemente de su tratamiento. Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia global de asma en adolescentes tratados en consultorios médicos de familia del Policlínico Universitario "Ana Betancourt". Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, que incluyó a 81 adolescentes de ambos sexos con edades entre 11 y 18 años, pertenecientes a dos consultorios médicos de familia del Grupo Básico de Trabajo No. 2, del Policlínico Universitario "Ana Betancourt", del municipio Playa, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2006 y enero de 2007. Como herramienta de trabajo se utilizó el cuestionario: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, instrumento validado internacionalmente. Resultados: la cifra total de asmáticos ascendió a 52 adolescentes con un discreto predominio del sexo masculino y de los casos ligeros de la enfermedad, para una prevalencia global de 64,1 %. Se encontró un subregistro de 20,9 %. Conclusiones: en ambos consultorios se constata una elevada prevalencia de asma bronquial en la población de adolescentes con mayor afectación en los varones. Los pacientes exhiben mayoritariamente las formas ligeras de la enfermedad. Se encuentra un importante subregistro para el asma bronquial en los adolescentes tratados en el Policlínico Universitario "Ana Betancourt"Introduction: the bronchial asthma is a even defined entity establishing some interpretations of its epidemiology, diagnosis and consequently of its treatment. Objectives: to estimate the global prevalence of asthma in adolescents seen in family medical consulting rooms from "Ana Betancourt" University Polyclinic. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted including 81 adolescents of both sexes aged between 11 and 18 from family

  7. Monitoreo del sueño en conductores de ómnibus y camiones: factor relevante a considerar para la renovación de la licencia de conducir Sleep monitoring in bus and truck drivers: relevant factor to consider for the renewal of the driving license

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Rey de Castro

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available La información publicada indica que hasta un tercio de los accidentes de tránsito son producidos por la somnolencia del conductor. El síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño (SAHS es una enfermedad orgánica que causa somnolencia. Puede diagnosticarse por medio de un registro del sueño y controlarse con modalidades terapéuticas distintas y de diferente complejidad según su gravedad, lo que determina el costo final del manejo del SAHS. En los pacientes que emplean disciplinadamente la terapia, los resultados son muy buenos y logran controlar la somnolencia, mejoran la calidad de vida del afectado, protegen su salud y disminuyen ostensiblemente el riesgo de accidentes durante la conducción debido a somnolencia. Ponemos en consideración de las autoridades responsables la aplicación de estas pruebas en choferes con sospecha de SAHS que renuevan licencias de conducir de tipo A-II y A-III.The available information indicates that up to one third of the road traffic accidents are produced by the driver’s sleepiness. Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS is an organic disease that causes sleepiness. It can be diagnosed by a sleep register and can be controlled by different therapeutic means, varying their complexity according to its severity, which determines the final cost of the management of SAHS. In patients using the therapy thoroughly, the results are very good and achieve to control the sleepiness, improve the quality of life of the affected subject, protect his health and markedly decrease the risk of accidents due to sleepiness during driving. We put into consideration of the respective authorities the application of these tests in drivers suspected of having SAHS who renew their driving licenses type A-II and A-III.

  8. Preferencias en la anidación de tortugas carey (Eretmochelys imbricata y baulas (Dermochelys coriacea en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca Manzanillo, Limón, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lilliana Piedra-Castro

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available El Caribe costarricense es importante como sitio de alimentación, copulación, anidación y desove de las tortugas marinas, por lo que el presente trabajo pretendió actualizar el patrón de anidación en las tortugas marinas Dermochelys coriacea y Eretmochelys imbricata en el sector Gandoca, del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca Manzanillo, Limón, Costa Rica, para proponer medidas de manejo. Se realizaron recorridos nocturnos entre las 8:00 p. m. y 4:00 a. m., la playa se dividió en cinco sectores, en estos se realizaron observaciones directas y de rastros, de las tortugas que elaboraron el nido, entre febrero y agosto del 2011 y 2012. Se registraron tres especies de tortugas marinas, Dermochelys coriacea, Eretmochelys imbricata y Chelonia mydas. La anidación de tortugas baula tuvo su punto máximo entre marzo y julio; por su parte, las carey, entre mayo y junio (2011, y junio hasta agosto en el 2012. Se observó preferencia en la posición de la playa utilizada para construir sus nidos; la baula utiliza principalmente la parte media, mientras que la carey utilizó mayormente la parte baja para anidar (t = 17.2525. Se observó que la baula utilizó frecuentemente el sector C; sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias en el uso de los sectores. Se concluye que ambas especies tienen preferencias en la selección de la zona de playa en que anidan; la carey en la parte baja cerca de la línea de costa y la baula en la parte media. Además, las tortugas baula utilizan indistintamente los diferentes sectores de la playa estudiada.

  9. Glaucoma and Driving: On-Road Driving Characteristics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wood, Joanne M.; Black, Alex A.; Mallon, Kerry; Thomas, Ravi; Owsley, Cynthia

    2016-01-01

    Purpose To comprehensively investigate the types of driving errors and locations that are most problematic for older drivers with glaucoma compared to those without glaucoma using a standardized on-road assessment. Methods Participants included 75 drivers with glaucoma (mean = 73.2±6.0 years) with mild to moderate field loss (better-eye MD = -1.21 dB; worse-eye MD = -7.75 dB) and 70 age-matched controls without glaucoma (mean = 72.6 ± 5.0 years). On-road driving performance was assessed in a dual-brake vehicle by an occupational therapist using a standardized scoring system which assessed the types of driving errors and the locations where they were made and the number of critical errors that required an instructor intervention. Driving safety was rated on a 10-point scale. Self-reported driving ability and difficulties were recorded using the Driving Habits Questionnaire. Results Drivers with glaucoma were rated as significantly less safe, made more driving errors, and had almost double the rate of critical errors than those without glaucoma. Driving errors involved lane positioning and planning/approach, and were significantly more likely to occur at traffic lights and yield/give-way intersections. There were few between group differences in self-reported driving ability. Conclusions Older drivers with glaucoma with even mild to moderate field loss exhibit impairments in driving ability, particularly during complex driving situations that involve tactical problems with lane-position, planning ahead and observation. These results, together with the fact that these drivers self-report their driving to be relatively good, reinforce the need for evidence-based on-road assessments for evaluating driving fitness. PMID:27472221

  10. Glaucoma and Driving: On-Road Driving Characteristics.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joanne M Wood

    Full Text Available To comprehensively investigate the types of driving errors and locations that are most problematic for older drivers with glaucoma compared to those without glaucoma using a standardized on-road assessment.Participants included 75 drivers with glaucoma (mean = 73.2±6.0 years with mild to moderate field loss (better-eye MD = -1.21 dB; worse-eye MD = -7.75 dB and 70 age-matched controls without glaucoma (mean = 72.6 ± 5.0 years. On-road driving performance was assessed in a dual-brake vehicle by an occupational therapist using a standardized scoring system which assessed the types of driving errors and the locations where they were made and the number of critical errors that required an instructor intervention. Driving safety was rated on a 10-point scale. Self-reported driving ability and difficulties were recorded using the Driving Habits Questionnaire.Drivers with glaucoma were rated as significantly less safe, made more driving errors, and had almost double the rate of critical errors than those without glaucoma. Driving errors involved lane positioning and planning/approach, and were significantly more likely to occur at traffic lights and yield/give-way intersections. There were few between group differences in self-reported driving ability.Older drivers with glaucoma with even mild to moderate field loss exhibit impairments in driving ability, particularly during complex driving situations that involve tactical problems with lane-position, planning ahead and observation. These results, together with the fact that these drivers self-report their driving to be relatively good, reinforce the need for evidence-based on-road assessments for evaluating driving fitness.

  11. Glaucoma and Driving: On-Road Driving Characteristics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wood, Joanne M; Black, Alex A; Mallon, Kerry; Thomas, Ravi; Owsley, Cynthia

    2016-01-01

    To comprehensively investigate the types of driving errors and locations that are most problematic for older drivers with glaucoma compared to those without glaucoma using a standardized on-road assessment. Participants included 75 drivers with glaucoma (mean = 73.2±6.0 years) with mild to moderate field loss (better-eye MD = -1.21 dB; worse-eye MD = -7.75 dB) and 70 age-matched controls without glaucoma (mean = 72.6 ± 5.0 years). On-road driving performance was assessed in a dual-brake vehicle by an occupational therapist using a standardized scoring system which assessed the types of driving errors and the locations where they were made and the number of critical errors that required an instructor intervention. Driving safety was rated on a 10-point scale. Self-reported driving ability and difficulties were recorded using the Driving Habits Questionnaire. Drivers with glaucoma were rated as significantly less safe, made more driving errors, and had almost double the rate of critical errors than those without glaucoma. Driving errors involved lane positioning and planning/approach, and were significantly more likely to occur at traffic lights and yield/give-way intersections. There were few between group differences in self-reported driving ability. Older drivers with glaucoma with even mild to moderate field loss exhibit impairments in driving ability, particularly during complex driving situations that involve tactical problems with lane-position, planning ahead and observation. These results, together with the fact that these drivers self-report their driving to be relatively good, reinforce the need for evidence-based on-road assessments for evaluating driving fitness.

  12. Widely-Tunable Parametric Short-Wave Infrared Transmitter for CO2 Trace Detection (POSTPRINT)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    coefficient in nonlinear fiber by distant low-power FWM,” IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting, paper WC1.1, Playa Del Carmen, Mexico (2010... traveling -wave construction (i.e. they are cavity-less), they circumvent all the impairments #140287 - $15.00 USD Received 3 Jan 2011; revised 16 Mar

  13. Percepción de la comunidad del archipiélago de Bocas del Toro, Panamá, sobre el impacto de la industria turística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mercedes Camargo Velandia

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Desarrollar políticas públicas que impulsen el turismo y respondan al cambio climático exige el análisis de múltiples variables sociales, económicas y ambientales. En el contexto de la gestión de las zonas aisladas físicamente, como los archipiélagos, dicho análisis depende de conocer las características ambientales y las necesidades socioeconómicas de las comunidades locales que permitan reconocer las percepciones de los individuos. Este trabajo se centra en este aspecto social y se interesa en conocer la percepción de la comunidad sobre los impactos socioeconómicos y ambientales que ha experimentado en los últimos años como consecuencia del turismo que se está desarrollando en el archipiélago de Bocas del Toro. En la investigación se realizaron 200 entrevistas durante 2013 en cuatro islas del archipiélago de Bocas que desarrollan actividades turísticas. Los resultados del estudio permiten caracterizar a la comunidad y conocer su percepción teniendo en cuenta que desarrollan actividades estrechamente ligadas al turismo y que este se desarrolla en un escenario altamente desregularizado, donde hay una débil capacidad de control y seguimiento por parte del Estado, lo que ha impulsado un proceso desordenado de construcción y ocupación del territorio. Se concluye que la percepción de la comunidad local se encuentra dividida marginalmente a favor del desarrollo de la industria turística por una mayor conciencia de los costos y beneficios que el turismo ha traído. Sin embargo, las voces de euforia inicial con la venta de casas y terrenos a extranjeros realizada en los años noventa han cedido espacio a una visión más crítica y más social. Los aspectos más positivos del desarrollo de la industria del turismo en este lugar son su aporte en el dinamismo de la economía local –en comparación con la situación de 1983– y la mejora en la infraestructura, que han resultado atractivos para que personas de otros lugares

  14. Identifying Method of Drunk Driving Based on Driving Behavior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaohua Zhao

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Drunk driving is one of the leading causes contributing to traffic crashes. There are numerous issues that need to be resolved with the current method of identifying drunk driving. Driving behavior, with the characteristic of real-time, was extensively researched to identify impaired driving behaviors. In this paper, the drives with BACs above 0.05% were defined as drunk driving state. A detailed comparison was made between normal driving and drunk driving. The experiment in driving simulator was designed to collect the driving performance data of the groups. According to the characteristics analysis for the effect of alcohol on driving performance, seven significant indicators were extracted and the drunk driving was identified by the Fisher Discriminant Method. The discriminant function demonstrated a high accuracy of classification. The optimal critical score to differentiate normal from drinking state was found to be 0. The evaluation result verifies the accuracy of classification method.

  15. Eolian deposition cycles since AD 500 in Playa San Bartolo lunette dune, Sonora, Mexico: Paleoclimatic implications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ortega, Beatriz; Schaaf, Peter; Murray, Andrew; Caballero, Margarita; Lozano, Socorro; Ramirez, Angel

    2013-12-01

    Records of past climatic changes in desert environments are scarce due to the poor preservation of biological proxies. To overcome this lack we consider the paleoenvironmental significance and age of a lunette dune at the eastern rim of Playa San Bartolo (PSB) in the Sonoran Desert (Mexico). Thermoluminescence and optical stimulated luminescence (TL and OSL) provide the chronology of lunette dune development. Mineralogical, geochemical (major, trace and REE element concentrations) and rock magnetic analyses allow for the assessment of sediment provenance and changes in the composition of the PSB dune over time. The upper 6 m of dune accumulation occurred over the past 1.5 ka, largely during AD 500-1200, a period that correlates with the Medieval climatic anomaly (AD 300-1300). Variability in composition of dune sediments is attributed to changes in sediment sources. Sand sized deposits are mainly eroded from granitoids from nearby outcrops. Sandy silt deposits, rich in evaporative minerals, resulted after the flooding of PSB, later deflation and accumulation of both detritic and authigenic components in the dune. These findings suggest that main dune accretion occurred during regionally extended drought conditions, disrupted by sporadic heavy rainfall.

  16. Gilberto Harris Bucher, Emigrantes e inmigrantes en Chile, 1810-1915. Nuevos aportes y notas revisionnistas, Valparaíso, Universidad de Playa Ancha Editorial, 2001.

    OpenAIRE

    Compagnon, Olivier

    2005-01-01

    Professeur d’histoire à l’Université des Sciences de l’Éducation de Playa Ancha (Valparaíso), auteur de nombreux travaux consacrés aux phénomènes d’émigration et d’immigration au Chili au XIXe siècle (Emigración y políticas gubernamentales de Chile durante el siglo XIX en 1996, Inmigración e emigración en Chile durante el siglo XIX. Estudios y documentos en 1997), l’auteur propose avec cet ouvrage une série d’études destinées à contrecarrer un certain nombre d’idées généralement admises à pro...

  17. Self-rated driving and driving safety in older adults.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ross, Lesley A; Dodson, Joan E; Edwards, Jerri D; Ackerman, Michelle L; Ball, Karlene

    2012-09-01

    Many U.S. states rely on older adults to self-regulate their driving and determine when driving is no longer a safe option. However, the relationship of older adults' self-rated driving in terms of actual driving competency outcomes is unclear. The current study investigates self-rated driving in terms of (1) systematic differences between older adults with high (good/excellent) versus low (poor/fair/average) self-ratings, and (2) the predictive nature of self-rated driving to adverse driving outcomes in older adults (n=350; mean age 73.9, SD=5.25, range 65-91). Adverse driving outcomes included self-reported incidences of (1) being pulled over by the police, (2) receiving a citation, (3) receiving a recommendation to cease or limit driving, (4) crashes, and (5) state-reported crashes. Results found that older drivers with low self-ratings reported more medical conditions, less driving frequency, and had been given more suggestions to stop/limit their driving; there were no other significant differences between low and high self-raters. Logistic regression revealed older drivers were more likely to have a state-reported crash and receive a suggestion to stop or limit driving. Men were more likely to report all adverse driving outcomes except for receiving a suggestion to stop or limit driving. Regarding self-rated driving, older adults with high ratings were 66% less likely (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.14-0.85) to have received suggestions to limit or stop driving after accounting for demographics, health and driving frequency. Self-ratings were not predictive of other driving outcomes (being pulled over by the police, receiving a citation, self-reported crashes, or state-reported crashes, ps>0.05). Most older drivers (85.14%) rated themselves as either good or excellent drivers regardless of their actual previous citation or crash rates. Self-rated driving is likely not related to actual driving proficiency as indicated by previous crash involvement in older adults

  18. El Puerto de La Laja (Huelva, como Bien de Interés Cultural en la categoría de Sitio Histórico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emilio Romero Macías

    2010-01-01

    de sol y playa para el conocimiento de otras culturas y como plan dinamizador de zonas que han sido afectadas por el declive de la minería en nuestra provincia. Parte del poblado del Puerto de La Laja se encuentra actualmente rehabilitado para su explotación como turismo rural, por lo que la arquitectura en cierto modo ha tratado de conjuntar la antigua disposición de las casas con las mejoras realizadas para este tipo de uso.

  19. The Drive-Wise Project: Driving Simulator Training increases real driving performance in healthy older drivers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gianclaudio eCasutt

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Background: Age-related cognitive decline is often associated with unsafe driving behavior. We hypothesized that 10 active training sessions in a driving simulator increase cognitive and on-road driving performance. In addition, driving simulator training should outperform cognitive training.Methods: Ninety-one healthy active drivers (62 – 87 years were randomly assigned to either (1 a driving simulator training group, (2 an attention training group (vigilance and selective attention, or (3 a control group. The main outcome variables were on-road driving and cognitive performance. Seventy-seven participants (85% completed the training and were included in the analyses. Training gains were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis with planned comparisons.Results: The driving simulator training group showed an improvement in on-road driving performance compared to the attention training group. In addition, both training groups increased cognitive performance compared to the control group. Conclusion: Driving simulator training offers the potential to enhance driving skills in older drivers. Compared to the attention training, the simulator training seems to be a more powerful program for increasing older drivers’ safety on the road.

  20. Electrical drives for direct drive renewable energy systems

    CERN Document Server

    Mueller, Markus

    2013-01-01

    Wind turbine gearboxes present major reliability issues, leading to great interest in the current development of gearless direct-drive wind energy systems. Offering high reliability, high efficiency and low maintenance, developments in these direct-drive systems point the way to the next generation of wind power, and Electrical drives for direct drive renewable energy systems is an authoritative guide to their design, development and operation. Part one outlines electrical drive technology, beginning with an overview of electrical generators for direct drive systems. Principles of electrical design for permanent magnet generators are discussed, followed by electrical, thermal and structural generator design and systems integration. A review of power electronic converter technology and power electronic converter systems for direct drive renewable energy applications is then conducted. Part two then focuses on wind and marine applications, beginning with a commercial overview of wind turbine drive systems and a...

  1. Self-rated Driving and Driving Safety in Older Adults

    OpenAIRE

    Ross, Lesley A.; Dodson, Joan; Edwards, Jerri D.; Ackerman, Michelle L.; Ball, Karlene

    2012-01-01

    Many U.S. states rely on older adults to self-regulate their driving and determine when driving is no longer a safe option. However, the relationship of older adults’ self-rated driving in terms of actual driving competency outcomes is unclear. The current study investigates self-rated driving in terms of (1) systematic differences between older adults with high (good/excellent) versus low (poor/fair/average) self-ratings, and (2) the predictive nature of self-rated driving to adverse driving...

  2. Factores de riesgo asociados a la hipertensión arterial en mujeres climatéricas

    OpenAIRE

    Miguel Lugones Botell; Tatiana Dávalos Sarría; Julia Pérez Piñeiro

    2002-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 8 consultorios médicos del Policlínico Docente "26 de Julio", del municipio Playa, con las mujeres hipertensas comprendidas entre las edades de 40 a 59 años, las que fueron estudiadas en el período comprendido entre el 1ero. de febrero de 1999 y el 31 de diciembre de 1999. En cada consultorio se partió del registro de dispensarización y se incluyó a todas las mujeres hipertensas esenciales. Como criterio de exclusión se estableció no incluir ...

  3. El ingreso en el hogar y su costo directo en Cuba The direct costs of home care in Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Isabel M. Barroso Utra; Anai García Fariñas; Armando Rodríguez Salvá; Pol de Vos; Mariano Bonet Gorbea; Patrick Van Der Stuyft

    2007-01-01

    OBJETIVOS: Analizar el tiempo de estadía en ingreso en el hogar (IH) y su costo diario y por paciente en Cuba, según el diagnóstico al ingreso y la zona donde se brinda el servicio. MÉTODOS: Se analizó la información de los 837 pacientes en IH entre julio de 2001 y junio de 2002 en un área del municipio Playa, en Ciudad de La Habana (zona urbana metropolitana), una del municipio Cruces, en Cienfuegos (zona urbana no metropolitana), otra del Municipio Unión de Reyes, en Matanzas (zona rural) y...

  4. Influence of riverine outputs on sandy beaches of Higuerote, central coast of Venezuela Influencia de aportes fluviales en playas arenosas de Higuerote, costa central de Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Herrera

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The influence of riverine outputs from the Tuy River on the coastal processes of near sandy beaches was assessed by measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of water and sediment samples at eight sites along the north central Venezuelan coast and from the rivers that flow through this región into the sea (Tuy, Capaya, Curiepe during two field surveys. In addition, the behavior of the Tuy River discharge plume was evaluated using remote sensors, and its effect on the population abundance and size structure of the clam Tivela mactroides was determined. Of the three rivers evaluated, the Tuy River had the highest impact on the coastal zone (789.15 ± 190.63 km² in terms of flow rate (246.39 m³ s-1, nutrients (659.61 ± 503.27 g s-1total nitrogen; 52 ± 53.09 g s-1 total phosphorus and sedimentary material (9320.84 ± 9728.15 g s-1. The variables measured (salinity, total nitrogen and phosphorus, pH, turbidity, and total organic carbon showed a spatial gradient along the coast. Tivela mactroides had the highest biomass and density (9126.8 ± 1562 g m-2; 9222.22 ± 1976.72 ind m-2 at the sites farthest from the river mouths and smaller sizes (Para evaluar los aportes del río Tuy sobre los procesos costeros en playas arenosas cercanas, se examinó en dos campañas de muestreo, las características físicas y químicas a nivel de agua y sedimento en ocho estaciones ubicadas a lo largo de la costa centro norte de Venezuela, el cauce de los ríos que allí desembocan (Tuy, Capaya, Curiepe, además del comportamiento de la pluma del río Tuy mediante sensores remotos y su influencia sobre las poblaciones de la almeja Tivela mactroides en cuanto a abundancia y estructura de talla. El río Tuy tuvo mayor predominio sobre la zona costera (789,15 ± 190,63 km , presentó el mayor aporte líquido (246,39 m³ s-1, de nutrientes (659,61 ± 503,27 g s-1 nitrógeno total; 52 ± 53,09 g s-1fósforo total y material sedimentario (9320,84 ± 9728,15 g

  5. Estudio y clasificación de la materia orgánica dispersa (MOD en el Lías de la Playa de Peñarrubia (Asturias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    González Prado, J. J.

    1990-04-01

    Full Text Available A study of the organic matter of a marine sequence of the west part from Peñarrubia Beach (Asturias has been carried out using pyrolysis tests and petrographic and geochemical techniques. White light and fluorescence microscopic observations have permitted to establish a general classification of the disperse organic matter, its distribution and concentration along the series, and also the variation with the litology. The organic components have been classified into nine groups which are mainly found in the Upper part of the Pliensbachian marlaceous and lutitic beds. These bituminous leveis are composed of a kerogen type 11 or mixed, with a small contribution of terrestrial humic materials. The rank of DOM has been determined by huminite reflectance and Rock-Eval (Tmax, being both results concordant. The DOM is in an inmature stage before the oil generation window. The highest oil yields determined by pyrolysis tests at 500°C correspond to the richest DOM levels. Petrographic and geochemical data show a good correlation. AIgae, fibers, organic-mineral matrix and other submicroscopic associations are the main source for oil generation.En el presente trabajo se estudia por técnicas petrográficas y mediante ensayos de pirólisis o técnicas geoquímicas la serie marina del borde Oeste de la Playa de Peñarrubia (Asturias para conocer la naturaleza de su parte orgánica. Las observaciones microscópicas en luz blanca y por fluorescencia han permitido establecer una clasificación general de la materia orgánica dispersa, su distribución y concentración a lo largo de toda la serie y según las diferentes litologías. Se han clasificado los componentes orgánicos en 9 grupos mayoritarios que se concentran, principalmente en los niveles margosos y lutíticos del Pliensbachiense, habiéndose delimitado niveles bituminosos en la parte superior de la serie. Estos están constituidos por un kerógeno de tipo 11 mixto formado por un material aut

  6. Effects of sediment removal on vegetation communities in Rainwater Basin playa wetlands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beas, Benjamin J; Smith, Loren M; LaGrange, Theodore G; Stutheit, Randy

    2013-10-15

    Sedimentation from cultivated agricultural land use has altered the natural hydrologic regimes of depressional wetlands in the Great Plains. These alterations can negatively affect native wetland plant communities. Our objective was to determine if restored wetlands are developing plant communities similar to reference wetland conditions following hydrologic restoration. For this study, hydrology was restored via sediment removal. Thirty-four playa wetlands in reference, restored, and agricultural condition within the Rainwater Basin Region of Nebraska were sampled in 2008 and 2009. In 2008, reference and restored wetlands had higher species richness and more native, annual, and perennial species than agricultural wetlands. Restored wetlands had similar exotic species richness compared to reference and agricultural wetlands; however, reference wetlands contained more than agricultural wetlands. Restored wetlands proportion of exotics was 3.5 and 2 times less than agricultural wetlands and reference wetlands respectively. In 2009, reference and restored wetlands had higher species richness, more perennial species, and more native species than agricultural wetlands. Restored wetlands contained a greater number and proportion of annuals than reference and agricultural wetlands. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that reference, restored, and agricultural wetlands are dominated by different plant species and guilds. Restored wetland plant communities do not appear to be acting as intermediates between reference and agricultural wetland conditions or on a trajectory to reach reference conditions. This may be attributed to differing seed bank communities between reference and restored wetlands, dispersal limitations of perennial plant guilds associated with reference wetland conditions, and/or management activities may be preventing restored wetlands from reaching reference status. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Consecuencias socio-económicas asociadas a la erosión costera en el Balneario Parque Mar Chiquita, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandra Merlotto

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La erosión costera es un fenómeno natural que constituye un problema ambiental de gran importancia en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina y especialmente en el Balneario Parque Mar Chiquita. Dada la magnitud del proceso erosivo, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar las implicancias socio-económicas que el mismo ha ocasionado en el pueblo. A partir de fotografías aéreas se evaluó la evolución de la ocupación urbana y la pérdida de lotes y viviendas en la franja costera en diversos cortes históricos y se revisó la legislación sobre fundación de pueblos. Se constató que la misma dejó importantes vacíos en cuanto a la determinación del dominio público en la zona adyacente a la playa, aprovechados por ciertos actores sociales para obtener mayores beneficios. La problemática ha originado importantes pérdidas económicas para el área debido a la gran cantidad de damnificados que no recibieron resarcimiento, sumado a un deterioro paisajístico que perjudicó el desarrollo del turismo de sol y playa.

  8. The economic valuation of the recreational benefits of Dichato Beach (tome-Chlie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Alonso Orrego

    1997-07-01

    Full Text Available Las condiciones naturales y la infraestructura de servicios existente en la playa de Dichato (VIII Región-Chile, posibilitan la presencia de un considerable número de familias durante las temporadas de verano. Mediante la adecuada aplicación del método del costo de viaje, es posible estimar la demanda recreacional de la playa y sus beneficios económicos. El documento privilegia la modelación del número de viajes efectuados durante un período de tiempo determinado, y en este sentido presenta los resultados econométricos de los siguientes modelos estadísticos: estimación por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios de una forma funcional lineal (OLSL, y de una forma semi-log (OLSS; estimación por máxima verosimilitud de una forma funcional lineal (MLEL, de una semi-log (MLES, de una distribución Poisson tanto general (POIS como truncada (TPOIS, y de una distribución de una Binomial Negativa también general (BNEG como truncada (TBNEG. En total son ocho (8 modelos, de los cuales OLSL, OLSS, MLEL y MLES se caracterizan por generar estimadores basados en distribuciones de probabilidades continuas. Los restantes modelos POIS, TPOIS, BNEG y TBNEG, corresponden a distribuciones discretas.

  9. Análisis estructural del sector azucarero y el etanol del Valle del Cauca Structural analysis of the sugar and ethanol sector of the Valle del Cauca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro L. Cruz Aguilar

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Al analizar el sector azucarero y el etanol del Valle del Cauca se pretende demostrar que de seguir el precio internacional del azúcar por encima de 16 centavos de dólar la libra, la industria azucarera contaría con mecanismos de coordinación que le permitirán direccionar su producción de caña de azúcar hacia este eslabón de la cadena productiva por ser el que mayor margen de utilidad le produce, sin tener que aumentar la cantidad de hects sembradas de manera proporcional al incremento del azúcar exportada. Cuestión que consolido al sector azucarero como uno de los dinamizadores de la economía colombiana, pero a la fecha ha obligado al gobierno a rebajar el porcentaje de alcohol carburante en la gasolina del 10 al 8% y crea dudas sobre el cumplimiento de los decretos que incrementan de manera sustancial el porcentaje de alcohol carburante para los motores de 2000 cms³.Analysis of the sector tries to demonstrate that following the international price of sugar above 16 cents a pound, the sugar industry will count on coordinating mechanisms that will allow them to direct their production of cane sugar to the link in the productive chain which will produce the greatest profit margin will produce, without having to increase the number of acres planted in proportion to the increase in sugar exported. This consolidated the sugar industry as one of the driving forces of the Colombian economy, but to date has forced the government to lower the percentage of ethanol fuel in gasoline from 10 to 8 percent and casts doubt on the implementation of decrees which substantially increase the percentage of alcohol fuel for engines of 2000 cms³.

  10. Disturbaciones antrópicas recreativas del registro arqueológico en la costa del Golfo San Matías, Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana Mabel Manzi

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available La costa rionegrina del golfo San Matías muestra un uso casi continuo, ca. 5000 años AP hasta el presente. Los actuales usos que le son otorgados, considerando una franja de unos 5 km, están vinculados con actividades productivas y recreativas. En este trabajo interesa analizar las actividades recreativas que se desarrollan fuera de circuitos turísticos convencionales y que son realizadas tanto por los pobladores locales como a partir de la afluencia estacional de visitantes, puesto que sus desempeños podrían introducir disturbaciones en el registro arqueológico costero existente. En primera instancia, se prevé que el acceso esporádico al litoral marino podría producir daños, los cuales puede provenir de la apertura de huellas, a través de las cuales acceder a la playa, y de la acumulación de desperdicios. Entre los descartes modernos revisten un especial interés las acumulaciones de valvas actuales, producidas por el marisqueo de moluscos recolectados durante las visitas, puesto que esta clase de residuos generan pequeños concheros. En consecuencia, nuestro objetivo es reconocer los sectores de la costa que son utilizados con fines recreativos de forma espontánea y realizar un análisis comparativo de las estructuras de descarte generadas en el pasado (concheros y las recientemente (basurales, para proponer criterios que permitan diferenciarlas. Se prevé que los resultados obtenidos permitirán reconocer qué sectores del litoral marino son los que se encuentran afectados, los conflictos que se producen en el uso de este espacio en relación con el registro arqueológico y ofrecer recomendaciones dirigidas a un turismo sustentable.

  11. Repercusión de la demencia en los cuidadores primordiales del policlínico "Ana Betancourt" Repercussion of dementia in the fundamental carers of "Ana Betancourt" Polyclinic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Víctor T. Pérez Martínez

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la demencia senil es reconocida actualmente como una entidad mayor en el orden socioeconómico, geriátrico, psiquiátrico y epidemiológico. Su atención representa un elevado costo emocional y económico para el paciente, la familia y el cuidador primordial. Objetivos: describir la repercusión psicosocial del síndrome demencial en los cuidadores primordiales del policlínico "Ana Betancourt". Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, durante el primer cuatrimestre del año 2009, en el policlínico "Ana Betancourt" del municipio Playa. Incluyó a 36 cuidadores de igual número de pacientes diagnosticados con demencia y enfermedad de Alzheimer, escogidos mediante muestreo por criterios. Resultados: los cuidadores primordiales eran en su mayoría féminas, hijas del paciente, en la quinta década de la vida, amas de casa, divorciadas y con un nivel de escolaridad de preuniversitario. El principal motivo de consulta de los cuidadores fue solicitar ayuda profesional para controlar los síntomas no cognitivos de la enfermedad. El cuidador dedica alrededor de 13 h diarias al cuidado del paciente que sufre de demencia, la mayor parte en la supervisión y vigilancia. Se encontró marcada afectación psicológica en el 64 % de los cuidadores. El nivel de sobrecarga o estrés en la población de cuidadores estudiada resultó elevado. Conclusiones: el cuidado del paciente que sufre de demencia se asocia a una sobrecarga y estrés relevantes que se expresa en la elevada morbilidad psicológica constatada en los cuidadores primordiales. Se recomienda diseñar un plan de intervención educativa dirigido a estos cuidadores para reducir la sobrecarga o estrés crónico que sufren.Introduction: senile dementia is nowadays recognized as a major entity in socioeconomic, geriatric, psychiatric and epidemiologic order. Its care represents a high emotional and economic cost for patient, family and fundamental carer

  12. Dementia & Driving

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... have to give up driving. Many people associate driving with self-reliance and freedom; the loss of driving privileges ... familiar roads and avoid long distances. Avoid heavy traffic and heavily traveled roads. Avoid driving at night and in bad weather. Reduce the ...

  13. First Observation of Rock Motion on Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park—Role of a Persistent Pool, Sun, Zephyrs, Windowpane Ice, and Tugboats

    Science.gov (United States)

    Norris, R. D.; Norris, J. M.

    2014-12-01

    Trails in the mud-cracked surface of Racetrack Playa have been scored by hundreds of rocks up to 320 kg, but the mechanism of movement is debated. In Winter 2013-2014, we observed rocks in motion associated with a transient pool formed by winter precipitation. The pond was 7 cm deep on the southern edge of the playa, tapering to a mud flat to the north. Freezing during cold winter nights formed floating "windowpane" ice 3-5 mm thick. Rocks repeatedly moved on sunny days under light winds of 3-5 m/second, as the ice broke up near midday and was set into motion by wind stress on melt pools and the ice surface. Ice panels shoved rocks along the mud like a tugboat, sometimes forming moving imbricated ice piles upstream of the rocks and in other cases moving faster than the rocks and forming brash-filled leads downstream. GPS units mounted in experimental rocks recorded a creeping pace of 2-6 m/minute, a speed that made it difficult to observe trail formation visually. The 2013-2014 pond formed on November 20-24 and persisted through early February 2014. During this time rocks were observed moving at least five times, and studies of "stiz marks" formed by rocks at the ends of trail segments show that there were likely 3-5 additional move events. Observed travel times ranged from a few seconds to 16 minutes. In one event, two experimental rocks 153 m apart began moving simultaneously and traveled 64.1 and 65.6 m respectively, ultimately moving 157-162 m in subsequent events. Rock motion depends on the creation of winter pools sufficiently deep to allow the formation of floating ice and exposed to the light winds and sun needed for ice breakup. The combination of these events is extremely rare, leading to highly episodic trail formation. Our observations differ from previous hypotheses in that the rocks were moved by thinner ice, at slower speeds, and by lighter winds than predicted.

