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Sample records for da integracao refino-bio-refino

  1. Challenges of the refining and bio-refining integration: a future view; O desafio da integracao refino-bio-refino: uma visao do futuro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baptista, Claudia Alvarenga; Oliveira, Sandra Lima de [PETROBRAS S. A., Rio de de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Silva, Suely Coutinho da [Hope Consultoria Ltda., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    As the world economy growths, it is expected an increase in the fuels demand. In the other hand, there is a public denounce against the harmful of gas emissions from the mineral fuels, especial the emission of greenhouse gases. Based on this scenario, there is a growing search for renewable fuels as an alternative for the present world energetic matrix. Therefore the biofuel has conquered more and more participation in the economy as a clean grow-your-own fuel. It is not only a renewable fuel but also a way to reduces Co2 emission. The use of this kind of fuel can bring environmental, social and economic advantages. So, a feasible proposal for the near future could be the performance of a binomial and dynamic model that takes place in the integration between biorefining and conventional refining. Biorefining is similar in concept to the petroleum refining industry, except that renewable biomass materials or vegetable oil are the feedstocks rather than crude oil. An important incentive to the integration of these two concepts is the alternative to process the majority of the conventional refining residue or by products in the biorefining. It is possible to produce high quality low emission fuel from co-conversion of biomass and petroleum residue. There are important processes that can be used to carry out this object, such as gasification coupled with Fischer-Tropsch. Besides the production of PREMIUM quality fuel, the energy and the hydrogen obtained in the gasification process can be used in the conventional refining. Biomass can also be turned into alcohol fuel by enzymatic hydrolysis and can be mixed in the refinery gasoline pool for emissions reduction. Another possibility is to process vegetable oil together with middle distillate in the conventional hydrotreating unity. Although the optimized integration involves technical and economic challenges, it is known that this is an important opportunity to mitigate the environmental problems and to allow the world economy growth. (author)

  2. Refino de óleo de farelo de arroz (Oryza sativa L. em condições brandas para preservação do γ-orizanol Refining of rice bran oil (Oryza sativa L. to preserve γ-orizanol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Maria Paucar-Menacho

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available O γ-orizanol é um antioxidante presente no óleo de farelo de arroz, mas ausente em outros óleos vegetais, ao qual têm sido atribuídos efeitos antioxidante e hipocolesterolêmico. O conteúdo de γ-orizanol no óleo de farelo de arroz bruto varia entre 1-2%, mas durante a etapa de neutralização do refino químico, este composto fica retido na borra. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo propor uma técnica alternativa de refino físico em condições brandas para o óleo de farelo de arroz com a finalidade de preservar o γ-orizanol. Utilizou-se farelo de arroz inativado e extrusado obtido a partir do processo de produção do arroz parboilizado, sendo o óleo bruto (Oryza sativa extraído pelo método de expeller. O processo de refino do óleo bruto consistiu nas etapas de degomagem ácida (com H3PO4 85%, centrifugação, clarificação, desodorização a 180 ºC e winterização. Foram realizadas análises para caracterização e comparação do óleo bruto e refinado, seguindo metodologias oficiais da AOCS. Concluiu-se que o processo de refino físico preservou 97% do γ-orizanol, o qual potencializou a estabilidade oxidativa do óleo refinado pelo método alternativo, que apresentou uma melhoria de 33% (13,3 horas a 110 ºC do período de indução da oxidação em relação ao óleo comercial.γ-orizanol is an antioxidant present in rice bran oil, but absent in other vegetable oils, which were attributed to antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic effects. The content of γ-orizanol in crude rice bran oil varies between 1-2%, but during neutralization in chemical refining this substance is transferred to soapstock. The aim of this research is to study an alternative technique of physical refining in light conditions with the purpose of preserving γ-orizanol. Inativacted and extrused rice bran obtained by the production of parboilizated rice was used to extract crude rice bran oil (Oryza sativa by the expeller method. The process of

  3. Fluidodinâmica computacional aplicada ao estudo da flotação de inclusões em aços para a indústria automobilística.

    OpenAIRE

    Marins, Ângelo Máximo Fernandes; Costa Neto, Joaquim Gonçalves; Martins, Wiclef Humberto Vieira; Silva, Carlos Antônio da; Silva, Itavahn Alves da

    2013-01-01

    A prática de injeção de gás inerte na panela de refino secundário do aço tem como propósito a remoção das inclusões não-metálicas, além da homogeneização térmica e composicional. Pela modelagem física de uma panela de refino secundário, são investigados os efeitos da vazão de gás inerte e número dos plugues porosos, instalados no fundo da panela. O campo de velocidades e a flotação de inclusões não-metálicas são analisados matematicamente via CFD. Os resultados obtidos por modelagem física e ...

  4. Assegurando o alinhamento estratégico da tecnologia de informação e comunicação: o caso das unidades de refino da Petrobras Ensuring the strategic fit of information and communication technology: the case of Petrobras' oil refinery units

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Villas

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available A tecnologia de informação e comunicação (TIC é fator crítico de competitividade das empresas. Embora alguns autores questionem o fato de a TIC poder ser considerada uma fonte de vantagem competitiva, há consenso quanto à necessidade do seu alinhamento à estratégia da empresa de modo que ela possa contribuir para a otimização do desempenho organizacional. Assegurar este alinhamento, ou seja, a consistência da estratégia da TIC com a da empresa, com vistas a aumentar sua efetividade, tornou-se particularmente importante com o acirramento da competição no setor de petróleo, em decorrência da abertura deste mercado no Brasil a partir de janeiro de 2002. Este artigo compartilha os resultados de um estudo de casos múltiplos nas unidades de negócios do refino da Petrobras e apresenta uma proposta de modelo conceitual para auxiliar a gestão da TIC no sentido de garantir o alinhamento de suas ações com as estratégias do negócio, com vistas a potencializar a contribuição da TIC para um melhor desempenho dessas unidades. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, conclui-se que nelas existe um grau de alinhamento parcial da TIC à estratégia da empresa, sendo esta visão compartilhada pelos gerentes das suas diversas áreas de negócios. Como contribuição adicional, recomenda-se que a promoção do alinhamento estratégico da TIC seja construída no contexto do ciclo evolutivo da metodologia de avaliação do desempenho e gestão estratégica, balanced scorecard (BSC, que está sendo implementada na Petrobras.Information and communication technology (ICT is a critical factor for company competitiveness. While some authors question the fact that ICT should be considered a source of competitive advantage, there is a strong consensus regarding the importance of ensuring its alignment with firm strategy so that it can contribute to the optimization of corporate performance. Ensuring this fit, that is, the consistency between the ICT

  5. Obtenção de pós de Nb a partir da redução aluminotérmica com ignição por plasma

    OpenAIRE

    Mendes, Marcio Willians Duarte

    2006-01-01

    A redução aluminotérmica consiste na reação exotérmica de um óxido metálico com alumínio para produzir o metal e a escória. O metal fundido extraído dessa reação vem normalmente misturado com partículas de alumina resultante da redução, necessitando de um refino posterior tanto para eliminar as impurezas residuais como também para eliminar porosidades. Visando obter um produto em forma de pó e com tamanho nanométrico ou até mesmo submicrométrico, foi substituída a fonte convencional de calor ...

  6. Modelagem computacional para predição de equilibrio líquido-líquido de sistemas graxos

    OpenAIRE

    Gláucia de Freitas Hirata

    2011-01-01

    Resumo: Na indústria de óleos, a remoção dos ácidos graxos livres é a etapa mais importante do processo de purificação. Geralmente, é realizada pelo refino químico ou físico. Em alguns casos, no entanto, o refino convencional provoca resultados indesejáveis. A desacidificação por extração líquido-líquido tem se mostrado uma alternativa viável tecnicamente. Nos estudos realizados, os dados de equilíbrio são determinados e modelados para cada tipo de óleo isoladamente, resultando em modelos que...

  7. Modelamento matemático das perdas térmicas em panelas de aciaria.

    OpenAIRE

    Duarte, Izabela Diniz

    2015-01-01

    Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais. Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Durante as etapas de refino secundário e de lingotamento, o aço líquido encontra-se dentro da panela na aciaria. Uma das consequências do tempo de residência do aço na panela são as trocas térmicas ao longo do processo. O controle da temperatura do aço líquido é condição essencial para que o produto final apresente um alto nível de qualidade. Es...

  8. Correlação entre permeabilidade e resistência mecânica de filtros cerâmicos no sistema Al2O3-SiC

    OpenAIRE

    Salvini,V. R.; Innocentini,M. D. M.; Pandolfelli,V. C.

    2000-01-01

    Tem sido crescente o uso de cerâmicas reticulares em processos de refino e purificação de metais fundidos, filtração de gases quentes e combustão catalítica. A aplicação depende da composição química e das propriedades físicas do material (número de poros por polegada linear (ppi), porosidade e diâmetro de poro). Há um consenso de que a melhoria das propriedades dos filamentos resulta em um melhor desempenho mecânico do filtro cerâmico. Entretanto, a análise dos valores de resistência mecânic...

  9. Alternative refining configurations and petrochemical integration in Brazil; Configuracoes alternativas de refino e integracao com petroquimica no Brasil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gomes, Gabriel Lourenco [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao em Engenharia (COPPE/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Programa de Planejamento Energetico

    2008-07-01

    This paper presents the results of alternative configurations for a new refinery in Brazil, with the objective of transforming national heavy oils into low sulfur derivatives and petrochemical products, until 2020. The hypothetical refinery proposed has a processing capacity of 10.000 t/year of Marlim heavy oil, through distillation and delayed coking units. Two base cases of conversion units were considered, one with a Fluid Catalytic Cracking - FCC, and another with a Hydro-cracking - HCC. Both cases also have several hydro-treating units to be able to achieve future fuel quality specifications in Brazil and for export. The refinery-petrochemical integration was considered through the use of a petrochemical FCC instead of a conventional FCC, and through the addition of a steam cracking and aromatics separation unit, included as an option to the 3 refinery cases: FCC, HCC, and Petro FCC. All the results were compared in terms of economic return. The best return on investment is obtained in the Petro FCC case. The FCC and HCC cases present lower and similar results for 2006 prices. However, the HCC has the advantage of producing a greater amount of middle distillates, with a higher expected demand growth in Brazil. Finally, the addition of a steam cracking unit reduces the return on investment of the hypothetical refinery for all cases using 2006 prices. However, the return of the petrochemical activity on the same period could still justify this investment, depending on the petrochemicals market evolution. With the steam cracking unit, the Petro FCC and HCC cases present similar returns using 2006 prices. (author)

  10. Abordagens metodológicas que auxiliam na identificação química da cocaína apreendida no Brasil

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    Isaias da Silva Freitas

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available O tráfico de drogas proscritas no Brasil tem aumentado consideravelmente. Um dos reflexos desse crescimento se dá pelo quantitativo apreendido pelos órgãos de segurança pública de drogas sintéticas, canabinóides e, em sua maioria, por cocaína. O Brasil encontra-se geograficamente localizado em uma área onde o cultivo de espécies da família Erythroxylaceae é beneficiado, além disso, faz fronteiras com os principais países produtores de cocaína no mundo, o que dificulta, sobremaneira, o combate ao seu tráfico. As polícias federal e civil têm identificado, constantemente, novos fornecedores e novos locais de refino de cocaína, logo, a identificação das rotas de tráfico, origem geográfica e dos seus distribuidores torna-se cada vez mais complexa exigindo dos órgãos de segurança pública e da comunidade forense em geral um melhor aprimoramento de suas metodologias de identificação e quantificação, de forma a fornecerem informações conclusivas para o combate ao seu tráfico. Assim, nesse trabalho, foram avaliadas as principais abordagens metodológicas que contribuem para a elucidação da identificação das amostras de cocaína apreendida no país.

  11. Uma investigação da relevância do setor canavieiro no Brasil em 2005

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    Sheila Cristina Ferreira Leite

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE Tendo em vista a relevância da cana de açúcar na economia brasileira e o seu recente boom este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o setor de produção de cana de açúcar na estrutura produtiva brasileira no ano de 2005. Especificamente busca-se identificar a importância do produto e seus encadeamentos na economia do Brasil, calculando os multiplicador de produção da produto e seu grau de interligação com os demais produtos da economia do país. Considerando o objetivo do estudo, a análise será fundamentada na teoria insumo-produto e nos métodos de construção de matrizes para obtenção do modelo de insumo-produto e para o cálculo de multiplicadores e índice de ligação. Como fonte básica de informações para a realização deste estudo será utilizada os dados utilizados para a construção da matriz insumo produto brasileira disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE referente ao ano de 2005 em uma abordagem produto x produto. Os resultados possibilitam analisar robustamente à relevância deste produto na estrutura produtiva brasileira. Alguns dos resultados encontrados indicam que a cana de açúcar está entre os produtos chaves para a economia brasileira. O produto é mola propulsora para o crescimento da produção de produtos inter-relacionados, como: bebidas, produtos da usina para o refino de açúcar e o álcool.

  12. Industrial automation management in the refining industry; Gestao da automacao industrial no refino

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zanin, Antonio Carlos; Moro, Lincoln Fernando Lautenschlager [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2004-07-01

    PETROBRAS started in 1986 the implementation of industrial automation in its refineries with the gradual replacement of analogical instrumentation by the digital technology, which demanded massive investments in hardware and allowed the adoption of real time optimization (RTO) systems . This process also required significant investments in learning and technology development. It is estimated that the set of systems already in operation generates results in the order of 1% of the Downstream operating profit, due to better product yields, lower energy consumption, higher reliability, etc. Currently the company focuses in guaranteeing the effectiveness of the results obtained with the optimization technology. This guarantee demands a plethora of actions, including the elaboration of an evaluation methodology and a rigorous and continuous results analysis , as well as actions to solve the problems that may be negatively impacting the performance. A specific evaluation methodology has been developed for the advanced control application, since this technology is the most mature among all that have already been implemented. This methodology considers that the economic results are directly related to the activation of process constraints that bound the operating window, and consist basically in the evaluation of an index, called PCAT (percentage of active controlled variables), which is transformed into an economical benefit by a procedure that takes into account the unit potential and the performance of the control system. The results clearly show that the overall performance has been improving since October, 2003. (author)

  13. Aproveitamento de resíduos da agroindústria do óleo de dendê para a produção de lipase por Aspergillus Níger

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    Edmar das Mercês Penha

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o desempenho de duas linhagens de Aspergillus niger (mutante 11T53A14 e selvagem C previamente selecionadas como promissoras para a produção de lipases, utilizando meios de cultivo formulados a partir da torta de dendê (palmiste e da borra alcalina do refino do óleo de dendê (borra de dendê, resíduos provenientes da agroindústria do óleo de dendê (palma por fermentação em estado sólido (FES. Os experimentos de produção da enzima em FES foram conduzidos em colunas aeradas, incubadas em banho-maria a 32ºC com entrada controlada de ar não umedecido de 1,0vvm. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a cepa mutante A. niger 11T53A14 em meio contendo torta de dendê umedecida com solução sulfato de amônio (1,2% e com a adição de 3% da borra de dendê. O valor máximo da atividade da lipase neste meio foi de 72,57U gss-1 em 48 horas. Esse valor foi 47,5% superior ao obtido no meio sem a borra de dendê. A comparação do desempenho da cepa mutante com a cepa selvagem mostrou que o meio composto por torta de dendê adicionado com sulfato de amônio e borra de dendê induziu ambas as linhagens a produzir lipases com bons níveis de atividade, além de reduzir o tempo de processo de fermentação.

  14. O óleo de abacate (Persea americana Mill como matéria-prima para a indústria alimentícia The avocado oil (Persea americana Mill as a raw material for the food industry

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    Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Hábitos de vida saudáveis e uma dieta balanceada aliados ao alto consumo de frutas e vegetais estão associados à redução do risco de doenças e à manutenção da saúde. O óleo de abacate possui em sua composição substâncias bioativas capazes de prevenir e controlar as dislipidemias. Como existem poucas pesquisas científicas avaliando o potencial deste óleo para o consumo humano, o presente trabalho estudou os processos de extração e refino do óleo de abacate. Para tanto, procedeu-se à separação da polpa das outras partes da fruta. A polpa fresca foi seca em estufa, e posteriormente moída para a obtenção de um farelo. O óleo obtido do farelo foi extraído e caracterizado. Os resultados mostraram que os processos de extração e refino do óleo a partir da variedade Margarida são tecnicamente viáveis, o que o torna excelente matéria-prima para a indústria alimentícia. Além disso, possui um perfil de ácidos graxos e esteróis muito semelhante ao perfil do azeite de oliva, podendo desta forma, substituir o óleo de soja e ser utilizado juntamente com o azeite de oliva nos óleos mistos, oferecendo ao consumidor brasileiro um produto de qualidade superior e com menor custo.Healthy life habits and an adequate diet, together with a high intake of fruits and vegetables, are associated with reducing the risk of diseases and maintaining health. The avocado oil has bioactive substances that can prevent and control the hyperlipidemia. Since there is little scientific research evaluating the oil potential for human consumption, the present work studied the extraction and refining process of the avocado oil. Firstly, the pulp was extracted from the fruit. The fresh pulp was dried in a stove and then grounded for obtaining the bran. The oil obtained from de bran was extracted and characterized. The results showed that the extraction and refining process of the Margarida avocado variety is technically feasible, and it is an

  15. Tratamiento de disoluciones que contienen cromo hexavalente mediante electrocoagulación con ánodos de hierro

    OpenAIRE

    ARROYO NÚÑEZ, MARÍA GUADALUPE

    2011-01-01

    Los residuos de cromo hexavalente y sus compuestos se originan en industrias tales como la fabricación de coches, el refino del petróleo, el tratamiento de superficies, la preparación de cromato, las industrias de fertilizantes y las industrias que emplean componentes de Cr(VI) como inhibidores de la corrosión. Los compuestos derivados del Cr(VI) son muy contaminantes, tienen un efecto altamente oxidante y facilidad para penetrar en membranas biológicas, además de ser cancerígenos para los...

  16. Gestión de la calidad de una refinería

    OpenAIRE

    Saura Hernández, Francisco Miguel

    2012-01-01

    En lo referente a este trabajo, el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad es aplicable a las “actividades de refino, incluido diseño y desarrollo, operación de las unidades de proceso de refinería para la producción de Productos Ligeros líquidos, bases Productos Pesados, gases licuados, extractos, parafinas, componentes para betunes y asfaltos y azufre, y operación de las unidades de cogeneración para la producción de energía eléctrica”. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierí...

  17. Reciclado en suelos de lodos de refinería : nuevas aproximaciones para la biodegradación de hidrocarburos mediante el manejo de enmiendas orgánicas.

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Alhama, Irene

    2013-01-01

    Los lodos procedentes de las plantas de refino del petróleo, son residuos con una elevada concentración de hidrocarburos, que son unas moléculas altamente tóxicas para las plantas y los microorganismos e invertebrados que habitan el suelo donde se encuentran, y constituyen un riesgo potencial para la salud. Una de las prácticas de gestión de los mismos ha sido su vertido a suelo en zonas controladas y su posterior tratamiento mediante técnicas de biorremediación de bajo coste, como son el lan...

  18. Triagem de métodos de purificação de óleos com acidez elevada para produção de biodiesel

    OpenAIRE

    Daniel Grabauskas

    2013-01-01

    O presente estudo teve como objetivo selecionar procedimentos de purificação de óleos vegetais, com enfoque na desacidificação, comparando a eficiência de métodos de refino alternativos (adsorção e extração liquido-liquido) com o convencional (alcalino). Para tanto, foram utilizados óleos com baixo impacto na cadeia alimentícia, como óleo de andíroba e óleo de macaúba, visando contribuir para a ampliação de matérias-primas lipídicas na produção de biodiesel. A triagem do método de purificação...

  19. Simulação do processo de desasfaltação de petroleo pesado para obtenção de asfaltenos e oleo lubrificante

    OpenAIRE

    Filipe Augusto Barral Quirino

    2009-01-01

    Resumo: A desasfaltação do petróleo é um dos principais processos primários no refino de óleo cru. O estudo do processo de desasfaltação tem merecido atenção considerável nas últimas décadas, devido ao aumento das reservas de óleos crus pesados. No Brasil, grande parte das reservas exploradas produz óleos pesados, uma vez que a crescente redução no processamento de petróleos leves aliada à crescente demanda por combustíveis e lubrificantes de melhor qualidade força a indústria nacional de pet...

  20. Dilemas bioéticos na prática da anestesia

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    José Abelardo Garcia de Meneses

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As relações da sociedade humana com o universo e a aplicação de novos conceitos éticos estudados por filósofos, fundamentalmente para acompanhar a evolução das ciências biomédicas, originaram a Bioética. O objetivo é tratar dos avanços nas relações humanas entre médicos e pacientes, propostos pelos princípios bioéticos em adição aos tradicionais princípios hipocráticos, aqui discutidos no particular da prática desta ciência fascinante a Anestesiologia. O presente trabalho visa estimular e aprofundar as discussões bioéticas na área da Anestesiologia. CONTEÚDO: São discutidos os limites entre o ato médico benevolente e não-maleficente, indissociavelmente comprometido com o bem-estar do paciente, os benefícios da conduta médica paternalista, visando à preservação da saúde e da vida, e do outro lado, o respeito à autonomia do cidadão-doente, potencial paciente, e o seu direito ao consentimento livre, renovável, revogável e plenamente esclarecido para quaisquer atos médicos. CONCLUSÕES: Com base no quanto é apresentado no presente trabalho o anestesiologista deve sempre decidir beneficentemente em defesa da saúde do indivíduo e da sacralidade da vida, entendendo os limites entre a autonomia do paciente e o direito do médico aplicar tratamento arbitrário à revelia da vontade daquele, em obediência aos princípios da beneficência e da não-maleficência, disponibilizando os benefícios da ciência médica (justiça em favor da vida, posto que, em anestesia muitas vezes, há um limite incompreensivelmente tênue entre vida e morte.

  1. Utilização do subproduto da recuperação metálica de escórias de aços inoxidáveis na síntese de pigmentos cerâmicos; caracterização da matéria-prima By-product utilization of metallic recovering of stainless steel slags in the ceramic pigments synthesis; raw material characterization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. P. Della

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available O processo de recuperação metálica em escórias de aciaria - resíduo gerado em grande quantidade no processo de refino do ferro-gusa para obtenção do aço - que visa a recuperação de metais nobres, gera uma massa de óxidos que pode ser utilizada como fonte precursora na síntese do pigmento cerâmico verde vitória. Verde vitória é o nome dado ao pigmento cerâmico à base de cálcio, cromo e silício (Ca3Cr2Si3O12 que a elevadas temperaturas desenvolve a estrutura cristalina uvarovita responsável pela estabilização da cor verde característica. Este subproduto apresenta características constitucionais favoráveis à obtenção deste pigmento mediante o ajuste da composição química através da adição de óxidos puros. A combinação de técnicas de análise microestrutural, térmica e química foi utilizada nesta caracterização inicial.The metallic recovering process of steel industry slags - waste produced in a big amount by the process of pig iron refining for steel obtainment, which aims the recovering of noble metals, produces a oxide mass that can be used as a precursor source for the synthesis of the Victory Green ceramic pigment. Victory Green is the name of the ceramic pigment based on calcium, chromium and silicon (Ca3Cr2Si3O12 , and that develops the uvarovite crystalline structure in high temperatures, responsible for the stabilization of characteristic green color. This by-product presents favorable constitutional characteristics to the obtainment of this pigment by adjusting the chemical composition through additions of pure oxides. The combination of techniques of microstructural, thermal and chemical analysis was used in this initial characterization.

  2. Utilização da Energia de Dietas para Frangos de Corte Formuladas com Óleo Ácido de Soja

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    Vieira SL

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available O produto comercialmente chamado "óleo ácido de soja", resulta da acidificação da borra residual do processo de refino do óleo de soja. Este tem sido muito utilizado na indústria de rações animais, ainda que com vários questinamentos a cerca de sua eficiência, tais como a adulteração com outros ácidos graxos de baixo valor nutricional, nível de peroxidação, presença de impurezas, e valores energéticos não confiáveis. Neste estudo, foi avaliado o desempenho de frangos de corte consumindo dietas contendo óleo de soja ou óleo ácido de soja nos níveis de 4 e 8% ou a mistura das duas fontes em partes iguais de 2 e 4% cada. Essas dietas foram fornecidas para frangos de corte alojados em baterias climatizadas a partir dos 7 dias de idade. As aves que receberam misturas equivalentes de óleo ácido de soja e óleo de soja apresentaram menor peso corporal no final do experimento (aos 42 dias quando comparadas com aquelas que consumiram apenas óleo ou óleo ácido de soja, independentemente do nível adicionado. O nível de inclusão de óleo de soja ou óleo ácido de soja não influenciou o peso final das aves. Foi verificado maior consumo de ração pelos animais que receberam dietas de menor nível de inclusão, o que contribuiu para piorar a conversão alimentar dos mesmos. O óleo ácido de soja demonstrou ser uma fonte energética alternativa de alto potencial econômico para uso em dietas comerciais para frangos de corte, apresentando valor energético de 8.114 kcal EMAn/kg de MS, valor 5% inferior ao determinado para o óleo de soja degomado.

  3. Pré-Sal: Petróleo e políticas públicas no Brasil (2007-2016

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    Paulo Henrique Martinez

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa a relação entre políticas sociais e economia no Brasil a partir da exploração do Pré-sal até os dias de hoje. O anúncio das reservas de petróleo na camada de Pré-sal resultou em rápidas alterações nas perspectivas econômicas, sociais e legais do país nas primeiras duas décadas do século XXI. A nova escala da produção petrolífera nacional seria a base para uma agenda de desenvolvimento econômico e social nos governos dos presidentes Lula e Dilma. Em seus respectivos governos ambos promoveram reformulações no marco regulatório do petróleo. A legislação foi alterada no tocante aos modelos de contrato, a distribuição dos royalties e o controle das reservas, assegurando ao Governo Federal maior soberania na extração, refino e distribuição do petróleo. As modificações legislativas e políticas visavam à destinação de parte dos lucros do Pré-sal para investimentos em infraestrutura e para políticas setoriais de desenvolvimento humano no Brasil.

  4. O Core Curriculum da Unesco como Base para Formação em Bioética

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    Fabiano Maluf

    Full Text Available RESUMO A revolução biotecnológica das últimas décadas teve como resultado o desenvolvimento de um poder quase sem limites sobre a vida humana. Tal contexto exige do profissional uma visão globalizada dos problemas éticos e sociais da era contemporânea, alicerçada em sólidas bases filosóficas e legais. Este contexto torna necessária a promoção de novas competências e habilidades relacionadas à vida profissional. Neste sentido, o ensino da Bioética desponta como uma possibilidade de inovação curricular alternativa ao tradicional modelo prescritivo e normativo. Este artigo relata a experiência da Cátedra Unesco de Bioética da Universidade de Brasília com a utilização do Core Curriculum proposto pela Unesco como instrumento didático-pedagógico adequado ao ensino da Bioética. Entre os dilemas pedagógicos enfrentados pela Bioética como disciplina encontram-se: a construção de seus conteúdos, sua estruturação, as concepções teóricas a serem seguidas e seus objetivos. A contextualização e o aperfeiçoamento da estratégia proposta pelo Core Curriculum podem significar importantes instrumentos facilitadores para docentes que buscam organizar práticas didático-pedagógicas inovadoras em Bioética com o intuito de proporcionar resultados efetivos na formação de seus estudantes.

  5. A miopia da eficiência entrevista com Fábio Wanderley Reis

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    Marcos Antônio Lopes

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Fábio Wanderley Reis é professor emérito da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Doutor em Ciência Política pela Universidade Harvard, é organizador de trabalhos de relevo como A democracia no Brasil: dilemas e perspectivas, com Guillermo O'Donnell. Por seu Política e Racionalidade, foi ganhador do Prêmio Anpocs, como melhor obra científica em Ciências Humanas. Seus livros mais recentes são Mercado e Utopia (Edusp, 2000 e Tempo Presente (Editora UFMG, 2002.Obra labiríntica, por sua riqueza temática-uma visão panorâmica da política brasileira no último quarto de século -, Tempo Presente, resenhado por Mediações, revela-nos o alcance da atividade intelectual de um pensador dotado de vasta cultura política e de apurado grau de sofisticação analítica.Aposentado há alguns anos, depois de ensinar por mais de três décadas, ele tem participado ativamente do debate público. Os principais veículos de nossa grande imprensa têm dado destaque ao rigor crítico de suas idéias. Observador arguto da cena política brasileira atual, Fábio Wanderley concedeu a seguinte entrevista a Mediações.

  6. The Da Vinci European BioBank: A Metabolomics-Driven Infrastructure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carotenuto, Dario; Luchinat, Claudio; Marcon, Giordana; Rosato, Antonio; Turano, Paola

    2015-01-01

    We present here the organization of the recently-constituted da Vinci European BioBank (daVEB, https://www.davincieuropeanbiobank.org/it). The biobank was created as an infrastructure to support the activities of the Fiorgen Foundation (http://www.fiorgen.net/), a nonprofit organization that promotes research in the field of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. The way operating procedures concerning samples and data have been developed at daVEB largely stems from the strong metabolomics connotation of Fiorgen and from the involvement of the scientific collaborators of the foundation in international/European projects aimed to tackle the standardization of pre-analytical procedures and the promotion of data standards in metabolomics. PMID:25913579

  7. The Da Vinci European BioBank: A Metabolomics-Driven Infrastructure

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    Dario Carotenuto

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available We present here the organization of the recently-constituted da Vinci European BioBank (daVEB, https://www.davincieuropeanbiobank.org/it. The biobank was created as an infrastructure to support the activities of the Fiorgen Foundation (http://www.fiorgen.net/, a nonprofit organization that promotes research in the field of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. The way operating procedures concerning samples and data have been developed at daVEB largely stems from the strong metabolomics connotation of Fiorgen and from the involvement of the scientific collaborators of the foundation in international/European projects aimed to tackle the standardization of pre-analytical procedures and the promotion of data standards in metabolomics.

  8. Humanidades e ciência: uma leitura a partir da Bioética de Van Rensselaer (V. R. Potter

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    Diego Carlos Zanella

    Full Text Available A Bioética surgiu em um momento em que a distância entre a ciência e as humanidades parecia intransponível. Em seu surgimento, a Bioética possuía um apelo para superar essa distância que se revelava fatal para o futuro desenvolvimento da humanidade e para a manutenção das condições de vida nesse planeta. É nesse contexto que V. R. Potter propôs seu conceito original de Bioética como uma integração entre a Biologia e os valores humanos - especialmente a filosofia moral - para orientar a sobrevivência humana. Nesse sentido, o presente texto procurará desenvolver o significado do conceito de Bioética para V. R. Potter e o problema das “duas culturas”, isto é, da necessidade de construção de um diálogo entre as humanidades e a ciência, buscando uma convergência da relação ética de todos os saberes em torno do cuidado da vida.

  9. Inovação curricular nos cursos de graduação em medicina: o ensino da bioética como uma possibilidade

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    Rildo Pereira da Silva

    Full Text Available O estudo tem por objetivos sistematizar o estado da arte do ensino da bioética na graduação médica brasileira, com base nos trabalhos publicados nos anais dos congressos da Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética, da Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica e da Rede Unida, e nas revistas Bioética, Brasileira de Bioética, Brasileira de Educação Médica e Olho Mágico dos anos 2000 até 2005, e identificar concepções, conceitos, métodos e pressupostos bioéticos adotados no material pesquisado. Situa-se entre os campos da educação e do trabalho médicos, aqui entendidos como duas práticas sociais que devem dialogar permanentemente, razão pela qual a Pedagogia das Competências e as noções de competência e autonomia, como fundamentação e categorias teóricas, respectivamente, nele se inserem como aportes para compreender o processo de inclusão do ensino de bioética nos cursos de graduação médica, como uma possibilidade de inovação curricular.

  10. Avaliação da biotratabilidade do efluentede branqueamento de polpa celulósicapor processos aeróbios e anaeróbios

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    Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Os efluentes da planta de branqueamento da produção de pasta celulósica apresentam, além de elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica em termos de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO e cor, compostos com elevada toxicidade, o que torna o tratamento destes efluentes problemático. O objetivo do presente artigo é avaliar a biotratabilidade dos efluentes de branqueamento ácido e alcalino de polpa celulósica kraft por processos aeróbios e anaeróbios por meio da caracterização, utilizando parâmetros convencionais e coletivos. Os resultados de DQO inerte, biodegradabilidade aeróbia e anaeróbia, distribuição de massas molares, produtos microbianos solúveis e substâncias poliméricas extracelulares indicaram a baixa biotratabilidade dos efluentes

  11. O lugar da ética e bioética nos currículos de formação médica

    OpenAIRE

    Gomes,Annatália Meneses de Amorim; Moura,Escolástica Rejane Ferreira; Amorim,Rosendo Freitas

    2006-01-01

    Estudo documental que teve por objetivos verificar semestres de oferta, horas-aula e porcentagem com que disciplinas específicas voltadas para o saber da Ética e Bioética se apresentam no currículo da Medicina; averiguar o caráter da transversalidade do conteúdo de Ética e Bioética nas demais disciplinas; identificar as linhas temáticas que sobressaem nos conteúdos das disciplinas específicas; e analisar o aspecto da multiprofissionalidade no corpo docente da Medicina. O conteúdo de Ética e B...

  12. Implementation of the balanced scorecard in a brazilian state-owned company: the case of Petrobras El proceso de implantación del balanced scorecard en una empresa estatal brasileña: el caso Petrobras O processo de implantação do balanced scorecard em uma empresa estatal brasileira: o caso Petrobras

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    Aline de Almeida Filgueiras

    2010-03-01

    literatura sobre el tema y presentado el caso de la implantación del BSC en la Petrobras, compañía integrada que actúa en la explotación, producción, refino, comercialización y transporte de petróleo y sus derivados en Brasil y en el exterior.O Balanced Scorecard (BSC, desenvolvido por Kaplan e Norton em 1992, resultou da necessidade de captar toda a complexidade da performance da organização e tem sido ampla e crescentemente utilizado em empresas e organizações. Dentre suas contribuições estão a composição e a visualização de medidas de performance que reflitam a estratégia de negócios da empresa. O BSC resume, em um único documento, indicadores de performance em quatro perspectivas: financeira, clientes, processos internos e aprendizado, e crescimento. A importância do estudo reside no fato de que o BSC constitui a primeira tentativa sistemática de desenvolver um projeto para o sistema de avaliação de desempenho que enfoque os objetivos da empresa, a coordenação da tomada de decisão individual e a provisão de uma base para o aprendizado organizacional. Sendo assim, neste trabalho realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema e apresentou-se o caso da implantação do BSC na Petrobras, companhia integrada que atua na exploração, produção, refino, comercialização e transporte de petróleo e seus derivados no Brasil e no exterior.

  13. Análise de dissertações de mestrado em enfermagem à luz da bioética

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    Inácia Sátiro Xavier de França

    2002-10-01

    Full Text Available O estudo tem como objetivo investigar a aplicação dos princípios éticos nas pesquisas em seres humanos nas dissertações dos egressos do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará.(UFC. Como referencial, trabalhamos os princípios da Bioética da beneficência/não-maleficência, autonomia e justiça, a Resolução 196/96 e a Resolução 240/2000 do COREn. Foi possível identificar que: os mestrandos sempre trabalharam obedecendo a alguns princípios éticos básicos; a conduta dos pesquisadores não sofreu alteração significativa após a adoção da Resolução 196/96, apesar da obrigatoriedade dos projetos serem submetidos ao CEP, a maioria dos pesquisadores não atentaram para essa exigência; o princípio mais abordado dentro do referencial da Bioética, foi a autonomia, com ênfase no consentimento esclarecido e no sigilo.

  14. The Evidence of Non n-glycan Linked Mannose in Exochitinase 42kDa, from Trichoderma harzianum BIO10671 Glycosylation

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    Muskhazli, M.

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Chitinase 42 kDa produced by Trichoderma harzianum has been proven as a prime compound to be excreted onto the hyphae of the pathogen causing localised cell wall lysis at the point of interaction. Later it will initiate the process of the host cell becomes empty of cytoplasm, disintegrates and shows a rapid collapse. This study investigates the existence of N-glycan linked mannose in chitinase 42 kDa produced by the Malaysian T. harzianum strain BIO10671. The chitinase 42 kDa from T. harzianum BIO10671 was initially purified using anion exchange chromatography prior to a series of experiments such as immunoblotting against the chitinase 42 kDa antibody, lectin staining for detecting any terminal linked mannose, and galactofuranose detection to determine the presence of galatofuranase components in glycoproteins. The enzyme purification harvested about 12-fold of chitinase 42 kDa from T. harzianum BIO10671 with strong indication of the chitinase 42 kDa presence on SDS-Page. This was confirmed by immunoblotting with a strong response around 42 kDa after overnight incubation in chitinase 42 kDa antibody suggesting that the gene for chitinase 42 kDa was greatly expressed in this strain. There are no intervation of galatofuranose on any of the terminal mannose in chitinase 42 kDa as shown by negative results on samples treated with or without endoglycosidase-H and lectin staining. Therefore, it can be concludeed that glycosylation occurred in the chitinase 42 kDa from T. harzianum 42 kDa was not in the form of N-glycan linked mannose as expected.

  15. Endoscopia de contato (microestomatoscopia nas lesões da boca e do lábio: avaliação do método

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    Gyl H A Ramos

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as dificuldades da endoscopia de contato aplicada à boca e ao lábio (microestomatoscopia de contato e aplicar nas lesões do lábio os critérios usados na endoscopia de contato de outras topografias. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo utilizando o endoscópio de contato Storz 8715A e o corante azul de toluidina. Vinte exames foram feitos para aprendizado da técnica e depois mais 31 (21 lesões do lábio e 10 da boca, todos exames in vivo. Os critérios avaliados foram: Celularidade, Arquitetura, Estratificação e Morfologia. RESULTADOS: A falta de nitidez, os tremores finos e o deslizamento do aparelho dificultaram o procedimento em 100% dos casos, mas permitiram um exame adequado. Os 13 diagnósticos de malignidade das lesões do lábio apresentaram todos os critérios alterados. CONCLUSÃO: as dificuldades encontradas foram o contato do aparelho com a superfície anatômica, o deslizamento do aparelho, os tremores finos e a falta de nitidez da imagem, que não inviabilizaram a realização e a interpretação do exame. Os critérios são aplicáveis às lesões da boca e do lábio inferior.

  16. A bioética e o trabalho na estratégia saúde da família: uma proposta de educação

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    Selma Vaz Vidal

    Full Text Available A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF tem representado, na atualidade, um importante modo de reorientação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS no Brasil, pautando-se na territorialização e na reorganização das ações de saúde junto às comunidades, a partir do trabalho de distintos profissionais. Nesse âmbito, a relação de proximidade e de continuidade da ESF com a coletividade tem permitido a emergência de problemas bioéticos de díspares ordens, os quais necessitam ser abordados pelos profissionais da ESF com as ferramentas teóricas adequadas. Com base nessas ponderações, o presente artigo apresenta elementos para a construção de um processo de formação bioética para os trabalhadores da ESF, enfatizando (1 o que abordar - os problemas bioéticos na ESF com base na literatura atual: (a relações entre profissionais e usuários e suas famílias; (b relações entre os profissionais da própria equipe; (c relações entre profissionais e o sistema de saúde; (2 o como abordar - pressupostos pedagógicos e métodos de ensino-aprendizagem; (3 o desenho de uma oficina de formação bioética, de acordo com os pressupostos bioéticos e pedagógicos apresentados. Espera-se que as proposições do manuscrito possam ser úteis para o encaminhamento daquele que é, provavelmente, o grande desafio da bioética na APS/ESF: a incorporação dos conceitos éticos à ação do profissional, de modo a embasar as decisões autônomas dos membros da equipe.

  17. Uma aproximação entre bioética e interculturalidade em saúde a partir da diversidade

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    Márcia Mocellin Raymundo

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available A diversidade do mundo em que vivemos desafia constantemente a bioética em seu labor como mediadora na resolução de problemas ou conflitos, sobretudo na área da saúde. Esta diversidade não se apresenta somente com relação aos aspectos étnicos dos indivíduos que buscam atenção em saúde, mas envolve também questões de gênero, de religiosidade e crenças, de condições socioeconômicas e culturais, entre tantos outros aspectos que configuram as características particulares de cada pessoa ou coletividade. Por sua vez, a partir da consideração da diversidade é que se configura a interculturalidade em saúde, ou seja, a complementaridade entre diferentes visões sobre uma mesma questão de saúde que se estabelece a partir do diálogo e do intercambio. Trata-se da coexistência de distintas cosmovisões de maneira complementária, sem preconceitos ou imposição de uma sobre outra. A bioética e a interculturalidade em saúde possuem pontos convergentes e comuns, pois, a bioética tem sua origem precisamente da necessidade de contemplar diferentes possibilidades e distintas racionalidades frente a uma série de conflitos que envolvem também questões de saúde. A conexão entre a bioética e a interculturalidade é uma possibilidade que pode contribuir para a solução de alguns desafios frente à diversidade que se apresenta no que concerne o processo de atenção em saúde.

  18. Ensino da Bioética Convergente de ricardo maliandi nos Cursos de medicina

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    Nalita Maria Hall Brum de Barros Mugayar

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este artigo sublinha a patente deficiência dos currículos de Medicina em relação às Ciências Humanas e defende que o estudo da Bioética — disciplina que procura integrar as Ciências Humanas às Ciências Biológicas — poderá ajudar a preencher essa nociva lacuna. Apresentamos a Bioética Convergente de Ricardo Maliandi e Oscar Thüer como um valioso arcabouço teórico capaz de auxiliar o médico a protagonizar a resolução dos conflitos éticos inerentes à sua prática profissional, sem incorrer em unilateralidade. Comparamos sua fundamentação teórica com a conhecida proposta, também principialista, de Beauchamp e Childress, apontando as vantagens daquela em relação a esta. Exemplificamos sua aplicabilidade com a análise de potenciais conflitos éticos inferidos de informações obtidas em prontuário de uma paciente internada no Centro de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro. Para a realização dessa análise, buscamos, na literatura médica, dados probabilísticos em relação ã doença em questão (neoplasia de esôfago com fístula traqueoesofageana complicada por choque séptico pulmonar, ressaltando que esses dados podem ajudar na melhor compreensão do prognóstico, sem que por isso possam ser utilizados como respaldo da equipe médica para decisões unilaterais de limitação terapêutica. A literatura médica também nos brindou com propostas de condução de casos difíceis do ponto de vista ético, como o da paciente em tela. Escolhemos uma delas (Azoulayet al.12, reconhecendo e demonstrando sua compatibilidade com a Bioética Convergente de Maliandi e Thüer. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico sobre limitação terapêutica, no qual procuramos unir a fundamentação da literatura à aplicabilidade em um caso real de paciente crítica. Acreditamos que este artigo poderá ser um ponto de partida para a difusão da Ética Convergente — trabalho de toda a vida do filósofo Ricardo

  19. Liga NiCrSiBC: Microestrutura e Dureza de Revestimentos Processados a Arco e a Laser

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    Leandro J. da Silva

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available A técnica de processamento é determinante sobre características de um revestimento. Isso porque o aporte térmico, que depende da técnica e dos parâmetros, tem influência sobre a diluição e a taxa de solidificação. Em ligas com baixa complexidade metalúrgica, o impacto do processamento com técnicas de deposição que impõem maior taxa de resfriamento podem se traduzir em refino da microestrutura. Espera-se que quanto mais refinada a microestrutura maior a resistência mecânica do revestimento. Entretanto, na deposição de ligas de maior complexidade metalúrgica isso nem sempre ocorre, porque a elevada taxa de resfriamento pode suprimir formação/precipitação de fases responsáveis pela resistência. Neste estudo, a influência do processamento sobre microestrutura e dureza de revestimentos da liga Colmonoy-6® foi avaliada. A liga foi processada por plasma com arco transferido (PTA e laser de diodo de alta potência (HPDL sobre chapas de AISI 304 com dois níveis de diluição. Em ambos os casos, revestimentos de boa qualidade e livres defeitos foram obtidos. O aumento do teor de Fe (diluição e as diferentes taxas de resfriamento decorrem do processamento com diferentes parâmetros e técnicas. Em consequência, ocorrem mudanças significativas na microestrutura e na dureza dos revestimentos que estão associadas à distribuição, morfologia e composição química dos carbonetos e, principalmente, dos boretos.

  20. Compósitos à base de cimento reforçados com polpa celulósica de bambu. Parte I: Determinação do teor de reforço ótimo Cement-based composite reinforced with bamboo pulp. Part I: Determination of optimum reinforcement percentage

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    Marcos A. S. dos Anjos

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta os resultados experimentais de um estudo em que se procurou desenvolver compósitos de matriz cimentícia reforçada com polpa de bambu. Foram usados dois tipos de polpa: refinada e sem refino. Fez-se variar o teor de fibras de 0 a 16% em massa de cimento e se desenvolveu um processo com sucção, moldagem e prensagem para fabricação dos compósitos. As relações constitutivas dos compósitos foram definidas através de ensaio a compressão e tração de corpos-de-prova cilíndricos de 5x10 cm e do ensaio de flexão em três pontos. A partir delas, foi obtida a capacidade de absorção de energia. Determinaram-se, também, algumas propriedades físicas, como absorção, porosidade aparente, densidade seca e úmida dos compósitos. Os resultados mostraram melhor performance dos compósitos com fibras refinadas em relação àquelas com fibras sem refino e também indicaram que o teor ótimo de fibras refinadas se situou em torno de 8%, quando promoveram notáveis melhoramentos das propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos em relação à matriz plena.This work presents the experimental results of a study which intended to develop a composite with cementations matrix reinforced with bamboo pulp. Two types of pulps were used: refined and unrefined pulps. The fibre content varied between 0 and 16% cement (weight basis. After the preparation of fresh composite mix the experimental specimens were prepared applying a specially developed process based on Hastshek method using suction then moulding and pressing. The compression, tension and the flexural behavior and their constitutive relations were established using 5 cm diameter by 10 cm high cylindrical specimens and three point bending tests at respectively. The energy absorbing capacity of the new composites was also established. Physical properties such as water absorption, apparent porosity, dry and humid density were also obtained. The results showed a better performance

  1. O lugar da ética e bioética nos currículos de formação médica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Annatália Meneses de Amorim Gomes

    Full Text Available Estudo documental que teve por objetivos verificar semestres de oferta, horas-aula e porcentagem com que disciplinas específicas voltadas para o saber da Ética e Bioética se apresentam no currículo da Medicina; averiguar o caráter da transversalidade do conteúdo de Ética e Bioética nas demais disciplinas; identificar as linhas temáticas que sobressaem nos conteúdos das disciplinas específicas; e analisar o aspecto da multiprofissionalidade no corpo docente da Medicina. O conteúdo de Ética e Bioética no currículo de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC tem espaço nas disciplinas específicas no 1º, 5º e 8º semestres, totalizando uma carga horária de 196 horas e, transversalmente, está inserido em boa parte das demais disciplinas do currículo, aspecto que merece ser incorporado ao currículo da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE. As linhas temáticas incorporadas nas duas universidades mostram uma ampliação na percepção da própria Deontologia, não só focada em deveres, mas também incluindo novas exigências dos fenômenos socioculturais envolvidos. A diversidade profissional do corpo docente da UECE mostrou-se mais ampla do que na UFC. Propõe-se que as mudanças defendidas nas universidades em termos de reforma curricular sejam acompanhadas e avaliadas por seus beneficiários, para que o processo de formação médica possa, de fato, proporcionar o aprender a ser, a fazer, a conviver e a conhecer.

  2. Influência do treinamento aeróbio nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da hipertensão arterial sistêmica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Luciano Pontes Júnior

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo da presente revisão foi discutir as principais influências do exercício aeróbio nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da hipertensão sistêmica. A hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE resulta de uma redução persistente na resistência vascular periférica (RVP, mediada pelo sistema nervoso autônomo e por substâncias vasodilatadoras. A diminuição da pressão arterial com o treinamento crônico ocorre pela diminuição da RVP e do débito cardíaco em repouso, por meio da redução da atividade neural simpática e do aumento da sensibilidade barorreflexa. Além disso, o exercício crônico pode promover redução da concentração de catecolaminas, melhora do perfil metabólico, afetar a atividade funcional do endotélio vascular e promover mudanças positivas na composição corporal. Desse modo, a inclusão do exercício físico aeróbio é fortemente recomendada como estratégia não farmacológica para o tratamento da hipertensão, não apenas pelo efeito benéfico na pressão arterial, bem como na redução de fatores de risco cardiovasculares.

  3. Educação: nova fronteira da bioética Education: new frontier of bioethics

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    Jansen Ribeiro Pires

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo analisa a opinião de professores quanto à introdução de conteúdo sobre bioética no currículo do ensino médio. Foram selecionadas seis escolas: três públicas e três particulares da principal região administrativa de Brasília. De um universo de 340 professores, 150 aderiram à pesquisa. Foi apresentado um questionário com alternativas versando sobre a existência ou não de conteúdo relacionado com a construção de valores nos estudantes. O segundo momento contou com 140 dos professores que participaram da primeira fase. Foi-lhes entregue um texto que resumia o que era a bioética. Ao final, havia um espaço à pergunta se uma nova disciplina de bioética preencheria a lacuna curricular na formação de valores e atitudes éticas nos estudantes. A análise dos dados demonstrou que: (a a escola não tem cumprido a função de instrumentar a formação da consciência ética; (b na opinião dos docentes, isto vem acontecendo em razão da inexistência de uma disciplina que se responsabilize pela abordagem destas questões; (c 51% dos entrevistados se posicionaram a favor da introdução de uma disciplina que trate da bioética na estrutura curricular do ensino médio, por acreditarem que ela poderia contribuir à construção de valores morais e atitudes afirmativas dos estudantes.This study analyses the opinion of teachers regarding the inclusion of contents on Bioethics in the curricular structure of high school. Six schools were selected: three public and three private in the main administrative region of Brasília. In a universe of 340 teachers, 150 joined the research. They were given a questionnaire with answers about the existence or not of curricular contents related to the construction of values in the students. The second phase counted with 140 teachers out of those who joined the first part of the research. These teachers received a text briefly explaining what Bioethics is with a closed space for answering if

  4. Humanidades e ciência: uma leitura a partir da Bioética de Van Rensselaer (V. R.) Potter

    OpenAIRE

    Zanella, Diego Carlos

    2018-01-01

    A Bioética surgiu em um momento em que a distância entre a ciência e as humanidades parecia intransponível. Em seu surgimento, a Bioética possuía um apelo para superar essa distância que se revelava fatal para o futuro desenvolvimento da humanidade e para a manutenção das condições de vida nesse planeta. É nesse contexto que V. R. Potter propôs seu conceito original de Bioética como uma integração entre a Biologia e os valores humanos - especialmente a filosofia moral - para orientar a sobrev...

  5. PENETRACIÓN Y DISOLUCIÓN DEL REFRACTARIO DE CROMO-MAGNESIO POR ESCORIAS FAYALÍTCAS

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    VANESA BAZÁN

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Los refractarios magnesia-cromo se han utilizado con éxito en diferentes procesos metalúrgicos a altas temperaturas, tales como hierro y acero, la industria del cemento y procesos pirometalúrgicos no ferrosos. En particular en la fundición, en los procesos de conversión de refino de cobre. Esos materiales tienen buenas características en relación con el uso y los requisitos de resistencia al choque térmico. Sin embargo, representan un problema importante en la contaminación del medio ambiente. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las interacciones entre la escoria generada en el convertidor Peirce-Smith e cobre y los ladrillos refractarios de magnesia-cromo ladrillos. Los fenómenos de infiltración y ataques químicos en el material refractario causado por la escoria formada durante el proceso de conversión de cobre se han estudiado mediante el desarrollo de las diferentes pruebas de laboratorio a temperaturas de hasta 1300 ° C.

  6. DA ÉTICA PRINCIPIALISTA PARA A BIOÉTICA DE INTERVENÇÃO: SUA UTILIZAÇÃO NA ÁREA DA SAÚDE

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    Ana Flávia Viana Campello de Melo Bandeira COELHO

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available A Bioética da Intervenção preocupa-se em discutir os conflitos éticos e problemas persistentes, com uma visão holística para além dos conceitos da bioética principialista. Este artigo tem por objetivo fornecer conteúdo bioético básico para os profissionais da área de saúde, por meio da exposição dos conceitos do principialismo e da bioética de intervenção com enfoque nas necessidades contemporâneas. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com base em leituras textuais sobre a bioética principialista e de intervenção. O conhecimento do avanço da bioética em suas concepções teóricas pode ajudar os profissionais de saúde na tomada de decisão frente aos conflitos bioéticos que ultrapassam os conceitos da bioética principialista, ainda hegemônica no campo da saúde.

  7. Interfaces entre Saúde Coletiva e Bioética a partir de um estudo da publicação de autores vinculados à pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva no Brasil

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    Juliane Brenner Vieira

    Full Text Available Os processos de desenvolvimento da Bioética e Saúde Coletiva brasileiras ocorreram de forma paralela até que, num determinado momento, passaram a se relacionar, devido à aproximação de temas comuns como a questão da equidade em saúde e do direito à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as interfaces entre a Bioética e a Saúde Coletiva a partir da produção científica do campo desta última, e suas relações com a formação em Pós-Graduação stricto sensu da área. Analisaram-se 23 artigos publicados entre 2007 e 2009 em periódicos da área de Saúde Coletiva no Brasil, cujos autores mantêm relação com a Pós-Graduação da área. Foi possível perceber algumas tendências bioéticas predominantes, como a Bioética da Proteção e a Bioética de Intervenção. As interfaces entre a Bioética e a Saúde Coletiva revelam expressões similares, capazes de proporcionar um diálogo direto entre elas, pois as duas priorizam o bem-estar do sujeito e do coletivo.

  8. Interfaces entre Saúde Coletiva e Bioética a partir de um estudo da publicação de autores vinculados à pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliane Brenner Vieira

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Os processos de desenvolvimento da Bioética e Saúde Coletiva brasileiras ocorreram de forma paralela até que, num determinado momento, passaram a se relacionar, devido à aproximação de temas comuns como a questão da equidade em saúde e do direito à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as interfaces entre a Bioética e a Saúde Coletiva a partir da produção científica do campo desta última, e suas relações com a formação em Pós-Graduação stricto sensu da área. Analisaram-se 23 artigos publicados entre 2007 e 2009 em periódicos da área de Saúde Coletiva no Brasil, cujos autores mantêm relação com a Pós-Graduação da área. Foi possível perceber algumas tendências bioéticas predominantes, como a Bioética da Proteção e a Bioética de Intervenção. As interfaces entre a Bioética e a Saúde Coletiva revelam expressões similares, capazes de proporcionar um diálogo direto entre elas, pois as duas priorizam o bem-estar do sujeito e do coletivo.

  9. Utilization of agroindustrial residues for lipase production by solid-state fermentation Utilização de resíduos agroindustriais para produção de lipase por fermentação em estado sólido

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    Mônica Caramez Triches Damaso

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to produce lipases by solid-state fermentation (SSF using, as substrate, agroindustrial residue supplemented with by-products from corn oil refining process or olive oil. For a group of ten fungi strains selected in the first steps, the lipase activity obtained by SSF varied from 7.7 to 58.6 U/g of dry substrate (gds. Among the evaluated strains, the Aspergillus niger mutant 11T53A14 was selected by presenting the best enzymatic production. For the fermentation tests, two substrates were also investigated: wheat bran and corn cob, both supplemented with olive oil. The best results were obtained with wheat bran. Additionally, three industrial by-products from corn oil refining (soapstock, stearin and fatty acids were evaluated as substitutes to the olive oil in the function of lipases production inducer. Among them, soapstock and stearin were the best inducers, whereas fatty acids presented an inhibitor effect. The highest lipase activities using soapstock, stearin and fatty acids were 62.7 U/gds, 37.7 U/gds and 4.1 U/gds, respectively.O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir lipases por fermentação em estado sólido (FES utilizando, como substrato, resíduo agroindustrial enriquecido com subprodutos do processo de refino do óleo de milho ou óleo de oliva. Para um conjunto de dez linhagens de fungos selecionadas nas primeiras etapas, a atividade lipásica obtida por FES variou de 7,7 a 58,6 U/g de substrato seco (gss. Dentre as linhagens avaliadas, o mutante Aspergillusniger 11T53A14 foi selecionado por apresentar a melhor produção enzimática.Para os testes de fermentação, dois substratos foram investigados: farelo de trigo e sabugo de milho, ambos enriquecidos com óleo de oliva. Nestes testes, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com farelo de trigo. Adicionalmente, três subprodutos industriais do refino do óleo de milho (borra, estearina e ácidos graxos foram avaliados como substitutos do óleo de oliva na

  10. O nascimento da bioética e a constituição do biopoder El nacimiento de la bioética y la constitución del biopoder The birth of bioethics and the constitution of the biopower

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    José Roque Junges

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available O nascimento da bioética geralmente está associado a certas pessoas e fatos do contexto norte-americano. Mas essa é apenas a superfície da sua origem. O artigo tem o objetivo de mostrar que a bioética está ligada ao surgimento da gestão da vida pelo biopoder com suas dinâmicas biopolíticas. O caminho para alcançar esse objetivo consiste em rever autores como Foucault, Agamben, Negri e Hardt que analisaram em profundidade essas configurações que são a verdadeira causa do surgimento da bioética. Por isso o tipo de ética adequado para bioética é a hermenêutica crítica das dinâmicas biopolíticas. Ela consiste numa análise crítica da facticidade dessas dinâmicas no seu contexto sociocultural de configuração e nos discursos construídos para sua justificação através da hermenêutica em profundidade proposta por Thompson. Um exemplo concreto desse resultado é análise do direito à saúde atravessado pelos agenciamentos tecnosemiológicos e biopolíticos das empresas biotecnológicas.El nacimiento de la bioética, en general, se asocia a ciertas personas y hechos del contexto norteamericano. Pero esa es solamente la superfície de su origen. El artículo tiene el objetivo de demostrar que la bioética está vinculada al surgimiento de la gestión de la vida por el biopoder con sus dinámicas biopolíticas. El camino para alcanzar ese objetivo consiste en revisar autores como Foucault, Agamben, Negri y Hardt, quienes estudian en profundidad esas configuraciones que son la verdadera causa del surgimiento de la bioética. Por eso, el tipo de ética adecuado para bioética es la hermenéutica crítica de las dinámicas biopolíticas. Ella consiste en un análisis crítico de la factibilidad de esas dinámicas en su contexto sociocultural de configuración y en los discursos construidos para su justificación a través de la hermenéutica en profundidad propuesta por Thompson. Un ejemplo concreto de ese resultado es el an

  11. Bioética clínica: como praticá-la?

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    Reinaldo Ayer de Oliveira

    Full Text Available Pensar a ética significa entrar no universo da Bioética. Se entendermos, que a ética médica trata dos médicos no universo da sociedade organizada em torno de dispositivos de legalidade, de consensos e de ética do exercício da medicina, se verifica que a Bioética surgiu da necessidade de debater e decidir sobre as questões éticas relacionadas, sobretudo, com a pesquisa e os avanços científicos e as conquistas frente aos direitos humanos e os avanços sócio-culturais: ela é a expressão crítica do nosso interesse em usar convenientemente os progressos da arte médica e da ciência. No âmbito da Medicina a Bioética Clínica surgiu como uma possibilidade de se pensar e discutir a prática da medicina na dimensão das diferentes instituições sociais que lidam com a saúde e com os profissionais da área da saúde.

  12. PRODUÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES

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    Silas Sarkiz da Silva Martins

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available O petróleo está a cada dia sendo mais explorado e tem sido um recurso energético gerador de divisas para a economia de países e nações, a exemplo do Brasil, mas, também, difusor de impactos ambientais negativos. As etapas que envolvem a produção de petróleo desde a perfuração de poços até o refino, direta ou indiretamente, têm causado alterações ao meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de compreender os principais impactos ambientais gerados pelas etapas de produção de petróleo, considerando estudos de impacto ambiental (EIAs e seus respectivos relatórios de impacto ambiental (RIMAs. A avaliação dos impactos ambientais se dá através do diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do empreendimento, o qual é feito para se conhecer os componentes dos meios físico, biológico e socioeconômico da área e, posteriormente, avaliar os efeitos das atividades do empreendimento sobre os mesmos. Pela complexidade da composição química do petróleo, o risco quanto as suas atividades e seu manuseio é, na maioria dos casos, de grande potencial, pois pode haver acidentes, que, por sua vez, podem interferir negativamente no meio ambiente. Ao término do estudo, concluiu-se que a fase de produção de petróleo apresenta diversos aspectos ambientais, os quais geram impactos. Viu-se que os impactos não são apenas de caráter negativo. E, por fim, sugere-se a aplicação de medidas mitigadoras e de um sistema de gestão ambiental eficaz para a minimização e/ou eliminação de tais impactos.

  13. Desempenho na barra de tração de um trator agrícola de pneus, alimentado com misturas de óleo diesel e óleo de soja reutilizado

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    Wagner da Cunha Siqueira

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O petróleo é a principal fonte de energia para motores de combustão interna, possibilitando sua transformação em energia mecânica. A dependência do petróleo conduz à necessidade de alternativas, mediante o cultivo de matérias-primas renováveis. Os problemas atuais são os custos dos biocombustíveis, que são maiores que dos derivados do petróleo, e o fato de que não existem muitos motores de combustão adequados ao uso de óleos vegetais. Em vista disso, são necessárias mais investigações quanto às técnicas de produção e de refino dos biocombustíveis e, ainda, à adequação de motores ao uso de óleos vegetais, para que estes possam ser uma alternativa viável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as diferentes misturas e avaliar o desempenho de um trator agrícola de pneus, utilizando misturas de óleo Diesel (OD com óleo de soja reutilizável (OSR. Primeiramente, foi realizado um estudo de densidade, viscosidade das misturas e comportamento da temperatura do OD no sistema de alimentação de combustível no motor. Após as análises, verificou-se, por meio de ensaios na barra de tração, o desempenho das misturas de OD e OSR. As principais conclusões deste trabalho foram: a densidade e viscosidade das misturas sofrem variações com o aumento da quantidade de OSR e com a variação da temperatura. Para as avaliações na barra de tração, os melhores resultados observados no rendimento do trator foram verificados com o aumento das percentagens de mistura (25% OSR, para carga N, 25, 75 e 100% OSR, para a quarta marcha, como carga, e 75 e 100% OSR, para a terceira, segunda e primeira marcha, como carga.

  14. Coke fouling process on the oil refining; Processo de incrustacao por coque no refino do petroleo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bombardelli, Clovis; Fiorentin, Leila D.; Negrao, Cezar O.R.; Franco, Admilson T. [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Parana (CEFET-PR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Mecanica e de Materiais (PPGEM)

    2004-07-01

    The heavy crude fraction processing is performed under very high vacuum to minimize thermal cracking which cause coke deposition and damage the equipment. The current tendency is to process heavier oil leading to higher process temperatures and consequently to greater fouling. This situation demands better knowledge fouling process by carbonization. This problem is pronounced in the residual gasoil region of a vacuum distillation unit because it obstructs the recirculation circuits and the spray system with serious environmental and economics implications. This paper review the main correlated published work related to coke generation and fouling and presents a discussion about the works. (author)

  15. Investment trends and perspectives for world refining; Tendencias de investimento e perspectivas para o refino mundial

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pinelli, Marcelo Santos; Pertusier, Rafael Resende [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2004-07-01

    This article tackles the refining industry in an economical view. The authors analyze structural and conjectural characteristics of activities related to refining sector, looking at recent market statistics and projections that illustrate their arguments. Thus, they aim to identify the refining evolution trends and investments patterns in the main international markets, paying some attention to the assets swaps between the refining majors. The conclusion points that there should be expected a convergence of consumption patterns and production profiles, together with new investments in reforming and treating units, desinvestments in simple plants in the changing strategic positioning scenario. There should not be expected a increase in supply flexibility; rather, a greater profile match. With a recovery in economic growth, the balance between supply and demand will permit refining agents to have better conditions to take advantage from conjectural market opportunities. (author)

  16. A ética médica sob o viés da bioética: o exercício moral da cirurgia

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    Eliana Maria Restum Antonio

    Full Text Available O exercício profissional da medicina atual tem uma forte abordagem biológica, devido à crescente especialização da ciência médica. Com frequência, a ciência, por si só, não ajuda a enfrentar e resolver uma situação particular de um profissional médico, e este é o lugar onde as ciências humanas, sociais e, especialmente as outras disciplinas, como a Bioética, podem dar uma abordagem mais humana e socialista, ao estudar sistematicamente a conduta humana no campo das ciências da vida e da saúde, através da luz dos valores e princípios morais. Como parte deste estudo, o segmento que está limitado à análise dos conflitos éticos decorrentes da prática da medicina e da assistência ao paciente, é conhecido como Ética médica. A Ética médica, no âmbito da cirurgia, compreende a integração do paciente cirúrgico com a natureza do cirurgião, influenciada pela sua formação e pelo seu treinamento, pela sua sensibilidade em identificar o que é correto. O ético não deve estar apenas no procedimento, no ato cirúrgico propriamente dito ou no que acontece em uma sala de operação ou mesmo no exercício da cirurgia como especialidade. A ética deve estar na vida e conduta do cirurgião, de forma que todos os atos profissionais e de vida devam ser eticamente válidos.

  17. Moralidade política e bioética: os fundamentos liberais da legitimidade do controle de constitucionalidade

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    Dutra, Delamar José Volpato

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available O maior problema do controle de constitucionalidade - um dos institutos básicos do estado dedireito -, com relação à sua justificação democrática, é a chamada dificuldade contra-majoritária [countermajoritarian dificulty], já apontada por Bickel. O texto apresenta o tratamento dessa questão em Habermas, Rawls e Dworkin, a partir da bioética, especialmente o caso do aborto, da eutanasia e da eugenia. Argumenta-se que a justificação moral de boa parte do controle de constitucionalidade encontra sua base em fundamentos morais impostos ao legislador, a partir de uma perspectiva liberal. Tais fundamentos são reconstituidos, tendo em vista a posição tolerante de Locke concemente à problemática religiosa

  18. A bio-economic appraisal of pair trawl fisheries off southeastern Brazil Uma análise bio-econômica da pesca de parelhas no sudeste do Brasil

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    Luiz Arnaud Britto de Castro

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available A study of the pair trawl fisheries was made in an attempt to introduce bio-economic models into fishery management in southern and southeastern Brazil. The biological parameters of demersal fishes found in the literature were used to mount the bio-economic model. Since there are no historical data on the economics of the fishery industry, the present market values of fish and of the diverse items that compose the costs of the catch have been used. The results show that the fleet was oversized in the period 1976-1981. The number of boats was reduced from 28 pairs to only 11 in 1996, but was still considered too big. The size of the fleet is reflected in the economic results of the analysis which shows negative returns. However, the fact that some of the fixed costs are not actually spent by the owners of the boats, as many of them have no insurance and most of the boats are already completely paid off and do not accrue costs on the capital invested must all be taken into account. On the other hand, the income figures used in this analysis did not take into account the value of the by-catch landed.Numa primeira tentativa de introduzir modelos bio-econômicos no gerenciamento pesqueiro no sudeste e sul do Brasil realizou-se um estudo da pesca de parelhas. Para isso construiu-se um modelo utilizando os parâmetros biológicos disponíveis na literatura. Como não há registros históricos de dados econômicos da pesca, foram utilizados os valores atuais do pescado e dos diversos insumos utilizados nessa atividade. Os resultados indicam que a frota estava superdimensionada no período de 1976-1981. De fato, daquela época até 1996, essa frota reduziu-se de 28 parelhas para apenas 11, um número ainda excessivo. O superdimensionamento da frota reflete-se nos resultados econômicos da análise, na forma de retornos financeiros negativos. Entretanto, deve-se levar em conta que alguns dos custos fixos não representam efetivo desembolso por parte dos

  19. Processo PTA-P - Uma revisão da literatura como base para inovações: parte 2 de 2: comportamento térmico e cinemático do pó, parâmetros e consumíveis do processo PTA-P Process - A literature review as basis for innovations: part 2 of 2: powder thermal and kinematic behavior, process parameters and consumables

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Régis Henrique Gonçalves e Silva

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available A forma do material de adição confere ao processo PTA-P alguns de seus principais diferenciais de desempenho em relação ao processo com adição de arame. No campo metalúrgico, há maior flexibilidade de manipulação da composição química do depósito pela mistura de pós; o material particulado também favorece maior refino da microestrutura. Em termos de processo, o pó favorece maior controlabilidade da poça metálica e geometria do cordão. Por outro lado, o pó também é a origem de grandes desafios tecnológicos, principalmente em aplicações não convencionais, como na posição sobrecabeça. Assim, o estudo sobre o comportamento do pó em sua trajetória até a poça de fusão foi realizado, como base de conhecimento para inovações do sistema. São descritas as propriedades e processos de fabricação do material de adição e suas implicações sobre o processo. Também neste segundo artigo da série é apresentado um panorama dos parâmetros utilizados em trabalhos industriais e de P&D relatados na literatura, sob diferentes condições e aplicações, incluindo regulagens elétricas e os parâmetros geométricos da tocha e alimentação de material. Com influência fundamental no resultado da solda, também os gases do processo são abordados.The form of the filler material yields to the PTA-P Process some of its performance distinctions in relation to wire feed. In the metallurgical field, there is manipulation flexibility over the material, and therefore the deposit's chemical composition by means of powder mixture; in addition, greater grain refining is favored by the particulate material. In terms of process, one can mention better molten pool controllability and bead finishing from powder. On the other hand, particulate material consists also in the origin of technological challenges, mainly in non conventional applications, like overhead position welding. Hence, studies on the powder behavior in its way until the

  20. A Bioética e a psicologia da saúde: reflexões sobre questões de vida e morte Bioethics and health psychology: reflecting upon life and death questions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilma da Costa Torres

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho focaliza os fatores impulsionadores do surgimento da Bioética, destacando: a a revolução científica e tecnológica, e b a revolução social dos anos 1960. Descreve o desenvolvimento histórico da Bioética desde sua definição inicial como ciência da sobrevivência humana até seu estágio atual - o da Bioética Global, e suas fronteiras com os vários campos do saber. A psicologia da saúde integra esse contexto multidisciplinar principalmente por sua reflexão sobre temas desafiadores da Bioética, entre os quais são aqui discutidos aqueles decorrentes da medicina intensiva (eutanásia e distanásia e aqueles derivados da medicina substitutiva (transplantes. Questões básicas como definição de morte, consentimento livre e informado são analisadas como ainda polêmicas e controvertidas. Conclui-se com as indagações sobre as quimeras da ciência para triunfar sobre a doença e os problemas da ordem canibal que se espera diminuam na medida em que as terapêuticas etiológicas e fisiológicas progridamThe present work focus on factors that contributed to the emerging field of Bioethic. Among, those, we point out: a technological and scientific revolution; b social revolution of the 60's. It describes the historical development of Bioethic, from its former definition as a science of human survival to its current stage - Global Bioethic and its boundaries with different fields of knowledge. Health Psychology takes part in this multidisciplinary context, mainly due to its reflection upon challenging themes that involve Bioethics; among these themes, we discuss here those brought about by intensive medicine (euthanasia and disthanasia and the ones that are a consequence of substitutive medicine (transplants. Basic questions, such as death definition, free and informed consent, are analysed as still polemic and controversial. The article is concluded raising questions upon the chimeras of science to triumph over

  1. O cadáver no ensino da anatomia humana: uma visão metodológica e bioética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilliene Batista Ferreira da Costa

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivos analisar a opinião de alunos sobre as metodologias de ensino aplicadas em aulas práticas de anatomia humana e abordar questões bioéticas envolvidas na utilização dos cadáveres. Este estudo foi realizado mediante aplicação de questionário a 542 alunos dos cursos do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco que cursavam a disciplina de anatomia humana em 2011. Os dados obtidos revelaram que 88,9% dos entrevistados consideraram indispensável o uso de cadáver humano nas aulas práticas e que 98,3% empregam materiais didáticos auxiliares. Quanto às questões bioéticas, 80,7% afirmaram ter recebido informação sobre o respeito ao manipular um cadáver. Observou-se que o uso de cadáveres humanos foi considerado indispensável ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem no estudo da anatomia humana e que a relação em seu manuseio se reflete na conduta do futuro profissional com os pacientes, fortalecendo a humanização dos profissionais de saúde.

