Sample records for curtains
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Retrofit curtain for overhead doors
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Leckie, R E
1987-12-29
A heat insulating curtain has been developed for reducing heat losses through overhead doors of the type commonly found in industrial warehouses. The curtain consists of a reinforced polyester fabric attached to the outside top of the overhead door and moves with the door as it opens and closes. A T-shaped edge track seals the edges of the curtain to the door frame; the edge of the curtain is also T-shaped and runs up and down the track as the curtain is raised and lowered. The curtain fabric is ultraviolet resistant, durable, flexible, and transparent, and transforms the door into a solar collector which provides solar heated air to the building interior. Two curtains have been satisfactorily installed and tested at a warehouse in Calgary, Alberta. A market evaluation study was conducted to determine the possible buyers for such a door curtain. A target market consisting of those wishing to fix old, leaky doors was selected and a marketing strategy developed. The described strategy includes product development, pricing, distribution, promotion, and advertising. 2 figs., 1 tab.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Winkler, N.T.
1976-01-01
A radiation shield is described in the form of a stranded curtain made up of bead-chains whose material and geometry are selected to produce a cross-sectional density that is the equivalent of 0.25 mm or more of lead and which curtain may be mounted on various radiological devices to shield against scattered radiation while offering a minimum of obstruction to the radiologist
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ullah, Sana; Yim, Man Sung
2017-01-01
The purpose of air-curtain installation is to isolate reactor containment from outside environment, confine the leaking radioactive material in a localized area, and minimize the impact of outside wind. The wind could blow away airborne radioactive material immediately after discharge leaving little room for effective capturing. Therefore, vortex-like air-curtain plays an important role in this process, and its effectiveness could severely influence the performance of overall system. An approach based on vortex-like air-curtain was proposed earlier for preventing spread of radioactive material to the environment and mitigate subsequent radiological consequences. Effect of air-curtain discharge speed, and discharge angle was studied, and a quantitative account of air curtain in terms of effectiveness parameter was performed in this work. It was found that for given wind speed, air-curtain effectiveness would improve with increase in air-curtain discharge speed to an extent, after which any increase in discharge velicity could deteriorate the performance, due to imbalance between discharge and wind speed. Keeping air-curtain discharge at an angle of 15° opposite to the predominant flow direction is devised.
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Effect of Viscosity on Liquid Curtain Stability
Mohammad Karim, Alireza; Suszynski, Wieslaw; Francis, Lorraine; Carvalho, Marcio; Dow Chemical Company Collaboration; PUC Rio Collaboration; University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Collaboration
2016-11-01
The effect of viscosity on the stability of Newtonian liquid curtains was explored by high-speed visualization. Glycerol/water solutions with viscosity ranging from 19.1 to 210 mPa.s were used as coating liquids. The experimental set-up used a slide die delivery and steel tube edge guides. The velocity along curtain at different positions was measured by tracking small particles at different flow conditions. The measurements revealed that away from edge guides, velocity is well described by free fall effect. However, close to edge guides, liquid moves slower, revealing formation of a viscous boundary layer. The size of boundary layer and velocity near edge guides are strong function of viscosity. The critical condition was determined by examining flow rate below which curtain broke. Curtain failure was initiated by growth of a hole within liquid curtain, close to edge guides. Visualization results showed that the hole forms in a circular shape then becomes elliptical as it grows faster in vertical direction compared to horizontal direction. As viscosity rises, minimum flow rate for destabilization of curtain increased, indicating connection between interaction with edge guides and curtain stability. We would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Dow Chemical Company.
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Overview of fire curtains in construction
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nedryshkin Oleg
2016-01-01
Full Text Available A fire curtain is use where, if there is a fire, it is necessary to create a temporary barrier within an opening, which seals off the area on fire. The curtain descends and prevents any fire and smoke from spreading from one area to another. It also allows people access to protected escape routes without any loss of fire resistance. The paper aims to presents the results of analysis of the scientific literature on the subject of fire curtains.
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Effect of Rheological Properties on Liquid Curtain Coating
Mohammad Karim, Alireza; Suszynski, Wieslaw; Griffith, William; Pujari, Saswati; Carvalho, Marcio; Francis, Lorraine; Dow Chemical Company Collaboration; PUC-Rio Collaboration
2017-11-01
Curtain coating is one of the preferred methods for high-speed precision application of single-layer and multi-layer coatings in technology. However, uniform coatings are only obtained in a certain range of operating parameters, called coating window. The two main physical mechanisms that limit successful curtain coating are liquid curtain breakup and air entrainment. The rheological properties of the liquid play an important role on these mechanisms, but the fundamental understanding of these relations is still not complete. The effect of rate-dependent shear and extensional viscosities on the stability of viscoelastic and shear thinning liquid curtains were explored by high-speed visualization. Aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as viscoelastic liquids. Xanthan Gum in water and glycerol solutions with a range of compositions were used as shear thinning liquids. The critical condition was determined by examining flow rate below which curtain broke. In this work, we also analyze relative importance of rate-dependent shear and extensional viscosity on both curtain breakup and air entrainment. We would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Dow Chemical Company.
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Controlling allergens in animal rooms by using curtains
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Krohn, Thomas Cæcius; Itter, Gabi; Fosse, Richard
2006-01-01
The reduction and control of allergens in the animal facility is important for staff working with laboratory animals. This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of perforated Makrolon curtains in front of racks as a method to reduce the amount of allergen in the animal room. The experimen......The reduction and control of allergens in the animal facility is important for staff working with laboratory animals. This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of perforated Makrolon curtains in front of racks as a method to reduce the amount of allergen in the animal room....... The experimental situation we studied provides some information regarding allergen disposition in animal rooms but is clearly artificial and does not reflect a typical, ‘real-world’ environment in terms of preventing exposure of workers to allergens. Plastic curtains with holes were placed in front of racks......, and a corridor between the racks and a curtain was present. The room was ventilated with air, which was blown into the room through the middle of the corridor, flowing downstream and passing through the holes in the curtain. This set-up resulted in air flow from the corridor through the curtain. Air samples were...
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Drawing the Curtain on Enceladus' South-Polar Eruptions
Spitale, Joseph N.; Hurford, Terry A.; Rhoden, Alyssa R.; Berkson, Emily E.; Platts, Symeon S.
2015-11-01
For a comprehensive description of Enceladus' south-polar eruptions observed at high resolution, they must be represented as broad curtains rather than discrete jets. Meanders in the fractures from which the curtains of material erupt give rise to optical illusions that look like discrete jets, even along fractures with no local variations in eruptive activity, implying that many features previously identified as "jets" are in fact phantoms. By comparing Cassini images with model curtain eruptions, we are able to obtain maps of eruptive activity that are not biased by the presence of those phantom jets. The average of our activity maps over all times agrees well with thermal maps produced by Cassini CIRS. We can best explain the observed curtains by assuming spreading angles with altitude of up to 14° and zenith angles of up to 8°, for curtains observed in geometries that are sensitive to those quantities.
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Richman, Russell Corey
Given the increases in both the environmental and economic costs of energy, there is a need to design and building more sustainable and low-energy building systems now. Curtain wall assemblies show great promise---the spandrel panels within them can be natural solar collectors. By using a Solar Dynamic Buffer Zone (SDBZ) in the spandrel cavity, solar energy can be efficiently gathered using the movement of air. There is a need for a numerical model capable of predicting performance of an SDBZ Curtain Wall system. This research designed, constructed and quantified a prototype SDBZ curtain wall system through by experimental testing in a laboratory environment. The laboratory experiments focussed on three main variables: air flow through the system, incoming radiation and collector surface type. Results from the experimental testing were used to validate a one-dimensional numerical model of the prototype. Results from this research show a SDBZ curtain wall system as an effective means of reducing building heating energy consumption through the preheating of incoming exterior ventilation air during the heating season in cold climates. The numerical model showed good correlation with experimental results at higher operating flows and at lower flows when using an apparent velocity at the heat transfer boundary layer. A seasonal simulation for Toronto, ON predicted energy savings of 205 kWh/m2 with an average seasonal efficiency of 28%. This is considered in the upper range when compared to other solar air collectors. Given the lack of published literature for similar systems, this research acts to introduce a simple, innovative approach to collect solar energy that would otherwise be lost to the exterior using already existing components within a curtain wall. Specifically, the research has provided: results from experiments and simulation, a first generation numerical model, aspects of design and construction of the SDBZ curtain wall and specific directions for further
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Experimental investigation of hysteresis in the break-up of liquid curtains
Marston, Jeremy
2014-09-01
Findings from an experimental investigation of the break-up of liquid curtains are reported, with the overall aim of examining stability windows for multi-layer liquid curtains composed of Newtonian fluids, where the properties of each layer can be kept constant or varied. For a single-layer curtain it is known that the minimum flow rate required for initial stability can be violated by carefully reducing the flow rate below this point, which defines a hysteresis region. However, when two or three layers are used to form a composite curtain, the hysteresis window can be considerably reduced depending on the experimental procedure used. Extensive quantitative measurements of this hysteresis region are provided alongside an examination of the influence of physical properties such as viscosity and surface tension. The origins of curtain break-up for two different geometries are analysed; first where the curtain width remains constant, pinned by straight edge guides; and second where the curtain is tapered by angled edge guides. For both cases, the rupture speed is measured, which appears to be consistent with the Taylor-Culick velocity. Observations of the typical linearly spaced jets which form after the break-up has transpired and the periodicity of these jets are compared to the Rayleigh-Taylor wavelength and previous experimental measurements. Furthermore, the curtain stability criterion originally developed by Brown (1961), summarised in terms of a Weber number, has recently been extended to multi-layer curtains by Dyson et al. (2009); thus this report provides the first experimental measurements which puts this to the test. Ultimately, it is found that only the most viscous and polymer-based liquids violate this criterion. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kutepov, A.I.; Fedotov, I.N.; Prokopov, O.I.
1982-01-01
The patented water curtain is used to eliminate gas-oil gushers and is distinguished by the fact that in order to simplify operation, the water-line collector is made out of two symmetrical parts installed with the possibility of relative rotation. The collector is equipped with at least one pipe arranged in the zone of the collector and has openings for the supply of water.
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Stability of an unsupported multi-layer surfactant laden liquid curtain under gravity
Henry, D.
2015-11-07
The industrial process of curtain coating has long been an important method in coating applications, by which a thin liquid curtain is formed to impinge upon a moving substrate, due to its highly lucrative advantage of being able to coat multiple layers simultaneously. We investigate the linear stability of an unsupported two-layer liquid curtain, which has insoluble surfactants in both liquids, which are widely used in industry to increase the stability of the curtain. We formulate the governing equations, simplified by making a thin film approximation, from which we obtain equations describing the steady-state profiles. We then examine the response of the curtain to small perturbations about this steady state to identify conditions under which the curtain is unstable, finding the addition of surfactants stabilizes the curtain. Our results are then compared to experimental data, showing a favourable trend and thereby extending the works of Brown (J Fluid Mech 10:297–305, 1960) and Dyson et al. (J Eng Math 64:237–250, 2009).
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Acoustic assessment of speech privacy curtains in two nursing units
Pope, Diana S.; Miller-Klein, Erik T.
2016-01-01
Hospitals have complex soundscapes that create challenges to patient care. Extraneous noise and high reverberation rates impair speech intelligibility, which leads to raised voices. In an unintended spiral, the increasing noise may result in diminished speech privacy, as people speak loudly to be heard over the din. The products available to improve hospital soundscapes include construction materials that absorb sound (acoustic ceiling tiles, carpet, wall insulation) and reduce reverberation rates. Enhanced privacy curtains are now available and offer potential for a relatively simple way to improve speech privacy and speech intelligibility by absorbing sound at the hospital patient's bedside. Acoustic assessments were performed over 2 days on two nursing units with a similar design in the same hospital. One unit was built with the 1970s’ standard hospital construction and the other was newly refurbished (2013) with sound-absorbing features. In addition, we determined the effect of an enhanced privacy curtain versus standard privacy curtains using acoustic measures of speech privacy and speech intelligibility indexes. Privacy curtains provided auditory protection for the patients. In general, that protection was increased by the use of enhanced privacy curtains. On an average, the enhanced curtain improved sound absorption from 20% to 30%; however, there was considerable variability, depending on the configuration of the rooms tested. Enhanced privacy curtains provide measureable improvement to the acoustics of patient rooms but cannot overcome larger acoustic design issues. To shorten reverberation time, additional absorption, and compact and more fragmented nursing unit floor plate shapes should be considered. PMID:26780959
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Acoustic assessment of speech privacy curtains in two nursing units.
Pope, Diana S; Miller-Klein, Erik T
2016-01-01
Hospitals have complex soundscapes that create challenges to patient care. Extraneous noise and high reverberation rates impair speech intelligibility, which leads to raised voices. In an unintended spiral, the increasing noise may result in diminished speech privacy, as people speak loudly to be heard over the din. The products available to improve hospital soundscapes include construction materials that absorb sound (acoustic ceiling tiles, carpet, wall insulation) and reduce reverberation rates. Enhanced privacy curtains are now available and offer potential for a relatively simple way to improve speech privacy and speech intelligibility by absorbing sound at the hospital patient's bedside. Acoustic assessments were performed over 2 days on two nursing units with a similar design in the same hospital. One unit was built with the 1970s' standard hospital construction and the other was newly refurbished (2013) with sound-absorbing features. In addition, we determined the effect of an enhanced privacy curtain versus standard privacy curtains using acoustic measures of speech privacy and speech intelligibility indexes. Privacy curtains provided auditory protection for the patients. In general, that protection was increased by the use of enhanced privacy curtains. On an average, the enhanced curtain improved sound absorption from 20% to 30%; however, there was considerable variability, depending on the configuration of the rooms tested. Enhanced privacy curtains provide measureable improvement to the acoustics of patient rooms but cannot overcome larger acoustic design issues. To shorten reverberation time, additional absorption, and compact and more fragmented nursing unit floor plate shapes should be considered.
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Acoustic assessment of speech privacy curtains in two nursing units
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Diana S Pope
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Hospitals have complex soundscapes that create challenges to patient care. Extraneous noise and high reverberation rates impair speech intelligibility, which leads to raised voices. In an unintended spiral, the increasing noise may result in diminished speech privacy, as people speak loudly to be heard over the din. The products available to improve hospital soundscapes include construction materials that absorb sound (acoustic ceiling tiles, carpet, wall insulation and reduce reverberation rates. Enhanced privacy curtains are now available and offer potential for a relatively simple way to improve speech privacy and speech intelligibility by absorbing sound at the hospital patient′s bedside. Acoustic assessments were performed over 2 days on two nursing units with a similar design in the same hospital. One unit was built with the 1970s′ standard hospital construction and the other was newly refurbished (2013 with sound-absorbing features. In addition, we determined the effect of an enhanced privacy curtain versus standard privacy curtains using acoustic measures of speech privacy and speech intelligibility indexes. Privacy curtains provided auditory protection for the patients. In general, that protection was increased by the use of enhanced privacy curtains. On an average, the enhanced curtain improved sound absorption from 20% to 30%; however, there was considerable variability, depending on the configuration of the rooms tested. Enhanced privacy curtains provide measureable improvement to the acoustics of patient rooms but cannot overcome larger acoustic design issues. To shorten reverberation time, additional absorption, and compact and more fragmented nursing unit floor plate shapes should be considered.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
2015-01-01
Timber Curtain is a site specific architectural installation, which is part of a research project conducted at the Aarhus School of Architecture as collaboration between Ph.D. and associate professor Niels Martin Larsen and the author. Through a digitally scripted associative model we performed s...... of pinewood timber, machined with a CMS Antares 5-axis CNC router. The digital process generation and simulation was implemented with Rhinoceros 3D, Grasshopper and GHPython, and AlphaCAM was used for preparing the CNC-routing....
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Microbiological contamination of cubicle curtains in an out-patient podiatry clinic
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
O'Neil Bill
2010-11-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Exposure to potential pathogens on contaminated healthcare garments and curtains can occur through direct or indirect contact. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms present on podiatry clinic curtains and measure the contamination pre and post a standard hospital laundry process. Method Baseline swabs were taken to determine colony counts present on cubical curtains before laundering. Curtains were swabbed again immediately after, one and three weeks post laundering. Total colony counts were calculated and compared to baseline, with identification of micro-organisms. Results Total colony counts increased very slightly by 3% immediately after laundry, which was not statistically significant, and declined significantly (p = 0.0002 by 56% one-week post laundry. Three weeks post laundry colony counts had increased by 16%; although clinically relevant, this was not statistically significant. The two most frequent microorganisms present throughout were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species. Laundering was not completely effective, as both species demonstrated no significant change following laundry. Conclusion This work suggests current laundry procedures may not be 100% effective in killing all microorganisms found on curtains, although a delayed decrease in total colony counts was evident. Cubicle curtains may act as a reservoir for microorganisms creating potential for cross contamination. This highlights the need for additional cleaning methods to decrease the risk of cross infection and the importance of maintaining good hand hygiene.
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Design, construction and performance of the Oldman River Dam grout curtain
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hartmaier, H.; Davachi, M. [Acres International Ltd., Calgary, AB (Canada); Dharmawardene, W. [Alberta Environment, Edmonton, AB (Canada); Sinclair, B. [Acres International Ltd., Niagara Falls, ON (Canada)
2002-07-01
The 76 m high Oldman River Dam was constructed between 1986 and 1991 near Pincher Creek, Alberta to provide flow regulation and on-stream storage of water for multi-purpose use and irrigation services as well as hydroelectric development. The dam's main structure includes an earth- and rockfill dam, a low earthfill dyke 1500 m long, twin diversion/low level outlet tunnels, a gated spillways structure, and 2 drainage tunnels. A 1.3 km long, three-line grout curtain up to 100 m deep extends below the foundation of the dam and spillway. The grout curtain was built in undeformed Paleocene sedimentary rocks affected by stress relief due to river valley erosion. 80 per cent of the grout consumption was from bedrock structural features. Piezometers, slope indicators and flow measurement weirs were installed in the dam and abutment areas both during and after construction to monitor the performance of the grout curtain. Instrument readings indicate that the grout curtain is successfully preventing the transmission of reservoir pressures to the foundation beneath the downstream shell of the dam. The piezometric pressures downstream of the grout curtain are the same as they were in the foundation before impounding. A small amount of seepage has appeared at the end of the grout curtain at the eastern end of the abutment of the spillway but it is not considered to be significant. 3 refs., 4 figs.
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Experimental investigation of hysteresis in the break-up of liquid curtains
Marston, Jeremy; Thoroddsen, Sigurdur T; Thompson, John W.; Blyth, Mark G.; Henry, Daniel; Uddin, Jamal
2014-01-01
Findings from an experimental investigation of the break-up of liquid curtains are reported, with the overall aim of examining stability windows for multi-layer liquid curtains composed of Newtonian fluids, where the properties of each layer can
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Design of automatic curtain controlled by wireless based on single chip 51 microcomputer
Han, Dafeng; Chen, Xiaoning
2017-08-01
In order to realize the wireless control of the domestic intelligent curtains, a set of wireless intelligent curtain control system based on 51 single chip microcomputer have been designed in this paper. The intelligent curtain can work in the manual mode, automatic mode and sleep mode and can be carried out by the button and mobile phone APP mode loop switch. Through the photosensitive resistance module and human pyroelectric infrared sensor to collect the indoor light value and the data whether there is the person in the room, and then after single chip processing, the motor drive module is controlled to realize the positive inversion of the asynchronous motor, the intelligent opening and closing of the curtain have been realized. The operation of the motor can be stopped under the action of the switch and the curtain opening and closing and timing switch can be controlled through the keys and mobile phone APP. The optical fiber intensity, working mode, curtain state and system time are displayed by LCD1602. The system has a high reliability and security under practical testing and with the popularity and development of smart home, the design has broad market prospects.
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Flash X-ray measurements on the shock-induced dispersal of a dense particle curtain
Wagner, Justin L.; Kearney, Sean P.; Beresh, Steven J.; DeMauro, Edward P.; Pruett, Brian O.
2015-12-01
The interaction of a Mach 1.67 shock wave with a dense particle curtain is quantified using flash radiography. These new data provide a view of particle transport inside a compressible, dense gas-solid flow of high optical opacity. The curtain, composed of 115-µm glass spheres, initially spans 87 % of the test section width and has a streamwise thickness of about 2 mm. Radiograph intensities are converted to particle volume fraction distributions using the Beer-Lambert law. The mass in the particle curtain, as determined from the X-ray data, is in reasonable agreement with that given from a simpler method using a load cell and particle imaging. Following shock impingement, the curtain propagates downstream and the peak volume fraction decreases from about 23 to about 4 % over a time of 340 µs. The propagation occurs asymmetrically, with the downstream side of the particle curtain experiencing a greater volume fraction gradient than the upstream side, attributable to the dependence of particle drag on volume fraction. Bulk particle transport is quantified from the time-dependent center of mass of the curtain. The bulk acceleration of the curtain is shown to be greater than that predicted for a single 115-µm particle in a Mach 1.67 shock-induced flow.
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Solar collector wall with active curtain system; Lasikatteinen massiivienen aurinkokeraeaejaeseinae
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ojanen, T.; Heimonen, I. [VTT Building Technology, Espoo (Finland). Building Physics, Building Services and Fire Technology
1998-12-01
Integration of solar collector into the building envelope structure brings many advantages. The disadvantage of a passive solar collector wall is that its thermal performance can not be controlled, which may cause temporary overheating and low thermal efficiency of the collector. The thermal performance of the collector wall can be improved by using controllable, active collector systems. In this paper a solar collector wall with a controllable curtain between the transparent and absorption layers is investigated. The curtain is made of several low-emissivity foil layers, which ensures low radiation heat transfer through the curtain. The curtain decreases the heat losses out from the collector wall and it improves the U-value of the wall. The curtain is used when the solar radiation intensity to the wall is not high enough or when the wall needs protection against overheating during warm weather conditions. The materials and building components used in the collector wall, except those of the curtain, are ordinary in buildings. The transparent layer can be made by using normal glazing technology and the thermal storage layer can be made out of brick or similar material. The solar energy gains through the glazing can be utilised better than in passive systems, because the curtain provides the wall with high thermal resistance outside the solar radiation periods. The thermal performance of the collector wall was studied experimentally using a Hot-Box apparatus equipped with a solar lamp. Numerical simulations were carried out to study the yearly performance of the collector wall under real climate conditions. The objectives were to determine the thermal performance of the collector wall and to study how to optimise the use of solar radiation in this system. When the curtain with high thermal resistance is used actively, the temperature level of the thermal storage layer in the wall is relatively high also during dark periods and the heat losses out from the storage
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The cost of routine Aedes aegypti control and of insecticide-treated curtain implementation.
Baly, Alberto; Flessa, Steffen; Cote, Marilys; Thiramanus, Thirapong; Vanlerberghe, Veerle; Villegas, Elci; Jirarojwatana, Somchai; Van der Stuyft, Patrick
2011-05-01
Insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs) are promoted for controlling the Dengue vector Aedes aegypti. We assessed the cost of the routine Aedes control program (RACP) and the cost of ITC implementation through the RACP and health committees in Venezuela and through health volunteers in Thailand. The yearly cost of the RACP per household amounted to US$2.14 and $1.89, respectively. The ITC implementation cost over three times more, depending on the channel used. In Venezuela the RACP was the most efficient implementation-channel. It spent US$1.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83; 1.97) per curtain distributed, of which 76.9% for the curtain itself. Implementation by health committees cost significantly (P = 0.02) more: US$2.32 (95% CI: 1.93; 2.61) of which 63% for the curtain. For ITC implementation to be at least as cost-effective as the RACP, at equal effectiveness and actual ITC prices, the attained curtain coverage and the adulticiding effect should last for 3 years.
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Utilizing adequate intake line curtain air quantities to maintain respirable dust compliance
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Schultz, M.J.; Tomko, D.M.; Rumbaugh, V.E. [United States Dept. of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Safety and Health Technical Center
2010-07-01
Mine operators are obligated to ensure the effectiveness of their dust controls and implement practices to minimize the generation of dust in their mines. The 2 main types of face ventilation are blowing and exhaust ventilation. With blowing face ventilation, intake air is directed behind a line curtain or through ventilation tubing and then discharged from the end of the line curtain toward the working face. This paper presented specific information for mine operators regarding where and when exhausting or blowing ventilation will be used. Mine operators should establish the line curtain for directing the face ventilating air as a specific distance from the point of deepest penetration of the face. The location of curtains where roof bolting is being performed should also be specified. The distance from the face is important to the effectiveness of ventilation. 4 refs., 3 tabs., 2 figs.
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Timber Curtain: Designing with material capabilities
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lahmy, Maya; Larsen, Niels Martin
2015-01-01
of the generative phase to fabrication of the artefact. Brought together by various conceptual and structural elements the Timber Curtain forms a 4.5 x 2.5 x 0.5 m construct of assembled wood components, digitally crafted through advanced production techniques. Concerned with materiality and processing of the wood......Timber Curtain explores relations between digital precision and material indeterminacy. It is an installation engaging spatially through its presence as a 1:1 architectural component as well as it is exploring novel technologies in the architectural design process from the very beginning...... an associative digital model that could gather and compute in put from material behaviour and out put manufacturing data was scripted. This method enables material capacity to be pushed to the limit of its performance allowing novel sensuous and structural qualities to emerge. The method is developed with use...
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Improving the performance of infrared reflective night curtains for warming field plots
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bruhn, Dan; Larsen, Klaus S.; de Dato, Giovanbattista D.
2013-01-01
Infrared reflective (IR) curtains have been widely used to obtain passive nighttime warming in field ecosystem experiments in order to simulate and study climate warming effects on ecosystems. For any field installation with IR-reflective curtains in an ecosystem the achieved heating effect depen...
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A Cost–Benefit Analysis to Assess the Effectiveness of Frontal Center Curtain Airbag
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bo Kyeong Lee
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Several new varieties of airbags are under consideration for development. However, their commercialization decision must be backed by a positive Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA outcome. In this study, we propose a CBA framework for the frontal center curtain airbag, a newly designed safety system intended to reduce the injury risk of rear-seat passengers. The proposed CBA covers not only economic benefits of the producer but also the effectiveness in sustainable reduction of the fatal and injury rate. In this context, with accumulated field data on road traffic accidents, a forecasting method reflecting the reduced casualties and the market share of vehicle sales associated with frontal center curtain airbag is utilized. Our results suggest that the use of frontal center curtain airbags helps to reduce the number of casualties with a Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS of 3 or above by 87.4%. Furthermore, both the initial market penetration rate and price of the frontal center curtain airbag significantly influence its socioeconomic benefits. By evaluating the effectiveness of the frontal center curtain airbag, our study can contribute to the decision making for its commercialization.
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Curtain Antenna Array Simulation Research Based on MATLAB
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hongbo LIU
2014-01-01
Full Text Available For the radiating capacity of curtain antenna array, this paper constructs a three- line-four-column curtain antenna array using cage antenna as the antenna array element and obtains a normalizing 3D radiation patterns through conducting simulation with MATLAB. Meanwhile, the relationships between the antenna spacing and the largest directivity coefficient, as well as the communication frequency and largest directivity coefficient are analyzed in this paper. It turns out that the max value will generate when the antenna spacing is around 18 m and the best communication effect will be achieved when the communication frequency is about 12.4 MHz.
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1445 Section 60.1445 Protection of Environment... Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1445 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If your air curtain incinerator combusts...
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Bubble Curtains: Herbivore Exclusion Devices for Ecology and Restoration of Marine Ecosystems?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Scott Bennett
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Herbivorous fishes play a critical role in maintaining or disrupting the ecological resilience of many kelp forests, coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems, worldwide. The increasing rate and scale of benthic habitat loss under global change has magnified the importance of herbivores and highlights the need to study marine herbivory at ecologically relevant scales. Currently, underwater herbivore exclusions (or inclusions have been restricted to small scale experimental plots, in large part due to the challenges of designing structures that can withstand the physical forces of waves and currents, without drastically altering the physical environment inside the exclusion area. We tested the ability of bubble curtains to deter herbivorous fishes from feeding on seaweeds as an alternative to the use of rigid exclusion cages. Kelps (Ecklonia radiata were transplanted onto reefs with high browsing herbivore pressure into either unprotected plots, exclusion cages or plots protected by bubble curtains of 0.785 m2 and 3.14 m2. Remote underwater video was used to compare the behavioral response of fishes to kelps protected and unprotected by bubble curtains. Kelp biomass loss was significantly lower inside the bubble curtains compared to unprotected kelps and did not differ from kelp loss rates in traditional exclusion cages. Consistent with this finding, no herbivorous fishes were observed entering into the bubble curtain at any point during the experiment. In contrast, fish bite rates on unprotected kelps were 1,621 ± 702 bites h−1 (mean ± SE. Our study provides initial evidence that bubble curtains can exclude herbivorous fishes, paving the way for future studies to examine their application at larger spatial and temporal scales, beyond what has been previously feasible using traditional exclusion cages.
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Scientific communication across the Iron Curtain
Hollings, Christopher D
2016-01-01
This monograph provides a concise introduction to the tangled issues of communication between Russian and Western scientists during the Cold War. It details the extent to which mid-twentieth-century researchers and practitioners were able to communicate with their counterparts on the opposite side of the Iron Curtain. Drawing upon evidence from a range of disciplines, a decade-by-decade account is first given of the varying levels of contact that existed via private correspondence and conference attendance. Next, the book examines the exchange of publications and the availability of one side's work in the libraries of the other. It then goes on to compare general language abilities on opposite sides of the Iron Curtain, with comments on efforts in the West to learn Russian and the systematic translation of Russian work. In the end, author Christopher Hollings argues that physical accessibility was generally good in both directions, but that Western scientists were afflicted by greater linguistic difficultie...
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Curtain color and lighting program in broiler production: I - general performance
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu
2011-09-01
Full Text Available The objective of the present study was to evaluate mortality and performance, darkling beetle population (Alphitobius diaperinus, light intensity, electrical energy consumption and economic efficiency of broilers reared under two lighting programs (nearly continuous or intermittent and two curtain colors (yellow or blue. The experiment was conducted between June, 2004 and May, 2005. Six flocks were sequentially housed in four 12 × 10 m broiler houses divided into 4 pens with 200 birds each. Litter was reused six times or until flock 6. Body weight and feed conversion were determined on days 21, 35, and 42 of each flock. Mortality was recorded daily. Electrical energy consumption was recorded at the end of the grow-out of each flock (every 42 days. A completely randomized design in a 6 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (flocks, lighting programs, curtains with four replicates per treatment was applied. Broilers reared in houses with yellow curtains and under nearly continuous lighting programs presented the best feed conversion ratio and the highest body weight. Nearly continuous lighting programs resulted in 1.48 times more sudden deaths and 1.34 times higher general mortality when compared with intermittent lighting programs. Electrical energy consumption was 2.12 times higher in nearly continuous lighting programs in relation to intermittent lighting programs. The presence of darkling beetles was higher in broiler houses with blue curtains and intermittent lighting program. The economic analysis showed the feasibility of using a mixed system, with intermittent light program in winter and spring and nearly continuous lighting program in the summer and autumn, both in broiler houses with yellow curtains.
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2010-07-01
... reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste... Qualification Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60.2973 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn only wood...
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2010-07-01
... reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1455 Section 60... Reconstruction is Commenced After June 6, 2001 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1455 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn 100...
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2010-07-01
... Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Wood... reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent wood wastes, clean lumber, and/or... for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent wood wastes, clean lumber, and/or yard waste? (a...
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Numerical study on the effect of width of single curtain on the performance of Savonius wind turbine
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yuwono Triyogi
2018-01-01
Full Text Available This is a preliminary results of the flow around the Savonius wind turbine with installing curtain plate in front of the returning blade turbine. It was investigated numerically in a uniform flow at Reynolds number of 30,000 and 90,000. The velocity vector and pressure distribution around the turbine were simulate by varying the width of curtain plate relative to the diameter of rotor blade (S/D of = 1.00, 1.02, 1.03, 1.15, 1.41, and 2.00, using STAR CCM++ Software. The k-ɛ realizable as turbulence model was used to visualize the flow phenomena occurred around the turbine, and where in this simulation, the rotor turbine was set static. The results show that it seems the width of the curtain installed in front of the returning blade of the turbine plays an important role in the performance of the turbine. In general, the installing of the curtain in front of the returning blade of the turbine is more effective to improve the turbine performance. This is not necessarily, but depends on the width of the curtain and the number of Reynolds (Re. For the width of the large curtain of S/D = 2 at Re = 90,000, the performance of the turbine is estimated lower than when the turbine without the curtain.
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Flow of a falling liquid curtain onto a moving substrate
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Liu, Yekun; Itoh, Masahiro; Kyotoh, Harumichi
2017-01-01
In this study, we investigate a low-Weber-number flow of a liquid curtain bridged between two vertical edge guides and the upper surface of a moving substrate. Surface waves are observed on the liquid curtain, which are generated due to a large pressure difference between the inner and outer region of the meniscus on the substrate, and propagate upstream. They are categorized as varicose waves that propagate upstream on the curtain and become stationary because of the downstream flow. The Kistler’s equation, which governs the flow in thin liquid curtains, is solved under the downstream boundary conditions, and the numerical solutions are studied carefully. The solutions are categorized into three cases depending on the boundary conditions. The stability of the varicose waves is also discussed as wavelets were observed on these waves. The two types of modes staggered and peak-valley patterns are considered in the present study, and they depend on the Reynolds number, the Weber number, and the amplitude of the surface waves. The former is observed in our experiment, while the latter is predicted by our calculation. Both the types of modes can be derived using the equations with periodic coefficients that originated from the periodic base flow due to the varicose waves. The stability analysis of the waves shows that the appearance of the peak-valley pattern requires a significantly greater amplitude of the waves, and a significantly higher Weber number and Reynolds number compared to the condition in which the staggered pattern is observed. (paper)
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Flow of a falling liquid curtain onto a moving substrate
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liu, Yekun; Itoh, Masahiro [Graduate school of Engineering Mechanics and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 302-8573 (Japan); Kyotoh, Harumichi, E-mail: yekunliu@hotmail.com [Division of Engineering Mechanics and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 302-8573 (Japan)
2017-10-15
In this study, we investigate a low-Weber-number flow of a liquid curtain bridged between two vertical edge guides and the upper surface of a moving substrate. Surface waves are observed on the liquid curtain, which are generated due to a large pressure difference between the inner and outer region of the meniscus on the substrate, and propagate upstream. They are categorized as varicose waves that propagate upstream on the curtain and become stationary because of the downstream flow. The Kistler’s equation, which governs the flow in thin liquid curtains, is solved under the downstream boundary conditions, and the numerical solutions are studied carefully. The solutions are categorized into three cases depending on the boundary conditions. The stability of the varicose waves is also discussed as wavelets were observed on these waves. The two types of modes staggered and peak-valley patterns are considered in the present study, and they depend on the Reynolds number, the Weber number, and the amplitude of the surface waves. The former is observed in our experiment, while the latter is predicted by our calculation. Both the types of modes can be derived using the equations with periodic coefficients that originated from the periodic base flow due to the varicose waves. The stability analysis of the waves shows that the appearance of the peak-valley pattern requires a significantly greater amplitude of the waves, and a significantly higher Weber number and Reynolds number compared to the condition in which the staggered pattern is observed. (paper)
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Case study installation of a HDPE curtain wall with sheetpile tie-in on both ends
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Schindler, R.M.; Maltese, P.C.
1997-01-01
The plans for eliminating the off-site migration of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) from a refinery into a nearby river included the installation of a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) curtain wall and an underdrain system. A 640 m (2100 lineal feet) HDPE Curtain Wall was installed along the river boundary, tying into an existing sheet pile wall on both ends. The wall varied from approximately 4.5 m (15 feet) deep at the northern end to about 7 m (23 feet) deep at the southern end, running approximately 3 to 3.6 m (10 to 12 feet) inland of an existing wooden bulkhead. The curtain wall was successfully installed through a slurry supported trench. A 930 m (3050 lineal feet) interception/collection trench was installed parallel to the HDPE Curtain Wall, continuing on beyond the curtain wall on the southern end. The depth of the trench varied from approximately 3 to 4 m (10 to 13 feet) deep. A 20.32 cm (8 inch) diameter perforated HDPE header pipe was placed in the trench to convey groundwater and product to two sumps. The trench is 53.34 cm (21 inches) wide and contained aggregate to approximately 0.9 m (3 feet) below ground. This work was accomplished using the bio-polymer slurry drainage trench (BP Drain) technique. This paper briefly describes the construction methods utilized during this project, specifically HDPE curtain wall installation thru a bentonite slurry and tie-in to the existing sheet pile wall
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Stuke, Lance E; Nirula, Raminder; Gentilello, Larry M; Shafi, Shahid
2010-10-01
More than 9,000 vehicle occupants die each year in side-impact vehicle collisions, primarily from head injuries. The authors hypothesized that side-curtain air bags significantly improve head and neck safety in side-impact crash testing. Side-impact crash-test data were obtained from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, which ranks occupant protection as good, acceptable, marginal, or poor. Vehicles of the same make and model that underwent side-impact crash testing both with and without side-curtain air bags were compared, as well as the protective effect of these air bags on occupants' risk for head and neck injury. Of all the passenger vehicles, 25 models have undergone side-impact crash testing with and without side-curtain air bags by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Only 3 models without side-curtain air bags (12%) provided good head and neck protection for drivers, while 21 cars with side-curtain air bags (84%) provided good protection (P bags was less dramatic but significant (84% without vs 100% with side-curtain air bags, P = .04). Side-curtain air bags significantly improve vehicle occupant safety in side-impact crash tests. Installation of these air bags should be federally mandated in all passenger vehicles. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Orthogonal design on range hood with air curtain and its effects on kitchen environment.
Liu, Xiaomin; Wang, Xing; Xi, Guang
2014-01-01
Conventional range hoods cannot effectively prevent the oil fumes containing cooking-induced harmful material from escaping into the kitchen Air curtains and guide plates have been used in range hoods to reduce the escape of airborne emissions and heat, thereby improving the kitchen environment and the cook's degree of comfort. In this article, numerical simulations are used to study the effects of the jet velocity of an air curtain, the jet angle of the air curtain, the width of the jet slot, the area of the guide plate, and the exhaust rate of the range hood on the perceived temperature, the perceived concentration of oil fumes, the release temperature of oil fumes, and the concentration of escaped oil fumes in a kitchen. The orthogonal experiment results show that the exhaust rate of the range hood is the main factor influencing the fumes concentration and the temperature distribution in the kitchen. For the range hood examined in the present study, the optimum values of the exhaust rate, the jet velocity of the air curtain, the jet angle of the air curtain, the width of the jet slot, and the area of the guide plate are 10.5 m(3)/min, 1.5 m/s, -5°, 4 mm, and 0.22 m(2), respectively, based on the results of the parametric study. In addition, the velocity field, temperature field, and oil fumes concentration field in the kitchen using the proposed range hood with the air curtain and guide plate are analyzed for those parameters. The study's results provide significant information needed for improving the kitchen environment.
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Blast Analysis of Laminated Glass Curtain Walls Equipped by Viscoelastic Dissipative Devices
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chiara Bedon
2012-09-01
Full Text Available Nonlinear numerical simulations are reported for a conventional unitized laminated glass curtain wall subjected to high- and low-level air blast loading. The studied curtain wall, spanning floor to floor, consisted of a laminated glass panel, a continuous bead of structural silicone sealant, a split screw spline frame and four rigid brackets. Firstly, a linear elastic FE-model (M01 is presented to investigate dynamic stresses and deflections due to explosion, by taking into account geometrical nonlinearities. Since, in similar glazing systems, it is important to take into account the possible cracking of glass lites, a second model (M02, calibrated to previous experimental data, is proposed. In it, glass behaves as a brittle-elastic material, whereas an elastoplastic characteristic curve is assumed for mullions. As a result, the design explosion seriously affects the main components of the curtain wall, especially the bead of silicone. To address these criticalities, additional viscoelastic (VE devices are installed at the frame corners (M03. Their effectiveness explains the additional deformability provided to the conventional curtain wall, as well as the obvious dissipation of the incoming energy due to blast loading. Structural and energy capabilities provided by devices are highlighted by means of numerical simulations.
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Experimental investigations of an air curtain device subjected to external perturbations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Havet, M.; Rouaud, O.; Solliec, C.
2003-01-01
Although plane air jets are often used as dynamic barriers to separate two environments, only a few works have explored their sensitivity to perturbations. We investigated the influence of sharp changes of pressure on the flow field of a device designed to avoid air-borne contamination. Laser tomography and tracer gas experiments clearly indicate that the air curtain is strongly sensitive to perturbations such as draughts. The results highlight that the control of air curtains used in open protection devices should be further investigated
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15375 Section 62.15375 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15375 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15380 Section 62.15380 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15380 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1920 Section 60.1920 Protection of Environment... or Before August 30, 1999 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1920 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If...
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1450 Section 60.1450 Protection of Environment... Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1450 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? (a) Use EPA Reference Method 9 in appendix A of...
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1925 Section 60.1925 Protection of Environment... or Before August 30, 1999 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1925 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? (a) Use...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu
2011-09-01
Full Text Available The objective of the present study was to evaluate carcass and parts' yield, abdominal fat deposition and breast and foot pad blisters of broilers reared under two lighting programs (nearly continuous or intermittent in broilers houses with yellow and blue curtains. The experiment was conducted between June, 2004 and May, 2005. Six flocks were sequentially housed in four 12 × 10 m broiler houses divided into 4 pens with 200 birds each. The litter was reused six times or until flock 6. A completely randomized design in a 6 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (flocks, lighting programs, curtains with four replicates per treatment was applied. A total of 288 birds were evaluated for carcass yield. Curtain color did not affect carcass or parts' yield. The effect of lighting program and curtain color on carcass yield may depend on other factors related to flock. Intermittent lighting program promoted the highest drumstick and thigh yields. Lighting programs and curtain colors did not affect abdominal fat deposition or the presence of breast and foot pad blisters.
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Evaluation of Strategies to Improve the Thermal Performance of Steel Frames in Curtain Wall Systems
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ji Hyun Oh
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Recently, metal curtain wall systems have been widely used in high-rise buildings due to many advantages, including being lightweight, rapid construction, and aesthetic features. Since the metal frame may lead to lower energy performance, thermal discomfort, and condensation risk due to the high thermal conductivity, its thermal performance can be important for the improvement of the overall thermal performance of the curtain wall system, as well as the energy efficiency of the building envelope. This study aims to evaluate variety of design strategies to improve the thermal performance of steel curtain wall frames. Five base cases and three further steps were selected for two different head profile shapes based on a state-of-the art technology review, and their thermal transmittances were calculated through simulations according to the ISO 12631 standard which is an international standard for calculating thermal transmittance of curtain wall system. Measured results that were obtained from hot-box tests were compared with the calculated results to validate the simulation method of this study. The shape of the head profile did not strongly influence the overall thermal transmittance, and the choice of strategies for the rabbet space was more important. More effective strategies could be decided according to the steps for variation development. This result can serve as a guideline for the design of high-performance curtain wall frames.
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Detailed analysis of turbulent flows in air curtains
Jaramillo, Julian E.; Perez-Segarra, Carlos D.; Lehmkuhl, Oriol; Castro, Jesus
2011-01-01
In order to prevent entrainment, an air curtain should provide a jet with low turbulence level, and enough momentum to counteract pressure differences across the opening. Consequently, the analysis of the discharge plenum should be taken into consideration. Hence, the main object of this paper is to
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Ambience control by air-curtains; Controle d'ambiance par rideaux d'air
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Blanchet, F.X.; Gouriou, Y.; Gupta, S.; Pavageau, M.; Solliec, C. [Ecole des Mines de Nantes, UMR 6144 CNRS-EMN-Univ. de Nantes, Dept. Systemes Energetiques et Environnement, 44 (France); Cassin, C.; Maubert, P.; Rey, C. [Aix-Marseille-3 Univ. Paul Cezanne, IUT de Saint Jerome, Dept. GTE, 13 - Marseille (France)
2005-08-01
Air curtains are plane air jets blown across openings so as to isolate from each other two adjacent volumes. Such apparatus are commonly used in applications where it is sought to minimise heat or mass transfers between two areas while it is necessary to keep free the way for people or material from one area to the next one. Experimental facilities were designed to investigate various air-curtain arrangements with the aim to work out efficient solutions for energy saves or smoke confining in case of fire in a road tunnel. In the first stage, the emphasis was put on flow dynamics. The different configurations considered in this work include systems made of one or two curtains of single or double jets. They were specifically designed to perform measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). (authors)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bruins, K. [Biddle, Kootstertille (Netherlands)
1997-10-01
Based on a newly developed so-called multi air jet technology air curtains in front of cold spaces prevent warm air from infiltrating the cold space. The principles and performance of the cold space air curtain are briefly outlined. 2 figs.
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The domestic veil: exploring the net curtain through the uncanny and the gothic
Quarini, Carol
2015-01-01
This research aims to develop original creative practice, using the net curtain to reconsider the domestic, through the lenses of the uncanny and the gothic. The net curtain, hanging in the liminal space between the public and the private, is used to embody Freud’s 1919 definition of the uncanny, as the point of slippage between the homely and the unhomely. Also central to this research are ideas about the gothic and gendered domesticity, in particular, the gothic fiction of the mid-nineteent...
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Curtain eruptions from Enceladus' south-polar terrain
Spitale, Joseph N.; Hurford, Terry A.; Rhoden, Alyssa R.; Berkson, Emily E.; Platts, Symeon S.
2015-05-01
Observations of the south pole of the Saturnian moon Enceladus revealed large rifts in the south-polar terrain, informally called `tiger stripes', named Alexandria, Baghdad, Cairo and Damascus Sulci. These fractures have been shown to be the sources of the observed jets of water vapour and icy particles and to exhibit higher temperatures than the surrounding terrain. Subsequent observations have focused on obtaining close-up imaging of this region to better characterize these emissions. Recent work examined those newer data sets and used triangulation of discrete jets to produce maps of jetting activity at various times. Here we show that much of the eruptive activity can be explained by broad, curtain-like eruptions. Optical illusions in the curtain eruptions resulting from a combination of viewing direction and local fracture geometry produce image features that were probably misinterpreted previously as discrete jets. We present maps of the total emission along the fractures, rather than just the jet-like component, for five times during an approximately one-year period in 2009 and 2010. An accurate picture of the style, timing and spatial distribution of the south-polar eruptions is crucial to evaluating theories for the mechanism controlling the eruptions.
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Ghotbi Ravandi, Ebrahim; Rahmannejad, Reza; Karimi-Nasab, Saeed; Sarrafi, Amir; Raoof, Amir
In this paper the main criteria of the water curtain system for unlined rock caverns (URCs) is described. By the application of numerical modeling and genetic programming (GP), a method for water curtain system pre-design for Iranian crude oil storage URCs (common dimension worldwide) is presented.
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A new intelligent curtain control system based on 51 single chip microcomputer
Sun, Tuan; Wang, Yanhua; Wu, Mengmeng
2017-04-01
This paper uses 51 (single chip microcomputer) SCM as the operation and data processing center. According to the change of sunshine intensity and ambient temperature, a new type of intelligent curtain control system is designed by adopting photosensitive element and temperature sensor. In addition, the design also has a manual control mode. In the rain, when the light intensity is weak, the open position of the curtain can be set by the user. The system can maximize the user to provide user-friendly operation and comfortable living environment. The system can be applied to home or office environment, with a wide range of applications and simple operation and so on.