  14. El turismo rural como experiencia significativa y su estudio desde la fenomenologia existencial

    OpenAIRE

    Baltazar Bernal, Obdulia; Zavala Ruiz, Jesús

    2015-01-01

    El turismo rural es una moda ante la crisis del turismo masivo, estandarizado de sol y playa que no tiene una definición consensuada mundialmente porque lo rural tiene variadas significaciones. Primero, se hace un análisis etimológico del término "turismo rural", se propone una definición ampliada para el contexto mexicano como "turismo ranchero" y se exhibe un concepto multidimensional: económico, gerencial y fenomenológico. Luego, se esboza un marco de referencia desde una perspectiva fenom...

  15. A qualitative exploration of driving stress and driving discourtesy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scott-Parker, B; Jones, C M; Rune, K; Tucker, J

    2018-05-31

    Driving courtesy, and conversely driving discourtesy, recently has been of great interest in the public domain. In addition, there has been increasing recognition of the negative impact of stress upon the individual's health and wellbeing, with a plethora of interventions aimed at minimising stress more generally. The research literature regarding driving dis/courtesy, in comparison, is scant, with a handful of studies examining the dis/courteous driving behaviour of road users, and the relationship between driving discourtesy and driving stress. To examine courteous and discourteous driving experiences, and to explore the impact of stress associated with such driving experiences. Thirty-eight drivers (20 females) from the Sunshine Coast region volunteered to participate in one of four 1-1.5 h focus groups. Content analysis used the verbatim utterances captured via an Mp3 device. Three themes pertaining to stressful and discourteous interactions were identified. Theme one pertained to the driving context: road infrastructure (eg, roundabouts, roadwork), vehicles (eg, features), location (eg, country vs city, unfamiliar areas), and temporal aspects (eg, holidays). Theme two pertained to other road users: their behaviour (eg, tailgating, merging), and unknown factors (eg, illicit and licit drug use). Theme three pertained to the self as road user: their own behaviours (eg, deliberate intimidation), and their emotions (eg, angry reaction to other drivers, being in control). Driving dis/courtesy and driving stress is a complex phenomenon, suggesting complex intervention efforts are required. Driving discourtesy was reported as being highly stressful, therefore intervention efforts which encourage driving courtesy and which foster emotional capacity to cope with stressful circumstances appear warranted. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  16. Caracterización biopsicosocial del consumo de drogas que afectan la conciencia y la personalidad en el Policlínico Docente "Ana Betancourt"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Víctor Tadeo Pérez Martínez

    Full Text Available Introducción: en el curso del presente siglo se afectará la tercera parte de la población mundial debido a la drogodependencia. Además de sus consecuencias legales, este fenómeno supone importantes alteraciones biopsicosociales. Objetivo: caracterizar el consumo de drogas que afectan la conciencia y la personalidad en el policlínico "Ana Betancourt", del municipio Playa. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario a 80 pacientes seleccionados utilizando el muestreo por criterios, en el que se exploran aspectos como son: las razones que propician el consumo, principales factores de riesgo, trastornos comórbidos más frecuentes, los cuales posibilitan el logro del objetivo propuesto. Resultados: el 25,0 % de la muestra no posee vínculo ocupacional. El 43,7 % tuvo o mantiene una ocupación vinculada a la fabricación, distribución o expendio de bebidas alcohólicas. El 50,0 % tiene antecedentes familiares de primer grado de drogadicción. El 60,0 % afirmó, que en algún momento de sus vidas, presentó déficit de atención con hiperactividad. El 85,0 % señaló haberse iniciado en el consumo de drogas en la adolescencia tardía. El trastorno de personalidad es el desorden comórbido más frecuente. La búsqueda del placer persistió, en el 100 % de la muestra, como la principal razón del consumo reiterado de drogas, en las diferentes etapas de la vida. Conclusiones: la vía hedónica fue la principal responsable de las toxicomanías. Los trastornos comórbidos radicaron en expresiones variadas del estado de ánimo, siendo la depresión uno de los cuadros más comunes. Las dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales constituyen el principal factor de riesgo familiar para el consumo.

  17. Electric drives

    CERN Document Server

    Boldea, Ion

    2005-01-01

    ENERGY CONVERSION IN ELECTRIC DRIVESElectric Drives: A DefinitionApplication Range of Electric DrivesEnergy Savings Pay Off RapidlyGlobal Energy Savings Through PEC DrivesMotor/Mechanical Load MatchMotion/Time Profile MatchLoad Dynamics and StabilityMultiquadrant OperationPerformance IndexesProblemsELECTRIC MOTORS FOR DRIVESElectric Drives: A Typical ConfigurationElectric Motors for DrivesDC Brush MotorsConventional AC MotorsPower Electronic Converter Dependent MotorsEnergy Conversion in Electric Motors/GeneratorsPOWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS (PECs) FOR DRIVESPower Electronic Switches (PESs)The

  18. Older drivers with cognitive impairment: Perceived changes in driving skills, driving-related discomfort and self-regulation of driving

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Meng, A.; Siren, A.; Teasdale, Thomas William

    2013-01-01

    The results of a previous study indicate that in general, older drivers who recognise cognitive problems show realistic self-assessment of changes in their driving skills and that driving-related discomfort may function as an indirect monitoring of driving ability, contributing to their safe...... drivers may recognise cognitive problems, they tend not to recognise changes to their driving, which may reflect reluctance to acknowledge the impact of cognitive impairment on their driving. Furthermore, the results suggest that driving-related discomfort plays an important role in the self......-regulation of driving among cognitively impaired older drivers. However, it is less clear what triggers driving-related discomfort among cognitively impaired older drivers indicating that it may be a less reliable aspect of their self-monitoring of driving ability....

  19. Drive Stands

    Data.gov (United States)

    Federal Laboratory Consortium — The Electrical Systems Laboratory (ESL)houses numerous electrically driven drive stands. A drive stand consists of an electric motor driving a gearbox and a mounting...

  20. Comparing Expert and Novice Driving Behavior in a Driving Simulator

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hiran B. Ekanayake

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a study focused on comparing driving behavior of expert and novice drivers in a mid-range driving simulator with the intention of evaluating the validity of driving simulators for driver training. For the investigation, measurements of performance, psychophysiological measurements, and self-reported user experience under different conditions of driving tracks and driving sessions were analyzed. We calculated correlations between quantitative and qualitative measures to enhance the reliability of the findings. The experiment was conducted involving 14 experienced drivers and 17 novice drivers. The results indicate that driving behaviors of expert and novice drivers differ from each other in several ways but it heavily depends on the characteristics of the task. Moreover, our belief is that the analytical framework proposed in this paper can be used as a tool for selecting appropriate driving tasks as well as for evaluating driving performance in driving simulators.

  1. Variación de los índices de saturación en función del calculo de coeficientes de actividad. su aplicación a las fases mineralogicas de las lagunas de Monegros (Zaragoza, España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mandado, J.

    1991-12-01

    Full Text Available Application of WATEQ4F and SOLMINEQ.88 speciation-solubility codes to brines fmm La Playa in Los Monegros (Zaragoza has been used to contrast different approaches in activity calculations and to determinate saturation indexo The evaporation process increases ionic force and activities of dissolved species but with notorious singularities; the salt precipitation is theoretically reached only with ionic forces greater than 3. Pitzer's formulation included in SOLMINEQ.88 options is the best one for approximation to natural observations, and WATEQ4F also shows good concordance with evolutive trendLa aplicación de los códigos de especiación WATEQ4F y SOLMINEQ.88 a los datos del sistema natural de la laguna de La Playa en Los Monegros (Zaragoza proporcionados por autores previos, ha servido para contrastar distintas opciones de cálculo. Como era de esperar, el aumento de la Fuerza Iónica con el avance de la evaporación proporciona un incremento de la actividad de las especies disueltas (y una disminución de la del agua sea cual sea la opción escogida, aunque existen notorias diferencias y singularidades. Los Indices de Saturación de las especies minerales presentes en el sistema (calcita, dolomita, yeso, anhidrita, thenardita y halita muestran que la espectacular precipitación de sales observada en el fondo de las lagunas sólo se consigue, de acuerdo con la serie de desmuestre tratada, cuando la evaporación está ya bastante avanzada y con Fuerzas Iónicas mayores de 3. De todas las opciones de cálculo analizadas, la que proporciona unos resultados más acordes con lo observado en el medio natural es la correspondiente al SOLMINEQ.88 con el desarrollo de ecuaciones de Pitzer, aunque también el WATEQ4F muestra concordancias en cuanto a las tendencias.

  2. Reposicionamiento para destinos turísticos consolidados: el caso de Los Cabos, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica Montaño Armendáriz

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Los Cabos es un destino internacional, en fase de madurez, sustentado en tres ventajas: localización, naturaleza e infraestructura turística. En este documento se revisan los conceptos y estudios relacionados con los destinos de sol y playa; se contextualiza la problemática y se esbozan las perspectivas de esta actividad, ya que de continuar el actual modelo la competitividad del destino se ve amenazada. La aplicación de la teoría del «Ciclo de vida de los destinos turísticos», como modelo descriptivo-predictivo, ayuda a plantear algunas propuestas para un posible replanteamiento del modelo.

  3. Cognitive problems, self-rated changes in driving skills, driving-related discomfort and self-regulation of driving in old drivers

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Meng, Annette; Siren, Anu Kristiina

    2012-01-01

    Ageing in general is associated with functional decline that may have an adverse effect on driving. Nevertheless, older drivers have been found to show good judgement and to self-regulate their driving, which may enable them to continue driving safely despite functional decline. The process...... of the self-monitoring of driving ability and the awareness of functional decline, and its association with the self-regulation of driving is, however, not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the perceived changes in driving skills, the discomfort experienced in driving, and the self......-related discomfort is an important factor affecting the self-regulation of driving. Finally, the findings indicate that driving-related discomfort functions as an indirect self-monitoring of driving ability and may contribute to the safe driving performance of Danish older drivers....

  4. Revisión de registros y notas de Pingüino Rey (Aptenodytes patagonicus) y el Pingüino Penacho Amarillo (Eudyptes chrysocome) en Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Barquete, Viviane; Bugoni, Leandro; Silva-Filho, Rodolfo P.; Adornes, Andrea C.

    2006-01-01

    En este estudio se presenta una revisión de hallazgos previos y nuevos registros del Pingüino Rey (Aptenodytes patagonicus) y del Pingüino Penacho Amarillo (Eudyptes chrysocome) en la costa de Brasil. En total se registraron seis individuos de Pingüino Rey y diez de Pingüino de Penacho Amarillo. Tanto juveniles como adultos de las dos especies fueron encontrados en las playas, especialmente en Rio Grande do Sul, sur de Brasil. Los registros de Pingüino Rey están restringidos al verano, mientr...

  5. Modelo Predictivo para la Permanencia en la Educación Superior

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez, Vera Montserrat; González Campos, José; Patricio Aguilera, Juan

    2017-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar el modelo multivariado predictivo para la permanencia universitaria a partir de atributos previos al ingreso a la universidad y de variables medidas durante el primer semestre de 2017 de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Playa Ancha que ingresaron a la universidad a través del Programa de Acompañamiento y Acceso Efectivo a la Educación Superior del Ministerio de Educación de Chile.El presente texto describe de manera breve el modelo de Tinto (1975). ...

  6. Ecosystem effects from produced water and potash mine disposal activities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roy, R.; Davis, D.; Hopkins, S.

    1993-01-01

    This study was initiated to determine the chemical, physical, and ecosystem effects of produced water and potash mine disposal practices upon naturally occurring-hypersaline playas in southeast New Mexico, Several playas that receive discharges were compared to several nearby reference playas. Results revealed that the treatment playas had been significantly altered when compared to the reference playas. For example, the salinity of treatment playas were greater than 300 per-thousand and those of reference playas were less than 200 per-thousand. The dominant ions in water and sediments of treatment playas were sodium and chloride. The major ions in reference playa water and sediments were sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulfate. In some instances aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations exceeded 13,000 ng/g in sediments from treatment playas. Aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were less than 100 ng/g in sediments from reference playas. Surveys revealed that treatment playas supported few, if any, invertebrates. On the other hand, reference playas supported dense populations of brine shrimp Artemis and brine fly Hydropyrus larvae. Surveys also indicated that reference playas were used by shorebirds for nesting and feeding, whereas treatment playas were used as loafing areas by waterfowl. Unfortunately, dead waterfowl were found along the shores of several treatment playas. Necropsies revealed that the most likely cause of death was salt toxicosis

  7. DrivingSense: Dangerous Driving Behavior Identification Based on Smartphone Autocalibration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chunmei Ma

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Since pervasive smartphones own advanced computing capability and are equipped with various sensors, they have been used for dangerous driving behaviors detection, such as drunk driving. However, sensory data gathered by smartphones are noisy, which results in inaccurate driving behaviors estimations. Some existing works try to filter noise from sensor readings, but usually only the outlier data are filtered. The noises caused by hardware of the smartphone cannot be removed from the sensor reading. In this paper, we propose DrivingSense, a reliable dangerous driving behavior identification scheme based on smartphone autocalibration. We first theoretically analyze the impact of the sensor error on the vehicle driving behavior estimation. Then, we propose a smartphone autocalibration algorithm based on sensor noise distribution determination when a vehicle is being driven. DrivingSense leverages the corrected sensor parameters to identify three kinds of dangerous behaviors: speeding, irregular driving direction change, and abnormal speed control. We evaluate the effectiveness of our scheme under realistic environments. The results show that DrivingSense, on average, is able to detect the driving direction change event and abnormal speed control event with 93.95% precision and 90.54% recall, respectively. In addition, the speed estimation error is less than 2.1 m/s, which is an acceptable range.

  8. Assessment of Sampling Approaches for Remote Sensing Image Classification in the Iranian Playa Margins

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kazem Alavipanah, Seyed

    There are some problems in soil salinity studies based upon remotely sensed data: 1-spectral world is full of ambiguity and therefore soil reflectance can not be attributed to a single soil property such as salinity, 2) soil surface conditions as a function of time and space is a complex phenomena, 3) vegetation with a dynamic biological nature may create some problems in the study of soil salinity. Due to these problems the first question which may arise is how to overcome or minimise these problems. In this study we hypothesised that different sources of data, well established sampling plan and optimum approach could be useful. In order to choose representative training sites in the Iranian playa margins, to define the spectral and informational classes and to overcome some problems encountered in the variation within the field, the following attempts were made: 1) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order: a) to determine the most important variables, b) to understand the Landsat satellite images and the most informative components, 2) the photomorphic unit (PMU) consideration and interpretation; 3) study of salt accumulation and salt distribution in the soil profile, 4) use of several forms of field data, such as geologic, geomorphologic and soil information; 6) confirmation of field data and land cover types with farmers and the members of the team. The results led us to find at suitable approaches with a high and acceptable image classification accuracy and image interpretation. KEY WORDS; Photo Morphic Unit, Pprincipal Ccomponent Analysis, Soil Salinity, Field Work, Remote Sensing

  9. Driving Style Analysis Using Primitive Driving Patterns With Bayesian Nonparametric Approaches

    OpenAIRE

    Wang, Wenshuo; Xi, Junqiang; Zhao, Ding

    2017-01-01

    Analysis and recognition of driving styles are profoundly important to intelligent transportation and vehicle calibration. This paper presents a novel driving style analysis framework using the primitive driving patterns learned from naturalistic driving data. In order to achieve this, first, a Bayesian nonparametric learning method based on a hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) is introduced to extract primitive driving patterns from time series driving data without prior knowledge of the number...

  10. Control rod drive

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okutani, Tetsuro.

    1988-01-01

    Purpose: To provide a simple and economical control rod drive using a control circuit requiring no pulse circuit. Constitution: Control rods in a BWR type reactor are driven by hydraulic pressure and inserted or withdrawn in the direction of applying the hydraulic pressure. The direction of the hydraulic pressure is controlled by a direction control valve. Since the driving for the control rod is extremely important in view of the operation, a self diagnosis function is disposed for rapid inspection of possible abnormality. In the present invention, two driving contacts are disposed each by one between the both ends of a solenoid valve of the direction control valve for driving the control rod and the driving power source, and diagnosis is conducted by alternately operating them. Therefore, since it is only necessary that the control circuit issues a driving instruction only to one of the two driving contacts, the pulse circuit is no more required. Further, since the control rod driving is conducted upon alignment of the two driving instructions, the reliability of the control rod drive can be improved. (Horiuchi, T.)

  11. Dimensions of driving anger and their relationships with aberrant driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Tingru; Chan, Alan H S; Zhang, Wei

    2015-08-01

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between driving anger and aberrant driving behaviours. An internet-based questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of Chinese drivers, with driving anger measured by a 14-item short Driving Anger Scale (DAS) and the aberrant driving behaviours measured by a 23-item Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ). The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that the three-factor model (hostile gesture, arrival-blocking and safety-blocking) of the DAS fitted the driving anger data well. The Exploratory Factor Analysis on DBQ data differentiated four types of aberrant driving, viz. emotional violation, error, deliberate violation and maintaining progress violation. For the anger-aberration relation, it was found that only "arrival-blocking" anger was a significant positive predictor for all four types of aberrant driving behaviours. The "safety-blocking" anger revealed a negative impact on deliberate violations, a finding different from previously established positive anger-aberration relation. These results suggest that drivers with different patterns of driving anger would show different behavioural tendencies and as a result intervention strategies may be differentially effective for drivers of different profiles. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Physical, chemical, and mineralogical data from surficial deposits, groundwater levels, and water composition in the area of Franklin Lake playa and Ash Meadows, California and Nevada

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goldstein, Harland L.; Breit, George N.; Yount, James C.; Reynolds, Richard L.; Reheis, Marith C.; Skipp, Gary L.; Fisher, Eric M.; Lamothe, Paul J.

    2011-01-01

    This report presents data and describes the methods used to determine the physical attributes, as well as the chemical and mineralogical composition of surficial deposits; groundwater levels; and water composition in the area of Franklin Lake playa and Ash Meadows, California and Nevada. The results support studies that examine (1) the interaction between groundwater and the ground surface, and the transport of solutes through the unsaturated zone; (2) the potential for the accumulation of metals and metalloids in surface crusts; (3) emission of dust from metal-rich salt crust; and (4) the effects of metal-rich dusts on human and ecosystem health. The evaporation of shallow (travel as atmospheric dust and affect human and ecosystem health at local to regional scales.

  13. SEDIMENTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND DATING OF POSTBARREIRAS SEDIMENTS FROM REGION THE COASTLINE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiano Marcelo Pereira de Souza

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Aunque hay algunas obras de los años 80, poco se sabe sobre el origen y los mecanismos de los depósitos de sedimentos la formación Barreiras. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar los parámetros sedimentológico, morfología de los granos y la datación de sedimentos. Se recogieron muestras de sedimentos Pós-Barreiras y sedimentos de la playa, en el que se sometieron a la dispersión de arcilla y limo, utilizando NaOH 0,1 mol L-1 ; la fracción de arena se separó a intervalos de 1/2 phi [ ] y la morfología del grano se analizó por medio de microscopio óptico. Utilizó la datación de muestras por el método de luminiscencia óptica- mente estimulada. Los resultados indican que los sedimentos Pós-Barreiras fueron depositados en ambiente de alta energía, presumiblemente por el aumento de la contribución de los procesos marinos con posible reelaboración viento. Los sedimentos de la playa delanteros mostraron características eólicas. Las edades determinaron que la deposición de los sedimentos Pós-Barreiras fue a finales del Pleistoceno al Holoceno (de 6.9 a el 85,4 ka. La posición latitudinal de los sedimentos Pós-Barreiras (40 a 150 m no se puede asociar con cualquier aumento del nivel del mar conocido, posiblemente, la que aparece que procesos neotectónicos han promovido la elevación.

  14. Ecosistemas marino costeros: participación y sustentabilidad

    OpenAIRE

    Nicolás Cuvi

    2014-01-01

    Costas rocosas, estuarios y manglares. Puertos, barcos pesqueros, playas, olas. Escenarios donde la relación entre seres humanos y ambiente se singulariza por la presencia del mar.Donde emergen complejas entidades socioambientales, que se manifiestan a veces más, a veces menos, hacia medios de vida sustentables. Es lo que ilustran los tres artículos que componen este dossier.

  15. Marta maailm / Marta Vaarik

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Vaarik, Marta, 1987-

    2007-01-01

    Laulja Lenna Kuurmaa otsib kodu. ETV saatejuht Marko Reikop asutas oma firma "Darren" kontserdisarja "Armastatud superhitid läbi aegade" läbiviimiseks. Soome suusahüppaja ja meelelahutaja Matti Nykänen rokkis märtsikuus Gran Canarial pubis Playa del Inglesis Berry. Laulja Ivo Linna koos abikaasa Imbiga külastasid Prantsusmaad. Singlil "Suusapalavik" laulavad Koit Toome, Taisi Pettai ja telereporter Lembitu Kuuse

  16. Older driver fitness-to-drive evaluation using naturalistic driving data.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Feng; Fang, Youjia; Antin, Jonathan F

    2015-09-01

    As our driving population continues to age, it is becoming increasingly important to find a small set of easily administered fitness metrics that can meaningfully and reliably identify at-risk seniors requiring more in-depth evaluation of their driving skills and weaknesses. Sixty driver assessment metrics related to fitness-to-drive were examined for 20 seniors who were followed for a year using the naturalistic driving paradigm. Principal component analysis and negative binomial regression modeling approaches were used to develop parsimonious models relating the most highly predictive of the driver assessment metrics to the safety-related outcomes observed in the naturalistic driving data. This study provides important confirmation using naturalistic driving methods of the relationship between contrast sensitivity and crash-related events. The results of this study provide crucial information on the continuing journey to identify metrics and protocols that could be applied to determine seniors' fitness to drive. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  17. Automated driving safer and more efficient future driving

    CERN Document Server

    Horn, Martin

    2017-01-01

    The main topics of this book include advanced control, cognitive data processing, high performance computing, functional safety, and comprehensive validation. These topics are seen as technological bricks to drive forward automated driving. The current state of the art of automated vehicle research, development and innovation is given. The book also addresses industry-driven roadmaps for major new technology advances as well as collaborative European initiatives supporting the evolvement of automated driving. Various examples highlight the state of development of automated driving as well as the way forward. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers within engineering, graduate students, automotive engineers at OEMs and suppliers, ICT and software engineers, managers, and other decision-makers.

  18. Riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes de un consultorio médico del policlínico "Ana Betancourt" Cardiovascular risk found in patients from a doctor's office in "Ana Betancourt" polyclinics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Manuel Hernández Vázquez

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la capacidad predictiva del riesgo coronario es superior a la que se establece por la consideración aislada de los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares. Objetivo: determinar la magnitud del riesgo coronario y las prioridades de prevención cardiovascular en pacientes pertenecientes al consultorio médico de la familia No.5, del policlínico "Ana Betancourt", en el municipio Playa. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal realizada entre 2009-2010. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por las 856 personas mayores de 20 años perteneciente a dicho consultorio. Después de aplicados los criterios de selección, la muestra quedó conformada por 242 pacientes. Se utilizaron los criterios de las Tablas de Predicción del Riesgo Coronario de Framingham, que permiten estimar dicho riesgo a diez años, en las personas con factores de riesgo cardiovascular que aún no han tenido enfermedad coronaria establecida y que requieren intervenciones de cambio de su estilo de vida. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes en la categoría de riesgo coronario moderado, 97 (40,1 %, seguido por los de alto riesgo, 82 (33, 8 % y finalmente, los de bajo riesgo, 63 (26 %. Ninguno de los pacientes estudiados estaba exento de riesgo coronario. Conclusiones: es muy probable, que más de la mitad de la muestra sufra un episodio coronario, mortal o no, durante los próximos diez años. Es urgente aplicar una estrategia de intervención comunitaria, basada en la modificación de los factores de riesgo asociados al estilo de vida, que permita disminuir la actual expresión del riesgo coronario en la población estudiada.Introduction: the predictive capacity of the coronary risk is greater than the prediction set by the individual consideration of the cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: to determine the coronary risk and the cardiovascular prevention priorities in patients from the family doctor's office no.5 in "Ana Betancourt

  19. Pile Driving

    Science.gov (United States)

    1987-01-01

    Machine-oriented structural engineering firm TERA, Inc. is engaged in a project to evaluate the reliability of offshore pile driving prediction methods to eventually predict the best pile driving technique for each new offshore oil platform. Phase I Pile driving records of 48 offshore platforms including such information as blow counts, soil composition and pertinent construction details were digitized. In Phase II, pile driving records were statistically compared with current methods of prediction. Result was development of modular software, the CRIPS80 Software Design Analyzer System, that companies can use to evaluate other prediction procedures or other data bases.

  20. Driver headway choice : A comparison between driving simulator and real-road driving

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Risto, M.; Martens, M.H.

    2014-01-01

    Driving simulators have become an established tool in driver behaviour research by offering a controllable, safe and cost-effective alternative to real world driving. A challenge for using driving simulators as a research tool has been to elicit driving behaviour that equals real world driving. With

  1. Driver headway choice: a comparison between driving simulator and real-road driving

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Risto, Malte; Martens, Marieke Hendrikje

    2014-01-01

    Driving simulators have become an established tool in driver behaviour research by offering a controllable, safe and cost-effective alternative to real world driving. A challenge for using driving simulators as a research tool has been to elicit driving behaviour that equals real world driving. With

  2. Driving Safety and Fitness to Drive in Sleep Disorders.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tippin, Jon; Dyken, Mark Eric

    2017-08-01

    Driving an automobile while sleepy increases the risk of crash-related injury and death. Neurologists see patients with sleepiness due to obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and a wide variety of neurologic disorders. When addressing fitness to drive, the physician must weigh patient and societal health risks and regional legal mandates. The Driver Fitness Medical Guidelines published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) provide assistance to clinicians. Drivers with obstructive sleep apnea may continue to drive if they have no excessive daytime sleepiness and their apnea-hypopnea index is less than 20 per hour. Those with excessive daytime sleepiness or an apnea-hypopnea index of 20 per hour or more may not drive until their condition is effectively treated. Drivers with sleep disorders amenable to pharmaceutical treatment (eg, narcolepsy) may resume driving as long as the therapy has eliminated excessive daytime sleepiness. Following these guidelines, documenting compliance to recommended therapy, and using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess subjective sleepiness can be helpful in determining patients' fitness to drive.

  3. HARMONIC DRIVE SELECTION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Piotr FOLĘGA

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The variety of types and sizes currently in production harmonic drive is a problem in their rational choice. Properly selected harmonic drive must meet certain requirements during operation, and achieve the anticipated service life. The paper discusses the problems associated with the selection of the harmonic drive. It also presents the algorithm correct choice of harmonic drive. The main objective of this study was to develop a computer program that allows the correct choice of harmonic drive by developed algorithm.

  4. Edificio de apartamentos en la Playa del Inglés

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López Díaz, L.

    1978-11-01

    Full Text Available 432 apartments are distributed in the eight upper floors of this building, each including a bedroom, kitchen - dinning - living area, bath-room, laundry terrace and a small miscellaneous room near the entry vestibule. The public areas are located in an ample semi-basement and include a bar, a restaurant with kitchen area, night club, movie theater, shops, gymnasium with sauna bath, storage areas and a full range of facilities. The floorplan is Y-shaped to permit locating the vertical traffic core in its geometric hub, thus minimising the walking distance to each apartment. An interesting feature of the design is a pair of landscaped inner courtyards, one hexagonal in shape, surrounded by a ramp increasing the means for vertical movement of the public, and the other triangular, enclosed by the corridors leading to the apartments. The structural design is based on reinforced Steel construction and the façades are treated with prefab planters in a straight or a winding line enclosing respectively the galleries and the apartments terraces. The outside áreas include many and varied sports and recreational.

    En sus ocho plantas superiores se han distribuido 432 apartamentos compuestos de: dormitorio, cocina-comedor-estar, cuarto de baño, terraza con tendedero, y un pequeño trastero en el vestíbulo de entrada. Las dependencias comunes como: bar, restaurante, cocina, sala de fiestas, cine, locales comerciales, gimnasio con sauna, almacenes y toda una serie de instalaciones, se han ubicado en el amplio semisótano. Se ha aprovechado la conformación de la planta según una gran Y para situar el núcleo de comunicaciones verticales en su centro geométrico, lo que permite reducir al máximo los recorridos de acceso a cada apartamento. Nota interesante de la obra son los dos patios interiores ajardinados; uno hexagonal, circundado por una rampa que amplía el número de las comunicaciones verticales, y el otro triangular, limitado por las galerías abiertas que conducen a los apartamentos. La construcción se ha llevado a cabo mediante una estructura de hormigón armado, resolviéndose las fachadas con jardineras prefabricadas que, según líneas rectas o sinusoidales, cierran galerías y terrazas, respectivamente. En las superficies exteriores se ha dispuesto un variado número de instalaciones deportivas y recreativas, así como un extenso espacio de aparcamiento.

  5. Control rod drives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Futatsugi, Masao.

    1980-01-01

    Purpose: To secure the reactor operation safety by the provision of a fluid pressure detecting section for control rod driving fluid and a control rod interlock at the midway of the flow pass for supplying driving fluid to the control rod drives. Constitution: Between a driving line and a direction control valve are provided a pressure detecting portion, an alarm generating device, and a control rod inhibition interlock. The driving fluid from a driving fluid source is discharged by way of a pump and a manual valve into the reactor in which the control rods and reactor fuels are contained. In addition, when the direction control valve is switched and the control rods are inserted and extracted by the control rod drives, the pressure in the driving line is always detected by the pressure detection section, whereby if abnormal pressure is resulted, the alarm generating device is actuated to warn the abnormality and the control rod inhibition interlock is actuated to lock the direction control valve thereby secure the safety operation of the reactor. (Seki, T.)

  6. Exploration, antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of halophilic bacteria communities from saline soils of Howze-Soltan playa in Iran.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jafari, Samaneh; Aghaei, Seyed-Soheil; Afifi-Sabet, Hossein; Shams-Ghahfarokhi, Masoomeh; Jahanshiri, Zahra; Gholami-Shabani, Mohammadhassan; Shafiei-Darabi, Seyedahmad; Razzaghi-Abyaneh, Mehdi

    2018-01-01

    In the present study, halophilic bacteria communities were explored in saline soils of Howze-Soltan playa in Iran with special attention to their biological activity against an aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999. Halophilic bacteria were isolated from a total of 20 saline soils using specific culture media and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing in neighbor-joining tree analysis. Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of the bacteria were screened by a nor-mutant A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 using visual agar plate assay and confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Among a total of 177 halophilic bacteria belonging to 11 genera, 121 isolates (68.3%) inhibited A. parasiticus growth and/or aflatoxin production. The most potent inhibitory bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Staphylococcus were distributed in three main phylogenetic clusters as evidenced by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. A. parasiticus growth was inhibited by 0.7-92.7%, while AFB 1 and AFG 1 productions were suppressed by 15.1-98.9 and 57.0-99.6%, respectively. Taken together, halophilic bacteria identified in this study may be considered as potential sources of novel bioactive metabolites as well as promising candidates to develop new biocontrol agents for managing toxigenic fungi growth and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of food and feed in practice.

  7. Electric motor drive unit, especially adjustment drive for vehicles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Litterst, P

    1980-05-29

    An electric motor drive unit, particularly an adjustment drive for vehicles with at least two parallel drive shafts is described, which is compact and saves space, and whose manufacturing costs are low compared with those of well-known drive units of this type. The drive unit contains a suitable number of magnet systems, preferably permanent magnet systems, whose pole axes are spaced and run parallel. The two pole magnet systems have diametrically opposite shell-shaped segments, to which the poles are fixed. In at least one magnet system the two segments are connected by diametrically opposite flat walls parallel to the pole axes to form a single magnetic circuit pole housing. The segments of at least one other magnet system are arranged on this pole housing so that one of these flat walls is a magnetically conducting, connecting component of the magnetic circuit of the other magnet system.

  8. Investigation into avian mortality in the Playa Lakes region of southeastern New Mexico: Final Report - June 1997

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dein, F. Joshua; Baeten, Laurie A.; Moore, Melody K.; Samuel, Michael D.; Miller, Paul D.; Murphy, Christopher; Sissler, Steven; Jeske, Clinton W.; Jehl, Joseph R.; Yaeger, J. S.; Bauer, B.; Mahoney, Shiela A.

    1997-01-01

    This Final Report is a review of work on a cooperative study undertaken by the USGS Biological Resources Division's National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) and National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC; formerly the Southern Science Center) from 1994 through 1997. The study was initiated at the request of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), through a request to the former National Biological Service. The Southeastern New Mexico Playa Lakes Coordinating Committee (SENMPLCC) played an important role in outlining the research needs. The initial Study Plan document, which outlines the background, objectives and methods for the first two years is available as Appendix 1. A letter indicating modifications to the Study Plan was sent to the SENMPLCC chair on April 25,1995, and is Appendix 2. An Interim Report, covering this work was completed and submitted in September 1995. The Literature Review section of the study was completed and presented to SENMPLCC in August, 1995. Following SENMPLCC review, NWHC was asked to develop a series of questions that could be posed from information gained in the initial phase (Appendix 3). The NWHC and NWRC were then directed to begin work to answer the top three questions, within the available fiscal resources. NWRC could continue with work outlined under the original Study Plan (Appendix 1), however an additional Study Plan for experiments performed by NWHC and collaborators and is available as Appendix 4.

  9. Drivers’ Age, Gender, Driving Experience, and Aggressiveness as Predictors of Aggressive Driving Behaviour

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Perepjolkina Viktorija

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Recent years have seen a growing interest in the problem of aggressive driving. In the presentstudy two demographic variables (gender and age, two non-psychological driving-experiencerelated variables (annual mileage and legal driving experience in years and aggressiveness asa personality trait (including behavioural and affective components as psychological variableof individual differences were examined as potential predictors of aggressive driving. The aimof the study was to find out the best predictors of aggressive driving behaviour. The study wasbased on an online survey, and 228 vehicle drivers in Latvia participated in it. The questionnaireincluded eight-item Aggressive Driving Scale (Bone & Mowen, 2006, short Latvian versionof the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; Buss & Perry, 1992, and questions gainingdemographic and driving experience information. Gender, age and annual mileage predictedaggressive driving: being male, young and with higher annual driving exposure were associatedwith higher scores on aggressive driving. Dispositional aggressiveness due to anger componentwas a significant predictor of aggressive diving score. Physical aggression and hostility wereunrelated to aggressive driving. Altogether, the predictors explained a total of 28% of thevariance in aggressive driving behaviour. Findings show that dispositional aggressiveness,especially the anger component, as well as male gender, young age and higher annual mileagehas a predictive validity in relation to aggressive driving. There is a need to extend the scope ofpotential dispositional predictors pertinent to driving aggression.