  2. Microbial contamination of stored hydrocarbon fuels and its control Contaminação microbiana de combustíveis hidrocarbonados e o seu controle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christine C. Gaylarde

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available The major microbial problem in the petroleum refining industry is contamination of stored products, which can lead to loss of product quality, formation of sludge and deterioration of pipework and storage tanks, both in the refinery and at the end-user. Three major classes of fuel are discussed in this article - gasoline, aviation kerosene and diesel, corresponding to increasingly heavy petroleum fractions. The fuel that presents the most serious microbiological problems is diesel. The many microorganisms that have been isolated from hydrocarbon fuel systems are listed. The conditions required for microbial growth and the methods used to monitor and to control this activity are discussed. The effects of various fuel additives, including biocides, are considered.O problema microbiano maior na indústria de refino de petróleo é a contaminação de produtos armazenados, que pode levar à perda da qualidade, à formação de borra e à deterioração de tubulações e tanques de estocagem, na refinaria e no usuário. São abordadas, neste artigo, três classes de combustível, gasolina, querosene de aviação e óleo diesel, correspondente à ordem crescente de peso no fracionamento de petróleo. O óleo diesel apresenta os problemas microbiológicos mais sérios. São relatados os diversos microrganismos isolados de sistemas de combustíveis hidrocarbonados. São apresentadas as condições necessárias para crescimento microbiano e os métodos utilizados para o monitoramento e controle desse crescimento. Os efeitos de diversos aditivos, inclusive biocidas, são discutidos

  3. The importance of hydrorefining in the Brazilian refining scheme; Importancia do hidrorefino no parque de refino brasileiro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perisse, Juarez Barbosa; Oddone, Maria Regina Rezende [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    The first PETROBRAS hydroprocessing units were installed at Paraiba Vale (REVAP) and Gabriel Passos (REGAP) refineries in the eighties. The main purpose of these units was to remove contaminants as sulphur, from petroleum products such as diesel and gasoline. At this time, Brazil used to import almost all the petroleum processed. Moreover, since the diesel and gasoline specifications were not as stringent as nowadays, all products could be directly commercialized from the distillation unit without requiring any other treatment. As the environmental awareness increases products quality restrictions evolve, beginning with sulphur content and then achieving other properties like density, boiling range etc. This paper presents the evolution of petroleum products quality in Brazil and the effort made by PETROBRAS through the implementation of hydroprocessing units in order to cope with the new stringent products quality. (author)

  4. The impact of heavy and acid oil production in PETROBRAS downstream area; A influencia dos petroleos pesados e acidos no parque de refino da PETROBRAS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perisse, Juarez Barbosa; Oddone, Maria Regina Rezende; Bela, Donizeti Aurelio Silva [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2004-07-01

    PETROBRAS is facing a great challenge processing heavy and acid oils. The low API of the more recent offshore discoveries leads to an increase in vacuum residue yields which is one important component of the fuel oil's 'pool'. The fuel oil demand is expected to decrease along the next years due to natural gas substitution and to environmental issues, generating exceeding fuel oil exportation at low prices. This paper will discuss World and PETROBRAS technological choices to process these oils meeting the required future demand and quality. A comparison among various residue conversion technologies is also presented in this paper focused on the reduction of fuel oil production and on the improvement of diesel / gasoline rate. Another important issue that will be discussed in this paper is related to the different solutions implemented all over the world to deal with the crude acidity problem and the solutions adopted by PETROBRAS. (author)

  5. Alteração de enzimas hepáticas em trabalhadores de refinaria de petróleo

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    Carvalho Fernando Martins

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A exposição ocupacional típica de uma refinaria de petróleo pode alterar a função hepática de seus trabalhadores. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar fatores de risco de alterações em enzimas hepáticas em trabalhadores de uma refinaria de petróleo. MÉTODOS: Os trabalhadores de uma refinaria de petróleo, localizada em São Francisco do Conde, Estado da Bahia, eram submetidos a exames periódicos anuais de 1982 a1998. O estudo caso-controle investigou todos os 150 casos de indivíduos com alteração simultânea de gama-glutamil transferase e de alanino amino transferase, de pelo menos 10% acima do valor de referência. Como controles, foram selecionados 150 indivíduos sem quaisquer alterações de enzimas hepáticas ou de bilirrubinas, desde a sua admissão. Foram calculadas as razões de chance e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% a partir de modelos de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Em todos os setores de produção, o risco de alteração de enzimas hepáticas foi significantemente mais elevado do que no setor administrativo (RC=5,7; IC 95%: 1,7-18,4, estando controlados os efeitos do álcool, obesidade e antecedentes médicos de hepatite. No período 1992-1994 foram registrados 89 casos, 88 deles provieram dos diversos setores da produção. CONCLUSÕES: A exposição ocupacional desempenha papel importante na determinação de alterações de enzimas hepáticas em trabalhadores do refino de petróleo, além dos fatores de risco eminentemente biológicos e/ou comportamentais como obesidade e o consumo de álcool.

  6. Analise do conhecimento sobre bioética e psicologia médica dos alunos de 1° a 6° ano do curso de medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Souza Barreto Neto

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: Compreender e praticar a psicologia médica e a bioética é fundamental para o exercício da medicina. A psicologia médica enfoca as condições emocionais do paciente e como o médico pode lidar com paciente e sua família auxiliando no entendimento e na melhora da relação médico paciente. Já a bioética favorece o profissional na tomada de decisões frente ao tratamento Objetivos: Identificar o conhecimento dos alunos de 1° a 6° ano do curso de medicina da PUC-SP sobre os temas abordados nas disciplinas de Psicologia Médica e Bioética através do questionário elaborado. Metodologia: Pesquisa quantitativa realizada pela aplicação de questionários fechados nos alunos de 1° a 6° ano do curso de medicina da PUC-SP sobre os temas da bioética e da psicologia. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado através da análise estatística com o teste de partição do qui-quadrado (COCHRAN, W.G., 1954 para a avaliação da quantidade e qualidade de conhecimento. Resultados: Participaram 220 alunos, sendo que a maior participação foi do sexto ano (12,65% Os dados demonstram que há um aumento de conhecimento dos tópicos avaliados no decorrer do curso e que as situações avaliadas indicam que os alunos têm condições de atuar na prática. Conclusões: O PBL inclui alguns dos temas propostos, mas observa-se que há necessidade de um incremento dos tópicos no estudo desenvolvidos para que haja um aumento significativo no conhecimento de bioética e psicologia médica.

  7. Estratégia Saúde da Família em Cena: a Formação Bioética dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, em Três Atos

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    Selma Vaz Vidal

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este artigo expõe e discute os resultados da I Oficina de Formação em Bioética e Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF – dirigida aos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS –, espaço criado com o intuito de proporcionar oportunidades para o (reconhecimento e a argumentação sobre problemas éticos na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS, permitindo a incorporação da bioética na construção de competências para o trabalho na ESF. O método utilizado abrangeu uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa e descritiva. Cinquenta e três ACS participantes da ESF – residentes e atuantes no município de Magé – assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, e, destes, 43 devolveram o questionário de avaliação da oficina. Para efeitos de exposição, apresenta-se a trajetória em três atos organizativos: 1º ato – preparação; 2º ato – realização; 3º ato – visões. Os resultados e a discussão se iniciaram com a construção do perfil dos ACS. Emergiram das respostas dos participantes da I Oficina três quadros demonstrativos e uma categoria de análise. Nas conclusões, destaca-se a bioética, como caixa de ferramentas capaz de propiciar aos ACS conceitos, teorias e métodos éticos para o pleno exercício do cuidado no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família.

  8. A Integracao de Ensino das Ciencias da Saude (An Integrated Medical Education Program [in Brazil]).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pourchet-Campos, M. A.; Guimaraes Junior, Paulino

    At the Sixth Annual Reunion of the Brazilian Association of Medical Schools (VI Reuniao Anual da Associacao Brasileira de Escolas Medicas) leaders in the Brazilian medical profession proposed an integrated educational program for training students in the fields of medicine and public health. Under Brazil's present system of education, all…

  9. Correntes da bioética frente às pessoas com deficiência =Bioethical tendencies regarding peoplewith deficiency

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    Immig, Cláudio Vicente

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo foi extraído de parte do segundo capítulo da tese de doutorado apresentada pelo autor em fevereiro de 2010 na Academia Alfonsiana de Roma. Nele são apresentadas diferentes correntes bioéticas com seus respectivos posicionamentos e suas consequências práticas na vida das pessoas com deficiência. Através de algumas citações das obras Ética prática e Fundamentos da bioética, respectivamente de Peter Singer e Hugo T. Engelhardt, se constata a urgência de denunciar os perigos desta corrente utilitarista e deste modelo contratualista, pois ao negarem o status de pessoa para os seres humanos com deficiência mental grave, anulam a sua dignidade, negando os direitos proclamados pelas nações. Percebe-se a necessidade de uma antropologia de fundo para que o conceito de pessoa não fique restrito às capacidades, à autonomia e autodeterminação, mas que supere esta leitura parcial que reduz a dignidade humana à decisão dos agentes morais. Através da bioética personalista se observa a importância de considerar a pessoa em todas as suas dimensões, acentuando o aspecto da dignidade humana que é anterior às capacidades e às transcende, exigindo acolhida e respeito, de modo especial nas situações de vulnerabilidade, questionando assim o agir ético. This article was extracted from the second chapter of the doctorate thesis presented by the author in February 2010 in the Alphonsian Academy of Rome. In the article are showed different bioethics fronts with their respective positions and their practical consequences in disabled people’s lives. By some quotations from the works Practical Ethics and The foundations of Bioethics, from Peter Singer and Hugo T. Engelhardt respectively, we can see the urgency of reporting the dangers of this utilitarian front and this contractual model, because, when they deny the person status to the human beings with a serious mental disease, they declare their dignity invalid, denying the

  10. Fendas lábio-palatinas : protocolo terapêutico

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira, Mário Rui Fernandes

    2012-01-01

    Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina área científica de Cirurgia Maxilo-Facial, apresentada á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra As fendas lábio-palatinas representam a malformação congénita mais comum a nível da cabeça e do pescoço. Estas malformações assumem uma grande diversidade clínica e morfológica. As fendas lábio-palatinas apresentam uma prevalência global de 1:700, no entanto esta varia de acordo com as diferentes áreas geográficas, sendo mais frequent...

  11. Ensino de bioética e cuidados paliativos nas escolas médicas do Brasil

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    José Ricardo de Oliveira

    Full Text Available Este artigo avalia a atual situação curricular da Bioética e Cuidados Paliativos nas escolas médicas brasileiras. A articulação entre o ensino de Bioética e Cuidados Paliativos tem sido pouco investigada na área da saúde. Os profissionais responsáveis pela elaboração dos currículos parecem não se preocupar com o conhecimento dessas áreas e com a formação de profissionais que atendam às necessidades emergentes do campo da Bioética, com ênfase em cuidados paliativos.

  12. Bio-flex obtained from pyrolysis of biomass as fuel; Bio-flex obtido da pirolise de biomassa como combustivel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mesa Perez, Juan Miguel; Viltre Rodriguez, Roberto Alfonso; Marin Mesa, Henry Ramon [Bioware Tecnologia, Campinas, SP (Brazil); Rocha, Jose Dilcio [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NIPE/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Planejamento Energetico; Samaniego, Manuel Raul Pelaez [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos; Cortez, Luis Augusto Barbosa [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Agricola

    2006-07-01

    This paper describes the BIOWARE experience in the bio fuel production from biomass residues. Fast pyrolysis of a mixture of sugar cane trash and elephant grass carried out in a fluidized bed reactor with capacity of 200 kg/h dry feed (12% w/w). The co-products particulate charcoal, acid extract, and bio-oil were obtained. The fast pyrolysis pilot plant PPR-200 belonged to UNICAMP and is operated by BIOWARE personnel. This paper presents the chemical rote to bio-flex production (a kind of bio diesel from acid esterification) from pyrolytic carboxylic acids. Both ethanol and methanol were used as reactant but higher yields were found with methanol. (author)

  13. Application of neural networks to the petroleum refining industry; Aplicando redes neurais a industria de refino de petroleo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silva, R M.C.F. da [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Chaves, C. [Fundacao Gorceix, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

    2000-07-01

    Neural Network technology is an approach for describing behavior from process data, using mathematical algorithms and statistical techniques. The use of Neural Network in industrial process modeling and property estimation of feedstocks or products, is increasing in several kinds of chemical industries. This paper comments about critical successful factors, advantages and disadvantages of this methodology. Moreover, it presents some applications in Hydrotreating Process of the petroleum refining industry. In Hydrotreating of feedstocks, knowledge about characteristics of process regarding product property estimation, hydrogen consumption and removal of contaminants (sulfur, nitrogen, aromatics), are very important to process optimization, product specification and environment protection. The Neural Network technique has been used to model the behaviour of the chemical hydrogen consumption, the conversions of the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrodesulfurization and hydro denitrogenation reactions and the physical properties of product with operational conditions and feedstock properties. In addition, Neural Networks have been built to predict the cetane number of feedstocks. (author)

  14. Aspectos cualitativos del aprendizaje en el Programa de Ética de la Investigación Biomédica y Psicosocial del Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Bioética de la Universidad de Chile Aspectos qualitativos da aprendizagem no Programa de Ética da Pesquisa Biomédica e Psicossocial do Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Bioética da Universidade do Chile Learning qualitative aspects of the ethics of biomedical and psychosocial research program of the Interdisciplinary Center for Studies on Bioethics, University of Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Rodríguez

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre la experiencia de 10 años en procesos de aprendizaje grupal y adquisición de competencias, de los participantes en el Programa de Ética de la Investigación Biomédica y Psicosocial del Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Bioética de la Universidad de Chile, Fogarty Grant R25TW6056. Considera el papel de la bioética en la formación en su carácter transdisciplinario.O presente trabalho reflete a experiência de 10 anos em processos de aprendizagem em grupo e aquisição de competências dos participantes no Programa de Ética da Pesquisa Biomédica e Psicossocial do Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Bioética da Universidade do Chile, Fogarty Grant R25TW6056. Considera o papel da bioética na formação de seu caráter transdisciplinar.This article reflects on the ten years experience of group learning processes and skills acquisition by trainees of the ethics of biomedical and psychosocial research international training program from the Interdisciplinary Center for Studies on Bioethics of the University of Chile, Fogarty Grant R25TW6056. It takes into consideration the role of bioethics in training in its transdisciplinary character.

  15. A Tomada de Decisão (Bioética: Estudo Preliminar Utilizando o Mobile Eye Tracking

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    Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista

    Full Text Available RESUMO A tomada de decisão é uma das dimensões essenciais da formação do profissional da saúde, como mencionado nas atuais Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina. O processo decisório, no âmbito da saúde, envolve diferentes aspectos, incluindo os elementos (bioéticos. Nesse sentido, pesquisas que investiguem a tomada de decisão em (bioética poderão elucidar passos ainda não completamente esclarecidos, permitindo uma construção mais efetiva das competências em (bioética, na graduação e na pós-graduação. Diante desta perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo é explorar possibilidades de uso do Mobile Eye Tracking para o estudo do papel da atenção visual – durante a exibição de filmes de cinema – no processo decisório em (bioética.

  16. O modelo bioético principialista aplicado no manejo da dor El principialismo bioético modelo aplicado en el tratamiento del dolor The bioethical principlism model applied in pain management

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Layz Alves Ferreira Souza

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, com o objetivo de analisar a produção científica referente às relações entre a dor e os princípios da bioética: autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça. Foram utilizados descritores controlados em três bases de dados internacionais (LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, em abril de 2012, resultando em 14 publicações, distribuídas nas categorias Dor e autonomia, Dor e beneficência, Dor e não maleficência, Dor e justiça. O alívio adequado da dor é um direito humano e uma questão moral que se relaciona diretamente com a bioética principialista. Entretanto, muitos profissionais negligenciam a dor de seus pacientes, desconsiderando seu papel ético frente ao sofrimento.Concluiu-se que o principialismo tem sido negligenciado no atendimento aos pacientes com dor, evidenciando a necessidade de novas práticas para mudança desse panorama.Se realizó una revisión de la literatura para analizar la producción científica relacionadas con el dolor y los principios de la bioética (autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia. Se utilizaron descriptores controlados en tres fuentes de datos internacionales (LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, en abril de 2012, totalizando14 publicaciones, distribuidas en las clases: el dolor y la autonomía, el dolor y la beneficencia, el dolor y no maleficencia, el dolor y la justicia. El adecuado alivio del dolor es un derecho humano y un problema moral relacionado directamente con el principialismo bioético (beneficencia, no maleficencia, autonomía y justicia. Sin embargo, muchos profesionales negligencian el dolor de sus pacientes, ignorando su papel ético frente al sufrimiento. Se concluyó que el principialismo ha sido descuidado en la atención de los pacientes con dolor evidenciando la necesidad de nuevas prácticas para cambiar este panorama.An integrative literature review was developed with the purpose to analyze the scientific production

  17. Partida de reator anaeróbio compartimentado em série com um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo, utilizando parâmetros de sedimentabilidade para formação da biomassa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristine Serafine Neves

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar a formação da biomassa de boa qualidade tanto no reator anaeróbio compartimentado (RAC quanto no reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB, aplicando parâmetros adequados à sedimentação dos sólidos sedimentáveis (SS presentes na água residuária de suinocultura (ARS. O RAC e o UASB operaram em série com os tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDHs de 15 e 9h, respectivamente, correspondendo a cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COVs médias de 53,8 e 36,2 kg.m³.d¹ em termos de DQOT, respectivamente. As eficiências médias de remoção de DBO520°C, durante o processo de partida e formação da biomassa, foram: 68% para RAC e 55% para UASB, e em termos de DQO: 78% para RAC e 70% para UASB, respectivamente. Os autores concluíram que é possível, mediante os parâmetros de sedimentação adotados, formar uma biomassa peletizada, mesmo operando o sistema com altas cargas orgânicas.

  18. Ensino da Bioética na formação do enfermeiro: interface com a bibliografia adotada La enseñanza de la Bioética en la formación del enfermero: relación con la bibliografía adoptada The teaching of Bioethics in the education of nurses: interface with the adopted literature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nildo Batista Mascarenhas

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar e descrever as fontes bibliográficas, utilizadas pelos docentes no ensino da Ética/Bioética em Enfermagem nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem de Salvador-BA. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, quanti-qualitativo. A análise dos dados teve três momentos e foi guiada pelas temáticas da Ética, Bioética e Exercício Profissional. RESULTADOS: A análise dos dados de cinco cursos, mostrou que os docentes adotam obras que contemplam aspectos relacionados à deontologia, exercício da enfermagem, fundamentos da Bioética e da Ética. CONCLUSÃO: O ensino da Ética/Bioética nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem de Salvador não se restringe a uma abordagem deontológica e fornece os subsídios básicos para a reflexão crítica e moral dos futuros enfermeiros.OBJETIVO: Identificar y describir las fuentes bibliográficas, utilizadas por los profesores en la enseñanza de la Ética/Bioética en Enfermería en los cursos de graduación de Enfermería en Salvador, Bahía. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, cuantitativo y cualitativo. El análisis de los datos fue realizado en tres etapas y fue guiado por los temas: Ética, Bioética y Práctica Profesional. RESULTADOS: El análisis de los datos de cinco cursos, mostró que los profesores adoptan obras que incluyen aspectos relacionados con la deontología, con la práctica de la enfermería, con los fundamentos de la Bioética y de la Ética. CONCLUSIÓN: La enseñanza de la Ética/Bioética en cursos de graduación en Escuelas de Enfermería, en Salvador, no se limita a un enfoque deontológico y proporciona los medios básicos para el pensamiento crítico y el desarrollo moral de las futuras enfermeras.OBJECTIVE: To identify and to describe the bibliographic sources used by professors in the teaching of Ethics/Bioethics in nursing undergraduate courses, in nursing schools, in Salvador, Bahia. METHODS: This is an exploratory and quantitative study

  19. Répteis e anfíbios de uma região pouco conhecida do sudeste da Amazônia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues França

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Amazônia é a maior floresta tropical do mundo e possui uma enorme biodiversidade. Entretanto, algumas regiões ainda são pouco conhecidas. Este trabalho apresenta um inventário da herpetofauna de uma destas regiões, o município de Boca do Acre, no sudoeste do Amazonas. O inventário foi realizado em dois períodos, uma amostragem durante o meio da estação chuvosa e outra ao final da mesma estação. Diversos métodos foram empregados para as amostragens, como armadilhas de interceptação e queda, procuras visuais diurnas e noturnas, procuras de carro em trechos da BR 317, e registros oportunísticos. Cinqüenta e seis espécies de anfíbios e 53 de répteis foram registradas durante o inventário. Vinte e sete espécies foram capturadas nas armadilhas de interceptação e queda e 38 foram encontradas na BR317, sendo as serpentes o grupo mais impactado por atropelamentos. A curva de acumulação de espécies não atingiu a estabilidade indicando que o inventário não está completo. Os resultados demonstram a grande riqueza de espécies desta região, sua importância para a biodiversidade da Amazônia, e a urgência em sua preservação.

  20. Bioética clínica: ciência e humanidade = Clinical bioethics: science and humanity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Batista, Cristiano Corrêa

    2005-01-01

    Resultados e conclusão: Nossa conclusão é de a medicina não ser apenas uma ciência, mas também uma arte. Ela exige, em situações particulares, elaborar julgamentos de valor. A Bioética Clínica, surge para guiar caminhos combinando o conhecimento técnico- científico das ciências biomédicas com o conhecimento filosófico. Por meio da Bioética Clínica é possível resgatar os aspectos humanos da arte da medicina

  1. Strategy fortify the engineering activities in the downstream sector; Estrategia para o fortalecimento das atividades de engenharia no refino

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lafraia, Joao Ricardo Barusso; Meniconi, Vitor Marcio de Marco; Campos, Michel Fabianski [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Almeida, Antonio Humberto Pereira de [Federacao das Industria do Estado de Minas Gerais (FIEMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Burman, Michel Jaques; Freire, Luiz Gustavo de Melo [Accenture, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    The strategy to fortify the engineering activities in the downstream sector consists in the creation of the Center of Excellence in Engineering. The main objectives of the Center are the following: promote the knowledge transfer between experienced and junior professionals and retain the knowledge generated in specific engineering project. Hence the union of all those factors above will result in a valuable asset which is the development of engineering capabilities among the project team ('learn by doing methodology'). (author)

  2. Ética, Bioética e Educação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jansen Ribeiro PIRES

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo mostra que a publicação do livro Bioética: uma ponte para o futuro, de Van Rensselaer, mudou a perspectiva dos estudos sobre a ética nos cenários nacional e internacional, concedendo a esta área do conhecimento uma importância nunca antes observada no que se refere à educação e cooperação internacional. Com a promulgação, em 2005, da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos – DUBDH, o Estado brasileiro passou a ter obrigação de envidar esforços para promoção da formação e educação em bioética. Trata-se de uma disciplina que se fundamenta nas reflexões filosóficas, razão pela qual, se fez necessário expor as diferenças conceituais entre ética e moral utilizando-se das concepções de Heráclito e Aristóteles. Ademais, o presente estudo apresenta uma definição operacional da ética mais próxima dos princípios estabelecidos na DUBDH. Por fim, procura chamar atenção para o fato de que, apesar do compromisso firmado pelo Estado, a disciplina bioética encontra-se ainda restrita aos cursos de graduação e pósgraduação, sendo ministrada, principalmente, por profissionais que não têm formação em filosofia, ética ou bioética.

  3. Bioética clínica: ciência e humanidade = Clinical bioethics: science and humanity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Batista, Cristiano Corrêa

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: A medicina pré-moderna tinha por enfoque a harmonia entre o universo e a natureza e tudo era aparentemente possível para os médicos aptos a interpretarem sinais e sintomas. A partir da invenção do estetoscópio inicia-se o processo de investigação do interior dos corpos vivos. Ao longo do tempo, a medicina foi sendo impregnada com a tecnologia e, nos dias atuais, a chamada tecnociência se faz onipresente deixando em segundo plano, ou até mesmo ausente, a interação médico-paciente. Urge a criação de uma nova indústria intelectual com a capacidade de criticar essa nova forma de praticar a medicina embasada principalmente na tecnologia. O objetivo do presente artigo é fazer uma reflexão, por meio da bioética clínica, dessa nova forma de praticar a medicina na tentativa de resgatar o lado humano da ciência médica. Método: Foi realizada uma consulta na base de dados da Medline e LILACS nos últimos dez anos e uma revisão da literatura nacional em torno do tema medicina, bioética, ciência e humanidade. Resultados e conclusão: Nossa conclusão é de a medicina não ser apenas uma ciência, mas também uma arte. Ela exige, em situações particulares, elaborar julgamentos de valor. A Bioética Clínica, surge para guiar caminhos combinando o conhecimento técnico-científico das ciências biomédicas com o conhecimento filosófico. Por meio da Bioética Clínica é possí- vel resgatar os aspectos humanos da arte da medicina

  4. Fronteiras e pontes na bioética. O caso português

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michel Renaud

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available No Portugal actual como em todos os países levanta-se, para os especialistas de ética, uma questão transversal, de natureza filosófica. Esta questão acompanha uma grande parte das deliberações sobre problemas bioéticos da vida quotidiana; quais são e onde estão os limites além dos quais entraríamos na zona cinzenta ou mesmo vermelha da desumanização? A teoria dos limites afecta de modo singular todas as ciências. Aquí também, no campo da bioética, será possível determinar a priori os limites da intervenção sobre o ser humano? Será que tudo pode ser investigado? Quais as experiências que se tornam propriamente imorais?o autor faz uma reflexão geral e, em seguida, digite duas questões importantes na história recente de Portugal: o uso de procriação medicamente assistida e a questão da eutanásia.

  5. Síntese e caracterização de hidróxidos duplos a partir da lama vermelha Synthesis and characterization of layered double hydroxides from red mud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. V. P. O. Cunha

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available O resíduo do refino da bauxita, comumente conhecido como lama vermelha, tem mostrado ser capaz de ligar metais traços tais como o cobre, cádmio, zinco, cromo, níquel e chumbo sob condições apropriadas. A neutralização da lama vermelha é necessária porque essa lama é tipicamente cáustica, com pH em torno de 13. Muitas pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas envolvendo a utilização da lama vermelha, porque contem uma série de elementos valiosos. Assim a utilização da lama vermelha como material de construção e como adsorvente é atrativa porque ela é utilizada em grande quantidade. Nada pode ser feito sem descartar componentes valiosos como titânio, zircônio e principalmente ferro. A síntese de hidrotalcita conectada com a reciclagem de soluções alcalinas representa uma maneira efetiva de uso dessa solução considerando a forte demanda por proteção ambiental no mundo. Os compostos tipo hidrotalcita, precipitados durante a neutralização da lama, também removem oxi-ânions de metais de transição através da combinação de intercalações e adsorção de espécies aniônicas na sua superfície externa. Os hidróxidos duplos lamelares (HDL vêm sendo investigados à muitos anos como materiais hospedeiros para uma variedade de reações de intercalação de anions. A estrutura lamelar dos HDLs pode ser usada para controlar a adição ou remoção de uma variedade de espécies químicas, tanto orgânicas quanto inorgânicas. Isto é alcançado através de sua habilidade de adaptar a separação das lamelas de hidróxidos, e da reatividade da região interlamelar. O material resultante adsorve anions quando colocado em soluções e reverte a estrutura da hidrotalcita. Avanços significativos têm sido alcançados recentemente na caracterização desses materiais, incluindo estudos estruturais sobre o mecanismo de intercalação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a síntese e caracterização de HDLs a partir da lama vermelha, e

  6. Caracterização microestrutural e propriedades mecânicas da liga de alumínio 2198-T851 em configuração tailored blank soldada por FSW - Friction Stir Welding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivan Moroz

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Nos setores industriais relacionados à aeronáutica e automobilística, tem-se buscado o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de ligas metálicas leves com o intuito da redução de massa dos produtos e consequente redução do consumo de combustível. Por suas dimensões e requisitos estruturais, componentes e seções de aviões e automóveis são produzidos através da união por processos de soldagem por fusão. Entretanto, processos de soldagem no estado sólido são preferíveis por evitar defeitos decorrentes da fusão, e têm sido objeto de estudo nas últimas duas décadas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a caracterização de uma solda por FSW - Friction Stir Welding em junta de topo, da Liga de Alumínio 2198-T851 com espessuras diferentes (configuração "Tailored Blanks". A metodologia utilizada na caracterização envolveu a determinação das propriedades mecânicas das juntas soldadas, compreendendo ensaios de tração e determinação de perfil de microdureza na seção transversal; e buscou-se compreender a relação entre as alterações microestruturais promovidas pelo processo de soldagem e as propriedades resultantes. Concluiu-se que, devido aos fenômenos metalúrgicos decorrentes do processo de soldagem utilizado, alterações microestruturais tais como refino de grão, encruamento e dissolução/formação de fases precipitadas permitiram a obtenção de uma solda cujas propriedades mecânicas de tração (salvo alongamento igualaram-se a ou excederam aquelas do metal base, evidenciando a viabilidade de utilização dos parâmetros de soldagem por FSW utilizados neste trabalho.In both aeronautic and automobile related industries, development and application of light-weighted metallic alloys have been pursued with the intention of reducing product weight and consequent fuel consumption. Due to their dimension and structural requirements, components and sections from airplanes and automobiles are produced through fusion

  7. Exercício aeróbio: Aspectos bioenergéticos, ajustes fisiológicos, fadiga e índices de desempenho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrizio Caputo

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2009v11n1p94   O objetivo deste trabalho foi trazer informações atuais e relevantes a respeito dos aspectos fisiológicos determinantes do rendimento e treinamento dos esportes aeróbios. Diferente do que se tem sido comumente apresentado, o metabolismo aeróbio responde rapidamente a demanda energética, com um exercício máximo de 75 s, apresentando iguais contribuições do sistema aeróbio e anaeróbio para a produção total de energia. No entanto, em exercícios acima dessa duração, os possíveis mecanismos da fadiga relacionados ao metabolismo anaeróbio ainda são os principais determinantes da tolerância ao exercício. Em durações mais prolongadas (acima de 60 min, a depleção de glicogênio, o desequilíbrio hídrico e eletrolítico, elevação da temperatura corporal terão um papel decisivo no rendimento. As mais importantes variáveis do desempenho aeróbio têm sido organizadas em um modelo que integra fatores como o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max, limiares relacionados à resposta do lactato ao exercício e a eficiência muscular. Para atletas de elite, observa-se que em adição a um elevado valor de VO2max, o sucesso em eventos aeróbios também requer uma capacidade de se exercitar por um tempo prolongado a uma alta porcentagem do VO2max, bem como, uma eficiente conversão da energia produzida para a forma de trabalho muscular. Dependendo da duração da modalidade que se compete, os treinos deverão objetivar uma melhora da IVO2max, capacidade anaeróbia lática e tolerância à acidose, para as competições mais curtas, capacidade aeróbia para durações intermediárias e a melhora da capacidade de estocar glicogênio e aumentar a utilização de gordura, nas modalidades muito prolongadas.

  8. Application of an aerobic fixed bed bioreactor for treatment of petroleum refinery wastewaters; Aplicacao de um bio-reator aerobio de leito fixo para tratamento de efluentes do refino de petroleo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vendramel, Simone M.; Dezzotti, Marcia; Sant' Anna Junior, Geraldo L. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Engenharia Quimica

    2004-07-01

    The motivation of this work was to investigate a biological treatment system, which requires low installation area and presents high flexibility. Thus, a laboratory scale aerated submerged fixed-film bioreactor was applied to the treatment of a petroleum refinery wastewater and its performance was monitored. The reactor was continuously operated during 260 days and submitted to different organic loadings in the range of 0.5 to 2.4 kgCOD.m{sup -3}.d{sup -1}. The following removal efficiencies were attained: COD (75 - 91%), TSS and TVS (60 - 92%) and DOC (56 - 91%) and turbidity (71 - 95%). The reactor presented a high level of mixing and showed to be stable when submitted to different hydraulic and organic loadings. Loss of biofilm was negligible and medium clogging problems were not observed. The support medium (PVC plates) showed to be very adequate for microbial adhesion and growth, resulting in stable bioreactor operation. (author)

  9. O “Estado da Arte” da produção acadêmica sobre o fenômeno da judicialização da saúde no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Bittencourt, Guaraci Bragança

    2016-01-01

    A saúde é um tema muito estudado no Brasil, haja vista a grande quantidade de estudos nos campos da saúde pública, saúde coletiva, epidemiologia, bioética, dentre tantos outros. No entanto, o tema da saúde, como um direito, pode ser considerado uma temática recente. Este trabalho realizou uma análise da produção acadêmica, entre os anos de 2010 e 2014 sobre judicialização da saúde, por meio de revisão de literatura, realizada em dois bancos de dados. A produção acadêmica no Brasil tem se dedi...

  10. Efeitos do exercício aeróbio durante a hemodiálise em pacientes com doença renal crônica: uma revisão da literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joseane Böhm

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC têm capacidade física e funcional reduzida quando comparados à população geral. O tratamento hemodialítico torna as atividades desses pacientes restritas, favorecendo o estilo de vida sedentário e a limitação funcional. Pacientes em hemodiálise (HD são menos ativos, apresentam baixa tolerância ao exercício e alto descondicionamento físico. Em virtude dessas alterações, têm sido propostos programas de exercício físico que visam não somente ao tratamento dos sinais clínicos da doença, mas de suas repercussões na função e na qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os efeitos do exercício físico em pacientes portadores de DRC submetidos a programas de exercício aeróbio em cicloergômetro para membros inferiores durante a HD. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas consultas às bases de dados Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Embase e ScienceDirect. RESULTADOS: Analisaram-se 14 estudos experimentais randomizados controlados, considerando o período de realização da intervenção na HD, a intensidade e a frequência do exercício, a duração da intervenção e os principais resultados. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos demonstraram que exercícios aeróbios realizados durante a HD promovem a melhora da capacidade aeróbia e o condicionamento físico, além de redução da fadiga e ansiedade, melhora da capilarização muscular e pressão arterial de repouso, aumento no tempo de duração dos exercícios e melhora na depuração da ureia.

  11. 9 CFR 147.16 - Procedure for the evaluation of mycoplasma reactors by in vivo bio-assay (enrichment).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... mycoplasma reactors by in vivo bio-assay (enrichment). 147.16 Section 147.16 Animals and Animal Products... the evaluation of mycoplasma reactors by in vivo bio-assay (enrichment). This procedure has been shown... publications: (a) Bigland, C. H. and A. J. DaMassa, “A Bio-Assay for Mycoplasma Gallisepticum.” In: United...

  12. Science, technology and environmental demands: innovations in oil refining process; Ciencia, tecnologia e demandas ambientais: inovacoes nos processos de refino

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Azevedo, Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano de [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias. Programa de Pos-graduacao do Departamento de Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica

    2003-07-01

    This paper consists in a survey about changes in oil refining technologies caused by an increase of external environmental restrictions, that create demands for innovations related to the reduction of environmental impacts in refining processes and products. The environmental restrictions considered in this paper include state regulation, like the control over solid and gas wastes and the control over levels of air pollutants on refined products. Another group of restrictions include market restrictions, mainly the restrictions for obtaining 'green' quality labels, like ISO 14000. The paper will show the main environmental restrictions for the Paulinia Refinery (REPLAN), and its reaction in introducing innovations in refining processes. Some aspects of the innovations observed will be described, like the kind of innovation (process or product), the institutions that created innovations and their resources, the knowledge fields applied, and another characteristics for the evaluation of environmental influence over the development on oil refining innovations. (author)

  13. Correlação entre permeabilidade e resistência mecânica de filtros cerâmicos no sistema Al2O3-SiC Relationship between permeability and mechanical strength of Al2O3-SiC ceramic filters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. R. Salvini

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Tem sido crescente o uso de cerâmicas reticulares em processos de refino e purificação de metais fundidos, filtração de gases quentes e combustão catalítica. A aplicação depende da composição química e das propriedades físicas do material (número de poros por polegada linear (ppi, porosidade e diâmetro de poro. Há um consenso de que a melhoria das propriedades dos filamentos resulta em um melhor desempenho mecânico do filtro cerâmico. Entretanto, a análise dos valores de resistência mecânica não pode ser considerada isoladamente, uma vez que para filtros cerâmicos esta tem que estar associada à permeabilidade. Neste trabalho é feita uma análise entre as propriedades fluidodinâmicas e mecânicas de filtros cerâmicos no sistema Al2O3-SiC na faixa de 8 a 90 ppi. Os resultados obtidos permitem considerações tanto no aspecto do processamento cerâmico quanto no modelamento mecânico apresentado na literatura.Reticulate ceramics have been increasingly employed in purification of gases, liquid metals and in catalytic processes. The application area usually depends on the chemical composition and the physical properties (porosity, pore size and pore counting (ppi. In most cases, reticulate ceramics are submitted to compression loads at high temperatures, which makes the durability of these cellular materials be ultimately related to the mechanical quality of the struts. In filtration applications, it is also important the evaluation of fluid dynamic properties of the ceramic, specifically its permeability to fluid flow. In this work, a relationship between mechanical properties and permeability constants of Al2O3-SiC ceramic foam filters with 8 to 90 ppi is presented. Results were associated with the processing technique and with the mechanical modeling presented in the literature.

  14. Efeito dos Tratamentos Térmicos de Normalização e de Solubilização na Microestrutura de uma Junta Dissimilar Soldada entre um Tubo de Aço API 5L X-52 e o Inconel 625

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jefferson Pinto Soares

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumo O propósito deste trabalho é comparar as mudanças na microestrutura e na dureza de um tubo de aço API 5L X-52, revestido internamente por soldagem com Inconel 625, após a execução dos tratamentos térmicos de normalização a 1100 °C por 60 min. e resfriamento ao ar, e de solubilização a 1030 °C com aquecimento por indução eletromagnética por 30 s. e resfriamento em água. Foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia ótica (MO e eletrônica de varredura (MEV, análise por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS e dureza Vickers. Na condição como soldada, o metal de base (MB teve na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA a formação de zona de grãos grosseiros (ZGG com dureza média de 234 HV. A zona parcialmente diluída (ZPD se apresentou clara, sem contornos de grãos, com alto teor de ferro e dureza média de 370 HV, indicando ser constituída de martensita. No revestimento, a microestrutura é austenítica dendrítica com formação de carbetos de Nb e indícios da presença da fase Laves, com dureza média de 287 HV em suas camadas. Na condição após normalização, a ZTA foi suprimida e houve refino na microestrutura do MB; a ZPD foi mantida com sua morfologia original, porém com redução de cerca de 15% em sua dureza; no revestimento, a microestrutura tornou-se granular, com indício da dissolução da fase Laves e redução de sua dureza de cerca de 26%. Na condição após solubilização, a ZTA do MB foi eliminada, a ZPD manteve sua morfologia e microestrutura original, mas reduziu sua dureza em cerca de 30%; no revestimento, a microestrutura e precipitados foram mantidos, mas houve uma redução da dureza em cerca de 20%. Por fim, este trabalho conclui que ambos os tratamentos térmicos foram considerados benéficos às propriedades do tubo de aço API 5L X-52 revestido internamente com Inconel 625. Promoveram a homogeneização da microestrutura e a redução de dureza na ZTA do MB, significativa redução da

  15. Avaliação da segurança e eficácia de novo preenchedor à base de ácido hialurônico no tratamento dos sulcos nasolabiais e contorno dos lábios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Talarico

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: o uso da técnica de preenchimento cutâneo vem crescendo nos últimos anos. O ácido hialurônico é um dos preenchedores dérmicos temporários mais usados na correção de rugas, linhas e sulcos faciais por ser seguro e eficaz. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia e segurança do produto Perfectha®, novo preenchedor à base de ácido hialurônico, para a correção dos sulcos nasolabiais e contorno dos lábios. Métodos: estudo aberto, multicêntrico, não randomizado, não controlado, incluindo 87 mulheres saudáveis.A avaliação da eficácia foi realizada através das escalas de melhora estética global (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale - GAIS e da classificação de gravidade das rugas (Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale - WSRS. A segurança foi avaliada por observação e relato de eventos adversos. Resultados: uma semana após a aplicação do preenchedor, foi observada melhora nos sulcos nasolabiais de 86% das mulheres e nos lábios de 89% delas. Reação inflamatória, transitória, leve ou moderada e equimoses ocorreram em 15% e 9% das pacientes, respectivamente, sobretudo nos sulcos nasolabiais. Duas pacientes apresentaram herpes simples labial após o tratamento dos lábios. Os bons resultados se mantiveram em 76% e 57% das mulheres, nos sulcos nasolabiais e em 72% e 45% delas nos lábios, após três e seis meses, respectivamente. Conclusão: o preenchedor Perfectha® mostrou-se eficaz e seguro para essas indicações.

  16. A monumentalidade da história e a formação da memória cultural do cristianismo no século IV : uma análise da "história eclasiástica" de Eusébio de Cesareia

    OpenAIRE

    Cydne Rosa Lopes Losekann

    2015-01-01

    A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar a História Eclesiástica, obra pioneira de Eusébio de Cesareia, a partir do ponto de vista de sua monumentalidade. Isto é: contemplando a maneira com que os temas abordados, e sobretudo a maneira como esses temas foram expostos nas páginas da História Eclesiástica, contribuíram para a constituição de uma identidade cristã em um período em que se deu uma passagem geracional de um contexto em que os cristãos eram perseguidos pelas autoridades romanas...

  17. Microestrutura de uma Solda Dissimilar entre o Aço Inoxidável Ferrítico AISI 410S e o Aço Inoxidável Austenítico AISI 304L Soldado pelo Processo FSW

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    Tathiane Caminha Andrade

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumo O presente trabalho visa investigar a microestrutura formada na soldagem dissimilar entre chapas de aços inoxidáveis ferríticos AISI 410S e aços inoxidáveis austeníticos AISI 304L pelo processo friction stir welding. A soldagem foi realizada com o ajuste dos seguintes parâmetros: rotação 450 rpm; velocidade de soldagem de 1,0 mm/s; e força axial 40 kN. O aço AISI 410S foi posicionado no lado de avanço enquanto que o aço AISI 304L foi posicionado no lado de retrocesso. A análise consistiu de preparação metalográfica e caracterização microestrutural por microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para o aço AISI 410S foi observada a formação de martensita associada com ferrita na zona de mistura (ZM, zona termomecanicamente afetada (ZTMA e na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC. As características do processo de soldagem FSW resultaram num refino de grão para o aço inoxidável ferrítico, posicionado no lado de avanço, tanto na ZM quanto nas ZTMA e ZAC. O mesmo comportamento não foi observado para o lado austenítico.

  18. PROBLEMAS BIOÉTICOS NO COTIDIANO DO TRABALHO DE PROFISSIONAIS DE EQUIPES DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA

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    Patrícia Aparecida da Silva Valadão

    Full Text Available Resumo A pesquisa buscou identificar e avaliar os problemas bioéticos envolvidos no cotidiano de trabalho de profissionais de duas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Neste estudo qualitativo, realizaram-se entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com 16 profissionais da equipe de saúde da família de Salvador, Bahia, de fevereiro a outubro de 2015. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin, assim como a bioética principialista e o pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin. Identificaram-se duas categorias: ‘Problemas bioéticos no cotidiano de trabalho da equipe de saúde da família’ e ‘A relação interprofissional na equipe de saúde da família’. Na primeira categoria, evidenciaram-se falta de companheirismo e colaboração entre os membros da equipe; ações verticalizadas da gestão; dificuldades em preservar a privacidade do usuário e dos profissionais. Na segunda, destacaram-se a disparidade de poder nas relações interprofissionais e o encontro ‘frio’ entre núcleo de apoio e assistência à saúde da família e equipe. Concluiu-se que a equipe de saúde da família não tem avançado no aperfeiçoamento do trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar. Os problemas identificados ferem os princípios do enfoque principialista da bioética, esgarçam o tecido social do trabalho na Estratégia Saúde da Família e contribuem para a descaracterização da atenção básica.

  19. Quality of cocaine seized in 1997 in the street-drug market of São Paulo city, Brazil Qualidade da cocaína traficada em 1997 na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil

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    Débora Gonçalves de Carvalho

    2003-03-01

    carbonates and bicarbonates (19.2%; silicates (13.8%, sugars (9.59%; starch (5.6%, borate (3.8% and sulphates(2.8%. Contaminants (secondary products originated from coca paste refining or decomposition processes were not analysed.Teores de cocaína e adulterantes bem como vários diluentes foram determinados em 389 amostras de pó branco apreendidas na cidade de São Paulo, no ano de 1997. Cocaína e seus adulterantes foram analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada, cromatografia em fase gasosa (detetor de ionização de chama e cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplado a espectrometria de massa (CG/MS. Diluentes foram analisados através de "spot tests" e da cromatografia em camada delgada. Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: em 4,4% das amostras não foram detectados cocaína e adulterantes; de todas as amostras positivas para cocaína, 14% não continham mais que 200 mg/g de pó; em 70% a pureza da cocaína variou de 201 a 550 mg/g e em 16% não foi maior que 700 mg/g. Os anestésicos locais lidocaína e procaína foram detectados em 19 amostras em concentrações que variaram de 10 a 602 mg/g de pó. Cafeína foi encontrada em duas amostras. Os principais diluentes detectados foram: carbonatos e bicarbonatos, silicatos, açúcares, amido, borato e sulfatos. Contaminantes (produtos secundários originários do refino da pasta de coca ou de processos de decomposição não foram analisados.

  20. AS INTERFACES DA TEOLOGIA COM A BIOÉTICA

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    José Roque Junges

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Nos primórdios da bioética os teólogos desempenharam um papel importante no seu surgimento, devido à experiência na argumentação ética para solucionar casos e, especificamente, devido à tradição de intervenções em ética médica. Posteriormente houve um movimento de independência dos bioeticistas em relação aos teólogos, acentuando a secularização e o pluralismo da reflexão bioética. Isso obrigou os teólogos, que não deixaram de marcar presença, a explicitar a sua contribuição específica num fórum de discussão que é plural e a refletir sobre as relações entre bioética e teologia. Vários autores de tradição agnóstica começam a defender a importância das religiões para o debate ético e para a superação da crise ética da cultura atual pós-moderna. Essa cultura não tem condições de enfrentar as ameaças das manipulações genéticas. Questiona-se a secularização dominante que se instalou na modernidade.

  1. Bio energy: Bio fuel - Properties and Production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wilhelmsen, Gunnar; Martinsen, Arnold Kyrre; Sandberg, Eiliv; Fladset, Per Olav; Kjerschow, Einar; Teslo, Einar

    2001-01-01

    This is Chapter 3 of the book ''Bio energy - Environment, technique and market''. Its main sections are: (1) Definitions and properties, (2) Bio fuel from the forest, (3) Processed bio fuel - briquettes, pellets and powder, (4) Bio fuel from agriculture, (5) Bio fuel from agro industry, (6) Bio fuel from lakes and sea, (7) Bio fuel from aquaculture, (8) Bio fuel from wastes and (9) Hydrogen as a fuel. The exposition largely describes the conditions in Norway. The chapter on energy from the forest includes products from the timber and sawmill industry, the pulp and paper industry, furniture factories etc. Among agricultural sources are straw, energy forests, vegetable oil, bio ethanol, manure

  2. Ética mundial e cultura da paz: desafios da Bioética (World-wide ethics and culture of the peace: dialleenges of the Bioethics - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2009v7n14p31

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    Mário Antonio Sanches

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available O projeto de ética mundial, desenvolvido pelo teólogo ecumênico Hans Küng, propõe que somente por meio de um diálogo inter-religioso é possível estruturar princípios básicos que sejam válidos globalmente e que proporcionem a construção de uma cultura da paz. Essa possibilidade no campo da ética estabelece um amplo diálogo com diferentes autores. No entanto, como o próprio autor assume, o projeto possui limitações, sendo que uma delas é a exclusão de temas que envolvem questões de Bioética que são importantes para as relações em sociedade. Os temas hoje avaliados na área de Bioética são de difícil consenso, entre eles: aborto, uso de embriões, reprodução assistida, questão de gênero. Desse modo, novas frentes de diálogo se fazem necessárias, principalmente no tocante às ciências biológicas, ou seja: a relação entre religião e ciência e cultura e ciência. Para que esse diálogo se torne possível, é necessário reconhecer as possibilidades e os limites do diálogo, numa exigente proposta de transcendência do individualismo, das culturas e da própria religião. Por isso é necessário aprofundar a reflexão começando pela identificação dessas novas questões para se buscar novos espaços de diálogo. Palavras-chave: Ética mundial; Cultura da paz; Bioética; Ética da transcendência. AbstractThe world ethics project, developed by the ecumenical teologian Hans Küng, indicates that only by a inter-religious dialogue is possible to built basic principles that would be wordly accepted and helpfull in the building of a culture of peace. This possibility on ethics research brings a large dialogue with several thinkers. Although, as the author himself accepts, the project has some limitations, being one of them the exclusion of themes that are discussed in Bioethics and are important to relationship in society. The issues that are studied in Bioethics are of rare consensus, like: abortion, utilization

  3. Análise bioética da propaganda e publicidade de medicamentos Bioethical analysis of drugs advertisement and publicity

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    Maria José Delgado Fagundes

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Sob a perspectiva da "ética da proteção" e da "bioética de intervenção", a pesquisa analisa a influência das peças publicitárias de medicamentos veiculadas à classe médica na prescrição de medicamentos. Estuda, ainda, a qualidade das informações nas propagandas de medicamentos de venda sob prescrição, antes e depois da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada da Anvisa - RDC 102/2000, que regulamenta a propaganda de medicamentos no país, bem como discute o papel regulador do Estado na área. Primeiramente, foram entrevistados 50 médicos de Brasília, a fim de examinar como percebem os efeitos da propaganda sobre sua atividade profissional. Em seguida, foram avaliadas 10 peças publicitárias, 5 veiculadas antes e 5 depois da RDC 102/2000. Os resultados permitiram concluir que: a 98% dos médicos recebem visitas regulares de representantes comerciais; b 86% recebem brindes; c 68% crêem na influência direta da propaganda sobre a prescrição; d 14% disseram prescrever medicamentos em função do recebimento de prêmios; e 68% acreditam existir inverdades nas informações das peças publicitárias; f antes da RDC, as informações (contra-indicações, indicações, precauções, cuidados e advertência nas propagandas representava 28% dos casos; após a RDC, foram encontradas informações em 79% dos casos.This study investigates how advertising campaigns for drugs influence drug prescription practices among physicians from a point of view of "protection ethics" and of "intervention bioethics". It also analyzes information quality in advertisements for prescription drugs before and after the ANVISA (National Agency for Sanitary Protection RDC 102/200 Resolution wich regulates drugs advertising as well as discusses the regulating role of the state in this area. A first approach was to interview 50 physicians in Brasília/DF (25 general physicians and 25 surgeons in order to examine how they perceive the effects of advertisement on

  4. Petroleum refining fitness assessment to the sectoral approaches to address climate change; Analise da aptidao do setor refino de petroleo as abordagens setoriais para lidar com as mudancas climaticas globais

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Merschmann, Paulo Roberto de Campos

    2010-03-15

    The climate agreement that will take place from 2013 onwards needs to address some of the concerns that were not considered in the Kyoto Protocol. Such concerns include the absence of emission targets for big emitters developing countries and the impacts of unequal carbon-policies on the competitiveness of Annex 1 energy-intensive sectors. Sectoral approaches for energy-intensive sectors can be a solution to both concerns, mainly if they address climate change issues involving all the countries in which these sectors have a significant participation. A sector is a good candidate to the sectoral approaches if it has some characteristics. Such characteristics are high impact to the competitiveness of Annex 1 enterprises derived of the lack of compromises of enterprises located in non Annex 1 countries, high level of opportunities to mitigate GHG emissions based on the application of sectoral approaches and easy sectoral approaches implementation in the sector. Then, this work assesses the petroleum refining sector fitness to the sectoral approaches to address climate change. Also, this dissertation compares the petroleum refining sector characteristics to the characteristics of well suited sectors to the sectoral approaches. (author)

  5. Engineering BioBrick vectors from BioBrick parts

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    Knight Thomas F

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The underlying goal of synthetic biology is to make the process of engineering biological systems easier. Recent work has focused on defining and developing standard biological parts. The technical standard that has gained the most traction in the synthetic biology community is the BioBrick standard for physical composition of genetic parts. Parts that conform to the BioBrick assembly standard are BioBrick standard biological parts. To date, over 2,000 BioBrick parts have been contributed to, and are available from, the Registry of Standard Biological Parts. Results Here we extended the same advantages of BioBrick standard biological parts to the plasmid-based vectors that are used to provide and propagate BioBrick parts. We developed a process for engineering BioBrick vectors from BioBrick parts. We designed a new set of BioBrick parts that encode many useful vector functions. We combined the new parts to make a BioBrick base vector that facilitates BioBrick vector construction. We demonstrated the utility of the process by constructing seven new BioBrick vectors. We also successfully used the resulting vectors to assemble and propagate other BioBrick standard biological parts. Conclusion We extended the principles of part reuse and standardization to BioBrick vectors. As a result, myriad new BioBrick vectors can be readily produced from all existing and newly designed BioBrick parts. We invite the synthetic biology community to (1 use the process to make and share new BioBrick vectors; (2 expand the current collection of BioBrick vector parts; and (3 characterize and improve the available collection of BioBrick vector parts.

  6. A bioética da proteção e a compaixão laica: o debate moral sobre a eutanásia Bioethics of protection and the laic compassion: the moral debate on euthanasia

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    Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available O debate bioético sobre a eutanásia (“boa morte” vem sendo polarizado, classicamente, entre os princípios da sacralidade da vida - argumentação contra - e da qualidade de vida, representado pelo princípio vicário do respeito à autonomia - argumentação pró. Em ambos os casos, a questão se constrói em torno da pertinência e da legitimidade moral, ou não, de um indivíduo poder decidir sobre o desenlace de sua própria existência, requerendo para si uma boa morte. Sem embargo, a eutanásia pressupõe sempre, além de um eu, um outro, o qual deverá efetuar a ação - ou ater-se à não-ação - que culminará na abreviação da vida. Propor uma discussão acerca deste último ponto, tendo como base os referenciais teóricos da bioética da proteção e o conceito de compaixão laica, é o escopo do presente ensaio.The bioethical debate on euthanasia (“good death” has been classically polarized between the principles of sacredness of life - the argumentation against - and the quality of life, represented by the vicarious principle of respect for autonomy - the argumentation in favor. In both cases the question is built around the pertinence and moral legitimacy - or not - of the individual possibility to decide about the termination of one’s own existence, demanding for oneself a good death. Undoubtedly, euthanasia always implies besides the self, the other, who will either carry out the action - or hold to non-action - culminating in the abbreviation of life. To propose a discussion about this last referred issue, based on the bioethics of protection theoretical references and the concept of laic compassion is the scope of the present essay.

  7. Bioética e saúde coletiva: convergências epistemológicas Bioethics and public health: epistemological convergences

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    Jose Roque Junges

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de uma discussão teórica sobre o estatuto da bioética a partir de suas convergências epistemológicas com a saúde coletiva, campos científicos inter-relacionados, surgidos no contexto da segunda ruptura epistemológica, questionadora da crítica ao senso comum própria da ciência moderna. A reaproximação com o senso comum na segunda ruptura significa considerar na metodologia os determinantes do ambiente e da subjetividade. Assim, em meio a esta segunda ruptura, a saúde coletiva e a bioética incluem os determinantes sociais e subjetivos em suas análises. Caracterizam-se por uma visão ampliada e complexa da saúde e das ações humanas envolvendo o ambiente, a vida e a saúde, com enfoque transdisciplinar em suas abordagens. Qual o significado dessas premissas para o estatuto epistemológico da bioética em sua convergência com a saúde coletiva? Enquanto ética, a bioética precisa ser crítica, mas não como na primeira ruptura da filosofia moral. Necessita ser crítica a partir da facticidade dos determinantes sociais que se manifestam nas iniquidades em saúde. Para integrar crítica e facticidade, o caminho é a hermenêutica que interpreta os significados construídos no real e a partir deles torna-se crítica. Esse seria o estatuto epistemológico apropriado para a bioética na interface com a saúde coletiva.This is a theoretical discussion about the epistemological statute of bioethics based on its convergences with public health, linked as scientific areas that came from the context of the second epistemological rupture, which questioned the critique to common sense inherent in modern science. The reapproximation with common sense in the second rupture means considering the determinants of environment and subjectivity in the methodology. Emerging from the second rupture, public health and bioethics include the social and subjective determinants in their analysis, with an enlarged and complex vision of human health

  8. Ensino da deontologia, ética médica e bioética nas escolas médicas Brasileiras: uma revisão sistemática

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    Flávio Dantas

    Full Text Available A relevância da educação em ética médica na formação do profissional de Medicina tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida em todo o mundo. No Brasil, a Resolução 08/1969 do Conselho Federal de Educação tornou obrigatório o ensino da deontologia nas escolas médicas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a evolução do ensino da ética em escolas médicas brasileiras, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática dos levantamentos nacionais sobre o ensino da disciplina de deontologia, ética médica ou bioética, publicados nos últimos 30 anos. Foram localizados três estudos, publicados em três diferentes décadas, que mostraram estagnação no número de disciplinas específicas para a ética médica ao longo do tempo, baixa carga horária reservada ao seu ensino e reduzido número de professores exclusivos, em sua maioria vinculados à especialidade de medicina legal. Os temas de responsabilidade profissional e segredo profissional foram os mais abordados, sendo o conteúdo ministrado principalmente em aulas expositivas e discussão de casos. A importância da educação em ética médica nos cursos de graduação exige o seu ensino, em todos os períodos, por docentes com vivência profissional e conhecimentos na área de ciências humanas, de forma integrada com outras instâncias responsáveis por aspectos éticos nas instituições, com o objetivo de for-mar profissionais eticamente competentes para o melhor exercício da ciência e arte da medicina.

  9. Reator anaeróbio compartimentado para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura

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    Roberto Alves de Oliveira

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A poluição da água e do solo causada pela suinocultura provoca impactos ambientais severos nas regiões produtoras. Uma alternativa eficiente para atenuar esse problema pode ser a utilização de reatores anaeróbios de alta taxa. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito das águas residuárias de suinocultura com concentrações de sólidos suspensos totais em torno de 6.000 mg.L−1 no desempenho do reator anaeróbio compartimentado, com três câmaras. O volume da primeira câmara foi de 210 L e da segunda e terceira de 160 L. O reator anaeróbio compartimentado foi submetido a tempos de detenção hidráulica de 56, 28 e 18 horas e a cargas orgânicas volumétricas de 5,0 a 10,1 g DQOtotal (L.d−1. As maiores remoções de demanda química de oxigênio total, de 42 a 68%, e das produções volumétricas de metano, de 0,261 a 0,454 L CH4 (L reator d−1, ocorreram na segunda câmara.

  10. Efeito do treinamento combinado e aeróbio no controle glicêmico no diabetes tipo 2

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    Antônio Renato Pereira Moro

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O diabetes tipo 2 é um grupo heterogêneo de doença metabólica causada por uma disfunção na secreção da insulina e/ou ação desta. OBJETIVOS: Comparar o efeito de duas modalidades de treinamento, o combinado (aeróbio e resistido e o aeróbio, no controle glicêmico no diabetes tipo 2. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser um estudo quase-experimental. Após aprovação do CEP, com registro 09.071.4.08. III, deu-se início ao programa de treinamento combinado e aeróbio. Foram selecionados 24 participantes, de ambos os gêneros, sedentários, com média de idade de 60,41 ± 7,87. Os participantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: treinamento combinado (n = 12 e treinamento aeróbio (n = 12; ambos foram avaliados no início e final do estudo. A concentração sérica de glicose foi determinada pelo sistema Vitros e a hemoglobina glicosilada foi determinada pelo método Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Performance. O treinamento foi realizado três vezes por semana, com duração total de 20 semanas. Os dados são expressos em média e desvio-padrão. Foi aplicado o teste t pareado (p < 0,05 para comparar a média basal e após 20 semanas de treinamento. RESULTADOS: A média da glicose em jejum do treinamento combinado reduziu significativamente, de 167,41 ± 38,13 para 119,83 ± 20,91, sendo que o mesmo ocorreu com o treinamento aeróbio de 189,83 ± 63,57 para 139,91 ± 34,04. Os valores da hemoglobina glicosilada no treinamento combinado e treinamento aeróbio reduziram significativamente, de 8,61 ± 1,17 para 7,25 ± 1,24 e de 9,52 ± 2,46 para 8,37 ± 1,50, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento combinado foi mais eficaz em relação à hemoglobina glicosilada e o treinamento aeróbio, na glicose plasmática.

  11. Bioética e promoção da saúde docente na educação superior: uma interface necessária/Bioethics and promotion of teacher health in higher education: an interface required

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    Ivani Nadir Carlotto

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Data de Submissão: 1-11-2017 Data de Aceitação 20-12-2017A abordagem denominada Health Promoting Universities (HPU ou Universidades Promotoras da Saúde (UPS – Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS considera que as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES possuem um papel preponderante na preservação da saúde e bem-estar da comunidade acadêmica. As IES são, sob este paradigma, conduzidas pelos marcos conceituais da promoção da saúde (PS, e por valores interdisciplinares como inclusão, equidade, justiça social e sustentabilidade. A Bioética, em conjunto com as UPS e a PS, apresenta-se como uma ferramenta reflexiva, mutuamente compartilhada e interdisciplinar que objetiva a adequação das ações que compreendem a vida e a cidadania, em seu caráter equitativo e inclusivo, no contexto da Educação Superior. Neste texto a Bioética busca refletir sobre a PS docente nas IES, contribuindo para a construção de processos qualificados de ações em saúde docente.Bioethics and promotion of teacher health in higher education: an interface requiredThe Health Promoting Universities (HPU - World Health Organization (WHO approach considers that Higher Education Institutions (HEI play a preponderant role in preserving the health and well-being of the academic community. HEIs under this paradigm are driven by conceptual frameworks of health promotion (HP, and by interdisciplinary values such as inclusion, equity, social justice and sustainability. Bioethics, together with HPU and HP, presents itself as a reflexive, mutually shared and interdisciplinary tool that aims at the adequacy of actions that comprise life and citizenship, in its equitable and inclusive character, in the context of Higher Education. In this text Bioethics seeks to reflect on the teaching HP in HEI, contributing to the construction of qualified processes of actions in teacher’s health.Keywords: Bioethics; Higher Education; Teachers; Health Promotion

  12. Influência da relação espacial (anteroposterior e transversal) dos segmentos maxilares prévio à queiloplastia sobre o índice oclusal em pacientes com fissura completa de lábio e palato unilateral

    OpenAIRE

    Gleisieli Carla Petelinkar Baessa Cardoso

    2013-01-01

    Introdução: Sabe-se que as cirurgias primárias de lábio e palato em indivíduos com fissura transforame incisivo unilateral (FTIU) provoca inibição do crescente deslocamento da base maxilar, bem como da região dentoalveolar. No entanto, a maxila dividida em dois segmentos diferentes, com as condições anatomicas variadas, assim como as alterações transversais e ântero-posterior, pode ser um dos fatores etiológicos para proporcionar deficiência maxilar e dentoalveolar. Proposição: Este estudo te...

  13. O exercício da enfermagem em sua dimensão bioética El ejercicio de la enfermería en su dimensión bioética The exercise of nursing in its bioethical dimension

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    Magali Roseira Boemer

    1997-04-01

    Full Text Available Nesse estudo propomo-nos a realizar uma aproximação à Bioética, área que vem sendo alvo de discussões e reflexões no âmbito das ciências biológicas e da saúde no sentido de se repensar as condutas humanas frente aos valores morais no atual contexto de grande desenvolvimento tecnológico e científico. Procuramos iniciar uma discussão acerca do exercício da enfermagem em sua dimensão bioética, analisando como ele tem se dado em relação à ética dos princípios a qual é baseada na beneficência, autonomia e justiça. Neste sentido os membros da equipe de enfermagem, em suas relações com o paciente, têm adotado uma postura calcada na beneficência interligada à subordinação de sua prática ao ato médico. Por outro lado, a sua proximidade com o doente lhes permite a formação de vínculos que lhes conferem um certo poder através do qual podem conduzir o cliente ao exercício de sua autonomia.En este estudio nos proponemos realizar una aproximación a la Bioética, area que viene siendo objeto de discusiones y reflexiones en el ámbito de las ciencias biológicas y de la salud, en el sentido de volver a pensar en las conductas humanas frente a los valores morales en el actual contexto de gran desarrollo tecnológico y científico. Buscamos iniciar una discusión acerca del ejercicio de la Enfermería en su dimensión bioética, analizando cómo el se ha dado al nivel de la ética fundada en los principios de servicio, autonomía y justicia. En este sentido los miembros del equipo de enfermería en sus relaciones con el paciente han adoptado una postura nata de servicio interligada a la subordinación de su práctica al acto médico. Por otro lado, su proximidad con el enfermo le permite la formación de vínculos que adjudican un cierto poder a través del cual pueden conducir el cliente al ejercicio de su autonomía.In the present study we approached Bioethics, an area that has been targeted for discussion and reflection

  14. Advances made in development of competence of refining plant operators. The REPAR case, PR, Brazil; Avancos realizados no desenvolvimento de competencias de operadores de plantas de refino: o caso da REPAR

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reis, Mario [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisas. Recursos Humanos]. E-mail: marioreis@petrobras.com.br

    2004-12-01

    The work presents a synthesis of the outcome of two years of research and experiments for the development of competence of Refinery operators in a project carried out by REPAR - Presidente Getulio Vargas Refinery in partnership with the Parana Federal University Education sector. From the Refinery need to reformulate its operators formation and development process, an important perspective was open to discuss and implement pedagogical principles based on the competence category as praxis. Such category brings forth the commitment to transform the workers educational processes and the production social relations excelling the models based on Taylorian/Fordian paradigm.(author)

  15. Technological innovation and environmental regulation at the petroleum refining industry: the Paulinia refinery case; Inovacao tecnologica e regulacao ambiental na industria de refino de petroleo: o caso da Refinaria de Paulinia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Azevedo, Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano de; Pereira, Newton Mueller [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias. Dept. de Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica]. E-mails: adalba@ige.unicamp.br; newpe@ige.unicamp.br

    2006-07-01

    This article discusses the influence of environmental regulation on the adoption of new production techniques and on the improvement of existing techniques in the refining petroleum industry, namely at the Paulinia refinery (REPLAN). Describes the techniques adopted in order to fit refining processes into the regulation about environmental impacts (related to the protection of resources like water, air and soil), and also techniques adopted in order to produce less pollutant diesel and gasoline. This article has support on bibliographic research and data collected in REPLAN and CENPES, which permit characterize technologies adopted in REPLAN at the end of the 90s and the regulatory rules that drive them. The regulation is presented under an evolutionary approach, considering that technology develops along whit the socio-economic context, the environmental regulation is a related element which determines the search and selection of technologies able to comply with regulation ensuring economic viability. Regulation is also a determinant factor for the adoption of innovations in the refining industry. Specifically in REPLAN, the environmental regulation has required large investments in order to comply processes and products with the established standards. (author)

  16. Diesel 10: impact on yield of the Brazilian refining park; Diesel S10: impacto sobre o rendimento do parque de refino brasileiro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bonfa, Marcio H.P. [Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Szklo, Alexandre [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (PPE/COPPE/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Programa de Planejamento Energetico

    2012-07-01

    This paper assesses the impact associated with the introduction of S10 diesel specification in Brazilian refineries, focusing on yield loss for diesel. An overview of S10 diesel specification presents the most restrictive parameters: sulfur content, density and distillation curve. A model of the Brazilian refining, considering the most relevant characteristics of intermediate streams that are combined into diesel, has been developed, into which projects foreseen for the following years have been included. Therefore, yield loss for diesel through 2020 could be estimated, ranging from 3.3%, with new planned refineries and an increase in severe hydrotreating capacity to process all diesel production, and 73.5%, when new refineries are not considered and with current hydrotreating capacity. The increase in hydrotreating capacity beyond the already planned expansion as well as adjustments in intermediate streams in order to meet new distillation curve restrictions are required and some additional mitigating proposals have been proposed for the supply side (additional new refineries, oil selection and biofuels) and the demand side (vehicle efficiency, alternative fuels, mode switching and vehicle inspection and scrappage programs). (author)

  17. O PERCURSO EPISTÊMICO DO SÁBIO NA METAFÍSICA DE ARISTÓTELES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Wagner Benevides Gomes

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Aristóteles (383-322 a.C foi considerado, dentre os primeiros pensadores (os Pré-Socráticos, o responsável pela pesquisa sistemática da filosofia. Aristóteles, em Metafísica, explicita com a chamada “filosofia primeira” o problema de um conceito de Sabedoria e da “ciência investigada”, que é a do ser enquanto ser. Diferente da tradição platônica, Aristóteles propôs uma filosofia voltada para o mundo exterior, pois enquanto o conhecimento para Platão tinha relação com uma “reminiscência das formas” (Teoria das Ideias ou das Formas, para Aristóteles o conhecimento se diz de muitas maneiras, porque relaciona-se aos diversos modos de captarmos os objetos pelas senso-percepções. Este artigo tem como objetivo explicitar, a partir da Metafísica, nos Livros I (capítulos 1, 2 e 3, II (capítulo 1 e III (capítulo 1, o processo epistemológico do Sábio (Sophos, perpassando pelos elementos que conduzem à Sabedoria (Sophia como ciência teórica. Por conseguinte, analisa-se alguns conceitos pertinentes às seguintes problemáticas do conhecimento humano: a senso-percepção, a imagem, a memória e a experiência. Além de, a questão do Sábio, as Causas, a investigação da verdade e as ciências especulativas e práticas. Portanto, conclui-se que Aristóteles mostrou o percurso das senso-percepções à formulação do “Universal” que conduz o filósofo à Sabedoria, ou seja, aos princípios primeiros que consistem no conhecimento das causas de todas as coisas, à medida que o Sábio enfrenta algumas dificuldades (Aporia.