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Air curtain incinerator equipment performance evaluation report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
1987-01-01
About 50 tonnes of oil-contaminated debris and related wood products were successfully incinerated in a 10-h performance evaluation of a mobile air curtain incinerator. The test was conducted to evaluate the incinerator's ability to combust oil-contaminated trash and debris obtained from oil spill sites. The operating principle of the apparatus involves a diesel engine driving an air blower to deliver ca 20,000 scfm of air into a 5-m long manifold angled at a 30{degree} slope into an incineration tank. A bottomhole aerator is lowered to the bottom of the tank and compressed air is injected into the aerator to control burn efficiency. The blower is engaged once the debris in the tank is burning sufficiently after starting a fire in the debris. The air curtain effect created by the air deflecting off the opposite wall from the blower manifold and bouncing off the bottom and up the side of the incineration tank results in repeated combustion of the gases, thereby significantly reducing the degree of visible smoke emission. The unit is capable of incinerating ca 5 tonnes/h and of generating ca 16 m{sup 3}/h of hot water which can be used for flushing spill sites and cleaning shorelines. 12 figs.
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Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" Address: Implications for the Present.
Bush, George
1988-01-01
Evaluates the "Iron Curtain" speech made by Winston Churchill in 1946, discussing its relevance and implications for the present. Examines Churchill's predictions for the future and his assessment of the USSR. Reviews world developments since the speech and proposes foreign policy goals for the next 40 years. (GEA)
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Dumouchelle, Denise H.
2006-01-01
Many home sewage-treatment systems (HSTS) in Ohio use curtain or perimeter drains to depress the level of the subsurface water in and around the systems. These drains could possibly intercept partially untreated wastewater and release potential pathogens to ground-water and surface-water bodies. The quality of water in curtain drains from two different HSTS designs in Medina County, Ohio, was investigated using several methods. Six evaporation-transpiration-absorption (ETA) and five leach-line (LL) systems were investigated by determining nutrient concentrations, chloride/bromide ratios (Cl/Br), Escherichia coli (E. coli ) concentrations, coliphage genotyping, and genetic fingerprinting of E. coli. Water samples were collected at 11 sites and included samples from curtain drains, septic tanks, and residential water wells. Nitrate concentrations in the curtain drains ranged from 0.03 to 3.53 mg/L (milligrams per liter), as N. Concentrations of chloride in 10 of the 11 curtain drains ranged from 5.5 to 21 mg/L; the chloride concentration in the eleventh curtain drain was 340 mg/L. Bromide concentrations in 11 curtain drains ranged from 0.01 to 0.22 mg/L. Cl/Br ratios ranged from 86 to 2,000. F-specific coliphage were not found in any curtain-drain samples. Concentrations of E. coli in the curtain drains ranged from 1 to 760 colonies per 100 milliliters. The curtain-drain water-quality data were evaluated to determine whether HSTS-derived water was present in the curtain drains. Nutrient concentrations were too low to be of use in the determination. The Cl/Br ratios appear promising. Coliphage was not detected in the curtain drains, so genotyping could not be attempted. E. coli concentrations in the curtain drains were all less than those from the corresponding HSTS; only one sample exceeded the Ohio secondary-contact water-quality standard. The genetic fingerprinting data were inconclusive because multiple links between unrelated sites were found. Although the
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2010-07-01
... reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15385 Section 62... Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15385 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? (a) Provide a notice of construction...
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2010-07-01
... reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1930 Section 60... Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1930 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? (a) Provide a notice of construction...
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2010-07-01
... reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste... Times for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60.3068...
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The Perforated Curtain: Configuring the Public and the Private in Calcutta’s Cabin Culture
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Twisha Deb
2017-04-01
Full Text Available When I was very young, eating out was not a regular activity for our family. On one of such rare occasion we ended up in a restaurant where the waiter made us sit in a cubicle with a curtain on one side. You pull the curtain and it creates a weird sense of privacy. That idea of intimate space in the middle of a busy city intrigued me. Later I found many restaurants in Kolkata where they have this sort of cabin, a private eating area. Starting from pre-independence when they were there to provide some privacy to the ladies of the family who were not allowed to eat in public, the cabin witnessed many private affairs with time, from political discussions to lovers’ silence. With changing time and the emergence of posh cafes with quirky interiors, the shabby little cabins have lost their charm, but the almost empty cabins, some even without the curtains stand there to tell a story of a time gone by.
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2010-07-01
... air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent wood wastes, clean lumber and/or yard waste? 62.14815... Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Wood Wastes, Clean Lumber And/or...
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2010-07-01
... air curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste? 60.3066 Section 60... Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60.3066 What are the...
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2010-07-01
... air curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste? 60.2971 Section 60... Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60.2971 What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste? (a) Within...
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Simultaneous density-field visualization and PIV of a shock-accelerated gas curtain
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Prestridge, K.; Rightley, P.M.; Vorobieff, P. [Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM (United States). Dynamic Exp. Div.; Benjamin, R.F.; Kurnit, N.A.
2000-10-01
We describe a highly-detailed experimental characterization of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (the impulsively driven Rayleigh-Taylor instability) (Meshkov 1969; Richtmyer 1960). In our experiment, a vertical curtain of heavy gas (SF{sub 6}) flows into the test section of an air-filled, horizontal shock tube. The instability evolves after a Mach 1.2 shock passes through the curtain. For visualization, we pre-mix the SF{sub 6} with a small ({proportional_to}10{sup -5}) volume fraction of sub-micron-sized glycol/water droplets. A horizontal section of the flow is illuminated by a light sheet produced by a combination of a customized, burst-mode Nd:YAG laser and a commercial pulsed laser. Three CCD cameras are employed in visualization. The ''dynamic imaging camera'' images the entire test section, but does not detect the individual droplets. It produces a sequence of instantaneous images of local droplet concentration, which in the post-shock flow is proportional to density. The gas curtain is convected out of the test section about 1 ms after the shock passes through the curtain. A second camera images the initial conditions with high resolution, since the initial conditions vary from test to test. The third camera, ''PIV camera,'' has a spatial resolution sufficient to detect the individual droplets in the light sheet. Images from this camera are interrogated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) to recover instantaneous snapshots of the velocity field in a small (19 x 14 mm) field of view. The fidelity of the flow-seeding technique for density-field acquisition and the reliability of the PIV technique are both quantified in this paper. In combination with wide-field density data, PIV measurements give us additional physical insight into the evolution of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in a problem which serves as an excellent test case for general transition-to-turbulence studies. (orig.)
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Qingsong Zhang
2015-01-01
Full Text Available For practical purposes, the curtain grouting method is an effective method to treat geological disasters and can be used to improve the strength and permeability resistance of surrounding rock. Selection of the optimal parameters of grouting reinforcement cycle especially reinforcement cycle thickness is one of the most interesting areas of research in curtain grouting designs. Based on the fluid-structure interaction theory and orthogonal analysis method, the influence of reinforcement cycle thickness, elastic modulus, and permeability on water inflow of tunnel after grouting and stability of surrounding rock was analyzed. As to the water inflow of tunnel after grouting used as performance evaluation index of grouting reinforcement cycle, it can be concluded that the permeability was the most important factor followed by reinforcement cycle thickness and elastic modulus. Furthermore, pore water pressure field, stress field, and plastic zone of surrounding rock were calculated by using COMSOL software under different conditions of reinforcement cycle thickness. It also can be concluded that the optimal thickness of reinforcement cycle and permeability can be adopted as 8 m and 1/100 of the surrounding rock permeability in the curtain grouting reinforcement cycle. The engineering case provides a reference for similar engineering.
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent wood wastes, clean lumber, and/or yard waste? 62.14820 Section... Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Wood Wastes, Clean Lumber And/or...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Deng Baiquan; Huang Jinhua; Peng Lilin; Yan Jiancheng
2003-01-01
A global model analysis of the compatibility of flowing liquid lithium curtain for blanket with core plasma has been performed. The relationships between the surface temperature of lithium curtain and mean effective plasma charges, fuel dilution and produced fusion power have been obtained. Results show that under normal circumstances, the evaporation of liquid lithium does not affect Z eff seriously, but affects fuel dilution and fusion power sensitively. The authors have investigated the relationships between the flow velocity of liquid lithium and its surface temperature rise based on the conditions of the option II of the fusion experimental breeder (FEB-E) design with reversed shear configuration and fairly high power density. The authors concluded that the effects of evaporation from liquid lithium curtain for FEB-E on plasma are negligible even if the flow velocity of liquid lithium is as low as 0.5 m·s -1 . Finally, the sputtering yield of liquid lithium saturated by hydrogen isotopes is briefly discussed
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40 CFR 60.3062 - What is an air curtain incinerator?
2010-07-01
... Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60.3062 What is... this subpart. (1) 100 percent wood waste. (2) 100 percent clean lumber. (3) 100 percent yard waste. (4...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cremers, B.E. [Biddle, Kloostertille (Netherlands)
2010-03-15
In times of drastic automation air curtains cannot lag behind. Yet, how do you control a product whose operation depends not only on own settings but also on the conditions in which it is used. This article describes the latest development in the automation of the air curtain above an open door. The automated air curtain now has the highest separation efficiency, low energy use and optimal comfort under changing circumstances without any need for manual adjustment. CHIPS refers to Corrective Heating and Impulse Prediction System. [Dutch] In een tijd van verregaande automatisering kan een luchtgordijn niet achterblijven. Maar hoe regel je een product waarvan de werking niet alleen afhangt van de eigen instellingen, maar ook van de omstandigheden waarin het wordt gebruikt? Dit artikel beschrijft de nieuwste stap in de automatisering van een luchtgordijn boven een openstaande deur. Hiermee heeft het automatisch geregelde luchtgordijn het hoogste scheidingsrendement, laag energiegebruik en optimaal comfort onder wisselende omstandigheden zonder het luchtgordijn handmatig te hoeven bijstellen. CHIPS staat voor Corrective Heating and Impulse Prediction System.
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The use of water curtains to protect firemen in case of heavy gas dispersion
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bara, A.; Dusserre, G. [Ecole Nationale Superieure des Techniques Industrielles et des Mines d`Ales (France). Lab. Genie de l`Environnement Industriel
1997-05-01
The aim of this paper is to study the effectiveness of the water curtains used by firemen in France to protect people fighting chemical spillage. The effectiveness of these barriers is a reduction in concentration behind it by a factor of 10 at a distance of approximately 13 m and a factor of 3 at a distance of approximately 20 m in the case of ammonia releases. The results of similar studies of a wide variety of toxic gases will provide a quick and reliable tool for firefighters, which will help to define at what distance to place the curtain and predict the concentrations behind it. (UK)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Multhauf, R. [Biddle GmbH, Koeln (Germany)
1998-11-01
Hall doors are indispensable for short logistic distances of product or raw materials management. Air curtain systems make it possible to keep doors open independent of the weather and season. The heating energy requiremens of modern air curtain systems has been reduced significantly. (orig.) [Deutsch] Hallentore sind fuer moeglichst kurze Logistikwege der Waren oder Rohstoffe im industriellen Betrieb unvermeidlich. Luftschleieranlagen ermoeglichen offene Tore unabhaengig von der Witterung und der Jahreszeit. Die zur Betreibung der Luftschleieranlagen notwendige Heizenergie wurde durch neue Entwicklungen stark reduziert. (orig.)
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste? 60.3067 Section 60.3067... Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60.3067 How must I monitor opacity for...
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Cornelissen, Gerard; Pandit, Naba Raj; Taylor, Paul; Pandit, Bishnu Hari; Sparrevik, Magnus; Schmidt, Hans Peter
2016-01-01
Flame Curtain Biochar Kilns Pyrolysis of organic waste or woody materials yields charcoal, a stable carbonaceous product that can be used for cooking or mixed into soil, in the latter case often termed "biochar". Traditional kiln technologies for charcoal production are slow and without treatment of the pyrolysis gases, resulting in emissions of gases (mainly methane and carbon monoxide) and aerosols that are both toxic and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. In retort kilns pyrolysis gases are led back to a combustion chamber. This can reduce emissions substantially, but is costly and consumes a considerable amount of valuable ignition material such as wood during start-up. To overcome these problems, a novel type of technology, the Kon-Tiki flame curtain pyrolysis, is proposed. This technology combines the simplicity of the traditional kiln with the combustion of pyrolysis gases in the flame curtain (similar to retort kilns), also avoiding use of external fuel for start-up. Biochar Characteristics A field study in Nepal using various feedstocks showed char yields of 22 ± 5% on a dry weight basis and 40 ± 11% on a C basis. Biochars with high C contents (76 ± 9%; n = 57), average surface areas (11 to 215 m2 g-1), low EPA16—PAHs (2.3 to 6.6 mg kg-1) and high CECs (43 to 217 cmolc/kg)(average for all feedstocks, mainly woody shrubs) were obtained, in compliance with the European Biochar Certificate (EBC). Gas Emission Factors Mean emission factors for the flame curtain kilns were (g kg-1 biochar for all feedstocks); CO2 = 4300 ± 1700, CO = 54 ± 35, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) = 6 ± 3, CH4 = 30 ± 60, aerosols (PM10) = 11 ± 15, total products of incomplete combustion (PIC) = 100 ± 83 and NOx = 0.4 ± 0.3. The flame curtain kilns emitted statistically significantly (p<0.05) lower amounts of CO, PIC and NOx than retort and traditional kilns, and higher amounts of CO2. Implications With benefits such as high quality biochar, low emission
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PERMEABILITY OF SAVCIBEY DAM (BİLECİK AXIS LOCATION AND DESIGN OF GROUT CURTAIN
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mustafa Can Canoğlu
2016-12-01
Full Text Available This study comprise the design of the planned grout curtain in Savcıbey Dam (Söğüt/Bilecik in order to provide impermeability along the dam axis. Within the context of field studies, engineering geology map was generated, ground investigation drilling was realized and permeability tests were performed. Within the field studies, the joint conditions of the geological units (Triassic aged Bozuyük Metamorphic schists under the dam axis and its effect on permeability was observed considering the positions of the discontinuities with regard to the dam axis location. Orientation of discontinuities generally have strikes changing between N – S and NNE – SSW. 5 boreholes on dam axis, 2 boreholes on cofferdam, 3 boreholes on diversion tunnel and 2 boreholes on spillway total 245 m ground investigation borehole were drilled. In order to determine the permeability profile of dam axis and design the grout curtain, Lugeon tests in Bozuyük Metamorphic units observed in dam axis, falling head permeability tests in alluviums observed in thalveg and slope debris observed in right abutment were performed. Lugeon tests realized in Bozuyük Metamorphic units show that the unit is generally permeable and partly low permeable. Alluvium and slope debris are highly permeable. In addition, drilling works realized in dam axis shows that the augmentation of the weathering degree cause an increase of permeability in Triassic aged Bozüyük Metamorphic schists. As a result of these studies information about the permeability of Savcıbey Dam was collected and the grout curtain hole was designed. Accordingly, it is predicted that approximately 40 m depth of grout curtain from the stripping excavation with the depth of 1.50 m would prevent the possible leakages.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhongkui Li
2016-10-01
Full Text Available The underground water-sealed storage technique is critically important and generally accepted for the national energy strategy in China. Although several small underground water-sealed oil storage caverns have been built in China since the 1970s, there is still a lack of experience for large-volume underground storage in complicated geological conditions. The current design concept of water curtain system and the technical instruction for system operation have limitations in maintaining the stability of surrounding rock mass during the construction of the main storage caverns, as well as the long-term stability. Although several large-scale underground oil storage projects are under construction at present in China, the design concepts and construction methods, especially for the water curtain system, are mainly based on the ideal porosity medium flow theory and the experiences gained from the similar projects overseas. The storage projects currently constructed in China have the specific features such as huge scale, large depth, multiple-level arrangement, high seepage pressure, complicated geological conditions, and high in situ stresses, which are the challenging issues for the stability of the storage caverns. Based on years' experiences obtained from the first large-scale (millions of cubic meters underground water-sealed oil storage project in China, some design and operation problems related to water curtain system during project construction are discussed. The drawbacks and merits of the water curtain system are also presented. As an example, the conventional concept of “filling joints with water” is widely used in many cases, as a basic concept for the design of the water curtain system, but it is immature. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the conventional concept are pointed out, with respect to the long-term stability as well as the safety of construction of storage caverns. Finally, new concepts and principles
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PECULIARITIES OF DESIGN OF CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS TO ASSURE THERMAL INSULATION
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Golunov Sergej Anatolevich
2012-10-01
The results of laboratory tests (given the adjustments for permissible tolerances may be regarded as the principal criteria in the assessment of applicability of a curtain wall system in the course of a major building repair project or a new construction to assure the required reliability and durability.
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Study on construction technology of metro tunnel under a glass curtain wall
Zhang, Jian; Yu, Deqiang
2018-03-01
To ensure the safety of the glass curtain wall building above loess tunnel and get an optimal scheme, an elastic-plastic FEM model is established to simulate three reinforcement schemes based on a tunnel section in Xi’an Metro Line 3. The results show that the settlement value of the optimal scheme is reduced by 69.89% compared with the drainage measures, and the uneven settlement value is reduced by 57.5%. The construction points, technical processes and technical indexes of the optimal scheme are introduced. According to the actual project, the cumulative settlement of the building under construction is 16mm, which meets the control standards. According to the actual project, the cumulative settlement of the glass curtain wall building is 16mm, which meets the control standards. The reinforcement scheme can provide some reference for the design and construction of the metro in loess area.
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2010-07-01
... incinerator burns only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste? 60.3063 Section 60.3063 Protection of... Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60.3063 When must I comply if my air curtain...
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2010-07-01
... title V operating permit for my air curtain incinerator that burns only wood waste, clean lumber, and... and Compliance Times for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard...
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2010-07-01
... curtain incinerator that burns only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste and then restart it? 60.3064... Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60.3064 What...
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2010-07-01
... close my air curtain incinerator that burns only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste and not... Compliance Times for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste § 60...
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Construction Technology and Management of Stone Curtain Wall%石材幕墙的施工工艺及施工管理
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
黄博杰
2015-01-01
由于石材幕墙整体效果美观，颜色均匀一致，具有较好的耐久性且不会造成玻璃幕墙所导致的光污染，目前越来越多的住宅、酒店、写字楼的外墙用石材来进行装饰。随着其广泛地运用，对石材幕墙的施工进行管理显得日益重要。该文将从石材幕墙的施工工艺及施工管理的质量、安全、进度三方面来进行分析。%Due to stone curtain wall’s merits of the overall satisfactory effect,consistent color,good durability and no light pollution generally caused by glass curtain wall,stone is increasingly widely used for the exterior wall decora-tion of residential houses,hotels and office buildings.With the wide application of stone curtain wall,the importance of the construction management of stone curtain wall is increasingly obvious.This paper briefly studies the stone cur-tain wall from aspects of the quality,safety and process of construction technology and construction management.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Orekhov Vyacheslav Valentinovich
2015-04-01
Full Text Available In the article the authors considered the technique of evaluating the performance of a grouting curtain basing on the analysis of mathematical forecasting and regular measurements of water temperature in the reservoir and in the rock mass behind the dam. The initial data for the solution of heat transfer problem are the rate of filtration, obtained from the solution of the stationary problem of filtration, and the experimental factor, generalizing thermophysical properties of rocks. For calculating the period of time from to the change of the water temperature in the reservoir till the change of water temperature at the reference point of the rock mass a computer program was designed, which allows defining the path and time of filtration from the reservoir to the reference point in the rock mass with the help of the reverse conversion on flow lines. The calculation was carried out from the point in question in the rock mass till the crossing paths of filtration with the bottom boundary of the reservoir. As an example, we present the results of computational studies of filtration and temperature regimes in the rock foundation of a concrete dam at the design work of the grouting curtain and in case of the presence of pervious area. The calculations were performed with a time step dt = 2 days. At each time step, with account of water motion along the lines of the current through the rock mass, the previous position of the reference points in space has been determined, for which the value of the velocity vector of filtration field was corrected. In the first case, the motion of water from the reservoir was carried out in the circumvention of the grouting curtain. In the second case, the motion of water took place from the reservoir through the permeable portion of the grouting curtain. The change of the water temperature during its seepage from the water reservoir through permeable area of grouting curtain because of conductive heat transmission in
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Curtain color and lighting program in broiler production: III - thermal comfort
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paulo Giovanni de Abreu
2011-09-01
Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal comfort of broilers reared under two lighting programs (almost continuous and intermittent in broiler houses with yellow or blue lateral curtains. The experiment was carried out from June 24, 2004 until May 12, 2005. Six consecutive flocks were housed in four 12 × 10 m broilers houses internally divided into four pens of 200 birds each. Six flocks were raised on the same litter. The registration of data was accomplished at 3-hour intervals, for 24 hours twice a week. In the center of each pen and outside the house, dry and wet bulb temperatures, black globe temperature, and air velocity were collected. Based on the data collected at each time, air temperature (AT (ºC, black globe humidity temperature index (BGHTI, radiant thermal load (RTL (W/m², and relative air humidity (RH were determined. Harmonic analysis was used to estimate m, R, and f parameters. In general, the best results in terms of thermal comfort for the birds were found when near-continuous lighting program and yellow curtain were used.
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On radiative transfer in water spray curtains using the discrete ordinates method
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Collin, A. [Laboratoire d' Energetique et de Mecanique Theorique and Appliquee (LEMTA), CNRS UMR 7563, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques BP 239 - 54506 VANDOEUVRE Cedex (France); Boulet, P. [Laboratoire d' Energetique et de Mecanique Theorique and Appliquee (LEMTA), CNRS UMR 7563, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques BP 239 - 54506 VANDOEUVRE Cedex (France)]. E-mail: Pascal.Boulet@lemta.uhp-nancy.fr; Lacroix, D. [Laboratoire d' Energetique et de Mecanique Theorique and Appliquee (LEMTA), CNRS UMR 7563, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques BP 239 - 54506 VANDOEUVRE Cedex (France); Jeandel, G. [Laboratoire d' Energetique et de Mecanique Theorique and Appliquee (LEMTA), CNRS UMR 7563, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques BP 239 - 54506 VANDOEUVRE Cedex (France)
2005-04-15
Radiative transfer through water spray curtains has been presently addressed in conditions similar to devices used in fire protection systems. The radiation propagation from the heat source through the medium is simulated using a 2D Discrete Ordinates Method. The curtain is treated as an absorbing and anisotropically scattering medium, made of droplets injected in a mixing of air, water vapor and carbon dioxide. Such a participating medium requires a careful treatment of its spectral response in order to model the radiative transfer accurately. This particular problem is dealt with using a correlated-K method. Radiative properties for the droplets are calculated applying the Mie theory. Transmissivities under realistic conditions are then simulated after a validation thanks to comparisons with some experimental data available in the literature. Owing to promising results which are already observed in this case of uncoupled radiative problem, next step will be to combine the present study with a companion work dedicated to the careful treatment of the spray dynamics and of the induced heat transfer phenomena.
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石材幕墙安装技术要点控制%The Control Points of Stone Curtain Wall Installation Technology
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陈慧
2013-01-01
随着经济的发展，城市建筑外墙结构采用天然石材幕墙的不断增多。石材幕墙具有独特的艺术风格、高雅的外在造型，能使城市景观得到进一步的提升。石材幕墙的施工方法分为干挂法和湿挂法。本文着重针对干挂法石材幕墙安装的技术要点与质量控制进行探讨。%With the development of economy, exterior wal st-ructure of urban architecture using the natural stone curtain wal structure is increasing. The external appearance of stone curtain wal has a unique artistic style, elegant, can make the city landscape has been further improved. Construction metho-d for stone curtain wal is divided into dry hanging method and wet hanging method. This paper discusses focused on the law of dry hanging stone curtain wal technology points and the quality control of instal ation.
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Physical modeling of steel flow in a tun dish equipped with a turbulence inhibitor and a gas curtain
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Perez-Labra, M.; Diaz-Cruz, M.; Palafox-Ramos, J.; Avila-Davila, E. O.; Patino-Cardona, F.
2005-01-01
A 2/5 scale model with a transparent plastic sheet was built based on Froude criterion in which eight cases were studied by PIV technique, maintaining a constant gas flow rate of 596 ml/min and only varying the gas curtain position. The results permitted to get Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curves, and from the data processing it was found that combining Turbulence Inhibitor (TI) with the adequate gas curtain position it is enhanced the plug volume. The case VII presented the best results increasing the plug volume in 131.85% in comparison with the case IV which was taken as the reference one. (Author) 10 refs
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Wang, Jianxiu; Liu, Xiaotian; Wu, Yuanbin; Liu, Shaoli; Wu, Lingao; Lou, Rongxiang; Lu, Jiansheng; Yin, Yao
2017-06-01
High-velocity non-Darcy flow produced larger drawdown than Darcy flow under the same pumping rate. When the non-Darcy flow caused by curtain met non-Darcy flow caused by pumping wells, superposition and amplification effect occurred in the coupling area, the non-Darcy flow was defined as coupling non-Darcy flow. The coupling non-Darcy flow can be produced and controlled using different combination of curtain and pumping wells in foundation pit dewatering to obtain the maximum drawdown using the minimum pumping rate. The Qianjiang Century City Station foundation pit of Hangzhou subway, China, was selected as background. Field experiments were performed to observe the coupling non-Darcy flow in round gravel. A generalized conceptual model was established to study the coupling effect under different combination of curtain and pumping wells. Numerical simulations of the coupling non-Darcy flow in foundation pit dewatering were carried out based on the Forchheimer equation. The non-Darcy flow area and flow velocity were influenced by the coupling effect. Short filter tube, large pumping rate, small horizontal distance between filter tube and diaphragm wall, and small vertical distance between the filter tube and confined aquifer roof effectively strengthened the coupling effect and obtained a large drawdown. The pumping wells installed close to a curtain was an intentional choice designed to create coupling non-Darcy flow and obtain the maximize drawdown. It can be used in the dewatering of a long and narrow foundation pit, such as a subway foundation pit.
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On the use of infrared thermography in studies with air curtain devices
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Neto, L. P. C. [Departamento de Engenharia Industrial, Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Instituto Politecnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco (Portugal); Silva, M. C. G.; Costa, J. J. [Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Coimbra (Portugal)
2006-07-01
Among the different existing methods to characterise the aerodynamic sealing effect provided by an air curtain device placed over the opening between two contiguous compartments, infrared thermography has revealed to be a very useful tool. Besides allowing the capture, in an expedite way, of instantaneous images of the temperature field in the neighbourhood of the door, the technique hereon described has other advantages, in terms of quick and easy setup, low intrusive character and liability of obtained results. To apply this method, a large sheet of paper was stretched in the direction perpendicular to the opening where the air curtain device has placed to allow the registration of pictures or video sequences with an infrared camera setup in its maximum sensitivity. Good concordance between the thermographs obtained with this technique and the temperature fields measured for the same plane with a rack of 16 low velocity omni-directional thermal anemometer probes allowed its validation. Various elucidative examples of the use of this technique as a complementary tool for analysis and visualization of the complex physical phenomena occurring for the studied flow are presented in this article. (author)
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Boron concentration evolution in the temporary curtains of a BWR reactor. Burcur code
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cano Aguado, M.; Perlado Martin, J.M.; Minguez Torres, E.
1977-01-01
The theoretical model and the user's guide of the code Burcur is included. This code analyzes the burnable poison concentration of the temporary curtains as a function of time, for BWR reactors of the 7 x 7 design. The computing time being reasonably short, the number of burnup steps is as high as necessary.(author) [es
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nikolaev Aleksandr
2017-01-01
Full Text Available In the existing shaft air heater installations (AHI, that heat the air for air suppliers in cold seasons, a heater channel is used. Some parts of the air from the heater go to the channel, other parts are sucked through a pithead by the general shaft pressure drawdown formed by the main ventilation installation (MVI. When this happens, a mix of two air flows leads to a shaft heat regime violation that can break pressurization of intertubular sealers. The problem of energy saving while airing underground mining enterprises is also very important. The proposed solution of both tasks due to the application of an air curtain is described in the article. In cold seasons the air treatment process should be used and it is offered to place an air curtain in the air suppliers shaft above the place of interface of the calorifer channel to a trunk in order to avoid an infiltration (suction of air through the pithead. It’s recommended to use an air curtain in a ventilation shaft because it reduces external air leaks thereby improving energy efficiency of the MVI work. During the mathematical modeling of ventilation and air preparation process (in SolidWorks Flowsimulation software package it was found out that the use of the air curtain in the air supply shaft can increase the efficiency of the AHI, and reduce the electricity consumption for ventilation in the ventilation shaft.
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Khayrullina, A.; Hooff, van T.A.J.; Blocken, B.J.E.; van Heijst, G.J.F.; Sun, Y.; Pei, J.; Zhao, X
This study presents results of coupled 3D steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of an isolated naturally-ventilated building with the application of an air curtain to prevent heat transfer across a doorway. The considered parameters include air
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Delivering COBie data - Focus on curtain walls and building envelopes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Karlshøj, Jan; Borin, P.; Carradori, M.
COBie is a standard data framework whose main purpose is to transmit useful, reliable and us-able information collected throughout the whole building process and to be consumed in order to properly maintain the facility. Focusing on Facility Management information exchanges and considering the UK...... BIM policies and requirements, this paper shows the results obtained applying COBie to complex products such as curtain walls. Two Information Delivery Manuals (IDMs) were also developed, in order to provide a com-monly known and standardized framework, which can regulate the COBie-based information...
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The Effects of Curtain Airbag on Occupant Kinematics and Injury Index in Rollover Crash
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hongyun Li
2018-01-01
Full Text Available Background. Occupant injuries in rollover crashes are associated with vehicle structural performance, as well as the restraint system design. For a better understanding of the occupant kinematics and injury index in certain rollover crash, it is essential to carry out dynamic vehicle rollover simulation with dummy included. Objective. This study focused on effects of curtain airbag (CAB parameters on occupant kinematics and injury indexes in a rollover crash. Besides, optimized parameters of the CAB were proposed for the purpose of decreasing the occupant injuries in such rollover scenario. Method and Material. The vehicle motion from the physical test was introduced as the input for the numerical simulation, and the 50% Hybrid III dummy model from the MADYMO database was imported into a simulation model. The restraint system, including a validated CAB module, was introduced for occupant kinematics simulation and injury evaluation. TTF setting, maximum inflator pressure, and protection area of the CAB were analysed. Results. After introducing the curtain airbag, the maximum head acceleration was reduced from 91.60 g to 49.52 g, and the neck Mx and neck Fz were reduced significantly. Among these CAB parameters, the TTF setting had the largest effect on the head acceleration which could reduce 8.6 g furthermore after optimization. The neck Fz was decreased from 3766.48 N to 2571.77 N after optimization of CAB protection area. Conclusions. Avoiding hard contact is critical for the occupant protection in the rollover crashes. The simulation results indicated that occupant kinematics and certain injury indexes were improved with the help of CAB in such rollover scenario. Appropriate TTF setting and inflator selection could benefit occupant kinematics and injury indexes. Besides, it was advised to optimize the curtain airbag thickness around the head contact area to improve head and neck injury indexes.
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AA, radiation shielding curtain along the target area
CERN PhotoLab
1980-01-01
At the far left is the beam tube for the high-intensity proton beam from the 26 GeV PS. The tube ends in a thin window and the proton beam continues in air through a hole in the shielding blocks (see also 8010308), behind which the target (see 7905091, 7905094)was located. After the target followed the magnetic horn, focusing the antiprotons, and the first part of the injection line with a proton dump. The antiprotons, deflected by a magnet, left the target area through another shielding wall, to make their way to the AA ring. Laterally, this sequence of components was shielded with movable, suspended, concrete blocks: the "curtain". Balasz Szeless, who had constructed it, is standing at its side.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-07-01
Fog and ice are problems in cold storage warehouses. A manufacturer of air conditioning equipment (Biddle in Kootstertille, Netherlands) claims to have found the solution in the so-called Multi Air stream Technology, an air curtain for cold stores.
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On the use of infrared thermography in studies with air curtain devices
Neto, Luís P. C.; Silva, Manuel Gameiro da; Costa, José J.
2006-01-01
Among the different existing methods to characterise the aerodynamic sealing effect provided by an air curtain device placed over the opening between two contiguous compartments, infrared thermography has revealed to be a very useful tool. Besides allowing the capture, in an expedite way, of instantaneous images of the temperature field in the neighbourhood of the door, the technique hereon described has other advantages, in terms of quick and easy setup, low intrusive character and liability ...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Meyer, L.C.
1992-05-01
This report presents the results of experiments using electrostatic curtains (ESCS) as a transuranic (TRU) contamination control technique. The TRU contaminants included small (micrometer to sub micrometer) particles of plutonium and americium compounds associated with defense-related waste. Three series of experiments were conducted. The first was with uncontaminated Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) soil, the second used contaminated soil containing plutonium-239 (from a mixture of Rocky Flats Plant contaminated soil and INEL uncontaminated soil), and the third was uncontaminated INEL soil spiked with plutonium-239. All experiments with contaminated soil were conducted inside a glove box containing a dust generator, low volume cascade impactor (LVCI), electrostatic separator, and electrostatic materials. The data for these experiments consisted of the mass of dust collected on the various material coupons, plates, and filters; radiochemical analysis of selected samples; and photographs, as well as computer printouts giving particle size distributions and dimensions from the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The following results were found: (a) plutonium content (pCi/g) was found to increase with smaller soil particle sizes and (b) the electrostatic field had a stronger influence on smaller particle sizes compared to larger particle sizes. The SEM analysis indicated that the particle size of the tracer Pu239 used in the spiked soil experiments was below the detectable size limit (0.5 μm) of the SEM and, thus, may not be representative of plutonium particles found in defense-related waste. The use of radiochemical analysis indicated that plutonium could be found on separator plates of both polarities, as well as passing through the electric field and collecting on LVCI filters
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Generator of a dense atomic gas curtain (for use in Intersecting Storage Rings)
Zankel, K
1975-01-01
A supersonic beam source is described which continuously generates a gas curtain for the proton beam profile observation in the Intersecting Storage Rings at CERN. Its maximum intensity is 10/sup 20 / atoms/sr s. A commonly used theoretical model for the determination of the intensity downstream of the source is discussed. Some results about the condensation behaviour of sodium vapour on metallic substrate surfaces are reported. (8 refs).
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Comparison of heat transfer and soil impacts of air curtain burner burning and slash pile burning
Woongsoon Jang; Deborah S. Page-Dumroese; Han-Sup Han
2017-01-01
We measured soil heating and subsequent changes in soil properties between two forest residue disposal methods: slash pile burning (SPB) and air curtain burner (ACB). The ACB consumes fuels more efficiently and safely via blowing air into a burning container. Five burning trials with different fuel sizes were implemented in northern California, USA. Soil temperature...
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
齐鑫
2016-01-01
This paper introduced the construction characteristics of stone curtain wall,from the positioning,lightning protection connection,stone panel installation,pendant installation and other aspects,elaborated the construction technology of stone curtain wall,and discussed the methods to improve the construction quality,conducive to promote the popularization and application of stone curtain wall.%结合实践经验，分析了土木工程中钢结构施工技术存在的问题，并从吊装施工、焊接技术、现场勘测、材料选择四方面，提出了改进钢结构施工技术的建议，从而提高钢结构的施工水平。
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The use of sparge curtains for contaminant plume control
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Molnaa, B.; Dablow, J.
1994-01-01
Contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons and organic solvents represents a major impact to soil and groundwater. Following recent research and development, several technologies have evolved to treat saturated zone adsorbed- and dissolved-phase contaminants in situ. These technologies include bioremediation and air sparging. Funnel and gate approaches have been developed at the Waterloo Center for Groundwater Research to control contaminant plume migration and treat dissolved-phase contaminants before allowing migration downgradient and off site. The process consists of using low hydraulic conductivity cutoff walls to funnel groundwater flow through gates that contain in situ bioreactors. These systems can maintain hydraulic control and treat dissolved-phase contaminants at the downgradient margins of plumes, while minimizing, or in some cases eliminating, the need for groundwater pumping. Sparge curtains can be applied to treat dissolved-phase contaminants and prevent downgradient, off-site migration of contaminated groundwater
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Leeladhar; Raturi, Parul; Singh, J P
2018-02-27
Photomechanical actuation is the conversion of light energy into mechanical energy through some smart materials. Infrared-responsive smart materials have become an emerging field of research due to easy availability and eco-friendly nature of their stimulus in the form of sunlight, which contains about 50% of near-infrared(nIR) making these materials useful at macro-scale photoactuator applications. Here, we demonstrate fabrication of highly versatile nIR triggered photoactuators based on graphene oxide/polycarbonate bilayers that offers fast, low-cost fabrication, large deflection, reversible actuation and wavelength-selective response. The photoactuators are realized by vacuum filtration of graphene oxide/water dispersion through polycarbonate membrane resulting graphene oxide/polymer bilayer structure. The photoactuation response was measured in the form of deflection from equilibrium position as a result of infrared-irradiation. The deflection is caused by the generated thermal stress at the interface of bilayers due to mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient as a results of nIR absorption by graphene oxide and subsequent temperature rise. A maximum deflection of 12 mm (circular-shaped structure with diameter 28 mm) with corresponding bending curvature of 0.33 cm -1 was shown by this photoactuator for illumination intensity of 106 mW/cm 2 . Few applications of these photoactuators such as sunlight-driven smart curtain, infrared actuated curtain and self-folding box are also demonstrated.
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Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Ploc, Ondřej; Sihver, L.; Kartashov, D.; Shurshakov, V.; Tolochek, R. V.
2013-01-01
Roč. 52, č. 11 (2013), s. 1911-1918 ISSN 0273-1177 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : protective curtain experiment * shielding of cosmic radiation * PHITS simulations * ISS Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders Impact factor: 1.238, year: 2013
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cremers, B. [Biddle, Kootstertille (Netherlands); Traversar, R. [TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie TNO-MEP, Apeldoorn (Netherlands)
2008-02-15
In industrial buildings a balanced ventilation is not common property. Due to increasing differences in pressure across the front much cold outside air enters the building, resulting in poor comfort near the door. A good air curtain can heat up large amounts of incoming cold outside air in such a way that energy saving is optimal and comfort remains high. (mk) [Dutch] Bij industriele gebouwen is gebalanceerde ventilatie geen gemeengoed. Door oplopende drukverschillen over de gevel komt veel koude buitenlucht naar binnen en is het comfort vlak achter de deur erg laag. Een goed luchtgordijn kan grote hoeveelheden binnenkomende koude buitenlucht zodanig opwarmen dat de energiebesparing optimaal is en het comfort hoog blijft.
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
李苏慧
2016-01-01
This paper introduced the construction characteristics of stone curtain wall,from the positioning,lightning protection connection,stone panel installation,pendant installation and other aspects,elaborated the construction technology of stone curtain wall,and discussed the methods to improve the construction quality,conducive to promote the popularization and application of stone curtain wall.%介绍了石材幕墙的施工特点，从定位放线、防雷连接、石材面板安装、挂件安装等方面，阐述了石材幕墙的施工技术，以及提高其施工质量的方法，有利于促进石材幕墙的推广应用。
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eun Heui Choi
2015-09-01
Full Text Available The influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC on the properties of ground calcium carbonate (GCC and clay coating colors, as well as its effect on curtain stability during the coating process was investigated. Based on the experimental results of the zeta potential, sediment porosity, rheological measurements, the floc formation mechanisms of the cobinders were proposed. The zeta potential decreased with an increase in the amount of added PVA, while it barely changed when CMC was added. This was attributed to the adsorption of PVA onto the pigment surface, while the adsorption of CMC was hindered by electrostatic repulsion. CMC cobinder increased the low-shear viscosity, but it resulted in relatively low viscosity under high-shear conditions, indicating the disruption of the formed flocs under high shear. The destabilization mechanism of the curtain coating differed depending on the type of cobinder. The PVA cobinder flocculates the coating color via a gelling mechanism, while the CMC cobinder flocculates the colors via a depletion flocculation mechanism.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Szántó, P.; Apáthy, I.; Deme, S.; Hirn, A.; Nikolaev, I.V.; Pázmándi, T.; Shurshakov, V.A.; Tolochek, R.V.; Yarmanova, E.N.
2015-01-01
As a preparation for long duration space missions it is important to determine and minimize the impact of space radiation on human health. One of the methods to diminish the radiation burden is using an additional local shielding in the places where the crewmembers can stay for longer time. To increase the crew cabin shielding a special protective curtain was designed and delivered to ISS in 2010 containing four layers of hygienic wipes and towels providing an additional shielding thickness of about 8 g/cm"2 water-equivalent matter. The radiation shielding effect of the protective curtain, in terms of absorbed dose, was measured with the thermoluminescent Pille-ISS Detector System. In order to verify the reliability of the Pille system an onboard cross-calibration was also performed. The measurement proved that potentially 25% reduction of the absorbed dose rate in the crew cabin can be achieved, that results in 8% (∼16 μGy/day) decrease of the total absorbed dose to the crew, assuming that they spend 8 h in the crew cabin a day. - Highlights: • The dose level in the ISS Zvezda crew quarters is higher than the average dose level in the module. • A shielding made of hygienic wipes and towels was set up onboard as additional protection. • Onboard cross calibration of the Pille-ISS space dosimeter (TL) system was performed. • The shielding effect of the protective curtain in terms of absorbed dose was measured with the onboard Pille system. • The shielding effect of the protective water curtain is approximately 24 ± 9% in absorbed dose.
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The use of an air curtain in a cold store; Vrieshuis toegankelijker en veiliger met luchtscherm
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bruins, K. [Biddle, Kootstertille (Netherlands)
1998-04-01
A food distribution centre of a German chain of supermarkets applies an air curtain in one of their distribution centres (Neudietendorf, Erfurt). The door of the distribution centre building can be left open constantly which improves internal transport of the goods (next to dry products also many frozen products). Even more important is that ice forming in the passage is reduced to a minimum and the safety for the workers has improved considerably
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Quintero, Juliana; García-Betancourt, Tatiana; Cortés, Sebastian; García, Diana; Alcalá, Lucas; González-Uribe, Catalina; Brochero, Helena; Carrasquilla, Gabriel
2015-02-01
Long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) window and door curtains alone or in combination with LLIN water container covers were analysed regarding effectiveness in reducing dengue vector density, and feasibility of the intervention. A cluster randomised trial was conducted in an urban area of Colombia comparing 10 randomly selected control and 10 intervention clusters. In control clusters, routine vector control activities were performed. The intervention delivered first, LLIN curtains (from July to August 2013) and secondly, water container covers (from October to March 2014). Cross-sectional entomological surveys were carried out at baseline (February 2013 to June 2013), 9 weeks after the first intervention (August to October 2013), and 4-6 weeks after the second intervention (March to April 2014). Curtains were installed in 922 households and water container covers in 303 households. The Breteau index (BI) fell from 14 to 6 in the intervention group and from 8 to 5 in the control group. The additional intervention with LLIN covers for water containers showed a significant reduction in pupae per person index (PPI) (p=0.01). In the intervention group, the PPI index showed a clear decline of 71% compared with 25% in the control group. Costs were high but options for cost savings were identified. Short term impact evaluation indicates that the intervention package can reduce dengue vector density but sustained effect will depend on multiple factors. © The author 2015. The World Health Organization has granted Oxford University Press permission for the reproduction of this article.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Berour, Nacer; Lacroix, David E-mail: david.lacroix@lemta.uhp-nancy.fr; Boulet, Pascal; Jeandel, Gerard
2004-06-01
This paper deals with heat transfer in nongrey media which scatter, absorb and emit radiation. Considering a two dimensional geometry, radiative and conductive phenomena through the medium have been taken into account. The radiative part of the problem was solved using the discrete ordinate method with classical S{sub n} quadratures. The absorption and scattering coefficients involved in the radiative transfer equation (RTE) were obtained from the Mie theory. Conduction inside the medium was linked to the RTE through the energy conservation. Validation of the model has been achieved with several simulation of water spray curtains used as fire protection walls.
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多向可调节柔性连接式石材幕墙施工技术%Multi Direction Adjustable Connection Stone Curtain Wall Construction Technology
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
杨军
2016-01-01
This paper introduces a new type of surface stone curtain wall construction technology, the technology used to adjust the flexible back bolt of the multi direction can be adjusted, improved the construction efficiency of special⁃shaped curved surface stone, irregular curved surface stone curtain wall facade effect can be better.%介绍了一种新的异形曲面石材幕墙施工技术，该技术运用多向可调节柔性背栓的多向可调节性，提高了异形曲面石材的施工效率，异形曲面石材幕墙的外立面效果得以更好呈现。
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Loroño-Pino, María Alba; García-Rejón, Julián E.; Machain-Williams, Carlos; Gomez-Carro, Salvador; Nuñez-Ayala, Guadalupe; del Rosario Nájera-Vázquez, Maria; Losoya, Arturo; Aguilar, Lyla; Saavedra-Rodriguez, Karla; Lozano-Fuentes, Saul; Beaty, Meaghan K.; Black, William C.; Keefe, Thomas J.; Eisen, Lars; Beaty, Barry J.
2013-01-01
The home, or domicile, is the principal environment for transmission of dengue virus (DENV) between humans and mosquito vectors. Community-wide distribution of insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs), mimicking vector control program-driven interventions, has shown promise to reduce DENV infections. We conducted a Casa Segura consumer product intervention study in Mérida, Mexico to determine the potential to reduce intradomicillary DENV transmission through ITC use in individual homes. Dengue virus infections in mosquitoes and in humans were reduced in homes with ITCs in one of two study subareas. Overall, ITCs reduced intradomicillary DENV transmission; ITC homes were significantly less likely to experience multiple DENV infections in humans than NTC homes. Dengue virus–infected Aedes aegypti females were reduced within the ITC homes where curtain use was highest. Some homes yielded up to nine infected Ae. aegypti females. This study provides insights regarding best practices for Casa Segura interventions to protect homes from intradomicillary DENV transmission. PMID:23732254
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Concept and construction process of the ceramic curtain of Vila-real Library
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. Peñín Llobell
2016-12-01
Full Text Available The construction of the Library of Vila-real, selected in 2012 in the VIII Latin American Biennial of Architecture and Urbanism, highlights the importance of collaboration with industry for the development and application of its outer membrane. The analysis of the construction process of the ceramic cylindrical curtain that defines it, performed by white glazed ceramic, 5 cm diameter and 7.5 m height, reveals this fact. The system builds an interstitial space, essential for its use and environmental integration. At the same time it links the building to both local industrial fabric, which aims to establish itself as one of its exponents, and to the Mediterranean culture of filters. The procedure followed is ascribed to the postartesanal and pragmatic perspective that beyond the modern heroes, introduced characters like Jean Prouvé and that today, we state, should find natural and legal channels for its development, on behalf of the progress of the construction sector.
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Determination of the stresses and displacements in the cut off curtain body executed by the > method
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Snisarenko, V.I.; Mel'nikov, A.I.
1994-01-01
Construction of the cut-off-curtain (COC) is analyzed as a possible variant to reduce the rate of radioactive horizontal migration. Such constructions can be executed by the > method. The theoretical analysis of the stress-strained state of the carried out using the methods of the theory of elasticity and of the limit equilibrium of the strewing medium. Theoretical dependences are obtained and formulas for practical calculations of the COC-body stress-strained state in the depth intervals which are of practical interest are suggested. The dependences obtained may be used to calculate the consolidation parameters and filtration coefficients, to choose materials for the COC body, geometrical size and film elements included
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Between East and West: polio vaccination across the Iron Curtain in Cold War Hungary.