  10. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, on Civil Works Activities 1961. Volume 1

    Science.gov (United States)

    1961-01-01

    dollars) Classification Total Active De - Ink Total Active De - In- ferred active ferred active Navigation..------------------ 2,604 2,450 42 112 6,138...Sioux City, Iowa.... New York and New Jersey Channels, N.Y. and N.J.. Pike Island Locks and Dam, Ohio River, W. Va..... Playa Del Rey Inlet and Harbor...Jun 61 -1965 Do. Hall Meadow Brook, Conn __ . ___------- - Oct 60 1962 Reservoir. Hunt and Lima Lake Drainage District, Illinois

  11. Ecosistemas marino costeros: participación y sustentabilidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicolás Cuvi

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Costas rocosas, estuarios y manglares. Puertos, barcos pesqueros, playas, olas. Escenarios donde la relación entre seres humanos y ambiente se singulariza por la presencia del mar.Donde emergen complejas entidades socioambientales, que se manifiestan a veces más, a veces menos, hacia medios de vida sustentables. Es lo que ilustran los tres artículos que componen este dossier.

  12. Educational Biofeedback Driving Simulator as a Drink-Driving Prevention Strategy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Howat, Peter; And Others

    1991-01-01

    Used experimental driving simulator as basis for strategy to encourage a reduction in drunk driving prevalence using adult male subjects (n=36) who participated in a study group and controls (n=36). Results indicated study group subjects significantly decreased their drunk driving compared to the control group. (ABL)

  13. Do aggressive driving and negative emotional driving mediate the link between impulsiveness and risky driving among young Italian drivers?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smorti, Martina; Guarnieri, Silvia

    2016-01-01

    The present study examined the contribution of impulsiveness and aggressive and negative emotional driving to the prediction of traffic violations and accidents taking into account potential mediation effects. Three hundred and four young drivers completed self-report measures assessing impulsiveness, aggressive and negative emotional driving, driving violations, and accidents. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of impulsiveness on violations and accidents among young drivers through aggressive and negative emotional driving. Impulsiveness only indirectly influenced drivers' violations on the road via both the behavioral and emotional states of the driver. On the contrary, impulsiveness was neither directly nor indirectly associated with traffic accidents. Therefore, impulsiveness modulates young drivers' behavioral and emotional states while driving, which in turn influences risky driving.

  14. La revitalización del Centro Histórico de Santo Domingo: estudio y análisis de las leyes y políticas públicas del patrimonio histórico y cultural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grace Mateo Rosario

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available La República Dominicana actualmente representa un gran atractivo turístico en el Caribe. El país es conocido por poseer bellas playas y reservas naturales, clima tropical agradable y numerosos lugares de interés histórico, ecológico y cultural. El área de estudio que tiene la identidad y herencia cultural en su máxima expresión, se encuentra localizada en el Centro Histórico de Santo Domingo, una ciudad que tiene una combinación de viviendas y edificaciones históricas de los primeros asentamientos Europeos, la cual fue declarada por la UNESCO como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. La característica de ser patrimonio de la humanidad fue construida por medio de prácticas de patrimonialización (conservación, valorización y restauración con foco principal en la promoción y gestión de actividades comercial-turístico-educativo. Teniendo en cuenta ese potencial y sus problemas de orden social, político y económico, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo central de identificar y analizar las leyes y políticas públicas de intervención y su respectiva protección de los bienes culturales, patrimonializados por las acciones administrativas del Estado, y su representación espectacular. El estudio y análisis de esas leyes necesita de un enfoque interdisciplinar y pretende ser un útil aporte para el tema complejo de la evaluación de las leyes y políticas públicas patrimoniales. Investigar y debatir teóricamente esos datos nos permite componer un conjunto de resultados críticos acerca de la actualización de las leyes patrimoniales del país.

  15. La revitalización del Centro Histórico de Santo Domingo: estudio y análisis de las leyes y políticas públicas del patrimonio histórico y cultural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grace Mateo Rosario

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available La República Dominicana actualmente representa un gran atractivo turístico en el Caribe. El país es conocido por poseer bellas playas y reservas naturales, clima tropical agradable y numerosos lugares de interés histórico, ecológico y cultural. El área de estudio que tiene la identidad y herencia cultural en su máxima expresión, se encuentra localizada en el Centro Histórico de Santo Domingo, una ciudad que tiene una combinación de viviendas y edificaciones históricas de los primeros asentamientos Europeos, la cual fue declarada por la UNESCO como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. La característica de ser patrimonio de la humanidad fue construida por medio de prácticas de patrimonialización (conservación, valorización y restauración con foco principal en la promoción y gestión de actividades comercial-turístico-educativo. Teniendo en cuenta ese potencial y sus problemas de orden social, político y económico el presente artículo tiene por objetivo central, identificar y analizar las leyes y políticas públicas de intervención y su respectiva protección de los bienes culturales, patrimonializados por las acciones administrativas del Estado, y su representación espectacular. El estudio y análisis de esas leyes necesita de un enfoque interdisciplinar y pretende ser un útil aporte para el tema complejo de la evaluación de las leyes y políticas públicas patrimoniales. Investigar y debatir teóricamente esos datos nos permite componer un conjunto de resultados críticos acerca de la actualización de las leyes patrimoniales del país.

  16. Desarrollo metodológico para la caracterización morfodinámica de playas mediante el empleo de técnicas eléctricas : aplicación en la Rías Baixas gallegas

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Gómez, Ángela

    2014-01-01

    Las playas son ambientes de alto valor ambiental sin olvidar que una de sus funciones, es la protección de la costa frente a fenómenos costeros y que cada vez son más frecuentes e intensos. Son ambientes complejos debido a los grandes cambios morfodinámicos que ocurren en ellos, y el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías para su estudio es de gran interés a nivel mundial. Nuestra primera aportación, consistió en analizar el grado de modificación de las Rías Baixas gallegas identifi...

  17. Peces del Noroeste del Ecuador

    OpenAIRE

    Barriga, Ramiro

    1994-01-01

    La ictiofauna del occidente del Ecuador es poco conocida. Los peces del noroccidente son diferentes a los del suroccidente del Ecuador. 34 familias y 82 especies fueron colectadas que equivale al 11 % de las especies de peces continentales registradas en el Ecuador. Icteogeográficamente se sabe que la costa ecuatoriana posee dos provincias: la del Pacifico Norte y la del Guayas, se determinó que el límite de las dos provincias es el río Santiago ya que las especies del mencionado río so...

  18. Gear bearing drive

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mavroidis, Constantinos (Inventor); Vranish, John M. (Inventor); Weinberg, Brian (Inventor)

    2011-01-01

    A gear bearing drive provides a compact mechanism that operates as an actuator providing torque and as a joint providing support. The drive includes a gear arrangement integrating an external rotor DC motor within a sun gear. Locking surfaces maintain the components of the drive in alignment and provide support for axial loads and moments. The gear bearing drive has a variety of applications, including as a joint in robotic arms and prosthetic limbs.

  19. Lepidochitona bullocki, una nueva especie de quitón (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae del Caribe colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cedar I. García-Ríos

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available El género Lepidochitona (Gray 1821 se encuentra representado en el Caribe por tres especies: L. liozonis (Dall & Simpson 1901, L. rosea (Kaas 1972 y L. rufoi. Veinte ejemplares de L. bullocki sp. nov. Fueron recolectados en un recorrido a lo largo del litoral rocoso, entre el norte de la playa del Rodadero y Puerto Luz, en Santa Marta, Colombia. Los ejemplares son pequeños, hasta 7.3mm, fueron recolectados a mano, entre 0.25 y 1.5m de profundidad, a distancias entre 1 y 5m de la orilla. Esta es la cuarta especie del género que se describe para el Caribe. Las tres especies previamente descritas son L. liozonis (Dall & Simpson, 1901, L. rosea Kaas, 1972 y L. rufoi García-Ríos, 2010. L. bullocki se diferencia de L. liozonis y L. rosea por tener la superficie del tegumento irregular y de otros colores. La misma se distingue de L. rufoi por tener muchas espículas hialinas largas, mayor tamaño, dientes centrales de la rádula anchos. Es la única especie del género en el Caribe que se localiza con mayor frecuencia en la superficie iluminada de las rocas, en el sublitoral somero.Lepidochitona bullocki, a new species of chiton (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae from the Colombian Caribbean. The genus Lepidochitona is one of the most diverse in the Southern Caribbean. In order to describe this new species, twenty specimens of L. bullocki sp. nov. were collected by hand on the rocky coast, from 0.25 to 1.5m depth, and a shore distance of 1 to 5m, between the Northern section of Rodadero beach and Puerto Luz, in Santa Marta, Colombia. The specimens were small, with maximum observed size of 7.3mm. This is the fourth species of the genus Lepidochitona described for the Caribbean. The previously known species were L. liozonis (Dall & Simpson 1901, L. rosea (Kaas 1972 and L. rufoi (García-Ríos 2010. L. bullocki differs from L. liozonis and L. rosea in having a rough tegmentum and color. It differs from L. rufoi in having longer and numerous hyaline

  20. Hostility, driving anger, and dangerous driving: the emerging role of hemispheric preference.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gidron, Yori; Gaygısız, Esma; Lajunen, Timo

    2014-12-01

    Various studies have implicated psychosocial variables (e.g., hostility) in risk of dangerous driving and traffic accidents. However, whether these variables are related to more basic neurobiological factors, and whether such associations have implications for the modification of psychosocial risk factors in the context of driving, have not been examined in depth. This study examined the relationship between hemispheric preference (HP), hostility and self-reported dangerous driving, and the ability to affect driving anger via hemisphere activating cognitive exercises (HACE). In Study 1, 254 Turkish students completed questionnaires of hostility, HP and driving behavior. In Study 2, we conducted a "proof of concept" experimental study, and tested effects of left, right and neutral HACE on driving anger, by exposing N=650 Turkish students to written scenarios including either logical (left hemisphere), visuo-spatial (right hemisphere) or "mild doses" of both types of contents (control). In Study 1, left-HP was associated with higher hostility and with more dangerous driving, and hostility mediated the relationship between L-HP and reported driving behavior. In Study 2, only right-HACE led to immediate significant reductions in self-reported driving anger. Left-HP is related to hostility and to dangerous driving, and it may be possible to partly reduce driving anger by right-HACE. Future studies must replicate these findings with objective measures, more enduring interventions and longer follow-ups. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  1. Assessment of driving-related performance in chronic whiplash using an advanced driving simulator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takasaki, Hiroshi; Treleaven, Julia; Johnston, Venerina; Rakotonirainy, Andry; Haines, Andrew; Jull, Gwendolen

    2013-11-01

    Driving is often nominated as problematic by individuals with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD), yet driving-related performance has not been evaluated objectively. The purpose of this study was to test driving-related performance in persons with chronic WAD against healthy controls of similar age, gender and driving experience to determine if driving-related performance in the WAD group was sufficiently impaired to recommend fitness to drive assessment. Driving-related performance was assessed using an advanced driving simulator during three driving scenarios; freeway, residential and a central business district (CBD). Total driving duration was approximately 15min. Five driving tasks which could cause a collision (critical events) were included in the scenarios. In addition, the effect of divided attention (identify red dots projected onto side or rear view mirrors) was assessed three times in each scenario. Driving performance was measured using the simulator performance index (SPI) which is calculated from 12 measures. z-Scores for all SPI measures were calculated for each WAD subject based on mean values of the control subjects. The z-scores were then averaged for the WAD group. A z-score of ≤-2 indicated a driving failing grade in the simulator. The number of collisions over the five critical events was compared between the WAD and control groups as was reaction time and missed response ratio in identifying the red dots. Seventeen WAD and 26 control subjects commenced the driving assessment. Demographic data were comparable between the groups. All subjects completed the freeway scenario but four withdrew during the residential and eight during the CBD scenario because of motion sickness. All scenarios were completed by 14 WAD and 17 control subjects. Mean z-scores for the SPI over the three scenarios was statistically lower in the WAD group (-0.3±0.3; Pdriving. There were no differences in the reaction time and missed response ratio in divided

  2. Los moluscos de la ofrenda 107 del Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlan The mollusks of the offering 107 of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norma Valentín-Maldonado

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es dar a conocer la identificación biológica de las especies de moluscos encontradas en la ofrenda 107, que fue depositada en la séptima etapa constructiva del Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlan (1502-1521. La identificación se realizó por medio de la bibliografía especializada, y en el caso de algunos ejemplares por comparación directa con los de la colección malacológica de referencia del Laboratorio M. en C. Ticul Álvarez Solórzano. Se identificaron 246 ejemplares de moluscos marinos; 191 pertenecen a la clase Gastropoda (78% y 55 a la Bivalvia (22%. El número más frecuente de especies proviene de la provincia caribeña, siendo su hábitat principal las playas arenosas y las costas rocosas. Los desgastes y fracturas observadas en la mayoría de los esqueletos calcáreos de animales ya muertos, indican que fueron recolectados en las playas; por otro lado, el buen estado de preservación de algunos de ellos sugiere que se capturaron vivos, y en ciertos casos mediante buceo. A través de este estudio ha sido posible obtener datos, como la procedencia, el hábitat, la coloración natural y la selectividad de las diferentes especies identificadas, los cuales contribuyen al conocimiento de aspectos económicos e ideológicos de la cultura mexica.The purpose of this work is to report the identifications of the species of mollusks found in offering 107, which was buried in the seventh stage of the construction of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan (1502-1521. This was done by direct comparison with specimens in the malacological reference collection of the Ticul Álvarez Solorzano Laboratory and the literature. The 246 marine individuals belonging to two classes were identified; 191 belonging to the Gastropoda (78% and 55 to the Bivalvia (22%. The largest number of species came from the Caribbean Province, with species from sandy beaches and rocky coasts being most common. The abrasions and fractures observed in

  3. Test-retest reliability of the driving habits questionnaire in older self-driving adults.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Chiang-Soon; Chun, Byung-Yoon; Chung, Hyun-Sook

    2015-11-01

    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the Driving Habits Questionnaire in community-dwelling older self-drivers. [Subjects and Methods] Seventy-four participants were recruited by convenience sampling from local rehabilitation centers. This was a cross-sectional study design that used two clinical measures: the Driving Habits Questionnaire and Mini-mental State Examination. To examine the test-retest reliability of the Driving Habits Questionnaire, the clinical tool was measured twice, five days apart. [Results] The Driving Habits Questionnaire showed good reliability for older community-dwelling self-drivers. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the four domains of dependence (0.572), difficulty (0.871), crashes and citations (0.689), and driving space (0.961) of the Driving Habits Questionnaire indicated good or high internal consistency. Driving difficulty correlated significantly with self-reported crashes and citations and driving space. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that the Driving Habits Questionnaire is a reliable measure of self-reported interview-based driving behavior in the community-dwelling elderly.

  4. Safe driving for teens

    Science.gov (United States)

    Driving and teenagers; Teens and safe driving; Automobile safety - teenage drivers ... months before taking friends as passengers. Teenage-related driving deaths occur more often in certain conditions. OTHER SAFETY TIPS FOR TEENS Reckless driving is still a ...

  5. Distracted Driving

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... and increased awareness of distracted driving using radio advertisements, news stories, and similar media. After the projects ... available at www.trafficsafetymarketing.gov . Distracted Driving Enforcement – TV Ads (Paid). For re-tagging, go to: www. ...

  6. Beach erosion and nest site selection by the leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae and implications for management practices at Playa Gandoca, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matthew J Spanier

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea nest on dynamic, erosion-prone beaches. Erosive processes and resulting nest loss have long been presumed to be a hindrance to clutch survival. In order to better understand how leatherbacks cope with unstable nesting beaches, I investigated the role of beach erosion in leatherback nest site selection at Playa Gandoca, Costa Rica. I also examined the potential effect of nest relocation, a conservation strategy in place at Playa Gandoca to prevent nest loss to erosion, on the temperature of incubating clutches. I monitored changes in beach structure as a result of erosion at natural nest sites during the time the nest was laid, as well as in subsequent weeks. To investigate slope as a cue for nest site selection, I measured the slope of the beach where turtles ascended from the sea to nest, as well as the slopes at other random locations on the beach for comparison. I examined temperature differences between natural and relocated nest sites with thermocouples placed in the sand at depths typical of leatherback nests. Nests were distributed non-randomly in a clumped distribution along the length of the beach and laid at locations that were not undergoing erosion. The slope at nest sites was significantly different than at randomly chosen locations on the beach. The sand temperature at nest depths was significantly warmer at natural nest sites than at locations of relocated nests. The findings of this study suggest leatherbacks actively select nest sites that are not undergoing erosive processes, with slope potentially being used as a cue for site selection. The relocation of nests appears to be inadvertently cooling the nest environment. Due to the fact that leatherback clutches undergo temperaturedependent sex determination, the relocation of nests may be producing an unnatural male biasing of hatchlings. The results of this study suggest that the necessity of relocation practices, largely in place to

  7. A study on the effects of fatigue driving and drunk driving on drivers' physical characteristics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xingjian; Zhao, Xiaohua; Du, Hongji; Rong, Jian

    2014-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of fatigue driving and drunk driving on drivers' physical characteristics; to analyze the differences in drivers' physical characteristics affected by different kinds of fatigue; and to compare the differences in the effects of the 2 driving states, fatigue driving and drunk driving. Twenty-five participants' physical characteristics were collected under 5 controlled situations: normal, tired driving, drowsy driving, drowsiness + tired driving, and drunk driving. In this article, fatigue driving refers to tiredness and drowsiness and includes 3 situations: tired driving, drowsy driving, and drowsiness + tired driving. The drivers' physical characteristics were measured in terms of 9 parameters: systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), eyesight, dynamic visual acuity (DVA), time for dark adaption (TDA), reaction time to sound (RTS), reaction time to light (RTL), deviation of depth perception (DDP), and time deviation of speed anticipation (TDSA). They were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Binary logistical regression analysis was used to explain the relationship between drivers' physical characteristics and the two driving states. Most of the drivers' physical characteristic parameters were found to be significantly different under the influence of different situations. Four indicators are significantly affected by fatigue driving during deep fatigue (in decreasing order of influence): HR, RTL, SBP and RTS. HR and RTL are significant in the logistical regression model of the drowsiness + tired driving situation and normal situations. Six indicators of the drivers' physical characteristics are significantly affected by drunk driving (in decreasing order of influence): SBP, RTL, DDP, eyesight, RTS, and TDSA. SBP and DDP have a significant effect in the logistical regression model of the drunk driving situation and the normal situation. Both fatigue driving and drunk driving

  8. Technical procedures for water resources, Deaf Smith County site, Texas: Volume 2: Environmental Field Program: Final draft

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1987-08-01

    This volume contains the following Technical Procedures pursuant to the Water Resources Site Study Plan operation of a Playa Lake conductivity monitoring station and processing of data from a Playa Lake conductivity monitoring station. This procedure defines steps and methods for the installation, operation, and maintenance of the Playa Lake conductivity monitoring stations. Conductivity measurements will be taken at six playa lakes in the site study area to record changes in total dissolved solids as a function of stage. Playa lake conductivity and stage (volume) measurements will be used, in conjunction with other water quality data collected at the Playa Lake and precipitation stations, to determine the mass of dissolved solids entering and leaving the playas. This baseline information on the pollutant mass balance of the playas will be used to assess potential changes in playa lake water quality and the magnitude of those changes due to site development. The pollutant mass balances will also be used on determining the source of pollutants. 2 refs., 5 figs

  9. Chinese carless young drivers' self-reported driving behavior and simulated driving performance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Qian; Jiang, Zuhua; Zheng, Dongpeng; Man, Dong; Xu, Xunnan

    2013-01-01

    Carless young drivers refers to those drivers aged between 18 and 25 years who have a driver's license but seldom have opportunities to practice their driving skills because they do not have their own cars. Due to China's lower private car ownership, many young drivers become carless young drivers after licensure, and the safety issue associated with them has raised great concern in China. This study aims to provide initial insight into the self-reported driving behaviors and simulated driving performance of Chinese carless young drivers. Thirty-three carless young drivers and 32 young drivers with their own cars (as a comparison group) participated in this study. A modified Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) with a 4-factor structure (errors, violations, attention lapses, and memory lapses) was used to study carless young drivers' self-reported driving behaviors. A simulated driving experiment using a low-cost, fixed-base driving simulator was conducted to measure their simulated driving performance (errors, violations, attention lapses, driving maintenance, reaction time, and accidents). Self-reported DBQ outcomes showed that carless young drivers reported similar errors, more attention lapses, fewer memory lapses, and significantly fewer violation behaviors relative to young drivers with their own cars, whereas simulated driving results revealed that they committed significantly more errors, attention lapses, and violation behaviors than the comparison group. Carless young drivers had a lower ability to maintain the stability of speed and lane position, drove more cautiously approaching and passing through red traffic lights, and committed more accidents during simulated driving. A tendency to speed was not found among carless young drivers; their average speed and speeding frequency were all much lower than that of the comparison group. Lifetime mileage was the only significant predictor of carless young drivers' self-reported violations, simulated violations

  10. Bacterial and Archaeal Lipids Recovered from Subsurface Evaporites of Dalangtan Playa on the Tibetan Plateau and Their Astrobiological Implications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheng, Ziye; Xiao, Long; Wang, Hongmei; Yang, Huan; Li, Jingjing; Huang, Ting; Xu, Yi; Ma, Nina

    2017-11-01

    Qaidam Basin (Tibetan Plateau) is considered an applicable analogue to Mars with regard to sustained extreme aridity and abundant evaporites. To investigate the possibility of the preservation of microbial lipids under these Mars analog conditions, we conducted a mineralogical and organic geochemistry study on samples collected from two Quaternary sections in Dalangtan Playa, northwestern Qaidam Basin, which will enhance our understanding of the potential preservation of molecular biomarkers on Mars. Two sedimentary units were identified along two profiles: one salt unit characterized by a predominance of gypsum and halite, and one detrital unit with a decrease of gypsum and halite and enrichment in siliciclastic minerals. Bacterial fatty acids and archaeal acyclic diether and tetraether membrane lipids were detected, and they varied throughout the sections in concentration and abundance. Bacterial and archaeal biomolecules indicate a dominance of Gram-positive bacteria and halophilic archaea in this hypersaline ecosystem that is similar to those in other hypersaline environments. Furthermore, the abundance of bacterial lipids decreases with the increase of salinity, whereas archaeal lipids showed a reverse trend. The detection of microbial lipids in hypersaline environments would indicate, for example on Mars, a high potential for the detection of microbial biomarkers in evaporites over geological timescales.

  11. Distracted driving

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... including maps) The Dangers of Talking on the Phone While Driving You are four times more likely to get ... of reach. If you are caught using a phone while driving, you may risk a ticket or fine. Most ...

  12. Control rod drives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakamura, Akira.

    1984-01-01

    Purpose: To enable to monitor the coupling state between a control rod and a control rod drive. Constitution: After the completion of a control rod withdrawal, a coolant pressure is applied to a control rod drive being adjusted so as to raise only the control rod drive and, in a case where the coupling between the control rod drive and the control rod is detached, the former is elevated till it contacts the control rod and then stopped. The actual stopping position is detected by an actual position detection circuit and compared with a predetermined position stored in a predetermined position detection circuit. If both of the positions are not aligned with each other, it is judged by a judging circuit that the control rod and the control rod drives are not combined. (Sekiya, K.)

  13. Proactive vs. reactive car driving: EEG evidence for different driving strategies of older drivers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wascher, Edmund; Getzmann, Stephan

    2018-01-01

    Aging is associated with a large heterogeneity in the extent of age-related changes in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. All these functions can influence the performance in complex tasks like car driving. The present study aims to identify potential differences in underlying cognitive processes that may explain inter-individual variability in driving performance. Younger and older participants performed a one-hour monotonous driving task in a driving simulator under varying crosswind conditions, while behavioral and electrophysiological data were recorded. Overall, younger and older drivers showed comparable driving performance (lane keeping). However, there was a large difference in driving lane variability within the older group. Dividing the older group in two subgroups with low vs. high driving lane variability revealed differences between the two groups in electrophysiological correlates of mental workload, consumption of mental resources, and activation and sustaining of attention: Older drivers with high driving lane variability showed higher frontal Alpha and Theta activity than older drivers with low driving lane variability and—with increasing crosswind—a more pronounced decrease in Beta activity. These results suggest differences in driving strategies of older and younger drivers, with the older drivers using either a rather proactive and alert driving strategy (indicated by low driving lane variability and lower Alpha and Beta activity), or a rather reactive strategy (indicated by high driving lane variability and higher Alpha activity). PMID:29352314

  14. Simple Driving Techniques

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rosendahl, Mads

    2002-01-01

    -like language. Our aim is to extract a simple notion of driving and show that even in this tamed form it has much of the power of more general notions of driving. Our driving technique may be used to simplify functional programs which use function composition and will often be able to remove intermediate data...

  15. Relative growth and sexual dimorphism of Austinixa aidae (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae: a symbiont of the ghost shrimp Callichirus major from the southwestern Atlantic Crecimiento relativo y dimorfismo sexual en Austinixa aidae (Barchyura: Pinnotheridae: un simbionte del camarón fantasma Callichirus major del Atlántico sudoccidental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Douglas Fernando Peiró

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Species of the family Pinnotheridae constitute an ideal group for morphometric studies due to their complex morphological adaptations. These adaptations respond to the selective pressure of a symbiotic life style. This study describes the relative growth and morphometric features of the symbiotic pea crab Austinixa aidae (associated with the ghost shrimp Callichirus major, from the sandy beaches in the southwest Atlantic, Brazil. Significant differences were detected in the biometric proportions, particularly the chelar propodus length and carapace width, of each sex. These dimensions were also related to the size at which the individuals reached morphological sexual maturity (5.1 mm of carapace width for both sexes. Males and females were 2.4 times wider than long, which corresponds to the principal adaptation developed by Austinixa species to live in cryptic environments. Moreover, juveniles were proportionally more rounded. The changes in the biometric proportions of carapace length and width of A. aidae were more pronounced in males and females, adaptations that facilitate roaming within the galleries of their hosts.Las especies de la familia Pinnotheridae constituyen un grupo ideal para la realización de estudios morfométricos, debido a sus complejas adaptaciones morfológicas. Estas adaptaciones son respuesta a la presión de selección debida a su vida simbionte. En este estudio se describió el crecimiento relativo y las características morfométricas del cangrejo simbionte Austinixa aidae (asociado con el camarón fantasma Callichirus major, de una playa de arena del Atlántico suroeste de Brasil. Se determinaron diferencias significativas en las proporciones biométricas de cada sexo, entre la longitud del propodio y ancho del caparazón. Estas dimensiones estuvieron relacionadas también con la talla en que los individuos muestran cambios morfológicos en su madurez sexual (5.1 mm de ancho del caparazón en ambos sexos. Los machos

  16. Driving and dementia: Efficient approach to driving safety concerns in family practice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Linda; Molnar, Frank

    2017-01-01

    To provide primary care physicians with an approach to driving safety concerns when older persons present with memory difficulties. The approach is based on an accredited memory clinic training program developed by the Centre for Family Medicine Primary Care Collaborative Memory Clinic. One of the most challenging aspects of dementia care is the assessment of driving safety. Drivers with dementia are at higher risk of motor vehicle collisions, yet many drivers with mild dementia might be safely able to continue driving for several years. Because safe driving is dependent on multiple cognitive and functional skills, clinicians should carefully consider many factors when determining if cognitive concerns affect driving safety. Specific findings on corroborated history and office-based cognitive testing might aid in the physician's decisions to refer for comprehensive on-road driving evaluation and whether to notify transportation authorities in accordance with provincial reporting requirements. Sensitive communication and a person-centred approach are essential. Primary care physicians must consider many factors when determining if cognitive concerns might affect driving safety in older drivers. Copyright© the College of Family Physicians of Canada.

  17. The relationship between impaired driving crashes and beliefs about impaired driving: do residents in high crash rate counties have greater concerns about impaired driving?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beck, Kenneth H; Yan, Alice F; Wang, Min Qi; Kerns, Timothy J; Burch, Cynthia A

    2009-04-01

    The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between impaired driving crashes and public beliefs and concerns about impaired driving across each of Maryland's twenty-four counties (including Baltimore City). It was hypothesized that residents of counties that experience higher impaired driving crashes would express more concerns about impaired driving and perceive more risks about driving impaired than residents of counties that have lower rates of impaired driving. Data for alcohol impaired driving crashes were obtained for the years 2004-2006. These data were compared to public opinion data that was obtained annually by random-digit-dial telephone surveys from 2004 to 2007. Concerns about drunk driving as well as perceptions of the likelihood of being stopped by the police if one were to drive after having too much to drink were related to counties with higher serious impaired driving crash rates, as were perceptions that the police and the legal system were too lenient. Perceptions about the likelihood of being stopped by the police were higher in those counties with more impaired driving enforcement activity. Perceptions of concern appear to be shaped more by crash exposure than enforcement activity. Campaigns that address impaired driving prevention should substantially increase enforcement, strengthen the adjudication process of impaired drivers, and emphasize the potential seriousness of drinking-driving crashes in their promotional activities.

  18. Nuclear refueling platform drive system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Busch, F.R.; Faulstich, D.L.

    1992-01-01

    This patent describes a drive system. It comprises: a gantry including a bridge having longitudinal and transverse axes and supported by spaced first and second end frames joined to fist and second end frames joined to first and second drive trucks for moving the bridge along the transverse axis; first means for driving the first drive truck; second means for driving the second drive truck being independent from the first driving means; and means for controlling the first and second driving means for reducing differential transverse travel between the first and second drive trucks, due to a skewing torque acting on the bridge, to less than a predetermined maximum, the controlling means being in the form of an electrical central processing unit and including: a closed-loop first velocity control means for controlling velocity of the first drive truck by providing a first command signal to the first driver means; a close loop second velocity control means for controlling velocity of the second drive truck by providing a second command signal to the second driving means; and an auxiliary closed-loop travel control means

  19. “Silencio”: hearing loss in David Lynch's Mulholland Drive

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Allister Mactaggart

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available In a filmmaking career replete with extraordinary images and sounds, David Lynch's Mulholland Drive (2001 stands out for attention as a striking and seemingly inexhaustible resource for analysis. In this article, this film is used to examine the specific ways in which Lynch uses pre-existing pop songs to wrap the spectator within the filmic soundscape. Nowhere is the complexity and uncanniness of pop music made more explicit than in Rebekah Del Rio's stunning performance of “Llorando (Crying” in the Club Silencio scene. The split between the singer's powerful performance and her subsequent collapse with the sound of the voice left hanging in the air marks a pivotal point in the film. This scene, coupled with other examples of feminine jouissance, is contrasted with the deadening roar of the master's voice, which solely demands obedience but is deaf to any reply. At the core of this article is an analysis of the status of the voice (and the gaze as examples of the Lacanian object a and its relationship to Marx's concept of surplus value. Mulholland Drive provides a powerful demonstration of how these concepts can be seen, heard, and felt in relation to film, and how sound can reverberate into the spaces and silences beyond the screen.

  20. Dementia and driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Neill, D; Neubauer, K; Boyle, M; Gerrard, J; Surmon, D; Wilcock, G K

    1992-04-01

    Many European countries test cars, but not their drivers, as they age. There is evidence to suggest that human factors are more important than vehicular factors as causes of motor crashes. The elderly also are involved in more accidents per distance travelled than middle-aged drivers. As the UK relies on self-certification of health by drivers over the age of 70 years, we examined the driving practices of patients with dementia attending a Memory Clinic. Nearly one-fifth of 329 patients with documented dementia continued to drive after the onset of dementia, and impaired driving ability was noted in two-thirds of these. Their families experienced great difficulty in persuading patients to stop driving, and had to invoke outside help in many cases. Neuropsychological tests did not help to identify those who drove badly while activity of daily living scores were related to driving ability. These findings suggest that many patients with dementia drive in an unsafe fashion after the onset of the illness. The present system of self-certification of health by the elderly for driver-licensing purposes needs to be reassessed.

  1. Dialling and driving: factors influencing intentions to use a mobile phone while driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walsh, Shari P; White, Katherine M; Hyde, Melissa K; Watson, Barry

    2008-11-01

    Despite being identified as an unsafe (and, in some jurisdictions, illegal) driving practice, the psychological factors underlying people's decision to use their mobile phone while driving have received little attention. The present study utilised the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to examine the role of attitudes, norms, control factors, and risk perceptions, in predicting people's intentions to use their mobile phone while driving. We examined the predictors of intentions to use a mobile phone while driving in general, and for calling and text messaging in 4 scenarios differing in descriptions of vehicle speed and time pressure. There was some support for the TPB given that attitudes consistently predicted intentions to drive while using a mobile phone and that pressure from significant others (norms) determined some phone use while driving intentions, although less support was found for the role of perceptions of control. Risk was not generally predictive of safer driving intentions. These findings indicate that different factors influence each form of mobile phone use while driving and, hence, a multi-strategy approach is likely to be required to address the issue.

  2. Relationships between frequency of driving under the influence of cannabis, self-reported reckless driving and risk-taking behavior observed in a driving simulator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bergeron, Jacques; Paquette, Martin

    2014-06-01

    The role of cannabis consumption in traffic crashes is unclear and the causal link between cannabis and collisions is still to be demonstrated. While cannabis use is very likely to impair driving ability, there is as yet no overwhelming evidence that cannabis use in isolation contributes more to collisions than other characteristics inherent to cannabis users. As noted in a growing body of literature, individuals driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) seem to exhibit a general reckless driving style putting them at higher risk to be involved in traffic crashes. This study aims at investigating the relationship between self-reported DUIC and reckless driving by means of self-reported measures and direct observations made in a driving simulator. Participants (n=72) were required to be between 18 and 25 years of age, to hold a valid driver's license, and to drive at least twice a week. They completed standard driving simulation tasks recreating everyday on-road trivial conditions. Results show that people admitting that they commit more real-life dangerous driving behaviors reached higher maximum speed and demonstrated more reckless driving behaviors on the driving simulation tasks. Self-reported DUIC is associated with a risky driving style including a broad range of reckless on-road behaviors and support the problem driving behavior theory. Moreover, beyond confounding factors, both self-report DUIC and observed dangerous behaviors are associated with real-life traffic violations. Since DUIC appears to be related to an overall reckless style of driving, it is proposed that public safety policies should be more holistic, simultaneously targeting multiple on-road dangerous behaviors for intervention. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Cognitive impairment and driving safety.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eby, David W; Molnar, Lisa J

    2012-11-01

    As the populations of many countries continue to age, cognitive impairment will likely become more common. Individuals with cognitive impairment pose special challenges for families, health professionals, driving safety professionals, and the larger community, particularly if these older adults depend on driving as their primary means of community mobility. It is vital that we continue to extend our knowledge about the driving behavior of individuals' with cognitive impairment, as well as try to develop effective means of screening and assessing these individuals for fitness to drive and help facilitate their transition to non-driving when appropriate. This special issue is intended to provide researchers and practitioners an opportunity to present the most recent research findings on driving-related issues among older adults with cognitive impairment. The issue contains 11 original contributions from seven countries. The topics covered by these papers are: crash risks; screening, assessment, and fitness to drive; driving performance using a driving simulator; and driving behaviors and driving-related decisions of people with cognitive impairments. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  4. State all-driver distracted driving laws and high school students'  texting while driving behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qiao, Nan; Bell, Teresa Maria

    2016-01-01

    Texting while driving is highly prevalent among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Texting while driving can significantly increase the risk of road crashes and is associated with other risky driving behaviors. Most states have enacted distracted driving laws to prohibit texting while driving. This study examines effects of different all-driver distracted driving laws on texting while driving among high school students. High school student data were extracted from the 2013 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Distracted driving law information was collected from the National Conference of State Legislatures. The final sample included 6,168 high school students above the restricted driving age in their states and with access to a vehicle. Logistic regression was applied to estimate odds ratios of laws on texting while driving. All-driver text messaging bans with primary enforcement were associated with a significant reduction in odds of texting while driving among high school students (odds ratio = 0.703; 95% confidence interval, 0.513-0.964), whereas all-driver phone use bans with primary enforcement did not have a significant association with texting while driving (odds ratio = 0.846; 95% confidence interval, 0.501-1.429). The findings indicate that all-driver distracted driving laws that specifically target texting while driving as opposed to all types of phone use are effective in reducing the behavior among high school students.