  18. BioCreative V BioC track overview: collaborative biocurator assistant task for BioGRID.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Sun; Islamaj Doğan, Rezarta; Chatr-Aryamontri, Andrew; Chang, Christie S; Oughtred, Rose; Rust, Jennifer; Batista-Navarro, Riza; Carter, Jacob; Ananiadou, Sophia; Matos, Sérgio; Santos, André; Campos, David; Oliveira, José Luís; Singh, Onkar; Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; Dai, Hong-Jie; Su, Emily Chia-Yu; Chang, Yung-Chun; Su, Yu-Chen; Chu, Chun-Han; Chen, Chien Chin; Hsu, Wen-Lian; Peng, Yifan; Arighi, Cecilia; Wu, Cathy H; Vijay-Shanker, K; Aydın, Ferhat; Hüsünbeyi, Zehra Melce; Özgür, Arzucan; Shin, Soo-Yong; Kwon, Dongseop; Dolinski, Kara; Tyers, Mike; Wilbur, W John; Comeau, Donald C

    2016-01-01

    BioC is a simple XML format for text, annotations and relations, and was developed to achieve interoperability for biomedical text processing. Following the success of BioC in BioCreative IV, the BioCreative V BioC track addressed a collaborative task to build an assistant system for BioGRID curation. In this paper, we describe the framework of the collaborative BioC task and discuss our findings based on the user survey. This track consisted of eight subtasks including gene/protein/organism named entity recognition, protein-protein/genetic interaction passage identification and annotation visualization. Using BioC as their data-sharing and communication medium, nine teams, world-wide, participated and contributed either new methods or improvements of existing tools to address different subtasks of the BioC track. Results from different teams were shared in BioC and made available to other teams as they addressed different subtasks of the track. In the end, all submitted runs were merged using a machine learning classifier to produce an optimized output. The biocurator assistant system was evaluated by four BioGRID curators in terms of practical usability. The curators' feedback was overall positive and highlighted the user-friendly design and the convenient gene/protein curation tool based on text mining.Database URL: http://www.biocreative.org/tasks/biocreative-v/track-1-bioc/. Published by Oxford University Press 2016. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.

  19. Bio politics - The bio-environment - bio-culture of the Danube

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vlavianos-Arvanitis, A.

    1997-01-01

    The bio-environment has been the single most important correlation in human history and can successfully promote international co-operational co-operation and understanding. With the construction of a network for collaboration, the 'Danube Countries' can come together in celebration of their culture and heritage. As the Danube flows from the Black Forest to the Black Sea, it carries messages of peace, hope and co-operation. Applying these messages to every endeavour can improve our quality of life and lead to a brighter future. Since its inception in 1985, the Bio politics International Organization (B.I.O.) has been labouring to raise awareness of the urgent need to instate a new system of norms and principles, compatible with sound environmental management and with the most important task of ensuring global literacy on environmental issues. Along with critically re-assessing the concept of profit, the goal is to adopt a system of bio centric values, where respect for the bio-environment will govern our every action and thought

  20. Síntese e caracterização da cerâmica PZT dopada com estrôncio e com nióbio e estrôncio

    OpenAIRE

    Gasparotto, Gisele [UNESP

    2002-01-01

    A cerâmica Titanato Zirconato de Chumbo, PZT, se destaca por suas notáveis características piezoelétricas, sendo candidata a várias aplicações tecnológicas como transdutores, dispositivos ressonantes, entre outras, devido também a seu baixo custo e facilidade na fabricação (DESHPANDE, 1994). A adição de íons modificadores pode melhorar as propriedades da cerâmica, tornando-a mais eficiente. Inúmeros íons como nióbio (Nb+5) e estrôncio (Sr+2) podem ser usados para alterar parâmetros estruturai...

  1. Bio-films and processes of bio-corrosion and bio-deterioration in oil-and gas-processing industry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kholodenko, V.P.; Irkhina, I.A.; Chugunov, V.A.; Rodin, V.B.; Zhigletsova, S.K.; Yermolenko, Z.M.; Rudavin, V.V. [State Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Obolensk, Moscow region (Russian Federation)

    2004-07-01

    As a rule, oil- and gas-processing equipment and pipelines are attacked by different microorganisms. Their vital ability determines processes of bio-deterioration and bio-corrosion that lead often to technological accidents and severe environmental contamination. Bio-films presenting a complex association of different microorganisms and their metabolites are responsible for most of damages. In this context, to study the role bio-films may play in processes of bio-damages and in efficacy of protective measures is important. We have developed method of culturing bio-films on the surface of metal coupons by using a natural microbial association isolated from oil-processing sites. Simple and informative methods of determining microbiological parameters of bio-films required to study bio-corrosion processes are also developed. In addition, a method of electron microscopic analysis of bio-films and pitting corrosion is offered. Using these methods, we conducted model experiments to determine the dynamics of corrosion processes depending on qualitative and quantitative composition of bio-films, aeration conditions and duration of the experiment. A harmful effect of soil bacteria and micro-mycetes on different pipeline coatings was also investigated. Experiments were conducted within 3-6 months and revealed degrading action of microorganisms. This was confirmed by axial tension testing of coatings. All these approaches will be used for further development of measures to protect gas- and oil-processing equipment and pipelines against bio-corrosion and bio-damages (first of all biocides). (authors)

  2. Bio-sociodiversidade: preservação e mercado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauro Leonel

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available VÁRIOS estudos vêm revelando possibilidades de aproveitamento de conhecimentos indígenas e de outras culturas tradicionais, entre eles, medicamentos, cosméticos, novos materiais, alimentos, sementes e conservantes como produtos de mercado. A prática do mercado vem sendo a de apropriar-se desses bens culturais, registrá-los após adaptações e devolvê-los como mercadorias protegidas por patentes, inclusive aos países onde tais conhecimentos foram desenvolvidos, geralmente ao sul do Equador. Frente à escala da degradação social e ambiental, como na Amazônia, surgiu um novo otimismo, o de que resultados financeiros de tais produtos pudessem reverter às populações, modificando-se a legislação internacional e associando-se cooperativas de produtores com a biotecnologia e as transnacionais. O mercado, o principal adversário da preservação da bio e da sociodiversidade, seria assim convidado - empresas e consumidores - a tornar-se aliado da manutenção da floresta em pé e da diferença cultural, por exemplo, mediante certificados de origem. No entanto, são numerosos os entraves para que essas populações possam abrir brechas no mercado, ou nos sistemas internacionais de registro de patentes, frente à lógica da concentração de capital e tecnologia.SEVERAL studies have been revealing prospects of capitalizing on native knowledge and traditional cultures in order to launch new market products, such as drugs, cosmetics, new materials, foods, seeds and preservers. The market has adopted the practice of appropriating such cultural goods, which after slight adaptation are registered and turned out as patent-protected products and sold even to the countries where that knowledge was first developed, south of the equator as a rule. Vis-à-vis the social and evironmental degradation scale, as is the case of the Amazon area, a new optimism has risen: the hope that financial results from such products could benefit the native peoples

  3. Efetividade de rizóbios e caracterização fenotípica dos isolados que nodulam feijão-caupi em solos da Amazônia Central Effectiveness and phenotypic characterization of cowpea rhizobia isolated from central Amazonian soils

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aloísio Freitas Chagas Junior

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata é uma cultura importante na Amazônia Central, mas os rizóbios associados a essa leguminosa são poucos estudados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade e caracterizar fenotipicamente os isolados de rizóbio que nodulam feijão-caupi na região. As populações de rizóbio de Novo Ayrão proporcionaram as maiores produções de matéria seca da parte aérea e total, raiz, número de nódulos e peso dos nódulos secos nas plantas de feijão-caupi; porém, não diferiram do tratamento testemunha com N. Com base nos critérios fenotípicos avaliados, foi possível identificar uma ampla diversidade de populações de rizóbios contidos nos solos da Amazônia.Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata is an important legume cultivated in central Amazonia, but its rhizobia have been little studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and to characterize phenotypically the population of indigenous rhizobia that infect cowpea in the region. The rhizobia population from Novo Ayrão soils provided the highest shoot, root and total dry matter yields, number of nodules and nodule dry weights in cowpea plants; however, they were not different from those found for the control treatment with N. Based on phenotypic criteria, it was possible to identify a wide diversity of populations of rhizobia contained in Amazonian soils.

  4. Eugenia vinculada a aspectos bioéticos: uma revisão integrativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Cruz Santos

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo é analisar o que versam as produções científicas sobre eugenia, vinculando-as com aspectos bioéticos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Os dados foram coletados nas bases de dados Lilacs e SciELO, por meio dos descritores: eugenia, etnia e saúde, ética e bioética. Para a análise e posterior síntese dos artigos foi utilizada figura sinóptica. Verificou-se que a eugenia viola os direitos humanos, contradiz com o princípio da solidariedade e coloca em risco a diversidade humana. Conclui-se que houve déficit de artigos que abordem aspectos bioéticos vinculados à eugenia, assim, este estudo poderá contribuir para a reflexão sobre essa articulação.

  5. Bio-prospecting of distillery yeasts as bio-control and bio-remediation agents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ubeda, Juan F; Maldonado, María; Briones, Ana I; Francisco, J Fernández; González, Francisco J

    2014-05-01

    This work constitutes a preliminary study in which the capacity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from ancient distilleries as bio-control agents against moulds and in the treatment of waste waters contaminated by heavy metals-i.e. bio-remediation-is shown. In the first control assays, antagonist effect between non-Saccharomyces yeasts, their extracts and supernatants against some moulds, analysing the plausible (not exhaustive) involved factors were qualitatively verified. In addition, two enzymatic degrading properties of cell wall plant polymers, quitinolitic and pectinolitic, were screened. Finally, their use as agents of bio-remediation of three heavy metals (cadmium, chromium and lead) was analysed semi-quantitatively. The results showed that all isolates belonging to Pichia species effectively inhibited all moulds assayed. Moreover, P. kudriavzevii is a good candidate for both bio-control and bio-remediation because it inhibited moulds and accumulated the major proportion of the three tested metals.

  6. UM olhar da bioética para a zooterapia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Luciane Fischer

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Los animales pueden auxiliar en innumerables actividades humanas, incluyendo terapias con los beneficios ya reconocidos, sin embargo con algunas cuestiones éticas. Luego, se genera el objetivo de contextualizar social y éticamente el uso de animales como co-terapeutas y reflexionar sobre la intervención de la Bioética en la regulación de un problema complejo, global y plural, que tiene como plano de fondo el estudio del caso relacionado con los tutores, animales y niños con trastornos mentales. La revisión de la literatura evidencia que la zooterapia se ha aplicado en todo el mundo y ha resultado en beneficios biopsicosociales en pacientes de todas las edades, y en los niños presentando mejoras en el proceso educativo. Aunque haya preocupación acerca de las conductas que tienen que ver con los animales, su uso como recurso todavía está respaldado por una ética antropocéntrica utilitarista. Obviamente, que el objetivo de la acción es la mejoría del paciente, sin embargo, el ser humano no puede estar en medio de una actividad en la que implica el intercambio de sentimientos. Hay cuestiones relacionadas con las instituciones, los profesionales, los pacientes y los animales que deben ser regularizadas, negociadas y supervisadas por un comité de Bioética, tomando en cuenta las variables y proyectando estrategias y alternativas que resulten en el bienestar de todos. Las actitudes correctas estimulan el proceso de humanización en la salud y recuperan el paradigma de la atención, valorando el bienestar físico y mental del paciente y del animal que no deben ser vistos sólo como una herramienta, sino el resultado de una relación simbiótica consolidada evolutivamente.

  7. A bioética de proteção: uma ferramenta para a avaliação das práticas sanitárias?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fermin Roland Schramm

    Full Text Available Resumo A bioética de proteção (BP é uma proposta que surge no começo do Século XXI no âmbito da bioética construída na América Latina e no contexto das tentativas de pesquisadores de pensar as condições de possibilidade de uma bioética sanitária, preocupada inter alia com as políticas públicas de saúde, para que sejam moralmente legítimas, socialmente justas (equitativas e respeitosas dos Direitos Humanos, após constatar os limites das ferramentas bioéticas tradicionais, essencialmente aplicadas somente aos conflitos interpessoais dos agentes e pacientes morais envolvidos nas práticas da biomedicina. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a BP tenta agenciar âmbitos disciplinares problemáticos distintos, mas vinculados entre si pelo diálogo interdisciplinar e a preocupação comum com a qualidade de vida das populações humanas, consideradas em seus contextos naturais, tecnológicos, sociais e culturais: a Saúde Pública, preocupada com a saúde e o bem-estar de indivíduos e populações; a Bioética, preocupada prioritariamente com a legitimidade moral de práticas que afetam sua qualidade de vida; a Biopolítica, preocupada com os efeitos sociais das políticas sanitárias.

  8. Bio-fuels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2008-01-01

    This report presents an overview of the technologies which are currently used or presently developed for the production of bio-fuels in Europe and more particularly in France. After a brief history of this production since the beginning of the 20. century, the authors describe the support to agriculture and the influence of the Common Agricultural Policy, outline the influence of the present context of struggle against the greenhouse effect, and present the European legislative context. Data on the bio-fuels consumption in the European Union in 2006 are discussed. An overview of the evolution of the activity related to bio-fuels in France, indicating the locations of ethanol and bio-diesel production facilities, and the evolution of bio-fuel consumption, is given. The German situation is briefly presented. Production of ethanol by fermentation, the manufacturing of ETBE, the bio-diesel production from vegetable oils are discussed. Second generation bio-fuels are then presented (cellulose enzymatic processing), together with studies on thermochemical processes and available biomass resources

  9. Pyrolysis thermocatalytic of the residues generated in the process of oil refining; Pirolise termocatalitica de residuos gerados no processo de refino de petroleo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lima, Regineide Oliveira; Castro, Kesia Kelly Vieira de; Lima, Cicero de Souza; Araujo, Aruzza Mabel de Morais; Silva, Edjane Fabiula Buriti da; Araujo, Antonio Souza de [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), RN (Brazil)

    2012-07-01

    The pyrolysis process is a catalytic thermal defined as the degradation of waste which occurs by the action of temperature and presence of catalysts. Thus promoting disruption of the original molecular structure of a given compound by the catalytic action in an environment with little or no oxygen. Investigations have been developed in the pyrolysis due to be a promising technique, due to the application of catalytic materials. In this work, the catalyst used Al/MCM-41 was synthesized in a ratio Si / Al = 50 by the hydrothermal method. Being in this promising oil industry because of their structural characteristics. This material was characterized by XRD analysis, which was observed three major peaks typical of mesoporous materials. The analysis of the adsorption / desorption of nitrogen this material was performed to determine the textural parameters, which are peculiar to the mesoporous materials. The residue samples were characterized with a view to meet some properties such as through elemental analysis of the compounds and saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes. The pyrolysis reaction system catalytic thermal residue is mounted to test the pyrolysis of residue pure and the Al-MCM-41. For both pyrolysis liquid fractions were obtained, gaseous and solid. And only the liquid fractions were characterized by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Thus, there was an increase in the range hydrocarbons (C6-C12 and C13-C17) for products obtained from the pyrolysis catalyst. (author)

  10. Combining Bio-inspired Sensing with Bio-inspired Locomotion

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Shaikh, Danish; Hallam, John; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jakob

    In this paper we present a preliminary Braitenberg vehicle–like approach to combine bio-inspired audition with bio-inspired quadruped locomotion in simulation. Locomotion gaits of the salamander–like robot Salamandra robotica are modified by a lizard’s peripheral auditory system model that modula......In this paper we present a preliminary Braitenberg vehicle–like approach to combine bio-inspired audition with bio-inspired quadruped locomotion in simulation. Locomotion gaits of the salamander–like robot Salamandra robotica are modified by a lizard’s peripheral auditory system model...

  11. Estudo da influência da agitação e da estratégia de alimentação sobre o desempenho de um ASBR em escala piloto aplicado ao tratamento de esgoto sanitário

    OpenAIRE

    Luciano Farias de Novaes

    2008-01-01

    O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da intensidade de agitação e tipo de impelidor, bem como a estratégia de alimentação, em reator anaeróbio operado em batelada seqüencial, escala piloto (\\'da ordem de\\' 1 \\'M POT.3\\'), com agitação mecânica e em duas configurações: uma com biomassa granulada (ASBR) e outra com biomassa imobilizada em suporte inerte de espuma de poliuretano (ASBBR), aplicadas ao tratamento de esgoto doméstico. No estudo da intensidade de agitação e t...

  12. Desafios históricos da enfermagem à luz do pensamento bioético Desafíos históricos de la enfermería a la luz del pensamiento bioético Historical challenges of nursing through bioethical issues

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marylane Viana Silva

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Reflexão teórica sobre a bioética do cuidar, a partir da perspectiva histórica do cuidado em saúde e suas contribuições para a ampliação da produção de conhecimentos em Enfermagem, como proposta de intervenção mais humana e democrática no exercício do cuidar; através de conceitos baseados no respeito à pessoa humana, na formação de profissional comprometido com realidade social. A enfermagem como profissão priorizou os avanços técnico-científicos, em detrimento ao cuidado humanizado, decorrentes das demandas impostas pelo mundo capitalista. Neste sentido, se coloca como desafio a sistematização do cuidado, o que possibilitará a melhoria da qualidade de vida da clientela, sendo necessário para isto o estabelecimento de interlocuções de saberes com outros profissionais, consolidando a legitimidade da enfermagem como profissão.Reflexión teórica sobre la bioética del cuidar, a partir de la perspectiva histórica del cuidado en salud y sus contribuciones para la ampliación de la producción de conocimientos en Enfermería, como propuesta de intervención más humana y democrática en el ejercicio del cuidar, a través de los conceptos basados en el respeto de la persona humana en la formación del profesional comprometido con la realidad social. La enfermería como profesión priorizó los avances técnico-científicos en detrimento al cuidado humanizado, como consecuencia de las demandas impuestas por el mundo capitalista. En este sentido, se coloca como desafío la sistematización del cuidado, lo que posibilita la mejoría de la calidad de vida de la clientela siendo necesario para esto el establecimiento de interlocutores de saberes con otros profesionales, consolidando la legitimidad de la enfermería como profesión.This is a theoretical discussion of the bioethics of care from the historical perspective of health care and its contribution to the expansion of knowledge roduction in Nursing, which is presented

  13. Bioética e suas interfaces na promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional : análise do programa aquisição de alimentos na visão dos atores-chave na Paraíba-PB

    OpenAIRE

    Carvalho, Luciana Rodriguez Teixeira de

    2013-01-01

    A Bioética alcança questões públicas e se faz presente nas discussões diárias buscando a garantia dos Direitos Humanos. Dentre estes, selecionou-se a alimentação, que constitui um debate ético de uma situação persistente e resultante da exclusão social. A Bioética possibilita discutir a proteção do Estado aos vulneráveis e excluídos fornecendo mecanismos sociais efetivos. O Programa Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), instituído no ano de 2003, busca a construção de uma proposta de Segurança Alimen...

  14. Bio-fuel barometer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2015-01-01

    After a year of doubt and decline the consumption of bio-fuel resumed a growth in 2014 in Europe: +6.1% compared to 2013, to reach 14 millions tep (Mtep) that is just below the 2012 peak. This increase was mainly due to bio-diesel. By taking into account the energy content and not the volume, the consumption of bio-diesel represented 79.7% of bio-fuel consumption in 2014, that of bio-ethanol only 19.1% and that of biogas 1%. The incorporating rate of bio-fuels in fuels used for transport were 4.6% in 2013 and 4.9% in 2014. The trend is good and the future of bio-fuel seems clearer as the European Union has set a not-so-bad limit of 7% for first generation bio-fuels in order to take into account the CASI effect. The CASI effect shows that an increase of the consumption of first generation bio-fuels (it means bio-fuels produced from food crops like rape, soy, cereals, sugar beet,...) implies in fact a global increase in greenhouse gas release that is due to a compensation phenomenon. More uncultivated lands (like forests, grasslands, bogs are turned into cultivated lands in order to compensate lands used for bio-fuel production. In most European countries the consumption of bio-diesel increased in 2014 while it was a bad year for the European industry of ethanol because ethanol prices dropped by 16 %. Oil companies are now among the most important producers of bio-diesel in Europe.

  15. Reflexões sobre o Ensino de Bioética e Cuidados Paliativos nas Escolas Médicas do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ricardo de Oliveira

    Full Text Available RESUMO Este artigo analisa a atual situação do ensino de bioética e cuidados paliativos nas escolas médicas do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O ensino de cuidados paliativos na graduação é importante para se compreender a relação escola-médico-equipe interdisciplinar de assistência à saúde no que diz respeito à terminalidade da vida humana. O estudo exploratório de caso e de natureza qualitativa utilizou três instrumentos operacionais: questionário, entrevista e documento informatizado. Foram estudadas 28 escolas médicas para se verificar como é realizado o ensino de bioética e cuidados paliativos. Foi também aplicado questionário a professores para avaliar o ensino desta temática, além de trabalho de campo, com aplicação de questionário estruturado a um grupo de alunos, em duas destas escolas, para aprofundamento do estudo, em dois momentos distintos da formação dos alunos, o que permitiu uma discussão crítica e transversal da formação acadêmica. Os resultados mostraram que o conhecimento de bioética com ênfase em cuidados paliativos e com a formação de médicos que atendam às necessidades emergentes desta área da saúde não está suficientemente contemplado nas escolas médicas do Estado de Minas Gerais, assim como não se observa uma correlação entre o ensino de bioética e o ensino de cuidados paliativos. Propõe-se uma reflexão e uma ação programática para a formação docente e subsequente inserção curricular específica e de caráter longitudinal do ensino de bioética e cuidados paliativos nos cursos de graduação das escolas médicas de Minas Gerais.

  16. BIOS Security Analysis and a Kind of Trusted BIOS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Zhenliu; Xu, Rongsheng

    The BIOS's security threats to computer system are analyzed and security requirements for firmware BIOS are summarized in this paper. Through discussion about TCG's trust transitivity, a new approach about CRTM implementation based on BIOS is developed. In this paper, we also put forward a new trusted BIOS architecture-UTBIOS which is built on Intel Framework for EFI/UEFI. The trustworthiness of UTBIOS is based on trusted hardware TPM. In UTBIOS, trust encapsulation and trust measurement are used to construct pre-OS trust chain. Performance of trust measurement is also analyzed in the end.

  17. Cuidados paliativos e bioética: estudo com enfermeiros assistenciais Palliative care and bioethics: study with assistance nurses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiani Garrido de Andrade

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Objetivou-se investigar as observâncias éticas utilizadas pelos enfermeiros ao assistirem o paciente sem possibilidades de cura. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, realizada com 28 enfermeiros de um hospital público, localizado na cidade de João Pessoa – PB. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, de agosto a outubro de 2012 e submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: As categorias identificadas foram: Cuidados Paliativos: princípios da Bioética ao paciente sem possibilidades de cura e Privacidade e sigilo profissional no âmbito dos cuidados paliativos. Tais categorias indicaram que os profissionais passam a valorizar os princípios da Bioética, assim como a privacidade e o sigilo profissional, utilizando-os como estratégia para auxiliar o cuidar ao paciente sem possibilidades de cura. Conclusão: Espera-se que este estudo subsidie novas investigações, pois ainda são incipientes as pesquisas que abordam a bioética na assistência ao paciente sob cuidados paliativos.

  18. Modelagem Não-linear da Produção Acumulada de Biogás em Rede de Biodigestores Anaeróbios. = Non lineal model of the biogas accumulated production in anaerobe digester’s network.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guido Nunes Lopes

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available A presente nota tem por objetivo descrever o modelo padrão não linear (determinístico Gompertz e exponencial de base γ da produção acumulada de biogás em rede de biodigestores anaeróbios. Modelam-se os efeitos da variação da quantidade de biomassa, água e inóculo na produção de biogás e da redução nos teores de sólidos totais e voláteis. E faz-se correção de volume de biogás para a CNTP (200C, 1atm. = The present technical notes aims to describe a nonlinear standard model (Gompertz deterministic and γ base exponential for accumulated production of biogas in a network of anaerobic digester’s. In this way, some variation effects were modelled for biomass, water and inoculate quantities, considering the biogas production as well as reduction of total solids and volatile contents. It also includes the correction of biogas volumes for normal temperature and pressure conditions (200C, 1 atm.

  19. VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA: UMA ANÁLISE SOB O PRISMA DA AUTONOMIA, BENEFICÊNCIA E DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA

    OpenAIRE

    da Silva, Delmo Mattos; Serra, Maiane Cibele de Mesquita

    2017-01-01

    A violência obstétrica corresponde a uma forma específica de violência institucional e de gênero e implica em violação de direitos humanos, caracterizada pela imposição de intervenções danosas à integridade física e psicológica das parturientes, perpetrada pelos profissionais de saúde, bem como pelas instituições (públicas e privadas) nas quais tais mulheres são atendidas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo problematizar tal questão a partir da discussão dos princípios bioéticos da autonomia ...

  20. Anurofauna da bacia do Rio Tijuco, Minas Gerais, Brasil e sua relação com taxocenoses de anfíbios do Cerrado e suas transições

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos E. Conte

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available A supressão de paisagens naturais tem dizimado populações e/ou reduzido a área de ocorrência de muitas espécies de anuros, caso do Cerrado, dado o grande potencial econômico e velocidade de descaracterização por atividades humanas. Por este motivo, inventários de espécies são extremamente necessários nessas regiões que dependendo do grau de alteração ambiental podem prejudicar as atividades de dispersão e reprodução dos anuros. Este estudo tem por objetivo determinar a riqueza e a diversidade de modos reprodutivos da anurofauna da bacia do Rio Tijuco e comparar a composição da taxocenose dessa região com taxocenoses de anfíbios de outras regiões do bioma Cerrado e da floresta estacional semidecidual anteriormente estudadas. O estudo foi desenvolvido ao longo da bacia do Rio Tijuco numa extensão aproximada de 80 km. Através de quatro métodos de amostragem, foram registradas 40 espécies de anuros pertencentes a seis famílias, o que corresponde a 20% das espécies de anuros registradas para o Cerrado. As condições da paisagem favorecem espécies mais tolerantes e adaptadas ao clima mais seco, o que reflete numa taxocenose que possui baixa proporção de modos reprodutivos e uma elevada representatividade de modos generalizados, dependentes de água ou com adaptações contra dessecação. Em comparação com outras 15 localidades verificou-se que a anurofauna do Cerrado é típica, com baixa similaridade taxonômica com ecossistemas adjacentes. A diversidade de habitats e a expressiva riqueza de espécies tornam a bacia do Rio Tijuco de grande importância para a conservação da anurofauna do bioma Cerrado.

  1. Atividade da catalase e da lactato desidrogenase em tilápias submetidas a estresse de confinamento: efeito da cor do ambiente Catalase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in tilapia subjected to contention stress: effect of the background color

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elyara Maria Pereira-da-Silva

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos da cor do ambiente sobre o crescimento e a atividade da enzima antioxidante catalase (CAT e da lactato desidrogenase (LDH em tilápias do Nilo (n=24; 36,2±3,6g. Oito exemplares foram mortos para determinação da atividade basal das enzimas e os demais permaneceram isolados durante 14 dias sob espectro de luz branca ou azul (n=8 peixes/tratamento. A seguir os peixes foram submetidos a um estresse diário de confinamento de 90 minutos (15° ao 28° dia e pesados semanalmente para cálculo da taxa de crescimento específico (TCE. A TCE negativa confirmou que o confinamento provocou estresse nos peixes, independentemente da cor do ambiente. O aumento da atividade da LDH no músculo vermelho dos peixes mantidos sob luz branca ou azul indicou mudança do metabolismo aeróbio para anaeróbio. O estresse reduziu a atividade da CAT no músculo branco dos peixes mantidos sob a luz branca ou azul. Na musculatura vermelha, esta redução ocorreu apenas nos animais mantidos sob a luz branca. O confinamento aumenta os processos metabólicos anaeróbios e é adequado para estudos sobre os efeitos do estresse. O espectro de luz azul não evita a redução do crescimento e a demanda energética anaeróbia em situações de estresse, mas preserva a atividade da CAT, contribuindo para o bem-estar da tilápia.We assess the effects of the background color on the growth and antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH in Nile tilapia (n=24; 36.2±3.6g. Eight fish were killed for assessment of basal activity of the enzymes and the others remained isolated for 14 days under white or blue light spectrum (n=8 fish/treatment. Then each animal were subjected to a daily stress of confinement of 90 minutes (15th to 28th day and weighed to calculate the specific growth rate (SGR. The negative SGR confirmed that the confinement stressed in fish, regardless of the background color. The increased activity of LDH in red muscle of fish

  2. Nano-bio-sensing

    CERN Document Server

    Carrara, Sandro

    2011-01-01

    This book examines state-of-the-art applications of nano-bio-sensing. It brings together researchers from nano-electronics and bio-technology, providing multidisciplinary content from nano-structures fabrication to bio-sensing applications.

  3. Study of bio-oil and bio-char production from algae by slow pyrolysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chaiwong, K.; Kiatsiriroat, T.; Vorayos, N.; Thararax, C.

    2013-01-01

    This study examined bio-oil and bio-char fuel produced from Spirulina Sp. by slow pyrolysis. A thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) was used to investigate the pyrolytic characteristics and essential components of algae. It was found that the temperature for the maximum degradation, 322 °C, is lower than that of other biomass. With our fixed-bed reactor, 125 g of dried Spirulina Sp. algae was fed under a nitrogen atmosphere until the temperature reached a set temperature between 450 and 600 °C. It was found that the suitable temperature to obtain bio-char and bio-oil were at approximately 500 and 550 °C respectively. The bio-oil components were identified by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The saturated functional carbon of the bio-oil was in a range of heavy naphtha, kerosene and diesel oil. The energy consumption ratio (ECR) of bio-oil and bio-char was calculated, and the net energy output was positive. The ECR had an average value of 0.49. -- Highlights: •Bio-oil and bio-char fuel produced from Spirulina Sp. by slow pyrolysis. •Suitable temperature to obtained bio-oil and bio-char were at about 550 and 500 °C. •Saturated functional carbon of bio-oil was heavy naphtha, kerosene, diesel oil. •ECR had an average value of 0.49

  4. From marine bio-corrosion to new bio-processes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bergel, A.; Dasilva, S.; Basseguy, R.; Feron, D.; Mollica, A.

    2004-01-01

    Full text of publication follows: From the middle of the last century it has been observed that the development of marine bio-films on the surface of stainless steels and different metallic materials induces the ennoblement of their free corrosion potential. A main step in deciphering the mechanisms of aerobic marine bio-corrosion has been achieved around 1976 with the demonstration that the potential ennoblement was due to the modification of the cathodic process. Since this date, the catalysis of oxygen reduction by marine bio-films has been the topic of numerous controversies, but it is now commonly agreed as a basic phenomena in aerobic corrosion. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the fine mechanisms of the bio-film-catalysed reduction of oxygen: intermediate formation of hydrogen peroxide, modification of the oxide layer on the stainless steel surface, involvement of manganese species and manganese oxidising bacteria, catalysis by proteins produced by the micro-organisms... Recent results may confirm the possible involvement of hemic enzymes or proteins. Whatever the mechanisms, very promising results have been obtained with the possible application of bio-film-catalysed oxygen reduction to conceive innovative biofuel cells with stainless steel electrodes. Actually, the catalysis of oxygen reduction is a key step that still drastically hinders the development of economically efficient hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells. The current technology requires high amounts of platinum or platinum-based materials to catalyze oxygen reduction on the cathode of these cells. The prohibitive cost of platinum is a main obstacle to the commercialization of low-cost fuel cells. Unpublished results recently showed that adapting the enzyme-catalysed reaction that was assumed for bio-corrosion on the cathode of hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells may lead to a significant decrease in the charge of platinum. Moreover, it was demonstrated on a laboratory-scale fuel cell pilot that

  5. Registro sintético de uma vida: entrevista com Fábio Alves dos Santos (Synthetic record of a life - Interview with Fabio Alves dos Santos.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Alves dos Santos

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Fábio Alves dos Santos (1954-2013 cursou Pedagogia, Ciências Sociais e Teologia, era Especialista em Filosofia da Religião (PUC Minas, Advogado (PUC Minas e Mestre em Direito Constitucional (UFMG. Lecionou na PUC Minas como professor de Cultura Religiosa e depois como professor no Curso de Direito, atuando principalmente no Serviço de Assistência Judiciária – SAJ, especialmente cuidado de causas populares como as da ASMARE (Associação dos Catadores de Papel, Papelão e Material Reaproveitável de Belo Horizonte, da Pastoral de Rua, da Pastoral Carcerária, de movimentos de “Sem Casa”, de ocupações e tantos outros grupos. Sua primeira publicação foi “Começo de mundo novo: sofrimento, luta e vitória dos posseiros de Santana dos Frades”, Sergipe, numa versão popular em 1981 e outra pela Editora Vozes (1990. Fruto de sua dissertação de mestrado, Fábio publicou o livro “Direito Agrário: política fundiária no Brasil (1995. Em 2001 saiu seu último livro, uma coletânea de artigos publicados em diversos jornais: “Em defesa da vida”. Num artigo em Horizonte (2004, juntamente com o advogado, amigo e colega Prof. Cristiano de Melo Bastos, discutiu “A prática jurídica na missão da PUC Minas”. Fábio sofria de grave problema de visão há mais de 15 anos. Quase ficou cego depois de diversas cirurgias de miopia. Isso, porém, não o impedia de seguir seu constante compromisso com as lutas populares. Na última entrevista que concedeu, menos de um mês antes de sua morte (19 de outubro de 2013, depois de duro sofrimento de quase dois anos, no tratamento de um câncer no pâncreas, conta um pouco de sua vida, sua luta e sua percepção de várias realidades, especialmente da Igreja e da pastoral. Militante formado na Teologia da Libertação, de profunda espiritualidade, marcada por traços da religiosidade popular nordestina e comprometida com a libertação, Fábio Alves também buscou em sua vida abrir-se

  6. Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e resistido nas respostas cardiovasculares de idosos ativos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafaella Ribas Locks

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos da associação do treinamento aeróbio e resistido nas respostas cardiovasculares de idosos. MÉTODOS: Onze sujeitos (ambos os gêneros, 70 ± 5 anos realizaram, duas vezes por semana, caminhada e exercícios resistidos para membros inferiores por 12 semanas. As avaliações foram realizadas antes, a cada quatro semanas de treinamento e após quatro semanas de destreinamento, por meio do teste de seis minutos de caminhada e aferição de pressão arterial (PA e frequência cardíaca (FC antes, imediatamente após e no quinto e décimo minutos subsequentes ao teste. Os resultados foram comparados pelo teste Wilcoxon (p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Quatro semanas de treinamento promoveram redução da PA sistólica e diastólica em repouso (120 ± 16 mmHg vs. 138 ± 20 mmHg, p = 0,01; 70 ± 9 mmHg vs. 84 ± 10 mmHg, p = 0,007, respectivamente e redução da PA diastólica imediatamente após o teste (78 ± 12 mmHg vs. 86 ± 9 mmHg, p = 0,01, que persistiu após dez minutos do esforço submáximo, quando comparadas ao pré-treino. Após 12 semanas, houve aumento da distância percorrida (555 ± 65m vs. 514 ± 100 m, p = 0,04 quando comparado ao pré-treino e recuperação dos valores de repouso da FC dez minutos após o esforço. CONCLUSÃO: A associação do treinamento aeróbio e resistido, em apenas quatro semanas, promoveu adaptações cardiovasculares eficientes na redução da PA sistólica e diastólica. Após 12 semanas, houve aumento da resistência à caminhada submáxima e recuperação dos valores em repouso da FC. Mesmo com o destreinamento, todos os resultados, exceto a FC, foram mantidos.

  7. Atributos do solo e crescimento do milho decorrentes da adição de lodo anaeróbio da estação de tratamento de efluentes da parboilização do arroz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giúlia D'Avila Vieira

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available O resíduo do processo de parboilização do arroz apresenta alta quantidade de elementos como N e P, dentre outros, que, uma vez incorporados ao solo, poderão servir como fonte de nutrientes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho avaliou alguns atributos de um Argissolo, a produção de massa seca e o estado nutricional do milho cultivado após a adição de lodo anaeróbio originado do processo de parboilização do arroz. O experimento foi instalado em vasos com capacidade para 4,0 kg de solo e com quatro repetições. Foram estudados os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha; adubação NPK; 2,15, 4,31, 8,62, 12,93, e 17,24 g kg-1 de lodo (base seca no solo. A aplicação de lodo aumentou o rendimento de matéria seca do milho, assim como os valores de pH, condutividade elétrica e os teores de N, P, K e Na do solo. As doses de lodo aumentaram também os teores de N, P e K e diminuíram os de Ca e Mg, da parte aérea do milho.

  8. Estratégias de enfrentamento dos dilemas bioéticos gerados pela violência na escola Coping strategies to bioethical dilemmas generated by school violence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavia Pedro dos Anjos Santos

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available A violência na escola é um problema social que perpassa o âmbito da educação e da saúde pública, envolve aspectos bioéticos e requer mecanismos de enfrentamento, a partir da educação em saúde. Este estudo objetiva discutir estratégias fundamentadoras da educação em saúde, sobre aspectos bioéticos no domínio da violência escolar. Consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica crítico-reflexiva por meio do acesso a banco de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS, utilizando os descritores "violência and bioética" e "violência na escola", considerando os estudos publicados no período de 2004 a 2009. Realizamos também levantamento das obras de Paulo Freire e Pedro Demo, teóricos da Educação Libertadora. A leitura do material conduziu-nos a definição e discussão de três eixos temáticos: 1 bioética como instrumento reflexivo para a retomada dos valores morais na sociedade; 2 escola como formadora ética e de exercício de cidadania; 3 educação em saúde como instrumento para o enfrentamento da violência na escola. Acreditamos que a violência escolar envolve questões bioéticas que devem ser alvo de intervenções educativas na perspectiva libertadora, no intuito de gerar reflexões sobre o caráter negativo da violência escolar, tanto para o ensino-aprendizagem, como para o adoecimento dos atores envolvidos nessa problemática. Os profissionais da saúde poderão estabelecer a intersetorialidade com a educação e contribuir na prevenção da violência na escola, por meio de ações educativas em saúde, mobilizando cidadãos para uma sociedade comprometida em promover a vida; e que os profissionais da educação sejam receptivos e coparticipantes do processo intersetorial de educação e saúde.School violence is a social problem that pervades the educational and public health context, involving bioethical issues and requires coping mechanisms from health education. This study aims to discuss strategies that

  9. Formação ética e humana no curso de medicina da UFRN: uma análise crítica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla Patrícia Cardoso Amorim

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo documental, transversal, de caráter exploratório descritivo. Foram examinadas informações sobre programas e ementas referentes aos componentes curriculares obrigatórios, a fim de se proceder a uma análise crítica acerca de como o ensino da ética/bioética e demais humanidades está sendo concebido no curso de Medicina da UFRN, bem como quais temáticas são abordadas durante essa formação e os momentos em que tais assuntos foram inseridos. Foram analisados todos os componentes curriculares obrigatórios (59 disciplinas. Obteve-se o programa de 39 (66,1% e as ementas de 54 (91,53%. Detectaram-se três importantes momentos do curso em que não se verificava inserção das temáticas referentes à ética/bioética e humanidades entre as atividades listadas nos programas ou ementas. Relação médico-paciente e exercício ilegal da medicina foram os temas mais frequentes. Este estudo fornece um panorama pouco explorado sobre o ensino da ética/bioética e humanidades no curso de Medicina da UFRN, podendo servir para fundamentar a melhora do ensino em nossa e em outras faculdades.

  10. [Trattamento del disturbo da uso di alcol da un punto di vista psicologico].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coriale, Giovanna; Fiorentino, Daniela; De Rosa, Francesca; Solombrino, Simona; Scalese, Bruna; Ciccarelli, Rosaria; Attilia, Fabio; Vitali, Mario; Musetti, Alessia; Fiore, Marco; Ceccanti, Mauro

    2018-01-01

    RIASSUNTO. L'elaborazione del piano di trattamento rappresenta un momento molto delicato e complesso del processo terapeutico del disturbo da abuso di alcol (DUA). È la fase in cui le informazioni raccolte da un'équipe di professionisti (medici, psicologi e assistenti sociali) (modello bio-psico-sociale del DUA) vengono messe insieme per decidere il percorso terapeutico più adatto. Per quanto riguarda la parte psicologica, è di notevole importanza scegliere un trattamento clinico in grado di ridurre al minimo la mancata adesione al trattamento e, per i soggetti che rimangono in trattamento, di garantirne l'efficacia. Se da una parte, le tecniche psicoanalitiche e comportamentali hanno fornito le basi della terapia psicologica dell'alcolismo, dall'altra, gli approcci basati sull'evidenza scientifica sono stati elaborati a partire dai principi del colloquio motivazionale e della terapia cognitivo-comportamentale. In questo articolo viene fornita una panoramica dei trattamenti che sono risultati più efficaci nel trattare il DUA e delle modalità temporali più adeguate per monitorare l'efficacia del trattamento.

  11. Comparative techno-economic analysis of biohydrogen production via bio-oil gasification and bio-oil reforming

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Yanan; Brown, Tristan R.; Hu, Guiping; Brown, Robert C.

    2013-01-01

    This paper evaluates the economic feasibility of biohydrogen production via two bio-oil processing pathways: bio-oil gasification and bio-oil reforming. Both pathways employ fast pyrolysis to produce bio-oil from biomass stock. The two pathways are modeled using Aspen Plus ® for a 2000 t d −1 facility. Equipment sizing and cost calculations are based on Aspen Economic Evaluation® software. Biohydrogen production capacity at the facility is 147 t d −1 for the bio-oil gasification pathway and 160 t d −1 for the bio-oil reforming pathway. The biomass-to-fuel energy efficiencies are 47% and 84% for the bio-oil gasification and bio-oil reforming pathways, respectively. Total capital investment (TCI) is 435 million dollars for the bio-oil gasification pathway and is 333 million dollars for the bio-oil reforming pathway. Internal rates of return (IRR) are 8.4% and 18.6% for facilities employing the bio-oil gasification and bio-oil reforming pathways, respectively. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that biohydrogen price, biohydrogen yield, fixed capital investment (FCI), bio-oil yield, and biomass cost have the greatest impacts on facility IRR. Monte-Carlo analysis shows that bio-oil reforming is more economically attractive than bio-oil gasification for biohydrogen production. -- Highlights: ► Biohydrogen production via bio-oil reforming has higher energy efficiency compared to gasification. ► Hydrogen price, fixed capital cost, and feedstock cost most strongly affect IRR. ► Lower risk investment is biohydrogen production via bio-oil reforming

  12. Medio ambiente urbano. Conceptualización y aplicación a la ciudad de Puertollano (Ciudad Real

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cañizares Ruiz, María del Carmen

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available This paper tries to be not only an approach to urban environment conception, but also a refletion on its own content like element and factor of urban development. Its research centres on the city of Puertollano, where the demographic concentration and the appearance of highly polluant industries (chemistry, refining petroleum, thermoelectric are the main reasons of a vaste set of problems. In order to the face them, the only viable solution is an integrated planning based on the environmental improvements.

    [es] Este artículo pretende aportar una aproximación al concepto de medio ambiente urbano así como una reflexión sobre su propio contenido como elemento y factor del desarrollo urbano. Su análisis se concreta en la ciudad de Puertollano en la que la concentración demográfica y la aparición de industrias altamente contaminantes (químicas, refino de petróleo, termoeléctricas son las causas fundamentales de una extensa problemática frente a la cual sólo es válida una planificación integrada basada en la mejora ambiental urbana. [fr] Cet article, il prétent apporter une approximation a l'idée ou concept du environement urbain, aussi bien q'une réflexion sur leur contenu comme un élément et aussi facteur du développement urbain. Son analyse se precise a la ville de Puertollano dans laquelle la concentration démographique et l'apparition des industries hautement contaminants (chimiques, raffine du pétrole, thermoélectriques ce sont les causes fondamentales d'une vaste problématique en face laquelle seulement est valide une planification intégrale base sur l'amélioration du milieu.

  13. Estimación de la viscosidad de escorias fayaliticas utilizando el modelo de cálculo kv y el método experimental del plano inclinado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bazán, V.

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available The viscosity of the slags represents one of the most relevant variables of most of the processes metallurgical and kinetics of the refine operations, since it is one of the decisive factors of the efficiency in the reactions between metal and slag, as much as slag - refractory. In the last decades, the mathematical models of different metallurgical processes have established methods to predict viscosity of mixtures of oxides fused to high temperatures in function of the chemical composition. The model developed by Toguri, based on the data reported by Johasen and Winterhager et al has proposed the Kv model. The used index it is similar to the relationship used in the steel industry like the basicity index. It is presented in this work values determined of viscosity in experimental form by means of the technique of inclined plane.

    La viscosidad de las escorias representa una de las variables más relevantes de la mayoría de los procesos metalúrgicos y cinética de las operaciones de refino, dado que es uno de los factores determinantes de la eficiencia en las reacciones entre metal y escoria, tanto como escoria-refractario. En las últimas décadas, los modelos matemáticos de diferentes procesos metalúrgicos han establecido métodos para predecir la viscosidad de mezclas de óxidos fundidos a altas temperaturas, en función de la composición química. El modelo Kv desarrollado por Toguri, basado en los datos ofrecidos por Johasen et. al. y Winterhager, ha propuesto la utilización de un índice (Kv similar a la relación usada en la industria del acero como el índice de basicidad. Se presentan, en este trabajo, valores de la viscosidad determinados en forma experimental mediante la técnica de plano inclinado.

  14. D-Amino acid oxidase bio-functionalized platforms: Toward an enhanced enzymatic bio-activity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herrera, Elisa; Valdez Taubas, Javier; Giacomelli, Carla E.

    2015-11-01

    The purpose of this work is to study the adsorption process and surface bio-activity of His-tagged D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) from Rhodotorula gracilis (His6-RgDAAO) as the first step for the development of an electrochemical bio-functionalized platform. With such a purpose this work comprises: (a) the His6-RgDAAO bio-activity in solution determined by amperometry, (b) the adsorption mechanism of His6-RgDAAO on bare gold and carboxylated modified substrates in the absence (substrate/COO-) and presence of Ni(II) (substrate/COO- + Ni(II)) determined by reflectometry, and (c) the bio-activity of the His6-RgDAAO bio-functionalized platforms determined by amperometry. Comparing the adsorption behavior and bio-activity of His6-RgDAAO on these different solid substrates allows understanding the contribution of the diverse interactions responsible for the platform performance. His6-RgDAAO enzymatic performance in solution is highly improved when compared to the previously used pig kidney (pk) DAAO. His6-RgDAAO exhibits an amperometrically detectable bio-activity at concentrations as low as those expected on a bio-functional platform; hence, it is a viable bio-recognition element of D-amino acids to be coupled to electrochemical platforms. Moreover, His6-RgDAAO bio-functionalized platforms exhibit a higher surface activity than pkDAAO physically adsorbed on gold. The platform built on Ni(II) modified substrates present enhanced bio-activity because the surface complexes histidine-Ni(II) provide with site-oriented, native-like enzymes. The adsorption mechanism responsible of the excellent performance of the bio-functionalized platform takes place in two steps involving electrostatic and bio-affinity interactions whose prevalence depends on the degree of surface coverage.

  15. Efeito do treinamento aeróbio nos níveis de homocisteína em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre de Souza e Silva

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Os programas de treinamento aeróbio têm demonstrado bons resultados no controle das variáveis de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos; no entanto, os efeitos nos níveis de homocisteína não estão claros. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio nos níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína e fatores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2.MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 15 mulheres com diabetes do tipo 2 e média de idade 68,86 ± 11,2 anos. Todos os indivíduos da amostra foram submetidos a um teste de avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigénio (VO2máx seguindo o protocolo de Bruce, avaliação da pressão arterial e avaliação antropométrica. Foi também efetuada uma coleta de 10 ml de sangue (veia antecubital em jejum de no mínimo 12 horas. O plasma foi separado e processado para posterior análise da concentração de homocisteína (mmol/l, colesterol total (mg/dl, lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade (VLDL (mg/dl, lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL (mg/dl, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL (mg/dl, triglicérides (mg/dl e glicemia (mg/dl. Os testes foram feitos antes e após 16 semanas de treinamento aeróbio. O programa foi realizado com 2 sessões de treinamento não consecutivas por semana, com intensidade compreendida entre 60% e 70% da frequência cardíaca máxima e duração de 75 minutos por sessão.RESULTADOS: Os resultados observados revelam que o programa de exercício físico induziu uma diminuição não significativa da concentração plasmática de homocisteína. Foram ainda identificadas melhorias do perfil lipídico e do Consumo Máximo de Oxigênio (VO2máx, diminuição da glicemia, da pressão arterial diastólica, do percentual de gordura e massa gorda.CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o programa de treinamento aeróbio reduziu o risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2, embora a alteração da homocisteína não tenha sido significativa.

  16. tmBioC: improving interoperability of text-mining tools with BioC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khare, Ritu; Wei, Chih-Hsuan; Mao, Yuqing; Leaman, Robert; Lu, Zhiyong

    2014-01-01

    The lack of interoperability among biomedical text-mining tools is a major bottleneck in creating more complex applications. Despite the availability of numerous methods and techniques for various text-mining tasks, combining different tools requires substantial efforts and time owing to heterogeneity and variety in data formats. In response, BioC is a recent proposal that offers a minimalistic approach to tool interoperability by stipulating minimal changes to existing tools and applications. BioC is a family of XML formats that define how to present text documents and annotations, and also provides easy-to-use functions to read/write documents in the BioC format. In this study, we introduce our text-mining toolkit, which is designed to perform several challenging and significant tasks in the biomedical domain, and repackage the toolkit into BioC to enhance its interoperability. Our toolkit consists of six state-of-the-art tools for named-entity recognition, normalization and annotation (PubTator) of genes (GenNorm), diseases (DNorm), mutations (tmVar), species (SR4GN) and chemicals (tmChem). Although developed within the same group, each tool is designed to process input articles and output annotations in a different format. We modify these tools and enable them to read/write data in the proposed BioC format. We find that, using the BioC family of formats and functions, only minimal changes were required to build the newer versions of the tools. The resulting BioC wrapped toolkit, which we have named tmBioC, consists of our tools in BioC, an annotated full-text corpus in BioC, and a format detection and conversion tool. Furthermore, through participation in the 2013 BioCreative IV Interoperability Track, we empirically demonstrate that the tools in tmBioC can be more efficiently integrated with each other as well as with external tools: Our experimental results show that using BioC reduces >60% in lines of code for text-mining tool integration. The tmBioC toolkit

  17. Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos: a lente bioética na segurança alimentar

    OpenAIRE

    Carvalho, Luciana Rodriguez Teixeira de; Rocha, Dais Gonçalves

    2013-01-01

    A bioética alcança questões públicas e busca a garantia dos direitos humanos, dentre os quais aqui se destaca o da alimentação, debate ético de uma situação persistente resultante da exclusão social. O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) busca a construção de proposta de segurança alimentar e nutricional centrada na comercialização da produção, nas pessoas, no social e na segurança alimentar dos mais vulneráveis. Este trabalho objetivou analisar os documentos oficiais do PAA, na modalida...

  18. Utilização de reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbio em sistema de tratamento combinado de águas residuárias

    OpenAIRE

    Campos, Rosane Hein de

    2001-01-01

    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos estudos em um sistema de tratamento combinando reator anaeróbio (tanque séptico) com reator aeróbio (leito fluidizado trifásico), tendo como objetivo avaliar o comportamento do reator aeróbio no tratamento de esgoto sanitário e do restaurante universitário (RU), da UFSC. Utilizou-se um reator de leito fluidizado trifásico...

  19. Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of tomato seed oils from processing wastes Características físico-químicas e composição em ácidos graxos de óleos de sementes de tomate de resíduos industriais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P.R. Cantarelli

    1993-05-01

    Full Text Available The major component of tomato processing industry wastes is seed. Samples of tomato (Petomech var. pomace from industries of São Paulo state submitted to Hot and Cold Break treatments, were spontaneously fermented and washed to separate seeds. The oils were analysed for specific gravity, iodine and saponifícation numbers, refractive index, viscosity and fatty acid composition. Except for saponifícation number, Hot and Cold Break seed oils were very similar. In both treatments palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid, followed by stearic acid. Linoleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid followed by oleic acid. Both oleic and linoleic acids added up to over 60% of total fatty acids, being higher in Cold Break seed oils. Both treatments produced high nutritional oil quality. Differences in colour and viscosity may incur in more intense refining operations for Brazilian tomato processing industries due to the adoption of the Hot Break treatment.O principal componente de resíduos da industrialização de tomates é a semente. Amostras de resíduos após extração comercial de tomates maduros (var. Petomech submetidas a tratamentos de Hot e Cold Break em indústrias do Estado de São Paulo foram deixadas fermentar espontaneamente e as sementes separadas após lavagem. Os óleos foram analisados quanto ao peso específico, índices de iodo e saponifícação, índice de refração, viscosidade e composição em ácidos graxos. À exceção do índice de saponificação, os óleos dos tratamentos Hot e Cold Break apresentaram-se semelhantes. Em ambos os tratamentos o principal ácido graxo saturado foi o ácido palmítico, seguido pelo ácido esteárico. O ácido linoléico foi o principal ácido graxo insaturado, seguido pelo ácido oléico e juntos somaram a mais de 60% do total de ácidos graxos, o que torna o óleo de tomate recomendável à alimentação humana. As diferenças em cor e viscosidade dos óleos podem implicar num

  20. Bio-oil fractionation and condensation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Robert C; Jones, Samuel T; Pollard, Anthony

    2013-07-02

    A method of fractionating bio-oil vapors which involves providing bio-oil vapors comprising bio-oil constituents is described. The bio-oil vapors are cooled in a first stage which comprises a condenser having passages for the bio-oil separated by a heat conducting wall from passages for a coolant. The coolant in the condenser of the first stage is maintained at a substantially constant temperature, set at a temperature in the range of 75 to 100.degree. C., to condense a first liquid fraction of liquefied bio-oil constituents in the condenser of the first stage. The first liquid fraction of liquified bio-oil constituents from the condenser in the first stage is collected. Also described are steps for subsequently recovering further liquid fractions of liquefied bio-oil constituents. Particular compositions of bio-oil condensation products are also described.

  1. Rumo ao desenvolvimento espacial sustentável? Explorando as implicações da nova bioeconomia no setor agroalimentar e na inovação regional Towards sustainable spatial development? Exploring the implications of the emerging bio-economy in agri-food and regional innovation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ina Horlings

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available O paradigma da bioeconomia pode ser descrito como o conjunto das atividades econômicas que captam o valor latente em processos biológicos e nos biorecursos renováveis, para produzir melhores condições de saúde, além de crescimento e desenvolvimento sustentáveis. Este artigo faz uma revisão crítica do impacto da bioeconomia emergente sobre o desenvolvimento rural. São descritas algumas das consequências do desenvolvimento rural bioeconômico, na esfera agroalimentar e da inovação regional baseada em uma definição específica -e, de nosso ponto de vista, fraca -de Modernização Ecológica. A questão central, então, é: quais são as bases conceituais, a força impulsora, as expressões empíricas e as implicações do desenvolvimento bioeconômico? Argumenta-se que, embora a bioeconomia faça duras cobranças em relação à sustentabilidade, também deixa lacunas, apresenta al-guns efeitos secundários negativos, tanto ambientais como sociais, e corre o risco de ser uma economia parcial. Sustentamos, ainda, que a trajetória do desenvolvimento ecoeconômico pode constituir uma boa alternativa para localidades particularmente vulneráveis que queiram aumentar sua resiliência.The bio-economic paradigm can be described as those economic activities which capture the latent value in biological processes and renewable bioresources to produce improved health and sustainable growth and development. This article is a critical review of the impact of the emerging bio-economy in rural development. It describes some of its consequences in the sphere of agri-food and regional innovation based on a specific -and in our opinion weak - definition of Ecological Modernization. The central question then is: what are the conceptual roots, driving forces, empirical expressions and implications of bio-economic development? We argue that although the bio-economy makes severe sustainability claims, it also shows some missing links, has some negative

  2. O DESCARTE DE EMBRIÕES EM FACE DOS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sarita Von Roeder Michels

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available As novas técnicas de reprodução humana levadas a efeito no âmbito da Medicina, especialmente através da fertilização in vitro, exigem posicionamento da comunidade científica em face dos questionamentos delas decorrentes. O tratamento religioso, ético e jurídico dado à reprodução humana convencional não se aplica àquela que a ciência recente coloca à disposição da sociedade. O Direito, a Bioética e o Biodireito, de forma interdisciplinar, buscam o aperfeiçoamento doutrinário e legal a fim de recepcionar as novas descobertas de ciência médica. Assim, o presente estudo pretende, em linhas sinópticas, analisar o descarte de embriões em face das teorias da personalidade.

  3. Combinatorial Nano-Bio Interfaces.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Pingqiang; Zhang, Xiaoqian; Wang, Ming; Wu, Yun-Long; Chen, Xiaodong

    2018-06-08

    Nano-bio interfaces are emerging from the convergence of engineered nanomaterials and biological entities. Despite rapid growth, clinical translation of biomedical nanomaterials is heavily compromised by the lack of comprehensive understanding of biophysicochemical interactions at nano-bio interfaces. In the past decade, a few investigations have adopted a combinatorial approach toward decoding nano-bio interfaces. Combinatorial nano-bio interfaces comprise the design of nanocombinatorial libraries and high-throughput bioevaluation. In this Perspective, we address challenges in combinatorial nano-bio interfaces and call for multiparametric nanocombinatorics (composition, morphology, mechanics, surface chemistry), multiscale bioevaluation (biomolecules, organelles, cells, tissues/organs), and the recruitment of computational modeling and artificial intelligence. Leveraging combinatorial nano-bio interfaces will shed light on precision nanomedicine and its potential applications.

  4. 2010 World bio-energy conference

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    After having evoked the bio-energy price awarded to a Brazilian for his works on the use of eucalyptus as energy source, this report proposes a synthesis of the highlights of the conference: discussions about sustainability, bio-energies as an opportunity for developing countries, the success of bio-energies in Sweden, and more particularly some technological advances in the field of biofuels: a bio-LPG by Biofuel-solution AB, catalysis, bio-diesel from different products in a Swedish farm, a second generation ethanol by the Danish company Inbicon, a large scale methanization in Goteborg, a bio-refinery concept in Sweden, bio-gases

  5. FUNDAMENTACIONES DE LA BIOÉTICA FUNDAMENTAÇÕES DA BIOÉTICA FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Gómez-Lobo

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Tras señalar que la bioética no es sino ética aplicada, el artículo describe tres fundamentaciones bioéticas -utilitarismo, de los principios y de los bienes básicos-, examinando sus postulados principales y revelando sus aparentes limitaciones. Concluye que no es posible hacer bioética en forma reflexiva sin un conocimiento crítico de las opciones en filosofía moral y en ontología, y de las cuales derivan los principales desacuerdos actuales en la aplicación de la ética al dominio de la vida humana.O presente artigo, além de defender que a bioética é uma ética aplicada, descreve três fundamentações bioéticas possíveis: utilitarismo, principialismo e dos bens básicos, examinando seus postulados principias e revelando suas limitações. Conclui que não é possível fazer bioética de forma reflexiva sem um conhecimento crítico das opções na filosofia moral e na ontologia, das quais derivam os principias desacordos atuais na aplicação da ética no âmbito da vida humana.After pointing out that Bioethics is just applied ethics, the article describes three bioethics fundamentals: utilitarianism, of principles and the basic good, examining their main postulates and revealing their apparent limitations. The article concludes that it is not possible to do bioethics in a reflexive form without a critical knowledge of options in moral philosophy and in ontology, and from which the main current disagreement with the application of ethics to the domain of human life are derived.

  6. Cooperação em saúde na perspectiva bioética Cooperation in health from the bioethical perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Paranaguá de Santana

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available O estudo considera o cenário das relações internacionais na transição para o Século XXI como pano de fundo para uma reflexão sobre a perspectiva bioética da cooperação internacional em saúde. Apresenta uma análise exploratória sobre a produção científica interdisciplinar da bioética com a saúde pública no contexto internacional, revelando que o enfoque de ambas, ou mesmo das articulações entre esses dois temas, tem parca abordagem do ponto de vista das relações diplomáticas. Descreve a metodologia que permitiu selecionar publicações catalogadas nessa área interdisciplinar em duas fontes bibliográficas disponíveis na Web (93 artigos na BVS/Bireme e 161 na PubMed, apontando dificuldades na recuperação dessa literatura. Advoga o potencial da vertente epistemológica que floresceu na América Latina sob a designação da Bioética de Intervenção na abordagem dos desafios que afrontam o sistema de cooperação internacional, acenado como referencial de análise da cooperação sul-sul em saúde. Conclui propondo a sistematização e o aprofundamento do conhecimento na interseção da bioética com a saúde pública e a diplomacia, cuja projeção no âmbito político-institucional poderá contribuir para a redução das desigualdades das condições de saúde entre as nações.This study considers the scenario of international relations in the transition to the twenty-first century as a backdrop for reflection on the bioethical perspective of international cooperation in health. It presents an exploratory analysis of the interdisciplinary scientific production in bioethics and public health in the international context, revealing that the focus and confluence of both issues has scant coverage in terms of diplomatic relations. It describes the methodology used to select publications cataloged in this interdisciplinary area from two bibliographic sources available on the web (93 articles in BVS/BIREME and 161 in Pub

  7. Bio-oil and bio-char production from biomass and their structural analyses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kilic, Murat; Özsin, Gamzenur; Pütün, Ayşe E.; Pütün, Ersan

    2015-01-01

    Energy demand is increasing day by day because of the rapid developments in the population, industrialization and urbanisation. Since, fossil fuels will be at the verge of getting extinct, researches are mostly focused on the renewable sources, such as biomass, in recent years. This paper provides an environmentally friendly process to convert waste biomass samples to bio-oil and bio-char by pyrolysis. For this purpose, pyrolysis characteristics of pomegranate peels under inert atmosphere were studied by using both TGA to analysis decomposition behaviour and a batch reactor to investigate product yields and properties. The properties of bio-oil and bio-char were investigated by different analytical techniques such as GC-MS, FT-IR, SEM, He pycnometry and elemental analysis. As a consequence, it is possible to obtain bio-oil, which has similar properties like petroleum hydrocarbons, and to obtain bio-char, which can be further used as a solid fuel or a carbonaceous adsorbent material via pyrolysis process. (full text)

  8. Relação entre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e VO 2pico em mulheres ativas

    OpenAIRE

    Tamburús, Nayara Yamada; Rebelo, Ana Cristina Silva; César, Marcelo de Castro; Catai, Aparecida Maria; Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros; Andrade, Carolina Pieroni; Porta, Alberto; Silva, Ester da

    2014-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Ava+liar a associação entre os índices da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória.MÉTODOS: Sessenta e duas mulheres (idade 22,1 ± 3,3 anos) foram divididas em quatro grupos: treinamento aeróbio (AER, n = 15), treinamento de força (FOR, n = 13), treinamento combinado (aeróbio e força) (AER+FOR, n = 15) e controle (C, n = 19). O teste cardiopulmonar foi realizado para avaliar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória a partir do consumo de oxigênio pico (VO2pico...

  9. Methodology for the identification of significant environmental aspects of oil refining process; Metodologia para identifcacao de aspectos ambientais significativos nos processos de refino de petroleo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ugaya, Cassia Maria Lie; Henschel, Jefferson [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Parana (CEFET-PR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil)

    2004-07-01

    The oil-producing sector have been developing several actions in order to reduce its environmental impacts, an example is the implementation of the Environmental Management System (EMS). It requires the identification of the environmental aspects which are relevant, but it does not specify the methodology for it. Some authors suggest the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as it is a scientific, rigorous and possible subject to be reproduced. Life Cycle Assessment aims the reduction of the environmental impacts generated by a product, process or service, since the extraction of the natural resources until it's discard. This work seeks to adapt this methodology to the demands, needs and inherent reality of an oil-refinery. An analyses of the natural resources inputs and residues of the most common pollutants for each process has been carried out. After that, equations were gathered in order to create a computer software, based on Delphi. This program is been tested. (author)

  10. Photobiology of Symbiodinium revisited: bio-physical and bio-optical signatures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hennige, S. J.; Suggett, D. J.; Warner, M. E.; McDougall, K. E.; Smith, D. J.

    2009-03-01

    Light is often the most abundant resource within the nutrient-poor waters surrounding coral reefs. Consequently, zooxanthellae ( Symbiodinium spp.) must continually photoacclimate to optimise productivity and ensure coral success. In situ coral photobiology is becoming dominated by routine assessments using state-of-the-art non-invasive bio-optical or chlorophyll a fluorescence (bio-physical) techniques. Multiple genetic types of Symbiodinium are now known to exist; however, little focus has been given as to how these types differ in terms of characteristics that are observable using these techniques. Therefore, this investigation aimed to revisit and expand upon a pivotal study by Iglesias-Prieto and Trench (1994) by comparing the photoacclimation characteristics of different Symbiodinium types based on their bio-physical (chlorophyll a fluorescence, reaction centre counts) and bio-optical (optical absorption, pigment concentrations) ‘signatures’. Signatures described here are unique to Symbiodinium type and describe phenotypic responses to set conditions, and hence are not suitable to describe taxonomic structure of in hospite Symbiodinium communities. In this study, eight Symbiodinium types from clades and sub-clades (A-B, F) were grown under two PFDs (Photon Flux Density) and examined. The photoacclimation response by Symbiodinium was highly variable between algal types for all bio-physical and for many bio-optical measurements; however, a general preference to modifying reaction centre content over effective antennae-absorption was observed. Certain bio-optically derived patterns, such as light absorption, were independent of algal type and, when considered per photosystem, were matched by reaction centre stoichiometry. Only by better understanding genotypic and phenotypic variability between Symbiodinium types can future studies account for the relative taxonomic and physiological contribution by Symbiodinium to coral acclimation.

  11. The Future of Bio-technology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trent, Jonathan

    2005-01-01

    Hosts of technologies, most notably in electronics, have been on the path of miniaturization for decades and in 2005 they have crossed the threshold of the nano-scale. Crossing the nano-scale threshold is a milestone in miniaturization, setting impressive new standards for component-packing densities. It also brings technology to a scale at which quantum effects and fault tolerance play significant roles and approaches the feasible physical limit form many conventional "top-down" manufacturing methods. I will suggest that the most formidable manufacturing problems in nanotechnology will be overcome and major breakthroughs will occur in a host of technologies, when nanotechnology converges with bio-technology; i.e. I will argue that the future of bio-technology is in nanotechnology. In 2005, methods in molecular biology, microscopy, bioinformatics, biochemistry, and genetic engineering have focused considerable attention on the nano-scale. On this scale, biology is a kind of recursive chemistry in which molecular recognition, self-assembly, self-organization and self-referencing context-control lead to the emergence of the complexity of structures and processes that are fundamental to all life forms. While we are still far from understanding this complexity, we are on the threshold of being able to use at least some of these biological properties for .technology. I will discuss the use of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins as "tools" for the bio-technologist of the future. More specifically, I will present in some detail an example of how we are using a genetically engineered 60-kDa protein (HSP60) from an organism living in near boiling sulfuric acid to build nano-scale templates for arranging metallic nanoparticles. These "extremophile" HSP60s self-assemble into robust double-ring structures called "chaperonins," which further assemble into filaments and arrays with nanometer accuracy. I will discuss our efforts to use chaperonins to organize quantum

  12. Leptina e exercício físico aeróbio: implicações da adiposidade corporal e insulina Leptin and endurance exercise: implications of adiposity and insulin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiana Braga Benatti

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Atualmente, a obesidade pode ser classificada como uma pandemia e suas conseqüências vão desde o diabetes mellitus até a doença cardíaca. Tanto fatores genéticos como ambientais contribuem para isso, porém, em humanos, o componente genético ainda é pouco definido. Com a clonagem do gene ob de ratos e do seu receptor, foi descoberta a leptina, o "hormônio da saciedade". A leptina é secretada, principalmente, pelo tecido adiposo e reflete a quantidade de gordura depositada no tecido adiposo de um indivíduo. Entretanto, diversos fatores influenciam sua expressão e síntese, tais como jejum, atividade simpática, exercício físico e alterações no balanço energético. Os efeitos da atividade física aeróbia sobre esse hormônio ainda não estão muito claros, visto que existem muitas contradições na literatura sobre sua possível ação na regulação da leptina. Estudos transversais sugerem que as concentrações plasmáticas de leptina não são alteradas após uma sessão de exercício aeróbio. Entretanto, se o esforço físico for extremo, como em uma ultramaratona, na qual há um balanço energético negativo, induzido pela atividade física extenuante, ocorre diminuição dessas concentrações. Além disso, exercícios de longa duração (> 60 min parecem estar associados à diminuição tardia das concentrações de leptina, aproximadamente 48h após a atividade, provavelmente em função de um possível desequilíbrio energético. Em relação aos estudos longitudinais, após o treinamento aeróbio, alguns autores não observam alterações na leptina plasmática, outros encontram alterações em função apenas das alterações da adiposidade e, por fim, alguns estudos observam diminuição da concentração plasmática e/ou expressão de leptina, independentemente de alterações da massa gorda. Tal fato sugere que haja outro, ou outros, fatores, além do conteúdo de gordura corporal, que modulam a diminuição das

  13. PanDA Beyond ATLAS: Workload Management for Data Intensive Science

    CERN Document Server

    Schovancova, J; The ATLAS collaboration; Klimentov, A; Maeno, T; Nilsson, P; Oleynik, D; Panitkin, S; Petrosyan, A; Vaniachine, A; Wenaus, T; Yu, D

    2013-01-01

    The PanDA Production ANd Distributed Analysis system has been developed by ATLAS to meet the experiment's requirements for a data-driven workload management system for production and distributed analysis processing capable of operating at LHC data processing scale. After 7 years of impressively successful PanDA operation in ATLAS there are also other experiments which can benefit from PanDA in the Big Data challenge, with several at various stages of evaluation and adoption. The new project "Next Generation Workload Management and Analysis System for Big Data" is extending PanDA to meet the needs of other data intensive scientific applications in HEP, astro-particle and astrophysics communities, bio-informatics and other fields as a general solution to large scale workload management. PanDA can utilize dedicated or opportunistic computing resources such as grids, clouds, and High Performance Computing facilities, and is being extended to leverage next generation intelligent networks in automated workflow mana...