Vargha, Dora
2014-01-01
In 1950s Hungary, with an economy and infrastructure still devastated from World War II and facing further hardships, thousands of children became permanently disabled and many died in the severe polio epidemic that shook the globe. The relatively new communist regime invested significantly in solving the public health crisis, initially importing a vaccine from the West and later turning to the East for a new solution. Through the history of polio vaccination in Hungary, this article shows how Cold War politics shaped vaccine evaluation and implementation in the 1950s. On the one hand, the threat of polio created a safe place for hitherto unprecedented, open cooperation among governments and scientific communities on the two sides of the Iron Curtain. On the other hand, Cold War rhetoric influenced scientific evaluation of vaccines, choices of disease prevention, and ultimately the eradication of polio.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alberto Baly
Full Text Available Abstract: INTRODUCTION Information regarding the cost of implementing insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs is scarce. Therefore, we evaluated the ITC implementation cost, in addition to the costs of intensive conventional routine activities of the Aedes control program in the city of Guantanamo, Cuba. METHODS A cost-analysis study was conducted from the perspective of the Aedes control program, nested in an ITC effectiveness trial, during 2009-2010. Data for this study were obtained from bookkeeping records and activity registers of the Provincial Aedes Control Programme Unit and the account records of the ITC trial. RESULTS The annual cost of the routine Aedes control program activities was US$16.80 per household (p.h. Among 3,015 households, 6,714 ITCs were distributed. The total average cost per ITC distributed was US$3.42, and 74.3% of this cost was attributed to the cost of purchasing the ITCs. The annualized costs p.h. of ITC implementation was US$3.80. The additional annualized cost for deploying ITCs represented 19% and 48.4% of the total cost of the routine Aedes control and adult-stage Aedes control programs, respectively. The trial did not lead to further reductions in the already relatively low Aedes infestation levels. CONCLUSIONS At current curtain prices, ITC deployment can hardly be considered an efficient option in Guantanamo and other comparable environments.
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Baly, Alberto; Toledo, Maria Eugenia; Lambert, Isora; Benítez, Elizabeth; Rodriguez, Karina; Rodriguez, Esther; Vanlerberghe, Veerle; Stuyft, Patrick Van der
2016-01-01
Information regarding the cost of implementing insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs) is scarce. Therefore, we evaluated the ITC implementation cost, in addition to the costs of intensive conventional routine activities of the Aedes control program in the city of Guantanamo, Cuba. A cost-analysis study was conducted from the perspective of the Aedes control program, nested in an ITC effectiveness trial, during 2009-2010. Data for this study were obtained from bookkeeping records and activity registers of the Provincial Aedes Control Programme Unit and the account records of the ITC trial. The annual cost of the routine Aedes control program activities was US$16.80 per household (p.h). Among 3,015 households, 6,714 ITCs were distributed. The total average cost per ITC distributed was US$3.42, and 74.3% of this cost was attributed to the cost of purchasing the ITCs. The annualized costs p.h. of ITC implementation was US$3.80. The additional annualized cost for deploying ITCs represented 19% and 48.4% of the total cost of the routine Aedes control and adult-stage Aedes control programs, respectively. The trial did not lead to further reductions in the already relatively low Aedes infestation levels. At current curtain prices, ITC deployment can hardly be considered an efficient option in Guantanamo and other comparable environments.
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Blow capacity of an air curtain; Hoe hard denkt u dat een luchtgrodijn moet blazen?
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cremers, B.E. [Biddle, Kootstertille (Netherlands)
2003-03-01
In winter, the heat capacity of a conventional air curtain can often be increased by adjusting the speed of its outlet velocity. This article demonstrates that for various reasons, it is better to adjust the width of the outlet if you need to boost the heat level rather than the outlet velocity. It also describes the benefits of this CA (Constant Air Velocity) Technology in the interests of energy conservation and comfort. [Dutch] In de winter wordt de warmtecapaciteit van een conventioneel luchtgordijn vaak verhoogd door de uitblaassnelheid aan te passen. Dit artikel toont aan dat het om meerdere redenen beter is om bij een hogere warmtebehoefte de uitblaasbreedte aan te passen in plaats van de uitblaassnelheid. Daarnaast beschrijft het de voordelen van deze CA-technologie (Constant Air velocity) wat betreft energieverbruik en comfort.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Perez-Labra, M.; Diaz-Cruz, M.; Palafox-Ramos, J.; Avila-Davila, E. O.; Patino-Cardona, F.
2005-07-01
A 2/5 scale model with a transparent plastic sheet was built based on Froude criterion in which eight cases were studied by PIV technique, maintaining a constant gas flow rate of 596 ml/min and only varying the gas curtain position. The results permitted to get Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curves, and from the data processing it was found that combining Turbulence Inhibitor (TI) with the adequate gas curtain position it is enhanced the plug volume. The case VII presented the best results increasing the plug volume in 131.85% in comparison with the case IV which was taken as the reference one. (Author) 10 refs.
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
郭宏宇
2012-01-01
杭州某地铁深基坑工程由于地连墙在圆砾层中成槽困难，使得地下连续墙（以下简称“地连墙”）插入深度减小，不能满足承压水抗突涌稳定性要求，基于此，依托该地铁深基坑实例，通过现场灌浆对比试验，确定帷幕灌浆参数，并按此参数设置帷幕灌浆，填充地连墙未隔断的圆砾层，与地连墙搭接形成封闭的阻水帷幕，解决承压水抗突涌问题。研究表明：圆砾层的孔隙度大、渗透性好，可进行灌浆处理；帷幕灌浆能够节省工期，节约造价，有效地解决圆砾层的承压水抗突涌问题。%Some difficulties occurred in trough work in the round gravel layer for metro deep foundation pit with floor- wall transition make the floor-wall insert depth reduced, therefore it can not meet the requirements on the stability under the pressure of water gushing. Based on these and by taking a metro deep fbundation pit as an instance, curtain grouting parameters are determined after the cornparison tests on the field grouting. The parameter is set to guide curtain grouting, fill the floor-wall no- separated gravel layer, and to form a closed water-blocking curtain of the floor-wall overlap to solve the problems occurred in pressure water to stop water gushing. The study shows that the satisfactory round gravel porosity and permeability help grouting treatment; and curtain grouting shortens construction duration with less cost, effectively providing gravel layers some solutions on pressure water preventing-gushing issues.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Larsen, Olena Kalyanova; Heiselberg, Per; Jensen, Rasmus Lund
Frequent discussions of double skin façade energy performance have started a dialogue about the methods, models and tools for simulation of double façade systems and reliability of their results. Their reliability will increase with empirical validation of the software. Detailed experimental work...... was carried out in a full scale test facility ‘The Cube’, in order to compile three sets of high quality experimental data for validation purposes. The data sets are available for preheating mode, external air curtain mode and transparent insulation mode. The objective of this article is to provide the reader......’. This covers such problem areas as measurements of naturally induced air flow, measurements of air temperature under direct solar radiation exposure, etc. Finally, in order to create a solid foundation for software validation, the uncertainty and limitations in the experimental results are discussed. In part...
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Jasiczak, Józef; Girus, Krzysztof
2017-10-01
The issue of usability and durability of large-panel building constructed several decades ago is a subject of an in-depth analysis of many domestic and foreign investments. When considering the durability of specific large-panel system, one should consider, among others, the process of making external walls. The long-term and direct impact of weather conditions on the external layer of curtain walls is significant for the durability of large-panel buildings. For the needs of the presented paper, in 2016, the survey of cracks and a series of other tests of large-panel façade, residential building constructed in 1986, in Poland, in the PLP process system - Rataje was executed. Several hundred large-size, triple-layer curtain-wall slab with a 6-cm, concrete exterior cladding layer anchored using pins and hangers with the load-bearing layer, a 9-cm insulation layer made of mineral wool, and a 21-cm structural layer were surveyed. Significant deviations in thicknesses of particular wall layers were proven. Other significant damages and defects of external layers were found. At the second stage, many tests, both nondestructive and destructive, were conducted. They involved determining mechanical properties of an external layer. The concrete thickness was measured using with a type N Schmidt sclerometer and core samples were taken from this layer in order to mark concrete’s compressive strength. The range of carbonation (by phenolphthalein method) and the actual location and condition of reinforcement were estimated using a ferromagnetic device to determine the condition of the external layer. The diagnosis conducted in such a manner was the verification of necessary repair of the walls and their thermal efficiency improvement while ensuring safe conditions of their operation and modern functional and utility requirements. It should be also emphasized that the method of diagnosing the external walls presented in this paper may be popularized when evaluating such
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Schumacher, Julia; Simon, Armin; Stay, Jochen (comps.)
2015-04-15
The brochure on the nuclear waste disaster - a view behind the curtain of the presumably clean nuclear power discusses the following topics: Thuringia and Saxony - radiating landscapes, Gronau - 100.000 tons for eternity, Gundremmingen - nuclear waste records and castor shortage, Brunsbuettel - castor storage facility without licensing, Juelich the pebble bed drama, Karlsruhe - the hall is filled, Obrigheim - radioactive waste for cooking pots, Asse - the ticking bomb, final repositories - an illusion without solution, stop the waste production, Germany - endless nuclear waste.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Martin Housset
2008-08-01
Full Text Available The author presents a case with an unusually aggressive evolution of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. The patient presented with sciatica one year after initial diagnosis. She was otherwise asymptomatic. Complete work-up for bone involvement, included bone scan and MRI. The patient had asymptomatic thoracic (T5 vertebral metastasis revealed by a typical curtain sign on MRI. She benefited from radiotherapy and did not develop respiratory distress, paraplegia or pain but died of other metastases.
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Density-dependent clustering: I. Pulling back the curtains on motions of the BAO peak
Neyrinck, Mark C.; Szapudi, István; McCullagh, Nuala; Szalay, Alexander S.; Falck, Bridget; Wang, Jie
2018-05-01
The most common statistic used to analyze large-scale structure surveys is the correlation function, or power spectrum. Here, we show how `slicing' the correlation function on local density brings sensitivity to interesting non-Gaussian features in the large-scale structure, such as the expansion or contraction of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) according to the local density. The sliced correlation function measures the large-scale flows that smear out the BAO, instead of just correcting them as reconstruction algorithms do. Thus, we expect the sliced correlation function to be useful in constraining the growth factor, and modified gravity theories that involve the local density. Out of the studied cases, we find that the run of the BAO peak location with density is best revealed when slicing on a ˜40 h-1 Mpc filtered density. But slicing on a ˜100 h-1 Mpc filtered density may be most useful in distinguishing between underdense and overdense regions, whose BAO peaks are separated by a substantial ˜5 h-1 Mpc at z = 0. We also introduce `curtain plots' showing how local densities drive particle motions toward or away from each other over the course of an N-body simulation.
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Emissions from the burning of vegetative debris in air curtain destructors.
Miller, C Andrew; Lemieux, Paul M
2007-08-01
Although air curtain destructors (ACDs) have been used for quite some time to dispose of vegetative debris, relatively little in-depth testing has been conducted to quantify emissions of pollutants other than CO and particulate matter. As part of an effort to prepare for possible use of ACDs to dispose of the enormous volumes of debris generated by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the literature on ACD emissions was reviewed to identify potential environmental issues associated with ACD disposal of construction and demolition (C&D) debris. Although no data have been published on emissions from C&D debris combustion in an ACD, a few studies provided information on emissions from the combustion of vegetative debris. These studies are reviewed, and the results compared with studies of open burning of biomass. Combustion of vegetative debris in ACD units results in significantly lower emissions of particulate matter and CO per unit of mass of debris compared with open pile burning. The available data are not sufficient to make general estimates regarding emissions of organic or metal compounds. The highly transient nature of the ACD combustion process, a minimal degree of operational control, and significant variability in debris properties make accurate prediction of ACD emissions impossible in general. Results of scoping tests conducted in preparation for possible in-depth emissions tests demonstrate the challenges associated with sampling ACD emissions and highlight the transient nature of the process. The environmental impacts of widespread use of ACDs for disposal of vegetative debris and their potential use to reduce the volume of C&D debris in future disaster response scenarios remain a considerable gap in understanding the risks associated with debris disposal options.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Attema, A. [Biddle, Kootstertille (Netherlands)
2002-01-01
The impact of air curtains in the luggage dispatch facility of the Dutch airport Schiphol on the working conditions is discussed. [Dutch] Om het klimaat in een grote ruimte op een aangenaam niveau te houden, zoeken werkgevers vaak naar een oplossing, waarbij de luchtstromen in die ruimte voor de werknemers aanvaardbaar zijn. Vooral voor een gebouw dat onderhevig is aan sterke windaanvallen dient de oplossing met grote zorgvuldigheid te worden gekozen. De bagageruimte op de D-pier van luchthaven Schiphol staat op een plaats met ongunstige windstromingen. De vier openingen in de bagageruimte, waar bagagewagentjes in en uitrijden, zijn om die reden voorzien van industrie-luchtgordijnen. Per deur is gekozen voor een oplossing met ongeveer tien toestellen, die in drie rijen achter elkaar zijn geinstalleerd. Afhankelijk van de buiten emperatuur en de windinvloed worden de ventilatoren trapsgewijze ingeschakeld, zodra de pendeldeuren open gaan. De luchtgordijnen laten een onbelemmerde toegang tot de bagageruinite toe en realiseren een optimale scheiding van bet binnen- en buitenklimaat.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gaspar, Pedro Dinis; Carrilho Goncalves, L.C.; Pitarma, R.A.
2011-01-01
The vertical open refrigerated display cabinets suffer alterations of their thermal performance and energy efficiency due to variations of ambient air conditions. The air curtain provides an aerothermodynamics insulation effect that can be evaluated by the thermal entrainment factor calculation as an engineering approximation or by the calculus of all sensible and latent thermal loads. This study presents the variation of heat transfer rate and thermal entrainment factor obtained through experimental tests carried out for different ambient air conditions, varying air temperature, relative humidity, velocity and its direction relatively to the display cabinet frontal opening. The thermal entrainment factor are analysed and compared with the total sensible and latent heats results for the experimental tests. From an engineering point of view, it is concluded that thermal entrainment factor cannot be used indiscriminately, although its use is suitable to design better cabinet under the same climate class condition.
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
贾卫东; 胡化超; 陈龙; 陈志刚; 魏新华
2015-01-01
To solve the problem of less liquid deposition on the middle and lower plant canopy and uneven distribution of particle diameter by traditional pesticide application methods, this paper conducted the exploratory research about the application of the technology of pneumatic auxiliary spray combined with electrostatic spray. The charge-to-mass ratios of the droplets under different spray pressures and voltages were measured by measurement system. The results indicated that the charge-to-mass ratio increased as the voltage increased and then tended to be stable, yet decreased with the increase of spray pressure. The particle diameter spatial distribution of the droplets under charging or not was measured by Winner318B laser particle size analyzer;the horizontal and longitudinal stent in the system could move precisely so as to adjust the position of the nozzle relative to the measuring line of the laser particle size analyzer. The results showed that the volume median diameters (VMD) of the droplets decreased and then tended to increase when the nozzle moved from 0 to 3 in the horizontal stent; in the condition of no charging, the VMD of the droplets was 108.48μm and the coefficient of variation of droplet sizes was 11.96%, while in the condition of charging, the VMD of the droplets was 83.67μm and the coefficient of variation of droplet sizes was 7.48%;and the VMD of the droplets increased when the nozzle moved from 6 to 4 in the longitudinal stent. For analyzing the influence of wind-curtain, spray pressure and voltage on droplets deposition performance, the wind-curtain electrostatic boom spray system was set up and the experiment on droplet deposition performance was conducted. The system used cochineal solution as spraying liquid, and used radermachera hainanensis merr. as simulation target. Layout the film on the upper, middle, lower position plant canopy for collecting the droplets deposited. In order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, the
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Arakawa, M.; Wada, K.; Saiki, T.; Kadono, T.; Takagi, Y.; Shirai, K.; Okamoto, C.; Yano, H.; Hayakawa, M.; Nakazawa, S.; Hirata, N.; Kobayashi, M.; Michel, P.; Jutzi, M.; Imamura, H.; Ogawa, K.; Sakatani, N.; Iijima, Y.; Honda, R.; Ishibashi, K.; Hayakawa, H.; Sawada, H.
2017-07-01
The Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI) equipped on Hayabusa2 was developed to produce an artificial impact crater on the primitive Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) 162173 Ryugu (Ryugu) in order to explore the asteroid subsurface material unaffected by space weathering and thermal alteration by solar radiation. An exposed fresh surface by the impactor and/or the ejecta deposit excavated from the crater will be observed by remote sensing instruments, and a subsurface fresh sample of the asteroid will be collected there. The SCI impact experiment will be observed by a Deployable CAMera 3-D (DCAM3-D) at a distance of ˜1 km from the impact point, and the time evolution of the ejecta curtain will be observed by this camera to confirm the impact point on the asteroid surface. As a result of the observation of the ejecta curtain by DCAM3-D and the crater morphology by onboard cameras, the subsurface structure and the physical properties of the constituting materials will be derived from crater scaling laws. Moreover, the SCI experiment on Ryugu gives us a precious opportunity to clarify effects of microgravity on the cratering process and to validate numerical simulations and models of the cratering process.
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2010-02-01
ESO is releasing a magnificent VLT image of the giant stellar nursery surrounding NGC 3603, in which stars are continuously being born. Embedded in this scenic nebula is one of the most luminous and most compact clusters of young, massive stars in our Milky Way, which therefore serves as an excellent "local" analogue of very active star-forming regions in other galaxies. The cluster also hosts the most massive star to be "weighed" so far. NGC 3603 is a starburst region: a cosmic factory where stars form frantically from the nebula's extended clouds of gas and dust. Located 22 000 light-years away from the Sun, it is the closest region of this kind known in our galaxy, providing astronomers with a local test bed for studying intense star formation processes, very common in other galaxies, but hard to observe in detail because of their great distance from us. The nebula owes its shape to the intense light and winds coming from the young, massive stars which lift the curtains of gas and clouds revealing a multitude of glowing suns. The central cluster of stars inside NGC 3603 harbours thousands of stars of all sorts (eso9946): the majority have masses similar to or less than that of our Sun, but most spectacular are several of the very massive stars that are close to the end of their lives. Several blue supergiant stars crowd into a volume of less than a cubic light-year, along with three so-called Wolf-Rayet stars - extremely bright and massive stars that are ejecting vast amounts of material before finishing off in glorious explosions known as supernovae. Using another recent set of observations performed with the SINFONI instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), astronomers have confirmed that one of these stars is about 120 times more massive than our Sun, standing out as the most massive star known so far in the Milky Way [1]. The clouds of NGC 3603 provide us with a family picture of stars in different stages of their life, with gaseous structures that are
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Integral Facade Construction. Towards a new product architecture for curtain walls
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tillmann Klein
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Curtain wall constructions are one of the most applied facade constructions today. Independently attached to the primary load bearing structure of the building they protect the building’s interior from external climate conditions and allow great design freedom. With continuously rising requirements in terms of energy savings the constructional principle has reached its limits and strategies for improvement are needed. Incrementally evolved over time it is closely related to the architectural design and building processes. Based on literature research and stakeholder interviews the dissertation maps out the traditional and craftsmanship related facade design and construction process currently employed. In a next step, future challenges for facade constructions to cope with a changing market environment are identified. A facade function tree is developed and the theory of product architecture is applied to create a comparative basis for analysing different historical and contemporary facade products and systems. The function tree as well as the analysis clearly show how the fragmented market structures has influenced contemporary facade construction and leads to extremely modular product architectures. Numerous case studies for a new approach are conducted and summarised in several matrices. The case studies show how different modular and integral constructional strategies can respond to the future challenges. The pros and cons of different facade solutions, their potential for innovation and robustness in terms of market conditions are investigated. The dissertation concludes that a greater diversity of fa.ade types with a more integral construction is needed to meet the sometimes conflicting future challenges. If this can be realised, a greater diversity of more integral design and construction processes will evolve simultaneously. The role of the different stakeholders will change and a new way of educating architects or facade specialists
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sosa, R; Artana, G; Grondona, D; Marquez, A; Kelly, H
2009-01-01
A study of the electrical characteristics of the trielectrode plasma curtain (TPC) discharge is presented. The influence of the air-gap size (for a fixed value of the inter-electrode distance) on the discharge behaviour has been exhaustively studied. The TPC discharge is based on the combination of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a corona discharge (CD) in a three electrode system, and basically it consists of the 'stretching' of a pure DBD by the action of a negative CD generated between the active electrode of the dielectric barrier and a remote third electrode. It was found that the general trend of the electrical characteristic curves (the average discharge current and the streamer frequency as functions of the AC and DC biasing voltages) was very similar for all the air-gap values considered. Our results indicate that the development of the TPC discharge requires two conditions: (a) the presence of a positive cycle of a well-developed DBD together with a CD where the remote electrode acts as the cathode and (b) a voltage drop between the DBD electrode and the remote electrode high enough to obtain an average electric field in the gap that must exceed a minimum average electric field value in the streamer channel necessary for its propagation across the gap (∼6.3 kV cm -1 in our experimental conditions).
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mar Vilanova
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Viticultural practices influence both grape and wine quality. The influence of training systems on volatile composition was investigated for Albariño wine from Rías Baixas AOC in Northwest Spain. The odoriferous contribution of the compounds to the wine aroma was also studied. Volatile compounds belonging to ten groups (alcohols, C6-compounds, ethyl esters, acetates, terpenols, C13-norisoprenoids, volatile phenols, volatile fatty acids, lactones and carbonyl compounds were determined in Albariño wines from different training systems, Vertical Shoot-Positioned (VSP, Scott-Henry (SH, Geneva Double-Curtain (GDC, Arch-Cane (AC, and Parral (P during 2010 and 2011 vintages. Wines from GDC showed the highest total volatile composition with the highest concentrations of alcohols, ethyl esters, fatty acids, and lactones families. However, the highest levels of terpenes and C13-norisoprenoids were quantified in the SH system. A fruitier aroma was observed in Albariño wines from GDC when odor activity values were calculated.
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Verification of CFD model of plane jet used for smoke free zone separation in case of fire
Krajewski, Grzegorz; Suchy, Przemysław
2018-01-01
This paper presents the basic information about the use of air curtains in fire safety, as a barrier for heat and smoke. Mathematical model of an air curtain presented hereallows estimation of velocity of air in various points of space, including the velocity of air from an angled air curtain. Presented equations show how various parameters influence the performance of air curtain. Further, authors present results of their air curtain performance. Authors of that article have done tests in a real scale model. Tests results were used to verify chosen turbulence model and boundary conditions. Results of new studies are presented with regards to the performance of air curtain in case of fire, and final remarks on its design are given.
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An experimental and numerical study on the improvement of the performance of Savonius wind rotor
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Altan, Burcin Deda; Atilgan, Mehmet
2008-01-01
In the present study, a curtain has been designed to increase the low performance of the Savonius wind rotor, a type of vertical-axis wind rotor, and the effect of this curtain on the static rotor performance has been analyzed both experimentally and numerically. Designed to prevent the torque that occurs on the convex blade of the rotor in the negative direction, this curtain has been placed in front of the rotor. Experimental measurements and numerical analysis have been conducted when the Savonius wind rotor is with and without curtain. The static torque values of the rotor have been measured by experiments and calculated by numerical analysis, and finally they have been compared. The best results have been obtained by means of the rotor with curtain. Low static torque values have been obtained with the short curtain dimensions, while a considerable increase has been acquired in the static torque values with the long curtain dimensions. Fluent 6.0 trade software has been used as the numerical method
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Snisarenko, V I; Mel` nikov, A I [Myinyisterstvo Budyivel` noyi Arkhyitekturi, Kyiv (Ukraine); [Myizhgaluzevij Naukovo-Tekhnyichnij Tsentr ` ` Ukrittya ` ` , Natsyional` na Akademyiya Nauk Ukrayini, Chornobil` (Ukraine)
1994-12-31
Construction of the cut-off-curtain (COC) is analyzed as a possible variant to reduce the rate of radioactive horizontal migration. Such constructions can be executed by the << wall-in-the ground >> method. The theoretical analysis of the stress-strained state of the carried out using the methods of the theory of elasticity and of the limit equilibrium of the strewing medium. Theoretical dependences are obtained and formulas for practical calculations of the COC-body stress-strained state in the depth intervals which are of practical interest are suggested. The dependences obtained may be used to calculate the consolidation parameters and filtration coefficients, to choose materials for the COC body, geometrical size and film elements included.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dennis Pérez
2018-01-01
Full Text Available Within the context of a field trial conducted by the Cuban vector control program (AaCP, we assessed acceptability of insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs and residual insecticide treatment (RIT with deltamethrin by the community. We also assessed the potential influence of interviewees' risk perceptions for getting dengue and disease severity.We embedded a qualitative study using in-depth interviews in a cluster randomized trial (CRT testing the effectiveness of ITCs and RIT in Santiago de Cuba. In-depth interviews (N = 38 were conducted four and twelve months after deployment of the tools with people who accepted the tools, who stopped using them and who did not accept the tools. Data analysis was deductive. Main reasons for accepting ITCs at the start of the trial were perceived efficacy and not being harmful to health. Constraints linked to manufacturer instructions were the main reason for not using ITCs. People stopped using the ITCs due to perceived allergy, toxicity and low efficacy. Few heads of households refused RIT despite the noting reasons for rejection, such as allergy, health hazard and toxicity. Positive opinions of the vector control program influenced acceptability of both tools. However, frequent insecticide fogging as part of routine AaCP vector control actions diminished perceived efficacy of both tools and, therefore, acceptability. Fifty percent of interviewees did feel at risk for getting dengue and considered dengue a severe disease. However, this did not appear to influence acceptability of ITCs or RIT.Acceptability of ITCs and RIT was linked to acceptability of AaCP routine vector control activities. However, uptake and use were not always an indication of acceptability. Factors leading to acceptability may be best identified using qualitative methods, but more research is needed on the concept of acceptability and its measurement.
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Pérez, Dennis; Van der Stuyft, Patrick; Toledo, María Eugenia; Ceballos, Enrique; Fabré, Francisco; Lefèvre, Pierre
2018-01-01
Within the context of a field trial conducted by the Cuban vector control program (AaCP), we assessed acceptability of insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs) and residual insecticide treatment (RIT) with deltamethrin by the community. We also assessed the potential influence of interviewees' risk perceptions for getting dengue and disease severity. We embedded a qualitative study using in-depth interviews in a cluster randomized trial (CRT) testing the effectiveness of ITCs and RIT in Santiago de Cuba. In-depth interviews (N = 38) were conducted four and twelve months after deployment of the tools with people who accepted the tools, who stopped using them and who did not accept the tools. Data analysis was deductive. Main reasons for accepting ITCs at the start of the trial were perceived efficacy and not being harmful to health. Constraints linked to manufacturer instructions were the main reason for not using ITCs. People stopped using the ITCs due to perceived allergy, toxicity and low efficacy. Few heads of households refused RIT despite the noting reasons for rejection, such as allergy, health hazard and toxicity. Positive opinions of the vector control program influenced acceptability of both tools. However, frequent insecticide fogging as part of routine AaCP vector control actions diminished perceived efficacy of both tools and, therefore, acceptability. Fifty percent of interviewees did feel at risk for getting dengue and considered dengue a severe disease. However, this did not appear to influence acceptability of ITCs or RIT. Acceptability of ITCs and RIT was linked to acceptability of AaCP routine vector control activities. However, uptake and use were not always an indication of acceptability. Factors leading to acceptability may be best identified using qualitative methods, but more research is needed on the concept of acceptability and its measurement.
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Review of Ice-Control Methods at Lock 8, Welland Canal, Port Colborne, Ontario
2016-05-01
passes through the first air curtain (i.e., by live video camera mounted near the bullnose with a monitor at the lock house) and activate the second...methods, including an air curtain to hold ice above the lock, bubblers and mechanical means to reduce the ice accumulation on the lock walls, and...modifications include reducing the air - curtain and bubblers nozzle size to make the flow across the manifolds more uniform. The only system that the St
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Evaporation-preventive device for nuclear reactor pool water
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kurusu, Yoshihisa; Akabori, Shiro.
1986-01-01
Purpose: To prevent pool water from evaporating by a great amount in a reactor pool such as a spent fuel storing pool. Constitution: Air discharge and in-take ports are disposed just above the surface of the pool water and charge and discharge of airs are forcively carried out to form air curtains above the pool water. Water vapor evaporated from the surface of the pool water does not diffuse above the air curtains due to the air stream of the curtains, but is intaken into the intake port and then condensated into water by a steam condensator and re-supplied to the pool. Since diffusion of water vapor and radioactive materials are suppressed above the air curtains, the working circumstance in the pool chamber can be maintained desirably thereby keeping the radioactivity dose in the atmosphere. Further, incorporation of dusts from above into the pool can also be prevented by the air curtains to provide an effect for the prevention of radioactive contamination. Further, since covers are not used, visual observation can be insured. (Kawakami, Y.)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Fissore Sch, Adelqui; Cuevas B, Cristian [Universidad de Concepcion (Chile). Facultad de Ingenieria. Dept. de Ingenieria Mecanica]. E-mail: afissore@udec.cl; ccuevas@udec.cl
2000-07-01
In the present work a semi-empirical model for heat loss by convection at an indoor window surface with curtain or blind is given. With this model, the convection heat transfer coefficient and temperature of the air at confined space between the curtain and the glass can be calculated. The curtain was modeled with a paper due to the low thermal inertia that it has. The model is based on experimental data obtained for four separations between the paper and the window. Data from numerical simulation program are also used. (author)
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Numerical and Analytical Model of an Electrodynamic Dust Shield for Solar Panels on Mars
Calle, C. I.; Linell, B.; Chen, A.; Meyer, J.; Clements, S.; Mazumder, M. K.
2006-01-01
Masuda and collaborators at the University of Tokyo developed a method to confine and transport particles called the electric curtain in which a series of parallel electrodes connected to an AC source generates a traveling wave that acts as a contactless conveyor. The curtain electrodes can be excited by a single-phase or a multi-phase AC voltage. A multi-phase curtain produces a non-uniform traveling wave that provides controlled transport of those particles [1-6]. Multi-phase electric curtains from two to six phases have been developed and studied by several research groups [7-9]. We have developed an Electrodynamic Dust Shield prototype using threephase AC voltage electrodes to remove dust from surfaces. The purpose of the modeling work presented here is to research and to better understand the physics governing the electrodynamic shield, as well as to advance and to support the experimental dust shield research.
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Verification of radiation exposure using lead shields
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hayashida, Keiichi; Yamamoto, Kenyu; Azuma, Masami
2016-01-01
A long time use of radiation during IVR (intervention radiology) treatment leads up to an increased exposure on IVR operator. In order to prepare good environment for the operator to work without worry about exposure, the authors examined exposure reduction with the shields attached to the angiography instrument, i. e. lead curtain and lead glass. In this study, the lumber spine phantom was radiated using the instrument and the radiation leaked outside with and without shields was measured by the ionization chamber type survey meter. The meter was placed at the position which was considered to be that for IVR operator, and changed vertically 20-100 cm above X-ray focus by 10 cm interval. The radiation at the position of 80 cm above X-ray focus was maximum without shield and was hardly reduced with lead curtain. However, it was reduced with lead curtain plus lead glass. Similar reduction effects were observed at the position of 90-100 cm above X-ray focus. On the other hand, the radiation at the position of 70 cm above X-ray focus was not reduced with either shield, because that position corresponded to the gap between lead curtain and lead glass. The radiation at the position of 20-60 cm above X-ray focus was reduced with lead curtain, even if without lead glass. These results show that lead curtain and lead glass attached to the instrument can reduce the radiation exposure on IVR operator. Using these shields is considered to be one of good means for IVR operator to work safely. (author)
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Piltingsrud, Harley V; Zimmer, Anthony T; Rourke, Aaron B
2003-08-01
During the summer of 1994, football players at a practice field reported noxious odors in the area. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) investigations of industries surrounding the field included a printing facility producing vinyl shower curtains with screen-printed designs. Though not the source of the odor, they were discharging volatile organic compounds directly to the environs in violation of OEPA regulations. To achieve compliance they installed a catalytic oxidizer for treating discharged air. Due to high equipment costs, the capacity of the installed catalytic oxidizer resulted in a substantial reduction in discharged air flow rates and increased solvent vapor concentrations within the workplace. Vapor levels caused worker discomfort, prompting a request for assistance from the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation. The vapor concentrations were found to exceed NIOSH, OSHA, and ACGIH acceptable exposure levels. The workers were then required to wear organic vapor removing respirators full-time while printing as a temporary protective measure. The company requested NIOSH assistance in finding methods to reduce solvent vapor concentrations. NIOSH studies included the identification of the sources and relative magnitude of solvent emissions from the printing process, the design of controls for the emissions, and the development of substitute inks using non-photochemically reactive solvents. The new ink system and controls allowed OEPA removal of the requirement for the treatment of discharged air and substantial increases in dilution ventilation. Increased ventilation would permit reduction in worker exposures to less than 1/3 mixture TLV levels and removal of requirements for respirator usage. This solution was the result of a comprehensive review of all facets of the problem, including OEPA regulations. It also required cooperative work between the company and federal, state, and local governmental agencies.
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Compare the difference of architecture design in Hong Kong and Penang – Exterior wall
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Liu Wen Tao
2015-12-01
Full Text Available This research focuses on the exterior wall of architecture design of Hong Kong and Penang, it also analyzes how light pollution affects human life. As we know, Hong Kong prefers to use steel to build skyscrapers and middle or high rise buildings. However, Penang prefers to use concrete to do the construction. So, there are some advantages and disadvantages between the glass curtain wall and concrete wall in Hong Kong and Penang. The researcher used 400 samples to determine effect of the glass curtain wall and concrete wall on human life in Hong Kong and Penang separately. The result is light pollution created by glass curtain wall in Hong Kong is a serious problem to residents’ life. The glass curtain wall seriously glaze people’s eyes who drive or walk on the street. Thus, many car accidents were caused by this problem. The concrete wall is more often contaminated by fungus and difficult to clean. But, concrete wall is more natural and green for humans. Therefore, from the sustainable aspect that concrete is more healthy for humans, the previous researchers suggest that if the exterior wall is a mixture of both glass curtain and concrete it will not cause light pollution and will be easily involved in the natural environment.
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Curtain-Lifting Winds Allow Rare Glimpse into Massive Star Factory
2003-06-01
the earliest ones (astronomers here refer to "protostars"), high-mass stars evolve much faster than low-mass stars. It is therefore more difficult to "catch" massive stars in the critical phases of early formation. And, what is even worse, due to this rapid development, young high-mass protostars are usually very deeply embedded in their natal clouds and therefore not detectable at optical wavelengths during the (short) phase before nuclear reactions start in their interior. There is simply not enough time for the cloud to disperse - when the curtain finally lifts, allowing a view of the new star, it is already past those earliest stages. Is there a way around these problems? "Yes", says Dieter Nürnberger of ESO-Santiago, "you just have to look in the right place and remember Bob Dylan...!". This is what he did. "The answer, my friend, is blowing by the wind..." Imagine that it would be possible to blow away most of the obscuring gas and dust around those high-mass protostars! Even the strongest desire of the astronomers cannot do it, but there are fortunately others who are better at it! Some high-mass stars form in the neighbourhood of clusters of hot stars, i.e., next to their elder brethren. Such already evolved hot stars are a rich source of energetic photons and produce powerful stellar winds of elementary particles (like the "solar wind" but many times stronger) which impact on the surrounding interstellar gas and dust clouds. This process may lead to partial evaporation and dispersion of those clouds, thereby "lifting the curtain" and letting us look directly at young stars in that region, also comparatively massive ones at a relatively early evolutionary stage. The NGC 3603 region ESO PR Photo 16a/03 ESO PR Photo 16a/03 [Preview - JPEG: 400 x 469 pix - 70k [Normal - JPEG: 800 x 938 pix - 544k] Caption: PR Photo 16a/03 shows the sky region around NGC 3603, a cluster of young, hot stars (of the "OB-type") still partly embedded in its natal cloud of gas and
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Uchida, S.; Shikada, N.; Tanaka, M.; Kinoshita, M. (Coal Mine Safety Research Center, Kyushu, Fukuoka (Japan))
1991-10-25
Relation between a coal mine shelter and smoke was discussed. An enclosing method using combination of ceder boards and vinyl curtains affect greatly the amount of leaking air and the smoke entrance because of tightness of the vinyl curtains changing with temperatures and time. Rope curtains and air curtains show very little effect of preventing smoke from coming in. Upper levels in a shelter restrict the range of sight and have carbon monoxide in higher concentration, whereby people in the shelter are required to take a low posture. It is possible to block smoke and carbon monoxide from coming into a shelter at fire by means of keeping the shelter supplied with certain amount of pressurized air. The time required for smoke to enter a shelter is as relatively short as about 5 to 6 minutes, but 40 minutes or longer is required to discharge it, hence a shelter must be so devised that smoke can never enter it. 3 refs., 14 figs.
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2010-11-24
... rulemaking because the provision within EISA which stipulates that off mode and standby mode energy usage... than night curtains made of plastic, linoleum, or other non- reflective materials. In addition, each... proposes a 6-hour test period to approximate the typical usage of a night curtain. In studies analyzing the...
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Kurashige, E Jessica Ohashi; Oie, Shigeharu; Furukawa, H
2016-01-01
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can contaminate environmental surfaces that are frequently touched by the hands of patients with MRSA colonization/infection. There have been many studies in which the presence or absence of MRSA contamination was determined but no studies in which MRSA contamination levels were also evaluated in detail. We evaluated MRSA contamination of environmental surfaces (overbed tables, bed side rails, and curtains) in the rooms of inpatients from whom MRSA was isolated via clinical specimens. We examined the curtains within 7-14 days after they had been newly hung. The environmental surfaces were wiped using gauze (molded gauze for wiping of surface bacteria; 100% cotton, 4cm×8cm) moistened with sterile physiological saline. The MRSA contamination rate and mean counts (range) were 25.0% (6/24 samples) and 30.6 (0-255)colony-forming units (cfu)/100cm(2), respectively, for the overbed tables and 31.6% (6/19 samples) and 159.5 (0-1620)cfu/100cm(2), respectively, for the bed side rails. No MRSA was detected in 24 curtain samples. The rate of MRSA contamination of environmental surfaces was high for the overbed tables and bed side rails but low for the curtains. Therefore, at least until the 14th day of use, frequent disinfection of curtains may be not necessary. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.
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77 FR 48492 - Event Data Recorders
2012-08-14
... that [cir] Involve side or side curtain/tube air bags such that EDR data would only need to be locked... deployable restraints other than frontal, side or side/curtain air bags such that EDR data would not need to... definitions to alleviate any uncertainties in multiple event crashes; Revised certain sensor ranges and...
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Kastberger, Gerald; Waddoup, Dominique; Weihmann, Frank; Hoetzl, Thomas
2016-01-01
The Asian giant honeybees (Apis dorsata) build single-comb nests in the open, which makes this species particularly susceptible to environmental strains. Long-term infrared (IR) records documented cool nest regions (CNR) at the bee curtain (nCNR = 207, nnests > 20) distinguished by marked negative gradients (ΔTCNR/d 0) displaying the Venturi effect, which evidences funnel properties of CNRs. The air flows inwards through CNRs, which is verified by the negative spatial gradient ΔTCNR/d, by the positive grading of TCNR with Tamb and lastly by fanners which have directed their abdomens towards CNRs. Rare cases of RAT bee curtain (for ΔACNR/Δt > +0.4 cm2/s) displaying “inhalation” and “exhalation” cycling. “Inhalation” could be boosted by bees at the inner curtain layers, which stretch their extremities against the comb enlarging the inner nest lumen and thus causing a pressure fall which drives ambient air inwards through CNR funnels. The relaxing of the formerly “activated” bees could then trigger the “exhalation” process, which brings the bee curtain, passively by gravity, close to the comb again. That way, warm, CO2-enriched nest-borne air is pressed outwards through the leaking mesh of the bee curtain. This ventilation hypothesis is supported by IR imaging and laser vibrometry depicting CNRs in at least four aspects as low-resistance convection funnels for maintaining thermoregulation and restoring fresh air in the nest. PMID:27487188
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Study on pollution control in residential kitchen based on the push-pull ventilation system
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Zhou, Bin; Chen, Feng; Dong, Zhibo
2016-01-01
Highlights •The push-pull ventilation system is proposed to improve IAQ inside kitchen, where air is supplied through slot air curtain and then exhausted through range hood. •CO2 reduction efficiency with application of air curtain in experiment and simulation in breathing zone was 23.7% and 23.......1%, respectively. •By orthogonal method, the influence of factors on pollution control of the push-pull ventilation system was presented....
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Kastberger, Gerald; Waddoup, Dominique; Weihmann, Frank; Hoetzl, Thomas
2016-01-01
The Asian giant honeybees (Apis dorsata) build single-comb nests in the open, which makes this species particularly susceptible to environmental strains. Long-term infrared (IR) records documented cool nest regions (CNR) at the bee curtain (nCNR = 207, nnests > 20) distinguished by marked negative gradients (ΔTCNR/d 0) displaying the Venturi effect, which evidences funnel properties of CNRs. The air flows inwards through CNRs, which is verified by the negative spatial gradient ΔTCNR/d, by the positive grading of TCNR with Tamb and lastly by fanners which have directed their abdomens towards CNRs. Rare cases of RAT +0.4 cm2/s) displaying "inhalation" and "exhalation" cycling. "Inhalation" could be boosted by bees at the inner curtain layers, which stretch their extremities against the comb enlarging the inner nest lumen and thus causing a pressure fall which drives ambient air inwards through CNR funnels. The relaxing of the formerly "activated" bees could then trigger the "exhalation" process, which brings the bee curtain, passively by gravity, close to the comb again. That way, warm, CO2-enriched nest-borne air is pressed outwards through the leaking mesh of the bee curtain. This ventilation hypothesis is supported by IR imaging and laser vibrometry depicting CNRs in at least four aspects as low-resistance convection funnels for maintaining thermoregulation and restoring fresh air in the nest.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gerald Kastberger
Full Text Available The Asian giant honeybees (Apis dorsata build single-comb nests in the open, which makes this species particularly susceptible to environmental strains. Long-term infrared (IR records documented cool nest regions (CNR at the bee curtain (nCNR = 207, nnests > 20 distinguished by marked negative gradients (ΔTCNR/d 0 displaying the Venturi effect, which evidences funnel properties of CNRs. The air flows inwards through CNRs, which is verified by the negative spatial gradient ΔTCNR/d, by the positive grading of TCNR with Tamb and lastly by fanners which have directed their abdomens towards CNRs. Rare cases of RAT +0.4 cm2/s displaying "inhalation" and "exhalation" cycling. "Inhalation" could be boosted by bees at the inner curtain layers, which stretch their extremities against the comb enlarging the inner nest lumen and thus causing a pressure fall which drives ambient air inwards through CNR funnels. The relaxing of the formerly "activated" bees could then trigger the "exhalation" process, which brings the bee curtain, passively by gravity, close to the comb again. That way, warm, CO2-enriched nest-borne air is pressed outwards through the leaking mesh of the bee curtain. This ventilation hypothesis is supported by IR imaging and laser vibrometry depicting CNRs in at least four aspects as low-resistance convection funnels for maintaining thermoregulation and restoring fresh air in the nest.
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Cornelia POP; Cristina BALINT; Maria-Andrada GEORGESCU; Ioan Alin NISTOR
2016-01-01
The present paper continues the studies of Pop et al. (2014) and Pop et al. (2015) and completes the previous studies by presenting a brief survey of RASDAQ’s entire active life, the profile of RASDAQ indices, and focusing on the last 911 RASDAQ listed companies: their profile and their decision to be transferred on other market segments or to be delisted. The results of the present study confirms, from another viewpoint, the findings of Pop et al. (2014) and Pop et al. (2015):...
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Axisymmetric annular curtain stability
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ahmed, Zahir U; Khayat, Roger E; Maissa, Philippe; Mathis, Christian
2012-01-01
A temporal stability analysis was carried out to investigate the stability of an axially moving viscous annular liquid jet subject to axisymmetric disturbances in surrounding co-flowing viscous gas media. We investigated in this study the effects of inertia, surface tension, the gas-to-liquid density ratio, the inner-to-outer radius ratio and the gas-to-liquid viscosity ratio on the stability of the jet. With an increase in inertia, the growth rate of the unstable disturbances is found to increase. The dominant (or most unstable) wavenumber decreases with increasing Reynolds number for larger values of the gas-to-liquid viscosity ratio. However, an opposite tendency for the most unstable wavenumber is predicted for small viscosity ratio in the same inertia range. The surrounding gas density, in the presence of viscosity, always reduces the growth rate, hence stabilizing the flow. There exists a critical value of the density ratio above which the flow becomes stable for very small viscosity ratio, whereas for large viscosity ratio, no stable flow appears in the same range of the density ratio. The curvature has a significant destabilizing effect on the thin annular jet, whereas for a relatively thick jet, the maximum growth rate decreases as the inner radius increases, irrespective of the surrounding gas viscosity. The degree of instability increases with Weber number for a relatively large viscosity ratio. In contrast, for small viscosity ratio, the growth rate exhibits a dramatic dependence on the surface tension. There is a small Weber number range, which depends on the viscosity ratio, where the flow is stable. The viscosity ratio always stabilizes the flow. However, the dominant wavenumber increases with increasing viscosity ratio. The range of unstable wavenumbers is affected only by the curvature effect. (paper)
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
This collection, based upon contributions to the "Copenhagen Cold War Conference 2007", provides a detailed analysis of important aspects of the European détente process between East and West, as it is reflected in the most recent archival based research. It suggests that this process was far mor...
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Hiding in plain sight: Recognition and resistance in recent queer artists’ moving image
Guy, Laura
2016-01-01
In lieu of an abstract, here is the first paragraph of this article: Pauline Boudry and Renate Lorenz’s film Opaque (2014) opens with a monologue that establishes its speaker as a member of an unspecified underground faction. Concealed by a black curtain that hangs from a frame erected in the bluish depths of a disused swimming pool, at first all that we see of this fugitive is a vague outline. When the curtain is eventually pulled back, tugged slowly by a disembodied arm, it reveals another ...
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Dust-control for thick-seam wall mines.
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Belle, BK
2002-02-01
Full Text Available configuration and the belt curtains on the shearer. 3. Install, and evaluate the efficiency of, the physical shield curtains (conveyor belt or other flexible material) hanging from the shield structure inside the shield leg area at every 4th shield to reduce... and 1997, coal production hovered around the 50 million tonnes-a-year level (UK DTI, 2001). Currently, there are 16 producing underground mines in the UK, which includes 15 longwall faces, face lengths range from 250 m to 300 m (Creedy, 2001). Most...
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Does the source migration pathway of HBCDs to household dust influence their bio-accessibility?
