Socioeconomic status and trends in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the Danish MONICA population, 1982-1992

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Osler, M; Gerdes, L U; Davidsen, M

2000-01-01

The decline in cardiovascular mortality in Denmark during the 1980s has been greatest in the highest socioeconomic groups of the population. This study examines whether the increased social inequality in cardiovascular mortality has been accompanied by a different trend in cardiovascular risk...

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la región de Murcia, España

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Tormo Díaz María José

1997-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: La Región de Murcia es un área de alta mortalidad coronaria y cerebrovascular en el contexto español. Además, la tendencia en mortalidad coronaria, descendente en pr��cticamente todas las áreas geográficas españolas, se ha incrementado en ésta ligeramente durante el periodo 1985-1991. En este estudio se evalúan las prevalencias poblacionales de diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la Región de Murcia. MÉTODOS: El trabajo se ha realizado mediante una encuesta a una población muestral representativa de la población adulta de la región (18-65 años, en la que se obtuvo una tasa de respuesta del 61%. Se realizó medición estandarizada de la tensión arterial, de la obesidad y de los lípidos séricos, junto a la aplicación de un cuestionario sobre consumo de tabaco, actividad física y diabetes. Presentación de datos estandarizados globales y truncados para los grupos de edad de 35-64 años. La recogida de información se llevó a cabo desde noviembre de 1991 a marzo de 1993. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco resultante es de 54,4% en hombres y 31,3% en mujeres. Las cifras de hipertensión son superiores en los hombres (32,3% prevalencia, 16,4% tratamiento, 2,6% control del total de hipertensos y 15,6% control entre sólo los hipertensos tratados que en las mujeres (23,7%, 34,3%, 9,5% y 27,8%, respectivamente. Las cifras medias de colesterol son bajas en ambos sexos así como altas las cifras de HDL-colesterol en todos los grupos de edad. El Índice de Masa Corporal medio es 26,7 en ambos sexos, aunque las mujeres presentan una mayor variabilidad. La prevalencia de diabetes declarada se sitúa alrededor del 3-4%. CONCLUSIONES: Comparadas estas cifras, para los grupos de edad correspondientes, con las proporcionadas por el estudio MONICA y otros estudios en población adulta española se observa que, salvo el elevado consumo de tabaco y el alto índice de obesidad, la prevalencia de factores

[Evaluation of the socioeconomic status in epidemiological surveys: hypotheses of research in the Brianza area MONICA project].

Science.gov (United States)

Cesana, G C; Ferrario, M; De Vito, G; Sega, R; Grieco, A

1995-01-01

Socio-economic status (SES) has been reported as a causative factor of increasing health inequalities in industrialized countries. The phenomenon has been particularly investigated for job related diseases, including cardiovascular disease and risk. The group of occupational medicine specialists in the world wide MONItoring program of CARdiovascular disease (WHO-MONICA Project) is now producing a number of hypotheses about the application of internationally defined criteria and tools for SES evaluation in the Italian area of the Project, Area Brianza. After a short review of some main conceptual and methodological problems, a proposal is presented of an SES index, derived from the pooled data of two population surveys carried out in this area. From a randomized sample of 3200 residents, 25-64 years old, stratified by sex and age decade, 1731 subjects, 594 females and 1137 males, employed at the time of the screening were extracted. Four variables were considered: age, education, occupational level and job-strain (according to the Karasek-Theorell model) by which each subject was classified in three levels--high, medium, low--of education and occupation, whose combination was used to obtain as many levels of socio-economic status. This a method of building an SES index is based on a sequence of approximations following two essential criteria: limitation of the variables to be surveyed, through standardized procedures; ability to identify the "low" SES category, presumably more at risk for disease.

Socioeconomic status and trends in alcohol drinking in the Danish MONICA population, 1982-92

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Osler, M; Jørgensen, Torben; Grønbaek, M

2001-01-01

AIMS: To examine trends in alcohol drinking in different educational groups. METHODS: Data from three cross-sectional WHO MONICA surveys conducted in 1982-84, 1987, and 1991-92 were analysed to estimate trends in abstention, moderate, heavy, and sporadic heavy alcohol use in relation to level of ...

Vitamin D status and incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skaaby, Tea; Husemoen, Lise Lotte Nystrup; Pisinger, Charlotta

2013-01-01

Low vitamin D status has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality primarily in selected groups, smaller studies, or with self-reported vitamin D intake. We investigated the association of serum vitamin D status with the incidence of a registry-based diagnosis of ischemic...... heart disease (IHD), stroke, and all-cause mortality in a large sample of the general population. A total of 9,146 individuals from the two population-based studies, Monica10 and Inter99, were included. Measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at baseline were carried out using the IDS ISYS immunoassay...

Análisis Del Uso De Cuestionarios En Contabilidad Financiera

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Carmen Pilar Martí Ballester

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES supone un cambio de paradigma respecto al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, en el que el estudiante adquiere un papel activo en su proceso formativo ayudado por el profesor que deja de ser un mero transmisor de conocimiento. Esto requiere una reformulación de las metodologías docentes que favorezcan la participación activa del estudiante. Entre los recursos para implantar una metodología docente activa el profesor cuenta con los cuestionarios que podrían resultar útiles para mejorar la capacidad de aprendizaje autónomo del estudiante de la asignatura de contabilidad financiera, y por tanto su rendimiento académico. Para demostrar si esto es así, proponemos el siguiente trabajo cuyo objetivo es analizar la incidencia del uso de cuestionarios formativos sobre los rendimientos obtenidos por los estudiantes de la asignatura de Contabilidad Financiera impartida en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB. Para ello disponemos de datos pertenecientes a 543 estudiantes relativos a grupo en el que se han matriculado, estudios que cursan, nota de acceso a la universidad, número de veces matriculado en la asignatura, notas parciales y finales de la parte de teoría, y a la realización de los cuestionarios interactivos. Sobre dichos datos se han aplicado diferentes análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA, teniendo en cuenta que las pendientes del modelo conside-rado pueden ser homogéneas o heterogéneas. Los resultados obtenidos aportan evidencia de diferencias significativas en el rendimiento medio obtenido por los diferentes grupos de la asignatura. Por lo que podemos concluir que la incorporación de cuestionarios en la estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje contribuye a mejorar los resultados promedio obtenidos por los estudiantes en asignaturas de carácter introductorio y en materia contable. Los cuestionarios formativos permiten al estudiante controlar su progreso en el proceso

Early and School-Age Care in Santa Monica: Current System, Policy Options, and Recommendations

Science.gov (United States)

Pierson, Ashley; Karoly, Lynn A.; Zellman, Gail L.; Beckett, Megan K.

2014-01-01

The landscape of early learning and out-of-school-time programs in the City of Santa Monica is complex, with numerous providers and funding streams. This complexity reflects its evolution in response to changes in federal, state, and local priorities and initiatives. Future shifts in funding levels, program auspices, and other features are likely.…

Reformulación del cuestionario de Michel para tamizaje de migraña

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Luis Alfonso Díaz Martínez

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes. Al estimar la prevalencia de migraña es importante conocer la capacidad discriminativa de la prueba empleada. El cuestionario de diagnóstico estandarizado para migraña de Michel es una herramienta útil en este sentido, pero es posible mejorar su capacidad diagnóstica ajustando los puntos asignados a cada ítem evaluado. Material y métodos. Se aplicó el cuestionario a 170 estudiantes de psicología seleccionados al azar, con posterior evaluación por neurólogo para corroborar el diagnóstico de migraña. Se utilizó la metodología de Kraemer para reasignar el puntaje del cuestionario con base a la asociación de un modelo saturado de regresión binomial de los ítems del cuestionario. Se estimaron las curvas receptor-operador (ROC para el sistema de puntuación original y para el sistema hallado, comparándolos por el método de máxima verosimilitud. Resultados: Con los puntajes originales el área bajo ROC fue de 0.8529; el mejor puntaje discri­mina­torio 13 puntos, con sensibilidad de 58.6 por ciento (IC95% 44.9%-71.4%, especificidad 89.3 por ciento (IC 95% 82.0%-94.3% y concordancia de 78.8 por ciento (IC 95% 71.9%-84.7%. Con el nuevo puntaje el área bajo ROC pasó a 0.907; la mejor capacidad de discriminación está en 18 puntos, con sensibilidad de 65.5 por ciento (IC95% 51.9%-77.5%, especificidad de 92.0 por ciento (IC95% 85.3%-93.3% y concordancia de 84.7 por ciento (IC95% 76.4%-89.3%. La ROC del nuevo sistema de puntuación es mejor que la original (p=0.016. Conclusiones. La reformulación del cuestionario optimiza la capacidad discriminatoria del cuestionario.

Cuestionario de afrontamiento del estrés (CAE) : validación en una muestra mexicana

OpenAIRE

González Ramírez, Mónica Teresa; Landero Hernández, René

2007-01-01

El artículo describe los resultados de la aplicación del Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés (San-dín, B. y Chorot, P. (2003). Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés (CAE): Desarrollo y validación preliminar. Revista de Psicopatología y Psic

Risco cardiovascular em vegetarianos e onívoros: um estudo comparativo Cardiovascular risk in vegetarians and omnivores: a comparative study

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Rita de Cássia Moreira de Almeida Teixeira

2007-10-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos demonstram grande associação da dieta com os agravos crônicos, particularmente com os eventos cardiovasculares, apesar de ainda não compreendidos todos os seus mecanismos de ação. OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar o risco cardiovascular em vegetarianos e onívoros residentes na Grande Vitória/ES, na faixa etária de 35 a 64 anos. MÉTODOS: Para avaliação do risco cardiovascular foi realizado estudo de coorte histórico com 201 indivíduos. Foram incluídos 67 vegetarianos há no mínimo 5 anos, provenientes da Grande Vitória, e 134 onívoros, participantes do Projeto MONICA/Vitória, pareados por classe socioeconômica, sexo, idade e raça. Medidas bioquímicas e hemodinâmicas foram obtidas na Clínica de Investigação Cardiovascular da UFES. Para comparação de proporções, foi usado o teste chi2 e calculada a razão de prevalência. O risco cardiovascular foi calculado por meio do algoritmo de Framingham. RESULTADOS: A idade média do grupo foi de 47 ± 8 anos e o tempo médio de vegetarianismo 19 ± 10 anos, sendo a dieta ovolactovegetariana seguida por 73% dos vegetarianos. Pressão arterial, glicemia de jejum, colesterol total, colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos foram mais baixos entre vegetarianos (pBACKGROUND: Clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between eating habits and chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular events, although not all the mechanisms of action are understood. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the cardiovascular risk (CVR in vegetarians and omnivores residing in Greater Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in the age range from 35 to 64 years. METHODS: To evaluate CVR in the groups, a historical cohort study with 201 individuals was conducted. Sixty seven individuals who had been following a vegetarian diet for at least five years, and who were from Greater Vit

Reproducibilidad del cuestionario: calidad de cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados

OpenAIRE

Claudia Consuelo Torres Contreras; Astrid Nathalia Páez Esteban; Leidy Rincón Sepúlveda; Diego Rosas Baez; Elsy Paola Mendoza Moreno

2016-01-01

Introducción: La medición de la calidad del cuidado de Enfermería requiere del uso de escalas válidas y confiables, es así como el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la reproducibilidad del cuestionario de calidad de cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas, se determinó la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad prueba reprueba del cuestionario, basado en sus...

FIABILIDAD Y VALIDEZ DEL CUESTIONARIO DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA PAQ-A EN ADOLESCENTES ESPAÑOLES

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David Martínez-Gómez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Los cuestionarios son una herramienta útil para valorar la actividad física (AF en grandes poblaciones. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario de AF PAQ-A en adolescentes españoles utilizando como criterio de referencia la medición de la AF por acelerómetro. Métodos: En una muestra de 82 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años se evaluó la fiabilidad test-retest de la versión española del cuestionario PAQ-A en una semana. La fiabilidad se calculó mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI, y la consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente ¿¿de Cronbach. En otra muestra de 232 adolescentes de 13 a 17 años se administró el PAQ-A, a la vez que se midió su AF durante 7 días mediante el acelerómetro ActiGraph GT1M. La asociación entre los resultados del PAQ-A y de la AF total y AF de moderada a vigorosa (AFMV obtenidos por el acelerómetro se analizó mediante la correlación de Spearman (rho. Resultados: La fiabilidad test-retest del PAQ-A mostró un CCI = 0,71 para la puntuación final del cuestionario. La consistencia interna mostró un coeficiente a= 0,65 para el primer cuestionario, a= 0,67 para el retest en la muestra de 82 adolescentes, y un coeficiente a= 0,74 en la muestra de 232 adolescentes. El PAQ-A mostró correlaciones moderadas con la AF total (rho = 0,39 y la AFMV (rho = 0,34 medidas mediante el acelerómetro. El PAQ-A obtuvo correlaciones moderadas y significativas para los chicos y no para las chicas al comparse con las medidas del acelerómetro. Conclusiones: El cuestionario de AF PAQ-A presenta una adecuada fiabilidad y una razonable validez para valorar la AF en adolescentes españoles.

Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario de actividad física PAQ-A en adolescentes españoles

OpenAIRE

Martínez-Gómez, David; Martínez-de-Haro, Vicente; Pozo, Tamara; Welk, Gregory J.; Villagra, Ariel; Calle, Marisa E.; Marcos, Ascensión; Veiga, Oscar L.

2009-01-01

Fundamentos: Los cuestionarios son una herramienta útil para valorar la actividad física (AF) en grandes poblaciones. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario de AF PAQ-A en adolescentes españoles utilizando como criterio de referencia la medición de la AF por acelerómetro. Métodos: En una muestra de 82 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años se evaluó la fiabilidad test-retest de la versión española del cuestionario PAQ-A en una semana. La fiabilidad se ...

Estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Creencias Adictivas en Fumadores (CCAF

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Alejandro Pérez

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: las creencias adictivas constituyen un riesgo para el uso de sustancias; contribuyen a mantener el consumo y proporcionan un trasfondo para la recaída. En la actualidad existen cuestionarios que miden creencias relacionadas con el consumo de sustancias de manera global, pero ninguno está enfocado en evaluar creencias adictivas en fumadores; hacerlo apoyaría en el manejo clínico de las personas que buscan dejar de fumar. Objetivo: evaluar la estructura factorial de un cuestionario que mide creencias adictivas en fumadores. Método: mediante un muestreo intencional se obtuvo una muestra de 300 jóvenes fumadores mayores de 18 años. Todos los participantes respondieron un cuestionario de autorreporte compuesto por 60 ítems que exploran creencias relacionadas con el consumo de tabaco. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC para determinar el modelo con un ajuste adecuado. Resultados: luego de evaluar dos modelos con AFC, se seleccionó uno de tres factores con una carga cruzada, cuyas medidas de bondad de ajuste fueron X2 S-B (22 = 38.37, p = .01, X2 S-B / gl = 1.74. CFIS = .978 RMSEAS = .050 (IC 90% .021–.076, que indican un ajuste adecuado de los datos. Discusión y conclusiones: la estructura factorial del CCAF está asociada con las creencias adictivas descritas por Beck. El CCAF es una herramienta breve que podría coadyuvar en el tratamiento de personas que buscan dejar de fumar.

EQUIVALENCIA FACTORIAL DEL CUESTIONARIO DE AGRESORES/ VÍCTIMAS DE OLWEUS SEGÚN GÉNERO

OpenAIRE

SANTIAGO ALEJANDRO RESETT; DIANA COSTA; CECILIA MURATA; NATALIA FALCONE

2015-01-01

Este trabajo aborda un tema de gran actualidad,pero escasamente evaluado con investigacionescientífico-empíricas en la Argentina: el bullying.El Cuestionario Revisado de Agresores / Víctimasde Olweus es uno de los instrumentos más usadosen el mundo para medir el ser acosado y acosar aotros alumnos, ya que tiende a funcionar similar-mente en las distintas naciones. Estudios extran-jeros y preliminares en la Argentina detectaronque dicho cuestionario presenta una dimensiónunifactorial tanto par...

Inteligencia Contextual Percibida en el Deporte. Desarrollo y Validación de un Cuestionario

OpenAIRE

Luis Miguel Ruiz Pérez; José Luis Graupera Sanz; Virginia García Coll

2014-01-01

El propósito de este estudio ha sido el desarrollo y validación de un Cuestionario de Inteligencia Contextual Percibida en el Deporte en una muestra de deportistas españoles de diferente nivel de pericia. Participaron 2091 deportistas (1519 hombres y 572 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 59 años (M = 20,8; DT = 6,14). Los análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio mostraron que el cuestionario presentaba una estructura de tres dimensiones (inteligencia anticipatoria, i...

Digital single-channel seismic-reflection data from western Santa Monica basin

Science.gov (United States)

Normark, William R.; Piper, David J.W.; Sliter, Ray W.; Triezenberg, Peter; Gutmacher, Christina E.

2006-01-01

During a collaborative project in 1992, Geological Survey of Canada and United States Geological Survey scientists obtained about 850 line-km of high-quality single-channel boomer and sleeve-gun seismic-reflection profiles across Hueneme, Mugu and Dume submarine fans, Santa Monica Basin, off southern California. The goals of this work were to better understand the processes that lead to the formation of sandy submarine fans and the role of sea-level changes in controlling fan development. This report includes a trackline map of the area surveyed, as well as images of the sleeve-gun profiles and the opportunity to download both images and digital data files (SEG-Y) of all the sleeve-gun profiles.

Construcción de un cuestionario para la evaluación de la gratitud: el Cuestionario de Gratitud-20 ítems (G-20

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Gloria Bernabé-Valero

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se desarrolló una escala para la medición de la gratitud. Un banco inicial de 50 ítems, construidos y revisados siguiendo criterios precisos, se administró a 330 universitarios españoles (242 mujeres, 72.5%; 88 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 43 años, M = 23.33, DT = 4.87. Un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio dio lugar a una solución terminal de 20 ítems con una estructura interna de 4 factores, que se denominó Cuestionario de Gratitud-20 Ítems. Un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio sobre la matriz de correlaciones policóricas mostró un adecuado ajuste de la escala. La escala y las componentes presentaron consistencia interna entre aceptable y alta. La validez concurrente se comprobó mediante correlación de Pearson con la escala Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form, y la validez discriminante mediante análisis confirmatorio de factores latentes con el Purpose-In-Life Test. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que las dimensiones del Cuestionario de Gratitud-20 Ítems pueden estar estrechamente relacionadas con la gratitud.

Cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad de los cursos virtuales de la UNED

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Sonia Mª Santoveña Casal

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo presentamos un cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad de los cursos virtuales, específicamente diseñado para las asignaturas virtualizadas y publicadas en WebCT por la UNED; sin embargo, fácilmente adaptable a otras plataformas y escenarios digitales. A través del cuestionario, podemos conocer cómo influye el uso de los medios tecnológicos en la calidad del aprendizaje y presentar una propuesta de mejora. El cuestionario está organizado en tres dimensiones principales: "Calidad general del Entorno y de la Metodología didáctica", la" Calidad Técnica: Navegación y diseño" y la "Calidad Técnica: Recursos multimedia", de los cursos entre las que se distribuyen los 36 ítems que lo forman. Para facilitar una evaluación cualitativa de los recursos didácticos se presentan 4 preguntas abiertas

Trends in lifestyle coronary risk factors in the Danish MONICA population 1982-1992

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gerdes, Lars Ulrik; Brønnum-Hansen, H; Osler, M

2002-01-01

Myocardial infarction incidence rate declined 3-5% per year during 1982-1992 in the Danish study population of the WHO MONICA Project. We examined whether smoking habits, alcohol intake, dietary habits and physical activity levels changed in the population during the same period. Data from 6695 men...... in 30-, 40- and 50-y-old women, but increased 0.9% per year in 60-y-old women. The percentages of heavy cigarette smoking men and women nevertheless remained constant and close to 30%. Total alcohol intake declined among 30-y-olds, but appeared constant in other age groups. However, among 60-y-old men...

Diseño de investigación cuantitativa y el cuestionario

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Jaume, María José

2007-01-01

Presenta el proceso y los distintos elementos a tener en cuenta en el diseño de la investigación cuantitativa y se desarrolla el protocolo a seguir y elementos a tener en cuenta cuando es el cuestionario la técnica de recogida de datos.

The geological setting of Santa Monica and San Pedro Basins, California Continental Borderland

Science.gov (United States)

Gorsline, D. S.

The California Continental Borderland's present configuration dates from about 4 to 5 × 10 6 years before present (BP) and is the most recent of several configuration of the southern California margin that have evolved after the North America plate over-rode the East Pacific Rise about 30 × 10 6 years ago. The present morphology is a series of two to three northwest-southeast trending rows of depressions separated by banks and insular ridges. Two inner basins, Santa Monica and San Pedro, have been the site for the California Basin Study (CaBs), funded by the US Department of Energy. The Santa Monica and San Pedro Basins contain post-Miocene sediment thicknesses of about 2.5 and 1.5 km respectively. During the Holocene (past 10,000 years) about 10-12m have accumulated. The sediment entered the basin by one or a combination of processes including particle infall (mainly as bioaggregates) from surface waters, from nepheloid plumes (surface, mid-depth and near-bottom), from turbidity currents, mass movements, and to a very minor degree direct precipitation. In Santa Monica Basin, during the last century, particle infall nepheloid plume transport have been the most common processes. The former process has been dominant in thecentral basin at water depths from 900-945m, where characteristic silt-clay is found with a typical mean particle diameter of about 0.0006mm ( φ standard deviation = 2; φ skewness near zero). Kurtosis is typically 2 (platykurtic); these values indicate broad, near-log normal particle size distributions. The calcium carbonate content averages about 10% and organic carbon about 4%. Surficial sediment bulk densities are 1.1-1.2 and accumulation rates range from 16-30mg cm -2Yr 1 in this central fine deposit. Bottom water oxygen contents are at or below 0.1 ml 1 -1 so that bioturbation is inhibited, thus preserving the primary sedimentary stratification. There appear to be annual varves, but the laminae couplets are not simple wet-dry season pairs

Validez estructural de un cuestionario para medir comportamientos eficaces en los equipos de trabajo

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Tomas Bonavia

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un estudio de la validez estructural del cuestionario planteado por Philip R. Harris (1995; traducción al castellano realizada por el Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces, 2001 orientado a evaluar la eficacia del comportamiento individual de las personas que trabajan en un equipo. El instrumento se aplicó a una muestra compuesta por 771 empleados pertenecientes a distintos equipos de trabajo existentes en diversas organizaciones dedicadas a la atención a la dependencia. La realización del análisis factorial exploratorio reveló una estructura factorial de tres dimensiones, etiquetadas como "habilidades comunicativas", "expresión emocional" y "aceptación", que explicaba el 63.2% de la varianza común total. El autor del cuestionario propuso una interpretación de los datos basada en las respuestas dadas a cada uno de los ítems del cuestionario por separado. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos en este estudio respaldan la obtención de puntuaciones en los tres factores extraídos, los cuales representan dimensiones relevantes en el estudio de las habilidades que los componentes de un equipo eficaces deben poseer.

Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in the Czech Republic between 1985 and 2007

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bruthans, J.; Cifková, R.; Lánská, V.; O'Flaherty, M.; Critchley, J.A.; Holub, J.; Janský, P.; Zvárová, Jana; Capewell, S.

2014-01-01

Roč. 21, č. 7 (2014), s. 829-839 ISSN 2047-4873 Institutional support: RVO:67985807 Keywords : coronary heart disease * Czech MONICA and Czech post-MONICA * coronary heart disease management * coronary heart disease mortality * coronary heart disease risk factors Subject RIV: FA - Cardiovascular Disease s incl. Cardiotharic Surgery Impact factor: 3.319, year: 2014

Desarrollo de un cuestionario para estimar las habilidades digitales de estudiantes universitarios

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Javier Organista-Sandoval

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito del artículo es mostrar la ruta metodológica seguida para desarrollar un cuestionario para estimar las habilidades digitales con propósito educativo que tienen los estudiantes de una universidad pública mexicana. Se describe el desarrollo de un cuestionario basado en cuatro dimensiones: manejo de información, de comunicación, de organización y de tecnología portátil. Se recurre a la consulta de expertos para la delimitación de los factores, la elaboración de los reactivos y la estimación de un indicador de univocidad. Se aplica un análisis preliminar basado en modelado estructural de ecuaciones para obtener evidencias de validez de la escala desarrollada. El cuestionario se aplicó al azar a una muestra de 350 estudiantes. Se propuso un modelo conceptual para el constructo de habilidad digital, el cual tuvo la congruencia esperada entre las variables observadas y la estructura propuesta. Tras una primera aplicación se obtuvieron valores aceptables en tres de los índices de bondad de ajuste (RMSEA, GFI y AGFI, con excepción de Chi-cuadrada y se detectaron posibilidades de adecuar la escala con base en los índices de modificación derivados del programa AMOS. La información obtenida permitirá mejorar la escala propuesta. Determinar las habilidades digitales de los estudiantes es un punto de interés actual en la búsqueda de la innovación y eficiencia de las actividades educativas.

Cuestionario de Bienestar Laboral General: Estructura y Propiedades Psicométricas

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Josep M. Blanch

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A un colectivo de 1252 profesionales de la sanidad (medicina y enfermería y de la educación públicas que trabajan respectivamente en hospitales y en universidades de Brasil, Chile, Colombia y España, se le ha aplicado el Cuestionario de Bienestar Laboral General (qBLG que incluye series de ítems cerrados organizados de acuerdo con un modelo teórico según el cual el bienestar laboral general (qBLG incluye una dimensión de bienestar psicosocial (integrada por afectos, competencias y expectativas y otra de efectos colaterales (somatización, desgaste y alienación. Un análisis de componentes principales mostró la existencia de dos factores independientes en el qBLG, incluyendo el primero de ellos tres escalas de bienestar psicosocial y el segundo otras tres de efectos colaterales. Todas las escalas mostraron una alta consistencia interna, con valores a de Cronbach comprendidos entre .82 (alienación y .96 (expectativas. Los resultados indican que el cuestionario BLG reproduce fielmente la estructura del modelo teórico propuesto.

Composición e invarianza factorial del cuestionario IMAGEN en adolescentes mexicanos y españoles

OpenAIRE

Blanco, J.R.; Solano, N.; Benavides, E.V.; Ornelas, M.

2017-01-01

El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas propuestos por Solano-Pinto y Cano-Vindel (2010) para el cuestionario IMAGEN. La muestra total fue de 533 participantes 257 mexicanos y 276 españoles, con una edad media de 13.15 años (DE=1.10). La estructura factorial del cuestionario se analizó a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. Los análisis, muestran que una estructura de cinco factores es viable y adecuada. La estructura de cinco factores (perceptivo, ...

Validación de constructo de un Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Competencia Docente

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Edna Luna Serrano

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la estructura interna del Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Competencia Docente, producto de un riguroso proceso metodológico de acumulación de evidencias de validez y confiabilidad. El cuestionario se fundamenta en el Modelo de Evaluación de Competencias Docentes (MECD. Se replicaron los análisis de unidimensionalidad (n=128,791 y AFE (n=67,111, como resultado se demostró que 32 reactivos evalúan el mismo constructo, la estructura interna reveló dos factores: planeación y gestión del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje y conducción y valoración del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje; una varianza total de 75.02% y alpha de Cronbach de .98. La estructura se comprobó con modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales (n=462, donde resultó un RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.02, CFI y TLI=93. Se concluye que el cuestionario integra los componentes de la competencia docente significativos para los estudiantes y se demuestra su representatividad con las dimensiones del MECD.

Validación del cuestionario de medida del conocimiento del paciente sobre su medicamento adaptado al portugués

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Joaquín Salmerón Rubio

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Validación de un cuestionario adaptado transculturalmente al portugués en cinco farmacias comunitarias de Portugal. Se determino la capacidad discriminante de los ítems, la validez de contenido y de constructo, análisis factorial de componentes principales, la fiabilidad y su estabilidad. Se observó un elevado grado de equivalencia semántica entre el cuestionario original y el cuestionario adaptado transculturalmente al portugués. Se obtuvo un índice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin de 0.550, y el test de esferidad de Bartlett confirmó la adecuación de los datos para la aplicación del análisis factorial (p < 0.0001. Se consideraron 3 factores que explicaron el 52.6% de la variabilidad total. Con respecto a la fiabilidad se obtuvo un á de Cronbach de 0.519, un C.Kappa = 0.89 y CCI = 0.756 (IC = 0.598-0.963. En este trabajo se elabora la primera adaptación para la cultura portuguesa de un cuestionario específico para medir el grado de conocimiento que tienen los pacientes sobre los medicamentos.

Validación del cuestionario de Salud Eduactiva

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José Miguel García Ramírez

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En el ámbito universitario el estrés y el burnout, acompañados de una falta de actividad física y de una dieta alimenticia adecuada actúan contra la salud y bienestar psicológico de su alumnado. Este estudio adapta y valida un cuestionario para evaluar y prevenir el deterioro de la salud y el bienestar psicológico subjetivo del alumnado de la Universidad de Granada, a partir del cuestionario istas21 (Moncada, Llorens, Navarro y Kristensen, 2005 y la escala de flow (Jackson y Eklund, 2002. También se adapta y propone un modelo de intervención a partir del Modelo Circumplejo de las Emociones (Russel, 1978 y el Modelo Bidimensional del Bienestar Subjetivo en el Trabajo (Bakker y Oerlemans, 2011 para reducir el estrés y el burnout en estudiantes. Validation of the Active Educational Health Questionnarie Abstract: In the university context, stress and burnout, accompanied by a lack of physical activity and a proper diet are detrimental to the health and psychological well-being of the students. This study adapts and validates a questionnaire to evaluate and prevent the deterioration of the health and subjective psychological well-being of the students of the University of Granada, using the istas21 questionnaire (Moncada, Llorens, Navarro and Kristensen, 2005 and the flow scale (Jackson and Eklund, 2002. It also adapts and proposes an intervention model based on the Circumplex Model of Emotions (Russell, 1978 and the Two-Dimensional Model of Work-Related Subjective Well-Being (Bakker and Oerlemans, 2011 to reduce stress and burnout in students.

Capital psicológico positivo: validación del cuestionario PCQ en España

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Garazi Azanza

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se describe el constructo de capital psicológico positivo (Luthans y Youssef, 2004 y la validación en España de un instrumento para medirlo: el PCQ (Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Este cuestionario mide cuatro aspectos diferentes, aunque relacionados entre sí, del concepto más amplio de capital psicológico. Estos aspectos son la autoeficacia, la esperanza, el optimismo y la resiliencia. Los resultados obtenidos (N = 372 a través del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales confirmaron que la versión española del cuestionario presenta una alta fiabilidad, así como validez convergente y discriminante. Se discuten los resultados, aportaciones y limitaciones del presente estudio.

Cuestionario de evaluación motivacional del proceso de aprendizaje (EMPA

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Raúl Quevedo-Blasco

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje la intervención en el aula es sin duda, uno de los elementos más difíciles y complejos de diseñar y llevar a cabo en busca del logro del mayor grado posible de aprendizaje por parte del alumnado. Debido a la importancia de éste constructo, el objetivo del presente estudio fue la creación y validación (muestra de 1401 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y 17 años de un cuestionario de evaluación motivacional del proceso de aprendizaje. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen un instrumento formado por 33 ítems, que proporciona información relativa a la motivación intrínseca, extrínseca y global con α de Cronbach de .83, .93 y .93 respectivamente. Los baremos de interpretación del cuestionario para cada tipo de motivación están divididos en función del sexo y de la edad, proporcionando de esta forma comparaciones entre los grupos de iguales de forma fiable.

Impact of age on the importance of systolic and diastolic blood pressures for stroke risk: the MOnica, Risk, Genetics, Archiving, and Monograph (MORGAM) Project.

Science.gov (United States)

Vishram, Julie K K; Borglykke, Anders; Andreasen, Anne H; Jeppesen, Jørgen; Ibsen, Hans; Jørgensen, Torben; Broda, Grazyna; Palmieri, Luigi; Giampaoli, Simona; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Kee, Frank; Mancia, Giuseppe; Cesana, Giancarlo; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Sans, Susana; Olsen, Michael H

2012-11-01

This study investigates age-related shifts in the relative importance of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures as predictors of stroke and whether these relations are influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. Using 34 European cohorts from the MOnica, Risk, Genetics, Archiving, and Monograph (MORGAM) Project with baseline between 1982 and 1997, 68 551 subjects aged 19 to 78 years, without cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive treatment, were included. During a mean of 13.2 years of follow-up, stroke incidence was 2.8%. Stroke risk was analyzed using hazard ratios per 10-mm Hg/5-mm Hg increase in SBP/DBP by multivariate-adjusted Cox regressions, including SBP and DBP simultaneously. Because of nonlinearity, DBP was analyzed separately for DBP ≥ 71 mm Hg and DBP <71 mm Hg. Stroke risk was associated positively with SBP and DBP ≥ 71 mm Hg (SBP/DBP ≥ 71 mm Hg; hazard ratios: 1.15/1.06 [95% CI: 1.12-1.18/1.03-1.09]) and negatively with DBP <71 mm Hg (0.88[0.79-0.98]). The hazard ratio for DBP decreased with age (P<0.001) and was not influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. Taking into account the age × DBP interaction, both SBP and DBP ≥ 71 mm Hg were significantly associated with stroke risk until age 62 years, but in subjects older than 46 years the superiority of SBP for stroke risk exceeded that of DBP ≥ 71 mm Hg and remained significant until age 78 years. DBP <71 mm Hg became significant at age 50 years with an inverse relation to stroke risk. In Europeans, stroke risk should be assessed by both SBP and DBP until age 62 years with increased focus on SBP from age 47 years. From age 62 years, emphasis should be on SBP without neglecting the potential harm of very low DBP.

Dise??o y validaci??n de un cuestionario sobre patrones de conducci??n de riesgo en j??venes

OpenAIRE

Jim??nez Mej??as, Eladio; Luna del Castillo, Juan de Dios; Amezcua Prieto, Carmen; Olvera Porcel, Mar??a del Carmen; Lardelli-Claret, Pablo; Jim??nez-Mole??n, Jos??

2012-01-01

Fundamentos: Las Lesiones por Tr??fico contin??an siendo un importante problema de Salud P??blica en poblaci??n joven. A pesar de ello, no existen en nuestro pa??s cuestionarios id??neos para la investigaci??n epidemiol??gica de este problema. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue dise??ar y validar un cuestionario orientado a explorar la frecuencia de implicaci??n en circunstancias de conducci??n te??ricamente asociadas con la accidentalidad por tr??fico en poblaci??n universitaria. M??tod...

TRADUCCIÓN AL ESPAÑOL Y VALIDACIÓN DEL CUESTIONARIO DE CREENCIAS EN SALUD BUCAL PARA CUIDADORES (DCBS-SP

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Constanza Garrido Urrutia

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Los cuidadores de personas discapacitadas, dependientes, de adultos mayores institucionalizados y hospitalizados deben proveer el cuidado bucal de los pacientes a su cargo, por lo que es necesario contar con un instrumento en español que permita medir las creencias en salud bucal de los cuidadores. El objetivo de esta investigación fue traducir al español el Cuestionario Nursing Dental Coping Belifes Scale (Nursing DCBS y validarlo para su uso en cuidadores de habla hispana. Métodos: El Cuestionario Nursing DCBS fue traducido al español y realizada su adaptabilidad lingüística. Un grupo de expertos realizó su validación por apariencia y contenido. Se llevó a cabo una prueba piloto del cuestionario en español en un grupo de 118 estudiantes de la carrera de técnico en asistente de enfermería de dos institutos profesionales. Se analizó la confiabilidad del instrumento mediante la consistencia interna con el Alfa Cronbach y su estabilidad mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI. Resultados: La evaluación de su consistencia interna mostró valores Alfa para el cuestionario completo de 0,64 y la evaluación de su estabilidad de medición mostró un valor de CCI de 0,5. Conclusiones: El DCBS-Sp para cuidadores es un cuestionario que presenta una consistencia interna que permite recomendarlo como instrumento de medición de creencias en salud bucal de personas que desempeñen el rol de cuidadores. Sin embargo, futuras investigaciones deben reevaluar sus características psicométricas, en especial su estabilidad como instrumento.