  14. PLA/Bio-PE blends: effect of the Bio-PE content on the crystallinity rheological properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Araujo, Aylanna P.M. de; Agrawal, Pankaj; Cavalcanti, Shirley N.; Alves, Amanda M.; Melo, Tomas J.A. de; Brito, Gustavo F.

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the Bio-PE content on the crystallinity and rheological properties of PLA/Bio-PE blend. The blends containing 05 and 15% of Bio-PE were prepared by extrusion followed by injection molding and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and rheological properties at low and high shear rates. XRD results indicated that the PLA present low crystallinity and this behavior was not changed with the addition of Bio-PE, regardless of Bio-PE content. Rheological properties results indicated that at low shear rates the viscosity of the PLA/Bio-PE increased with the increase in the Bio-PE content while at high shear rates the viscosities where almost similar, which may be ascribed to the orientation of Bio-PE particles in the flow direction or by the viscous dissipation. (author)

  15. Bio-fuels barometer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2010-01-01

    European Union bio-fuel use for transport reached 12 million tonnes of oil equivalent (mtoe) threshold during 2009. The slowdown in the growth of European consumption deepened again. Bio-fuel used in transport only grew by 18.7% between 2008 and 2009, as against 30.3% between 2007 and 2008 and 41.8% between 2006 and 2007. The bio-fuel incorporation rate in all fuels used by transport in the E.U. is unlikely to pass 4% in 2009. We can note that: -) the proportion of bio-fuel in the German fuels market has plummeted since 2007: from 7.3% in 2007 to 5.5% in 2009; -) France stays on course with an incorporation rate of 6.25% in 2009; -) In Spain the incorporation rate reached 3.4% in 2009 while it was 1.9% in 2008. The European bio-diesel industry has had another tough year. European production only rose by 16.6% in 2009 or by about 9 million tonnes which is well below the previous year-on-year growth rate recorded (35.7%). France is leading the production of bio-ethanol fuels in Europe with an output of 1250 million liters in 2009 while the total European production reached 3700 million litters and the world production 74000 million liters. (A.C.)

  16. Transplants: bioethics and justice Transplantes: bioética e justiça

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudio Cohen

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Bioethics, as a branch of philosophy that focuses on questions relative to health and human life, is closely tied to the idea of justice and equality. As such, in understanding the concept of equality in its original sense, that is, in associating it to the idea to treat "unequals" (those who are unequal or different, in terms of conditions or circumstances unequally (differentially, in proportion to their inequalities (differences, we see that the so-called "one-and-only waiting list" for transplants established in law no. 9.434/97, ends up not addressing the concept of equality and justice, bearing upon bioethics, even when considering the objective criteria of precedence established in regulation no. 9.4347/98, Thus, the organizing of transplants on a one-and-only waiting list, with a few exceptions that are weakly applicable, without a case by case technical and grounded analysis, according to each particular necessity, ends up institutionalizing inequalities, condemning patients to happenstance and, consequently, departs from the ratio legis, which aims at seeking the greatest application of justice in regards to organ transplants. We conclude, therefore, that from an analysis of the legislation and of the principles of bioethics and justice, there is a need for the creation of a collegiate of medical experts, that, based on medical criteria and done in a well established manner, can analyze each case to be included on the waiting list, deferentially and according to the necessity; thus, precluding that people in special circumstances be treated equal to people in normal circumstances.A bioética, como ramo da filosofia que enfoca as questões relativas a saúde e a vida humana, está intimamente ligada à idéia de justiça e igualdade. Desta forma, entendendo o conceito de igualdade em sua acepção original, ou seja, associando-o à idéia de tratar desigualmente os desiguais na medida de suas desigualdades, observamos que a denominada

  17. Análise dos efeitos da cinesioterapia e da hidrocinesioterapia sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com fibromialgia: um ensaio clínico randomizado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celina Dani Hecker

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar e comparar os efeitos da hidrocinesioterapia e da cinesioterapia na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadoras de fibromialgia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, cego, para os avaliadores. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida, utilizou-se o questionário genérico SF-36 a fim de analisar os aspectos físicos e psicológicos em 24 pacientes do sexo feminino, portadoras de fibromialgia, com idade de 30 a 55 anos, alocadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: hidrocinesioterapia e cinesioterapia. Durante um período de 23 semanas, as pacientes foram submetidas a alongamentos e exercícios aeróbios de baixa intensidade com duração de uma hora cada sessão (em ambos os grupos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se melhora estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05 na maior parte dos aspectos abordados pelo SF-36 em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A hidrocinesioterapia promoveu um relaxamento muscular favorável para a melhora da qualidade de vida, porém, não foi o fator principal para amenizar os efeitos da patologia, uma vez que a cinesioterapia também proporcionou efeitos benéficos para a promoção do bem-estar dessas pacientes. Portanto, os alongamentos e os exercícios aeróbios de baixa intensidade empregados em ambos os protocolos são os prováveis responsáveis pelos efeitos benéficos observados nas duas modalidades terapêuticas analisadas.

  18. Caracterização genética de rizóbios nativos dos tabuleiros costeiros eficientes em culturas do guandu e caupi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernandes Marcelo Ferreira

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar geneticamente sete estirpes de rizóbios nativos dos tabuleiros costeiros de Sergipe com alta eficiência de fixação biológica do N2 em associação com guandu (Cajanus cajan e caupi (Vigna unguiculata. A amplificação do DNA pela técnica de PCR (polymerase chain reaction com o oligonucleotídeo específico BOX indicou um grau elevado de diversidade genética, uma vez que todas as estirpes apresentaram perfis únicos de DNA. A análise por BOX-PCR revelou, ainda, que essa metodologia é eficiente para diferenciar estirpes, mas não para a diferenciação de espécies de rizóbio. Pela técnica do RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism da região do DNA que codifica o gene 16S rRNA e da região intergênica entre os genes 16S e 23S rRNA, com cinco enzimas de restrição, bem como pelo seqüenciamento parcial da região do 16S rRNA, foi possível classificar as estirpes nos gêneros Bradyrhizobium e Rhizobium. Houve coerência entre as análises envolvendo a região do 16S rRNA, mas o agrupamento com uma das estirpes diferiu pela análise do espaço intergênico. Os resultados obtidos com a estirpe R11 indicam variabilidade genética elevada em relação às espécies de rizóbios descritas, inclusive diferindo em diversas bases da região do 16S rRNA, e podem indicar uma nova espécie.

  19. Reflexões bioéticas sobre a eutanásia a partir de caso paradigmático

    OpenAIRE

    Santos, Daniel Abreu; Almeida, Eduardo Robatto Plessim de; Silva, Felipe Freire da; Andrade, Layo Henrique Carvalho; Azevêdo, Leandro Anton de; Neves, Nedy Maria Branco Cerqueira

    2014-01-01

    Recentemente, na cidade de Curitiba/PR, ocorreu um fato que gerou grande repercussão nacional e suscitou questões acerca da "eutanásia", tema controverso e pouco debatido na população em geral, o que motivou a realização deste artigo. O objetivo do trabalho consiste em analisar aspectos envolvidos no processo de morrer: eutanásia e ortotanásia e sua relação com o princípio bioético da autonomia. Trata-se de revisão reflexiva de literatura tendo como base matéria publicada na imprensa, abordan...

  20. Temas éticos e bioéticos que inquietaram a Enfermagem: publicações da REBEn de 1970-2000 Cuestiones éticas y bioéticas que inquietan la enfermería: publicaciones de la REBEn de 1970 a el 2000 Ethical and bioethical issues disturbing nursing: REBEn's publications from 1970 to 2000

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Madalena de Andrade Santiago

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Estudou-se temas éticos e/ou bioéticos publicados na Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem - REBEn, que inquietaram a Enfermagem no período 1970 2000, objetivando identificar nos artigos publicados, temas relacionados à ética/bioética e discutir as perspectivas teóricas nas quais os autores fundamentam suas argumentações. O desenho do estudo é de tipo documental ou bibliográfico. Os resultados mostraram que nos últimos 30 anos houve aumento gradativo, no número de artigos que debatem questionamentos éticos. Os principais temas relacionados à Bioética foram: dilemas e conflitos éticos associados a assistência à saúde, Deontologia, formação ética do enfermeiro e ética em pesquisa. Após 1984 surge o primeiro estudo, versando sobre tema usual da bioética e o termo bioética aparece pela primeira vez em 1998.Fueran estudiados los temas éticos y/o bioéticos publicados en la Revista Brasileña de Enfermería (REBEn que inquietaran la enfermería en el período entre 1970 y 2000. Objectivando: Identificar en los artículos publicados en la REBEn, durante el período mencionado, los temas relacionados con la ética/bioética. Discutir las perspectivas teóricas en las cuales los autores basan sus discusiones. El estudio era cuantitativo y cualitativo, tipo documental o bibliográfico. Resultados: en los 30 años pasados tenía aumento gradual en el número de los artículos que debatían los cuestionamientos éticos. Después de 1984 aparezcó el primer estudio, con connotación bioética, en la cual el autor discurre sobre las intervenciones de la enfermería delante del paciente en muerte inminente, con el propósito de verificar las relaciones entre los valores personales y profesionales del enfermero. El término bioética fue utilizado por la primera vez por Valéria Lunardi en 1998.It was studied the ethical and/or bioethical issues published in the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (Brazilian Nursing Journal REBEn that

  1. Bio-oil and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Goldberg, Neil M.; Lima, Isabel M.; Laird, David A.; Hicks, Kevin B.

    2010-01-01

    Bio-oil and bio-char were produced from corn cobs and corn stover (stalks, leaves and husks) by fast pyrolysis using a pilot scale fluidized bed reactor. Yields of 60% (mass/mass) bio-oil (high heating values are ∼20 MJ kg -1 , and densities >1.0 Mg m -3 ) were realized from both corn cobs and from corn stover. The high energy density of bio-oil, ∼20-32 times on a per unit volume basis over the raw corn residues, offers potentially significant savings in transportation costs particularly for a distributed 'farm scale' bio-refinery system. Bio-char yield was 18.9% and 17.0% (mass/mass) from corn cobs and corn stover, respectively. Deploying the bio-char co-product, which contains most of the nutrient minerals from the corn residues, as well as a significant amount of carbon, to the land can enhance soil quality, sequester carbon, and alleviate environmental problems associated with removal of crop residues from fields.

  2. Bio-methane & Bio-hydrogen. Status and perspectives of biological methane and hydrogen production

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wijffels, R.H.; Janssen, M.G.J.

    2003-01-01

    Eerst wordt het kader geschetst voor de potentiële rol van bio-methaan en bio-waterstof in de energiehuishouding en de invloeden daarop van de ontwikkeling van eindgebruikstechnologie en infrastructuur, en het energiebeleid. Daarna wordt uitvoerig ingegaan op de technieken voor bio-methaan en

  3. BioAir: Bio-Inspired Airborne Infrastructure Reconfiguration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-01-01

    must also minimize resource usage due to limitations on the amount of processing , memory and power onboard a node. BioAIR assumes the availability of...subsequent maintenance of tentacles, each node will take one of the following roles: “ orphan ”, “free”, “tip”, “backbone” or “extra”. The BioAIR...algorithm dictates that when a node is disconnected from the tentacle or origin it is an orphan , and as such it will change its target to the nearest

  4. Desigualdades na distribuição da cárie dentária no Brasil: uma abordagem bioética Inequalities in the distribution of dental caries in Brazil: a bioethical approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone de Melo Costa

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo objetivou analisar a problemática da cárie dentária, enquanto uma questão de saúde pública de relevância epidemiológica, tendo como suporte analítico a visão da Bioética da Proteção. Trata-se de estudo de caso realizado a partir de análise documental dos inquéritos epidemiológicos em saúde bucal, de base nacional, 1986, 2003 e 2010. Os levantamentos apontam desigualdades entre grupos populacionais. Essa desigualdade foi analisada, com relação à redução da doença na população mais jovem, no acesso ao atendimento, e na perda dentária, pior desfecho para a cárie dentária. Os bons resultados apresentados, nos levantamentos, não atinge toda a população, apresentando desigualdades por renda familiar e região brasileira. Constatou-se a partir de 2003 intervenções do Estado em ações protetoras, como adoção de critérios de equidade na destinação dos recursos na saúde e inclusão de populações em vulneração, contribuindo para redução da cárie. No entanto, considera-se necessário avançar mais nos modelos assistenciais em saúde bucal usando a Epidemiologia como uma ferramenta estruturante, já que as diferenças regionais ainda permaneceram marcantes, em interface com uma bioética protetora e socialmente responsável.The scope of this paper was to analyze the problem of dental caries as a public health issue of epidemiological relevance. It is a case study based on documentary analysis of national epidemiological surveys on oral health in the years 1986, 2003 and 2010, with the Bioethics of Protection as an analytical support. The surveys revealed inequalities between population groups; and such inequalities were analyzed with respect to the reduction of the disease in the younger population, access to oral health care, and tooth loss, which is the worst outcome for tooth decay. The good results presented in the surveys have not reached the whole population; data have shown inequalities

  5. A biopolítica da população e a experimentação com seres humanos The bio-power of population and experiments with human beings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Caponi

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available A partir do conceito foucaultiano de biopolítica da população, das considerações de Giorgio Agamben (2002 sobre a vida nua e estado de exceção, assim como das teses de Hannah Arendt relativas à condição humana, analisamos dois estudos experimentais com seres humanos realizados em inícios e fins do século 20. Inicialmente nos referimos às experimentações realizadas na Índia entre 1894 e 1899 para determinar o papel do Anophelesna transmissão da malária. Por fim, analisamos um estudo de transmissão vertical de HIV recentemente realizado na África com mulheres grávidas portadoras do vírus.Taking as starting points the Foucault's concept of bio-power of population, the Giorgio Agamben's considerations about nude life and the Hannah Arendt's comprehension of human condition, we analyze experiments with human beings that were made in the beginning and in the end of twenty century. Initially, we discuss the experiments that were made in India, between 1894 and 1899, for determinate the Anopheles role in the transmission of malaria. Finally, we analyze the way by which recently, in Africa, were conducted researches over pregnant women infected by the HIV.

  6. ANÁLISE DA VIABILIDADE DE FILTRO ANAERÓBIO DE CHICANAS NO PÓS-TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTOS SANITÁRIOS

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Vanessa Farias da

    2005-01-01

    O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de filtro anaeróbio de chicanas (FAC) no pós-tratamento de efluente anaeróbio, usando garrafas PET como material de enchimento. O experimento foi realizado em três fases, delimitado pelos três tempos de detenção hidráulicas, 7, 9 e 10 dias, respectivamente. As análises dos efluentes do reator UASB e do FAC foram realizadas semanalmente, averiguando a remoção de matéria orgânica na forma de DBO5 e DQO, sólidos e suas...

  7. Production of bio-energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gurtler, J.L.; Femenias, A.; Blondy, J.

    2009-01-01

    After having indicated the various possible origins of biomass, this paper considers the issue of bio-energies, i.e., energies produced with biomass related to forest or agriculture production. Some indicators are defined (share of renewable energies, share of biomass in the energy production and consumption, number of production units). Stake holders are identified. Then, major and emerging trends are identified and discussed. The major trends are: development and diversification of renewable energies, development of bio-fuels with the support of incentive policies, prevalence of the wood-energy sector on the whole renewable energies, increase of surfaces dedicated to bio-fuels since the end of the 1990's, a French biogas sector which is late with respect to other countries. The emerging trends are: the important role of oil price in the development of bio-fuels, a necessary public support for the development of biogas, mobilization of research and development of competitiveness poles for bio-industries. Some prospective issues are also discussed in terms of uncertainties (soil availabilities, environmental performance of bio-fuels, available biomass resource, need of a technological advance, and evolution of energy needs on a medium term, tax and public policy). Three hypotheses of bio-energy evolutions are discussed

  8. Grafito isotrópico obtenido a partir de coque para aplicaciones en automoción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oñoro, J.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available The graphite is an allotropic form of the element carbon consisting of layers of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms in a planar condensed ring system. Coke particles used for conventional synthetic graphite products are long and narrow. These particles produce a preferred structural orientation in the product after the conventional uniaxial pressing or extrusion with high anisotropy. With a properly election of raw materials and process is possible reduce the anisotropy to obtain isotropic graphite. Repsol-YPF has produced a binderless polyaromatic mesophase from petroleum pitch, which has shown to be very appropriated as raw material for production of high strength isotropic graphite with high performance and low cost. This graphite have offered thermal, mechanical, chemical and wear properties higher than conventional graphite. The isotropic graphite obtained is suitable for making pistons, valves, turbojoints and other automotives components. The pistons design with this isotropic graphite has been developed for an automotive petrol engine. Piston prototypes were manufactured and tested in engines at full power and at full torque. This paper analysed the physical, mechanical and fracture properties of the isotropic graphite obtained.

    El grafito es una forma alotrópica del carbono, consistente en capas de átomos de carbono cristalizados en anillos hexagonales planos. Las partículas de coque utilizadas para sintetizar el grafito convencional son largas y estrechas, lo que da lugar a una estructura orientada de alta anisotropía tras un proceso de compactación o extrusión. Con una adecuada selección de materias primas y procesos de conformado es posible reducir dicha anisotropía, hasta eliminarla en la obtención del grafito isotrópico. La empresa Repsol-YPF, S.A., ha desarrollado un proceso para la fabricación de una mesofase poliaromática extraída por carbonización de residuos del refino del petróleo, a partir de la cual se

  9. Determining the bio-based content of bio-plastics used in Thailand by radiocarbon analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ploykrathok, T.; Chanyotha, S.

    2017-06-01

    Presently, there is an increased interest in the development of bio-plastic products from agricultural materials which are biodegradable in order to reduce the problem of waste disposal. Since the amount of modern carbon in bio-plastics can indicate how much the amount of agricultural materials are contained in the bio-plastic products, this research aims to determine the modern carbon in bio-plastic using the carbon dioxide absorption method. The radioactivity of carbon-14 contained in the sample is measured by liquid scintillation counter (Tri-carb 3110 TR, PerkinElmer). The percentages of bio-based content in the samples were determined by comparing the observed modern carbon content with the values contained in agricultural raw materials. The experimental results show that only poly(lactic acid) samples have the modern carbon content of 97.4%, which is close to the agricultural materials while other bio-plastics types are found to have less than 50% of the modern carbon content. In other words, most of these bio-plastic samples were mixed with other materials which are not agriculturally originated.

  10. Determining the bio-based content of bio-plastics used in Thailand by radiocarbon analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ploykrathok, T; Chanyotha, S

    2017-01-01

    Presently, there is an increased interest in the development of bio-plastic products from agricultural materials which are biodegradable in order to reduce the problem of waste disposal. Since the amount of modern carbon in bio-plastics can indicate how much the amount of agricultural materials are contained in the bio-plastic products, this research aims to determine the modern carbon in bio-plastic using the carbon dioxide absorption method. The radioactivity of carbon-14 contained in the sample is measured by liquid scintillation counter (Tri-carb 3110 TR, PerkinElmer). The percentages of bio-based content in the samples were determined by comparing the observed modern carbon content with the values contained in agricultural raw materials. The experimental results show that only poly(lactic acid) samples have the modern carbon content of 97.4%, which is close to the agricultural materials while other bio-plastics types are found to have less than 50% of the modern carbon content. In other words, most of these bio-plastic samples were mixed with other materials which are not agriculturally originated. (paper)

  11. Bio-oil and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Goldberg, Neil M.; Hicks, Kevin B. [Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 (United States); Lima, Isabel M. [Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124 (United States); Laird, David A. [National Soil Tilth Laboratory, U.S. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2110 University Blvd., Ames, IA 50011 (United States)

    2010-01-15

    Bio-oil and bio-char were produced from corn cobs and corn stover (stalks, leaves and husks) by fast pyrolysis using a pilot scale fluidized bed reactor. Yields of 60% (mass/mass) bio-oil (high heating values are {proportional_to}20 MJ kg{sup -1}, and densities >1.0 Mg m{sup -3}) were realized from both corn cobs and from corn stover. The high energy density of bio-oil, {proportional_to}20-32 times on a per unit volume basis over the raw corn residues, offers potentially significant savings in transportation costs particularly for a distributed ''farm scale'' bio-refinery system. Bio-char yield was 18.9% and 17.0% (mass/mass) from corn cobs and corn stover, respectively. Deploying the bio-char co-product, which contains most of the nutrient minerals from the corn residues, as well as a significant amount of carbon, to the land can enhance soil quality, sequester carbon, and alleviate environmental problems associated with removal of crop residues from fields. (author)

  12. BioHack*Kolding

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wilde, Danielle

    Short Abstract BioHack*Kolding explores the potential of do-it-together biology to support community building in a town that lacks strong science representation, assisting participants to reflect on the bio-potential of their personal, social and political ecologies and to translate their ideas...... into action. Long Abstract Organisations that support lay people to practice bioscience alongside experts are proliferating. They enable interested people to join the global discussion on Bio Engineering by supporting them to gain the necessary knowledge and skills to do it themselves. Such organisations play...... an important role in facilitating informed debate around the biological sciences. Yet they cannot reach everyone. BioHack*Kolding asks how community-focused biology initiatives can reach people in smaller towns that lack science representation, so that they too can join the debate and ensure that its...

  13. Paradigm shift, metamorphosis of medical ethics, and the rise of bioethics Transição paradigmática, metamorfose da ética médica e emergência da bioética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luiz Telles de Almeida

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Both the increasing incorporation of medical technology and new social demands (including those for health care beginning in the 1960s have brought about significant changes in medical practice. This situation has in turn sparked a growth in the philosophical debate over problems pertaining to ethical practice. These issues no longer find answers in the Hippocratic ethical model. The authors believe that the crisis in Hippocratic ethics could be described as a period of paradigm shift in which a new set of values appears to be emerging. Beginning with the bioethics movement, the authors expound on the different ethical theories applied to medical practice and conclude that principlism is the most appropriate approach for solving the new moral dilemma imposed on clinical practice.A crescente incorporação de tecnologia médica e as novas demandas sociais, inclusive de saúde, que tiveram início nos anos 60, impuseram importantes transformações na prática médica. Tal situação tem estimulado crescente debate filosófico em torno de problemas de ética prática que não mais encontram respostas no âmbito do modelo ético hipocrático. Para os autores, a crise da ética hipocrática poderia ser caracterizada como um período de transição paradigmática em que se estaria formando um novo conjunto de valores. A partir do movimento da bioética, os autores apresentam as diferentes teorias éticas aplicadas à prática médica, concluindo que a abordagem principialista seria mais adequada à resolução dos novos dilemas morais postos à prática clínica.

  14. Exercício aeróbio e fortalecimento muscular melhoram o desempenho funcional na doença de Parkinson

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fátima Rodrigues-de-Paula

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP apresentam déficits motores na marcha, postura e equilíbrio e tendem a apresentar redução mais acentuada do nível de atividade física do que indivíduos assintomáticos da mesma idade. O declínio físico pode estar associado à perda de força muscular, da capacidade física e piora do desempenho funcional na DP. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de fortalecimento e condicionamento aeróbio no desempenho funcional e na capacidade física de indivíduos com DP. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dezessete indivíduos, com média de idade de 60,35 ± 9,94 anos e estágios I a III da Hoehn e Yahr, participaram de um programa de exercícios três vezes por semana durante 12 semanas. Avaliou-se a força muscular por meio do dinamômetro manual, o desempenho funcional por meio da Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS, avaliou-se também a velocidade da marcha e habilidade em usar escadas e a capacidade física por meio do perfil de atividade humana (PAH. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, testes t e ANOVA para medidas repetidas para a análise. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os dorsoflexores bilaterais foram o único grupo muscular a apresentar maior torque após a intervenção (F = 7,93; p = 0,008. Houve ganho nas medidas de desempenho funcional: velocidade da marcha (p = 0,028, velocidade para subir (p = 0,001 e descer (p = 0,002 escadas, no escore total da UPDRS (p = 0,007 e do PAH (p < 0,0001. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O uso combinado de condicionamento aeróbio e fortalecimento muscular resultou em melhoras no desempenho funcional e na capacidade física de indivíduos com DP leve a moderada.

  15. Composição e distribuição espacial e sazonal de anfíbios em unidade de conservação da Mata Atlântica, Alfredo Chaves, Espírito Santo

    OpenAIRE

    Dantas, Roberto de Barros

    2009-01-01

    Este estudo objetivou determinar a composição e distribuição espacial e sazonal de anfíbios anuros da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Oiutrem, fragmento de Mata Atlântica, região de montanha, Alfredo Chaves, Espírito Santo, Brasil, bem como testar a correlação das variáveis climáticas sobre a atividade de vocalização dessas espécies. As amostragens ocorreram de janeiro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009, empregando-se os métodos de busca ativa e armadilhas de interceptação e queda (pitfalls...

  16. The problem of bio-concepts: biopolitics, bio-economy and the political economy of nothing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Birch, Kean

    2017-12-01

    Scholars in science and technology studies—and no doubt other fields—have increasingly drawn on Michel Foucault's concept of biopolitics to theorize a variety of new `bio-concepts'. While there might be some theoretical value in such exercises, many of these bio-concepts have simply replaced more rigorous—and therefore time-consuming—analytical work. This article provides a (sympathetic) critique of these various bio-concepts, especially as they are applied to the emerging `bio-economy'. In so doing, the article seeks to show that the analysis of the bio-economy could be better framed as a political economy of nothing. This has several implications for science education, which are raised in the article.

  17. Method to upgrade bio-oils to fuel and bio-crude

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steele, Philip H; Pittman, Jr., Charles U; Ingram, Jr., Leonard L; Gajjela, Sanjeev; Zhang, Zhijun; Bhattacharya, Priyanka

    2013-12-10

    This invention relates to a method and device to produce esterified, olefinated/esterified, or thermochemolytic reacted bio-oils as fuels. The olefinated/esterified product may be utilized as a biocrude for input to a refinery, either alone or in combination with petroleum crude oils. The bio-oil esterification reaction is catalyzed by addition of alcohol and acid catalyst. The olefination/esterification reaction is catalyzed by addition of resin acid or other heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze olefins added to previously etherified bio-oil; the olefins and alcohol may also be simultaneously combined and catalyzed by addition of resin acid or other heterogeneous catalyst to produce the olefinated/esterified product.

  18. Aproveitamento de subproduto industrial de óleos vegetais para produção de riboflavina por Candida guilliermondii DM 644 Utilization industrial waste from vegetal oils riboflavine production by candida guilliermondii DM 644

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Lourdes Andrade Pessoa

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available A produção e consumo de alimentos industrializados têm aumentado a preocupação com suplementação e enriquecimento de alimentos com vitaminas e sais minerais, visando repor as possíveis perdas durante os processos de fabricação, principalmente das vitaminas hidrossolúveis, mais especificamente da vitamina B2 ou riboflavina. Assim sendo, a proposta deste trabalho foi utilizar como componente principal do meio, para produção da riboflavina, um subproduto do refino de óleos vegetais e o microrganismo Candida guillermondii DM 644. A produção da vitamina B2 foi realizada por fermentação em batelada utilizando Erlenmeyer. As condições empregadas foram agitação orbital, ausência de luz, 30°C, e 24h de incubação. A otimização da produção de riboflavina foi realizada através de Delineamento Fatorial Fracionário, para avaliar os efeitos da concentração de matéria graxa, fonte de nitrogênio, pH, velocidade de agitação, fonte de fósforo e extrato de levedura e as possíveis interações. A concentração máxima de riboflavina foi 19,12mg/mL. Os fatores mais importantes para produção de riboflavina foram a concentração de matéria graxa e a fonte de nitrogênio, enquanto que a fonte de fósforo e o extrato de leveduras não estimularam sua biossíntese. A máxima produção foi obtida com matéria graxa a 10g/L, uréia a 2,5g/L e pH 5,0. A velocidade de agitação (200 e 400rpm não interferiu no processo biotecnológico.The ever growing production and consumption of industrialized foods have increased the concern about supplementation and enrichment of food with vitamins and minerals, attempting the replenishment of the possible losses during their production processes, mainly the hydrosoluble vitamins, more specifically B2 vitamin or riboflavin. A subproduct of vegetal oil refining and the microorganism Candida guilliermondii DM 644 were used as the main substrate. The vitamin B2 was produced by the batch

  19. Bio diesel production from algae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khola, G.; Ghazala, B.

    2011-01-01

    Algae appear to be an emerging source of biomass for bio diesel that has the potential to completely displace fossil fuel. Two thirds of earth's surface is covered with water, thus alga e would truly be renewable option of great potential for global energy needs. This study discusses specific and comparative bio diesel quantitative potential of Cladophora sp., also highlighting its biomass (after oil extraction), pH and sediments (glycerine, water and pigments) quantitative properties. Comparison of Cladophora sp., with Oedogonium sp., and Spirogyra sp., (Hossain et al., 2008) shows that Cladophora sp., produce higher quantity of bio diesel than Spirogyra sp., whereas biomass and sediments were higher than the both algal specimens in comparison to the results obtained by earlier workers. No prominent difference in pH of bio diesel was found. In Pakistan this is a first step towards bio diesel production from algae. Results indicate that Cladophora sp., provide a reasonable quantity of bio diesel, its greater biomass after oil extraction and sediments make it a better option for bio diesel production than the comparing species. (author)

  20. Bio-optofluidics and Bio-photonics: Programmable Phase Optics activities at DTU Fotonik

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bañas, Andrew Rafael; Palima, Darwin; Pedersen, Finn

    We present ongoing research and development activities for constructing a compact next generation BioPhotonics Workstation and a Bio-optofluidic Cell Sorter (cell-BOCS) for all-optical micromanipulation platforms utilizing low numerical aperture beam geometries. Unlike conventional high NA optical...... tweezers, the BioPhotonics workstation is e.g. capable of long range 3D manipulation. This enables a variety of biological studies such as manipulation of intricate microfabricated assemblies or for automated and parallel optofluidic cell sorting. To further reduce its overhead, we propose ways of making...... the BioPhotonics Workstation platform more photon efficient by studying the 3D distribution of the counter propagating beams and utilizing the Generalized Phase Contrast (GPC) method for illuminating the applied spatial light modulators....

  1. Bio-energy status document 2012; Statusdocument bio-energie 2012

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bles, M.; Schepers, B.L.; Van Grinsven, A.H.; Bergsma, G.C.; Croezen, H.C.

    2013-05-15

    In 2012 bio-energy contributed over 71 PJ to the Dutch energy supply, a rise of almost 2 PJ over 2011. This means that 75% of the renewable energy consumed in the Netherlands is now derived from biomass. The growth is due mainly to the increase in the mandatory biotransport fuel percentage from 4.25% to 4.5%. The use of energy from 'other biomass combustion' (incl. paper sludge, green waste and chicken excrement) recovered to the level of 2010, following a marked drop in 2011 due to plant maintenance, termination of the MEP ('Environmental Quality of Power Generation') subsidy scheme and high biomass prices. At large power stations there was a considerable decrease in co-incineration of biomass because of incidents (a fire at the Nijmegen coal-fired plant) and a maintenance backlog (at the Amer power station). These are some of the results reported in the 'Bio-energy status document 2012', prepared by CE Delft for NL Agency. In addition to a review and characterisation of the current situation, the report contains an update on government policies on bio-energy and a review of the sources and sustainability of the biomass used in the Netherlands [Dutch] De bijdrage van bio-energie aan de Nederlandse energievoorziening bedroeg in 2012 ruim 71 PJ, een stijging van bijna 2 PJ ten opzichte van 2011. Daarmee is 75% van het verbruik van hernieuwbare energie in Nederland afkomstig van bio-energie. De stijging wordt vooral veroorzaakt door de oplopende bijmengplicht van biotransportbrandstoffen van 4,25% naar 4,5%. Verbruik van energie uit 'overige biomassaverbranding' (o.a. papierslib, groenafval en kippenmest) herstelde zicht tot het niveau van 2010, na een forse daling in 2011 door onderhoud aan installaties, afloop van MEP-subsidies en hoge prijzen van biomassa. Het bij- en meestoken van biomassa in grote elektriciteitscentrales daalde juist aanzienlijk door calamiteiten en uitloop van onderhoud (brand kolencentrale bij Nijmegen

  2. Prediction of the thermal expansion coefficients of bio diesels from several sources through the application of linear regression; Predicao dos coeficientes de expansao termica de biodieseis de diversas origens atraves da aplicacao da regressa linear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Canciam, Cesar Augusto [Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana (UTFPR), Campus Ponta Grossa, PR (Brazil)], e-mail: canciam@utfpr.edu.br

    2012-07-01

    When evaluating the consumption of bio fuels, the knowledge of the density is of great importance for rectify the effect of temperature. The thermal expansion coefficient is a thermodynamic property that provides a measure of the density variation in response to temperature variation, keeping the pressure constant. This study aimed to predict the thermal expansion coefficients of ethyl bio diesels from castor beans, soybeans, sunflower seeds and Mabea fistulifera Mart. oils and of methyl bio diesels from soybeans, sunflower seeds, souari nut, cotton, coconut, castor beans and palm oils, from beef tallow, chicken fat and hydrogenated vegetable fat residual. For this purpose, there was a linear regression analysis of the density of each bio diesel a function of temperature. These data were obtained from other works. The thermal expansion coefficients for bio diesels are between 6.3729x{sup 10-4} and 1.0410x10{sup -3} degree C-1. In all the cases, the correlation coefficients were over 0.99. (author)

  3. HIV-1 anti-retroviral drug effect on the C. albicans hyphal growth rate by a Bio-Cell Tracer system Efeito da droga anti-retroviral HIV-1 no crescimento de hifas de C. albicans monitoradas pelo sistema "Bio-Cell Tracer"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadja Rodrigues de Melo

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Declining incidence of oropharyngeal candidosis and opportunistic infections over recent years can be attributed to the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART. Infection with C. albicans generally involves adherence and colonization of superficial tissues. During this process, budding yeasts are able to transform to hyphae and penetrate into the deep tissue. Using the biocell tracer system, C. albicans hyphal growth was dynamically observed at the cellular level. Ritonavir was effective in the inhibition of hyphal growth with growth rate of 0.8 mum/min. This study showed the in vitro effect of HIV anti-retroviral drug on the growth rate of the C. albicans hyphae.O declínio na incidência de candidose orofaríngea e infecções oportunistas associadas a infecção pelo HIV tem sido atribuído a introdução da terapia antiretroviral combinada (HAART. Infecção por C. albicans envolve aderência e colonização da mucosa superficial. Durante este processo leveduras são capazes de transformar-se na forma de hifas e penetrar nos tecidos mais profundos. Usando o sistema "Bio-Cell Tracer", o crescimento de hifas de C. albicans foi observado dinamicamente a nível celular. Ritonavir, inibidor de protease do HIV, foi efetivo na inibição do crescimento de hifas com media de 0.8 mim/min.O presente estudo demonstrou o efeito in vitro de um agente anti-retroviral HIV sobre o crescimento de hifas de C. albicans.

  4. Utilization of oil palm tree residues to produce bio-oil and bio-char via pyrolysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abnisa, Faisal; Arami-Niya, Arash; Wan Daud, W.M.A.; Sahu, J.N.; Noor, I.M.

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • About 14.72% of the total landmass in Malaysia was used for oil palm plantations. • Oil palm tree residues were pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil and bio-char. • The process was performed at a temperature of 500 °C and reaction time of 60 min. • Characterization of the products was performed. - Abstract: Oil palm tree residues are a rich biomass resource in Malaysia, and it is therefore very important that they be utilized for more beneficial purposes, particularly in the context of the development of biofuels. This paper described the possibility of utilizing oil palm tree residues as biofuels by producing bio-oil and bio-char via pyrolysis. The process was performed in a fixed-bed reactor at a temperature of 500 °C, a nitrogen flow rate of 2 L/min and a reaction time of 60 min. The physical and chemical properties of the products, which are important for biofuel testing, were then characterized. The results showed that the yields of the bio-oil and bio-char obtained from different residues varied within the ranges of 16.58–43.50 wt% and 28.63–36.75 wt%, respectively. The variations in the yields resulted from differences in the relative amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, volatiles, fixed carbon, and ash in the samples. The energy density of the bio-char was found to be higher than that of the bio-oil. The highest energy density of the bio-char was obtained from a palm leaf sample (23.32 MJ/kg), while that of the bio-oil was obtained from a frond sample (15.41 MJ/kg)

  5. Consumo de oxigênio pós-exercícios de força e aeróbio: efeito da ordem de execução Strength and aerobic post-exercises oxygen consumption: effect of the order of performance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Santos de Lira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O treinamento concorrente é uma estratégia que vem sendo utilizada na intenção de maximizar o gasto energético tanto durante quanto após o exercício por meio do EPOC (excesso do consumo de oxigênio pós-exercício. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a influência da ordem de execução sobre o EPOC. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência do tipo (aeróbio, força e concorrente e da ordem (aeróbio + força ou força + aeróbio do exercício sobre o EPOC. A amostra foi constituída por oito homens (idade: 24 ± 2 anos; massa corporal: 75,4 ± 3,7kg; e estatura: 179 ± 3,0cm, voluntários, com experiência em treinamento de força e aeróbio. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a um teste para a determinação do VO2pico (57,0 ± 2,9ml/kg/min e teste de 1-RM para os exercícios de supino reto (68 ± 2kg, puxador costas (64 ± 3kg, cadeira extensora (51 ± 3kg e mesa flexora (38 ± 3kg. O treino aeróbio foi realizado durante 30 minutos a 90% da velocidade correspondente ao limiar anaeróbio (10,3 ± 2,2km. O treino de força foi realizado a 70% de 1RM, dividido em três séries de 12 movimentos. O consumo de oxigênio (VO2 foi medido em repouso (R e após as seguintes sessões: aeróbio (A, força (F, aeróbio-força (A + F e força-aeróbio (F + A, utilizando calorimetria indireta durante 30 minutos, os quais foram divididos em três intervalos de tempo: T1 (0 a 10 minutos, T2 (11 a 20 minutos e T3 (21 a 30 minutos. A comparação do VO2 entre as diferentes situações (R, A, F, A + F e F + A para cada um dos períodos de tempo (0-10, 11-20; 21-30 min foi realizada a partir de uma ANOVA a um fator com medidas repetidas, seguida por teste de Tukey. Em T1, o VO2 das diferentes sessões foi maior que o de R. Durante T2, o VO2 das situações F, A + F e F + A foi superior ao de R. Em T3, somente A + F resultou em EPOC. Os resultados indicam que a ordem de execução influenciou o tempo de EPOC. Contudo, o gasto calórico decorrente

  6. Demulsification of residual waters from refining industries of lubricant oil: case study; Desemulsificacao de aguas residuarias de industrias de refino de oleo lubrificante: estudo de caso

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sawamura, Marcia Yumi; Morita, Dione Mari [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica. Dept. de Engenharia Hidraulica e Sanitaria]. E-mail: dmmorita@usp.br

    1997-07-01

    The present work aims to evaluate the coagulation, flocculation with iron chloride (FeCl{sub 3}.6H{sub 2}O), followed by phase separation, as alternative for treating residual waters from lubricant oil refining industries. Tests have been performed by using {sup j}ar test{sup ,} changing pH value and coagulants for various wastewater characteristics.

  7. Control loop performance evaluation and diagnostic in the oil refining process; Avaliacao de desempenho e diagnostico das malhas de controle no processo de refino de petroleo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, Regina Lucia de A.; Pavanelli, Paula E. [Chemtech, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Miranda, Filipe Costa Pinto dos R. [PETROBRAS S.A., Maua, SP (Brazil). Refinaria de Capuava (RECAP)

    2008-07-01

    Management Assets has been a theme treated with growing priority and importance by Processes Industry. Control loops are important assets to guarantee the security and operational stability of processes when they present a good performance. Usually there are a large number of control loops in processes units and their initial investment and maintenance costs are expensive. Human evaluation of control loops, in a non-systematic way, does not identify all the problems that can degrade regulatory control performance, and this the main reason to use systematic monitoring and evaluation techniques and software tools necessary to keep loops efficient. This work describes the continuous activity of monitoring and evaluation of the control systems of a petroleum refinery. Depending on some performance indexes, the loops are prioritized and some actions are taken (valve maintenance or tuning adjustment) to improve control loop performance and to avoid the reduction of product quality, raw material and utilities waste and even unit shutdown. (author)

  8. Understanding bio-economics

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Patel, M.K.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/18988097X

    2008-01-01

    New plants for production of bio-based fuels, chemicals or plastics are being set up at an accelerating pace. However, this transition towards bio-based fuels, feedstocks and chemicals has not come without consequences. Increased demand has pushed up prices of key agricultural products such as maize

  9. Bio-inspired networking

    CERN Document Server

    Câmara, Daniel

    2015-01-01

    Bio-inspired techniques are based on principles, or models, of biological systems. In general, natural systems present remarkable capabilities of resilience and adaptability. In this book, we explore how bio-inspired methods can solve different problems linked to computer networks. Future networks are expected to be autonomous, scalable and adaptive. During millions of years of evolution, nature has developed a number of different systems that present these and other characteristics required for the next generation networks. Indeed, a series of bio-inspired methods have been successfully used to solve the most diverse problems linked to computer networks. This book presents some of these techniques from a theoretical and practical point of view. Discusses the key concepts of bio-inspired networking to aid you in finding efficient networking solutions Delivers examples of techniques both in theoretical concepts and practical applications Helps you apply nature's dynamic resource and task management to your co...

  10. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA CUTÂNEA DE Aplastodiscus leucopygius DO PARQUE MUNICIPAL NATURAL AUGUSTO RUSCHI

    OpenAIRE

    Laryssa Nolasco; Mariana Maykot Serafim; Claudineia Aparecida da Silva Araujo; Jonatas Alves Ferreira Neto; Matheus de Toledo Moroti; Cristina Pacheco Soares; Flavia Villaça Morais

    2017-01-01

    A Aplastodiscus leucopygius é um anfíbio da ordem Anura pertencente à família Hylidae, espécie endêmica do Brasil, encontrada em áreas de Mata Atlântica do planalto e serras do Mar e da Mantiqueira, nos Estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar e caracterizar a microbiota de A. leucopygius encontrados no Parque Municipal Natural Augusto Ruschi, Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral da cidade de São José do Campos no estado de São Paulo. Para is...

  11. Estudo anatômico do músculo levantador do lábio superior An anatomical study of the levator labii superioris muscle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.M. Ferreira

    1997-09-01

    Full Text Available Os autores descrevem as características anatômicas do músculo levantador do lábio superior por meio de dissecações em cadáveres. OBJETIVO. Contribuir ao estudo dos músculos da mímica, estudando os seus detalhes anatômicos e suas relações, ajudando na realização de retalhos da face. MÉTODOS. Foram dissecadas 20 peças de cadáveres, verificando-se suas inserções, comprimento, largura, espessura, relações, inervação e irrigação. RESULTADOS. Em todos os casos, o músculo levantador do lábio superior apresentou inserção proximal na margem inferior da órbita e inserção distal de dois tipos: por meio de fibras laterais sobrepondo-se superficialmente ao músculo orbicular do lábio e de fibras profundas interdigitando-se, formando parte do embricamento do canto da boca (70%; e mediante fibras sobrepondo-se superficialmente ao músculo orbicular do lábio (30%. A média do comprimento foi de 24,66mm e a média da espessura, de 3,57mm. A largura em nível da inserção distal foi, em média, de 11,2mm, enquanto que em nível da inserção proximal foi, em média, de 15,96mm. Relaciona-se anteriormente ao músculo levantador do ângulo da boca, posteriormente à porção distal do músculo zigomático menor (90% e posteriormente à porção média do músculo zigomático menor (10%. A inervação é feita pelo ramo inferior do nervo zigomático (n. facial e nervo infra-orbital (n. trigêmeo. Ramos da artéria angular irrigam a porção inferior do músculo e a artéria infra-orbital nutre a porção superior deste músculo.The authors describe the anatomical characteristics of the levator labii superioris muscle by dissection in cadavers. PURPOSE. We describe the characteristics of these muscle, the details and relations, hopefully contributing to the study of muscle of the face. METHODS. Twenty faces of cadavers were dissected. The following features were studied: origin, insertion, length, width, thickness, relations

  12. Bioética, teologia e saúde mental: diretrizes de cuidado e prevenção do suicídio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vera Lúcia Wünsch

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo visa uma reflexão sobre a dimensão do comportamento suicida, abordando os aspectos bioéticos e teológicos de preservação das dimensões da pessoa humana concatenados com as ações da rede de atenção em saúde mental em pacientes com risco suicida. Busca associá-los à prática humanizada e à integridade ética do ser humano para reconduzi-lo a condições de dignidade, autonomia e de inclusão e promoção da vida humana. É imperativa e necessária maior abrangência na disseminação de informações como meio de desmitificar e prevenir o suicídio e, promovendo o valor e a inviolabilidade da vida humana.

  13. Pyrolysis of waste animal fats in a fixed-bed reactor: Production and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ben Hassen-Trabelsi, A., E-mail: aidabenhassen@yahoo.fr [Centre de Recherche et de Technologies de l’Energie (CRTEn), Technopôle Borj-Cédria, B.P 95, 2050, Hammam Lif (Tunisia); Kraiem, T. [Centre de Recherche et de Technologies de l’Energie (CRTEn), Technopôle Borj-Cédria, B.P 95, 2050, Hammam Lif (Tunisia); Département de Géologie, Université de Tunis, 2092, Tunis (Tunisia); Naoui, S. [Centre de Recherche et de Technologies de l’Energie (CRTEn), Technopôle Borj-Cédria, B.P 95, 2050, Hammam Lif (Tunisia); Belayouni, H. [Département de Géologie, Université de Tunis, 2092, Tunis (Tunisia)

    2014-01-15

    Highlights: • Produced bio-fuels (bio-oil and bio-char) from some animal fatty wastes. • Investigated the effects of main parameters on pyrolysis products distribution. • Determined the suitable conditions for the production of the maximum of bio-oil. • Characterized bio-oils and bio-chars obtained from several animal fatty wastes. - Abstract: Several animal (lamb, poultry and swine) fatty wastes were pyrolyzed under nitrogen, in a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor and the main products (liquid bio-oil, solid bio-char and syngas) were obtained. The purpose of this study is to produce and characterize bio-oil and bio-char obtained from pyrolysis of animal fatty wastes. The maximum production of bio-oil was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C and a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The chemical (GC–MS analyses) and spectroscopic analyses (FTIR analyses) of bio-oil showed that it is a complex mixture consisting of different classes of organic compounds, i.e., hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, cyclic compounds…etc.), carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters,…etc. According to fuel properties, produced bio-oils showed good properties, suitable for its use as an engine fuel or as a potential source for synthetic fuels and chemical feedstock. Obtained bio-chars had low carbon content and high ash content which make them unattractive for as renewable source energy.

  14. Pyrolysis of waste animal fats in a fixed-bed reactor: Production and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ben Hassen-Trabelsi, A.; Kraiem, T.; Naoui, S.; Belayouni, H.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Produced bio-fuels (bio-oil and bio-char) from some animal fatty wastes. • Investigated the effects of main parameters on pyrolysis products distribution. • Determined the suitable conditions for the production of the maximum of bio-oil. • Characterized bio-oils and bio-chars obtained from several animal fatty wastes. - Abstract: Several animal (lamb, poultry and swine) fatty wastes were pyrolyzed under nitrogen, in a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor and the main products (liquid bio-oil, solid bio-char and syngas) were obtained. The purpose of this study is to produce and characterize bio-oil and bio-char obtained from pyrolysis of animal fatty wastes. The maximum production of bio-oil was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C and a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The chemical (GC–MS analyses) and spectroscopic analyses (FTIR analyses) of bio-oil showed that it is a complex mixture consisting of different classes of organic compounds, i.e., hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, cyclic compounds…etc.), carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters,…etc. According to fuel properties, produced bio-oils showed good properties, suitable for its use as an engine fuel or as a potential source for synthetic fuels and chemical feedstock. Obtained bio-chars had low carbon content and high ash content which make them unattractive for as renewable source energy

  15. Análise da situação da produção de etanol e biodiesel no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerd Kohlhepp

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Um dos objetivos da política energética é a redução das emissões de CO2. Os biocombustíveis são uma das alternativas para o setor de transportes. O Brasil é o líder na produção de etanol extraído da cana-de-açúcar. Os preconceitos existentes nos Estados Unidos e na Europa com relação à importação do etanol brasileiro não têm fundamento, pois esse produto apresenta o melhor balanço ecológico e não diminui a produção de gêneros alimentícios. Na produção de biodiesel à base de soja, os preconceitos são, em parte, justificados. Quanto ao etanol, os países industrializados não deveriam usar critérios exagerados à sustentabilidade da produção como pretexto para proteger seus próprios produtores contra a importação de produtos brasileiros com preço mais competidor.One of the aims of energy policies is reducing CO2 emissions. In transports bio-fuels are one of the alternatives. Brazil is the world leader in producing ethanol from sugar cane. Prejudice against imports of Brazilian ethanol in US and EU markets is unjustified, as it represents the best ecological balance and does not reduce production of basic food in Brazil. As to biodiesel on the basis of soybeans social and ecological reserves partly are in order. Regarding ethanol industrialized countries should not use exaggerated criteria as to sustainability of production as pretext for protecting their own producers from imports of cheaper Brazilian bio-fuels.

  16. THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF FAST PYROLYSIS PLANT FOR BIO-OIL PRODUCTION AT THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING OF UNICAMP / HISTÓRICO DA PESQUISA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIRÓLISE RÁPIDA PARA PRODUÇAO DE BIO-ÓLEO DA FACULDADE DE E

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LUIS A. B. CORTEZ

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available This article is dedicated to describe the fast pyrolysis plant of biomass PPR-200 settled at UNICAMP School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI. This fast pyrolysis plant, the first in Brazil to produce oil with fluidized bed reactor , began operating in 1998 with studies in a reactor for gasification, adapted to obtain bio-oil. Currently, PPR-200 operates with a 200 kg h-1 biomass capacity, and is used to conduct exploratory testing with various vegetable raw materials, such as sugar cane trash and bagasse, elephant grass, sawdust from wood, rice straw, coffee straw, orange bagasse, etc.. Around 15% of biomass is burnt to provide heat to the process. The remainder turns into the following products: bio-oil (20-40%, fine charcoal (20-30%, extract acid (10-15% and pyrolysis gas (15-35%. The pyrolysis gas is composed mainly by CH4, the H2, CO and CO2.Keywords: Biomass, bioenergy, reactor, fluidized bed.

  17. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio-Oss or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft in animals

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, T; Schou, S; Stavropoulos, Andreas

    2012-01-01

    The objective of the present systematic review was to test the hypothesis of no differences between the use of Bio-Oss or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft for maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) applying the lateral window technique, as evaluated in animals. A MEDLINE (Pub...... of the graft improved significantly with increased proportion of Bio-Oss. Bone regeneration, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), biomechanical implant test values, and biodegradation of Bio-Oss after MSFA with Bio-Oss or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone have never been compared within the same study in animals....... Thus, the hypothesis of no differences between the use of Bio-Oss and Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft for MSFA could neither be confirmed nor rejected based on existing animal studies....

  18. Navigating the Bio-Politics of Childhood

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Nick; Motzkau, Johanna

    2011-01-01

    Childhood research has long shared a bio-political terrain with state agencies in which children figure primarily as "human futures". In the 20th century bio-social dualism helped to make that terrain navigable by researchers, but, as life processes increasingly become key sites of bio-political action, bio-social dualism is becoming…

  19. A comunicação científica e a bioética brasileira: uma análise dos periódicos científicos brasileiros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kátia Soares Braga

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Esta é uma pesquisa social de caráter exploratório que visa analisar o papel dos periódicos científicos na delimitação e no desenvolvimento da bioética no Brasil. O estudo foi realizado com técnicas mistas de coleta de dados, como survey, questionário e entrevista aberta, entre os meses de agosto de 2007 e agosto de 2008. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Ciências Humanas da Universidade de Brasília. Participaram da pesquisa 2 periódicos científicos brasileiros em bioética, 1 em medicina e 6 em saúde pública, além de 150 autores, 13 editores e 6 avaliadores. Os dados foram submetidos a análise documental, análise estatística, análise de conteúdo e a elementos da teoria fundamentada. A discussão teórica e a interpretação dos dados apoiaram-se em literatura especializada das áreas de comunicação científica e sociologia da ciência, principalmente nos estudos sobre periódicos científicos, edição científica e avaliação pelos pares (peer review, além das noções de campo científico e das disputas políticas entre a comunidade científica em Pierre Bourdieu. Os resultados apontaram que: 1 nas fases de institucionalização e academicização da bioética, foram criados os primeiros periódicos especializados que contribuíram para dar visibilidade ao campo; 2 a baixa qualidade dos periódicos especializados pode comprometer a fase atual de consolidação do campo; 3 a bioética é suscetível a influências de campos mais consolidados, como a medicina e a saúde pública, que, no entanto, são contrabalançadas pelas ciências sociais e humanidades; 4 para manter os altos níveis de qualidade dos periódicos sob sua responsabilidade, editores dependem também de bons artigos ofertados pelos autores; por isso, há equilíbrio de forças entre eles, em vez de uma concentração nas mãos dos editores devido a seu poder de decisão, como antes se pensava.

  20. Bio-energy. Innovators talking; Bio-energie. Innovators aan het woord

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2013-02-15

    Qualitative studies have been conducted of the results of completed projects focused on energy innovation, spread over the seven themes of the top sector Energy: Energy saving in industry, Energy conservation in the built environment, Gas, Bio-energy, Smart grids, Offshore Wind, Solar PV. This provides insight into the follow-up activities and lessons of some EOS (Energy Research Subsidy) completed projects with the aim to inspire, connect and strengthen the TKIs (Topconsortia for Knowledge and Innovation) and individual companies and researchers working on energy innovation. This report concerns the research on bio-energy [Dutch] Er is een kwalitatief onderzoek uitgevoerd naar de resultaten van afgeronde projecten gericht op energie-innovatie, verdeeld over de zeven thema's van de topsector Energie: Energiebesparing in de industrie; Energiebesparing in de gebouwde omgeving; Gas; Bio-energie; Smart grids; Wind op zee; Zon-pv. Daarmee wordt inzicht gegeven in de vervolgactiviteiten en lessen van een aantal afgesloten EOS-projecten (Energie Onderzoek Subsidie) met het oog op het inspireren, verbinden en versterken van de TKI's (Topconsortia voor Kennis en Innovatie) en individuele bedrijven en onderzoekers die werken aan energie-innovatie. Dit rapport betreft het onderzoek naar bio-energie.

  1. Bio-energy. Innovators talking; Bio-energie. Innovators aan het woord

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2013-02-15

    Qualitative studies have been conducted of the results of completed projects focused on energy innovation, spread over the seven themes of the top sector Energy: Energy saving in industry, Energy conservation in the built environment, Gas, Bio-energy, Smart grids, Offshore Wind, Solar PV. This provides insight into the follow-up activities and lessons of some EOS (Energy Research Subsidy) completed projects with the aim to inspire, connect and strengthen the TKIs (Topconsortia for Knowledge and Innovation) and individual companies and researchers working on energy innovation. This report concerns the research on bio-energy [Dutch] Er is een kwalitatief onderzoek uitgevoerd naar de resultaten van afgeronde projecten gericht op energie-innovatie, verdeeld over de zeven thema's van de topsector Energie: Energiebesparing in de industrie; Energiebesparing in de gebouwde omgeving; Gas; Bio-energie; Smart grids; Wind op zee; Zon-pv. Daarmee wordt inzicht gegeven in de vervolgactiviteiten en lessen van een aantal afgesloten EOS-projecten (Energie Onderzoek Subsidie) met het oog op het inspireren, verbinden en versterken van de TKI's (Topconsortia voor Kennis en Innovatie) en individuele bedrijven en onderzoekers die werken aan energie-innovatie. Dit rapport betreft het onderzoek naar bio-energie.

  2. The BioC-BioGRID corpus: full text articles annotated for curation of protein–protein and genetic interactions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Sun; Chatr-aryamontri, Andrew; Chang, Christie S.; Oughtred, Rose; Rust, Jennifer; Wilbur, W. John; Comeau, Donald C.; Dolinski, Kara; Tyers, Mike

    2017-01-01

    A great deal of information on the molecular genetics and biochemistry of model organisms has been reported in the scientific literature. However, this data is typically described in free text form and is not readily amenable to computational analyses. To this end, the BioGRID database systematically curates the biomedical literature for genetic and protein interaction data. This data is provided in a standardized computationally tractable format and includes structured annotation of experimental evidence. BioGRID curation necessarily involves substantial human effort by expert curators who must read each publication to extract the relevant information. Computational text-mining methods offer the potential to augment and accelerate manual curation. To facilitate the development of practical text-mining strategies, a new challenge was organized in BioCreative V for the BioC task, the collaborative Biocurator Assistant Task. This was a non-competitive, cooperative task in which the participants worked together to build BioC-compatible modules into an integrated pipeline to assist BioGRID curators. As an integral part of this task, a test collection of full text articles was developed that contained both biological entity annotations (gene/protein and organism/species) and molecular interaction annotations (protein–protein and genetic interactions (PPIs and GIs)). This collection, which we call the BioC-BioGRID corpus, was annotated by four BioGRID curators over three rounds of annotation and contains 120 full text articles curated in a dataset representing two major model organisms, namely budding yeast and human. The BioC-BioGRID corpus contains annotations for 6409 mentions of genes and their Entrez Gene IDs, 186 mentions of organism names and their NCBI Taxonomy IDs, 1867 mentions of PPIs and 701 annotations of PPI experimental evidence statements, 856 mentions of GIs and 399 annotations of GI evidence statements. The purpose, characteristics and possible future

  3. EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO AERÓBIO, RESISTIDO E COMBINADO: efeitos na pressão arterial em indivíduos hipertensos

    OpenAIRE

    da Silva, Julia Spanhol; Bona, Cleiton Chiamonti

    2014-01-01

    Objetivo: analisar possíveis efeitos na pressão arterial de três sujeitos hipertensos, a partir da aplicação de três tipos de exercícios: aeróbio, resistido e combinado. Método: o estudo de caso utilizou, como instrumento, equipamento manual de verificação de pressão arterial, monitor de frequência cardíaca Polar, ficha de anotações da pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca. Os sujeitos analisados realizaram as atividades em academia do município de Passo Fundo-RS. Resultados e considerações ...

  4. Bio-ethanol

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wenzel, Henrik

    2007-01-01

    , there is not enough biomass for 'everyone', not physically and not in terms of money to promote its use. This leads to the conclusion that any use of biomass for energy purposes will have to compare to the lost opportunity of using it for something else. In this perspective, the choice to use biomass for bio......-ethanol production will not lead to reduction but to increase in CO2 emission and fossil fuel dependency. Both first and second generation bio-ethanol suffer from a biomass-to-ethanol energy conversion efficiency as low as 30-40 %, and moreover external fossil fuels are used to run the conversion. There is only......, but they do not improve the energy balance enough for bio-ethanol to compete with alternative uses of the biomass. When using biomass to substitute fossil fuels in heat & power production, a close to 100% substitution efficiency is achieved. The best alternative for CO2 reduction and oil saving is, therefore...

  5. Bio diesel, v. 15(58)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gicheva, Ljubitsa

    2007-01-01

    The history of bio-fuels/bio-diesel is more political and economical than it is technological. The technology of the production is the same as it was 200 years ago. The economy closed the usage of bio-fuels in the middies of the 20 Th century and put it back on the agenda of the world economy at the beginning of the 21 st century. With price of more then 70 US$ per barrel of grudge oil, production and usage of bio-fuels becomes more economical category rather than political and ecological. If we, additionally, add secondary, yet nowadays very important factors, as ecological protection, recycling the emission of poisonous gasses, exploitation of agro sector, then the reincarnation of bio-fuels is very interesting, and for Macedonia a potentially strategic category. The basics of the biography is to follow in the article paying special attention on the characteristics, standards, production, processing and usage of the bio-diesel fuel as well as the blended B20 and B5. (Author)

  6. Bio diesel, v. 15(59)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gicheva, Ljubitsa

    2007-01-01

    The history of bio-fuels/bio-diesel is more political and economical than it is technological. The technology of the production is the same as it was 200 years ago. The economy closed the usage of bio-fuels in the middies of the 20 Th century and put it back on the agenda of the world economy at the beginning of the 21 st century. With price of more then 70 US$ per barrel of grudge oil, production and usage of bio-fuels becomes more economical category rather than political and ecological. If we, additionally, add secondary, yet nowadays very important factors, as ecological protection, recycling the emission of poisonous gasses, exploitation of agro sector, then the reincarnation of bio-fuels is very interesting, and for Macedonia a potentially strategic category. The basics of the biography is to follow in the article paying special attention on the characteristics, standards, production, processing and usage of the bio-diesel fuel as well as the blended B20 and B5. (Author)

  7. The basis for a Platform Bio-Energy. Combining forces for the Dutch bio-energy business

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Van Halen, C.J.G.

    1998-02-01

    It appears that there is a need for a community of interests in the field of bio-energy to solve numerous problems and to answer many questions with respect to the development of businesses that are active in the field of bio-energy. The title study was carried out in the third and fourth quarter of 1997 by means of surveys and depth interviews among representatives of bio-energy businesses, interest groups and research institutes. The majority of the respondents supports the foundation of the Platform Bio-Energy and suggests many different activities

  8. Clinical application of bio ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anu, Sharma, E-mail: issaranu@gmail.com; Gayatri, Sharma, E-mail: sharmagayatri@gmail.com [Department of Chemistry, Govt. College of Engineering & Technology, Bikaner, Rajasthan (India)

    2016-05-06

    Ceramics are the inorganic crystalline material. These are used in various field such as biomedical, electrical, electronics, aerospace, automotive and optical etc. Bio ceramics are the one of the most active areas of research. Bio ceramics are the ceramics which are biocompatible. The unique properties of bio ceramics make them an attractive option for medical applications and offer some potential advantages over other materials. During the past three decades, a number of major advances have been made in the field of bio ceramics. This review focuses on the use of these materials in variety of clinical scenarios.

  9. Clinical application of bio ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anu, Sharma; Gayatri, Sharma

    2016-01-01

    Ceramics are the inorganic crystalline material. These are used in various field such as biomedical, electrical, electronics, aerospace, automotive and optical etc. Bio ceramics are the one of the most active areas of research. Bio ceramics are the ceramics which are biocompatible. The unique properties of bio ceramics make them an attractive option for medical applications and offer some potential advantages over other materials. During the past three decades, a number of major advances have been made in the field of bio ceramics. This review focuses on the use of these materials in variety of clinical scenarios.

  10. Influência do polimorfismo I/D do gene da eca na HPE de jovens normotensos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuella de Oliveira Fernandes

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE é considerada uma estratégia não farmacológica adotada para redução da pressão arterial (PA. Ademais, sabe-se que a presença de alguns polimorfismos genéticos influencia a resposta pressórica, como o I/D do gene da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA. Objetivo: Analisar a influência do polimorfismo I/D da ECA sobre a HPE após três diferentes intensidades de exercício em jovens normotensos e fisicamente ativos.MÉTODOS: Vinte e seis jovens saudáveis (DD = 11; ID/II = 15 realizaram uma sessão máxima de 1.600 metros, na pista de atletismo e outras três sessões experimentais (Sessão Moderada: 6% abaixo do limiar anaeróbio, Sessão Intensa: 6% acima do limiar anaeróbio e Sessão de Controle, com aferições prévias da PA, por 20 minutos e posteriores ao exercício por 60 minutos.RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o exercício moderado ocasionou HPE independentemente do grupo genotípico, sendo mais evidente para a pressão arterial sistólica nos momentos 45 minutos e 60 minutos (p ≤ 0,05. Verificou-se também que a característica gênica exerceu influência sobre a área abaixo da curva pressórica (p ≤ 0,005 sobre a pressão arterial diastólica, formada 1 hora após o exercício.CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o exercício moderado ocasiona HPE em jovens normotensos e fisicamente ativos, independentemente do polimorfismo I/D no gene da ECA, sendo que esse polimorfismo exerce influência sobre a hipotensão diastólica, e os indivíduos portadores do alelo I apresentam maior decaimento da PA diastólica (PAD.

  11. Bio-politics Reflexes” or something about what happens with Bio-politics today

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viorella Manolache

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Under the pressure dictated by Western modernity movements, life finally enters within strategic (long term relationships circuit. The present study establishes that, bio-politics and bio-power denounces the paradigm of politicization of the biological life. Foucault’s late writings confirm the subordination of bio-politics to the technologies of power, which integrate / reduce life to biological continuity of the species, to the objectification of individual body or investigation of self-techniques, that would allow (beyond the corset of the institutional, the (re affirmation of subjectivity as a force or a form of resistance. The present reactivation of the bio model establishes that we cannot evade Foucault’s view, in which, the biology- meeting – politics confirms that, none of the terms no longer retains its original meaning.

  12. Psicoterapia e bioética: aproximando conceitos, aperfeiçoando práticas Psychotherapy and bioethics: linking concepts, improving practices

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Wallig Brusius Ludwig

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo traz alguns questionamentos sobre a aproximação entre Psicologia, psicoterapia, formação e Bioética. Esta discussão surge por esta última disciplina estar em evidência nos tempos atuais, em virtude dos avanços tecnológicos da ciência como um todo. Desta forma, considera-se pertinente falar em Bioética em todas as especialidades que, de algum forma, têm o ser humano como centro. A Psicologia, por trabalhar com pessoas, representa uma especialidade capaz de concorrer grandemente para a solução dos dilemas encontrados na Bioética e contribuir com essa área do saber. A partir daí, da mesma forma, procura-se entender como os princípios bioéticos podem ser transpostos para o processo psicoterapêutico. O artigo propõe reflexões sobre questões como dilemas éticos que podem surgir no trabalho do psicólogo, o uso do Termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE no processo psicoterápico, a formação profissional e outras. Pretende-se, no artigo, tornar presentes alguns questionamentos pouco trabalhados, fazendo uma contribuição reflexiva, mas não determinante.Este artículo trae algunos cuestionamientos sobre la aproximación entre psicología, psicoterapia, formación y bioética. Esta discusión surge debido a esta última disciplina estar en evidencia actualmente, en virtud de los avances tecnológicos de la ciencia en su totalidad. De este modo, se considera pertinente hablar de bioética en todas las especialidades que, de alguna forma, tiene el ser humano en su centro. La psicología, por trabajar con personas, representa una especialidad de gran contribución para los dilemas encontrados en la bioética, lo que puede contribuir para esa área del saber. Desde ese lugar, se busca entender como los principios bioéticos pueden ser transpuestos para el proceso psicoterapéutico. El artículo propone reflexiones como: dilemas éticos que pueden surgir en el trabajo del psicólogo, el uso del T

  13. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA CUTÂNEA DE Aplastodiscus leucopygius DO PARQUE MUNICIPAL NATURAL AUGUSTO RUSCHI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laryssa Nolasco

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available A Aplastodiscus leucopygius é um anfíbio da ordem Anura pertencente à família Hylidae, espécie endêmica do Brasil, encontrada em áreas de Mata Atlântica do planalto e serras do Mar e da Mantiqueira, nos Estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar e caracterizar a microbiota de A. leucopygius encontrados no Parque Municipal Natural Augusto Ruschi, Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral da cidade de São José do Campos no estado de São Paulo. Para isso foram coletadas e analisadas amostras biológicas da microbiota cutânea de indivíduos de A. leucopygius. Dentre os microorganismos encontrados estão Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus sp., além da presença de fungos da ordem Eurotiales.

  14. [Trattamento farmacologico del disturbo da uso di alcol. Evidenze scientifiche].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Attilia, Fabio; Perciballi, Roberta; Rotondo, Claudia; Capriglione, Ida; Iannuzzi, Silvia; Attilia, Maria Luisa; Vitali, Mario; Alessandrini, Giovanni; Scamporrino, Maria Concetta Marcella; Fiore, Marco; Ceccanti, Mauro

    2018-01-01

    RIASSUNTO. La terapia farmacologica nei pazienti con disturbo da uso di alcol riveste un ruolo centrale nel progetto terapeutico, altamente contestualizzato in un approccio multidisciplinare. Sebbene i trattamenti non farmacologici per la dipendenza da alcol risultino ben strutturati e in continua evoluzione, dal punto di vista medico le possibilità di intervento sono realmente ristrette, con poche molecole a disposizione approvate per il disturbo da uso di alcol: nello specifico, l'acamprostato, il naltrexone e, più recentemente, il nalmefene tra gli anticraving; il disulfiram tra gli avversivanti. Nuovi approcci sperimentali stanno cercando di ampliare tale gamma attraverso l'utilizzo di farmaci off-label. Evidenze scientifiche devono supportare l'indicazione terapeutica, quest'ultima deve dimostrarsi "cucita" sulle esigenze del paziente e sulle comorbilità presenti tenendo conto del profilo bio-psico-sociale individuale. Fondamentale risulta il follow-up per valutare la ritenzione in trattamento e il monitoraggio degli outcome alcologici.

  15. Bio fertilizer Application in a Fertigation System

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahmad Nazrul Abd Wahid; Latiffah Noordin; Hoe, P.C.K.

    2011-01-01

    Bio fertilizers contain live beneficial microorganisms that provide nutrients and other benefits to crops. At present, bio fertilizers can be found in solid and liquid forms. Liquid bio fertilizer can be one of the alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Liquid bio fertilizer is produced through culturing of microorganisms that are known to have specific capabilities in helping plant growth. However, application of bio fertilizers in the form of solution is more tedious than that of solid bio fertilizers, which can be applied directly to plants, whereas the liquid form requires several stages of preparation before it can be applied to crops. In Malaysian Nuclear Agency, a study on the distribution of liquid bio fertilizers to crops through the fertigation system has been conducted. In Malaysia, this study has not been conducted in depth, since the present fertigation system is associated to delivery of solubilised mineral fertilizers. This paper discusses the application of liquid bio fertilizers through a fertigation system. Discussions cover technical aspects of bio fertilizer preparation and its application via the said system. Tomato plant was used as test crop to determine the capability and efficiency of bio fertilizer application through the fertigation system. (author)

  16. Caracterização quanto a fatores de patogeniciade de fungos filamentosos isolados da praia de Candeias, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE

    OpenAIRE

    OLIVEIRA, Luciana Gonçalves de

    2005-01-01

    Os fungos compreendem um grupo de microrganismos sapróbios, cosmopolitas ou simbiontes importantes componentes dos ecossistemas, constituindo o maior grupo de microrganismo responsável pela produção de enzimas. Considerando a escassez de trabalhos que tratam da micota filamentosa em ambientes marinhos, este trabalho teve como objetivos isolar, identificar e caracterizar quanto a fatores de patogenicidade fungos filamentosos do solo e da água da praia de Candeias, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE. ...