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
García-Alcega, Sonia [Soil Research Centre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH (United Kingdom); Rauert, Cassie; Harrad, Stuart [School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT (United Kingdom); Collins, Chris D., E-mail: c.d.collins@reading.ac.uk [Soil Research Centre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH (United Kingdom)
2016-11-01
A study was conducted to assess the human bioaccessibility of dust contaminated with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) via two migration pathways a) volatilisation with subsequent partitioning to dust particles, and b) abrasion of treated textile fibres directly to the dust. This was achieved using previously developed experimental chamber designs to generate dust samples contaminated with HBCDs emitted from a HBCD treated textile curtain. The generated dust samples were exposed to an in vitro colon extended physiologically based extraction test (CE-PBET). The bioaccessibility of the HBCDs which were incorporated within dust as a result of volatilisation from the curtain material with subsequent partitioning to dust was higher than in dusts contaminated with HBCDs via abrasion of the curtain (35% and 15% respectively). We propose this occurs due to a stronger binding of HBCDs to treated fabric fibres than that experienced following volatilisation and sorption of HBCDs to dust particles. - Highlights: • Migration pathways via which HBCDs enter dust influences its bioaccessibility. • HBCDs more bioaccessible when incorporated to dust via volatilisation. • Contamination of dusts is more variable via abrasion than volatilisation.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kadoya, M.; Moteki, M.; Tatsumi, T.; Enokida, D.; Miyagi, H.; Maruoka, T. [Okumura Corp., Osaka (Japan)
1997-07-31
The ventilation system for removing odor and dust was studied for the waste stock yard and working yard of a segregated waste stock facility of 17,280m{sup 3} in air volume. The developed ventilation system includes the air curtain and wind shield plate between the waste stock yard and working yard. Air curtain flow is formed by jet stream from nozzles installed at certain constant intervals. This system was developed through air flow analysis, model experiment, and field measurement. The air flow analysis pointed out that reverse flow derived from a part of air flow contaminates the working yard, however, this system can exclude such reverse flow and reduce CO2 concentration to 1/80. The model experiment result showed that this system can reduce CO2 concentration to 1/18. The field measurement confirmed the air curtain effect by smoke visualization. In the measurement of dummy dust concentration generated for 15min, this system was possible to reduce the concentration to 1/7. 4 refs., 18 figs., 6 tabs.
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Simultaneous density-field visualization and PIV of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
Prestridge, Katherine; Rightley, Paul; Benjamin, Robert; Kurnit, Norman; Boxx, Isaac; Vorobieff, Peter
1999-11-01
We describe a highly-detailed experimental characterization of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. A vertical curtain of heavy gas (SF_6) flows into the test section of an air-filled, horizontal shock tube, and the instability evolves after the passage of a Mach 1.2 shock past the curtain. The evolution of the curtain is visualized by seeding the SF6 with small (d ≈ 0.5 μm) glycol/water droplets using a modified theatrical fog generator. Because the event lasts only 1 ms and the initial conditions vary from test to test, rapid and high-resolution (both spatial and temporal) data acquisition is required in order to characterize the initial and dynamic conditions for each experimental event. A customized, frequency-doubled, burst mode Nd:YAG laser and a commercial single-pulse laser are used for the implementation of simultaneous density-field imaging and PIV diagnostics. We have provided data about flow scaling and mixing through image analysis, and PIV data gives us further quantitative physical insight into the evolution of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability.
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Does the source migration pathway of HBCDs to household dust influence their bio-accessibility?
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
García-Alcega, Sonia; Rauert, Cassie; Harrad, Stuart; Collins, Chris D.
2016-01-01
A study was conducted to assess the human bioaccessibility of dust contaminated with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) via two migration pathways a) volatilisation with subsequent partitioning to dust particles, and b) abrasion of treated textile fibres directly to the dust. This was achieved using previously developed experimental chamber designs to generate dust samples contaminated with HBCDs emitted from a HBCD treated textile curtain. The generated dust samples were exposed to an in vitro colon extended physiologically based extraction test (CE-PBET). The bioaccessibility of the HBCDs which were incorporated within dust as a result of volatilisation from the curtain material with subsequent partitioning to dust was higher than in dusts contaminated with HBCDs via abrasion of the curtain (35% and 15% respectively). We propose this occurs due to a stronger binding of HBCDs to treated fabric fibres than that experienced following volatilisation and sorption of HBCDs to dust particles. - Highlights: • Migration pathways via which HBCDs enter dust influences its bioaccessibility. • HBCDs more bioaccessible when incorporated to dust via volatilisation. • Contamination of dusts is more variable via abrasion than volatilisation.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
1986-08-01
This is a NEDO annual report for 1985. A feasibility study was carried out from the viewpoints demanded both from the building material side and the solar cell. Evaluation from the technical, institutional, and economical viewpoints indicated the possibility of using a roof material solid with carbon-fiber-reinforced concrete and a curtain wall. The solar cell module was verified as a building material to be resistant against the external force, water, and heat. A problem left is how to enlarge the module. Integrated use of CFRC (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete) and a cell of maximum size (1,240 x 700 mm), which is industrially available, can be expected. Present solar cell array can be utilized as a building material as it is for a curtain wall. Cost calculation of the CFRC solid roofing material indicates 276 yen/KWH for 15 years depreciation, 10 % residual value, and 8% annual interest, which is a little expensive, but this cost may be applicable to the use as a curtain wall.
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Jiang, Xiao-Han; Wang, Si-Bo; Tian, Qian; Zhong, Chi; Zhang, Guan-Ling; Li, Ya-Jie; Lin, Pan; You, Yong; Guo, Rong; Cui, Ying-Hua; Xing, Ying-Qi
2018-02-14
Migraine is considered as a risk factor for subclinical brain ischemic lesions, and right-to-left shunt (RLS) is more common among migraineurs. This cross-sectional study assessed the association of RLS with the increased prevalence of subclinical ischemic brain lesions in migraineurs. We enrolled 334 migraineurs from a multicentre study from June 2015 to August 2016. Participants were all evaluated using contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and completed a questionnaire covering demographics, the main risk factors of vascular disease, and migraine status. RLS was classified into four grades (Grade 0 = Negative; Grade I = 1 ≤ microbubbles (MBs) ≤ 10; Grade II = MBs > 10 and no curtain; Grade III = curtain). Silent brain ischemic infarctions (SBI) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were evaluated on MRI. We found no significant differences between migraineurs with RLS and migraineurs without RLS in subclinical ischemic brain lesions.SBI and WMHs did not increase with the size of the RLS(p for trend for SBI = 0.066, p for trend for WMHs = 0.543). Furthermore, curtain RLS in migraineurs was a risk factor for the presence of SBI (p = 0.032, OR = 3.47; 95%CI: 1.12-10.76). There was no association between RLS and the presence of WMHs. Overall, RLS is not associated with increased SBI or WMHs in migraineurs. However, when RLS is present as a curtain pattern, it is likely to be a risk factor for SBIs in migraineurs. No. NCT02425696 ; registered on April 21, 2015.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Eder, H. [Deptartment of Radiation Protection (Germany); Seidenbusch, M.C.; Treitl, M. [Muenchen Univ. Clinical Center (Germany). Inst. for Clinical Radiology; Gilligan, P. [Mater Private Hospital, Dublin (Ireland). Medical Physics
2015-10-15
Today's standard radiation protection during coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions is the combined use of lead acrylic shields and table-mounted lower body protection. Ambient dose measurements, however, have shown that these protection devices need improvement. Using an anthropomorphic physical phantom, various scenarios were investigated with respect to personnel exposure: (a) enlarging the shield (b) adding a flexible protective curtain to the bottom side of the shield, and (c) application of radioprotective patient drapes. For visualization of the dose reduction effect, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The flexible curtain in contact with the patient's body reduces the ambient dose rate at the operator's position by up to (87.5 % ± 7.1) compared to the situation with the bare shield. The use of both the flexible curtain and the patient drape reduces the ambient dose rate by up to (90.8 % ± 7). Similar results were achieved for the assisting personnel when they were positioned next to the operator. In addition, the enlarged shield provides better protection of the head region of tall operators. Adding a flexible protective curtain to the bottom side of the shield can protect operators from high doses, especially for body parts which are not protected by lead aprons, e.g. head, and eye lenses. This may be important with respect to lower dose limits for eye lenses in future. The protective effect in real-life working conditions is still being evaluated in an ongoing clinical study.
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Inertisation of sealed coal mine panels using microbial organisms.
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Creedy, DP
2000-02-01
Full Text Available for methane removal 5 3.1 Techniques for applying the microbes 6 3.1.1 Coated roadway surfaces 6 3.1.2 Bio-filters 6 3.1.3 Passive bio-curtain filters 7 3.2 Process sustainability 8 3.3 Treatment configuration 8 3.3.1 Whole area treatment 8 3....3.2 Selected area treatment 8 3.3 Remote gas monitoring 8 4 A practical technology for South African coal mines 9 4.1 The preferred approach 9 4.2 Selection of micro-organisms for immobilisation 9 4.3 Development of the bio-curtain technology 9 4...
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Parachute diverts ventilation fast
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chironis, N.P.
1990-02-01
The USBM Pittsburgh Research Center is developing a simple, inexpensive and highly effective new technique for keeping smoke and toxic gases out of intake escapeways during mine fires. The technique involves the use of a special parachute which fixes onto a roof bolt plate or strap, and is automatically inflated by incoming air. The chute thus becomes a quick-erect check curtain which leaks much less than conventional curtains. The air pressure in the intake quickly climbs, making it unlikely that any smoke from an adjacent entry would be able to migrate into the intake. 2 figs.
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Using HIPPO Data for Formal and Informal Science Education
Rockwell, A.; Hatheway, B.; Zondlo, M. A.
2012-12-01
The HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) field project recently concluded its mission to map greenhouse gases and black carbon from the Arctic to the Antarctic using the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V. HIPPO resulted in visually-rich and easy-to-understand altitude/latitude curtain plots of several trace gases and black carbon, from five seasons during 2009-2011. The data and curtain plots are available for both formal and informal science education to support the instruction of atmospheric science and Earth systems. Middle and high school activities have been developed using these data and curtain plots, and an undergraduate course based on HIPPO data - Global Air Pollution - is offered at Princeton University. The visually stimulating curtain plots are unique in that a wide range of people can comprehend them because they provide an easy-to-understand picture of the global distribution of chemical species for non-scientists or beginning users, while also displaying valuable detailed information for the advanced viewer. The plots are a powerful graphical tool that can be used to communicate climate science because they illustrate the concepts of how trace gas distributions are linked to the large-scale dynamics of the Earth; show seasonal changes in distribution and concentrations; and use the same display format for each tracer. In order to connect people to the data, a multi-faceted and engaging public information program and supporting educational materials for HIPPO were developed. These provided a unique look into global field research and included social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter; a range of videos from simple motion graphics to detailed narratives; both printed and online written materials; and mass-media publications.
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Simulations of Shock Wave Interaction with a Particle Cloud
Koneru, Rahul; Rollin, Bertrand; Ouellet, Frederick; Annamalai, Subramanian; Balachandar, S.'Bala'
2016-11-01
Simulations of a shock wave interacting with a cloud of particles are performed in an attempt to understand similar phenomena observed in dispersal of solid particles under such extreme environment as an explosion. We conduct numerical experiments in which a particle curtain fills only 87% of the shock tube from bottom to top. As such, the particle curtain upon interaction with the shock wave is expected to experience Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) and Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instabilities. In this study, the initial volume fraction profile matches with that of Sandia Multiphase Shock Tube experiments, and the shock Mach number is limited to M =1.66. In these simulations we use a Eulerian-Lagrangian approach along with state-of-the-art point-particle force and heat transfer models. Measurements of particle dispersion are made at different initial volume fractions of the particle cloud. A detailed analysis of the evolution of the particle curtain with respect to the initial conditions is presented. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Advanced Simulation and Computing Program, as a Cooperative Agreement under the Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program, Contract No. DE-NA0002378.
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[Patient-related color preference and color design in the hospital].
Schuschke, G; Christiansen, H
1994-06-01
Colour-physiological studies involving volunteers and colour-psychological interviewing of patients with varied diagnoses revealed that, currently, no compelling scientific reasons can be given for coloration in the hospital. Interviewing 68 patients from a number of clinics on the coloration of sick-rooms yielded the following preferred colours, irrespective of the patients' classing into groups by various criteria: Light colours were consistently preferred for all objects such as ceiling, walls, floor, curtains, furniture, and bed linen. It should be emphasized that even white was a desirable colour for ceilings and bed linen. Beige was found to rank first for walls, floors, curtains, and furniture, whereas the colours of wood and grey shared the second rank for floors and furniture. Green and pink ranked second for bed linen. White and green ranked second for walls and curtains, respectively. In view of the heterogeneity, the findings may not be converted into an absolute just as the recommendations by other workers. Still, the patients' wish should be given priority over decreed recommendations by experts when basic considerations of illumination (reflectance!) are allowed for in the particular overall colour design project.
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Bacteriological evaluation of a down-draught necropsy table ventilation system.
al-Wali, W; Kibbler, C C; McLaughlin, J E
1993-08-01
To evaluate the microbiological efficacy of a down-draught necropsy table ventilation system (which surrounds the cadaver with a "curtain" of air under continuous extraction) during post mortem procedures. Air sampling was carried out both in the presence and absence of staff and cadaver and during a full post mortem procedure, with functioning and non-functioning table air extraction. The penetration of the air "curtain" was also examined during the use of an oscillating bone saw by means of a tracer organism, Bacillus subtilis var niger, painted on to the skull. There was little difference between bacterial counts obtained in the presence of staff only, staff plus cadaver, or during a post mortem examination. With all counts obtained, however, there was a two to three-fold reduction when the ventilation was in operation compared with when the extract duct was occluded. Using the tracer organism, a two to three log reduction in counts was shown when the "curtain" was in operation during the use of the oscillating bone saw. These results suggest that the system provides potential protection for post mortem room staff against airborne infections.
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Plunder behind the bamboo curtain
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Denniston, D.
1993-01-01
Significant environmental degradation has occurred in Tibet as China has stripped forests and minerals from the ground. Uranium, borax, lithium, copper, iron, chromite are all being exploited. High pasture is being overgrazed because fertile valleys are being inhabited by workers. Shortages of timber and paper pulp in China have meant cutting of dense stands of spruce, fir, larch, oak maple, and pine. Ground and surface waters are contaminated from mining, severe erosion is increasing from deforestation, overgrazing and mining on the high plateau. Importation of large numbers of Chinese workers has further threatened the Tibetian culture
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Eberle, Jonathan; Brenner, Thomas; Mitze, Timo Friedel
2017-01-01
This paper investigates the mutual impact channels of Germany’s major regional policy instrument (GRW) on regional economic development. Different from earlier studies which have predominately focused on a partial assessment of output effects, we explicitly endogenize the factor inputs of the und......This paper investigates the mutual impact channels of Germany’s major regional policy instrument (GRW) on regional economic development. Different from earlier studies which have predominately focused on a partial assessment of output effects, we explicitly endogenize the factor inputs...... of the underlying production function. This allows us to comprehensively assess the role of the GRW in driving per capita output, employment, human and physical capital intensities as well as the region’s technology level. The results from a spatial panel vector autoregressive model show that GRW funding has...
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Overcoming the legal Iron curtain
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mayoral, Juan A.
2013-01-01
This chapter analyses the determinants that lead national courts across EU countriesto use the preliminary reference procedure, paying special attention to the differences andsimilarities in the use of this mechanism of judicial cooperation between the old and thenew Member States incorporated in...
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Weiyi, Xie; Pengcheng
2018-03-01
The deep foundation pit supporting technology in the soft soil area of the Pearl River Delta is more complicated, and many factors influence and restrict it. In this project as an example, according to the geological conditions and the surrounding circumstances, the main foundation using bored piles and pre-stressed anchor cable supporting structure + five axis cement mixing pile curtain supporting form; partial use of double row piles supporting structure + five axis cement mixing pile curtain support type. Through the monitoring results of construction show that the foundation pit, the indicators of environmental changes are in the design range, the supporting scheme of deep foundation pit technology is feasible and reliable.
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Preconceptual design for the electrostatic enclosure
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Meyer, L.C.
1992-09-01
This report presents a preconceptual design (design criteria and assumptions) for electrostatic enclosures to be used during buried transuranic waste recovery operations. These electrostatic enclosures (along with the application of dust control products) will provide an in-depth contamination control strategy. As part of this preconceptual design, options for electrostatic curtain design are given including both hardwall and fabric enclosures. Ventilation systems, doors, air locks, electrostatic curtains, and supporting systems also are discussed. In addition to the conceptual design, engineering scale tests are proposed to be run at the Test Reactor Area. The planned engineering scale tests will give final material specifications for full-scale retrieval demonstrations
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Kirjanduslikest kontaktidest läbi raudse eesriide / Literary contacts through the iron curtain
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marin Laak
2016-09-01
1968, paperback poetry books by young authors issued in Estonia; there was a need among young exile writers to respond to their contemporaries in the homeland. This revealing fact verifies that regardless of shadow of the iron curtain, good relationships existed between the two literary and artistic worlds, despite the absence of official relationships, and that from the literary historiographical perspective there are grounds for treating Estonian literature as a single process.
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The fluid dynamics of the chocolate fountain
Townsend, Adam K.; Wilson, Helen J.
2016-01-01
We consider the fluid dynamics of the chocolate fountain. Molten chocolate is a mildly shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. Dividing the flow into three main domains—the pumped flow up the centre, the film flow over each dome, and the freely falling curtain flow between the domes—we generate a wide-ranging study of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid mechanics. The central pumped flow is a benchmark to elucidate the effects of shear-thinning. The dome flow can be modelled as a thin-film flow with the leading-order effects being a simple balance of gravity and viscosity. Finally, the curtain flow is analytically intractable but is related to the existing theory of water bells (both inviscid and viscous). In pipe flow, Newtonian fluids exhibit a parabolic velocity profile; shear-thinning makes the profile more blunted. In thin-film flow over the dome, gravitational and viscous effects balance and the dome shape is not important beyond the local slope. We find that the chocolate thins and slows down as it travels down the dome. Finally, in the curtain flow, we predict the shape of the falling sheet for an inviscid fluid, and compare this with the literature to predict the shape for a viscous fluid, having shown that viscous forces are too great to ignore. We also find that the primary effect driving the shape of the curtain (which falls inwards towards the axis of the fountain) is surface tension. We find that the three domains provide excellent introductions to non-Newtonian mechanics, the important mathematical technique of scaling, and how to manipulate existing data to make our own predictions. We also find that the topic generates interest among the public in our engagement work.
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The fluid dynamics of the chocolate fountain
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Townsend, Adam K; Wilson, Helen J
2016-01-01
We consider the fluid dynamics of the chocolate fountain. Molten chocolate is a mildly shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. Dividing the flow into three main domains—the pumped flow up the centre, the film flow over each dome, and the freely falling curtain flow between the domes—we generate a wide-ranging study of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid mechanics. The central pumped flow is a benchmark to elucidate the effects of shear-thinning. The dome flow can be modelled as a thin-film flow with the leading-order effects being a simple balance of gravity and viscosity. Finally, the curtain flow is analytically intractable but is related to the existing theory of water bells (both inviscid and viscous). In pipe flow, Newtonian fluids exhibit a parabolic velocity profile; shear-thinning makes the profile more blunted. In thin-film flow over the dome, gravitational and viscous effects balance and the dome shape is not important beyond the local slope. We find that the chocolate thins and slows down as it travels down the dome. Finally, in the curtain flow, we predict the shape of the falling sheet for an inviscid fluid, and compare this with the literature to predict the shape for a viscous fluid, having shown that viscous forces are too great to ignore. We also find that the primary effect driving the shape of the curtain (which falls inwards towards the axis of the fountain) is surface tension. We find that the three domains provide excellent introductions to non-Newtonian mechanics, the important mathematical technique of scaling, and how to manipulate existing data to make our own predictions. We also find that the topic generates interest among the public in our engagement work. (paper)
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Guo, Qiaona; Huang, Jiangwei
2018-02-01
In this paper, the finite element software FEFLOW is used to simulate the seepage field of the interlayer staggered zone C2 in the basalt of Jinsha River Basin. The influence of the interlayer staggered zone C2 on the building is analyzed. Combined with the waterproof effect of current design scheme of anti-seepage curtain, the seepage field in the interlayer staggered zone C2 is discussed under different design schemes. The optimal design scheme of anti-seepage curtain is put forward. The results showed that the case four can effectively reduce the head and hydraulic gradient of underground powerhouse area, and improve the groundwater seepage field in the plant area.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shirato, Katsuyuki.
1995-01-01
An air curtain is formed in the inside of an off gas exhaustion pipe, and off gases are ventilated therein in a state being isolated from the inner walls of the exhaustion pipe. In this case, a steam blowing port is disposed to the end portion of a suction side of an inner pipe to which the air curtain is formed, and a steam blowing means is disposed while being connected to the steam blowing port for sending steams. With such a constitution, since steams are condensed to extremely reduce the volume thereof, the amount of off gases to be processed in an off gas processing step at downstream can be reduced. (T.M.)
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The implementation of intelligent home controller
Li, Biqing; Li, Zhao
2018-04-01
This paper mainly talks about the working way of smart home terminal controller and the design of hardware and software. Controlling the lights and by simulating the lamp and the test of the curtain, destroy the light of lamp ON-OFF and the curtain's UP-DOWN by simulating the lamp and the test of the cuetain. Through the sensor collects the ambient information and sends to the network, such as light, temperature and humidity. Besides, it can realise the control of intelligent home control by PCS. Terminal controller of intelligent home which is based on ZiBee technology has into the intelligent home system, it provides people with convenient, safe and intelligent household experience.
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Dafny, Elad; Tawfeeq, Kochar Jamal; Ghabraie, Kazem
2015-10-01
Dam sites provide an outstanding opportunity to explore dynamic changes in the groundwater flow regime because of the high hydraulic gradient rapidly induced in their surroundings. This paper investigates the temporal changes of the hydraulic conductivities of the rocks and engineered structures via a thorough analysis of hydrological data collected at the Dokam Dam, Iraq, and a numerical model that simulates the Darcian component of the seepage. Analysis of the data indicates increased seepage with time and suggests that the hydraulic conductivity of the rocks increased as the conductivity of the grout curtain decreased. Conductivity changes on the order of 10-8 m/s, in a 20-yr period were quantified using the numerical analysis. It is postulated that the changes in hydraulic properties in the vicinity of Dokan Dam are due to suspension of fine materials, interbedded in small fissures in the rocks, and re-settlement of these materials along the curtain. Consequently, the importance of the grout curtain to minimize the downstream seepage, not only as a result of the conductivity contrast with the rocks, but also as a barrier to suspended clay sediments, is demonstrated. The numerical analysis also helped us to estimate the proportion of the disconnected karstic conduit flow to the overall flow.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yoshida, T.; Iwai, T.; Ouchi, T.; Ito, T.; Nagai, T.; Shu, I. [Kajima Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Arai, T. [Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K., Tokyo (Japan); Ishikawa, N.; Tazawa, K.
1997-12-20
Reported in this article are PV (photovoltaic) modules now under development for integration into building walls. First of all, the power generating capability of PV modules and appropriate use of the generated power are studied, and the performance (resistance to fire or incombustibility, strength and durability, appearance and design, and dimensional standardization) that such outer wall materials are to be equipped with are determined. Next, module development, installation technique, computer graphics-aided facade designing, and real size module-using proof test are studied before installability, the power to be generated, and designs are finalized. In the development of modules, design evaluation involves the combining of various kinds of glass, solar cells, back sheets, and fillers, and the importance is confirmed of the prevention of insulation degradation around the modules. As for the methods of installation, the gasket method and aluminum sash method, etc., are tested. In the study of facade design, it is found that various expressions are possible by properly choosing gasket colors, module types, and kinds of glass to cover the openings. 1 ref., 6 figs., 3 tabs.
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Valme, Valner, 1970-
2005-01-01
Uutest heliplaatidest Eminem "Curtain Call", "Serena Maneesh", Ozzy Osbourne "Under Cover", Stevie Wonder "A Time To Love", Coryell-Bailey-White "Electric", Simple Minds "Black & White", Steve Reich "You Are"
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2013-08-20
... frames, solar panels, curtain walls, or furniture. Such parts that otherwise meet the definition of... and backing material, and solar panels. The scope also excludes finished goods containing aluminum...
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2011-12-27
... frames, solar panels, curtain walls, or furniture. Such parts that otherwise meet the definition of..., and solar panels. The scope also excludes finished goods containing aluminum extrusions that are...
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2013-11-07
... frames, solar panels, curtain walls, or furniture. Such parts that otherwise meet the definition of..., and solar panels. The scope also excludes finished goods containing aluminum extrusions that are...
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2012-07-05
... frames, door frames, solar panels, curtain walls, or furniture. Such parts that otherwise meet the..., and solar panels. The scope also excludes finished goods containing aluminum extrusions that are...
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Pichen, Andre
2006-01-01
Uutest heliplaatidest Volbeat "The Strength, The Sound, The Songs", Soulwax "Nite Versions", Praful "Pyramid In Your Backyard", Eminem "Curtain Call", "Bossa 'n'' Stones", Mr Oizo "Moustache", Westlife "Face To Face"
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76 FR 30653 - Aluminum Extrusions From the People's Republic of China: Countervailing Duty Order
2011-05-26
..., including, but not limited to, window frames, door frames, solar panels, curtain walls, or furniture. Such... glass pane and backing material, and solar panels. The scope also excludes finished goods containing...
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2010-04-01
..., Hughes, Jefferson, Johnson, Latimer, LeFlore, Love, Mayes, McCurtain, McClain, McIntosh, Murray, Muskogee... enrollment. (3) All names known, and current and former addresses of the Indian child's biological mother...
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Grouting of karstic arch dam foundation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Young, J.; Rigbey, S. [Acres International, Niagara Falls, ON (Canada)
2002-07-01
A 200 m high arch dam and a 2000 MW underground power house complex is under development in the Middle East. The project is located in a highly seismic area in rugged, mountainous terrain. The arch dam is constructed on good quality limestone and dolomitic limestone rock mass, but it contains several zones of disturbed or sheared rock. The basement rock is slightly karstic with hydraulic conductivities in the order of 100 Lugeons. In order to get a satisfactory foundation surface for the dam, it will be necessary to excavate extensively and backfill with concrete. Because of the presence of many clay infilled cavities and fractures, geotechnicians are considering the installation of a multiple row grout curtain to a depth of 150 m below the dam foundation to ensure adequate seepage and uplift parameters when the reservoir is impounded. Initial grouting water pressure test results suggested that the grouting and drainage curtain should be extended to the left abutment beyond the current design. However, when horizontal slide models of the dam abutment were developed using the finite element program SEEPW, it was shown that there is no benefit to extending the length of grout curtains unless they are tied to an area of much lower hydraulic conductivity much deeper in the abutment. 1 tab., 5 figs.
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Control of blast overpressure and vibrations at the Underground Research Laboratory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kuzyk, G.W.; Onagi, D.P.; Mohanty, B.
1991-01-01
AECL Research (AECL) has constructed an Underground Research Laboratory (URL) as a facility for research and development in the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program. The objectives of the program are to develop and evaluate the technology to ensure safe, permanent disposal of Canada's nuclear fuel waste. Several multidisciplinary experiments and engineering demonstrations are planned for the URL over the next ten years. In 1989, AECL excavated a test room for the Buffer/Container Experiment at the 240 Level. The blasts were designed to limit vibration and overpressure damage because the excavation was located close to existing furnishings and services that were very susceptible to blast-induced vibration and overpressure. An experimental room, which contained sensitive instrumentation, was located within 30 m of the initial blasts. A concrete floor slab, timber curtains and a bulkhead were installed to protect furnishings and services from fly-rock and overpressure. Five of the initial blasts were monitored. This paper describes the results of the monitoring program and the effectiveness of the blast design, floor slab and timber curtains and bulkhead in reducing blast overpressure and vibrations at the blast site. It is shown that greater than a 20-fold reduction in both blast vibrations and air overpressures can be achieved with specific combinations of blast design, installation of timber curtains and construction of a concrete floor slab
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U.S.-Turkish Relations: The Road to Improving a Troubled Strategic Partnership
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Gillis, Patrick
2004-01-01
Since the fall of the Iron Curtain the strong bilateral relationship that the United States and Turkey enjoyed during the Cold War, which was based on security against the Soviet threat, has changed...
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2012-09-06
..., including, but not limited to, window frames, door frames, solar panels, curtain walls, or furniture. Such... glass or vinyl, picture frames with glass pane and backing material, and solar panels. The scope also...
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Misguided Intentions: U.S. Policy in World War II and Chinese Intervention in Korea
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Schlesinger, Sande
1996-01-01
... it: China had gone Red, and like the Soviet Union in Europe, would naturally oppress its Asian neighbors into Communism, dropping its own iron curtain" and opposing the "running dogs" of Western imperialism...
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Countdown to Curtain: A Marketing Timetable.
Neiman, Marcus; Thoms, Paul E.
1992-01-01
Discusses methods of raising public awareness of school music performances. Argues that communication is the key to assuring public support. Presents a long-range plan for promoting events. Describes detailed procedures to follow both before and after the performance. Suggestions that effective promotion will benefit the school, the program, and…
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Lifting the curtain in Eastern Europe
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rodgers, L.M.
1991-01-01
This article discusses the opportunities for engineering and technical services and investment in Eastern Bloc nations. Topics include political stability, capital and currency, economies, municipal waste processing plants, power generation equipment, nuclear and fossil power, technology, environmental protection, and construction and operation practices
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Homeland Security Behind the Redwood Curtain
2007-09-01
the kind you can burn songs onto using your home computer. “I know that it’s illegal to copy music and all that but I want you to have this CD. I...expects from his government, responds with the words of Jack Johnson on track eight of the album , In Between Dreams (2005): It’s such a tired game
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Picture Books Peek behind Cultural Curtains.
Marantz, Sylvia; Marantz, Kenneth
2000-01-01
Discusses culture in picture books in three general categories: legends and histories; current life in particular areas; and the immigrant experience. Considers the translation of visual images, discusses authentic interpretations, and presents an annotated bibliography of picture books showing cultural diversity including African, Asian, Mexican,…
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Chemical warfare protection for the cockpit of future aircraft
Pickl, William C.
1988-01-01
Currently systems are being developed which will filter chemical and biological contaminants from crew station air. In order to maximize the benefits of these systems, a method of keeping the cockpit contaminant free during pilot ingress and egress is needed. One solution is to use a rectangular plastic curtain to seal the four edges of the canopy frame to the canopy sill. The curtain is stored in a tray which is recessed into the canopy sill and unfolds in accordion fashion as the canopy is raised. A two way zipper developed by Calspan could be used as an airlock between the pilot's oversuit and the cockpit. This system eliminates the pilot's need for heavy and restrictive CB gear because he would never be exposed to the chemical warfare environment.
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Search Results | Page 58 | IDRC - International Development ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
Results 571 - 580 of 588 ... Home; Food, Environment, and Health .... It is difficult to assess the degree of enforcement of tobacco laws. ... curtains and water container covers for dengue vector control in Colombia : a cluster randomised trial.
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Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
was adopted for use in automotive tyres and many other purposes. .... curtains, garden hose, rigid clear bottle, swimming pool liner. Polystyrene. Ph ... energy. The resultant cumene radical 2 is stabilised by resonance and steric obstruction by ...
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Histological and electron microscopic study of the postulated ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
kemrilib
protective effect of green tea against DEHP Liver toxicity in the mice on histological and ultra structural level. Results ... toys, shower curtains, adhesives, coatings [1]. We .... graded series of cold ethanol and propylene oxide then embedded in ...
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Underwater noise reduction of marine pile driving using a double pile.
2015-12-01
Impact pile driving of steel piles in marine environments produces extremely high sound levels in the water. : It has been shown that current pile driving noise attenuation techniques, such as bubble curtains and : cofferdams, provide limited noise r...
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Novel approaches to study climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems in the field
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Beier, C.; Emmett, B.; Gundersen, P.
2004-01-01
mimicked the way climate change, caused by increased cloudiness and increased greenhouse gas emissions, alters the heat balance of ecosystems. Drought conditions were created by automatically covering the vegetation with transparent curtains during rain events over a 2-5-month period. The experimental...... that the approach minimizes unintended artifacts with respect to water balance, moisture conditions, and light, while causing a small but significant reduction in wind speed by the curtains. Temperature measurements demonstrated that the edge effects associated with the treatments were small. Our method provides...... approach has been evaluated at four European sites across a climate gradient. All sites were dominated (more than 50%) by shrubs of the ericaceous family. Within each site, replicated 4-m X 5-m plots were established for control, warming, and drought treatments and the effect on climate variables recorded...
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Deposition of fine and ultrafine particles on indoor surface materials
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Afshari, Alireza; Reinhold, Claus
2008-01-01
-scale test chamber. Experiments took place in a 32 m3 chamber with walls and ceiling made of glass. Prior to each experiment the chamber was flushed with outdoor air to reach an initial particle concentration typical of indoor air in buildings with natural ventilation. The decay of particle concentrations...... The aim of this study was the experimental determination of particle deposition for both different particle size fractions and different indoor surface materials. The selected surface materials were glass, gypsum board, carpet, and curtain. These materials were tested vertically in a full...... was monitored. Seven particle size fractions were studied. These comprised ultrafine and fine particles. Deposition was higher on carpet and curtain than on glass and gypsum board. Particles ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 µm had the lowest deposition. This fraction also has the highest penetration and its indoor...
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Social Ties for Labor Market Access
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Dorner, Matthias; Harhoff, Dietmar; Hinz, Tina
such ties. However, mobility decisions made by inventors with outstanding patenting track records (star inventors) were not impacted by social ties. We conclude that social ties support labor market access for migrant inventors and determine regional choices while dependence on these ties is substantially......We study the impact of social ties on the migration of inventors from East to West Germany, using the fall of the Iron Curtain and German reunification as a natural experiment. We identify East German inventors via their patenting track records prior to 1990 and their social security records...... in the German labor market after reunification. Modeling inventor migration to West German regions after 1990, we find that Western regions with stronger historically determined social ties across the former East-West border attracted more inventors after the fall of the Iron Curtain than regions without...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Thayla Morandi Ridolfi de Carvalho
2012-01-01
Full Text Available The objective of this research was to evaluate different minimum ventilation systems, in relation to air quality and thermal comfort using geostatistics in brooding phase. The minimum ventilation systems were: Blue House I: exhaust fans + curtain management (end of the building; Blue House II: exhaust fans + side curtain management; and Dark House: exhaust fans + flag. The climate variables evaluated were: dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, carbon dioxide and ammonia concentration, during winter time, at 9 a.m., in 80 equidistant points in brooding area. Data were evaluated by geostatistic technique. The results indicate that Wider broiler houses (above 15.0 m width present the greatest ammonia and humidity concentration. Blue House II present the best results in relation to air quality. However, none of the studied broiler houses present an ideal thermal comfort.
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2006-01-01
Laseringi kauplustes müügilolevatest heliplaatidest: J.M.K.E. "Mälestusi Eesti NSV-st", Ladytron "Withing Hour", The Darkness "One Way Ticket To Hell", Popidiot "1111", Eminem "Curtain Call - The Hits", Deep Purple "Rapture Of The Deep"
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Edificio para Cristalería Española
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
de la Joya, R.
1964-03-01
Full Text Available In the course of a series of lectures on the subject of curtain walls, held at the Higher Technical College of Architecture, in Madrid, the author described his own experience whilst constructing a building (designed by him and by Mr. Manuel Barbero for the firm Cristalería Española, at San Andrés del Palomar, Barcelona. Mr. De la Joya summarised the advantages that foreign experts attribute to curtain walls. These advantages are: less weight of the materials of the enclosing walls; maximum use of the available building surface; cheaper foundations; better building time control; superior quality and accuracy; and greater maintenance facility. The lecturer then explained why, and in what aspects, he was in disagreement with the above supposed advantages. He dealt with these as follows: 1. In terms of present day construction, with concrete blocks and lightweight flooring structures, it is not easy to save much weight, owing to the number of special fittings that are necessary to support and keep the curtain wall in place.—2. Although in theory a. curtain wall may be only 4 or 5 cm thick, the truth is that unless heating or air conditioning is provided on a much larger scale, a special internal protection layer is necessary.—3. It is difficult to reduce the cost of the foundations by fitting curtain walls, and any calculated saving in cost in this aspect is more theoretical than real.—4. Building time estimates usually fail to work out in practice, and in addition to this, workmanship quality is not yet very satisfactory.—5. Curtain walls require periodic overhauls, so that they do not age too rapidly, and in this sense they are no better than traditional walls. The lecturer also made a number of additional points, one of them being that he did not advise the use of curtain walls in Spain (because of the cheapness of brickwalls, the climate, the high cost of air conditioning, etc. He also emphasized how important it is to make a very
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Wijnhoven SWP; Kooi MW; te Biesebeek JD; SIR; vgc
2010-01-01
Textile products in indoor environment contain a variety of chemicals. Well-known examples are flame retardants, phthalates, formaldehyde and dimethylfumarate. Consumers are potentially exposed to these chemicals since a lot of textile products are present in indoor environment (clothing, curtains,
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Záchranný archeologický výzkum na raně středověkém hradišti v Šárce
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Nechvátal, Bořivoj; Novák, J.; Zavřel, J.
2012-01-01
Roč. 37, č. 2 (2012), s. 401-418 ISSN 0231-5823 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80020508 Keywords : early medieval fortified settlement * rampart * ditch * outer bailey * stone curtain * subsoil * old Czech legends Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology
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The radiation protective devices for interventional procedures using computed tomography
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Iida, Hiroji; Chabatake, Mitsuhiro; Shimizu, Mitsuru; Tamura, Sakio
2002-01-01
A scattered dose and a surface dose from phantom measurements during interventional procedures with computed tomography (IVR-CT) were evaluated. To reduce the personnel exposure in IVR-CT, the new protective devices were developed and its effect evaluated. Two radiation protection devices were experimentally made using a lead vinyl sheet with lead equivalent 0.125 mmPb. The first device is a lead curtain which shields the space of CT-gantry and phantom for the CT examination. The second device is a lead drape which shields on the phantom surface adjacent to the scanning plane for the CT-fluoroscopy. Scattered dose and phantom surface dose were measured with an abdominal phantom during Cine-CT (130 kV, 150 mA, 5 seconds, 10 mm section thickness). They were measured by using ionization chamber dosimeter. They were measured with and without a lead curtain and a lead drape. Scattered dose rate was measured at distance of 50-150 cm from the scanning plane. And, surface dose was measured at distance of 4-21 cm from the scanning plane on the phantom. On operator's standing position, scattered dose rates were from 8.4 to 11.6 μGy/sec at CT examination. The lead curtain and the lead drape reduced scattered dose rate at distance of 50 cm from the scanning plane by 66% and 58.3% respectively. Surface dose rate were 118 μGy/sec at distance of 5 cm from the scanning plane at CT-fluoroscopy. The lead drape reduced the surface dose by 60.5%. High scattered exposure to personnel may occur during interventional procedures using CT. They were considerably reduced during CT-arteriography by attaching the lead curtain in CT equipment. And they were substantially reduced during CT-fluoroscopy by placing the lead drape adjacent to the scanning plane, in addition, operator's hand would be protected from unnecessary radiation scattered by phantom. It was suggested that the scattered exposure to personnel could be sufficiently reduced by using radiation protection devices in IVR-CT. The
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Felling-system and regeneration of pine forests on ecological-genetic-geographical basis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. N. Sannikov
2015-12-01
Full Text Available A conception of the adaptation of Scots pine populations to the natural regeneration on open sites with the mosaic retained stand and mineralized soil surface on the basis of the ecological-genetic-geographical investigations in the forests of the Russia and the theory of petropsammofitness-pyrofitness (Sannikov S. N., 1983 has been substantiated. The methods of clear cuts with the seeding from surrounding forest, seed curtains and sufficiently extent of the substrate preparation for the pine selfsown have been selected and elaborated as a main organization principle of the system «felling-regeneration» in the plains pine forests of the forest zone. High regeneration efficiency of this system with the application of original aggregate for the optimal mineralization of the soil substrate (with its synchronous loosing has been shown on the example of dominating pine forest types in the subzone for-forest-steppe of the Western Siberia. The silvicultural-ecological and reproductive-genetic advantages of retaining seed curtains instead of separate seed trees have been substantiated. The basic parameters of the system «felling-regeneration», which guarantee a sufficient success of the following pine regeneration in the for-forest-steppe subzone, have been determined with the help of the methods of the mathematical imitation modeling of the pine selfsown density depending on the area and localization of seed curtains, surrounding forest and the extent of the substrate mineralization. The zonal differentiated system of the fellings and measures for the regeneration optimization in the climatically substituting pine forest types in the Western Siberia has been elaborated according to the parameters, studied earlier, on the ecological-genetic-geographical basis. The principles of this system in forest zone come to the clear strip-fellings with insemination of cuts from the seed curtains and forest walls, and to the hollow-fellings with the
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Toledo, Maria Eugenia; Vanlerberghe, Veerle; Rosales, Julio Popa; Mirabal, Mayelin; Cabrera, Pedro; Fonseca, Viviana; Gómez Padrón, Tania; Pérez Menzies, Mirtha; Montada, Domingo; Van der Stuyft, Patrick
2017-11-01
Aedes control interventions are considered the cornerstone of dengue control programmes, but there is scarce evidence on their effect on disease. We set-up a cluster randomized controlled trial in Santiago de Cuba to evaluate the entomological and epidemiological effectiveness of periodical intra- and peri-domiciliary residual insecticide (deltamethrin) treatment (RIT) and long lasting insecticide treated curtains (ITC). Sixty three clusters (around 250 households each) were randomly allocated to two intervention (RIT and ITC) and one control arm. Routine Aedes control activities (entomological surveillance, source reduction, selective adulticiding, health education) were applied in the whole study area. The outcome measures were clinical dengue case incidence and immature Aedes infestation. Effectiveness of tools was evaluated using a generalized linear regression model with a negative binomial link function. Despite significant reduction in Aedes indices (Rate Ratio (RR) 0.54 (95%CI 0.32-0.89) in the first month after RIT, the effect faded out over time and dengue incidence was not reduced. Overall, in this setting there was no protective effect of RIT or ITC over routine in the 17months intervention period, with for house index RR of 1.16 (95%CI 0.96-1.40) and 1.25 (95%CI 1.03-1.50) and for dengue incidence RR of 1.43 (95%CI 1.08-1.90) and 0.96 (95%CI 0.72-1.28) respectively. The monthly dengue incidence rate (IR) at cluster level was best explained by epidemic periods (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 5.50 (95%CI 4.14-7.31)), the IR in bordering houseblocks (IRR 1.03 (95%CI 1.02-1.04)) and the IR pre-intervention (IRR 1.02 (95%CI 1.00-1.04)). Adding RIT to an intensive routine Aedes control programme has a transient effect on the already moderate low entomological infestation levels, while ITC did not have any effect. For both interventions, we didn't evidence impact on disease incidence. Further studies are needed to evaluate impact in settings with high Aedes
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Quantification of methane behaviour in continuous miner headings using a controlled environment.
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Van Zyl, FJ
2000-06-01
Full Text Available The aim of this project was to determine the methane control and dilution ability of the retrofitted hood and half-curtain ventilation systems. The two systems were tested in the full-scale ventilation test gallery at CSIR Miningtek’s Kloppersbos...
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77 FR 40541 - Safety Zone; Water Main Crossing; Choctawhatchee Bay; Santa Rosa Beach, FL
2012-07-10
... required use of turbidity silt curtains pose significant safety hazards to both vessels and mariners... to the marine community will be made through Local Notice to Mariners and Broadcast Notice to... Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Security measures...
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
无
2010-01-01
China tops the medal tally again at the Asian Games but still faces challenges in some events The curtain of the 16th Asian Games has fallen, but the 15 days of exciting competitions will be recorded in the history of the Games.
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Beier, J.C.; Emmett, B.; Gundersen, P.; Tietema, A.; Peñuelas, J.; Estiarte, M.; Gordon, C.; Gorissen, A.; Llorens, L.; Roda, F.; Williams, D.G.
2004-01-01
This article describes new approaches for manipulation of temperature and water input in the field. Nighttime warming was created by reflection of infrared radiation. Automatically operated reflective curtains covered the vegetation at night to reduce heat loss to the atmosphere. This approach
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IMMUNE SYSTEM OF FREQUENTLY ILL CHILDREN: DOES IT NEED CORRECTION?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Within the XVIII Congress of Pediatricians of Russia (February 17-19, 2017 dediced to the 90th anniversary of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia, a symposium "Infections - up to a curtain!" related to the prevention of influenza was held.
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African Journals Online (AJOL)
10865
2013-10-30
Oct 30, 2013 ... DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.2940. ISSN 1684-5315 ©2013 Academic Journals .... were covered with a light fine-porous cloth (curtain fabric), mimicking a ... 1000 spectrophotometer (software ND-1000 V3.5.1; USA). The. DNA purity ...
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Flammability on textile of flight crew professional clothing
Silva-Santos, M. C.; Oliveira, M. S.; Giacomin, A. M.; Laktim, M. C.; Baruque-Ramos, J.
2017-10-01
The issue about flammability of textile materials employed in passenger cabins of commercial aircrafts is an important part of safety routines planning. Once an in-flight emergency initiated with fire or smoke aboard, time becomes critical and the entire crew must be involved in the solution. It is part of the crew functions, notably the attendants, the in-flight firefighting. This study compares the values of textile material of flight attendant working cloths and galley curtain fabric with regard to flammability and Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). Values to the professional clothing material indicate that they are flammable and the curtains, self-extinguishing. Thus, despite of the occurrences of fire outbreaks in aircrafts are unexceptional, the use of other materials and technologies for uniforms, such as alternative textile fibers and flame retardant finishes should be considered as well as the establishment of performance limits regarding flame and fire exposing.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Murthy, Swathi; Pranov, Henrik; Pedersen, Henrik Chresten
2016-01-01
This paper investigates a novel, very high throughput, roll-to-roll (R2R) process for nanostructuring of polymer foils, called R2R extrusion coating. It has the potential to accelerate the integration of nanostructured materials in consumer products for a variety of applications, including optical....../height of 100 nm. The best replication was achieved in polypropylene, by running at high roller line-speed of 60 m/min, and high cooling roller temperature of 70°C. Replication in other common polymers like polyethylene and polystyrene was not possible for the parameter range used for the investigation......., technical, and functional surfaces and devices. In roll-to-roll extrusion coating, a molten polymer film is extruded through a flat die forming a melt curtain, and then laminated onto a carrier foil. The lamination occurs as the melt curtain is pressed between a cooling roller and a counter roller...
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Use of electric and bubble barriers to limit the movement of Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)
Dawson, Heather A.; Reinhardt, Ulrich G.; Savino, Jacqueline F.
2006-01-01
Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) is an aquatic invasive species accidentally introduced via ballast water to the Great Lakes in the mid-1980s. Fish barrier technology is being studied to stop the spread of invasive fish species such as ruffe. Electrical barriers have been constructed, most notably in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, to prevent non-indigenous species such as ruffe from spreading into areas where they are currently absent. Information on the response of an invasive fish to barriers can help managers determine strategies to prevent the spread of these species via artificial waterways. In this laboratory study electrical barriers were set up to determine effectiveness of four electrical settings for repelling Eurasian ruffe measuring 10 cm or more in length. In separate tests, airbubble curtains with two bubble sizes and densities were created to test this type of barrier in blocking movement of ruffe less than 10 cm in length. The most effective electrical settings found (5 ms, 6 Hz) repelled only about half of the attempted passes. When ruffe were offered food or shelter on the opposite side of the electrical barrier, neither food-starved nor shelter-deprived ruffe made significantly more attempts to cross the barrier. Ruffe were significantly repelled by all air-bubble curtains, but a large proportion of passes (4.5 passes per fish on average in the treatments) were still observed. Electrical barrier settings and air-bubble curtains used in this study were found ineffective at completely blocking the movement, but somewhat effective at inhibiting the passage of ruffe.
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Out from behind the contraceptive Iron Curtain.