  5. Using driving simulators to assess driving safety.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boyle, Linda Ng; Lee, John D

    2010-05-01

    Changes in drivers, vehicles, and roadways pose substantial challenges to the transportation safety community. Crash records and naturalistic driving data are useful for examining the influence of past or existing technology on drivers, and the associations between risk factors and crashes. However, they are limited because causation cannot be established and technology not yet installed in production vehicles cannot be assessed. Driving simulators have become an increasingly widespread tool to understand evolving and novel technologies. The ability to manipulate independent variables in a randomized, controlled setting also provides the added benefit of identifying causal links. This paper introduces a special issue on simulator-based safety studies. The special issue comprises 25 papers that demonstrate the use of driving simulators to address pressing transportation safety problems and includes topics as diverse as neurological dysfunction, work zone design, and driver distraction. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. The Technique of Changing the Drive Method of Micro Step Drive and Sensorless Drive for Hybrid Stepping Motor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoneda, Makoto; Dohmeki, Hideo

    The position control system with the advantage large torque, low vibration, and high resolution can be obtained by the constant current micro step drive applied to hybrid stepping motor. However loss is large, in order not to be concerned with load torque but to control current uniformly. As the one technique of a position control system in which high efficiency is realizable, the same sensorless control as a permanent magnet motor is effective. But, it was the purpose that the control method proposed until now controls speed. Then, this paper proposed changing the drive method of micro step drive and sensorless drive. The change of the drive method was verified from the simulation and the experiment. On no load, it was checked not producing change of a large speed at the time of a change by making electrical angle and carrying out zero reset of the integrator. On load, it was checked that a large speed change arose. The proposed system could change drive method by setting up the initial value of an integrator using the estimated result, without producing speed change. With this technique, the low loss position control system, which employed the advantage of the hybrid stepping motor, has been built.

  7. Síndrome climatérico: caracterización clínica y socio-epidemiológica Climacteric syndrome: clinical and socioepidemiological characterization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margeris Yanes Calderón

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal a 80 mujeres climatéricas, en el período comprendido entre septiembre del año 2003 y junio de 2004, con el objetivo de conocer las características clínicas y socio-epidemiológicas que tienen mayor incidencia, así como analizar la repercusión biopsicosocial del climaterio en las mujeres del consultorio 1.1 de La Puntilla, en el Policlínico Docente "Ana Betancourt", del municipio Playa, en la Ciudad de La Habana. En las pacientes estudiadas prevaleció el síndrome climatérico leve, y las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial y la artrosis. Más del 50 % de las mujeres encuestadas se desenvuelven en un medio familiar funcional, y el 75 % refiere una buena satisfacción de sus necesidades básicas, en correspondencia con un entorno higiénico habitacional bueno, lo que guarda una estrecha relación con el nivel sociocultural y económico del area de salud investigada.A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 80 climacteric women from September 2003 to June 2004 aimed at knowing the clinical and socioepidemiological characteristics with the highest incidence, and at analyzing the biopsychosocial repercussion of the climacteric in women from the family phsycian's office 1.1, in La Puntilla, at "Ana Betancourt" Teaching Polyclinic, "Playa" municipality, Havana City. The mild climacteric syndrome prevailed in the studied patients. The most frequent chronic diseases were arterial hypertension and arthrosis. More than 50 % of the surveyed women belonged to a functional family environment, and 75. 5 % referred to a good satisfaction of their basic needs in correspondance with a good hygienic housing setting that is closely related to the sociocultural and economic level of the investigated health area.

  8. High-risk driving attitudes and everyday driving violations of car and racing enthusiasts in Ontario, Canada.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yildirim-Yenier, Zümrüt; Vingilis, Evelyn; Wiesenthal, David L; Mann, Robert E; Seeley, Jane

    2015-01-01

    Attitudes and individual difference variables of car and racing enthusiasts regarding high-risk behaviors of street racing and stunt driving have recently been investigated. Positive attitudes toward high-risk driving, personality variables such as driver thrill seeking, and other self-reported risky driving acts were associated with these behaviors. However, probable relationships among high-risk driving tendencies, everyday driving behaviors, and negative road safety outcomes have remained largely unexamined. This study aimed to investigate the associations among car and racing enthusiasts' high-risk driving attitudes, self-reported everyday driving violations (i.e., ordinary and aggressive violations), and self-reported negative outcomes (i.e., collisions and driving offense citations). A web-based survey was conducted with members and visitors of car club and racing websites in Ontario, Canada. Data were obtained from 366 participants. The questionnaire included 4 attitude measures-(1) attitudes toward new penalties for Ontario's Street Racers, Stunt and Aggressive Drivers Legislation; (2) attitudes toward new offenses of stunt driving under the same legislation; (3) general attitudes toward street racing and stunt driving; (4) comparison of street racing with other risky driving behaviors-self-reported driving violations (i.e., ordinary and aggressive violations); self-reported collisions and offense citations; and background and driving questions (e.g., age, driving frequency). Results revealed that attitudes toward stunt driving offenses negatively and general attitudes toward street racing and stunt driving positively predicted ordinary violations, which, in turn, predicted offense citations. Moreover, general attitudes toward street racing and stunt driving positively predicted aggressive violations, which, in turn, predicted offense citations. The findings indicate that positive high-risk driving attitudes may be transferring to driving violations in

  9. Parkinson's disease and driving ability

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Rajiv; Pentland, Brian; Hunter, John; Provan, Frances

    2007-01-01

    Objectives To explore the driving problems associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to ascertain whether any clinical features or tests predict driver safety. Methods The driving ability of 154 individuals with PD referred to a driving assessment centre was determined by a combination of clinical tests, reaction times on a test rig and an in‐car driving test. Results The majority of cases (104, 66%) were able to continue driving although 46 individuals required an automatic transmission and 10 others needed car modifications. Ability to drive was predicted by the severity of physical disease, age, presence of other associated medical conditions, particularly dementia, duration of disease, brake reaction, time on a test rig and score on a driving test (all pautomatic transmission. A combination of clinical tests and in‐car driving assessment will establish safety to drive, and a number of clinical correlates can be shown to predict the likely outcome and may assist in the decision process. This is the largest series of consecutive patients seen at a driving assessment centre reported to date, and the first to devise a scoring system for on‐road driving assessment. PMID:17178820

  10. Composición de sedimentos en las zonas costeras de Costa Rica utilizando Fluorescencia de Rayos-X (FRX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Salazar M

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Utilizando Fluorescencia de Rayos-X dispersiva en energía, que permite la evaluación simultánea de los isótopos estables de trece elementos, se analizaron setenta y cuatro muestras de sedimentos marinos de las regiones intermareales para las costas del Caribe y del Pacífico Norte, Central y Sur de Costa Rica. Los elementos calcio y hierro fueron los más abundantes y son representativos del origen de la formación natural del sedimento, estando el primero asociado a procesos biogénicos, tales como sistemas arrecifales coralinos cercanos al sitio de muestreo y el segundo esta asociado mas bien a sedimentos de carácter litogénico. En general, las playas del Pacífico Norte mostraron la mayor concentración de calcio lo que es indicativo de mayor existencia de estructuras arrecifales en sus alrededores. El análisis de los elementos traza, ligados a un origen terrígeno, muestras un patrón similar al hierro en la mayoría de las regiones. Las playas del Pacífico Central y Sur muestran las mayores concentraciones de estos elementos traza, indicando una mayor contribución terrígena y/o poco contribución de carbonato de calcio debido al escaso desarrollo de estructuras coralinas en estas regiones. Por último, el análisis no mostró evidencia de contaminación antropogénica y solo una sección al norte de la Playa Puerto Viejo presentaron concentraciones altas de plomo zinc y titanio, lo cual podría estar ligado a fuentes hidrotermales en esta regiónUsing an energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence analysis, simultaneous evaluation of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ge, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb in 74 marine sediment samples from the Costa Rica intertidal zones was conducted. Samples were collected between June 1999 and December 2001, from Caribbean and Pacific beaches of Costa Rica. Calcium and iron showed the highest abundances and are indicators of the natural origin of the sediments. Calcium is associated with biogenic processes such as coral

  11. Braidplain, floodplain and playa lake, alluvial-fan, aeolian and palaeosol facies composing a diversified lithogenetical sequence in the permian and triassic of South Devon (England)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mader, Detlef

    The Permian and Triassic of South Devon (England) are a continental red bed sequence of very diversified lithogenetical composition. Within the thick series, the distribution of the main depositional environments being fluvial braidplain, fluvial floodplain and playa lake, alluvial fan, aeolian dune and calcrete palaeosol changes repeatedly in both horizontal and vertical direction. Significant sedimentary milieus such as aeolian dunes and calcrete palaeosols occur repeatedly within the succession, but are also lacking in several parts of the sequence. Fluvial braidplain deposits comprise conglomerates, sandstones, intraformational reworking horizons and mudstones and originate in channels and overbank plains of a braided river system. Conglomerates and sandstones are formed by migration of bars and spreading out of sheets during infilling of streams and aggradation of flats. Gravel is often enriched as lag pockets or veneers within steeper scour holes and kolk pots or on the plane floor of the watercourse. Finer-grained sandstones and mudstones are laid down by suspension settling in stagnant water bodies such as small lakes in the overbank area and residual pools in interbar depressions during low-stage or waning-flow in active channels or in abandoned streams. Spectacular bioturbation features in some sandstones with both horizontal tubes and vertical burrows testify to the colonization of the sediments at the bottom of the rivers with declining discharge and transport capacity. Intraformational reworking horizons with ghost-like remnants of degraded sandstones, mudstones and pedogenic carbonates document partially severe condensation of the sequence by removal of some facies elements from the depositional record. The occasionally occurring gravel-bearing mudstones or silty-clayey sandstones represent products of high-energy water surges overspilling the channel banks and transporting sandy and gravelly bed-load in limited amounts beyond the levee wall. The

  12. Rod drive and latching mechanism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Veronesi, L.; Sherwood, D.G.

    1982-01-01

    Hydraulic drive and latching mechanisms for driving reactivity control mechanisms in nuclear reactors are described. Preferably, the pressurized reactor coolant is utilized to raise the drive rod into contact with and to pivot the latching mechanism so as to allow the drive rod to pass the latching mechanism. The pressure in the housing may then be equalized which allows the drive rod to move downwardly into contact with the latching mechanism but to hold the shaft in a raised position with respect to the reactor core. Once again, the reactor coolant pressure may be utilized to raise the drive rod and thus pivot the latching mechanism so that the drive rod passes above the latching mechanism. Again, the mechanism pressure can be equalized which allows the drive rod to fall and pass by the latching mechanism so that the drive rod approaches the reactor core. (author)

  13. Driving range estimation for electric vehicles based on driving condition identification and forecast

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Chaofeng; Dai, Wei; Chen, Liao; Chen, Long; Wang, Limei

    2017-10-01

    With the impact of serious environmental pollution in our cities combined with the ongoing depletion of oil resources, electric vehicles are becoming highly favored as means of transport. Not only for the advantage of low noise, but for their high energy efficiency and zero pollution. The Power battery is used as the energy source of electric vehicles. However, it does currently still have a few shortcomings, noticeably the low energy density, with high costs and short cycle life results in limited mileage compared with conventional passenger vehicles. There is great difference in vehicle energy consumption rate under different environment and driving conditions. Estimation error of current driving range is relatively large due to without considering the effects of environmental temperature and driving conditions. The development of a driving range estimation method will have a great impact on the electric vehicles. A new driving range estimation model based on the combination of driving cycle identification and prediction is proposed and investigated. This model can effectively eliminate mileage errors and has good convergence with added robustness. Initially the identification of the driving cycle is based on Kernel Principal Component feature parameters and fuzzy C referring to clustering algorithm. Secondly, a fuzzy rule between the characteristic parameters and energy consumption is established under MATLAB/Simulink environment. Furthermore the Markov algorithm and BP(Back Propagation) neural network method is utilized to predict the future driving conditions to improve the accuracy of the remaining range estimation. Finally, driving range estimation method is carried out under the ECE 15 condition by using the rotary drum test bench, and the experimental results are compared with the estimation results. Results now show that the proposed driving range estimation method can not only estimate the remaining mileage, but also eliminate the fluctuation of the

  14. Medications and impaired driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hetland, Amanda; Carr, David B

    2014-04-01

    To describe the association of specific medication classes with driving outcomes and provide clinical recommendations. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles published from January 1973 to June 2013 on classes of medications associated with driving impairment. The search included outcome terms such as automobile driving, motor vehicle crash, driving simulator, and road tests. Only English-language articles that contained findings from observational or interventional designs with ≥ 10 participants were included in this review. Cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports were excluded. Driving is an important task and activity for the majority of adults. Some commonly prescribed medications have been associated with driving impairment measured by road performance, driving simulation, and/or motor vehicle crashes. This review of 30 studies identified findings with barbiturates, benzodiazepines, hypnotics, antidepressants, opioid and nonsteroidal analgesics, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antiparkinsonian agents, skeletal muscle relaxants, antihistamines, anticholinergic medications, and hypoglycemic agents. Additional studies of medication impact on sedation, sleep latency, and psychomotor function, as well as the role of alcohol, are also discussed. Psychotropic agents and those with central nervous system side effects were associated with measures of impaired driving performance. It is difficult to determine if such associations are actually a result of medication use or the medical diagnosis itself. Regardless, clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of impaired driving with specific classes of medications, educate their patients, and/or consider safer alternatives.

  15. In Patients With Cirrhosis, Driving Simulator Performance Is Associated With Real-life Driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lauridsen, Mette M; Thacker, Leroy R; White, Melanie B; Unser, Ariel; Sterling, Richard K; Stravitz, Richard T; Matherly, Scott; Puri, Puneet; Sanyal, Arun J; Gavis, Edith A; Luketic, Velimir; Siddiqui, Muhammad S; Heuman, Douglas M; Fuchs, Michael; Bajaj, Jasmohan S

    2016-05-01

    Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has been linked to higher real-life rates of automobile crashes and poor performance in driving simulation studies, but the link between driving simulator performance and real-life automobile crashes has not been clearly established. Furthermore, not all patients with MHE are unsafe drivers, but it is unclear how to distinguish them from unsafe drivers. We investigated the link between performance on driving simulators and real-life automobile accidents and traffic violations. We also aimed to identify features of unsafe drivers with cirrhosis and evaluated changes in simulated driving skills and MHE status after 1 year. We performed a study of outpatients with cirrhosis (n = 205; median 55 years old; median model for end-stage liver disease score, 9.5; none with overt hepatic encephalopathy or alcohol or illicit drug use within previous 6 months) seen at the Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, from November 2008 through April 2014. All participants were given paper-pencil tests to diagnose MHE (98 had MHE; 48%), and 163 patients completed a standardized driving simulation. Data were collected on traffic violations and automobile accidents from the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles and from participants' self-assessments when they entered the study, and from 73 participants 1 year later. Participants also completed a questionnaire about alcohol use and cessation patterns. The driving simulator measured crashes, run-time, road center and edge excursions, and illegal turns during navigation; before and after each driving simulation session, patients were asked to rate their overall driving skills. Drivers were classified as safe or unsafe based on crashes and violations reported on official driving records; simulation results were compared with real-life driving records. Multivariable regression analyses of real-life crashes and violations was performed using data on

  16. Correspondence between Simulator and On-Road Drive Performance: Implications for Assessment of Driving Safety.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aksan, Nazan; Hacker, Sarah D; Sager, Lauren; Dawson, Jeffrey; Anderson, Steven; Rizzo, Matthew

    2016-03-01

    Forty-two younger (Mean age = 35) and 37 older drivers (Mean age = 77) completed four similar simulated drives. In addition, 32 younger and 30 older drivers completed a standard on-road drive in an instrumented vehicle. Performance in the simulated drives was evaluated using both electronic drive data and video-review of errors. Safety errors during the on-road drive were evaluated by a certified driving instructor blind to simulator performance, using state Department of Transportation criteria. We examined the degree of convergence in performance across the two platforms on various driving tasks including lane change, lane keeping, speed control, stopping, turns, and overall performance. Differences based on age group indicated a pattern of strong relative validity for simulator measures. However, relative rank-order in specific metrics of performance suggested a pattern of moderate relative validity. The findings have implications for the use of simulators in assessments of driving safety as well as its use in training and/or rehabilitation settings.

  17. Superluminal warp drive

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez-Diaz, Pedro F. [Colina de los Chopos, Centro de Fisica ' Miguel A. Catalan' , Instituto de Matematicas y Fisica Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid (Spain)], E-mail: p.gonzalezdiaz@imaff.cfmac.csic.es

    2007-09-20

    In this Letter we consider a warp drive spacetime resulting from that suggested by Alcubierre when the spaceship can only travel faster than light. Restricting to the two dimensions that retains most of the physics, we derive the thermodynamic properties of the warp drive and show that the temperature of the spaceship rises up as its apparent velocity increases. We also find that the warp drive spacetime can be exhibited in a manifestly cosmological form.

  18. The impact of continuous driving time and rest time on commercial drivers' driving performance and recovery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Lianzhen; Pei, Yulong

    2014-09-01

    This real road driving study was conducted to investigate the effects of driving time and rest time on the driving performance and recovery of commercial coach drivers. Thirty-three commercial coach drivers participated in the study, and were divided into three groups according to driving time: (a) 2 h, (b) 3 h, and (c) 4 h. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) was used to assess the subjective fatigue level of the drivers. One-way ANOVA was employed to analyze the variation in driving performance. The statistical analysis revealed that driving time had a significant effect on the subjective fatigue and driving performance measures among the three groups. After 2 h of driving, both the subjective fatigue and driving performance measures began to deteriorate. After 4 h of driving, all of the driving performance indicators changed significantly except for depth perception. A certain amount of rest time eliminated the negative effects of fatigue. A 15-minute rest allowed drivers to recover from a two-hour driving task. This needed to be prolonged to 30 min for driving tasks of 3 to 4 h of continuous driving. Drivers' attention, reactions, operating ability, and perceptions are all affected in turn after over 2 h of continuous driving. Drivers should take a certain amount of rest to recover from the fatigue effects before they continue driving. Copyright © 2014 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Older drivers' self-assessed driving skills, driving-related stress and self-regulation in traffic

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Siren, Anu Kristiina; Meng, Annette

    2013-01-01

    Previous research on older drivers has indicated connections between self-rated driving ability, confidence in their own driving, driving-related stress, and self-regulatory behaviour. However, more systematic associations between older drivers' perceptions on their own driving and self......-regulation or driver stress and self-regulation behaviour, and possible gender differences in these, have not been obtained in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to gain a better understanding of older drivers' self-regulatory driving and the motivators behind this behaviour, by placing this behaviour...... and avoidance than situations related to infrastructure, and women were more likely to report discomfort and avoidance of driving situations. The results suggest that older drivers generally show good self-judgement of changes in their driving skills and acknowledge the different types of skills comprised...

  20. La posición del analista y el objeto degradado Analyst position and the degraded object

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Laznik

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Nuestro proyecto de investigación propone una indagación conceptual y clínica del problema de la transferencia en relación con sus diversas configuraciones. El objetivo general es examinar y caracterizar la incidencia que sobre dicho objeto de estudio tienen la complejización de la estructura del amor, la conceptualización freudiana del masoquismo erógeno y la pulsión de muerte, en su articulación con la formalización del objeto a propuesta por Lacan. Esta presentación caracteriza y aborda diferentes modalidades de la transferencia en articulación con las consecuencias que devienen de la delimitación del lugar del objeto degradado en la vida amorosa.Our study of the concept of transference tries to establish new reaches for its scope, by taking into account the incidence that love structure complexity, Freudian concepts of primary and erogenous masochism and death drive, as well as the object petit a in Lacan, have on transference conception. This communication concerns an examination of love problem in its connection with transference, taking into account degraded object place in amorous life.

  1. Effects of decades of physical driving on body movement and motion sickness during virtual driving.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas A Stoffregen

    Full Text Available We investigated relations between experience driving physical automobiles and motion sickness during the driving of virtual automobiles. Middle-aged individuals drove a virtual automobile in a driving video game. Drivers were individuals who had possessed a driver's license for approximately 30 years, and who drove regularly, while non-drivers were individuals who had never held a driver's license, or who had not driven for more than 15 years. During virtual driving, we monitored movement of the head and torso. During virtual driving, drivers became motion sick more rapidly than non-drivers, but the incidence and severity of motion sickness did not differ as a function of driving experience. Patterns of movement during virtual driving differed as a function of driving experience. Separately, movement differed between participants who later became motion sick and those who did not. Most importantly, physical driving experience influenced patterns of postural activity that preceded motion sickness during virtual driving. The results are consistent with the postural instability theory of motion sickness, and help to illuminate relations between the control of physical and virtual vehicles.

  2. Driving competences and neuropsychological factors associated to driving counseling in multiple sclerosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Badenes, Dolors; Garolera, Maite; Casas, Laura; Cejudo-Bolivar, Juan Carlos; de Francisco, Jorge; Zaragoza, Silvia; Calzado, Noemi; Aguilar, Miquel

    2014-05-01

    Multiple Sclerosis (MS) significantly impacts daily living activities, including car driving. To investigate driving difficulties experienced with MS, we compared 50 MS patients with minor or moderate disability and 50 healthy controls (HC) using computerized driving tests (the ASDE driver test and the Useful Field of View (UFOV) test) and neuropsychological tests. Inclusion criteria included being active drivers. We evaluated whether cognitive deterioration in MS is associated with the results of driving tests by comparing MS patients without cognitive deterioration with HC. The results indicated that the MS patients performed worse than the HCs in attention, information processing, working memory and visuomotor coordination tasks. Furthermore, MS patients with cognitive impairments experienced more difficulties in the driving tests than did the non-impaired MS patients. Motor dysfunction associated with MS also played an important role in this activity. The results of this study suggest that MS should be assessed carefully and that special emphasis should be placed on visuomotor coordination and executive functions because patients with minor motor disability and subtle cognitive impairments can pass measures predictive of driving safety.

  3. Perception of the Risks Associated with Impaired Driving and Effects on Driving Behavior

    OpenAIRE

    Georges Dionne; Claude Fluet; Denise Desjardins

    2006-01-01

    This research studies the perception of the risks associated with impaired driving-probability of being apprehended or of having an accident-and the relation between the perception of risks and driving behavior. The most important determinants of perceptual biases are age, an accumulation of violations in the year preceding the survey, being a non-drinker, knowledge of the legal alcohol limit for driving, opinion about zero tolerance for impaired driving, and family income. Perceptual biases ...

  4. Epilepsy and driving

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matej Mavrič

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Epilepsy poses a risk for all participants in road traffic; therefore people with epilepsy do not meet the criteria for an unlimited driving license. Their driving is affected not only by epileptic seizures causing impaired consciousness and involuntary movements, but also by antiepileptic drugs with their many unwanted affects. The experts have not yet agreed on whether people with epilepsy have an increased risk of experiencing a road traffic accident. However, recent data suggests that the overall risk is lower compared to other medical conditions. Scientific evidence forms the basis of legislation, which by limiting people with epilepsy, enables all participants in road traffic to drive in the safest possible environment. The legislation that governs epilepsy and driving in Slovenia has been recently thoroughly reformed and thus allows a less discriminatory management of people with epilepsy. Although people with epilepsy experience many issues in their daily life, including their personal relationships and employment, they often list the need for driving as a top concern in surveys. General physicians play an important role in managing the issues of people with epilepsy.

  5. Control rod drives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayakawa, Hiroyasu.

    1979-01-01

    Purpose: To enable rapid control in a simple circuit by providing a motor control device having an electric capacity capable of simultaneously driving all of the control rods rapidly only in the inserting direction as well as a motor controlling device capable of fine control for the insertion and extraction at usual operation. Constitution: The control rod drives comprise a first motor control device capable of finely controlling the control rods both in inserting and extracting directions, a second motor control device capable of rapidly driving the control rods only in the inserting direction, and a first motor switching circuit and a second motor switching circuit switched by switches. Upon issue of a rapid insertion instruction for the control rods, the second motor switching circuit is closed by the switch and the second motor control circuit and driving motors are connected. Thus, each of the control rod driving motors is driven at a high speed in the inserting direction to rapidly insert all of the control rods. (Yoshino, Y.)

  6. Avian cholera in waterfowl: the role of lesser snow and Ross's geese as carriers of avian cholera in the Playa Lakes region

    Science.gov (United States)

    Samuel, M.D.; Shadduck, D.J.; Goldberg, Diana R.; Johnson, W.P.

    2005-01-01

    We collected samples from apparently healthy geese in the Playa Lakes Region (USA) during the winters of 2000a??01 and 2001a??02 to determine whether carriers of Pasteurella multocida, the bacterium that causes avian cholera, were present in wild populations. With the use of methods developed in laboratory challenge trials (Samuel et al., 2003a) and a serotype-specific polymerase chain reaction method for identification of P. multocida serotype 1, we found that a small proportion of 322 wild birds (cholera infection. Our results confirm the hypothesis that wild waterfowl are carriers of avian cholera and add support for the hypothesis that wild birds are a reservoir for this disease. In concert with other research, this work indicates that enzootic infection with avian cholera occurs in lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) populations throughout their annual cycle. Although fewer Rossa??s geese (Chen rossii) were sampled, we also found these birds were carriers of P. multocida. Even in the absence of disease outbreaks, serologic evidence indicates that chronic disease transmission and recent infection are apparently occurring year-round in these highly gregarious birds and that a small portion of these populations are potential carriers with active infection.

  7. Use RUSLE2 model to assess the impact of soil erosion on playa inundation and hydrophyte conditions in the Rainwater Basin, Nebraska.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, Zhenghong; Gu, Yue; Jiang, Weiguo; Xue, Yuan; Bishop, Andy; LaGrange, Ted; Nugent, Eleanor

    2016-06-01

    Playas in the Rainwater Basin region in Nebraska are globally important wetlands that are continuously threatened by culturally accelerated sedimentation. Using annual habitat survey data and wetland vegetation inventories, inundation and hydrophyte community distributions were evaluated for properties under different types of conservation status. Annual soil erosion rates from surrounding watersheds were calculated to estimate sediment accumulated rates using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 (RUSLE2). The slope-length component of the RUSLE2 was derived from 2009 light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data after the methods described by Van Remortel (Computers & Geosciences 30:1043-1053, 2004). Wetlands enrolled in conservation programs were inundated more and were dominated to a greater degree by hydrophytes than wetlands not enrolled in these programs. The mean estimated soil erosion rate at the Rainwater Basin landscape level was 4.67 tons/ha/year, and the mean estimated sediment accumulation depth for public watersheds was estimated as 0.19 cm/year. Without appropriate conservation actions, the current inundated acres and wetland acres growing hydrophytes would be further reduced by sediment accumulation. The results illustrated the importance of conservation programs to protect wetlands.

  8. Control rod drive

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hawke, B.C.

    1986-01-01

    A reactor core, one or more control rods, and a control rod drive are described for selectively inserting and withdrawing the one or more control rods into and from the reactor core, which consists of: a support structure secured beneath the reactor core; control rod positioning means supported by the support structure for movably supporting the control rod for movement between a lower position wherein the control rod is located substantially beneath the reactor core and an upper position wherein at least an upper portion of the control rod extends into the reactor core; transmission means; primary drive means connected with the control rod positioning means by the transmission means for positioning the control rod under normal operating conditions; emergency drive means for moving the control rod from the lower position to the upper position under emergency conditions, the emergency drive means including a weight movable between an upper and a lower position, means for movably supporting the weight, and means for transmitting gravitational force exerted on the weight to the control rod positioning means to move the control rod upwardly when the weight is pulled downwardly by gravity; the transmission means connecting the control rod positioning means with the emergency drive means so that the primary drive means effects movement of the weight and the control rod in opposite directions under normal conditions, thus providing counterbalancing to reduce the force required for upward movement of the control rod under normal conditions; and restraint means for restraining the fall of the weight under normal operating conditions and disengaging the primary drive means to release the weight under emergency conditions

  9. Noninductive current drive in tokamaks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uckan, N.A.

    1985-01-01

    Various current drive mechanisms may be grouped into four classes: (1) injection of energetic particle beams; (2) launching of rf waves; (3) hybrid schemes, which are combinations of various rf schemes (rf plus beams, rf and/or beam plus ohmic heating, etc.); and (4) other schemes, some of which are specific to reactor plasma conditions requiring the presence of alpha particle or intense synchrotron radiation. Particle injection schemes include current drive by neutral beams and relativistic electron beams. The rf schemes include current drive by the lower hybrid (LH) waves, the electron waves, the waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies, etc. Only a few of these approaches, however, have been tested experimentally, with the broadest data base available for LH waves. Included in this report are (1) efficiency criteria for current drive, (2) current drive by neutral beam injection, (3) LH current drive, (4) electron cyclotron current drive, (5) current drive by ion cyclotron waves - minority species heating, and (6) current drive by other schemes (such as hybrids and low frequency waves)

  10. Teen Driving Risk and Prevention: Naturalistic Driving Research Contributions and Challenges

    OpenAIRE

    Simons-Morton, Bruce G.; Ehsani, Johnathon P.; Gershon, Pnina; Klauer, Sheila G.; Dingus, Thomas A.

    2017-01-01

    Naturalistic driving (ND) methods may be particularly useful for research on young driver crash risk. Novices are not safe drivers initially, but tend to improve rapidly, although the pace of learning is highly variable. However, knowledge is lacking about how best to reduce the learning curve and the variability in the development of safe driving judgment. A great deal has been learned from recent naturalistic driving (ND) studies that have included young drivers, providing objective informa...

  11. Modeling Driving Performance Using In-Vehicle Speech Data From a Naturalistic Driving Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuo, Jonny; Charlton, Judith L; Koppel, Sjaan; Rudin-Brown, Christina M; Cross, Suzanne

    2016-09-01

    We aimed to (a) describe the development and application of an automated approach for processing in-vehicle speech data from a naturalistic driving study (NDS), (b) examine the influence of child passenger presence on driving performance, and (c) model this relationship using in-vehicle speech data. Parent drivers frequently engage in child-related secondary behaviors, but the impact on driving performance is unknown. Applying automated speech-processing techniques to NDS audio data would facilitate the analysis of in-vehicle driver-child interactions and their influence on driving performance. Speech activity detection and speaker diarization algorithms were applied to audio data from a Melbourne-based NDS involving 42 families. Multilevel models were developed to evaluate the effect of speech activity and the presence of child passengers on driving performance. Speech activity was significantly associated with velocity and steering angle variability. Child passenger presence alone was not associated with changes in driving performance. However, speech activity in the presence of two child passengers was associated with the most variability in driving performance. The effects of in-vehicle speech on driving performance in the presence of child passengers appear to be heterogeneous, and multiple factors may need to be considered in evaluating their impact. This goal can potentially be achieved within large-scale NDS through the automated processing of observational data, including speech. Speech-processing algorithms enable new perspectives on driving performance to be gained from existing NDS data, and variables that were once labor-intensive to process can be readily utilized in future research. © 2016, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

  12. Evaluación de la eficiencia energética de vehículos pesados en el ciclo // Evaluation of the heavy duty trucks energy efficiency in the modified drive cycle.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Pérez-Gálvez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available ResumenEn este trabajo, se presenta la reformulación de un ciclo teórico que consta de los elementosbásicos de un ciclo de viaje real con condiciones prefijadas de movimiento y operación. En lamodificación se tomaron en cuenta los siguientes elementos: frecuencia de rotación mínima enmovimiento estable; eficiencia de la transmisión variable con la velocidad, la carga y la marchaconectada; un nuevo criterio de frecuencia de rotación del motor para el cambio de marchas; elfrenado con el motor embragado y; nuevas expresiones de cuantificación del consumo decombustible. Obteniéndose nuevos modelos matemáticos para la determinación de los indicadoresdel consumo de combustible de vehículos pesados de transmisión mecánica. Se presenta además,un indicador “Coeficiente de Efectividad del Trabajo del Automóvil” (CETA que describe laeficiencia energética durante el periodo de impulso, expresada a través del grado deaprovechamiento de la energía del automóvil para llevar hasta determinada velocidad la masa de lacarga útil.Palabras claves: ciclo de viaje, consumo de combustible, evaluación vehicular, modelos matemáticos._________________________________________________________________AbstractIn this paper, the new formulation of a theoretical drive cycle is presented. It is integrated by stagesof a real drive cycle with the prefix settings of movement and operation. In the cycle modificationthe following approaches are taken account: minimal rotation frequency in stable movement; thetransmission efficiency is variable with the speed, the weight, and the gear ratio; a new rotationfrequency for gear shifting; a motor braking stage and; a group of new equations for the fuelconsumption. New mathematical models were obtained for the fuel consumption indicators of theheavy duty trucks with manual transmission. Furthermore, the indicator Automobile WorkEffectiveness Coefficient is presented. It describes the energy efficiency in the

  13. Dementia and driving

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm Dementia and driving To use the sharing features on ... please enable JavaScript. If your loved one has dementia , deciding when they can no longer drive may ...

  14. Driving After a Stroke

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... 23,2015 Can I drive after a stroke? Driving is often a major concern after someone has a stroke. It’s not unusual for stroke survivors to want to drive. Being able to get around after a stroke is important. Safety behind the wheel is even more important after ...