Validez y reproducibilidad de un cuestionario de actividad e inactividad física para escolares de la ciudad de México

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Hernández Bernardo

2000-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar la validez y reproducibilidad de un cuestionario autoaplicado de actividad e inactividad física en escolares de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló un cuestionario autoaplicado sobre la actividad e inactividad física que se aplicó dos veces a una muestra de 114 estudiantes, de 10 a 14 años de edad, en una población de bajos y medianos ingresos de la ciudad de México, entre mayo y diciembre de 1996. Las madres de los estudiantes llenaron el mismo cuestionario, mientras que aquéllos completaron dos recordatorios de actividad física de 24 horas, que se usaron como criterio de comparación. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión y se estimó correlación de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Las correlaciones entre las horas al día dedicadas a la actividad e inactividad física del cuestionario de los estudiantes y las de los recordatorios de 24 horas ajustadas por edad, sexo, zona de residencia y enfermedad anterior a la administración del cuestionario fueron de 0.03 para la actividad moderada, de 0.15 para la actividad vigorosa y de 0.51 (p=0.001 para el tiempo dedicado a ver televisión. Al comparar con los recordatorios de 24 horas, el cuestionario sobrestimó el tiempo de ver televisión, leer o participar en actividades vigorosas, y subestimó el tiempo de actividad moderada. Se observaron coeficientes de reproducibilidad en seis meses aceptables para el tiempo de ver televisión (r=0.53, dormir (r=0.40, actividad moderada (r=0.38 y actividad vigorosa (r=0.55 (p<0.05. CONCLUSIONES: Entre los estudiantes de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de México, el cuestionario mostró validez aceptable para estimar el tiempo de ver televisión, y una reproducibilidad aceptable de las medidas del tiempo de ver televisión, de la actividad moderada y de la vigorosa.

Reproducibilidad del cuestionario: calidad de cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados

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Claudia Consuelo Torres Contreras

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La medición de la calidad del cuidado de Enfermería requiere del uso de escalas válidas y confiables, es así como el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la reproducibilidad del cuestionario de calidad de cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas, se determinó la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad prueba reprueba del cuestionario, basado en sus dos dimensiones: experiencias y satisfacción con el cuidado de enfermería. Tipo de muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Resultados: En cuanto a la reproducibilidad del instrumento, en la dimensión de experiencia con los cuidados la mayoría de los ítems se encuentran con coeficientes de correlación intraclase por debajo de 0.7, con una media de 0.623; en la dimensión de satisfacción de los cuidados, la mayoría de los ítems están por encima de 0.7 con una media de 0.873. La confiabilidad del instrumento medida a través del Alfa de Cronbach fue 0.930, en la dimensión de experiencia 0.904 y 0.980 en la dimensión de satisfacción. Discusión: El Cuestionario de Calidad de Cuidados de Enfermería, en sus dos dimensiones de experiencia y satisfacción de los cuidados fue adecuadamente entendido por parte de los participantes y Luego de su aplicación se considera una confiable para pacientes de diferentes servicios de hospitalización. Conclusiones: El instrumento es una escala confiable para la evaluación de la calidad del cuidado. El instrumento mostró un alto grado de reproducibilidad para la dimensión de satisfacción con los cuidados. Cómo citar este artículo: Torres CC, Páez AN, Rincón L, Rosas D, Mendoza EP. Reproducibilidad del cuestionario: calidad de cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados. Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(2: 1338-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i2.339

Inteligencia Contextual Percibida en el Deporte. Desarrollo y Validación de un Cuestionario

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Luis Miguel Ruiz Pérez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio ha sido el desarrollo y validación de un Cuestionario de Inteligencia Contextual Percibida en el Deporte en una muestra de deportistas españoles de diferente nivel de pericia. Participaron 2091 deportistas (1519 hombres y 572 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 59 años (M = 20,8; DT = 6,14. Los análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio mostraron que el cuestionario presentaba una estructura de tres dimensiones (inteligencia anticipatoria, inteligencia táctica e inteligencia competitiva, además de permitir obtener la obtención de un valor de la escala general denominado Inteligencia Contextual en el Deporte. Las propiedades psicométricas de validez y la fiabilidad del instrumento fueron excelentes para poder ser empleado en estudios en los que esta dimensión sea de interés.

El cuestionario general de salud (GHQ-28 en pacientes con fibromialgia: propiedades psicométricas y adecuación

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Miguel A. Vallejoa

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La fibromialgia es un síndrome que incluye síntomas como dolor generalizado musculoesquelético, problemas emocionales y cognitivos, así como dificultades de adaptación. El Cuestionario General de Salud (GHQ-28 ha sido ampliamente usado, aunque apenas existen datos sobre su utilización en pacientes de fibromialgia. Se han estudiado 301 pacientes de esta patología, analizándose la bondad del cuestionario y su estructura y obteniéndose altos niveles en ansiedad (X–=1.5, disfunción social (X–=1.56 y síntomas somáticos del GHQ-28 (X–=1.67. La fiabilidad es adecuada (α de Cronbach = .94. La estructura factorial analizada de cuatro factores se ajusta a la propuesta por los autores del cuestionario. Se concluye que el GHQ-28 ha sido útil para explorar la sintomatología psicológica en los pacientes de fibromialgia.

Validación de un cuestionario para identificar daños y exposición a riesgos ergonómicos en el trabajo

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Ana M. García

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: En las intervenciones de ergonomía participativa es frecuente utilizar cuestionarios autoadministrados para obtener información acerca de los daños y riesgos ergonómicos percibidos por los trabajadores. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la validez de un cuestionario diseñado para su utilización en este tipo de programas. Métodos: Participaron 35 trabajadores voluntarios de diez empresas de Valencia y Alicante. El trabajo de campo se realizó en 2009. Se siguieron tres estrategias: análisis de repetibilidad en dos vueltas del cuestionario, comparación de las respuestas al cuestionario (primera vuelta con la información obtenida mediante observación directa de los puestos de trabajo y comparación de la información recogida en el cuestionario con la incluida en los informes rutinarios de vigilancia de la salud y evaluación de riesgos disponibles en las empresas. Resultados: En el análisis de repetibilidad, la concordancia (Kappa ponderado, Kp de los ítems que valoraban la presencia de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en las distintas zonas del cuerpo (con la excepción de "muslos" se situaron entre 0,32 (IC95% 0,05-0,59 y 0,70 (IC95% 0,41-0,99. En relación con la exposición a riesgos ergonómicos, se observaron en general concordancias más bajas, por ejemplo Kp para posturas del cuello entre 0,36 (cuello hacia atrás, IC95% 0,11-0,61 y 0,55 (cuello hacia delante, IC95% 0,30-0,80. En el análisis de comparación con la observación de los puestos de trabajo se encontraron las menores concordancias. La mayoría de las preguntas del cuestionario presentan niveles de concordancia aceptables en el análisis de repetibilidad. Conclusiones: En la comparación con la observación los índices son en general más bajos. La mayoría de los problemas referidos por los trabajadores en el cuestionario no se reflejaban en los informes rutinarios de las empresas. El cuestionario es más sensible que otras estrategias rutinarias

LAS COMPETENCIAS TRANSVERSALES EN LA UNIVERSIDAD: PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DE UN CUESTIONARIO

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Pilar Martínez Clares

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Una de las exigencias que plantea la sociedad a la universidad es potenciar y facilitar la inserción socio-laboral de los futuros egresados. Conscientes de esta realidad, este trabajo pretende elaborar un instrumento que permita calibrar la adecuación entre la formación universitaria y los requerimientos competencia- les del mercado laboral a través del estudio de la formación en Competencias Transversales (CT en las aulas universitarias. Para ello, se plantea analizar las características psicométricas del cuestionario CECTGRA diseñado ad hoc y dirigido a valorar el desarrollo y dominio de las CT, así como su relevancia para el desarrollo profesional del egresado. Tras el diseño y aplicación del instrumento de recogida de información a una muestra de 1062 estudiantes de último año de Grado de las distintas ramas de conocimiento, se analiza la ®abilidad y se obtienen las evidencias de validez basadas en el contenido y en la estructura interna del cuestionario mediante el método de agregados individua- les y los Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales con la aplicación del programa AMOS. Los análisis muestran unos resultados satisfactorios en relación a la ®abilidad de la escala global (desarrollo, α =.927; dominio, α =.881, y relevancia, α =.917 y de las subescalas resultantes (competencias instrumentales, α =.785, α =.718 y α =.819; competencias personales, α =.825, α =.774 y α =.743; compe-tencias sistémicas, α =.899, α =.881 y α =.864 respectivamente para desarrollo, dominio y relevancia. Asimismo, una vez obtenidas las evidencias de validez sobre la estructura interna del cuestionario a través del Análisis Factorial Con- ®rmatorio (CFI=.947; IFI=.947; NFI=.938 y RMSEA=.072 se constata que se trata de un instrumento que reúne las especi®caciones técnicas exigidas para ser considerado una herramienta válida y ®able.

Cuestionario de Sucesos Vitales (CSV): Estructura factorial, propiedades psicométricas y datos normativos

OpenAIRE

Sandín, Bonifacio; Chorot, Paloma

2017-01-01

El objetivo del estudio fue validar el Cuestionario de Sucesos Vitales (CSV). Se utilizaron dos muestras amplias e independientes (rango de edad: 19-67 años). Se aplicó un protocolo en dos momentos temporales (separados por 6 meses) que incluía el CS

Consistencia interna del cuestionario autoadministrado de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para Trastornos del Eje II del DSM-IV*

OpenAIRE

Campo-Arias, Adalberto; Díaz-Martínez, Luis Alfonso; Barros-Bermúdez, Jaider Alfonso

2008-01-01

Introducción: Es infrecuente identificar posibles casos de trastornos de personalidad en la población general, debido a la carencia de instrumentos autoadministrados con buena validez y confiabilidad. Hasta la fecha no se ha explorado la confiabilidad del cuestionario autoadministrado de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para Diagnósticos del eje II (SDID-II) del DSM-IV en la población colombiana. Objetivo: Determinar la consistencia interna de las subescalas del cuestionario autoadministrad...

Propuesta de un cuestionario breve para la evaluación de la competitividad en el ámbito deportivo: Competitividad-10

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Eduardo Remor

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se ha desarrollado y analizado psicométricamente un cuestionario breve para la evaluación de la competitividad en el deporte. El desarrollo de los ítems para el instrumento parte de una revisión bibliográfica sobre las teorías de logro relacionadas con el deporte (validez de contenido. Seguidamente, se realizó un experimento donde se expuso a los participantes a una situación de competición y se utilizó dicha situación como criterio externo para la valoración del grado de competitividad y éxito en la competición (validez empírica. El experimento, y estudio psicométrico, incluyó a 153 deportistas estudiantes universitarios (43,8% mujeres y 56,2% hombres con edades entre los 19 y 32 años (media 22,9 años, DT=2,5. Los resultados del análisis factorial ofrecieron apoyo a la validez de constructo, identificando dos dimensiones independientes: Motivación de éxito (a = .66 y Motivación para evitar el fracaso (a = .66, siendo aceptable la fiabilidad de ambas. También se ha identificado la validez de criterio, concurrente, discriminante y predictiva (sensibilidad y especificidad del cuestionario teniendo en cuenta el resultado en la competición y la autovaloración subjetiva del grado de competitividad. La sensibilidad y especificidad del cuestionario fueron 72,6% y 50,7%, respectivamente. En resumen, los indicadores psicométricos del cuestionario confirman la validez de constructo, y sostienen la fiabilidad y validez empírica del cuestionario. Se han observado diferencias de género y un efecto de la edad sobre la motivación de éxito.

CUESTIONARIO DE OPINIÓN PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DEL DESEMPEÑO DOCENTE EN LA UNAN-MANAGUA, NICARAGUA, FAREM-CHONTALES

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Tonys Romero Díaz

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo expone la metodología empleada para desarrollar un cuestionario de evaluación docente para la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Chontales (FAREM, Nicaragua, al que nombramos CEDUCH, y los resultados obtenidos durante la investigación. El cuestionario consta de 30 preguntas distribuidas en ocho dimensiones o categorías las cuales se obtuvieron de un pilotaje mediante el Análisis Factorial exploratorio. Estas dimensiones mostraron estar altamente correlacionadas positivamente entre sí, confirmando que el cuestionario es multidimensional. Se utilizó una escala Likert de 5 adjetivos de respuesta, y para la valoración final se construyó una escala de 3 calificativos. Se aplicó una muestra probabilística de 453 estudiantes en la institución en donde los análisis realizados ítem-test e ítem-ítem mostraron correlaciones significativas que demuestran que las preguntas discriminan de acuerdo con el constructo medido. La validez de contenido del constructo arrojó un índice de 0.933; la consistencia interna mostró resultados altos e iguales a 0.967 el coeficiente theta y de 0.975 el coeficiente omega; la confiabilidad de la prueba se determinó mediante el Alfa de Cronbach donde se obtuvo un coeficiente de 0.966. Dado que el desempeño docente es multidimensional, se recomienda complementar el cuestionario con otro tipo de metodología que permita valorar holísticamente el actuar docente.

Validación del cuestionario International Fitness Scale (IFIS en sujetos colombianos de entre 18 y 30 años de edad

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Mayra Nathalie Español Moya

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: El cuestionario de auto-reporte de la condición física. The International FItness Scale (IFIS version 5 items fue creado como parte del proyecto financiado por la union europea Study Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar en jovenes colombianos su estabilidad temporal, consistencia interna, el grado de acuerdo y su aplicabilidad . Métodos: Un total de 2.340 sujetos (1.376 mujeres y 964 varones entre 18 y 30 anos de edad completaron el cuestionario IFIS. El coeficiente de correlacion intraclase (CCI y el grado de acuerdo se calcularon para evaluar la estabilidad temporal con un periodo de 7 dias entre ambas administraciones. Como indicador de la consistencia interna de la escala se estimo el alpha cronbach y para medir el porcentaje de ocasiones en que las personas suministraron el mismo resultado se calculo el grado de acuerdo. Resultados: El cuestionario IFIS mostro a nivel global un alfa de cronbach de 0,80 y un rango del CCI entre 0,90-0,96. El porcentaje de acuerdo por todos los conceptos individuales vario de 77 a 86%. El tiempo medio (± DE para el diligenciamiento de cuestionario fue de 3 minutos y 47 segundos (± 2 minutos. Conclusiones: El cuestionario IFIS mostro alta consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal que avalan la utilizacion de este instrumento en jovenes colombianos. El IFIS esta disponible para evaluar su utilidad y aplicabilidad en América Latina.

Estado actual de la rehabilitación cardiovascular en Colombia (2010 Current status of cardiovascular rehabilitation in Colombia (2010

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Claudia V Anchique

2011-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de morbimortalidad en muchos países del mundo, entre los que se incluye Colombia. Es así como la rehabilitación cardiovascular se convierte en una estrategia de prevención secundaria con intervención integral y costo-efectiva para este tipo de pacientes. OBJETIVO: evaluar la situación actual de los programas de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular en Colombia. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, realizado por medio de un cuestionario escrito, aplicado al coordinador y/o responsable de cada programa de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular del país. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS: 44 de 49 centros contactados respondieron el cuestionario. 88,6% de los programas pertenece a la red privada y 6,8% a la pública; 75% funciona dentro de un hospital o clínica y 25% son extra hospitalarios. La enfermedad coronaria es la principal patología que genera la remisión de los pacientes a los centros de rehabilitación cardiovascular. El recurso humano es variable en cuanto a su conformación, permanencia y actividades al interior del programa. Todos los centros realizan la fase II, seguida por las fases III (84,1%, I (70,5% y IV (45,5%. 58% de los programas siempre incluye pruebas diagnósticas de factores de riesgo convencionales (colesterol total y fracciones, triglicéridos y glicemia; 97,7% de los programas refiere evaluar al paciente de manera integral con la inclusión de aspectos de actividad física y nutrición; sin embargo, se evidencia menor porcentaje de implementación del manejo del tabaquismo (45,5%, así como de programas de salud cardiovascular en la mujer (15,95%, prevención cardiovascular para la comunidad (18,2%, pruebas para detección de depresión (25%, apnea del sueño (0% y caminata de seis minutos (65,9%. La principal barrera detectada en la atención de pacientes corresponde a la falta de remisión por parte del médico tratante (65,9%. CONCLUSIóN: el desarrollo de los

Prevalencia del consumo de medicamentos en la población adulta de Cataluña

OpenAIRE

Sans S.; Paluzie G.; Puig T.; Balañá L.; Balaguer-Vintró I.

2002-01-01

Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de la utilización de medicamentos según factores sociodemográficos y estado de salud autopercibido en la población adulta. Métodos: Examen de salud transversal del estudio CRONICAT/MONICA-Cataluña realizado en 1994-1996 en una muestra aleatoria de la población general de 25 a 64 años. Se interrogó a 3.421 participantes (tasa de respuesta del 72%) con cuestionario abierto sobre los medicamentos consumidos durante las dos semanas previas y otros hábitos de sa...

Versión Española del Cuestionario-Revisado de Imagen del Movimiento (MIQ-R: Validación y propiedades psicométricas

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Alfredo Campos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación deseábamos saber los factores que tenía la versión española del Cuestionario-Revisado de Imagen del Movimiento (MIQ-R, y cómo se distribuían los ítems. También deseábamos conocer la consistencia interna y cómo correlacionaba con otras medidas de habilidad de imagen. Para ello aplicamos la versión española del MIQ-R a una muestra de 201 estudiantes universitarios, y encontramos, mediante análisis factorial, que el cuestionario consta de dos factores, que juntos explican el 66.11% de la varianza total. Estos dos factores corresponden a la subescala visual y a la subescala cinestésica. La consistencia del test fue satisfactoria, tanto la consistencia de la puntuación total del test, como la de cada una de las dos subescalas. El MIQ-R correlacionó -.34 con el Cuestionario de Viveza de Imagen del Movimiento (VMIQ, y -.26 con el Cuestionario de Viveza de Imagen Visual (VVIQ. La versión española del MIQ-R se considera una buena medida de imagen del movimiento.

Adaptación Española del Cuestionario de Expectativas del Alcohol en Adolescentes

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José J. Gázquez

2016-08-01

Full Text Available El alcohol es una sustancia bastante consumida entre los adolescentes. Debido al relevante papel que ocupan las expectativas acerca del alcohol para la comprensión de la conducta de consumo en la adolescencia, es relevante el diseño de instrumentos válidos y fiables para evaluar estas creencias. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue validar la versión española del Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire Adolescent, Brief (AEQ-AB. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 315 adolescentes de entre 14 y 18 años que cumplimentaron un cuestionario ad hoc sobre datos demográficos, la versión española del EQ y del AEQ-AB. El análisis factorial mostró que el modelo original de 7 ítems, agrupados en dos factores (positivos y negativos, se ajusta correctamente a la muestra española. El análisis de fiabilidad y validez mostró valores adecuados en la traducción y adaptación del cuestionario AEQ-AB en adolescentes españoles.

Association between domains of physical activity and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.

Science.gov (United States)

Autenrieth, Christine S; Baumert, Jens; Baumeister, Sebastian E; Fischer, Beate; Peters, Annette; Döring, Angela; Thorand, Barbara

2011-02-01

Few studies have investigated the independent effects of domain-specific physical activity on mortality. We sought to investigate the association of physical activity performed in different domains of daily living on all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) and cancer mortality. Using a prospective cohort design, 4,672 men and women, aged 25-74 years, who participated in the baseline examination of the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Survey 1989/1990 were classified according to their activity level (no, light, moderate, vigorous). Domains of self-reported physical activity (work, transportation, household, leisure time) and total activity were assessed by the validated MOSPA (MONICA Optional Study on Physical Activity) questionnaire. After a median follow-up of 17.8 years, a total of 995 deaths occurred, with 452 from CVD and 326 from cancer. For all-cause mortality, hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (HR, 95% CI) of the highly active versus the inactive reference group were 0.69 (0.48-1.00) for work, 0.48 (0.36-0.65) for leisure time, and 0.73 (0.59-0.90) for total activity after multivariable adjustments. Reduced risks of CVD mortality were observed for high levels of work (0.54, 0.31-0.93), household (0.80, 0.54-1.19), leisure time (0.50, 0.31-0.79) and total activity (0.75, 0.55-1.03). Leisure time (0.36, 0.23-0.59) and total activity (0.62, 0.43-0.88) were associated with reduced risks of cancer mortality. Light household activity was related to lower all-cause (0.82, 0.71-0.95) and CVD (0.72, 0.58-0.89) mortality. No clear effects were found for transportation activities. Our findings suggest that work, household, leisure time and total physical activity, but not transportation activity, may protect from premature mortality.

Validación del Cuestionario de Creencias Centrales de los Trastornos de la Personalidad (CCE-TP) en población colombiana

OpenAIRE

Londoño A., Nora Helena; Maestre C., Katherine; Marín M., Carlos Alberto; Schnitter C., Mónica; Castrillón M., Diego; Ferrer B., Alberto; Chaves C., Liliana

2007-01-01

Se construyó un cuestionario para evaluar creencias centrales asociadas con los trastornos de la personalidad, fundamentadas en el Modelo de la Terapia Cognitiva. Se realizó el análisis estructural y la validez de contenido de la prueba en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La muestra fue representativa y elegida al azar a través de un procedimiento polietápico. Un número de 809 estudiantes universitarios contestaron el cuestionario de creencias centrales de los trast...

Validación del Cuestionario de Creencias Centrales de los Trastornos de la Personalidad (CCE-TP) en población colombiana

OpenAIRE

Nora Helena Londoño A.; Katherine Maestre C.; Mónica Schnitter C.; Diego Castrillón M.; Alberto Ferrer B.; Liliana Chavez C.

2010-01-01

Se construyó un cuestionario para evaluar creencias centrales asociadas con los trastornos de la personalidad, fundamentadas en el Modelo de la Terapia Cognitiva. Se realizó el análisis estructural y la validez de contenido de la prueba en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La muestra fue representativa y elegida al azar a través de un procedimiento polietápico. Un número de 809 estudiantes universitarios contestaron el cuestionario de creencias centrales de los trast...

Measures of abdominal adiposity and the risk of stroke: the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) study.

Science.gov (United States)

Bodenant, Marie; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Wagner, Aline; Kee, Frank; Palmieri, Luigi; Ferrario, Marco M; Montaye, Michèle; Amouyel, Philippe; Dallongeville, Jean

2011-10-01

Excess fat accumulates in the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue compartments. We tested the hypothesis that indicators of visceral adiposity, namely, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), are better predictors of stroke risk than body mass index (BMI). The association of BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR with stroke was assessed in 31,201 men and 23,516 women, free of vascular disease at baseline, from the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) study. During a mean follow-up of 11 years, 1130 strokes were recorded. Relative risks (95% CI) were calculated by Cox regression after stratification for center and adjustment for age, smoking, educational level, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMI and model fit was assessed using log-likelihoods. BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR were associated with the risk of stroke in men. After full adjustment including BMI, the relative risks for stroke remained significant for WC (1.19 [1.02 to 1.34] per 1 SD increase in WC), WHR (1.14 [1.03 to 1.26]), and WHtR (1.50 [1.28 to 1.77]). Among women, the extent of the associations with stroke risk was similar for WHtR (1.31 [1.04 to 1.65]), WC (1.19 [0.96 to 1.47]), and WHR (1.08 [0.97 to 1.22]). Further analyses by World Health Organization obesity categories showed that WC, WHR, and WHtR were associated with the risk of stroke also in lean men and women (BMI<25 kg/m2), independently of confounders, cardiovascular risk factors, and BMI. Indicators of abdominal adiposity, especially WHtR, are more strongly associated with stroke risk than BMI. These results emphasize the importance of measuring abdominal adiposity, especially in lean subjects.

Validación de un cuestionario de tareas de crianza en mujeres mexicanas

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Erica Robles Estrada

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento para medir la crianza que practican las madres mexicanas. Método: se realizó un estudio instrumental con análisis factorial para la validación de un instrumento. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de tareas de crianza para padres, de Rink y Knot-Dickscheit, en una muestra de 670 mujeres de la ciudad de Toluca, que tuvieran hijos de 12 años o más. Resultados: se encontraron siete factores del instrumento: comunicación entre padres e hijos, aceptación de la identidad del hijo, recursos materiales suficientes, control sobre las acciones de los hijos, cuidado de la salud física y mental, límites y expectativas y ambiente y vivienda. Tres de las diez tareas de crianza incluidas en la versión original del Cuestionario ya no aparecieron en el instrumento validado: regularidad en las actividades diarias, buena red social y relaciones mutuas adecuadas en el hogar. Conclusión: se concluye que estos aspectos aparentemente son considerados de menor importancia en el proceso de crianza por las madres en el contexto sociocultural mexicano.

Increase in waist circumference over 6 years predicts subsequent cardiovascular disease and total mortality in nordic women

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klingberg, Sofia; Mehlig, Kirsten; Lanfer, Anne

2015-01-01

-shaped association. Associations between increase in WC and outcomes were restricted to women with normal weight at baseline and to ever-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to changes in HC which did not predict mortality and CVD, a 6-year increase in WC is strongly predictive, particularly among initially lean women...... and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in women but that gain or loss in HC was unrelated to these outcomes. This study examines whether a 6-year change in waist circumference (WC) predicts mortality and CVD in the same study sample. METHODS: Baseline WC and 6-year change in WC as predictors of mortality and CVD...... were analyzed in 2,492 women from the Danish MONICA study and the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden. RESULTS: Increase in WC was significantly associated with increased subsequent mortality and CVD adjusting for BMI and other covariates, with some evidence of a J...

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario sobre conocimientos y hábitos en higiene corporal infantil (HICORIN®)

OpenAIRE

Moreno-Martínez, Francisco José; Ruzafa-Martínez, María; Ramos-Morcillo, Antonio Jesús; Gómez García, Carmen Isabel; Hernández-Susarte, Ana María

2015-01-01

Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un cuestionario que valore integralmente los hábitos y conocimientos en higiene corporal en niños de 7 a 12 años en el entorno educativo y sociosanitario. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal para la validación de un cuestionario. Emplazamiento: Un colegio de educación primaria y secundaria de un área urbana y un centro de protección de menores de la Región de Murcia, España. Participantes: Ochenta y seis niños (80 de un colegio de educación primaria y ...

Consistencia interna y validez concurrente del cuestionario para evaluación de limitaciones y restricciones en niños con TDAH

OpenAIRE

Salamanca, L.M.

2014-01-01

El TDAH es uno de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en psiquiatría infantil, su diagnóstico temprano reviste una gran importancia para su intervención familiar, escolar y social. Basándose en la clasificación internacional del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud CIF, se diseñó un cuestionario para la evaluación de limitaciones en la actividad y restricciones en la participaciónen niños con TDAH, el cuestionario CLARP-TDAH versión padres y profesores. El objetivo de este artículo es deter...

Comments on Potential Geologic and Seismic Hazards Affecting Proposed Liquefied Natural Gas Site in Santa Monica Bay, California

Science.gov (United States)

Ross, Stephanie L.; Lee, Homa J.; Parsons, Tom E.; Beyer, Larry A.; Boore, David M.; Conrad, James E.; Edwards, Brian D.; Fisher, Michael A.; Frankel, Arthur D.; Geist, Eric L.; Hudnut, Kenneth W.; Hough, Susan E.; Kayen, Robert E.; Lorenson, T.D.; Luco, Nicolas; McCrory, Patricia A.; McGann, Mary; Nathenson, Manuel; Nolan, Michael; Petersen, Mark D.; Ponti, Daniel J.; Powell, Charles L.; Ryan, Holly F.; Tinsley, John C.; Wills, Chris J.; Wong, Florence L.; Xu, Jingping

2008-01-01

In a letter to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) dated March 25, 2008, Representative Jane Harman (California 36th district) requested advice on geologic hazards that should be considered in the review of a proposed liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility off the California coast in Santa Monica Bay. In 2004, the USGS responded to a similar request from Representative Lois Capps, regarding two proposed LNG facilities offshore Ventura County, Calif., with a report summarizing potential geologic and seismic hazards (Ross and others, 2004). The proposed LNG Deepwater Port (DWP) facility includes single point moorings (SPMs) and 35 miles of underwater pipelines. The DWP submersible buoys, manifolds, and risers would be situated on the floor of the southern Santa Monica Basin, in 3,000 feet of water, about 23 miles offshore of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Twin 24-inch diameter pipelines would extend northeastward from the buoys across the basin floor, up the basin slope and across the continental shelf, skirting north around the Santa Monica submarine canyon. Figure 1 provides locations of the project and geologic features. Acronyms are defined in table 1. This facility is being proposed in a region of known geologic hazards that arise from both the potential for strong earthquakes and geologic processes related to sediment transport and accumulation in the offshore environment. The probability of a damaging earthquake (considered here as magnitude 6.5 or greater) in the next 30 years within about 30 miles (50 km) of the proposed pipeline ranges from 16% at the pipeline's offshore end to 48% where it nears land (Petersen, 2008). Earthquakes of this magnitude are capable of producing strong shaking, surface fault offsets, liquefaction phenomena, landslides, underwater turbidity currents and debris flow avalanches, and tsunamis. As part of the DWP license application for the Woodside Natural Gas proposal in Santa Monica Bay (known as the OceanWay Secure Energy Project), Fugro

Traducción y validación del Cuestionario de Beneficios y Barreras del Control Prenatal en embarazadas de México Translation and Validation of the "Cuestionario de Beneficios y Barreras del Control Prenatal" in Mexican pregnant women

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Ana María Quelopana del Valle

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: El propósito principal del presente artículo es describir el proceso de adaptación y validación del Questionnaire of Barriers, Motivators and Facilitators of Prenatal Care Utilization al Modelo de Promoción en Salud (MPS y a población Mexicana. Metodología: El cuestionario original fue inicialmente traducido al español. Se realizó una revisión minuciosa del contenido del instrumento para asegurar validez y congruencia con el MPS. Los reactivos fueron agrupados por subescalas de acuerdo al modelo. El instrumento en español "Cuestionario de Beneficios y Barreras del Control Prenatal" fue puesto a prueba con 253 mujeres embarazadas que asistían a la Consulta de Obstetricia en el Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, México. Se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar los grupos o conglomerados de variables relacionadas. Se obtuvieron los coeficientes de confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach para cada una de las subescalas. Resultados: La subescala de beneficios reveló un solo factor con varianza explicada de 41%; Barreras reveló siete factores con varianza explicada de 68%; y Actitud hacia el embarazo reveló tres factores con varianza explicada de 58%. Todos los factores por subescala mantuvieron Valores Característicos (eigenvalues por arriba de 1.0. Conclusión: Se concluye que el Cuestionario de Beneficios y Barreras del Control Prenatal obtuvo validez de sus constructos, con base en el MPS. Las subescalas obtuvieron coeficientes de confiabilidad sobre .70 lo que es aceptable para nuevas escalas psicosociales, confirmándose que las mediciones mantienen una congruencia interna y una homogeneidad integrada de sus reactivos.Objective: The main purpose of the present article is to describe the adaptation and validation process of the questionnaire of "Barriers, Motivators and Facilitators of Prenatal Care Utilization" to the Health Promotion Model (HPM and to Mexican population. Methods: The original questionnaire

Validez y confiabilidad del cuestionario de uso problemático de Internet (CUPI)

OpenAIRE

Pulido-Rull, Marco Antonio; Escoto-de la Rosa, Ruby; Gutiérrez-Valdovinos, Dulce María

2011-01-01

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo, determinar la validez empírica, estructura factorial y consistencia interna del CUPI. Se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra aleatoria de 697 estudiantes de universidades privadas mexicanas; se aplicó igualmente el inventario de depresión de Beck y una escala de habilidades sociales. Los resultados del análisis factorial mostraron que los reactivos se agrupan de manera similar a la documentada para otras escalas similares desarrolladas en EU; complement...

Cuestionario para la evaluación de la educación inclusiva universitaria (CEEIU

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Agustín de la Herrán Gascón

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El artículo se fundamenta en el enfoque de educación inclusiva, comprendido como factor de excelencia y calidad académicas. Su objetivo es detallar el proceso de elaboración del “Cuestionario para la evaluación de la educación inclusiva universitaria” (CEEIU. El instrumento pretende conocer cómo comprenden y qué opinan los directivos, profesores y estudiantes universitarios de la educación inclusiva de su universidad y facultades. El instrumento sirve simultáneamente para los tres grupos de participantes. El estudio se realizó en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (Ecuador. La metodología atravesó estas fases: 1ª Estudio y revisión de literatura científica y primera redacción del instrumento. 2ª Validación de contenido mediante expertos externos e internos y pilotaje. 3ª Aplicación del instrumento. 4ª Estudio de la confiabilidad y versión final del cuestionario. Los resultados indican que el CEEIU es válido, incluye valores formativos reseñables y es confiable. El coeficiente de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.834.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario sobre patrones de conducción de riesgo en jóvenes

OpenAIRE

Jiménez Mejías, Eladio; Luna del Castillo, Juan de Dios; Amezcua Prieto, Carmen; Olvera Porcel, María Carmen; Lardelli Claret, Pablo; Jiménez Moleón, José Juan

2012-01-01

Fundamentos: Las Lesiones por Tráfico continúan siendo un importante problema de Salud Pública en población joven. A pesar de ello, no existen en nuestro país cuestionarios idóneos para la investigación epidemiológica de este problema. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario orientado a explorar la frecuencia de implicación en circunstancias de conducción teóricamente asociadas con la accidentalidad por tráfico en población universitaria. Métodos: Se aplicó un c...

The Iban Dairies of Monica Freeman 1949-1951. Including Ethnographical Drawings, Sketches, Paintings, Photographs and Letters, Laura P. Appell-Warren  (ed.

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Antonio Guerreiro

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Few anthropologists have yet published their field dairies; until now Malinowski’s dairy is considered as one of the most fascinating piece of ethnographical writing. Monica Freeman’s dairies document the Freemans’ long Iban fieldwork in Sarawak (June 1949-May 1951, at the time a Crown colony (the State joined the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. This book is a welcome addition to both Anthropological litterature and Iban Studies. Derek Freeman (1916-2001, coming originally from New Zealan...

Revisión sistemática cualitativa del uso de cuestionarios para el diagnóstico de ERGE en pediatría

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RR Hernández-Pliego

2016-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: el uso de cuestionarios para identificar síntomas de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE y su aplicación en población pediátrica es limitado, sobre todo en niños menores y lactantes, en los que resulta imposible conocer los síntomas debido a la incapacidad de manifestarlos de manera objetiva.   OBJETIVO: realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura en población pediátrica con sospecha de ERGE, para evaluar el uso de cuestionarios como herramienta diagnóstica para esta enfermedad.   MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura en diversas bases de datos. La selección de los estudios fue realizada por dos investigadores expertos en el tema. La estrategia de búsqueda estuvo compuesta de las palabras clave: Gastroesophageal Reflux disease, Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (IGERQ, infant, child, children, questionnaire. La calidad de los estudios fue evaluada con la escala Newcastle-Ottawa.   RESULTADOS: con la estrategia de búsqueda realizada fueron seleccionados tres estudios, los cuales utilizaron diferentes cuestionarios en poblaciones distintas: en 2006, Kleinman evaluó la confiabilidad del cuestionario IGER-Q en 185 pacientes menores de 18 meses obteniéndose 0.86 0.87; en 2005, Deal evaluó 64 pacientes de 1-11 meses y 63 pacientes de 1-4 años reportando una sensibilidad de 90 y 85% para cada grupo de edad, respectivamente y especificidad de 83 y 81.5%, respectivamente; y Stordal, en 2005, evaluó 99 pacientes de 7-16 años con una sensibilidad de 75% y especificidad de 96%.    CONCLUSIÓN: el uso de los cuestionarios como herramienta diagnóstica de ERGE en pacientes pediátricos es escaso y la evidencia clínica disponible no es suficiente para realizar una recomendación apropiada.

KEZKAK: cuestionario bilingüe de estresores de los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas

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Zupiria Gorostidi X.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Construir y validar un cuestionario bilingüe (castellano/euskera para medir los estresores que tienen los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas. Metodos: Se ha partido de las ideas recogidas fundamentalmente en reuniones realizadas con los alumnos. En un primer momento 287 estudiantes de enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería de San Sebastián respondieron a la versión inicial de 55 ítemes y al cuestionario STAI de ansiedad. Tras la depuración por ítem-análisis, se ha obtenido la versión final de 41 ítemes. Algunos de los sujetos respondieron nuevamente la versión final a los 2 meses (n = 198 y a los 6 meses (n = 211. Resultados: El cuestionario presenta una alta consistencia interna (α de Cronbach, 0,95, una fiabilidad considerable (0,72 a los 2 meses y 0,68 a los 6 meses, y una validez concurrente aceptable (0,39 con ansiedad-rasgo. El anαlisis factorial arroja nueve factores que tienen una alta consistencia interna y explican el 64,4% de la varianza. Segϊn esos factores, los principales estresores para los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas se derivan de la falta de competencia (11,2%, del contacto con el sufrimiento (9,1%, de la relación con tutores y compañeros (8,9%, de la impotencia e incertidumbre (7,7%, de no controlar la relación con el enfermo (7,6%, de la implicación emocional (5,8%, de la relación con el enfermo (dañarse en la relación [5,2%] y el enfermo busca una relación íntima [4,6%] y de la sobrecarga (4,3%. Se discuten aspectos metodológicos y prácticos del cuestionario y su utilidad en la planificación pedagógica de futuras enfermeras. Conclusión: El cuestionario KEZKAK es un instrumento útil para medir los estresores de los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas.