  17. Unraveling Dutch citizens' perceptions on the bio-based economy : The case of bioplastics, bio-jetfuels and small-scale bio-refineries

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lynch, Durwin H J; Klaassen, Pim; Broerse, Jacqueline E W

    2017-01-01

    Little is known about how citizens perceive the transition towards a bio-based economy (BBE), despite the fact that they are one of the most important actors in this transition. Citizens' perceptions of bio-based innovations can support policy-makers to improve the quality of decision-making and the

  18. The BioC-BioGRID corpus: full text articles annotated for curation of protein-protein and genetic interactions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Islamaj Dogan, Rezarta; Kim, Sun; Chatr-Aryamontri, Andrew; Chang, Christie S; Oughtred, Rose; Rust, Jennifer; Wilbur, W John; Comeau, Donald C; Dolinski, Kara; Tyers, Mike

    2017-01-01

    A great deal of information on the molecular genetics and biochemistry of model organisms has been reported in the scientific literature. However, this data is typically described in free text form and is not readily amenable to computational analyses. To this end, the BioGRID database systematically curates the biomedical literature for genetic and protein interaction data. This data is provided in a standardized computationally tractable format and includes structured annotation of experimental evidence. BioGRID curation necessarily involves substantial human effort by expert curators who must read each publication to extract the relevant information. Computational text-mining methods offer the potential to augment and accelerate manual curation. To facilitate the development of practical text-mining strategies, a new challenge was organized in BioCreative V for the BioC task, the collaborative Biocurator Assistant Task. This was a non-competitive, cooperative task in which the participants worked together to build BioC-compatible modules into an integrated pipeline to assist BioGRID curators. As an integral part of this task, a test collection of full text articles was developed that contained both biological entity annotations (gene/protein and organism/species) and molecular interaction annotations (protein-protein and genetic interactions (PPIs and GIs)). This collection, which we call the BioC-BioGRID corpus, was annotated by four BioGRID curators over three rounds of annotation and contains 120 full text articles curated in a dataset representing two major model organisms, namely budding yeast and human. The BioC-BioGRID corpus contains annotations for 6409 mentions of genes and their Entrez Gene IDs, 186 mentions of organism names and their NCBI Taxonomy IDs, 1867 mentions of PPIs and 701 annotations of PPI experimental evidence statements, 856 mentions of GIs and 399 annotations of GI evidence statements. The purpose, characteristics and possible future

  19. BIOETICA Y ORGANIZACION FUNCIONAL DE LA SOCIEDAD BIOÉTICA E ORGANIZAÇÃO FUNCIONAL DA SOCIEDADE BIOETHICS AND SOCIETY’S FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Morandé Court

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available El intercambio interdisciplinario de la bioética, difícil y laborioso, es el objeto de este articulo. Reflexiona, en particular, sobre dos temáticas. En primer lugar, respecto de la eventual novedad y creatividad de la bioética desde el punto de vista del pensamiento. Esta reflexión se desarrolla esencialmente en el ámbito de la filosofía, a través de una pregunta que orienta el análisis: ¿qué agrega la bioética al tradicional debate ético que se ha producido en el seno de todas las culturas? En segundo lugar, por medio de un enfoque de tipo sociológico, sobre el espacio que ocupa la bioética en una sociedad multifuncional. En esta perspectiva, este texto se interroga sobre la posibilidad de desarrollar un concepto de bioética que abarque el conjunto de la sociedad, es decir, que genere la misma legitimidad y estima en todos los sectores funcionalmente diferenciadosO intercambio interdisciplinar da Bioética, difícil e laborioso, é o objeto desse artigo. Em particular, faz reflexão sobre duas temáticas. Em primeiro lugar, aborda a eventual novidade e criatividade da Bioética sob o ponto de vista do pensamento. Esta reflexão desenvolve-se essencialmente no âmbito da filosofia, através de uma questão: o que acrescenta a Bioética ao tradicional debate ético que tem ocorrido no seio de todas as culturas? Em segundo lugar, busca-se identificar o enfoque sociológico considerando o espaço que ocupa a Bioética numa sociedade multifuncional. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo propõe questionar a possibilidade de desenvolver um conceito de Bioética que alcance o conjunto de toda a sociedade, ou seja, que gere a mesma legitimidade e estima em todos os setores funcionalmente diferenciadosBioethics’ interdisciplinary interchange, difficult and arduous, is this article’s aim. First of all in relation to bioethics’ fortuitous novelty and creativity from the mind’s point of view. Essentially this reflection develops within

  20. Anemia Falciforme: Um Problema Nosso. Uma abordagem bioética sobre a nova genética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diniz Debora

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa uma das ações educativas adotadas pelo Ministério da Saúde no campo das hemoglobinopatias: o folheto informativo Anemia Falciforme: Um Problema Nosso. O objetivo é discutir as premissas e os valores morais que se encontram associados a iniciativas no campo da educação genética, tendo as políticas públicas sobre anemia falciforme no Brasil como estudo de caso. A análise mostra que o conteúdo do folheto oscila entre políticas de prevenção para doenças e promoção de direitos fundamentais, uma característica da nova genética. Além disso, o excesso de informação biomédica especializada no folheto dificulta sua divulgação em massa. Os resultados encontrados foram discutidos à luz do debate bioético contemporâneo sobre a nova genética.

  1. Three-dimensional bio-printing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gu, Qi; Hao, Jie; Lu, YangJie; Wang, Liu; Wallace, Gordon G; Zhou, Qi

    2015-05-01

    Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been widely used in various manufacturing operations including automotive, defence and space industries. 3D printing has the advantages of personalization, flexibility and high resolution, and is therefore becoming increasingly visible in the high-tech fields. Three-dimensional bio-printing technology also holds promise for future use in medical applications. At present 3D bio-printing is mainly used for simulating and reconstructing some hard tissues or for preparing drug-delivery systems in the medical area. The fabrication of 3D structures with living cells and bioactive moieties spatially distributed throughout will be realisable. Fabrication of complex tissues and organs is still at the exploratory stage. This review summarize the development of 3D bio-printing and its potential in medical applications, as well as discussing the current challenges faced by 3D bio-printing.

  2. Bio-Oil Analysis Laboratory Procedures | Bioenergy | NREL

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bio-Oil Analysis Laboratory Procedures Bio-Oil Analysis Laboratory Procedures NREL develops laboratory analytical procedures (LAPs) for the analysis of raw and upgraded pyrolysis bio-oils. These standard procedures have been validated and allow for reliable bio-oil analysis. Procedures Determination

  3. Perspectivas do ensino de bioética na graduação em enfermagem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Dias Reis Pessalacia

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available O ensino de ética e bioética nas escolas de enfermagem no Brasil tem apresentado abordagens estritamente conceituais e deontológicas, que frequentemente guardam pouca relação com as futuras práticas profissionais. Assim o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar um relato de experiência sobre a proposta de inserção do ensino de ética e bioética no currículo integrado do curso de graduação em enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, MG, Brasil. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que o conteúdo encontra-se disposto em todas as unidades curriculares do curso de forma a abranger as situações dilemáticas na prática do cuidado em todas as etapas do ciclo de vida. Além disso, tal abordagem propicia ao aluno o desenvolvimento de atitudes autônomas e reflexivas, confrontando cultura e valores com os aspectos biopsicossociais.

  4. Bio-methane via fast pyrolysis of biomass

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Görling, Martin; Larsson, Mårten; Alvfors, Per

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► Pyrolysis gases can efficiently be upgraded to bio-methane. ► The integration can increase energy efficiency and provide a renewable vehicle fuel. ► The biomass to bio-methane conversion efficiency is 83% (HHV). ► The efficiency is higher compared to bio-methane produced via gasification. ► Competitive alternative to other alternatives of bio-oil upgrading. - Abstract: Bio-methane, a renewable vehicle fuel, is today produced by anaerobic digestion and a 2nd generation production route via gasification is under development. This paper proposes a poly-generation plant that produces bio-methane, bio-char and heat via fast pyrolysis of biomass. The energy and material flows for the fuel synthesis are calculated by process simulation in Aspen Plus®. The production of bio-methane and bio-char amounts to 15.5 MW and 3.7 MW, when the total inputs are 23 MW raw biomass and 1.39 MW electricity respectively (HHV basis). The results indicate an overall efficiency of 84% including high-temperature heat and the biomass to bio-methane yield amounts to 83% after allocation of the biomass input to the final products (HHV basis). The overall energy efficiency is higher for the suggested plant than for the gasification production route and is therefore a competitive route for bio-methane production

  5. Bio-threat microparticle simulants

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farquar, George Roy; Leif, Roald N

    2012-10-23

    A bio-threat simulant that includes a carrier and DNA encapsulated in the carrier. Also a method of making a simulant including the steps of providing a carrier and encapsulating DNA in the carrier to produce the bio-threat simulant.

  6. Bio-threat microparticle simulants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Farquar, George Roy; Leif, Roald

    2014-09-16

    A bio-threat simulant that includes a carrier and DNA encapsulated in the carrier. Also a method of making a simulant including the steps of providing a carrier and encapsulating DNA in the carrier to produce the bio-threat simulant.

  7. Bio-fuel production potential in Romania

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Laurentiu, F.; Silvian, F.; Dumitru, F.

    2006-01-01

    The paper is based on the ESTO Study: Techno- Economic Feasibility of Large-Scale Production of Bio-Fuels in EU-Candidate Countries. Bio-fuel production has not been taken into account significantly until now in Romania, being limited to small- scale productions of ethanol, used mostly for various industrial purposes. However the climatic conditions and the quality of the soil are very suitable in the country for development of the main crops (wheat, sugar-beet, sunflower and rape-seed) used in bio-ethanol and bio-diesel production. The paper intended to consider a pertinent discussion of the present situation in Romania's agriculture stressing on the following essential items in the estimation of bio-fuels production potential: availability of feed-stock for bio-fuel production; actual productions of bio-fuels; fuel consumption; cost assessment; SWOT approach; expected trends. Our analysis was based on specific agricultural data for the period 1996-2000. An important ethanol potential (due to wheat, sugar-beet and maize cultures), as well as bio-diesel one (due to sun-flower and rape-seed) were predicted for the period 2005-2010 which could be exploited with the support of an important financial and technological effort, mainly from EU countries

  8. Round table on bio-fuels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2005-11-01

    The French ministers of agriculture and of industry have organized a meeting with the main French actors of agriculture, petroleum industry, car making and accessories industry and with professionals of agriculture machines to encourage the development of bio-fuels in France. This meeting took place in Paris in November 21, 2005. Its aim was to favor the partnerships between the different actors and the public authorities in order to reach the ambitious goals of the government of 5.75% of bio-fuels in fossil fuels by 2008, 7% by 2010 and 10% by 2015. The main points discussed by the participants were: the compatibility of automotive fuel standards with the objectives of bio-fuel incorporation, the development of direct incorporation of methanol in gasoline, the ethanol-ETBE partnership, the question of the lower calorific value of ETBE (ethyl tertio butyl ether), the development of new bio-fuels, the development of bio-diesel and the specific case of pure vegetal oils, and the fiscal framework of bio-fuels. This meeting has permitted to reach important improvements with 15 concrete agreements undertaken by the participants. (J.S.)

  9. Chitosan: An undisputed bio-fabrication material for tissue engineering and bio-sensing applications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baranwal, Anupriya; Kumar, Ashutosh; Priyadharshini, A; Oggu, Gopi Suresh; Bhatnagar, Ira; Srivastava, Ananya; Chandra, Pranjal

    2018-04-15

    Biopolymers have been serving the mankind in various ways since long. Over the last few years, these polymers have found great demand in various domains which includes bio medicine, tissue engineering, bio sensor fabrications etc. because of their excellent bio compatibility. In this context, chitosan has found global attention due to its environmentally benign nature, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of availability. In last one decade or so, extensive research in active biomaterials, like chitosan has led to the development of novel delivery systems for drugs, genes, and biomolecules; and regenerative medicine. Additionally, chitosan has also witnessed its usage in functionalization of biocompatible materials, nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, and immobilization of various bio-recognition elements (BREs) to form active bio-surfaces with great ease. Keeping these aspects in mind, we have written a comprehensive review which aims to acquaint its readers with the exceptional properties of chitosan and its usage in the domain of biomedicine, tissue engineering, and biosensor fabrication. Herein, we have briefly explained various aspects of direct utilization of chitosan and then presented vivid strategies towards formulation of chitosan based nanocomposites for biomedicine, tissue engineering, and biosensing applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Alkaline phosphatase immobilization onto Bio-Gide(R) and Bio-Oss(R) for periodontal and bone regeneration.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Oortgiesen, D.A.W.; Plachokova, A.S.; Geenen, C.; Meijer, G.J.; Walboomers, X.F.; Beucken, J.J.J.P van den; Jansen, J.B.M.J.

    2012-01-01

    AIM: To evaluate the effect of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immobilization onto Bio-Gide((R)) in vitro, and to study the in vivo performance of ALP-enriched Bio-Gide((R)) and/or Bio-Oss((R)) with the purpose to enhance periodontal regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Alkaline phosphatase ALP was

  11. Bio-geoindicadores aplicados ao ecoturismo em Unidades de Conservação localizadas em espaços urbanos

    OpenAIRE

    Fidélis, Joyce Ferreira Macedo de Andrade; Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA; Lima, Sérgio Queirós; Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA; Lima, Aline Maria Meiguins de; Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA; Krag, Márcia Nágem; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA; Guerreiro, Quêzia Leandro de Moura; Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA

    2015-01-01

    As Unidades de Conservação são áreas que visam à proteção da biodiversidade e dos recursos naturais, sua ligação com as práticas de ecoturismo dão suporte ao manejo dessas áreas, uma vez que esta é uma atividade que visa à aproximação dos visitantes e da população do entorno. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os bio-geoindicadores aplicados ao planejamento de ecoturismo em unidades de conservação localizadas na Região Metropolitana de Belém – Pará (RMB). O método adotado foi ...

  12. Negated bio-events: analysis and identification

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    Background Negation occurs frequently in scientific literature, especially in biomedical literature. It has previously been reported that around 13% of sentences found in biomedical research articles contain negation. Historically, the main motivation for identifying negated events has been to ensure their exclusion from lists of extracted interactions. However, recently, there has been a growing interest in negative results, which has resulted in negation detection being identified as a key challenge in biomedical relation extraction. In this article, we focus on the problem of identifying negated bio-events, given gold standard event annotations. Results We have conducted a detailed analysis of three open access bio-event corpora containing negation information (i.e., GENIA Event, BioInfer and BioNLP’09 ST), and have identified the main types of negated bio-events. We have analysed the key aspects of a machine learning solution to the problem of detecting negated events, including selection of negation cues, feature engineering and the choice of learning algorithm. Combining the best solutions for each aspect of the problem, we propose a novel framework for the identification of negated bio-events. We have evaluated our system on each of the three open access corpora mentioned above. The performance of the system significantly surpasses the best results previously reported on the BioNLP’09 ST corpus, and achieves even better results on the GENIA Event and BioInfer corpora, both of which contain more varied and complex events. Conclusions Recently, in the field of biomedical text mining, the development and enhancement of event-based systems has received significant interest. The ability to identify negated events is a key performance element for these systems. We have conducted the first detailed study on the analysis and identification of negated bio-events. Our proposed framework can be integrated with state-of-the-art event extraction systems. The

  13. Bio-oils and other bio fuels used in heat- and power generation; Flytande biobraenslen foer el- och vaermeproduktion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sandgren, Annamaria; Ekdahl, Emma; Sernhed, Kerstin; Lindstroem, Erica

    2010-05-15

    The purpose of this study was to assemble and disseminate knowledge about bio-oils and other bio fuels which are used for heat- and power generation or liquid bio fuels/oils that may become interesting in the future. One aim of this study was to give an updated picture of the Swedish market for bio-oils and to provide an overview of practical experience on the usage of bio-oils in the Swedish heat and power industry. In order to show a green profile, bio-oils can be used in the heat and power generation. However, not all bio-oils can be viewed as climate friendly. Some production of bio-oils may actually - if a lifecycle perspective is considered - lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases, and there are also ethical issues that need to be considered. The data collection was carried out in three different fields. The objective of the first part was to create an overview of the Swedish market for liquid bio fuels/oils for heat and power production. The second part of the study aimed to clarify the issues surrounding environmental and ethical issues associated with the use of different bio-oils. A selection of oil crops for a closer study was made based on production volume (soybean, palm oil and rapeseed) and expected future potential (jatropha). This part of the study was based on a literature review. In the third part of the study technical and practical experiences from using bio-oils in heat and power production were studied. The interviews made with purchasing managers in the second part gave valuable information on which utilities would be the most interesting to interview for the study of technical and practical experiences, where interviews were carried out with persons familiar with the daily operation of the plant. The use of liquid bio fuels was about 4.3 % of total fuel use in Swedish district heating production in 2007 (1.2 % pine oil and 3.0 % other bio-oil). In other words, it is mainly bio-oils that have been used and not other types of liquid

  14. Bio-oils and other bio fuels used in heat- and power generation; Flytande biobraenslen foer el- och vaermeproduktion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sandgren, Annamaria; Ekdahl, Emma; Sernhed, Kerstin; Lindstroem, Erica

    2010-05-15

    The purpose of this study was to assemble and disseminate knowledge about bio-oils and other bio fuels which are used for heat- and power generation or liquid bio fuels/oils that may become interesting in the future. One aim of this study was to give an updated picture of the Swedish market for bio-oils and to provide an overview of practical experience on the usage of bio-oils in the Swedish heat and power industry. In order to show a green profile, bio-oils can be used in the heat and power generation. However, not all bio-oils can be viewed as climate friendly. Some production of bio-oils may actually - if a lifecycle perspective is considered - lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases, and there are also ethical issues that need to be considered. The data collection was carried out in three different fields. The objective of the first part was to create an overview of the Swedish market for liquid bio fuels/oils for heat and power production. The second part of the study aimed to clarify the issues surrounding environmental and ethical issues associated with the use of different bio-oils. A selection of oil crops for a closer study was made based on production volume (soybean, palm oil and rapeseed) and expected future potential (jatropha). This part of the study was based on a literature review. In the third part of the study technical and practical experiences from using bio-oils in heat and power production were studied. The interviews made with purchasing managers in the second part gave valuable information on which utilities would be the most interesting to interview for the study of technical and practical experiences, where interviews were carried out with persons familiar with the daily operation of the plant. The use of liquid bio fuels was about 4.3 % of total fuel use in Swedish district heating production in 2007 (1.2 % pine oil and 3.0 % other bio-oil). In other words, it is mainly bio-oils that have been used and not other types of liquid

  15. Avaliação estética da face em indivíduos com deformidades dentofaciais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silmara Regina Pavani Sovinski

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as características estéticas da face em indivíduos com deformidades dentofaciais (DDF e os possíveis aspectos que se relacionam com aspectos da pele quanto às rugas e sulcos. Métodos: avaliou-se 36 adultos jovens (média de 27,22 anos, em três grupos, DDF padrão II, III e grupo controle (GC. Realizou-se análise facial utilizando o Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial MBGR. Elaborou-se um protocolo de avaliação estético facial a partir das análises validadas para a classificação de rugas, linhas de marionete e sulcos na região orbicular dos olhos. Aplicaram-se testes estatísticos pertinentes. Resultados: indivíduos com DDF e 50% do GC apresentaram alteração quanto à assimetria facial e ângulo nasolabial, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre DDF-II, DDF-III e GC. Indivíduos com DDF mostraram maior frequência de alteração para os sulcos verticais na região dos lábios e linhas de marionete, sem diferenças entre os grupos. Houve correlação positiva entre sulco na região do prócero e os sulcos verticais nos lábios, sulco na região do orbicular dos olhos com o sulco nasogeniano e com as linhas de marionete. O ângulo nasolabial correlacionou-se com sulco na região da testa. A idade correlacionou-se com sulco nasogeniano, sulco na região do prócero, linhas de marionete e sulcos na região do orbicular dos lábios. Conclusão: indivíduos com DDF apresentaram alteração de simetria facial, ângulo nasolabial e da pele quanto às rugas. Aspectos estéticos da face correlacionaram-se entre si, bem como ângulo nasolabial com sulcos na testa. A idade também demonstrou relação com a estética facial.

  16. Relação da síndrome do excesso de treinamento com estresse, fadiga e serotonina

    OpenAIRE

    Rohlfs, Izabel Cristina Provenza de Miranda; Mara, Lourenço Sampaio de; Lima, Walter Celso de; Carvalho, Tales de

    2005-01-01

    A grande exigência do esporte competitivo tem provocado sérias conseqüências em atletas envolvidos em treinamento de alto nível. Por sua vez, a mudança dos padrões estéticos tem levado indivíduos a buscarem, por meio do exercício físico, a redução da massa corporal, o aumento da massa muscular e do condicionamento aeróbio. É comum atletas e não atletas excederem os limites de suas capacidades físicas e psicológicas ocasionando o desenvolvimento da síndrome do excesso de treinamento (overtrain...

  17. Influência do sulfato de bário nas características de cerâmica vermelha incorporada com resíduo oleoso inertizado Influence of barium sulfate on the characteristics of red ceramic incorporated with oily waste

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. A. N. Silva

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available A incorporação em cerâmicas de resíduos como borras resultantes da extração, transporte ou refino de petróleo evita seu lançamento no meio ambiente. Por outro lado, é importante avaliar as alterações tecnológicas causadas pela adição do resíduo, sobretudo, no caso de comprometer a qualidade do produto cerâmico. Neste trabalho estudou-se a microestrutura de um material cerâmico contendo 0, 10, 15 e 20% em peso de um resíduo denominado borra de petróleo encapsulada, queimado em temperaturas que variam de 850 a 1100 ºC. A microanálise do material foi realizada através de espectrometria por dispersão de energia (EDS de modo a complementar a análise topográfica feita por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV, para possibilitar a identificação dos elementos químicos presentes, bem como partículas de segunda fase. Os resultados demonstraram que a adição desta borra de petróleo encapsulada provoca alterações tanto na composição química quanto na microestrutura do material cerâmico. Partículas de formato e características distintas das observadas na cerâmica sem adição de resíduo, principalmente partículas de sulfato de bário, foram mapeadas e sua influência discutida.The incorporation into ceramics of residues, such as oily wastes from extraction, transport and refining of petroleum is a way to avoid their disposal to the environment. On the other hand, it is important to evaluate the technological changes caused by the addition of the residue, mainly, in the case that it could compromise the quality of the ceramic product. In this work, the microstructure resulting from the incorporation with 0, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% of a residue, known as encapsulated petroleum waste, into a ceramic material that was fired at temperatures in the range of 850 to 1100 ºC, was investigated. The microanalysis of the material was performed by Energy Dispersed Spectroscopy (EDS to complement the topographic carried out by

  18. Bio-Chemicals Derived from Waste: Building on the Concept of a Bio-Refinery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Habib, M.; Habib, U.; Khan, A.U.; Rehman, Z.U.; Zeb, A.; Moeed, A.; Pasha, M.K.; Memon, A.R.

    2013-01-01

    The work presented here has looked into the thermal-conversion of wheat and barley spent grains (SG). Wheat fermentation was carried in the laboratory to get a mashed product while barley grain residues were sourced from a local brewing company. Pyrolysis carried at 460, 520 and 540 Degree C at ambient conditions of pressure in a bench scale fluidized bed reactor resulted in producing bio-oil, charcoal and non-condensable gases. These products were characterized by using the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Differential Thermo-glavemetric Analysis (DTG), Elemental Analyzer (E.A) and a Bomb Calorimeter. The final pyrolysis product analysis revealed that the bio-oil production yields and Higher Heating Value (HHV) largely depended on the pyrolysis temperature and the sample type. In comparison with original raw grain samples, the analysis of thermally treated (pyrolysis) spent grains revealed the presence of high carbon and low oxygen contents. Results gathered in this work have shown that high bio-crude-oil production yields can be obtained at 520 Degree C (53 and 37wt percentage bio-oil from wheat and barley SG). Pyrolysis of wheat and barley SG resulted in giving a Higher Heating Value (HHV) of 21.80 and 21.86 MJ/kg at 540 and 460 Degree C, which is considerably more in comparison to their virgin counterparts. This suggested route thus has a potential for further up-gradation of waste bio-mass for use as an intermediate fuel or as a raw material source for producing other bio-chemicals. (author)

  19. Melhoramento ético das práticas em saúde: Comitês de Bioética em Espanha e Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Doris Gomes

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available O compartilhamento solidário de experiências entre Brasil e Espanha reposiciona a importância de novos espaços democráticos de participação cidadã e debate ético-político, suscitando questões como: a participação em Comitês Bioéticos pode ir em direção às necessiades-interesses sociais presentes na singularidade da relação profissional-paciente e equipe de saúde? No Brasil, a participação dos profissionais em fóruns construídos para ampliação do controle social e debate da ética, avança como permanente desafio. A ampliação da deliberação em coletivos de debate e equipes de saúde, precisa assumir novo sentido público social na construção da relação profissional-usuário-sistema de saúde-sociedade.

  20. Influence of heavy crude oil refining about the mains characteristics of jet fuel; Influencia do refino de petroleos pesados sobre as principais caracteristicas do combustivel de aviacao

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Om, Neyda [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Escola de Quimica; Cavado, Alberto; Reyes, Yordanka [Centro de Pesquisas do Petroleo, Cidade de Havana (Cuba); Salazar, Rodolfo [Centro de Eletromagnetismo Aplicado, Cidade de Havana (Cuba); Dominguez, Zulema [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE)

    2004-07-01

    The aviation technology in the world, is to use gas turbines engines feted for fuel type Jet A1. The main exigency of quality for this products is concentrated in extreme security and secure answer during the functioning. The conductivity and thermal stability to oxidation are the principals characteristics to assure these quality exigencies. The use of additives is the methods most used for establish the quality for international specification. The incorporation of heavy crude oils in mixtures to produce fuels has caused a diminution of the quality of the derivatives produced. High viscosity, density and high sulfur content in the heavy crude oils affect some of properties of the jet fuel, influencing in its composition, increasing the mercaptanes and total sulfur content, getting a jet fuel unstable, with low conductivity and highly corrosive. So, for obtain the quality required internationally is necessary use additives. This paper study how the heavy crude oils affect the conductivity and the thermal stability of the jets fuels type Jet A1. Also analyze of the use of dissipater electrostatic and antioxidants additives, to improve these properties in the jet fuel. (author)

  1. Safety Aspects of Bio-Based Nanomaterials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Catalán, Julia; Norppa, Hannu

    2017-12-01

    Moving towards a bio-based and circular economy implies a major focus on the responsible and sustainable utilization of bio-resources. The emergence of nanotechnology has opened multiple possibilities, not only in the existing industrial sectors, but also for completely novel applications of nanoscale bio-materials, the commercial exploitation of which has only begun during the last few years. Bio-based materials are often assumed not to be toxic. However, this pre-assumption is not necessarily true. Here, we provide a short overview on health and environmental aspects associated with bio-based nanomaterials, and on the relevant regulatory requirements. We also discuss testing strategies that may be used for screening purposes at pre-commercial stages. Although the tests presently used to reveal hazards are still evolving, regarding modifi-cations required for nanomaterials, their application is needed before the upscaling or commercialization of bio-based nanomaterials, to ensure the market potential of the nanomaterials is not delayed by uncertainties about safety issues.

  2. BioCMOS Interfaces and Co-Design

    CERN Document Server

    Carrara, Sandro

    2013-01-01

    The application of CMOS circuits and ASIC VLSI systems to problems in medicine and system biology has led to the emergence of Bio/CMOS Interfaces and Co-Design as an exciting and rapidly growing area of research. The mutual inter-relationships between VLSI-CMOS design and the biophysics of molecules interfacing with silicon and/or onto metals has led to the emergence of the interdisciplinary engineering approach to Bio/CMOS interfaces. This new approach, facilitated by 3D circuit design and nanotechnology, has resulted in new concepts and applications for VLSI systems in the bio-world. This book offers an invaluable reference to the state-of-the-art in Bio/CMOS interfaces. It describes leading-edge research in the field of CMOS design and VLSI development for applications requiring integration of biological molecules onto the chip. It provides multidisciplinary content ranging from biochemistry to CMOS design in order to address Bio/CMOS interface co-design in bio-sensing applications.

  3. Which future for aviation bio-fuels?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Botti, Jean; Combarnous, Michel; Jarry, Bruno; Monsan, Pierre; Burzynski, Jean-Pierre; Jeuland, Nicolas; Porot, Pierre; Demoment, Pascale; Gillmann, Marc; Marchand, Philippe; Kuentzmann, Paul; Kurtsoglou, Nicolas; Lombaert-Valot, Isabelle; Pelegrin, Marc; Renvier, Jacques; Rousseau, Julien; Stadler, Thierry; Tremeau, Benoit

    2014-01-01

    This collective report proposes a detailed overview of the evolution of aviation fuels and bio-fuels from technological, regulatory and economic points of view. It also proposes a road-map for possible future evolutions, and outlines the different assessments between American and European countries regarding the predictions for the beginning of industrial production and use of bio-jet-fuel. After having recalled international objectives, an overview of European and French commitments for technological and operational advances, and a discussion of the role of bio-fuels in the carbon cycle, the report presents various technical constraints met in aircraft industry and describes the role bio-fuels may have. The next part proposes an overview of bio-fuels which are industrially produced in the world in 2013. The authors then focus on aviation bio-fuels (main production processes, thermo-chemical processes), discuss the political context, and examine obstacles, partnerships and the role of public authorities

  4. Safety Aspects of Bio-Based Nanomaterials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julia Catalán

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Moving towards a bio-based and circular economy implies a major focus on the responsible and sustainable utilization of bio-resources. The emergence of nanotechnology has opened multiple possibilities, not only in the existing industrial sectors, but also for completely novel applications of nanoscale bio-materials, the commercial exploitation of which has only begun during the last few years. Bio-based materials are often assumed not to be toxic. However, this pre-assumption is not necessarily true. Here, we provide a short overview on health and environmental aspects associated with bio-based nanomaterials, and on the relevant regulatory requirements. We also discuss testing strategies that may be used for screening purposes at pre-commercial stages. Although the tests presently used to reveal hazards are still evolving, regarding modifi­cations required for nanomaterials, their application is needed before the upscaling or commercialization of bio-based nanomaterials, to ensure the market potential of the nanomaterials is not delayed by uncertainties about safety issues.

  5. [Current status of bio-based materials industry in China].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diao, Xiaoqian; Weng, Yunxuan; Huang, Zhigang; Yang, Nan; Wang, Xiyuan; Zhang, Min; Jin, Yujuan

    2016-06-25

    In recent years, bio-based materials are becoming a new dominant industry leading the scientific and technological innovation, and economic development of the world. We reviewed the new development of bio-based materials industry in China, analyzed the entire market of bio-based materials products comprehensively, and also stated the industry status of bio-based chemicals, such as lactic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and succinic acid; biodegradable bio-based polymers, such as co-polyester of diacid and diol, polylactic acid, carbon dioxide based copolymer, polyhydroxyalknoates, polycaprolactone, and thermoplastic bio-based plastics; non-biodegradable bio-based polymers, such as bio-based polyamide, polytrimethylene terephthalate, bio-based polyurethane, and bio-based fibers.

  6. Diamond bio electronics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Linares, Robert; Doering, Patrick; Linares, Bryant

    2009-01-01

    The use of diamond for advanced applications has been the dream of mankind for centuries. Until recently this dream has been realized only in the use of diamond for gemstones and abrasive applications where tons of diamonds are used on an annual basis. Diamond is the material system of choice for many applications, but its use has historically been limited due to the small size, high cost, and inconsistent (and typically poor) quality of available diamond materials until recently. The recent development of high quality, single crystal diamond crystal growth via the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process has allowed physcists and increasingly scientists in the life science area to think beyond these limitations and envision how diamond may be used in advanced applications ranging from quantum computing, to power generation and molecular imaging, and eventually even diamond nano-bots. Because of diamond's unique properties as a bio-compatible material, better understanding of diamond's quantum effects and a convergence of mass production, semiconductor-like fabrication process, diamond now promises a unique and powerful key to the realization of the bio-electronic devices being envisioned for the new era of medical science. The combination of robust in-the-body diamond based sensors, coupled with smart bio-functionalized diamond devices may lead to diamond being the platform of choice for bio-electronics. This generation of diamond based bio-electronic devices would contribute substantially to ushering in a paradigm shift for medical science, leading to vastly improved patient diagnosis, decrease of drug development costs and risks, and improved effectiveness of drug delivery and gene therapy programs through better timed and more customized solutions.

  7. O ensino de bioética: avaliação discente por meio de fóruns de discussão na Internet Enseñanza de bioética: evaluación de los estudiantes a través de foros de discusión en Internet Bioethics teaching: evaluation of students through internet discussion forums

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cilene Rennó Junqueira

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available O estudo da bioética tem se desenvolvido preferencialmente com atividades presenciais em sala de aula. Sem pretender substituir este modelo presencial clássico, a disciplina de bioética, ministrada aos alunos do primeiro ano dos cursos diurno e noturno da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP, tem sido complementada com visitas supervisionadas às clínicas da Faculdade, bem como com estudos a distância em que se utiliza a plataforma Moodle. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os registros dos alunos feitos nos fóruns de discussão da plataforma Moodle em 2008, a fim de verificar qual a percepção deles acerca da proposta de visitas supervisionadas às atividades realizadas na clínica para seu processo de aprendizagem. Dos 100 alunos que postaram seus comentários nos fóruns de discussão da plataforma Moodle, 71 concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. A percepção dos alunos sobre essas atividades clínicas permite aos docentes aprimorá-la como estratégia pedagógica para as turmas futuras e servir de modelo para outras instituições.El estudio de la bioética se ha desarrollado principalmente con actividades presenciales en clase. Sin pretender sustituir a este modelo clásico, la disciplina de bioética, enseñada a los estudiantes de primer año de los cursos diurnos y nocturnos en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de São Paulo (FOUSP, se ha complementado con visitas supervisadas a las clínicas de la Facultad, así como con estudios a distancia que utilizan la plataforma Moodle. En este estudio se evaluaron los registros de los estudiantes en los foros de discusión de la plataforma Moodle en 2008, para verificar su percepción acerca de la propuesta de visitas con supervisión a las actividades realizadas en la clínica durante su proceso de aprendizaje. De 100 estudiantes que publicaron sus comentarios en los

  8. Bio-objects and the media: the role of communication in bio-objectification processes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maeseele, Pieter; Allgaier, Joachim; Martinelli, Lucia

    2013-06-01

    The representation of biological innovations in and through communication and media practices is vital for understanding the nature of "bio-objects" and the process we call "bio-objectification." This paper discusses two ideal-typical analytical approaches based on different underlying communication models, ie, the traditional (science- and media-centered) and media sociological (a multi-layered process involving various social actors in defining the meanings of scientific and technological developments) approach. In this analysis, the latter is not only found to be the most promising approach for understanding the circulation, (re)production, and (re)configuration of meanings of bio-objects, but also to interpret the relationship between media and science. On the basis of a few selected examples, this paper highlights how media function as a primary arena for the (re)production and (re)configuration of scientific and biomedical information with regards to bio-objects in the public sphere in general, and toward decision-makers, interest groups, and the public in specific.

  9. Valorization of algal waste via pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor: Production and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aboulkas, A; Hammani, H; El Achaby, M; Bilal, E; Barakat, A; El Harfi, K

    2017-11-01

    The aim of the present work is to develop processes for the production of bio-oil and bio-char from algae waste using the pyrolysis at controlled conditions. The pyrolysis was carried out at different temperatures 400-600°C and different heating rates 5-50°C/min. The algal waste, bio-oil and bio-char were successfully characterized using Elemental analysis, Chemical composition, TGA, FTIR, 1 H NMR, GC-MS and SEM. At a temperature of 500°C and a heating rate of 10°C/min, the maximum yield of bio-oil and bio-char was found to be 24.10 and 44.01wt%, respectively, which was found to be strongly influenced by the temperature variation, and weakly affected by the heating rate variation. Results show that the bio-oil cannot be used as bio-fuel, but can be used as a source of value-added chemicals. On the other hand, the bio-char is a promising candidate for solid fuel applications and for the production of carbon materials. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Bio-inspired computation in telecommunications

    CERN Document Server

    Yang, Xin-She; Ting, TO

    2015-01-01

    Bio-inspired computation, especially those based on swarm intelligence, has become increasingly popular in the last decade. Bio-Inspired Computation in Telecommunications reviews the latest developments in bio-inspired computation from both theory and application as they relate to telecommunications and image processing, providing a complete resource that analyzes and discusses the latest and future trends in research directions. Written by recognized experts, this is a must-have guide for researchers, telecommunication engineers, computer scientists and PhD students.

  11. A INFLUÊNCIA DO TREINAMENTO RESISTIDO E AERÓBIO EM FORMA DE CIRCUIT TRAINING NO CONTROLE GLICÊMICO DO DIABETES TIPO I: ESTUDO DE CASO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Tadeu Grzelczak

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available O diabetes Mellitus é uma doença que pode desencadear uma série de complicações, desde problemas renais, hipertensão até cegueira e amputações. O exercício é normalmente indicado para portadores de diabetes, auxiliando no controle da doença, aumentando a sensibilidade à insulina, estabilizando as taxas de glicose no sangue auxiliando no controle de peso e redução das doses de insulina. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a influência do treinamento de musculação ou treinamento resistido,sendo desenvolvido em forma de circuito com treinamento aeróbio durante as seções, no controle da glicemia de um diabético tipo 1 (insulino dependente. A amostra foi composta por um homem de 27 anos portador de Diabetes Mellitus tipo1, insulino dependente a 4 anos. O programa de exercícios teve duração de 90dias e consistiu de um Circuit Training de musculação(contrações dinâmicas em séries únicas de 30 repetições e aeróbio (intensidade60% a 80% da frequência cardíaca máxima, foi aplicada na estatística descritiva.Foi observado diminuição da média glicêmica de 209,3 mg/dl no inicio do treinamentopara 122,4 mg/dl, ao final do estudo, uma diminuição de 41,52 % em relação a média inicial. Observou-se diminuição dos níveis de HbA1c de 7,10% para 5,02%. Neste sentido o treinamento de musculação e aeróbio em Circuit Training demonstrou ser uma opção salutar para o controle glicêmico de portadores de diabetes tipo1.

  12. Bio-Organic Reaction Animations (BioORA): Student Performance, Student Perceptions, and Instructor Feedback

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gunersel, Adalet Baris; Fleming, Steven

    2014-01-01

    Research shows that computer animations are especially helpful in fields such as chemistry and in this mixed-methods study, we investigate the educational effectiveness of Bio-Organic Reaction Animations (BioORA), a 3-D software, in four undergraduate biochemistry classes at different universities. Statistically significant findings indicate that…

  13. Study on demetalization of sewage sludge by sequential extraction before liquefaction for the production of cleaner bio-oil and bio-char.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leng, Lijian; Yuan, Xingzhong; Shao, Jianguang; Huang, Huajun; Wang, Hou; Li, Hui; Chen, Xiaohong; Zeng, Guangming

    2016-01-01

    Demetalization of sewage sludge (SS) by sequential extraction before liquefaction was implemented to produce cleaner bio-char and bio-oil. Demetalization steps 1 and 2 did not cause much organic matter loss on SS, and thus the bio-oil and bio-char yields and the compositions of bio-oils were also not affected significantly. However, the demetalization procedures resulted in the production of cleaner bio-chars and bio-oils. The total concentrations and the acid soluble/exchangeable fraction (F1 fraction, the most toxic heavy metal fraction) of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cd) in these products were significantly reduced and the environmental risks of these products were also relived considerably compared with those produced from raw SS, respectively. Additionally, these bio-oils had less heavy fractions. Demetalization processes with removal of F1 and F2 fractions of heavy metals would benefit the production of cleaner bio-char and bio-oil by liquefaction of heavy metal abundant biomass like SS. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. A ética médica, a bioética e os procedimentos com células-tronco hematopoéticas Medical ethics, bioethics and procedures with hematopoietic stem cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eudes Q. Oliveira Junior

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available A terapia celular vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço nos procedimentos médicos e com resultados satisfatórios, cumprindo, desta forma, com eficiência, a missão confiada aos especialistas em hematologia. Os preceitos morais, aliados às condutas éticas profissionais, cobram novas posturas. A evolução da biotecnologia e da biotecnociência carrega uma dose considerável do saber humano, mas exige, em contrapartida, um desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento do pensamento ético, que reúne a aprovação social, na leitura bioética. Mais do que nunca, a conduta médica fica atrelada a uma análise e consideração do paciente ou seu responsável. O objetivo do presente trabalho é justamente buscar as raízes determinantes da ética, desde seu nascedouro, sua transformação no pensamento filosófico, sua adequação no campo profissional, com amaterialização do Código de Ética Médica e o rompimento da nova ciência da vida, batizada por bioética. O entrelaçamento da ética-bioética nas condutas médicas da importante área da hematologia traça um horizonte benéfico, buscando prestigiar a humanidade, preservando sua vocação saudável e, principalmente, sua dignidade. Trata-se, na realidade, de um esforço para reascender princípios éticos pouco valorizados, redimensioná-los no Código de Ética Médica, estatuto que merece uma releitura, e abrir espaço para o pensamento bioético. A bioética surge como ciência de mão dupla, pois envolve o médico, o pesquisador, o paciente e o voluntário. Os objetivos da intervenção médica deverão ser explicitados, discutidos e aprovados pelos interessados. O médico hematologista terá que se avistar com seu paciente, exibir-lhe o quadro clínico, apontar as opções de intervenção e aguardar o seu "placet". Principalmente em área de evolução constante, em razão de uma série infindável de pesquisas desenvolvidas na área da terapia celular. A proposta, portanto, resumidamente

  15. Bio gasification of industrial bio waste and sewage sludge-management of biogas quality

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kymalainen, M.; Lahde, K.; Kaarnakoski, M.; Pirttijarvi, T.; Arnold, M.; Kurola, J.; Kautola, H.

    2009-07-01

    Bio gasification, i. e. anaerobic digestion, is a well known sustainable option for the management of organic solid wastes and sludges. the produced biogas is a valuable bio fuel to replace fossil fuels in different technical applications (like heating, electricity, transport fuel generation) which in turn determine its quality requirements. (Author)

  16. Understanding bio-economics

    OpenAIRE

    Patel, M.K.

    2008-01-01

    New plants for production of bio-based fuels, chemicals or plastics are being set up at an accelerating pace. However, this transition towards bio-based fuels, feedstocks and chemicals has not come without consequences. Increased demand has pushed up prices of key agricultural products such as maize and corn with the result that consumers - especially those in low income areas - have reacted with concern and protest. At the same time, environmental research institutes and lobby groups - and n...

  17. Tratamento de efluentes de abatedouro de frangos por meio de reator UASB seguido de filtro anaeróbio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.S. Rodrigues

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de aves do mundo e se destaca na exportação de carne de frango, que tem papel relevante na economia do país. Como resultado do crescimento da indústria de processamento do frango, há também um significativo aumento na geração de efluentes. Uma alternativa interessante para o tratamento desses resíduos são os reatores anaeróbios. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do sistema reator UASB-Filtro anaeróbio no tratamento de efluentes de abate de frangos. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um abatedouro avícola, situado na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. O sistema de tratamento foi composto por peneira estática, caixa de gordura, reator UASB e filtro anaeróbio. A vazão média diária de efluentes do abatedouro foi de 30m³/dia. A carga orgânica aplicada no reator UASB foi de 0,71kg DQO/m³.d. O monitoramento do sistema foi realizado por meio de análises físico-químicas do afluente e dos efluentes da caixa de gordura, reator UASB e filtro anaeróbio. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: temperatura, pH, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO, sólidos suspensos totais (SST, e sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV. Os valores efluentes médios encontrados para DBO, DQO e SST foram 106, 290 e 56mg/L, respectivamente. A eficiência de remoção do sistema para DBO variou de 83 a 99%, e para DQO de 50 a 98%. A eficiência de remoção média de SST e SSV foi de 92%. Conclui-se que o sistema reator UASB seguido de filtro anaeróbio apresentou alto desempenho na remoção de sólidos e carga orgânica. Dessa forma, esses reatores tornam-se uma alternativa viável para o tratamento de águas residuárias de frigoríficos, já que oferecem bons resultados de remoção de poluentes.

  18. BioFET-SIM

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hediger, M. R.; Martinez, K. L.; Nygård, J.

    2013-01-01

    Biosensors based on nanowire field effect transistor (FET) have received much attention in recent years as a way to achieve ultra-sensitive and label-free sensing of molecules of biological interest. The BioFET-SIM computer model permits the analysis and interpretation of experimental sensor...... signals through its web-based interface www.biofetsim.org. The model also allows for predictions of the effects of changes in the experimental setup on the sensor signal. After an introduction to nanowire-based FET biosensors, this chapter reviews the theoretical basis of BioFET-SIM models describing both...... single and multiple charges on the analyte. Afterwards the usage of the interface and its relative command line version is briefly shown. Finally, possible applications of the BioFET-SIM model are presented. Among the possible uses of the interface, the effects on the predicted signal of pH, buffer ionic...

  19. Mídia, clonagem e bioética Media, cloning, and bioethics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Ibiapina Ferreira Costa

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Para este artigo, foram analisadas trezentas matérias extraídas dos principais jornais da mídia impressa brasileira sobre o tema da clonagem, em um período de dezoito meses, a contar do anúncio de Dolly, feito em fevereiro de 1997. A análise do material teve dois grandes objetivos: mapear os constantes morais a que a possibilidade da clonagem de seres humanos esteve associada e identificar alguns dos pressupostos morais da pesquisa científica com animais não-humanos e que foram reproduzidos irrefletidamente pela mídia. Além do reconhecimento de que houve antes uma difusão irrefletida do medo da clonagem em seres humanos que mesmo um debate ético frente à questão, a conclusão a que os autores chegaram com este estudo foi que há um sério descompasso entre as reflexões bioéticas e a mídia brasileira.This article was based on an analysis of three hundred articles from mainstream Brazilian periodicals over a period of eighteen months, beginning with the announcement of the Dolly case in February 1997. There were two main objectives: to outline the moral constants in the press associated with the possibility of cloning human beings and to identify some of the moral assumptions concerning scientific research with non-human animals that were published carelessly by the media. The authors conclude that there was a haphazard spread of fear concerning the cloning of human beings rather than an ethical debate on the issue, and that there is a serious gap between bioethical reflections and the Brazilian media.

  20. Bio digester : anaerobic methanogenesis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bullema, Marten; Hulzen, Hans; Keizer, Melvin; Pruisscher, Gerlof; Smint, Martin; Vincent, Helene

    2014-01-01

    As part of the theme 13 and 14, our group have to realize a project in the field of the renewable energy. This project consist of the design of a bio-digester for the canteen of Zernikeplein. Gert Hofstede is our client. To produce energy, a bio-digester uses the anaerobic digestion, which is made

  1. Bio energy - Environment, technique and market

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hohle, Erik Eid

    2001-01-01

    Leading abstract. In this book, a group of experts discusses everything about the use of bio fuels, from the briquettes of dry alder used in automobile gas generators during World War II to the most advanced present-day use. The chapters are: (1) Energy and society, (2) Production of biomass, (3) Bio fuel - properties and production, (4) Bio fuel - conversion and use, (5) Environment and environmental engineering, (6) Economy and planning and (7) Bio energy in the energy system of the future. There is a list of literature and a glossary at the end of the book

  2. Bio-slurry as fertilizer : is bio-slurry from household digesters a better fertilizer than manure? : a literature review

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bonten, L.T.C.; Zwart, K.B.; Rietra, R.P.J.J.; Postma, R.; Haas, de M.J.G.; Nysingh, S.L.

    2014-01-01

    In many developing countries manure is anaerobically digested to produce biogas. The residue of manure digestion, bio-slurry, can be used as fertilizer for crop production and aquaculture. This study compared bio-slurry and manure as fertilizers. Nutrients in bio-slurry, especially nitrogen, are

  3. Limits to the potential of bio-fuels and bio-sequestration of carbon

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pearman, Graeme I.

    2013-01-01

    This document examines bio-physical limits of bio-fuels and bio-sequestration of carbon by examining available solar radiation and observed efficiencies with which natural ecosystems and agricultural systems convert that energy to biomass. It compares these energy/carbon exchanges with national levels of energy use and carbon emissions for Australia, Brazil, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. Globally primary energy consumption (related carbon emissions) is currently equivalent to ∼0.06% of the incident solar energy, and 43% of the energy (carbon) captured by photosynthesis. The nations fall into three categories. Those with primary energy consumption that is: 1–10% (Japan, Korea and Singapore); ∼0.1% (China, UK and the US) and; 0.1–0.01% (Australia, Brazil, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and Sweden) of incident solar radiation. The percentage of energy captured in biomass follows this pattern, but generally lower by ∼3 orders of magnitude. The energy content of traded wheat, corn and rice represents conversion efficiencies of solar radiation of 0.08–0.17% and for sugar close to 1%, ignoring energy use in production and conversion of biomass to fuels. The study implies that bio-fuels or bio-sequestration can only be a small part of an inclusive portfolio of actions towards a low carbon future and minimised net emissions of carbon to the atmosphere. - Highlights: • Global energy consumption is ∼0.06% of solar; 43% of net primary production. • 11 nations studied fall into 3 groups: consumption/solar=1–10%; ∼0.1%; 0.1–0.01%. • % of energy captured in biomass is lower by ∼3 orders of magnitude. • Crops and natural ecosystems capture 0.1–0.3% and sugar 1% of solar energy. • Significant bio-energy/carbon sequestration via biomass is unrealistic

  4. A Jurisprudência Brasileira da Transexualidade: uma reflexão à luz de Dworkin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Eugenia Bunchaft

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2013v34n67p277A transexualidade é um dos temas mais controversos da bioética. A temática é encoberta por autocompreensões assimétricas de mundo vinculadas a concepções religiosas, que terminam por minimizar os aspectos jurídicos fundamentais relativos ao direito à identidade sexual. Por meio da análise de diferentes projetos de lei, que tratam da temática da transexualidade, objetiva-se provar que a insuficiência da atuação do processo político majoritário na satisfação de demandas sociais específicas de transexuais tem sido suprida pelo papel pedagógico da atuação de alguns tribunais e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça na interpretação do direito de mudança do prenome e do sexo. Propugna-se investigar a relevância da estratégia de conciliação de valores em uma rede harmoniosa para a análise dos princípios jurídicos envolvidos na temática da mudança de prenome e sexo por transexuais.

  5. Mixed Martial Arts: rotinas de condicionamento e avaliação da aptidão física de lutadores de Pelotas/RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrício Boscolo del Vecchio

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available O Mixed Martial Arts (MMA carece de informações acerca do sistema de treinos e da aptidão física de seus lutadores, os quais necessitam de elevado condicionamento aeróbio e neuromuscular. Assim, objetivou-se registrar as rotinas de treinamento e mensurar a aptidão física de lutadores de MMA de nível regional. Oito competidores da cidade de Pelotas/RS constituíram a amostra. Realizaram-se: i entrevista semi-estruturada, contendo dez perguntas abertas, ii avaliação neuromuscular, com testes de carga máxima (1RM no supino reto e levantamento terra, e iii avaliação do componente aeróbio, a partir da determinação da velocidade no VO2máx (vVO2máx, cálculo da potência aeróbia máxima (VO2máx e quantificação do tempo limite (TLim. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos lutadores de Pelotas realiza apenas dois treinos semanais específicos, não utiliza o treinamento de pesos e emprega corridas nas suas sessões de treino. Acerca da aptidão física, os atletas têm IMC de 26,19±26,19 kg/m², 9,47±4,06% de gordura corporal, 1RM de 76,25±10,61 kg no supino reto e de 115±10,69 kg no levantamento terra, VO2máx de 52,5±4,95mL·kg-1·min-1, vVO2máx de 15±1,41 km·h-1 e TLim de 360,75±55 segundos. Conclui-se que a frequência de treinos aeróbios e de força destes lutadores é insuficiente para o MMA, o percentual de gordura corporal deles é baixo e, apesar da aptidão aeróbia moderada, os níveis de força absoluta e relativa destes lutadores são inferiores aos apresentados pela literatura.

  6. Influência da imobilização de biomassa e do tamanho da partícula na fluidodinâmica de um reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado = The influence of immobilized biomass and particle size on the fluid dynamics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavio Bentes Freire

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available O estudo da fluidodinâmica é muito comum em diversas áreas relacionadas com a engenharia química, tais como nos processos de secagem e nos reatores químicos. Entretanto, em reatores biológicos empregados no tratamento de águas residuárias, esses aspectos ainda necessitam de investigações mais aprofundadas. Deste modo, é fundamental avaliar a influência da presença do biofilme no comportamento fluidodinâmico do reator, por meio de importantes parâmetros como, por exemplo, a velocidade de mínima fluidização, a expansão, a porosidade do leito e a velocidade terminal da partícula. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma investigação da fluidodinâmica de um reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado, tratando uma água residuária sintética preparada a partir da solução utilizada para determinação de DBO, tendo o carvão ativado como meio suportepara a imobilização de biomassa. Especificamente, no trabalho, verificou-se que a biomassa imobilizada aumentou a densidade das partículas e alterou os principais parâmetros fluidodinâmicos avaliados.Fluid dynamic analysis is an important branch of several chemical engineering related areas, such as drying processes and chemical reactors. However, aspects concerning fluid dynamics in wastewater treatment bioreactors still require further investigation, as they highly influence process efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the influence of biofilm on the reactor fluid dynamicbehavior, through the analysis of a few important parameters, such as minimum fluidization velocity, bed expansion and porosity, and particle terminal velocity. The main objective of the present work was to investigate the fluid dynamics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor, having activated carbon particles as support media for biomass immobilization. Reactor performance was tested using synthetic residual water, which was prepared using the solution employed in BOD determination. The results

  7. [Preface for special issue on bio-based materials (2016)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weng, Yunxuan

    2016-06-25

    Bio-based materials are new materials or chemicals with renewable biomass as raw materials such as grain, legume, straw, bamboo and wood powder. This class of materials includes bio-based polymer, biobased fiber, glycotechnology products, biobased rubber and plastics produced by biomass thermoplastic processing and basic biobased chemicals, for instance, bio-alcohols, organic acids, alkanes, and alkenes, obtained by bio-synthesis, bio-processing and bio-refinery. Owing to its environmental friendly and resource conservation, bio-based materials are becoming a new dominant industry taking the lead in the world scientific and technological innovation and economic development. An overview of bio-based materials development is reported in this special issue, and the industrial status and research progress of the following aspects, including biobased fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoates, biodegradable mulching film, bio-based polyamide, protein based biomedical materials, bio-based polyurethane, and modification and processing of poly(lactic acid), are introduced.

  8. Bio-fuels for the gas turbine: A review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gupta, K.K.; Rehman, A.; Sarviya, R.M.

    2010-01-01

    Due to depletion of fossil fuel, bio-fuels have generated a significant interest as an alternative fuel for the future. The use of bio-fuels to fuel gas turbine seems a viable solution for the problems of decreasing fossil-fuel reserves and environmental concerns. Bio-fuels are alternative fuels, made from renewable sources and having environmental benefit. In recent years, the desire for energy independence, foreseen depletion of nonrenewable fuel resources, fluctuating petroleum fuel costs, the necessity of stimulating agriculture based economy, and the reality of climate change have created an interest in the development of bio-fuels. The application of bio-fuels in automobiles and heating applications is increasing day by day. Therefore the use of these fuels in gas turbines would extend this application to aviation field. The impact of costly petroleum-based aviation fuel on the environment is harmful. So the development of alternative fuels in aviation is important and useful. The use of liquid and gaseous fuels from biomass will help to fulfill the Kyoto targets concerning global warming emissions. In addition, to reduce exhaust emission waste gases and syngas, etc., could be used as a potential gas turbine fuel. The term bio-fuel is referred to alternative fuel which is produced from biomass. Such fuels include bio-diesel, bio-ethanol, bio-methanol, pyrolysis oil, biogas, synthetic gas (dimethyl ether), hydrogen, etc. The bio-ethanol and bio-methanol are petrol additive/substitute. Bio-diesel is an environment friendly alternative liquid fuel for the diesel/aviation fuel. The gas turbine develops steady flame during its combustion; this feature gives a flexibility to use alternative fuels. Therefore so the use of different bio-fuels in gas turbine has been investigated by a good number of researchers. The suitability and modifications in the existing systems are also recommended. (author)

  9. O cinema como instrumento cidático para a abordagem de problemas bioéticos: uma reflexão sobre a eutanásia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anielle Avelina Dantas

    Full Text Available O ensino da ética é necessário à formação dos alunos do curso de Medicina, pois o cuidado da saúde dos indivíduos e das populações pressupõe ações e decisões que devem ser permanentemente avaliadas de modo racional com respeito às suas reais e efetivas repercussões. As artes cinematográficas podem estimular a avaliação crítica e o entendimento efetivo das narrativas e necessidades únicas dos pacientes. O objetivo do presente estudo é mostrar que a análise estruturada de um filme comercial pode constituir uma atividade instrucional facilitadora para a concretização de objetivos educacionais relativos ao ensino da bioética e, em particular, dos problemas morais concernentes à eutanásia. Foi realizada uma interpretação macro e microanalítica do filme Mar Adentro e identificaram-se exemplos de situações e oportunidades de ensino-aprendizagem. O critério de seleção das cenas se pautou na capacidade de estas revelarem conteúdos e situações que possam estimular uma reflexão acerca dos dilemas morais/bioéticos relativos ao direito à vida. A exibição de um filme seguida da discussão de cenas pode ser utilizada como instrumento pedagógico significante para atingir objetivos educacionais humanísticos dos currículos dos cursos de Medicina.

  10. Capacidade de solubilização de fosfatos e eficiência simbiótica de rizóbios isolados de solos da Amazônia = Phosphate solubilizing ability and symbiotic efficiency of isolated rhizobia from Amazonian soils

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aloisio Freitas Chagas Junior

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Em solos com baixa disponibilidade de fósforo, como os de terra firme da Amazônia, a habilidade de estirpes de rizóbio de solubilizar compostos de fosfato inorgânico é extremamente importante. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a capacidade de solubilização de fosfato de cálcio (P-Ca e fosfato de alumínio (P-Al de isolados de rizóbio de solos na Amazônia em laboratório e a eficiência simbiótica dos isolados em aumentar os conteúdos de N e P em caupi. Os isolados de rizóbio foram avaliados em meios específicos para solubilização desses fosfatos por um período de 15 dias, obtendo-se os seus índices de solubilização (I.S.. Dos 205 isolados avaliados, 68 solubilizaram P-Ca, 47 solubilizaram P-Al e 32 solubilizaram tanto P–Ca quanto P–Al. Entre 14 isolados solubilizadores testados, 8 (INPA R820, INPA R825, INPA R843, INPA R894, INPA R914, INPA R917, INPAR969 e INPA R982 proporcionaram maiores teores de P na parte a��rea, consequentemente melhor eficiência na utilização de P e N pelas plantas assim como maior matéria seca da parte aérea.On soils with low available phosphorus, such as the Amazonian upland, the ability of rhizobium strains to solubilize inorganic phosphates is of extreme importance. The objective of this work was to determine the ability of rhizobium isolates from Amazonian soil to solubilize calcium and aluminum phosphate in laboratory, and their symbiotic efficiency to increase N and P contents in cowpea. The rhizobiumisolates were evaluated on specific growth media during a period of 15 days, when solubilizing indexes (S.I. were obtained. From the 205 isolates, 68 solubilized P-Ca and 47 solubilized P-Al, and 32 solubilized P-Ca as well as P-Al. Among the 14 isolates with highest solubilizing activities, eight isolates (INPA R820, INPA R825, INPA R843, INPA R894, INPA R914, INPA R917, INPA R969 and INPA R982 provided higher shoot P and N contents and dry matter.

  11. Tax exemption for bio fuels in Germany: is bio-ethanol really an option for climate policy?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Henke, J.M.; Klepper, G.; Schmitz, N.

    2005-01-01

    In 2002 the German Parliament decided to exempt biofuels from the gasoline tax to increase their competitiveness compared to conventional gasoline. The policy to promote biofuels is being justified by their allegedly positive effects on climate, energy, and agricultural policy goals. An increased use of biofuels would contribute to sustainable development by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and the use of non-renewable resources. The paper takes a closer look at bio-ethanol as a substitute for gasoline. It analyzes the underlying basic German, European, and worldwide conditions that provide the setting for the production and promotion of biofuels. It is shown that the production of bio-ethanol in Germany is not competitive and that imports are likely to increase. Using energy and greenhouse-gas balances we then demonstrate that the promotion and a possible increased use of bio-ethanol to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions are economically inefficient and that there are preferred alternative strategies. In addition, scenarios of the future development of the bio-ethanol market are derived from a model that allows for variations in all decisive variables and reflects the entire production and trade chain of bio-ethanol, from the agricultural production of wheat and sugar beet to the consumption of bio-ethanol in the fuel sector. (author)

  12. Tax exemption for bio fuels in Germany: is bio-ethanol really an option for climate policy?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Henke, J.M.; Klepper, G. [Kiel Institute for World Economics, Kiel (Germany); Schmitz, N. [Meo Consulting Team, Koeln (Germany)

    2005-11-01

    In 2002 the German Parliament decided to exempt biofuels from the gasoline tax to increase their competitiveness compared to conventional gasoline. The policy to promote biofuels is being justified by their allegedly positive effects on climate, energy, and agricultural policy goals. An increased use of biofuels would contribute to sustainable development by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and the use of non-renewable resources. The paper takes a closer look at bio-ethanol as a substitute for gasoline. It analyzes the underlying basic German, European, and worldwide conditions that provide the setting for the production and promotion of biofuels. It is shown that the production of bio-ethanol in Germany is not competitive and that imports are likely to increase. Using energy and greenhouse-gas balances we then demonstrate that the promotion and a possible increased use of bio-ethanol to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions are economically inefficient and that there are preferred alternative strategies. In addition, scenarios of the future development of the bio-ethanol market are derived from a model that allows for variations in all decisive variables and reflects the entire production and trade chain of bio-ethanol, from the agricultural production of wheat and sugar beet to the consumption of bio-ethanol in the fuel sector. (author)

  13. Seleção inicial e caracterização parcial de rizóbios de tabuleiros costeiros quando associados ao guandu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. F. Fernandes

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar e caracterizar parcialmente rizóbios de tabuleiros costeiros com alta capacidade de fixação biológica do N, quando associados ao guandu. Dezesseis isolados de rizóbios de diferentes regiões desse ecossistema foram avaliados em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (Aracaju, SE. Quatro isolados destacaram-se quanto ao N acumulado (Nac, matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA, área foliar (AF e matéria seca de nódulos (MSN. A MSN correlacionou-se com a MSPA, AF e Nac. A relação N-ureído/N-total na seiva xilemática correlacionou-se com Nac e MSN. Três desses isolados foram caracterizados (R1, R5 e R11 e apresentaram crescimento rápido e acidificaram o meio de cultura com manitol. Comparado ao R1 e R5, o isolado R11 foi o mais sensível aos antibióticos e o menos tolerante ao Al e às temperaturas elevadas.

  14. O papel da mídia na prevenção do HIV/Aids e a representação da mulher no contexto da epidemia The paper of the media in the prevention of HIV/AIDS and the woman's representation in the context of the epidemic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erli Helena Gonçalves

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo questiona o papel da mídia diante da epidemia do HIV/Aids. Toda a discussão é travada à luz da bioética, tentando sempre apreender os dilemas morais subjacentes nas mensagens de prevenção do HIV/Aids. Pautar se a mídia considerou os rumos da epidemia na medida em que essa ia se modificando; refletir se as campanhas educativas do HIV/Aids ponderavam as assimetrias de gênero, a sexualidade e os processos de socialização.The present article tries to question the mission of the media before the epidemic of HIV/AIDS. The whole discussion is supposed, in the light of the bioethics, to try to apprehend the tenor of the messages transmitted in the context of the disease. To discuss if the media had considered the different ways of the epidemic while they were being modified; to think if the HIV/AIDS educative campaigns had considered the gender differences, the sexuality and the socialization process.

  15. Hair flow sensors: from bio-inspiration to bio-mimicking—a review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tao, Junliang; Yu, Xiong

    2012-01-01

    A great many living beings, such as aquatics and arthropods, are equipped with highly sensitive flow sensors to help them survive in challenging environments. These sensors are excellent sources of inspiration for developing application-driven artificial flow sensors with high sensitivity and performance. This paper reviews the bio-inspirations on flow sensing in nature and the bio-mimicking efforts to emulate such sensing mechanisms in recent years. The natural flow sensing systems in aquatics and arthropods are reviewed to highlight inspirations at multiple levels such as morphology, sensing mechanism and information processing. Biomimetic hair flow sensors based on different sensing mechanisms and fabrication technologies are also reviewed to capture the recent accomplishments and to point out areas where further progress is necessary. Biomimetic flow sensors are still in their early stages. Further efforts are required to unveil the sensing mechanisms in the natural biological systems and to achieve multi-level bio-mimicking of the natural system to develop their artificial counterparts. (topical review)

  16. Green bio-oil extraction for oil crops

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zainab, H.; Nurfatirah, N.; Norfaezah, A.; Othman, H.

    2016-06-01

    The move towards a green bio-oil extraction technique is highlighted in this paper. The commonly practised organic solvent oil extraction technique could be replaced with a modified microwave extraction. Jatropha seeds (Jatropha curcas) were used to extract bio-oil. Clean samples were heated in an oven at 110 ° C for 24 hours to remove moisture content and ground to obtain particle size smaller than 500μm. Extraction was carried out at different extraction times 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min and 120 min to determine oil yield. The biooil yield obtained from microwave assisted extraction system at 90 minutes was 36% while that from soxhlet extraction for 6 hours was 42%. Bio-oil extracted using the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) system could enhance yield of bio-oil compared to soxhlet extraction. The MAE extraction system is rapid using only water as solvent which is a nonhazardous, environment-friendly technique compared to soxhlet extraction (SE) method using hexane as solvent. Thus, this is a green technique of bio-oil extraction using only water as extractant. Bio-oil extraction from the pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass waste from oil palm crop, was enhanced using a biocatalyst derived from seashell waste. Oil yield for non-catalytic extraction was 43.8% while addition of seashell based biocatalyst was 44.6%. Oil yield for non-catalytic extraction was 43.8% while with addition of seashell-based biocatalyst was 44.6%. The pH of bio-oil increased from 3.5 to 4.3. The viscosity of bio-oil obtained by catalytic means increased from 20.5 to 37.8 cP. A rapid and environment friendly extraction technique is preferable to enhance bio-oil yield. The microwave assisted approach is a green, rapid and environmental friendly extraction technique for the production of bio-oil bearing crops.

  17. Diversidade de anfíbios do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franco L. Souza

    Full Text Available RESUMO A fauna de anfíbios do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul foi compilada e elaborada pela primeira vez, totalizando 97 espécies, o que representa pouco mais de 10% das espécies que ocorrem no Brasil. Nove famílias e 25 gêneros de Anura e apenas uma espécie de Gymnophiona foram registradas. As áreas de Cerrado apresentaram a maior riqueza, seguidas pelas florestas estacionais semideciduais, Chaco e veredas. Em relação às macrorregiões consideradas, foram registradas 56 espécies para a planície de inundação (majoritariamente representada pelo Pantanal e 92 para o planalto. As regiões mais amostradas em Mato Grosso do Sul são o Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena e algumas áreas do Pantanal, o que resulta em lacunas de amostragens por todo o estado, principalmente nas regiões norte, leste/sudeste e parte do oeste/sudoeste. Foram identificadas áreas consideradas importantes para amostragens em decorrência da complexidade de fitofisionomias e relevos encontrados no estado: Maciço do rio Apa, Serra de Maracaju, grande parte do Chaco brasileiro, leque do rio Taquari, planalto do Taquari-Itiquira, escarpas do planalto Central, áreas úmidas/florestas estacionais da planície do rio Paraná e áreas interioranas do Pantanal, onde o acesso é difícil.

  18. Status and potential of bio-methane fuel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2008-01-01

    This document first indicates and describes the various bio-methane production processes which can be implemented on a short term (use of organic wastes or effluents), on a medium term (from energetic crops) and on a longer term (gasification). It discusses and assesses the potential production of bio-methane fuel from different sources and processes. It describes the steps of the production of bio-methane fuel from biogas, with notably biogas refinement to produce bio-methane through three processes (de-carbonation, desulfurization, dehydration). Cost productions are assessed. Expected technology advances are evoked. Finally, the authors outline the contribution of bio-methane in the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector

  19. Bio-Conjugates for Nanoscale Applications

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Villadsen, Klaus

    Bio-conjugates for Nanoscale Applications is the title of this thesis, which covers three different projects in chemical bio-conjugation research, namely synthesis and applications of: Lipidated fluorescent peptides, carbohydrate oxime-azide linkers and N-aryl O-R2 oxyamine derivatives. Lipidated...

  20. A new bio-active glass ceramic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shamim, A.; Arif, I.; Suleman, M.; Hussain, K.; Shah, W.A.

    1995-01-01

    Since 1960 fine ceramics such as alumina have been used side by side with metallic materials for bone and joint replacement. They have high mechanical strength and are free from corrosion problem faced by metals. However they don't bond to the natural living bone and hence are called bio-inactive. This was followed by the development of bio-active glasses and glass-ceramics which bond to the natural bone but have low mechanical strength. In the present work a new bio-active glass-ceramic, based on CaO-SiO/sub 2/-P/sub 2/O/sub 3/-MgO composition, has been developed which has mechanical strength compared to that of a bio-inactive glass ceramic and also bonds strongly to the natural bone. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals wollastanite and apatite phases in the glass ceramic. A new bio-active cement has also been developed which can be used to join broken pieces of bone or by itself at a filler. (author)

  1. Bio-MTBE. A new option to fulfil biofuel quota for gasoline; Bio-MTBE. Eine neue Option zur Erfuellung der Biokraftstoffquote in Ottokraftstoffen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Busch, Oliver M.; Schade, Arnd; Locher, Annette [Evonik Industries AG, Essen (Germany)

    2013-05-15

    To meet the legally required bio-fuel quota in gasoline, an alternative to the ethanol blend E10 is nowavailable for nearly one year. Evonik Industries has introduced a bio-version of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), an anti-knock agent, on the market. Chemically, both products are identical, because in production methanol is exchanged for bio-methanol. Bio-methanol is produced from raw glycerine, which arises as a byproduct from biodiesel production. This makes bio-MTBE an ideal bio-fuel component as defined by the EU's Renewable Energy Directive: Fuel components made from waste and residues are ''double counted'' regarding their bio-energy content. The product is widely used in the German and Dutch markets. In both countries, bio- MTBE is legally recognized as a bio-fuel component fulfilling double counting requirements. In the meantime, also other European countries have been introducing double counting for second-generation biofuel components. The EU Commission proposed to allow components based on residual materials to be calculated fourfold in the future. Should this be the case, bio-MTBE would become significantly more valuable. (orig.)