Jacobson, J L
1990-01-01
In the early 1950s, the Soviet Union and several of its Eastern European satellites completed their transition from high to low fertility before the US and Western Europe. They did this even though there were not enough modern contraceptives available to meet the needs of its citizens. As late as 1990, the Soviet Union had no factories manufacturing modern contraceptives. A gynecologist in Poland described domestically produced oral contraceptives (OCs) as being good for horses, but not for humans. The Romanian government under Ceaucescu banned all contraceptives and safe abortion services. Therefore, women relied on abortion as their principal means of birth control, even in Catholic Poland. The legal abortion rates in the Soviet Union and Romania stood at 100/1000 (1985) and 91/1000 (1987) as compared to 18/1000 in Denmark and 13/1000 in France. All too often these abortion were prohibited and occurred under unsafe conditions giving rise to complications and death. Further, the lack of contraceptives in the region precipitated and increase in AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. On the other hand, abortion rates were minimalized in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Hungary due to the availability of modern contraceptives and reproductive health services. Hungary and East Germany even manufactured OCs. OC use in these 2 nations rated as among the world's highest. East Germany also treated infertility and sexually transmitted diseases. The region experienced a political opening in latecomer 1989. In 1989, IPPF gave approximately 15 million condoms and 3000 monthly OC packets to the Soviet Union to ease the transition. More international assistance for contraceptive supplies and equipment and training to modernize abortion practices is necessary.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hucht, K.A. van der; Willis, A.J.
1982-01-01
High resolution (Δlambda approximately equal to 0.1 A) IUE spectra have been obtained of the two WC9 stars HD 164270 and HD 136488, covering the wavelength range lambdalambda1150-2050. The former star shows P Cygni profiles indicating a stellar wind terminal velocity of Vsub(infinity) approximately equal to 1400 km s -1 , and the latter Vsub(infinity) approximately equal to -1800 km s -1 . A common feature in the spectra of both stars is narrow displaced absorptions due to Fe III (UV34) transitions arising from a metastable lower level. These features are displaced at sub-terminal velocities (-830 km s -1 for HD 164270 and -1030 km s -1 for Hd 136488) and are believed to be formed in the deceleration region of their stellar winds. The properties of these inferred Fe III circumstellar shells derived from these data are discussed. (Auth.)
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77 FR 56772 - Safety Zone; Water Main Crossing; Choctawhatchee Bay; Santa Rosa Beach, FL
2012-09-14
... turbidity silt curtains pose significant safety hazards to both vessels and mariners operating in or near... restrictions; and (3) the impacts on routine navigation are expected to be minimal. Notifications to the marine... Part 165 Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Security...
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Janssen, E.G.O.N.; Hammink, H.A.J.; Hendriksen, L.J.A.M.
2015-01-01
Excessive humidity is a problem in Dutch growing circumstances. A traditional solution is heating and natural ventilation. To save energy a number of energy efficient dehumidification methods are developed, like mechanical ventilation with dry outside air or a curtain of cold water droplets. In this
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Process for contamination containment of a workplace by means of an air jet
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Meline, F.
1984-01-01
Containment of pollution in an area, for example the room where nuclear fuel elements are cut, is obtained by an air curtain directed by a second air jet to improve the containment of pollutants. Contamined air is extracted by a cyclone and filtered [fr
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Lutte chimique contre les acariens de la poussière de maison
Saint Georges Gridelet, de D.M.O.G.; Kniest, F.M.; Schober, G.; Penaud, A.; Bronswijk, van J.E.M.H.
1988-01-01
Chemical control is one of the possibilities for home sanitation for house-dust allergic patients. The causative mites may be found in mattress, padded furniture, curtains, carpets or on walls. Eight different control formulations are available in Europe : Acardust (aerosol), Acarosan (foam and wet
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New system for bathing bedridden patients
Greenleaf, J. E.; Staley, R. A.; Payne, P. A.
1973-01-01
Multihead shower facility can be used with minimal patient handling. Waterproof curtain allows patient to bathe with his head out of shower. He can move completely inside shower to wash his face and hair. Main advantage of shower system is time saved in giving bath.
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2011-06-20
... Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product... spraying operation and exhaust them to a water curtain, or a cartridge, fabric, or HEPA filter... from the thermal spraying operation and exhaust them to a cartridge, fabric, or HEPA filter...
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Etnologie studené války v České republice: témata, přístupy, metody
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Woitsch, Jiří
33 /75/, č. 2 (2016), s. 5-30 ISSN 1211-8117 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-03754S Institutional support: RVO:68378076 Keywords : Cold War * Iron Curtain * borders * theory and methodology * landscape * memory * folklore * heritage * history of ethnology Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology
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Sierra, Josu
This discussion briefly surveys the development of the immersion method of second language teaching, outlining the central program strategies and characteristics using Curtain's and Pesola's descriptions. An overview of recent research focuses on error correction and feedback studies as an example of pedagogical-methodological evolution in this…
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2013-08-29
..., address, etc.) voluntarily submitted may be publicly accessible. Do not submit confidential business... that a petition need not establish a strong likelihood or a high probability that the petitioned [[Page... involving the creation of bubble structures to trap and corral fish; bubble nets, clouds and curtains are...
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Phillips-Howard, Penelope A.; Nahlen, Bernard L.; Alaii, Jane A.; ter Kuile, Feiko O.; Gimnig, John E.; Terlouw, Dianne J.; Kachur, S. Patrick; Hightower, Allen W.; Lal, Altaf A.; Schoute, Erik; Oloo, Aggrey J.; Hawley, William A.
2003-01-01
Randomized controlled trials in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that permethrin-treated bed nets and curtains reduce all-cause child mortality by 15-33% in areas with low or high but seasonal malaria transmission. This report describes the study site for a community-based, group-randomized, controlled
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2011-09-19
... Fixture Fitting and Trim Manufacturing; Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; 332999, All... thermal spraying operation and exhaust them to a water curtain, or a cartridge, fabric, or HEPA filter... from the thermal spraying operation and exhaust them to a cartridge, fabric, or HEPA filter...
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Not interesting enough to be followed by the NSA: An analysis of Dutch privacy attitudes
A.E. Mols (Anouk); M.S.S.E. Janssen (Susanne)
2017-01-01
textabstractOpen curtains and a careless attitude. The Dutch are described as holding an indifferent stance towards privacy in the aftermath of Snowden’s revelations of far-reaching government surveillance. But are Dutch reactions as aloof as often claimed? This study provides an in-depth overview
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Noise-proof bubbles to protect sea life
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Deboutte, G.
2012-01-01
The construction of wind turbines in shallow sea might jeopardize the life of mammals living nearby. The wave sound generated by each hammer impact to drive the pillars deep in the sea bottom can reach up to 200 decibels at 750 m away from the construction site. Repeated noises at this sound level is thought to be damaging for audition systems of sea mammals. The German authorities have launched a 4-year long program to find efficient technical solutions to damp sound waves. Various techniques have been tested in the Baltic sea and it appears that most techniques are efficient but some seem more relevant like the bubble curtain in which air bubbles generated around the site disturb the propagation of sound waves, or the balloon curtain in which air balloons plays the role of the bubbles, or the network of vertical pipes set around the construction site, or the sound-proofed sheath set around the pillar and hammer. (A.C.)
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Divided dreamworlds? The cultural cold war in East and West
Romijn, P.; Scott-Smith, G.; Segal, J.
2012-01-01
While the divide between capitalism and communism, embodied in the image of the Iron Curtain, seemed to be as wide and definitive as any cultural rift, Giles Scott-Smith, Joes Segal, and Peter Romijn have compiled a selection of essays on how culture contributed to the blurring of ideological
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Human Factors Evaluation of a Heliborne Electronic Warfare System (AN/ ALQ-151, Quick Fix)
1978-08-01
clean off smudges and fingerprints and this, too, causes a problem when light reflects off the display surface. Consequently...hanging a piece of canvas between the OF operator’s rack and the counter- measures operator’s rack* Installation of a black curtain on a rod in
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Metingen aan speciale akoestische maatregelen in een concertzaal
Houtsma, A.J.M.; Martin, H.J.; Hak, C.C.J.M.; van Donselaar, C.J.
1997-01-01
In a recently constructed concert hall (14400 m3, 1250 seats), problems were encountered initially with solo piano performances. Music critics judged the piano sound as 'weak' and 'swimming in space'. As a remedy, an acoustic reflector to enhance direct sound, in combination with a curtain to reduce
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rhee, B.-W.; Jeong, C.J.; Choi, J.H.; Yoo, S.-Y.
2002-01-01
In CANDU reactor one of the two reactor shutdown systems is the liquid poison injection system which injects the highly pressurized liquid neutron poison into the moderator tank via small holes on the nozzle pipes. To ensure the safe shutdown of a reactor it is necessary for the poison curtains generated by jets provide quick, and enough negative reactivity to the reactor during the early stage of the accident. In order to produce the neutron cross section necessary to perform this work, the poison concentration distribution during the transient is necessary. In this study, a set of models for analyzing the transient poison concentration induced by this high pressure poison injection jet activated upon the reactor trip in a CANDU-6 reactor moderator tank has been developed and used to generate the poison concentration distribution of the poison curtains induced by the high pressure jets injected into the vacant region between the calandria tube banks. The poison injection rate through the jet holes drilled on the nozzle pipes is obtained by a 1-D transient hydrodynamic code called, ALITRIG, and this injection rate is used to provide the inlet boundary condition to a 3-D CFD model of the moderator tank based on CFX4.3, an AEA Technology CFD code, to simulate the formation and growth of the poison jet curtain inside the moderator tank. For validation, the current model is validated against a poison injection experiment performed at BARC, India and another poison jet experiment for Generic CANDU-6 performed at AECL, Canada. In conclusion this set of models is considered to predict the experimental results in a physically reasonable and consistent manner. (author)
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The differences between soil grouting with cement slurry and cement-water glass slurry
Zhu, Mingting; Sui, Haitong; Yang, Honglu
2018-01-01
Cement slurry and cement-water glass slurry are the most widely applied for soil grouting reinforcement project. The viscosity change of cement slurry is negligible during grouting period and presumed to be time-independent while the viscosity of cement-water glass slurry increases with time quickly and is presumed to be time-dependent. Due to the significantly rheology differences between them, the grouting quality and the increasing characteristics of grouting parameters may be different, such as grouting pressure, grouting surrounding rock pressure, i.e., the change of surrounding rock pressure deduced by grouting pressure. Those are main factors for grouting design. In this paper, a large-scale 3D grouting simulation device was developed to simulate the surrounding curtain grouting for a tunnel. Two series of surrounding curtain grouting experiments under different geo-stress of 100 kPa, 150 kPa and 200 kPa were performed. The overload test on tunnel was performed to evaluate grouting effect of all surrounding curtain grouting experiments. In the present results, before 240 seconds, the grouting pressure increases slowly for both slurries; after 240 seconds the increase rate of grouting pressure for cement-water glass slurry increases quickly while that for cement slurry remains roughly constant. The increasing trend of grouting pressure for cement-water glass is similar to its viscosity. The setting time of cement-water glass slurry obtained from laboratory test is less than that in practical grouting where grout slurry solidifies in soil. The grouting effect of cement-water glass slurry is better than that of cement slurry and the grouting quality decreases with initial pressure.
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Next generation structural silicone glazing
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Charles D. Clift
2015-06-01
Full Text Available This paper presents an advanced engineering evaluation, using nonlinear analysis of hyper elastic material that provides significant improvement to structural silicone glazing (SSG design in high performance curtain wall systems. Very high cladding wind pressures required in hurricane zones often result in bulky SSG profile dimensions. Architectural desire for aesthetically slender curtain wall framing sight-lines in combination with a desire to reduce aluminium usage led to optimization of silicone material geometry for better stress distribution.To accomplish accurate simulation of predicted behaviour under structural load, robust stress-strain curves of the silicone material are essential. The silicone manufacturer provided physical property testing via a specialized laboratory protocol. A series of rigorous curve fit techniques were then made to closely model test data in the finite element computer analysis that accounts for nonlinear strain of hyper elastic silicone.Comparison of this advanced design technique to traditional SSG design highlights differences in stress distribution contours in the silicone material. Simplified structural engineering per the traditional SSG design method does not provide accurate forecasting of material and stress optimization as shown in the advanced design.Full-scale specimens subject to structural load testing were performed to verify the design capacity, not only for high wind pressure values, but also for debris impact per ASTM E1886 and ASTM E1996. Also, construction of the test specimens allowed development of SSG installation techniques necessitated by the unique geometry of the silicone profile. Finally, correlation of physical test results with theoretical simulations is made, so evaluation of design confidence is possible. This design technique will introduce significant engineering advancement to the curtain wall industry.
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Evaluating optical hazards from plasma arc cutting.
Glassford, Eric; Burr, Gregory
2018-01-01
The Health Hazard Evaluation Program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated a steel building materials manufacturer. The employer requested the evaluation because of concerns about optical radiation hazards from a plasma arc cutting system and the need to clarify eye protection requirements for plasma operators, other employees, and visitors. The strength of the ultraviolet radiation, visible radiation (light), and infrared radiation generated by the plasma arc cutter was measured at various distances from the source and at different operating amperages. Investigators also observed employees performing the plasma arc cutting. Optical radiation above safe levels for the unprotected eyes in the ultraviolet-C, ultraviolet-B, and visible light ranges were found during plasma arc cutting. In contrast, infrared and ultraviolet-A radiation levels during plasma arc cutting were similar to background levels. The highest non-ionizing radiation exposures occurred when no welding curtains were used. A plasma arc welding curtain in place did not eliminate optical radiation hazards to the plasma arc operator or to nearby employees. In most instances, the measured intensities for visible light, UV-C, and UV-B resulted in welding shade lens numbers that were lower than those stipulated in the OSHA Filter Lenses for Protection Against Radiant Energy table in 29 CFR 1910.133(a)(5). [1] Investigators recommended using a welding curtain that enclosed the plasma arc, posting optical radiation warning signs in the plasma arc cutter area, installing audible or visual warning cues when the plasma arc cutter was operating, and using welding shades that covered the plasma arc cutter operator's face to protect skin from ultraviolet radiation hazards.
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Specifications for Supplementary Classroom Units, Stressed Skin Panel.
Waring, Robert B.; And Others
Complete outline specifications are given for the construction of supplementary classroom units using stressed skin panels. Sections included are--(1) concrete and related work, (2) masonry, (3) structural and miscellaneous metal, (4) curtain walls and metal windows, (5) carpentry and related work, (6) roofing, sheet metal, and related work, (7)…
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De Troon van Potamon: reizigers en wetenschappers canoniseren de Levant
Blom, F.R.E.
2010-01-01
With the fall of Constantinople and the rise of Ottoman power in the Levant an Iron Curtain was lowered, effectively cutting off European contact with the antiquities in Athens, Greece, and Asia Minor. For a long period of time, representations in word or image were mainly based on sources from
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
1990-01-01
The videotape analyzes containment and control systems that are used to obtain hydraulic control and discusses selection of preferred control measures that are based on site-specific criteria and general performance information. Advantages and disadvantages of slurry walls, subsurface drains, well systems, sheet pilings, and grout curtains are also covered
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A class apart: symbolic capital, consumption and identity among the ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Two broad aspects of the cultural lives of wealthy alcohol traders are addressed. Firstly, the article discusses their consumption patterns and the use of material culture in showcasing their wealth such as choice of address, the use of slaves and carriages, and the display of jewellery, paintings and curtains. Secondly ...
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Are Central European countries’ financial institutions embedded?
Jong, E. de; Hooijdonk, C.J.J. van
2010-01-01
The fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 was one of the causes of an increased interest in the relation between economics and culture. An important idea of this literature is that social and economic systems will function properly if they are embedded in a corresponding value system. Although some
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Used Solvent Testing and Reclamation. Volume 2. Vapor Degreasing and Precision Cleaning Solvents
1988-12-01
relative intensity as the ordinate. This plot is referred to as a "mass spectrum." The mass spectrum of a compound can be considered its " fingerprint ...several designs, including roll-type plastic covers, canvas curtains, and guillotine covers. Automatic covers are designed to open for the time it takes
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Light touch contact improves pain-evoked postural instability during quiet standing
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hirata, Rogerio P.; Christensen, Steffan W.; Agger, Simone
2018-01-01
for 40 seconds with their eyes closed. Their postural stability was quantified by the area and velocity of center of pressure (CoP) displacement. The CoP was recorded with and without pain during two different conditions: 1) no touch and 2) the subjects were asked to lightly touch a curtain...
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77 FR 10291 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment
2012-02-21
... Volume and Total Shelf Area of Household Refrigerators and Household Wine Chillers''; and sections 5.1..., some equipment is designed for storing goods such as wine, candy, and flowers at temperatures that are..., No. 19 at p. 145), and offered that night curtains could provide benefits for doored cases. (Zero...
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van Emde Boas, P.; Constable, R.L.; Silva, A.
2012-01-01
Aside from our shared interest in particular areas of Theoretical Computer Science, the experience I share with Dexter Kozen originates from the fact that we both belong to the not too large group of Theoreticiancs who during the late 1970-ies and early 1980-ies frequently crossed the Iron Curtain
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Bloch, Kinga S.
2013-01-01
abstractThis paper analyses how the relationship of the Polish audience to a series from the 1970s, Czterdziestolatek (The Fourty-Year Old) evolved during socialism and after the Fall of the Iron Curtain. Contemporary reactions to the original series and a new season that was produced in the early
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Popular Literature: Its Compatibility with the Basics.
Matthews, Dorothy, Ed.
1983-01-01
This special journal issue contains nine articles on the subject of using popular literature in the classroom. Subjects covered in the articles include (1) using vernacular supernatural literature to teach the skills of literary analysis, (2) teaching Agatha Christie's "Curtain," (3) pairing the classics with detective fiction, (4) using fantasy…
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2004-01-01
Don't miss the Geneva Festival's (Fêtes de Genève) curtain-raising firework display, where CERN is the guest of honour. Inspired by the creation of the Universe, the big bang starts tonight (Friday 30 July) at 10.15 p.m. by the Lake.http://www.cern.ch/cern50/
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Exposing the Mathematical Wizard: Approximating Trigonometric Functions
Gordon, Sheldon P.
2011-01-01
For almost all students, what happens when they push buttons on their calculators is essentially magic, and the techniques used are seemingly pure wizardry. In this article, the author draws back the curtain to expose some of the mathematics behind computational wizardry and introduces some fundamental ideas that are accessible to precalculus…
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A concept discovery approach for fighting human trafficking and forced prostitution
Poelmans, J.; Elzinga, P.; Dedene, G.; Viaene, S.; Kuznetsov, S.O.
2011-01-01
Since the fall of the Iron curtain starting in 1989 in Hungary, millions of Central and Eastern European girls and women have been forced to work in the European sex industry (estimated 175,000 to 200,000 yearly1). In this paper, we present our work with the Amsterdam-Amstelland (Netherlands) police
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40 CFR 63.11511 - What definitions apply to this subpart?
2010-07-01
... detonation gun spraying. Water curtain means a type of control device that draws the exhaust stream through a... emissions points and then convey the captured gas stream to a control device, as part of a complete control..., plenums, and fans. Cartridge filter means a type of control device that uses perforated metal cartridges...
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African Journals Online (AJOL)
User
foreign body from the oral cavity/oropharynx into the nasopharynx is less common. These foreign bodies may be animate or inanimate, metallic or non metallic, organic or non-organic in nature. Some of the items commonly reported in the nasopharynx include the following: metal curtain rail hook, safety pin, coin, toys, bead, ...
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Hof, Barbara
2018-01-01
After the Sputnik shock of 1957, the United States initiated education reform, based in part on the hope that technology could facilitate efficient school learning. This development was largely driven by the confrontation between the eastern and western Blocs: on both sides of the Iron Curtain, reformists promoted educational technology for the…
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40 CFR 60.1440 - What is yard waste?
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is yard waste? 60.1440 Section 60...) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Small Municipal Waste... Reconstruction is Commenced After June 6, 2001 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60...
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77 FR 19148 - Special Conditions: Airbus, A350-900 Series Airplane; Crew Rest Compartments
2012-03-30
... accommodates side-by-side placement of LD-3 containers in the cargo compartment. The basic A350-900 series... total overhead crew rest compartment length, the exit separation should not be less than 50 percent of... by curtains. Flight tests must be conducted to show compliance with this requirement. Each system or...
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Riid, Andri, 1972-
2005-01-01
Heliplaatidest: The Darkness "One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back", Peven Everett "Latest Craze (Part 1)", David Branner "Certified", Eminem "Curtain Call: The Hits", Horricane "The Lynch-Lawyers", Wilco "Kicking Television. Live in Chicago", The Mars Volta "Scab Dates", The Roots "Home Grown! The Beginners Guide To Understanding The Roots Volume 1-2"
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Enceladus' 101 Geysers: Phantoms? Hardly
Porco, C.; Nimmo, F.; DiNino, D.
2015-12-01
The discovery by the Cassini mission of present-day geysering activity capping the southern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus (eg, Porco, C. C. et al. Science 311, 1393, 2006) and sourced within a subsurface body of liquid water (eg, Postberg, F. et al. Nature 459, 1098, 2009; Porco, C.C. et al. AJ 148, 45, 2014, hereafter PEA], laced with organic compounds (eg, Waite, J.H. et al. Science 311, 1419, 2006), has been a significant one, with far-reaching astrobiological implications. In an extensive Cassini imaging survey of the moon's south polar terrain (SPT), PEA identified 101 distinct, narrow jets of small icy particles erupting, with varying strengths, from the four major fractures crossing the SPT. A sufficient spread in stereo angles of the 107 images used in that work allowed (in some cases, many) pair-wise triangulations to be computed; precise surface locations were derived for 98 jets. Recently, it has been claimed (Spitale, J.N. et al. Nature 521, 57, 2015) that the majority of the geysers are not true discrete jets, but are "phantoms" that appear in shallow-angle views of a dense continuous curtain of material with acute bends in it. These authors also concluded that the majority of the eruptive material is not in the form of jets but in the form of fissure-style 'curtain' eruptions. We argue below the contrary, that because almost all the moon's geysers were identified by PEA using multiple images with favorable viewing geometries, the vast majority of them, and likely all, are discrete jets. Specifically, out of 98 jets, no fewer than 90 to 95 were identified with viewing geometries that preclude the appearance of phantoms. How the erupting solids (i.e., icy particles) that are seen in Cassini images are partitioned between jets and inter-jet curtains is still an open question.
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Li, Fei; Qiu, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Jingdong; Liu, Wenchu; Liu, Chaoyang; Zeng, Guangming
2017-07-13
Heavy metal and metalloid (Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, As and Hg) concentrations in groundwater from 19 typical sites throughout a typical brownfield were detected. Mean concentrations of toxic metals in groundwater decreased in the order of Cr > Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb > Hg > As. Concentration of Cr 6+ in groundwater was detected to further study chromium contamination. Cr 6+ and Cd in groundwater were recommended as the priority pollutants because they were generally 1399-fold and 12-foldgreater than permissible limits, respectively. Owing to the fact that a waterproof curtain (WPC) in the brownfield is about to pass the warranty period, a steady two-dimensional water quality model and health risk assessment were applied to simulate and evaluate adverse effects of Cr 6 + and Cd on the water quality of Xiangjiang River and the drinking-water intake of Wangcheng Waterworks. The results indicated that when groundwater in the brownfield leaked with valid curtain prevention, the water quality in Xiangjiang River and drinking-water intake downstream were temporarily unaffected. However, if there was no curtain prevention, groundwater leakage would have adverse impact on water quality of Xiangjiang River. Under the requirements of Class III surface water quality, the pollution belt for Cr 6+ was 7500 m and 200 m for Cd. The non-carcinogenic risk of toxic metals in Xiangjiang River exceeded the threshold in a limited area, but did not threaten Wangcheng Waterworks. By contrast, the carcinogenic risk area for adults was at a transverse distance of 200 m and a longitudinal distance of 18,000 m, which was close to the Wangcheng Waterworks (23,000 m). Therefore, it was essential to reconstruct the WPC in the brownfield for preventing pollution diffusion.
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Qiu, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Jingdong; Liu, Wenchu; Liu, Chaoyang; Zeng, Guangming
2017-01-01
Heavy metal and metalloid (Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, As and Hg) concentrations in groundwater from 19 typical sites throughout a typical brownfield were detected. Mean concentrations of toxic metals in groundwater decreased in the order of Cr > Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb > Hg > As. Concentration of Cr6+ in groundwater was detected to further study chromium contamination. Cr6+ and Cd in groundwater were recommended as the priority pollutants because they were generally 1399-fold and 12-foldgreater than permissible limits, respectively. Owing to the fact that a waterproof curtain (WPC) in the brownfield is about to pass the warranty period, a steady two-dimensional water quality model and health risk assessment were applied to simulate and evaluate adverse effects of Cr6 + and Cd on the water quality of Xiangjiang River and the drinking-water intake of Wangcheng Waterworks. The results indicated that when groundwater in the brownfield leaked with valid curtain prevention, the water quality in Xiangjiang River and drinking-water intake downstream were temporarily unaffected. However, if there was no curtain prevention, groundwater leakage would have adverse impact on water quality of Xiangjiang River. Under the requirements of Class III surface water quality, the pollution belt for Cr6+ was 7500 m and 200 m for Cd. The non-carcinogenic risk of toxic metals in Xiangjiang River exceeded the threshold in a limited area, but did not threaten Wangcheng Waterworks. By contrast, the carcinogenic risk area for adults was at a transverse distance of 200 m and a longitudinal distance of 18,000 m, which was close to the Wangcheng Waterworks (23,000 m). Therefore, it was essential to reconstruct the WPC in the brownfield for preventing pollution diffusion. PMID:28703781
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Demonstration and practical exercises on radiation curing technology
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nik Salleh, Nik Ghazali [Nuclear Energy Unit, Bangi, Selangor (Malaysia)
1994-12-31
The contents are Part I : Demonstration - substrate, coating materials, experimental procedures; Part II: Practical exercises - coating and characterization, the report, testing; procedure to use i. automatic reverse roller coater, ii. flow/curtain coater; description and technical data of IST-UV irradiator (including safety precautions); low energy electron beam accelerator (Cureton) model EBC-200-20-15.
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Demonstration and practical exercises on radiation curing technology
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nik Ghazali Nik Salleh
1993-01-01
The contents are Part I : Demonstration - substrate, coating materials, experimental procedures; Part II: Practical exercises - coating and characterization, the report, testing; procedure to use i. automatic reverse roller coater, ii. flow/curtain coater; description and technical data of IST-UV irradiator (including safety precautions); low energy electron beam accelerator (Cureton) model EBC-200-20-15
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Frost protection for atmospheric cooling tower
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Legrand, G.
1987-01-01
When the atmospheric temperature is near or lower than zero it is necessary to reduce the air flow entering in a cooling tower. A wire netting mounted on the air inlet is sprinkled with cold water. The level of the ice curtain and consequently the air flow is regulated by aspersion by hot water [fr
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Memory and Kindergarten Teachers' Work: Children's Needs before the Needs of the Socialist State
Millei, Zsuzsa
2013-01-01
More than 20 years after the fall of the Iron Curtain, scholars and educators continue to engage with histories under socialism and re-evaluate the consequences of those education systems for everyday lives then and in the present. This article develops an understanding of how kindergarten teachers understand their historical work in the socialist…
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40 CFR 60.1915 - What is yard waste?
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is yard waste? 60.1915 Section 60... Municipal Waste Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1915 What is yard waste? Yard waste is grass, grass...
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40 CFR 62.15370 - What is yard waste?
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is yard waste? 62.15370 Section 62... for Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15370 What is yard waste? Yard waste is grass, grass...
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OPTIMIZATION STUDY OF VISUAL COMFORT AND DAYLIGHT AVAILABILITY AT CADL ITB
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
SIREGAR Mhd. Akbar Anthony
2016-12-01
Full Text Available One way to reduce energy consumption in buildings is to use daylighting. However, daylight can cause visual discomfort in the form of glare. Center of Art, Design, and Language (CADL Institut Teknologi Bandung is a building that has windows on west and east facades, so the probability of glare occurrence is high. In this research, CADL was optimized so that the percentage of time that Daylight Glare Probability below 0.21 (%DGP<0.21 is more than 50% and spatial daylight autonomy with illuminance 150 lux and 50% (sDA150lux,50% is more than 30%. In the optimization, vertical blinds, horizontal blinds, and curtains were added. Vertical blinds and horizontal blinds were varied by changing the blade’s opening angle and area covering the windows, while curtains were varied only by changing the area covering the windows. The results show that %DGP<0.21 can be increased beyond 50%, but in some rooms, sDA150,50% also decrease below 30%. The most frequent optimum solutions are vertical blinds 75%-60o.
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Rock mass joint treated by jet grouting at Diavik A418 dike south abutment
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Baisre, C.A. [SNC-Lavalin, Montreal, PQ (Canada); Hatch Energy, Montreal, PQ (Canada)
2009-07-01
In order to exploit the diamond pipes at the Diavik mines, located in the Northwest Territories, two dikes were built into the Lac de Gras, dikes A154 and A418. However, during the construction of the curtain grouting of the A418 Dike, the pressure grouting technique did not achieve the desired closure of a subhorizontal joint located at variable depth beneath the dike foundation into the granite rock mass at the south abutment. The joint was filled mainly with silt, sand and gravel. This paper reviewed the problems with the pressure grouting treatment methodology, and the final decision of the designers and construction manager to treat the joint by jet grouting. The paper outlined pressure grouting, with particular reference to technical specifications; curtain grouting analysis; and joint grouting investigation. The joint treatment by jet grouting was described and the most important features of the core drilling after jetting were outlined. The permeability of the joint was reduced significantly in the treated area, according to observations made during jetting and in the recovered cores and the permeability tests. 1 tab., 7 figs.
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CERN in the spotlight at the Geneva Festival
2004-01-01
CERN will be the guest of honour at the Geneva Festival, which takes place from 29 July to 8 August. The Organization will be involved in two big events: the curtain-raising firework display and the end-of-festival concert. Come and see the creation of the Universe... acted out by fireworks! CERN, celebrating its 50th anniversary, will raise the curtain on the annual Geneva Festival (Fêtes de Genève) on Friday 30 July at 10.15 p.m. with a pyrotechnical and musical extravaganza. The display will be accompanied by a narration explaining the different stages of creation, written by CERN physicist Rolf Landua. Pyro-musical design is by Catherine Walder, overall firework design by René Gousset and pyrotechnical design by Pierre-Alain Beretta (Pyrostars). For further information see: www.cern.ch/cern50/events/Fireworks/Fireworks-en.html. At the end of the Festival, the CERN choir, itself celebrating its thirtieth year, joins forces with the Annecy choir Pro Musica to give a special performance of Jo...
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[Lifting the curtain on improvisation as a method].
Tortonèse, Michèle; Chalancon, Benoît; Gauthier, Benjamin; Magny, Florian
2014-01-01
On the care stage, all the actors are active. One comes to lay down their suffering, the other has a dutyto consider their pain. The caregiver must play a role in stage managing the patient from the moment he or she remains anchored in reality and in the present moment. Beyond listening to the delusional speech, beyond containment and the effort of establishing communication, the nursing care of delusional patients falls within the sphere of negotiation.
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Neutral networks of genotypes: evolution behind the curtain
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Manrubia, Susanna C.
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Our understanding of the evolutionary process has gone a long way since the publication, 150 years ago, of “On the origin of species” by Charles R. Darwin. The XXth Century witnessed great efforts to embrace replication, mutation, and selection within the framework of a formal theory, able eventually to predict the dynamics and fate of evolving populations. However, a large body of empirical evidence collected over the last decades strongly suggests that some of the assumptions of those classical models necessitate a deep revision. The viability of organisms is not dependent on a unique and optimal genotype. The discovery of huge sets of genotypes (or neutral networks yielding the same phenotype –in the last term the same organism–, reveals that, most likely, very different functional solutions can be found, accessed and fixed in a population through low-cost exploration of the space of genomes. The “evolution behind the curtain’ may be the answer to some of the current puzzles that evolutionary theory faces, like the fast speciation process that is observed in the fossil record after very long stasis periods.
Nuestra compresión de los procesos evolutivos ha progresado mucho desde la publicación, hace 150 años, de “El Origen de las Especies” de Charles R. Darwin. En el siglo XX se han realizado grandes esfuerzos para unificar la replicación, la mutación y la selección en el marco de una teoría formal, capaz de llegar a predecir la dinámica y el destino final de poblaciones en evolución. Sin embargo, la vasta evidencia experimental acumulada a lo largo de las últimas décadas indica, sin lugar a dudas, que algunas de las hipótesis de esos modelos clásicos necesitan una profunda revisión. La viabilidad de los organismos no depende de un único genotipo óptimo. El descubrimiento de enormes conjuntos de genotipos (o redes neutras que dan lugar al mismo fenotipo –en última instancia, al mismo organismo– revela que, con una gran probabilidad, se puede encontrar soluciones funcionales muy diferentes, acceder a ellas y fijarlas en una población, mediante una exploración “a coste cero” del espacio genómico. Esta “evolución en la trastienda” podría ser la respuesta a algunos de los enigmas evolutivos a los que se enfrenta la teoría evolutiva, tales como los rápidos procesos de especiación que se observan en el registro fósil precedidos de largos períodos de estasis. -
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test space. 33.31 Section 33.31 Mineral... § 33.31 Test space. (a) Drilling tests shall be conducted in a test space formed by two curtains suspended across a mine opening in such a manner that the volume of the test space shall be approximately 2...
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Urban Options Solar Greenhouse Demonstration Project. Final report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cipparone, L.
1980-10-15
The following are included: the design process, construction, thermal performance, horticulture, educational activities, and future plans. Included in appendices are: greenhouse blueprints, insulating curtain details, workshop schedules, sample data forms, summary of performance calculations on the Urban Options Solar Greenhouse, data on vegetable production, publications, news articles on th Solar Greenhouse Project, and the financial statement. (MHR)
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Beam-profile monitor using a sodium-vapour
1972-01-01
Beam-profile monitor using a sodium-vapour curtain at 45 degrees to the ISR beam in Ring I (sodium generator is in white cylinder just left of centre). Electrons produced by ionization of the sodium vapour give an image of the beam on a fluorescent screen that is observed by a TV camera (at upper right).
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Green Belt Europe - borders separate, nature unites
Uwe Friedel
2015-01-01
During the period of the Cold War between 1945 and 1989, a "Green Belt" of valuable pristine landscapes developed along the border line between Eastern and Western Europe, the intensively fortified and guarded so called Iron Curtain. Due to the remoteness of the border areas, a high number of national parks and other large conservation areas can be found...
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2015-07-01
Dredge Cut #2) are located immediately below Fort Peck Dam (Figure 4). The Dredge Cuts were formed by the excavation of soil for construction of the... Enviro -USA) consisted of 50, 6 m × 4.1 m deep sections. When sections were connected, a total length of 305 m was achieved. The top of the curtain was
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Defense.gov - Special Report - Fall of the Berlin Wall - 20th Anniversary
barrier followed. On Nov. 9, 1989, after East Germany promised greater freedom of travel, protestors . The Iron Curtain that divided Europe for decades finally fell, ushering in a new era of freedom and John F. KennedyÂs ÂIch bin ein Berliner speech. June 26, 1963 White House Diary video - KennedyÂs
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Adam O. Maggard; Rodney E. Will; Duncan S. Wilson; Cassandra R. Meek
2016-01-01
As part of the regional PINEMAP (Pine Integrated Network: Education, Mitigation, and Adaptation project) funded by the NIFA - USDA, we established a factorial study in McCurtain County, OK near Broken Bow. This study examined the effects of fertilization and ~30 percent reduction in throughfall on an seven-yearold loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. The...
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Using the Lagrangian Method to Track Trajectories of Fog And Mist in the Monterey Bay
2017-12-01
61 viii B. LESSONS LEARNED .............................................................................61 LIST OF...educational task such as this. Thank you for believing in me when I did not. To my children , Angel, Alec Aidan and Avery: thanks for holding down the fort and... movie scenes; from classic horror cinema to epic battle scenes in war movies , no one really knows what lurks beyond the misty veiled curtain, and
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Air bubbles induce a critical continuous stress to prevent marine biofouling accumulation
Belden, Jesse; Menesses, Mark; Dickenson, Natasha; Bird, James
2017-11-01
Significant shear stresses are needed to remove established hard fouling organisms from a ship hull. Given that there is a link between the amount of time that fouling accumulates and the stress required to remove it, it is not surprising that more frequent grooming requires less shear stress. One approach to mitigate marine biofouling is to continuously introduce a curtain of air bubbles under a submerged surface; it is believed that this aeration exploits the small stresses induced by rising bubbles to continuously prevent accumulation. Although curtains of rising bubbles have successfully prevented biofouling accumulation, it is unclear if a single stream of bubbles could maintain a clean surface. In this talk, we show that single bubble stream aeration can prevent biofouling accumulation in regions for which the average wall stress exceeds approximately 0.01 Pa. This value is arrived at by comparing observations of biofouling growth and prevention from field studies with laboratory measurements that probe the associated flow fields. We also relate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the flow to the size and frequency of the rising bubbles, which informs the basic operating conditions required for aeration to continuously prevent biofouling accumulation.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Okano, T.; Terazoe, H.; Shoji, K. [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan); Yonezawa, K.; Otani, F. [Chugoku Electric Power Co. Inc., Hiroshima (Japan); Sekiyama, T.; Kosakai, K.; Sato, H.
1997-06-01
Equipment which made experiments on air conditioning and hydroponic cultivation possible was set up at the technical research center of the Chugoku Electric Power Co., to study an air conditioning system using night power and energy saving technology for the cultivation. Vegetables suitable to the cultivation were selected. For air conditioning, adopted was a water heat storage air conditioning system using night power. The space between the shade curtain and the greenhouse roof was ventilated to prevent increase in cooling load caused by rise in curtain temperature. Moreover, the cultivation equipment was covered with transparent vinyl film to cool the inside of the equipment. The hydroponic cultivation equipment was trially manufactured which makes the continued production by one worker possible. The cultivation of spinach, leaf lettuce and chingensai throughout the year became possible. The yield of chingensai reached the target, but those of spinach and leaf lettuce were approximately 70% of the targets. Vegetables to be produced in the air-conditioned greenhouse by hydroponic cultivation are thought to be those that can have added values such non-pesticides and ingredients, young plants which were increased by cutting or tissue culturing, etc. 5 refs., 19 figs., 8 tabs.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cremers, B.E. [Biddle, Kootstertille (Netherlands)
2000-08-01
This article discusses how climate separation works by using computer simulations. There is very good agreement between computer simulations and measurements in practice. The simulations can therefore be used as a tool in the development of comfort air curtains in the retail sector and in the development of air partitions in cold stores. Even so, practical measurements remain necessary in order to validate the simulations. 1 ref.
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Development of Offshore Wind Power Industry
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Liu Xiao
2011-01-01
The offshore wind power development target as initially proposed in "The 12=Five-Year" on energy recourses development and renewable energy recourses currently under development is to reach 5m KW by 2015 and 30m KW by 2020. With the unfolding of offshore wind turbine planning from different areas, the curtain of offshore wind power development for our country's "The 12=Five-Year" has been opened.
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Detsibill : Meie Mees kui ANTI. White Label : Don Erikson. Kuula / DJ Pickney Tiger
DJ Pickney Tiger, pseud., 1970-
2006-01-01
Heliplaatidest: Don Erikson "Israel Mix", Congotronics 2 "Buzz'n'rumble from the urb'n'jungle", Critikal "Chapter One ehk Teine maitse", Nirvana "Silver, The best of the Box", Singer Vinger "Eesti Kullafond", Bullet Train To Vegas "We Put Scissors Where Our Mouths Are", Ludachris "Disturbing tha peace", "Soul Satisfaction 5", The Kurt Webber's Pink Band "Café Regatt", Patrizio Buanne "The Italian", Eminem "Curtain Call"
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Report on the atom what you should know about atomic energy
Dean, Gordon
1954-01-01
The American approach to the atom ; Uranium is where you find it ; the production line: ore to bombs ; the expanding programme ; the headaches ; the pay-off: weapons ; the military and the atoms ; power: the peaceful goals, first phase ; power: the peaceful goals, second goals ; radioisotopes: servants of man ; the quest for knowledge ; secrecy, security and spies ; the international atom ; behind the Iron Curtain ; the way ahead.
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Scalable Database Design of End-Game Model with Decoupled Countermeasure and Threat Information
2017-11-01
the Army Modular Active Protection System (MAPS) program to provide end-to-end APS modeling and simulation capabilities. The SSES simulation features...research project of scalable database design was initiated in support of SSES modularization efforts with respect to 4 major software components...Iron Curtain KE kinetic energy MAPS Modular Active Protective System OLE DB object linking and embedding database RDB relational database RPG
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Graphite curtain vacuum outgassing and heat transfer. Final report
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fivel, H.J.; Lang, G.P.; Kipp, H.W.
1976-12-01
Thermal conductivity of a bundle of high conductivity graphite fibers (T-50) was measured as a function of temperature, density and fiber orientation at pressures of 10 -4 to 10 -5 torr. All 3 variables had a significant influence on thermal conductivity. The highest conductivity fiber bundle tested had a conductivity significantly less than dense, bulk nuclear grade graphite. The incorporation of heat pipes into a graphite spectral shaper will permit a 2-fold thicker shaper. Heat pipes not only increase the transport of heat within the spectral shaper but can increase heat transfer at the shaper-first wall interface and potentially serve as a means of attaching shaper modules to the first wall. A heat pipe using a liquid metal working fluid was fabricated and tested in magnetic fields of 1 and 2 Tesla. Liquid metal heat pipes can be used in a magnetic field of at least up to 2 Tesla. Much more work needs to be done to establish the capabilities for high performance heat pipes when used in magnetic fields. Four different types of graphite fibers were exposed in EBR-II to a neutron fluence of 3.5 x 10 21 cm -2 EFF at 470 0 C. Large axial shrinkages of 6.6 to 8.6% resulted
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The curtain of reality. The secret beauty of deception
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Santoro, Emilio
2015-01-01
The physics research is a path on a 'road to reality', to paraphrase the title of a famous essay by R. Penrose. One school of thought interprets mathematics not only as a descriptive tool of reality but as the ultimate structure of reality. In this short note, the author supports this hypothesis speculative showing the performance to be reached by starting an investigation to 'flush out' mathematics and beauty in a symbolic constant of physics that alone could explain and justify the existence of the universe [it
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CIS/Eastern countries. A curtain raising on eastern Europe
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1998-01-01
Slowly and laboriously a new russian petroleum industry is setting in. To illustrate this new scenery, statistical data and maps, giving the production and consumption rates are presented. Two big companies (Shell and B.P.) stand for the privatization of Rosneft, the russian petroleum group. The legal and financial petroleum aspects of Russian are changing but very slowly, attracting the western companies around the petroleum industry. But this interest remains careful. The european bank of investment (BEI) decided to take a financial share in the eastern energy. (A.L.B.)
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Surfacing Rescue Container Concept Design for Trident Submarines
2009-06-01
insulation , synthetic seat cushions, electrical components and wiring, and the lubricants used in the ventilation and dewatering equipment. 24...lightweight, and small enough to be suspended between the LSRC pressure hull frames. An innovative variation of this product, manufactured by Micropore ... Micropore curtain, known as ExtendAirTM, comes in canisters approximately 7.5 inches tall with a diameter of 4.25 inches, each weighing about ten pounds
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2013-09-01
doors. Center: damage to the sensor mounts. Right: Damage to the blast curtain . Figure 6. US Army Institute of Surgical Research shock...for 5 min. The stained slides were placed on filter paper and air -dried for 5 min. Prior to starting the MALDI analysis, the sections were...internal scleral delaminations. Development of a rigorous experimental methodology and use of pre-blast ultrasound screening gave confidence that the
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Martin, S. F.; Panasenco, O.; Agah, Y.; Engvold, O.; Lin, Y.
2009-12-01
We address only a first step in relating limb and disk observations by illustrating and comparing the spines and barbs of three different quiescent prominences and filaments observed in Hα by three different telescopes. Although the appearance of the three quiescent prominences is quite different, we show that each consists of a spine, barbs extending from the spine, and arcs at the base of some of the curtains of barb threads.
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Control of harmful dust in coal mines
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Goddard, B; Bower, K; Mitchell, D
1973-01-01
This handbook consists of a series of short chapters devoted to: sources of airborne dust; dust standards and methods of sampling; dust prevention on mechanized faces; ventilation and dust extraction; distribution and use of water; dust control on mechanized faces; dust control in drivages and headings; drilling and shotfiring; dust control in transport; some outbye dust control techniques (hygroscopic salts, impingement curtains); water infusion; personal protective equipment. (CIS Abstr.)
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2015-02-28
soft drinks, energy drinks), type and frequency of tobacco product use (e.g., cigarettes, chewing tobacco, nicotine gum or patches, electronic smoke...caffeinated beverages (RX Department only). Regarding the use of nicotine products, cigarettes were used by 20 participants, followed by electronic ...smoke (n = 9), chewing tobacco/snuff (n = 8), and cigars (n = 2). Bed size 27% Mattress 35% Pillow 10% Curtain 8% Odors 20% 0% 20% 40% 60
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Joel Zito Araújo
2008-09-01
Full Text Available The myth of the Brazilian racial democracy still remains among the cinema and soap opera industry, even though it is greatly criticized by several sectors of the black population. The myth is characterized as a powerful curtain that enables the perception of negative stereotypes about African-Brazilians and provokes the lack of recognition of black actors and actresses throughout the country’s history of cinema and television.
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Broiler-Housing Conditions Affect the Performance
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
D Mesa
Full Text Available ABSTRACT In the last decades animal production has considerably increased worldwide to sustain an ever-growing human population. Among animal reared for consumption purposes, chickens are undoubtedly one of the most successful, mainly due to their rapid growth rate. The development of broiler farming has been accompanied in recent years by a substantial attention to animal welfare. This study is aimed at assessing the effects of different housing conditions on both feed conversion ratio and mortality of male broiler flocks through a large-scale study (more than 100 million birds involving 977 farms belonging to one major producer. For this, we evaluated nine features of the housing system using a linear model with random effect. The features were: roofing, floor, drinkers, feeders, water source, color curtain color, management, light and ventilation. A total of 3516 poultry flocks were assessed. Positive ventilation, metal and clay roof, dirt floor and owner management were shown to reduced mortality. Concrete floor, negative ventilation, blue curtains, fluorescent lightening, owner management, tap water and well water significantly improved FCR. We discuss our findings in relation with economic constraints and provide advices to encourage farmers using simple devices that will improve both production and chicken survival.
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A new concept for spatially divided Deep Reactive Ion Etching with ALD-based passivation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Roozeboom, F; Kniknie, B; Lankhorst, A M; Winands, G; Knaapen, R; Smets, M; Poodt, P; Dingemans, G; Keuning, W; Kessels, W M M
2012-01-01
Conventional Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) is a plasma etch process with alternating half-cycles of 1) Si-etching with SF 6 to form gaseous SiF x etch products, and 2) passivation with C 4 F 8 that polymerizes as a protecting fluorocarbon deposit on the sidewalls and bottom of the etched features. In this work we report on a novel alternative and disruptive technology concept of Spatially-divided Deep Reactive Ion Etching, S-DRIE, where the process is converted from the time-divided into the spatially divided regime. The spatial division can be accomplished by inert gas bearing 'curtains' of heights down to ∼20 μm. These curtains confine the reactive gases to individual (often linear) injection slots constructed in a gas injector head. By horizontally moving the substrate back and forth under the head one can realize the alternate exposures to the overall cycle. A second improvement in the spatially divided approach is the replacement of the CVD-based C 4 F 8 passivation steps by ALD-based oxide (e.g. SiO 2 ) deposition cycles. The method can have industrial potential in cost-effective creation of advanced 3D interconnects (TSVs), MEMS manufacturing and advanced patterning, e.g., in nanoscale transistor line edge roughness using Atomic Layer Etching.