Estructura factorial y consistencia interna del Cuestionario para medir bullying y violencia escolar

OpenAIRE

Brenda Mendoza-González

2015-01-01

La violencia escolar, que incluye al bullying o acoso escolar entre iguales, es un problema que involucra a muchos jóvenes, ya sea como víctimas, acosadores u observadores. Por ello, la detección del rol del participante es importante para contrarrestarlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar y validar un instrumento que permita evaluar el bullying y la violencia en general en escuelas secundarias de México, a partir del Cuestionario de evaluación de la violencia entre iguales en la es...

Opiniones de menores residentes en Andalucía (España sobre temas de salud: Aplicación de un cuestionario por Internet

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Eva Martin-Ruiz

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Analizar opiniones de menores sobre el concepto de salud, centros y profesionales sanitarios así como recomendaciones en forma de consejos sobre promoción de salud. Métodos: Estudio transversal con cuestionario online dirigido a menores de 14 años de edad. Se utilizó una versión adaptada del cuestionario Kid's Hospital, el cual contiene preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Resultados: Contestaron al cuestionario 358 menores, de los cuales 225 fueron niñas (61,3%. La edad media global fue de 9,2(DE 2,61. Asocian buena salud con la ausencia de enfermedad (n=165, 46,1% y estar en forma (n=151, 42,2% ; sobre experiencias de la última visita al médico, reconocen el papel de ayuda y mediación de estos profesionales (n=233, 65,1%; destacan la ayuda y la recuperación como lo mejor de la atención, y como lo peor los pinchazos y el dolor padecido. De los consejos emitidos para promoción de salud destacan aquellos sobre alimentación (n=233, 62,3%. Conclusiones: Los cuestionarios online a menores, constituyen una forma útil de recolección de información. Así, estas consultas directas permiten la participación de los niños y niñas o de los menores y proporcionan información útil para adecuar las intervenciones de cara a fomentar la promoción entre iguales, así como sobre sus preferencias en el diseño de intervenciones.

Herramienta para el desarrollo de cuestionarios Interactivos de aprendizajes

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Yunior Portilla-Rodríguez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se describen acciones surgidas ante la contradicción entre la cercana migración hacia el sistema operativo (SO Linux y el necesario aprovechamiento de la experiencia acumulada en el desarrollo de softwares educativos sobre Windows, que tuvieron como objetivo la elaboración de una herramienta que posibilite el desarrollo de Cuestionarios Interactivos de Aprendizaje en los SO Windows y Linux a un costo cero de programación. La herramienta permite el montaje de diferentes tipologías de ejercicios interactivos (selección simple y múltiple, verdadero o falso, completar espacios en blanco, enlazar, arrastrar, armar, ordenar y seleccionar textos, para la WEB y retroalimentaciones en diferentes formatos (textos, voz, imágenes fijas, en movimiento y vídeos. Actualmente se está utilizando en el desarrollo de las aplicaciones multiplataformas y Open Source del MINED, en la versión on-line de las colecciones El Navegante y Futuro.

Investigar las relaciones afectivosexuales: el diseño de un cuestionario abierto.

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MAR VENEGAS

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La educación afectivosexual ha sido y es la gran ausente en el currículum escolar en España, como 10 ha sido también la investigación sociológica sobre ello. Para producir conocimiento sociológico en este ámbito, ha sido necesario un trabajo tanto teórico como metodológico de construcción y desarrollo del objeto de estudio. Este artículo continúa con el trabajo metodológico, detallando el diseño de un cuestionario de evaluación o diagnóstico inicial para investigar las relaciones afectivosexuales. Con ello, se ofrece una herramienta útil y fundamentada para producir conocimiento sociológico sobre este objeto de estudio incipiente en España. El artículo describe las fases de diseño del cuestionario, en que se establece un diálogo entre una doble categorización: la temática presente en la literatura disponible sobre el objeto de estudio, y la temática ofrecida por las voces adolescentes de los sujetos participantes en la investigación. Con ello, el artículo enlaza también con algunos debates actuales en teoría social, tales como la apuesta por la investigación acción, la educación para la ciudadanía democrática y los derechos humanos, la visibilización de la agencia y voz de los menores, el uso de la evaluación participativa y crítica o la cuestión del poder como inherente a las relaciones sociales.

Validación del Cuestionario de Lugar de Control del Dolor en estudiantes argentinos con cefaleas recurrentes

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Luciana Sofía Moretti

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Validar el Cuestionario de Lugar de Control del Dolor (CLCD en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos con cefaleas recurrentes. Método. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional de 382 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina, que en los últimos seis meses habían sufrido de cefaleas. El 77.7% de la muestra fueron mujeres y el 22.3% varones, con una media de edad de 22.4 años (DE = 4.2. Se realizaron estudios para evaluar la estructura interna, consistencia interna y la validez externa del cuestionario. Resultados. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró tres factores que explicaban un 39.79% de la varianza: (1 locus de control externo por profesionales de la salud, (2 locus de control externo por azar y (3 locus de control interno. Asimismo, los valores alfa de Cronbach para evaluar la consistencia interna de los factores resultaron óptimos (valores α comprendidos entre 0.80 y 0.86.Los análisis realizados para evaluar la validez externa del cuestionario, mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, revelaron que los factores locus de control externo por profesionales de la salud y los factores locus de control externo por azar correlacionaron positivamente con la intensidad del dolor (r = 0.15, p < 0.01; r = 0.23, p < 0.01, respectivamente, no obstante los valores obtenidos fueron bajos. Conclusión. Aunque presenta limitaciones en su validez externa, los estudios psicométricos realizados permiten concluir que el CLCD es un instrumento confiable y válido para evaluar locus de control en población universitaria argentina con dolor crónico ocasionado por cefaleas.

Análisis psicométrico del cuestionario de clima laboral de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana

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Richard Rosero-Burbano

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue proponer un instrumento para medir el clima laboral en la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana. Para ello se diseñó el cuestionario de clima laboral, se evaluaron las características psicométricas y se estableció su utilidad como instrumento de medida. El estudio fue de tipo instrumental, con la participación de 3272 de sus funcionarios, diferenciados por grupos de rango, dependencia, jefatura y bases en el ámbito nacional. Se realizó el análisis de ítems para identificar la potencia discriminativa de cada uno de los ítems, para diferenciar entre quiénes tienen alta percepción de un buen clima laboral y los que no la tienen; la homogeneidad y la consistencia interna. Todas las escalas obtuvieron un alpha mayor a 0,72 y del análisis de cada ítem, se propone una escala de 58 elementos. Se concluye que el cuestionario de clima laboral tiene buena capacidad discriminativa y de homogeneidad.

Confiabilidad y dimensionalidad del Cuestionario para Identificación de Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT en estudiantes universitarios de Tunja (Colombia

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Juan Manuel Ospina-Díaz

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad de una versión en español del instrumento Cuestionario para Identificación de Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT. Materiales y métodos: La versión en español del cuestionario AUDIT se aplicó a una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 459 estudiantes universitarios, se evaluó la factorabilidad mediante las pruebas de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y de esfericidad de Bartlett. Posteriormente se determinó la consistencia interna y estructura factorial del cuestionario, mediante la estimación del alfa de Cronbach y análisis factorial por el método de extracción de componentes principales. Resultados: el alfa de Cronbach fue 0,769. La extracción exploratoria reveló una estructura unidimensional que explicó el 57,95% de la varianza. Conclusiones: El instrumento AUDIT constituye una herramienta confiable y válida para la detección de problemas referidos al consumo de alcohol en el ámbito clínico; se hace necesario profundizar en el análisis estructural del mismo.

Autoconsumo de hierbas medicinales en usuarios con enfermedades cardio-vasculares en una comuna de Chile

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Lizet Veliz-Rojas

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Caracterizar el autoconsumo de hierbas medicinales en usuarios con enfermedades cardiovasculares. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo y transversal, con una muestra de 257 personas. Los instrumentos recolectores de datos fueron un cuestionario y la revisión de la ficha clínica. Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo univariante apoyado en SPSS. Resultados: El 80,80% de los encuestados usó hierbas medicinales, y el 72,76% señaló no informar esta práctica al equipo de salud. Las hierbas medicinales más utilizadas para el control de la enfermedad cardiovascular fueron: el limón (20,6% para bajar la presión arterial, la pata de vaca (7% para reducir la glicemia y la alcachofa (3,5% para controlar el colesterol. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los participantes recurrieron a las hierbas medicinales, pese a ser una práctica de autocuidado prevalente, no es informada al equipo de salud. Algunas hierbas utilizadas por la muestra para controlar la enfermedad cardiovascular, están descritas sus usos para otras causas. Esta situación podría reflejar el desconocimiento sobre su utilización. Se sugiere el desarrollo de estrategias para el adecuado uso de las hierbas medicinales en atención primaria, enfocado en la integralidad en salud.

Intake of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements and Longitudinal Association with HbA1c Levels in the General Non-Diabetic Population--Results from the MONICA/KORA S3/F3 Study.

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Sigrid Schwab

Full Text Available Lower levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. The aim of the study was to longitudinally investigate the association between the use of 11 vitamins and minerals (vitamins E, C, D, B1, folic acid, carotenoids, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and selenium and change in HbA1c levels over 10 years in non-diabetic individuals drawn from the general population.Baseline data were available from 4447 subjects included in the population-based "Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Diseases" (MONICA Augsburg S3 survey (1994/95. Follow-up data were derived from 2774 participants in the follow-up survey named "Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg" (KORA F3 (2004/05. Vitamin/mineral intake from supplements and medications was assessed in a personal interview, where participants were asked to bring product packages of preparations that had been ingested during the last 7 days prior to the examination. Associations between regular vitamin/mineral intake amounts and HbA1c levels measured at baseline and follow-up were investigated using generalized estimating equation models. For carotenoids, analyses were stratified by smoking status.None of the investigated nutrients except for carotenoids was significantly associated with changes in HbA1c levels after 10 years. Regular intake of carotenoids from supplements and medications in amounts > 6.8 mg/d (upper tertile was associated with an absolute -0.26% (95% CI: -0.43 to -0.08 lower increase in HbA1c levels compared with no intake of carotenoids. An inverse association was observed in those who never smoked but not in (former smokers.Larger prospective and intervention studies in non-diabetic/non-smoking individuals are needed to confirm the results and to assess whether the observed associations between carotenoid intake and change in HbA1c levels are causal. If our results are

Changes in community and individual level psychosocial coronary risk factors in the Danish MONICA population, 1982-92

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Osler, Merete; Jorgensen, Torben; Gerdes, Lars Ulrik

2002-01-01

of the study area. At the same time type A behaviours increased in both men and women, while there were no changes in reported personal problems. The proportion of women living alone increased, while the proportion of emotionally distressed decreased. In men there were no changes in cohabitation status...... or emotional distress. The changes in the psychosocial factors were the same in different educational groups. CONCLUSION: The socioeconomic position of the population improved at the individual and the community level during the study period. This was concurrent with the declining incidence of myocardial......AIM: Myocardial infarction incidence declined by 3-5% per year from 1982-92 in the Danish study population of the WHO MONICA project. This study examined whether psychosocial coronary risk factors changed in the population during this period. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from 6,695 Danish men...

Adaptación al español del cuestionario Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL [The Spanish Adaptation of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL

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Humberto M. Trujillo

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del cuestionario Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL, construido en su versión original por Cohen y Wills (1985. El ISEL evalúa la percepción de disponibilidad de cuatro aspectos diferentes del apoyo social, además de aportar una medida general de apoyo social percibido. El cuestionario se compone de cuatro subescalas (autoestima, información, pertenencia e instrumental. Cada una de ellas está formada por 10 ítems.Tras un riguroso proceso de traducción para generar la versión española del ISEL, se analizó la equivalencia de la versión traducida al español para la escala en su conjunto y para cada subescala en una muestra de universitarios españoles (N = 441. Se obtuvo un valor de alfa para la primera administración de 0.888 y de 0.87 para la segunda. La fiabilidad test-retest fue de r = 0.787. Se comprobó que la estructura factorial podría ser esencialmente unidimensional tras un análisis factorial exploratorio con rotación Varimax. Además, se analizó la validez convergente con la Escala de Soledad (r = -0.692; p < 0.001; el Cuestionario de Autoeficacia Percibida (r = 0.712; p < 0.001; el Cuestionario de Salud General (r = -0.422; p < 0.001 y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (r = -0.400; p = 0.002. Los resultados podrían mostrar que la versión española del ISEL puede ser utilizada con suficientes garantías psicométricas en una población de jóvenes universitarios de habla hispana.

Características métricas de un cuestionario para evaluar la calidad de vida profesional de los médicos cardiólogos

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Alberto Cariello

2008-01-01

Full Text Available IntroducciónLa calidad de la atención médica de los sistemas de salud parece relacionarse con la satisfacci ón de los profesionales que los integran; es por ello que el estudio del estrés y la insatisfacci ón laboral de los profesionales es de especial interés. Por otra parte, es sabido que la medici ón de la calidad de vida profesional (CVP puede variar de acuerdo con el instrumento que se utilice, con el entorno organizativo del sistema de salud y con el tipo de profesional o la especialidad que ejerza.ObjetivoEvaluar la factibilidad, la consistencia interna, la capacidad discriminativa y la composición factorial de un cuestionario de CVP aplicado a una población de médicos cardiólogos en la Argentina.Material y métodosEntre abril y junio de 2007 se propuso un cuestionario anónimo a 717 cardiólogos a fin de evaluar distintos aspectos de la CVP, a saber: percepción de la situación laboral, posibilidad de realización personal y expectativa de futuro. Se realizó un análisis de factores y se midieron la validez de construcción y la confiabilidad del cuestionario.ResultadosEl análisis identificó los tres dominios antes señalados. En conjunto, estos tres componentes explicaron el 46% de la variabilidad total del instrumento, nivel exigible para una validez estructural adecuada. Por su parte, el a de Cronbach total del cuestionario fue 0,76. Por último, la confiabilidad se demostró con una buena correlación entre el puntaje total del instrumento y los parciales obtenidos en cada dominio (factor 1: rho = 0,806, p < 0,0001; factor 2: rho = 0,726, p < 0,0001 y factor 3: rho = 0,754, p < 0,0001.ConclusionesEl análisis de las características métricas de este cuestionario demostró la fiabilidad y la validez del instrumento para evaluar la CVP del médico cardiólogo en la Argentina.

Adaptación y validez de contenido del cuestionario de envidia infantil a población adulta

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Enrique Vila Abad

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se define la envidia como una emoción de particular complejidad, de carácter displacentero, caracterizado por sentimientos de inferioridad, hostilidad y resentimiento (relacionado con la percepción de injusticia, producido por la toma de conciencia de que otra persona o grupo de personas disfrutan de una posesión deseada (objeto, posición social, atributo. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido explorar la envidia en la población adulta. Para ello, se partió de un instrumento autoinformado de fácil aplicación, basado en el Cuestionario de la Envidia Infantil (CEI desarrollado por Carrasco et al (2004. Para ello, después de adaptar el contenido morfosemántico de los ítems, se realizó un juicio de expertos en el que participaron 12 jueces que analizaron la relevancia y representatividad del pool inicial de ítems. El acuerdo entrejueces se midió mediante el índice de Osterlind, seleccionando aquellos con mayor congruencia (Iik > 0.5 para constituir la versión del cuestionario de envidia en adultos (CEA con 24 ítems.

Long-term survival and causes of death after stroke

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brønnum-Hansen, Henrik; Davidsen, M; Thorvaldsen, P

2001-01-01

As part of the Danish contribution to the World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Project, a register of patients with stroke was established in 1982. The purpose of the present study was to analyze long-term survival and causes of death...

Correlación entre la autoestima de la madre y las puntuaciones en el cuestionario de síntomas pediátricos

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Adalberto Campo-Arias,

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Contexto: Posiblemente una pobre autoevaluación(autoestima de la madre pueda sobre o subestimarsíntomas en el hijo evaluado. Sin embargo, no hay estudiosque exploren esta asociación. Objetivo: Conocer lacorrelación entre las puntuaciones de las cuatro subescalasdel cuestionario de Jellinek para síntomas pediátricos y lapuntuación en la escala de Rosenberg para autoestima enmadres de niños y niñas escolares de Cartagena, Colombia.Método: Se diseñó un estudio transversal en el que lasmadres diligenciaron las subescalas del cuestionario deJellinek para síntomas pediátricos (síntomas de desatencióne hiperactividad, depresivos, conductuales y ansiosos y laescala de Rosenberg para autoestima. Se determinó lacorrelación entre las subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinekpara síntomas pediátricos y la escala de Rosenberg paraautoestima (versión dicotómica con el coeficiente dePearson (r. Se aceptaron como significativas r<0,30 yvalores de p<0,01. Resultados: Participaron 190 madres(edad promedio= 34,4 años; DE=7,4 de niñas y niños entre6 y 10 años (promedio=7,6, DE=1,4 y escolaridad promediode 2,9 (DE=1,3. La correlación entre la puntuación parasíntomas de desatención e hiperactividad fue 0,130(p=0,077; para síntomas depresivos, -0,213 (p=0,003; parasíntomas conductuales, -0.103 (p=0,159; y para síntomasansiosos, -0,112 (p=0,125 y la puntuación en la escala deRosenberg para autoestima. Conclusiones: Laspuntuaciones en las subescalas del cuestionario de Jellinekpara síntomas pediátricos no guardan correlaciónclínicamente importante con las puntuaciones de la madre Campoenla escala de Rosenberg para autoestima.

El Cuestionario de Dificultades Interpersonales para adolescentes: evidencia de fiabilidad y validez en una muestra colombiana

OpenAIRE

Delgado, Beatriz; Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante; Inglés, Cándido José; Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche; Hidalgo, María Dolores; Department of Basic Psychology and Methodology, University of Murcia; García-Fernández, José Manuel; Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante.; Martínez-Monteagudo, María Carmen; Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche.

2013-01-01

Este objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evidencia de fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones de la versión colombiana del Cuestionario de Dificultades Interpersonales para Adolescentes (QIDA) en una muestra de 1.628 adolescentes (65.7% chicos) de 12 a 18 años. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios replicaron la estructura factorial de cinco factores relacionados: Asertividad, Relaciones Heterosexuales, Hablar en Público, Relaciones Familiares y Amigos Íntimos. La consistencia interna...

Diseño y validación del cuestionario de percepción del profesorado de Educación Primaria sobre el aprendizaje del alumnado basado en competencias (#ICOMpri2

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Lourdes Meroño

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para conocer la percepción del profesorado de Educación Primaria sobre el aprendizaje del alumnado basado en competencias. En la creación inicial del instrumento se establecieron ocho dimensiones correspondientes a las ocho competencias básicas (Real Decreto 1513/2006. En la validez de contenido, los expertos (n = 35 valoraron positivamente constructo, dimensiones e ítems del cuestionario. Los resultados estadísticos de los ítems mostraron la adecuada validez de comprensión de los participantes (n = 45 docentes. En la validez de constructo (n = 255 docentes, las propiedades psicométricas mostraron la adecuada bondad de ajuste del análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad manifestaron una versión válida y fiable del cuestionario compuesto por 24 ítems. El instrumento contó con evidencias externas de validez, dado que los resultados fueron en la línea de lo que demuestra la literatura. El cuestionario permitió descubrir la alta percepción del profesorado de tercero a sexto de Educación Primaria sobre el aprendizaje del alumnado basado en competencias

Análisis de la satisfacción de cliente mediante el uso de cuestionarios con preguntas abiertas

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José Amelio Medina-Merodio

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza, cómo el uso de cuestionarios de pre guntas abiertas permite a las pequeñas y medianas empresas, mej orar la evaluación del grado de satisfacción de clientes según la norma ISO 9001. Al obtener mayor información que con los cuestionari os de preguntas cerradas, se eliminan las limitaciones de estos últim os. Para conseguir este objetivo, se han analizado las pregunta s abiertas mediante su estudio semántico, obteniendo previamente la raíz d e cada palabra y eliminando las que no aportan información, det ectando la tendencia positiva y negativa de cada una de las respuestas. Este estudio prueba que el uso de cuestionarios de preguntas a biertas, facilita cumplir con la norma ISO 9001 y permite su comparación con los datos del sistema de gestión de las relaciones con los clientes (CRM – del ingles Customer Relationship Management . Además abre nuevas líneas de investigación de la semántica e n los sistemas de calidad y de marketing.

Diseño y validación de cuestionarios para la valoración del sistema ECTS

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María Luisa PÉREZ CAÑADO

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta en primicia el diseño y validación de cuatro baterías de cuestionarios (competencias, tiempo real de dedicación, metodología y satisfacción, que pone a disposición de la universidad española para su utilización en un diagnóstico del funcionamiento del sistema ECTS tanto en el área lingüística como en todos los ámbitos de la educación terciaria. El fin de todo ello es mejorar el funcionamiento del sistema ECTS y garantizar que las decisiones tomadas en relación con las nuevas enseñanzas universitarias oficiales se basen en datos empíricos y en referentes tanto nacionales como internacionales. Tras describir las características de cada cuestionario y presentar el número, la ordenación y la codificación de los ítems, el artículo detalla el proceso de validación en dos fases que se ha seguido para garantizar la fiabilidad de las cuatro baterías. Finalmente, presenta, en cinco apéndices, las versiones finales tanto para el profesorado como para el alumnado, las cuales están listas para ser aplicadas.

Factores psicosociales laborales relacionados con la tensión arterial y síntomas cardiovasculares en personal de enfermería en México Psychosocial work factors associated to blood pressure and cardiovascular symptoms among Mexican nurses

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Arturo Juárez-García

2007-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar si la tensión laboral según el modelo de Karasek y la inseguridad en el empleo se asocian significativamente con indicadores cardiovasculares, tales como la tensión arterial (TA y los síntomas cardiovasculares (SC, considerando factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular (edad, índice de masa corporal, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, entre otros. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En una muestra de 109 enfermeras de un hospital del sector público de la Ciudad de México durante el mes de julio del 2004, se aplicó el Cuestionario del Contenido de Trabajo (JCQ, otro de Síntomas Cardiovasculares y se utilizó un monitor digital para medir la TA mediante un protocolo de puntos estimados en el puesto de trabajo. RESULTADOS: Existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre tales variables (beta entre .20 y .24, aun considerando factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular. CONCLUSIONES: La relación entre TA y el modelo de tensión laboral es válida en población mexicana y destaca la asociación de la inseguridad en el empleo con indicadores cardiovasculares, lo que hace trascendente su importancia en el contexto laboral mexicano. Se sugieren futuros estudios y un trabajo de prevención y vigilancia permanente de estos factores en los campos de la salud ocupacional, así como en la salud pública en términos de su rol en la epidemiología cardiovascular.OBJECTIVE: To determine if job stress, according with Karasek's model, and job insecurity are significantly associated with cardiovascular indicators such as blood pressure (BP and cardiovascular symptoms (CS, considering traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, among others. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A job content questionnaire (JCQ and one for cardiovascular symptoms were administered to a sample of 109 nurses from a public hospital in Mexico City during July 2004. A digital monitor was utilized to measure BP

Th isotopes in the Santa Monica basin: temporal variation, long-term mass balance and model rate constants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huh, Chih-An

1995-01-01

Distribution and flux of 234 Th, 232 Th and 230 Th in the water column of central Santa Monica basin observed over a period of seven years show seasonal and interannual variabilities. A steady-state model is applied to the integrated data to calculate long term average flux and model rate constants of Th isotopes. Mass balance calculations show that the basin acts like a closed system for short-lived 234 Th, but not for the long-lived isotopes 230 Th and 232 Th. Most 230 Th in the basin is transported from elsewhere. Of the incoming Th, 40-55% of the 230 Th and 14-26% of the 232 Th enter the surface water in dissolved form. In the upper 100m, the residence time of dissolved Th with respect to adsorption onto suspended particulates, 70-80 days, is about one order of magnitude higher than the residence time of suspended particles with respect to aggregation into sinking particles, 7-10 days. (author)

DISEÑO Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN CUESTIONARIO SOBRE VACUNACIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

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María Fernández-Prada

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Las tasas de vacunación en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud que realizan prácticas en los contextos hospitalarios son bajas, al igual que en el colectivo sanitario en general, y es necesario explorar sus causas. El objetivo principal fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para conocer las actitudes y las conductas de los estudiantes de medicina y enfermería sobre la vacunación de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. Métodos: La muestra se compuso de 646 alumnos/as de medicina y enfermería de la Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias. El muestreo fue de tipo incidental. Tras un proceso de validación de contenido, se diseñó un cuestionario con 24 ítems que englobaba actitudes y conductas/intenciones de conductas. Se realizaron análisis de fiabilidad (alfa ordinal y validez interna (análisis factorial exploratorio mediante el método de análisis paralelo, además de ANOVAS y un modelo mediacional. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó una solución de 2 factores que explicó el 48,8% de la varianza total. El alfa ordinal para la puntuación total fue 0,92. Hubo diferencias según el curso en las dimensiones de actitudes (F5,447=3,728;p<0,003 y de conocimientos (F5,448=65,59;p<0,001 pero no en las conductas/intenciones de conductas (F5,461=1,680;p<0,138. Las actitudes fueron una variable moduladora entre los conocimientos y las conductas/intenciones de conductas (B efecto indirecto=0,15; SE=0,3; IC95% :0,09-0,19. Conclusiones: Se dispone de un cuestionario con suficiente fiabilidad y validez interna. Las puntuaciones en actitudes y conocimientos son mayores según el curso. Las actitudes actúan como variable moduladora entre los conocimientos y las conductas/intenciones de conductas.

[Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the Czech population].

Science.gov (United States)

Wohlfahrt, Peter; Krajčoviechová, Alena; Bruthans, Jan; Cífková, Renata

Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are inter-related ad mutually potentiating cardiovascular risk factors, which, when occurring together, strongly accelerate atherosclerosis and significantly increase cardiovascular risk.The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and control of both risk factors in the Czech population. A 1 % population random sample aged 40-64 years was examined within the Czech post-MONICA in 2006-2009. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP 90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication. Hypercholesterolemia was defined according to cardiovascular risk and LDL-cholesterol levels or use of lipid-lowering drugs. In a group of 2 508 persons (51 % of females), hypertension was found in 52 % and hypercholesterolemia in 40 % of examined individuals. Both risk factors occurred together in 30 % of subjects. While lipid-lowering drugs were used by 39 % of individuals with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, target LDL-cholesterol were achieved by only 42 % of treated individuals. Only a total of 10 % individuals with both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia achieved target levels for both risk factors. Treatment and control of hypercholesterolemia in patients with hypertension remains unsatisfactory in the Czech Republic. Taking into account the high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and the substantial increase in cardiovascular risk, lipid-lowering drugs should be considered in each patient with hypertension.Key words: antihypertensive drugs - Czech post-MONICA - lipid-lowering drugs - SCORE - target values - total cardiovascular risk.

Validez de Constructo y Confiabilidad del Cuestionario de Creencias Epistemológicas sobre la Matemática en Alumnos de Secundaria Básica

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ANNIA ESTHER VIZCAINO ESCOBAR

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio desarrolló la validación de constructo del Cuestionario de Creencias Epistemológicas sobre la Matemática,versión traducida y adaptada del instrumento de Walker (2007. Participaron 2023 alumnos de secundaria básica de laregión central de Cuba. El 51.2 % pertenecía al sexo femenino y el 48.7 % al masculino. Se confirmó un modelo de creenciassobre la matemática de cuatro dimensiones relacionadas, que siguen un desarrollo asincrónico y valores aceptablesde fiabilidad. Los índices de bondad de ajuste del modelo encontrados (gfi=.97; cfi=.94; rmse a=.03 demostraron lavalidez del cuestionario para medir con 18 ítems las creencias epistemológicas sobre la matemática.

El Cuestionario de Disposición al Engaño en el Deporte (CDED: su aplicación a jóvenes deportistas

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Francisco Javier Ponseti

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio ha sido desarrollar, adaptar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de un Cuestionario de Disposición al Engaño en el Deporte (CDED, derivado del Attitudes to Moral Decision-making in Youth Sport Questionnaire. La muestra estaba formada por 110adolescentes (70 niños y 41 niñas con una media de edad de 14.65 años (Rango: 10 ¿ 19 años; DE = 2.09 años. Los resultados muestran que el cuestionario CDED, formado por las dos subescalas Aceptación del engaño y Aceptación de la astucia, discrimina correctamente, con una fiabilidad y una validez factorial aceptables, entre las variables de la muestra estudiada.

Diseño y Validación de un Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal Para Personas en Situación de Discapacidad Física

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PAULA ANDREA BOTERO SOTO

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio pretendió diseñar y validar el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal para Personas con Discapacidad Física. La muestra incidental estuvo conformada por 114 personas de 18 a 50 años, residentes en Bogotá, que presentaban una discapacidad física. Se diseñaron 40 ítems, evaluados por jueces expertos, se aplicaron a la muestra y se definieron los criterios de calificación. El análisis factorial evidenció la existencia de tres factores constituyentes del constructo de imagen corporal: atractivo, funcionalidad y satisfacción. El cuestionario cumplió con las condiciones de confiabilidad y validez necesarias, por lo que se concluye que es posible utilizarlo, aunque es preciso continuar con el proceso de validación.

Incidencia de los hábitos de conducta en la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular

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Amparo Carpi-Ballester

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Desde la Psicología de la Salud se han propuesto distintos modelos teóricos con el fin de comprender los factores que afectan al cambio conductual requerido para llevar a cabo conductas saludables. Entre ellos, la teoría de la acción planeada ha mostrado su utilidad predictiva en numerosos trabajos relacionados con las conductas de salud. Basándonos en dicho modelo teórico, el objetivo del presente estudio descriptivo es comprobar la influencia de los hábitos de conducta en la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular. La muestra quedó compuesta por 152 sujetos que respondieron a un cuestionario en el que se medían conductas relativas a la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el paquete estadístico Lisrel VIII. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los hábitos de conducta tienen efectos significativos sobre la ejecución de la conducta actual. Esta influencia es tanto directa como indirecta a través de todas las variables de la teoría de la acción planeada.

Society News: Monica Grady awarded CBE; Grubb Parsons Lecture 2012; Join the RAS; Astronomy on radio for kids; New Fellows; Peter D Hingley

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-01

RAS Fellow Prof. Monica Grady has been made a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE), in recognition of her services to space science. The RAS sponsors the annual Grubb Parsons Lecture, which this year took place on 6 June at the University of Durham. If you are a professional astronomer, geophysicist, or similar, a student studying these disciplines, or simply someone with a serious interest in them, we urge you to apply for membership of the RAS. Outreach is an important activity for the RAS. We recently supported an astronomy series called Deep Space High on the digital radio channel Fun Kids.

Cuestionario para evaluar la calidad de servicios deportivos: estudio inicial de las propiedades psicométricas

OpenAIRE

Gálvez Ruiz, Pablo

2011-01-01

El objetivo principal de la investigación consiste en la elaboración de un cuestionario para la evaluación de la calidad percibida de los servicios municipales deportivos, al que hemos denominado CECASDEP, compuesto por 5 grandes dimensiones: instalación deportiva, espacio de actividad, vestuario, programa de actividades y profesor o monitor, basándonos para ello en la utilización de la metodología selectiva al resultar adecuada en el ámbito del deporte por sus innumerables aplicaciones posib...

The relation of body mass index and abdominal adiposity with dyslipidemia in 27 general populations of the WHO MONICA Project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wietlisbach, V; Marques-Vidal, P; Kuulasmaa, K

2013-01-01

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The association between adiposity measures and dyslipidemia has seldom been assessed in a multipopulational setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: 27 populations from Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (WHO MONICA project) using health surveys conducted between 1990 and 1997...... in adults aged 35-64 years (n = 40,480). Dyslipidemia was defined as the total/HDL cholesterol ratio >6 (men) and >5 (women). Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25% in men and 23% in women. Logistic regression showed that dyslipidemia was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) in men......, do not lead to optimal risk stratification for dyslipidemia in middle-age adults. Sex-specific adaptations are necessary, in particular by taking into account abdominal obesity in normal-weight men, post-menopausal age in women and regular smoking in both sexes....

Reliability of the Spanish version of a brief questionnaire on patient satisfaction with gastrointestinal endoscopy Validación de un cuestionario breve sobre satisfacción del paciente en endoscopia digestiva

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A. Sánchez del Río

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Background: there has not been a validated questionnaire available in Spanish to evaluate patient satisfaction with gastrointestinal endoscopy. Our aim was to evaluate the external validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version of a questionnaire on patient satisfaction with gastrointestinal endoscopy elaborated by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Design: prospective questionnaire validation study. Patients and methods: a total of 485 consecutive patients referred to two different hospitals for endoscopy were interviewed by telephone. Internal consistency was studied using Cronbach's alfa test and corrected item-total correlations (CITC. External validity was determined using a mailed questionnaire completed by 185 patients -correlations between telephone and postal responses were calculated, as well as the correlation with the total score obtained. Results: Cronbach´s alfa was 0.82 and mean CITC was 0.59. Weighted kappa values for the same questionnaire items performed by telephone or mail varied between 0.51 and 0.81. Total score correlation was 0.78. Internal consistency and external validity were not affected by differences in the administration of the questionnaire (mail or by telephone, different interviewers, type of endoscopy, or source of patients. Conclusions: the Spanish version of the ASGE questionnaire on satisfaction with endoscopy is valid, reliable, and reproducible.Objetivos: no se dispone en castellano de un cuestionario validado para la valoración de la satisfacción del paciente en endoscopia digestiva. Evaluar la validez externa y la consistencia interna de la versión en castellano del cuestionario recomendado por la American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy sobre satisfacción en endoscopia. Diseño experimental: estudio de validación de un cuestionario, recogida de datos prospectiva. Pacientes y métodos: cuatrocientos ochenta y cinco pacientes consecutivos remitidos para endoscopia

Diseño y Validación del Cuestionario “Smartphone y Universidad. Visión del Profesorado” (SUOL

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Irina SALCINES TALLEDO

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo muestra el diseño y validación de un cuestionario dirigido al profesorado universitario cuya finalidad es ofrecer un diagnóstico sobre la importancia, conocimiento, uso, beneficios y dificultades de la introducción de los Smartphones en los procesos de enseñanza, aprendizaje, investigación y evaluación, así como las necesidades formativas al respecto. Se expone el procedimiento de análisis y validación de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento de evaluación diagnóstica “Smartphone y Universidad. Visión del profesorado”. Para ello, se analiza la validez de contenido con la técnica Delphi, la validez de constructo a través de análisis factoriales de primer y segundo orden y, los valores del Alfa de Cronbach para comprobar la consistencia interna. Se confirma que el cuestionario constituye un instrumento con evidencias de validez y fiabilidad que permite diagnosticar, entre el profesorado universitario, subdimensiones de especial relevancia, para conocer las posibilidades pedagógicas del Smartphone en la universidad.

Cuestionario de Comportamiento Infantil y Adolescente. Análisis Factorial Exploratorio en una Muestra de Escolares Cubanos

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Alina Wong

2018-01-01

Full Text Available La evaluación del comportamiento de los niños y adolescentes en edad escolar es relevante para la detección de grupos de riesgo en ámbitos educativos y clínicos. Frecuentemente se realiza a través de cuestionarios que muestran algunos problemas metodológicos no resueltos. El presente estudio explora los factores principales del Cuestionario de Comportamiento Infantil y Adolescente, instrumento en desarrollo diseñado para evaluar la población infanto-juvenil sana, a través del criterio de maestros en Cuba. Fueron seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico 6,993 niños y adolescentes, del municipio Centro Habana: 4,991 (71.37% escolares de primaria entre 6 y 12 años de edad y 2,002 estudiantes de secundaria entre 11 y 15 años de edad; de ellos, 3,528 (50.45% fueron mujeres y 3,465 hombres. Un análisis de factores principales iterados con rotación varimax normalizada extrajo tres factores, que explican el 70.94% de la varianza total: control de comportamiento, desempeño cognitivo escolar y socialización. Se discuten las posibles relaciones de estos resultados con distintos del desarrollo psicológico, la neuromaduración y los procesos educativos.