  2. Computing Pathways in Bio-Models Derived from Bio-Science Text Sources

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andreasen, Troels; Bulskov, Henrik; Nilsson, Jørgen Fischer

    2015-01-01

    This paper outlines a system, OntoScape, serving to accomplish complex inference tasks on knowledge bases and bio-models derived from life-science text corpora. The system applies so-called natural logic, a form of logic which is readable for humans. This logic affords ontological representations...... of complex terms appearing in the text sources. Along with logical propositions, the system applies a semantic graph representation facilitating calculation of bio-pathways. More generally, the system aords means of query answering appealing to general and domain specic inference rules....

  3. The potential of activated carbon derived from bio-char waste of bio-oil pyrolysis as adsorbent

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zulkania Ariany

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Activated carbon from bio-char waste of bio oil pyrolysis of mixed sugarcane bagasse and Rambutan twigs was investigated. Bio-char as by-product of bio-oil pyrolysis has potential to be good adsorbed by activating process. Bio-chars waste was activated in fixed bed reactor inside furnace without presenting oxygen. Gas N2 and CO2 were employed to drive out oxygen from the reactor and as activator, respectively. One of the best activation treatments is achieved by performing activation in different temperature and time to produce standard activated carbon. The experiment was performed at different temperatures and activation time, i.e. 800, 850, and 900° C and 80 and 120 minutes, respectively, to determine the optimal operating condition. Activated carbon was characterized by analysis of moisture content, ash content pH, and methylene blue test. The results showed that optimum activation was at 850°C and 80 minute, where activated carbon produced indicated the best adsorption capacity. The ash content and pH had significant role in resulting good activated carbon.

  4. Pareceristas da RBHCS no Triênio 2015-2017

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Editores RBHCS

    2017-12-01

      Adelar Heinsfeld (UPF Adilson Júnior Ishihara Brito (UFPA Adilson Prizmic Momce (UFMS Alcileide Cabral do Nascimento (UFRPE Alexandre de Oliveira Karsburg (UNISINOS Alfredo Veiga-Neto (UFRGS Ana Carolina de Carvalho Viotti (UNESP Ana Paula Korndörfer (UNISINOS Ana Silvia Volpi Scott (NEPO/Unicamp Anderson Roberti dos Reis (UFMT Andréia Orsato (IFSul Andrés Cobo de Guzmán (Université Grenoble Alpes - França Anita Liberalesso Neri (Unicamp Antônio de Pádua Bosi (UNIOESTE Cacilda da Silva Machado (UFRJ Carina Martiny (UFRGS Carla Monteiro de Souza (UFRR Carlos Almeida Prado Bacellar (USP Carlos Coelho Bezerra (PPGCI/IBICT-UFRJ Carlos Fernando França Mosqueira (UNESPAR Carlos Gregório dos Santos Gianelli (UDESC Carlos Roberto da Rosa Rangel (URI Célia da Graça Arribas (UFJF Célia Pereira Caldas (UERJ Claiton Marcio da Silva (UFFS Clarice Gontarski Speranza (UFPel Cláudio de Sá Machado Júnior (UFPR Cláudio Pereira Elmir (UNISINOS Cristiane Freitas Gutfreind (PUCRS Cristina Donza Cancela (UFPA Daniel Luciano Gevehr (FACCAT Daniel Souza Barroso (USP Edgar Aparecido da Costa (UFSM Eliane Cristina Deckmann Fleck (UNISINOS Eloisa Helena Capovilla da Luz Ramos (UNISINOS Emerson Giumbelli (UFRGS Eunícia Barros Barcelos Fernandes (PUC-RIO Éverton Quevedo (MUHM/UNISINOS Fabiano Quadros Rückert (UFMS Fábio Alexandre dos Santos (UNIFESP Felipe Dartagan Maropo Teixeira de Castro (UFMS Fernanda Bittencourt Ribeiro (PUCRS Flavio Coelho Edler (FIOCRUZ Gabriel Santos Berute (IFRS Gizele Zanotto (UPF Glaucia Vieira Ramos Konrad (UFSM Guilherme Galhegos Felippe (PUCRS Gunter Axt (UFSC Gustavo Alves Alonso Ferreira (UFPE Gustavo Castagna Machado (UFRGS Humberto Amorim Neto (UFRJ Inmaculada Barroso Benítez (Universidad de Jaén – Espanha Isabel Aparecida Bilhão (UNISINOS Jane Felipe Beltrão (UFPA Jeannie da Silva Menezes (UFRPE João Alberto da Costa Pinto (UFG João Alfredo dos Reis Peixoto (ISEG-Lisboa João Carlos Tedesco (UPF João Fábio Bertonha (UEM

  5. BioSentinel

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Advanced Exploration Systems' (AES) BioSentinel project will develop, prototype, integrate, test, and prepare for the first spaceflight mission of a broadly...

  6. Sustainable bio-based materials: opportunities and challenges

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Meer, Yvonne

    2017-01-01

    Research in the area of bio-based materials aims to achieve breakthroughs in bio-based materials development. A novel way is presented to organise bio-based materials research with a value chain approach in which sustainability research is integrated in the research program. This research approach

  7. Estudo comparativo de métodos para a predição do consumo máximo de oxigênio e limiar anaeróbio em atletas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Mahseredjian

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available A aplicação de uma bateria de testes de avaliação da aptidão física em laboratório envolve uma série de equipamentos sofisticados, principalmente quando o objetivo é a determinação da potência aeróbia (consumo máximo de oxigênio e limiar anaeróbio. Os equipamentos para obtenção desses índices são de alto custo financeiro e requerem profissionais com bom conhecimento, técnico e científico, para seu manuseio, além da impossibilidade de sua utilização para aplicar testes em grande escala. A análise da distância percorrida para determinado tempo ou, ainda, o tempo gasto para percorrer uma metragem prefixada, têm sido muito utilizados com o objetivo de estimar, ou refletir, a aptidão aeróbia, tanto em crianças como em adultos. A proposta deste estudo foi a de analisar a correlação entre os valores de consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx obtidos num teste de campo, no caso o teste de Cooper (TC, com os determinados através de método direto, em laboratório, além da tentativa de validar este teste de campo e outro, denominado teste de 4.000 metros, na predição do limiar anaeróbio (LA. Foram avaliados 63 jogadores de futebol de campo, com idade variando entre 15 e 20 anos; todos os atletas foram submetidos a três testes, sendo o primeiro realizado em laboratório e os dois subseqüentes em pista de atletismo, no prazo máximo de sete dias. No primeiro teste, realizado em esteira rolante, determinou-se o VO2 máx e o limiar anaeróbio ventilatório (LAV, com o uso de um sistema metabólico computadorizado; nos testes subseqüentes, realizados em campo, seguiu-se, respectivamente, o protocolo preconizado por Cooper (TC e uma corrida de 4.000 metros, em que se determinou o tempo gasto para o percurso determinado. Foi calculado o coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson (r e obtiveram-se como resultados: • A velocidade do LA mostrou correlação direta significante (r = 0,60 para p < 0,05 com a velocidade m

  8. 3D Bio-Printing Review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Du, Xianbin

    2018-01-01

    Ultimate goal of tissue engineering is to replace pathological or necrotic body tissue or organ by artificial tissue or organ and tissue engineering is a very promising research field. 3D bio-printing is a kind of emerging technologies and a branch of tissue engineering. It has made significant progress in the past decade. 3D bio-printing can realize tissue and organ construction in vitro and has wide application in basic research and pharmacy. This paper is to make an analysis and review on 3D bio-printing from the perspectives of bioink, printing technology and technology application.

  9. Bio fuels. Environment and Energy Aspects and Future Prospects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chiaramonti, D.; Grassi, G.; Tondi, G.; Martelli, F.

    2000-01-01

    The present work aims at describing some of the most important bio fuels (bio diesel, bio methanol, bi oethanol, bio-crude-oil). Environmental effects are also presented, as well as some cost data. Europe and USA are compared, when appropriate. The motivations for a justified and beneficial market penetration of bio fuels in urban areas are reported [it

  10. Bio-SimVerb and Bio-SimLex: wide-coverage evaluation sets of word similarity in biomedicine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiu, Billy; Pyysalo, Sampo; Vulić, Ivan; Korhonen, Anna

    2018-02-05

    Word representations support a variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The quality of these representations is typically assessed by comparing the distances in the induced vector spaces against human similarity judgements. Whereas comprehensive evaluation resources have recently been developed for the general domain, similar resources for biomedicine currently suffer from the lack of coverage, both in terms of word types included and with respect to the semantic distinctions. Notably, verbs have been excluded, although they are essential for the interpretation of biomedical language. Further, current resources do not discern between semantic similarity and semantic relatedness, although this has been proven as an important predictor of the usefulness of word representations and their performance in downstream applications. We present two novel comprehensive resources targeting the evaluation of word representations in biomedicine. These resources, Bio-SimVerb and Bio-SimLex, address the previously mentioned problems, and can be used for evaluations of verb and noun representations respectively. In our experiments, we have computed the Pearson's correlation between performances on intrinsic and extrinsic tasks using twelve popular state-of-the-art representation models (e.g. word2vec models). The intrinsic-extrinsic correlations using our datasets are notably higher than with previous intrinsic evaluation benchmarks such as UMNSRS and MayoSRS. In addition, when evaluating representation models for their abilities to capture verb and noun semantics individually, we show a considerable variation between performances across all models. Bio-SimVerb and Bio-SimLex enable intrinsic evaluation of word representations. This evaluation can serve as a predictor of performance on various downstream tasks in the biomedical domain. The results on Bio-SimVerb and Bio-SimLex using standard word representation models highlight the importance of developing dedicated

  11. Development and characterization of a new bio-nanocomposite (bio-NCP) for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martins, Murillo L., E-mail: murillolongo@gmail.com [Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen (Denmark); Instituto de Biociências – Universidade Estadual Paulista – CP 510, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP (Brazil); Saeki, Margarida Juri [Instituto de Biociências – Universidade Estadual Paulista – CP 510, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP (Brazil); Telling, Mark T.F. [ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 OQX (United Kingdom); Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford (United Kingdom); Parra, Joao P.R.L.L. [Instituto de Biociências – Universidade Estadual Paulista – CP 510, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP (Brazil); Landsgesell, Sven [Helmholtz–Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin (Germany); Smith, Ron I. [ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 OQX (United Kingdom); Bordallo, Heloisa N. [Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen (Denmark)

    2014-01-25

    Highlights: • We synthesized a magnetic bio-NCP with potential to be used against breast cancer. • The magnetic nanoparticles have an inverted spinel structure. • The coating with chitosan does not cause changes to the particle microstructure. • The hydration level of bio-NCP is crucial to the surface modification with apatite. • Bio-NCP with narrow size distribution and high magnetic response was obtained. -- Abstract: Breast cancer is a public health problem throughout the world. Moreover, breast cancer cells have a great affinity for hydroxyapatite, leading to a high occurrence of bone metastasis. In this work we developed a bio-nanocomposite (bio-NCP) in order to use such affinity in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The bio-NCP consists of magnetic nanoparticles of Mn and Zn ferrite inside a polymeric coating (chitosan) modified with nanocrystals of apatite. The materials were characterized with synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD), Time-of-Flight Neutron Powder Diffraction (NPD), Fourier Transformed Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and magnetic measurement with a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS). We obtained ferrite nanoparticles with a high inversion degree of the spinel structure regarding the Fe and Mn, but with all the Zn in the A site. The coating of such nanoparticles with chitosan had no notable effects to the ferrite microstructure. In addition, the polymeric surface can be easily modified with apatite nanocrystals since the hydration of the bio-NCP during synthesis can be controlled. The resulting bio-NCP presents a spherical shape with a narrow size distribution and high magnetic response at room temperature and is a very promising material for early diagnosis of breast cancer and its treatment.

  12. Exercício físico aeróbio, resistido e combinado: efeitos na pressão arterial em indivíduos hipertensos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julia Spanhol da Silva

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: analisar possíveis efeitos na pressão arterial de três sujeitos hipertensos, a partir da aplicação de três tipos de exercícios: aeróbio, resistido e combinado. Método: o estudo de caso utilizou, como instrumento, equipamento manual de verificação de pressão arterial, monitor de frequência cardíaca Polar, ficha de anotações da pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca. Os sujeitos analisados realizaram as atividades em academia do município de Passo Fundo-RS. Resultados e considerações finais: na PAS e na PAD, o exercício que obteve efeito hipotensor foi o resistido e na FC, o treinamento que obteve melhor resposta hipotensora foi também o treino resistido, seguido do treinamento combinado, em que o treinamento aeróbio apenas diminuiu seus valores de desvio padrão. Para tanto, conclui-se que, para estes indivíduos participantes do estudo, o melhor treinamento e os melhores resultados foram alcançados pelo treinamento resistido.

  13. BioSystems

    Data.gov (United States)

    U.S. Department of Health & Human Services — The NCBI BioSystems Database provides integrated access to biological systems and their component genes, proteins, and small molecules, as well as literature...

  14. A bio-energy plant in your neighborhood. Answers to your questions; Een bio-energiecentrale bij u in de buurt. Antwoorden op uw vragen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2008-06-15

    This brochure is intended for municipalities and initiators and discusses the following subjects: What is a bio-energy plant?; How large is a bio-energy plant?; What do you see?; Renewable energy: clean and always available; Bio-energy: what is it? [mk]. [Dutch] De brochure is bedoeld voor gemeenten en initiatiefnemers en behandelt de volgende onderwerpen: Wat is een bio-energiecentrale?; Hoe groot is een bio-energiecentrale?; Wat neem je waar?; Duurzame energie: schoon en altijd aanwezig; Bio-energie: wat is dat?.

  15. Bio-fuels of the first generation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-04-01

    After having briefly recalled the objective of use of renewable energies and the role bio-fuels may play, this publication briefly presents various bio-fuels: bio-diesel (from colza, soybean or sunflower oil), and ethanol (from beet, sugar cane, wheat or corn). Some key data regarding bio-fuel production and use in France are briefly commented. The publication outlines strengths (a positive energy assessment, a decreased dependency on imported fossil fuels and a higher supply safety, a diversification of agriculture revenues and prospects, a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) and weaknesses (uncertainty regarding the evolution of soil use, an environmental impact related to farming methods) of this sector. Actions undertaken by the ADEME in collaboration with other agencies and institutions are briefly overviewed

  16. Bio-methane. Challenges and technical solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blaisonneau, Laurent; Carlu, Elieta; Feuillette, Vincent

    2012-06-01

    Among the new energy sectors in development, biogas has many benefits: several valorization possibilities (bio-methane, electricity and heat), continuous production, easy storage. In Europe, and particularly in France, the bio-methane market will be in the next years a driver for the improvement of the economic, environmental and social performance of the actors of the value chain of biogas. ENEA releases a report on the current state of the bio-methane market in Europe. This publication mainly describes: An outlook of the market evolution and the corresponding stakes for the actors of this sector, the technical and economic characteristics, maturity level and specificities of each biogas upgrading process, An analysis of the French regulatory framework for bio-methane injection into the grid

  17. [La diagnosi del disturbo da uso di alcol dal punto di vista psicologico].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coriale, Giovanna; Fiorentino, Daniela; Porrari, Raffaella; Battagliese, Gemma; Capriglione, Ida; Cereatti, Federica; Iannuzzi, Silvia; Mauri, Benilde; Galli, Domenica; Fiore, Marco; Attilia, Maria Luisa; Ceccanti, Mauro

    2018-01-01

    RIASSUNTO. Il disturbo da uso di alcol (DUA) è uno dei disturbi psichiatrici più comuni nella popolazione generale. Il DUA è caratterizzato da un pattern di bere eccessivo, che si mantiene nonostante gli effetti negativi che l'alcol ha sul funzionamento lavorativo, sulla salute, sulle problematiche legali, sull'educazione e sulla vita sociale. Attualmente, il modello bio-psico-sociale è quello che spiega meglio il DUA. Infatti, molte ricerche hanno fornito evidenze su come il DUA sia una patologia multidimensionale. Variabili biologiche, psicologiche e socio-culturali entrano in gioco nell'eziologia, nella natura, nel mantenimento e nel cambiamento nel tempo del disturbo. La fase diagnostica è un momento importante del processo di cura, perché il successo del trattamento dipende in larga misura dall'esattezza e dall'adeguatezza della diagnosi. La diagnosi clinica si basa su una valutazione globale del funzionamento del paziente e utilizza il colloquio e gli strumenti psicometrici come mezzo di raccolta di informazioni. Questo articolo fornirà una panoramica delle dimensioni psicologiche più importanti da valutare e sui migliori strumenti psicometrici da usare per una diagnosi adeguata.

  18. Bio-fuels - biohazard

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Slovak, K.

    2008-01-01

    Politicians have a clear explanation for growing commodity prices. It is all the fault of speculators. It is easy to point the finger at an imaginary enemy. It is more difficult and from the point of view of a political career suicidal to admit one's mistakes. And there are reasons for remorse. According to studies prepared by the OECD and the World Bank bio-fuels are to be blame for high food prices. The bio-fuel boom that increases the demand for agro-commodities has been created by politicians offering generous subsidies. And so farming products do not end up on the table, but in the fuel tanks of cars in the form of additives. And their only efficiency is that they make food more expensive. The first relevant indication that environmentalist tendencies in global politics have resulted in shortages and food price increases can be found in a confidential report prepared by the World Bank. Parts of the report were leaked to the media last month. According to this information growing bio-fuel production has resulted in a food price increase by 75%. The theory that this development was caused by speculators and Chinese and Indian demand received a serious blow. And the OECD report definitely contradicted the excuse used by the politicians. According to the report one of the main reasons for growing food prices are generously subsidized bio-fuels. Their share of the increase of demand for agro-commodities in 2005 -2007 was 60% according to the study. (author)

  19. Bio-mimetic Flow Control

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Haecheon

    2009-11-01

    Bio-mimetic engineering or bio-mimetics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology (from Wikipedia). The concept itself is old, but successful developments have been made recently, especially in the research field of flow control. The objective of flow control based on the bio-mimetic approach is to develop novel concepts for reducing drag, increasing lift and enhancing aerodynamic performance. For skin friction reduction, a few ideas have been suggested such as the riblet from shark, compliant surface from dolphin, microbubble injection and multiple front-body curvature from penguin, and V-shaped protrusion from sailfish. For form drag reduction, several new attempts have been also made recently. Examples include the V-shaped spanwise grooves from saguaro cactus, overall shape of box fish, longitudinal grooves on scallop shell, bill of swordfish, hooked comb on owl wing, trailing-edge protrusion on dragonfly wing, and fillet. For the enhancement of aerodynamic performance, focuses have been made on the birds, fish and insects: e.g., double layered feather of landing bird, leading-edge serration of humpback-whale flipper, pectoral fin of flying fish, long tail on swallowtail-butterfly wing, wing flapping motion of dragonfly, and alula in birds. Living animals adapt their bodies to better performance in multi purposes, but engineering requires single purpose in most cases. Therefore, bio-mimetic approaches often produce excellent results more than expected. However, they are sometimes based on people's wrong understanding of nature and produce unwanted results. Successes and failures from bio-mimetic approaches in flow control will be discussed in the presentation.

  20. Development of production technology for bio diesel fuel and feasibility test of bio diesel engine (II)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Na, Y J; Ju, U S; Park, Y C [National Kyung Sang University (Korea, Republic of)

    1996-02-01

    At the beginning of the 21 st century two urgent tasks which our global countries would face with could be the security of the alternative energy source as a preparation against the fossil energy exhaustion and the development of the clean energy source to protect the environment from pollution. The above two problems should be solved together. The bio diesel oil which is made by methylesterfication of bio oil has very low sulfur content than does the diesel oil. Therefore, there is a great possibility to solve the pollution problem caused by the exhaust gas from diesel engine vehicles. So, bio oil has been attracted with attentions as an alternative and clean energy source. Advanced countries began early to develop the bio diesel oil suitable to their respective conditions. Recently their production stage have reached to the commercial level partially. The sudden increase of energy demand followed by a rapid growth of industry and the serious situation about the environmental pollution caused by the exhaust has from diesel engine vehicles occupying 42% of distribution among all vehicles have called attention of our government to consider the importance of alternative and clean energy sources for the future on the national scale. This study is consisted of three main parts; - The development of production technology for bio diesel oil. - The development of the atomization improvement method and nozzle for high viscous vegetable oils. - Feasibility test of bio diesel engine. (author) 119 refs., 52 tabs., 88 figs.

  1. Bio-oil production from cotton stalk

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zheng Jilu; Yi Weiming; Wang Nana

    2008-01-01

    Cotton stalk was fast pyrolyzed at temperatures between 480 deg. C and 530 deg. C in a fluidized bed, and the main product of bio-oil is obtained. The experimental result shows that the highest bio-oil yield of 55 wt% was obtained at 510 deg. C for cotton stalk. The chemical composition of the bio-oil acquired was analyzed by GC-MS, and its heat value, stability, miscibility and corrosion characteristics were determined. These results showed that the bio-oil obtained can be directly used as a fuel oil for combustion in a boiler or a furnace without any upgrading. Alternatively, the fuel can be refined to be used by vehicles. Furthermore, the energy performance of the pyrolysis process was analyzed. In the pyrolysis system used in our experiment, some improvements to former pyrolysis systems are done. Two screw feeders were used to prevent jamming the feeding system, and the condenser is equipped with some nozzles and a heat exchanger to cool quickly the cleaned hot gas into bio-oil

  2. BioProject

    Data.gov (United States)

    U.S. Department of Health & Human Services — The BioProject database provides an organizational framework to access information about research projects with links to data that have been or will be deposited...

  3. Bio-Based Polymers with Potential for Biodegradability

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas F. Garrison

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available A variety of renewable starting materials, such as sugars and polysaccharides, vegetable oils, lignin, pine resin derivatives, and proteins, have so far been investigated for the preparation of bio-based polymers. Among the various sources of bio-based feedstock, vegetable oils are one of the most widely used starting materials in the polymer industry due to their easy availability, low toxicity, and relative low cost. Another bio-based plastic of great interest is poly(lactic acid (PLA, widely used in multiple commercial applications nowadays. There is an intrinsic expectation that bio-based polymers are also biodegradable, but in reality there is no guarantee that polymers prepared from biorenewable feedstock exhibit significant or relevant biodegradability. Biodegradability studies are therefore crucial in order to assess the long-term environmental impact of such materials. This review presents a brief overview of the different classes of bio-based polymers, with a strong focus on vegetable oil-derived resins and PLA. An entire section is dedicated to a discussion of the literature addressing the biodegradability of bio-based polymers.

  4. The environmentally friendly technology for bio fuel production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bekers, M.; Danilevics, A.; Guriniece, E.; Gulbis, V.

    2003-01-01

    Full text: Bio fuel production and use have been discussed this time in EC and in Latvia as alternative energy sources. The national resources allow producing liquid fuels - bio diesel and bi oethanol from rape seeds and grain correspondingly. Liquid bio fuels can be recommended especially for auto transport in big towns to reduce the pollution of air. A system for environmentally friendly production of bio fuel from agricultural raw materials has been developed, which permit a complex utilization of byproducts an wastes for obtaining of valuable food-stuffs and industrial products, providing the agricultural production requirements and supporting with local mineral fertilizers. Such a bio fuel production includes the agricultural and industrial productions in a united biotechnological system. Production objects of system interact: the products, by-products and wastes from one object are used as raw materials, auxiliary materials or heat carriers in other system's objects. This integrated agro-industrial production system would allow the production of feeds and chemical products, along with bio fuels. In this work, a model of a system for a conventional administrative rural region is presented, exemplified with the case of Latvia. The model is developed for three forms of bio fuel production, i.e. ethanol, bio diesel and biogas as local energy source. Bio diesel is produced using ethanol as transesterifying agent of rape-seed oil fatty acids. This bio diesel is a blend of rape-seed oil fatty acid ethyl esters (REE) and consists solely from renewable raw materials. The capacity of distillery of system is 40 million litters per year and bio diesel 35000 ton. Important for agriculture is protein reach press cakes the byproduct from bio diesel production (66000 t/y). This byproduct can be exported as well. Biogas reactors of system can be used for utilization of wastes from town if necessary. Recommended bio system occupates up to 150.000 ha of agriculture lands

  5. Efeitos da suplementação carboidratada e de diferentes tipos de treinamento físico sobre as concentrações de células sanguíneas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Airton José Rombaldi

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A participação dos atletas em sessões de exercício intenso e prolongado pode fazer declinar o número circulante e a capacidade funcional dos leucócitos. Por outro lado, o consumo de uma solução carboidratada pode atenuar os efeitos imunossupressivos do exercício. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos do exercício aeróbio e anaeróbio, além da suplementação carboidratada sobre as concentrações sanguíneas da contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, hemoglobina e glicose sérica de ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e nove Ratos machos Wistar (60 dias foram divididos em seis grupos: sedentários não suplementados (n = 12 e suplementados (n = 12; treinados em estado estável máximo de lactato (EEML não suplementados (n = 11 e suplementados (n = 11; treinados em alta intensidade não suplementados (n = 12 e suplementados (n = 11. O protocolo de treinamento consistiu de oito semanas de natação em padrão contínuo em EEML (60 min.dia-1 ou intermitente (dois períodos de 30 minutos, com intervalo de 10 minutos, com sobrecargas correspondentes a 5% e 10% do peso corporal, respectivamente. Durante 37 dias os animais foram suplementados com uma dose diária de 0,48 g.kg-1 de maltodextrina dissolvida em água ou receberam água pura. RESULTADOS: Não houve efeito da suplementação carboidratada e dos dois tipos de treinamento nas concentrações de leucócitos sanguíneos. O exercício anaeróbio (p = 0,04 e o uso da maltodextrina (p = 0,003 proporcionaram elevações nas concentrações de hemoglobinas sanguíneas, enquanto o exercício aeróbio ocasionou aumento na concentração da glicose sérica (p < 0,02. CONCLUSÃO: Os diferentes tipos de exercícios não estiveram envolvidos com leucopenia, hipoglicemia ou anemia que poderiam levar a fadiga muscular precoce e queda do desempenho.

  6. Past, Present, and Future Production of Bio-oil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Steele, Philip; Yu, Fei; Gajjela, Sanjeev

    2009-04-01

    Bio-oil is a liquid product produced by fast pyrol-ysis of biomass. The fast pyrolysis is performed by heating the biomass rapidly (2 sec) at temperatures ranging from 350 to 650 oC. The vapors produced by this rapid heating are then condensed to produce a dark brown water-based emulsion composed of frag-ments of the original hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin molecules contained in the biomass. Yields range from 60 to 75% based on the feedstock type and the pyrolysis reactor employed. The bio-oil pro-duced by this process has a number of negative prop-erties that are produced mainly by the high oxygen content (40 to 50%) contributed by that contained in water (25 to 30% of total mass) and oxygenated compounds. Each bio-oil contains hundreds of chemi-cal compounds. The chemical composition of bio-oil renders it a very recalcitrant chemical compound. To date, the difficulties in utilizing bio-oil have limited its commercial development to the production of liq-uid smoke as food flavoring. Practitioners have at-tempted to utilize raw bio-oil as a fuel; they have also applied many techniques to upgrade bio-oil to a fuel. Attempts to utilize raw bio-oil as a combustion engine fuel have resulted in engine or turbine dam-age; however, Stirling engines have been shown to successfully combust raw bio-oil without damage. Utilization of raw bio-oil as a boiler fuel has met with more success and an ASTM standard has recently been released describing bio-oil characteristics in relation to assigned fuel grades. However, commercialization has been slow to follow and no reports of distribution of these bio-oil boiler fuels have been reported. Co-feeding raw bio-oil with coal has been successfully performed but no current power generation facilities are following this practice. Upgrading of bio-oils to hydrocarbons via hydroprocessing is being performed by several organizations. Currently, limited catalyst life is the obstacle to commercialization of this tech-nology. Researchers

  7. Tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto e sua eficiência na redução da viabilidade de ovos de helmintos Helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in sludge obtained by anaerobic digestion process

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosangela C. Paulino

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência e a viabilidade de ovos e larvas de helmintos e cistos de protozoários presentes em biossólido e em esgoto submetido ao tratamento anaeróbio em estações de tratamento de esgoto onde são empregados reatores anaeróbios de lodo fluidizado (RALF, na região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. Os parasitos presentes no esgoto e no lodo foram helmintos: Ascaris sp (85%, Toxocara sp (5,5%, Trichuris sp (4,5%, Hymenolepis diminuta (3,7%, H. nana (1% e Taenia sp (0,4%, Protozoários: Isospora sp, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana. Houve diferença significativa quanto ao número de ovos viáveis de helmintos presentes no material de quatro estações estudadas. A redução da viabilidade dos ovos de helmintos variou de 59,7 a 93%. No tratamento biológico baseado na digestão anaeróbia a eficácia depende do tempo e da temperatura. Novos tratamentos higienizantes são necessários para a utilização do lodo produzido por digestão anaeróbia na reciclagem em agricultura ou para outros objetivos visando reduzir o risco para saúde humana e animal.This study evaluates the prevalence and viability of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in sludge obtained by anaerobic treatment in four treatment stations in Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil. The parasites observed were helminths: Ascaris sp (85%, Toxocara sp (5.5%, Trichuris sp (4.5%, Hymenolepis diminuta (3.7%, H. nana (1% and Taenia sp (0.4%, protozoan: Isospora sp, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana. In biological treatment based on the anaerobic digestion the effectiveness depends on the duration and temperature. The treatment showed efficiency for pathogen reduction of between 59.7 to 93%. However, the number of helminth eggs found in treatment stations was still high and new higher performance treatment is necessary for land application or for other objectives

  8. BioSig - An application of Octave

    OpenAIRE

    Schlögl, Alois

    2006-01-01

    BioSig is an open source software library for biomedical signal processing. Most users in the field are using Matlab; however, significant effort was undertaken to provide compatibility to Octave, too. This effort has been widely successful, only some non-critical components relying on a graphical user interface are missing. Now, installing BioSig on Octave is as easy as on Matlab. Moreover, a benchmark test based on BioSig has been developed and the benchmark results of several platforms are...

  9. Recycling used palm oil and used engine oil to produce white bio oil, bio petroleum diesel and heavy fuel

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-abbas, Mustafa Hamid; Ibrahim, Wan Aini Wan; Sanagi, Mohd. Marsin

    2012-09-01

    Recycling waste materials produced in our daily life is considered as an additional resource of a wide range of materials and it conserves the environment. Used engine oil and used cooking oil are two oils disposed off in large quantities as a by-product of our daily life. This study aims at providing white bio oil, bio petroleum diesel and heavy fuel from the disposed oils. Toxic organic materials suspected to be present in the used engine oil were separated using vacuum column chromatography to reduce the time needed for the separation process and to avoid solvent usage. The compounds separated were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and found to contain toxic aromatic carboxylic acids. Used cooking oils (thermally cracked from usage) were collected and separated by vacuum column chromatography. White bio oil produced was examined by GC-MS. The white bio oil consists of non-toxic hydrocarbons and is found to be a good alternative to white mineral oil which is significantly used in food industry, cosmetics and drugs with the risk of containing polycyclic aromatic compounds which are carcinogenic and toxic. Different portions of the used cooking oil and used engine were mixed to produce several blends for use as heavy oil fuels. White bio oil was used to produce bio petroleum diesel by blending it with petroleum diesel and kerosene. The bio petroleum diesel produced passed the PETRONAS flash point and viscosity specification test. The heat of combustion of the two blends of heavy fuel produced was measured and one of the blends was burned to demonstrate its burning ability. Higher heat of combustion was obtained from the blend containing greater proportion of used engine oil. This study has provided a successful recycled alternative for white bio oil, bio petroleum fuel and diesel which can be an energy source.

  10. Core ethical values: EuropaBio.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2002-01-01

    EuropaBio, the European Association for BioIndustries, represents 40 companies operating world wide and 14 national association (totaling around 600 small and medium-sized enterprises) involved in the research, development, testing, manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution of biotechnology products and services in the fields of healthcare, agriculture, food and the environment.

  11. Bio-Research: About this journal

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Bio-Research: About this journal. Journal Home > Bio-Research: About this journal. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. Username, Password, Remember me, or Register · Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives. People. » Contact. Policies. » Focus and ...

  12. Bio-based chemicals - green, but also sustainable?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ögmundarson, Ólafur; Herrgard, Markus; Förster, Jochen

    For almost two decades, the chemical industry has put great effort into developing bio-chemicals,among others to fight global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, one of the biggest threats that are faced by our society today. To facilitate a growing and versatile bio-based chemical...... production, the US Department of Energy proposed in 2004 a list of 12 building block chemicals which can either be converged through biological or chemical conversions. Moving toward more bio-based chemicals, the chemical industry does not only claim to reduce climate change impacts, but also...... that they are increasing overall sustainability in chemical production. Whether such claims are justifiable is unclear. When sustainability of bio-based polymer production is assessed, various environmental trade-offs occur that need to be considered. It is not enough to claim that a bio-chemical is sustainable...

  13. Bioética e humanização como temas transversais na formação médica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Rego

    Full Text Available A bioética e a humanização da assistência à saúde da população ocupam um espaço estratégico nas discussões sobre as necessidades de mudança nos processos de formação médica. No presente artigo, busca-se uma discussão articulada entre esses temas, defendendo sua inserção transversal ao longo dos currículos de graduação em Medicina. Entendendo que o simples reconhecimento da importância do tema ou mesmo a incipiente presença desses temas nos currículos são insuficientes para promover mudanças no perfil dos profissionais formados - as quais podem ser esperadas pela adequada abordagem destes temas -, defende-se a preparação de programas de formação voltados para o conjunto de docentes envolvidos na formação profissional e a criteriosa escolha de métodos e técnicas pedagógicas que, amparados em fundamentos teóricos que expliquem o desenvolvimento da competência moral, possam efetivamente interferir neste processo.

  14. Promotion of hydrogen-rich gas and phenolic-rich bio-oil production from green macroalgae Cladophora glomerata via pyrolysis over its bio-char.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Norouzi, Omid; Jafarian, Sajedeh; Safari, Farid; Tavasoli, Ahmad; Nejati, Behnam

    2016-11-01

    Conversion of Cladophora glomerata (C. glomerata) as a Caspian Sea's green macroalgae into gaseous, liquid and solid products was carried out via pyrolysis at different temperatures to determine its potential for bio-oil and hydrogen-rich gas production for further industrial utilization. Non-catalytic tests were performed to determine the optimum condition for bio-oil production. The highest portion of bio-oil was retrieved at 500°C. The catalytic test was performed using the bio-char derived at 500°C as a catalyst. Effect of the addition of the algal bio-char on the composition of the bio-oil and also gaseous products was investigated. Pyrolysis derived bio-char was characterized by BET, FESEM and ICP method to show its surface area, porosity, and presence of inorganic metals on its surface, respectively. Phenols were increased from 8.5 to 20.76area% by the addition of bio-char. Moreover, the hydrogen concentration and hydrogen selectivity were also enhanced by the factors of 1.37, 1.59 respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Electro-active bio-films: formation, characterization and mechanisms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Parot, Sandrine

    2007-01-01

    Some bacteria, which are able to exchange electrons with a conductive material without mediator form on conductive surfaces electro-active bio-films. This bacterial property has been recently discovered (2001). Objectives of this work are to develop electro-active bio-films in various natural environments from indigenous flora, then through complementary electrochemical techniques (chrono-amperometry and cyclic voltammetry), to evaluate electro-activity of isolates coming from so-formed bio-films and to characterize mechanisms of electron transfer between bacteria and materials. First, electro-active bio-films have been developed under chrono-amperometry in garden compost and in water coming from Guyana mangrove. These bio-films were respectively able to use an electrode as electron acceptor (oxidation) or as electron donor (reduction). In compost, results obtained in chrono-amperometry and cyclic voltammetry suggest a two-step electron transfer: slow substrate consumption, then rapid electron transfer between bacteria and the electrode. Thereafter, the ability to reduce oxygen was demonstrated with cyclic voltammetry for facultative aerobic isolates from compost bio-films (Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) and for aerobic isolates obtained from marine electro-active bio-films (Roseobacter spp. in majority). Finally, bio-films inducing current increase in chrono-amperometry were developed in bioreactor with synthetic medium from a pure culture of isolates. Hence, for the first time, electro-activity of several anaerobic strains of Geobacter bremensis isolated from compost bio-films was highlighted. (author) [fr

  16. BioNet Digital Communications Framework

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gifford, Kevin; Kuzminsky, Sebastian; Williams, Shea

    2010-01-01

    BioNet v2 is a peer-to-peer middleware that enables digital communication devices to talk to each other. It provides a software development framework, standardized application, network-transparent device integration services, a flexible messaging model, and network communications for distributed applications. BioNet is an implementation of the Constellation Program Command, Control, Communications and Information (C3I) Interoperability specification, given in CxP 70022-01. The system architecture provides the necessary infrastructure for the integration of heterogeneous wired and wireless sensing and control devices into a unified data system with a standardized application interface, providing plug-and-play operation for hardware and software systems. BioNet v2 features a naming schema for mobility and coarse-grained localization information, data normalization within a network-transparent device driver framework, enabling of network communications to non-IP devices, and fine-grained application control of data subscription band width usage. BioNet directly integrates Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) as a communications technology, enabling networked communications with assets that are only intermittently connected including orbiting relay satellites and planetary rover vehicles.

  17. Análise da viabilidade de filtro anaeróbio de chicanas no pós-tratamento de esgotos sanitários.

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Vanessa Farias da

    2005-01-01

    O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de filtro anaeróbio de chicanas (FAC) no pós-tratamento de efluente anaeróbio, usando garrafas PET como material de enchimento. O experimento foi realizado em três fases, delimitado pelos três tempos de detenção hidráulicas, 7, 9 e 10 dias, respectivamente. As análises dos efluentes do reator UASB e do FAC foram realizadas semanalmente, averiguando a remoção de matéria orgânica na forma de DBO5 e DQO, sólidos e suas frações, nutrient...

  18. Bio energy: Environment and Environmental Engineering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Soma, Morten; Noreng, Katrina; Soerensen, Heidi; Teslo, Einar; Daehlen, Knut; Liodden, Ole Joergen; Wilhelmsen, Gunnar; Hohle, Erik Eid

    2001-01-01

    This is Chapter 5 of the book ''Bio energy - Environment, technique and market''. Its main sections are: (1) Environmental issues in the use of energy, (2) Environmental issues in the production of biomass, (3) Forestry, (4) Agriculture, (5) Environmental issues in fuel production and storage, (6) Environmental issues in combustion, (7) Environmental issues in using bio fuel, (8) Life cycle analyses, (9) Laws, regulations and norms for the use of bio fuel. Unlike the other sections, the one on laws is mostly concerned with Norwegian conditions

  19. Bio-nanopatterning of Surfaces

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yeung Chun

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available AbstractBio-nanopatterning of surfaces is a very active interdisciplinary field of research at the interface between biotechnology and nanotechnology. Precise patterning of biomolecules on surfaces with nanometre resolution has great potential in many medical and biological applications ranging from molecular diagnostics to advanced platforms for fundamental studies of molecular and cell biology. Bio-nanopatterning technology has advanced at a rapid pace in the last few years with a variety of patterning methodologies being developed for immobilising biomolecules such as DNA, peptides, proteins and viruses at the nanoscale on a broad range of substrates. In this review, the status of research and development are described, with particular focus on the recent advances on the use of nanolithographic techniques as tools for biomolecule immobilisation at the nanoscale. Present strengths and weaknesses, as well future challenges on the different nanolithographic bio-nanopatterning approaches are discussed.

  20. Upgrading biomass pyrolysis bio-oil to renewable fuels.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-01-01

    Fast pyrolysis is a process that can convert woody biomass to a crude bio-oil (pyrolysis oil). However, some of these compounds : contribute to bio-oil shelf life instability and difficulty in refining. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the bio-o...

  1. The evolution of formula-bio

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Maas, A.; Steinbuch, M.

    2013-01-01

    Formula-Bio started out as a dream of building a race car with only three students and thereby showing the world that everything is possible if you put your passion into it. In this internship report the story of Formula-Bio and the reasoning behind the FB01 can be found. A large part of the report

  2. Bio-technology drawing attention for solution of environmental problems. Kankyo mondai kaiketsu demo chumokusareru bio technology

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shimazaki, A [Bank of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

    1991-06-01

    Explanations are given on the recent movements in the bio-technology applications. In the United States, gene therapy has been applied to patients having damaged immune system, while in Japan the first outdoor experiment is about to begin this year on gene recombined tomatoes. In the area of the marine bio-technology, researches carried out by the industrial, governmental, and academic sectors combined, led by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry have begun, which include such an attractive subject as finding out new kinds of algae living on carbon dioxide as their special favorite diet to use them to prevent the earth warming-up. On the other hand, the difficulty of bio-business is represented by the fact that venture business groups are absorbed into larger chemical companies. In Japan, the bio-business established in individual regions related to soy bean paste and Shoyu sauce industry is a distinct feature. Deregulations and review on the patent system are in progress in the United States and Germany aiming at strengthening the business competitiveness. Expectation is placed on the bio-technology that it will contribute largely in the future to solving such a critical environmental problem as experienced in the Persian Gulf war. 1 tab.

  3. Bioenergy Status Document 2012; Statusdocument Bio-energie 2012

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bles, M.; Schepers, B.; Van Grinsven, A.; Bergsma, G.; Croezen, H. [CE Delft, Delft (Netherlands)

    2013-05-15

    In addition to a review and characterisation of the current situation, the report contains an update on government policies on bio-energy and a review of the sources and sustainability of the biomass used in the Netherlands [Dutch] Het statusdocument bio-energie 2012 geeft de huidige status weer van bio-energie in Nederland, inclusief trends en verwachtingen voor de toekomst. Het doel van dit document is inzicht verstrekken in de ontwikkelingen van bio-energie, voor overheden en marktpartijen.

  4. Bioética e avaliação tecnológica em saúde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Schramm Fermin Roland

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available A vigência simultânea do paradigma biotecnocientífico (que incentiva a incorporação tecnológica e da cultura dos limites (que seleciona as tecnologias constitui um grande desafio aos sistemas sanitários atuais, suscitando debates éticos e políticos sobre as escolhas a serem feitas. A avaliação tecnológica em saúde diz respeito à análise das conseqüências dos cuidados em saúde e das políticas de saúde, e apresenta pontos de interseção com a bioética, apesar de serem campos distintos. A importância das implicações éticas e sociais da avaliação tecnológica é cada vez mais reconhecida, mas a maioria das publicações tem enfatizado apenas os aspectos metodológicos e científicos. Existem vários tipos de interesses envolvidos na incorporação tecnológica, fontes de conflitos de valores. As implicações éticas incluem aquelas relativas aos ensaios clínicos para aferir sua eficácia; à avaliação da boa ou má prática médica; à forma de incorporar as novas tecnologias e à sua efetividade; ao acesso e à alocação de recursos disponíveis. A incorporação da dimensão ética na avaliação tecnológica possibilitará melhor compreensão da prática de saúde e um avanço em direção ao seu aprimoramento.

  5. 2nd generation biogas. BioSNG

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zwart, R.W.R.

    2008-11-01

    The substitution of natural gas by a renewable equivalent is an interesting option to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the accompanying greenhouse gas emissions, as well as from the point of view of security of supply. The renewable alternative for natural gas is green natural gas, i.e. gaseous energy carriers produced from biomass comprising both biogas and Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG). Via this route can be benefited from all the advantages of natural gas, like the existing dense infrastructure, trade and supply network, and natural gas applications. In this presentation attention is paid to the differences between first generation biogas and second generation bioSNG; the market for bioSNG: grid injection vs. transportation fuel; latest update on the lab- and pilot-scale bioSNG development at ECN; and an overview is given of ongoing bioSNG activities worldwide

  6. Bio fuels. A comparative analysis; Biokraftstoffe. Eine vergleichende Analyse

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmitz, Norbert; Henke, Jan; Klepper, Gernot

    2009-07-01

    The market for bio fuels is subject to very high dynamics worldwide. Due to the extreme rise of the prices of raw materials as well as due to the retrogressive tax reductions for bio fuels in Germany one hardly invests in bio fuels. Substantial changes are experienced in the markets for fossil raw materials. The prices for agrarian raw material used in this contribution originate from the years 2006 and 2007. The effects of clearly higher oil prices on the bio fuel market are described. The investigation under consideration also deals with criteria of sustainability. The contribution of the individual bio fuels to the reduction of greenhouse gases is analyzed. The costs resulting from this are numerated. This enables a well-established comparison in which less representative bio fuels such as bio methane, BtL fuels and cellulose ethanol also are included.

  7. BioBlend.objects: metacomputing with Galaxy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leo, Simone; Pireddu, Luca; Cuccuru, Gianmauro; Lianas, Luca; Soranzo, Nicola; Afgan, Enis; Zanetti, Gianluigi

    2014-10-01

    BioBlend.objects is a new component of the BioBlend package, adding an object-oriented interface for the Galaxy REST-based application programming interface. It improves support for metacomputing on Galaxy entities by providing higher-level functionality and allowing users to more easily create programs to explore, query and create Galaxy datasets and workflows. BioBlend.objects is available online at https://github.com/afgane/bioblend. The new object-oriented API is implemented by the galaxy/objects subpackage. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press.

  8. Ambientes virtuales y colaborativos de aprendizaje. Su aplicación al curso BioPython

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jenny Navas Muñoz

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente documento permite examinar la tecnología aplicada a la educación virtual y la educación a distancia con relación a la metodología del curso-taller BioPython donde se hace necesario el uso aspectos colaborativos (groupware technology para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. El objetivo del curso-taller BioPython1 es enseñar a programar a biólogos, a diseñar algoritmos y expresarlos como programas escritos en un lenguaje de programación para poder ejecutarlos en un computador. La estructura del presente documento es como sigue, inicialmente se da una introducción al contenido tocando temas tales como aspectos metodológicos relativos a la educación virtual y a distancia. Las características de los ambientes colaborativos que soportan estas tareas se abordarán en la segunda sección, un caso particular de estudio será descrito en la tercera sección. El escenario será el curso-taller Python para biólogos que tuvo lugar en CIAT en el mes de diciembre.

  9. Desinfecção de efluente anaeróbio com o uso de ozônio/cloro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o processo de oxidação, a eficiência da inativação de coliformes e a formação de subprodutos da ozonização, associado com a desinfecção de efluente sanitário anaeróbio proveniente de um reator UASB. Tal evento foi realizado por meio da aplicação das dosagens de ozônio de 5,0 mg.O3.L-1+ 10 mg.Cl2.L-1 (ensaio 1; 8,0 mg.O3.L-1+ 20 mg.Cl2.L-1 (ensaio 2 e 10,0 mg.O3.L-1+ 30 mg.Cl2.L-1 (ensaio 3. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se efluente da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto da Universidade de São Paulo, no Brasil. As reduções médias totais da demanda química de oxigênio para os efluentes ozonizados/clorados foram de 9, 32 e 37% para os ensaios 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. A inativação dos coliformes totais variou de >5,7 até 6,4 log10 e >5,8 até >6,0 log10para Escherichia coli. A formação de aldeídos não sofreu mudanças significativas (p=0,05 para as dosagens e os tempos de contato aplicados após os ensaios de ozonização/cloração.

  10. Postura, tônus e mobilidade de lábios e língua de crianças respiradoras orais Posture, lips and tongue tone and mobility of mouth breathing children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Assumpção de Andrada e Silva

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: caracterizar a postura, o tônus e a mobilidade dos lábios e da língua de crianças respiradoras orais. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo realizado em São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 40 crianças respiradoras orais, sendo 26 (65% do sexo masculino e 14 (35% do sexo feminino, com idades entre 7 e 10 anos. Utilizou-se o protocolo MBGR para avaliação dos aspectos analisados. RESULTADOS: foram encontrados os seguintes achados para postura dos lábios: entreabertos (32,5%, alternância entre abertos e fechados (27,5%, abertos (22,5% e fechados (17,5%. Em relação ao tônus do lábio superior: 90% apresentaram tônus normal, 10% diminuído e nenhuma com tônus aumentado. Quanto ao tônus de lábio inferior, 80,0% das crianças apresentaram tônus diminuído e 20,0% normal. No item mobilidade dos lábios, 100,0% apresentaram mobilidade mais próxima dos melhores escores. Em relação à postura habitual da língua, em 57,5% esta estrutura permaneceu no assoalho, em 32,5% não foi possível observar sua posição e em 10,0% se encontrava em posição interdental. Quanto ao tônus da língua, 52,5% apresentaram tônus diminuído e 47,5% normal. Na avaliação de mobilidade de língua, 100,0% apresentaram mobilidade mais próxima dos melhores escores. CONCLUSÃO: as características de postura, tônus e mobilidade dos lábios das crianças respiradoras orais estudadas foram: lábios entreabertos, lábio superior com tônus normal, lábio inferior com tônus diminuído e mobilidade normal. Em relação à língua: postura no assoalho da boca, tônus diminuído e mobilidade normal.PURPOSE: to characterize lips and tongue posture, tone and mobility of mouth breathing children. METHOD: the subjects of this study, conducted in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, were 40 mouth breathing children, 26 (65% male and 14 (35% female, aging between 7 and 10-year old. MBGR protocol was used to evaluate the aforementioned aspects. RESULTS: the following results were obtained

  11. Life-Cycle Assessment of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Production*

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Steele, Philip; Puettmann, Maureen E.; Penmetsa, Venkata Kanthi; Cooper, Jerome E.

    2012-07-01

    As part ofthe Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials' Phase I life-cycle assessments ofbiofuels, lifecycle inventory burdens from the production of bio-oil were developed and compared with measures for residual fuel oil. Bio-oil feedstock was produced using whole southern pine (Pinus taeda) trees, chipped, and converted into bio-oil by fast pyrolysis. Input parameters and mass and energy balances were derived with Aspen. Mass and energy balances were input to SimaPro to determine the environmental performance of bio-oil compared with residual fuel oil as a heating fuel. Equivalent functional units of 1 MJ were used for demonstrating environmental preference in impact categories, such as fossil fuel use and global warming potential. Results showed near carbon neutrality of the bio-oil. Substituting bio-oil for residual fuel oil, based on the relative carbon emissions of the two fuels, estimated a reduction in CO2 emissions by 0.075 kg CO2 per MJ of fuel combustion or a 70 percent reduction in emission over residual fuel oil. The bio-oil production life-cycle stage consumed 92 percent of the total cradle-to-grave energy requirements, while feedstock collection, preparation, and transportation consumed 4 percent each. This model provides a framework to better understand the major factors affecting greenhouse gas emissions related to bio-oil production and conversion to boiler fuel during fast pyrolysis.

  12. French bio-diesel demand and promoting measures analysis by 2010

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernard, F.

    2008-02-01

    The researches presented aim at assessing bio-diesel promoting measures under consideration in France by 2010. This assessment is based on a deep study of French bio-diesel demand. The use of a linear model for optimizing the whole French refining industry costs allow us to take into account the physicochemical characteristics of bio-diesel useful for gas oil blending operation. This researches show that bio-diesel can be incorporated up to 27% blend in volume to diesel fuel without major technical problem. A decomposition of the value allotted to the bio-diesel by French refiners according to its physicochemical characteristics shows that energy content is the most disadvantageous characteristics for bio-diesel incorporation and, up to 17%, density become also constraining. However, the low bio-diesel sulphur content could become interesting from now to 2010. On the basis of this bio-diesel demand analysis, we proceed to an external coupling of an agro-industrial model of bio-diesel supply with the French refining model. Thus, we study the impact of the 2010 French bio-diesel consumption objective on agricultural surface need, the competitiveness of the bio-diesel, the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and the trade balance of the petroleum products. On this basis, we propose a critical analysis of French bio-diesel promoting measures under consideration by 2010. (author)

  13. Bio-oil production through pyrolysis of blue-green algae blooms (BGAB): Product distribution and bio-oil characterization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hu, Zhiquan; Zheng, Yang; Yan, Feng; Xiao, Bo; Liu, Shiming

    2013-01-01

    Pyrolysis experiments of blue-green algae blooms (BGAB) were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor to determine the effects of pyrolysis temperature, particle size and sweep gas flow rate on pyrolysis product yields and bio-oil properties. The pyrolysis temperature, particle size and sweep gas flow rate were varied in the ranges of 300–700 °C, below 0.25–2.5 mm and 50–400 mL min −1 , respectively. The maximum oil yield of 54.97% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, particle size below 0.25 mm and sweep gas flow rate of 100 mL min −1 . The elemental analysis and calorific value of the oil were determined, and the chemical composition of the oil was investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) technique. The analysis of bio-oil composition showed that bio-oil from BGAB could be a potential source of renewable fuel with a heating value of 31.9 MJ kg −1 . - Highlights: ► Bio-oil production from pyrolysis of blue-green algae blooms in fixed bed reactor. ► Effects of pyrolysis conditions on product distribution were investigated. ► The maximum bio-oil yield reached 54.97 wt %. ► The bio-oil has high heating value and may be suitable as renewable fuel. ► Pyrolysis of algal biomass beneficial for energy recovery, eutrophication control

  14. El buen vivir y el no consumo como modelos de desarrollo desde la perspectiva de la bioética global

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Omar Cabrales Salazar

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se explica la relación de la actividad industrial con los modelos o ideales de progreso occidental, los cuales están estrechamente ligados al concepto de consumo y crecimiento económico; entornos que le dan sentido a la existencia humana durante la época contemporánea. Asimismo, se plantean postulados para argumentar el fin de la Modernidad y de la idea de progreso occidental, argumentando la necesidad de implementar otros modelos sociales y económicos, desde una perspectiva bioética, en los que prime la compensación ante el daño ambiental y social generado por la explotación de los recursos naturales durante el periodo de la industrialización. De igual forma, se postula un nuevo modelo de decrecimiento económico y de reducción del consumo, estructu - rado en el concepto quechua de buen vivir o sumak kawsay , que hace referencia al equilibrio generado al llevar una vida digna, que se ve reflejado a la hora de satisfacer las necesidades básicas entre el consumo racional mesurado y la conciencia del cuidado del planeta, para mitigar los daños al ecosistema como una alternativa fundante desde la perspectiva la bioética global.

  15. Treinamento aeróbio não altera pressão arterial de mulheres menopausadas e com síndrome metabólica Aerobic training does not alter blood pressure in menopausal women with metabolic syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aluísio Henrique Rodrigues de Andrade Lima

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A Hipertensão arterial (HA é uma condição tanto agravante quanto agravada pela Síndrome Metabólica (SM. A menopausa pode tornar o tratamento da hipertensão mais difícil porque é uma condição que favorece a piora nos componentes da SM. Embora existam evidências de que o treinamento com exercícios físicos reduza a pressão arterial, se as condições da menopausa e da SM afetam os benefícios induzidos pelo exercício é algo ainda não evidenciado. OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio na pressão arterial entre mulheres com SM não menopausadas e menopausadas. MÉTODOS: Foram recrutadas 44 mulheres divididas em quatro grupos experimentais: controle não menopausada (CNM: 39,5 ± 1,1 anos, n = 11; controle menopausada (CM: 54,9 ± 1,7 anos, n = 12; aeróbio não menopausada (ANM: 43,1 ± 2,1 anos, n = 11 e aeróbio menopausada (AM: 52,1 ± 1,6 anos, n = 10. Os grupos de exercício realizaram treinamento aeróbio durante três meses, cinco vezes por semana, com intensidade entre 60% e 70% da frequência cardíaca de reserva. A pressão arterial de repouso e a resposta pressórica clínica após 60 minutos de exercício foram medidas antes e após o período treinamento. O teste de ANOVA de dois fatores foi usado, considerando p 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: Três meses de treinamento aeróbio melhora componentes da SM, mas não altera a pressão arterial de repouso, nem a resposta pressórica aguda após uma sessão de exercício aeróbio em mulheres com SM.BACKGROUND: Arterial Hypertension (AH is an aggravating condition for Metabolic Syndrome (MS, as well as being aggravated by it. Menopause can make hypertension treatment more difficult, as it favors the worsening of MS components. Although there is evidence that exercise training reduces blood pressure, whether menopause and SM affect the exercise-induced benefits is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of aerobic training on blood pressure in

  16. Optimum concrete compression strength using bio-enzyme

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bagio Tony Hartono

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available To make concrete with high compressive strength and has a certain concrete specifications other than the main concrete materials are also needed concrete mix quality control and other added material is also in line with the current technology of concrete mix that produces concrete with specific characteristics. Addition of bio enzyme on five concrete mixture that will be compared with normal concrete in order to know the optimum level bio-enzyme in concrete to increase the strength of the concrete. Concrete with bio-enzyme 200 ml/m3, 400 ml/m3, 600 ml/m3, 800 ml/m3, 1000 ml/m3 and normal concrete. Refer to the crushing test result, its tends to the mathematical model using 4th degree polynomial regression (least quartic, as represent on the attached data series, which is for the design mix fc′ = 25 MPa generate optimum value for 33,98 MPa, on the bio-additive dosage of 509 ml bio enzymes.

  17. Briquetting mechanism and waterproof performance of bio-briquette

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, G.; Chen, L.; Cao, J. [Henen Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo (China)

    2008-07-15

    Maize stalk and bio-briquette binder made from it were studied comparatively by FTIR and the microstructure of bio-briquette was observed and analyzed by microscopy. It was found that a large amount of unreacted biomass fibers exist in the binder. These form a multi-level network structure inside the bio-briquette and could make fine coal particles connect together. The multi-level network structure would be still present after the bio-briquettes are immersed in water for 24 hours. On the other hand, stalk materials could be partly degraded after treatment and, with other liquid ingredients in the binder, the degradation products could form a viscous fluid which would work as a bonding ingredient inside the bio-briquette and could improve the waterproofing ability of the binder after solidification. Therefore, the multi-level network structure of the biomaterial and the presence of viscous fluid are very important to the shaping and the improvement of the waterproofing ability of bio-briquettes. 11 refs., 3 figs.

  18. Future bio-energy potential under various natural constraints

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vuuren, Detlef P. van; Vliet, Jasper van; Stehfest, Elke

    2009-01-01

    Potentials for bio-energy have been estimated earlier on the basis of estimates of potentially available land, excluding certain types of land use or land cover (land required for food production and forests). In this paper, we explore how such estimates may be influenced by other factors such as land degradation, water scarcity and biodiversity concerns. Our analysis indicates that of the original bio-energy potential estimate of 150, 80 EJ occurs in areas classified as from mild to severe land degradation, water stress, or with high biodiversity value. Yield estimates were also found to have a significant impact on potential estimates. A further 12.5% increase in global yields would lead to an increase in bio-energy potential of about 50%. Changes in bio-energy potential are shown to have a direct impact on bio-energy use in the energy model TIMER, although the relevant factor is the bio-energy potential at different cost levels and not the overall potential.

  19. Bio-based liquid crystalline polyesters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilsens, Carolus; Rastogi, Sanjay; Dutch Collaboration

    2013-03-01

    The reported thin-film polymerization has been used as a screening method in order to find bio-based liquid crystalline polyesters with convenient melting temperatures for melt-processing purposes. An in depth study of the structural, morphological and chemical changes occurring during the ongoing polycondensation reactions of these polymers have been performed. Structural and conformational changes during polymerization for different compositions have been followed by time resolved X-ray and Infrared spectroscopy. In this study, bio-based monomers such as vanillic acid and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid are successfully incorporated in liquid crystalline polyesters and it is shown that bio-based liquid crystalline polymers with high aromatic content and convenient processing temperatures can be synthesized. Special thanks to the Dutch Polymer Institute for financial support

  20. Microneedle, bio-microneedle and bio-inspired microneedle: A review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Guojun; Wu, Chengwei

    2017-04-10

    Microneedles (MNs) are micro-scale needles used for drug delivery and other targets. Micro-scale size endows them with many advantages over hypodermic needles, including painlessness, minimal invasiveness and convenient operation, but it may also lead to risk of mechanical failures, which should be prevented in the clinical applications of MNs. The objective of this review is mainly to introduce studies on the mechanics problems with respect to MNs. Firstly, the basic knowledge of MNs is introduced in brief, so that readers can understand the basic characteristics of MNs. Secondly, researches on inserting behavior and mechanical performances of MNs are discussed. Thirdly, literatures on the drug delivery and the pain resulted from the insertion of MNs are overviewed. Finally, some bio-microneedles and bio-inspired MNs are introduced. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Bio Engineering Laboratory

    Data.gov (United States)

    Federal Laboratory Consortium — Description/History: Chemistry and biology laboratoriesThe Bio Engineering Laboratory (BeL) is theonly full spectrum biotechnology capability within the Department...

  2. Beclometasone oral--DOR BioPharma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-01-01

    orBec is an oral enteric-coated tablet formulation of the corticosteroid beclometasone, which has been developed by Enteron Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Corporate Technology Development (now DOR BioPharma). orBec is being developed for the treatment of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and an NDA has been filed in the US. DOR BioPharma has also filed an MAA in Europe for the same indication.orBec is designed to reduce the need for systemic immunosuppressive drugs, thereby improving the outcome of bone marrow and stem cell transplantation.DOR BioPharma may seek a marketing partner in the US and elsewhere for orBec in GVHD and will seek a partner for other potential indications of the drug.In December 2001, Corporate Technology Development was acquired by Endorex Corporation (now DOR BioPharma). In October 1998, Enteron Pharmaceuticals (DOR BioPharma) entered into an exclusive, worldwide, royalty bearing license agreement with George B. McDonald, MD, including the right to grant sublicenses, for the rights to the intellectual property and know-how relating to orBec. In January 2007, DOR BioPharma received $US3 million under a non-binding letter of intent from Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals. The agreement grants Sigma-Tau an exclusive right to negotiate terms and conditions for a possible business transaction or strategic alliance regarding orBec and potentially other DOR pipeline compounds until 1 March 2007. Under the terms of the agreement, Sigma-Tau purchased $US1 million of DOR's common stock, with an additional $US2 million paid in cash. If no agreement is reached by 1 March 2007, DOR will return the $US2 million to Sigma-Tau within 60 days. DOR BioPharma received an unsolicited proposal from Cell Therapeutics, Inc. to acquire DOR BioPharma in January 2007. Because of the non-binding agreement already signed with Sigma-Tau, DOR BioPharma's board of directors cannot consider Cell Therapeutics' merger proposal at this time. orBec has been filed for

  3. Ética e bioética: o que os alunos do sexto ano médico têm a dizer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Camargo

    Full Text Available A formação ética e bioética é fundamental para a humanização do atendimento preconizada pela política de saúde no Brasil e para o desenvolvimento de um profissional crítico.Estudos recentes revelam que Ética e Bioética têm carga horária restrita nos cursos médicos. Ressalta-se, ainda, sua importância diante do grande número de denúncias contra médicos recebido pelos Conselhos Regionais de Medicina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a percepção sobre questões éticas e bioéticas dos alunos do sexto ano médico, que, portanto, logo estariam ingressando no mercado de trabalho. Foram entregues questionários autoaplicáveis com perguntas abertas e fechadas aototal de 93 matriculados, dos quais 70 responderam. Os alunos consideraram a formação curricular acadêmica e o exemplo prático dos professores como importantes fontes de aprendizado da Ética e Bioética. Este fato contrapõe-se à insatisfação quanto à forma de abordagem do tema na graduação. O estudo tornou evidente a existência de deficiências no ensino que devem ser supridas a fim de aprimorar a formação ética e a prática médica.

  4. Microbial biodiversity of Tang and Pirgal mud volcanoes and evaluation of bio-emulsifier and bio-demulsifier activities of Capnophile bacteria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yasaman Parsia

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The data presented in this article is related to the Master thesis; entitled “Survey Aerobic Microbial Diversity Mud Volcanoes in Chabahar and Khash Ports in Southern Iran” by the first author of this article, year 2011, Islamic Azad University, Iran (reference number (Parsia, 2011 [1] of this article. This article shows microbial biodiversity and evaluates bio-emulsifier and bio-demulsifier abilities of capnophile isolates, in order to introduce a superior isolate for the Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR process in the petrochemical industry. Keywords: Mud volcanoes, Biodiversity, Bio-emulsification, Bio-demulsification, Petrochemistry

  5. Branding the bio/biomedical engineering degree.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Voigt, Herbert F

    2011-01-01

    The future challenges to medical and biological engineering, sometimes referred to as biomedical engineering or simply bioengineering, are many. Some of these are identifiable now and others will emerge from time to time as new technologies are introduced and harnessed. There is a fundamental issue regarding "Branding the bio/biomedical engineering degree" that requires a common understanding of what is meant by a B.S. degree in Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, or Biological Engineering. In this paper we address some of the issues involved in branding the Bio/Biomedical Engineering degree, with the aim of clarifying the Bio/Biomedical Engineering brand.

  6. BioMEMS

    CERN Document Server

    Urban, Gerald A

    2007-01-01

    Explosive growth in the field of Microsystem Technology has introduced a variety of promising products in major disciplines from microelectronics to life sciences. 'Biomes' is a discipline which focuses on microsystems for living systems. This work presents the exciting field of bio-microsystems.

  7. Bio-dosimetry for radiation-exposed individuals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sauvaigo, Sylvie; Chapuis, Violaine; Caillat, Sylvain; Sarrazy, Fanny; Breton, Jean

    2013-01-01

    Exposure of civil populations to genotoxic chemicals or radioactive hazard is an increased concern. It is not only an industrial risk (chemistry plant accident for example) but also a national security problem due to the threat of radiological and nuclear terrorism. It is important to anticipate the need of a bio-dosimetry tool aimed at identifying exposed population in the absence of acute syndrome, in order to assure the medical care that would prevent carcinogenic consequences. DNA repair is a bio-marker of exposure to geno-toxics in individuals. A DNA repair signature can be assessed from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) that reflects the exposure history of the individuals, using a functional enzymatic assay on bio-chip. A proof of concept was obtained using PBMCs from patients undergoing radiotherapy regimen. We identified two classes of responses among patients, if we except a very atypical signature in one patient that could reflect defects in DNA repair. Interestingly, repair of the major oxidative lesions increased during the course of the radiotherapy. We propose to implement this fast, quantitative, possibly automatized assay to identify bio-markers of exposure to geno-toxics and to validate the exposure bio-markers through ex vivo exposure of blood from volunteers. (authors)

  8. Bio-assessment of water pollution in coal belt

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mishra, P.K.

    1998-01-01

    Water pollution in coal belt has attracted attention of scientists as well as general people. Implication of water pollution on bio-system is still a more important issue and a lot of information has been accumulated. Apart from conventional methods of pollution monitoring, bio-monitoring is comparatively a new approach and a proper methodology is still in pipeline. The present study reviews various methods of bio-monitoring and compare various methodologies suggested at population level with conventional methods. The results indicated that the bio-assessment methodology can be a tool and hence be developed. (author)

  9. How big is the bio-business? Notes on measuring the size of the Dutch bio-economy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Heijman, Wim

    2016-01-01

    This paper focuses on the size of the Dutch bio-economy. With the help of consolidated input-output tables, the size of the bio-economy in terms of value added is estimated for the years 2008-2012. It appears that in the Netherlands, during the period indicated, its share in national production

  10. A figura astuta da igualdade no discurso da Justiça Restaurativa The astute figure of equality on Restorative Justice discourse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Betina Schuler

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo problematiza o conceito de igualdade, tal como um valor de verdade, funcionando no discurso da Justiça Restaurativa, a partir da análise de práticas discursivas na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Discurso que opera na lógica da inclusão de todos no espaço escolar, apostando na existência do funcionamento igual do humano e a escola tendo a função dessa formação. Uma inclusão que, ao mesmo tempo, afirma um "espaço de dentro" e um suposto "eu" das ciências humanas, agora atravessadas pelas ciências jurídicas. Vivemos uma biopolítica contemporânea que, buscando o gerenciamento do risco, mesmo que em potencial, produz um achatamento do que não se constituiu como mesmidade, na tentativa de garantir os "direitos de todos", pois este seria o preço cobrado pelo contrato da igualdade. Um discurso que funciona pela "defesa" das diferenças, trabalhada como o outro da identidade a ser resgatado e tornado igual. Uma biopolítica em nome da defesa da sociedade por meio do autogoverno num pan-óptico generalizado. E, junto a tais movimentos, poderíamos pensar em práticas de resistência que buscariam outras experimentações nesse campo educacional, tal como brechas de respiro, não para buscar instalar, então, uma verdade ainda mais verdadeira, mas justamente se colocando nesse jogo da verdade na problematização dos modos como estamos sendo governados e as implicações disso em nosso presente. Talvez um apostar em práticas pontuais, não generalizadas, desapegando-se de tantas identidades e encaminhamentos já disponíveis.This article discusses the concept of equality, such as a truth value functioning in the discourse of Restorative Justice from the analysis of discursive practices in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. A discourse which operates in the logic of inclusion of everyone in the school space, which believes on an existence of human equal functioning, and the school having this compulsory formation. An inclusion which

  11. Quercetin as natural stabilizing agent for bio-polymer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Morici, Elisabetta [Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo (Italy); Arrigo, Rossella; Dintcheva, Nadka Tzankova [Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo (Italy)

    2014-05-15

    The introduction of antioxidants in polymers is the main way to prevent or delay the degradation process. In particular natural antioxidants receive attention in the food industry also because of their presumed safety. In this work bio-polymers, i.e. a commercial starch-based polymer (Mater-Bi®) and a bio-polyester (PLA), and a bio-polyether (PEO) were additivated with quercetin, a natural flavonoid antioxidants, in order to formulate bio-based films for ecosustainable packaging and outdoor applications. The photo-oxidation behavior of unstabilized and quercetin stabilized films was analyzed and compared with the behavior of films additivated with a commercial synthetic light stabilizer. The quercetin is able to slow down the photo-degradation rate of all bio-polymeric films investigated in similar way to the synthetic stabilizer.