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Johnston, Celeste; Campbell-Yeo, Marsha; Rich, Bonnie; Whitley, Julie; Filion, Francoise; Cogan, Jennifer; Walker, Claire-Dominique
2013-09-01
Preterm neonates below 30 weeks' gestational age undergo numerous painful procedures. Many management approaches are not appropriate for this population. Therapeutic Touch, an alternative approach based on the theory of energy medicine, has been shown to promote physiological stability in preterm neonates and reduce pain in some adult studies. The objective was to determine whether Therapeutic Touch is efficacious in decreasing pain in preterm neonates. Infants Touch (n = 27) with infant behind curtains, leaving the curtained area for the heel lance, performed by another. In the sham condition (n = 28), the therapist stood by the incubator with hands by her side. The Premature Infant Pain Profile was used for pain response and time for heart rate to return to baseline for recovery. Heart rate variability and stress response were secondary outcomes. There were no group differences in any of the outcomes. Mean Premature Infant Pain Profile scores across 2 minutes of heel lance procedure in 30-second blocks ranged from 7.92 to 8.98 in the Therapeutic Touch group and 7.64 to 8.46 in the sham group. Therapeutic Touch given immediately before and after heel lance has no comforting effect in preterm neonates. Other effective strategies involving actual touch should be considered.
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Energy Supply System for Industrial Poultry Houses
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sit M.L.
2016-04-01
Full Text Available The gas engine driven carbon dioxide heat pump designed for providing the heat, cold and electricity for industrial poultry house is proposed. The scheme differs from the known by using recuperative heat exchanger installed between the exhaust air duct of poultry house and heat pump evaporator and the heat curtain installed on the air duct after the evaporator. The air coming into the poultry house after the regenerative heat exchanger is supplied to the heat pump gas cooler. The heat pump produces heat of the required parameters of the input air and water for watering of poultry, space heating, etc. Heat pump compressor is driven by gas engine (GPA, by natural gas or biogas. The part of the gas-piston engine heat is used for adjusting the optimal heat pump mode and for regeneration of the absorbent in an evaporative cooler. The proposed technical solution of the above scheme provides a higher COP of the heat pump. Installing of heat curtain does not require the use of non-freezing solution to prevent icing of the air outlet of heat pump evaporator. The latter allows producing, besides electric power and heat, still cold (with the use off the adsorption-refrigerating machine and provide drying air inlet evaporative cooler (if necessary.
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2009-04-01
Hungary, Eastern Germany and Poland were all behind the iron curtain.”5 Although the Marshall Plan addressed Europe’s post-war economic issues, the...members of the Alliance were] determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples.”11 A reference to the common defense...the 1990s (the initial idea behind the Soviets’ 1970s CSCE participation) and emerged instead as the premier European organization regarding human
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Missing in Action: Where Are the Air Force’s Geographic Combatant Commanders
2011-06-01
would usher in a more Kantian world order.19 In 1993, Charles Kegley implied that the fall of the iron curtain was a “potent catalyst” pushing the...the values point to unchanging characteristics of the profession of arms.7 The values also help Air Force leadership determine the ethical climate...follow ethical practices in the acquisitions field. During the same period, Air Force General Gregory Martin was nominated to become the first non
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Design and construction of tailings ponds and reclamation facilities - case histories
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jones, J.D.; Jenkins, R.G.
1978-01-01
Case histories in several sectors of the mineral industry are presented. Of interest is the reactivation of a tailings pond at the uranium property of Madawaska Mines Ltd. in Ontario. A grout curtain was installed to prevent ground water contamination and although tests have shown it not to be continuous it has decreased the radioactivity on the downstream side. Radium 226 is being captured by unexpected ion exchange qualities in the soil. (E.C.B.)
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Wijnhoven SWP; Kooi MW; te Biesebeek JD; SIR; vgc
2010-01-01
Textile products in indoor environment contain a variety of chemicals. Well-known examples are flame retardants, phthalates, formaldehyde and dimethylfumarate. Consumers are potentially exposed to these chemicals since a lot of textile products are present in indoor environment (clothing, curtains, floor covering, and upholstery of furniture) and consumers are in contact with these products for up to 24 hours a day. The Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (VWA) commissioned RIVM to mak...
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Efficient light scattering through thin semi-transparent objects
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Frisvad, Jeppe Revall; Christensen, Niels Jørgen; Falster, Peter
2005-01-01
This paper concerns real-time rendering of thin semi-transparent objects. An object in this category could be a piece of cloth, eg. a curtain. Semi-transparent objects are visualized most correctly using volume rendering techniques. In general such techniques are, however, intractable for real-ti...... in this new area gives far better results than what is obtainable with a traditional real-time rendering scheme using a constant factor for alpha blending....
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Methylobacterium spp. as an indicator for the presence or absence of Mycobacterium spp.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Joseph O Falkinham III
2016-01-01
Conclusion: The data demonstrate that microbial populations in biofilms can influence the presence or absence of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens and, thereby, increase the range of strategies to reduce exposure to waterborne pathogens. Finally, by assessing for the visual presence of methylobacteria as pink pigmentation on showers and shower curtains, homeowners and managers of hospitals and other buildings can quickly determine whether a premise plumbing biofilm sample has mycobacteria with a high degree of assurance.
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The Seated Soldier Study: Posture and Body Shape in Vehicle Seats
2013-10-31
lasers in four towers arranged in a square create a line on the subject as they move synchronously from top to bottom. Two cameras on each of the four...of the scanner being assembled and the scanner draped with curtains to control light and provide privacy. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 22 Figure 16...with special reference to the limbs. WADC Technical Report No. 55-159. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: Wright Air Development Center
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Air & Space Power Journal. Volume 28, Number 5, September-October 2014
2014-10-01
authorized could employ up to three four-ship cells concurrently.27 If three cells are employed simul- taneously, then 12 of the 21 jets (57 percent...of terrorist cells probably does not have the strategic capability to affect information to the degree required to sway global opinion. In the face...effect of additional weight on the mobility and stamina of the horses). The costly proposition of thickening the stone curtain walls of castles would
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The Effects of Nuclear Weapons
1977-01-01
34Nuclear Explosion Effects Practice No. 42, 1961. on Structui’es and Protective Construction-A * ARMOUR RESEARCH FOUNDATION, "A Sim- Selected Bibliography...34 U.S. Atomic Energy p1e Method of Evaluating Blast Effects on Commission, April 1961, TID-3092. Buildihigs," Armour Research Foundation, PI(KERINU, E...stripes have been destroyed by the heat fiom the therm. al radiation. lion points could receive thermal radia- as shades, curtains, and drapes . Of
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MODEL PENGENDALIAN TERPADU VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA SALATIGA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Akhid Darwin
2013-12-01
sipermethrinplus etil sellulosaAbstractSalatiga is one district in Central Java with a high level of endemicity of dengue haemorrhagic fever cases. Cases of DHF were likely to fluctuate andrise. Case Fatality Rate(CRF in 2008 amounted to 1,39% in 72cases, in 2009 with 109 cases of CFR 0.92% and in 2010 there were 155 cases of0% CFR. Mosquito nest eradication (PSN as a strategic activity has not been optimally implemented. Alternative DBD vector control in this study using a combination of chemical control method (using insecticide sipermethrin plus ethyl cellulose curtains and biological control method using predator larvae Mesocyclops aspericornis. The choice of control method based on Based on mosquito habit of biting people (antropophylic in the house and resting in dark places (phototropy negative, humidity, susceptibility to sipermethrin insecticide and the predacy of Mesocyclops aspericomis against to Ae. aegypti larvae. The research objective was to control Ae. aegypti in an integrated method through biological control (M. aspericornis and Sipermethrin Insecticide treated curtains plus ethyl cellulose aplication. The study design was quasi-experimental pre-posttest group design to a decrease in indicators of entomology and posttest control group design to test the efficacy of insecticide-treated curtains sipermethrin plus ethyl cellulose against dengue vector. Rresults showed a significant decrease in free larva index (ABJ of 96,27% from 85.05%, ovitrap index from 14.49% down to 8,88% and the killing power of insecticide-treated curtains sipermethrin plus ethyl cellulose against Ae. aegypti 82.93% at week 15 (3 months.Keywords: DHF, free larvae index, M. aspericomis and Sipermethrin Insecticide treated curtains plus ethyl cellulose
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A novel approach to TEM preparation with a (7-axis stage) triple-beam FIB-SEM system
Clarke, Jamil J.
2015-10-01
Preparation of lamellae from bulk to grid for Cs-corrected Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation has mostly become routine work on the latest FIB-SEM systems, with standardized techniques that often are left to automation for the initial steps. The finalization of lamellae however, has mostly become, non-routine, non-repeatable and often driven by user experience level in most cases to produce high quality damage-less cross section. Materials processing of the latest technologies, with ever-shrinking Nano-sized structures pose challenges to modern FIB-SEM systems. This can often lead to specialized techniques and hyper-specific functions for producing ultra-thin high quality lamellae that often are lab specific, preventing practical use of such techniques across multiple materials and applications. Several factors that should be incorporated in processing fine structured materials successfully include how the use of electron and ion scan conditions can affect a thin section during ion milling, the type of ion species applied for material processing during the finalization of lamellae with gallium ions or of a smaller ion species type such as Ar/Xe, sample orientation of the lamella during the thinning process which is linked to ion beam incident angle as a direct relationship in the creation of waterfall effects or curtain effects, and how software can be employed to aid in the reduction of these artifacts with reproducible results regardless of FIB-SEM experience for site-specific lift outs. A traditional TEM preparation was performed of a fine structure specimen in pursuit of a process technique to produce a high quality TEM lamella which would address all of the factors mentioned. These new capabilities have been refined and improved upon during the FIB-SEM design and development stages with an end result of a new approach that yields an improvement in quality by the reduction of common ion milling artifacts such as curtain effects, amorphous
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Evolution of fluid-like granular ejecta generated by sphere impact
Marston, Jeremy
2012-05-01
We present results from an experimental study of the speed and shape of the ejecta formed when a solid sphere impacts onto a granular bed. We use high-speed imaging at frame rates up to 100 000 f.p.s. to provide direct measurement of individual grain velocities and ejecta angles as well as the overall evolution of the granular ejecta. For larger grain sizes, the emergence velocities of the grains during the early stage flow, i.e. before the main ejecta curtain forms, increase with the kinetic energy of the impacting sphere but are inversely proportional to the time from impact. We also observe that the fastest grains, which can obtain velocities up to five times that of the impacting sphere (V g/V 0 = 5), generally emerge at the earliest times and with the lowest ejection angles. As the grain size is decreased, a more fluid-like behaviour is observed whereby the ejected material first emerges as a thin sheet of grains between the sphere and the bed surface, which is also seen when a sphere impacts a liquid pool. In this case, the sheet velocity is approximately double that of the impacting sphere (V s/V 0 = 2) and independent of the bulk packing fraction. For the finest grains we provide evidence of the existence of a vortex ring inside the ejecta curtain where grains following the air flow are entrained through the curtain. In contrast to predictions from previous studies, we find that the temporal evolution of the ejecta neck radius is not initially quadratic but rather approaches a square-root dependence on time, for the finest grains with the highest impact kinetic energy. The evolution therefore approaches that seen for the crown evolution in liquid drop impacts. By using both spherical glass beads and coarse sands, we show that the size and shape distribution are critical in determining the post-impact dynamics whereby the sands exhibit a qualitatively different response to impact, with grains ejected at lower speeds and at later times than for the glass
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Physical Mechanism of Comet Outbursts: The Movie
Hartmann, William K.
2014-11-01
During experiments conducted in 1976 at the NASA Ames Research Center’s Vertical Gun Facility (VGF), the author studied low velocity impacts into simulated regolith powders and gravels, in order to examine physics of low-velocity collisions during early solar system planetesimal formation. In one “accidental” experiment, the bucket of powder remained gas-charged during evacuation of the VGF vacuum chamber. The impactor, moving at 5.5 m/s, disturbed the surface, initiating eruptions of dust-charged gas, shooting in jets from multiple vents at speeds up to about 3 m/s, with sporadic venting until 17 seconds after the impact. This experiment was described in [1], which concluded that it simulated comet eruption phenomena. In this hypothesis, a comet nucleus develops a lag deposit of regolith in at least some regions. At a certain distance from the sun, the thermal wave penetrates to an ice-rich depth, causing sublimation. Gas rises into the regolith, collects in pore spaces, and creates a gas-charged powder, as in our experiment. Any surface disturbance, such as a meteoroid, may initiate a temporary eruption, or eventually the gas pressure becomes sufficient to blow off the overburden. Our observed ejection speed would be sufficient to launch dust off of a kilometer-scale comet nucleus.Film (100 frames/s) of the event was obtained, but was partially torn up in a projector. It has recently been reconstituted (Centric Photo Labs, Tucson) and dramatically illustrates various cometary phenomena. Parabolic curtains of erupted material resemble curtains of material photographed from earth in real comet comas, “falling back” under solar wind forces. In retrospect, the mechanism photographed here helps explain:*sporadic eruptions in Comet P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 (near-circular orbit at ~6 A.U., where repeated recharge may occur).*sporadic eruptions on “asteroid” 2060 Chiron (which stays beyond 8.5 A.U.). *the thicker dust curtain (and longer eruption?) than
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Development and validation of a model for CANDU-6 SDS2 poison injection analysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lee, B. W.; Jung, C. J.; Min, B. J.; Yoon, H. J.; Choi, J. H.; Jang, D. S.
2002-01-01
In CANDU-6 reactor there are two independent reactor shutdown systems. The shutdown system no. 2(SDS2) injects the liquid poison into the moderator tank by high pressure via small holes on the 6 nozzle pipes and stops the nuclear chain reaction. To ensure the safe shutdown of a reactor loaded with either DUPIC or SEU fuels it is necessary for the poison curtains generated by jets provide quick, and enough negative reactivity to the reactor during the early stage of the accident. In order to produce the neutron cross section necessary to perform this work, the poison concentration distribution during the transient is necessary. The motivation for this work arose from the fact that the computer code package for performing this task is not transfered to Korea yet. In this study, a set of models for analyzing the transient poison concentration induced by this high pressure poison injection jet activated upon the reactor trip in a CANDU-6 reactor moderator tank has been developed and used to generate the poison concentration distribution of the poison curtains induced by the high pressure jets injected into the vacant region between the pressure tube banks. The poison injection rate through the jet holes drilled on the nozzle pipes is obtained by a 1-D transient hydrodynamic code called, ALITRIG, and this injection rate is used to provide the inlet boundary condition to a 3-D CFD model of the moderator tank based on CFX4.3, a commercial CFD code developed by AEA technology, to simulate the formation of the poison jet curtain inside the moderator tank. For the validation, a simulation for a generic CANDU-6 SDS2 design poison jet growth experiment was made to evaluate this model's capability against experiment. As no concentration field was measured and only the growth of the poison jet height was obtained by high speed camera, the validation was limited as such. The result showed that if one assume the jet front corresponds to 200 ppm of the poison the model succeed to
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Memoirs of a socialist childhood in China: socialism, nationalism and getting ahead
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lei Chen
2018-04-01
Full Text Available In this memoir, I accounted several episodes of my childhood of a middle class family in early 1990s in a Chinese urban city. Two major discourses permeated my account: the nationalism and socialism discourse and the upward social mobility discourse. While my family and I cherish the comfort and joy of everyday life enjoyed in the era of “socialism with Chinese characteristics”, the suffering past is like a ghost, peeking out behind the curtain.
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Gaillard Island Bio-degradable Geotube Test Project, Mobile Bay, Alabama
2016-12-01
and may provide a feasible construction alternative in regions that do not allow either synthetic or hard structures on dunes and coastal shorelines...and later remove the curtain but leave the ballast in place to support the toe of the material that the boom contained. Wave action caused minor...construction of a dune and beach on the north side of the project area to preserve the dike crest width. Wave action also tore the external turbidity
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Soviet-American Art Exchanges during the Thaw: from Bold Openings to Hasty Retreats
Mikkonen, Simo
2013-01-01
[Introduction] East-West artistic connections during the Cold War were a complex range of phenomena including the circulation of works of art, travelling by art professionals, the exchange of practices and the adoption of art currents from the other side of the Iron Curtain. The Cold War has also been said to have influenced the arts and artistic processes in a number of ways. Yet, art has always shunned political borders, wavering between the guidance of individual and government...
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Steuern in Fragilen Staaten : Empfehlungen für die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
Petersen, Hans-Georg
2010-01-01
Fragile states are characterized by institutions which do not have the political will or ability to reduce poverty in the interests of their citizen, to establish basic social security, to promote a successful development process, and to guarantee security and human rights. The regional disintegration processes after the period of imperialism and the fall of the iron curtain have created many new states, which still are politically unstable and unable for a sustainable development. In the lit...
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Fachadas vidriadas estructuradas en madera
Schmitt, Cristián
2013-01-01
Consideraciones de responsabilidad ambiental, la búsqueda de mejoras en los indicadores de transmisión térmica e infiltraciones para fachadas vidriadas y la existencia de nuevas tecnologías de modelado de piezas han estimulado la incorporación de la madera en estructuras de muro cortina. Using new manufacturing technologies, the construction of curtain wall structures has incorporated wood components due to demands of environmental responsibility and improvement of thermal conductivity and...
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Prillia Ayudia; Rachmat Haris; Mulyana Tatang
2017-01-01
PT Buana Intan Gemilang is a company engaged in textile industry. The curtain textile production need punching machine to control the fabric process. The operator still works manually so it takes high cost of electrical energy consumption. So to solve the problem can implement green manufacturing on punching machine. The method include firstly to identify the color by classifying the company into the black, brown, gray or green color categories using questionnaire. Secondly is improvement are...
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40 CFR 60.56b - Standards for air curtain incinerators.
2010-07-01
... the capacity to combust greater than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste and that combusts a fuel feed stream composed of 100 percent yard waste and no other municipal solid waste materials shall... Municipal Waste Combustors for Which Construction is Commenced After September 20, 1994 or for Which...
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Unveiling the curtain of superposition: Recent gedanken and laboratory experiments
Cohen, E.; Elitzur, A. C.
2017-08-01
What is the true meaning of quantum superposition? Can a particle genuinely reside in several places simultaneously? These questions lie at the heart of this paper which presents an updated survey of some important stages in the evolution of the three-boxes paradox, as well as novel conclusions drawn from it. We begin with the original thought experiment of Aharonov and Vaidman, and proceed to its non-counterfactual version. The latter was recently realized by Okamoto and Takeuchi using a quantum router. We then outline a dynamic version of this experiment, where a particle is shown to “disappear” and “re-appear” during the time evolution of the system. This surprising prediction based on self-cancellation of weak values is directly related to our notion of Quantum Oblivion. Finally, we present the non-counterfactual version of this disappearing-reappearing experiment. Within the near future, this last version of the experiment is likely to be realized in the lab, proving the existence of exotic hitherto unknown forms of superposition. With the aid of Bell’s theorem, we prove the inherent nonlocality and nontemporality underlying such pre- and post-selected systems, rendering anomalous weak values ontologically real.
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40 CFR 62.14107 - Emission limits for air curtain incinerators.
2010-07-01
... and that combusts a fuel feed stream composed of 100 percent yard waste and no other municipal solid... level of up to 35 percent (6-minute average) is permitted during startup periods during the first 30...
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DIGITAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP DATABASE, McCURTAIN COUNTY, OK
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk...
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Up and atom! boffin's fun and games behind the "curtain"
Evans, Martin
2016-01-01
For many years I kept thinking hard about putting my life-time experiences in a small book to hand out to my family and friends. Finally, I found a pen, and enough paper, to put it all down in a major challenge to my patience, recall, and the incomparable English language. This is it... And I very much hope that you will enjoy it so much that all I have written has been worth the monumental effort.
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40 CFR 60.2245 - What is an air curtain incinerator?
2010-07-01
... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units for Which Construction Is Commenced After November 30, 1999 or for....2260). (1) 100 percent wood waste. (2) 100 percent clean lumber. (3) 100 percent mixture of only wood...
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Silicate grout curtains behaviour for the protection of coastal aquifers
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Elektorowicz, M.; Chifrina, R.; Hesnawi, R.
1997-01-01
Tests were performed to evaluate the behaviour of silicate grout with different reagents (ethylacetate - formamide SA and calcium chloride SC) in pure silica sand and natural soils from coastal areas containing organic matter, clayey soil and silica sand. The grouted specimens were tested with simulated fresh and salt water. The setting process during chemical grouting in the soil and sand was studied. The grouting of soil and sand with SA caused a transfer to the environment of some compounds: sodium formate, sodium acetate, ammonia and part of the initial ethylacetate and formamide. This process had a tendency to decrease for approximately 4 months. The stability of specimens was low. The grouting of soil and sand with SC caused no significant contamination of the environment. The increase of pH of environmental water was even less than with SA grouting. Also, the stability of specimens is higher in comparison with SA grouting. Salt water protected the specimens grouted with SA and SC from destruction and prevented contamination
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Mass hierarchies from anomalies: A peek behind the Planck curtain
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ramond, P.
1996-01-01
The masses of quarks and leptons suggest a strong hierarchical structure. We argue that their patterns can be reproduced through the introduction of a new Abelian symmetry. The data suggest that this symmetry is anomalous. We suggest that the cancellation of its anomalies occurs through the Green-Schwarz mechanism. An important check of this idea is that it links the Weinberg angle to a mass ration of the elementary fermions. The Green-Schwarz mechanism occurs naturally in many superstring compactifications, and produces a small parameter, which we use to determine the quark mass hierarchy. We show that hierarchy and mixings among the chiral fermions is a consequence of the Green-Schwarz mechanism. We present several models where this idea is realized. 16 refs., 2 tabs
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fernandez, J.A.; Richardson, A.M.
1994-11-01
The purpose of this report is to assess the availability of technologies to seal underground openings. The technologies are needed to seal the potential high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain. Technologies are evaluated for three basic categories of seal components: backfill (general fill and graded fill), bulkheads, and grout curtains. Not only is placement of seal components assessed, but also preconditioning of the placement area and seal component durability. The approach taken was: First, review selected sealing case histories (literature searches and site visits) from the mining, civil, and defense industries; second, determine whether reasonably available technologies to seal the potential repository exist; and finally, identify deficiencies in existing technologies. It is concluded that reasonably available technologies do exist to place backfill, bulkheads, and grout curtains. Technologies also exist to precondition areas where seal components are to be placed. However, if final performance requirements are stringent for these engineered structures, some existing technologies may need to be developed. Deficiencies currently do exist in technologies that demonstrate the long-term durability and performance of seal components. Case histories do not currently exist that demonstrate the placement of seal components in greatly elevated thermal and high-radiation environments and in areas where ground support (rock bolts and concrete liners) has been removed. The as-placed, in situ material properties for sealing materials appropriate to Yucca Mountain are not available
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Biofilms associated with poultry processing equipment.
Lindsay, D; Geornaras, I; von Holy, A
1996-01-01
Aerobic and Gram-negative bacteria were enumerated on non-metallic surfaces and stainless steel test pieces attached to equipment surfaces by swabbing and a mechanical dislodging procedure, respectively, in a South African grade B poultry processing plant. Changes in bacterial numbers were also monitored over time on metal test pieces. The highest bacterial counts were obtained from non-metallic surfaces such as rubber fingered pluckers and plastic defeathering curtains which exceeded the highest counts found on the metal surfaces by at least 1 log CFU cm-2. Gram-negative bacterial counts on all non-metallic surface types were at least 2 log CFU cm-2 lower than corresponding aerobic plate counts. On metal surfaces, the highest microbial numbers were obtained after 14 days exposure, with aerobic plate counts ranging from 3.57 log CFU cm-2 to 5.13 log CFU cm-2, and Gram-negative counts from 0.70 log CFU cm-2 to 3.31 log CFU cm-2. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells on non-metallic and metallic surfaces associated with poultry processing. Rubber 'fingers', plastic curtains, conveyor belt material and stainless steel test surfaces placed on the scald tank overflow and several chutes revealed extensive and often confluent bacterial biofilms. Extracellular polymeric substances, but few bacterial cells were visible on test pieces placed on evisceration equipment, spinchiller blades and the spinchiller outlet.
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Nanofabricated racks of aligned and anchored DNA substrates for single-molecule imaging.
Gorman, Jason; Fazio, Teresa; Wang, Feng; Wind, Shalom; Greene, Eric C
2010-01-19
Single-molecule studies of biological macromolecules can benefit from new experimental platforms that facilitate experimental design and data acquisition. Here we develop new strategies to construct curtains of DNA in which the molecules are aligned with respect to one another and maintained in an extended configuration by anchoring both ends of the DNA to the surface of a microfluidic sample chamber that is otherwise coated with an inert lipid bilayer. This "double-tethered" DNA substrate configuration is established through the use of nanofabricated rack patterns comprised of two distinct functional elements: linear barriers to lipid diffusion that align DNA molecules anchored by one end to the bilayer and antibody-coated pentagons that provide immobile anchor points for the opposite ends of the DNA. These devices enable the alignment and anchoring of thousands of individual DNA molecules, which can then be visualized using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy under conditions that do not require continuous application of buffer flow to stretch the DNA. This unique strategy offers the potential for studying protein-DNA interactions on large DNA substrates without compromising measurements through application of hydrodynamic force. We provide a proof-of-principle demonstration that double-tethered DNA curtains made with nanofabricated rack patterns can be used in a one-dimensional diffusion assay that monitors the motion of quantum dot-tagged proteins along DNA.
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Clinic exam room design: present and future.
Freihoefer, Kara; Nyberg, Gary; Vickery, Christine
2013-01-01
This article aims to deconstruct various design qualities and strategies of clinic exam rooms, and discuss how they influence users' interaction and behavior in the space. Relevant literature supports the advantages and disadvantages of different design strategies. Annotated exam room prototypes illustrate the design qualities and strategies discussed. Advancements in technology and medicine, along with new legislative policies, are influencing the way care providers deliver care and ultimately clinic exam room designs. The patient-centered medical home model has encouraged primary care providers to make patients more active leaders of their health plan which will influence the overall functionality and configuration of clinic exam rooms. Specific design qualities discussed include overall size, location of doors and privacy curtains, positioning of exam tables, influence of technology in the consultation area, types of seating, and placement of sink and hand sanitizing dispensers. In addition, future trends of exam room prototypes are presented. There is a general lack of published evidence to support design professionals' design solutions for outpatient exam rooms. Future research should investigate such topics as the location of exam tables and privacy curtains as they relate to patient privacy; typical size and location of consultation table as it relates to patient connection and communication; and placement of sinks and sanitization dispensers as they relate to frequency and patterns of usage. Literature review, outpatient, technology, visual privacy.
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A critique of everyday life through Chungking Express and a case study on İstanbul
Üçoluk, Ece
2007-01-01
63 pages Mainly starting with the industrial revolution the world evolved into a modified epoch where everyday life has gone through thorough changes and gained vital importance in social sciences. Especially in our era, where globalization standardizing everyday life in all over the world molding it into sameness, the theory of everyday life has become a key subject that could unveil the actuality it conceals under the curtain of the mundane. This study sets out to examine, analyze and cr...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Novakovic, V; Harsem, T T
1986-09-01
The report deals with the glazed yard climate in the Kredittkassen head office block in Oslo (Norway). The climate has been simulated by means of the computer program Royal-DEBAK. Considered in particular are the summery and bright sunny day conditions together with the annual power required and energy consumption. The use of insulating glasses, indoor curtains, ventilation systems in the narrow zone of the glass roof, and cooling systems in the floor are important parts of the concept. 9 drawings.
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Isothermal model investigation of fume extraction systems for the scrap burner at Appleby Frodingham
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Robinson, D.
1976-08-01
Model tests have been made on three suggested schemes for improving the efficiency of fume collection on the scrap burning installation in the Anchor BOS plant at Appleby Frodingham. In particular the usefulness of air curtains as a means of containing the fume has been examined. CO/sub 2/ tracer measurements, and photographs using smoke for visualization have allowed the assessment of the collection efficiencies of the three schemes, and some alterative solutions have been investigated using similar methods. (GRA)
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A new step in cement plant bypass technology; Une nouvelle avancee pour les by-pass en cimenterie
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Civiel, G. [Technip, 92 - Rueil-Malmaison (France)
2001-12-01
The demand of valorizing more and more waste fuel in cement industry results in an increase of volatile element quantities in kiln system, particularly chlorine. In 'Ciment, Betons, Platres, Chaux' no 849 May-June 2001, we made reference to the two new approaches developed by TECHNIP CL to solve the problem of the volatile elements in clinker burning lines: the raw meal curtain and the Taiheyo by-pass. The following article is focused on the second system. (author)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Maier, A
1975-04-10
The radiation protection housing consists of a foot rim with castor swivel wheels, a tubular frame tapering off at the top, and a crown. In the upper part of the tubular frame a lead glass window is permanently installed. The sides are covered with radiation attenuating curtains of leaded rubber. The housing has the shape of a truncated pyramid which can be dismantled into its constituent parts. It is used for protection from radiation encountered in X-ray facilities in dental radiology.
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Towards Adaptive Evolutionary Architecture
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bak, Sebastian HOlt; Rask, Nina; Risi, Sebastian
2016-01-01
This paper presents first results from an interdisciplinary project, in which the fields of architecture, philosophy and artificial life are combined to explore possible futures of architecture. Through an interactive evolutionary installation, called EvoCurtain, we investigate aspects of how...... to the development of designs tailored to the individual preferences of inhabitants, changing the roles of architects and designers entirely. Architecture-as-it-could-be is a philosophical approach conducted through artistic methods to anticipate the technological futures of human-centered development within...
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Research on the Combination of Underwater Acoustic Countermeasure Equipments Against Torpedo
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Meng Jie
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Today the use of acoustic countermeasure equipment has become the main means in submarine defense torpedo operation. Combination of acoustic countermeasure equipments are used during the operation so that we can amplify the countermeasure effect. Based on the subject of the acoustic countermeasure equipments’ combined use, this paper analyses the interference between these soft kill countermeasure equipments including gas curtain, acoustic decoy and acoustic interferometer, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the different combined use of acoustic countermeasure equipments.
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The Ejecta Evolution of Deep Impact: Insight from Experiments
Hermalyn, B.; Schultz, P. H.; Heineck, J. T.
2010-12-01
The Deep Impact (DI) probe impacted comet 9P/Tempel 1 at an angle of ~30° from local horizontal with a velocity of 10.2 km/s. Examination of the resulting ballistic (e.g., non-vapor driven) ejecta revealed phenomena that largely followed expectations from laboratory investigations of oblique impacts into low-density porous material, including a downrange bias, uprange zone of avoidance, and cardioid (curved) rays (Schultz, et al, 2005, 2007). Modeling of the impact based on canonical models and scaling laws (Richardson, et al, 2007) allowed a first-order reconstruction of the event, but did not fully represent the three-dimensional nature of the ejecta flow-field in an oblique impact essential for interpretation of the DI data. In this study, we present new experimental measurements of the early-time ejecta dynamics in oblique impacts that allow a more complete reconstruction of the ballistic ejecta from the impact, including visualization of the DI encounter and predictions for the upcoming re-encounter with Tempel 1. A suite of hypervelocity 30° impact experiments into granular materials was performed at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range (AVGR) for the purpose of interpreting the Deep Impact event. A technique based on Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) permitted non-intrusive measurement of the ejecta velocity within the ejecta curtain. The PTV system developed at the AVGR utilizes a laser light sheet projected parallel to the impact surface to illuminate horizontal “slices” of the ejecta curtain that are then recorded by multiple cameras. Particle displacement between successive frames and cameras allows determination of the three-component velocity of the ejecta curtain. Pioneering efforts with a similar technique (Anderson, et al, 2003, 2006) characterized the main-stage ejecta velocity distributions and demonstrated that asymmetries in velocity and ejection angle persist well into the far-field for oblique impacts. In this study, high-speed cameras
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Informationized Expo Shanghai Refreshes History
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Rose Yan
2010-01-01
@@ On May 1, the remarkable World Expo Shanghai was lifting its curtain.Among many highlights of Expo Shanghai is the informationization: Expo Shanghai on-line is the display of World Expo through internet for the first time in the history; With the pioneering "mobile phone entrance tickets", the audience just swipe your mobile phone at the corresponding instrument and then can enter the EXPO garden; the application of 4G technology would also exhibit a brilliant outlook of the future communication industry for the people.
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Windows: Win/Win? or when are windows net energy sources?
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Moller, S.K.; Delsante, A.E. [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Highett, VIC (Australia). Div. of Building Construction and Engineering
1994-12-31
The energy balance of domestic glazing is quantified by using program CHEETAH to examine the effects of orientation, U-value, shading coefficient, overhangs, heating operation (times and temperature), curtain U-value, climate, and building thermal mass. The results are presented graphically, allowing the benefit of increasingly glazing area to be assessed quickly. It is shown that unfavourable combinations of these factors can lead to glazing that is a net loser of energy, even when it is facing north. (author). 1 tab., 17 figs., 6 refs.
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Performance evaluation of mobile downflow booths for reducing airborne particles in the workplace.
Lo, Li-Ming; Hocker, Braden; Steltz, Austin E; Kremer, John; Feng, H Amy
2017-11-01
Compared to other common control measures, the downflow booth is a costly engineering control used to contain airborne dust or particles. The downflow booth provides unidirectional filtered airflow from the ceiling, entraining released particles away from the workers' breathing zone, and delivers contained airflow to a lower level exhaust for removing particulates by filtering media. In this study, we designed and built a mobile downflow booth that is capable of quick assembly and easy size change to provide greater flexibility and particle control for various manufacturing processes or tasks. An experimental study was conducted to thoroughly evaluate the control performance of downflow booths used for removing airborne particles generated by the transfer of powdered lactose between two containers. Statistical analysis compared particle reduction ratios obtained from various test conditions including booth size (short, regular, or extended), supply air velocity (0.41 and 0.51 m/s or 80 and 100 feet per minute, fpm), powder transfer location (near or far from the booth exhaust), and inclusion or exclusion of curtains at the booth entrance. Our study results show that only short-depth downflow booths failed to protect the worker performing powder transfer far from the booth exhausts. Statistical analysis shows that better control performance can be obtained with supply air velocity of 0.51 m/s (100 fpm) than with 0.41 m/s (80 fpm) and that use of curtains for downflow booths did not improve their control performance.
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Cercetări experimentale privind comportarea sistemelor pentru faţade, expuse la acţiunea focului
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ştefania Rădulescu
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Visually, it is often the goal of any architecture to define a personality or individual character through the design of the façade. This face or skin, wrapped to the structural frame beneath, is often key to an architect's desire to evoke our emotions, instilling a sense of grandeur as if each new building were an artist's sculpture. In recent decades the desire for taller structures and, particularly, those that are competing for recognition to be among the tallest, if not the world's tallest, is reason to review the fire safety issues related to façade or curtain wall design. Additionally, due to the creativity of architects, new and unique façade designs are continually appearing. The risk of fire spread through articulated elements of the façade or vertically around the façade via the mechanism of flame leap, poses new concerns for the newest class of super highrise structures. Our understanding of fire and its mechanisms of spread in buildings no longer eludes us, however, the risks of fire spread related to super high-rise buildings and the façades that define their character has not been well examined. Current code practices recognize the successful record of fully sprinkler protected high-rise buildings and only require that the void space between the curtain wall and the floor slab be resistive to fire spread using a perimeter fire barrier system.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Boergesson, L.; Pusch, R.; Fredriksson, A.; Hoekmark, H.; Karnland, O.; Sanden, R.
1992-01-01
Tests 2 and 3 of the rock sealing project comprised determination of the hydraulic properties of the disturbed rock around tunnels and drifts and the possibilities of decreasing the hydraulic conductivity of the disturbed zones by an attempt to seal the very fine fractures that are causing the increased conductivity. This report deals with the hydraulic testing while the grouting procedures and their effect are described in volume 3. The BMT drift was used for the experiments which basically consisted of measuring the flow of water from an inner pressurized slot and borehole curtain to an outer curtain with zero water pressure (Macro Flow Test). The 12 m long drift was sealed from water inflow by a slurry that filled the entire drift. The slurry was pressurized by a large water filled bladder for eliminating leakage along and through the drift. The flow tests were primarily evaluated by finite element modeling in which the rock was considered an equivalent porous medium. Two possible rock models were developed that satisfied not only the flow and water pressure measurements during the macro flow test but also 3 different flow situations preceding the test. The models imply a shallow blast-disturbed zone with a strongly increased hydraulic conductivity, and a stress disturbed zone with a decreased radial hydraulic conductivity. The main difference between the models is the extension of the blast-damaged zone and the axial hydraulic conductivity of the stress disturbed zone. (au)
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Clastogenic effects of radiofrequency radiations on chromosomes of Tradescantia
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Haider, Thomas; Kundi, Michael; Haider, Manfred; Knasmueller, Siegfried
1994-01-01
The clastogenicity of electromagnetic fields (EMF) has so far been studied only under laboratory conditions. We used the Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) bioassay in an in situ experiment to find out whether short-wave electromagnetic fields used for broadcasting (10-21 MHz) may show genotoxic effects. Plant cuttings bearing young flower buds were exposed (30 h) on both sides of a slewable curtain antenna (300/500 kW, 40-170 V/m) and 15 m (90 V/m) and 30 m (70 V/m) distant from a vertical cage antenna (100 kW) as well as at the neighbors living near the broadcasting station (200 m, 1-3 V/m). The exposure at both sides of the slewable curtain antenna was performed simultaneously within cages, one of the Faraday type shielding the field and one non-shielding mesh cage. Laboratory controls were maintained for comparison. Higher MCN frequencies than in laboratory controls were found for all exposure sites in the immediate vicinity of the antennae, where the exposure standards of the electric field strength of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) were exceeded. The results at all exposure sites except one were statistically significant. Since the parallel exposure in a non-shielding and a shielding cage also revealed significant differences in MCN frequencies (the latter showing no significant differences from laboratory controls), the clastogenic effects are clearly attributable to the short-wave radiation from the antennae
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Case Study: A Peek behind the Curtain of Tenure and Promotion
Herreid, Clyde Freeman; Prud'homme-Genereux, Annie; Schiller, Nancy A.; Herreid, Ky F.; Wright, Carolyn
2015-01-01
This column provides original articles on innovations in case study teaching, assessment of the method, as well as case studies with teaching notes. This month's issue describes a survey that looks at the system for tenure and promotion.
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A Chip in the Curtain: Computer Technology in the Soviet Union
1989-03-01
authority of the tsar. British historian Lionel Kochan recounted some of the rather complicated story of religion and the tsars: The Church, because of... pseudosciences " and their study was forbidden. Stalin’s policy delayed the development of a scientific and academic foundation for the study of the computer in...leaders, the doctrine of Marx and Lenin is a matter of faith comparable to a religion in Western terms. When the General Secretary of the Soviet Union
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Energy in transition: from the iron curtain to the European Union
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Urge-Vorsatz, D.; Miladinova, G. [Central European University, Budapest (Hungary). Center for Poicy Studies; Paizs, L. [Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary). Institute of Economics
2006-10-15
The fall of communism left some of the most polluting and wasteful energy sectors of the World in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). After 15 years of restructuring, eight of these countries have joined the European Union (EU), closing an era of economic transitions. What progress has been made in these countries in the field of energy from the perspective of sustainability? Has the transition agenda been completed, or do any of the socialist energy sector legacies prevail? The purpose of this paper is to review the period of economic transition in the energy sector, focusing on sustainability, in three selected CEE countries, and to use Russia as a comparison. First, the paper argues that at the core of the unsustainability of energy sectors at the end of the communist era were among the highest energy intensities in the world. Then, we identify the legacies of the centrally planned economy that contributed to these high-energy intensities. We outline a policy agenda for the transitions which addresses the identified legacies. Next, we look at the energy landscape at the end of the restructuring, and review the developments in energy intensities during the period of economic transitions. We conclude that, while energy and economic restructuring is very important to bring down the high-energy intensities of former communist countries, a sizeable gap remains in intensity levels between CEE countries and the old EU states. Therefore, economic and energy system reforms alone will not close the gap, and targeted policies and measures are needed to improve energy efficiency levels. Beyond a more serious governmental commitment, a concerted effort is needed from regulators, corporations, utilities, consumer organisations and the civil sector to catalyse the remaining progress to be made in combating the socialist legacy in the field of energy efficiency. (author)
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Energy in transition: From the iron curtain to the European Union
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Urge-Vorsatz, Diana; Miladinova, Gergana; Paizs, Laszlo
2006-01-01
The fall of communism left some of the most polluting and wasteful energy sectors of the World in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). After 15 years of restructuring, eight of these countries have joined the European Union (EU), closing an era of economic transitions. What progress has been made in these countries in the field of energy from the perspective of sustainability? Has the transition agenda been completed, or do any of the socialist energy sector legacies prevail? The purpose of this paper is to review the period of economic transition in the energy sector, focusing on sustainability, in three selected CEE countries, and to use Russia as a comparison. First, the paper argues that at the core of the unsustainability of energy sectors at the end of the communist era were among the highest energy intensities in the world. Then, we identify the legacies of the centrally planned economy that contributed to these high-energy intensities. We outline a policy agenda for the transitions which addresses the identified legacies. Next, we look at the energy landscape at the end of the restructuring, and review the developments in energy intensities during the period of economic transitions. We conclude that, while energy and economic restructuring is very important to bring down the high-energy intensities of former communist countries, a sizeable gap remains in intensity levels between CEE countries and the old EU states. Therefore, economic and energy system reforms alone will not close the gap, and targeted policies and measures are needed to improve energy efficiency levels. Beyond a more serious governmental commitment, a concerted effort is needed from regulators, corporations, utilities, consumer organisations and the civil sector to catalyse the remaining progress to be made in combating the socialist legacy in the field of energy efficiency
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THE EPISTEMOLOGY BEHIND THE CURTAIN: THOUGHTS ON THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOANALYSIS.
Clarke, Brett H
2017-07-01
This essay is concerned with the epistemological complications of the interface between psychoanalysis and "scientific" disciplines and methodologies-in particular, with respect to theories of knowledge and conceptualizations of subjectivity appropriate to psychoanalysis. The author suggests that there is in such interface the potential for an untheorized scientism in empiricist prescriptions for the reform and rescue of psychoanalysis, and revisits the notion that subjectivity as conceived psychoanalytically, grounded in lived experience, is irreducible in ways that are unique and existentially abiding. The author explores the problem through the lens of philosophical hermeneutics and cautions against merging psychoanalysis, under the guise of a salutary pluralism, with disciplines guided by a systematized empiricism and its attendant epistemological commitments. © 2017 The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Inc.
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Increasing the dust separation efficiency by water spray during the operation of coal combines
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Feskov, M I; Kurdyukov, A N
1974-08-01
Possibilities of efficient wet dust separation around coal combines and their working members are described. The water consumption for dust separation around working members ranges from 0.3 to 1 l/cu m dust-laden air. The working member can be isolated from his surroundings by plastic walls or shields, while water or air curtains are rather unreliable. Such isolation requires a considerable increase in the water expenditure to improve the wettability of the coal particles by humidifying the air. Laboratory experiments revealed improved wettability and sedimentability of coal particles in humid air.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Yeon Jung
2002-05-15
This book deals with the inventions invented by kids such as a utility helmet, a useful drawing board, automatic safe device, telephone for the blind, a peaceful washboard, roly poly milk bottle, seat belt with height control, gas hose to prevent thief, portable magic soap, useful bus handle, convent desk, a paper cup attached a spoon, a useful washboard, dressing room using moveable small cymbals, fluorescent light which is easy to put in a new one, rods for night, curtain for cars, spray shampoo, and a good calendar.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang, Yeon Jung
2002-05-01
This book deals with the inventions invented by kids such as a utility helmet, a useful drawing board, automatic safe device, telephone for the blind, a peaceful washboard, roly poly milk bottle, seat belt with height control, gas hose to prevent thief, portable magic soap, useful bus handle, convent desk, a paper cup attached a spoon, a useful washboard, dressing room using moveable small cymbals, fluorescent light which is easy to put in a new one, rods for night, curtain for cars, spray shampoo, and a good calendar.
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Transnational science during the Cold War: the case of Chinese/American scientists.
Wang, Zuoyue
2010-06-01
This essay examines the experiences of about five thousand Chinese students/scientists in the United States after the Communist takeover of mainland China in 1949. These experiences illustrate the often hidden transnational movements of people, instruments, and ideas in science and technology across the Iron Curtain during the Cold War. I argue that those hundreds who returned to China represented a partial "Americanization" of Chinese science and technology, while the rest of the group staying in the United States contributed to a transnationalization of the American scientific community.
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Sangadzhi Kononov, About a Home Altar
Churyumov, Anton; Kovaeva, Bair
2016-01-01
There are many arguments as to how to correctly organize domestic altars. Since different people have different living conditions, there cannot be a single rule regarding altars. In principal, an altar should be in the right front corner of a building. Altars cannot be in a bedroom, in the kitchen, or in the corridor, and they should not be reflected in a mirror. It is important not to set up an altar in the wrong place. At night people can close their altars with a curtain if they live in a ...
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Fusion reactor technology studies. Final report for period August 1, 1972 - October 31, 1978
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kulcinski, G.L.; Maynard, C.W.
1984-04-01
Major accomplishments for the period August 1, 1972 - October 31, 1978 include the publishing of four comprehensive fusion reactor conceptual design studies; experimental studies in the areas of radiation damage, plasma-wall interactions, superconducting magnets and 14-MeV neutron cross sections; development of the concepts of carbon curtains and ISSEC's for use in fusion reactors; development of a neutron and gamma heating computer code, a radioactivity and afterheat computer code and a neutral transport computer code; and studies in the areas of RF heating for tokamaks and resource assessment for fusion reactors
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Under the spell of Landau when theoretical physics was shaping destinies
2013-01-01
This invaluable collection of memoirs and reviews on scientific activities of the most prominent theoretical physicists belonging to the Landau School - Landau, Anselm, Gribov, Zeldovich, Kirzhnits, Migdal, Ter-Martirosyan and Larkin - are being published in English for the first time. The main goal is to acquaint readers with the life and work of outstanding Soviet physicists who, to a large extent, shaped theoretical physics in the 1950s - 70s. Many intriguing details have remained unknown beyond the "Iron Curtain" which was dismantled only with the fall of the USSR.
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Europe from challenges of war towards challenges of peace
Fahredin Shabani; Ibrahim Gashi
2017-01-01
The end of the WWII, did not bring peace and harmony among the peoples of Europe and World as expected. Enmity of the war time created such a deep ditch, which could not be overcome for a short time. What’s more, even among the allies-winners of the war, friendship and cooperation did not last too long. Very soon, two-three years after the end of the war, Europe was separated by an iron curtain, as Winston Churchill, the British prime minister would call it. The shadow of this division, first...
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Erreygers, Guido; Van Ourti, Tom
2011-01-01
The tools to be used and other choices to be made when measuring socioeconomic inequalities with rank-dependent inequality indices have recently been debated in this journal. This paper adds to this debate by stressing the importance of the measurement scale, by providing formal proofs of several issues in the debate, and by lifting the curtain on the confusing debate between adherents of absolute versus relative health differences. We end this paper with a ‘matrix’ that provides guidelines on the usefulness of several rank-dependent inequality indices under varying circumstances. PMID:21683462
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Larsen, Olena Kalyanova; Heiselberg, Per; Jensen, Rasmus Lund
was carried out in a full scale test facility ‘The Cube’, in order to compile three sets of high quality experimental data for validation purposes. The data sets are available for preheating mode, external air curtain mode and transparent insulation mode. The objective of this article is to provide the reader...... with all information about the experimental data and measurements, necessary to complete an independent empirical validation of any simulation tool. The article includes detailed information about the experimental apparatus, experimental principles and experimental full-scale test facility ‘The Cube...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Steinke, R.G.; Mueller, C.; Knight, T.D.