Confiabilidad y validez de un cuestionario sobre percepción del hostigamiento sexual en estudiantes universitarios

OpenAIRE

Nolberto, Violeta; Martina, Martha; Bardales, Olga; Galvéz, Deysi; Vasquez, Hernán; Torres, Socorro

2013-01-01

Introducción: El hostigamiento sexual en el ámbito laboral es de conocimiento y objeto de denuncia por sus víctimas; sin embargo, son escasas las evidencias científicas en el ámbito universitario. Objetivos: Desarrollar un cuestionario que proporcione datos confiables y válidos sobre la percepción de hostigamiento sexual en estudiantes universitarios. Diseño: Evaluación psicométrica de pruebas empíricas. Institución: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Estudia...

Nuevo cuestionario de emociones positivas para niños

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Laura Beatriz Oros

2014-05-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo fue diseñar y validar un nuevo instrumento para medir la experiencia emocional positiva de niños de 8 a 12 años de edad. La muestra piloto estuvo conformada por 445 niños (n= 221 y niñas (n = 224, con una media de edad de 9.54 años (DT= 1.25, pertenecientes a diferentes provincias argentinas. La muestra definitiva estuvo integrada por 1046 niños (n= 540 y niñas (n= 505 con un promedio de edad de 9.74 años (DT= 1.33. Luego de ser analizado según diferentes parámetros de validez y fiabilidad, el cuestionario definitivo quedó conformado por 23 ítems y cuatro dimensiones: (a alegría y gratitud (a = .92; (b serenidad (a = .75; (c simpatía (a = .64; y (d satisfacción personal (a = .71. El Alpha de Cronbach para la escala total fue de .90. Los resultados del estudio psicométrico fueron adecuados, observándose un buen poder discriminativo de los ítems, una elevada consistencia interna y una estructura factorial coherente.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes atendidos en las consultas externas de un hospital de Madrid en 2006

OpenAIRE

Susana Granado de la Orden; Cristina Rodríguez Rieiro; María del Carmen Olmedo Lucerón; Ana Chacón García; Dolores Vigil Escribano; Paz Rodríguez Pérez

2007-01-01

Fundamento: Para conocer la calidad de la asistencia sanitaria es imprescindible incorporar el punto de vista del paciente realizando estudios de satisfacción. Las encuestas de satisfacción precisan unas propiedades psicométricas que garanticen su fiabilidad y validez. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar y validar un cuestionario para conocer la satisfacción de los pacientes con las consultas externas hospitalarias. Métodos: Estudio de validación de un cuestionario ...

RANTES/CCL5 and risk for coronary events: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort, Athero-Express and CARDIoGRAM studies.

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Christian Herder

Full Text Available The chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted/CCL5 is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in mice, whereas less is known in humans. We hypothesised that its relevance for atherosclerosis should be reflected by associations between CCL5 gene variants, RANTES serum concentrations and protein levels in atherosclerotic plaques and risk for coronary events.We conducted a case-cohort study within the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg studies. Baseline RANTES serum levels were measured in 363 individuals with incident coronary events and 1,908 non-cases (mean follow-up: 10.2±4.8 years. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, metabolic factors and lifestyle factors revealed no significant association between RANTES and incident coronary events (HR [95% CI] for increasing RANTES tertiles 1.0, 1.03 [0.75-1.42] and 1.11 [0.81-1.54]. None of six CCL5 single nucleotide polymorphisms and no common haplotype showed significant associations with coronary events. Also in the CARDIoGRAM study (>22,000 cases, >60,000 controls, none of these CCL5 SNPs was significantly associated with coronary artery disease. In the prospective Athero-Express biobank study, RANTES plaque levels were measured in 606 atherosclerotic lesions from patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. RANTES content in atherosclerotic plaques was positively associated with macrophage infiltration and inversely associated with plaque calcification. However, there was no significant association between RANTES content in plaques and risk for coronary events (mean follow-up 2.8±0.8 years.High RANTES plaque levels were associated with an unstable plaque phenotype. However, the absence of associations between (i RANTES serum levels, (ii CCL5 genotypes and (iii RANTES content in carotid plaques and either coronary artery disease or incident coronary events in our cohorts suggests that RANTES may not be a

Desarrollo del Cuestionario de Experiencias de Violencia en las Relaciones de Pareja y Familia en Estudiantes Universitarios

OpenAIRE

Villafañe Santiago, Angel A.; Universidad de Puerto Rico; Jimenez Chafey, Maria Isabel; Universidad de Puerto Rico; De Jesus Carrasquillo, Damaris; Universidad de Puerto Rico; Vázquez Ramos, Robinson A.; Universidad de Puerto Rico

2010-01-01

Este estudio presenta el proceso de desarrollo del Cuestionario de Experiencias de Violencia en las Relaciones de Pareja y Familia en Estudiantes Universitarios, así como sus propiedades psicométricas y hallazgos a través de un estudio piloto. El instrumento exploró las experiencias de violencia de una muestra de estudiantes en las relaciones de pareja y de familia en cuatro contextos: de la pareja hacia el/la estudiante; del estudiante hacia la pareja; observada entre padres; y de los padre...

Cuestionario sobre actitudes hacia las matemáticas en futuros maestros de Educación Primaria || Questionnaire on attitudes towards mathematics in future teachers of Primary Education

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Mª Cristina Naya

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Hoy ya es comúnmente aceptado que las Matemáticas son una materia cuyo proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje guarda una estrecha relación con cuestiones afectivas, hasta el punto de generar sentimientos de miedo, inseguridad, ansiedad y bajo autoconcepto que pueden trasladarse y trasmitirse de las facultades de formación de docentes a las aulas de enseñanza obligatoria. Así, la finalidad de este trabajo consiste en la elaboración y validación  de un cuestionario que permite evaluar las actitudes hacia las matemáticas de los futuros docentes de Educación Primaria. El cuestionario está formado por 19 ítems con cinco opciones de respuesta tipo Likert. La muestra estuvo formada por 307 estudiantes de los cuatro cursos del Grado en Educación Primaria de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de A Coruña. La validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario se establecen utilizando técnicas estadísticas y empleando el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics v.21.0. Se obtuvo un Alfa de Cronbach de .92; y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio obteniéndose tres factores: Percepción del profesor de matemáticas por parte del alumnado (con nueve ítems, Agrado hacia las matemáticas (con seis ítems y Percepción que tiene el alumnado de su competencia matemática (cuatro ítems. Los resultados permiten establecer que el cuestionario tiene una consistencia interna suficiente para ser utilizado en la evaluación de las actitudes de los futuros docentes sobre las matemáticas, la clase y el profesor.

Los estilos afectivos en la población española: un cuestionario de evaluación del apego adulto

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Remedios Melero

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo detalla el proceso de elaboración y baremación del "Cuestionario de Apego Adulto". Un total de 445 sujetos, 159 hombres y 286 mujeres con una media de 30,5 años cumplimentaron el cuestionario original. Los análisis factoriales mostraron la solución de 4 factores como la más idónea, con un total de 40 ítems. Estos factores fueron: Baja autoestima, necesidad de aprobación y miedo al rechazo, Resolución hostil de conflictos, rencor y posesividad, Expresión de sentimientos y comodidad con las relaciones y Autosuficiencia emocional e incomodidad con la intimidad. Para establecer tipologías se realizaron análisis de conglomerados. La solución de dos clusters clasificó a los sujetos en seguros e inseguros, y la solución de cuatro en seguros, preocupados, alejados y temerosos hostiles. Nuestros resultados identifican un estilo temeroso algo diferente al de Bartholomew y Horowitz (1991. Se discuten las particularidades de los estilos afectivos y sus propiedades psicométricas.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de satisfacción con programas deportivos en centros penitenciarios [Design and Validation of a Satisfaction Questionnaire with Sports Programmes in Penitentiaries

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Gema Ortega Vila

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario de satisfacción de los internos de los centros penitenciarios en los que la Fundación Real Madrid desarrolla programas deportivos. El cuestionario fue analizado cuantitativa y cualitativamente por un grupo de 11 jueces expertos. Se estudió la validez de contenido a través del coeficiente V de Aiken y coeficiente de valoración. Se evaluó la fiabilidad analizando la consistencia interna por el método del a de Cronbach (0.928 y la fiabilidad test-retest utilizando el coeficiente correlación intraclase 0.957 (p<0.01. El cuestionario reúne suficientes propiedades para ser considerado una herramienta válida y fiable para estudiar y analizar el grado de satisfacción de los internos con los programas deportivos llevados a cabo por la Fundación Real Madrid.

Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de salud mental positiva en practicantes pre-profesionales de psicología, Trujillo

OpenAIRE

Aguilar Armas, Haydee Mercedes

2016-01-01

Se determinó las Propiedades Psicométricas de Cuestionario de Salud Mental Positiva. El diseño fue Tecnológico-psicométrico. En una muestra tipo censal (n=403) de universitarios practicantes pre-profesionales de psicología. Los resultados revelan Indices de acuerdo entre el 80% y 100% en: relevancia, claridad y coherencia con el constructo teórico; validez de constructo Ítem-test corregido con correlaciones muy significativas (p

Ecological - open - modern. Ray Kappe's first domestic building at Santa Monica, California; Oekologisch - Offen - Modern. Ray Kappes erstes Wohnhaus in Santa Monica/Kalifornien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kreykenbohm, S.

2007-07-01

In April 2006, a domestic building consisting of eleven prefabricated steel modules and designed by architect Ralf Kappes was constructed at Santa Monica, California, within just eight hours. The two-storey building has a living area of 230 square metres. Rooms are open, with versetzte Ebenen.. The climate of the Los Angeles region is warm, with a constant sea breeze. The building is designed for natural ventilation, and no air conditioning system is required. If it gets too hot, warm air will be withdrawn by a blower in the upper Treppenhaus. In the winter season, the sun shines right into the interior of the building, where solar heat is stored and then slowly released by the concrete floor. A PV system on the roof generates 75 percent of the electric power required, and there is also a solar thermal power system for water heating. The building was awarded the LEED Platinum Award (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). (orig.) [German] Im April 2006 verfolgten zahlreiche Schaulustige, wie aus elf vorfabrizierten Stahlmodulen innerhalb von acht Stunden ein Wohnhaus entstand. Das Modulsystem stammt aus der Feder des Architekten Kappes. Die Stahlrahmenmodule bilden ein zweigeschossiges Wohnhaus mit 230 qm Wohnflaeche. Grosszuegige Luftraeume und versetzte Ebenen im Wohnbereich sowie zahlreiche Ein- und Ausblicke praegen die Architektur auf dem kompakten Hanggrundstueck in der Naehe des pazifischen Ozeans. Im warmen Klima von Los Angeles weht hier stets der Wind vom Meer. Das Haus ist so konzipiert, dass man sehr gut quer lueften kann. Es benoetigt keine Klimaanlage. Bei allzu grosser Hitze saugt ein Ventilator oben im Treppenhaus warme Luft ab. Im Winter reicht die tief stehende Sonne bis ins Hausinnnere. So kann die Sonnenwaerme vom Betonboden gespeichert und langsam abgegeben werden. Auf dem Dach erzeugt eine Photovoltaikanlage 75% des Strombedarfs. Ausserdem gibt es dort eine Solarthermieanlage fuer die Wasserversorgung. Dafuer erhielt das Wohnhaus die

The Mediterranean diet in relation to mortality and CVD

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tognon, G.; Lissner, L.; Saebye, D.

2014-01-01

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) is associated with reduced total mortality, cardiovascular incidence and mortality in a Danish population. Analyses were performed on 1849 men and women sampled during the 1982-83 Danish MONICA (MONItoring...... trends and determinants of Cardiovascular disease) population study, whose diet was assessed by means of a validated 7d food record. The adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was calculated by three different scores: one based on a classification excluding ingredients from mixed dishes and recipes...

Reproducibilidad y sensibilidad de un cuestionario de actividad física en población mexicana

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López-Alvarenga Juan Carlos

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar si el cuestionario de actividad física (CAF de Laval es reproducible y sensible para detectar diferencias en grupos de mexicanos con peso normal y en obesos. Material y métodos. Estudio efectuado en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, entre enero y mayo de 1999, en México, D.F. El CAF se tradujo al castellano y se adaptó a población mexicana. Se midió la reproducibilidad por prueba-reprueba, con cuatro semanas de diferencia (n=30 sujetos con obesidad. Para determinar la sensibilidad del cuestionario se comparó un grupo de jóvenes cadetes (n=18 con otro de jóvenes civiles (n=32. Se utilizó como concordancia el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y se empleó la prueba t de student pareada o para muestras independientes, según fuera necesario. Resultados. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0.86. El CAF fue sensible al demostrar diferencias de más de 400 kcal/día (1 674 kJ/día y más de 4 kcal/kg/día (17 kJ/kg/día entre jóvenes con actividad física importante (t de Student. Conclusiones. El CAF es un instrumento sensible y reproducible que puede ser utilizado en población mexicana. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

Sensibilidad y especificidad del cuestionario de preocupación y ansiedad para la detección del trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en la edad avanzada

OpenAIRE

Nuevo Benítez, Roberto

2005-01-01

Este trabajo se dirige a comprobar, mediante el análisis de las curvas COR (características operativas del receptor), la capacidad para identificar la presencia de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) en personas mayores del Cuestionario de Preocupa

Budgets and behaviors of uranium and thorium series isotopes in the Santa Monica Basin off the California Coast

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yu, Lei.

1991-12-16

Samples from three time-series sediment traps deployed in the Santa Monica Basin off the California coast were analyzed to study the flux and scavenging of uranium and thorium series isotopes. Variations of uranium and thorium series isotopes fluxes in the water column were obtained by integrating these time-series deployment results. Mass and radionuclide fluxes measured from bottom sediment traps compare favorably with fluxed determined from sediment core data. This agreement suggests that the near-bottom sediment traps are capable of collecting settling particles representative of the surface sediment. The phase distributions of {sup 234}Th in the water column were calculated by an inverse method using sediment trap data, which help to study the variations of {sup 234}Th scavenging in the water column. Scavenging and radioactive decay of {sup 234}Th are the two principal processes for balancing {sup 234}Th budget in the water column. The residence times of dissolved and particulate {sup 234}Th were determined by a {sup 234}Th scavenging model.

Budgets and behaviors of uranium and thorium series isotopes in the Santa Monica Basin off the California Coast

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yu, Lei [Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)

1991-12-16

Samples from three time-series sediment traps deployed in the Santa Monica Basin off the California coast were analyzed to study the flux and scavenging of uranium and thorium series isotopes. Variations of uranium and thorium series isotopes fluxes in the water column were obtained by integrating these time-series deployment results. Mass and radionuclide fluxes measured from bottom sediment traps compare favorably with fluxed determined from sediment core data. This agreement suggests that the near-bottom sediment traps are capable of collecting settling particles representative of the surface sediment. The phase distributions of ²³⁴Th in the water column were calculated by an inverse method using sediment trap data, which help to study the variations of ²³⁴Th scavenging in the water column. Scavenging and radioactive decay of ²³⁴Th are the two principal processes for balancing ²³⁴Th budget in the water column. The residence times of dissolved and particulate ²³⁴Th were determined by a ²³⁴Th scavenging model.

Political changes and trends in cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech Republic, 1985-92.

Science.gov (United States)

Bobak, M; Skodova, Z; Pisa, Z; Poledne, R; Marmot, M

1997-01-01

BACKGROUND: Mortality from cardiovascular diseases is substantially higher in central and eastern Europe than in the west. After the fall of communism, these countries have undergone radical changes in their political, social, and economic environments but little is known about the impact of these changes on health behaviours or risk factors. Data from the Czech Republic, a country whose mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases are among the highest, were analysed in this report. OBJECTIVES: To examine the trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Czech population over the last decade during which a major and sudden change of the political and social system occurred in 1989, and whether the trends differed in relation to age and educational group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data from three cross sectional surveys conducted in 1985, 1988, and 1992 as a part of the MONICA project were analysed. The surveys examined random samples of men and women aged 25-64 in six Czech districts and measured the following risk factors: smoking, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. RESULTS: The numbers of subjects (response rate) examined were 2573 (84%) in 1985, 2769 (87%) in 1988, and 2353 (73%) in 1992. Total cholesterol and body mass index increased between 1985 and 1988 and decreased between 1988 and 1992. The prevalence of smoking was declining slightly in men between 1985 and 1992 but remained stable in women. There were only small changes in blood pressure. The decline in cholesterol and BMI in 1988-92 may be related to changes in foods consumption after the price deregulation in 1991. An improvement in risk profile was more pronounced in younger age groups, and the declines in cholesterol and obesity were substantially larger in men and women with higher education. By contrast, there was an increase in smoking in women educated only to primary level. CONCLUSION: Substantial changes in cholesterol, obesity, and women

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios chilenos Cardiovascular risk factors in Chilean university students

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María Teresa Chiang-Salgado

1999-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en universitarios asintomáticos de ambos sexos, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La muestra quedó integrada por 1 301 estudiantes. En una submuestra de 293 sujetos se midieron lípidos séricos, con un analizador químico Hitachi 717. La obesidad se estimó considerando el índice de masa corporal (IMC; el antecedente familiar de infarto, así como el consumo de cigarrillos y el nivel de actividad física se determinaron mediante un cuestionario de autoevaluación. Se construyeron tablas de contingencia para estudiar asociaciones entre factores de riesgo lipídicos y no lipídicos, usando la prueba ji² de Pearson. Se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple para determinar la relación de cada una de las variables lipídicas (colesterol total, colesterol-lipoproteína de baja densidad, colesterol-lipoproteína de alta densidad y triglicéridos, así como de las no lipídicas (edad, peso, estatura, IMC, sexo, presión arterial, conducta sedentaria y antecedente familiar de infarto precoz. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron niveles de riesgo lipídico en 29.2% de los casos para colesterol total, en 16.2% para lipoproteína de baja densidad y en 5% para lipoproteína de alta densidad. Entre los factores de riesgo no lipídicos más prevalentes, estaban el consumo de cigarrillos, con 46.1%, y el sedentarismo, que alcanzó 60.8%. La obesidad, la hipertensión arterial y el antecedente familiar alcanzaron 1.9, 4.6 y 11%, respectivamente. Se observó una asociación entre el perfil lipídico de riesgo, la obesidad, la conducta fumadora y el antecedente familiar. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de sedentarismo y conducta fumadora, asociada a un perfil lipídico de riesgo. Se deduce la necesidad imperiosa de diseñar programas de intervención con el fin de modificar el estilo de vida y prevenir la posible presencia de enfermedades

Validez de constructo y fiabilidad del «Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos» (CASO) en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Salazar, Isabel C; Caballo, Vicente E; Arias, Benito

2016-01-01

El «Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos» (CASO) es una medida de autoinforme desarrollada para los países de habla española y portuguesa. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la validez de constructo y la fiabilidad del CASO en Colombia. Participaron 5477 personas de la población general contestando el CASO y la «Escala de ansiedad social de Liebowitz-versión de autoinforme» (LSAS-SR). El análisis paralelo y el análisis factorial exploratorio del CASO arrojaron una solución de ci...

Áreas de acción en Universidades Promotoras de Salud: Resultados de un cuestionario en diferentes contextos

OpenAIRE

Suárez-Reyes, M.; Muñoz, M.; Van den Broucke, S.

2017-01-01

Introducción: Existen áreas de acción que son claves en torno a las cuales las universidades pueden trabajar para convertirse en una Universidad Promotora de Salud (UPS). El objetivo de este estudio es explorar cuáles son las áreas de acción que son implementadas en diferentes UPS. Material y método: Se diseñó un cuestionario online mediante la plataforma Lime-Survey. Se contactó a los coordinadores de iniciativas UPS de Universidades pertenecientes diferentes redes UPS, quienes contestaron e...

Cuestionario de opinión para la evaluación del desempeño docente en la UNAN-Managua, FAREM-Chontales

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Tonys Romero Díaz

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo expone la metodología empleada para desarrollar un cuestionario de evaluación docente para la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Chontales (FAREM, Nicaragua, al que nombramos CEDUCH, y los resultados obtenidos durante la investigación. El cuestionario consta de 30 preguntas distribuidas en ocho dimensiones o categorías las cuales se obtuvieron de un pilotaje mediante el Análisis Factorial exploratorio. Estas dimensiones mostraron estar altamente correlacionadas positivamente entre sí, confirmando que el cuestionario es multidimensional. Se utilizó una escala Likert de 5 adjetivos de respuesta, y para la valoración final se construyó una escala de 3 calificativos. Se aplicó una muestra probabilística de 453 estudiantes en la institución en donde los análisis realizados ítem-test e ítem-ítem mostraron correlaciones significativas que demuestran que las preguntas discriminan de acuerdo con el constructo medido. La validez de contenido del constructo arrojó un índice de 0.933; la consistencia interna mostró resultados altos e iguales a 0.967 el coeficiente theta y de 0.975 el coeficiente omega; la confiabilidad de la prueba se determinó mediante el Alfa de Cronbach donde se obtuvo un coeficiente de 0.966. Dado que el desempeño docente es multidimensional, se recomienda complementar el cuestionario con otro tipo de metodología que permita valorar holísticamente el actuar docente. The article presents the methodology used to develop a teacher evaluation questionnaire for Multidisciplinary Regional School Chontales (FAREM, Nicaragua, which named CEDUCH, and the results obtained during the investigation. The questionnaire consists of 30 questions divided into eight dimensions or categories that were obtained from a pilot using exploratory Factor Analysis. These categories are shown to have a high positive correlation with one another, confirming that the questionnaire is in fact multidimensional. We use a Likert

Urban and Rural Differences of Acute Cardiovascular Disease Events: A Study from the Population-Based Real-Time Surveillance System in Zhejiang, China in 2012.

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Weiwei Gong

Full Text Available Zhejiang province, China, has implemented a population based, real-time surveillance system that tracks acute cardiovascular diseases (CVDs events since 2001. This study aimed to describe the system and report CVD incidence, mortality and case-fatality between urban and rural areas in Zhejiang in 2012. The surveillance system employs a stratified random sampling method covering all permanent residents of 30 counties/districts in Zhejiang. Acute CVD events such as coronary heart disease (CHD and stroke were defined, registered and reviewed based on the adapted MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease definitions. Data were collected from health facilities, vital registries, supplementary surveys, and additional investigations, and were checked for data quality before input in the system. We calculated the rates and compared them by gender, age and region. In 2012, the incidence, mortality and case-fatality of total acute CVD events were 367.0 (CHD 59.1, stroke 307.9, 127.1 (CHD 43.3, stroke 83.8 per 100,000 and 34.6% (CHD 73.2%, stroke 27.2%, respectively. Compared with rural areas, urban areas reported higher incidence and mortality but lower case-fatality rates for CHD (P<0.001, while lower incidence but higher mortality and case-fatality rates for stroke (P<0.001. We found significant differences on CHD and stroke epidemics between urban and rural areas in Zhejiang. Special attentions need to be given to stroke control, especially in rural areas.

Análisis psicométrico del Cuestionario de Motivos del Consumo de Alcohol (CMC en escolares de la ciudad de Bogotá

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Leonardo Pardo Jaime

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Motivos del Consumo de Alcohol (CMC en escolares de la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello, se contó con 206 participantes, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario. Los resultados fueron objeto de un análisis factorial exploratorio por medio de la extracción de componentes principales, con rotación Varimax, así como de un análisis de confiabilidad por alfa de Cronbach. Los mismos muestran 4 factores con apropiada carga factorial tanto por factor como por reactivo, explicando el 73,359% de la varianza, y un índice de confiabilidad de ,945. Así entonces, el Cuestionario de Motivos del Consumo de Alcohol (CMC presenta una estructura similar a otros estudios, lo que indica que es una escala con adecuada validez de constructo y, por lo tanto, confiable para utilizarse en escolares bogotanos. Abstract The objective of this psychometric study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ in school children in Bogotá city. For this, there were chosen 206 sample participants who were administered the questionnaire, applying an exploratory factor analysis by using a principal component extraction with Varimax rotation, and a Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis was also performed. The results show four factors with an appropriate factor load, by factor and by reactive, explaining a variance of 73.359% , and a reliability index of 945. The results show that the Drinking motives Questionnaire (CMC show a similar structure in comparison with surveys made in other countries. This indicates an appropriate construct validity, and reliability for its use in school children in Bogotá city.

Medical record review to recover missing data in a Portuguese birth cohort: agreement with self-reported data collected by questionnaire and inter-rater variability Revisión de registros médicos para recuperar datos incompletos en una cohorte de nacimiento portuguesa: concordancia con datos recogidos por cuestionario y variabilidad interobservador

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Elisabete Alves

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Objectives: To assess the yield of medical record review to recover missing data originally collected by questionnaire, to analyze the agreement between these two data sources and to determine interobserver variability in clinical record review. Methods: We analyzed data from a birth cohort of 8,127 women who were consecutively recruited after giving birth from 2005-2006. Recruitment was conducted at all public maternity units of Porto, Portugal. We reviewed the medical records of 3,657 women with missing data in the baseline questionnaire and assessed agreement between these two sources by using information from participants with data from both sources. Interobserver variability was assessed by using 400 randomly selected clinical records. Results: Data on pregnancy complications and maternal anthropometric parameters were successfully recovered. Agreement between the questionnaire and records in family history data was fair, particularly for cardiovascular disease [k=0.27; 95% confidence interval (95%CI: 0.23-0.32]. The highest agreement was observed for personal history of diabetes (k=0.82; 95%CI 0.70-0.93, while agreement for hypertension was moderate (k=0.60; 95%CI 0.50-0.69. Discrepancies in prepregnancy body mass index classes were observed in 10.3% women. Data were highly consistent between the two reviewers, with the highest agreement found for gestational diabetes (k=1.00 and birth weight (99.5% concordance. Conclusion: Data from the medical records and questionnaire were concordant with regard to pregnancy and well-known risk factors. The low interobserver variability did not threaten the precision of our data.Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento de la revisión de registros médicos para completar datos originalmente recogidos por cuestionario, y analizar la concordancia entre ambas fuentes de datos y la variabilidad interobservador en la revisión de registros médicos. Métodos: Cohorte de nacimiento con 8.127 mujeres reclutadas de

Validación de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos adaptado para el estudio y seguimiento de la población adulta de las Islas Canarias

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Armando Aguirre-Jaime

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: Registrar los hábitos alimenticios exige de un método válido y fiable. El objetivo del estudio es validar el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos CDCFFQ, que es una adaptación de otro cuestionario, para estudiar la alimentación de la población adulta de Canarias. Métodos: El cuestionario CDC-FFQ fue administrado a 1.067 personas de la población general (PG y a 106 estudiantes universitarios (EU, de 19 a 30 años. El segundo grupo fue encuestado también sobre tres recordatorios de 24 horas. Se comparan los nutrientes según CDC-FFQ en PG y EU. Se estiman las correlaciones entre CDC-FFQ y los recordatorios para nutrientes y grupos de alimentos, y la concordancia de consumos de nutrientes y grupos de alimentos en los quintiles extremos, para los estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: Los valores medios entre nutrientes del CDC-FFQ entre PG, EU y población general con estudios universitarios no mostraron diferencias significativas excepto para la vitamina B12 (p=0.004 y la vitamina D (p=0,005. Entre el CDC-FFQ y la media de los tres recordatorios se obtuvieron correlaciones en el rango de 0,202-0,601 entre nutrientes ajustados por calorías consumidas para los estudiantes universitarios. Por grupos de alimentos las correlaciones oscilaron para CDC-FFQ y los recordatorios entre 0,243- 0,542. La concordancia de nutrientes osciló entre 39% y 100% y para grupos de alimentos entre 41% y 100%. Conclusiones: El cuestionario CDC-FFQ resulta válido para clasificar a los sujetos en los rangos relativos de su nivel de ingesta de alimentos y nutrientes, por lo que podría ser útil en estudios epidemiológicos con valoración de dieta en población canaria adulta.

Frailty and cardiovascular risk in community-dwelling elderly: a population-based study

OpenAIRE

Ricci NA; Pessoa GS; Ferriolli E; Dias RC; Perracini MR

2014-01-01

Natalia Aquaroni Ricci,1 Germane Silva Pessoa,1 Eduardo Ferriolli,2 Rosangela Correa Dias,3 Monica Rodrigues Perracini1 1Master’s and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, 2Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 3Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil Background: Evidence suggests a possible bidir...

Construcción y validación del cuestionario G_Clinic para medir la satisfacción laboral en profesionales de enfermería de las unidades de gestión clínica

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Ana Ma Porcel-Gálvez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: La satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de enfermería es un factor determinante en la calidad y adaptación organizativa de los modelos de gestión clínica en el actual contexto socioeconómico. El objetivo del estudio fue construir y validar un cuestionario para conocer el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los profesionales enfermeros en las Unidades de Gestión Clínica en el Sistema Sanitario Público Andaluz. Métodos: Estudio clinimétrico y transversal, tomando como muestra a 314 profesionales de enfermería pertenecientes a los Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Virgen Macarena de Sevilla. Las encuestas se realizaron en 2011, entre los meses de marzo a junio. Se utilizó como base el cuestionario Font Roja adaptado a las variables de nuestra investigación. Se realizó el análisis de correlaciones, fiabilidad, validez de constructo mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE y Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC para comprobar el modelo apriorístico. Resultados: Se construyó un cuestionario con 10 ítems, cuya consistencia interna es de 0,75 con un porcentaje explicativo de la varianza del 63,67%. El AFC corroboró 4 dimensiones (clima laboral, relaciones laborales, motivación y reconocimiento: χ2 significativo (p<,001; χ2/gl=2,013; GFI=0,958, RMR=0,055 y RMSEA=0,057; AGFI=0,927, NFI=0,878, TLI=0,902, CFI=0,933 e IFI=0,935; AIC=132,486 y ECVI=0,423. Conclusiones: Este nuevo cuestionario (G_Clinic mejora los valores del cuestionario Font Roja, ya que disminuye el número de ítems, mejora la fiabilidad de cada una de las dimensiones, aumenta el valor de la varianza explicada y posibilita conocer la satisfacción de los profesionales de enfermería en la gestión clínica.

Diseño y prueba de un cuestionario sobre la importancia percibida de las condiciones de trabajo en México

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Porfirio Tamayo-Contreras

2016-09-01

Full Text Available La percepción de la importancia que el empleado otorga a los distintos aspectos de su trabajo es una base de la representación social que tiene de la empresa en la que labora y de las actitudes hacia su trabajo, como la intención de abandono, que también se relacionan con aspectos no controlables por la empresa. El propósito de este estudio fue diseñar y probar un cuestionario para medir la importancia que los trabajadores conceden a los aspectos laborales e identificar su relación con la intención de abandonar la organización. El cuestionario se aplicó a 447 trabajadores (282 hombres y 165 mujeres de empresas exportadoras de calzado de la ciudad de León, Guanajuato, México. Mediante un análisis factorial se identificaron cinco factores; la consistencia interna fue adecuada en todos los casos y la discriminación de todos los ítems resultó en la dirección esperada. La percepción sobre los factores del trabajo varió en importancia y no se relacionó con la intención de abandono, aunque un aspecto no controlable por la empresa (mejor salario reveló indicios de una relación sobre la intención de abandono.

Valoración Psicométrica del Cuestionario de Acoso Psicológico Percibido

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Consuelo Morán

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio fue desarrollar y examinar algunas de las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Acoso Psicológico Percibido (CAPP. El CAPP es una medida de autoinforme de 15 ítems, con formato de respuesta del tipo Likert en una escala de cinco puntos, diseñado para evaluar el sentimiento de acoso psicológico en el lugar de trabajo. Una muestra de 390 trabajadores en servicios humanos respondieron al CAPP juntamente con otras escalas de salud y burnout. Los datos fueron analizados con técnicas apropiadas de análisis de ítems y factorización. Los resultados mostraron una satisfactoria confiabilidad del CAPP (a = .92, así como una clara estructura factorial unidimensional de la escala. Por fin, las correlaciones entre moobing percibido, burnout y salud pueden servir de evidencia de validez de la escala.

Confiabilidad de un cuestionario para medir la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios en niños desde preescolar hasta cuarto grado de primaria

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Diana Marina Camargo

2015-09-01

Conclusión. El cuestionario suministró información confiable para la medición de la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios en niños menores de 10 años y podría emplearse en otros países latinoamericanos.

Los estudios longitudinales en la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares

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Ignacio Balaguer Vintró

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Los estudios longitudinales de cohortes bien definidas han contribuido a la identificación de los factores de riesgo de la cardiopatía coronaria y otras complicaciones clínicas de la aterosclerosis. Después de comentar las conclusiones de los estudios de la aterosclerosis experimental y los factores de riesgo sugeridos por el estudio de una serie de infartos de miocardio en adultos jóvenes en comparación con controles apareados, se expone la metodología, el desarrollo y los resultados de los estudios longitudinales realizados en Estados Unidos desde 1949: Twin Cities, Framingham, Pooling Project, Western Collaborative, Puerto Rico, Evans County, NI-HONSAN, San Francisco, Harvard, Bogalusa y CARDIA. Se presta especial atención a las hipótesis propuestas al inicio del estudio de Framingham y a los obstáculos y cambios para continuar el proyecto después de los primeros veinticuatro años. A continuación se expone el Seven Countries Study, ideado y dirigido por Ancel Keys y primer estudio realizado con metodología centralizada en varios países, y los estudios longitudinales realizados en diversos países de Europa: Whitehall, Manresa, París, British Regional, Northwick Park, Caerphilly, Speedwell, PROCAM. Se analiza el papel de los estudios longitudinales en la metodología de los estudios posteriores: hijos e hijas de los participantes en Framingham, estudios longitudinales basados en cuestionarios, estudios de otros posibles factores de riesgo, prevalencia de factores de riesgo en estudios retrospectivos, ensayos de intervención primaria (MRFT, WHO European Collaborative Trial y el de Goteburgo y la participación de los equipos entrenados en el Proyecto MONICA. Se señalan los temas todavía en debate en relación con la metodología y los resultados de los estudios longitudinales: exámenes periódicos de los participantes en las cohortes de los estudios epidemiológicos, cambios en la definición de nuevos casos de accidentes

Riesgo cardiovascular, una herramienta útil para la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares Cardiovascular risk, a useful tool for prevention of cardiovascular diseases

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Jorge Vega Abascal

2011-03-01

Full Text Available El riesgo cardiovascular se define como la probabilidad de padecer un evento cardiovascular en un determinado período. Mejorar la exactitud en la predicción del riesgo requiere la evaluación y el tratamiento de múltiples factores de riesgo cardiovascular, los que tienen un efecto sinérgico, más que aditivo, sobre el riesgo cardiovascular total. El cálculo utilizando métodos cuantitativos es más preciso que el obtenido con métodos cualitativos. La predicción del riesgo cardiovascular ha constituido, en los últimos años, la piedra angular en las guías clínicas de prevención cardiovascular, y deviene una herramienta útil del Médico de Familia para establecer prioridades en la atención primaria, mejorando la atención a los pacientes y eligiendo más eficazmente la terapéutica a seguir, con el objetivo de acercarnos más a la realidad multifactorial de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y a su prevención.The cardiovascular risk is defined like a probability of suffering a cardiovascular event in a determined period. To improve the accuracy in risk prediction requires the assessment and treatment of different cardiovascular risk factors, which have a synergistic effect more than additive on the total cardiovascular risk. The calculus using quantitative methods is more accurate than that obtained with qualitative methods. The prediction of cardiovascular risk has been in past years the cornerstone in clinical guidances of cardiovascular prevention and becomes an useful tool for Family Physician to establish priorities in the primary care, improving the patients care and selecting in a more effective way the therapy to be followed to bring closer more to multifactor reality of cardiovascular diseases and its prevention.

Características Psicométricas del Cuestionario de Abuso en Contra de la Mujer, Versión en Español: Su Uso en Investigación y Práctica Clínica

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Linares, Ana M; Dimmitt Champion, Jane; Salazar, Bertha C

2013-01-01

Este artículo describe el proceso de traducción y adaptación del inglés-español del instrumento "Woman Abuse Screen" para uso en investigación. El cuestionario original fue traducido al español por dos traductores e intérpretes bilingües, y posteriormente se condujo una revisión de contenido por expertos asegurándose que incluía elementos relevantes del concepto "violencia". El instrumento traducido "Cuestionario de Abuso en contra de la Mujer" (CACM) fue puesto a prueba con 217 mujeres que i...

Actividad física global de pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular aplicando el "International Physical Activity Questionaire (IPAQ.