  12. Quercetin as natural stabilizing agent for bio-polymer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morici, Elisabetta; Arrigo, Rossella; Dintcheva, Nadka Tzankova

    2014-05-01

    The introduction of antioxidants in polymers is the main way to prevent or delay the degradation process. In particular natural antioxidants receive attention in the food industry also because of their presumed safety. In this work bio-polymers, i.e. a commercial starch-based polymer (Mater-Bi®) and a bio-polyester (PLA), and a bio-polyether (PEO) were additivated with quercetin, a natural flavonoid antioxidants, in order to formulate bio-based films for ecosustainable packaging and outdoor applications. The photo-oxidation behavior of unstabilized and quercetin stabilized films was analyzed and compared with the behavior of films additivated with a commercial synthetic light stabilizer. The quercetin is able to slow down the photo-degradation rate of all bio-polymeric films investigated in similar way to the synthetic stabilizer.

  13. Quercetin as natural stabilizing agent for bio-polymer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morici, Elisabetta; Arrigo, Rossella; Dintcheva, Nadka Tzankova

    2014-01-01

    The introduction of antioxidants in polymers is the main way to prevent or delay the degradation process. In particular natural antioxidants receive attention in the food industry also because of their presumed safety. In this work bio-polymers, i.e. a commercial starch-based polymer (Mater-Bi®) and a bio-polyester (PLA), and a bio-polyether (PEO) were additivated with quercetin, a natural flavonoid antioxidants, in order to formulate bio-based films for ecosustainable packaging and outdoor applications. The photo-oxidation behavior of unstabilized and quercetin stabilized films was analyzed and compared with the behavior of films additivated with a commercial synthetic light stabilizer. The quercetin is able to slow down the photo-degradation rate of all bio-polymeric films investigated in similar way to the synthetic stabilizer

  14. Estimating Nitrogen Availability of Heat-Dried Bio solids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cogger, C.G.; Bary, A.I.; Myhre, E.A.

    2011-01-01

    As heat-dried bio solids become more widely produced and marketed, it is important to improve estimates of N availability from these materials. Objectives were to compare plant-available N among three different heat-dried bio solids and determine if current guidelines were adequate for estimating application rates. Heat-dried bio solids were surface applied to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in Washington State, USA, and forage yield and N uptake measured for two growing seasons following application. Three rates of urea and a zero-N control were used to calculate N fertilizer efficiency regressions. Application year plant-available N (estimated as urea N equivalent) for two bio solids exceeded 60% of total N applied, while urea N equivalent for the third bio solids was 45%. Residual (second-year) urea N equivalent ranged from 5 to 10%. Guidelines for the Pacific Northwest USA recommend mineralization estimates of 35 to 40% for heat-dried bio solids, but this research shows that some heat-dried materials fall well above that range.

  15. Bio-SNG. Prospective renewable energy carrier in the E.ON gas grid; Bio-SNG. Zukuenftiger regenerativer Energietraeger im E.ON Gasnetz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Adelt, Marius; Vogel, Alexander [E.ON Ruhrgas AG, Essen (Germany)

    2010-10-15

    Biogas processing and injection into the natural gas pipeline system on an industrial scale has been around in Germany for some time. E.ON operates a number of biogas plants with a production capacity of 200-1700 m{sup 3}/h. More plants are under construction or planned. The German government is looking to increase the share of biogas (upgraded to natural gas quality) in the pipeline system to 6 billion m{sup 3}/a by 2020, so significantly more production capacity is needed. Biogas is produced mainly from dedicated energy crops (maize) as well as several catch crops and, depending on the processing plant, various amounts of bio residues. The biogas is upgraded to natural gas quality and fed into the pipeline system as biomethane (E.ON: bio natural gas). To achieve the ambitious production targets it will be necessary to tap the unused potential of wood for gasification and subsequent methanisation into bio-SNG. E.ON AG actively promotes the development and introduction of this technology. This article provides an overview of different aspects of bio-SNG production and use including: Utilisation paths for biomethane/bio-SNG (heat, fuel, CHP), Potential of wood for bio-SNG production, Bio-SNG production technologies, Current E.ON activities and projects. (orig.)

  16. Recent Advances in Bio-inorganic Chemistry

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Unknown

    Bio-inorganic chemistry has developed rapidly in recent years. A number of laboratories in India have made significant contributions to this area. The motivation in bringing out this special issue on Bio-inorganic. Chemistry is to highlight the recent work emerging from India in this important and fascinating interdisci-.

  17. Development and characterization of a new bio-nanocomposite (bio-NCP) for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Martins, Murillo L; Saeki, Margarida J.; Telling, Mark T. F.

    2014-01-01

    Breast cancer is a public health problem throughout the world. Moreover, breast cancer cells have a great affinity for hydroxyapatite, leading to a high occurrence of bone metastasis. In this work we developed a bio-nanocomposite (bio-NCP) in order to use such affinity in the diagnosis...

  18. INTRODUCCIÓN A LA METODOLOGÍA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN BIOÉTICA: SUGERENCIAS PARA EL DESARROLLO DE UN PROTOCOLO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA INTERDISCIPLINARIA INTRODUÇÃO À METODOLOGIA DA PESQUISA EM BIOÉTICA: SUGESTÕES PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PROTOCOLO DE PESQUISA QUALITATIVA INTRODUCTION TO INVESTIGATION’S METHODOLOGY IN BIOETHICS: HINTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERDISCLINARY QUALITATIVE PROTOCOL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María de la Luz Casas Martínez

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El avance de la bioética requiere de la ciencia para su desarrollo. La investigación en bioética parte de la interdisciplinariedad, lo cual complica su realización. Uno de los puntos conflictivos para aquellos que se inician en la investigación es la constitución de un adecuado protocolo. En este trabajo se pretende exponer un panorama general sobre los pasos de la integración de un protocolo con base en la investigación cualitativa.O desenvolvimento da ciência provoca o avanço da bioética. A pesquisa em bioética parte da interdisciplinaridade, a qual complica sua realização. Um dos pontos conflitivos para iniciantes na pesquisa é a constituição de um protocolo adequado. Este trabalho pretende expor um panorama geral sobre os passos da integração de um protocolo com base na pesquisa qualitativa.Bioethics’ advance requires science’s support for its development. Bioethics’ investigation stems from interdisciplinarity which, of course, complicates its fulfilment. One of the items in conflict for beginners in the investigation field is the establishment of a protocol. This work pretends to state a general overview about the steps that have to be taken to integrate a protocol based on qualitative investigation.

  19. Bio and health informatics meets cloud : BioVLab as an example.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chae, Heejoon; Jung, Inuk; Lee, Hyungro; Marru, Suresh; Lee, Seong-Whan; Kim, Sun

    2013-01-01

    The exponential increase of genomic data brought by the advent of the next or the third generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and the dramatic drop in sequencing cost have driven biological and medical sciences to data-driven sciences. This revolutionary paradigm shift comes with challenges in terms of data transfer, storage, computation, and analysis of big bio/medical data. Cloud computing is a service model sharing a pool of configurable resources, which is a suitable workbench to address these challenges. From the medical or biological perspective, providing computing power and storage is the most attractive feature of cloud computing in handling the ever increasing biological data. As data increases in size, many research organizations start to experience the lack of computing power, which becomes a major hurdle in achieving research goals. In this paper, we review the features of publically available bio and health cloud systems in terms of graphical user interface, external data integration, security and extensibility of features. We then discuss about issues and limitations of current cloud systems and conclude with suggestion of a biological cloud environment concept, which can be defined as a total workbench environment assembling computational tools and databases for analyzing bio/medical big data in particular application domains.

  20. investigación en Bioética.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Meneses Carmona

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este escrito esboza cuestiones acerca del lugar y el problema de la Bioética, tanto como preguntas que no tienen respuestas pre-establecidas y, como tal, exigen investigación. Como lugar, en Bioética se heredan las transformaciones de la racionalidad, la Epistemología y la Ética ocurridas en las interacciones sociales asumidas como contexto; la "Bioética" no tiene un lugar establecido y propio, se sitúa en un campo que se configura sólo al asumir la pregunta por la vida y por lo vivo. Propongo la tesis siguiente: La Bioética se constituye en la acción de introducir la vida como problema en lo cotidiano; esto conlleva la creación de nuevas sensibilidades a lo aún no sentido, lo aún no pensado, lo aún no valorado. De esta manera, el lugar de la Bioética se muestra como un juego de figuras diversas en y con las que se crean opciones de otras vidas aún no vividas y que remite a los aprendizajes como exposición al cambio y a las narrativas en las que éstos ocurren y son posibles. Esta tesis se perfila, en la perspectiva de la Bioética, como el conocimiento de cómo usar el conocimiento.

  1. Bio aerosol Generation at wastewater treatment plants: Identification of main bio aerosols sources

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanchez Monedero, M. A.; Aguilar, M. I.; Fenoll, R.; Roig, A.

    2009-01-01

    Typical operations taking place at wastewater treatment plants, especially those involving aeration and mechanical agitation of raw wastewater, represent one of the main sources of bio aerosols that, if inhaled, could pose a biologic hazard to site workers and local residents. Six different wastewater treatment plants from southeast Spain were monitories in order to identify the main bio aerosol sources and to evaluate the airborne microorganisms levels to which workers may be exposed to. Air samples were taken from selected locations by using a single stage impactor. (Author)

  2. A Bioética na Tomada de Decisão na Atenção Primária à Saúde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Debora Carvalho Ferreira

    Full Text Available RESUMO A prática médica se alicerça no julgamento e na tomada de decisão acerca das ações de cuidado – dirigidas aos usuários, às famílias e às comunidades –, o que implica a composição das dimensões técnica e ética da prática clínica. Partindo do pressuposto da importância do processo decisório e do julgamento na prática médica, busca-se discutir essa dimensão no cotidiano do médico de família e comunidade em seu trabalho assistencial na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Para isto, apresenta-se uma situação clínica fictícia e com base nela são feitas considerações sobre raciocínios éticos no âmbito da bioética, em busca da resolução do problema. Chama-se a atenção para a importância de estimular tais raciocínios na práxis desses profissionais.

  3. Wireless Distribution and Use of Bio-sensor Data

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kyng, Morten; Kristensen, Margit; Christensen, Erika Frischknecht

    2007-01-01

    consists of small bio-monitors - with sensors and a unique ID - which are placed on the victims. The bio-monitors communicate wirelessly with one or more base-stations, which distribute the signals locally at the incident site and to remote coordination centres and emergency departments. Ongoing...... data you are looking at? And, when an alarm goes off because the bio-sensor data of a patient reaches a critical threshold, how do you find the patient? In order to support medical responders on site and at coordination centres/ emergency departments, we are supplementing the bio-sensor data...

  4. Bio-Culturalism

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grodal, Torben Kragh

    2007-01-01

    The article argues on the basis of analyses of successful films for children that not only cultural determinants but also innate determinats are important, and that film studies should combine cultural studies with cognitive theory, evolutionary theory and neuroscience, an approach that is called...... Bio-culturalism....

  5. Continuous production of bio-oil by catalytic liquefaction from wet distiller’s grain with solubles (WDGS) from bio-ethanol production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toor, Saqib Sohail; Rosendahl, Lasse; Nielsen, Mads Pagh; Glasius, Marianne; Rudolf, Andreas; Iversen, Steen Brummerstedt

    2012-01-01

    Bio-refinery concepts are currently receiving much attention due to the drive toward flexible, highly efficient systems for utilization of biomass for food, feed, fuel and bio-chemicals. One way of achieving this is through appropriate process integration, in this particular case combining enzymatic bio-ethanol production with catalytic liquefaction of the wet distillers grains with soluble, a byproduct from the bio-ethanol process. The catalytic liquefaction process is carried out at sub-critical conditions (280–370 °C and 25 MPa) in the presence of a homogeneous alkaline and a heterogeneous Zirconia catalyst, a process known as the Catliq ® process. In the current work, catalytic conversion of WDGS was performed in a continuous pilot plant with a maximum capacity of 30 dm 3 h −1 of wet biomass. In the process, WDGS was converted to bio-oil, gases and water-soluble organic compounds. The oil obtained was characterized using several analysis methods, among them elementary analysis and GC–MS. The study shows that WDGS can be converted to bio oil with high yields. The results also indicate that through the combination of bio-ethanol production and catalytic liquefaction, it is possible to significantly increase the liquid product yield and scope, opening up for a wider end use applicability. -- Highlights: ► Hydrothermal liquefaction of wet biomass. ► Product phase analysis: oil, acqeous, gas and mineral phase. ► Energy and mass balance evaluation.

  6. Bio-objects’ political capacity: a research agenda

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maeseele, Pieter; Hendrickx, Kim; Pavone, Vincenzo; Van Hoyweghen, Ine

    2013-01-01

    This article explores the merits of foregrounding the dichotomy of politicization vs de-politicization for our understanding of bio-objects in order to study their production, circulation, and governance in European societies. By asking how bio-objects are configured in science, policy, public, and media discourses and practices, we focus on the role of socio-technical configurations in generating political relations. The bio-object thereby serves as an entry point to approach and conceptualize “the political” in an innovative way. PMID:23630150

  7. Bio-tribology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dowson, Duncan

    2012-01-01

    It is now forty six years since the separate topics of friction, lubrication, wear and bearing design were integrated under the title 'Tribology' [Department of Education and Science, Lubrication (Tribology) Education and Research. A Report on the Present Position and Industry's Needs, HMSO, London, 1966]. Significant developments have been reported in many established and new aspects of tribology during this period. The subject has contributed to improved performance of much familiar equipment, such as reciprocating engines, where there have been vast improvements in engine reliability and efficiency. Nano-tribology has been central to remarkable advances in information processing and digital equipment. Shortly after widespread introduction of the term tribology, integration with biology and medicine prompted rapid and extensive interest in the fascinating sub-field now known as Bio-tribology [D. Dowson and V. Wright, Bio-tribology, in The Rheology of Lubricants, ed. T. C. Davenport, Applied Science Publishers, Barking, 1973, pp. 81-88]. An outline will be given of some of the developments in the latter field.

  8. Syntrophic co-culture of aerobic Bacillus and anaerobic Clostridium for bio-fuels and bio-hydrogen production

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chang, Jui-Jen; Ho, Cheng-Yu.; Chen, Wei-En; Huang, Chieh-Chen [Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung (China); Chou, Chia-Hung; Lay, Jiunn-Jyi [Department of Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung First University, Kaohsiung (China)

    2008-10-15

    By using brewery yeast waste and microflora from rice straw compost, an anaerobic semi-solid bio-hydrogen-producing system has been established. For the purpose of industrialization, the major players of both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial strains in the system were isolated and their combination for an effective production of bio-hydrogen and other bio-fuels was examined in this study. The phylogenetic analysis found that four anaerobic isolates (Clostridium beijerinckii L9, Clostridium diolis Z2, Clostridium roseum Z5-1, and C. roseum W8) were highly related with each other and belongs to the cluster I clostridia family, the family that many of solvent-producing strains included. On the other hand, one of the aerobic isolates, the Bacillus thermoamylovorans strain I, shown multiple extracellular enzyme activities including lipase, protease, {alpha}-amylase, pectinase and cellulase, was suggested as a good partner for creating an anaerobic environment and pre-saccharification of substrate for those co-cultured solventogenic clostridial strain. Among these clostridial strains, though C. beijerinckii L9 do not show as many extracellular enzyme activities as Bacillus, but it performs the highest hydrogen-producing ability. The original microflora can be updated to a syntrophic bacterial co-culture system contended only with B. thermoamylovorans I and C. beijerinckii L9. The combination of aerobic Bacillus and anaerobic Clostridium may play the key role for developing the industrialized bio-fuels and bio-hydrogen-producing system from biomass. (author)

  9. A terceira margem da saúde: a ética natural The third border of health: the 'natural' ethics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fermin R. Schramm

    1995-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho pretende discutir a pertinência de uma ética natural complexa para o campo da saúde, em particular em saúde pública, escapando das principais disjunções herdadas da tradição moderna, tais como sujeito/objeto, público/privado, valor em si/valor por si. Considera-se, portanto, as contribuições trazidas pela epistemologia da complexidade que, ao conceber a constelação conceituai do vínculo e da possibilidade - que se delineia entre 'primeira natureza' (bioecológica e 'segunda natureza' (sócio-cultural nos humanos -, permite o diálogo entre os dois princípios fundamentais que norteiam os debates em bioética: o Princípio da Sacralidade da Vida e o Princípio da Qualidade da Vida. A ética natural considera tais princípios como sendo co-necessários para uma ética do nosso tempo, dividido entre o inevitável politeísmo de valores e normas decorrente da secularização do mundo tardomodemo - caracterizado pela tolerância e o pluralismo - e os necessários fundamentos para este tipo de 'sociedade aberta', que não podem se reduzir ao mero ceticismo epistemológico do vale tudo (anything goes nem ao ceticismo moral corrosivo da lei do mais forte e do seu corolário da ética do salve-se-quem-puder (lifeboat ethics.This paper discusses the relevance of a complex natural ethics for the health field, especially for public health, avoiding the main dichotomies inherited from the tradition of modernity, such as subject/object; public/private; value in se/value per se. This thesis considers the contributions of the epistemology of complexity highlighting the conceptual constellation of links and changes between the first (bio-ecological nature' and 'second (socio-cultural nature' of human beings. It poses a dialogue between the two main principles that guide discussions of bioethics: the Life Sanctity Principle and the Life Disposability Principle. Natural ethics assumes both principles as necessary to a contemporary

  10. Nos tempos da bioética, a presença dos vitimados questões sobre o outro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Roberto Pretel Pereira Job

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available O artigo apresenta algumas considerações sobre a bioética, estabelecendo conexões com as necessidades de adotar um ponto de vista que inclua a participação do Outro. Argumenta e enfatiza a necessidade de respeitar a dignidade do ser humano conforme lições ensinadas pelos filósofos Martin Buber, Emmanuel Lévinas, Franz Rosenzweig e Viktor Frankl. Conclui, apontando para a necessidade de incluir o conceito de Alteridade, a fim de pesquisar sobre o relacionamento entre homem e homem.

  11. Bio-degradable highly fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles for bio-medical imaging applications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Repenko, Tatjana; Rix, Anne; Ludwanowski, Simon; Go, Dennis; Kiessling, Fabian; Lederle, Wiltrud; Kuehne, Alexander J C

    2017-09-07

    Conjugated polymer nanoparticles exhibit strong fluorescence and have been applied for biological fluorescence imaging in cell culture and in small animals. However, conjugated polymer particles are hydrophobic and often chemically inert materials with diameters ranging from below 50 nm to several microns. As such, conjugated polymer nanoparticles cannot be excreted through the renal system. This drawback has prevented their application for clinical bio-medical imaging. Here, we present fully conjugated polymer nanoparticles based on imidazole units. These nanoparticles can be bio-degraded by activated macrophages. Reactive oxygen species induce scission of the conjugated polymer backbone at the imidazole unit, leading to complete decomposition of the particles into soluble low molecular weight fragments. Furthermore, the nanoparticles can be surface functionalized for directed targeting. The approach opens a wide range of opportunities for conjugated polymer particles in the fields of medical imaging, drug-delivery, and theranostics.Conjugated polymer nanoparticles have been applied for biological fluorescence imaging in cell culture and in small animals, but cannot readily be excreted through the renal system. Here the authors show fully conjugated polymer nanoparticles based on imidazole units that can be bio-degraded by activated macrophages.

  12. Utilização medicinal da secreção (“vacina-do-sapo” do anfíbio kambô (Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae por população não-indígena em Espigão do Oeste, Rondônia, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Sérgio Bernarde

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n3p213 Anfíbios apresentam substâncias farmacologicamente ativas em sua pele com funções de proteção contra infecções de microorganismos e predadores. Algumas tribos indígenas no Sudoeste da Amazônia utilizam a secreção de Phyllomedusa bicolor para fins medicinais. Apesar de existirem relatos sobre a utilização dessa secreção em comunidades indígenas, praticamente nada existe em literatura sobre a prática em populações não indígenas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar a utilização da “vacina-do-sapo” por populações não-indígenas em Espigão do Oeste (Rondônia. Foram entrevistadas 31 pessoas que receberam aplicações dessa vacina. A utilização da “vacina-do-sapo” em Espigão do Oeste não se trata de um hábito tradicional da região, sendo que o aplicador veio de outra parte da Amazônia. Em geral, as pessoas que utilizaram a vacina são de classe média a alta e apresentam algum nível de escolaridade (ensino fundamental, médio ou superior. Cerca de metade dos entrevistados acharam que as aplicações ajudaram no problema de saúde que as levaram a receber a vacina ou sentiram melhor disposição após o tratamento e fariam novamente as aplicações. A maioria das pessoas não conhece a espécie P. bicolor, da qual são retiradas as secreções para elaboração da vacina. Embora várias pessoas tenham procurado o tratamento achando que a vacina servia para tudo, suas propriedades medicinais ainda se encontram em estudo.

  13. Lateral ridge augmentation with Bio-Oss alone or Bio-Oss mixed with particulate autogenous bone graft: a systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aludden, H C; Mordenfeld, A; Hallman, M; Dahlin, C; Jensen, T

    2017-08-01

    The objective of this systematic review was to test the hypothesis of no difference in implant treatment outcomes when using Bio-Oss alone or Bio-Oss mixed with particulate autogenous bone grafts for lateral ridge augmentation. A search of the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases in combination with a hand-search of relevant journals was conducted. Human studies published in English from 1 January 1990 to 1 May 2016 were included. The search provided 337 titles and six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Considerable variation prevented a meta-analysis from being performed. The two treatment modalities have never been compared within the same study. Non-comparative studies demonstrated a 3-year implant survival of 96% with 50% Bio-Oss mixed with 50% autogenous bone graft. Moreover, Bio-Oss alone or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone graft seems to increase the amount of newly formed bone as well as the width of the alveolar process. Within the limitations of this systematic review, lateral ridge augmentation with Bio-Oss alone or in combination with autogenous bone graft seems to induce newly formed bone and increase the width of the alveolar process, with high short-term implant survival. However, long-term studies comparing the two treatment modalities are needed before final conclusions can be drawn. Copyright © 2017 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Use of Bio-Amp, a commercial bio-additive for the treatment of grease trap wastewater containing fat, oil, and grease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, Hao L; Xie, Yuefeng F; Chen, Yen-Chih

    2012-11-01

    This research investigated the application of Bio-Amp, a commercial bio-additive for the treatment of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) in a grease trap, and evaluated potential impacts of treated effluent on downstream collection system and treatment processes. Results show that after Bio-Amp treatment, FOG deposit formation was reduced by 40%, implicating a potential reduction of sewer line blockages. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total fatty acids were reduced by 39%, 33%, 56%, and 59%, respectively, which represents an overall loading reduction of 9% COD, 5% TN and 40% TP received by the treatment plant from all the dining halls. On the other hand, readily biodegradable COD fractions significantly increased, which implies a potential improvement on Bio-P removal. Overall, the results showed that application of Bio-Amp in grease trap provides potential reduction of sewer line blockages, and can also alleviate downstream treatment burden. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Israel Marine Bio-geographic Database (ISRAMAR-BIO)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greengrass, Eyal; Krivenko, Yevgeniya; Ozer, Tal; Ben Yosef, Dafna; Tom, Moshe; Gertman, Isaac

    2015-04-01

    The knowledge of the space/time variations of species is the basis for any ecological investigations. While historical observations containing integral concentrations of biological parameters (chlorophyll, abundance, biomass…) are organized partly in ISRAMAR Cast Database, the taxon-specific data collected in Israel has not been sufficiently organized. This has been hindered by the lack of standards, variability of methods and complexity of biological data formalization. The ISRAMAR-BIO DB was developed to store various types of historical and future available information related to marine species observations and related metadata. Currently the DB allows to store biological data acquired by the following sampling devices such as: van veer grab, box corer, sampling bottles, nets (plankton, trawls and fish), quadrates, and cameras. The DB's logical unit is information regarding a specimen (taxa name, barcode, image), related attributes (abundance, size, age, contaminants…), habitat description, sampling device and method, time and space of sampling, responsible organization and scientist, source of information (cruise, project and publication). The following standardization of specimen and attributes naming were implemented: Taxonomy according to World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org). Habitat description according to Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standards (CMECS: http://www.cmecscatalog.org) Parameter name; Unit; Device name; Developmental stage; Institution name; Country name; Marine region according to SeaDataNet Vocabularies (http://www.seadatanet.org/Standards-Software/Common-Vocabularies). This system supports two types of data submission procedures, which support the above stated data structure. The first is a downloadable excel file with drop-down fields based on the ISRAMAR-BIO vocabularies. The file is filled and uploaded online by the data contributor. Alternatively, the same dataset can be assembled by

  16. Bio-fuels barometer - EurObserv'ER - July 2016

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2016-07-01

    The European bio-fuel market is now regulated by the directive, known as ILUC, whose wording focuses on the environmental impact of first generation bio-fuel development. This long-awaited clarification has arrived against the backdrop of falling oil prices and shrinking European Union bio-fuel consumption, which should drop by 1.7% between 2014 and 2015, according to EurObserv'ER

  17. 78 FR 39327 - Bio Diagnostic International; Denial of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-07-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration [Docket No. 11-63] Bio Diagnostic... Control, Drug Enforcement Administration, issued an Order to Show Cause to Bio Diagnostic International... application of Bio Diagnostic International, Inc., for a DEA Certificate of Registration as a distributor of...

  18. Alkaline hydrothermal liquefaction of swine carcasses to bio-oil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zheng, Ji-Lu, E-mail: triace@163.com; Zhu, Ming-Qiang; Wu, Hai-tang

    2015-09-15

    Highlights: • Swine carcasses can be converted to bio-oil by alkaline hydrothermal liquefaction. • It seems that the use of the bio-oil for heat or CHP is technically suitable. • Some valuable chemicals were found in the bio-oils. • The bio-oil and the solid residue constituted an energy efficiency of 93.63% for the feedstock. • The solid residue can be used as a soil amendment, to sequester C and for preparing activated carbon. - Abstract: It is imperative that swine carcasses are disposed of safely, practically and economically. Alkaline hydrothermal liquefaction of swine carcasses to bio-oil was performed. Firstly, the effects of temperature, reaction time and pH value on the yield of each liquefaction product were determined. Secondly, liquefaction products, including bio-oil and solid residue, were characterized. Finally, the energy recovery ratio (ERR), which was defined as the energy of the resultant products compared to the energy input of the material, was investigated. Our experiment shows that reaction time had certain influence on the yield of liquefaction products, but temperature and pH value had bigger influence on the yield of liquefaction products. Yields of 62.2 wt% bio-oil, having a high heating value of 32.35 MJ/kg and a viscosity of 305cp, and 22 wt% solid residue were realized at a liquefaction temperature of 250 °C, a reaction time of 60 min and a pH value of 9.0. The bio-oil contained up to hundreds of different chemical components that may be classified according to functional groups. Typical compound classes in the bio-oil were hydrocarbons, organic acids, esters, ketones and heterocyclics. The energy recovery ratio (ERR) reached 93.63%. The bio-oil is expected to contribute to fossil fuel replacement in stationary applications, including boilers and furnaces, and upgrading processes for the bio-oil may be used to obtain liquid transport fuels.

  19. Alkaline hydrothermal liquefaction of swine carcasses to bio-oil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zheng, Ji-Lu; Zhu, Ming-Qiang; Wu, Hai-tang

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Swine carcasses can be converted to bio-oil by alkaline hydrothermal liquefaction. • It seems that the use of the bio-oil for heat or CHP is technically suitable. • Some valuable chemicals were found in the bio-oils. • The bio-oil and the solid residue constituted an energy efficiency of 93.63% for the feedstock. • The solid residue can be used as a soil amendment, to sequester C and for preparing activated carbon. - Abstract: It is imperative that swine carcasses are disposed of safely, practically and economically. Alkaline hydrothermal liquefaction of swine carcasses to bio-oil was performed. Firstly, the effects of temperature, reaction time and pH value on the yield of each liquefaction product were determined. Secondly, liquefaction products, including bio-oil and solid residue, were characterized. Finally, the energy recovery ratio (ERR), which was defined as the energy of the resultant products compared to the energy input of the material, was investigated. Our experiment shows that reaction time had certain influence on the yield of liquefaction products, but temperature and pH value had bigger influence on the yield of liquefaction products. Yields of 62.2 wt% bio-oil, having a high heating value of 32.35 MJ/kg and a viscosity of 305cp, and 22 wt% solid residue were realized at a liquefaction temperature of 250 °C, a reaction time of 60 min and a pH value of 9.0. The bio-oil contained up to hundreds of different chemical components that may be classified according to functional groups. Typical compound classes in the bio-oil were hydrocarbons, organic acids, esters, ketones and heterocyclics. The energy recovery ratio (ERR) reached 93.63%. The bio-oil is expected to contribute to fossil fuel replacement in stationary applications, including boilers and furnaces, and upgrading processes for the bio-oil may be used to obtain liquid transport fuels

  20. Tratamento de efluentes têxteis usando reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbio com pré ou pós-ozonização /

    OpenAIRE

    Alves, Kelli Cristina Grando

    2000-01-01

    Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidos estudos combinando processo biológico com pré ou pós-ozonização de efluentes têxteis, para avaliar a eficiência de remoção de DQO e COD, bem como a cor do efluente. Consistiu-se basicamente de duas etapas. Na primeira, foram realizados estudos com efluente têxtil sintético em reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado trifásico para remoção da matéria orgânica, seguido da o...

  1. Bio solids Effects in Chihuahuan Desert Rangelands: A Ten-Year Study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wester, D.B; Sosebee, R.E; Fish, E.B; Villalobos, J.C; Zartman, R.E; Gonzalez, R.M; Jurado, P.; Moffet, C.A

    2011-01-01

    Arid and semiarid rangelands are suitable for responsible bio solids application. Topical application is critical to avoid soil and vegetation disturbance. Surface-applied bio solids have long-lasting effects in these ecosystems. We conducted a 10-year research program investigating effects of bio solids applied at rates from 0 to 90 dry Mg ha -1 on soil water infiltration; runoff and leachate water quality; soil erosion; forage production and quality; seedling establishment; plant physiological responses; nitrogen dynamics; bio solids decomposition; and grazing animal behavior and management. Bio solids increased soil water infiltration and reduced erosion. Effects on soil water quality were observed only at the highest application rates. Bio solids increased soil nitrate-nitrogen. Bio solids increased forage production and improved forage quality. Bio solids increased leaf area of grasses; photosynthetic rates were not necessarily increased by bio solids. Bio solids effects on plant establishment are expected only under moderately favorable conditions. Over an 82-mo exposure period, total organic carbon, nitrogen, and total and available phosphorus decreased and inorganic matter increased. Grazing animals spent more time grazing, ruminating, and resting in bio solids-treated areas; positive effects on average daily gain were observed during periods of higher rainfall. Our results suggest that annual bio solids application rates of up to 18 Mg ha -1 are appropriate for desert rangelands.

  2. Bio diesel- the Clean, Green Fuel for Diesel Engines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Elkareish, S.M.M.

    2004-01-01

    Natural, renewable resources such as vegetable oils, animal fats and recycled restaurant greases can be chemically transformed into clean burning bio diesel fuels (1). Just like petroleum diesel, bio diesel operates in combustion-ignition engines. Blends of up to 20% bio diesel (mixed with petroleum diesel fuels) can be used in nearly all diesel equipment and are compatible with most storage and distribution equipment. Using bio diesel in a conventional diesel engine substantially reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulphates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. The use of bio diesel has grown dramatically during the last few years. Egypt has a promising experiment in promoting forestation by cultivation of Jatropha plant especially in luxor and many other sites of the country. The first production of the Egyptian Jatropha seeds oil is now under evaluation to produce a cost-competitive bio diesel fuel

  3. BioRuby: bioinformatics software for the Ruby programming language.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goto, Naohisa; Prins, Pjotr; Nakao, Mitsuteru; Bonnal, Raoul; Aerts, Jan; Katayama, Toshiaki

    2010-10-15

    The BioRuby software toolkit contains a comprehensive set of free development tools and libraries for bioinformatics and molecular biology, written in the Ruby programming language. BioRuby has components for sequence analysis, pathway analysis, protein modelling and phylogenetic analysis; it supports many widely used data formats and provides easy access to databases, external programs and public web services, including BLAST, KEGG, GenBank, MEDLINE and GO. BioRuby comes with a tutorial, documentation and an interactive environment, which can be used in the shell, and in the web browser. BioRuby is free and open source software, made available under the Ruby license. BioRuby runs on all platforms that support Ruby, including Linux, Mac OS X and Windows. And, with JRuby, BioRuby runs on the Java Virtual Machine. The source code is available from http://www.bioruby.org/. katayama@bioruby.org

  4. Security enhanced BioEncoding for protecting iris codes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ouda, Osama; Tsumura, Norimichi; Nakaguchi, Toshiya

    2011-06-01

    Improving the security of biometric template protection techniques is a key prerequisite for the widespread deployment of biometric technologies. BioEncoding is a recently proposed template protection scheme, based on the concept of cancelable biometrics, for protecting biometric templates represented as binary strings such as iris codes. The main advantage of BioEncoding over other template protection schemes is that it does not require user-specific keys and/or tokens during verification. Besides, it satisfies all the requirements of the cancelable biometrics construct without deteriorating the matching accuracy. However, although it has been shown that BioEncoding is secure enough against simple brute-force search attacks, the security of BioEncoded templates against more smart attacks, such as record multiplicity attacks, has not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, a rigorous security analysis of BioEncoding is presented. Firstly, resistance of BioEncoded templates against brute-force attacks is revisited thoroughly. Secondly, we show that although the cancelable transformation employed in BioEncoding might be non-invertible for a single protected template, the original iris code could be inverted by correlating several templates used in different applications but created from the same iris. Accordingly, we propose an important modification to the BioEncoding transformation process in order to hinder attackers from exploiting this type of attacks. The effectiveness of adopting the suggested modification is validated and its impact on the matching accuracy is investigated empirically using CASIA-IrisV3-Interval dataset. Experimental results confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach and show that it preserves the matching accuracy of the unprotected iris recognition system.

  5. Compostaje de biosólidos de plantas de tratamiento de águas residuales Plant biosolids composting of wastewater treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Torres

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Foi avaliada a compostagem dos biossólidos gerados na Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos - ETE, de Cañaveralejo, da cidade de Cali - Colômbia. Ainda que o processo se mostrasse viável, a incorporação de materiais de suporte e emenda foi favorável ao mesmo e à qualidade do produto final ao melhorar as condições de manejo, estrutura e porosidade do biossólido (B, além de melhorar as relações carbono/nitrogênio. Dos materiais avaliados, os que apresentaram melhor desempenho como materiais de suporte (MS e Emenda (ME, foram os resíduos de poda e a cachaça, respectivamente; a relação ótima B:MS:ME, em percentagem, foi 72:10:18. Do ponto de vista da gestão dos resíduos e considerando o crescente incremento no número de ETEs municipais, este estudo mostrou que o composto produzido a partir de biossólidos pode ser considerado um material com potencial agrícola; adicionalmente, nos casos em que a única opção é a disposição final, o processo permitiu reduzir o volume a ser disposto até em 70%.It was evaluated the bio solid composting in Cañaveralejo Wastewater Treatment Plant in Cali - Colombia. Although the process was viable, the bulking agent (BA incorporation improved the final product C/N relation. Municipal yard trimmings and sugar cane waste were the best bulking agent and amendment material, respectively. The B:BA:AM optimal relation, on percent, was 72:10:18. In terms of waste management and considering the increasing on the municipal wastewater treatment plants number, this study showed that the bio solid compost could be considered as a material with agricultural potential use; additionally when the option is just the bio solid final disposition, the composting process can reduce its disposal volume at 70%.

  6. The Role of Bio-productivity on Bio-energy Yields

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marc J. J. Janssens

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available The principal photosynthetic pathways convert solar energy differently depending on the environmental conditions and the plant morphotype. Partitioning of energy storage within crops will vary according to environmental and seasonal conditions as well. Highest energy concentration is found in terpens like latex and, to a lesser extent, in lipids. Ideally, we want plant ingredients with high energy content easily amenable to ready-to-use bio-fuel. Generally, these crops are adapted to drier areas and tend to save on eco-volume space. Competition with food crops could be avoided by fetching energy from cheap agricultural by-products or waste products such as bagasse in the sugar cane. This would in fact mean that reducing power of agricultural residues should be extracted from the biomass through non-photosynthetic processes like animal ingestion or industrial bio-fermentation. Conversion and transformation efficiencies in the production chain are illustrated for some relevant crops in the light of the maximum power theorem.

  7. Bio-robots automatic navigation with electrical reward stimulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Chao; Zhang, Xinlu; Zheng, Nenggan; Chen, Weidong; Zheng, Xiaoxiang

    2012-01-01

    Bio-robots that controlled by outer stimulation through brain computer interface (BCI) suffer from the dependence on realtime guidance of human operators. Current automatic navigation methods for bio-robots focus on the controlling rules to force animals to obey man-made commands, with animals' intelligence ignored. This paper proposes a new method to realize the automatic navigation for bio-robots with electrical micro-stimulation as real-time rewards. Due to the reward-seeking instinct and trial-and-error capability, bio-robot can be steered to keep walking along the right route with rewards and correct its direction spontaneously when rewards are deprived. In navigation experiments, rat-robots learn the controlling methods in short time. The results show that our method simplifies the controlling logic and realizes the automatic navigation for rat-robots successfully. Our work might have significant implication for the further development of bio-robots with hybrid intelligence.

  8. [Reflection on developing bio-energy industry of large oil company].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Haiyang; Su, Haijia; Tan, Tianwei; Liu, Shumin; Wang, Hui

    2013-03-01

    China's energy supply becomes more serious nowadays and the development of bio-energy becomes a major trend. Large oil companies have superb technology, rich experience and outstanding talent, as well as better sales channels for energy products, which can make full use of their own advantages to achieve the efficient complementary of exist energy and bio-energy. Therefore, large oil companies have the advantages of developing bio-energy. Bio-energy development in China is in the initial stage. There exist some problems such as available land, raw material supply, conversion technologies and policy guarantee, which restrict bio-energy from industrialized development. According to the above key issues, this article proposes suggestions and methods, such as planting energy plant in the marginal barren land to guarantee the supply of bio-energy raw materials, cultivation of professional personnel, building market for bio-energy counting on large oil companies' rich experience and market resources about oil industry, etc, aimed to speed up the industrialized process of bio-energy development in China.

  9. Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Balat, Mustafa; Balat, Havva

    2009-01-01

    Bio-fuels are important because they replace petroleum fuels. A number of environmental and economic benefits are claimed for bio-fuels. Bio-ethanol is by far the most widely used bio-fuel for transportation worldwide. Production of bio-ethanol from biomass is one way to reduce both consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution. Using bio-ethanol blended gasoline fuel for automobiles can significantly reduce petroleum use and exhaust greenhouse gas emission. Bio-ethanol can be produced from different kinds of raw materials. These raw materials are classified into three categories of agricultural raw materials: simple sugars, starch and lignocellulose. Bio-ethanol from sugar cane, produced under the proper conditions, is essentially a clean fuel and has several clear advantages over petroleum-derived gasoline in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality in metropolitan areas. Conversion technologies for producing bio-ethanol from cellulosic biomass resources such as forest materials, agricultural residues and urban wastes are under development and have not yet been demonstrated commercially.

  10. Bio-fuels production and the environmental indicators

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gomes, Marcos Sebastiao de Paula [Mechanical Engineering Department/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro - PUC-Rio, Rua Marques de Sao Vicente 225, Gavea, CEP 22453-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Muylaert de Araujo, Maria Silvia [Energy and Environment Planning Program/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE/UFRJ, Cidade Universitaria, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco C, sala 211, Ilha do Fundao, CEP: 21945-970, Caixa Postal: 68501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2009-10-15

    The paper evaluates the role of the bio-fuels production in the transportation sector in the world, for programs of greenhouse gases emissions reductions and sustainable environmental performance. Depending on the methodology used to account for the local pollutant emissions and the global greenhouse gases emissions during the production and consumption of both the fossil and bio-fuels, the results can show huge differences. If it is taken into account a life cycle inventory approach to compare the different fuel sources, these results can present controversies. A comparison study involving the American oil diesel and soybean diesel developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory presents CO{sub 2} emissions for the bio-diesel which are almost 20% of the emissions for the oil diesel: 136 g CO{sub 2}/bhp-h for the bio-diesel from soybean and 633 g CO{sub 2}/bhp-h for the oil diesel [National Renewable Energy Laboratory - NREL/SR-580-24089]. Besides that, important local environmental impacts can also make a big difference. The water consumption in the soybean production is much larger in comparison with the water consumption for the diesel production [National Renewable Energy Laboratory - NREL/SR-580-24089]. Brazil has an important role to play in this scenario because of its large experience in bio-fuels production since the seventies, and the country has conditions to produce bio-fuels for attending great part of the world demand in a sustainable pathway. (author)

  11. Bio-Manufacturing to market pilot project

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dressen, Tiffaney [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

    2017-09-25

    The Bio-Manufacturing to Market pilot project was a part of the AMJIAC, the Advanced Manufacturing Jobs and Innovation Accelerator Challenge grant. This internship program set out to further define and enhance the talent pipeline from the University and local Community Colleges to startup culture in East Bay Area, provide undergraduate STEM students with opportunities outside academia, and provide startup companies with much needed talent. Over the 4 year period of performance, the Bio-Manufacturing to Market internship program sponsored 75 undergraduate STEM students who were able to spend anywhere from one to six semesters working with local Bay Area startup companies and DOE sponsored facilities/programs in the biotech, bio-manufacturing, and biomedical device fields.

  12. Brucella BioR Regulator Defines a Complex Regulatory Mechanism for Bacterial Biotin Metabolism

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Jie; Zhang, Huimin; Srinivas, Swaminath

    2013-01-01

    The enzyme cofactor biotin (vitamin H or B7) is an energetically expensive molecule whose de novo biosynthesis requires 20 ATP equivalents. It seems quite likely that diverse mechanisms have evolved to tightly regulate its biosynthesis. Unlike the model regulator BirA, a bifunctional biotin protein ligase with the capability of repressing the biotin biosynthetic pathway, BioR has been recently reported by us as an alternative machinery and a new type of GntR family transcriptional factor that can repress the expression of the bioBFDAZ operon in the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. However, quite unusually, a closely related human pathogen, Brucella melitensis, has four putative BioR-binding sites (both bioR and bioY possess one site in the promoter region, whereas the bioBFDAZ [bio] operon contains two tandem BioR boxes). This raised the question of whether BioR mediates the complex regulatory network of biotin metabolism. Here, we report that this is the case. The B. melitensis BioR ortholog was overexpressed and purified to homogeneity, and its solution structure was found to be dimeric. Functional complementation in a bioR isogenic mutant of A. tumefaciens elucidated that Brucella BioR is a functional repressor. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the four predicted BioR sites of Brucella plus the BioR site of A. tumefaciens can all interact with the Brucella BioR protein. In a reporter strain that we developed on the basis of a double mutant of A. tumefaciens (the ΔbioR ΔbioBFDA mutant), the β-galactosidase (β-Gal) activity of three plasmid-borne transcriptional fusions (bioBbme-lacZ, bioYbme-lacZ, and bioRbme-lacZ) was dramatically decreased upon overexpression of Brucella bioR. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses showed that the expression of bioBFDA and bioY is significantly elevated upon removal of bioR from B. melitensis. Together, we conclude that Brucella BioR is not only a negative autoregulator but also a repressor of

  13. REFLETIR SOBRE O ENSINO DA ÉTICA NA GRADUAÇÃO DE ENFERMEIROS, EM PORTUGAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Reis

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Existem em Portugal alguns estudos sobre o ensino da ética na área dos profissionais de saúde. As teorias a divulgar no curriculum relativo à Ética, Deontologia e Bioética em Enfermagem deverão estar diretamente articuladas com os filósofos, ou outros especialistas, nos quais se inspiraram. Sendo uma das principais finalidades do ensino, em Enfermagem, a preparação dos estudantes para um mundo marcado por complexos dilemas éticos, suscitados pela atividade científica e tecnológica, propomos, por um lado, um ensino em ética que siga as orientações preconizadas no documento Recomendações Relativas ao Ensino da Ética e Deontologia no Curso de Enfermagem (editado pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros e, por outro lado, o desenvolvimento da ética associado à moral, de modo a proporcionar um equilíbrio entre princípios éticos e as regras institucionais, remetendo diretamente para a deontologia.

  14. Prospects for a bio-based succinate industry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McKinlay, James B; Vieille, C; Zeikus, J Gregory

    2007-09-01

    Bio-based succinate is receiving increasing attention as a potential intermediary feedstock for replacing a large petrochemical-based bulk chemical market. The prospective economical and environmental benefits of a bio-based succinate industry have motivated research and development of succinate-producing organisms. Bio-based succinate is still faced with the challenge of becoming cost competitive against petrochemical-based alternatives. High succinate concentrations must be produced at high rates, with little or no by-products to most efficiently use substrates and to simplify purification procedures. Herein are described the current prospects for a bio-based succinate industry, with emphasis on specific bacteria that show the greatest promise for industrial succinate production. The succinate-producing characteristics and the metabolic pathway used by each bacterial species are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of each bacterial system are discussed.

  15. Bio-inspired computation in unmanned aerial vehicles

    CERN Document Server

    Duan, Haibin

    2014-01-01

    Bio-inspired Computation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles focuses on the aspects of path planning, formation control, heterogeneous cooperative control and vision-based surveillance and navigation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) from the perspective of bio-inspired computation. It helps readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of control-related problems in UAVs, presenting the latest advances in bio-inspired computation. By combining bio-inspired computation and UAV control problems, key questions are explored in depth, and each piece is content-rich while remaining accessible. With abundant illustrations of simulation work, this book links theory, algorithms and implementation procedures, demonstrating the simulation results with graphics that are intuitive without sacrificing academic rigor. Further, it pays due attention to both the conceptual framework and the implementation procedures. The book offers a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and graduate students in the field of Control, Aeros...

  16. Nano-arrays of SAM by dip-pen nanowriting (DPN) technique for futuristic bio-electronic and bio-sensor applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Agarwal, Pankaj B.; Kumar, A.; Saravanan, R.; Sharma, A.K.; Shekhar, Chandra

    2010-01-01

    Nano-arrays of bio-molecules have potential applications in many areas namely, bio-sensors, bio/molecular electronics and virus detection. Spot array, micro-contact printing and photolithography are used for micron size array fabrications while Dip-Pen Nanowriting (DPN) is employed for submicron/nano size arrays. We have fabricated nano-dots of 16-MHA (16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold substrate by DPN technique with different dwell time under varying relative humidity. These patterns were imaged in the same system in LFM (Lateral Force Microscopy) mode with fast scanning speed (5 Hz). The effect of humidity on size variation of nano-dots has been studied. During experiments, relative humidity (RH) was varied from 20% to 60%, while the temperature was kept constant ∼ 25 o C. The minimum measured diameter of the dot is ∼ 294 nm at RH = 20% for a dwell time of 2 s. The thickness of the 16-MHA dots, estimated in NanoRule image analysis software is ∼ 2 nm, which agrees well with the length of single MHA molecule (2.2 nm). The line profile has been used to estimate the size and thickness of dots. The obtained results will be useful in further development of nano-array based bio-sensors and bio-electronic devices.

  17. A brief review of extrusion-based tissue scaffold bio-printing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ning, Liqun; Chen, Xiongbiao

    2017-08-01

    Extrusion-based bio-printing has great potential as a technique for manipulating biomaterials and living cells to create three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for damaged tissue repair and function restoration. Over the last two decades, advances in both engineering techniques and life sciences have evolved extrusion-based bio-printing from a simple technique to one able to create diverse tissue scaffolds from a wide range of biomaterials and cell types. However, the complexities associated with synthesis of materials for bio-printing and manipulation of multiple materials and cells in bio-printing pose many challenges for scaffold fabrication. This paper presents an overview of extrusion-based bio-printing for scaffold fabrication, focusing on the prior-printing considerations (such as scaffold design and materials/cell synthesis), working principles, comparison to other techniques, and to-date achievements. This paper also briefly reviews the recent development of strategies with regard to hydrogel synthesis, multi-materials/cells manipulation, and process-induced cell damage in extrusion-based bio-printing. The key issue and challenges for extrusion-based bio-printing are also identified and discussed along with recommendations for future, aimed at developing novel biomaterials and bio-printing systems, creating patterned vascular networks within scaffolds, and preserving the cell viability and functions in scaffold bio-printing. The address of these challenges will significantly enhance the capability of extrusion-based bio-printing. Copyright © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  18. Bio-diesel: A candidate for a Nigeria energy mix

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eze, T.; Dim, L. A.; Funtua, I. I.; Oladipo, M. O. A.

    2011-01-01

    This paper presents a review of bio-diesel development and economic potentials. The basics of biodiesel and its production technology are described. Attention is given to development potential, challenges and prospests of bio-diesel in Nigeria with ground facts on bio-diesel production feasibility in Nigeria highlighted.

  19. The NCBI BioSystems database.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Geer, Lewis Y; Marchler-Bauer, Aron; Geer, Renata C; Han, Lianyi; He, Jane; He, Siqian; Liu, Chunlei; Shi, Wenyao; Bryant, Stephen H

    2010-01-01

    The NCBI BioSystems database, found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/, centralizes and cross-links existing biological systems databases, increasing their utility and target audience by integrating their pathways and systems into NCBI resources. This integration allows users of NCBI's Entrez databases to quickly categorize proteins, genes and small molecules by metabolic pathway, disease state or other BioSystem type, without requiring time-consuming inference of biological relationships from the literature or multiple experimental datasets.

  20. Inter-organizational collaboration in bio-based business

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Nuhoff-Isakhanyan, Gohar

    2016-01-01

    Globally, bio-based business is often perceived as sustainable, because its renewable production can potentially lower carbon and greenhouse emissions by substituting fossil-fuel-based production, reduce environmental sourcing problems, and create turnover and jobs. However, bio-based business

  1. Pakistan's Approach Towards Cem-Bio Issues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khan, M. A.; Iqbal, J.

    2007-01-01

    Pakistan ratified the BWC and CWC as a non-possessive state at that time when international environment were fraught with uncertainties about Chem-Bio threat. The geographical location of Pakistan faces a serious multidimensional WMD threat which includes threat from, non-state actors and her neighbours especially after declaration of chemical weapons during process of ratification of CWC. Pakistan never pursued such chem-bio program with the aim to use it as a mean of deterrence in overall context of security policy and always encouraged any move regarding strengthening of national/international institutional efforts to counter potential misuse of chem-bio technology. Pakistan's position has consistently been positive, pragmatic and supportive. For better implementation of BWC and CWC in Pakistan, comprehensive policies have been formulated and National Authority has been established to work as National point of contact on CWC affairs. Pakistan CWC Act 2000, Pakistan Bio Safety Rules 2005 and Pakistan Export Control Act 2004 are the evidences of Pakistan's sincerity to the implementation of CWC and BWC. Pakistan has declared 15 industries involved with chemicals, out of which 06 have already been inspected by OPCW Inspectors. Pakistan has declared its national protective program and pursuing all possible measures to enhance the national capacity and potential to guard against chem-bio threats. Pakistan has proved that it is committed to the principles of disarmament, which could serve as confidence building measures and may help reducing distrust and regional tension.(author)

  2. Nano-catalysts for upgrading bio-oil: Catalytic decarboxylation and hydrodeoxygenation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uemura, Yoshimitsu; Tran, Nga T. T.; Naqvi, Salman Raza; Nishiyama, Norikazu

    2017-09-01

    Bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated chemicals produced by fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose, and has attracted much attention recently because the raw material is renewable. Primarily, bio-oil can be used as a replacement of heavy oil. But it is not highly recommended due to bio-oil's inferior properties: high acidity and short shelf life. Upgrading of bio-oil is therefore one of the important technologies nowadays, and is categorized into the two: (A) decrarboxylation/decarbonylation by solid acid catalysts and (B) hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) by metallic catalysts. In our research group, decarboxylation of bio-oil by zeolites and HDO of guaiacol (a model compound of bio-oil) have been investigated. In this paper, recent developments of these upgrading reactions in our research group will be introduced.

  3. Challenges for bio-based products in sustainable value chains

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cardon, L.; Lin, J.W.; De Groote, M.; Ragaert, K.; Kopecka, J.A.; Koster, R.P.

    2011-01-01

    This work concerns studies related to strategic development of products in which bio-based plastics are or will be applied, referred to as bio-based products. The studies cover (1) current and potential benefits of bio-based products in extended value chains including activities after end-of-life of

  4. Bio-functionalization of conductive textile materials with redox enzymes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kahoush, M.; Behary, N.; Cayla, A.; Nierstrasz, V.

    2017-10-01

    In recent years, immobilization of oxidoreductase enzymes on electrically conductive materials has played an important role in the development of sustainable bio-technologies. Immobilization process allows the re-use of these bio-catalysts in their final applications. In this study, different methods of immobilizing redox enzymes on conductive textile materials were used to produce bio-functionalized electrodes. These electrodes can be used for bio-processes and bio-sensing in eco-designed applications in domains such as medicine and pollution control. However, the main challenge facing the stability and durability of these electrodes is the maintenance of the enzymatic activity after the immobilization. Hence, preventing the enzyme’s denaturation and leaching is a critical factor for the success of the immobilization processes.

  5. Seleção de fornecedores no setor público: um estudo de caso em bio-manguinhos/ fiocruz

    OpenAIRE

    Paraguassu, Deyves Mendes; da Silva Macedo, Marcelo Alvaro

    2014-01-01

    A Bio-Manguinhos atua no mercado de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças por meio de vacinas, reativos para diagnóstico e biofármacos. Por ser uma instituição pública, compartilha com o restante da máquina pública a dificuldade em obter recursos para investimento. Além disso, possui características peculiares, como o fato de que o desenvolvimento de seus produtos pode levar mais de 20 anos. Diante desse cenário, a busca por parcerias para minimizar o tempo de desenvolvimento de um p...

  6. BioN∅T: A searchable database of biomedical negated sentences

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agarwal Shashank

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Negated biomedical events are often ignored by text-mining applications; however, such events carry scientific significance. We report on the development of BioN∅T, a database of negated sentences that can be used to extract such negated events. Description Currently BioN∅T incorporates ≈32 million negated sentences, extracted from over 336 million biomedical sentences from three resources: ≈2 million full-text biomedical articles in Elsevier and the PubMed Central, as well as ≈20 million abstracts in PubMed. We evaluated BioN∅T on three important genetic disorders: autism, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and found that BioN∅T is able to capture negated events that may be ignored by experts. Conclusions The BioN∅T database can be a useful resource for biomedical researchers. BioN∅T is freely available at http://bionot.askhermes.org/. In future work, we will develop semantic web related technologies to enrich BioN∅T.

  7. CLINICO-MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF BIO-OSS ® DURING BONE-PLASTIC OPERATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pavel SIDELNIKOV

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Aim: To study the clinical and morphological characteristics of Bio-Oss ® and Bio-Gate ® materials during bone-plastic operations, especially bone regeneration after surgical interventiond. Materials and method: The pathomorphological study was performed with the intravital biopsy material of bone tissue from augmentation areas, obtained during implants placement. Clinical studies included subjective and objective methods, in particular X-ray analysis and photo documenting. Bio-Oss ®, Bio-Gide ®, Bio-Gide ® Perio membranes, Resor-Pin pins, U-impl implant systems were investigated and 231 operations were performed with Bio-Oss ® and Bio-Gate ®, of which 38 cases of sinus lifting, 145 of bone plasty with simultaneous implantation and 48 cases of periodontal surgery. Results: Usage of bone-plastic Bio-OSS ® and Bio-Gate ® materials during various bone-plastic and periodontal operations assures a high clinical effect (from 93 to 99%. Morphologically, it has been observed that, after usage of bone Bio-OSS ® and Bio-Gate ® materials, a new osteoid tissue was formed, similar to the bone tissue of the alveolar process, with high mineralization levels, especially in the first 2 years, due to the simultaneous resorption of the material. The newly-formed tissue has a classical design and can fully perform the functions of jaw bones, especially for carrying loads transmitted with either teeth or implants.

  8. Utilização medicinal da secreção (“vacina-do-sapo”) do anfíbio kambô (Phyllomedusa bicolor) (Anura: Hylidae) por população não-indígena em Espigão do Oeste, Rondônia, Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio; Santos, Rosimeyri Aparecida

    2011-01-01

    http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n3p213 Anfíbios apresentam substâncias farmacologicamente ativas em sua pele com funções de proteção contra infecções de microorganismos e predadores. Algumas tribos indígenas no Sudoeste da Amazônia utilizam a secreção de Phyllomedusa bicolor para fins medicinais. Apesar de existirem relatos sobre a utilização dessa secreção em comunidades indígenas, praticamente nada existe em literatura sobre a prática em populações não indígenas. O presente es...

  9. BioNSi: A Discrete Biological Network Simulator Tool.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rubinstein, Amir; Bracha, Noga; Rudner, Liat; Zucker, Noga; Sloin, Hadas E; Chor, Benny

    2016-08-05

    Modeling and simulation of biological networks is an effective and widely used research methodology. The Biological Network Simulator (BioNSi) is a tool for modeling biological networks and simulating their discrete-time dynamics, implemented as a Cytoscape App. BioNSi includes a visual representation of the network that enables researchers to construct, set the parameters, and observe network behavior under various conditions. To construct a network instance in BioNSi, only partial, qualitative biological data suffices. The tool is aimed for use by experimental biologists and requires no prior computational or mathematical expertise. BioNSi is freely available at http://bionsi.wix.com/bionsi , where a complete user guide and a step-by-step manual can also be found.

  10. Households And Bio-Resources In Plateau State Nigeria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dasogot, A.D.

    2002-01-01

    The paper examines household dynamics as variables for bio-resource or biomass resource potentials and utilisation. Information was collected from 250 randomly selected households in five villages of the State, mainly using questionnaire administered on household heads, and a direct measurement/observation about what households have, do or say concerning the study problem. It was shown that insignificant quantity were utilised for various purposes like cooking and heating, but the bio-resources generated met both domestic and income needs of the households. It was concluded that beneficial use (compost, biogas or generation of electricity) should be found for the largely unused bio-resources and household dynamics should be integrated into bio-resource energy planning

  11. Atividade β-D-N-Acetilglucosaminidásica de enzimas imobilizadas extraídas da Artemia franciscana e possíveis aplicações biotecnológicas

    OpenAIRE

    Santos, Pablo de Castro

    2008-01-01

    A β-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase, extraída e parcialmente isolada do crustáceo Artemia franciscana através de precipitação com sulfato de amônio e cromatografia em gel filtração Bio Gel A 1.5m foi imobilizada em Dacron ferromagnético rendendo um derivado insolúvel ativo contendo 5,0 unid/mg de proteína e retendo 10,35% da atividade da enzima solúvel. A β-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase-Dacron ferromagnético foi facilmente removida do meio reacional com o auxílio de um campo magnético e pô...

  12. BioData: a national aquatic bioassessment database

    Science.gov (United States)

    MacCoy, Dorene

    2011-01-01

    BioData is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) web-enabled database that for the first time provides for the capture, curation, integration, and delivery of bioassessment data collected by local, regional, and national USGS projects. BioData offers field biologists advanced capabilities for entering, editing, and reviewing the macroinvertebrate, algae, fish, and supporting habitat data from rivers and streams. It offers data archival and curation capabilities that protect and maintain data for the long term. BioData provides the Federal, State, and local governments, as well as the scientific community, resource managers, the private sector, and the public with easy access to tens of thousands of samples collected nationwide from thousands of stream and river sites. BioData also provides the USGS with centralized data storage for delivering data to other systems and applications through automated web services. BioData allows users to combine data sets of known quality from different projects in various locations over time. It provides a nationally aggregated database for users to leverage data from many independent projects that, until now, was not feasible at this scale. For example, from 1991 to 2011, the USGS Idaho Water Science Center collected more than 816 bioassessment samples from 63 sites for the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program and more than 477 samples from 39 sites for a cooperative USGS and State of Idaho Statewide Water Quality Network (fig. 1). Using BioData, 20 years of samples collected for both of these projects can be combined for analysis. BioData delivers all of the data using current taxonomic nomenclature, thus relieving users of the difficult and time-consuming task of harmonizing taxonomy among samples collected during different time periods. Fish data are reported using the Integrated Taxonomic Information Service (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Numbers (TSN's). A simple web-data input interface and self-guided, public data

  13. Public Perception of Bio fuels; Percepcion Publica de los Biocombustibles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oltra, C.; Priolo, V.

    2011-11-10

    The deployment of bio fuels has generated a significant controversy in the energy, agricultural and environmental fields. Governments and promoters around the world have advocated for developing bio fuels based on their potential contribution to emissions reduction and energy security. But opposition to bio fuels has growth in the last years. Environmental NGO's and other stake holders have called for a review of the environmental and social sustainability of energy crops. This controversy has characterized the public debate around bio fuels. In this context, and given the need to improve public involvement in energy technologies, this article reports an investigation of Spanish citizens' perceptions about bio fuels. The study investigated the perceptions of informed citizens and the reasoning basis underlying beliefs and attitudes. The study finds an initial positive association of bio fuels to a clean and natural fuel that is mitigated by participants' concerns on the practical usage of bio fuels and the social and environmental impacts. Study participants' reactions show the need to differentiate among the diverse groups of publics holding differing views and a different reaction to information on the benefits and costs of bio fuels. (Author) 9 refs.

  14. Public Perception of Bio fuels; Percepcion Publica de los Biocombustibles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oltra, C; Priolo, V

    2011-11-10

    The deployment of bio fuels has generated a significant controversy in the energy, agricultural and environmental fields. Governments and promoters around the world have advocated for developing bio fuels based on their potential contribution to emissions reduction and energy security. But opposition to bio fuels has growth in the last years. Environmental NGO's and other stake holders have called for a review of the environmental and social sustainability of energy crops. This controversy has characterized the public debate around bio fuels. In this context, and given the need to improve public involvement in energy technologies, this article reports an investigation of Spanish citizens' perceptions about bio fuels. The study investigated the perceptions of informed citizens and the reasoning basis underlying beliefs and attitudes. The study finds an initial positive association of bio fuels to a clean and natural fuel that is mitigated by participants' concerns on the practical usage of bio fuels and the social and environmental impacts. Study participants' reactions show the need to differentiate among the diverse groups of publics holding differing views and a different reaction to information on the benefits and costs of bio fuels. (Author) 9 refs.

  15. Social Science Insights for the BioCCS Industry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne-Maree Dowd

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available BioCCS is a technology gaining support as a possible emissions reduction policy option to address climate change. The process entails the capture, transport and storage of carbon dioxide produced during energy production from biomass. Globally, the most optimistic energy efficiency scenarios cannot avoid an average temperature increase of +2 °C without bioCCS. Although very much at the commencement stage, bioCCS demonstration projects can provide opportunity to garner knowledge, achieve consensus and build support around the technology’s properties. Yet many challenges face the bioCCS industry, including no guarantee biomass will always be from sustainable sources or potentially result in carbon stock losses. The operating environment also has no or limited policies, regulations and legal frameworks, and risk and safety concerns abound. Some state the key problem for bioCCS is cultural, lacking in a ‘community of support’, awareness and credibility amongst its own key stakeholders and the wider public. Therefore, the industry can benefit from the growing social science literature, drawing upon other energy and resource based industries with regard to social choice for future energy options. To this end, the following scoping review was conducted in order to ascertain gaps in existing public perception and acceptance research focusing on bioCCS.

  16. Bio-Mimetic Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Membranes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catia Algieri

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available An important challenge for scientific research is the production of artificial systems able to mimic the recognition mechanisms occurring at the molecular level in living systems. A valid contribution in this direction resulted from the development of molecular imprinting. By means of this technology, selective molecular recognition sites are introduced in a polymer, thus conferring it bio-mimetic properties. The potential applications of these systems include affinity separations, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, catalysis, etc. Recently, bio-sensing systems using molecularly imprinted membranes, a special form of imprinted polymers, have received the attention of scientists in various fields. In these systems imprinted membranes are used as bio-mimetic recognition elements which are integrated with a transducer component. The direct and rapid determination of an interaction between the recognition element and the target analyte (template was an encouraging factor for the development of such systems as alternatives to traditional bio-assay methods. Due to their high stability, sensitivity and specificity, bio-mimetic sensors-based membranes are used for environmental, food, and clinical uses. This review deals with the development of molecularly imprinted polymers and their different preparation methods. Referring to the last decades, the application of these membranes as bio-mimetic sensor devices will be also reported.

  17. Bio-Mimetic Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Membranes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Algieri, Catia; Drioli, Enrico; Guzzo, Laura; Donato, Laura

    2014-01-01

    An important challenge for scientific research is the production of artificial systems able to mimic the recognition mechanisms occurring at the molecular level in living systems. A valid contribution in this direction resulted from the development of molecular imprinting. By means of this technology, selective molecular recognition sites are introduced in a polymer, thus conferring it bio-mimetic properties. The potential applications of these systems include affinity separations, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, catalysis, etc. Recently, bio-sensing systems using molecularly imprinted membranes, a special form of imprinted polymers, have received the attention of scientists in various fields. In these systems imprinted membranes are used as bio-mimetic recognition elements which are integrated with a transducer component. The direct and rapid determination of an interaction between the recognition element and the target analyte (template) was an encouraging factor for the development of such systems as alternatives to traditional bio-assay methods. Due to their high stability, sensitivity and specificity, bio-mimetic sensors-based membranes are used for environmental, food, and clinical uses. This review deals with the development of molecularly imprinted polymers and their different preparation methods. Referring to the last decades, the application of these membranes as bio-mimetic sensor devices will be also reported. PMID:25196110

  18. Bio-tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants

    CERN Document Server

    Yan, Yu

    2013-01-01

    During their service life, most biomaterials and medical implants are vulnerable to tribological damage. In addition, the environments in which they are placed are often corrosive. The combination of triobology, corrosion and the biological environment has been named 'bio-tribocorrosion'. Understanding this complex phenomenon is critical to improving the design and service life of medical implants. This important book reviews recent key research in this area. After an introduction to the topography of bio-tribocorrosion, Part one discusses different types of tribocorrosion including fatigue-corrosion, fretting-corrosion, wear-corrosion and abrasion-corrosion. The book also discusses the prediction of wear in medical devices. Part two looks at biological effects on tribocorrosion processes, including how proteins interact with material surfaces and the evolution of surface changes due to bio-tribocorrosion resulting from biofilms and passive films. Part three reviews the issue of bio-tribocorrosion in clinical...

  19. Bio-remediation of a sludge containing hydrocarbons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ayotamuno, M.J.; Okparanma, R.N.; Nweneka, E.K.; Ogaji, S.O.T.; Probert, S.D.

    2007-01-01

    Bio-augmentation has been used as a bio-remediation option for hydrocarbon-contaminated, oily-sludge restoration. This sludge was obtained from the Bonny-Terminal Improvement Project (BTIP) for Bonny Island, near Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Its total hydrocarbon-content (THC) was 69,372 mg/kg of sludge. Three treatment reactors (X, Y and Z) and one control reactor (A) were charged with 1500 g of oily sludge and 250 g of agricultural soil (i.e. an oily sludge to soil ratio of 6:1), the mixture homogenized and allowed to settle for seven days before various CFUs were added to reactors X, Y and Z. Reactor A did not receive any bio-preparation. The agricultural soil served both as a nutrient and a microbe carrier. With regularly scheduled mixing and watering, the THC reduction in the oily sludge varied between 40.7% and 53.2% within two weeks as well as between 63.7% and 84.5% within six weeks of applying the bio-remediation. The CFU counts of the added bio-preparation varied between 1.2 x 12 12 and 3.0 x 10 12 CFU/g of sludge and decreased to 7.0 x 10 11 CFU/g of sludge by the end of the sixth week. The pH of the degrading sludge fluctuated between 6.5 and 7.8 during the same period. When compared with the performance of the indigenous microbes in the control sample, the added bio-preparation evidently increased the THC reduction rate in the oily sludge

  20. A influência da queiloplastia realizada em tempo único e em dois tempos cirúrgicos no padrão oclusal de crianças com fissura bilateral completa de lábio e palato Influence of lip repair performed in one and two surgical times on the dental pattern of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Omar Gabriel da Silva Filho

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: analisar a influência da queiloplastia realizada em tempo único e em dois tempos cirúrgicos no padrão oclusal de cirnaças com fissuras bilateral completa de lábio e palato. METODOLOGIA: a relação oclusal, de acordo com o índice Bauru, para a fissura bilateral completa de lábio e palato, foi estudada em uma amostra de 91 crianças nos estágios de dentadura decídua e mista. As crianças apresentavam fissura bilateral completa de lábio e palato e encontravam-se distribuídas na faixa etária compreendida entre 4 anos e 3 meses e 11 anos no momento do exame oclusal. Todas as crianças foram operadas na infância, no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP, obedecendo dois protocolos de queiloplastia primária: 53 crianças foram submetidas à queiloplastia em tempo único (G1 e 38 crianças foram submetidas à queiloplastia em dois tempos cirúrgicos (G2. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: o padrão oclusal, mensurado com base numa escala de 1 a 5, de acordo com o índice Bauru para fissura bilateral completa de lábio e palato, obteve média de 2,28 e 2,51 para a queiloplastia realizada em tempo único e em dois tempos cirúrgicos, respectivamente. Os resultados permitem concluir que as cirurgias plásticas primárias comprometem a oclusão na dentadura decídua e mista, independentemente do número de etapas para a realização da queiloplastia.AIM: To analyse the influence of lip repair performed in one and two surgical times on the dental pattern of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate. METHODS: The occlusal relationship of 91 children in the primary and mixed dentition with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP and aged 4 years and 4 months to 21 years was assessed according the Bauru yardstick. All children had BCLP and were operated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, on the basis of two surgical protocols. Of the

  1. Evaluation of Emissions Bio diesel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodriguez Maroto, J. J.; Dorronsoro Arenal, J. L.; Rojas Garcia, E.; Perez Pastor, R.; Garcia Alonso, S.

    2007-01-01

    The generation of energy from vegetal products is one of the possibilities to our reach in order to reduce the atmospheric pollution. Particularly, the use of bio diesel in internal combustion engines can be one of the best options. The finest particles emitted by the combustion engines are easily breathable and on them different substances can be absorbed presumably toxic, between which it is possible to emphasize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), by its demonstrated carcinogen character. In this work, it is studied on the one hand, the characteristics that can present the aerosol of emission in a diesel engine with a maximum power of 97 kW, working without load to 600 rpm, using as combustible mixtures of bio diesel and diesel in different proportions. On the other hand, the evolution that takes place in the concentration of PAHs in emission particles, according to the percentage of bio diesel used in the combustible mixture. (Author) 9 refs

  2. Evaluation of Emissions Bio diesel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodriguez Maroto, J J; Dorronsoro Arenal, J L; Rojas Garcia, E; Perez Pastor, R; Garcia Alonso, S

    2007-09-27

    The generation of energy from vegetal products is one of the possibilities to our reach in order to reduce the atmospheric pollution. Particularly, the use of bio diesel in internal combustion engines can be one of the best options. The finest particles emitted by the combustion engines are easily breathable and on them different substances can be absorbed presumably toxic, between which it is possible to emphasize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), by its demonstrated carcinogen character. In this work, it is studied on the one hand, the characteristics that can present the aerosol of emission in a diesel engine with a maximum power of 97 kW, working without load to 600 rpm, using as combustible mixtures of bio diesel and diesel in different proportions. On the other hand, the evolution that takes place in the concentration of PAHs in emission particles, according to the percentage of bio diesel used in the combustible mixture. (Author) 9 refs.