  15. Seroprevalence of antibodies against the excreted antigen superoxide dismutase by Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs from the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico).

    Science.gov (United States)

    López-Cespedes, A; Longoni, S S; Sauri-Arceo, C H; Rodríguez-Vivas, R I; Villegas, N; Escobedo-Ortegón, J; Barrera-Pérez, M A; Sánchez-Moreno, M; Bolio González, M E; Marín, C

    2013-06-01

    Numerous studies have shown the role of dogs as a reservoir for the American trypanosomiasis, as the bridge connecting sylvatic and peridomestic cycles. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of American trypanosomiasis in the dog population (630 sera) from seven localities in the Yucatan Peninsula (city of Mérida and the towns of Molas, Playa del Carmen, Akumal, Xcalacoop, Xcalac and Xahuachol). These data are key for developing control measures for the disease. The sera were analysed to detect antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi, using Fe-SOD excreted as the antigenic fraction by ELISA and Western blot as confirmation. The total prevalence found in the Yucatan Peninsula was some 14.76%, with 10.74% in the state of Yucatan (city of Mérida, towns of Molas and Xcalacoop) and 21.34% in the state of Quintana Roo (towns of Playa del Carmen, Akumal, Xcalac and Xahuachol). However, a more thorough epidemiological study of the dog population, both wild and urban, in the Yucatan Peninsula will be required to design a control strategy for these diseases, paying particular attention to the population affected and even broadening the study to other Mexican states as well as neighbouring countries. These results again confirm that iron-superoxide dismutase excreted by T. cruzi constitutes a good source of antigen for serodiagnosis in epidemiological studies. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  16. La superaci??n del modelo del ??ngel del hogar:

    OpenAIRE

    Hurtado Mu??oz, M??nica

    2012-01-01

    La Tesis Doctoral titulada "La superaci??n del modelo del "??ngel del hogar". Recuperaci??n de la escritora Leonor Canalejas y Fustegueras (1869-1945)" aborda, en primer lugar, un an??lisis sociol??gico de las circunstancias que rodearon a la mujer espa??ola en el cambio de siglo en el ??mbito social y educativo, en un intento de esclarecer las caracter??sticas propias del contexto en el que la mujer accede a la intelectualidad en general y a la literatura en particular. Esta parte concluye q...

  17. THE IMPACT OF TEXT DRIVING ON DRIVING SAFETY

    OpenAIRE

    Sanaz Motamedi; Jyh-Hone Wang

    2016-01-01

    In an increasingly mobile era, the wide availability of technology for texting and the prevalence of hands-free form have introduced a new safety concern for drivers. To assess this concern, a questionnaire was first deployed online to gain an understanding of drivers’ text driving experiences as well as their demographic information. The results from 232 people revealed that the majority of drivers are aware of the associated risks with texting while driving. However, more than one-fourth of...

  18. i3Drive, a 3D interactive driving simulator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ambroz, Miha; Prebil, Ivan

    2010-01-01

    i3Drive, a wheeled-vehicle simulator, can accurately simulate vehicles of various configurations with up to eight wheels in real time on a desktop PC. It presents the vehicle dynamics as an interactive animation in a virtual 3D environment. The application is fully GUI-controlled, giving users an easy overview of the simulation parameters and letting them adjust those parameters interactively. It models all relevant vehicle systems, including the mechanical models of the suspension, power train, and braking and steering systems. The simulation results generally correspond well with actual measurements, making the system useful for studying vehicle performance in various driving scenarios. i3Drive is thus a worthy complement to other, more complex tools for vehicle-dynamics simulation and analysis.

  19. A drive through Web 2.0: an exploration of driving safety promotion on Facebook™.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Apatu, Emma J I; Alperin, Melissa; Miner, Kathleen R; Wiljer, David

    2013-01-01

    This study explored Facebook™ to capture the prevalence of driving safety promotion user groups, obtain user demographic information, to understand if Facebook™ user groups influence reported driving behaviors, and to gather a sense of perceived effectiveness of Facebook™ for driving safety promotion targeted to young adults. In total, 96 driving safety Facebook™ groups (DSFGs) were identified with a total of 33,368 members, 168 administrators, 156 officers, 1,598 wall posts representing 12 countries. A total of 85 individuals participated in the survey. Demographic findings of this study suggest that driving safety promotion can be targeted to young and older adults. Respondents' ages ranged from 18 to 66 years. A total of 62% of respondents aged ≤ 24 years and 57.8% of respondents aged ≥ 25 years reported changing their driving-related behaviors as a result of reading information on the DSFGs to which they belonged. A higher proportion of respondents ≥ 25 years were significantly more likely to report Facebook™ and YouTube™ as an effective technology for driving safety promotion. This preliminary study indicates that DSFGs may be effective tools for driving safety promotion among young adults. More research is needed to understand the cognition of Facebook™ users as it relates to adopting safe driving behavior. The findings from this study present descriptive data to guide public health practitioners for future health promotion activities on Facebook™.

  20. “Spain is different”: El turismo como fenómeno de masas en los años sesenta en España

    OpenAIRE

    Egea Moya, Natalia

    2015-01-01

    El presente trabajo analizar el fenómeno que supuso el turismo de masas, o turismo de sol y playa en España en la década de los sesenta. Para ello, se estudia el contexto económico y político de la época, la actuación de las empresas privadas, las características de ese modelo turístico y la imagen del país que se vende al exterior mediante la promoción y el cine. Además, se presenta el caso concreto de La Manga del Mar Menor (Murcia), como núcleo receptor de ese tipo de turismo en dicha époc...

  1. Self-driving carsickness.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diels, Cyriel; Bos, Jelte E

    2016-03-01

    This paper discusses the predicted increase in the occurrence and severity of motion sickness in self-driving cars. Self-driving cars have the potential to lead to significant benefits. From the driver's perspective, the direct benefits of this technology are considered increased comfort and productivity. However, we here show that the envisaged scenarios all lead to an increased risk of motion sickness. As such, the benefits this technology is assumed to bring may not be capitalised on, in particular by those already susceptible to motion sickness. This can negatively affect user acceptance and uptake and, in turn, limit the potential socioeconomic benefits that this emerging technology may provide. Following a discussion on the causes of motion sickness in the context of self-driving cars, we present guidelines to steer the design and development of automated vehicle technologies. The aim is to limit or avoid the impact of motion sickness and ultimately promote the uptake of self-driving cars. Attention is also given to less well known consequences of motion sickness, in particular negative aftereffects such as postural instability, and detrimental effects on task performance and how this may impact the use and design of self-driving cars. We conclude that basic perceptual mechanisms need to be considered in the design process whereby self-driving cars cannot simply be thought of as living rooms, offices, or entertainment venues on wheels. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

  2. Predicting psychopharmacological drug effects on actual driving performance (SDLP) from psychometric tests measuring driving-related skills

    OpenAIRE

    Verster, Joris C.; Roth, Thomas

    2011-01-01

    Rationale There are various methods to examine driving ability. Comparisons between these methods and their relationship with actual on-road driving is often not determined. Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether laboratory tests measuring driving-related skills could adequately predict on-the-road driving performance during normal traffic. Methods Ninety-six healthy volunteers performed a standardized on-the-road driving test. Subjects were instructed to drive with a ...

  3. Sequential Dependencies in Driving

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doshi, Anup; Tran, Cuong; Wilder, Matthew H.; Mozer, Michael C.; Trivedi, Mohan M.

    2012-01-01

    The effect of recent experience on current behavior has been studied extensively in simple laboratory tasks. We explore the nature of sequential effects in the more naturalistic setting of automobile driving. Driving is a safety-critical task in which delayed response times may have severe consequences. Using a realistic driving simulator, we find…

  4. Driving automation forward : human factors for limited-ability autonomous driving systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    Over the past 100 years, there has been a : steady progression of innovations that : enhance the driving experience, in particular : the continuing trend toward automating more : driving tasks. Human Factors for Limited-Ability : Autonomous Drivin...

  5. Linear step drive

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haniger, L.; Elger, R.; Kocandrle, L.; Zdebor, J.

    1986-01-01

    A linear step drive is described developed in Czechoslovak-Soviet cooperation and intended for driving WWER-1000 control rods. The functional principle is explained of the motor and the mechanical and electrical parts of the drive, power control, and the indicator of position are described. The motor has latches situated in the reactor at a distance of 3 m from magnetic armatures, it has a low structural height above the reactor cover, which suggests its suitability for seismic localities. Its magnetic circuits use counterpoles; the mechanical shocks at the completion of each step are damped using special design features. The position indicator is of a special design and evaluates motor position within ±1% of total travel. A drive diagram and the flow chart of both the control electronics and the position indicator are presented. (author) 4 figs

  6. Hurried driving: Relationship to distress tolerance, driver anger, aggressive and risky driving in college students.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beck, Kenneth H; Daughters, Stacey B; Ali, Bina

    2013-03-01

    Being a hurried driver is associated with a variety of risky driving behaviors, yet the mechanisms underlying this behavior remain unknown. Distress tolerance, defined as an individual's capability to experience and endure negative emotional states, was examined as a predictor of hurried driving among 769 college students. Results indicate that after controlling for age, gender, race, ethnicity, the student's year in school, their grade point average, driving frequency, angry driving, aggressive driving as well as other forms of self-reported risky driving; hurried driving was significantly associated with lower levels of distress tolerance. Hurried drivers also reported greater levels of frustration and impatience with other drivers, suggesting that they have difficulty in withstanding or coping with negative psychological states when driving. Traditional traffic safety campaigns that emphasize enforcement may be less successful with these drivers. The need to develop campaigns that address the affective coping abilities that contribute to this behavioral pattern is discussed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Driving performance at lateral system limits during partially automated driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Naujoks, Frederik; Purucker, Christian; Wiedemann, Katharina; Neukum, Alexandra; Wolter, Stefan; Steiger, Reid

    2017-11-01

    This study investigated driver performance during system limits of partially automated driving. Using a motion-based driving simulator, drivers encountered different situations in which a partially automated vehicle could no longer safely keep the lateral guidance. Drivers were distracted by a non-driving related task on a touch display or driving without an additional secondary task. While driving in partially automated mode drivers could either take their hands off the steering wheel for only a short period of time (10s, so-called 'Hands-on' variant) or for an extended period of time (120s, so-called 'Hands-off' variant). When the system limit was reached (e.g., when entering a work zone with temporary lines), the lateral vehicle control by the automation was suddenly discontinued and a take-over request was issued to the drivers. Regardless of the hands-off interval and the availability of a secondary task, all drivers managed the transition to manual driving safely. No lane exceedances were observed and the situations were rated as 'harmless' by the drivers. The lack of difference between the hands-off intervals can be partly attributed to the fact that most of the drivers kept contact to the steering wheel, even in the hands-off condition. Although all drivers were able to control the system limits, most of them could not explain why exactly the take-over request was issued. The average helpfulness of the take-over request was rated on an intermediate level. Consequently, providing drivers with information about the reason for a system limit can be recommended. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. High-power converters and AC drives

    CERN Document Server

    Wu, Bin

    2017-01-01

    This new edition reflects the recent technological advancements in the MV drive industry, such as advanced multilevel converters and drive configurations. It includes three new chapters, Control of Synchronous Motor Drives, Transformerless MV Drives, and Matrix Converter Fed Drives. In addition, there are extensively revised chapters on Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters and Voltage Source Inverter-Fed Drives. This book includes a systematic analysis on a variety of high-power multilevel converters, illustrates important concepts with simulations and experiments, introduces various megawatt drives produced by world leading drive manufacturers, and addresses practical problems and their mitigations methods.

  9. Driving pleasure and perceptions of the transition from no automation to full self-driving automation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bjørner, Thomas

    2018-01-01

    In this article, I offer a sociological user perspective on increased self-driving automation, which has evolved from a long history associated with automobility. This study explores complex, perceived a priori driving pleasures in different scenarios involving self-driving cars. The methods used...... consisted of 32 in-depth interviews with participants who were given eight video examples (two video examples within four different scenarios) to watch. A numerical rating scales formed parts of the interviews. The findings revealed that driving pleasure when using increasingly automated driving...... technologies is very complex and must be seen within various contexts, including, for example, different speeds, road conditions, purposes, driving distances, and numbers of people in the car. Self-driving cars are not just about technology, increased safety, and better traffic flow, but are also dependent...

  10. A Difficult Journey: Reflections on Driving and Driving Cessation From a Team of Clinical Researchers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liddle, Jacki; Gustafsson, Louise; Mitchell, Geoffrey; Pachana, Nancy A

    2017-02-01

    Recognizing the clinical importance and safety and well-being implications for the population, a multidisciplinary team has been researching older drivers and driving cessation issues for more than 15 years. Using empirical approaches, the team has explored quality of life and participation outcomes related to driving and nondriving for older people and has developed interventions to improve outcomes after driving cessation. The team members represent occupational therapists, medical practitioners, and clinical and neuropsychologists. While building the evidence base for driving- and driving cessation-related clinical practice, the researchers have also had first-hand experiences of interruptions to their own or parents' driving; involvement of older family members in road crashes; and provision of support during family members' driving assessment and cessation. This has led to reflection on their understandings and re-evaluation and refocusing of their perspectives in driving cessation research. This work will share the narratives of the authors and note their developing perspectives and foci within research as well as their clinical practice. Personal reflections have indicated the far-reaching implications for older drivers and family members of involvement in road crashes: the potential for interruptions to driving as a time for support and future planning and the conflicting and difficult roles of family members within the driving cessation process. Overall the lived, personal experience of the authors has reinforced the complex nature of driving and changes to driving status for the driver and their support team and the need for further research and support. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  11. Efficient Driving of Piezoelectric Transducers Using a Biaxial Driving Technique.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel Pichardo

    Full Text Available Efficient driving of piezoelectric materials is desirable when operating transducers for biomedical applications such as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU or ultrasound imaging. More efficient operation reduces the electric power required to produce the desired bioeffect or contrast. Our preliminary work [Cole et al. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 2014;26(13:135901.] suggested that driving transducers by applying orthogonal electric fields can significantly reduce the coercivity that opposes ferroelectric switching. We present here the experimental validation of this biaxial driving technique using piezoelectric ceramics typically used in HIFU. A set of narrow-band transducers was fabricated with two sets of electrodes placed in an orthogonal configuration (following the propagation and the lateral mode. The geometry of the ceramic was chosen to have a resonance frequency similar for the propagation and the lateral mode. The average (± s.d. resonance frequency of the samples was 465.1 (± 1.5 kHz. Experiments were conducted in which each pair of electrodes was driven independently and measurements of effective acoustic power were obtained using the radiation force method. The efficiency (acoustic/electric power of the biaxial driving method was compared to the results obtained when driving the ceramic using electrodes placed only in the pole direction. Our results indicate that the biaxial method increases efficiency from 50% to 125% relative to the using a single electric field.

  12. H1 antihistamines and driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Popescu, Florin Dan

    2008-01-01

    Driving performances depend on cognitive, psychomotor and perception functions. The CNS adverse effects of some H1 antihistamines can alter the patient ability to drive. Data from studies using standardized objective cognitive and psychomotor tests (Choice Reaction Time, Critical Flicker Fusion. Digital Symbol Substitution Test), functional brain imaging (Positron Emission Tomography, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), neurophysiological studies (Multiple Sleep Latency Test, auditory and visual evoked potentials), experimental simulated driving (driving simulators) and real driving studies (the Highway Driving Test, with the evaluation of the Standard Deviation Lateral Position, and the Car Following Test, with the measurement of the Brake Reaction Time) must be discussed in order to classify a H1 antihistamine as a true non-sedating one.

  13. Smartphone Based Approach For Monitoring Inefficient And Unsafe Driving Behavior And Recognizing Drink And Drive Conditions.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. V. Mane

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Many automobile drivers having knowledge of the driving behaviours and habits that can lead to inefficient and unsafe driving. However it is often the case that these same drivers unknowingly manifest these inefficient and unsafe driving behaviours in their everyday driving activity. The proposed system proposes a practical and economical way to capture measure and alert drives of inefficient and unsafe driving as well as highly efficient system aimed at early detection and alert of dangerous vehicle maneuvers typically related to drunk driving. The upcoming solution consists of a mobile application running on a modern smartphone device paired with a compatible OBDII On-board diagnostics II reader.

  14. Driving Competence in Mild Dementia with Lewy Bodies: In Search of Cognitive Predictors Using Driving Simulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stephanie Yamin

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Driving is a multifactorial behaviour drawing on multiple cognitive, sensory, and physical systems. Dementia is a progressive and degenerative neurological condition that impacts the cognitive processes necessary for safe driving. While a number of studies have examined driving among individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, less is known about the impact of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB on driving safety. The present study compared simulated driving performance of 15 older drivers with mild DLB with that of 21 neurologically healthy control drivers. DLB drivers showed poorer performance on all indicators of simulated driving including an increased number of collisions in the simulator and poorer composite indicators of overall driving performance. A measure of global cognitive function (i.e., the Mini Mental State Exam was found to be related to the overall driving performance. In addition, measures of attention (i.e., Useful Field of View, UFOV and space processing (Visual Object and Space Perception, VOSP, Test correlated significantly with a rater’s assessment of driving performance.

  15. Drive transmission system between a driving organ and a receiver organ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guillot, J.F.

    1985-01-01

    The present invention applies to the control rods of a water cooled nuclear reactor. The drive transmission system is disposed on the internal kinematic chain, between the control rod which is the receiver organ, and the driving organ. The control rod translation is obtained from a motion of rotation transformed in a motion of translation by means of a screw-nut system. The present invention prevents from control rod ejection in case of depressurization of the vessel containing the control rod drives or in case of reactor upsetting when it is embarked [fr

  16. Driving things

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nevile, Maurice Richard

    2015-01-01

    I explore how participants organise involvement with objects brought into the car, relative to the demands of driving and social activity. Objects in cars commonly include phones or other technologies, food, body care products, texts, clothing, bags and carry items, toys, and even animals...... 2004, Haddington et al. 2012). I focus here especially on how the practical and interactional work of locating, seeing, placing, handling, hearing, and relinquishing, is ordered and accomplished relative to the emerging and contingent demands of both driving and social participation......, such that involvement with objects is constituted as secondary to driving in a multiactivity setting (e.g. Haddington et al. 2014). We see how events with, for, of, and even by objects can occur as predictable, planned and even designed for (e.g. changing glasses, applying body lotion), or might be unexpected...

  17. Análisis del ataque posicional de balonmano playa masculino y femenino mediante coordenadas polares. [Analysis of positional attack in beach handball male and female with polar coordinates].

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael E. Reigal

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available La presente investigación tiene como objetivo aportar una perspectiva novedosa en la comprensión y diferenciación de las conductas de juego en la fase de ataque posicional en el balonmano playa masculino y femenino. Para ello se analizaron 28 partidos de alto nivel con el programa informático Hoisan. Se utilizó un diseño Observacional de carácter nomotético, de seguimiento y multidimensional con un sistema taxonómico metodológicamente validado. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis de coordenadas polares en su versión genuina. Para llevar a cabo estos análisis se escogieron siete conductas focales relativas, principalmente, a los jugadores que finalizan el ataque y el modo de realizarlo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre las conductas de apareo en la categoría masculina y femenina. Destaca que el ataque posicional en la categoría femenina se orienta hacia zonas de finalización izquierdas ante un sistema defensivo abierto y depende más de la jugadora que adquiere el rol de doble portera (especialista que en la categoría masculina, donde las responsabilidades están más repartidas y el ataque se dirige hacia la banda derecha ante un sistema defensivo cerrado. El lanzamiento en giro se ha mostrado como el principal recurso ofensivo en ambas categorías. Abstract This research aims to provide a new perspective on understanding and differentiation of play behavior in the phase of positional attack in the male and female beach handball. 28 high-level games with Hoisan software were analyzed. The observational design used is nomothetic, monitoring and multidimensional. The taxonomic system has been validated methodologically. Data were subjected to analysis of polar coordinates in its genuine version. To carry out these analyzes on seven focal behaviors were chosen mainly for players who complete the attack and how to create it. The results showed differences in mating behavior in the male and female category. Emphasizes

  18. The impact of therapeutic opioid agonists on driving-related psychomotor skills assessed by a driving simulator or an on-road driving task: A systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferreira, Diana H; Boland, Jason W; Phillips, Jane L; Lam, Lawrence; Currow, David C

    2018-04-01

    Driving cessation is associated with poor health-related outcomes. People with chronic diseases are often prescribed long-term opioid agonists that have the potential to impair driving. Studies evaluating the impact of opioids on driving-related psychomotor skills report contradictory results likely due to heterogeneous designs, assessment tools and study populations. A better understanding of the effects of regular therapeutic opioid agonists on driving can help to inform the balance between individual's independence and community safety. To identify the literature assessing the impact of regular therapeutic opioid agonists on driving-related psychomotor skills for people with chronic pain or chronic breathlessness. Systematic review reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement; PROSPERO Registration CRD42017055909. Six electronic databases and grey literature were systematically searched up to January, 2017. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) empirical studies reporting data on driving simulation, on-the-road driving tasks or driving outcomes; (2) people with chronic pain or chronic breathlessness; and (3) taking regular therapeutic opioid agonists. Critical appraisal used the National Institutes of Health's quality assessment tools. From 3809 records screened, three studies matched the inclusion criteria. All reported data on people with chronic non-malignant pain. No significant impact of regular therapeutic opioid agonists on people's driving-related psychomotor skills was reported. One study reported more intense pain significantly worsened driving performance. This systematic review does not identify impaired simulated driving performance when people take regular therapeutic opioid agonists for symptom control, although more prospective studies are needed.

  19. Effect of consecutive driving on accident risk: a comparison between passenger and freight train driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Hsin-Li; Ju, Lai-Shun

    2008-11-01

    This study combined driver-responsible accidents with on-board driving hours to examine the effect of consecutive driving on the accident risk of train operations. The data collected from the Taiwan Railway Administration for the period 1996-2006 was used to compute accident rates for varied accumulated driving hours for passenger and freight trains. The results showed that accident risk grew with increased consecutive driving hours for both passenger and freight trains, and doubled that of the first hour after four consecutive hours of driving. Additional accident risk was found for freight trains during the first hour due to required shunting in the marshalling yards where there are complex track layouts and semi-automatic traffic controls. Also, accident risk for train driving increased more quickly over consecutive driving hours than for automobile driving, and accumulated fatigue caused by high working pressure and monotony of the working environment are considered to be the part of the reason. To prevent human errors accidents, enhancing safety equipment, driver training programs, and establishing a sound auditing system are suggested and discussed.

  20. Self-driving carsickness

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Diels, C.; Bos, J.E.

    2016-01-01

    This paper discusses the predicted increase in the occurrence and severity of motion sickness in self-driving cars. Self-driving cars have the potential to lead to significant benefits. From the driver's perspective, the direct benefits of this technology are considered increased comfort and

  1. Self-driving carsickness.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Diels, C.; Bos, J.E.

    2016-01-01

    This paper discusses the predicted increase in the occurrence and severity of motion sickness in self-driving cars. Self-driving cars have the potential to lead to significant benefits. From the driver's perspective, the direct benefits of this technology are considered increased comfort and

  2. Antihistamines and driving safety.

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Hanlon, J F

    1988-10-27

    The results of two placebo-controlled driving performance studies confirm laboratory data showing that the nonsedating antihistamine terfenadine does not influence the driving performance of users. The amplitude of vehicle weaving calculated for drivers who received this agent did not differ from control values. Neither terfenadine nor loratadine, another nonsedating antihistamine, potentiated the adverse effects of alcohol on driving performance.

  3. DESIGUALDADES SOCIOECONÓMICAS INTER E INTRARREGIONALES Y POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EN EL SECTOR AGROPECUARIO EN NAYARIT, MÉXICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernández Cruz DA

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available En el marco de los nuevos paradigmas económicos, la implementación de políticas públicas que favorecen la apertura comercial y la transnacionalización de las economías han venido a reconfigurar el espacio y el territorio, creando grandes distinciones entre crecimiento y desarrollo en todo el mundo. México no ha sido la excepción, las políticas neoliberales han profundizado brechas tan grandes, que en el corto periodo no parecen cambiar su rumbo. Para el caso nayarita, el cual durante mucho tiempo fue considerado el granero del país por su vocación agrícola, hoy se ve sumergido en la terciarización, sobre todo, en el desarrollo turístico de sol y playa en la parte sur del Estado. Con amplias extensiones de playa, el gobierno estatal trata de atraer grandes inversiones para su desarrollo. En la presente investigación se analizan las desigualdades intra e interregionales mediante indicadores de pobreza y pobreza extrema, inversión extranjera directa y apoyos directos del Estado en infraestructura, fundamentando el Índice de Gini como principal indicador para los resultados analizados. El argumento central de este trabajo consiste en que la apuesta por el desarrollo regional en Nayarit queda sólo en el papel y en los buenos deseos de sus gobernantes ya que la dinámica del desarrollo en nuestros días se enfoca particularmente al subsector turístico. En ese sentido, la región Costa-Sur del estado es la que más se ha favorecido con inversiones públicas en infraestructura para crear las condiciones necesarias a los megadesarrollos turísticos para su establecimiento, mientras que al resto de las regiones las han dejado a su suerte para su crecimiento y desarrollo, principalmente el que se refiere al sector agropecuario.

  4. Wrong-way driving.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    2006-01-01

    Wrong-way driving is a phenomenon that mainly happens on motorways. Although the number of wrong-way crashes is relatively limited, their consequences are much more severe than the consequences of other motorway injury crashes. The groups most often causing wrong-way driving accidents are young,

  5. Older Drivers' Reasons for Reducing the Overall Amount of Their Driving and for Avoiding Selected Driving Situations

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Meng, Annette; Siren, Anu Kristiina

    2015-01-01

    that the reduction in driving and avoidance of driving situations are separate types of self-regulatory behavior; that self-regulation of driving is an automatic process, in which older drivers are not aware that they are compensating for functional loss; and that it is important to acknowledge gender differences......Structured telephone interviews were conducted with 840 older drivers to explore their reasons for self-regulating their driving. The main reason for reduced driving was having fewer activities to drive to, and for avoidance of driving situations, reasons also included not liking or feeling...

  6. Automobile driving in older adults: factors affecting driving restriction in men and women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marie Dit Asse, Laetitia; Fabrigoule, Colette; Helmer, Catherine; Laumon, Bernard; Lafont, Sylviane

    2014-11-01

    To identify factors associated with driving restriction in elderly men and women. Prospective cohort study of French drivers from 2003 to 2009. The Three-City Cohort of Bordeaux, a prospective study of 2,104 people aged 65 and older. Five hundred twenty-three drivers with a mean age of 76 (273 male, 250 female). Sociodemographic characteristics, driving habits, health variables, cognitive evaluation and dementia diagnosis. Predementia was defined as no dementia at one follow-up and dementia at the next follow-up. Over the 6-year period, 54% of men and 63% of women stopped driving or reduced the distance they drove. Predementia, Parkinson's disease, older age, and a high number of kilometers previously driven were common restriction factors in both sexes. Prevalent dementia, depressive symptomatology, a decline in one or more instrumental activities of daily living, and poor visual working memory were specific factors in men. In women, low income, fear of falling, slow processing speed, and severe decline in global cognitive performance all affected driving restriction. Older women restricted their driving activity more than older men, regardless of the number of kilometers previously driven, physical health, and cognitive status. Factors affecting driving restriction differed according to sex, and women were more likely to stop driving than men in the period preceding a dementia diagnosis. © 2014, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2014, The American Geriatrics Society.

  7. Historia deldel = History of Padel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo resume la historia del deporte deldel. Existen dos versiones sobre el origen deldel. La primera versión relaciona los antecedentes deldel con los de otros deportes de raqueta como el tenis o el bádminton, siendo su origen común el jeu de la paume francés. Posteriormente, surgen variantes en Estados Unidos como el Paddle Tennis y el Platform Tennis, siendo versiones reducidas del tenis, pero con elementos muy comunes al pádel actual. La segunda versión, aprobada por la Federación Internacional de Pádel, afirma que este deporte nació en México, en 1969, a través del empresario Enrique Corcuera.--------------------------------------------------------------------This research summarizes the history of paddle sport. There are two versions about the origin of paddle. The first version relates the history of paddle with other racket sports like tennis or badminton, and its common origin of the Jeu de Paume French. Later, in in the United States, appear two sports called Paddle Tennis and Platform Tennis, which are reduced versions of tennis sport, but these have lot of common characteristics with paddle. The second version, approved by the International Padel Federation, said the sport was born in Mexico in 1969, through the businessman Enrique Corcuera.

  8. El asma bronquial y su asociación con los cambios de tiempo The bronchial asthma and its association with the changes in the weather

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatiana de la Vega Pazitková

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: el clima y el estado del tiempo influyen sobre la salud humana. El asma es una enfermedad psicosomática que constituye un problema de salud mundial, y es conocida la influencia de los factores ambientales en la aparición de las crisis de asma bronquial. OBJETIVOS: determinar los picos máximos de ocurrencia de las crisis de asma bronquial, en el municipio Playa, relacionándolas con los cambios meteorotrópicos. MÉTODOS: se recogió el total de personas que acudieron, diariamente, a los servicios de urgencia de los 9 policlínicos del municipio Playa, por crisis de asma bronquial, según hojas de cargo y reportes de la unidad de análisis y tendencias de salud municipal, entre el 1ro. de enero de 2007 y el 31 de diciembre de 2008. El dato recogido, acerca de la concurrencia de dichos pacientes, se contrastó con la información aportada por los mapas de modelos biometeorológicos. Se confeccionaron gráficos de frecuencia de casos, por día y por mes. Se realizaron intervalos para el histograma, y se ubicaron las diferentes policlínicas de acuerdo con los intervalos de frecuencia con que los pacientes acudieron a recibir los servicios de salud. RESULTADOS: bajo condiciones de hiperoxia atmosférica, la ocurrencia diaria de la enfermedad, mostró un valor igual o superior a 150 % de la media mensual respectiva, por lo que se evidenció una respuesta meteoro-patológica masiva de la población estudiada. CONCLUSIONES: los efectos meteorotrópicos asociados a los cambios bruscos del estado del tiempo pueden provocar impactos deletéreos sobre la salud humana.INTRODUCTION: the climate and the weather state influenced on the human health. The asthma is a psychosomatic disease which is a world health problem and it is known the influence of environmental factors on the appearance of bronchial asthma crises. OBJECTIVES: to determine the occurrence maximal peak of bronchial asthma crises in the Playa municipality relating it to the

  9. Driving with the wandering mind: the effect that mind-wandering has on driving performance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yanko, Matthew R; Spalek, Thomas M

    2014-03-01

    The principal objective of the present work was to examine the effects of mind state (mind-wandering vs. on-task) on driving performance in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Mind-wandering is thought to interfere with goal-directed thought. It is likely, then, that when driving, mind-wandering might lead to impairments in critical aspects of driving performance. In two experiments, we assess the extent to which mind-wandering interferes with responsiveness to sudden events, mean velocity, and headway distance. Using a car-following procedure in a high-fidelity driving simulator, participants were probed at random times to indicate whether they were on-task at that moment or mind-wandering. The dependent measures were analyzed based on the participant's response to the probe. Compared to when on-task, when mind-wandering participants showed longer response times to sudden events, drove at a higher velocity, and maintained a shorter headway distance. Collectively, these findings indicate that mind-wandering affects a broad range of driving responses and may therefore lead to higher crash risk. The results suggest that situations that are likely associated with mind-wandering (e.g., route familiarity) can impair driving performance.

  10. Evolución paleogeográfica de la depresión de Elche-Cuenca del Bajo Segura (España durante el pleistoceno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dabrio, C. J.

    1990-08-01

    el área, no sólo desde el punto de vista litológico sino también en el de dirección de las progradaciones. Es en este momento cuando se genera la Cuenca del Bajo Segura en un área fuertemente subsidente a la que llegan aportes cuarcíticos (de origen bético arrastrados por el Río Segura al mar que los acumuló en forma de fan deltas cuyos depósitos forman los denominados «Conglomerados del Segura» (Goy et. al., 1989 b. En los afloramientos de Rojales y La Zeneta observamos hoy en día sólo las facies más costeras, que constituyen playas progradantes hacia el norte y este cortadas por canales que indican dirección de aportes fundamentales de sentido oeste-este. Por otra parte, al modelarse la Depresión de Elche y la Cuenca del Bajo Segura, las facies proximales y distales de los sistemas de abanicos antiguos quedan definitivamente desligadas unas de otras (Goy y Zazo, 1989.

  11. Harmonic Coupling Analysis of a Multi-Drive System with Slim DC-link Drive

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Yang, Feng; Kwon, Jun Bum; Blaabjerg, Frede

    2017-01-01

    One of the problems with slim dc-link adjustable speed drive is the difficulties to analyze the harmonic coupling when it is integrated into a multi-drive system. The traditional methods analyze this harmonic issue by neglecting the harmonic coupling, and base on the linear time-invariant methods....... Its disadvantages include the time consumption and large computer memory. This paper proposes to do harmonic analysis by using the harmonic state-space modeling method by using the linear time-periodic theory. By using the proposed model, the harmonic couplings, between dc-link and point of common...... coupling in different drives, are all analyzed in the multi-drive system. In the meantime, the effects of the small film dc-link capacitance and the nonlinear characteristic of the diode rectifier are considered. The detailed modeling procedure, the simulations and the lab experiment on a two-drive system...

  12. Method for driving an actuator, actuator drive, and apparatus comprising an actuator

    OpenAIRE

    2010-01-01

    An actuator driver circuit includes a drive signal source and an electrical damping element having a negative resistance connected in series with the drive signal source. A controllable switch is provided for selectively switching the electrical damping element into or put of a signal path from a drive signal source output to a driver circuit output, in order to selectively change the electrical damping of an actuator. For example, the electrical damping of a radial actuator or a focus actuat...

  13. Modeling Driving Behavior at Roundabouts: Impact of Roundabout Layout and Surrounding Traffic on Driving Behavior

    OpenAIRE

    Zhao, Min; Käthner, David; Söffker, Dirk; Jipp, Meike; Lemmer, Karsten

    2017-01-01

    Driving behavior prediction at roundabouts is an important challenge to improve driving safety by supporting drivers with intelligent assistance systems. To predict the driving behavior effciently steering wheel status was proven to have robust predictability based on a Support Vector Machine algorithm. Previous research has not considered potential effects of roundabout layout and surrounding traffic on driving behavior, but that consideration can certainly improve the prediction results....