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Angélica Zhang-Xu

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de actividad física global de los pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular, mediante el cuestionario IPAQ. Material y métodos: Estudio tipo serie de casos. La población estuvo compuesta por pacientes con hipertensión arterial, obesidad y diabetes mellitus entre 35 y 69 años de edad. Se utilizó el IPAQ para medir el nivel de actividad física. Resultados: De 180 entrevistados, 122 (67,8% fueron del sexo femenino. La edad media fue 56,9 ± 8,8 años, el IMC promedio fue 29,0 ± 5,2 (18,6 - 48,5. Ciento nueve (60,5% pacientes tenían un solo factor de riesgo cardiovascular modificable por medio de actividad física, 59 (32,8% dos factores y 12 (6,7% tres factores. El tiempo promedio de diagnóstico en meses fue 34,6 (hipertensos y 51,1 (diabéticos. El nivel de actividad física fue trabajo en 30 (16,7% pacientes, en 80 (44,4% moderado y en 70 (38,9% alto. No hubo diferencias en el nivel de actividad física según la edad y sexo. Se encontró diferencia significativa en los pacientes con hipertensión quienes tenían actividad moderada (p=0,02 en los hipertensos obesos quienes tenían actividad físca alta (p=0,07. Conclusión: El nivel de actividad física global de los pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular seleccionados fue predominantemente moderado y alto.(Rev Med Hered 2011;22:115-120.

Desarrollo y estudio piloto de un cuestionario para evaluar la satisfacción con la estancia hospitalaria en población infanto-juvenil

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Montserrat Gómez de Terreros Guardiola

2017-11-01

Discusión: Se ha obtenido un cuestionario breve, de fácil aplicación, fiable en cuanto a su consistencia interna y sensible para detectar diferencias en las dimensiones de satisfacción hospitalaria. Una vez terminada su validación, servirá para evaluar la satisfacción de los menores con su estancia hospitalaria, además de ser un potencial indicador de calidad asistencial.

Prevalencia y caracterización de la vejiga hiperactiva detectada en una población de Madrid con el cuestionario OAB-V3 autoadministrado en atención primaria

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Javier C. Angulo

2018-02-01

Conclusiones: OAB-V3 es un cuestionario simple para el cribado de VH con buena exactitud de predicción en atención primaria y que conlleva implicaciones importantes en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.

DISEÑO Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN CUESTIONARIO SOBRE PATRONES DE CONDUCCIÓN DE RIESGO EN JÓVENES

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Eladio Jiménez Mejías

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Las Lesiones por Tráfico continúan siendo un importante problema de Salud Pública en población joven. A pesar de ello, no existen en nuestro país cuestionarios idóneos para la investigación epidemiológica de este problema. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario orientado a explorar la frecuencia de implicación en circunstancias de conducción teóricamente asociadas con la accidentalidad por tráfico en población universitaria. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado (MATCA: movilidad, accidentalidad por tráfico y circunstancias asociadas a 1597 jóvenes alumnos de grado de la Universidad de Granada, entre los años 2007 y 2010, que recogía información, entre otras variables, sobre la exposición, la accidentalidad y la implicación en 28 circunstancias de conducción. Para su diseño se realizó una extensa revisión de la literatura al respecto y se contó con el juicio de un panel de cinco expertos. Aplicando el coeficiente de correlación tetracórico, se realizó un análisis factorial. La consistencia interna se valoró mediante el coeficiente alfa de Crombach. Finalmente, se valoró la asociación cruda y ajustada de cada factor identificado con la odds de haber sufrido un accidente. Resultados: Tras descartar 8 circunstancias, las restantes se agruparon en tres factores: el primero incluyó diez circunstancias de elevada prevalencia y explicó el 31,9% de la variabilidad total. Los otros dos factores, incluyeron cinco circunstancias cada uno que explicaron respectivamente, el 15,2% y el 12,5% de la variabilidad. Los coeficientes alfa de Crombach oscilaron entre 0,816 y 0,553. Cuando se ajustó por la edad, el sexo, los años de antigüedad del permiso y la intensidad de exposición, la puntuación más fuertemente asociada a la accidentalidad fue la del primer factor (OR=1,51: IC95% 1,25-1,85. Conclusiones: La versión final (20 circunstancias, identificó tres

El proyecto Epicardian: un estudio de cohortes sobre enfermedades y factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en ancianos españoles: consideraciones metodológicas y principales hallazgos demográficos

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Rafael Gabriel Sánchez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: A pesar de que la incidencia de cardiopatía isquémica es más alta en sujetos mayores de 65 años, la mayor parte de la investigación cardiovascular se ha centrado en la población adulta de mediana edad, careciendo en España hasta la fecha de un estudio de cohortes en este grupo de población. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar el papel y la metodología de los estudios de cohortes como herramienta epidemiológica imprescindible para la investigación de la prevalencia e incidencia de angina, IAM, ictus, y sus principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos: Estudio de cohortes en tres zonas de España: Madrid (barrio de Lista, Arévalo (Avila y Begonte (Lugo. Muestra aleatoria estratificada por edad y sexo a partir de los padrones municipales de cada zona y municipio (n=5,079. Evaluación basal de la cohorte en dos fases: domiciliaria mediante encuesta estructurada para cribado de enfermedad isquémica cardiaca y factores de riesgo clásicos (hipertensión, dislipemia, diabetes y tabaquismo y clínica para confirmación de casos. En la fase de seguimiento se utilizó el «método de búsqueda en frío» del proyecto MONICA modificado para la búsqueda e indagación de casos incidentes usando todos los informes clínicos hospitalarios y de atención primaria para la confirmación del evento cardiovascular. Adicionalmente se solicitó al INE información sobre causa y fecha de la muerte de los individuos de la cohorte fallecidos...

Validación de un cuestionario para evaluar causas administrativas de la baja notificación de reacciones adversas a los medicamentos

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Lisset Ortiz Zamora

Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivo Diseñar y validar una encuesta para conocer las causas de tipo administrativo que pueden influir en la baja notificación de reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM. Métodos El cuestionario se diseñó a partir de una revisión bibliográfica y una tormenta de ideas. Las variables que se consideraron que pueden influir en la notificación fueron la carga de trabajo de los profesionales y su percepción del control de la actividad de farmacovigilancia. Para su validación, se encuestó a 60 profesionales de una muestra de conveniencia. La confiabilidad se calculó con la alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente de Kuder Richardson. La validez de contenido se cuantificó con el coeficiente de Kendall y la de criterio, mediante la concordancia con el criterio establecido. Resultados El cuestionario tipo encuesta quedó constituido por 15 preguntas y estructurado en dos partes, información general y causas administrativas de la baja notificación de RAM. La alfa de Cronbach fue 0,87, el coeficiente de Kuder Richardson, 0,9033, y la validez total, 1,51, resultante de 70% de concordancia y un coeficiente de correlación por rangos de 0,81. Conclusiones La confiabilidad de la encuesta validada fue aceptable-elevada y su validez, aceptable.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario que mide la percepción de efectividad del uso de metodologías de participación activa (CEMPA. El caso del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABPrj en la docencia de la contabilidad

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Amalia Carrasco Gallego

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Numerosos trabajos llevados a cabo en docencia de la contabilidad, que relacionan metodologías de participación activa con desarrollo de competencias técnicas y no técnicas, utilizan cuestionarios para sustentar los hallazgos obtenidos en los mismos. Sin embargo, no se ha llevado a cabo un proceso de validación de los cuestionarios utilizados que garantice la validez y la fiabilidad de cada uno de los ítems que forman parte de los mismos. El objetivo del trabajo ha sido el diseño y validación de un cuestionario que sirva para medir la efectividad de las metodologías de participación activa, en concreto en Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABPrj. La muestra utilizada está compuesta por alumnos de Administración y Dirección de Empresas que cursaron Contabilidad Avanzada y Análisis Contable, y el periodo de observación es de cuatro cursos (años académicos. El trabajo examinó la estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Efectividad del Uso de Metodologías de Participación Activa (CEMPA a través de un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que la estructura del cuestionario es válida y adecuada para medir la percepción que tienen los alumnos sobre las habilidades y capacidades adquiridas a través de la metodología de participación activa ABPr

Frailty and cardiovascular risk in community-dwelling elderly: a population-based study

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Ricci NA

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Natalia Aquaroni Ricci,1 Germane Silva Pessoa,1 Eduardo Ferriolli,2 Rosangela Correa Dias,3 Monica Rodrigues Perracini1 1Master’s and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID, São Paulo, 2Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP, Ribeirão Preto, 3Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Background: Evidence suggests a possible bidirectional connection between cardiovascular disease (CVD and the frailty syndrome in older people.Purpose: To verify the relationship between CVD risk factors and the frailty syndrome in community-dwelling elderly.Methods: This population-based study used data from the Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA Network Study, a cross-sectional study designed to investigate frailty profiles among Brazilian older adults. Frailty status was defined as the presence of three or more out of five of the following criteria: unintentional weight loss, weakness, self-reported fatigue, slow walking speed, and low physical activity level. The ascertained CVD risk factors were self-reported and/or directly measured hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, waist circumference ­measurement, and smoking.Results: Of the 761 participants, 9.7% were characterized as frail, 48.0% as pre-frail, and 42.3% as non-frail. The most prevalent CVD risk factor was hypertension (84.4% and the lowest one was smoking (10.4%. It was observed that among those participants with four or five risk factors there was a higher proportion of frail and pre-frail compared with non-frail (Fisher’s exact test: P=0.005; P=0.021. Self-reported diabetes mellitus was more prevalent among frail and pre-frail participants when compared with non-frail participants (Fisher’s exact test: P≤0.001; P≤0.001. There was little agreement between self-reported hypertension and hypertension identified by blood pressure measurement.Conclusion: Hypertension was

Non-cardiovascular findings in clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in children

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghadimi Mahani, Maryam; Morani, Ajaykumar C.; Lu, Jimmy C.; Dorfman, Adam L.; Fazeli Dehkordy, Soudabeh; Jeph, Sunil; Agarwal, Prachi P.

2016-01-01

With increasing use of pediatric cardiovascular MRI, it is important for all imagers to become familiar with the spectrum of non-cardiovascular imaging findings that can be encountered. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and nature of these findings in pediatric cardiovascular MRIs performed at our institution. We retrospectively evaluated reports of all cardiovascular MRI studies performed at our institute from January 2008 to October 2012 in patients younger than18 years. Most studies (98%) were jointly interpreted by a pediatric cardiologist and a radiologist. We reviewed the electronic medical records of all cases with non-cardiovascular findings, defined as any imaging finding outside the cardiovascular system. Non-cardiovascular findings were classified into significant and non-significant, based on whether they were known at the time of imaging or they required additional workup or a change in management. In 849 consecutive studies (mean age 9.7 ± 6.3 years), 145 non-cardiovascular findings were found in 140 studies (16.5% of total studies). Overall, 51.0% (74/145) of non-cardiovascular findings were in the abdomen, 30.3% (44/145) were in the chest, and 18.6% (27/145) were in the spine. A total of 19 significant non-cardiovascular findings were observed in 19 studies in individual patients (2.2% of total studies, 47% male, mean age 5.9 ± 6.7 years). Significant non-cardiovascular findings included hepatic adenoma, arterially enhancing focal liver lesions, asplenia, solitary kidney, pelvicaliectasis, renal cystic diseases, gastric distention, adrenal hemorrhage, lung hypoplasia, air space disease, bronchial narrowing, pneumomediastinum and retained surgical sponge. Non-cardiovascular findings were seen in 16.5% of cardiovascular MRI studies in children, of which 2.2% were clinically significant findings. Prevalence and nature of these non-cardiovascular findings are different from those reported in adults. Attention to these findings is important

Non-cardiovascular findings in clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in children

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghadimi Mahani, Maryam [University of Michigan Health System, C.S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Morani, Ajaykumar C. [The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Houston, TX (United States); Lu, Jimmy C.; Dorfman, Adam L. [University of Michigan Health System, C.S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Fazeli Dehkordy, Soudabeh [University of Michigan Health System, C.S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Department of Graduate Medical Education, Southfield, MI (United States); Jeph, Sunil [The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Houston, TX (United States); Geisinger Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Danville, PA (United States); Agarwal, Prachi P. [University of Michigan Health System, Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

2016-04-15

With increasing use of pediatric cardiovascular MRI, it is important for all imagers to become familiar with the spectrum of non-cardiovascular imaging findings that can be encountered. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and nature of these findings in pediatric cardiovascular MRIs performed at our institution. We retrospectively evaluated reports of all cardiovascular MRI studies performed at our institute from January 2008 to October 2012 in patients younger than18 years. Most studies (98%) were jointly interpreted by a pediatric cardiologist and a radiologist. We reviewed the electronic medical records of all cases with non-cardiovascular findings, defined as any imaging finding outside the cardiovascular system. Non-cardiovascular findings were classified into significant and non-significant, based on whether they were known at the time of imaging or they required additional workup or a change in management. In 849 consecutive studies (mean age 9.7 ± 6.3 years), 145 non-cardiovascular findings were found in 140 studies (16.5% of total studies). Overall, 51.0% (74/145) of non-cardiovascular findings were in the abdomen, 30.3% (44/145) were in the chest, and 18.6% (27/145) were in the spine. A total of 19 significant non-cardiovascular findings were observed in 19 studies in individual patients (2.2% of total studies, 47% male, mean age 5.9 ± 6.7 years). Significant non-cardiovascular findings included hepatic adenoma, arterially enhancing focal liver lesions, asplenia, solitary kidney, pelvicaliectasis, renal cystic diseases, gastric distention, adrenal hemorrhage, lung hypoplasia, air space disease, bronchial narrowing, pneumomediastinum and retained surgical sponge. Non-cardiovascular findings were seen in 16.5% of cardiovascular MRI studies in children, of which 2.2% were clinically significant findings. Prevalence and nature of these non-cardiovascular findings are different from those reported in adults. Attention to these findings is important

Thigh circumference and risk of heart disease and premature death: prospective cohort study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Heitmann, Berit; Frederiksen, Peder

2009-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between thigh circumference and incident cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease and total mortality. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study with Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic splines. SETTING: Random subset of adults...... in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: 1436 men and 1380 women participating in the Danish MONICA project, examined in 1987-8 for height, weight, and thigh, hip, and waist circumference, and body composition by impedance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 10 year incidence of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease and 12.5 years...... of follow-up for total death. RESULTS: A small thigh circumference was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases and total mortality in both men and women. A threshold effect for thigh circumference was evident, with greatly increased risk of premature death below...

Thigh circumference and risk of heart disease and premature death

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Heitmann, Berit L; Frederiksen, Peder

2009-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between thigh circumference and incident cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease and total mortality. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study with Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic splines. SETTING: Random subset of adults...... in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: 1436 men and 1380 women participating in the Danish MONICA project, examined in 1987-8 for height, weight, and thigh, hip, and waist circumference, and body composition by impedance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 10 year incidence of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease and 12.5 years...... of follow-up for total death. RESULTS: A small thigh circumference was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases and total mortality in both men and women. A threshold effect for thigh circumference was evident, with greatly increased risk of premature death below...

Validación del cuestionario de auto-reporte de comportamiento antisocial en adolescentes: CACSA

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Paula Alarcón Bañares

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El estudio tiene por objetivo presentar la validación de un instrumento formulado racionalmente para evaluar, mediante auto-reporte, el comportamiento social en adolescentes chilenos (CACSA y describir el comportamiento social de dos grupos: adolescentes escolarizados (N=1914 y adolescentes infractores de ley (N=264. El cuestionario posee 56 ítemes que exploran tres dimensiones generales, a Comportamiento Prosocial (CPRO, b Comportamiento Antisocial Total (CAT; y c Víctima de Abuso de Poder (VAP; CAT contiene seis dimensiones específicas: Delitos (D, Transgresiones Contra la Propiedad (TPRO, Transgresiones Contra las Personas (TPER, Comportamiento Abusivo con Pares (CAP, Consumo de Alcohol y Drogas (OHD; y Transgresiones Sociales Leves (TSL. El estudio incluye también una escala de deseabilidad social y otra actitudinal. Los resultados revelan importantes fortalezas psicométricas del instrumento y capacidad de discriminación entre adolescentes escolarizados e infractores de ley. Se discute la importancia de reconocer por auto-reporte la prevalencia de comportamientos antisociales y la relación entre conductas prosociales y antisociales en adolescentes chilenos.

Involucramiento estudiantil en el proceso educativo: cuestionario para determinar necesidades de capacitación de docentes

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Robles Murillo, Jorge

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada durante los años 2011-2012 con una muestra representativa de docentes de la Región Educativa de Cartago en la primera medición, y docentes de cinco colegios de San José en una segunda fase. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa; se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para elaborar una estructura que mide necesidades de capacitación del personal docente de secundaria, específicamente en el área de promoción del involucramiento del estudiantado en el proceso educativo, debido a la importancia de la figura docente en este fenómeno, y su relación con el logro escolar y la permanencia en el colegio. La primera prueba fue aplicada a 365 docentes; luego de analizar las respuestas de los ítemes, se propuso un cuestionario estableciendo dos categorías. La primera es las estrategias para la promoción del logro, la cual incluye los factores condicionantes que favorecen el proceso formativo, apoyo al logro y aspectos pedagógicos, y se relacionó el 73% de las y los docentes con estas acciones. El porcentaje restante (27% se relacionó con acciones que enriquecen el ambiente institucional que es la segunda categoría. Producto del análisis de los resultados de esta primera etapa, se elaboró un cuestionario que discriminó los ítemes con porcentajes bajos en la estructura factorial. Esta prueba fue aplicada a 90 docentes de San José. En conclusión, se propone un cuestionario de 26 ítemes que mide los cuatro factores identificados para ser utilizado por profesionales en Orientación en el planeamiento de capacitaciones para el profesorado.Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study that took place between 2011 and 2012. In a first phase, participants were a representative sample of secondary school teachers from the Educational Region of Cartago; the second phase took place in San José, with the participation of teachers from five

Agencia de autocuidado y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes

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Rosa del Socorro Morales Aguilar

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes de una Institución de Educación Superior en el Distrito de Barranquilla, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, de corte transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, basado en la Teoría del Déficit de Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem. La muestra fue compuesta por 133 adolescentes, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicaron la Escala Apreciación de la Agencia de Autocuidado (segunda versión en español, el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (versión corta y la Encuesta Mundial de Tabaquismo en Jóvenes. Para el análisis de los niveles de significancia se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para muestras independientes. Resultados: La mayor parte de los participantes presentó niveles de capacidad de agencia de autocuidado media y alta respectivamente. De acuerdo con la identificación de los factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular, se evidenció que los adolescentes presentaron probabilidades de desarrollar alguna enfermedad cardiovascular hacia el futuro, dado el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo, como son la obesidad y el sedentarismo. En cuanto a la relación entre la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado y los factores de riesgo, se encontró asociación significativa al relacionar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado con las categorías de clasificación de la presión arterial. Conclusiones: Los resultados encontrados en el presente estudio coinciden con lo hallado por otros investigadores que afirman que el sedentarismo y la obesidad son los factores de riesgo con mayor presencia en los adolescentes. De igual manera, los hallazgos indican que los adolescentes mostraron capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de nivel medio, pero sólo se encontró asociaci

Cuestionario para calcular la Huella Ecológica de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos y su aplicación en el Campus Zaragoza de la Universidad Nacional

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José Manuel Ibarra-Cisneros

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se desarrolló un cuestionario de 30 preguntas para calcular la huella ecológica (HE de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos, considerando el estilo de vida y el patrón de consumo propios de la cultura mexicana. Primero, se obtuvo de anuarios estadísticos la productividad promedio (en ton/ha/año, de los bienes agropecuarios y pesqueros más demandados, y de papel de cuadernos escolares, con la finalidad de determinar la superficie que se requiere para producir el consumo anual del mexicano promedio, por tipo de bien; también, se calculó el área promedio para absorber el dióxido de carbono generado por el consumo de energía directo (debido al uso de transportes, de equipos electrónicos, de agua caliente para ducharse y de agua potable de empleo cotidiano, e indirecto (producción, distribución y comercialización de productos. Posteriormente, se transformaron las superficies obtenidas a hectáreas globales (hag mediante factores de conversión y se aplicó el cuestionario a 125 alumnos universitarios obteniendo una HE de 1.48 hag, con resultado de mayor impacto ambiental individual al rubro de alimentos (0.42 hag por el consumo de cárnicos, seguido del uso de energía (0.35 hag, principalmente por utilizar gas LP en la ducha cotidiana. Esta HE está dentro de los límites de sustentabilidad global (< 1.61 hag. No hubo diferencias significativas debidas al nivel de estudios, edad o sexo de la muestra. Finalmente, se concluye que el instrumento desarrollado es coherente con los resultados obtenidos de cuestionarios disponibles en línea y elaborados en países de alto nivel de consumo de bienes y servicios y que aquí se presenta la primera calculadora de huella ecológica que toma en cuenta la idiosincrasia mexicana.

Primera revisión del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida para Adultos Mayores en Comunidad ccvamc-62

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José González Tovar

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se tiene como objetivo confirmarla estructura del Cuestionario de Calidad deVida para Adultos Mayores en Comunidad enCoahuila, México. El muestreo fue intencional,535 adultos mayores, 49% hombres y51% mujeres. El instrumento contó con 104reactivos organizados en nueve dimensiones:bienestar físico, autodeterminación, vivienda,seguridad material, participación ciudadana,bienestar emocional, relaciones interpersonales,educación, bienestar espiritual y plan de vida.Se obtuvo la consistencia interna y el análisisfactorial exploratorio (afe y confirmatorio(afc. La estructura es similar a la propuestade Verdugo Alonso (2009 y también se puederelacionar con las categorías de Arita Watanabe(2005. Se logró una reducción de nueve a sietedimensiones y de 104 a 62 reactivos.

LA EVALUACIÓN SITUACIONAL DE LOS CONFLICTOS: CONSTRUCCIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DEL CUESTIONARIO DE ESTRATEGIAS Y METAS DE RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS ESCOLARES

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Esperanza Ceballos

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio ha sido la construcción y análisis de un cuestionario para evaluar las estrategias y metas de resolución de conflictos escolares en situaciones representativas para el alumnado y el profesorado, administradas en versiones diferenciadas a 1786 estudiantes de la ESO y a 147 de sus profesores respectivamente. Los análisis identifican en ambas versiones tres factores de estrategias (Integrador, Dominador y Evitador del malestar y dos de metas (Metas a Largo Plazo y Metas a Corto Plazo con adecuada consistencia interna, y ausencia de diferencias en función de haber experimentado la situación realmente o no. Entre otros, se destaca el efecto del nivel de participación en los conflictos, que en la versión del alumnado predice menos estrategias integradoras y más dominadoras y evitadoras —incluso por encima de los efectos de género y curso en estas últimas—, así como más metas a corto plazo. El cuestionario se muestra como un instrumento realista y sensible que permite comparar la gestión diferenciada del conflicto en alumnos y profesores, proporcionando así claves para promover la convivencia escolar.

Factores de riesgo y eventos cardiovasculares en inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos en el Distrito Macarena, Sevilla, España: estudio piloto Fatores de risco e eventos cardiovasculares em imigrantes latino americanos adultos no Distrito Macarena, Sevilla, Espanha: estudo piloto Risk factors and cardiovascular events in adult Latin American immigrants in the Macarena District, Seville, Spain: a pilot study

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José Rafael González-López

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Con la finalidad de estimar la prevalencia por autorreporte de factores de riesgo y eventos cardiovasculares en población latinoamericana inmigrante adulta del Distrito 2 (Macarena de Sevilla, se realizó un estudio piloto de investigación descriptiva de corte transversal. Fue utilizado un cuestionario anónimo con autorreporte de factores de riesgo y eventos cardiovasculares. Resultados: participaron 34 personas, (18% de la muestra, media etaria: 31,8 años, residencia media: 6,5 años, mujeres: 52,9%. Prevalencias de factores de riesgo: 8,8% diabetes, 14,7% colesterol elevado y 23,5% hipertensión arterial. Prevalencia de eventos coronarios corresponde a 8,8%: angina de pecho, infarto de miocardio y accidente cerebrovascular: 2,9% para ambos. Se concluye en que la prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares autorreportados supera la mencionada en la literatura, mereciendo este asunto la atención de los organismos sanitarios. Este dato debe ser tenido en cuenta por enfermería para elaborar planes de cuidados adaptados culturalmente al contexto de este colectivo inmigrante.Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de auto-relato de fatores de risco e eventos cardiovasculares na população latinoamericana imigrante adulta do Distrito 2 (Macarena de Sevilla. Estudo piloto de investigação descritiva de corte transversal, utilizou-se um questionário anônimo com auto-relato de fatores de risco e eventos cardiovasculares. Participaram 34 pessoas, (18% do total da mostra, idade média: 31,8 anos, residência média: 6,5 anos, mulheres: 52.9%. Prevalências de fatores de risco: 8,8% diabetes, 26.5% colesterol elevado e 14,5% hipertensão arterial. Prevalência de eventos coronários é de 8,8%: angina de peito, infarto do miocárdio e acidente cerebrovascular, com 2,9% cada um. A conclusão é que a auto-relatada prevalência de eventos cardiovasculares é maior do que a literatura, esta questão merece a atenção de agências de sa

Niveles de actividad física, beneficios, barreras y autoeficacia en un grupo de empleados oficiales

OpenAIRE

MARÍA MERCEDES BECERRA MARTÍNEZ; LUZ PATRICIA DÍAZ HEREDIA

2008-01-01

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el nivel de actividad física y la percepción de los beneficios, las barreras y la autoeficacia en un grupo de empleados de 18 a 65 años con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Método: estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional. Para evaluar la actividad física se utilizó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) versión larga y para la evaluación de la escala de barreras, beneficios y autoeficacia se empleó el cuestionario de ...

Validez del Cuestionario International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE en una muestra de población penitenciaria Validity of the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE questionnaire in a sample of prison inmates

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E. Álvaro-Brun

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Conocer los índices validez y establecer el punto de corte más adecuado cuando se utiliza el cuestionario IPDE en una muestra de población penitenciaria. Material y método: Estudio transversal realizado con una muestra de 100 penados de dos centros penitenciarios de Madrid seleccionados de forma correlativa. Instrumentos de evaluación, cuestionario de datos demográficos, penitenciarios y toxicológicos; y entrevista completa y cuestionario de evaluación IPDE versión DSM-IV. Estudio de sensibilidad y especificidad del cuestionario IPDE con distintos puntos de corte utilizando como "patrón oro" la entrevista IPDE. Resultados: Utilizando el punto de corte 3 o más respuestas no coincidentes con la esperadas, se encuentra baja especificidad (2,5% para la presencia de uno o más trastornos de la personalidad, y baja sensibilidad para los trastornos antisocial (56,7% y límite (58,8% de la personalidad. Discusión: El cuestionario IPDE tiene escasa utilidad en la población penitenciaria estudiada cuando se aplica con los estándares de referencia habituales, pues el número de falsos positivos que produce es muy elevado. Los mejores índices de validez para identificar uno o más trastornos de la personalidad se obtienen con el punto de corte probable igual a 4 o más respuestas no coincidentes con las esperadas. En cualquier caso el uso del cuestionario IPDE en los reclusos evaluados no aporta beneficios ya que, incluso con el punto de corte habitual de 3 o más respuestas no coincidentes, para los trastornos de personalidad más frecuentes en la muestra estudiada, el antisocial y el límite, se observa que la sensibilidad es baja.Objective: To discover the validity indices and establish the most adequate cut off point when using the IPDE questionnaire on a sample of prison inmates. Materials and Methods: A transversal study was carried out on a correlatively selected sample of 100 inmates at two prisons in Madrid. Evaluation

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in adults with previous cardiovascular surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff, Florian; Trauzeddel, Ralf Felix; Schulz-Menger, Jeanette

2014-03-01

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a versatile non-invasive imaging modality that serves a broad spectrum of indications in clinical cardiology and has proven evidence. Most of the numerous applications are appropriate in patients with previous cardiovascular surgery in the same manner as in non-surgical subjects. However, some specifics have to be considered. This review article is intended to provide information about the application of CMR in adults with previous cardiovascular surgery. In particular, the two main scenarios, i.e. following coronary artery bypass surgery and following heart valve surgery, are highlighted. Furthermore, several pictorial descriptions of other potential indications for CMR after cardiovascular surgery are given.

Adaptación y validación del cuestionario CUVE³-EP para la evaluación de la violencia escolar en centros de enseñanza básica de la República Dominicana

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David Álvarez-García

2015-10-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar y validar una versión del cuestionario CUVE³-EP (Álvarez-García, Núñez y Dobarro, 2012 adaptada al contexto de las escuelas de Enseñanza Básica de la República Dominicana. El cuestionario fue puesto a prueba con 1945 estudiantes de 5º, 6º, 7º y 8º grado del Nivel Básico, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 17 años, pertenecientes a 14 centros educativos de Santo Domingo. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios realizados muestran que el modelo que mejor ajusta a los datos es el compuesto por siete tipos de violencia escolar: violencia verbal entre estudiantes; violencia verbal de alumnado hacia profesorado; violencia física directa y amenazas entre estudiantes; violencia física indirecta por parte del alumnado; exclusión social entre estudiantes; disrupción en el aula; y violencia de profesorado hacia alumnado. Tras examinar sus propiedades psicométricas, se concluye que la adaptación del cuestionario CUVE³-EP presentada en este trabajo constituye un instrumento fiable y válido para la evaluación de la violencia escolar en los centros de Enseñanza Básica de la República Dominicana.

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular y estilos de vida de estudiantes universitarios / Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle Habits in College Students / Fatores de risco cardiovascular e estilo de vida em estudantes universitários

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Clara Inés Padilla-García, Enf. Mg.

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Se reconoce que los principales factores de riesgo de las enfermedades cardiovasculares son: la obesidad, la hipertensión arterial, el consumo de tabaco, la falta de actividad física y la alimentación poco saludable, entre otros. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares cada vez se hacen más frecuentes a temprana edad considerándose un problema de salud pública que afecta al sujeto que la padece, a su familia y al sistema de salud por el incremento de costos que acarrea al sistema. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y los estilos de vida en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo observacional de carácter transversal. La muestra fue no asignada al azar sino por conveniencia, constituida por 323 estudiantes que participaron de una jornada de salud en una universidad privada de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Se administró un cuestionario que permitió valorar las características sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y estilos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: La edad media de la población estudiada fue de 20 años, siendo el 73.7% mujeres y el 26.3% hombres. En general, el 13.8% de los estudiantes se encontraron con sobrepeso y el 5% en obesidad. El 1.9% presentó pre hipertensión sistólica y el 2.2% pre hipertensión diastólica. Por género, el 24.8% de las mujeres y 7.3% de hombres presentaron circunferencia abdominal en riesgo. De los estudiantes, el 49.8% tenían antecedentes familiares de enfermedad crónica. El 13% de los estudiantes señalaron haber sufrido de enfermedad crónica como diabetes, hipertensión y cardiopatía. Respecto a los estilos de vida, el 46.7% de los estudiantes refirieron consumir alcohol, el 9.28% tenían el hábito del consumo de tabaco y el 41.8% refirieron no tener actividad física durante la semana. Conclusiones: Existen factores de riesgo cardiovascular presentes en

HIV and Cardiovascular Disease

Science.gov (United States)

... Select a Language: Fact Sheet 652 HIV and Cardiovascular Disease HIV AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE WHY SHOULD PEOPLE WITH HIV CARE ABOUT CVD? ... OF CVD? WHAT ABOUT CHANGING MEDICATIONS? HIV AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes a group of problems ...

Postirradiation cardiovascular dysfunction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hawkins, R.N.; Cockerham, L.G.

1987-01-01

Cardiovascular dysfunction may be defined as the inability of any element of the cardiovascular system to perform adequately upon demand, leading to inadequate performance and nutritive insufficiency of various parts of the body. Exposure to supralethal doses of radiation (accidental and therapeutic) has been show to induce significant alterations in cardiovascular function in man. These findings indicate that, after irradiation, cardiovascular function is a major determinant of continued performance and even survival. For the two persons who received massive radiation doses (45 and 88 Gy, respectively) in criticality accidents, the inability to maintain systematic arterial blood pressure (AP) was the immediate cause of death. In a study of cancer patients given partial-body irradiation, two acute lethalities were attributed to myocardial infarction after an acute hypotensive episode during the first few hours postexposure. Although radiation-induced cardiovascular dysfunction has been observed in many species, its severity, duration, and even etiology may vary with the species, level of exposure, and dose rate. For this reason, our consideration of the effects of radiation on cardiovascular performance is limited to the circulatory derangements that occur in rat, dog, and monkey after supralethal doses and lead to radiation-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in these experimental models. The authors consider other recent data as they pertain to the etiology of cardiovascular dysfunction in irradiated animals

Coarse-grained sediment delivery and distribution in the Holocene Santa Monica Basin, California: Implications for evaluating source-to-sink flux at millennial time scales

Science.gov (United States)

Romans, B.W.; Normark, W.R.; McGann, M.M.; Covault, J.A.; Graham, S.A.

2009-01-01

Utilizing accumulations of coarse-grained terrigenous sediment from deep-marine basins to evaluate the relative contributions of and history of controls on sediment flux through a source-to-sink system has been difficult as a result of limited knowledge of event timing. In this study, six new radiocarbon (14C) dates are integrated with five previously published dates that have been recalibrated from a 12.5-m-thick turbidite section from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California. This borehole is tied to high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that cover an 1100 km2 area of the middle and lower Hueneme submarine fan and most of the basin plain. The resulting stratigraphic framework provides the highest temporal resolution for a thick-bedded Holocene turbidite succession to date, permitting an evaluation of source-to-sink controls at millennial (1000 yr) scales. The depositional history from 7 ka to present indicates that the recurrence interval for large turbidity-current events is relatively constant (300-360 yr), but the volume of sediment deposited on the fan and in the basin plain has increased by a factor of 2 over this period. Moreover, the amount of sand per event on the basin plain during the same interval has increased by a factor of 7. Maps of sediment distribution derived from correlation of seismic-reflection profiles indicate that this trend cannot be attributed exclusively to autogenic processes (e.g., progradation of depocenters). The observed variability in sediment accumulation rates is thus largely controlled by allogenic factors, including: (1) increased discharge of Santa Clara River as a result of increased magnitude and frequency of El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events from ca. 2 ka to present, (2) an apparent change in routing of coarse-grained sediment within the staging area at ca. 3 ka (i.e., from direct river input to indirect, littoral cell input into Hueneme submarine canyon), and (3

Questionário SRS-30 para adolescentes portadores de escoliose idiopática Cuestionario SRS-30 para adolescentes portadores de escoliosis idiopática SRS-30 Questionnaire for adolescents with idiophatic scoliosis

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Gustavo Carriço de Oliveira

2010-06-01

ários antecedentes ao SRS-30 no idioma inglês e em outras línguas.INTRODUCCIÓN: la medición de la calidad de vida relacionada con salud es una práctica común en la evaluación de las enfermedades de la columna vertebral. El cuestionario SRS-30 (versión procedente del instrumento Scoliosis Reserch Society-22 es un instrumento válido para la evaluación clínica de pacientes portadores de escoliosis idiopática en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, su adaptación a otros idiomas es necesaria para el uso multinacional. OBJETIVO: analizar los dominios e ítems del cuestionario SRS-30 para adolescentes. Discutir la aplicación del cuestionario Scoliosis Reserch Society (SRS en diversas versiones. DISEÑO DE ESTUDIO: revisión narrativa de la literatura de un cuestionario para medir la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud y de sus versiones en diferentes idiomas. MÉTODOS: fue conducida una versión narrativa de la literatura en relación a la traducción y validación de los cuestionarios SRS-22, SRS-24 y SRS-30. RESULTADOS: ocho publicaciones fueron identificadas en la literatura describiendo la traducción y validación del cuestionario SRS en los idiomas español, japonés, turco, chino, italiano y alemán. Ningún artículo sobre el cuestionario SRS-30 en la versión brasilera fue localizado en la literatura. El contenido de los ítems de cada dominio se refiere tanto a datos concretos y fáciles de precisar, así como también las experiencias subjetivas de las personas y las reacciones emocionales delante de determinados hechos. La mayoría de los instrumentos que evalúan calidad de vida fueron desarrollados en el idioma inglés y hay necesidad de la adaptación de estos cuestionarios para el uso en países en que el inglés no sea la lengua oficial. CONCLUSIONES: cuestionarios que evalúen calidad de vida relacionada con salud deben sufrir adaptaciones culturales para mantener la validad interna del instrumento. Para eso, urge otro diseño de estudio para la validaci

Metaanálisis de comparación de grupos y metaanálisis de generalización de la fiabilidad del cuestionario State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI

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Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Desde su creación, el STAI se ha citado en más de 14.000 documentos, contando con más de 60 adaptaciones en diversos países. En algunas de ellas este cuestionario no cuenta con puntuaciones clínicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si el cuestionario State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI tiene puntuaciones superiores en personas diagnosticadas de ansiedad respecto a la población general. Además, se pretende analizar si la consistencia interna es adecuada en personas con ansiedad. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Tripdatabase, Cochrane, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, PyscINFO y Scholar Google de documentos publicados entre 2008 y 2012. Se seleccionaron 131 artículos para la comparación entre pacientes diagnosticados de ansiedad respecto a la población general y 25 para la generalización de la fiabilidad. En los análisis se utilizó la d de Cohen para la comparación de medias (método de efectos aleatorios y para la generalización de la fiabilidad el alfa de Cronbach (método de efectos fijos. Resultados: En la comparación entre grupos, en la ansiedad estado (d = 1,39; IC95%: 1,22-1,56 y en la ansiedad rasgo (d = 1,74; IC95%: 1,56-1,91 las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas. Además de ello, la fiabilidad para pacientes con algún trastorno de ansiedad abarcó de 0,87 a 0,93. Conclusiones: El STAI es un cuestionario sensible para medir el nivel de ansiedad y fiable en personas diagnosticadas de crisis de angustia, fobia específica, fobia social, fobia social generalizada, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, trastorno de estrés post-traumático, trastorno obsesivo compulsivo o trastorno por estrés agudo.