  3. Cafeína e performance em exercícios anaeróbios Caffeine and performance in anaerobic exercise

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandro Ricardo Altimari

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available O efeito ergogênico da cafeína sobre a performance em exercícios físicos anaeróbios ainda não esta claro, da mesma forma que os mecanismos de ação envolvidos nesse tipo de esforço físico. As teorias que têm tentado explicar o efeito ergogênico da cafeína durante o exercício físico anaeróbio esta relacionada ao efeito da cafeína em alguma porção do sistema nervoso central (SNC, e a propagação dos sinais neurais entre o cérebro e a junção neuromuscular, e também ao efeito da cafeína sobre o músculo esquelético, facilitando a estimulação-contração do músculo esquelético. Alguns estudos têm indicado aumento da força muscular acompanhado de maior resistência à instalação do processo de fadiga muscular após a ingestão de cafeína. Sugere-se que isso ocorra muito mais pela ação direta da cafeína no SNC do que pela sua ação em nível periférico. Com relação aos exercícios máximos e supramáximos de curta duração, os estudos têm-se demonstrado controversos, embora a maior parte indique que a cafeína parece melhorar significativamente a performance em exercícios máximos de curta duração (The ergogenic effects of caffeine on performance in anaerobic activites are not clear yet, so are the mechanisms involved in this type of physical effort. The theories that have been trying to explain the ergogenic effects of caffeine during anaerobic activities are related to the effect of caffeine in some portion of the central nervous system (CNS, the propagation of neural signs between brain and neuromuscular junction, and also to the effect of caffeine on the skeletal muscle, facilitating the stimulation-contraction of the skeletal muscle. Some studies have been indicating increases of muscular strength accompanied by greater resistance to the installation of the process of muscular fatigue after caffeine ingestion. It has been suggested that it happens much more by the direct action of caffeine in CNS than

  4. Governance of the emerging bio-energy markets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Verdonk, M.; Dieperink, C.; Faaij, A.P.C.

    2007-01-01

    Despite its promising prospects, a growing global bio-energy market may have sustainability risks as well. Governing this market with respect to installing safeguards to ensure sustainable biomass production might reduce these risks. Therefore, proposals for governance systems for bio-energy are discussed in this article. The proposals are based on comparative case study research on the governance of comparable commodities. By assessing the governance system of global coffee trade, fair trade coffee, the global and the EU sugar market and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) wood, strong and weak points of governance systems for commodities are discerned. FSC is selected as the best performing case study and serves as the proposal's basis. FSC's weaknesses are minimized by, among others, using the lessons learned from the other case studies. This results in a system consisting of two pillars, a bio-energy labelling organization (BLO) and a United Nations Agreement on Bio-energy (UNAB). Although consulted experts in the research process are critical about this system they do suggest several conditions a governance system for bio-energy should meet in order to be effective, such as a facilitative government, professional monitoring and using progressive certification combined with price premiums. These conditions have been taken into account in the final proposal. (author)

  5. Governance of the emerging bio-energy markets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Verdonk, M. [Department of Water and Energy, Grontmij Nederland BV, P.O. Box 203, 3730 AE, De Bilt (Netherlands); Dieperink, C. [Department of Innovation and Environmental Studies, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht (Netherlands); Faaij, A.P.C. [Department of Science, Technology and Society, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht (Netherlands)

    2007-07-15

    Despite its promising prospects, a growing global bio-energy market may have sustainability risks as well. Governing this market with respect to installing safeguards to ensure sustainable biomass production might reduce these risks. Therefore, proposals for governance systems for bio-energy are discussed in this article. The proposals are based on comparative case study research on the governance of comparable commodities. By assessing the governance system of global coffee trade, fair trade coffee, the global and the EU sugar market and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) wood, strong and weak points of governance systems for commodities are discerned. FSC is selected as the best performing case study and serves as the proposal's basis. FSC's weaknesses are minimized by, among others, using the lessons learned from the other case studies. This results in a system consisting of two pillars, a bio-energy labelling organization (BLO) and a United Nations Agreement on Bio-energy (UNAB). Although consulted experts in the research process are critical about this system they do suggest several conditions a governance system for bio-energy should meet in order to be effective, such as a facilitative government, professional monitoring and using progressive certification combined with price premiums. These conditions have been taken into account in the final proposal. (author)

  6. Micorriza arbuscular e rizóbios no enraizamento e nutrição de mudas de angico-vermelho Arbuscular mycorrhizae and rhizobium in rooting and nutrition of angico-vermelho seedlings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Poliana Coqueiro Dias

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs e rizóbio no enraizamento, crescimento e nutrição de mudas de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth Brenan propagadas via miniestaquia. Foram utilizadas seis progênies, das quais foram confeccionadas miniestacas com um par de folhas inteiras, bem como tubetes de 55 cm³ contendo substrato comercial Bioplant®. Foram testados quatro tratamentos: 8 kg m-3 de superfosfato simples (SS misturados ao substrato; 4 kg m-3 de SS misturados ao substrato; 4 kg m-3 de SS misturados ao substrato e adição de suspensão contendo rizóbios; e 4 kg m-3 de SS e adição de suspensão contendo rizóbios e 5 g de solo contendo esporos de FMAs. Não houve interação entre os tratamentos para percentagem de sobrevivência das miniestacas e percentagem de miniestacas com raízes observadas na extremidade inferior do tubete, na saída da casa de vegetação (30 dias e da casa de sombra (40 dias, provavelmente em função do sistema radicular ainda estar em formação. Houve diferenças entre as progênies para percentagem de sobrevivência das miniestacas, percentagem de miniestacas com raízes observadas na extremidade inferior do tubete, altura, diâmetro de colo e massa seca da parte aérea. As avaliações das características de crescimento das miniestacas enraizadas, principalmente com relação à sobrevivência a pleno sol (140 dias, evidenciam a eficiência dos rizóbios e FMAs na produção de mudas desta espécie. Conclui-se que a associação simbiótica com rizóbio e/ou FMA favorece a produção de mudas de A. macrocarpa via miniestaquia.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF and rhizobium on rooting, growth and nutrition of seedlings of angico-red (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth Brenan propagated by minicutting. Six progenies were used, of which were prepared

  7. Jatropha bio-diesel production and use

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Achten, W.M.J.; Aerts, R.; Muys, B.; Verchot, L.; Franken, Y.J.; Mathijs, E.; Singh, V.P.

    2008-01-01

    The interest in using Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) as a feedstock for the production of bio-diesel is rapidly growing. The properties of the crop and its oil have persuaded investors, policy makers and clean development mechanism (CDM) project developers to consider JCL as a substitute for fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, JCL is still a wild plant of which basic agronomic properties are not thoroughly understood and the environmental effects have not been investigated yet. Gray literature reports are very optimistic on simultaneous wasteland reclamation capability and oil yields, further fueling the Jatropha bio-diesel hype. In this paper, we give an overview of the currently available information on the different process steps of the production process of bio-diesel from JCL, being cultivation and production of seeds, extraction of the oil, conversion to and the use of the bio-diesel and the by-products. Based on this collection of data and information the best available practice, the shortcomings and the potential environmental risks and benefits are discussed for each production step. The review concludes with a call for general precaution and for science to be applied. (author)

  8. Jatropha bio-diesel production and use

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Achten, W.M.J.; Aerts, R.; Muys, B. [Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Celestijnenlaan 200 E Box 2411, BE-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Verchot, L. [World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Head Quarters, United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi (Kenya); Franken, Y.J. [FACT Foundation, Horsten 1, 5612 AX Eindhoven (Netherlands); Mathijs, E. [Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Division Agricultural and Food Economics, Willem de Croylaan 42 Box 2424, BE-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Singh, V.P. [World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Regional Office for South Asia, CG Block, 1st Floor, National Agricultural Science Centre, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012 (India)

    2008-12-15

    The interest in using Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) as a feedstock for the production of bio-diesel is rapidly growing. The properties of the crop and its oil have persuaded investors, policy makers and clean development mechanism (CDM) project developers to consider JCL as a substitute for fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, JCL is still a wild plant of which basic agronomic properties are not thoroughly understood and the environmental effects have not been investigated yet. Gray literature reports are very optimistic on simultaneous wasteland reclamation capability and oil yields, further fueling the Jatropha bio-diesel hype. In this paper, we give an overview of the currently available information on the different process steps of the production process of bio-diesel from JCL, being cultivation and production of seeds, extraction of the oil, conversion to and the use of the bio-diesel and the by-products. Based on this collection of data and information the best available practice, the shortcomings and the potential environmental risks and benefits are discussed for each production step. The review concludes with a call for general precaution and for science to be applied. (author)

  9. Submerged process of bio films; Procesos sumergidos de biopelicula

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hontoria, E.; Zamorano, M.; Gomez, M.A.; Gonzalez, J. [Departamento de Ingeneria Civil, Universidad de Granada (Spain)

    1995-07-01

    The bio film process is the most frequently used one for the water treatment. This article presents the advantages of the bio film process, and its conclusion is: the increase of bio film takes place in 9 days, the appearance of nitrites and the small importance of feeding coefficients for the temperature of water.

  10. Preparation of Bio-beads and Their Atrazine Degradation Characteristics

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    BI Hai-tao; ZHANG Lan-ying; LIU Na; ZHU Bo-lin

    2011-01-01

    Screened atrazine-mineralizing bacterium-Pseudomonas W4 was embedded inside an improved PVAH3BO3 embedment matrix to make bio-beads to degrade atrazine. The atrazine degradation characteristics were studied. The preparation procedure of bio-beads was as follows: (1) preparing a mixture of 100, 12.5, 10, 1.5 and 1 g/L PVA, bentonite(Ca), activated carbon powder, sodium alginate and centrifuged Pseudomonas W4 bacterium, respectively; (2) the mixture was dropped into a gently stirred cross linker solution(pH=6.7) and cured at 10 ℃ for 24 h.The optimal atrazine degradation conditions by bio-beads were as follows: pH=7, the auxiliary carbon source was glucose, and the concentration of glucose was greater than 325 mg/L. The bio-beads demonstrated stronger tolerance ability than the free microorganism to the increase of PCBs, hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion. SEM images show the uniform distribution of the microorganism inside bio-beads and the porous cross-linked structure of bio-beads which provides excellent mass transfer capacity.

  11. Potency of bio-charcoal briquette from leather cassava tubers and industrial sludge

    Science.gov (United States)

    Citrasari, Nita; Pinatih, Tety A.; Kuncoro, Eko P.; Soegianto, Agoes; Salamun, Irawan, Bambang

    2017-06-01

    The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the bio-charcoal briquette with materials from leather cassava tubers and sludge of wastewater treatment plant. The first, bio-charcoal briquette analized stability test and compressive strength. Then, bio-charcoal briquette with best value analyzed for parameter including moisture content, ash content, calorific content, and burned test. The result briquette quality based on compressive strength for bio-charcoal briquettes carbonated water content between 3.8%-4.5% and non-carbonated bio-charcoal briquettes between 5.2%-7.6%. Bio-charcoal carbonation briquette ash content was between 5.30%-7.40% and non-carbonated bio-charcoal briquettes was between 6.86%-7.46%. Bio-charcoal carbonation levels briquettes heated between 578.2 calories/g-1837.7 calories/g and non carbonatedbio-charcoal briquettes between 858.1 calories/g-891.1 calories/g. Carbonated bio-charcoal burned test was between 48-63 minutes and non-carbonated bio-charcoal was between 22-42 minutes. Emissions resulted from the bio-charcoal briquettes for carbonated and non carbonated composition according to the government regulations ESDM No. 047 of 2006 which, at 128 mg/Nm3 and 139 mg/Nm3.

  12. Bioelectronic platforms for optimal bio-anode of bio-electrochemical systems: From nano- to macro scopes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Bongkyu; An, Junyeong; Fapyane, Deby; Chang, In Seop

    2015-11-01

    The current trend of bio-electrochemical systems is to improve strategies related to their applicability and potential for scaling-up. To date, literature has suggested strategies, but the proposal of correlations between each research field remains insufficient. This review paper provides a correlation based on platform techniques, referred to as bio-electronics platforms (BEPs). These BEPs consist of three platforms divided by scope scale: nano-, micro-, and macro-BEPs. In the nano-BEP, several types of electron transfer mechanisms used by electrochemically active bacteria are discussed. In the micro-BEP, factors affecting the formation of conductive biofilms and transport of electrons in the conductive biofilm are investigated. In the macro-BEP, electrodes and separators in bio-anode are debated in terms of real applications, and a scale-up strategy is discussed. Overall, the challenges of each BEP are highlighted, and potential solutions are suggested. In addition, future research directions are provided and research ideas proposed to develop research interest. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Increase of Bio-Gas Power Potential

    OpenAIRE

    V. A. Sednin; О. F. Kraetskaya; I. N. Prokoрenia

    2012-01-01

    The paper presents a review of industrial technologies for obtaining gas-synthesis which is applicable for bio-gas enrichment process. Comparative characteristics are given in the paper. The paper thoroughly considers a technology of dry methane conversion as the most expedient variant recommended for the application in this case. The bio-gas enrichment carried out during its production expands possibilities and efficiency of its application.

  14. Application of bio-marker to study on tumor radiosensitivity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guo Wanfeng; Ding Guirong; Han Liangfu

    2001-01-01

    To definite tumor radiosensitivity is important for applying the schedules of individualization of patient radiotherapy. Many laboratories were carrying on the research which predict the tumor radiosensitivity with one bio-marker or/and multi-bio-marker in various levels. At present has not witnessed the specific bio-marker, but it provides an excellent model for predicting tumor radiosensitivity

  15. Concilier cantine bio et agriculture locale, les voies possibles

    OpenAIRE

    Aubry, Christine

    2012-01-01

    revue en ligne; Les cantines bio peinent souvent à concilier produits bio et circuits courts. Face au risque de « dilution de l’esprit pionnier », des expériences récentes montrent que le recours à des intermédiaires dans la chaîne agroalimentaire peut constituer une voie de diffusion du bio dans les cantines.

  16. Co-processing potential of HTL bio-crude at petroleum refineries

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hoffmann, Jessica; Jensen, Claus Uhrenholt; Rosendahl, Lasse Aistrup

    2016-01-01

    assays, adapted from conventional crude oil assays, have been obtained, including fractionation of the bio-crude through 15:5 vacuum distillation. The bio-crude and its fractions have been analyzed with respect to heating value, elemental composition, density and oxygen-containing functional groups....... Results show a highly promising bio-crude quality, with a higher heating value of 40.4 MJ/kg, elemental oxygen content of 5.3 wt.%, a specific gravity of 0.97 and a distillation recovery of ∼53.4 wt.% at an atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) of 375 °C, . Results show that only minor upgrading......This study presents detailed chemical and thermophysical analysis of bio-crude from a continuous hydrothermal liquefaction research plant. Current research on bio-crude focuses mainly on specific biomass feedstocks and conversion process conditions and resulting yields rather than on bio-crude...

  17. As fronteiras da pesquisa antropológica: Ética, Autonomia e Tráfico de Órgãos. Um comentário a The Global Traffic in Human Organs, de Nancy Scheper-Hughes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Debora Diniz

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available O debate sobre os fundamentos éticos da comercialização de partes do corpo humano cresce a cada dia na bioética. Este artigo discute os princípios da ética e da autonomia contidos no mais importante estudo etnográfico sobre o tráfico internacional de órgãos, trabalho coordenado pela antropóloga Nancy Scheper-Hughes. O artigo mostra que a defesa da ética da não-comercialização exige o reconhecimento de fundamentos absolutos e inalienáveis para o ser humano, um pressuposto político cuja legitimidade os antropólogos relativistas resistem em reconhecer.

  18. Production of gaseous and liquid bio-fuels from the upgrading of lignocellulosic bio-oil in sub- and supercritical water: Effect of operating conditions on the process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Remón, J.; Arcelus-Arrillaga, P.; García, L.; Arauzo, J.

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Bio-oil valorisation in sub-/supercritical water: a promising route for bio-fuels. • Effect of P, T, t, catalyst and water regime on bio-oil upgrading studied in depth. • Tailor-made route for H_2, CH_4 and liquid bio-fuel production in a single process. • Upgraded liquid with high proportions of C and H, higher HHV and less O content. - Abstract: This work analyses the influence of the temperature (310–450 °C), pressure (200–260 bar), catalyst/bio-oil mass ratio (0–0.25 g catalyst/g bio-oil), and reaction time (0–60 min) on the reforming in sub- and supercritical water of bio-oil obtained from the fast pyrolysis of pinewood. The upgrading experiments were carried out in a batch micro-bomb reactor employing a co-precipitated Ni–Co/Al–Mg catalyst. This reforming process turned out to be highly customisable for the valorisation of bio-oil for the production of either gaseous or liquid bio-fuels. Depending on the operating conditions and water regime (sub/supercritical), the yields to upgraded bio-oil (liquid), gas and solid varied as follows: 5–90%, 7–91% and 3–31%, respectively. The gas phase, having a LHV ranging from 2 to 17 MJ/m"3 STP, was made up of a mixture of H_2 (9–31 vol.%), CO_2 (41–84 vol.%), CO (1–22 vol.%) and CH_4 (1–45 vol.%). The greatest H_2 production from bio-oil (76% gas yield with a relative amount of H_2 of 30 vol.%) was achieved under supercritical conditions at a temperature of 339 °C, 200 bar of pressure and using a catalyst/bio-oil ratio of 0.2 g/g for 60 min. The amount of C, H and O (wt.%) in the upgraded bio-oil varied from 48 to 74, 4 to 9 and 13 to 48, respectively. This represents an increase of up to 37% and 171% in the proportions of C and H, respectively, as well as a decrease of up to 69% in the proportion of O. The HHV of the treated bio-oil shifted from 20 to 35 MJ/kg, which corresponds to an increase of up to 89% with respect to the HHV of the original bio-oil. With a

  19. A PELE (LEI DA ESCRITURA: DURAS E O QUE PERDURA DE PERDA PURA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arminda Silva de Serpa

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available A relação entre lei e escritura é o tema central desse trabalho. Destacamos, como textos básicos, A Doença da Morte, de Duras e Televisão, de Lacan. A expressão lacaniana: "do que perdura de perda pura ao que só aposta do pai ao pior" serviu-nos como fundamento para pensar a "dura lex" da dissolução, que também poderia ser chamada de "perda pura" ou ainda o "toque do real". Duras escreve sobre a ausência, a vivência trágica do abandono; o lugar do erótico como fenda, intermitência; a festa da língua e o "jogo da mão quente", ou seja, sobre "babel feliz". Esta teia das confusões da língua, do entrelaçamento de línguas foi denominada por Barthes como texto do prazer e prazer do texto, isto é, a escritura como pura fruição. Esta é analisada aqui através do que Brandão denominou de narrativa-espelho, apreendida como metáfora do reflexo, refluxo e do corte, relacionada ao simbólico, imaginário e ao conceito de real. O literário, desta forma, é visto como território da miragem, da "língua secreta" do sexo e da castração; da "inversão nos lábios" e "ouvidos" ou "lituraterra", letra e lixo. Terra. Nesta outra versão do que está dentro, mas fora; do que está fora, mas dentro – Lacan aponta o nó da escritura de Duras como um belo envoltório. Nele, o centro está no perigo do olhar, da angústia. Nosso estudo, portanto, é uma leitura de Duras, atravessada por outra de Lacan sobre Duras, como uma técnica en Abyme. A prática da letra em Duras é reveladora, segundo Lacan, de uma escrita do inconsciente pois expõe a convergência entre a demanda da letra, do desejo e a angústia da lei da "perda pura". Do almar.

  20. Production of Hydrogen from Bio-ethanol

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fabrice Giroudiere; Christophe Boyer; Stephane His; Robert Sanger; Kishore Doshi; Jijun Xu

    2006-01-01

    IFP and HyRadix are collaborating in the development of a new hydrogen production system from liquid feedstock such as bio-ethanol. Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along with high hydrogen yield are the key objectives. Market application of the system will be hydrogen refueling stations as well as medium scale hydrogen consumers including the electronics, metals processing, and oils hydrogenation industries. The conversion of bio-ethanol to hydrogen will be performed within a co-developed process including an auto-thermal reformer working under pressure. The technology will produce high-purity hydrogen with ultralow CO content. The catalytic auto-thermal reforming technology combines the exothermic and endothermic reaction and leads to a highly efficient heat integration. The development strategy to reach a high hydrogen yield target with the bio-ethanol hydrogen generator is presented. (authors)

  1. Technical and technological solution for vegetal bio-stimulants obtaining

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anghelache, D. G.; Diaconescu, I.; Pătraşcu, R.

    2017-08-01

    The paper presents a modern technology for bio fertilizers resulted from waste plant mass after harvesting crops Experimental products were obtained rich in nutrients, but unstable in terms of existing microorganisms. Therefore, they conducted further studies to obtaining bio fungicide herb, so in all investigations undertaken so far in the laboratory, were able to conclude that the introduction of medicinal plant extracts with fungicidal effect into the bio fertilizers obtained by degradation of plant material post-harvest can get various bio-stimulants with nourishing effect upon the plants. Following this technology the paper’s objective is to identify a flux scheme for experimental equipment which can produce as final outcome this type of bio-stimulant. Also, in this work, this equipment will be chosen and will be designed following and obeying to the request of every step of the above technology.

  2. BioBoost. Biomass based energy intermediates boosting bio-fuel production

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Niebel, Andreas [Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (KIT), Karlsruhe (Germany). Institut fuer Katalyseforschung und -technologie (IKFT)

    2013-10-01

    To increase the share of biomass for renewable energy in Europe conversion pathways which are economic, flexible in feedstock and energy efficient are needed. The BioBoost project concentrates on dry and wet residual biomass and wastes as feedstock for de-central conversion by fast pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization to the intermediate energy carriers oil, coal or slurry. Based on straw the energy density increases from 2 to 20-30 GJ/m{sup 3}, enabling central GW scale gasification plants for bio-fuel production. A logistic model for feedstock supply and connection of de-central with central conversion is set up and validated allowing the determination of costs, the number and location of de-central and central sites. Techno/economic and environmental assessment of the value chain supports the optimization of products and processes. The utilization of energy carriers is investigated in existing and coming applications of heat and power production and synthetic fuels and chemicals. (orig.)

  3. Temperature dependence on the synthesis of Jatropha bio lubricant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gunam Resul, M.F.M.; Tinia Idaty Mohd Ghazi; Idris, A.

    2009-01-01

    Full text: Jatropha oil has good potential as the renewable energy as well as lubricant feedstock. The synthesis of jatropha bio lubricant was performed by transesterification of jatropha methyl ester (JME) with trimethyl-ol-propane (TMP) with sodium methoxide (NaOCH 3 ) catalyst. The effects of temperature on the synthesis were studied at a range between 120 degree Celsius and 200 degree Celsius with pressure kept at 10 mbar. The conversion of JME to jatropha bio lubricant was found to be the highest (47 %) at 200 degree Celsius. However, it was suggested that the optimum temperature of the reaction is at 150 degree Celsius due to insignificant improvement in bio lubricant production. To maintain forward reaction, the excess amount of JME was maintained at 3.9:1 ratios to TMP. Kinetic study was done and compared. The synthesis was found to follow a second order reaction with overall rate constant of 1.49 x 10 -1 (% wt/ wt.min.degree Celsius) -1 . The estimated activation energy was 3.94 kJ/mol. Pour point for jatropha bio lubricant was at -3 degree Celsius and Viscosity Index (VI) ranged from 178 to 183. The basic properties of jatropha bio lubricant, pour point and viscosities are found comparable to other plant based bio lubricant, namely palm oil and soybean based bio lubricant. (author)

  4. BioWarehouse: a bioinformatics database warehouse toolkit.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Thomas J; Pouliot, Yannick; Wagner, Valerie; Gupta, Priyanka; Stringer-Calvert, David W J; Tenenbaum, Jessica D; Karp, Peter D

    2006-03-23

    This article addresses the problem of interoperation of heterogeneous bioinformatics databases. We introduce BioWarehouse, an open source toolkit for constructing bioinformatics database warehouses using the MySQL and Oracle relational database managers. BioWarehouse integrates its component databases into a common representational framework within a single database management system, thus enabling multi-database queries using the Structured Query Language (SQL) but also facilitating a variety of database integration tasks such as comparative analysis and data mining. BioWarehouse currently supports the integration of a pathway-centric set of databases including ENZYME, KEGG, and BioCyc, and in addition the UniProt, GenBank, NCBI Taxonomy, and CMR databases, and the Gene Ontology. Loader tools, written in the C and JAVA languages, parse and load these databases into a relational database schema. The loaders also apply a degree of semantic normalization to their respective source data, decreasing semantic heterogeneity. The schema supports the following bioinformatics datatypes: chemical compounds, biochemical reactions, metabolic pathways, proteins, genes, nucleic acid sequences, features on protein and nucleic-acid sequences, organisms, organism taxonomies, and controlled vocabularies. As an application example, we applied BioWarehouse to determine the fraction of biochemically characterized enzyme activities for which no sequences exist in the public sequence databases. The answer is that no sequence exists for 36% of enzyme activities for which EC numbers have been assigned. These gaps in sequence data significantly limit the accuracy of genome annotation and metabolic pathway prediction, and are a barrier for metabolic engineering. Complex queries of this type provide examples of the value of the data warehousing approach to bioinformatics research. BioWarehouse embodies significant progress on the database integration problem for bioinformatics.

  5. Bio-energy in Europe: changing technology choices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Faaij, Andre P.C.

    2006-01-01

    Bio-energy is seen as one of the key options to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and substitute fossil fuels. This is certainly evident in Europe, where a kaleidoscope of activities and programs was and is executed for developing and stimulating bio-energy. Over the past 10-15 years in the European Union, heat and electricity production from biomass increased with some 2% and 9% per year, respectively, between 1990 and 2000 and biofuel production increased about eight-fold in the same period. Biomass contributed some two-thirds of the total renewable energy production in the European Union (EU) (2000 PJ) or 4% of the total energy supply in 1999. Given the targets for heat, power and biofuels, this contribution may rise to some 10% (6000 PJ) in 2010. Over time, the scale at which bio-energy is being used has increased considerably. This is true for electricity and combined heat and power plants, and how biomass markets are developing from purely regional to international markets, with increasing cross-border trade-flows. So far, national policy programs proved to be of vital importance for the success of the development of bio-energy, which led to very specific technological choices in various countries. For the future, a supra-national approach is desired: comprehensive research development, demonstration and deployment trajectories for key options as biomass integrated gasification/combined cycle and advanced biofuel concepts, develop an international biomass market allowing for international trade and an integral policy approach for bio-energy incorporating energy, agricultural, forestry, waste and industrial policies. The Common Agricultural Policy of the (extended) EU should fully incorporate bio-energy and perennial crops in particular

  6. Novas tecnologias reprodutivas conceptivas: bioética e controvérsias New reproductive conception technologies: bioethics and controversies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlene Tamanini

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo trata de alguns dos múltiplos aspectos éticos/bioéticos e de gênero no campo das novas tecnologias reprodutivas conceptivas (NTRc. A literatura nele apresentada aponta para a pluralidade de situações e abordagens possíveis em um campo multidimensional e controvertido. Explicita alguns princípios éticos/bioéticos do agir biomédico encontrados durante pesquisa com casais heterossexuais que fizeram reprodução assistida e com médic@s especialistas em reprodução humana no Sul do Brasil.1 Apresenta os pressupostos éticos/bioéticos sancionadores do agir médico e da continuidade dos chamados tratamentos para engravidar, e analisa os mecanismos utilizados para reerguer as expectativas dos casais em situação de desconfiança ou de insucesso.This article concerns some of the multiple ethical-bioethical and gender issues in the field of new reproductive and contraceptive technologies. The literature presented points to the plurality of possible situations and approaches in a multidimensional and controversial field. It presents some ethical-bioethical principals of biomedical action found in the study of heterosexual couples who use assisted reproduction. and of medical specialists in human reproduction in southern Brazil. It presents the ethical-bioethical presumptions that sanction medical behavior and the continuity of the so-called impregnation treatments, and analyzes the mechanisms used to raise the expectations of couples who lack confidence or success.

  7. Characterization of bio char derived from tapioca skin

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hasnan, F. I.; Iamail, K. N.; Musa, M.; Jaapar, J.; Alwi, H.; Hamid, K. K. K.

    2018-03-01

    Pyrolysis of tapioca skin was conducted to produce bio chars in the range between 500°C–800°C. Surface modification treatment were performed on bio chars by using chemicals within 24 hours at 30°C and hot water within 1 hour to enhance the bio char’s adsorption properties according to surface area, pore volume, pore size, crystallinity structure and functional groups. The samples were characterized by using BET, XRD, FTIR and Methylene Blue adsorption. Based on BET result, it showed the surface area increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased followed by pore volume and pore size for S0. The optimum temperature for SNaOH, SHW and SMeOH was at 600°C, 700°C and 800°C with the surface area of 75.9874, 274.5066 and 351.5531 m2/g respectively compared to S0 while SP3HO4 has the worst result since it felt on macroporous structure. The percentage of MB adsorption was followed the size of bio chars surface area. Based on FTIR result, at temperature 500°C to 700°C, the bio chars still have functional groups while at 800°C, many functional groups were diminished due to high temperature struck on them. XRD result showed all the bio chars were amorphous. In conclusion, the best surface modification treatment was by Methanol followed by hot water and Sodium Hydroxide at temperature of 700°C and 800°C while Ortho-Phosphoric acid was the worst one and was not suitable for bio char’s surface modification for adsorption purpose.

  8. Immediate catalytic upgrading of soybean shell bio-oil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bertero, Melisa; Sedran, Ulises

    2016-01-01

    The pyrolysis of soybean shell and the immediate catalytic upgrading of the bio-oil over an equilibrium FCC catalyst was studied in order to define its potential as a source for fuels and chemicals. The experiments of pyrolysis and immediate catalytic upgrading were performed at 550 °C during 7 min with different catalysts to oil relationships in an integrated fixed bed pyrolysis-conversion reactor. The results were compared under the same conditions against those from pine sawdust, which is a biomass source commonly used for the production of bio-oil. In the pyrolysis the pine sawdust produced more liquids (61.4%wt.) than the soybean shell (54.7%wt.). When the catalyst was presented, the yield of hydrocarbons increased, particularly in the case of soybean shell, which was four time higher than in the pyrolysis. The bio-oil from soybean shell produced less coke (between 3.1 and 4.3%wt.) in its immediate catalytic upgrading than that from pine sawdust (between 5 and 5.8%wt.), due to its lower content of phenolic and other high molecular weight compounds (three and five times less, respectively). Moreover, soybean shell showed a higher selectivity to hydrocarbons in the gasoline range, with more olefins and less aromatic than pine sawdust. - Highlights: • Soybean shell is a possible source of fuels with benefits as compared to pine sawdust. • Bio-oils upgraded over FCC catalyst in an integrated pyrolysis-conversion reactor. • Pine sawdust bio-oil had more phenols than soybean shell bio-oil. • Soybean shell bio-oil produced more hydrocarbons in gasoline range and less coke.

  9. Bio-oil based biorefinery strategy for the production of succinic acid

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    Background Succinic acid is one of the key platform chemicals which can be produced via biotechnology process instead of petrochemical process. Biomass derived bio-oil have been investigated intensively as an alternative of diesel and gasoline fuels. Bio-oil could be fractionized into organic phase and aqueous phase parts. The organic phase bio-oil can be easily upgraded to transport fuel. The aqueous phase bio-oil (AP-bio-oil) is of low value. There is no report for its usage or upgrading via biological methods. In this paper, the use of AP-bio-oil for the production of succinic acid was investigated. Results The transgenic E. coli strain could grow in modified M9 medium containing 20 v/v% AP-bio-oil with an increase in OD from 0.25 to 1.09. And 0.38 g/L succinic acid was produced. With the presence of 4 g/L glucose in the medium, succinic acid concentration increased from 1.4 to 2.4 g/L by addition of 20 v/v% AP-bio-oil. When enzymatic hydrolysate of corn stover was used as carbon source, 10.3 g/L succinic acid was produced. The obtained succinic acid concentration increased to 11.5 g/L when 12.5 v/v% AP-bio-oil was added. However, it decreased to 8 g/L when 50 v/v% AP-bio-oil was added. GC-MS analysis revealed that some low molecular carbon compounds in the AP-bio-oil were utilized by E. coli. Conclusions The results indicate that AP-bio-oil can be used by E. coli for cell growth and succinic acid production. PMID:23657107

  10. Thermogravimetric investigation on the degradation properties and combustion performance of bio-oils.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ren, Xueyong; Meng, Jiajia; Moore, Andrew M; Chang, Jianmin; Gou, Jinsheng; Park, Sunkyu

    2014-01-01

    The degradation properties and combustion performance of raw bio-oil, aged bio-oil, and bio-oil from torrefied wood were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis. A three-stage process was observed for the degradation of bio-oils, including devolatilization of the aqueous fraction and light compounds, transition of the heavy faction to solid, and combustion of carbonaceous residues. Pyrolysis kinetics parameters were calculated via the reaction order model and 3D-diffusion model, and combustion indexes were used to qualitatively evaluate the thermal profiles of tested bio-oils for comparison with commercial oils such as fuel oils. It was found that aged bio-oil was more thermally instable and produced more combustion-detrimental carbonaceous solid. Raw bio-oil and bio-oil from torrefied wood had comparable combustion performance to fuel oils. It was considered that bio-oil has a potential to be mixed with or totally replace the fuel oils in boilers. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Bio based cogeneration plants in Sweden; Biobaserte kraftvarmeverk i Sverige

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2005-07-01

    Cogeneration plants using bio fuel need a certificate in the Swedish electricity certificate system. Since the initiation of the system in 2003 the plants have taken advantage of the possibility of switching from fossil, to bio fuel. However, there is a potential for additional bio power production, provided that there is a market for the produced heating. The certificate system may contribute to an acceleration of investments in new capacities, and the facilitation of increased bio power production.

  12. Anatomia da cavidade bucofaringeana de Sorubim trigonocephalus (Siluriformes, Osteichthyes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiano de Oliveira Schuingues

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Sorubim trigonocephalus Miranda et Ribeiro, 1920 conhecido popularmente como chinelo, é uma espécie migratória, de importância econômica. Bastante apreciado na gastronomia por apresentar sabor agradável e sem ossos intermusculares (espinhos. Os exemplares foram coletados em um trecho no Rio Teles Pires, localizado no município de Alta Floresta/MT. Anestesiados e sacrificados em solução aquosa de benzocaína, fixados com solução de formoldeído a 10%, transferidos para o Laboratório de Anatomia Animal/Unemat para descrição das características da cavidade bucofaringeana. Esta espécie apresentou uma pré-maxila bem desenvolvida e cabeça achatada dorsoventralmente, boca localizada na porção ventral média da cabeça, com fenda bucal ampla. Os lábios superiores apresentaram pigmentação cinza escuro com pequenas áreas claras, sendo mais largos que os inferiores e não apresentaram pigmentação. Foram identificadas quatro regiões dentígeras na porção anterior da cavidade bucal e duas na região da faringe, todas com dentes viliformes. A porção posterior da cavidade bucal era limitada lateralmente por quatro pares de arcos branquiais que decresciam em tamanho do primeiro ao último par, crânio-caudal, formados por dois ramos: o superior, mais curto, e o inferior, mais longo. A cavidade bucofaringeana de S. trigonocephalus se mostrou semelhante à de outros teleósteos descritos na literatura, estando adaptado ao hábito alimentar com dieta carnívoro-ictiofágica e diferindo apenas pela ausência de língua estrutural com pré maxila bem desenvolvida apresentando dentes viliformes.

  13. Liquid Bio fuels: Vegetable Oils and Bi oethanol

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ballesteros, M.; Ballesteros, I.; Oliva, J. M.; Navarro, A. A.

    1998-01-01

    The European energy policy has defined clear objectives to reduce the high dependency on fossil petroleum imports, and to increase the security of sustainable energy supply for the transport sector. Moreover, the European environmental policy is requesting clean fuels that reduce environmental risks. Liquid Bio fuels (vegetable oils and bio ethanol) appear to be in a good position to contribute to achieve these goals expressed by the established objective of European Union to reach for bio fuels a market share of 5% of motor vehicle consumption. This work presents the current state and perspectives of the production and utilisation of liquid fuels from agricultural sources by reviewing agricultural feedstocks for energy sector, conversion technologies and different ways to use bio fuels. Environmental and economical aspects are also briefly analysed. (Author) 10 refs

  14. Bio-oil Stabilization by Hydrogenation over Reduced Metal Catalysts at Low Temperatures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Huamin; Lee, Suh-Jane; Olarte, Mariefel V.; Zacher, Alan H.

    2016-08-30

    Biomass fast pyrolysis integrated with bio-oil upgrading represents a very attractive approach for converting biomass to hydrocarbon transportation fuels. However, the thermal and chemical instability of bio-oils presents significant problems when they are being upgraded, and development of effective approaches for stabilizing bio-oils is critical to the success of the technology. Catalytic hydrogenation to remove reactive species in bio-oil has been considered as one of the most efficient ways to stabilize bio-oil. This paper provides a fundamental understanding of hydrogenation of actual bio-oils over a Ru/TiO2 catalyst under conditions relevant to practical bio-oil hydrotreating processes. Bio-oil feed stocks, bio-oils hydrogenated to different extents, and catalysts have been characterized to provide insights into the chemical and physical properties of these samples and to understand the correlation of the properties with the composition of the bio-oil and catalysts. The results indicated hydrogenation of various components of the bio-oil, including sugars, aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, aromatics, and carboxylic acids, over the Ru/TiO2 catalyst and 120 to 160oC. Hydrogenation of these species significantly changed the chemical and physical properties of the bio-oil and overall improved its thermal stability, especially by reducing the carbonyl content, which represented the content of the most reactive species (i.e., sugar, aldehydes, and ketones). The change of content of each component in response to increasing hydrogen additions suggests the following bio-oil hydrogenation reaction sequence: sugar conversion to sugar alcohols, followed by ketone and aldehyde conversion to alcohols, followed by alkene and aromatic hydrogenation, and then followed by carboxylic acid hydrogenation to alcohols. Hydrogenation of bio-oil samples with different sulfur contents or inorganic material contents suggested that sulfur poisoning of the reduced Ru metal catalysts was

  15. Exploring Artificial Intelligence Utilizing BioArt

    OpenAIRE

    Simou , Panagiota; Tiligadis , Konstantinos; Alexiou , Athanasios

    2013-01-01

    Part 15: First Workshop on Ethics and Philosophy in Artificial Intelligence (EPAI 2013); International audience; While artificial intelligence combined with Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology offers a variety of improvements and a technological and healthcare revolution, Bioartists attempt to replace the traditional artistic medium with biological materials, bio-imaging techniques, bioreactors and several times to treat their own body as an alive canvas. BioArt seems to play the role of a new ...

  16. Increase of Bio-Gas Power Potential

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. A. Sednin

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The paper presents a review of industrial technologies for obtaining gas-synthesis which is applicable for bio-gas enrichment process. Comparative characteristics are given in the paper. The paper thoroughly considers a technology of dry methane conversion as the most expedient variant recommended for the application in this case. The bio-gas enrichment carried out during its production expands possibilities and efficiency of its application.

  17. Efeito do retorno de lodo aeróbio sobre as características da biomassa presente em reatores UASB tratando esgoto sanitário Effect of aerobic sludge return on the characteristics of anaerobic biomass present in UASB reactors treating domestic sewage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Procópio Pontes

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a influência do retorno do lodo produzido em filtros biológicos percoladores (FBP sobre as características da biomassa em reatores UASB utilizados para o tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em reatores em escala piloto e em escala de demonstração, sendo que os reatores UASB foram operados com e sem retorno do lodo produzido nos FBP. Os resultados obtidos indicaram uma diminuição no diâmetro das partículas de lodo, durante as fases com retorno de lodo, mas apenas para as amostras de lodo tomadas nos pontos mais altos dos reatores anaeróbios. A estabilidade e a atividade metanogênica específica do lodo anaeróbio praticamente não se modificaram com o retorno de lodo. Conforme esperado, a produção específica de lodo anaeróbio aumentou com o retorno de lodo.This work aimed at evaluating the influence of the return of excess aerobic sludge produced in trickling filters (TF upon the biomass characteristics in UASB reactors used for the treatment of domestic sewage. The experiments were carried out in pilot and demonstration-scale reactors, with the UASB reactors being operated with and without the return of sludge produced in the TF. Smaller sludge particle sizes were observed when the aerobic sludge was returned to the UASB reactor, but only for sludge samples collected in the upper parts of the anaerobic reactors. Sludge stability and specific methanogenic activity were not affected by the return of sludge. As expected, the specific anaerobic sludge production increased with the return of sludge.

  18. Sobre a correlação entre a bioética e a psicologia médica About correlation between bioethics and medical psychology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Alvaro Marques Marcolino

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Os autores realizam um estudo a respeito de uma correlação entre a bioética e a psicologia médica. Dividem o trabalho em duas partes. A primeira discute os conceitos filosóficos sobre a distinção entre moral e ética, trata da ética ligada à medicina e dedica-se à bioética, procurando definir o que se compreende por essa disciplina, descrevendo seus três princípios básicos: a autonomia, a beneficência, não-maleficência e a justiça. Portanto, traça nesta parte do trabalho, uma trajetória que partiu da ética em sua vertente filosófica até chegar à ética em sua aplicação à medicina. A segunda parte é dedicada a definição do campo da psicologia médica, estudando aspectos da relação emocional do indivíduo doente com a sua doença, da relação do médico com a medicina e enfoca o relacionamento do médico com seu paciente. Discutem algumas situações clínicas em que se observa essa correlação. No final, buscam elaborar algumas conclusões.The authors make a study about the correlation between bioethics and medical psychology. They divide the study in two parts. The first part they discuss the philosophical concepts about the distinction between morals and ethics, they deal with ethics applied to medicine and they are trying to define what is meant by subject and describe its three basic principles: autonomy, beneficence, non maleficence and justice. Consequently in this part they trace route that started from ethics in its philosophical origins and moved on to ethics in its application to medicine. The second part is dedicated to the definition of the field of study of medical psychology, they study some aspects of the emotional relation of the patient with his illness, the relation of the doctors of his medicine and the relacionship between doctor and his patient. They discusse some clinical issues where they observe this correlation. At last, they try to draw some conclusions.

  19. Thermal cracking of Enteromorpha prolifera with solvents to bio-oil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song, Linhua; Hu, Mingming; Liu, Dong; Zhang, Daoxiang; Jiang, Cuiyu

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Thermal cracking of EP gave rise to a maximum bio-oil yield of 27.4 wt.% at 340 °C and 40 min. • The maximum liquid yield of EP/ethonal is 36.7 wt.% at 300 °C and 30 min. • The maximum liquid yield of EP/VGO is 90.5 wt.% at 300 °C and 30 min. • The HHV of bio-oil from thermal cracking of EP/VGO is 44.51 MJ/kg. • This process has the potential for industrial production of bio-oil from EP. - Abstract: Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) is a renewable energy source that was evaluated as a feedstock to produce bio-oil by thermal cracking. Harvesting EP for bio-oil production will also reduce the damage of green tide on ocean ecology. Effects of reaction temperature between 220 and 380 °C and reaction time between 20 and 80 min on the bio-oil yield and gas and solid thermal cracking products were investigated. Effects of solvents (i.e., ethanol and vacuum gas oil (VGO)) on the yields of bio-oil, gas and solid were also studied. EP, VGO and products from thermal cracking were analyzed by elemental analysis, gas chromatography–mass spectra and gas chromatography. Results indicate that thermal cracking of EP with VGO (EP/VGO) gave rise to the maximum bio-oil yield of 90.5% at 300 °C with a reaction time of 30 min. Higher heating values and elemental analysis demonstrate that this process has the potential for industrial production of bio-oil from EP

  20. Greenhouse gases (GHG) and energy management in petroleum history, discussions and proposals; Gestao de gases do efeito estufa (GEE) e energia na historia do refino de petroleo: discussoes e propostas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodrigues, Glenda Rangel; Perisse, Juarez Barbosa; Bittencourt, Roberto Carlos Pontes [Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2012-07-01

    The oil refining is an intense activity in energy consumption ends up suffering pressures to reduce this consumption and therefore the emissions. In the case of the Brazilian refining park, it is time to increase conversion and hydrotreating, adjusting the quality of the products to the growing demand for fuel allowing fleet renewal, with better efficiency and lower emissions. This article presents an overview of refining, the analysis of the technological route chosen for the Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU) and an example of emission evolution summarizing the impact of changes in greenhouse gas emissions in a refinery.

  1. Bio-oils from biomass slow pyrolysis: a chemical and toxicological screening.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cordella, Mauro; Torri, Cristian; Adamiano, Alessio; Fabbri, Daniele; Barontini, Federica; Cozzani, Valerio

    2012-09-15

    Bio-oils were produced from bench-scale slow-pyrolysis of three different biomass samples (corn stalks, poplar and switchgrass). Experimental protocols were developed and applied in order to screen their chemical composition. Several hazardous compounds were detected in the bio-oil samples analysed, including phenols, furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A procedure was outlined and applied to the assessment of toxicological and carcinogenic hazards of the bio-oils. The following hazardous properties were considered: acute toxicity; ecotoxicity; chronic toxicity; carcinogenicity. Parameters related to these properties were quantified for each component identified in the bio-oils and overall values were estimated for the bio-oils. The hazard screening carried out for the three bio-oils considered suggested that: (i) hazards to human health could be associated with chronic exposures to the bio-oils; (ii) acute toxic effects on humans and eco-toxic effects on aquatic ecosystems could also be possible in the case of loss of containment; and (iii) bio-oils may present a marginal potential carcinogenicity. The approach outlined allows the collection of screening information on the potential hazards posed by the bio-oils. This can be particularly useful when limited time and analytical resources reduce the possibility to obtain detailed specific experimental data. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Stabilization of Bio-Oil Fractions for Insertion into Petroleum Refineries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brown, Robert C. [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Smith, Ryan [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Wright, Mark [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Elliott, Douglas [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Resasco, Daniel [Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Crossley, Steven [Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)

    2014-09-28

    This project is part of a collaboration effort between Iowa State University (ISU), University of Oklahoma (OK) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The purpose of this project is to stabilize bio-oil fractions and improve their suitability for insertion into petroleum refineries. Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass is a complex mixture of unstable organic compounds. These organic compounds react under standard room conditions resulting in increases in bio-oil viscosity and water content – both detrimental for bio-oil storage and transportation. This study employed fractionation and upgrading systems to improve the stability of bio-oil. The fractionation system consists of a series of condensers, and electrostatic precipitators designed to separate bio-oil into five fractions: soluble carbohydrates (SF1&2), clean phenolic oligomers (CPO) and middle fraction (SF3&4), light oxygenates (SF5). A two-stage upgrading process was designed to process bio-oil stage fractions into stable products that can be inserted into a refinery. In the upgrading system, heavy and middle bio-oil fractions were upgraded into stable oil via cracking and subsequent hydrodeoxygenation. The light oxygenate fraction was steam reformed to provide a portion of requisite hydrogen for hydroprocessing. Hydrotreating and hydrocracking employed hydrogen from natural gas, fuel gas and light oxygenates reforming. The finished products from this study consist of gasoline- and diesel-blend stock fuels.

  3. An ex situ evaluation of TBA- and MTBE-baited bio-traps.

    Science.gov (United States)

    North, Katharine P; Mackay, Douglas M; Annable, Michael D; Sublette, Kerry L; Davis, Greg; Holland, Reef B; Petersen, Daniel; Scow, Kate M

    2012-08-01

    Aquifer microbial communities can be investigated using Bio-traps(®) ("bio-traps"), passive samplers containing Bio-Sep(®) beads ("bio-beads") that are deployed in monitoring wells to be colonized by bacteria delivered via groundwater flow through the well. When bio-beads are "baited" with organic contaminants enriched in (13)C, stable isotope probing allows assessment of the composition and activity of the microbial community. This study used an ex situ system fed by groundwater continuously extracted from an adjacent monitoring well within an experimentally-created aerobic zone treating a tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) plume. The goal was to evaluate aspects of bio-trap performance that cannot be studied quantitatively in situ. The measured groundwater flow through a bio-trap housing suggests that such traps might typically "sample" about 1.8 L per month. The desorption of TBA or methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) bait from bio-traps during a typical deployment duration of 6 weeks was approximately 90% and 45%, respectively, of the total initial bait load, with initially high rate of mass loss that decreased markedly after a few days. The concentration of TBA in groundwater flowing by the TBA-baited bio-beads was estimated to be as high as 3400 mg/L during the first few days, which would be expected to inhibit growth of TBA-degrading microbes. Initial inhibition was also implied for the MTBE-baited bio-trap, but at lower concentrations and for a shorter time. After a few days, concentrations in groundwater flowing through the bio-traps dropped below inhibitory concentrations but remained 4-5 orders of magnitude higher than TBA or MTBE concentrations within the aquifer at the experimental site. Desorption from the bio-beads during ex situ deployment occurred at first as predicted by prior sorption analyses of bio-beads but with apparent hysteresis thereafter, possibly due to mass transfer limitations caused by colonizing microbes. These results suggest that TBA- or MTBE

  4. An ex situ evaluation of TBA- and MTBE-baited bio-traps

    Science.gov (United States)

    North, Katharine P.; Mackay, Douglas M.; Annable, Michael D.; Sublette, Kerry L.; Davis, Greg; Holland, Reef B.; Petersen, Daniel; Scow, Kate M.

    2013-01-01

    Aquifer microbial communities can be investigated using Bio-traps® (“bio-traps”), passive samplers containing Bio-Sep® beads (“bio-beads”) that are deployed in monitoring wells to be colonized by bacteria delivered via groundwater flow through the well. When bio-beads are “baited” with organic contaminants enriched in 13C, stable isotope probing allows assessment of the composition and activity of the microbial community. This study used an ex situ system fed by groundwater continuously extracted from an adjacent monitoring well within an experimentally-created aerobic zone treating a tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) plume. The goal was to evaluate aspects of bio-trap performance that cannot be studied quantitatively in situ. The measured groundwater flow through a bio-trap housing suggests that such traps might typically “sample” about 1.8 L per month. The desorption of TBA or methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) bait from bio-traps during a typical deployment duration of 6 weeks was approximately 90% and 45%, respectively, of the total initial bait load, with initially high rate of mass loss that decreased markedly after a few days. The concentration of TBA in groundwater flowing by the TBA-baited bio-beads was estimated to be as high as 3400 mg/L during the first few days, which would be expected to inhibit growth of TBA-degrading microbes. Initial inhibition was also implied for the MTBE-baited bio-trap, but at lower concentrations and for a shorter time. After a few days, concentrations in groundwater flowing through the bio-traps dropped below inhibitory concentrations but remained 4–5 orders of magnitude higher than TBA or MTBE concentrations within the aquifer at the experimental site. Desorption from the bio-beads during ex situ deployment occurred at first as predicted by prior sorption analyses of bio-beads but with apparent hysteresis thereafter, possibly due to mass transfer limitations caused by colonizing microbes. These results suggest that

  5. Recent Advances in the Sound Insulation Properties of Bio-based Materials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaodong Zhu

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Many bio-based materials, which have lower environmental impact than traditional synthetic materials, show good sound absorbing and sound insulation performances. This review highlights progress in sound transmission properties of bio-based materials and provides a comprehensive account of various multiporous bio-based materials and multilayered structures used in sound absorption and insulation products. Furthermore, principal models of sound transmission are discussed in order to aid in an understanding of sound transmission properties of bio-based materials. In addition, the review presents discussions on the composite structure optimization and future research in using co-extruded wood plastic composite for sound insulation control. This review contributes to the body of knowledge on the sound transmission properties of bio-based materials, provides a better understanding of the models of some multiporous bio-based materials and multilayered structures, and contributes to the wider adoption of bio-based materials as sound absorbers.

  6. Bio ethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunches

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loh Soh Kheang; Muhammad Asyraf Kasim; Nasrin Abu Bakar

    2010-01-01

    Full text: The oil palm industry has an abundance of oil palm biomass. The type of biomass generated includes empty fruit bunches (EFB), oil palm trunk (OPT), kernel, shell and fronds. Generally, ligno celluloses biomass derived from oil palm has great potential to be converted into various forms of renewable energy. In this study, EFB in pulverized form was used as a feedstock for bio ethanol production. EFB contains lignin, hemicelluloses and cellulose which can be converted into fermentable sugar and bio ethanol. The EFB was initially pre-treated with 1% NaOH followed by acid hydrolysis with 0.7% sulfuric acid and enzyme prior to fermentation process with Saccharomyces cerevisea. The various process parameters for bio ethanol production was optimized i.e. pH, temperature, rate of agitation and initial feedstock concentration. The fermentation of EFB hydrolysate was at pH 4, 30 degree Celsius and 100 rpm within 72 hours of incubation yielded 10.48 g/L of bio ethanol from 50 g/L of EFB. The bio ethanol production in a 6-L bioreactor showed 36% conversion of fermentable sugar from EFB into bio ethanol. (author)

  7. Cyanobacteria: A precious bio-resource in agriculture, ecosystem and environmental sustainability

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jay Shankar eSingh

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Keeping in view the challenges concerning agro-ecosystem and environment, the recent developments in biotechnology offers a more reliable approach to address the food security for future generations and also resolve the complex environmental problems. Several unique features of cyanobacteria such as oxygenic photosynthesis, high biomass yield, growth on non-arable lands and a wide variety of water sources (contaminated and polluted waters, generation of useful by-products and bio-fuels, enhancing the soil fertility and reducing green house gas emissions, have collectively offered these bio-agents as the precious bio-resource for sustainable development. Cyanobacterial biomass is the effective bio-fertilizer source to improve soil physico-chemical characteristics such as water-holding capacity and mineral nutrient status of the degraded lands. The unique characteristics of cyanobacteria include their ubiquity presence, short generation time and capability to fix the atmospheric N2. Similar to other prokaryotic bacteria, the cyanobacteria are increasingly applied as bio-inoculants for improving soil fertility and environmental quality. Genetically engineered cyanobacteria have been devised with the novel genes for the production of a number of bio-fuels such as bio-diesel, bio-hydrogen, bio-methane, syngas and therefore, open new avenues for the generation of bio-fuels in the economically sustainable manner. This review is an effort to enlist the valuable information about the qualities of cyanobacteria and their potential role in solving the agricultural and environmental problems for the future welfare of the planet.

  8. Cyanobacteria: A Precious Bio-resource in Agriculture, Ecosystem, and Environmental Sustainability

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Jay Shankar; Kumar, Arun; Rai, Amar N.; Singh, Devendra P.

    2016-01-01

    Keeping in view, the challenges concerning agro-ecosystem and environment, the recent developments in biotechnology offers a more reliable approach to address the food security for future generations and also resolve the complex environmental problems. Several unique features of cyanobacteria such as oxygenic photosynthesis, high biomass yield, growth on non-arable lands and a wide variety of water sources (contaminated and polluted waters), generation of useful by-products and bio-fuels, enhancing the soil fertility and reducing green house gas emissions, have collectively offered these bio-agents as the precious bio-resource for sustainable development. Cyanobacterial biomass is the effective bio-fertilizer source to improve soil physico-chemical characteristics such as water-holding capacity and mineral nutrient status of the degraded lands. The unique characteristics of cyanobacteria include their ubiquity presence, short generation time and capability to fix the atmospheric N2. Similar to other prokaryotic bacteria, the cyanobacteria are increasingly applied as bio-inoculants for improving soil fertility and environmental quality. Genetically engineered cyanobacteria have been devised with the novel genes for the production of a number of bio-fuels such as bio-diesel, bio-hydrogen, bio-methane, synga, and therefore, open new avenues for the generation of bio-fuels in the economically sustainable manner. This review is an effort to enlist the valuable information about the qualities of cyanobacteria and their potential role in solving the agricultural and environmental problems for the future welfare of the planet. PMID:27148218

  9. Reduced membrane fouling in a novel bio-entrapped membrane reactor for treatment of food and beverage processing wastewater.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ng, Kok-Kwang; Lin, Cheng-Fang; Panchangam, Sri Chandana; Andy Hong, Pui-Kwan; Yang, Ping-Yi

    2011-08-01

    A novel Bio-Entrapped Membrane Reactor (BEMR) packed with bio-ball carriers was constructed and investigated for organics removal and membrane fouling by soluble microbial products (SMP). An objective was to evaluate the stability of the filtration process in membrane bioreactors through backwashing and chemical cleaning. The novel BEMR was compared to a conventional membrane bioreactor (CMBR) on performance, with both treating identical wastewater from a food and beverage processing plant. The new reactor has a longer sludge retention time (SRT) and lower mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) content than does the conventional. Three different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 6, 9, and 12 h were studied. The results show faster rise of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) with decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) in both reactors, where most significant membrane fouling was associated with high SMP (consisting of carbohydrate and protein) contents that were prevalent at the shortest HRT of 6 h. Membrane fouling was improved in the new reactor, which led to a longer membrane service period with the new reactor. Rapid membrane fouling was attributed to increased production of biomass and SMP, as in the conventional reactor. SMP of 10-100 kDa from both MBRs were predominant with more than 70% of the SMP <100 kDa. Protein was the major component of SMP rather than carbohydrate in both reactors. The new reactor sustained operation at constant permeate flux that required seven times less frequent chemical cleaning than did the conventional reactor. The new BEMR offers effective organics removal while reducing membrane fouling. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Educação em biossegurança e bioética: articulação necessária em biotecnologia Education on biosafety and bioethics: necessary articulation in biotechnology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos De Bonis

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available A educação científica tem sido debatida em alguns segmentos da sociedade e organizações internacionais têm estimulado as nações a investirem nessa área tão estratégica. Nesse contexto, a educação em biossegurança e bioética explora um conteúdo rico em prevenção, normas e princípios éticos, que servem para nortear os caminhos trilhados pela biotecnologia. A valorização da biossegurança e da bioética como parte de uma política educacional científica, efetiva e consistente, pode estimular a formação de indivíduos com uma consciência científica e cidadã, em condições de participar das questões de natureza ética e tecnológica produzidas pela biotecnologia.Science education has been discussed in some segments of the society and, international organizations have encouraged nations to invest in this strategic area. In this context, education in bioethics and biosafety explores a rich content on prevention, standards and ethical principles which serve to guide the paths track by biotechnology. The recovery of bioethics and biosafety, as part of an educational policy scientific, effective and consistent, can stimulate the formation of individuals with a scientific and citizen awareness, in a position to participate on ethical and technological issues produced by biotechnology.

  11. Saúde mental, mudança social e discurso bioético: uma face da desinstitucionalização revelada em uma notícia de jornal Mental health, social change and bioethical discourse: a view of deinstitutionalization revealed in a newspaper

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Andrade Pinho

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Na contemporaneidade, desafios e dilemas bioéticos em saúde mental estão exigindo estudos e reflexões. Este trabalho pretende contribuir com a discussão sobre a atual política de saúde mental, especialmente a questão da reinserção social de portadores de transtornos mentais. É importante que essa construção na comunidade e na cultura avance em sintonia com uma "rede" de saúde mental que possa responder por essa assistência e, assim, afrontar o risco de uma mera desospitalização irresponsável, pois, caso contrário, estaremos diante de um quadro de desassistência. Por acreditar que o discurso jornalístico possibilita uma compreensão mais abrangente de certos aspectos acerca dos significados, recursos e práticas que vêm sendo utilizadas no cotidiano, propõe-se aqui analisar um texto jornalístico, tendo como referencial a Análise do Discurso Crítico que, juntamente com os conceitos bioéticos, permitirá o entendimento da forma pela qual esse processo vem ocorrendo.Nowadays, challenges and bioethical dilemmas in mental health are demanding studies and reflections. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on the current mental health policy, especially the issue of social reintegration of people with mental disorders. It is important that this construction in community and culture go in line with a mental health "network" able to account for such assistance and thus face the risk of a mere irresponsible dehospitalization; otherwise, we will face a situation of lack of assistance. Believing that media discourse provides a more comprehensive understanding of certain aspects about the meanings, practices and resources that have been used in everyday life, it is proposed here to analyze a journalistic text, taking in consideration the Critical Discourse Analysis which, together with the bioethical concepts, would allow the understanding of the way in which this process is occurring.

  12. A internacionalização da marca aliança: ações graduais no mercado externo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graziela Breitenbauch de Moura

    Full Text Available Este caso para ensino descreve a trajetória da internacionalização da marca Aliança, uma marca de suco de uva integral e orgânico da Cooperativa Nova Aliança, localizada em Caxias do Sul (RS. O caso se desenvolve a partir do interesse da técnica da cooperativa Márcia e do cooperado Márcio em marcar uma reunião com o presidente da cooperativa para discutir a ampliação para novos mercados. É importante para a cooperativa a sua inserção no mercado internacional. O caso apresenta o processo da primeira exportação e traz uma discussão sobre decisões importantes que ocorreram na negociação internacional, para a inserção da marca no mercado líbio entre o importador Mr. Harmed, a coordenadora da cooperativa, Sra. Ana e o consultor da empresa júnior Lorran. O caso atende os seguintes objetivos de ensino: compreender como se dá o processo de internacionalização da marca na linha de sucos de uva da cooperativa, verificar os principais desafios encontrados para a consolidação do preço de exportação, identificar as principais exigências documentais e verificar a(s estratégia(s de internacionalização para a ampliação da marca no mercado internacional. O caso pode ser aplicado nas disciplinas de negociações internacionais, marketing internacional, estratégia de inserção internacional, logística, câmbio e sistemática de comércio exterior.

  13. VISCOSITY ANALYSIS OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB BIO-OIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Z.S. Nazirah

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Empty fruit bunches (EFB are one of the solid wastes produced by the palm oil industry, which is increasing rapidly. The aim of this paper is to analyse the viscosity of empty fruit bunch (EFB bio-oil that can be extracted from all solid waste EFB as a sample, and a few processes were executed. The samples underwent two processes, which were pre-treatment and pyrolysis. The pre-treatment involved three processes, namely, cutting, shredding and sieving, which were necessary in order to prepare EFB into a particle size suitable for the reactor. After that, the samples were fed into the feedback reactor as feedstock for the pyrolysis process to produce bio-oil. Once the bio-oil was produced, its viscosity was tested using the Brookfield Viscometer in two conditions: before and after the chemical reaction. The bio-oil was treated by adding 10 ml and 20 ml of acetone respectively through the chemical reaction. The viscosity test was carried out at different temperatures, which were 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C and 50°C respectively. The observed viscosity of the EFB bio-oil varied and was higher as the temperature decreased. In addition, the viscosity of the EFB bio-oil was higher when it reacted chemically with the acetone added. Therefore, the results showed that the chemical reaction with acetone has the potential to increase the viscosity of EFB bio-oil.

  14. Amphiphilic Bio-molecules/ZnO Interface: Enhancement of Bio-affinity and Dispersibility

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meng Xiu-Qing; Fang Yun-Zhang; Wu Feng-Min

    2012-01-01

    The dispersibility of bio-molecules such as lecithins on the surface of ZnO nanowires are investigated for biosensor applications. Lecithins can be absorbed on an as-synthesized ZnO nanowire surface in the form of sub-micro sized clusters, while scattering well on those annealed under oxygen atmosphere. Wettability analysis reveals that the as-synthesized ZnO nanowires bear a super-hydrophobic surface, which convents to superhydrophilic after oxygen annealing. First-principles calculations indicate that the adsorption energy of ZnO with water is about 0.2 eV at a distance of 2 Å when it is superhydrophilic, suggesting that lecithin can be absorbed on the hydrophilic surface stably at this distance and the bio-affinity can be enhanced under this condition. (condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties)

  15. A Next Generation BioPhotonics Workstation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Glückstad, Jesper; Palima, Darwin; Tauro, Sandeep

    2011-01-01

    We are developing a Next Generation BioPhotonics Workstation to be applied in research on regulated microbial cell growth including their underlying physiological mechanisms, in vivo characterization of cell constituents and manufacturing of nanostructures and meta-materials.......We are developing a Next Generation BioPhotonics Workstation to be applied in research on regulated microbial cell growth including their underlying physiological mechanisms, in vivo characterization of cell constituents and manufacturing of nanostructures and meta-materials....

  16. BioWarehouse: a bioinformatics database warehouse toolkit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stringer-Calvert David WJ

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background This article addresses the problem of interoperation of heterogeneous bioinformatics databases. Results We introduce BioWarehouse, an open source toolkit for constructing bioinformatics database warehouses using the MySQL and Oracle relational database managers. BioWarehouse integrates its component databases into a common representational framework within a single database management system, thus enabling multi-database queries using the Structured Query Language (SQL but also facilitating a variety of database integration tasks such as comparative analysis and data mining. BioWarehouse currently supports the integration of a pathway-centric set of databases including ENZYME, KEGG, and BioCyc, and in addition the UniProt, GenBank, NCBI Taxonomy, and CMR databases, and the Gene Ontology. Loader tools, written in the C and JAVA languages, parse and load these databases into a relational database schema. The loaders also apply a degree of semantic normalization to their respective source data, decreasing semantic heterogeneity. The schema supports the following bioinformatics datatypes: chemical compounds, biochemical reactions, metabolic pathways, proteins, genes, nucleic acid sequences, features on protein and nucleic-acid sequences, organisms, organism taxonomies, and controlled vocabularies. As an application example, we applied BioWarehouse to determine the fraction of biochemically characterized enzyme activities for which no sequences exist in the public sequence databases. The answer is that no sequence exists for 36% of enzyme activities for which EC numbers have been assigned. These gaps in sequence data significantly limit the accuracy of genome annotation and metabolic pathway prediction, and are a barrier for metabolic engineering. Complex queries of this type provide examples of the value of the data warehousing approach to bioinformatics research. Conclusion BioWarehouse embodies significant progress on the

  17. Creating a Bio-Inspired Solution to Prevent Erosion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reher, R.; Martinez, A.; Cola, J.; Frost, D.

    2016-12-01

    Through the study of geophysical sciences, lessons can be developed which allow for the introduction of bio-inspired design and art concepts to K-5 elementary students. Students are placed into an engineering mindset in which they must apply the concepts of bio-geotechnics to observe how we can use nature to prevent and abate erosion. Problems are staged for students using realistic engineering scenarios such as erosion prevention through biomimicry and the study of anchorage characteristics of root structures in regard to stability of soil. Specifically, a lesson is introduced where students research, learn, and present information about bio-inspired designs to understand these concepts. They lean how plant roots differ in size and shape to stabilize soil. In addition, students perform a series of hands-on experiments which demonstrate how bio-cements and roots can slow erosion.

  18. Avaliação da idade materna, paterna, ordem de paridade e intervalo interpartal para fissura lábio-palatina Maternal and paternal age, birth order and interpregnancy interval evaluation for cleft lip-palate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniella Reis Barbosa Martelli

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Fissuras do lábio e/ou palato representam as anomalias congênitas craniofaciais mais comuns. OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores de risco ambientais em pacientes com fissuras lábio-palatinas não-sindrômicas, em um Serviço de Minas Gerais. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Realizou-se estudo caso-controle, avaliando 100 crianças com fissuras e 100 crianças sem alterações clínicas. As dimensões de análise (idade, cor de pele, sexo, classificação das fissuras, idade materna e paterna, ordem de paridade e intervalo interpartal foram obtidas a partir de um questionário, sendo posteriormente construído banco de dados e as análises realizadas pelo programa SPSS 17.0. Os resultados foram analisados com risco relativo para cada variável, para estimar odds ratios com intervalo de confiança de 95% seguido de análise bivariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Entre as 200 crianças, 54% foram do sexo masculino e 46% do feminino. Com relação à cor da pele, houve predomínio de parda, branca e preta, respectivamente. Entre os tipos de fissuras, as mais comuns foram as fissuras lábio-palatinas (54%, seguidas pela fissura labial (30% e fissura palatina (16%. CONCLUSÃO: Embora com uma população limitada, verificou-se associação entre idade materna e risco aumentado para fissuras lábio-palatinas, porém idade paterna, ordem de paridade e intervalo interpartal não foram significantes.Cleft lip and palate (CL/P are the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies. AIM: To evaluate environmental risk factors for non-syndromic CL/P in a reference care center in Minas Gerais. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we carried out a case-controlled study, assessing 100 children with clefts and 100 children without clinical alterations. The analysis dimensions (age, skin color, gender, fissure classification, maternal and paternal age, birth order and interpregnancy interval, obtained from a questionnaire; and later we build a data base and the analyses were carried out by the

  19. Heterogeneous Deformable Modeling of Bio-Tissues and Haptic Force Rendering for Bio-Object Modeling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Shiyong; Lee, Yuan-Shin; Narayan, Roger J.

    This paper presents a novel technique for modeling soft biological tissues as well as the development of an innovative interface for bio-manufacturing and medical applications. Heterogeneous deformable models may be used to represent the actual internal structures of deformable biological objects, which possess multiple components and nonuniform material properties. Both heterogeneous deformable object modeling and accurate haptic rendering can greatly enhance the realism and fidelity of virtual reality environments. In this paper, a tri-ray node snapping algorithm is proposed to generate a volumetric heterogeneous deformable model from a set of object interface surfaces between different materials. A constrained local static integration method is presented for simulating deformation and accurate force feedback based on the material properties of a heterogeneous structure. Biological soft tissue modeling is used as an example to demonstrate the proposed techniques. By integrating the heterogeneous deformable model into a virtual environment, users can both observe different materials inside a deformable object as well as interact with it by touching the deformable object using a haptic device. The presented techniques can be used for surgical simulation, bio-product design, bio-manufacturing, and medical applications.

  20. Fuel and food: the competition of bio fuels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tonelli, C.; Soave, C.

    2008-01-01

    In order to achieve the target of 5.75% of bio fuels by 2010 (as indicated bu EU), we must produce in Italy 1 million tons of bio ethanol/year. Using cereals as a feedstock will severely complete with their use as food. We need new crops (lignocellulose crops) specifically selected and bred to fit specific energy needs. Main properties of these crops are indicated as well as the breeding strategies to be used to improve the existing species towards the target of producing higher amount of bio ethanol [it