1998-03-01
The computational fluid dynamics code CFX4.2 was used to evaluate steady-state thermal-hydraulic conditions in the Fluor Daniel, Inc., Nuclear Material Storage Facility renovation design (initial 30% of Title 1). Thirteen facility cases were evaluated with varying temperature dependence, drywell-array heat-source magnitude and distribution, location of the inlet tower, and no-flow curtains in the drywell-array vault. Four cases of a detailed model of the inlet-tower top fixture were evaluated to show the effect of the canopy-cruciform fixture design on the air pressure and flow distributions
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Calculation of the electron trajectory for 200 kV self-shielded electron accelerator
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang Shuiqing
2000-01-01
In order to calculate the electron trajectory of 200 kV self-shielded electron accelerator, the electric field is calculated with a TRAJ program. In this program, following electron track mash points one by one, the electron beam trajectories are calculated. Knowing the effect of grid voltage on electron optics and gaining grid voltage focusing effect in the various energy grades, the authors have gained scientific basis for adjusting grid voltage, and also accumulated a wealth of experience for designing self-shielded electron accelerator or electron curtain in future
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Habitat Demonstration Unit Medical Operations Workstation Upgrades
Trageser, Katherine H.
2011-01-01
This paper provides an overview of the design and fabrication associated with upgrades for the Medical Operations Workstation in the Habitat Demonstration Unit. The work spanned a ten week period. The upgrades will be used during the 2011 Desert Research and Technology Studies (Desert RATS) field campaign. Upgrades include a deployable privacy curtain system, a deployable tray table, an easily accessible biological waste container, reorganization and labeling of the medical supplies, and installation of a retractable camera. All of the items were completed within the ten week period.
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Catalog of Audiovisual Productions. Volume 4. DoD Productions Cleared for Public Release
1984-06-01
PRINCIPLES OF (25712 IO) NUTRITION.THE FIRST YEARS OPERATION NO DECK TO STRUT UPON (30403 DA) (29859 DA) (25585 IR) NUWAX- B1 DOCUMENTARY • NUCLEAR...CHAMPIONSHIP. RACE TRACA; ARMY. NAVY AND AIR FORCE ENTATHLON ’ ’ ’ I R ISH UPSET I N LAST GAME’’ FOOTBALL TEAMS SHAPE UP FOR THE 19’ B1 ’IRON CURTAIN...STADIVM IN WASHINGTON. REPNRLICANS 49311-DA I&E SPORTIREEL CIIA*G FOR PE 11. WINl I TO 1. RUGBY IS PLAYED IN FLORENICE, 161K MOTION PICTURE, 020 NIH, 1957
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nelund, Sidsel
2012-01-01
. The contemplative, almost meditative film sequences contrast with the usual pictorial representations of China, and balance instead on the borderline between information and non-information. On the other side of the curtains a soundtrack can be heard, in which a voice talks about travel, ideas, films, deprivation......, longing and death. As the prepositions in the title suggest, the exhibition deals with the historical, medial and personal displacements that influence our understanding of both the world and ourselves. The fragmentation technique in the installation relates to the mechanisms of imagination...
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Evgenij Evtušenko: performer ideologico tra Est e Ovest
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Enza Dammiano
2015-11-01
Full Text Available Yevgeny Yevtushenko can be considered one of the most representative poets of the post-Stalin generation. As an interpreter of the cultural needs of the younger generations during the De-Stalinization and the Khrushchev era, Yevtushenko is placed on both sides of that curtain that divides the world into opposing blocs. The paper aims at investigating the deployment of Yevtushenko's poetry, with references to his autobiographical writings (Autobiografija, in particular and to its role of ideological performer and interpreter of the historical and cultural 'thaw'.
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The impacts of the opening of the border bettveen Czechia and Germany
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Joerg Maier
1993-12-01
Full Text Available The article discussed changes in the structure und quantity of transborder flows belween Czechia and Bavaria since the lifiing of the “Iron Curtain “ in 1989. In 1989 2.3 million passangers crossed the border, in 1992 over 35 million people have crossed it. In addition to tourist visits (shoping andsightseeing business travel has a steep incline. Cooperations among factories close to the border take place. An even more intensified cooperation is hiudered by the fact that theneighbouring countries are unawere of the language and culture of each other.
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Cascade geothermal drilling/corehole N-3
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Swanberg, C.A.
1988-07-19
Two core holes have been completed on the flanks of Newberry Volcano, Oregon. Core holes GEO N-1 has a heat flow of 180 mWm-2 reflecting subsurface temperature sufficient for commercial exploitation of geothermally generated electricity. GEO N-3, which has a heat flow of 86 mWm-2, is less encouraging. Considerable emphasis has been placed on the rain curtain'' effect with the hope that a detailed discussion of this phenomenon at two distinct localities will lead to a better understanding of the physical processes in operation. Core hole GEO N-1 was cored to a depth of 1387 m at a site located 9.3 km south of the center of the volcano. Core hole GEO N-3 was cored to a depth of 1220 m at a site located 12.6 km north of the center of the volcano. Both core holes penetrated interbedded pyroclastic lava flows and lithic tuffs ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite with basaltic andesite being the most common rock type. Potassium-argon age dates range up to 2 Ma. Difficult drilling conditions were encountered in both core holes at depths near the regional water table. Additionally, both core holes penetrate three distinct thermal regimes (isothermal (the rain curtain), transition, and conductive) each having its own unique features based on geophysical logs, fluid geochemistry, age dates, and rock alteration. Smectite alteration, which seems to control the results of surface geoelectrical studies, begins in the isothermal regime close to and perhaps associated with the regional water table.
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Experimental approaches to heavy ion fusion
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Obayashi, H.; Fujii-e, Y.; Yamaki, T.
1986-01-01
As a feasibility study on heavy-ion-beam induced inertial fusion (HIF) approach, a conceptual plant design called HIBLIC-I has been worked out since 1982. The characteristic features of this design are summarized. To experimentally confirm them and prove them at least in principle, considerations are made on possible experimental programs to give substantial information on these critical phenomena. In HIBLIC-I, an accelerator complex is adopted as driver system to provide 6 beams of 208 Pb +1 ions at 15 GeV, which will be simultaneously focussed on a single shell, three layered target. The target is designed to give an energy gain of 100, so that the total beam energy of 4 MJ with 160 TW power may release 400 MJ fusion energy. A reactor chamber is cylindrical with double-walled structure made of HT-9. There are three layers of liquid Li flow inside the reactor. The innermost layer forms a Li curtain which is effective to recover the residual cavity pressure. A thick upward flow serves as coolant and tritium breeder. Tritium will be recovered by yttrium gettering system. A driver system is operated at the repetition rate of 10 Hz and supplies beams for 10 reactor chambers. Then the plant yield of fusion power becomes 4000 MWt, corresponding a net electric output of 1.5 GW. Experimental programs related to HIBLIC-I is described and discussed, including those for heavy-ion-beam experiments and proposals for lithium curtain by electron beam to clarify the key phenomena in HIBLIC-I cavity. (Nogami, K.)
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The Italian National Guidelines for the fire safety of facades
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lamberto Mazziotti
2013-11-01
Full Text Available Traditionally, the facades' design buildings where once only focused on architectural or aesthetic purposes (in addition, of course, of whether protective issues. Nowadays, thanks to the technological development of the construction works and the use of new types of materials, the facades' design should also address fire safety related aspects. In Europe and especially in Italy – where the types of building façades are built with windows of small surface and natural stone coverings – the green building/sustainability movement has resulted in the development of new concepts in facade or curtain wall design that intended to enhance the energy efficiency of building façades. These new building surfaces are covered by extensive panelling fitted with insulating materials or by wide glass surfaces, capable of carry out the most diverse purposes including, just to name a few: energy reduction, climate comfort, recovery of electricity through photovoltaic panels that convert sunlight into electricity, large space for advertising purpose. One of the main fire safety goal for a building design is to restrict the vertical fire spread so that the smoke and flames are limited to the fire origin floor. The new building façade and curtain wall topologies could overwhelms concerns for fire safety, therefore the Italian National fire service has released a Fire Code Guideline in order to address the fire safety design for an high rise building façade. This paper aims to show the guideline contents and the related fire safety façades concerns.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Santos, William S.; Neves, Lucio P.; Perini, Ana P.; Caldas, Linda V.E., E-mail: wssantos@ipen.br, E-mail: lpneves@ipen.br, E-mail: aperini@ipen.br, E-mail: lcaldas@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Maia, Ana F., E-mail: afmaia@ufs.br [Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao, SE (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica
2014-07-01
Cardiac procedures are among the most common procedures in interventional radiology (IR), and can lead to high medical and occupational exposures, as in most cases are procedures complex and long lasting. In this work, conversion coefficients (CC) for the risk of cancer, normalized by kerma area product (KAP) to the patient, cardiologist and nurse were calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. The patient and the cardiologist were represented by anthropomorphic simulators MESH, and the nurse by anthropomorphic phantom FASH. Simulators were incorporated into the code of Monte Carlo MCNPX. Two scenarios were created: in the first (1), lead curtain and protective equipment suspended were not included, and in the second (2) these devices were inserted. The radiographic parameters employed in Monte Carlo simulations were: tube voltage of 60 kVp and 120 kVp; filtration of the beam and 3,5 mmAl beam area of 10 x 10 cm{sup 2}. The average values of CCs to eight projections (in 10{sup -4} / Gy.cm{sup 2} were 1,2 for the patient, 2,6E-03 (scenario 1) and 4,9E-04 (scenario 2) for cardiologist and 5,2E-04 (scenario 1) and 4,0E-04 (Scenario 2) to the nurse. The results show a significant reduction in CCs for professionals, when the lead curtain and protective equipment suspended are employed. The evaluation method used in this work can provide important information on the risk of cancer patient and professional, and thus improve the protection of workers in cardiac procedures of RI.
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Examining Chaotic Convection with Super-Parameterization Ensembles
Jones, Todd R.
This study investigates a variety of features present in a new configuration of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) variant, SP-CAM 2.0. The new configuration (multiple-parameterization-CAM, MP-CAM) changes the manner in which the super-parameterization (SP) concept represents physical tendency feedbacks to the large-scale by using the mean of 10 independent two-dimensional cloud-permitting model (CPM) curtains in each global model column instead of the conventional single CPM curtain. The climates of the SP and MP configurations are examined to investigate any significant differences caused by the application of convective physical tendencies that are more deterministic in nature, paying particular attention to extreme precipitation events and large-scale weather systems, such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). A number of small but significant changes in the mean state climate are uncovered, and it is found that the new formulation degrades MJO performance. Despite these deficiencies, the ensemble of possible realizations of convective states in the MP configuration allows for analysis of uncertainty in the small-scale solution, lending to examination of those weather regimes and physical mechanisms associated with strong, chaotic convection. Methods of quantifying precipitation predictability are explored, and use of the most reliable of these leads to the conclusion that poor precipitation predictability is most directly related to the proximity of the global climate model column state to atmospheric critical points. Secondarily, the predictability is tied to the availability of potential convective energy, the presence of mesoscale convective organization on the CPM grid, and the directive power of the large-scale.
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Lee, Ming-Tsung; Wu, Chih-Chiang; Ou, Chia-Yu; Chang, Jen-Chieh; Liu, Chieh-An; Wang, Chih-Lu; Chuang, Hau; Kuo, Ho-Chang; Hsu, Te-Yao; Chen, Chie-Pein; Yang, Kuender D
2017-02-14
Allergic diseases are thought to be inherited. Prevalence of allergic diseases has, however, increased dramatically in last decades, suggesting environmental causes for the development of allergic diseases. We studied risk factors associated with the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS) in children of non-atopic parents in a subtropical country. In a birth cohort of 1,497 newborns, parents were prenatally enrolled and validated for allergic diseases by questionnaire, physician-verified and total or specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels; 1,236 and 756 children, respectively, completed their 3-year and 6-year follow-up. Clinical examination, questionnaire, and blood samples for total and specific IgE of the children were collected at each follow-up visit. Prevalence of AD, AR and AS was, respectively, 8.2%, 30.8% and 12.4% in children of non-atopic parents. Prevalence of AR (pchildren of parents who were both atopic. A combination of Cesarean section (C/S) and breastfeeding for more than 1 month showed the highest risk for AD (OR=3.111, p=.006). Infants living in homes with curtains and no air filters had the highest risk for AR (OR=2.647, pparents living in homes without air filters had the highest risk for AS (OR=1.930, p=.039). Breastfeeding and C/S affect development of AD. Gender, use of curtains and/or air filters affect AR and AS, suggesting that control of the perinatal environment is necessary for the prevention of atopic diseases in children of non-atopic parents.
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Broad absorption line symbiotic stars: highly ionized species in the fast outflow from MWC 560
Lucy, Adrian B.; Knigge, Christian; Sokoloski, J. L.
2018-04-01
In symbiotic binaries, jets and disk winds may be integral to the physics of accretion onto white dwarfs from cool giants. The persistent outflow from symbiotic star MWC 560 (≡V694 Mon) is known to manifest as broad absorption lines (BALs), most prominently at the Balmer transitions. We report the detection of high-ionization BALs from C IV, Si IV, N V, and He II in International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra obtained on 1990 April 29 - 30, when an optical outburst temporarily erased the obscuring `iron curtain' of absorption troughs from Fe II and similar ions. The C IV and Si IV BALs reached maximum radial velocities at least 1000 km s-1 higher than contemporaneous Mg II and He II BALs; the same behaviors occur in the winds of quasars and cataclysmic variables. An iron curtain lifts to unveil high-ionization BALs during the P Cygni phase observed in some novae, suggesting by analogy a temporary switch in MWC 560 from persistent outflow to discrete mass ejection. At least three more symbiotic stars exhibit broad absorption with blue edges faster than 1500 km s-1; high-ionization BALs have been reported in AS 304 (≡V4018 Sgr), while transient Balmer BALs have been reported in Z And and CH Cyg. These BAL-producing fast outflows can have wider opening angles than has been previously supposed. BAL symbiotics are short-timescale laboratories for their giga-scale analogs, broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs), which display a similarly wide range of ionization states in their winds.
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Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget
Zona, Donatella; Gioli, Beniamino; Commane, Róisín; Lindaas, Jakob; Wofsy, Steven C.; Miller, Charles E.; Dinardo, Steven J.; Dengel, Sigrid; Sweeney, Colm; Karion, Anna; Chang, Rachel Y.-W.; Henderson, John M.; Murphy, Patrick C.; Goodrich, Jordan P.; Moreaux, Virginie; Liljedahl, Anna; Watts, Jennifer D.; Kimball, John S.; Lipson, David A.; Oechel, Walter C.
2016-01-01
Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are major global sources of methane (CH4); hence, it is important to understand the seasonal and climatic controls on CH4 emissions from these systems. Here, we report year-round CH4 emissions from Alaskan Arctic tundra eddy flux sites and regional fluxes derived from aircraft data. We find that emissions during the cold season (September to May) account for ≥50% of the annual CH4 flux, with the highest emissions from noninundated upland tundra. A major fraction of cold season emissions occur during the "zero curtain" period, when subsurface soil temperatures are poised near 0 °C. The zero curtain may persist longer than the growing season, and CH4 emissions are enhanced when the duration is extended by a deep thawed layer as can occur with thick snow cover. Regional scale fluxes of CH4 derived from aircraft data demonstrate the large spatial extent of late season CH4 emissions. Scaled to the circumpolar Arctic, cold season fluxes from tundra total 12 ± 5 (95% confidence interval) Tg CH4 y-1, ∼25% of global emissions from extratropical wetlands, or ∼6% of total global wetland methane emissions. The dominance of late-season emissions, sensitivity to soil environmental conditions, and importance of dry tundra are not currently simulated in most global climate models. Because Arctic warming disproportionally impacts the cold season, our results suggest that higher cold-season CH4 emissions will result from observed and predicted increases in snow thickness, active layer depth, and soil temperature, representing important positive feedbacks on climate warming.
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Designing fire safe interiors.
Belles, D W
1992-01-01
Any product that causes a fire to grow large is deficient in fire safety performance. A large fire in any building represents a serious hazard. Multiple-death fires almost always are linked to fires that grow quickly to a large size. Interior finishes have large, continuous surfaces over which fire can spread. They are regulated to slow initial fire growth, and must be qualified for use on the basis of fire tests. To obtain meaningful results, specimens must be representative of actual installation. Variables--such as the substrate, the adhesive, and product thickness and density--can affect product performance. The tunnel test may not adequately evaluate some products, such as foam plastics or textile wall coverings, thermoplastic materials, or materials of minimal mass. Where questions exist, products should be evaluated on a full-scale basis. Curtains and draperies are examples of products that ignite easily and spread flames readily. The present method for testing curtains and draperies evaluates one fabric at a time. Although a fabric tested alone may perform well, fabrics that meet test standards individually sometimes perform poorly when tested in combination. Contents and furnishings constitute the major fuels in many fires. Contents may involve paper products and other lightweight materials that are easily ignited and capable of fast fire growth. Similarly, a small source may ignite many items of furniture that are capable of sustained fire growth. Upholstered furniture can reach peak burning rates in less than 5 minutes. Furnishings have been associated with many multiple-death fires.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Santos, William S.; Neves, Lucio P.; Perini, Ana P.; Caldas, Linda V.E.; Maia, Ana F.
2014-01-01
Cardiac procedures are among the most common procedures in interventional radiology (IR), and can lead to high medical and occupational exposures, as in most cases are procedures complex and long lasting. In this work, conversion coefficients (CC) for the risk of cancer, normalized by kerma area product (KAP) to the patient, cardiologist and nurse were calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. The patient and the cardiologist were represented by anthropomorphic simulators MESH, and the nurse by anthropomorphic phantom FASH. Simulators were incorporated into the code of Monte Carlo MCNPX. Two scenarios were created: in the first (1), lead curtain and protective equipment suspended were not included, and in the second (2) these devices were inserted. The radiographic parameters employed in Monte Carlo simulations were: tube voltage of 60 kVp and 120 kVp; filtration of the beam and 3,5 mmAl beam area of 10 x 10 cm 2 . The average values of CCs to eight projections (in 10 -4 / Gy.cm 2 were 1,2 for the patient, 2,6E-03 (scenario 1) and 4,9E-04 (scenario 2) for cardiologist and 5,2E-04 (scenario 1) and 4,0E-04 (Scenario 2) to the nurse. The results show a significant reduction in CCs for professionals, when the lead curtain and protective equipment suspended are employed. The evaluation method used in this work can provide important information on the risk of cancer patient and professional, and thus improve the protection of workers in cardiac procedures of RI
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kajiwara, Natsuko; Noma, Yukio; Takigami, Hidetaka
2011-01-01
Highlights: → We examined the flame retardants in electronics, curtains, wallpaper and insulator. → Use of alternative brominated and organophosphate flame retardants was suggested. → All the products investigated also contained PBDEs, TBBPA and polybromophenols. → Incorporation of recycled materials containing hazardous substance was suggested. - Abstract: The concentrations of traditional brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in new consumer products, including electronic equipment, curtains, wallpaper, and building materials, on the Japanese market in 2008 were investigated. Although some components of the electronic equipment contained bromine at concentrations on the order of percent by weight, as indicated by X-ray fluorescence analysis, the bromine content could not be fully accounted for by the BFRs analyzed in this study, which included polybrominated diphenylethers, decabromodiphenyl ethane, tetrabromobisphenol A, polybromophenols, and hexabromocyclododecanes. These results suggest the use of alternative BFRs such as newly developed formulations derived from tribromophenol, tetrabromobisphenol A, or both. Among the 11 OPFRs analyzed, triphenylphosphate was present at the highest concentrations in all the products investigated, which suggests the use of condensed-type OPFRs as alternative flame retardants, because they contain triphenylphosphate as an impurity. Tripropylphosphate was not detected in any samples; and trimethylphosphate, tributyl tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate were detected in only some components and at low concentrations. Note that all the consumer products evaluated in this study also contained traditional BFRs in amounts that were inadequate to impart flame retardancy, which implies the incorporation of recycled plastic materials containing BFRs that are of global concern.
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Challenges to NATO’s Fifth Enlargement Round: Turkey’s Attitude towards Romanian’s Admission
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
İsmail Köse
2015-12-01
Full Text Available The relations between Romania – the only Latin nation in Balkan Peninsula, in a broader sense – and Turkey has a long history, which is traced back to the Ottoman period. These relations were relatively ceased during the Cold War. After the collapse of Soviet Union, a new era started for Turkish-Romanian relations. During the WWI, Tsarist Russia forced Romania to be its ally, in order to besiege Germany from South, and also to threat Austria. Its aim was intended to direct the Central Powers’ attacks to the Balkans, in order to keep the warfare away from the front lines and from the Russian heartland. Following the Tsarist pan-Slavist policy, the Bolshevist Russia designated Balkans territories as vital for its security and defence. At the first opportunity emerged after the WWII, Stalin had included those lands behind the Iron Curtain area. After a fairly lengthy period under the Iron Curtain, after 1989, Romania like other eastern European countries achieved its freedom, but post-Cold War attitude of Russia towards the Balkans has remained unchanged. This paper seeks to explore the post-Cold War policies of NATO and the Turkey’s attitude towards the enlargements of alliance. It focuses on the fifth round of enlargement, when Romania and other six Balkans and Baltic countries were invited to join the North Atlantic Alliance. In addition, it will insist on the role of Turkey in the enlargement process, and its firm support for Romania's accession to NATO.
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Vickery, K; Deva, A; Jacombs, A; Allan, J; Valente, P; Gosbell, I B
2012-01-01
Despite recent attention to surface cleaning and hand hygiene programmes, multiresistant organisms (MROs) continue to be isolated from the hospital environment. Biofilms, consisting of bacteria embedded in exopolymeric substances (EPS) are difficult to remove due to their increased resistance to detergents and disinfectants, and periodically release free-swimming planktonic bacteria back into the environment which may may act as an infection source. To establish whether reservoirs of MROs exist in the environment as biofilms. Following terminal cleaning, equipment and furnishings were removed aseptically from an intensive care unit (ICU) and subjected to culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Samples were placed in 5 mL of tryptone soya broth, sonicated for 5 min before plate culture on horse blood agar, Brillance MRSA and Brilliance VRE agar plates. Samples for SEM were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde and hexamethyldisilizane (HMDS) prior to sputter-coating with gold and examination in an electron microscope. Biofilm was demonstrated visually on the sterile supply bucket, the opaque plastic door, the venetian blind cord, and the sink rubber, whereas EPS alone was seen on the curtain. Viable bacteria were grown from three samples, including MRSA from the venetian blind cord and the curtain. Biofilm containing MROs persist on clinical surfaces from an ICU despite terminal cleaning, suggesting that current cleaning practices are inadequate to control biofilm development. The presence of MROs being protected within these biofilms may be the mechanism by which MROs persist within the hospital environment. Copyright © 2011 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Northeast fish. Something like tracing straight lines.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Christian Florian
2009-06-01
Full Text Available This article/interview with Marzio Perin (Permasteelisa Group investigates the cause-effect relations between the adoption of cutting-edge digital tools and the positive achievements in design, project management and construction of architectural envelopes complex geometries. It is the case, for example, of the Gehry Partners Barcelona Olympic Fish, first “digital project” of the american firm and first of several collaborations with the Permasteelisa group, world leader in Curtain wall projects. The article discusses the various aspects of the construction of a complex envelope: from design coordination, to production, installation and maintenance.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
1984-01-01
Electron beam hardening is a process for changing liquid surface coatings of different thicknesses by irradiation with electrons of high energy into solid, hard, elastic films. In contrast to the UV process, one can harden pigmented paints with electron beams. An electron accelerator, which remits free electrons is used as the energy source for starting the chemical reaction in the coating material. In order to irradiate flat parts, which were coated with liquid paint by rolling, pouring or spraying, equally with electrons, one must produce an electron curtain, similar to that in a paint pouring machine.
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The application and processing of paints hardened by electron beams
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1984-01-01
Electron beam hardening is a process for changing liquid surface coatings of different thicknesses by irradiation with electrons of high energy into solid, hard, elastic films. In contrast to the UV process, one can harden pigmented paints with electron beams. An electron accelerator, which remits free electrons is used as the energy source for starting the chemical reaction in the coating material. In order to irradiate flat parts, which were coated with liquid paint by rolling, pouring or spraying, equally with electrons, one must produce an 'electron curtain', similar to that in a paint pouring machine. (orig./PW) [de
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Alonso, J.R.; Howard, J.; Criswell, T.
1979-03-01
Patient Treatment Room at the Bevalac is now in full operation. In the design of this facility, emphasis has been placed on creating an atmosphere appropriate to a clinical facility; the usual features of an irradiation cave have been hidden behind carpets, curtains and paint. Patient positioning is done with a Philips Ram-style couch, with additional fixtures to accommodate a patient in the seated or standing, as well as the supine, position. Dosimetry apparatus, collimators, ion chambers and the beam flattening system used to produce the highly uniform 20 cm diameter therapy field are described
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Fire extinguishing system in large underground garages
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ivan Antonov
2017-04-01
Full Text Available In the work is considered an acceptable constructive scheme from a practical point of view at fire extinguishing in underground garages. The garage space is divided into quadrants which covering, for example, 2 cars. In case of ignition on one of them, a sprinkler nozzle system is triggered by the effect of the vertical convective jet. A protective curtain preventing the spread of fire to adjacent vehicles is realized. The solution is based on an integrated method which allows the calculation from hydrodynamic point of view on extinguishing time of the fire extinguishing system.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alonso, J.R.; Howard, J.; Criswell, T.
1979-03-01
Patient Treatment Room at the Bevalac is now in full operation. In the design of this facility, emphasis has been placed on creating an atmosphere appropriate to a clinical facility; the usual features of an irradiation cave have been hidden behind carpets, curtains and paint. Patient positioning is done with a Philips Ram-style couch, with additional fixtures to accommodate a patient in the seated or standing, as well as the supine, position. Dosimetry apparatus, collimators, ion chambers and the beam flattening system used to produce the highly uniform 20 cm diameter therapy field are described.
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Smart window using a thermally and optically switchable liquid crystal cell
Oh, Seung-Won; Kim, Sang-Hyeok; Baek, Jong-Min; Yoon, Tae-Hoon
2018-02-01
Light shutter technologies that can control optical transparency have been studied extensively for developing curtain-free smart windows. We introduce thermally and optically switchable light shutters using LCs doped with push-pull azobenzene, which is known to speed up thermal relaxation. The liquid crystal light shutter can be switched between translucent and transparent states or transparent and opaque states by phase transition through changing temperature or photo-isomerization of doped azobenzene. The liquid crystal light shutter can be used for privacy windows with an initial translucent state or energy-saving windows with an initial transparent state.
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Dust removal system for fusion experimental reactors
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Onozuka, M.; Ueda, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Oda, Y.; Seki, Y.; Ueda, S.; Aoki, I.
1995-01-01
Development of a dust removal system using static electricity has been conducted. It is envisioned that the system can collect and transport dust under vacuum. In the system, the dust is charged by dielectric polarization and floated by an electrostatic attraction force that is generated by the DC electric field. The dust is then transported by the electric curtain formed by the three-phase AC electric field. Experimental investigation has been conducted to examine the characteristics of the system. Current research results indicate that the dust removal system using static electricity can be used for fusion experimental reactors
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Dust removal system for fusion experimental reactors
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Onozuka, M.; Ueda, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Oda, Y. [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Yokohama (Japan); Seki, Y.; Ueda, S.; Aoki, I. [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Naka, Ibaraki (Japan)
1995-12-31
Development of a dust removal system using static electricity has been conducted. It is envisioned that the system can collect and transport dust under vacuum. In the system, the dust is charged by dielectric polarization and floated by an electrostatic attraction force that is generated by the DC electric field. The dust is then transported by the electric curtain formed by the three-phase AC electric field. Experimental investigation has been conducted to examine the characteristics of the system. Current research results indicate that the dust removal system using static electricity can be used for fusion experimental reactors.
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Erreygers, Guido; Van Ourti, Tom
2011-07-01
The tools to be used and other choices to be made when measuring socioeconomic inequalities with rank-dependent inequality indices have recently been debated in this journal. This paper adds to this debate by stressing the importance of the measurement scale, by providing formal proofs of several issues in the debate, and by lifting the curtain on the confusing debate between adherents of absolute versus relative health differences. We end this paper with a 'matrix' that provides guidelines on the usefulness of several rank-dependent inequality indices under varying circumstances. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sowerby, Alwyn; Emmett, Bridget A.; Tietema, Albert
2008-01-01
storage. To test the importance of drought, and more importantly repeated drought year-on-year, we used automated retractable curtains to exclude rain and produce repeated summer drought in three heathlands at varying moisture conditions. This included a hydric system limited by water-excess (in the UK...... and DK sites during the winter re-wetting period that indicates any change in soil C storage due to changes in soil C efflux may be short lived in these mesic systems. In contrast, in the hydric UK site after 2 years of drought treatment, the persistent reduction in soil moisture throughout the year...
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“Abstractive description” of land registration system based on the theory of “public confidence”
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nasrini Tabatabai Hesari
2014-10-01
Full Text Available the system of land registration is protective formalism that is formed based on the theory of “public confidence”. This theory presumes that what reflected by the land registration offices is based on the legal fact. This theory, which provides legal stability and security in transactions, is manifested in three guiding principles including “mirror principle”, “curtain principle” and “insurance principle”, and offers an “abstractive description” to a land registration system. This character has different effects on diverse legal systems and can be studied for both positive and negative systems.
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Data Analysis Trumps Specialist Advice: How Direct Banks Function
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Skiera Bernd
2016-11-01
Full Text Available Low interest rates and sluggish economic growth are not exactly ideal conditions for the financial services industry. Almost daily we are confronted with reports of inadequate capital bases, declining earnings, and layoffs at banks. But while many traditional retail banks are struggling with a business downturn, the direct bank market is enjoying steady and respectable growth despite a challenging environment. Dr. Schmidberger, Fully Authorized Representative at ING-DiBa Germany, offers us a glimpse behind the curtains of this direct bank. We will learn how data technology is used so that bank customers are (more satisfied.
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Trumpeting through the iron curtain: The breakthrough of jazz in socialist Yugoslavia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vučetić Radina
2012-01-01
Full Text Available During the Cold War, jazz became a powerful propaganda weapon in the battle for “hearts and minds”. As early as the 1950s, the American administration began its Cold War “jazz campaign”, by broadcasting the popular jazz radio show Music USA over the Voice of America, and by sending its top jazz artists on world tours. In this specific cultural Cold War, Yugoslavia was, as in its overall politics, in a specific position between the East and the West. The postwar period in Yugoslavia, following the establishment of the new (socialist government, was characterized by strong resistance towards jazz as “decadent” music, until 1948 when “no” to Stalin became “yes” to jazz. From the 1950s, jazz entered Yugoslav institutions and media, and during the following two decades, completely conquered the radio, TV, and record industry, as well as the manifestations such as the Youth Day. On account of the openness of the regime during the 1950s and 1960s, Yugoslavia was frequently visited by the greatest jazz stars, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald. In the context of the Cold War, the promotion of jazz in Yugoslavia proved to be beneficial for both sides - by exporting jazz, America also exported its freedom, culture and system of values, while Yugoslavia showed the West to what extent its political system was open and liberal, at least concerning this type of music.
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Behind the curtain: cellular mechanisms for allosteric modulation of calcium-sensing receptors
Cavanaugh, Alice; Huang, Ying; Breitwieser, Gerda E
2012-01-01
Calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) are integral to regulation of systemic Ca2+ homeostasis. Altered expression levels or mutations in CaSR cause Ca2+ handling diseases. CaSR is regulated by both endogenous allosteric modulators and allosteric drugs, including the first Food and Drug Administration-approved allosteric agonist, Cinacalcet HCl (Sensipar®). Recent studies suggest that allosteric modulators not only alter function of plasma membrane-localized CaSR, but regulate CaSR stability at the endoplasmic reticulum. This brief review summarizes our current understanding of the role of membrane-permeant allosteric agonists in cotranslational stabilization of CaSR, and highlights additional, indirect, signalling-dependent role(s) for membrane-impermeant allosteric drugs. Overall, these studies suggest that allosteric drugs act at multiple cellular organelles to control receptor abundance and hence function, and that drug hydrophobicity can bias the relative contributions of plasma membrane and intracellular organelles to CaSR abundance and signalling. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on the Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-6. To view the 2010 themed section on the same topic visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.2010.159.issue-5/issuetoc PMID:21470201
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Trumpeting through the iron curtain: The breakthrough of jazz in socialist Yugoslavia
Vučetić Radina
2012-01-01
During the Cold War, jazz became a powerful propaganda weapon in the battle for “hearts and minds”. As early as the 1950s, the American administration began its Cold War “jazz campaign”, by broadcasting the popular jazz radio show Music USA over the Voice of America, and by sending its top jazz artists on world tours. In this specific cultural Cold War, Yugoslavia was, as in its overall politics, in a specific position between the East and the West. The pos...
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Data exchanges behind the curtain: the case of news apps for smartphones
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kammer, Aske
2017-01-01
constitutes a component of various media firms’ web-based business models (Bechmann, Bilgrav-Nielsen & Jensen, 2016; Evens & Van Damme, 2016; Gerlitz & Helmond, 2013; Lindskow, 2016), suggesting that a more complex theoretical model for understanding media economics in the digital age is needed. This paper...... and their business models as well as audiences and their privacy. In a media business that is increasingly digital and will be even more so in the future, the role of third-party actors and the implications of their presence will continue to be subjected to closer scrutiny.......The news media have traditionally operated in a two-sided market model (Picard, 2002), exchanging journalistic content for money from audiences and the same audiences’ attention for money from advertisers. In the digital age, however, the entrance of a body of new actors means that a new type...
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LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease ? drawing the curtain of penetrance: a commentary
Kr?ger, Rejko
2008-01-01
Abstract Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and affects about 2% of the population over the age of 60 years. In 2004, mutations in the LRRK2 gene were first described and turned out to be the most frequent genetic cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease and may account for up to 40% of patients in distinct populations. Based on these findings, Latourelle and colleagues show that the penetrance of the most common LRRK2 mutation is higher in pa...
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'Drawing aside the curtain': natural childbirth on screen in 1950s Britain.
Al-Gailani, Salim
2017-09-01
This article recovers the importance of film, and its relations to other media, in communicating the philosophies and methods of 'natural childbirth' in the post-war period. It focuses on an educational film made in South Africa around 1950 by controversial British physician Grantly Dick-Read, who had achieved international fame with bestselling books arguing that relaxation and education, not drugs, were the keys to freeing women from pain in childbirth. But he soon came to regard the 'vivid' medium of film as a more effective means of disseminating the 'truth of [his] mission' to audiences who might never have read his books. I reconstruct the history of a film that played a vital role in teaching Dick-Read's method to both the medical profession and the first generation of Western women to express their dissatisfaction with highly drugged, hospitalized maternity care. The article explains why advocates of natural childbirth such as Dick-Read became convinced of the value of film as a tool for recruiting supporters and discrediting rivals. Along the way, it offers insight into the British medical film industry and the challenges associated with producing, distributing and screening a depiction of birth considered unusually graphic for the time.
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Cascade geothermal drilling/corehole N-1
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Swanberg, C.A.; Combs, J. (Geothermal Resources International, Inc., San Mateo, CA (USA)); Walkey, W.C. (GEO Operator Corp., Bend, OR (USA))
1988-07-19
Two core holes have been completed on the flanks of Newberry Volcano, Oregon. Core hole GEO N-1 has a heat flow of 180 mWm-2 reflecting subsurface temperature sufficient for commerical exploitation of geothermally generated electricity. GEO N-3, which has a heat flow of 86 mWm-2, is less encouraging. Considerable emphasis has been placed on the ''rain curtain'' effect with the hope that a detailed discussion of this phenomenon at two distinct localities will lead to a better understanding of the physical processes in operation. Core hole GEO N-1 was cored to a depth of 1387 m at a site located 9.3 km south of the center of the volcano. Core hole GEO N-3 was cored to a depth of 1220 m at a site located 12.6 km north of the center of the volcano. Both core holes penetrated interbedded pyroclastic lava flows and lithic tuffs ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite with basaltic andesite being the most common rock type. Potassium-argon age dates range up to 2 Ma. Difficult drilling conditions were encountered in both core holes at depths near the regional water table. Additionally, both core holes penetrate three distinct thermal regimes (isothermal (the rain curtain), transition, and conductive) each having its own unique features based on geophysical logs, fluid geochemistry, age dates, and rock alteration. Smectite alteration, which seems to control the results of surface geoelectrical studies, begins in the isothermal regime close to and perhaps associated with the regional water table. 28 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.
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Apparatus for x-ray inspection of components
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Young, D.C.; Davis, M.
1981-01-01
An x-ray inspection chamber has an access opening closable by doors, with a fail-safe optoelectronic system providing a light curtain across the access opening to sense the presence of an object such as an operator's arm in the opening. An adjustable table for supporting a component provides an infinitely variable film focal distance between the x-ray head and the component. A warning light is energised during a predetermined delay period before the head becomes operative after activation of a switch by the operator and the adjustment of the table and closure of the doors takes place during the delay period. (author)
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gonzalez J, J.C.; Lopez V, H.
2003-01-01
The feasibility study considers the existent information on several irradiation procedures (irradiation type 'curtain', 'aerosol', 'fountain' and 'horizontal') and with commercially available accelerators. It was analyzed the economic feasibility of several proposals of teams and irradiation type, obtaining of each one of these, the corresponding information to the cost of initial investment, expenses of annual operation and revenues, the financial indicators of range cost-benefit were also calculated, return of investment, whose values qualified the viability of each proposal, choosing the irradiation in flow type 'aerosol' with an electron accelerator with power of 500 k W, the financial feasibility presents the revenues and expenditures during the life of the project. (Author)
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The CERN-JINR Joint Physics Schools Exhibition Science Bringing Nations Together
1997-01-01
Since 1970, CERN and JINR have been holding joint Schools of Physics attended by young scientists from many countries of the world. Here they not only learn the latest ideas in elementary particle physics but also become involved in a process that leads to better mutual understanding and rapprochement of people from different countries. Such schools may seem natural natural now, but long before the Berlin Wall and the Iron Curtain collapsed, they provided a unique opportunity for contact between young people from countries with different political systems. This long-standing co-operation between CERN and JINR helps to bridge the gap between East and West and stabilize the political situation.
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The CERN-JINR Joint Physics Schools Exhibition Science Bringing Nations Together
1999-01-01
Since 1970, CERN and JINR have been holding joint Schools of Physics attended by young scientists from many countries of the world. Here they not only learn the latest ideas in elementary particle physics but also become involved in a process that leads to better mutual understanding and rapprochement of people from different countries. Such schools may seem natural now, but long before the Berlin Wall and the Iron Curtain collapsed, they provided a unique opportunity for contact between young people from countries with different political systems. This long-standing co-operation between CERN and JINR helps to bridge the gap between East and West and stabilize the political situation.
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The Moscow economic conference of April 1952: a tactical manoeuvre or a new strategy of USSR?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Михаил Аркадьевич Липкин
2010-06-01
Full Text Available In the article analyzes the prehistory, history and the meaning of a large soviet international action - the Moscow economic conference in April 1952. With a use of new evidences from the Russian state archive of social and political history the author argues that the Conference was not just a reaction to the Marshall Plan and Shuman Plan in Western Europe. It was the first attempt to open the iron curtain and change the logic of international relations towards peaceful coexistence. The Conference turned into quite unusual for the period of late Stalin's rule nursery for fresh ideas used in full by USSR later in 1950-1970s.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zub (Rudenko N.
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Official’s biography is primarily a statement of the positions he occupied and functional solutions he made. D. H. Bibikov’s personality is known to the public mostly as one of the governor-general of Kyiv, Volyn and Podillia. In the paper, the researchers have also mentioned his military exploits and work at leading positions. However, the details and specifics of family relationship, closely intertwined with the events in the country, remain hidden behind the curtain of the history. The Bibikov family generations’ participation in the military-political confrontations in the Caucasus is one of such occurrences that became known thanks to the research into their epistolary heritage
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Anne Brewster
2013-09-01
Full Text Available the house with the light burns all night. it seems to be empty: she never hears or sees anyone coming in or out of the door. she never sees anyone through the window—not even a flicker of movement. but every night the light is on and it stays on. the curtain is drawn so she has no idea of the occupants. but one day she notices that the blinds are up and the window open. she is looking onto a large bed with bright red cushions. that is the first and last she sees of the room. she hears months later that the husband had died.
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Rzesnitzek, Lara
2013-01-01
The English term "early psychosis" was coined in the 1930s to refer to feelings of irritability, loss of concentration, hypochondriac ideas, moodiness, and lassitude that were seen to precede the onset of clear-cut hallucinations and delusions. The history of thinking about "early psychosis" under names such as "latent," "masked," "mild," "simple" or "sluggish" schizophrenia before World War II and afterwards on the different sides of the Wall and the Iron Curtain reveals "early psychosis" as a mirror of quite aged international biologist controversies that are still alive today and to the same extent as they are misunderstood, are influential in their implications in today's psychiatry.
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The Microwave Temperature Profiler (PERF)
Lim, Boon; Mahoney, Michael; Haggerty, Julie; Denning, Richard
2013-01-01
The JPL developed Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) has recently participated in GloPac, HIPPO (I to V) and TORERO, and the ongoing ATTREX campaigns. The MTP is now capable of supporting the NASA Global Hawk and a new canister version supports the NCAR G-V. The primary product from the MTP is remote measurements of the atmospheric temperature at, above and below the flight path, providing for the vertical state of the atmosphere. The NCAR-MTP has demonstrated unprecedented instrument performance and calibration with plus or minus 0.2 degrees Kelvin flight level temperature error. Derived products include curtain plots, isentropes, lapse rate, cold point height and tropopause height.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Seifert Junior, Carlos Alberto; Walter, Tatiana; Nicolodi, Joao Luis [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), RS (Brazil)
2012-07-01
It is not possible to state that Brazil is unprepared to respond oil incidents emergencies, in Coastal Zone, Continental Shelf and EEZ oil E and P, without an analysis with clear premises. First, we need to understand the context that lays this question, which it is not limited in the National Contingency Plan, as lately evidenced in media. Thus, we note that Brazil has a complex political and legal arrangements targeted to oil incidents prevention and control. In this context, comes this paper, in order to reveal this curtain, listing actors, legislation and other aspects that underlie the public policy governance in reference. (author)
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MEPR versus EEPR valves in open supermarket refrigerated display cabinets
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tahir, A.; Bansal, P.K.
2005-01-01
This paper presents the comparative experimental field performance of mechanical evaporator pressure regulating valves (MEPR) and electronic evaporator pressure regulating valves (EEPR) under the identical operating conditions of supermarket open multi-deck refrigerated display cabinets. The main goal of the supermarket refrigeration system design is to keep the displayed product at the required constant temperature, while minimising the cooling load to increase the overall energy efficiency of the system. Field tests have shown that the electronic evaporator pressure valve has a significant effect on improving the cabinet temperature and reducing the rate of frost formation on the evaporator coils with subsequent improvements in the air curtain strength
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Application of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement in Exhibition Decoration Project
Wang, Yao
2018-02-01
Through the study of GRC material and its application field, the aesthetic characteristics and functional characteristics of GRC materials are demonstrated. The decorative application and technology of GRC material in an art exhibition center are highlighted. The design, application and construction technology of GRC curtain wall and ceiling board in the interior and exterior decoration of art exhibition hall are discussed in detail. The unique advantages of GRC materials in exhibition engineering decoration are fully reflected. In practical design application, the application principle and method are summarized, and an application procedure is formed. The research proves that GRC materials in the art of building decoration engineering has an underrated advantage.
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Femtosecond laser interaction with protection materials
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Martin, S.; Krueger, J.; Hertwig, A.; Fiedler, A.; Kautek, W
2003-03-15
Textile, aluminium and polyethylene used as components in laser protection curtains were investigated with respect to their ablation behaviour. Employing 33-fs pulses (800 nm wavelength, 1 kHz repetition rate), ex situ geometrical measurements of the ablation cavities and in situ acoustic investigations with a microphone were performed to determine the ablation thresholds in the single- and multi-pulse cases. The acoustical method proved advantageous for complex surface morphologies and/or single laser pulse interactions. Incubation phenomena can be observed for all the materials studied. Technically relevant multi-pulse ablation thresholds are presented and are compared with the single-pulse (1-on-1) irradiation.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kinga S. Bloch
2013-06-01
Full Text Available This paper analyses how the relationship of the Polish audience to a series from the 1970s, Czterdziestolatek (The Fourty-Year Old evolved during socialism and after the Fall of the Iron Curtain. Contemporary reactions to the original series and a new season that was produced in the early 1990s are compared to nostalgic recollections and memories of the programme in later periods. The study discusses how the Polish audience uses the programme as a historical document today and whether there is a generational difference in the perception of the audiovisual interpretation of Polish everyday life in the 1970s.
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Design of smart home terminal controller based on ZigBee
Li, Biqing; Li, Zhao; Zhang, Hongyan
2018-04-01
With the development in scienc and technology, and the improvement of living conditions, people pay more and more attention to the comfort of household life. Therefore, smart home has become the development trend of the future furniture. This design is composed of three blocks: transmitting module, receiving module and data acquisition module. ZigBee and STC89C52 belong to launch module as well as belong to receive module. Launch module contains ZigBee, serial communication module and monolithic STC89C52. The receiving module contains light control parts, curtain control part, ZigBee and microcontroller STC89C52. Data acquisition module includes temperature and humidity detection.
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Theoretical model for the UV disinfection system in the operating ward of PZU 'Filip Vtori'
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ilkov, Marjan
2010-01-01
Here we investigate the theoretical modeling of an UV disinfection system for the operating ward in PZU 'FILIP VTORI'. As nocosomial infections pose a serious threat to patients everywhere in the world, here the disinfection of the air and the surfaces is modeled and discussed. The surfaces are disinfected with direct illumination of open UV after hours system, UV curtains, overhead disinfection, floor disinfection and disinfection of the incoming air through the ventilation/air-condition system. From the results it can be seen that the concentrations of bacteria, fungi and viruses drop significantly which in turn should give a significant drop in a number of hospital acquired infections.(Author)
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Stanway, Alicia R.; Bordia, Sarbari; Fein, Erich C.
2013-01-01
The current study takes an exploratory approach to investigate which situational factors influence perceptions of psychological contracts, as well as the content that comprises psychological contracts in the dance training industry. Semi-structured interviews ("n"?=?10) were conducted with students enrolled in a higher education…
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DIGITAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP DATABASE, McCURTAIN COUNTY, OKLAHOMA AND INCORPORATED AREAS
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk...
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The former Iron Curtain still drives biodiversity-profit trade-offs in German agriculture.
Batáry, Péter; Gallé, Róbert; Riesch, Friederike; Fischer, Christina; Dormann, Carsten F; Mußhoff, Oliver; Császár, Péter; Fusaro, Silvia; Gayer, Christoph; Happe, Anne-Kathrin; Kurucz, Kornélia; Molnár, Dorottya; Rösch, Verena; Wietzke, Alexander; Tscharntke, Teja
2017-09-01
Agricultural intensification drives biodiversity loss and shapes farmers' profit, but the role of legacy effects and detailed quantification of ecological-economic trade-offs are largely unknown. In Europe during the 1950s, the Eastern communist bloc switched to large-scale farming by forced collectivization of small farms, while the West kept small-scale private farming. Here we show that large-scale agriculture in East Germany reduced biodiversity, which has been maintained in West Germany due to >70% longer field edges than those in the East. In contrast, profit per farmland area in the East was 50% higher than that in the West, despite similar yield levels. In both regions, switching from conventional to organic farming increased biodiversity and halved yield levels, but doubled farmers' profits. In conclusion, European Union policy should acknowledge the surprisingly high biodiversity benefits of small-scale agriculture, which are on a par with conversion to organic agriculture.