  14. Métodos de investigación diversos en el estudio de la salud familiar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María T Ortiz Gómez

    1999-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio descriptivo a través del uso de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos de investigación con el objetivo de caracterizar los problemas de salud familiar en la comunidad de Jaimanitas, ubicada en el municipio Playa, de Ciudad de La Habana. Para el análisis cuantitativo se seleccionaron 96 familias a las que se aplicó el instrumento cubano FFSIL y un cuestionario elaborado al efecto. El estudio cualitativo se realiza mediante el modelo del Juicio Grupal Ponderado, que permite indentificar, priorizar y explicar los problemas a través de la participación de cuatro grupos de actores sociales vinculados a la Salud Familiar. Con el empleo de estas técnicas se aprecia la similitud de sus resultados, en tanto se constatan dificultades en el funcionamiento familiar a expensas del divorcio, alcoholismo, problemas de la vivienda y migracionesA descriptive study is conducted by using qualitative and quantitative research methods aimed at characterizing the family health problems in the community of Jaimanitas, located in Playa municipality, in Havana City. 96 families were selected for the quantitative analysis. The FFSIL Cuban instrument and a questionnarie designed to this end were used. The qualitative study is carried out by using the model of Adjusted Group Judgement that allows to identify, give priority and explain the problems through the participation of 4 groups of oficial actors connected with Family Health. On using these technique it is observed that their results are similar. Divorce, drinking, housing problems and migration are among the commones difficulties affecting the family

  15. Can We Study Autonomous Driving Comfort in Moving-Base Driving Simulators? A Validation Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bellem, Hanna; Klüver, Malte; Schrauf, Michael; Schöner, Hans-Peter; Hecht, Heiko; Krems, Josef F

    2017-05-01

    To lay the basis of studying autonomous driving comfort using driving simulators, we assessed the behavioral validity of two moving-base simulator configurations by contrasting them with a test-track setting. With increasing level of automation, driving comfort becomes increasingly important. Simulators provide a safe environment to study perceived comfort in autonomous driving. To date, however, no studies were conducted in relation to comfort in autonomous driving to determine the extent to which results from simulator studies can be transferred to on-road driving conditions. Participants ( N = 72) experienced six differently parameterized lane-change and deceleration maneuvers and subsequently rated the comfort of each scenario. One group of participants experienced the maneuvers on a test-track setting, whereas two other groups experienced them in one of two moving-base simulator configurations. We could demonstrate relative and absolute validity for one of the two simulator configurations. Subsequent analyses revealed that the validity of the simulator highly depends on the parameterization of the motion system. Moving-base simulation can be a useful research tool to study driving comfort in autonomous vehicles. However, our results point at a preference for subunity scaling factors for both lateral and longitudinal motion cues, which might be explained by an underestimation of speed in virtual environments. In line with previous studies, we recommend lateral- and longitudinal-motion scaling factors of approximately 50% to 60% in order to obtain valid results for both active and passive driving tasks.

  16. Potencial del Agua del suelo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bustamante Heliodoro

    1986-12-01

    Full Text Available La energía potencial del agua presenta diferencias de un punto del suelo a otro; esas diferencias son las que originan el movimiento del agua de acuerdo a la tendencia universal de la materia en el sentido de moverse de donde la energía potencial es mayor a donde dicha energía es menor. En el suelo el agua en consecuencia se mueve hacia donde su energía decrece hasta lograr su estado de equilibrio. Se desprende entonces que la cantidad de energía potencial absoluta contenida en el agua, no es importante por sí misma, sino por su relación con la energía en diferentes lugares dentro del suelo. El concepto Potencial de agua del suelo es un criterio para esta energía.

  17. Propuesta de indicadores alternos, a partir de un análisis basado en indicadores convencionales y las asimetrías en municipios turísticos con destinos de sol y playa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reyna María Ibáñez Pérez

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available México se ubica entre las naciones con mayor recepción de turistas, sin embargo, las condiciones asociadas a su desarrollo no son captadas por cifras institucionales. Por ello es necesario generar indicadores alternos para visualizar, bajo otra óptica, sus impactos. En es te trabajo se hace un análisis del comportamiento de variables socioeconómicas y turísticas de cuatro municipios con destinos de sol y playa de la Región Noroeste de México: Los Cabos, Mazatlán, Puerto Peñasco y Ensenada; con la finalidad de detectar difer encias y similitudes durante el periodo comprendido entre 2000 y 2015; así como complementar la información con indicadores alternos aquí propuestos. Para este fin, se utilizaron técnicas cuantitativas como agrupamiento de series de tiempo y estimación de tasas de crecimiento, además de que se empleó el método gráfico y se hizo una exhaustiva revisión de literatura. Los resultados revelaron que, aunque Ensenada contaba con mayor número y tasa de crecimiento de establecimientos de hospedaje, en 2015 presentó la menor cantidad de cuartos y unidades de hospedaje, de turistas, ocupación y estadía promedio; mientras que Los Cabos mantuvo la mayor cantidad y tasa de crecimiento de cuartos, turistas, estadía y ocupación promedio. En lo referente a variables demográ ficas y socioeconómicas, este último municipio mostró la tasa de crecimiento y densidad poblacional más elevada, el IDH más alto y el mayor nivel de remuneraciones. Mazatlán se ubicó en el nivel más bajo de marginación y pobreza, además de que obtuvo el ma yor grado de escolaridad. Esto revela que a largo plazo, no necesariamente el destino con mayores remuneraciones, infraestructura, estadía y ocupación ostentará los más bajos niveles de marginación o pobreza. Con relación a los indicadores propuestos, se c orroboró que el desarrollo turístico genera presiones importantes en el ambiente, ya sea por el incremento en la demanda

  18. Driving styles among young novice drivers--the contribution of parental driving styles and personal characteristics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miller, Gila; Taubman-Ben-Ari, Orit

    2010-03-01

    As part of the effort to ascertain why young drivers are more at risk for car crashes, attention has recently turned to the effects of family, including the intergenerational transmission of driving styles from parents to offspring. The current study sought to further understanding of the nature and aspects of the family influence with the help of Bowen's family systems theory. In Phase 1 of the prospective study, 130 young driving students completed questionnaires tapping personal and personality measures, and their parents completed driving-related instruments. In Phase 2, a year after the young drivers had obtained their driver's license, they were administered the same questionnaires their parents had previously completed. The results show significant correlations between the parents' driving styles and those of their offspring a year after licensure. Furthermore, differentiation of self and self-efficacy in newly acquired driving skills were found to moderate or heighten the similarity between the driving styles of parents and their offspring. For young drivers reporting anxiety in Phase 1, this was associated with a reported anxious driving style a year later. Among young female drivers, anxiety was also associated with a reckless and careless style. Higher sensation seeking was related to higher reckless driving among young male drivers. The findings are discussed in the context of adolescence and the role of the study variables in the development and intergenerational transmission of driving styles. In addition to its theoretical contribution to the realms of intergenerational transmission in general, and young drivers in particular, the study may have practical implications for both family therapy and the design of driving interventions. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Impaired-driving prevalence among US high school students: associations with substance use and risky driving behaviors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Kaigang; Simons-Morton, Bruce G; Hingson, Ralph

    2013-11-01

    We examined the prevalence of impaired driving among US high school students and associations with substance use and risky driving behavior. We assessed driving while alcohol or drug impaired (DWI) and riding with alcohol- or drug-impaired drivers (RWI) in a nationally representative sample of 11th-grade US high school students (n = 2431). We examined associations with drinking and binge drinking, illicit drug use, risky driving, and demographic factors using multivariate sequential logistic regression analysis. Thirteen percent of 11th-grade students reported DWI at least 1 of the past 30 days, and 24% reported RWI at least once in the past year. Risky driving was positively associated with DWI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25; P phone calls (OR = 3.2) while driving. Our findings suggest the need for comprehensive approaches to the prevention of DWI, RWI, and other risky driving behavior.

  20. GRÁFICOS DE CONTROL MULTIVARIANTES PARA EL SEGUIMIENTO DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN LITORAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Fuentes Durá

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available

    La costa este de España sufre periódicamente episodios de proliferación masiva de algas, que provocan graves perjuicios para los sectores turístico y pesquero, e incluso suponen un riesgo sanitario para la población. Este trabajo muestra un método que permite la detección de variaciones significativas en el estado del ecosistema, como cambios en las concentraciones de nutrientes y densidad de fitoplancton. Se expone el uso de gráficos de control estadístico de procesos basados en componentes principales (PC de las variables que se miden regularmente en estas playas. Los PC encontrados facilitan la interpretación de las razones por las que se producen estos episodios. Por otra parte, los gráficos de control propuestos tienen la capacidad de detectar situaciones anómalas que favorecen las proliferaciones masivas, permitiendo un eficaz control medioambiental en estas playas.

  1. Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz

    OpenAIRE

    Furcal-Beriguete, Parménides; Herrera-Barrantes, Alejandra

    2013-01-01

    Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, ...

  2. Effects of chewing gum on driving performance as evaluated by the STISIM driving simulator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoo, Ingyu; Kim, Eun-Joo; Lee, Joo-Hyun

    2015-06-01

    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chewing gum on driving performance in a driving simulator. [Subjects] In total, 26 young licensed drivers participated. [Methods] The driving scenario was typical of an urban environment: a single-carriageway, two-way road consisting of a mix of curved and straight sections, with considerable levels of traffic, pedestrians, and parked cars. Mean distance driven above the speed limit, lane position, mean distance driven across the center line, and mean distance driven off the road were used as estimates of brake, accelerator, and steering control. The results were compared with those of a non-chewing gum control condition. [Results] The driving performance while chewing gum was significantly better: the mean distance driven above the speed limit was 26.61% shorter, and the mean distance driven off the road was 31.99% shorter. Lane position and mean distance driven across the center line did not differ significantly between the two conditions. [Conclusion] Chewing gum appears to enhance driving performance during a sustained attention driving task.

  3. Exploring Forensic Implications of the Fusion Drive

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shruti Gupta

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available This paper explores the forensic implications of Apple's Fusion Drive. The Fusion Drive is an example of auto-tiered storage. It uses a combination of a flash drive and a magnetic drive. Data is moved between the drives automatically to maximize system performance. This is different from traditional caches because data is moved and not simply copied. The research included understanding the drive structure, populating the drive, and then accessing data in a controlled setting to observe data migration strategies. It was observed that all the data is first written to the flash drive with 4 GB of free space always maintained. If data on the magnetic drive is frequently accessed, it is promoted to the flash drive while demoting other information. Data is moved at a block-level and not a file-level. The Fusion Drive didn't alter the timestamps of files with data migration.

  4. Electric Vehicle - Economical driving

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, VCE, Steen V.; Schøn, Henriette

    1999-01-01

    Instruct the reader in getting most satisfaction out of an EV, especially concerning driving and loading.......Instruct the reader in getting most satisfaction out of an EV, especially concerning driving and loading....

  5. CLIC Drive Beam Phase Stabilisation

    CERN Document Server

    Gerbershagen, Alexander; Schulte, Daniel

    The thesis presents phase stability studies for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and focuses in particular on CLIC Drive Beam longitudinal phase stabilisation. This topic constitutes one of the main feasibility challenges for CLIC construction and is an essential component of the current CLIC stabilisation campaign. The studies are divided into two large interrelated sections: the simulation studies for the CLIC Drive Beam stability, and measurements, data analysis and simulations of the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) Drive Beam phase errors. A dedicated software tool has been developed for a step-by-step analysis of the error propagation through the CLIC Drive Beam. It uses realistic RF potential and beam loading amplitude functions for the Drive and Main Beam accelerating structures, complete models of the recombination scheme and compressor chicane as well as of further CLIC Drive Beam modules. The tool has been tested extensively and its functionality has been verified. The phase error propagation at CLIC h...

  6. Two-Phase Induction Motor Drives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gholam Reza Arab Markadeh

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available The lack of variable-speed drives for two (single induction motor is a reality. This article attempts mainly to investigate the reasons for this lack of variable – speed drives. This paper deals with literature survey of various existing converter topologies, which have been proposed for adjustable speed single phase induction motor drives. Various converter topologies have been compared in this paper. Among these converter topologies, the adjustable frequency PWM inverter is the best choice for single-phase induction motor drives. However, adjustable-frequency drives have not been widely used with single-phase Induction motors. The open-loop constant V/F control law cannot be used with the single-phase induction motor drives as it is used with three phase motors. The variation of the operating frequency at lower speed range with constant load torque causes variation in motor's slip. A constant V/F control is suitable only over the upper speed range.

  7. las Zonas Ribereñas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. Granados-Sánchez

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Muchas especies de plantas tienen fuertes asociaciones con las zonas riparias, pues crecen a lo largo de las márgenes del agua. El microclima húmedo de la zona riparia y la humedad del suelo, creados tanto por el afloramiento de agua como por el agua del terreno cercana a la superficie, tiende a hacerlos hábitats favorables para muchos anfibios y algunos mamíferos pequeños. Comenzando en el borde del agua y avanzando progresivamente hacia el interior del bosque, frecuentemente se definen bandas sucesivas de vegetación, mediante cambios muy pequeños en la topografía. Estos ecosistemas tienen muchos atributos que realzan su diversidad biológica: límites, patrones sucesionales, disposición vertical en estratos y microhábitats especiales definidos por sus rasgos físicos. Pececillos de río, ranas y ardillas, algas, platanus, sauces, pinos y encinos, todos ellos prosperan conjuntamente a lo largo de las playas de las corrientes de agua.

  8. Influence of unexpected events on driving behaviour at different hierarchical levels: a driving simulator experiment

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schaap, T.W.; Horst, A.R.A. van der; Arem, B. van

    2008-01-01

    Computer based simulation models of human driving behaviour can be used effectively to model driving and behavioural adaptation to Intelligent Transport System (ITS). This can be a useful step in human centered design of ITS. To construct a comprehensive model of driving behaviour, the interaction

  9. Influence of unexpected events on driving behaviour at different hierarchical levels: A driving simulator experiment

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schaap, Nina; van der Horst, A.R.A.; van Arem, Bart; Brusque, Corinne

    2008-01-01

    Computer based simulation models of human driving behaviour can be used effectively to model driving behaviour and behavioural adaptation to Intelligent Transport System (ITS). This can be a useful step in human centered design of ITS. To construct a comprehensive model of driving behaviour, the

  10. [Driving and health at work].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giorgio, Marie-Thérèse

    2015-09-01

    The role of the occupational physician is to prevent occupational accidents and diseases. Therefore, he is the one to decide if a worker is fit to drive in the context of his professional activity, including in cases where no specific driving license is required (e.g. forklift truck, mobile crane). This decision is an important one, as two thirds of fatal occupational accidents occur on the road. The decision is made on the basis of both a medical examination and the regulation, which indicates all contraindications to driving. The physician's responsibility is involved, as is the employer's, as he must ensure that his employee is fit to drive and possesses a valid driving license at all times. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  11. Turismo, identidad y espacio público en Puerto Vallarta, México. Apuntes sobre tres intervenciones recientes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Alfonso Baños Francia

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Puerto Vallarta es un destino turístico en México caracterizado por su imagen de poblado tradicional en la playa. Recientemente se ha experimentado un descenso en el número de visitantes y una estrategia de reposicionamiento consistió en regenerar espacios públicos emblemáticos para ofertarlos como productos renovados. En la participación se exponen tres intervenciones significativas (Malecón, Muelle y Pasarela inserciones que se alejan del concepto tradicional de identidad arquitectónica y vivencia pública del espacio, recurriendo a la tematización y montaje escenográfico, modelando paisajes homogéneos destinados a cumplir con los imaginarios y deseos de los turistas contemporáneos.

  12. Naturalistic driving observations of manual and visual-manual interactions with navigation systems and mobile phones while driving.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Christoph, M. Nes, N. van & Knapper, A.

    2014-01-01

    This paper discusses a naturalistic driving study on the use of mobile phones and navigation systems while driving. Manual interactions with these devices while driving can cause distraction from the driving task and reduce traffic safety. In this study 21 subjects were observed for 5 weeks. Their

  13. Piezoelectric drive circuit

    Science.gov (United States)

    Treu, C.A. Jr.

    1999-08-31

    A piezoelectric motor drive circuit is provided which utilizes the piezoelectric elements as oscillators and a Meacham half-bridge approach to develop feedback from the motor ground circuit to produce a signal to drive amplifiers to power the motor. The circuit automatically compensates for shifts in harmonic frequency of the piezoelectric elements due to pressure and temperature changes. 7 figs.

  14. Commercial Truck Driver Health and Safety: Exploring Distracted Driving Performance and Self-Reported Driving Skill.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stavrinos, Despina; Heaton, Karen; Welburn, Sharon C; McManus, Benjamin; Griffin, Russell; Fine, Philip R

    2016-08-01

    Reducing distracters detrimental to commercial truck driving is a critical component of improving the safety performance of commercial drivers, and makes the highways safer for all drivers. This study used a driving simulator to examine effects of cell phone, texting, and email distractions as well as self-reported driver optimism bias on the driving performance of commercial truck drivers. Results revealed that more visually demanding tasks were related to poorer driving performance. However, the cell phone task resulted in less off-the-road eye glances. Drivers reporting being "very skilled" displayed poorer driving performance than those reporting being "skilled." Onboard communication devices provide a practical, yet visually and manually demanding, solution for connecting drivers and dispatchers. Trucking company policies should minimize interaction between dispatchers and drivers when the truck is in motion. Training facilities should integrate driving simulators into the instruction of commercial drivers, targeting over-confident drivers. © 2016 The Author(s).

  15. Introducing a multivariate model for predicting driving performance: the role of driving anger and personal characteristics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roidl, Ernst; Siebert, Felix Wilhelm; Oehl, Michael; Höger, Rainer

    2013-12-01

    Maladaptive driving is an important source of self-inflicted accidents and this driving style could include high speeds, speeding violations, and poor lateral control of the vehicle. The literature suggests that certain groups of drivers, such as novice drivers, males, highly motivated drivers, and those who frequently experience anger in traffic, tend to exhibit more maladaptive driving patterns compared to other drivers. Remarkably, no coherent framework is currently available to describe the relationships and distinct influences of these factors. We conducted two studies with the aim of creating a multivariate model that combines the aforementioned factors, describes their relationships, and predicts driving performance more precisely. The studies employed different techniques to elicit emotion and different tracks designed to explore the driving behaviors of participants in potentially anger-provoking situations. Study 1 induced emotions with short film clips. Study 2 confronted the participants with potentially anger-inducing traffic situations during the simulated drive. In both studies, participants who experienced high levels of anger drove faster and exhibited greater longitudinal and lateral acceleration. Furthermore, multiple linear regressions and path-models revealed that highly motivated male drivers displayed the same behavior independent of their emotional state. The results indicate that anger and specific risk characteristics lead to maladaptive changes in important driving parameters and that drivers with these specific risk factors are prone to experience more anger while driving, which further worsens their driving performance. Driver trainings and anger management courses will profit from these findings because they help to improve the validity of assessments of anger related driving behavior. © 2013.

  16. Determinantes del trabajo infantil y la escolaridad: el caso del Valle del Cauca en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastián Urueña Abadía

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Colombia, al igual que la mayoría de países latinoamericanos, consciente de las repercusiones sociales y económicas negativas del trabajo infantil, se ha comprometido en la lucha por la erradicación de este fenómeno. Prueba de ello es la ratificación por parte del gobierno colombiano en el año 2007, del Convenio 182 de la OIT sobre la Prohibición de las Peores Formas de Trabajo Infantil y la Acción Inmediata para su Eliminación. En el plano regional, como parte del Plan de Desarrollo del Departamento del Valle del Cauca 2008-2011, se está implementando actualmente una estrategia territorial de erradicación del trabajo infantil en sus 42 municipios. Considerando este panorama, este trabajo indaga cuáles son los determinantes del trabajo infantil y la escolaridad en el departamento del Valle a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida del año 2003. Para el análisis se emplea un modelo econométrico Probit Bivariado, que permite el estudio conjunto e interrelacionado de decisiones diferentes, en este caso la asistencia escolar y el trabajo.

  17. Fast wave current drive

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goree, J.; Ono, M.; Colestock, P.; Horton, R.; McNeill, D.; Park, H.

    1985-07-01

    Fast wave current drive is demonstrated in the Princeton ACT-I toroidal device. The fast Alfven wave, in the range of high ion-cyclotron harmonics, produced 40 A of current from 1 kW of rf power coupled into the plasma by fast wave loop antenna. This wave excites a steady current by damping on the energetic tail of the electron distribution function in the same way as lower-hybrid current drive, except that fast wave current drive is appropriate for higher plasma densities

  18. Síndrome climatérico asociado a la hipertensión arterial en mujeres de edad mediana Climacteric syndrome associated with arterial hypertension in middle-aged females

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Lugones Botell

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en el Consultorio Médico No. 5 del Policlínico Universitario "26 de Julio" del municipio Playa en el período comprendido desde el 1ro. de abril de 2006 al 30 de junio del propio año. Se inició a partir del análisis del registro de dispensarización, con el objetivo de poder identificar a todas las pacientes hipertensas crónicas esenciales, comprendidas entre las edades de 40 a 59 años. Por cada mujer hipertensa dispensarizada, se seleccionó un control normotensa de igual edad y raza aparente, para de esta forma valorar cómo se presentaban las manifestaciones del síndrome climatérico en ambos grupos. Como criterio de exclusión se estableció lo siguiente: mujeres diabéticas o con complicaciones renales o del sistema nervioso central, con el fin de evitar incorporar mujeres hipertensas de carácter secundario, así como tampoco se incluyeron a aquellas con algún tipo de menopausia artificial. Se concluyó que las manifestaciones del síndrome climatérico estuvieron presentes en ambos grupos, pero con mayor predominio en las mujeres hipertensas, y con diferencias significativas en algunos de los síntomas como la ansiedad, la cefalea, las palpitaciones, la irritabilidad y los calambres.A case-control study was conducted at the Family Physician's Office No. 5 of "26 de Julio" Teaching Polyclinic, in Playa municipality, from April 1 to June 30, 2006. It was started from the analysis of the categorization register aimed at identifying all the chronic essential hypertensive females aged 40-59. Per every categorized hypertensive female, a normotensive control with the same age and apparent race was selected to assess the manifestations of the climacteric syndrome in both groups. Diabetic females or with renal or central nervous system complications were excluded to avoid the incorporation of hypertensive females of secondary character. Those females with some type of artificial menopause were

  19. [Distribution patterns and bioerosion of the sea urchin Centrostephanus coronatus (Diadematoida: Diadematidae), at the reef of Playa Blanca, Colombian Pacific].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Toro-Farmer, Gerardo; Cantera, Jaime R; Londoño-Cruz, Edgardo; Orozco, Carlos; Neira, Raul

    2004-03-01

    Regular sea-urchins are one of the main bioeroding organisms affecting coral reefs around the world. The abundance, distribution and bioerosion rate of the sea-urchin Centrostephanus coronatus, were determined in different reef zones of Playa Blanca fringing reef (Gorgona Island, Colombian pacific coast) during 1997 and 1998. The erosion rates were determined calcinating the gut content of the sea-urchins to eliminate all organic components and preserve the inorganic portion of calcium carbonate. C. coronatus showed the highest densities towards the central zones of the reef (plain-crest and front) (12.4 ind/m2; range 0-48 ind/m2). The highest mean bioerosion rate was 0.103 kgCaCO3/m2/yr in the reef plain-crest (0-0.69 kgCaCO3/m2/yr). In the other zones, (back reef and reef front) the mean bioerosion rates were 0.071 (range 0-0.39) and 0.052 (range 0-0.31) kgCaCO3/m2/yr respectively. According to the present data, it can be seen that the destruction of coralline skeletons, produced in this reef by sea-urchins is rather low, compared with the abrasion caused by these organisms in other places of the world. However, the combined action of C. coronatus and other bioeroding organisms (borers and grazers). along with some adverse environmental factors to corals, can be causing a negative balance between normal processes of reef accretion-destruction in Gorgona Island reefs.

  20. Relationship of impaired-driving enforcement intensity to drinking and driving on the roads.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fell, James C; Waehrer, Geetha; Voas, Robert B; Auld-Owens, Amy; Carr, Katherine; Pell, Karen

    2015-01-01

    It is principally the area of enforcement that offers the greatest opportunity for reducing alcohol-impaired driving in the near future. How much of a reduction in drinking and driving would be achieved by how much improvement in enforcement intensity? We developed logistic regression models to explore how enforcement intensity (6 different measures) related to the prevalence of weekend nighttime drivers in the 2007 National Roadside Survey who had been drinking (blood alcohol concentration [BAC] ≥ 0.00 g/dl), who had BACs ≥ 0.05 g/dl, and who were driving with an illegal BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dl. Drivers on the roads in our sample of 30 communities who were exposed to fewer than 228 traffic stops per 10,000 population aged 18 and older had 2.4 times the odds of being BAC positive, 3.6 times the odds of driving with a BAC ≥ 0.05, and 3.8 times the odds of driving with a BAC ≥ 0.08 compared to those drivers on the roads in communities with more than 1,275 traffic stops per 10,000 population. Drivers on the roads in communities with fewer than 3.7 driving under the influence (DUI) arrests per 10,000 population had 2.7 times the odds of BAC-positive drivers on the roads compared to communities with the highest intensity of DUI arrest activity (>38 DUI arrests per 10,000 population). The number of traffic stops and DUI arrests per capita were significantly associated with the odds of drinking and driving on the roads in these communities. This might reflect traffic enforcement visibility. The findings in this study may help law enforcement agencies around the country adjust their traffic enforcement intensity to reduce impaired driving in their community. Copyright © 2014 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

  1. La superación del modelo del ángel del hogar:

    OpenAIRE

    Hurtado Muñoz, Mónica

    2013-01-01

    La Tesis Doctoral titulada "La superación del modelo del "ángel del hogar". Recuperación de la escritora Leonor Canalejas y Fustegueras (1869-1945)" aborda, en primer lugar, un análisis sociológico de las circunstancias que rodearon a la mujer española en el cambio de siglo en el ámbito social y educativo, en un intento de esclarecer las características propias del contexto en el que la mujer accede a la intelectualidad en general y a la literatura en particular. Esta parte concluye que la cr...

  2. Method for driving an actuator, actuator drive, and apparatus comprising an actuator

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    2010-01-01

    An actuator driver circuit includes a drive signal source and an electrical damping element having a negative resistance connected in series with the drive signal source. A controllable switch is provided for selectively switching the electrical damping element into or put of a signal path from a

  3. Comparing a driving simulator to the real road regarding distracted driving speed

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Knapper, Allert; Christoph, Michiel; Hagenzieker, Marjan; Brookhuis, Karel

    2015-01-01

    Relative and absolute validity of a driving simulator were assessed regarding effects on mean speed and speed variation during distracting secondary tasks, and normal driving. 16 participants drove the same route four times, twice in a simulator and twice in the real world. They performed way

  4. Comparing a driving simulator to the real road regarding distracted driving speed.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Knapper, A. Christoph, M. Hagenzieker, M. & Brookhuis, K.

    2015-01-01

    Relative and absolute validity of a driving simulator were assessed regarding effects on mean speed and speed variation during distracting secondary tasks, and normal driving. 16 participants drove the same route four times, twice in a simulator and twice in the real world. They performed way

  5. Multi-Motor Drives for Crane Application

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MITROVIC, N.

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper focuses on the application of adjustable speed induction motor drives for gantry cranes. Modern solution considers application of frequency converters for all drives. Multi-motor drives are standard solutions in crane application and requirements of load sharing are present. Presented algorithm provides load sharing proportional to the rated motor power on the simple and practically applicable method on the basis of estimated torques by frequency converters, and controller realized in PLC. Special attention is devoted to wide span gantry drive and algorithm for skew elimination. Solutions for load distribution in multi-motor drive, as well as mode of gantry drive skew elimination, are described. Suggested solution concept is confirmed by the experimental results.

  6. Driving Force Filtering and Driving Mechanism Analysis of Urban Agricultural Development in Weifang County, China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SUI Fei-fei

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available As an agricultural nation, the agricultural landscape is the basic appearance and existence in China, but the common existence often be neglected and contempted. As a new type of design and ideology, the development of urban agricultural landscape will greatly affect the texture and structure of the urban space. According to the urban agricultural production data and the socio-economic data of Weifang County, a set of evaluation index system that could analyze quantitatively the driving force of urban agricultural production changes and the internal drive mechanism was built. The original driving force indicators of economy, society, resources and environment from the time-series were chosen, and then 15 driving forces from the original driving forces by correlation analysis and principal component analysis were selected. The degree of influence was analyzed and the driving forces model by means of partial least squares(PLS was built. The results demonstrated that the factors greatly influenced the increase of urban agricultural output value in Weifang County were per capita net income of rural residents, agricultural machinery total power, effective irrigation area, centralized treatment rate of urban sewage, with the driving exponents 0.2509, 0.1019, 0.1655, 0.1332, respectively. The negative influence factor was the use amount of agricultural plastic film and the driving exponent was-0.2146. The research provides a reference for the development of urban agriculture, as well as a reference for the related study.

  7. Evolución geoquímica de las salmueras de las Lagunas de Monegros (Zaragoza, España y análisis del equilibrio de la halita

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gimeno, M. J.

    1992-08-01

    Full Text Available Statistical analysis of geochemical data for brines from La Playa lake (Los Monegros, Zaragoza has shown the existence of sampling-gaps during the whole evaporation process. But trends analysis with polinomial smoothing allow to recognize brine concentration paths and to verify the chemical divide concepto Physicochemical modelling with WATEQ4F and SOLMINEQ.88 for aNa+ and aCl- and halite saturation index determination shows the discrepancies among different approaches for activity coefficients calculations. The final conclusion is that only Pitzer formulation is adequate for this high ionic force waters, but in this case, D extended Debye-Hückel equation is not excessively defficient.El análisis estadístico de los datos geoquímicos de concentración en una serie de muestras recogidas durante un período superior a un año en la laguna de La Playa en Los Monegros (Zaragoza, ha mostrado discontinuidades representativas de la falta de demuestre en la serie evaporativa. Sin embargo, el análisis de tendencias mediante suavizados polinómicos permite reconocer la evolución de las concentraciones y a partir de ellas comprobar la regla de la divisoria química (o de las T al producirse la separación de fases sólidas. El estudio de modelización fisicoquímica por la aplicación de los códigos WATEQ4F Y SOLMINEQ.88 para el análisis de la evolución de las actividades de Na+ y Cl- y el grado de saturación en halita, muestra claramente las diferencias de valores en función del método de cálculo de los coeficientes de actividad. El resultado final es que para estas salmueras, de muy elevadas FI, solamente la utilización de la formulación de Pitzer (en la opción de SOLMINEQ.88 sin especies neutras proporciona una adecuada aproximación a la realidad, si bien la utilización de Debye-Hückel ampliada en D presenta, en este caso concreto, una resolución no excesivamente deficiente.

  8. Wave transmission over permeable submerged breakwaters; Transmision del oleaje en rompeolas sumergidos permeables

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ruiz-y-Zurvia-Flores, Jaime Roberto; Fragoso-Sandoval, Lucio [Instituto Politecnico Nacional(Mexico)

    2008-10-15

    caso de la proteccion de playas turisticas en Mexico. En investigaciones previas, como las de D' Angremond et al. (1996), Seabrook y Hall (1998), y Briganti et al. (2003), las ecuaciones empiricas presentadas proveen informacion limitadas sobre la distribucion espacial de la energia del oleaje sobre la estructura, motivo por el cual se decidio realizar un estudio en modelo fisico reducido de rompeolas sumergidos permeables, fundamentado en los resultados presentados por los investigadores antes citados y con vista a posibles aplicaciones. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo se describe el desarrollo de un estudio de transmision del oleaje sobre rompeolas sumergidos permeables, realizado en un modelo fisico, en el cual se probaron diferentes secciones de rompeolas de tipo trapecial constituidos por enrocamiento. El estudio se efectuo en un canal de oleaje angosto, servido de un sistema generador de oleaje irregular hidraulico controlado por computadora. Este sistema se utilizo para generar y reproducir las condiciones de oleaje irregular requeridas en los ensayos. Para medir y procesar los datos de oleaje del modelo, se dispuso de un olografo con sensores de oleaje resistivos, controlado a traves de un sistema computarizado. El objetivo central del estudio fue determinar experimentalmente la influencia de los diferentes parametros de los rompeolas sumergidos sobre el coeficiente de transmision de oleaje. Asimismo, se compararon nuestros resultados experimentales con los obtenidos con las formulas de D' Angremond et al. (1996), y la de Seabrook y Hall (1998). Los resultados muestran que los parametros de mayor influencia en la transmision del oleaje son la sumergencia relativa y el ancho de corona relativo, y que la formula de Seabrook y Hall responde mejor a lo aqui obtenido.

  9. ECO-DRIVING MODELING ENVIRONMENT

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-11-01

    This research project aims to examine the eco-driving modeling capabilities of different traffic modeling tools available and to develop a driver-simulator-based eco-driving modeling tool to evaluate driver behavior and to reliably estimate or measur...

  10. Driving and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

    OpenAIRE

    Owsley, Cynthia; McGwin, Gerald

    2008-01-01

    This article reviews the research literature on driving and age-related macular degeneration, which is motivated by the link between driving and the quality of life of older adults and their increased collision rate. It addresses the risk of crashes, driving performance, driving difficulty, self-regulation, and interventions to enhance, safety, and considers directions for future research.

  11. Risky driving and lifestyles in adolescence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bina, Manuela; Graziano, Federica; Bonino, Silvia

    2006-05-01

    Several studies have shown that risky driving is especially prevalent among young drivers and recent research has pointed out that driving in adolescence should be investigated in the more general context of adolescent development. The first aim of this contribution was to analyze involvement in risky driving in a normative sample of 645 Italian adolescents, boys and girls, aged 14-17, through a self-report questionnaire. A second aim was to evaluate the association between risky driving and lifestyle, defined as involvement in other health risk behaviors and leisure activities. The main results showed that many adolescents drove cars and motorcycles without the required driving license and the most frequent offences were speeding and failure to maintain a safe braking distance. Gender and age differences were also investigated. Results concerning the association between risky driving and lifestyle showed that risky driving was not an isolated behavior. Boys who displayed risky driving practices were more likely to adopt a lifestyle characterized by high involvement in antisocial behaviors, tobacco smoking, comfort eating and time spent in non-organized activities with friends. Girls involved in risky driving were more likely to be involved in other risk-taking behaviors, antisocial behaviors and drug use.