Validez concurrente de la versión española del cuestionario de recuperación-estrés para deportistas (RESTQ-SPORT)

OpenAIRE

Ren\\u00E9 Gonz\\u00E1lez-Boto; Alfonso Salguero; Concepci\\u00F3n Tuero; Sara M\\u00E1rquez

2009-01-01

El objeto del presente estudio ha sido investigar la validez concurrente de la versión española del Cuestionario de Recuperación Estrés para Deportistas (RESTQ-Sport), mediante la comparación con el Perfil de los Estados de Ánimo (POMS) y la escala de Ansiedad-Estado del Inventario de Ansiedad Estado/Rasgo (STAI). Participaron 194 deportistas (53% varones, y 47% mujeres). Las escalas Tensión, Depresión, Cólera, Fatiga y Confusión del POMS mostraron correlaciones positivas con las escalas y fa...

Constructing African Art Histories for the Lagoons of Côte d’Ivoire. Monica Blackmun Visona, Constructing African Art Histories for the Lagoons of Côte d’Ivoire, Ashgate, 2010

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Robert T. Soppelsa

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This essay reviews Constructing African Art Histories for the Lagoons of Côte d’Ivoire, by Monica Blackmun Visonà. After reviewing previous publications and approaches to the study of art and culture from the lagoon region of southeastern Côte d’Ivoire, Visonà proceeds to discuss the arts of this region based on her field work during three field visits conducted during the 1980s, and attempts to construct a revisionist interpretation of these arts. The arts of healing and shrine arts, arts of leadership, age-set festivals and performance arts, and recent developments in the arts of the region are considered in individual chapters. The book is remarkable for its clarity of presentation, and for its frequent references to Western art history and its methodologies.

Diseño y Validación del Cuestionario de Autoesquemas Desadaptativos en Fobia Social CAD-FS

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RONALD TORO

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se diseñó y validó el Cuestionario de Auto- esquemas Desadaptativos en la Fobia Social ( CAD-FS para evaluar los contenidos cognitivos disfuncionales de estos trastornos. Se obtuvo la validez de contenido por medio de tres jurados expertos. Con una muestra de 1,413 participantes con edad promedio de 26.41 años ( DE =8.51, la consistencia interna fue α =.86, con una adecua - da validez de criterio con la escala de Temor a la Evaluación Negativa ( r =656, p <.01. A su vez, se - gún el análisis de la teoría de respuesta al ítem se ajustó a los parámetros del modelo de crédito par - cial de Masters. Se recomienda este instrumento para la evaluación de la fobia social durante el tratamiento cognitivo conductual.

Un cuestionario para la evaluación psicológica de la ejecución deportiva : estudio complementario entre TCT y TRI

OpenAIRE

Hernández Mendo, Antonio

2006-01-01

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la construcción y baremación de uncuestionario que tiene como objetivo la elaboración de un perfil de habilidades psicológicas de deportistas de distintas disciplinas. La importancia de este cuestionario radica, a nivel teórico, en la complementariedad de las tres teorías al uso en psicometría (Teoría Clásica de los Test -TCT-, Teoría de Respuesta al Item -TRI- y Teoría de la Generalizabilidad -TG-), y, a nivel aplicado, en la posibilidad de cons...

Mortality of mothers from cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes following pregnancy complications in first delivery

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lykke, Jacob Alexander; Langhoff-Roos, Jens; Lockwood, Charles J

2010-01-01

cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes following preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age offspring and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We found that preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age were both associated with subsequent death of mothers from cardiovascular and non...... cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes, while hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are markers of early death of mothers from cardiovascular causes....

Temporal and spatial distributions of contaminants in sediments of Santa Monica Bay, California

Science.gov (United States)

Bay, S.M.; Zeng, E.Y.; Lorenson, T.D.; Tran, K.; Alexander, Corrine

2003-01-01

Contaminant inputs from wastewater discharge, a major source of contamination to Santa Monica Bay (SMB), have declined drastically during the last three decades as a result of improved treatment processes and better source control. To assess the concomitant temporal changes in the SMB sediments, a study was initiated in June 1997, in which 25 box cores were collected using a stratified random sampling design. Five sediment strata corresponding to the time intervals of 1890-1920, 1932-1963, 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997 were identified using 210Pb dating techniques. Samples from each stratum were analyzed for metals, 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total organic carbon (TOC). Samples from the 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997 strata were also analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs). Sediment metal concentrations increased from 1890-1979 and were similar during the time intervals of 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997, although the mass emissions of trace metals from sewage inputs declined substantially during the same time period. Trace organic contamination in SMB was generally highest in sediments corresponding to deposition during the years of 1965-1979 or 1979-1989 and showed a decline in concentration in the 1989-1997 stratum. Temporal trends of contamination were greatest in sediments collected from areas near the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) outfall system and on the slope of Redondo Canyon. The highest contaminant concentrations were present in sediments near the HTP 7-mile outfall in the 1965-1979 stratum. Elevated trace metal and organic concentrations were still present in the 1989-1997 stratum of most stations, suggesting that sediment contaminants have moved vertically in the sediment column since sludge discharges from the 7-mile outfall (a dominant source of contamination to the bay) ceased in 1987. The

Diabetes Drugs and Cardiovascular Safety

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Ji Cheol Bae

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Diabetes is a well-known risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and the beneficial effect of improved glycemic control on cardiovascular complications has been well established. However, the rosiglitazone experience aroused awareness of potential cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes drugs and prompted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to issue new guidelines about cardiovascular risk. Through postmarketing cardiovascular safety trials, some drugs demonstrated cardiovascular benefits, while some antidiabetic drugs raised concern about a possible increased cardiovascular risk associated with drug use. With the development of new classes of drugs, treatment options became wider and the complexity of glycemic management in type 2 diabetes has increased. When choosing the appropriate treatment strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, not only the glucose-lowering effects, but also overall benefits and risks for cardiovascular disease should be taken into consideration.

Long-term effects of total and source-specific particulate air pollution on incident cardiovascular disease in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Science.gov (United States)

Stockfelt, Leo; Andersson, Eva M; Molnár, Peter; Gidhagen, Lars; Segersson, David; Rosengren, Annika; Barregard, Lars; Sallsten, Gerd

2017-10-01

Long-term exposure to air pollution increases cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, but it is not clear which components of air pollution are the most harmful, nor which time window of exposure is most relevant. Further studies at low exposure levels have also been called for. We analyzed two Swedish cohorts to investigate the effects of total and source-specific particulate matter (PM) on incident cardiovascular disease for different time windows of exposure. Two cohorts initially recruited to study predictors of cardiovascular disease (the PPS cohort and the GOT-MONICA cohort) were followed from 1990 to 2011. We collected data on residential addresses and assigned each individual yearly total and source-specific PM and Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) exposures based on dispersion models. Using multivariable Cox regression models with time-dependent exposure, we studied the association between three different time windows (lag 0, lag 1-5, and exposure at study start) of residential PM and NO x exposure, and incidence of ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. During the study period, there were 2266 new-onset cases of ischemic heart disease, 1391 of stroke, 925 of heart failure and 1712 of atrial fibrillation. The majority of cases were in the PPS cohort, where participants were older. Exposure levels during the study period were moderate (median: 13µg/m 3 for PM 10 and 9µg/m 3 for PM 2.5 ), and similar in both cohorts. Road traffic and residential heating were the largest local sources of PM air pollution, and long distance transportation the largest PM source in total. In the PPS cohort, there were positive associations between PM in the last five years and both ischemic heart disease (HR: 1.24 [95% CI: 0.98-1.59] per 10µg/m 3 of PM 10 , and HR: 1.38 [95% CI: 1.08-1.77] per 5µg/m 3 of PM 2.5 ) and heart failure. In the GOT-MONICA cohort, there were positive but generally non-significant associations between PM and stroke (HR: 1

Validación de un cuestionario para investigar concepciones de profesores sobre ciencia y modelado científico en el contexto de la física

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Fernando Lang da Silveira

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Aunque los términos ‘naturaleza de la ciencia’ y ‘modelo científico’ sean polisémicos en la Enseñanza de Ciencias, hay una especie de consenso en el área en cuanto a la importancia de la epistemología y del modelado científico en la formación de estudiantes y profesores. Por eso, diversos investigadores han dedicado esfuerzos a la enseñanza y a la investigación de esos temas. Parte de esos investigadores, así como nosotros, creen que la estrategia del modelado científico aplicada a la Enseñanza de Ciencias, además de ser una herramienta útil para la resolución de problemas, puede favorecer la construcción de una visión de ciencia adecuada a la práctica científica contemporánea. Pero una de las preguntas de investigación que sigue pendiente se refiere a los instrumentos de evaluación de las concepciones de estudiantes y profesores sobre esos temas. Dentro de ese contexto, este estudio tuvo el objetivo de validar un cuestionario para investigar en qué medida las concepciones de profesores sobre ciencia se correlacionan con las de modelado científico en el contexto de la Física. Compuesto inicialmente por 48 afirmaciones, el cuestionario fue aplicado a 218 personas. El análisis de las respuestas llevó a: a la identificación de cuatro factores subyacentes al contenido de las afirmaciones; b una fuerte correlación entre las concepciones sobre ciencia en general y modelado científico en Física; y c la construcción de dos formas alternativas y equivalentes del cuestionario, cada una con 23 afirmaciones, que pueden ser útiles cuando se pretende reducir posibles efectos de test en delineamientos experimentales. Enfatizamos que un instrumento de ese tipo puede ser útil como herramienta auxiliar para la evaluación de estrategias didácticas fundamentadas en elementos teórico - metodológicos pertinentes al proceso de modelado científico que pretendan integrar contenidos de naturaleza epistemológica en la

CONSTRUCCIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN CUESTIONARIO PARA MEDIR CONDUCTAS, CONOCIMIENTOS Y ACTITUDES SOBRE LA HIGIENE DE LAS MANOS EN PERSONAL SANITARIO EN FORMACIÓN

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Joaquín González-Cabrera

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La higiene de manos en el contexto sanitario es un comportamiento complejo. Rara vez se ha determinado el papel conjunto de los conocimientos y las actitudes como predictores de la conducta de higiene de manos. El objetivo principal del trabajo es la descripción de la elaboración de un cuestionario sobre higiene de manos y el análisis de sus propiedades de medida. Método: Estudio instrumental en el que se diseñó y validó un cuestionario. Se llevó acabo en enero de 2009. Éste constó finalmente de 50 ítems que evalúan la intención de conducta antes y después del contacto con el paciente, los conocimientos declarativos y las actitudes sobre la higiene de manos. Se aplicó a 431 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad de Granada. Resultados: Se han realizado tres análisis factoriales, obteniendo finalmente un valor de convergencia general que explica el 46,01% de la varianza total y una alta fiabilidad (a=0,843. Existe correlación entre los conocimientos y la intención de conducta antes y después del contacto con el paciente (p<0,01. Asu vez, la actitud sólo correlaciona con la intención de conducta antes (p<0,05. La conducta de higiene de manos se refiere con una media mayor después de la realización de diversas actividades sanitarias que antes de las mismas (4,26 y 3,96 respectivamente. Tanto los conocimientos declarativos como las actitudes predicen significativamente la intención de conducta, en particular la conducta antes del contacto con el paciente (R2=0,100; Beta estandarizado 0,256 para conocimientos y 0,145 y para actitudes. Conclusiones: El cuestionario muestra una elevada consistencia interna. Se ha obtenido una herramienta válida para evaluar la intención de conducta, los conocimientos y las actitudes sobre higiene de manos en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. La herramienta detecta deficiencias en conocimientos básicos en los estudiantes.

Individual testosterone decline and future mortality risk in men.

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Holmboe, Stine A; Skakkebæk, Niels E; Juul, Anders; Scheike, Thomas; Jensen, Tina K; Linneberg, Allan; Thuesen, Betina H; Andersson, Anna-Maria

2018-01-01

Male aging is characterized by a decline in testosterone (TS) levels with a substantial variability between subjects. However, it is unclear whether differences in age-related changes in TS are associated with general health. We investigated associations between mortality and intra-individual changes in serum levels of total TS, SHBG, free TS and LH during a ten-year period with up to 18 years of registry follow-up. 1167 men aged 30-60 years participating in the Danish Monitoring Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA1) study and who had a follow-up examination ten years later (MONICA10) were included. From MONICA10, the men were followed up to 18 years (mean: 15.2 years) based on the information from national mortality registries via their unique personal ID numbers. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the association between intra-individual hormone changes and all-cause, CVD and cancer mortalities. A total of 421 men (36.1%) died during the follow-up period. Men with most pronounced decline in total TS (mortality risk compared to men within the 10th to 90th percentile (hazard ratio (HR): 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-2.36). No consistent associations were seen in cause-specific mortality analyses. Our study showed that higher mortality rates were seen among the men who had the most pronounced age-related decline in TS, independent of their baseline TS levels. © 2018 European Society of Endocrinology.

Cardiovascular risk and subclinical cardiovascular disease in polycystic ovary syndrome.

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Bajuk Studen, Katica; Jensterle Sever, Mojca; Pfeifer, Marija

2013-01-01

In addition to its effects on reproductive health, it is now well recognized that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder, characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity which leads to an excess lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. PCOS patients are often obese, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and insulin resistant; they have obstructive sleep apnea and have been reported to have higher aldosterone levels in comparison to normal healthy controls. These are all components of an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. Many studies exploring subclinical atherosclerosis using different methods (flow-mediated dilatation, intima media thickness, arterial stiffness, coronary artery calcification) as well as assessing circulating cardiovascular risk markers, point toward an increased cardiovascular risk and early atherogenesis in PCOS. The risk and early features of subclinical atherosclerosis can be reversed by non-medical (normalization of weight, healthy lifestyle) and medical (metformin, thiazolidinediones, spironolactone, and statins) interventions. However, the long-term risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as the clinical significance of different interventions still need to be properly addressed in a large prospective study. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Comunicación intergeneracional: el cuestionario de percepción de la comunicación intergeneracional (CPCI en el contexto costarricense

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Rolando Pérez-Sanchez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente estudio, 156 estudiantes costarricenses entre los 19 y los 29 años (promedio de edad =22,7, SD= 2,35 años, 59% mujeres describieron sus percepciones sobre la comunicación intergeneracional a través de la versión costarricense del Cuestionario de Percepción de la Comunicación Interpersonal (CPCI. En este cuestionario se le solicita a los y las entrevistados pensar en sus encuentros cotidianos con personas de diferentes grupos de edad fuera del ambiente familiar y evaluar tanto las conductas de comunicación de los otros como las propias. Los análisis de factores exploratorios mostraron que el CPIC accede a tres dimensiones evaluativos sobre las conductas comunicativas de los otros (acomodación, sub-comodación y control de la comunicación y dos dimensiones de evaluación de la propia conducta comunicativa (descontento/obligación y manejo del discurso. Los análisis de consistencia interna mostraron índicas Alfas de Cronbach satisfactorios para todas las escalas. Diferencias significativas en la percepción de la comunicación dependiendo del grupo etario de los interloculores indican que el instrumento es sensible a las variaciones de la comunicación intergeneracional dadas por las características específicas de las personas involucradas en la interacción. Las correlaciones de las escalas con mediciones de la frecuencia de contacto intergeneracional e identificación social con el endogrupo erario muestran evidencia mixta sobre la validez de constructo del instrumento. Los resultados se discuten en términos de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento y las características de la comunicación intergeneracional en contextos latinoamericanos.

Sex Differences and Similarities in Atrial Fibrillation Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Mortality in Community Cohorts

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Magnussen, Christina; Niiranen, Teemu J; Ojeda, Francisco M

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac disease in aging populations with high comorbidity and mortality. Sex differences in AF epidemiology are insufficiently understood. METHODS: In N=79 793 individuals without AF diagnosis at baseline (median age, 49.6 years; age range, 24.......1-97.6 years; 51.7% women) from 4 community-based European studies (FINRISK, DanMONICA, Moli-sani Northern Sweden) of the BiomarCaRE consortium (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe), we examined AF incidence, its association with mortality, common risk factors, biomarkers, and prevalent...... cardiovascular disease, and their attributable risk by sex. Median follow-up time was 12.6 (to a maximum of 28.2) years. RESULTS: Fewer AF cases were observed in women (N=1796; 4.4%), than in men (N=2465; 6.4%). Cardiovascular risk factor distribution and lipid profile at baseline were less beneficial in men...

Cuestionario Interpersonal de Poder y Prestigio Parental (3PQ: dimensionalidad y propiedades psicométricas en niños españoles

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Miguel Á. Carrasco

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El poder y el prestigio son dos constructos ampliamente estudiados en la psicología social y en la sociología. No obstante, estos aspectos están siendo utilizados también en el contexto específico de las relaciones familiares, donde se han mostrado útiles en la explicación de la relación existente entre la aceptación parental y el ajuste psicológico de los hijos. El cuestionario de poder y prestigio parental (3PQ, diseñado por Rohner (2011, es un instrumento de reciente creación orientado a evaluar ambos constructos en el contexto familiar de niños y adolescentes, y que ha sido utilizado en diferentes países. El presente estudio se dirige a analizar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario 3PQ en una muestra española formada por 469 niños y adolescentes (45% varones; 55% mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y los 16 años (media 13.11 años y desviación típica 2.5. Los resultados replican la estructura original de dos factores del modelo original (poder y prestigio y también una -estructura de segundo orden que hace referencia a un factor único (prestigio-poder. Las evidencias de fiabilidad y validez del 3PQ obtenidas en la población española son coherentes con las esperadas desde el modelo original. Asimismo, el análisis por sexo no reveló diferencias significativas ni en la escala total ni en sus dimensiones.

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios chilenos

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Chiang-Salgado María Teresa

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en universitarios asintomáticos de ambos sexos, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La muestra quedó integrada por 1 301 estudiantes. En una submuestra de 293 sujetos se midieron lípidos séricos, con un analizador químico Hitachi 717. La obesidad se estimó considerando el índice de masa corporal (IMC; el antecedente familiar de infarto, así como el consumo de cigarrillos y el nivel de actividad física se determinaron mediante un cuestionario de autoevaluación. Se construyeron tablas de contingencia para estudiar asociaciones entre factores de riesgo lipídicos y no lipídicos, usando la prueba ji² de Pearson. Se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple para determinar la relación de cada una de las variables lipídicas (colesterol total, colesterol-lipoproteína de baja densidad, colesterol-lipoproteína de alta densidad y triglicéridos, así como de las no lipídicas (edad, peso, estatura, IMC, sexo, presión arterial, conducta sedentaria y antecedente familiar de infarto precoz. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron niveles de riesgo lipídico en 29.2% de los casos para colesterol total, en 16.2% para lipoproteína de baja densidad y en 5% para lipoproteína de alta densidad. Entre los factores de riesgo no lipídicos más prevalentes, estaban el consumo de cigarrillos, con 46.1%, y el sedentarismo, que alcanzó 60.8%. La obesidad, la hipertensión arterial y el antecedente familiar alcanzaron 1.9, 4.6 y 11%, respectivamente. Se observó una asociación entre el perfil lipídico de riesgo, la obesidad, la conducta fumadora y el antecedente familiar. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de sedentarismo y conducta fumadora, asociada a un perfil lipídico de riesgo. Se deduce la necesidad imperiosa de diseñar programas de intervención con el fin de modificar el estilo de vida y prevenir la posible presencia de enfermedades

Cardiovascular radiology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

VanAman, M.; Mueller, C.F.

1985-01-01

Soon after Roentgen documented the uses of x-rays in 1895, fluoroscopic and film evaluation of the heart began. Even today the chest roentgenogram remains one of the first and most frequently used studies for the evaluation of the normal and abnormal heart and great vessels. This chapter gives an overview of plain film evaluation of the cardiovascular system and follow up with comments on the newer imaging modalities of computed tomography, and digital subtraction angiography, in the cardiovascular disease workup. The authors present an evaluation of plain films of the chest, which remains their most cost effective, available, simple, and reliable initial screening tool in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease

Physiological Changes to the Cardiovascular System at High Altitude and Its Effects on Cardiovascular Disease.

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Riley, Callum James; Gavin, Matthew

2017-06-01

Riley, Callum James, and Matthew Gavin. Physiological changes to the cardiovascular system at high altitude and its effects on cardiovascular disease. High Alt Med Biol. 18:102-113, 2017.-The physiological changes to the cardiovascular system in response to the high altitude environment are well understood. More recently, we have begun to understand how these changes may affect and cause detriment to cardiovascular disease. In addition to this, the increasing availability of altitude simulation has dramatically improved our understanding of the physiology of high altitude. This has allowed further study on the effect of altitude in those with cardiovascular disease in a safe and controlled environment as well as in healthy individuals. Using a thorough PubMed search, this review aims to integrate recent advances in cardiovascular physiology at altitude with previous understanding, as well as its potential implications on cardiovascular disease. Altogether, it was found that the changes at altitude to cardiovascular physiology are profound enough to have a noteworthy effect on many forms of cardiovascular disease. While often asymptomatic, there is some risk in high altitude exposure for individuals with certain cardiovascular diseases. Although controlled research in patients with cardiovascular disease was largely lacking, meaning firm conclusions cannot be drawn, these risks should be a consideration to both the individual and their physician.

Validez y reproducibilidad de un cuestionario de actividad e inactividad física para escolares de la ciudad de México Validity and reproducibility of a physical activity and inactivity questionnaire for Mexico City's schoolchildren

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Bernardo Hernández

2000-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar la validez y reproducibilidad de un cuestionario autoaplicado de actividad e inactividad física en escolares de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló un cuestionario autoaplicado sobre la actividad e inactividad física que se aplicó dos veces a una muestra de 114 estudiantes, de 10 a 14 años de edad, en una población de bajos y medianos ingresos de la ciudad de México, entre mayo y diciembre de 1996. Las madres de los estudiantes llenaron el mismo cuestionario, mientras que aquéllos completaron dos recordatorios de actividad física de 24 horas, que se usaron como criterio de comparación. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión y se estimó correlación de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Las correlaciones entre las horas al día dedicadas a la actividad e inactividad física del cuestionario de los estudiantes y las de los recordatorios de 24 horas ajustadas por edad, sexo, zona de residencia y enfermedad anterior a la administración del cuestionario fueron de 0.03 para la actividad moderada, de 0.15 para la actividad vigorosa y de 0.51 (p=0.001 para el tiempo dedicado a ver televisión. Al comparar con los recordatorios de 24 horas, el cuestionario sobrestimó el tiempo de ver televisión, leer o participar en actividades vigorosas, y subestimó el tiempo de actividad moderada. Se observaron coeficientes de reproducibilidad en seis meses aceptables para el tiempo de ver televisión (r=0.53, dormir (r=0.40, actividad moderada (r=0.38 y actividad vigorosa (r=0.55 (pOBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reproducibility of a self-reported questionnaire on physical activity and inactivity, developed for children aged 10-14 in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between May and December 1996, a self-reported physical activity and inactivity questionnaire was developed and applied twice to a sample of 114 students aged 10 to 14, from a low and middle income population of Mexico

Validación del cuestionario de optimismo disposicional usando la teoría de respuesta al ítem

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Marcela Velasco Salamanca

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tenía por objetivo establecer las condiciones psicométricas de validez y confiabilidad del Cuestionario de Optimismo Disposicional, se aplicó a una muestra incidental de 608 personas (16 a 60 años, nivel educativo diverso, de ambos géneros y residentes en Bogotá. La validación de contenido se hizo con metodología ANGOFF, la validación concurrente con el Test de orientación vital LOT y el análisis de confiabilidad con el modelo de Rasch. Se concluye que la prueba cuenta con una confiabilidad adecuada, está ajustada y cumple criterios de calidad psicométrica, teniendo en cuenta que aunque el Alpha de Cronbach no es tan elevado, el nivel de separación reportado desde el modelo de Rasch es el esperado, un nivel de ajuste apropiado.

Diseño y validación del cuestionario de percepción de los estudiantes universitarios-deportistas de alto nivel sobre la carrera dual (ESTPORT

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Antonio Sánchez-Pato

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la presente investigación fue diseñar y validar un instrumento de evaluación para conocer la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios-deportistas de alto nivel sobre la carrera dual. En la creación inicial del instrumento se definió el constructo y se establecie- ron tres dimensiones: carrera académica, carrera depor- tiva y tutor deportivo. En la validez de contenido, tras un proceso de traducción inversa, los expertos ( n = 8 valoraron positivamente el constructo, las dimensiones y las preguntas cuestionario. Los resultados estadísticos de los ítems mostraron la adecuada validez de compren- sión de los participantes ( n = 30. En la validez de cons- tructo ( n = 73, las propiedades psicométricas mostraron la adecuada calidad psicométrica, consistencia interna, fiabilidad y bondad de ajuste. El instrumento también contó con evidencias externas de validez, dado que los resultados fueron en la línea de lo que demuestra la li- teratura. Por ello, este trabajo ofrece un cuestionario válido y fiable de 84 preguntas (en español y en inglés que permite medir la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios-deportistas de alto nivel sobre la carrera dual.

Association of diastolic blood pressure with cardiovascular events in older people varies upon cardiovascular history

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Wijsman, Liselotte W.; Muller, Majon; de Craen, Anton J .M.

2018-01-01

with those with normal DBP. After further adjusting for cardiovascular factors, this association attenuated to 1.05 (0.86; 1.28). A previous history of cardiovascular disease significantly modified the relation between DBP and risk of cardiovascular events (P-interaction 0.042). In participants without......BACKGROUND: In older age, a low DBP has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, especially in frail older people. We tested the hypothesis that low DBP is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events in people with a previous history of cardiovascular disease......-90 mmHg) or high (>90 mmHg). Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to estimate hazard ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CI); analyses were stratified for cardiovascular history. RESULTS: Participants with low DBP had a 1.24-fold (1.04; 1.49) increased risk of cardiovascular events compared...

Association between social isolation and inflammatory markers in depressed and non-depressed individuals: results from the MONICA/KORA study.

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Häfner, S; Emeny, R T; Lacruz, M E; Baumert, J; Herder, C; Koenig, W; Thorand, B; Ladwig, K H

2011-11-01

Depressed individuals not only suffer from chronic low grade inflammation, but also exhibit an inflammatory hyper-responsiveness to acute stress. We investigate whether chronic stress also induces an exaggerated inflammatory response in individuals with increased depression features. As model for chronic stress, social isolation was chosen. Interleukin (IL)-6 and hs-CRP levels were assessed in 1547 subjects (847 men and 700 women), derived from the population-based MONICA/KORA study. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess depressed mood (depression and exhaustion subscale) and social isolation (social network index). The relationship between the two inflammatory markers, social isolation and depressed mood was examined taking into account interactions social isolation × depressed mood using multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity. Analyses were performed in men and women separately. We observed a significant interaction between depressed mood and social isolation regarding IL-6 and hs-CRP, respectively in men (p-value=0.02 for IL-6 and social isolation, and depressed mood on inflammatory responses. Furthermore, depressed and socially isolated men had highly significantly elevated IL-6 levels (geometric mean: 3.76 vs. 1.92 pg/ml, p-value socially integrated men. In women, no significant associations were seen. The interaction of depressed mood and social isolation elicits a substantial synergistic impact on inflammatory markers in men, but not in depressed women. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mortality of mothers from cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes following pregnancy complications in first delivery

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Lykke, Jacob Alexander; Langhoff-Roos, Jens; Lockwood, Charles J

2010-01-01

The combined effects of preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age offspring, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placental abruption and stillbirth on early maternal death from cardiovascular causes have not previously been described in a large cohort. We investigated the effects of pregnancy...... cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes following preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age offspring and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We found that preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age were both associated with subsequent death of mothers from cardiovascular and non......-cardiovascular causes. Severe pre-eclampsia was associated with death from cardiovascular causes only. There was a less than additive effect on cardiovascular mortality hazard ratios with increasing number of pregnancy complications: preterm delivery 1.90 [95% confidence intervals 1.49, 2.43]; preterm delivery...

Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease

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Nordestgaard, Børge G; Varbo, Anette

2014-01-01

cholesterol might not cause cardiovascular disease as originally thought has now generated renewed interest in raised concentrations of triglycerides. This renewed interest has also been driven by epidemiological and genetic evidence supporting raised triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, or triglyceride......-rich lipoproteins as an additional cause of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Triglycerides can be measured in the non-fasting or fasting states, with concentrations of 2-10 mmol/L conferring increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and concentrations greater than 10 mmol/L conferring increased risk...... of acute pancreatitis and possibly cardiovascular disease. Although randomised trials showing cardiovascular benefit of triglyceride reduction are scarce, new triglyceride-lowering drugs are being developed, and large-scale trials have been initiated that will hopefully provide conclusive evidence...

Suspeita de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono definida pelo Questionário de Berlim prediz eventos em pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda Sospecha de apnea obstructiva del sueño definida por el cuestionario de Berlín predice eventos en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo Suspicion of Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Berlin Questionnaire predicts events in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

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Eryca Vanessa S. de Jesus

2010-09-01

extras a la homeostasis cardiovascular en la presencia del síndrome coronario aguda (SCA OBJETIVO: Investigar si un diagnóstico clínico estandarizado de SAOS, en pacientes con SCA, predice el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares durante la hospitalización. MÉTODOS: En un estudio de cohorte prospectivo, un grupo de 200 pacientes con diagnóstico de SCA elecido entre Septiembre de 2005 y Noviembre de 2007, fueron estratificados por el Cuestionario de Berlín (CB para el riesgo de SAOS (alto o bajo riesgo. Se probó si el subgrupo de alto riesgo para SAOS presenta mayor tendencia a eventos cardiovasculares. El endpoint primario evaluado fue un desenlace conformado por muerte cardiovascular, eventos cardíacos isquémicos recurrentes, edema pulmonar agudo y accidente vascular cerebral durante la hospitalización. RESULTADOS: Noventa y cuatro (47% de los pacientes identificados por el CB presentaban sospecha de SAOS. Alto riesgo para SAOS estaba asociado con una mortalidad más elevada, aunque sin diferencia estadística (4,25% vs 0,94%; p=0,189, pero con una estadísticamente significativa mayor incidencia de desenlace conformada por eventos cardiovasculares (18,08% vs 6,6%; p=0,016. En el modelo de regresión logística, los predictores multivariados de desenlace conformado por eventos cardiovasculares fueron edad (OR= 1,048; IC95%: 1,008 a 1,090; p=0,019, fracción de eyección del VI (OR= 0,954; IC95%: 0,920 a 0,989; p=0,010, y riesgo más elevado de SAOS (OR= 3,657; IC95%: 1,216 a 10,996; p=0,021. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de un cuestionario sencillo y validado (CB para identificar a pacientes con riesgo más elevado de SAOS puede ayudar a prever el desenlace cardiovascular durante la hospitalización. Además de ello, nuestros datos sugieren que SAOS es mucho común en pacientes con SCA.BACKGROUND: From a mechanistic standpoint, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA may further disturb cardiovascular homeostasis in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS. OBJECTIVE: We sought

Cause-Specific Mortality According to Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio in the General Population

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Skaaby, Tea; Husemoen, Lise Lotte Nystrup; Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND: Urine albumin creatinine ratio, UACR, is positively associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and diabetes in observational studies. Whether a high UACR is also associated with other causes of death is unclear. We investigated the association between UACR and cause......-specific mortality. METHODS: We included a total of 9,125 individuals from two population-based studies, Monica10 and Inter99, conducted in 1993-94 and 1999-2001, respectively. Urine albumin creatinine ratio was measured from spot urine samples by standard methods. Information on causes of death was obtained from...

Understanding cardiovascular disease

Science.gov (United States)

... page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000759.htm Understanding cardiovascular disease To use the sharing features on this page, ... lead to heart attack or stroke. Types of Cardiovascular Disease Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common ...

Adherencia terapéutica en usuarios de un programa de salud cardiovascular de atención primaria en Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lizet Veliz-Rojas

Full Text Available Objetivos. Analizar la adherencia terapéutica en usuarios de un programa de salud cardiovascular de atención primaria de la comuna de San Pedro de la Paz en la región del Bío Bío, Chile. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de transversal y correlacional, con una muestra de 257 personas de 18 a 60 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario que incluía la escala de conductas en salud de Miller para medir adherencia terapéutica, y la revisión de la ficha clínica. Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo univariante y bivariado apoyado en SPSS. Resultados. Del total de participantes 157 (61,1% fueron mujeres. La Escala de conductas en salud reflejó la no adherencia de los participantes, ya que solo 4 (1,5% personas indicaron que siempre seguían las indicaciones entregadas por el equipo de salud. La subescala seguimiento en el manejo del estrés tuvo la media más alta, lo que indica que en este aspecto existió una mayor adherencia en los participantes. Se encontraron asociaciones entre la adherencia terapéutica con la realización de un trabajo remunerado (p=0,025 y con la participación de actividades sociales (p=0,005.Conclusiones. La adherencia terapéutica en los usuarios del programa de salud cardiovascular fue baja. Es importante desarrollar estrategias que favorezcan la adherencia terapéutica desde la perspectiva de equidad y de los determinantes sociales de la salud.

Medición de los niveles de actividad física en personas con discapacidad física mediante acelerometría y cuestionario

OpenAIRE

Pérez Tejero, Javier; García Hernández, Juan José; Coteron Lopez, Francisco Javier; Benito Peinado, Pedro José; Sampedro Molinuevo, Javier

2012-01-01

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el nivel de actividad física registrada y el percibido en población con discapacidad física mediante acelerometría y cuestionario, así como estudiar las diferencias evaluadas con ambos instrumentos según nivel de actividad física personal y otras variables como el género o uso de la silla de ruedas. Metodología: La muestra la componen 37 sujetos con discapacidad física (28 hombres y 9 mujeres), con una edad media de 38 ±10,9 años. Se dividió a ...