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American Higher Education: Behind the Emerald City's Curtain. Hudson Briefing Paper, No. 188.
Finn, Chester E., Jr.; Manno, Bruno V.
During the last 50 years, American higher education has steadily grown in scale, wealth, and, stature. Despite its current status as the world's education superpower, however, it has begun to encounter public disapproval and consumer resistance. Colleges and universities have been able to ignore productivity concerns because a college education…
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LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease – drawing the curtain of penetrance: a commentary
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Krüger Rejko
2008-11-01
Full Text Available Abstract Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and affects about 2% of the population over the age of 60 years. In 2004, mutations in the LRRK2 gene were first described and turned out to be the most frequent genetic cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease and may account for up to 40% of patients in distinct populations. Based on these findings, Latourelle and colleagues show that the penetrance of the most common LRRK2 mutation is higher in patients with familial compared with sporadic Parkinson's disease and identified a substantial number of affected relatives of mutation carriers not presenting with a LRRK2 mutation themselves. This commentary discusses the role of genetic and/or environmental susceptibility factors modulating the expressivity of the disease trait, how these factors may contribute to the phenomenon of phenocopies in genetically defined Parkinson's disease pedigrees, and how the findings of Latourelle and colleagues, published this month in BMC Medicine, relate to current concepts of genetic counselling.
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Behind the curtain of tauopathy: a show of multiple players orchestrating tau toxicity.
Huang, Yunpeng; Wu, Zhihao; Zhou, Bing
2016-01-01
tau, a microtubule-associated protein, directly binds with microtubules to dynamically regulate the organization of cellular cytoskeletons, and is especially abundant in neurons of the central nervous system. Under disease conditions such as Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, frontotemporal dementia, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 and Alzheimer's disease, tau proteins can self-assemble to paired helical filaments progressing to neurofibrillary tangles. In these diseases, collectively referred to as "tauopathies", alterations of diverse tau modifications including phosphorylation, metal ion binding, glycosylation, as well as structural changes of tau proteins have all been observed, indicating the complexity and variability of factors in the regulation of tau toxicity. Here, we review our current knowledge and hypotheses from relevant studies on tau toxicity, emphasizing the roles of phosphorylations, metal ions, folding and clearance control underlining tau etiology and their regulations. A summary of clinical efforts and associated findings of drug candidates under development is also presented. It is hoped that a more comprehensive understanding of tau regulation will provide us with a better blueprint of tau networking in neuronal cells and offer hints for the design of more efficient strategies to tackle tau-related diseases in the future.
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USING A GERMICIDAL INSTALLATION TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AT A POULTRY FARM
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
T. L. Mayorova
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Aim. The aim is to study the effect of bactericidal installation in combination with a device for creating a water curtain on the microclimate in the poultry house and environment. Methods. Epizootic research was carried out according to "epizootic methodology", FGI «Federal Centre for Animal Health» (FGI «ARRIAH». Gas composition of air was investigated by means of universal gas-analyzer (UG-2; the content of carbon dioxide was measured by Subbotin-Nagorskiy titrimetric method; the amount of dust in the air was measured by a gravimetric (weight method. Air humidity was calculated by means of August statistical psychrometer. Evaluation of the microbial contamination of air was carried out using the Krotov’s device. Results. The performed studies before and after the air bactericidal purification in a poultry farm showed a reduction of carbon dioxide and ammonia by 2-2.5 times, the total microbial contamination of air by 1.9 times and the dust by 4.3 times. We found a direct link between the increases in the amount of microbial bodies of air depending on the age of the bird. Thus, after air-cleaning in the poultry house room where they kept 15-d-old chicks, we calculated 5 thousand microbial cells per one m3 found (E.coli, and at the age of 45 days, the level of contamination reached 11 thousand microbial bodies. Conclusion. Research in the poultry house reveals that using bactericidal installation paired with water curtain device can significantly reduce the concentration of gases, dust and microorganisms in the air of the house and decrease the release into the environment, which will undoubtedly have an impact on the ecological situation of the environment, animal and human health.
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Groten, Joel T.; Ellison, Christopher A.; Mahoney, Mollie H.
2016-06-30
Excess sediment in rivers and estuaries poses serious environmental and economic challenges. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) routinely dredges sediment in Federal navigation channels to maintain commercial shipping operations. The USACE initiated a 3-year pilot project in 2013 to use navigation channel dredged material to aid in restoration of shoreline habitat in the 21st Avenue West Channel Embayment of the Duluth-Superior Harbor. Placing dredged material in the 21st Avenue West Channel Embayment supports the restoration of shallow bay aquatic habitat aiding in the delisting of the St. Louis River Estuary Area of Concern.The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the USACE, collected turbidity and suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) in 2014 and 2015 to measure the horizontal and vertical distribution of SSCs during placement operations of dredged materials. These data were collected to help the USACE evaluate the use of several best management practices, including various dredge material placement techniques and a silt curtain, to mitigate the dispersion of suspended sediment.Three-dimensional visualization maps are a valuable tool for assessing the spatial displacement of SSCs. Data collection was designed to coincide with four dredged placement configurations that included periods with and without a silt curtain as well as before and after placement of dredged materials. Approximately 230 SSC samples and corresponding turbidity values collected in 2014 and 2015 were used to develop a simple linear regression model between SSC and turbidity. Using the simple linear regression model, SSCs were estimated for approximately 3,000 turbidity values at approximately 100 sampling sites in the 21st Avenue West Channel Embayment of the Duluth-Superior Harbor. The estimated SSCs served as input for development of 12 three-dimensional visualization maps.
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In Situ Remediation Integrated Program: Evaluation and assessment of containment technology
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gerber, M.A.; Fayer, M.J.
1994-06-01
Containment technology refers to a broad range of methods that are used to contain waste or contaminated groundwater and to keep uncontaminated water from entering a waste site. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Technology Development has instituted the In Situ Remediation Integrated Program (ISRIP) to advance the state-of-the-art of innovative technologies that contain or treat, in situ, contaminated media such as soil and groundwater, to the point of demonstration and to broaden the applicability of these technologies to the widely varying site remediation requirements throughout the DOE complex. The information provided here is an overview of the state-of-the-art of containment technology and includes a discussion of ongoing development projects; identifies the technical gaps; discusses the priorities for resolution of the technical gaps; and identifies the site parameters affecting the application of a specific containment method. The containment technology described in this document cover surface caps; vertical barriers such as slurry walls, grout curtains, sheet pilings, frozen soil barriers, and vitrified barriers; horizontal barriers; sorbent barriers; and gravel layers/curtains. Within DOE, containment technology could be used to prevent water infiltration into buried waste; to provide for long-term containment of pits, trenches, and buried waste sites; for the interim containment of leaking underground storage tanks and piping; for the removal of contaminants from groundwater to prevent contamination from migrating off-site; and as an interim measure to prevent the further migration of contamination during the application of an in situ treatment technology such as soil flushing. The ultimate goal is the implementation of containment technology at DOE sites as a cost-effective, efficient, and safe choice for environmental remediation and restoration activities
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TED 2013: The Young. The Wise. The Undiscovered.
2013-01-01
Select live sessions of Disrupt! and Dream! from TED 2013 (Technology, Education, Design) taking place in Long Beach, Florida will be screened in CERN’s Main Auditorium on 27 February, at 17:30 and 20:00. The event, organised by TEDxCERN, is a curtain raiser for the TEDxCERN talks scheduled for 3 May on the theme "Multiplying Dimensions". The TEDxCERN May event reaches beyond particle physics to provide a stage for the expression of science in multiple dimensions and disciplines, unveiling a world in which physics intersects with other multi-dimensional disciplines and thought. TEDxCERN team is looking for volunteers. If you are interested, please e-mail us at info@tedxcern.com.
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Nuclear energy: debates and realities
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Barre, B.
2011-01-01
After 20 years of slow growth, the civil nuclear industry had started to strongly develop as a response to increasing oil scarcity and to the climate change threat. The Fukushima Daiichi accident has invited us to look at this energy source in a new light. In this new context, this book lifts the curtain on all scientifical, ecological or geopolitical aspects of a sector which make people fantasize about but which remains in reality poorly known. Without hiding the hot topics, like the problems of waste management and of nuclear accidents, the author makes the demonstration that the salvation of the Earth and of its climate involves with no doubt to resort to nuclear energy. (J.S.)
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History of the idea of a European electric power system. project, advancement, continuation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lagendijk, Vincent
2008-01-01
Creating a European electrical network is an idea originating from the inter-war years and that was to be realized only in 1995. By replacing the history of this idea within its historic dimension, this article breaks with the determinist visions. The actor's play and more particularly the international institutions, can explain that the European dimension, even though continually asserted, has only been designed as the growth of the regional networks. Additionally, in the context of cold war, the projects that associate the East to the West had to overcome several obstacles. Parties were brought together many times, but only the fall of the Iron Curtain has enabled a true interconnection between the two halves of Europe
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EB/UV curing market in Malaysia
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dahlan, Khairul Zaman; Nik Salleh, Nik Ghazali; Mahmood, Mohd Hilmi [Malaysian Inst. for Nuclear Technology Res. (MINT), Bangi (Malaysia)
1999-07-01
Radiation curing of coatings of wood based products is expanding and being used for curing of coatings of table tops, parquet, wood panel, furniture, curtain railing, etc. UV curing of over print varnish is still the main application of UV curing in printing industry. However, curing ofprinting ink has also been extended in the printing of CD and VCD in addition to other printing such as paper, magazine, label on bottles, metal-can, etc. In the electronic industry, the manufacturer of printed circuit board is still the main consumer of UV curable resins. On the other hand, low energy electron beam machine is used mainly for cross-linking of heat shrink films.
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EB/UV curing market in Malaysia
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Khairul Zaman Dahlan; Nik Ghazali Nik Salleh; Mohd Hilmi Mahmood
1999-01-01
Radiation curing of coatings of wood based products is expanding and being used for curing of coatings of table tops, parquet, wood panel, furniture, curtain railing, etc. UV curing of over print varnish is still the main application of UV curing in printing industry. However, curing of printing ink has also been extended in the printing of CD and VCD in addition to other printing such as paper, magazine, label on bottles, metal-can, etc. In the electronic industry, the manufacturer of printed circuit board is still the main consumer of UV curable resins. On the other hand, low energy electron beam machine is used mainly for cross-linking of heat shrink films
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Screen Indians in the EFL-Classroom: Transnational Perspectives
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Karsten Fitz
2008-06-01
Full Text Available This article addresses the question of what different audiences ‘see’ when watching movies depicting Native Americans, arguing that ways of ‘seeing’ are deeply embedded in specific cultural contexts. In particular, it is concerned with what a German movie-going audience—our EFL-students, in particular—see when watching blockbuster Hollywood movies like Dances with Wolves or popular Native American productions like Smoke Signals? Against the background of the West German Winnetou films and the East German DEFA westerns, respectively, German audiences on both sides of the iron curtain have been appropriating ‘Indians’ on their own terms, ‘using’ them for their own purposes and within their own cultural frames of reference.
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Effects of Dark Brooders on Behavior and Fearfulness in Layers
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Riber, Anja Brinch; Guzman, Diego A.
2016-01-01
to the novel object at age 15 weeks (p open-field test at age 28 weeks (p ...Chicks require heat to maintain body temperature during the first weeks after hatch. This may be provided by dark brooders; i.e., horizontal heating elements equipped with curtains. The objective was to test effects of rearing layer chicks with dark brooders on time budget and fearfulness....... Behavioral observations were performed during the first six weeks of age. Three different fear tests were conducted when the birds were age 3–6, 14–15 and 26–28 weeks. During the first four days, brooder chicks rested more than control chicks whereas they spent less time drinking, feather pecking...
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Rhodes, P. H.; Snyder, R. S. (Inventor)
1982-01-01
A device for separating cellular particles of a sample substance into fractionated streams of different cellular species includes a casing having a distribution chamber, a separation chamber, and a collection chamber. The electrode chambers are separated from the separation chamber interior by means of passages such that flow variations and membrane variations around the slotted portion of the electrode chamber do not enduce flow perturbations into the laminar buffer curtain flowing in the separation chamber. The cellular particles of the sample are separated under the influence of the electrical field and the separation chamber into streams of different cellular species. The streams of separated cells enter a partition array in the collection chamber where they are fractionated and collected.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lara eRzesnitzek
2013-07-01
Full Text Available The English term ‘early psychosis’ was coined in the 1930s to refer to feelings of irritability, loss of concentration, hypochondriac ideas, moodiness and lassitude that were seen to precede the onset of clear-cut hallucinations and delusions. The history of thinking about ‘early psychosis’ under names such as ‘latent’, ‘masked’, ‘mild’, ‘simple’ or ‘sluggish’ schizophrenia before World War II and afterwards on the different sides of the Wall and the Iron Curtain reveals ‘early psychosis’ as a mirror of quite aged international biologist controversies that are still alive today and to the same extent as they are misunderstood, are influential in their implications in today’s psychiatry.
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THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE AND THE ACTORS OF SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Florin Eduard GROSARU
2012-01-01
Full Text Available There is no doubt regarding the importance that south-eastern Europe has gained over the past years in geopolitical and geostrategic terms. Due to its history and considering the changes that have taken place here after the fall of the Iron Curtain, and also as a consequence of the “hot spots” emerged here on ideological, political, economic and terrorist grounds, this part of the continent still is an area of control and interests confrontations orchestrated by the actors that provide the international affairs with a multipolar dimension. All the aforementioned factors lead to various phenomena in which individual or group interests result in regional as well as global consequences.
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Van Atta, C.M.; Beringer, R.; Smith, L.
1959-01-01
A linear accelerator of heavy ions is described. The basic contributions of the invention consist of a method and apparatus for obtaining high energy particles of an element with an increased charge-to-mass ratio. The method comprises the steps of ionizing the atoms of an element, accelerating the resultant ions to an energy substantially equal to one Mev per nucleon, stripping orbital electrons from the accelerated ions by passing the ions through a curtain of elemental vapor disposed transversely of the path of the ions to provide a second charge-to-mass ratio, and finally accelerating the resultant stripped ions to a final energy of at least ten Mev per nucleon.
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Beam radiation curing of adhesives for flocking on heat-sensitive substrates
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nablo, S.V.; Fussa, A.D.
1979-01-01
A process is described for curing the adhesive used to hold flock fiber material to a heat-sensitive substrate consisting of temperature-sensitive plastic, natural fibers, wood, paper, or paper-foil laminates. An electron-curable adhesive layer (acrylic, epoxy, epoxy esters, acrylic latex, or urethane) a few mils thick is applied to the substrate and a layer of texturing material is attached to the adhesive layer with fibers substantially perpendicular to the layer. The assembly of substrate and adhesively secured material is passed at a rate of about 20 to 80 meters per minute under an unscanned electron curtain beam which possesses an energy of 150 keV +- 30 percent and delivers an electron dose of 2 megarads +- 50 percent to the adhesive layer. (LL)
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Brown, Erik P.
2015-05-19
An anti-clogging filter system for filtering a fluid containing large particles and small particles includes an enclosure with at least one individual elongated tubular filter element in the enclosure. The individual elongated tubular filter element has an internal passage, a closed end, an open end, and a filtering material in or on the individual elongated tubular filter element. The fluid travels through the open end of the elongated tubular element and through the internal passage and through the filtering material. An anti-clogging element is positioned on or adjacent the individual elongated tubular filter element and provides a fluid curtain that preferentially directs the larger particulates to one area of the filter material allowing the remainder of the filter material to remain more efficient.
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Enterprise Information Systems Outsourcing
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Svejvig, Per; Pries.Heje, Jan
2009-01-01
Outsourcing is now a feasible mean for Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) cost savings, but do however increase the complexity substantially when many organizations are involved. We set out to study EIS outsourcing with many interorganizational partners in a large Scandinavian high-tech organiz......Outsourcing is now a feasible mean for Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) cost savings, but do however increase the complexity substantially when many organizations are involved. We set out to study EIS outsourcing with many interorganizational partners in a large Scandinavian high...... the rational cost saving explanation; but then with a more careful analysis focusing on institutional factors, other explanations "behind the curtain" were revealed, such as management consultants with a "best practice" agenda, people promoting outsourcing thereby being promoted themselves, and outside...
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Enterprise Information Systems Outsourcing
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pries-Heje, Jan; Svejvig, Per
2009-01-01
Outsourcing is now a feasible mean for Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) cost savings, but do however increase the complexity substantially when many organizations are involved. We set out to study EIS outsourcing with many interorganizational partners in a large Scandinavian high-tech organ...... Outsourcing is now a feasible mean for Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) cost savings, but do however increase the complexity substantially when many organizations are involved. We set out to study EIS outsourcing with many interorganizational partners in a large Scandinavian high...... the rational cost saving explanation; but then with a more careful analysis focusing on institutional factors, other explanations "behind the curtain" were revealed, such as management consultants with a "best practice" agenda, people promoting outsourcing thereby being promoted themselves, and outside...
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Music and astronomy. II. Unitedsoundofcosmos
Caballero, J. A.; Arias, A.; Machuca, J. J.; Morente, S.
2017-03-01
We have been congratulated on the stage by a Nobel laureate (he was our curtain raiser), shocked audiences in rock concerts, written monthly on Musica Universalis , made the second concert in 3D in Spain after Kraftwerk and broadcasted it live in Radio 3, mixed our music with poetry read aloud by scientists, composed the soundtracks of CARMENES, QUIJOTE, ESTRACK and the Gaia first data release, made a videoclip on how computer simulates the formation of stars, played our music in planetariums, museums, observatories throughout Spain and at the end of the meeting of the ESO telescopes time allocation committee... All those moments will not be lost in time like tears in rain, but put together in Bilbao during the 2016 meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sohail Yasin
2016-05-01
Full Text Available Flame retardants (FRs have been around us for decades to increase the chances of survival against fire or flame by limiting its propagation. The FR textiles, irrespective of their atmospheric presence are used in baby clothing, pushchairs, car seats, etc. The overall FR market in Asia, Europe, and the United States in 2007 was around 1.8 million metric tonnes. It is estimated that the worldwide consumption of FRs will reach 2.8 million tonnes in 2018. Unfortunately, a sustainable approach for textile waste, especially in the case of FR textiles, is absent. Incineration and landfill of FR textiles are hindered by various toxic outcomes. To address the need for sustainable methods of discarding FR textiles, the mechanical recycling of cotton curtains was evaluated.
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Railways: Gateways Between East and West in Europe
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hansjorg Kuster
2003-07-01
Full Text Available Railways have connected various far-flung parts of Europefor much of the last two centuries. Recent years, however, haveseen a decline in direct international connections. This is not somuch due to political developments (the Iron Curtain ceased toexist during the period in question, but rather technical advancesthat have resulted in the development of high-speed networksspecific to various countries. Problems associated withthe use of different gauges, and also electrical and sophisticatedelectronic systems in individual European countries have resultedin high-speed trains being confined mainly to individualstates. During the next years, it is highly desirable to re-establishan international European train or Transrapid network to avoidroad and air-traffic chaos as European integration proceedswith the planned eastwards expansion of the European Union.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gonzalez J, J.C. [ITT, A.P. 890 Metepec, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Lopez V, H. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)
2003-07-01
The feasibility study considers the existent information on several irradiation procedures (irradiation type 'curtain', 'aerosol', 'fountain' and 'horizontal') and with commercially available accelerators. It was analyzed the economic feasibility of several proposals of teams and irradiation type, obtaining of each one of these, the corresponding information to the cost of initial investment, expenses of annual operation and revenues, the financial indicators of range cost-benefit were also calculated, return of investment, whose values qualified the viability of each proposal, choosing the irradiation in flow type 'aerosol' with an electron accelerator with power of 500 k W, the financial feasibility presents the revenues and expenditures during the life of the project. (Author)
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Dai, Qianwei; Lin, Fangpeng; Wang, Xiaoping; Feng, Deshan; Bayless, Richard C.
2017-05-01
An integrated geophysical investigation was performed at S dam located at Dadu basin in China to assess the condition of the dam curtain. The key methodology of the integrated technique used was flow-field fitting method, which allowed identification of the hydraulic connections between the dam foundation and surface water sources (upstream and downstream), and location of the anomalous leakage outlets in the dam foundation. Limitations of the flow-field fitting method were complemented with resistivity logging to identify the internal erosion which had not yet developed into seepage pathways. The results of the flow-field fitting method and resistivity logging were consistent when compared with data provided by seismic tomography, borehole television, water injection test, and rock quality designation.
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Accelerator boom hones China's engineering expertise
Normile, Dennis
2018-02-01
In raising the curtain on the China Spallation Neutron Source, China has joined just four other nations in having mastered the technology of accelerating and controlling beams of protons. The $277 million facility, set to open to users this spring in Dongguan, is expected to yield big dividends in materials science, chemistry, and biology. More world class machines are on the way, as China this year starts construction on four other major accelerator facilities. The building boom is prompting a scramble to find enough engineers and technicians to finish the projects. But if they all come off as planned, the facilities would position China to tackle the next global megaproject: a giant accelerator that would pick up where Europe's Large Hadron Collider leaves off.
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Yamamoto, Yuki; Kanao, Kenichiro; Arie, Takayuki; Akita, Seiji; Takei, Kuniharu
2015-05-27
Harnessing a natural power source such as the human body temperature or sunlight should realize ultimate low-power devices. In particular, macroscale and flexible actuators that do not require an artificial power source have tremendous potential. Here we propose and demonstrate electrically powerless polymer-based actuators operated at ambient conditions using a packaging technique in which the stimulating power source is produced by heat from the human body or sunlight. The actuating angle, force, and reliability are discussed as functions of temperature and exposure to sunlight. Furthermore, a wearable device platform and a smart curtain actuated by the temperature of human skin and sunlight, respectively, are demonstrated as the first proof-of-concepts. These nature-powered actuators should realize a new class of ultimate low-power devices.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bjørnskov, Christian
This paper seeks to estimate the economic growth effect of constitutional provisions for property rights protection. It does so using the unique situation in formerly communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Caucasus where all but two introduced new constitutions after the fall...... of the Iron Curtain. The effects of implementing different constitutional provisions can therefore be observed in a group of countries with the same formal starting point. Estimates provide no evidence of positive effects and mainly point towards a negative conclusion: the introduction of constitutional...... protection of property rights is not associated with economic development in the long run, but tends to impose costs during a period of institutional transition and implementation proportional to the constitutional change....
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Gao, X.; Yan, E. C.; Yeh, T. C. J.; Wang, Y.; Liang, Y.; Hao, Y.
2017-12-01
water-curtain holes should be installed in the pillar rather than increasing density of horizontal water-curtain boreholes.
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Electrical contact arrangement for a coating process
Kabagambe, Benjamin; McCamy, James W; Boyd, Donald W
2013-09-17
A protective coating is applied to the electrically conductive surface of a reflective coating of a solar mirror by biasing a conductive member having a layer of a malleable electrically conductive material, e.g. a paste, against a portion of the conductive surface while moving an electrodepositable coating composition over the conductive surface. The moving of the electrodepositable coating composition over the conductive surface includes moving the solar mirror through a flow curtain of the electrodepositable coating composition and submerging the solar mirror in a pool of the electrodepositable coating composition. The use of the layer of a malleable electrically conductive material between the conductive member and the conductive surface compensates for irregularities in the conductive surface being contacted during the coating process thereby reducing the current density at the electrical contact area.
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Všední a svátecní chvíle za socialismu
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Karel Cudlín
2017-10-01
Full Text Available The following annex presents a_selection of documentary photography by Karel Cudlín, born in Prague, quarter Žižkov, in 1960. He can also be considered as a_representative of Street Photography and a_photographer of Exotic East. Black and white pictures portray everyday and holiday moments in socialism, particularly in Prague of 1980s. They show for example workers in a_factory, Roma people of Žižkov, waiting for scarce goods, entertainment in Lucerna Palace, Communist celebrations, honour guard, the oath of enlistment into the basic military service. The selection from larger collection symbolically points at two perspectives on the fall of Communism (breaking events in Národní street and cutting through the barbed wires of Iron Curtain.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Saraiva de Aguilar, J. l.; Nunes, G.
2004-07-01
Several techniques are used to limit the progression of eutrophication in lakes and ponds, and to reduce its main negative effects. One of these techniques consists in maintaining oxidant conditions in deeper water layers of lakes and ponds, and, thus, to reduce or even prevent the release of harmful substances, which would result in higher water treatment costs. This technique, called aeration by the-stratification, consists of the creation of one or several local air curtains, which generate an air life effect, leading water to circulate from bottom to surface and vice-versa. This process is calculated in order to prevent thermal stratification during the warm seasons. Contacting the air at the surface of the pond oxygenates water, the oxygen levels remaining constant throughout the entire water column. (Author)
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Československá egyptologie ve světě studené války – doba Zbyňka Žáby
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adéla Jůnová Macková
2017-12-01
Full Text Available Zbyněk Žába’s (1917–1971 anniversary reminds us of several decades of history of Czechoslovak Egyptology which was tied very closely to individual scholarly biographies and only relatively recently obtained an institutional history. Aspects of the life of Žába, who was sometimes viewed as a controversial figure, are set against the backdrop of coeval events. The contribution highlights some paradoxes inherent to a work of an international scholar tied to a country on the Soviet side of the Iron curtain, including his attempts to balance the requirements of a national institutional scholarship and the inherently international character of his discipline. The foundations for the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology were laid successfully in the complex period of the late 1950s.
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Study of compounds emitted during thermo-oxidative decomposition of polyester fabrics
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dzięcioł Małgorzata
2016-03-01
Full Text Available Compounds emitted during thermo-oxidative decomposition of three commercial polyester fabrics for indoor outfit and decorations (upholstery, curtains were studied. The experiments were carried out in a flow tubular furnace at 600°C in an air atmosphere. During decomposition process the complex mixtures of volatile and solid compounds were emitted. The main volatile products were carbon oxides, benzene, acetaldehyde, vinyl benzoate and acetophe-none. The emitted solid compounds consisted mainly of aromatic carboxylic acids and its derivatives, among which the greatest part took terephthalic acid, monovinyl terephthalate and benzoic acid. The small amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were also emitted. The emission profiles of the tested polyester fabrics were similar. The presence of toxic compounds indicates the possibility of serious hazard for people during fire.
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Numerical modeling of a nuclear production reactor cooling lake
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hamm, L.L.; Pepper, D.W.
1987-01-01
A finite element model has been developed which predicts flow and temperature distributions within a nuclear reactor cooling lake at the Savannah River Plant near Aiken, South Carolina. Numerical results agree with values obtained from a 3-D EPA numerical lake model and actual measurements obtained from the lake. Because the effluent water from the reactor heat exchangers discharges directly into the lake, downstream temperatures at mid-lake could exceed the South Carolina DHEC guidelines for thermal exchanges during the summer months. Therefore, reactor power was reduced to maintain temperature compliance at mid-lake. Thermal mitigation measures were studied that included placing a 6.1 m deep fabric curtain across mid-lake and moving the reactor outfall upstream. These measurements were calculated to permit about an 8% improvement in reactor power during summer operation
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Mantle mixing and thermal evolution during Pangaea assembly and breakup
Rudolph, M. L.; Li, M.; Zhong, S.; Manga, M.
2016-12-01
Continents insulate the underlying mantle, and it has been suggested that the arrangement of the continents can have a significant effect on sub-continental mantle temperatures. Additionally, the dispersal or agglomeration of continents may affect the efficacy of continental insulation, with some studies suggesting warming of 100K beneath supercontinents. During the most recent supercontinent cycle, Pangaea was encircled by subduction, potentially creating a `curtain' of subducted material that may have prevented mixing of the sub-Pangaea mantle with the sub-Panthalassa mantle. Using 3D spherical shell geometry mantle convection simulations, we quantify the effect of insulation by continents and supercontinents. We explore the differences in model predictions for purely thermal vs. thermochemical convection, and we use tracers to quantify the exchange of material between the sub-oceanic to the sub-continental mantle.
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Low VOC drying of lumber and wood panel products. Progress report Number 9
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yan, H.; Banerjee, S. [Inst. of Paper Science and Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Conners, T.; Ingram, L.L.; Dalton, A.T.; Templeton, M.C.; Diehl, S.V. [Mississippi State Univ., MS (United States)
1999-01-01
Results from a multi-year study show that a significant part of the extensive variability observed in oriented strand board (OSB) flake dryer emissions can be traced to physiological effects, and the rest can be attributed to handling and other factors. Low-headspace treatment of lumber was scaled up to the 50 kg level. The amount of turpentine collected was of the same magnitude as that released upon drying lumber. For the process to be economical, the wood must first be brought to about 95 C with steam, and then processed with RF. Attempts to remove VOCs from OSB through low-headspace by placing a curtain over the wood failed because of leaks. A more rigid container will be required. RF-treatment does not alter the gas permeability of lumber.
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Low VOC drying of lumber and wood panel products. Progress report Number 9 [January 1999
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yan, H.; Banerjee, S. [Inst. of Paper Science and Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Conners, T.; Ingram, L.L.; Dalton, A.T.; Templeton, M.C.; Diehl, S.V. [Mississippi State Univ., MS (United States)
1999-01-01
Results from a multi-year study show that a significant part of the extensive variability observed in oriented strand board (OSB) flake dryer emissions can be traced to physiological effects, and the rest can be attributed to handling and other factors. Low-headspace treatment of lumber was scaled up to the 50 kg level. The amount of turpentine collected was of the same magnitude as that released upon drying lumber. For the process to be economical, the wood must first be brought to about 95 C with steam, and then processed with RF. Attempts to remove VOCs from OSB through low-headspace by placing a curtain over the wood failed because of leaks. A more rigid container will be required. RF-treatment does not alter the gas permeability of lumber.
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Introduction. The formation of the Hungarian Information Society in the last ten years
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Róbert Sinka
2014-02-01
Full Text Available Hungary was an example to follow as one of the initiators of the change that ultimately resulted in the elimination of the Soviet dependence, as well as in the democratization of Eastern-Central European countries. The iron curtain pulled down in 1989 opened up the country to the world. The comfortable protection was suddenly replaced by the new challenges of the global market economy and culture. The forming of the Hungarian information society could have brought one of the most radical changes among these. The present paper studies the successes and failures of the development of the Hungarian information society in the last decade on the basis of the research report (MITJ, 2008 prepared by ITTK (Information Society and Trend Research Centre http://ittk.hu/english/index.html
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Shallow gas accumulation in sediments of the Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Weschenfelder, Jair; Corrrea, Iran C.S.; Pereira, Carla M.; Vasconcellos, Vinicius E.B. de [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias; Aliotta, Salvador [Instituto Argentino de Oceanografia Complejo CRIBABB, Bahia Blanca (Argentina)
2006-07-15
A high resolution seismic survey was conducted in the Patos Lagoon, southern Brazil, aboard of the research vessel LARUS of the Fundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Around 400 km of 3.5 k Hz seismic profiles were collected, which provided acoustic signals of good penetration depth and resolution. Seismic anomalies, including turbidity and pocket gas, revealed that gas-charged sediments are common in several areas of the lagoon. The gas accumulations in the Patos Lagoon are controlled by the spatial distribution of the sedimentary facies. Either in 'curtains' or in 'acoustic turbid zones', the main gas accumulations occur in areas with paleotopographic lows related to fluvial channels and valleys developed in the Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain during regressive/transgressive events of the Quaternary. (author)
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European research and the Hungarian school of food irradiation
Lakner, Zoltán; Soós, Sándor; Vida, Zsófia; Farkas, Csilla
2016-12-01
In second half of the 20th century the research of application of irradiation to food preservation become a new and prospective field of food science and technology. This activity has been supported and developed in a parallel way in both halves of the that-time world, divided by the iron-curtain. Under these conditions, fulfilling a specific "bridge-role", some highly innovative scientists, first of all Professor József Farkas has been able to achieve considerable results in this new field of science. Based on citation analysis and science mapping it can be proven, that his path-breaking research has been exercise a fertilising effect on development of a wide range of fields of science, and considerably contributed to proliferation of this science and technology in numerous countries of the world.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rizzo Nidia
2012-10-01
households, tropical rains occurred in the area and lead to an increase of the vector population, more pronounced (but statistically not significant in the control arm than in the intervention arm. In the second intervention (17 months later and six weeks after implementing the second intervention the combined approach of ITMs and a combination of appropriate interventions against productive containers (Temephos in >200 L water drums, elimination of small discarded tins and bottles lead to significant differences on reductions of the total number of pupae (P = 0.04 and the House index (P = 0.01 between intervention and control clusters, and to borderline differences on reductions of the Pupae per Person and Breteau indices (P = 0.05. The insecticide residual activity on treated curtains was high until month 18 but the chemical concentration showed a high variability. The cost per house protected with treated curtains and drum covers and targeting productive breeding-sites of the dengue vector was $ 5.31 USD. The acceptance of the measure was generally high, particularly in families who had experienced dengue. Conclusion Even under difficult environmental conditions (open houses, tropical rainfall, challenging container types mainly in the peridomestic environment the combination of insecticide treated curtains and to a less extent drum covers and interventions targeting the productive container types can reduce the dengue vector population significantly.
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Rizzo, Nidia; Gramajo, Rodrigo; Escobar, Maria Cabrera; Arana, Byron; Kroeger, Axel; Manrique-Saide, Pablo; Petzold, Max
2012-10-30
lead to an increase of the vector population, more pronounced (but statistically not significant) in the control arm than in the intervention arm. In the second intervention (17 months later and six weeks after implementing the second intervention) the combined approach of ITMs and a combination of appropriate interventions against productive containers (Temephos in >200 L water drums, elimination of small discarded tins and bottles) lead to significant differences on reductions of the total number of pupae (P = 0.04) and the House index (P = 0.01) between intervention and control clusters, and to borderline differences on reductions of the Pupae per Person and Breteau indices (P = 0.05). The insecticide residual activity on treated curtains was high until month 18 but the chemical concentration showed a high variability. The cost per house protected with treated curtains and drum covers and targeting productive breeding-sites of the dengue vector was $ 5.31 USD. The acceptance of the measure was generally high, particularly in families who had experienced dengue. Even under difficult environmental conditions (open houses, tropical rainfall, challenging container types mainly in the peridomestic environment) the combination of insecticide treated curtains and to a less extent drum covers and interventions targeting the productive container types can reduce the dengue vector population significantly.
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2010-09-13
... meetings. You may obtain the schedule from the planning team leader or project leader (see addresses). You... public about the mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System and the role of Little River NWR in...
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Lifting the Curtain on the Wizard of Oz: Biased Voice-Based Impressions of Speaker Size
Rendall, Drew; Vokey, John R.; Nemeth, Christie
2007-01-01
The consistent, but often wrong, impressions people form of the size of unseen speakers are not random but rather point to a consistent misattribution bias, one that the advertising, broadcasting, and entertainment industries also routinely exploit. The authors report 3 experiments examining the perceptual basis of this bias. The results indicate…
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Biermann, F.
2012-01-01
The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, was probably the largest event in a long series of mega-summits on environmental protection and sustainable development. Roughly 44000 participants descended on Rio de Janeiro to take part in ten days of
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[Communication Strategies in Dealing with Patients with Glaucoma].
Sandner, J
2016-02-01
When patients with glaucoma meet doctors and their assistants in a doctor's office or a hospital all hope that this contact will be trouble-free, helpful, perhaps even happy and conducted in a constructive spirit. But this is not always the case. Words and gestures may accidently hurt or reject the patient. Often the communication results in harm instead of help and healing. For this reason, it is worthwhile to have a glimpse behind the curtain of the difficult interactions between people. The rules of communication in the medical context will help to facilitate the contact between doctors and patients. Verbal and non-verbal communication play an important role, for example in how to address the individual patient, as well as the timing and wording. Expertise in communication is a key qualification for medical professionals! Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
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Energizing architecture. Design and photovoltaics
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lueling, Claudia (ed.)
2009-07-01
Power generation by photovoltaic systems and buildings is much more than just an alternative to traditional electric power generation. As the planning and design of photovoltaics is increasingly shifting to the forefront, it is rapidly becoming a new challenge for architecture. This book describes the whole spectrum of possible applications - from inspiration to detail - of photovoltaics as an integral part of building envelopes and introduces groundbreaking examples and visions for the future, in which photovoltaic elements work as a successful part of exterior facades - combined with highly luminous and economical illuminated wallpaper and curtains inside buildings. Its range extends from early designs by artists such as Daniel Hausig to aspects of material selection to detail drawings of implemented solutions. The enormous variety of possible applications of this new (building) material demonstrates the huge potential it possesses. (orig.)
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Microbiological survey of a South African poultry processing plant.
Geornaras, I; de Jesus, A; van Zyl, E; von Holy, A
1995-01-01
Bacterial populations associated with poultry processing were determined on neck skin samples, equipment surfaces and environmental samples by replicate surveys. Aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts and Pseudomonas counts were performed by standard procedures and the prevalence of Listeria, presumptive Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus determined. Statistically significant (P defeathering curtains, shackles and conveyor belts repeatedly showed aerobic plate counts in excess of 5.0 log CFU 25 cm-2. Aerobic plate counts of scald tank and spinchiller water were 2 log CFU ml-1 higher than those of potable water samples. Bacterial numbers of the air in the "dirty" area were higher than those of the "clean" area. Listeria, presumptive Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 27.6, 51.7 and 24.1% of all product samples, respectively, and Listeria and Staphylococcus aureus were also isolated from selected equipment surfaces.
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Seepage problem in Papan dam and the treatment
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sharghi, A. [JTMA Co., Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Palassi, M. [Tehran Univ. (Iran, Islamic Republic of). Dept. of Civil Engineering
2003-07-01
The Papan dam in the Krygyz Republic is 97 metres high. It is located in the Osh Oblast, within a narrow and steep sided gorge on the Ak-Bura River, approximately 20 kilometres south of the City of Osh. The impoundment of the dam revealed large inflows of water to the downstream dam through the upper half of the dam and through the joints in the right abutment. A number of options were considered before a treatment method was selected. The causes of the leakage were poor grouting, and joints and fissures in the abutment. The remedial process involved the use of a plastic concrete cutoff wall extended from the crest of the dam to a depth of approximately 70 metres, in addition to the use of a grouting curtain in the right abutment. 2 figs.
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A fire risk assessment model for residential high-rises with a single stairwell
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, N. D.; Steffensen, F.B.; Valkvist, M.B.
2018-01-01
As few or none prescriptive guidelines for fire risk assessment of residential high-rise buildings exist, it has been unclear which fire safety design features constitute an acceptable (adequate) safety level. In order to fill this gap a simplified risk-based decision-support tool, the Fire Risk...... Model (FRM), was developed. The FRM evaluates both the risk level to the occupants and the property risk level as a function of the building characteristics, height and fire safety features for single stairwell residential high-rise buildings. The acceptability of a high-rise design is then defined......, and the associated performance of the FRM evaluated. It was found that compartmentation and the door configurations in the egress path play an important role, along with sprinklers, in order for the design to successfully keep the stairwell free from smoke. Specifically, modern curtain wall facades were found...
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Safety and security profiles of industry networks used in safety- critical applications
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mária FRANEKOVÁ
2008-01-01
Full Text Available The author describes the mechanisms of safety and security profiles of industry and communication networks used within safety – related applications in technological and information levels of process control recommended according to standards IEC 61784-3,4. Nowadays the number of vendors of the safety – related communication technologies who guarantees besides the standard communication, the communication amongst the safety – related equipment according to IEC 61508 is increasing. Also the number of safety – related products is increasing, e. g. safety Fieldbus, safety PLC, safety curtains, safety laser scanners, safety buttons, safety relays and other. According to world survey the safety Fieldbus denoted the highest growth from all manufactured safety products.The main part of this paper is the description of the safety-related Fieldbus communication system, which has to guaranty Safety Integrity Level.
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Jordan, Heather R.; Tomberlin, Jeffery K.
2017-01-01
A number of abiotic and biotic factors are known to regulate arthropod attraction, colonization, and utilization of decomposing vertebrate remains. Such information is critical when assessing arthropod evidence associated with said remains in terms of forensic relevance. Interactions are not limited to just between the resource and arthropods. There is another biotic factor that has been historically overlooked; however, with the advent of high-throughput sequencing, and other molecular techniques, the curtain has been pulled back to reveal a microscopic world that is playing a major role with regards to carrion decomposition patterns in association with arthropods. The objective of this publication is to review many of these factors and draw attention to their impact on microbial, specifically bacteria, activity associated with these remains as it is our contention that microbes serve as a primary mechanism regulating associated arthropod behavior. PMID:28538664
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AMASYA PUBLIC EDUCATION CENTER WORKS EXAMPLE: YASSIÇAL BROADCLOTH WEAVINGS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hurrem Sinem SANLI
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Public education aims to gain adults the skills and knowledge towards interpretation of free times of social and cultural activities. With public education, people living in the region especially women contribute to production. In Amasya, there are courses provided for women in Public Education Centers and it is made sure that they attend theses courses. In this study, a section of said center and Yassıçal broadcloth weavings are analyzed. Motifs and product examples in Yassıçal weavings are examined. These motifs are Eminem, Tekke peşkürü, Suleyman, Sinekli, Mehmet Dede, Kara viran, Çift mekik and Deveci kesmesi. This traditional motifs began to weave again. A variety of woven products; living room sets, veil, curtains, runners, bags, doll clothes and women's clothes are produced by traniees.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wardley, R.B.
1981-01-01
This invention relates to x-ray screening materials and especially to materials in sheet form for use in the production of, for example, protective clothing such as aprons and lower back shields, curtains, mobile screens and suspended shields. The invention is based on the observation that x-ray screening materials in sheet form having greater flexiblity than the hitherto known x-ray screening materials of the same x-ray absorber content can be produced if, instead of using a single sheet of filled sheet material of increased thickness, one uses a plurality of sheets of lesser thickness together forming a laminar material of the desired thickness and one bonds the individual sheets together at their edges and, optionally, at other spaced apart points away from the edges thereby allowing one sheet to move relative to another. (U.K.)
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The latent confrontation: The Korean peninsula’s uncertain future
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Asier Blas Mendoza
2007-10-01
Full Text Available This article covers the changes that have taken place in inter-Korean relations since the fall of the Soviet regimes. In the first few years following the fall of the iron curtain, the Korean perimeter became a scenario of confrontation that seemed to perpetuate theproblem. However, in the second half of the ‘90s, north-east Asia began to undergo a real change that resulted in public contacts between the two Koreas. The new game that was officially opened by the “Sunshine policy” led to a deep-seated rethinking of foreignpolicy by both states, and opened a new chapter in inter-Korean relations that has clearly demonstrated the important dimension and repercussions of the conflict in the geo-strategic framework of the entire East Asian area, as well as in international politics.
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The Iron Curtain and the Color Line : Cold War Politics and Segregation in the Deep South
Zwiers, Maarten
2014-01-01
How did southern politicians situate their struggle to maintain the regional racial and socioeconomic status quo within the worldwide struggle against communism? The escalating conflict with the Soviet Union enabled southern Democrats to brand progressive measures and organizations as
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Curtain down and nothing settled: Global sustainability governance after the ‘Rio+20’ Earth Summit
Biermann, F.
2013-01-01
The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, was probably the largest event in a long series of megasummits on environmental protection and sustainable development. Roughly 44 000 participants descended on Rio de Janeiro to take part in ten days of
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Huang, Lu; Pu, Chao; Fisher, Richard K; Mountain, Deidra J H; Gao, Yanfei; Liaw, Peter K; Zhang, Wei; He, Wei
2015-10-01
Despite the prevalent use of crystalline alloys in current vascular stent technology, new biomaterials are being actively sought after to improve stent performance. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of a Zr-Al-Fe-Cu bulk metallic glass (BMG) to serve as a candidate stent material. The mechanical properties of the Zr-based BMG, determined under both static and cyclic loadings, were characterized by high strength, which would allow for the design of thinner stent struts to improve stent biocompatibility. Finite element analysis further complemented the experimental results and revealed that a stent made of the Zr-based BMG was more compliant with the beats of a blood vessel, compared with medical 316L stainless steel. The Zr-based BMG was found to be corrosion resistant in a simulated body environment, owing to the presence of a highly stable ZrO2-rich surface passive film. Application-specific biocompatibility studies were conducted using human aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The Zr-Al-Fe-Cu BMG was found to support stronger adhesion and faster coverage of endothelial cells and slower growth of smooth muscle cells than 316L stainless steel. These results suggest that the Zr-based BMG could promote re-endothelialization and potentially lower the risk of restenosis, which are critical to improve vascular stent implantation integration. In general, findings in this study raised the curtain for the potential application of BMGs as future candidates for stent applications. Vascular stents are medical devices typically used to restore the lumen of narrowed or clogged blood vessel. Despite the clinical success of metallic materials in stent-assisted angioplasty, post-surgery complications persist due to the mechanical failures, corrosion, and in-stent restenosis of current stents. To overcome these hurdles, strategies including new designs and surface functionalization have been exercised. In addition, the development of new materials with
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Algieri Angelo
2013-01-01
Full Text Available The purpose of the present work is the analysis of the fluid dynamic behavior of a high performance internal combustion engine during the intake phase. In particular, a four-valve spark-ignition engine has been characterized at the steady flow rig. Dimensionless discharge coefficients have been used to define the global fluid dynamic efficiency of the intake system, while the Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA technique has been employed to evaluate the mean flow in the valve curtain area and to characterise the interference phenomena between the two intake valves. The investigation has shown the significant influence of the valve lift on the volumetric efficiency of the intake apparatus. Moreover, the experimental analysis has highlighted that the valve-valve interference phenomena have a relevant impact on the head breathability, on the flow development within the combustion chamber and on the velocity standard deviations.
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Edificio de viviendas y locales comerciales - Cádiz (España
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Miquel, L.
1971-10-01
Full Text Available This thirteen storey block, situated on one of the main streets of the city, has 28 rather high quality apartments, on the top part of the building, whilst the lower floors are devoted to offices, shops, and a garage occupies the basement. The building rests on piles, and has a metal structure. The external curtain walls are of prefabricated panels, and these represent an interesting experience into the possible development of this type of units in Spain.Este bloque de trece plantas, situado en una de las más importantes avenidas de la ciudad, contiene 28 viviendas, locales de comercio, oficinas y garaje. La cimentación se ha realizado a base de pilotes; su estructura es metálica, y los cerramientos han sido construidos mediante paneles prefabricados, constituyendo una interesante experiencia de las posibilidades que esta industria tiene en nuestro país.
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Demonstration of close-coupled barriers for subsurface containment of buried waste
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Dwyer, B.P.; Heiser, J.; Stewart, W.
1996-01-01
The primary objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate a close-coupled barrier for the containment of subsurface waste or contaminant migration. A close-coupled barrier is produced by first installing a conventional cement grout curtain followed by a thin inner lining of a polymer grout. The resultant barrier is a cement polymer composite that has economic benefits derived from the cement and performance benefits from the durable and resistant polymer layer. Close-coupled barrier technology is applicable for final, interim, or emergency containment of subsurface waste forms. Consequently, when considering the diversity of technology application, the construction emplacement and material technology maturity, general site operational requirements, and regulatory compliance incentives, the close-coupled barrier system provides an alternative for any hazardous or mixed waste remediation plan. This paper discusses the installation of a close-coupled barrier and the subsequent integrity verification