  12. Erosión en las costas de Costa Rica, un problema de todos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lizano Rodríguez, Omar

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Presenta un análisis de las causas que provocan cambios en el mar y por ende producen erosión a nivel general y en las costas costarricenses, como lo es el cambio climático, el fenómeno de El Niño, mal manejo de cuencas hidrográficas, entre otros. Describe las principales evidencias que han encontrado en las playas del Pacifico y del Mar Caribe del país. Expone una serie de conclusiones It presents an analysis of the causes that provoke changes in the sea and cause general erosion and in the Costa Rican coasts, such as the climate change, El Niño phenomenon, and bad administration of the watersheds, among others. It describes the main evidences found at the Pacific beaches and the Caribbean ocean of the country. It presents a series of conclusions

  13. Driving, brain injury and assistive technology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lane, Amy K; Benoit, Dana

    2011-01-01

    Individuals with brain injury often present with cognitive, physical and emotional impairments which impact their ability to resume independence in activities of daily living. Of those activities, the resumption of driving privileges is cited as one of the greatest concerns by survivors of brain injury. The integration of driving fundamentals within the hierarchical model proposed by Keskinen represents the complexity of skills and behaviors necessary for driving. This paper provides a brief review of specific considerations concerning the driver with TBI and highlights current vehicle technology which has been developed by the automotive industry and by manufacturers of adaptive driving equipment that may facilitate the driving task. Adaptive equipment technology allows for compensation of a variety of operational deficits, whereas technological advances within the automotive industry provide drivers with improved safety and information systems. However, research has not yet supported the use of such intelligent transportation systems or advanced driving systems for drivers with brain injury. Although technologies are intended to improve the safety of drivers within the general population, the potential of negative consequences for drivers with brain injury must be considered. Ultimately, a comprehensive driving evaluation and training by a driving rehabilitation specialist is recommended for individuals with brain injury. An understanding of the potential impact of TBI on driving-related skills and knowledge of current adaptive equipment and technology is imperative to determine whether return-to-driving is a realistic and achievable goal for the individual with TBI.

  14. Decoupling control of steering and driving system for in-wheel-motor-drive electric vehicle

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Han; Zhao, Wanzhong

    2018-02-01

    To improve the maneuverability and stability of in-wheel-motor-drive electric vehicle, a control strategy based on nonlinear decoupling control method is proposed in this paper, realizing the coordinated control of the steering and driving system. At first, the nonlinear models of the in-wheel-motor-drive electric vehicle and its sub-system are constructed. Then the inverse system decoupling theory is applied to decompose the nonlinear system into several independent subsystems, which makes it possible to realize the coordinated control of each subsystem. Next, the μ-Synthesis theory is applied to eliminate the influence of model uncertainty, improving the stability, robustness and tracking performance of in-wheel-motor-drive electric vehicle. Simulation and experiment results and numerical analyses, based on the electric vehicle actuated by in-wheel-motors, prove that the proposed control method is effective to accomplish the decoupling control of the steering and driving system in both simulation and real practice.

  15. Visually impaired drivers who use bioptic telescopes: self-assessed driving skills and agreement with on-road driving evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Owsley, Cynthia; McGwin, Gerald; Elgin, Jennifer; Wood, Joanne M

    2014-01-15

    To compare self-assessed driving habits and skills of licensed drivers with central visual loss who use bioptic telescopes to those of age-matched normally sighted drivers, and to examine the association between bioptic drivers' impressions of the quality of their driving and ratings by a "backseat" evaluator. Participants were licensed bioptic drivers (n = 23) and age-matched normally sighted drivers (n = 23). A questionnaire was administered addressing driving difficulty, space, quality, exposure, and, for bioptic drivers, whether the telescope was helpful in on-road situations. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were assessed. Information on ocular diagnosis, telescope characteristics, and bioptic driving experience was collected from the medical record or in interview. On-road driving performance in regular traffic conditions was rated independently by two evaluators. Like normally sighted drivers, bioptic drivers reported no or little difficulty in many driving situations (e.g., left turns, rush hour), but reported more difficulty under poor visibility conditions and in unfamiliar areas (P Driving exposure was reduced in bioptic drivers (driving 250 miles per week on average vs. 410 miles per week for normally sighted drivers, P = 0.02), but driving space was similar to that of normally sighted drivers (P = 0.29). All but one bioptic driver used the telescope in at least one driving task, and 56% used the telescope in three or more tasks. Bioptic drivers' judgments about the quality of their driving were very similar to backseat evaluators' ratings. Bioptic drivers show insight into the overall quality of their driving and areas in which they experience driving difficulty. They report using the bioptic telescope while driving, contrary to previous claims that it is primarily used to pass the vision screening test at licensure.

  16. Neuropsychological assessment of driving ability and self-evaluation: a comparison between driving offenders and a control group.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zingg, Christina; Puelschen, Dietrich; Soyka, Michael

    2009-12-01

    The relationship between performance in neuropsychological tests and actual driving performance is unclear and results of studies on this topic differ. This makes it difficult to use neuropsychological tests to assess driving ability. The ability to compensate cognitive deficits plays a crucial role in this context. We compared neuropsychological test results and self-evaluation ratings between three groups: driving offenders with a psychiatric diagnosis relevant for driving ability (mainly alcohol dependence), driving offenders without such a diagnosis and a control group of non-offending drivers. Subjects were divided into two age categories (19-39 and 40-66 years). It was assumed that drivers with a psychiatric diagnosis relevant for driving ability and younger driving offenders without a psychiatric diagnosis would be less able to adequately assess their own capabilities than the control group. The driving offenders with a psychiatric diagnosis showed poorer concentration, reactivity, cognitive flexibility and problem solving, and tended to overassess their abilities in intelligence and attentional functions, compared to the other two groups. Conversely, younger drivers rather underassessed their performance.

  17. Drunk driving among novice drivers, possible prevention with additional psychological module in driving school curriculum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eensoo, Diva; Paaver, Marika; Harro, Jaanus

    2011-01-01

    Road traffic collisions caused by drunk driving pose a significant public health problem all over the world. Therefore additional preventive activities against drunk driving should be worked out. The aim of the study was to assess drunk driving in novice drivers after a psychological intervention taking into account also impulsivity, law obedience, and alcohol-related measures. An intervention study was started with 1889 car driver's license attempters during their driving school studies. Subjects were classified as intervention group (n=1083, mean age 23.1 (SD=7.4) years), control group (n=517, mean age 22.8 (SD=7.1) years) and "lost" group (n=289, mean age 23.0 (SD=6.9) years). "Lost" group subjects had been assigned into the intervention group, but they did not participate in the intervention. Subjects of the intervention group participated in a psychological intervention on the dangers of impulsive behavior in traffic. After a three year follow-up period it appeared that in the control group and in the lost group there was a significantly higher proportion of drunk drivers than in the intervention group, 3.3% (n=17), 3.5% (n=10) and 1.5% (n=10) (p=0.026), respectively. Survival analysis confirmed that psychological intervention had a significant impact on drunk driving (p=0.015), and the impact of the intervention was persistent also in the case of higher scores in Mild social deviance. In subjects with higher scores in impulsivity measures and alcohol-related problems the impact of short psychological intervention was not sufficient for preventing drunk driving. It can be concluded that psychological intervention used during the driving school studies is an effective primary prevention activity against drunk driving. However, for drivers with high scores in impulsivity measures and alcohol-related problems, the short psychological intervention is not sufficient in reducing drunk driving behavior.

  18. In Patients with Cirrhosis, Driving Simulator Performance is Associated With Real-life Driving

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lauridsen, Mette Enok Munk; Thacker, Leroy R; White, Melanie B

    2016-01-01

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has been linked to higher real-life rates of automobile crashes and poor performance in driving simulation studies, but the link between driving simulator performance and real-life automobile crashes has not been clearly established. Further......, not all patients with MHE are unsafe drivers, but it is unclear how to distinguish them from unsafe drivers. We investigated the link between performance on driving simulators and real-life automobile accidents and traffic violations. We also aimed to identify features of unsafe drivers with cirrhosis...... and evaluated changes in simulated driving skills and MHE status after 1 year. METHODS: We performed a study of outpatients with cirrhosis (n=205; median 55 years old; median model for end-stage liver disease score, 9.5; none with overt hepatic encephalopathy or alcohol or illicit drug use within previous 6...

  19. Testing device for control rod drives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayakawa, Toshifumi.

    1992-01-01

    A testing device for control rod drives comprises a logic measuring means for measuring an output signal from a control rod drive logic generation circuit, a control means for judging the operation state of a control rod and a man machine interface means for outputting the result of the judgement. A driving instruction outputted from the control rod operation device is always monitored by the control means, and if the operation instruction is stopped, a testing signal is outputted to the control rod control device to simulate a control rod operation. In this case, the output signal of the control rod drive logic generation circuit is held in a control rod drive memory means and intaken into a logic analysis means for measurement and an abnormality is judged by the control means. The stopping of the control rod drive instruction is monitored and the operation abnormality of the control rod is judged, to mitigate the burden of an operator. Further, the operation of the control rod drive logic generation circuit can be confirmed even during a nuclear plant operation by holding the control rod drive instruction thereby enabling to improve maintenance efficiency. (N.H.)

  20. Diplopia and driving: a problematic issue.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Righi, Stefano; Boffano, Paolo; Guglielmi, Valeria; Rossi, Paolo; Martorina, Massimo

    2014-10-01

    The aim of this article was to review the literature regarding diplopia and driving license and to review the West European legislations about this topic, in order to obtain appropriate indications for hospitals specialists and patients. A systematic review of articles published about diplopia and driving was performed. In addition a review of West European national legislations about driving license regulations for medical illnesses was performed, in addition to the European Union Directive on driving licenses. In the literature, the presence of diplopia has not been considered a reliable predictor of the safety of driving behavior, or it has not appeared to be a contraindication for driving according to some authors who were unable to demonstrate significant differences on driving simulator performance between subjects with chronic stable diplopia and control subjects. Nevertheless, in all western European legislations, acute diplopia constitutes an important limitation for driving, thus making the knowledge of current regulations fundamental for specialists involved in managing patients with diplopia. Ophthalmologists and maxillofacial/head and neck surgeons, may advise patients before hospital discharge about current legislations in their respective countries. Copyright © 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Tendencias y perspectivas del turismo de sol y playa en Marruecos. El caso de la región Tánger-Tetuán

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López Sánchez, José Antonio

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available The aim pursued in this paper is to analyze the tourism activity of the region Tangier- Tetouan in Morocco. In addition to the study of the main available variables statistics for the region, a fieldwork has been carried out in the framework of an extensive research project on sustainable tourism, called Ibn Battouta. The values of the region have been compared with the values of other nearby areas in the Strait of Gibraltar. As a result of the analysis performed, the tourist potential of the region has been confirmed, including the sun and beach tourism. The current global situation has raised a number of questions and queries about the tendency of this activity in Morocco. Moroccan government has clearly opted for schemes —such as the called Plan Azur— for the sector. The development of the tourism activity should also be accompanied by improving environmental parameters that have been affected by some of the actions taken in the coast of Tangier-Tetouan Region.

    Este artículo pretende analizar la actividad turística en la región Tánger-Tetuán en Marruecos. Además del estudio de las principales variables estadísticas disponibles en la zona, se ha realizado un trabajo de campo enmarcado dentro de un proyecto de investigación más amplio sobre turismo sostenible denominado Ibn Battouta. Se comparan los valores de la región con otras áreas cercanas dentro del estrecho de Gibraltar. En este análisis se constata el potencial turístico de la región. El gobierno marroquí ha apostado de forma evidente por el sector con planes como el “Plan Azur”. Su desarrollo debe ir paralelo a la mejora de los parámetros medioambientales que se han visto afectados por algunas de las actuaciones realizadas en la costa de dicha región. [fr] Cet article analyse l'activité touristique dans la région Tanger-Tétouan au Maroc. En outre l'étude des principales variables statistiques dans la zone, nous avons réalisé en travail sur le

  2. Prevalencia de sífilis congénita en tres hospitales públicos de Baja California, México, 2012-2015

    OpenAIRE

    Jorge Luis Arellano-Estrada; Cinthia Selene López-Lara; Erendida Barreras-Valenzuela

    2017-01-01

    Señor editor: Presentamos los resultados de un estudio descriptivo con base en datos de estudio epidemiológico (EE) de caso para sífilis congénita (SC). El formato contiene antecedentes, síntomas, evolución y asociación con factores de riesgo (FR) del binomio madre-hijo. El análisis se basa en identificar la prevalencia de SC en los Hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud (SSa) de los municipios de Tijuana, Playas de Rosarito y Tecate, Baja California, de 2012 a 2015.

  3. Nuevos registros de hongos marinos en el litoral sur de Guantánamo, Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Samón Legrá, E.; Enríquez Lavandera, D.

    2010-01-01

    Por primera vez se realizó la identificación de hongos marinos filamentosos aislados en cuatro playas del litoral sur de la provincia de Guantánamo, Cuba. Para el aislamiento de los hongos se empleó el método indirecto de incubación de sustratos vegetales en cámara húmeda. Se describieron 25 especies de hongos marinos: 18 ascomicetes, seis hongos mitospóricos y un basidiomiceto. De las especies descritas, seis constituyen nuevos registros para el país. Con estos resultados, el número total de...

  4. Estudio de los impactos socioculturales de la actividad turística y su incidencia sobre la comuna montañita

    OpenAIRE

    Coronel A., Lidice; Marquez A., Maria De Los Angeles; Ricaurte Quijano, Carla

    2009-01-01

    Se dice que el turismo es el futuro y que puede sacar adelante a un país, aclaración cierta, ya que el turismo tiene una gran capacidad de generar empleos o ingresos. Montañita se ha convertido en lugar de residencia para muchos turistas extranjeros que han sido cautivados por sus playas y paisajes, entre ellos jóvenes surfistas. Algunos de ellos han montando negocios como hoteles y restaurantes de estilo rústico principalmente en el centro del pueblo. Hoy en día el público predominante qu...

  5. Nuevos materiales para la especiación de mercurio: biotransformación de metales en organismos modelo

    OpenAIRE

    Zarco Fernández, Sonia

    2016-01-01

    La contaminación medioambiental representa un problema de gran importancia en la actualidad. Estamos acostumbrados a escuchar por los medios de comunicación los numerosos casos que suceden a nuestro alrededor: la contaminación de ríos, lagos o playas por vertidos residuales; la contaminación de los suelos por utilización indebida de ciertos fertilizantes o por las actividades mineras de la zona; o la contaminación del aire ocasionada por el masivo número de automóviles y zonas industriales en...

  6. Risky driving behaviors in Tehran, Iran.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shams, Mohsen; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa

    2009-03-01

    Iran has one of the highest fatality rates due to road traffic crashes (RTC) in the world. The disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for RTC in Iran is more than 1,300,000 years, which is more than that for any other disease such as cardiovascular or cancer. We evaluated risky driving behaviors in Tehran, the capital of Iran. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on the data obtained from the Tehran Police Safety Driving Department. Offenses and crashes were studied in different municipal districts in Tehran from March 2006 to March 2007. The inclusion criteria were risky driving behaviors fined by the police. Nonbehavioral offences were excluded. There were 3,821,798 offenses in Tehran. Not wearing a seat belt was the most common (59%) example of risky driving behavior, followed by tailgating, not wearing motorcycle helmets, talking on the cell phone while driving, overtaking from the wrong side, speeding, not driving between the lanes, weaving in and out of traffic, left deviation, and changing lanes without signals. The most common causes of RTC in Tehran are speeding, overtaking from the wrong side, and the rapid changing of driving lanes. The study factors effective in preventing risky driving behaviors in Tehran is recommended. The consideration of specific characteristics of the municipal districts is necessary to reduce risky driving behaviors.

  7. Driving patterns in older adults with glaucoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Landingham, Suzanne W; Hochberg, Chad; Massof, Robert W; Chan, Emilie; Friedman, David S; Ramulu, Pradeep Y

    2013-02-21

    The ability to drive is important for ensuring quality of life for many older adults. Glaucoma is prevalent in this age group and may affect driving. The purpose of this study is to determine if glaucoma and glaucomatous visual field (VF) loss are associated with driving cessation, limitations, and deference to another driver in older adults. Cross-sectional study. Eighty-one glaucoma subjects and 58 glaucoma suspect controls between age 60 and 80 reported if they had ceased driving, limited their driving in various ways, or preferred another to drive. Twenty-three percent of glaucoma subjects and 6.9% of suspects had ceased driving (p = 0.01). Glaucoma subjects also had more driving limitations than suspects (2.0 vs. 1.1, p = 0.007). In multivariable models, driving cessation was more likely for glaucoma subjects as compared to suspects (OR = 4.0; 95% CI = 1.1-14.7; p = 0.03). The odds of driving cessation doubled with each 5 decibel (dB) decrement in the better-eye VF mean deviation (MD) (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.4-2.9; p driving limitations (OR = 4.7; 95% CI = 1.3-16.8; p = 0.02). The likelihood of reporting more limitations increased with the VF loss severity (OR = 1.6 per 5 dB decrement in the better-eye VF MD; 95% CI = 1.1-2.4; p = 0.02). Neither glaucoma nor VF MD was associated with other driver preference (p > 0.1 for both). Glaucoma and glaucomatous VF loss are associated with greater likelihood of driving cessation and greater limitation of driving in the elderly. Further prospective study is merited to assess when and why people with glaucoma change their driving habits, and to determine if their observed self-regulation of driving is adequate to ensure safety.

  8. Perceptual and Cognitive Impairments and Driving

    Science.gov (United States)

    Korner-Bitensky, Nicol; Coopersmith, Henry; Mayo, Nancy; Leblanc, Ginette; Kaizer, Franceen

    1990-01-01

    Perceptual and cognitive disorders that frequently accompany stroke and head injury influence an individual's ability to drive a motor vehicle. Canadian physicians are legally responsible for identifying patients who are potentially unsafe to drive and, if they fail to do so, may be held liable in a civil action suit. The authors review the guidelines for physicians evaluating a patient's fitness to drive after brain injury. They also examine the actions a physician should take when a patient with perceptual and cognitive problems wants to drive. Ultimately, by taking these actions, physicians will help to prevent driving accidents. PMID:21234047

  9. Culturas del Mundo

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Benwell, Ann Fenger; Costa, Alberto; Waehle, Espen

    2006-01-01

    ’Culturas del mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca’ with Ann Fenger Benwell in Culturas del Mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. Silvia Sauquet, Fundación "la Caixa", Barcelona 2006, pp. 31-39......’Culturas del mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca’ with Ann Fenger Benwell in Culturas del Mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. Silvia Sauquet, Fundación "la Caixa", Barcelona 2006, pp. 31-39...

  10. Analysis of Vehicle Steering and Driving Bifurcation Characteristics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xianbin Wang

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The typical method of vehicle steering bifurcation analysis is based on the nonlinear autonomous vehicle model deriving from the classic two degrees of freedom (2DOF linear vehicle model. This method usually neglects the driving effect on steering bifurcation characteristics. However, in the steering and driving combined conditions, the tyre under different driving conditions can provide different lateral force. The steering bifurcation mechanism without the driving effect is not able to fully reveal the vehicle steering and driving bifurcation characteristics. Aiming at the aforementioned problem, this paper analyzed the vehicle steering and driving bifurcation characteristics with the consideration of driving effect. Based on the 5DOF vehicle system dynamics model with the consideration of driving effect, the 7DOF autonomous system model was established. The vehicle steering and driving bifurcation dynamic characteristics were analyzed with different driving mode and driving torque. Taking the front-wheel-drive system as an example, the dynamic evolution process of steering and driving bifurcation was analyzed by phase space, system state variables, power spectral density, and Lyapunov index. The numerical recognition results of chaos were also provided. The research results show that the driving mode and driving torque have the obvious effect on steering and driving bifurcation characteristics.

  11. Low backlash direct drive actuator

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuklo, Thomas C.

    1994-01-01

    A low backlash direct drive actuator is described which comprises a motor such as a stepper motor having at least 200 steps per revolution; a two part hub assembly comprising a drive hub coaxially attached to the shaft of the motor and having a plurality of drive pins; a driven hub having a plurality of bores in one end thereof in alignment with the drive pins in the drive hub and a threaded shaft coaxially mounted in an opposite end of the driven hub; and a housing having a central bore therein into which are fitted the drive hub and driven hub, the housing having a motor mount on one end thereof to which is mounted the stepper motor, and a closed end portion with a threaded opening therein coaxial with the central bore in the housing and receiving therein the threaded shaft attached to the driven hub. Limit switches mounted to the housing cooperate with an enlarged lip on the driven hub to limit the lateral travel of the driven hub in the housing, which also acts to limit the lateral travel of the threaded shaft which functions as a lead screw.

  12. Continuing to drive while sleepy: the influence of sleepiness countermeasures, motivation for driving sleepy, and risk perception.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watling, Christopher N; Armstrong, Kerry A; Obst, Patricia L; Smith, Simon S

    2014-12-01

    Driver sleepiness is a major contributor to road crashes. The current study sought to examine the association between perceptions of effectiveness of six sleepiness countermeasures and their relationship with self-reports of continuing to drive while sleepy among 309 drivers after controlling for the influence of age, sex, motivation for driving sleepy, and risk perception of sleepy driving. The results demonstrate that the variables of age, sex, motivation, and risk perception were significantly associated with self-reports of continuing to drive while sleepy and only one countermeasure was associated with self-reports of continuing to drive while sleepy. Further, it was found that age differences in self-reports of continuing to drive while sleepy was mediated by participants' motivation and risk perception. These findings highlight modifiable factors that could be focused on with interventions that seek to modify drivers' attitudes and behaviours of driving while sleepy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Driving error and anxiety related to iPod mp3 player use in a simulated driving experience.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harvey, Ashley R; Carden, Randy L

    2009-08-01

    Driver distraction due to cellular phone usage has repeatedly been shown to increase the risk of vehicular accidents; however, the literature regarding the use of other personal electronic devices while driving is relatively sparse. It was hypothesized that the usage of an mp3 player would result in an increase in not only driving error while operating a driving simulator, but driver anxiety scores as well. It was also hypothesized that anxiety scores would be positively related to driving errors when using an mp3 player. 32 participants drove through a set course in a driving simulator twice, once with and once without an iPod mp3 player, with the order counterbalanced. Number of driving errors per course, such as leaving the road, impacts with stationary objects, loss of vehicular control, etc., and anxiety were significantly higher when an iPod was in use. Anxiety scores were unrelated to number of driving errors.

  14. Implicit attitudes towards risky and safe driving

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Martinussen, Laila Marianne; Sømhovd, Mikael Julius; Møller, Mette

    ; further, self-reports of the intention to drive safely (or not) are socially sensitive. Therefore, we examined automatic preferences towards safe and risky driving with a Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT). The results suggest that (1) implicit attitudes towards driving behavior can be measured reliably...... with the GNAT; (2) implicit attitudes towards safe driving versus towards risky driving may be separable constructs. We propose that research on driving behavior may benefit from routinely including measures of implicit cognition. A practical advantage is a lesser susceptibility to social desirability biases......, compared to self-report methods. Pending replication in future research, the apparent dissociation between implicit attitudes towards safe versus risky driving that we observed may contribute to a greater theoretical understanding of the causes of unsafe and risky driving behavior....

  15. Comparison of Unsafe Driving Across Medical Conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moon, Sanghee; Ranchet, Maud; Tant, Mark; Akinwuntan, Abiodun E; Devos, Hannes

    2017-09-01

    To compare risks of unsafe driving in patients with medical conditions. This large population-based study included all patients who were referred for a fitness-to-drive evaluation at an official driving evaluation center in 2013 and 2014. Risks of unsafe driving included physician's fitness-to-drive recommendation, comprehensive fitness-to-drive decision, motor vehicle crash history, and traffic violation history. A total of 6584 patients were included in the study. Risks of unsafe driving were significantly different across medical conditions (Pdriving. Patients with psychiatric conditions or substance abuse did worse on most driving safety outcomes, despite their low representation in the total sample (359 [6%] and 46 [1%], respectively). The risk of unsafe driving varied greatly across medical conditions. Sensitization campaigns, education, and medical guidelines for physicians and driver licensing authorities are warranted to identify patients at risk, especially for those with psychiatric conditions and substance abuse problems. Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. La experiencia de la guerra en la pantalla: el desembarco en la playa de Omaha de Saving Private Ryan

    OpenAIRE

    Montero-Díaz, Julio; Fernández-Ramírez, Laura

    2015-01-01

    El cine de Hollywood ha dado un testimonio informal de las guerras, particularmente de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Saving Private Ryan (Steven Spielberg, 1998) rompió el modelo naturalista y romántico del subgénero. Se basó en el testimonio de los veteranos de guerra y se orientó no hacia el desarrollo de una operación bélica, sino a la reproducción hiperrealista del combate y la cotidianidad de la guerra. Dio forma audiovisual a una memoria y experiencia individuales, las del veterano, que ha...

  17. Effects of chewing gum on driving performance as evaluated by the STISIM driving simulator

    OpenAIRE

    Yoo, Ingyu; Kim, Eun-Joo; Lee, Joo-Hyun

    2015-01-01

    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chewing gum on driving performance in a driving simulator. [Subjects] In total, 26 young licensed drivers participated. [Methods] The driving scenario was typical of an urban environment: a single-carriageway, two-way road consisting of a mix of curved and straight sections, with considerable levels of traffic, pedestrians, and parked cars. Mean distance driven above the speed limit, lane position, mean distance driven across...

  18. Correlates of Marijuana Drugged Driving and Openness to Driving While High: Evidence from Colorado and Washington.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kevin C Davis

    Full Text Available A potential unintended consequence of legalizing recreational marijuana is increased marijuana-related driving impairment. Some states where recreational marijuana is legal have begun implementing interventions to mitigate driving under the influence (DUI of marijuana, including media campaigns to increase knowledge about DUI laws. However, little is known about the associations between knowledge of DUI laws and marijuana DUI behavior. In this study, we provide new data from a survey of marijuana users in Colorado and Washington to examine associations between marijuana drugged driving and two potential behavioral precursors of marijuana DUI. We also explore other factors that may influence marijuana DUI.Data are from an online survey of marijuana users in Colorado and Washington. Respondents who reported any marijuana use in the past 30 days (n = 865 served as the analytic sample. We examined prevalence of two behavioral outcomes: (1 any driving of a motor vehicle while high in the past year and (2 driving a motor vehicle within 1 hour of using marijuana 5 or more times in the past month. Additional outcomes measuring willingness to drive while high were also assessed. Logistic regressions were used to estimate each outcome as a function of two multi-item scales measuring knowledge of the legal consequences of driving high and perceptions that driving while high is not safe. Additional covariates for potential confounders were included in each model.Prevalence of past-year driving while under the influence of marijuana was 43.6% among respondents. The prevalence of driving within 1 hour of using marijuana at least 5 times in the past month was 23.9%. Increased perception that driving high is unsafe was associated with lower odds of past-year marijuana DUI (OR = 0.31, P < 0.01 and lower past-month odds of driving 5 or more times within 1 hour of using marijuana (OR = 0.26, P < 0.01. Increased knowledge of marijuana DUI laws was also associated

  19. German taxi drivers' experiences and expressions of driving anger: Are the driving anger scale and the driving anger expression inventory valid measures?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brandenburg, Stefan; Oehl, Michael; Seigies, Kristin

    2017-11-17

    The objective of this article was 2-fold: firstly, we wanted to examine whether the original Driving Anger Scale (DAS) and the original Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) apply to German professional taxi drivers because these scales have previously been given to professional and particularly to nonprofessional drivers in different countries. Secondly, we wanted to examine possible differences in driving anger experience and expression between professional German taxi drivers and nonprofessional German drivers. We applied German versions of the DAS, the DAX, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) to a sample of 138 professional German taxi drivers. We then compared their ratings to the ratings of a sample of 1,136 nonprofessional German drivers (Oehl and Brandenburg n.d. ). Regarding our first objective, confirmatory factor analysis shows that the model fit of the DAS is better for nonprofessional drivers than for professional drivers. The DAX applies neither to professional nor to nonprofessional German drivers properly. Consequently, we suggest modified shorter versions of both scales for professional drivers. The STAXI applies to both professional and nonprofessional drivers. With respect to our second objective, we show that professional drivers experience significantly less driving anger than nonprofessional drivers, but they express more driving anger. We conclude that the STAXI can be applied to professional German taxi drivers. In contrast, for the DAS and the DAX we found particular shorter versions for professional taxi drivers. Especially for the DAX, most statements were too strong for German drivers to agree to. They do not show behaviors related to driving anger expression as they are described in the DAX. These problems with the original American DAX items are in line with several other studies in different countries. Future investigations should examine whether (professional) drivers from further countries express their anger

  20. Hypnotics and driving safety: meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials applying the on-the-road driving test.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verster, Joris C; Veldhuijzen, Dieuwke S; Patat, Alain; Olivier, Berend; Volkerts, Edmund R

    2006-01-01

    Many people who use hypnotics are outpatients and are likely to drive a car the day after drug intake. The purpose of these meta-analyses was to determine whether or not this is safe. Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trials were selected if using the on-the-road driving test to determine driving ability the day following one or two nights of treatment administration. Primary outcome measure of the driving test was the Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP); i.e., the weaving of the car. Fixed effects model meta-analyses were performed. Effect size (ES) was computed using mean standardized (weighted) difference scores between treatment and corresponding placebo SDLP values. Ten studies, published from 1984 to 2002 (207 subjects), were included in the meta-analyses. The morning following bedtime administration, i.e. 10-11 hours after dosing, significant driving impairment was found for the recommended dose of various benzodiazepine hypnotics (ES=0.42; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=0.14 to 0.71). Twice the recommended dose impaired driving both in the morning (ES=0.68; CI=0.39 to 0.97) and afternoon, i.e. 16-17 hours after dosing (ES=0.57; CI=0.26 to 0.88). Zopiclone 7.5 mg also impaired driving in the morning (ES=0.89; CI=0.54 to 1.23). Zaleplon (10 and 20 mg) and zolpidem (10 mg) did not affect driving performance the morning after dosing. Following middle-of-the-night administration, significantly impaired driving performance was found for zopiclone 7.5 mg (ES=1.51, CI=0.85 to 2.17), zolpidem 10 mg (ES=0.66, CI=0.13 to 1.19) and zolpidem 20 mg (ES=1.16, CI=0.60 to 1.72). Zaleplon (10 and 20 mg) did not affect driving performance. The analyses show that driving a car the morning following nocturnal treatment with benzodiazepines and zopiclone is unsafe, whereas the recommended dose of zolpidem (10 mg) and zaleplon (10 mg) do not affect driving ability.

  1. Fundamentals of electrical drives

    CERN Document Server

    Veltman, André; De Doncker, Rik W

    2007-01-01

    Provides a comprehensive introduction to various aspects of electrical drive systems. This volume provides a presentation of dynamic generic models that cover all major electrical machine types and modulation/control components of a drive as well as dynamic and steady state analysis of transformers and electrical machines.

  2. Pilot Efficacy of a DriveFocus™ Intervention on the Driving Performance of Young Drivers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana Alvarez

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for youth between the ages of 15 and 29 around the world. A need remains for evidence-based interventions that can improve the underlying skills of young drivers, including hazard perception and anticipation. This pilot study investigated the preliminary impact of a six session DriveFocus™ intervention on the ability of young novice drivers (mean age = 18.6, SD = 2.12 to detect (visual scanning, and respond (adjustment to stimuli to critical roadway information. Using a CDS-200 DriveSafety™ simulator, drives were recorded and sent to a blinded evaluator (occupational therapist, who scored the recorded drives for number and type (visual scanning and adjustment to stimuli of errors. We observed a statistically significant decline in the number of visual scanning [t(34 = 2.853, p = 0.007], adjustment to stimuli [t(34 = 3.481, p = 0.001], and total driving errors [t(34 = 3.481, p = 0.002], among baseline and post-test 2.

  3. The prosocial and aggressive driving inventory (PADI): a self-report measure of safe and unsafe driving behaviors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harris, Paul B; Houston, John M; Vazquez, Jose A; Smither, Janan A; Harms, Amanda; Dahlke, Jeffrey A; Sachau, Daniel A

    2014-11-01

    Surveys of 1217 undergraduate students supported the reliability (inter-item and test-retest) and validity of the Prosocial and Aggressive Driving Inventory (PADI). Principal component analyses on the PADI items yielded two scales: Prosocial Driving (17 items) and Aggressive Driving (12 items). Prosocial Driving was associated with fewer reported traffic accidents and violations, with participants who were older and female, and with lower Boredom Susceptibility and Hostility scores, and higher scores on Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness, and Neuroticism. Aggressive Driving was associated with more frequent traffic violations, with female participants, and with higher scores on Competitiveness, Sensation Seeking, Hostility, and Extraversion, and lower scores on Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness. The theoretical and practical implications of the PADI's dual focus on safe and unsafe driving are discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Naturalistic drive cycle synthesis for pickup trucks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Zifan; Ivanco, Andrej; Filipi, Zoran

    2015-09-01

    Future pick-up trucks are meeting much stricter fuel economy and exhaust emission standards. Design tradeoffs will have to be carefully evaluated to satisfy consumer expectations within the regulatory and cost constraints. Boundary conditions will obviously be critical for decision making: thus, the understanding of how customers are driving in naturalistic settings is indispensable. Federal driving schedules, while critical for certification, do not capture the richness of naturalistic cycles, particularly the aggressive maneuvers that often shape consumer perception of performance. While there are databases with large number of drive cycles, applying all of them directly in the design process is impractical. Therefore, representative drive cycles that capture the essence of the naturalistic driving should be synthesized from naturalistic driving data. Naturalistic drive cycles are firstly categorized by investigating their micro-trip components, defined as driving activities between successive stops. Micro-trips are expected to characterize underlying local traffic conditions, and separate different driving patterns. Next, the transitions from one vehicle state to another vehicle state in each cycle category are captured with Transition Probability Matrix (TPM). Candidate drive cycles can subsequently be synthesized using Markov Chain based on TPMs for each category. Finally, representative synthetic drive cycles are selected through assessment of significant cycle metrics to identify the ones with smallest errors. This paper provides a framework for synthesis of representative drive cycles from naturalistic driving data, which can subsequently be used for efficient optimization of design or control of pick-up truck powertrains. Manufacturers will benefit from representative drive cycles in several aspects, including quick assessments of vehicle performance and energy consumption in simulations, component sizing and design, optimization of control strategies, and

  5. La espiritualidad del comunicador cristiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Martínez-de-Toda

    2003-01-01

    espiritualidad del comunicador y los niveles del profesional comunicador cristiano.The religious conimunication in the media faces problems because the Christian mediate message does not reach the audience. This raises some questions such as: What should the Christian communicator be like? What characteristics should he have? What should his drive be? What interior life should he have to coinmunicate efficaciously? This article presents the spirituality as something that should drench the mission of the communicator, as the essential element of the Christian communicator. There should be no dichotomy between his profession and his interior life, but both should enrich each other. The article explains what is meant by `spirituality' and its characteristics. The context in which the Latin American spirituality stands, and the need for Chrisfian communicators to develop their own spirituality. The theological foundations on which such spirituality should be based will be sought, regarding the characteristics of the communicator's spiritual path. The articte indicates the most common temptations of the Christian communicator: expressing himself in a conceptual manner, giving priority to the technique and language rather than the content, the rush to communicate, and the Withdrawal of the sacramental symbols. These temptations force us to seek the priorities which will allow the Christian communicator to discern properly. These are: the communicator has to be a holy person, an evangelizer and a good updated professional. Finally, the way such spirituality is applied in the practice, through its indicators (prayer and action his virtues (as gifls and fruits of the Holy Spirit, the key spiritual words and levels of the professional Chrisfian communicator.