Estilo de vida e saúde cardiovascular em adolescentes de escolas do município de São Paulo Estilo de vida y salud cardiovascular en adolescentes de escuelas del municipio de São Paulo Lifestyle and cardiovascular health in school adolescents from São Paulo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Inês Lancarotte

2010-07-01

: Identificar en adolescentes, la prevalencia de sobrepeso y del estilo de vida asociado a riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, además de los factores que los influyen. MÉTODOS: Fue realizado un estudio observacional de datos individuales, transversal, con adolescentes matriculados en escuelas públicas y privadas del municipio de São Paulo, englobando los grados de 5ª a 8ª de la enseñanza fundamental; las informaciones fueron obtenidas a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario anónimo y de la realización de medidas de peso y altura. RESULTADOS: Fueron analizados 2.125 adolescentes, con edad media de 12,9 años. Del total estudiado: de 14,4% a 32,1% no practicaron deporte o competición; de 56,0% a 73,6% se quedaron más de dos horas frente a la TV, videogame o computadora; aproximadamente 80% consumieron frutas y legumbres de forma considerada inadecuada; de 34,9% a 45,3% relataron consumo aumentado de sal; y de 60,9% a 74,4% consumo de bebidas gaseosas. La prevalencia de sobrepeso varió de 18,7% a 41,6%. CONCLUSIÓN: Es alta la prevalencia en adolescentes escolares de factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en el adulto. Otros estudios son necesarios para comprender mejor como esos factores de riesgo se correlacionan y, así, posibilitar la implementación de medidas preventivas, en la fase de la adolescencia, con vistas a la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares do adulto.BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is evidence demonstrating the association of this disease with cardiovascular risk factors related to lifestyle, incorporated in adolescence. OBJECTIVE: To identify, in adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and lifestyle factors associated with risk for developing cardiovascular diseases, and the factors that influence them. METHODS: It was conducted an observational study of individual cross-sectional data with adolescents enrolled in

Slow breathing and cardiovascular disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashish Chaddha

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women worldwide. Much emphasis has been placed on the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. While depression and anxiety increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease also increases the risk of developing anxiety and depression. Thus, promoting optimal mental health may be important for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Like lowering blood pressure, lipids, and body weight, lowering anger and hostility and improving depression and anxiety may also be an important intervention in preventive cardiology. As we strive to further improve cardiovascular outcomes, the next bridge to cross may be one of offering patients nonpharmacologic means for combating daily mental stress and promoting mental health, such as yoga and pranayama. Indeed, the best preventive cardiovascular medicine may be a blend of both Western and Eastern medicine.

Molecular cardiovascular imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schaefers, M.

2007-01-01

Although huge and long-lasting research efforts have been spent on the development of new diagnostic techniques investigating cardiovascular diseases, still fundamental challenges exist; the main challenge being the diagnosis of a suspected or known coronary artery disease or its consequences (myocardial infarction, heart failure etc.). Beside morphological techniques, functional imaging modalities are available in clinical diagnostic algorithms, whereas molecular cardiovascular imaging techniques are still under development. This review summarizes clinical-diagnostical challenges of modern cardiovascular medicine as well as the potential of new molecular imaging techniques to face these. (orig.)

Caffeine and cardiovascular health.

Science.gov (United States)

Turnbull, Duncan; Rodricks, Joseph V; Mariano, Gregory F; Chowdhury, Farah

2017-10-01

This report evaluates the scientific literature on caffeine with respect to potential cardiovascular outcomes, specifically relative risks of total cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), effects on arrhythmia, heart failure, sudden cardiac arrest, stroke, blood pressure, hypertension, and other biomarkers of effect, including heart rate, cerebral blood flow, cardiac output, plasma homocysteine levels, serum cholesterol levels, electrocardiogram (EKG) parameters, heart rate variability, endothelial/platelet function and plasma/urine catecholamine levels. Caffeine intake has been associated with a range of reversible and transient physiological effects broadly and cardiovascular effects specifically. This report attempts to understand where the delineations exist in caffeine intake and corresponding cardiovascular effects among various subpopulations. The available literature suggests that cardiovascular effects experienced by caffeine consumers at levels up to 600 mg/day are in most cases mild, transient, and reversible, with no lasting adverse effect. The point at which caffeine intake may cause harm to the cardiovascular system is not readily identifiable in part because data on the effects of daily intakes greater than 600 mg is limited. However, the evidence considered within this review suggests that typical moderate caffeine intake is not associated with increased risks of total cardiovascular disease; arrhythmia; heart failure; blood pressure changes among regular coffee drinkers; or hypertension in baseline populations. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention].

Science.gov (United States)

Gabus, Vincent; Wuerzner, Grégoire; Saubade, Mathieu; Favre, Lucie; Jacot Sadowski, Isabelle; Nanchen, David

2018-02-28

Atherosclerosis is a disease which develops very gradually over decades. Under the influence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol level, smoking or lifestyle, clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis manifest more or less early in life. When cardiovascular risk factors accumulate, the risk of having a cardiovascular event increases and the benefits of prevention measures are greater. This article summarizes existing strategies for controlling modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in primary prevention. The physician can rely on an interprofessional network of cardiovascular prevention. Managing risk factors while respecting the autonomy and priorities of the patient will bring the greatest benefit.

Características psicométricas del Cuestionario Básico de Depresión en una muestra de adolescentes

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Wenceslao Peñate

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan datos sobre la validación del Cuestionario Básico de Depresión (CBD en una muestra de adolescentes. El CBD es un inventario de 21 ítems que evalúa las áreas más representativas de la depresión, y que ha demostrado buenas propiedades psicométricas con muestras de adultos. El CBD fue administrado a 392 adolescentes (retest n = 60, conjuntamente con el CDI y el STAIC. Los resultados favorecieron una solución unifactorial, con una buena consistencia interna y una elevada estabilidad temporal. La validez convergente con depresión fue elevada, pero también lo fue con ansiedad. El CBD muestra una mayor capacidad para detectar 'posibles casos' de depresión que 'posibles no casos'. Estos resultados se discuten en relación con la necesidad de corroborarlos con muestras clínicas.

Acute Cardiovascular Care Association Position Paper on Intensive Cardiovascular Care Units

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bonnefoy-Cudraz, Eric; Bueno, Hector; Casella, Gianni

2018-01-01

, the recommended management structure, the optimal number of staff, the need for specially trained cardiologists and cardiovascular nurses, the desired equipment and architecture, and the interaction with other departments in the hospital and other intensive cardiovascular care units in the region...

Mortality of mothers from cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes following pregnancy complications in first delivery.

Science.gov (United States)

Lykke, Jacob A; Langhoff-Roos, Jens; Lockwood, Charles J; Triche, Elizabeth W; Paidas, Michael J

2010-07-01

The combined effects of preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age offspring, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placental abruption and stillbirth on early maternal death from cardiovascular causes have not previously been described in a large cohort. We investigated the effects of pregnancy complications on early maternal death in a registry-based retrospective cohort study of 782 287 women with a first singleton delivery in Denmark 1978-2007, followed for a median of 14.8 years (range 0.25-30.2) accruing 11.6 million person-years. We employed Cox proportional hazard models of early death from cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes following preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age offspring and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We found that preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age were both associated with subsequent death of mothers from cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes. Severe pre-eclampsia was associated with death from cardiovascular causes only. There was a less than additive effect on cardiovascular mortality hazard ratios with increasing number of pregnancy complications: preterm delivery 1.90 [95% confidence intervals 1.49, 2.43]; preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age offspring 3.30 [2.25, 4.84]; preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age offspring and pre-eclampsia 3.85 [2.07, 7.19]. Thus, we conclude that, separately and combined, preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age are strong markers of early maternal death from both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes, while hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are markers of early death of mothers from cardiovascular causes.

Confiabilidad de un cuestionario para medir la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios en niños desde preescolar hasta cuarto grado de primaria

OpenAIRE

Camargo, Diana Marina; Santisteban, Stefany; Paredes, Erika; Flórez, Mary Ann; Bueno, Diego

2015-01-01

Introducción. Las recomendaciones internacionales sobre actividad física y tiempo dedicado a comportamientos sedentarios en niños a partir de la edad preescolar, plantean la necesidad de disponer de instrumentos de medición con propiedades psicométricas que permitan evaluar la dinámica a nivel de la población y las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar su salud. Objetivo. Evaluar la confiabilidad de un cuestionario para medir la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios en niños desde p...

Confiabilidad de un cuestionario para medir la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios en niños desde preescolar hasta cuarto grado de primaria

OpenAIRE

Diana Marina Camargo; Stefany Santisteban; Erika Paredes; Mary Ann Flórez; Diego Alejandro Bueno

2015-01-01

Introducción. Las recomendaciones internacionales sobre actividad física y tiempo dedicado a comportamientos sedentarios en niños a partir de la edad preescolar, plantean la necesidad de disponer de instrumentos de medición con propiedades psicométricas que permitan evaluar la dinámica a nivel de la población y las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar su salud. Objetivo. Evaluar la confiabilidad de un cuestionario para medir la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios en niños desd...

Propiedades Psicométricas del Cuestionario de Insatisfacción con la Imagen Corporal en estudiantes de Educación de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo

OpenAIRE

Hueda Capristan, Ana Cecilia

2016-01-01

Se determinó Propiedades Psicométricas en el Cuestionario de Insatisfacción con la Imagen Corporal (IMAGEN) y el análisis descriptivo en alumnos de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. La muestra (n=576) no probabilística aleatoria de una población (N=1272) y el diseño Psicométrico. Se aplicó IMAGEN analizando las propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados, evidencian que IMAGEN presenta validez de contenido por criterio de jueces, alcanzando relevancia, claridad y coherencia. Validez de const...

Validez de constructo y consistencia interna de tres estructuras factoriales y dos sistemas de puntuación del cuestionario de salud general de 12 ítems

OpenAIRE

Miguel Simancas-Pallares; Katherine Margarita Arrieta; Luisa Leonor Arévalo

2017-01-01

Introducción. El análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento reviste importancia para el control de sesgos en la medición. Objetivo. Comparar la validez de constructo y la consistencia interna de tres estructuras factoriales del cuestionario de salud general de 12 ítems. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de validación en una muestra anidada de 483 estudiantes de odontología de Cartagena, Colombia. Además de las preguntas del instrumento, se hicieron otras sobre as...

Trace Elements in Cardiovascular Diseases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masironi, R. [Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland)

1970-07-01

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Their incidence increases, apparently, as a, function of technological progress so that in the future they may become a major public health problem in developing countries too. Early diagnosis and prevention are the tools best suited to curb such an alarming trend, but our knowledge of these topics is unsatisfactory, Valuable information would be obtained through a systematic investigation of trace elements in relation to cardiovascular function and to various types of cardiovascular diseases. Such studies would provide clues to the following questions: 1. Why does the incidence and type of cardiovascular disease differ from one country to another? May this be related to differences in tissue mineral concentrations among various population groups? 2. Which trace elements if any are beneficial to cardiovascular health, and which are harmful ones that may act as aetiological agents for some cardiovascular diseases? 3. Is it possible to utilize measurements of mineral element concentration for diagnostic purposes in cardiovascular disease? (author)

Asian & Pacific Islanders and Cardiovascular Diseases

Science.gov (United States)

... Fact Sheet 2016 Update Asian & Pacific Islanders and Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) (ICD 10 codes I00-I99, Q20- ... of na- tive Hawaiians or oth- A indicates cardiovascular disease plus congenital cardiovascular disease (ICD-10 I00- ...

Validación del Cuestionario de Creencias Centrales de los Trastornos de la Personalidad (CCE-TP en población colombiana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nora Helena Londoño A.

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Se construyó un cuestionario para evaluar creencias centrales asociadas con los trastornos de la personalidad, fundamentadas en el Modelo de la Terapia Cognitiva. Se realizó el análisis estructural y la validez de contenido de la prueba en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La muestra fue representativa y elegida al azar a través de un procedimiento polietápico. Un número de 809 estudiantes universitarios contestaron el cuestionario de creencias centrales de los trastornos de la personalidad (CCE-TP. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio de la prueba, reagrupándose los ítems en 14 factores (F que representan el 61,3% de la varianza. F1: CCE-TP antisocial (8 ítems, a 0,839; F2: CCE-TP esquizotípico/límite (8 ítems, a 0,846; F3: CCE-TP histriónico/patrón seductor (6 ítems, a 0,833; F4: CCE-TP paranoide (6 ítems, a 0,836; F5: CCE-TP por evitación / autopercepción negativa (5 ítems, a 0,755; F6: CCE-TP por dependencia (5 ítems, a 0,797; F7: CCE-TP histriónico/ dependencia emocional (4 ítems, a 0,755; F8: CCETP obsesivo-compulsivo/perfeccionista (4 ítems, a 0,808; F9: CCE-TP por evitación/hipersensible (4 ítems, a 0,766; F10: CCE-TP obsesivo-compulsivo/ crítico frente a los demás (3 ítems, a 0,851; F11: CCE-TP narcisista (4 ítems, a 0,717; F12: CCE-TP pasivo-agresivo / temor a ser dominado (3 ítems, a 0,719; F13: CCE-TP pasivo-agresivo/crítico frente a la autoridad (3 ítems, a 0,685, y F14: CCE-TP esquizoide (2 ítems, a 0,774. El alfa de Cronbach de la prueba fue de 0,931.

Validación del Cuestionario de Creencias Centrales de los Trastornos de la Personalidad (CCE-TP en población colombiana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Castrillón M.

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Se construyó un cuestionario para evaluar creencias centrales asociadas con los trastornos de la personalidad, fundamentadas en el Modelo de la Terapia Cognitiva. Se realizó el análisis estructural y la validez de contenido de la prueba en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La muestra fue representativa y elegida al azar a través de un procedimiento polietápico. Un número de 809 estudiantes universitarios contestaron el cuestionario de creencias centrales de los trastornos de la personalidad (CCE-TP. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio de la prueba, reagrupándose los ítems en 14 factores (F que representan el 61,3% de la varianza. F1: CCE-TP antisocial (8 ítems, a 0,839; F2: CCE-TP esquizotípico/límite (8 ítems, a 0,846; F3: CCE-TP histriónico/patrón seductor (6 ítems, a 0,833; F4: CCE-TP paranoide (6 ítems, a 0,836; F5: CCE-TP por evitación / autopercepción negativa (5 ítems, a 0,755; F6: CCE-TP por dependencia (5 ítems, a 0,797; F7: CCE-TP histriónico/dependencia emocional (4 ítems, a 0,755; F8: CCETP obsesivo-compulsivo/perfeccionista (4 ítems, a 0,808; F9: CCE-TP por evitación/hipersensible (4 ítems, a 0,766; F10: CCE-TP obsesivo-compulsivo/ crítico frente a los demás (3 ítems, a 0,851; F11: CCE-TP narcisista (4 ítems, a 0,717; F12: CCE-TP pasivo-agresivo / temor a ser dominado (3 ítems, a 0,719; F13: CCE-TP pasivo-agresivo/crítico frente a la autoridad (3 ítems, a 0,685, y F14: CCE-TP esquizoide (2 ítems, a 0,774. El alfa de Cronbach de la prueba fue de 0,931.

Evaluación de la satisfacción con el tratamiento en pacientes que consumen fármacos antidepresivos. Validación del cuestionario "ESTA".

OpenAIRE

López Gallardo, Yolanda

2016-01-01

La medición de la satisfacción con el tratamiento se ha mostrado útil para conocer las características de los tratamientos que son más importantes para los pacientes y para explicar un aumento en la adhesión con el tratamiento. Todavía existen pocos estudios que relacionen la satisfacción con otros indicadores clínicos o de salud percibida. En el presente estudio se ha desarrollado y validado un nuevo instrumento, el cuestionario ESTA, con el objeto de medir la satisfacción con el tratami...

Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para medir la satisfacción del tratamiento de fisioterapia en atención primaria

OpenAIRE

Escatllar González, Marta

2017-01-01

Introducción: Analizar la satisfacción de los pacientes con un instrumento de medición, permite conocer la percepción y los resultados de una intervención sanitaria, considerada como un requisito indispensable de los programas de evaluación y mejora de la calidad. Hipótesis: Las pruebas psicométricas de la medición del nuevo cuestionario traducido al español, demostrarán que es un instrumento fiable y válido para medir la satisfacción de los pacientes que reciben tratamiento de fisioterap...

Consequências cardiovasculares na SAOS Cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geraldo Lorenzi Filho

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Uma condição clínica muito comum é SAOS, que está associada a várias doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo hipertensão arterial sistêmica, fibrilação atrial e aterosclerose. A associação entre SAOS e doença cardiovascular não é somente uma consequência da sobreposição de fatores de risco, incluindo obesidade, sedentarismo, ser do sexo masculino e ter idade maior. Existem evidências crescentes de que SAOS contribui de forma independente para o aparecimento e a progressão de várias doenças cardiovasculares. Os mecanismos pelos quais SAOS pode afetar o sistema cardiovascular são múltiplos e incluem a ativação do sistema nervoso simpático, inflamação sistêmica, resistência a insulina e geração de estresse oxidativo. Existem evidências que o tratamento de SAOS com CPAP pode reduzir a pressão arterial, sinais precoces de aterosclerose, risco de recorrência de fibrilação atrial e mortalidade, principalmente por acidente vascular cerebral e infarto agudo do miocárdio, em pacientes com SAOS grave.Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS is a common condition associated with various cardiovascular diseases, including systemic arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and atherosclerosis. The association between OSAS and cardiovascular disease has been related to the overlapping of risk factors, including obesity, having a sedentary lifestyle, being male, and being older. However, there is mounting evidence that OSAS can also independently contribute to the development and progression of various cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which OSAS can affect the cardiovascular system are multiple, including the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. There is also evidence that the treatment of OSAS with CPAP can reduce arterial blood pressure, early signs of atherosclerosis, the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence, and mortality (principally

14 CFR 67.111 - Cardiovascular.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cardiovascular. 67.111 Section 67.111 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN MEDICAL STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION First-Class Airman Medical Certificate § 67.111 Cardiovascular. Cardiovascular...

14 CFR 67.311 - Cardiovascular.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cardiovascular. 67.311 Section 67.311 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN MEDICAL STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION Third-Class Airman Medical Certificate § 67.311 Cardiovascular. Cardiovascular...

14 CFR 67.211 - Cardiovascular.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cardiovascular. 67.211 Section 67.211 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN MEDICAL STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION Second-Class Airman Medical Certificate § 67.211 Cardiovascular. Cardiovascular...

Prevalencia del consumo de medicamentos en la población adulta de Cataluña Prevalence of drug utilization in the adult population of Catalonia, Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Sans

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de la utilización de medicamentos según factores sociodemográficos y estado de salud autopercibido en la población adulta. Métodos: Examen de salud transversal del estudio CRONICAT/MONICA-Cataluña realizado en 1994-1996 en una muestra aleatoria de la población general de 25 a 64 años. Se interrogó a 3.421 participantes (tasa de respuesta del 72% con cuestionario abierto sobre los medicamentos consumidos durante las dos semanas previas y otros hábitos de salud. Los medicamentos se codificaron posteriormente según la clasificación ATC (versión 1993. Resultados: Mayor proporción de mujeres (38% que de varones (26% autopercibió peor estado de salud (p Objectives: To describe the prevalence of drug utilization according to sociodemographic factors and self-perceived health in the adult population. Methods: Cross-sectional health survey of the CRONICAT/MONICA-Catalonia study carried out in 1994-96 in a random sample of the general population aged 25-64 years. A total of 3,421 participants (72% response rate were interviewed about drug consumption in the previous two weeks with an open questionnaire. The participants were also asked about other health habits. Drugs were subsequently classified according to the ATC classification (1993 version. Results: A higher proportion of women (38% than men (26% self-perceived poor health status (p < 0.001. Age-adjusted total drug utilization was 57% in men (95%CI: 55-59 and 76% in women (95%CI: 74-78. Excluding contraceptives, regular drug utilization was 35% in men (95%CI: 33-37 and 48% in women (95%CI: 46-51. Twenty-nine percent of men and 48% of women (p < 0.001 took more than one drug. Neither educational level nor marital status influenced drug utilization. Among men, drug consumption was higher in retired individuals and pensioners (68%; 95%CI: 62-74 than in active workers (54%; 95%CI: 52-57. The most frequently used drugs were those for the nervous system

Maintained intentional weight loss reduces cardiovascular outcomes: results from the Sibutramine Cardiovascular OUTcomes (SCOUT) trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Caterson, I D; Finer, N; Coutinho, W; Van Gaal, L F; Maggioni, A P; Torp-Pedersen, C; Sharma, A M; Legler, U F; Shepherd, G M; Rode, R A; Perdok, R J; Renz, C L; James, W P T

2012-06-01

The Sibutramine Cardiovascular OUTcomes trial showed that sibutramine produced greater mean weight loss than placebo but increased cardiovascular morbidity but not mortality. The relationship between 12-month weight loss and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes is explored. Overweight/obese subjects (N = 10 744), ≥55 years with cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus, received sibutramine plus weight management during a 6-week Lead-in Period before randomization to continue sibutramine (N = 4906) or to receive placebo (N = 4898). The primary endpoint was the time from randomization to first occurrence of a primary outcome event (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, resuscitated cardiac arrest or cardiovascular death). For the total population, mean weight change during Lead-in Period (sibutramine) was -2.54 kg. Post-randomization, mean total weight change to Month 12 was -4.18 kg (sibutramine) or -1.87 kg (placebo). Degree of weight loss during Lead-in Period or through Month 12 was associated with a progressive reduction in risk for the total population in primary outcome events and cardiovascular mortality over the 5-year assessment. Although more events occurred in the randomized sibutramine group, on an average, a modest weight loss of approximately 3 kg achieved in the Lead-in Period appeared to offset this increased event rate. Moderate weight loss (3-10 kg) reduced cardiovascular deaths in those with severe, moderate or mild cardiovascular disease. Modest weight loss over short-term (6 weeks) and longer-term (6-12 months) periods is associated with reduction in subsequent cardiovascular mortality for the following 4-5 years even in those with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. While the sibutramine group experienced more primary outcome events than the placebo group, greater weight loss reduced overall risk of these occurring in both groups. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Cardiovascular diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kodama, Kazunori

1992-01-01

This paper is aimed to discuss the involvement of delayed radiation effects of A-bomb exposure in cardiovascular diseases. First, the relationship between radiation and cardiovascular diseases is reviewed in the literature. Animal experiments have confirmed the relationship between ionizing radiation and vascular lesions. There are many reports which describe ischemic heart disease, cervical and cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral disease occurring after radiation therapy. The previous A-bomb survivor cohort studies, i.e., the RERF Life Span Study and Adult Health Study, have dealt with the mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence or incidence of cardiovascular diseases, pathological findings, clinical observation of arteriosclerosis, ECG abnormality, blood pressure abnormality, and cardiac function. The following findings have been suggested: (1) A-bomb exposure is likely to be involved in the mortality rate and incidence of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases; (2) similarly, the involvement of A-bomb exposure is considered in the prevalence of the arch of aorta; (3) ECG abnormality corresponding to ischemic heart disease may reflect the involvement of A-bomb exposure. To confirm the above findings, further studies are required on the basis of more accurate information and the appropriate number of cohort samples. Little evidence has been presented for the correlation between A-bomb exposure and both rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease. (N.K.) 88 refs

Nonfasting hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nordestgaard, B G; Langsted, A; Freiberg, J J

2009-01-01

, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 all associate with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. These new data open the possibility that nonfasting rather than fasting lipid profiles can be used for cardiovascular risk prediction. If implemented, this would...... of cardiovascular disease and early death....

Research in cardiovascular care

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jaarsma, Tiny; Deaton, Christi; Fitzsimmons, Donna

2014-01-01

with the increasing opportunities and challenges in multidisciplinary research, the Science Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professionals (CCNAP) recognised the need for a position statement to guide researchers, policymakers and funding bodies to contribute to the advancement...... of the body of knowledge that is needed to further improve cardiovascular care. In this paper, knowledge gaps in current research related to cardiovascular patient care are identified, upcoming challenges are explored and recommendations for future research are given....

Validación de un cuestionario de contexto para evaluar sistemas educativos con Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales. [Validation of a context questionnaire for the evaluation of educational systems with Structural Equations Modeling].

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González-Montesinos, Manuel-Jorge

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This work shows the use of Structural Equations Modeling (SEM methodology to validate the conceptual structure of context questionnaires employed in national and international studies that evaluate the educational achievement of students. Unfortunately, evaluation agencies do not assign the same amount of technical resources to context questionnaires as those allotted to achievement tests, consequently the former are rarely subject to validity studies. In order to show the use of SEM methodology, a questionnaire was selected, which was employed by the National Institute for the Evaluation of Education to investigate the background factors associated with educational achievement of elementary school students in the third grade. It was administered to a national representative sample of 55,312 students. This questionnaire is analyzed according to SEM procedures of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA. The obtained results provide evidence for the constructive validity of this tool. Este trabajo tiene el propósito de mostrar el uso de la metodología de Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM para validar la estructura conceptual de cuestionarios de contexto que se utilizan en los estudios nacionales e internacionales para evaluar el logro educativo de los escolares. Desgraciadamente, los organismos evaluadores no destinan los mismos recursos técnicos a los cuestionarios de contexto que a las pruebas de aprendizaje, por lo que rara vez los primeros son sujetos a estudios de validez. Para mostrar el uso de la metodología SEM, se seleccionó el cuestionario dirigido a alumnos que utilizó el Instituto Nacional para la Evaluación de la Educación (INEE para conocer los factores de contexto asociados el logro educativo de los estudiantes de tercero de primaria, el que se aplicó a una muestra representativa nacional de 55, 312 alumnos. A dicho instrumento se le aplican los supuestos y procedimientos del análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC y se

Erectile dysfunction in the cardiovascular patient.

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Vlachopoulos, Charalambos; Jackson, Graham; Stefanadis, Christodoulos; Montorsi, Piero

2013-07-01

Erectile dysfunction is common in the patient with cardiovascular disease. It is an important component of the quality of life and it also confers an independent risk for future cardiovascular events. The usual 3-year time period between the onset of erectile dysfunction symptoms and a cardiovascular event offers an opportunity for risk mitigation. Thus, sexual function should be incorporated into cardiovascular disease risk assessment for all men. A comprehensive approach to cardiovascular risk reduction (comprising of both lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment) improves overall vascular health, including sexual function. Proper sexual counselling improves the quality of life and increases adherence to medication. This review explores the critical connection between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease and evaluates how this relationship may influence clinical practice. Algorithms for the management of patient with erectile dysfunction according to the risk for sexual activity and future cardiovascular events are proposed.

Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes

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... Peripheral Artery Disease Venous Thromboembolism Aortic Aneurysm More Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes Updated:Jan 29,2018 The following ... clear that there is a strong correlation between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. At least 68 percent ...

Oral health and cardiovascular care: Perceptions of people with cardiovascular disease

Science.gov (United States)

Salamonson, Yenna; Ajwani, Shilpi; Bhole, Sameer; Bishop, Joshua; Lintern, Karen; Nolan, Samantha; Rajaratnam, Rohan; Redfern, Julie; Sheehan, Maria; Skarligos, Fiona; Spencer, Lissa; Srinivas, Ravi

2017-01-01

Main objective The aim of this study was to explore the perception of patients with cardiovascular disease towards oral health and the potential for cardiac care clinicians to promote oral health. Method A needs assessment was undertaken with twelve patients with cardiovascular disease attending cardiac rehabilitation between 2015 and 2016, in three metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia. These patients participated in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results Results suggested that while oral health was considered relevant there was high prevalence of poor oral health among participants, especially those from socioeconomic disadvantaged background. Awareness regarding the importance of oral health care its impact on cardiovascular outcomes was poor among participants. Oral health issues were rarely discussed in the cardiac setting. Main barriers deterring participants from seeking oral health care included lack of awareness, high cost of dental care and difficulties in accessing the public dental service. Findings also revealed that participants were interested in receiving further information about oral health and suggested various mediums for information delivery. The concept of cardiac care clinicians, especially nurses providing education, assessment and referrals to ongoing dental care was well received by participants who felt the post-acute period was the most appropriate time to receive oral health care advice. The issues of oral health training for non-dental clinicians and how to address existing barriers were highlighted by participants. Relevance to clinical practice The lack of oral health education being provided to patients with cardiovascular disease offers an opportunity to improve care and potentially, outcomes. In view of the evidence linking poor oral health with cardiovascular disease, cardiac care clinicians, especially nurses, should be appropriately trained to promote oral health in

Oral health and cardiovascular care: Perceptions of people with cardiovascular disease.

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Paula Sanchez

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to explore the perception of patients with cardiovascular disease towards oral health and the potential for cardiac care clinicians to promote oral health.A needs assessment was undertaken with twelve patients with cardiovascular disease attending cardiac rehabilitation between 2015 and 2016, in three metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia. These patients participated in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.Results suggested that while oral health was considered relevant there was high prevalence of poor oral health among participants, especially those from socioeconomic disadvantaged background. Awareness regarding the importance of oral health care its impact on cardiovascular outcomes was poor among participants. Oral health issues were rarely discussed in the cardiac setting. Main barriers deterring participants from seeking oral health care included lack of awareness, high cost of dental care and difficulties in accessing the public dental service. Findings also revealed that participants were interested in receiving further information about oral health and suggested various mediums for information delivery. The concept of cardiac care clinicians, especially nurses providing education, assessment and referrals to ongoing dental care was well received by participants who felt the post-acute period was the most appropriate time to receive oral health care advice. The issues of oral health training for non-dental clinicians and how to address existing barriers were highlighted by participants.The lack of oral health education being provided to patients with cardiovascular disease offers an opportunity to improve care and potentially, outcomes. In view of the evidence linking poor oral health with cardiovascular disease, cardiac care clinicians, especially nurses, should be appropriately trained to promote oral health in their practice. Affordable and accessible

Educational inequality in cardiovascular diseases

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Søndergaard, Grethe; Dalton, Susanne Oksbjerg; Mortensen, Laust Hvas

2018-01-01

AIMS: Educational inequality in diseases in the circulatory system (here termed cardiovascular disease) is well documented but may be confounded by early life factors. The aim of this observational study was to examine whether the associations between education and all cardiovascular diseases...... educational status was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease and stroke. All associations attenuated in the within-sibship analyses, in particular in the analyses on ischaemic heart disease before age 45 years. For instance, in the cohort analyses, the hazard rate...... factors shared by siblings explained the associations between education and the cardiovascular disease outcomes but to varying degrees. This should be taken into account when planning interventions aimed at reducing educational inequalities in the development of cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart...

Environmental Factors and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Omer Faruk Tekbas

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Epidemiological and clinical observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases is influenced not only by genetic, lifestyle and major risk factors, but also by environmental factors. Environmental factors are considered key determinants of cardiovascular diseases. Although lifestyle choices such as smoking, diet, and exercise are viewed as major environmental influences, the contribution of pollutants and environmental chemicals is less clear. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to physically and chemical pollutants could elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Many epidemiological studies report that exposure to physically, biologically and socio-cultural environmental factors are associated with an increase in cardiovascular mortality. Relationships between environmental factors and coronary arter disease, arhythmias, and cardiomyopathies have been reported. Exposures to arsenic, lead, cadmium, pollutant gases, solvents, and pesticides have also been linked to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. In this paper, I review that relationships between exposure to physically, chemical, biologically and socio-cultural environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2008; 7(5.000: 435-444

Nota biobibliográfica + poética + creaciones («Uves migratorias», «Fronteras del hambre», «Puntos de sutura», «Paisaje urbano 2», «El intruso» y «Mirada rota» + cuestionario (Victoria Pineda

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Julián Alonso

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Nota biobibliográfica + poética + creaciones («Uves migratorias», «Fronteras del hambre», «Puntos de sutura», «Paisaje urbano 2», «El intruso» y «Mirada rota» + cuestionario (Victoria Pineda

APOE Genotyping, Cardiovascular Disease

Science.gov (United States)

... Resources For Health Professionals Subscribe Search APOE Genotyping, Cardiovascular Disease Send Us Your Feedback Choose Topic At a ... help understand the role of genetic factors in cardiovascular disease . However, the testing is sometimes used in clinical ...

Multifactorial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Hypertension : the Cardiovascular Polypill

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lafeber, M; Spiering, W; Visseren, F L J; Grobbee, D E

2016-01-01

Hypertension is a major, if not the most important, contributor to the disease burden and premature death globally which is largely related to cardiovascular disease. In both the primary and the secondary preventions of cardiovascular disease, blood pressure (BP) targets are often not achieved which

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo y riesgo cardiovascular global en la población de Tres Lomas

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María E. Mazzei

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen:La mortalidad atribuida a las enfermedades cardiovasculares se encuentra en primer lugar y en aumento en los países en vías de desarrollo. En la Argentina, las enfermedades cardiovasculares producen, junto con el cáncer, más del 50% de las muertes anuales. En contraposición a las enfermedades infecciosas, éstas se denominan genéricamente enfermedades no transmisibles y se ha demostrado que son prevenibles en gran medida a través del control y el manejo de los llamados factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Es por ello que la información sobre la prevalencia y la variación en el tiempo de estos factores de riesgo es fundamental para realizar una vigilancia epidemiológica del problema de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la población y, a su vez, para proponer acciones comunitarias preventivas.ObjetivosObtener información sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población de Tres Lomas (Buenos Aires, calcular el riesgo cardiovascular global (RCG y comparar estos resultados con los descriptos para toda la Argentina.Material y métodosSe entrevistaron al azar 522 adultos de Tres Lomas. Se utilizó el cuestionario para vigilancia epidemiológica de la OPS y se realizaron mediciones antropométricas. En 100 individuos se determinaron lípidos y glucemia para estimar el RCG, definido como probabilidad de desarrollar un evento no fatal o muerte coronaria en los próximos 10 años. Por último, estas prevalencias se compararon con las estimadas a nivel nacional.ResultadosHubo menor prevalencia de diabetes (7,7% versus 11,9%; p < 0,0001, tabaquismo (27,7% versus 33,4%; p < 0,0054 y depresión (14,4% versus 22,8%; p < 0,0001, aunque más sobrepeso y obesidad que el promedio país (58,4% versus 49,1%; p < 0,0001. Aunque la medición de la tensión arterial fue más frecuente que el promedio (82,2% versus 68,4%; p < 0,0001, las determinaciones de glucemia (50,2% versus 69,3%; p < 0,0001 y de

Women's cardiovascular health in India.

Science.gov (United States)

Chow, Clara K; Patel, Anushka A

2012-03-01

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death among adult women in many parts of India and a major cause of morbidity. In some parts of the world, gender inequities have been observed in cardiovascular healthcare and cardiovascular outcomes. The authors discuss the data for potential disparities in cardiovascular healthcare for women in India. Data on cardiovascular healthcare provision and CVD outcomes among women in India are generally lacking. The little available data suggest that women in rural areas, younger women and girl children with CVD are less likely to receive appropriate management than men, with this disparity most apparent in those of lower socioeconomic status and education. However, there is a particular lack of information about the prevention and management of atherosclerotic heart disease in women from a range of communities that comprise the extremely diverse population of India.

Crowdfunding for cardiovascular research.

Science.gov (United States)

Krittanawong, Chayakrit; Zhang, HongJu Janet; Aydar, Mehmet; Wang, Zhen; Sun, Tao

2018-01-01

The competition for public cardiovascular research grants has recently increased. Independent researchers are facing increasing competition for public research grant support and ultimately may need to seek alternative funding sources. Crowdfunding, a financing method of raising funds online by pooling together small donations from the online community to support a specific initiative, seems to have significant potential. However, the feasibility of crowdfunding for cardiovascular research remains unknown. Here, we performed exploratory data analysis of the feasibility of online crowdfunding in cardiovascular research. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Envejecimiento del sistema cardiovascular Cardiovascular system aging

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José M Ocampo

2005-08-01

Full Text Available El envejecimiento del sistema cardiovascular está asociado con un número característico de cambios a nivel bioquímico, histológico y morfológico. Sin embargo, no todas las modificaciones presentadas se asocian con deterioro en la función. Entre los cambios a nivel cardiaco se tienen: disminución en el número de miocitos y en las células del sistema de conducción cardiaca, desarrollo de fibrosis, cambios en el transporte de calcio a través de las membranas y disminución del cronotropismo, inotropismo y lusitropismo mediados por estímulo b-adrenérgico. A nivel vascular, hay incremento en la rigidez de la pared de las arterias, con aumento en la velocidad de la onda de pulso, disfunción endotelial y disminución de la vasodilatación mediada por estímulo b-adrenérgico. Durante el reposo el sistema cardiovascular es capaz de desarrollar mecanismos adaptativos eficientes, pero en situaciones de estrés como el ejercicio, los cambios asociados con el envejecimiento se hacen evidentes ya que está disminuida la capacidad para obtener la frecuencia cardiaca máxima, está incrementada la postcarga y hay disminución de la contractilidad intrínseca. Por lo anterior, los ancianos deben utilizar al máximo el mecanismo de Frank-Starling para mantener el gasto cardiaco. Los cambios estructurales y funcionales asociados con el envejecimiento cardiovascular, disminuyen de forma significativa el umbral en el cual las enfermedades cardiacas llegan a ser evidentes, y deben ser conocidos por el personal de salud encargado de cuidar a los ancianos.Cardiovascular aging is associated with characteristic biochemical, histological and morphological changes. Nevertheless, these changes are not necessarily associated to a deterioration in its function. Among the cardiac changes found, there is a reduction in the number of myocytes and of the cardiac conduction system cells, development of fibrosis, changes in the trans-membrane calcium transport and a

Doença cardiovascular e fatores de risco cardiovascular em candidatos a transplante renal Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in candidates for renal transplantation

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Luís Henrique Wolff Gowdak

2005-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de doença cardiovascular (DCV e de fatores de risco tradicionais em portadores de insuficiência renal crônica em avaliação para inclusão em lista para transplante renal. MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e exames complementares 195 pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica dialítica e comparados a grupo de 334 hipertensos pareados por idade. As equações de Framingham foram usadas para o cálculo do risco absoluto (RA; o risco relativo (RR foi calculado tendo como referência o risco absoluto da coorte de baixo risco de Framingham. RESULTADOS: Do total, 37% apresentaram algum tipo de doença cardiovascular na avaliação inicial, sendo que arteriopatia obstrutiva (23% foi a mais prevalente. Excluídos os pacientes com doença cardiovascular, em relação aos fatores de risco tradicionais, houve diferença significativa quanto à pressão arterial sistólica e colesterol total (maiores no grupo de hipertensos e às prevalências de homens, diabetes e tabagismo, maiores no grupo de insuficiência renal crônica, que apresentou maior grau de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, menor pressão arterial diastólica e menor prevalência de história familiar de doença cardiovascular e obesidade. O risco relativo para doença cardiovascular dos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica foi mais elevado em relação à população controle de Framingham porém não diferiu da observada no grupo de hipertensos. CONCLUSÃO: Em candidatos a transplante renal é significativa a prevalência de doença cardiovascular e de fatores de risco tradicionais; as equações de Framingham não quantificam adequadamente o risco cardiovascular real e outros fatores de risco específicos desta população devem contribuir para o maior risco cardiovascular.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD and traditional risk factors in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing

Lifestyle in Cardiovascular Disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J.O. Younge (John)

2015-01-01

markdownabstract__Abstract__ Globally, the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still increasing. However, in recent decades, better treatment modalities have led to less cardiovascular related deaths. After years of research, we now generally accept that lifestyle factors are the most

76 FR 61740 - Geneon Entertainment (USA) Including On-Site Leased Workers From Interplace, Inc., Apple One and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-05

...) Including On-Site Leased Workers From Interplace, Inc., Apple One and Robert Half Legal Santa Monica, CA...-site leased workers from Interplace, Inc., and Apple One, Santa Monica, California. The workers are... from Interplace, Inc., Apple One and Robert Half Legal, Santa Monica, California, who became totally or...