  6. Predictions of fast wave heating, current drive, and current drive antenna arrays for advanced tokamaks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Batchelor, D.B.; Baity, F.W.; Carter, M.D.

    1994-01-01

    The objective of the advanced tokamak program is to optimize plasma performance leading to a compact tokamak reactor through active, steady state control of the current profile using non-inductive current drive and profile control. To achieve these objectives requires compatibility and flexibility in the use of available heating and current drive systems--ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF), neutral beams, and lower hybrid. For any advanced tokamak, the following are important challenges to effective use of fast waves in various roles of direct electron heating, minority ion heating, and current drive: (1) to employ the heating and current drive systems to give self-consistent pressure and current profiles leading to the desired advanced tokamak operating modes; (2) to minimize absorption of the fast waves by parasitic resonances, which limit current drive; (3) to optimize and control the spectrum of fast waves launched by the antenna array for the required mix of simultaneous heating and current drive. The authors have addressed these issues using theoretical and computational tools developed at a number of institutions by benchmarking the computations against available experimental data and applying them to the specific case of TPX

  7. Determinación del requerimiento hídrico del pimentón en el municipio de Candelaria, departamento del Valle del Cauca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Estrada Salazar Edgar Iván

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un ensayo con el fin de determinar el requerimiento hídrico del pimentón Capsicum annuum variedad Unapal-Serrano, en la zona de Candelaria-Valle del Cauca (Colombia. Se determinó que el pimentón requiere 425mm de agua durante su ciclo vegetativo, obteniendo una eficiencia del uso del agua de 5.32 kg/m3 de fruto fresco y de 0.5 kg/m3 en términos de materia seca. Además, se comprobó la eficiencia del microevaporímetro "MIEVHR" como herramienta para programación del riego y estudios hidrológicos.

  8. Electrohydraulic drive system with planetary superposed gears

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Graetz, A.; Klimek, K.H.; Welz, H.

    1989-01-01

    To prevent drive problems in ploughs the drives must be designed in such a way as to compensate for asymmetries. If electromechanical drives are replaced by an electrohydraulic drive system with superposed planetary gears and hydrostatic torque reaction supports the following advantages occur: load-free acceleration, load equalisation between main and auxiliary drive, overload protection, and reduction of systems vibrations. 2 figs., 2 tabs.

  9. Technical procedures for water resources, Deaf Smith County site, Texas: Volume 1: Environmental Field Program: Final draft

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1987-08-01

    This volume contains Technical Procedures pursuant to the Water Resources Site Study Plan including, determination of basin topographic characteristics, determination of channel and playa lake characteristics, operation of a stream gaging station, operation of a playa lake stage gaging system, and processing of data from a playa lake stage gaging system

  10. La agrobiodiversidad en várzea y su función económica en la Amazonía Peruana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michelly Rios Arévalo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objeto estudiar la práctica sostenible y la función económica de la agrobiodiversidad enlos ambientes más inestables de la várzea, las “playas” y “barreales”. El estudio fue realizado en siete comunidades del “Sector Muyuy” próximo a la ciudad de Iquitos en 2004. Este estudio también compara la agrobiodiversidad de una comunidad en 1999. La metodología usada es el mismo aplicado por el Proyecto “People, Land Management and Environmental Change” de la Universidad de las Naciones Unidas, que prioriza la experimentación, demostración y explicación de los sistemas agrícolas por los propios agricultores. Los resultados muestran que los sistemas agrícolas en playas y barreales varían según el tipo de sedimentación anual. En 2004 se promocionó el crédito agrícola para arroz. La agrobiodiversidad en playas y barreales fue constituida por 9 cultivos en1999 y 2 cultivos en 2004. La diversidad aumenta con los cultivos inundados por el rio, generando ambientes de protección y alimentación de diferentes peces y la tortuga cupiso. Los sistemas agrícolas empleados contienen estrategias de minimización del riesgo sobre el “pulso del rio”, utilizándose generalmente cultivos de corto periodo vegetativo en las áreas de mayor riesgo de inundación. Finalmente, la función económica de la agrobiodiversidad está direccionada al consumo y a la comercialización. La diversidad acuática genera un complemento económico para los agricultores.

  11. Real-world driving behaviour

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rijkeboer, R.C.; Hendriksen, P.; Gense, N.L.J.

    2001-01-01

    With increasing complexity of engine management system there is a tendency for traditional driving cyles to become further and further removed from reality. So for a sensible evaluation of emissions and fuel consumption of road vehicles in the field there is an urgent need for 'real-world' driving

  12. Las fluctuaciones del nivel del mar durante el Cuaternario

    OpenAIRE

    Pousa, Jorge Lorenzo; Isla, Federico Ignacio; Schnack, Enrique Jorge

    2002-01-01

    Los cambios del nivel del mar han ejercido una fuerte influencia en la evolución del planeta y en la historia de la humanidad. En una escala de tiempo geológico, las variaciones de los niveles oceánicos han dejado un registro ampliamente distribuido en la forma de depósitos sedimentarios. El descenso del nivel del mar durante la Ultima Glaciación, que alcanzó unos 120 metros hace 18.000 años, permitió la emergencia del estrecho de Bering y la migración humana desde Eurasia hacia América. Se e...

  13. Creating a driving profile for older adults using GPS devices and naturalistic driving methodology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Babulal, Ganesh M; Traub, Cindy M; Webb, Mollie; Stout, Sarah H; Addison, Aaron; Carr, David B; Ott, Brian R; Morris, John C; Roe, Catherine M

    2016-01-01

    Background/Objectives : Road tests and driving simulators are most commonly used in research studies and clinical evaluations of older drivers. Our objective was to describe the process and associated challenges in adapting an existing, commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS), in-vehicle device for naturalistic, longitudinal research to better understand daily driving behavior in older drivers. Design : The Azuga G2 Tracking Device TM was installed in each participant's vehicle, and we collected data over 5 months (speed, latitude/longitude) every 30-seconds when the vehicle was driven.  Setting : The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine. Participants : Five individuals enrolled in a larger, longitudinal study assessing preclinical Alzheimer disease and driving performance.  Participants were aged 65+ years and had normal cognition. Measurements :  Spatial components included Primary Location(s), Driving Areas, Mean Centers and Unique Destinations.  Temporal components included number of trips taken during different times of the day.  Behavioral components included number of hard braking, speeding and sudden acceleration events. Methods :  Individual 30-second observations, each comprising one breadcrumb, and trip-level data were collected and analyzed in R and ArcGIS.  Results : Primary locations were confirmed to be 100% accurate when compared to known addresses.  Based on the locations of the breadcrumbs, we were able to successfully identify frequently visited locations and general travel patterns.  Based on the reported time from the breadcrumbs, we could assess number of trips driven in daylight vs. night.  Data on additional events while driving allowed us to compute the number of adverse driving alerts over the course of the 5-month period. Conclusions : Compared to cameras and highly instrumented vehicle in other naturalistic studies, the compact COTS device was quickly installed and transmitted high

  14. Synthesis of Servo Pneumatic/Hydraulic Drive

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K D. Efremova

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Servo pneumatic and / or hydraulic drives are widely used in modern engineering and process control. The efficiency of using pneumatic / hydraulic drives depends on their parameters and characteristics. To select the optimal drive parameters, various methods are used, based on finding the minimum of the target (target or criteria function.The objective of this paper was to apply one crucial criterion (target function that provides determination of optimal parameters of the pneumatic / hydraulic drive with the translational motion of the end-effector as well as its use in the synthesis of the servo pneumatic cylinder. The article shows the form of the target function representing a set of drive parameters that do not have direct relationships with each other in a dimensionless form for the pneumatic / hydraulic drive with the translational motion of the end-effector. To calculate the parameters of the servo drive close to the optimal ones, a two-criteria LPτ search was used. As criteria, were used the decisive criterion - the proposed target function, and the power developed by the actuator of the pneumatic / hydraulic drive, which were presented in a dimensionless form. It is shown that the criterion for solution optimality is the minimum distance of the selected point in the space of the normalized criteria from the origin. This point was determined. In addition to the proposed criteria, non-formalised requirements were taken into account: actual and mass-produced components of drive, in terms of which its parameters close to the optimal ones were determined, and the maximum relative error of the obtained useful power value of the servo pneumatic drive was estimated. The paper presents design features of two types of the servo pneumatic drive created, taking into account the proposed target function, implemented according to the schemes "hidden" and "spaced apart". The experimental static characteristic of the servo pneumatic drive is

  15. Maltrato en los ancianos: un reto a la atención primaria de salud geriátrica Elderly abuse: a challenge to primary geriatric health care

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Martínez Querol

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la población de adultos mayores de un consultorio del Médico de Familia del Policínico "Ana Betancourt" del municipio Playa, clasificándose la muestra (93 pacientes por grupos de edades, sexo, nivel escolar, ocupacional, estado civil etc., y se les aplicó una encuesta formulario, en la que, además de sus datos generales, se investigó la estructura y funcionamiento de la familia, sus ingresos económicos y la ayuda recibida, su procedencia, así como también el trato recibido de familiares, amigos, allegados, etc. En la investigación se encontró que 41 (44 % eran objeto de abuso o maltrato en algunas de sus modalidades, siendo el perfil más frecuente el económico financiero con 19 casos (35 %, seguido del maltrato psicológico con 18 (33 %, la desatención en 15 (27 % y el maltrato físico en 3 (5 %. Se relacionó además el funcionamiento familiar de los hogares de donde proceden los ancianos maltratados.A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in the population of older adults from a family physician's office of "Ana Betancourt" Polyclinic, in Playa municipality. The sample (93 patients was classified by groups according to age, sex, educational level, occupation, marital status, etc. In addition to their general data, the family structure and functioning, its incomes, the assistance received, its origin, the treatment given by close relatives and friends, etc., were also investigated by applying a questionnaire-survey. It was found that 41 (44 % were abused or mistreated in some way . The economic financial profile was the most frequent with 19 cases (35 %, followed by psychiological abuse with 18 (33 %, lack of attention in 15 (27 % and physical abuse in 3 (5 %. The family functioning of the houses where the elderly abused lived was also exposed.

  16. Turbulent current drive mechanisms

    Science.gov (United States)

    McDevitt, Christopher J.; Tang, Xian-Zhu; Guo, Zehua

    2017-08-01

    Mechanisms through which plasma microturbulence can drive a mean electron plasma current are derived. The efficiency through which these turbulent contributions can drive deviations from neoclassical predictions of the electron current profile is computed by employing a linearized Coulomb collision operator. It is found that a non-diffusive contribution to the electron momentum flux as well as an anomalous electron-ion momentum exchange term provide the most efficient means through which turbulence can modify the mean electron current for the cases considered. Such turbulent contributions appear as an effective EMF within Ohm's law and hence provide an ideal means for driving deviations from neoclassical predictions.

  17. Large-Scale Battery System Development and User-Specific Driving Behavior Analysis for Emerging Electric-Drive Vehicles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yihe Sun

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Emerging green-energy transportation, such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs and plug-in HEVs (PHEVs, has a great potential for reduction of fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions. The lithium-ion battery system used in these vehicles, however, is bulky, expensive and unreliable, and has been the primary roadblock for transportation electrification. Meanwhile, few studies have considered user-specific driving behavior and its significant impact on (PHEV fuel efficiency, battery system lifetime, and the environment. This paper presents a detailed investigation of battery system modeling and real-world user-specific driving behavior analysis for emerging electric-drive vehicles. The proposed model is fast to compute and accurate for analyzing battery system run-time and long-term cycle life with a focus on temperature dependent battery system capacity fading and variation. The proposed solution is validated against physical measurement using real-world user driving studies, and has been adopted to facilitate battery system design and optimization. Using the collected real-world hybrid vehicle and run-time driving data, we have also conducted detailed analytical studies of users’ specific driving patterns and their impacts on hybrid vehicle electric energy and fuel efficiency. This work provides a solid foundation for future energy control with emerging electric-drive applications.

  18. X-ray system with coupled source drive and detector drive

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1976-01-01

    An electronic coupling replacing the (more expensive) mechanical coupling which controls the speed of two sets of two electric motors, one driving an X-ray source and the other an X-ray detector, is described. Source and detector are kept rotating in parallel planes with a fairly constant velocity ratio. The drives are controlled by an electronic system comprising a comparator circuit comparing the position-indicative signals, a process control circuit and an inverter switch. The control system regulates the speed of the electric motors. The signal processing is described

  19. Electric Vehicle - Economical driving

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, VCE, Steen V.; Schøn, Henriette

    1999-01-01

    How do you reduce the energy-wast when driving and loading EV's - or rather: How do I get more km/l out of an EV......How do you reduce the energy-wast when driving and loading EV's - or rather: How do I get more km/l out of an EV...

  20. Methodology for functional MRI of simulated driving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kan, Karen; Schweizer, Tom A; Tam, Fred; Graham, Simon J

    2013-01-01

    The developed world faces major socioeconomic and medical challenges associated with motor vehicle accidents caused by risky driving. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of individuals using virtual reality driving simulators may provide an important research tool to assess driving safety, based on brain activity and behavior. A fMRI-compatible driving simulator was developed and evaluated in the context of straight driving, turning, and stopping in 16 young healthy adults. Robust maps of brain activity were obtained, including activation of the primary motor cortex, cerebellum, visual cortex, and parietal lobe, with limited head motion (driving is a feasible undertaking.

  1. Shallow-water anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda from southern Bahia, Brazi l Cangrejos anomuros y braquiuros (Crustacea: Decapoda de aguas someras del sur de Bahia, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre O Almeida

    2010-01-01

    hasta la costa de Bahia (Municipalidad de Prado, Playa de Cumuruxatiba, 17°06'18.6"S, 39°10'50.4"W. Se reportó por primera vez para Bahia el ocipódido Uca (Leptuca cumulanta Crane, 1943, al igual que los pinotéridos Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967 y Fabia byssomiae (Say, 1818. El único espécimen de F. byssomiae fue recolectado al interior de la cavidad paleal del molusco Macoma constricta (Bruchiére, 1792 (Bivalvia: Tellinidae, representando un nuevo huésped para esta especie.

  2. A thermodynamic approach to compare the performance of rhombic-drive and crank-drive mechanisms for a beta-type Stirling engine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aksoy, F.; Solmaz, H.; Karabulut, H.; Cinar, C.; Ozgoren, Y.O.; Polat, Seyfi

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Rhombic drive and crank drive mechanisms of a beta type engine were compared. • Nodal analysis method was used to compare engines having different drive mechanism. • Maximum specific power was 1410 W/L for rhombic-drive engine. • Heat transfer coefficient was determined as 475 W/m"2K for rhombic-drive engine. • Rhombic drive provided higher efficiency because of its better kinematic behaviours. - Abstract: In this study, the effect of rhombic drive and crank drive mechanisms on the performance of a beta-type Stirling engine was investigated by nodal analysis. Kinematic and thermodynamic relations for both drive mechanisms were introduced and a Fortran code was written for the solution. Piston strokes, cylinder and displacer diameters, hot and cold end temperatures, regenerator volumes and heat transfer surface areas were taken equal for both engines with two different drive mechanisms. In the analysis, air was used as the working gas. Engine power and efficiency were compared for different charge pressure values, working gas mass values, heat transfer coefficients and hot end temperatures. Maximum specific engine power was 1410 W/L for the engine with rhombic drive mechanism and 1200 W/L for the engine with crank drive mechanism at 4 bars of charge pressure and 500 W/m"2K heat transfer coefficient. Rhombic drive mechanism was relatively advantageous at low working gas mass values and high hot end temperatures. In comparison with the engine having rhombic drive mechanism, the relatively poor kinematic behaviour of the engine having crank drive mechanism caused lower engine efficiency and performance. Heat transfer coefficient was also predicted by using an experimental pressure trace.

  3. Driving When You Have Parkinson's Disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Driving When You Have Parkinson’s Disease DRIVEWELL You have been a safe driver for years. For you, driving means freedom and control. As you get ... mental health can affect how safely you drive. Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the central nervous ...

  4. Cooperative driving in platooning scenario’s

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Linden, M.J.G.M.; Nijmeijer, H.

    2011-01-01

    Cooperative driving enables a more efficient use of existing infrastructure which reduces the expenditures and land use for new roads. Cooperative driving is based on intelligent communication between vehicles and between vehicles and their environment. Vehicles can drive closer to each other due to

  5. ECO-DRIVING Europe - building the frame for a European market for eco-driving

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raimund, Willy; Fickl, Stephan

    2003-01-01

    Due to rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions, the transport sector is a key issue in any sustainability and climate strategy. Still, it is the one most difficult to deal with because of it's complexity and direct impact on everybody's life. Innovative transport technologies can significantly contribute to reducing emissions and energy use, but there is also a need for behavioural changes to turn down energy demand, especially in individual motorised transport. One of the most cost-effective measures in this field is Ecodriving, an energy efficient and road safety improving driving style. Nowadays, there are several stand-alone initiatives in Europe. But to strengthen Ecodriving and increase its market share it needs: - an overview of existing offers and facilities, - pilot projects with different target groups, - training courses (both for novice drivers and experienced road users), - quality standards, - scientific proof of the various benefits, - awareness raising and marketing. That's why ECO-DRIVING Europe has been initiated by the main stakeholders in Europe. It aims to change the behaviour of drivers by using technological developments, influencing legislation and supporting long term driving and mobility culture change. The Europe-wide ECO-DRIVING project (www.ecodrive.org ) tries to reach this goal by integrating Ecodriving into various policy fields such as energy, climate change, road safety, local environment, sustainable transport and legislation for driver licence procedures. By decreasing greenhouse gas emission by 10-20% compared to normal driving, Ecodriving can considerably contribute to reduce energy demand in transport and fight climate change. Keywords ECO-DRIVING, sustainable transport, energy efficiency, behavioural change, market penetration, environmental and economic benefits, road safety

  6. On the Drive Specificity of Freudian Drives for the Generation of SEEKING Activities: The Importance of the Underestimated Imperative Motor Factor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael Kirsch

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Doubters of Freud’s theory of drives frequently mentioned that his approach is outdated and therefore cannot be useful for solving current problems in patients with mental disorders. At present, many scientists believe that affects rather than drives are of utmost importance for the emotional life and the theoretical framework of affective neuroscience, developed by Panksepp, strongly underpinned this view. Panksepp evaluated seven so-called command systems and the SEEKING system is therein of central importance. Panksepp used Pankseppian drives as inputs for the SEEKING system but noted the missing explanation of drive-specific generation of SEEKING activities in his description. Drive specificity requires dual action of the drive: the activation of a drive-specific brain area and the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Noticeably, as Freud claimed drive specificity too, it was here analyzed whether a Freudian drive can evoke the generation of drive-specific SEEKING activities. Special importance was addressed to the imperative motor factor in Freud’s drive theory because Panksepp’s formulations focused on neural pathways without specifying underlying neurotransmitter/endocrine factors impelling motor activity. As Panksepp claimed sleep as a Pankseppian drive, we firstly had to classified sleep as a Freudian drive by using three evaluated criteria for a Freudian drive. After that it was possible to identify the imperative motor factors of hunger, thirst, sex, and sleep. Most importantly, all of these imperative motor factors can both activate a drive-specific brain area and release dopamine from dopaminergic neurons, i.e., they can achieve the so-called drive specificity. Surprisingly, an impaired Freudian drive can alter via endocrinological pathways the concentration of the imperative motor factor of a second Freudian drive, obviously in some independence to the level of the metabolic deficit, thereby offering the possibility to

  7. Potential determinants of drink driving in young adults.

    Science.gov (United States)

    González-Iglesias, Beatriz; Gómez-Fraguela, José António; Sobral, Jorge

    2015-01-01

    The main purposes of this study were to examine the usefulness of the variables of the theory of planned behavior (viz. attitudes, social norms, and self-efficacy) and to explore the relationship between optimism bias and drink driving in young adults. In addition, we explored gender differences in drink driving with provision for the effect of variables such as driving frequency and alcohol consumption. Data were collected via a questionnaire administered to 274 drivers (59.9% females) aged 18-30 years (24.36 ± 2.96). The results obtained with provision for driving frequency revealed substantial differences in driving behaviors between genders. Thus, males were more prone to drink driving, perceived less disapproval by their significant others (parents and peers), and felt less able to avoid drinking-and-driving situations. In addition, they self-reported more frequent alcohol consumption and driving under the influence. The results also confirm the significance of peers' subjective norms and attitudes to drink driving in males. Overconfidence in their own driving skills for driving drunk and perceived behavioral control were found to be significant predictors for drink driving in females. Optimism bias also played a slightly significant role in predicting drink driving but only in females. The important practical implications of these results with a view to designing effective interventions to prevent the risks associated with drink driving in the young population are discussed. Interventions should focus on young people's perceptions of group norms and promoting cautionary driving choices and alternatives to drink driving.

  8. EFECTO DEL SILICIO Y PLAGUICIDAS EN LA FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL ARROZ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Parm\\u00E9nides Furcal-Beriguete

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, silicio al suelo más plaguicidas (alternativas químicas, silicio foliar, silicio foliar más plaguicidas y testigo comercial. Como fuente se utilizaron si- licio en polvo al 70% de SiO2, aplicado quince días antes de siembra en dosis de 100 kg SiO2/ha, y líquido concentrado 40% SiO2 y 36% MgO, aplicado al follaje en dosis de 4 l/ha a los 17 y 30 días después de la siembra. El suelo del orden inceptisol de formación aluvial, al inicio del experimento tenía pH 4,9, valores de P y Si disponibles de 29 ppm y 44,7 ppm, respectivamente, acidez intercambiable 1,2 cmol(+/l y suma de bases 19,11 cmol(+/l. No hubo diferencia estadística significativa del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, y en la calidad molinera; sin embargo, la combinación del silicio aplicado al suelo y el uso de plaguicidas incrementaron el contenido de zinc y cobre en el suelo, y del zinc y magnesio en las hojas de arroz, pero este efecto no se tradujo en rendimiento y calidad de granos. La aplicación de plaguicidas influyó positivamente en el peso y rendimiento del arroz en granza (p≤0,05.

  9. BP's driving safety strategy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Herman, B. [BP Canada Energy Company, Calgary, AB (Canada)

    2006-07-01

    This presentation focused on why it is important to drive safely. It addressed driver fatigue as well as BP's global driving standard. The Standard applies to all BP employees and contractors that drive any vehicle on BP business and consists of 10 mandatory elements focusing on safety of the driver, the safety of the journey, and the safety of the vehicle. The driving standards focus on several themes, including skill and competency of the driver, safety of the journey, and safety of the vehicle. Fatigue causes more than 20 per cent of motorway accidents and is the most frequent cause of accidental death of truck drivers. The presentation also discussed vehicle data recorders, driving immersion, and Driving Safety Program results. Journey management, driver training, vehicle inspections and policies, and statistics on vehicle incidents were also provided. The presentation revealed that a lack of pre-trip journey management, inadequate training or recall of training, and not following safe driving practices were major contributors to incident occurrences. It also revealed that traveling on gravel or ice and avoiding wildlife were factors in many vehicle incidents. 1 tab., 1 fig.

  10. Greater Sudbury fuel efficient driving handbook

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2009-12-15

    Reducing the amount of fuel that people use for personal driving saves money, improves local air quality, and reduces personal contributions to climate change. This handbook was developed to be used as a tool for a fuel efficient driving pilot program in Greater Sudbury in 2009-2010. Specifically, the purpose of the handbook was to provide greater Sudbury drivers with information on how to drive and maintain their personal vehicles in order to maximize fuel efficiency. The handbook also provides tips for purchasing fuel efficient vehicles. It outlines the benefits of fuel maximization, with particular reference to reducing contributions to climate change; reducing emissions of air pollutants; safe driving; and money savings. Some tips for efficient driving are to avoid aggressive driving; use cruise control; plan trips; and remove excess weight. Tips for efficient winter driving are to avoid idling to warm up the engine; use a block heater; remove snow and ice; use snow tires; and check tire pressure. The importance of car maintenance and tire pressure was emphasized. The handbook also explains how fuel consumption ratings are developed by vehicle manufacturers. refs., figs.

  11. Configuring NIF for direct drive experiments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eimerl, D.; Rothenberg, J.; Key, M.

    1995-01-01

    The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a proposed 1.8 MJ laser facility for carrying out experiments in inertial confinement fusion, currently designed for indirect drive experiments. The direct drive approach is being pursued at the 30 kJ Omega facility at the University of Rochester. In this paper we discuss the modifications to the NIF laser that would be required for both indirect and direct drive experiments. A primary concern is the additional cost of adding direct drive capability to the facility

  12. Distracted Driving, A Major Preventable Cause of Motor Vehicle Collisions: "Just Hang Up and Drive".

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kahn, Christopher A; Cisneros, Victor; Lotfipour, Shahram; Imani, Ghasem; Chakravarthy, Bharath

    2015-12-01

    For years, public health experts have been concerned about the effect of cell phone use on motor vehicle collisions, part of a phenomenon known as "distracted driving." The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) article "Mobile Device Use While Driving - United States and Seven European Countries 2011" highlights the international nature of these concerns. Recent (2011) estimates from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration are that 10% of fatal crashes and 17% of injury crashes were reported as distraction-affected. Of 3,331 people killed in 2011 on roadways in the U.S. as a result of driver distraction, 385 died in a crash where at least one driver was using a cell phone. For drivers 15-19 years old involved in a fatal crash, 21% of the distracted drivers were distracted by the use of cell phones. Efforts to reduce cell phone use while driving could reduce the prevalence of automobile crashes related to distracted driving. The MMWR report shows that there is much ground to cover with distracted driving. Emergency physicians frequently see the devastating effects of distracted driving on a daily basis and should take a more active role on sharing the information with patients, administrators, legislators, friends and family.

  13. Comparing the self-assessed and examiner-assessed driving skills of Japanese driving school students

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hiroshi Nakai

    2012-03-01

    A sample of Japanese driving test candidates (n=2021 completed a self-assessment using a 5-point scale applied to 19 items. The candidates completed the assessment shortly after passing their practical driving test conducted at a driving school. Their performance was also assessed by an examiner who used the same scale. The comparison between self-assessment and examiner-assessment revealed that around 40% of Japanese driving school students made a realistic assessment of their skills. With regard to the gender differences, although males displayed higher levels of overconfidence than females did, the differences were not as large as earlier studies with questionnaires had suggested. Furthermore, the effect of age on the accuracy of novice drivers' skill assessment was found to be relatively small. Our findings, which are based on a comparison of subjective assessments of driving skills between examiners and novices, instead of a questionable method which relies on a comparison with a hypothetical average driver, suggest that the majority of candidates in fact do not overrate their own skills. These results were discussed from the viewpoint of the driver education system and compared to other European research using the same framework.

  14. Full drive-by-wire dynamic control for four-wheel-steer all-wheel-drive vehicles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fahimi, Farbod

    2013-03-01

    Most of the controllers introduced for four-wheel-steer (4WS) vehicles are derived with the assumption that the longitudinal speed of the vehicle is constant. However, in real applications, the longitudinal speed varies, and the longitudinal, lateral, and yaw dynamics are coupled. In this paper, the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle as well as its lateral and yaw motions are controlled simultaneously. This way, the effect of driving/braking forces of the tires on the lateral and yaw motions of the vehicle are automatically included in the control laws. To address the dynamic parameter uncertainty of the vehicle, a chatter-free variable structure controller is introduced. Elimination of chatter is achieved by introducing a dynamically adaptive boundary layer thickness. It is shown via simulations that the proposed control approach performs more robustly than the controllers developed based on dynamic models, in which longitudinal speed is assumed to be constant, and only lateral speed and yaw rate are used as system states. Furthermore, this approach supports all-wheel-drive vehicles. Front-wheel-drive or rear-wheel-drive vehicles are also supported as special cases of an all-wheel-drive vehicle.

  15. The role of personality traits and driving experience in self-reported risky driving behaviors and accident risk among Chinese drivers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tao, Da; Zhang, Rui; Qu, Xingda

    2017-02-01

    The purpose of this study was to explore the role of personality traits and driving experience in the prediction of risky driving behaviors and accident risk among Chinese population. A convenience sample of drivers (n=511; mean (SD) age=34.2 (8.8) years) completed a self-report questionnaire that was designed based on validated scales for measuring personality traits, risky driving behaviors and self-reported accident risk. Results from structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that the data fit well with our theoretical model. While showing no direct effects on accident risk, personality traits had direct effects on risky driving behaviors, and yielded indirect effects on accident risk mediated by risky driving behaviors. Both driving experience and risky driving behaviors directly predicted accident risk and accounted for 15% of its variance. There was little gender difference in personality traits, risky driving behaviors and accident risk. The findings emphasized the importance of personality traits and driving experience in the understanding of risky driving behaviors and accident risk among Chinese drivers and provided new insight into the design of evidence-based driving education and accident prevention interventions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. QUANTIFICATION OF COAL IN THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN BEACHES (DEPARTMENT OF MAGDALENA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julián Andrés García

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT To quantify the percentage of unburnt coal in beach sediments from the department of Magdalena,(Colombia a simple procedure was devised to separate the sediment mineral phases according to their density. Sediments were collected from six beaches, at two tidal heights, in November 2012 and February 2013, before and after a spill from a coal barge that occurred on 12 January 2013. Sediments were dried, suspended in an aqueous solution of sodium polytungstate (density: 2.0 g•cm-3 and centrifuged. Because coal has a lower density (1.2-1.9 g•cm-3 than other inorganic minerals and rocks, any coal particle present in a sample concentrated in the suspended fraction, whereas more dense particles settled. To remove organic matter not corresponding to coal, the light fraction was subsequently subjected to a weak oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. To estimate an upper limit for any coal present, weight loss on ignition at 550 °C was determined for whole sediments. For the six beaches examined, the maximum weight loss on ignition was 2.4 % and the weight percentage of the light fraction (with a density 3 g•cm-3, which comprise between 10-70 % of the total sediment dry weight. RESUMEN Con el fin de cuantificar el porcentaje de carbón mineral en playas del departamento del Magdalena, (Colombia se llevó a cabo un procedimiento sencillo para separar el sedimento en fracciones sedimentológicas de acuerdo a su densidad. Se utilizaron sedimentos provenientes de seis playas del departamento colectadas de dos niveles mareales en noviembre de 2012 y febrero de 2013, antes y después de un derrame de una barcaza de carbón, que ocurrió el 12 de enero de 2013. Los sedimentos fueron secados, suspendidos en una solución de sodio politungstato (densidad: 2,0 g·cm-3 y centrifugados. Ya que el carbón tiene una densidad menor (1,2-1,9 g·cm-3 que otros minerales inorgánicos, cualquier partícula de carbón presente en una muestra se concentró en la

  17. Catàleg dels Miridae (Heteroptera) del Massís del Garraf

    OpenAIRE

    Goula Goula, Marta

    1989-01-01

    Per a la redacció d'aquest catàleg, s'aporten dades d'observació pròpia al llarg dels anys 1980-1984, així com les troballes publicades per CUNI (1889a,1889b,1889c,1891) i per RIBES (1978a,1978b,1980,1984). Totes aquestes observacions s'han fet en localitats del Massis del Garraf, que será objecte d'una curta descripció.

  18. La Orden de Medidas Provisionales del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso del buque de guerra ARA Libertad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Cabrera Mirassou

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente comentario tiene por finalidad describir la reciente orden de medidas provisionales emitida por el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso relativo a la detención de la Fragata ARA Libertad. La controversia contiene un complejo trasfondo político, económico y jurídico, en el cual se destaca el alcance de la inmunidad de los buques de guerra, el funcionamiento del sistema de solución de controversias de la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre Derecho del Mar y, en particular, la competencia del Tribunal. Con la finalidad de lograr un entendimiento más profundo de su jurisprudencia se abordan los principales aspectos que permitan comprender el valor de la decisión para los actores del régimen de los océanos.

  19. Funciones del estilo personal del terapeuta en profesionales del campo de las adicciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandro Casari

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar el estilo personal del terapeuta entre dos grupos de profesionales, uno dedicado a la atención de pacientes drogodependientes (grupo adicciones y otro a la atención clínica en general (grupo clínico. Método. La muestra estuvo formada por 100 psicoterapeutas que trabajan en instituciones públicas y privadas de tres provincias del interior de Argentina, pareados por las variables socioprofesionales (sexo, edad, años de experiencia profesional, enfoque teórico, grupo etario de trabajo, tipo de abordaje predominante, duración del tratamiento y grado de especialización. El instrumento empleado fue el Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta. Resultados. Para el análisis de datos se emplearon pruebas de comparación de medias y se analizó su tamaño del efecto. Se obtuvieron diferencias signifi cativas en la función expresiva: grupo clínico (M = 40.36 y grupo adicciones (M = 29.86; así como también en la función instruccional: grupo clínico (M = 28.01 y grupo adicciones (M = 32.67. Esto indica una mayor distancia emocional y un incremento en la rigidez del encuadre terapéutico en los terapeutas de pacientes adictos. Conclusión. Se discuten estos resultados en función de postulados previos que señalan la complejidad del vínculo terapéutico y el énfasis en las características del encuadre terapéutico, tal como la puesta de límites.

  20. CONCENTRACIÓN DE MINERALES DE TITANIO CONTENIDOS EN LAS ARENAS DE PLAYAS DE LA REGIÓN DE ATACAMA - CHILE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Valderrama Campusano

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como fin caracterizar y concentrar minerales de titanio contenidos en las arenas de playas de la Región de Atacama. El análisis mineralógico indicó que los principales constituyentes son cuarzo, feldespato, ilmenita, titanita, rutilo y trazas de circonita, monacita y wolframita. Los análisis químicos indican que la ley de TiO2 es de 2,3% y 3,15% para las arenas de Huasco y Caldera, respectivamente. Al retirar el material sobre 0,300 mm, se produce una preconcentración, aumentando las leyes de TiO2 a 5,33% para Huasco y 6,48% para Caldera. Las pruebas de concentración gravitacional fueron realizadas en una mesa Wilfley, y fueron estudiados diferentes ángulos de inclinación de la mesa, para la concentración primaria (2,5°; 3,0°; 3,5º y 4,0° y la limpieza (5,0°; 5,5; 6,0° y 6,5° respectivamente. Los mejores resultados fueron obtenidos usando un ángulo de inclinación de 3,0° para la concentración primaria y 6,0° para limpiar el concentrado. Con estos resultados se diseñó un circuito para las arenas de Huasco, lográndose un concentrado final con una ley de 46,0% de TiO2 y una recuperación de 21,2%, y para Caldera, se obtuvo un concentrado final de 51,3% TiO2 con una recuperación de 17,4%.