Cardiovascular Reactivity, Stress, and Physical Activity

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Chun-Jung eHuang

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Psychological stress has been proposed as a major contributor to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD. Acute mental stress can activate the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM axis, eliciting the release of catecholamines (NE and EPI resulting in the elevation of heart rate (HR and blood pressure (BP. Combined stress (psychological and physical can exacerbate these cardiovascular responses, which may partially contribute to the elevated risk of CVD and increased proportionate mortality risks experienced by some occupations (e.g., firefighting and law enforcement. Studies have supported the benefits of physical activity on physiological and psychological health, including the cardiovascular response to acute stress. Aerobically trained individuals exhibit lower sympathetic nervous system (e.g., HR reactivity and enhanced cardiovascular efficiency (e.g., lower vascular reactivity and decreased recovery time in response to physical and/or psychological stress. In addition, resistance training has been demonstrated to attenuate cardiovascular responses and improve mental health. This review will examine stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity and plausible explanations for how exercise training and physical fitness (aerobic and resistance exercise can attenuate cardiovascular responses to stress. This enhanced functionality may facilitate a reduction in the incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction. Finally, this review will also address the interaction of obesity and physical activity on cardiovascular reactivity and CVD.

Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases

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Yan Liu

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Since President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative in the United States, more and more attention has been paid to precision medicine. However, clinicians have already used it to treat conditions such as cancer. Many cardiovascular diseases have a familial presentation, and genetic variants are associated with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which are the basis for providing precise care to patients with cardiovascular diseases. Large-scale cohorts and multiomics are critical components of precision medicine. Here we summarize the application of precision medicine to cardiovascular diseases based on cohort and omic studies, and hope to elicit discussion about future health care.

Association Between Leisure Time Physical Activity, Cardiopulmonary Fitness, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Workload at Work in Firefighters.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Clare C W; Au, Chun T; Lee, Frank Y F; So, Raymond C H; Wong, John P S; Mak, Gary Y K; Chien, Eric P; McManus, Alison M

2015-09-01

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent among firefighters in some developed countries. It is unclear whether physical activity and cardiopulmonary fitness reduce cardiovascular disease risk and the cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters. The present study investigated the relationship between leisure-time physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters in Hong Kong. Male firefighters (n = 387) were randomly selected from serving firefighters in Hong Kong (n = 5,370) for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, known cardiovascular diseases). One-third (Target Group) were randomly selected for the assessment of off-duty leisure-time physical activity using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed, as well as cardiovascular workload using heart rate monitoring for each firefighter for four "normal" 24-hour working shifts and during real-situation simulated scenarios. Overall, 33.9% of the firefighters had at least two cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the Target Group, firefighters who had higher leisure-time physical activity had a lower resting heart rate and a lower average working heart rate, and spent a smaller proportion of time working at a moderate-intensity cardiovascular workload. Firefighters who had moderate aerobic fitness and high leisure-time physical activity had a lower peak working heart rate during the mountain rescue scenario compared with firefighters who had low leisure-time physical activities. Leisure-time physical activity conferred significant benefits during job tasks of moderate cardiovascular workload in firefighters in Hong Kong.

Mental health in the aged: prevalence, covariates and related neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and inflammatory factors of successful aging

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Klug Günther

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Although aging is accompanied by diminished functioning, many elderly individuals preserve a sense of well-being. While the concept of "successful aging" has been popular for many decades, little is known about its psycho-physiologic and endocrine underpinnings. KORA-Age is a population-based, longitudinal study designed to determine the prevalence of successfully aged men and women between 65 and 94 years old in the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort of randomly selected inhabitants. Specifically, we aim to identify predictors of successful aging and to elucidate bio-psychosocial mechanisms that maintain mental health and successful adaptation despite adverse experiences of life and aging. Methods/Design Components of successful aging were assessed in a telephone survey of 4,127 participants (2008-2009 enrolled in the MONICA/KORA cohort, on average, 13 years earlier. Psychosocial, somatic and behavioural predictors are used to determine factors that contribute to successful aging. An age-stratified random sub-sample (n = 1,079 participated in a personal interview where further psychological mechanisms that may underlie successful adaptation (resilience, social support, attachment were examined. The interactions among neuroendocrine systems in the aging process are investigated by studying the cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate ratio, the level of insulin-like growth factor I, and oxytocin. Discussion Longitudinal determinants of successful aging can be assessed based on a follow-up of an average of 13 years. A comprehensive analysis of biological as well as physio-psychological information provides a unique opportunity to investigate relevant outcomes such as resilience and frailty in the elderly population.

Living alone, obesity, and smoking increase risk for suicide independently of depressive mood findings from the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study.

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Schneider, Barbara; Lukaschek, Karoline; Baumert, Jens; Meisinger, Christa; Erazo, Natalia; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz

2014-01-01

Suicide is strongly associated with mental disorders, particularly with depression. There is insufficient knowledge to what extent sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics contribute to suicide risk. A population-based cohort study on three independent cross-sectional MONICA/KORA Augsburg surveys with 12,888 subjects (6456 men, 6432 women) was followed up on average for 12.0 years. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, chronic disease conditions, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, personality type, and other psychodiagnostic parameters was assessed by standardized interviews. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) as estimates of relative risks for suicide mortality. Additionally, population-attributable risks were calculated. Within the follow-up period, a total of 1449 persons had died, 38 of them by suicide. Although several variables were associated with increased risk in the basic analyses, only obesity (HR=2.73), smoking (HR=2.23), and living alone (HR=2.19) remained significantly associated with suicide additionally to male sex (HR=3.57) and depressed mood (HR=2.01) in a multivariate analysis. The generalization of our findings to countries with different social, economic or cultural conditions may be questioned. Our findings extend the knowledge about sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors for suicide in the general population: Suicide prevention measures should not consider only subjects with mental disorders but also address other adverse conditions. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Clar, Christine; Oseni, Zainab; Flowers, Nadine; Keshtkar-Jahromi, Maryam; Rees, Karen

2015-05-05

This is an update of the original review published in 2008. The risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes is increased with influenza-like infection, and vaccination against influenza may improve cardiovascular outcomes. To assess the potential benefits of influenza vaccination for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. We searched the following electronic databases on 18 October 2013: The Cochrane Library (including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Economic Evaluation Database (EED) and Health Technology Assessment database (HTA)), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded, Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science and ongoing trials registers (www.controlled-trials.com/ and www.clinicaltrials.gov). We examined reference lists of relevant primary studies and systematic reviews. We performed a limited PubMed search on 20 February 2015, just before publication. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of influenza vaccination compared with placebo or no treatment in participants with or without cardiovascular disease, assessing cardiovascular death or non-fatal cardiovascular events. We used standard methodological procedures as expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. We carried out meta-analyses only for cardiovascular death, as other outcomes were reported too infrequently. We expressed effect sizes as risk ratios (RRs), and we used random-effects models. We included eight trials of influenza vaccination compared with placebo or no vaccination, with 12,029 participants receiving at least one vaccination or control treatment. We included six new studies (n = 11,251), in addition to the two included in the previous version of the review. Four of these trials (n = 10,347) focused on prevention of influenza in the general or elderly population and reported cardiovascular outcomes among their safety analyses; four trials (n = 1682) focused on prevention of

Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons’ Perception of the Concentration of Cardiovascular Operations in Seoul Metropolitan Area’s Hospitals

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Hyo Seon Jeong

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concentration of cardiovascular surgical procedures in a metropolitan area and investigate the perception of specialists regarding governmental policies to resolve this imbalance. Methods: From March to May 2015, surveys were distributed to members of the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Association. The final pool of research subjects consisted of 75 respondents. Subjects were queried regarding the concentration of cardiovascular operations in metropolitan areas, alternatives to the imbalance, and governmental policies to resolve the inequalities. Results: Survey participants responded that South Korea needs governmental policies to alleviate the concentration of cardiovascular surgery patients in large metropolitan hospitals. Participants agreed that the freedom to choose medical institutions and improved accessibility to metropolitan hospitals due to advanced transportation systems were some of the causes for the concentration. A majority (98.7% of respondents thought establishing thoracic and cardiovascular surgery centers in provinces was an appropriate solution to alleviate the concentration. Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery specialists were ranked as the number one group on which to focus development. Conclusion: Developing and carrying out policies to establish thoracic and cardiovascular surgery centers in provinces will alleviate the regional imbalance in available heart surgery services and an overall improvement in cardiovascular disease treatment in South Korea.

Cardiovascular involvement in myositis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Diederichsen, Louise P

2017-01-01

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to provide an update on cardiovascular involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Studies from the past 18 months are identified and reviewed. Finally, the clinical impact of these findings is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: Epidemiological...... on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging suggests that CMR should be considered as a potentially viable diagnostic tool to evaluate the possibility of silent myocardial inflammation in IIM with normal routine noninvasive evaluation. SUMMARY: Updated literature on cardiovascular involvement in IIM has...... identified an increased risk for subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease in these rare inflammatory muscle diseases....

Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, S; Henriksen, Jens Henrik Sahl

2008-01-01

Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis include cardiac dysfunction and abnormalities in the central, splanchnic and peripheral circulation, and haemodynamic changes caused by humoral and nervous dysregulation. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy implies systolic and diastolic dysfunction and electrophysi......Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis include cardiac dysfunction and abnormalities in the central, splanchnic and peripheral circulation, and haemodynamic changes caused by humoral and nervous dysregulation. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy implies systolic and diastolic dysfunction....... The clinical significance of cardiovascular complications and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is an important topic for future research, and the initiation of new randomised studies of potential treatments for these complications is needed....

Factores psicoeducativos que determinan la propensión al accidente deportivo en escolares: Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de evaluación

OpenAIRE

Latorre-Román, Pedro A.; Cámara-Pérez, José C.; Pantoja-Vallejo, Antonio; Izquierdo-Rus, Tomás

2013-01-01

El propósito de este estudio ha sido el diseño y validación de una escala de propensión al accidente deportivo en escolares. La muestra ha estado formada por 254 niños (M = 14.20, DT = 1.3). Las propiedades psicométricas de la escala se obtuvieron mediante un proceso de validez de contenido y un análisis factorial de los componentes principales. Como resultados obtuvimos un cuestionario de 27 ítems formado por cinco factores y ajustado a los tópicos de validez y fiabilidad científica. Se enco...

Factores de riesgo cardiovasculares e hiperreactividad cardiovascular en jóvenes venezolanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sady Montes Amador

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: la hiperreactividad cardiovascular en los jóvenes se ha asociado a diferentes factores de riesgo y a la historia familiar de hipertensión arterial. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la historia familiar de hipertensión y los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, con el estado de hiperreactividad cardiovascular. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal con un universo de 77 jóvenes entre 18 y 40 años, de la parroquia Churuguara, Estado Falcón en Venezuela. Se analizaron como variables: edad, sexo, color de la piel, antecedentes familiares de hipertensión arterial, antecedentes personales de hipertensión arterial y de diabetes mellitus, ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas y de sal, actividad física e índice de masa corporal. Se determinaron como variables hemodinámicas: presión arterial diastólica, presión arterial sistólica, antes y después de la respuesta presora desencadenada por la aplicación un ejercicio isométrico Resultados: el 13 % de los individuos presentó reactividad vascular ante la prueba del peso sostenido. Es tres veces mayor la hiperreactividad cardiovascular en las personas con historia familiar de hipertensión arterial, el 60 % de las personas con un índice de masa corporal mayor o igual a 27 kg/m2 son hiperreactivos cardiovasculares, en la medida que se ingiere más alcohol aumenta la respuesta cardiovascular a la prueba del peso sostenido, son hiperreactivos el 33,3 % de los que fuman. Conclusión: existe una asociación significativa entre la historia familiar de hipertensión arterial, la obesidad, la ingestión de sal, el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y la hiperreactividad vascular.

Cardiovascular nuclear medicine and MRI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reiber, J.H.C.; Wall, E.E. van der

1992-01-01

This book is based on a meeting of the Working Group on Nuclear Cardiology, which held March 22-23,1991 under the auspices of the European Society of Cardiology and the Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, and on the Second International Symposium on Computer Applications in Nuclear Medicine and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, which was held March 20-22,1991 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. It covers almost every aspect of quantitative cardio-vascular nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging. The main topics are: single photon emission computed tomography (technical aspects); new development in cardiovascular nuclear medicine; advances in cardiovascular imaging; cardiovascular clinical applications; and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. (A.S.). refs.; figs.; tabs

Cardiovascular investigations of airline pilots with excessive cardiovascular risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Wirawan, I Made Ady; Aldington, Sarah; Griffiths, Robin F; Ellis, Chris J; Larsen, Peter D

2013-06-01

This study examined the prevalence of airline pilots who have an excessive cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score according to the New Zealand Guideline Group (NZGG) Framingham-based Risk Chart and describes their cardiovascular risk assessment and investigations. A cross-sectional study was performed among 856 pilots employed in an Oceania based airline. Pilots with elevated CVD risk that had been previously evaluated at various times over the previous 19 yr were reviewed retrospectively from the airline's medical records, and the subsequent cardiovascular investigations were then described. There were 30 (3.5%) pilots who were found to have 5-yr CVD risk score of 10-15% or higher. Of the 29 pilots who had complete cardiac investigations data, 26 pilots underwent exercise electrocardiography (ECG), 2 pilots progressed directly to coronary angiograms and 1 pilot with abnormal echocardiogram was not examined further. Of the 26 pilots, 7 had positive or borderline exercise tests, all of whom subsequently had angiograms. One patient with a negative exercise test also had a coronary angiogram. Of the 9 patients who had coronary angiograms as a consequence of screening, 5 had significant disease that required treatment and 4 had either trivial disease or normal coronary arteries. The current approach to investigate excessive cardiovascular risk in pilots relies heavily on exercise electrocardiograms as a diagnostic test, and may not be optimal either to detect disease or to protect pilots from unnecessary invasive procedures. A more comprehensive and accurate cardiac investigation algorithm to assess excessive CVD risk in pilots is required.

Increased susceptibility to cardiovascular effects of dihydrocapcaicin in resuscitated rats. Cardiovascular effects of dihydrocapsaicin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fosgerau, Keld; Ristagno, Giuseppe; Jayatissa, Magdalena Niepsuj

2010-01-01

Survivors of a cardiac arrest often have persistent cardiovascular derangements following cardiopulmonary resuscitation including decreased cardiac output, arrhythmias and morphological myocardial damage. These cardiovascular derangements may lead to an increased susceptibility towards the extern...

21 CFR 870.3375 - Cardiovascular intravascular filter.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Cardiovascular intravascular filter. 870.3375... Cardiovascular intravascular filter. (a) Identification. A cardiovascular intravascular filter is an implant that... and Revision of 2/12/90 (K90-1)” and (ii) “Guidance for Cardiovascular Intravascular Filter 510(k...

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de calidad de los cuidados de Enfermería del Trabajo en los Servicios de Prevención Design of a questionnaire on the quality of occupational health nursing at the safety management services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esperanza Alonso Jiménez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Origen y objetivos: El objetivo principal de este trabajo será elaborar un cuestionario que nos permita conocer la percepción de los trabajadores sobre las actividades que realiza la enfermería del trabajo en los diferentes Servicios de Prevención. Método: El cuestionario se divide en tres partes: 1 Variables sociodemográficas, formadas por 4 items; 2 Opinión sobre el servicio de prevención, formado por 15 items; 3 Opinión de los trabajadores sobre la atención de enfermería, formado por 23 items. Se analizó el comportamiento métrico del cuestionario respecto a la validez de constructo, de criterio y la consistencia interna, para lo cual, se opta por hacerlo según los criterios básicos de Moriyama y el cálculo de índice ∂ de Conbrach. Para ello se repartieron 55 cuestionarios de control en los diferentes servicios de prevención de la Comunidad de Cantabria y se trataron los datos con el programa SPSS v.15 de análisis estadístico. Resultados: Se superó el criterio de validación establecido, con resultados superiores al 80% en la valoración de los expertos. Encontramos una buena consistencia interna, evidenciada por un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.837 en cada sección. Conclusión: El cuestionario reúne suficientes propiedades psicométricas para ser considerado una herramienta útil y fiable capaz de medir con objetividad la satisfacción de los trabajadores con los cuidados de la enfermería del trabajo.Introduction and Aim: The main aim of this study is to draw up a "Questionnaire on Satisfaction with Occupational Health Nursing" (Cuestionario de satisfacción con los cuidados de la enfermería del trabajo - CUSACET, which will enable us to gauge users' perceptions with regard to the occupational health nursing work carried out by the various safety management services. Materials and Method: The questionnaire is designed to encompass three dimensions: a. Sociodemographic: consisting of four items. b. Opinion of the safety

Desarrollo de un Cuestionario Breve para la Medición del Comportamiento Arriesgado en Peatones Adolescentes/ Development of a Brief Questionnaire to Measure Risky Behavior in Adolescent Pedestrians/ Desenvolvimento de um Questionário Breve para a Medição do Comportamento Arriscado em Pedestres Adolescentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DAVID HERRERO-FERNÁNDEZ

2015-10-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue la creación de un cuestionario autoinformado breve para valorar los comportamientos arriesgados en peatones. Para ello se contó con una muestra de 351 personas que completaron los 13 ítems iniciales del instrumento y que llevaron a cabo una tarea de percepción de riesgo a modo de medida de validez. El análisis factorial confirmatorio verificó el ajuste satisfactorio del modelo final de 8 ítems en un único factor, que alcanzó una consistencia interna satisfactoria (α=.75. Posteriormente los análisis evidenciaron la validez convergente y discriminante del cuestionario, con base en las correlaciones obtenidas con las medidas de percepción de riesgo administradas.

National differences in screening programmes for cardiovascular risks could obstruct understanding of cardiovascular prevention studies in Europe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thio, S. L.; Twickler, Th B.; Cramer, M. J.; Giral, P.

2011-01-01

In North-West Europe, cardiovascular disease is still a major cause of death and despite several efforts (e.g. European guidelines and conferences) cardiovascular risk factors are still inconsistently diagnosed and treated. We evaluated the first consultations of patients in two cardiovascular

Validación del cuestionario de conciencia emocional en adolescentesespañoles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Samper-García

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La regulación de la emoción es un proceso complejo que implica la iniciación, inhibición o modulación del propio estado o comportamiento en una situación dada (Cole, Michel & Teti, 1994. La regulación emocional tiene una función altamente significativa en la vida humana ya que reacciones emocionales inapropiadas, extremas o incontroladas pueden impedir un ajuste funcional a la sociedad (Koole, 2009. Sin embargo para una adecuada regulación emocional es necesaria una buena comprensión emocional y, a su vez, para una comprensión eficaz se requiere una apro piada percepción emocional. En este estudio se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la ver sión española del Cuestionario de Conciencia Emocional revisado ( Emotional Awareness Ques tionnaire , EAQ30 desarrollado por Rieffe, Oos terveld, Miers, Terwogt y Ly (2008. La versión española del EAQ30 fue administrada a 1.316 adolescentes españoles de 14 a 16 años. Los da tos confirman la estructura original de la escala de seis factores: Distinción de las emociones, Inter cambio verbal de las emociones, No ocultamiento de las emociones, Conciencia corporal, Análisis de las emociones y Atención a las emociones de los otros. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna de las subescalas del EAQ30 fueron satisfactorios y equivalentes a los obtenidos en la escala origi nal. Por otra parte, el estudio también confirmó la invariancia de la estructura factorial del instru mento cuando se considera el sexo, en la adoles cencia media. Estos resultados permitirían soste ner que la adaptación al español aquí presentada puede ser utilizada para evaluar el constructo conciencia emocional en adolescentes de lengua española de un modo válido y confiable en ambos sexos.

Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christine Clar

Full Text Available ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: This is an update of the original review published in 2008. The risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes is increased with influenza-like infection, and vaccination against influenza may improve cardiovascular outcomes.OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential benefits of influenza vaccination for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.METHODS:Search methods:We searched the following electronic databases on 18 October 2013: The Cochrane Library (including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE, Economic Evaluation Database (EED and Health Technology Assessment database (HTA, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded, Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science and ongoing trials registers (www.controlled-trials.com/ and www.clinicaltrials.gov. We examined reference lists of relevant primary studies and systematic reviews. We performed a limited PubMed search on 20 February 2015, just before publication.Selection criteria:Randomised controlled trials (RCTs of influenza vaccination compared with placebo or no treatment in participants with or without cardiovascular disease, assessing cardiovascular death or non-fatal cardiovascular events.Data collection and analysis:We used standard methodological procedures as expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. We carried out meta-analyses only for cardiovascular death, as other outcomes were reported too infrequently. We expressed effect sizes as risk ratios (RRs, and we used random-effects models.MAIN RESULTS: We included eight trials of influenza vaccination compared with placebo or no vaccination, with 12,029 participants receiving at least one vaccination or control treatment. We included six new studies (n = 11,251, in addition to the two included in the previous version of the review. Four of these trials (n = 10,347 focused on prevention of influenza in the general or elderly population

Gender bias in cardiovascular advertisements.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmed, Sofia B; Grace, Sherry L; Stelfox, Henry Thomas; Tomlinson, George; Cheung, Angela M

2004-11-01

Women with cardiovascular disease are treated less aggressively than men. The reasons for this disparity are unclear. Pharmaceutical advertisements may influence physician practices and patient care. To determine if female and male patients are equally likely to be featured in cardiovascular advertisements. We examined all cardiovascular advertisements from US editions of general medical and cardiovascular journals published between 1 January 1996 and 30 June 1998. For each unique advertisement, we recorded the total number of journal appearances and the number of appearances in journals' premium positions. We noted the gender, age, race and role of both the primary figure and the majority of people featured in the advertisement. Nine hundred and nineteen unique cardiovascular advertisements were identified of which 254 depicted a patient as the primary figure. A total of 20%[95% confidence interval (CI) 15.3-25.5%] of these advertisements portrayed a female patient, while 80% (95% CI 74.5-84.7%) depicted a male patient, P advertisements appeared 249 times (13.3%; 95% CI 8.6-18.9%) while male patient advertisements appeared 1618 times (86.7%; 95% CI 81.1-91.4%), P advertisements also had significantly fewer mean appearances than male patient advertisements in journals' premium positions (0.82 vs. 1.99, P=0.02). Similar results were seen when the advertisements were analysed according to predominant gender. Despite increasing emphasis on cardiovascular disease in women, significant under-representation of female patients exists in cardiovascular advertisements. Physicians should be cognizant of this gender bias.

Adaptación de la forma abreviada del “cuestionario de recursos y estrés (QRS-F, 1983, para padres de personas con autismo / Adaptation of the been brief form of the the

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soto Calderón, Ronald

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Medir el estrés en padres de personas con discapacidad ha sido una tarea muy difícil. En 1974, Holroyd desarrollo el “Cuestionario de recursos y estrés (QRS (de 289 ítemes, para solventar esta necesidad. No obstante, por su longitud y dificultad de análisis psicométrico, se ha dificultado su empleo en diferentes estudios. Friedrich y otros, en 1983, realizaron un estudio de los 289 ítemes del cuestionario QRS y obtuvieron la “Forma abreviada del Cuestionario de Recursos y Estrés (QRS-F”, la cual consta de 52 ítemes representativos de la prueba original. El análisis de factores aplicado tuvo como resultado que emergieran cuatro factores, a saber: Problemas de los padres y la familia, Pesimismo, Características del niño e incapacidad física. En el presente estudio se hizo la adaptación del QRS-F para padres de personas con Autismo en nuestro país.Abstract: To measure stress in parents of people with disability has been a very difficult task. To resolve this necessity, in 1974, Holroyd develop the Questionnaire of Resources and Stress (QRS (of 289 items. However, by its length and difficulty of psychometric analysis, its use in different studies has become difficult. Friedrich and others, in 1983, made a study of the 289 items of the questionnaire QRS and obtained the "been brief Form of the Questionnaire of Resources and Stress (QRS-F", which consists of 52 items representative of the original test. The analysis of factors applied had as result that emerged four factors, that is to say: Problems of the parents and the family, Pessimism, Characteristics of the boy and physical incapacity. In the present study the adaptation was made of the QRS-F for parents of people with Autism in our country.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Spallone, Vincenza; Ziegler, Dan; Freeman, Roy

2011-01-01

Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) Subcommittee of Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy worked to update CAN guidelines, with regard to epidemiology, clinical impact, diagnosis, usefulness of CAN testing, and management. CAN is the impairment of cardiovascular autonomic control...... in type 2 diabetes. CAN is a risk marker of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity, and possibly a progression promoter of diabetic nephropathy. Criteria for CAN diagnosis and staging are: 1. one abnormal cardio-vagal test identifies possible or early CAN; 2. at least two abnormal cardio-vagal tests....... diagnosis of CAN clinical forms, 2. detection and tailored treatment of CAN clinical correlates (e.g. tachycardia, OH, nondipping, QT interval prolongation), 3. risk stratification for diabetic complications and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and 4. modulation of targets of diabetes therapy...

Cardiovascular death and manic-depressive psychosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Weeke, A; Juel, K; Vaeth, M

2013-01-01

In order to study if tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TCA) in therapeutic doses increase the risk of death due to cardiovascular causes, the relative mortality from cardiovascular diseases was studied in two large groups of first hospitalized manic-depressive patients, one from the TCA era...... to the general population. Among 1133 such cases admitted between 1950 and 1956, the rate was 1.87. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that TCA contribute to the cardiovascular mortality in manic-depressives and even support suggestions that TCA treatment may lower the risk of death by cardiovascular...

The Cardiovascular Research Grid (CVRG)

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services — The CardioVascular Research Grid (CVRG) project is creating an infrastructure for sharing cardiovascular data and data analysis tools. CVRG tools are developed using...

Depressive symptoms, physical inactivity and risk of cardiovascular mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Science.gov (United States)

Win, Sithu; Parakh, Kapil; Eze-Nliam, Chete M; Gottdiener, John S; Kop, Willem J

2011-01-01

Background Depressed older individuals have a higher mortality than older persons without depression. Depression is associated with physical inactivity, and low levels of physical activity have been shown in some cohorts to be a partial mediator of the relationship between depression and cardiovascular events and mortality. Methods A cohort of 5888 individuals (mean 72.8±5.6 years, 58% female, 16% African-American) from four US communities was followed for an average of 10.3 years. Self-reported depressive symptoms (10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) were assessed annually and self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline and at 3 and 7 years. To estimate how much of the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality associated with depressive symptoms was due to physical inactivity, Cox regression with time-varying covariates was used to determine the percentage change in the log HR of depressive symptoms for cardiovascular mortality after adding physical activity variables. Results At baseline, 20% of participants scored above the cut-off for depressive symptoms. There were 2915 deaths (49.8%), of which 1176 (20.1%) were from cardiovascular causes. Depressive symptoms and physical inactivity each independently increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality and were strongly associated with each other (all pphysical inactivity had greater cardiovascular mortality than those with either individually (pPhysical inactivity reduced the log HR of depressive symptoms for cardiovascular mortality by 26% after adjustment. This was similar for persons with (25%) and without (23%) established coronary heart disease. Conclusions Physical inactivity accounted for a significant proportion of the risk of cardiovascular mortality due to depressive symptoms in older adults, regardless of coronary heart disease status. PMID:21339320

Oral Antidiabetic Agents and Cardiovascular Outcomes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pareek, Manan; Bhatt, Deepak L

2018-01-01

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes; however, a direct protective effect of tight glycemic control remains unproven. In fact, until 2008, when concerns related to rosiglitazone prompted regulatory agencies to mandate assessment...... of cardiovascular safety of new antidiabetic agents, little was known about how these medications affected cardiovascular outcomes. Since then, there has been a considerable increase in the number of cardiovascular trials, which employ a noninferiority design and focus on high-risk populations to establish safety...... in the shortest time possible. In this article, we summarize the 4 major cardiovascular outcome trials of oral antidiabetic agents, completed so far. These include 3 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (saxagliptin, alogliptin, and sitagliptin) and 1 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin). We...

[Cooperative Cardiovascular Disease Research Network (RECAVA)].

Science.gov (United States)

García-Dorado, David; Castro-Beiras, Alfonso; Díez, Javier; Gabriel, Rafael; Gimeno-Blanes, Juan R; Ortiz de Landázuri, Manuel; Sánchez, Pedro L; Fernández-Avilés, Francisco

2008-01-01

Today, cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death and hospitalization in Spain, and accounts for an annual healthcare budget of more than 4000 million euros. Consequently, early diagnosis, effective prevention, and the optimum treatment of cardiovascular disease present a significant social and healthcare challenge for the country. In this context, combining all available resources to increase the efficacy and healthcare benefits of scientific research is a priority. This rationale prompted the establishment of the Spanish Cooperative Cardiovascular Disease Research Network, or RECAVA (Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 5 years ago. Since its foundation, RECAVA's activities have focused on achieving four objectives: a) to facilitate contacts between basic, clinical and epidemiological researchers; b) to promote the shared use of advanced technological facilities; c) to apply research results to clinical practice, and d) to train a new generation of translational cardiovascular researchers in Spain. At present, RECAVA consists of 41 research groups and seven shared technological facilities. RECAVA's research strategy is based on a scientific design matrix centered on the most important cardiovascular processes. The level of RECAVA's research activity is reflected in the fact that 28 co-authored articles were published in international journals during the first six months of 2007, with each involving contributions from at least two groups in the network. Finally, RECAVA also participates in the work of the Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research, or CNIC (Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular), and some established Biomedical Research Network Centers, or CIBER (Centros de Investigación Biomédica en RED), with the aim of consolidating the development of a dynamic multidisciplinary research framework that is capable of meeting the growing challenge that cardiovascular disease will present

Hepatitis C virus and cardiovascular: A review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salvatore Petta

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV infection is a systemic disease that leads to increased risks of cirrhosis and its complications, as well as extrahepatic disturbances, including immune-related disorders and metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance and steatosis. Recent accumulating evidence suggests that HCV infection can increase cardiovascular risk, and that viral eradication can improve cardiovascular outcomes in the clinical setting. These data are strengthened by evidence identifying potential mechanisms (indirectly linking HCV infection to vascular damage. However, the high prevalence of both HCV infection and cardiovascular alterations, as well as the presence of contrasting results not identifying any association between HCV infection and cardiovascular dysfunction, provides uncertainty about a direct association of HCV infection with cardiovascular risk. Further studies are needed to clarify definitively the role of HCV infection in cardiovascular alterations, as well as the impact of viral eradication on cardiovascular outcomes. These features are now more attractive, considering the availability of new, safe, and very effective interferon-free antiviral agents for the treatment of HCV infection. This review aims to discuss carefully available data on the relationship between HCV infection and cardiovascular risk.

Editor's Choice - Acute Cardiovascular Care Association Position Paper on Intensive Cardiovascular Care Units: An update on their definition, structure, organisation and function.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonnefoy-Cudraz, Eric; Bueno, Hector; Casella, Gianni; De Maria, Elia; Fitzsimons, Donna; Halvorsen, Sigrun; Hassager, Christian; Iakobishvili, Zaza; Magdy, Ahmed; Marandi, Toomas; Mimoso, Jorge; Parkhomenko, Alexander; Price, Susana; Rokyta, Richard; Roubille, Francois; Serpytis, Pranas; Shimony, Avi; Stepinska, Janina; Tint, Diana; Trendafilova, Elina; Tubaro, Marco; Vrints, Christiaan; Walker, David; Zahger, Doron; Zima, Endre; Zukermann, Robert; Lettino, Maddalena

2018-02-01

Acute cardiovascular care has progressed considerably since the last position paper was published 10 years ago. It is now a well-defined, complex field with demanding multidisciplinary teamworking. The Acute Cardiovascular Care Association has provided this update of the 2005 position paper on acute cardiovascular care organisation, using a multinational working group. The patient population has changed, and intensive cardiovascular care units now manage a large range of conditions from those simply requiring specialised monitoring, to critical cardiovascular diseases with associated multi-organ failure. To describe better intensive cardiovascular care units case mix, acuity of care has been divided into three levels, and then defining intensive cardiovascular care unit functional organisation. For each level of intensive cardiovascular care unit, this document presents the aims of the units, the recommended management structure, the optimal number of staff, the need for specially trained cardiologists and cardiovascular nurses, the desired equipment and architecture, and the interaction with other departments in the hospital and other intensive cardiovascular care units in the region/area. This update emphasises cardiologist training, referring to the recently updated Acute Cardiovascular Care Association core curriculum on acute cardiovascular care. The training of nurses in acute cardiovascular care is additionally addressed. Intensive cardiovascular care unit expertise is not limited to within the unit's geographical boundaries, extending to different specialties and subspecialties of cardiology and other specialties in order to optimally manage the wide scope of acute cardiovascular conditions in frequently highly complex patients. This position paper therefore addresses the need for the inclusion of acute cardiac care and intensive cardiovascular care units within a hospital network, linking university medical centres, large community hospitals, and smaller

Cardiovascular risk profile in women and dementia.

Science.gov (United States)

Dufouil, Carole; Seshadri, Sudha; Chêne, Geneviève

2014-01-01

There is growing evidence for the importance of cardiovascular risk factors in dementia development, including Alzheimer's disease. As cardiovascular risk profiles vary greatly by gender, with men suffering a greater burden of cardiovascular risk in midlife, this could lead to differences in dementia risk. To explore current evidence on the association between components of the cardiovascular risk profile and dementia risk in women and men, we reviewed all studies reporting the risk of dementia associated with cardiovascular risk factors stratified by gender and found 53 eligible articles out of over 4,000 published since the year 2000. Consistent results were found: 1) for exposures acting specifically in women: Overweight/obesity (harmful) and physical activity (protective), and 2) for exposures acting similarly in women and men: Moderate alcohol (protective) and hypertension, diabetes, and depression (harmful). A modified effect of tobacco or high cholesterol/statin use remained controversial. Available data do not allow us to assess whether selection of men with healthier cardiovascular profile (due to cardiovascular death in midlife) could lead in late life either to a difference in the distribution of risk factors or to a differential effect of these risk factors by gender. We recommend that results on dementia risk factors, especially cardiovascular ones, be reported systematically by gender in all future studies. More generally, as cardiovascular risk profiles evolve over time, more attention needs to be paid to the detection and correction of cardiovascular risk factors, as early as possible in the life course, and as actively in women as in men.

Psychometric performance of the brazilian version of the Mini-cuestionario de calidad de vida en la hipertensión arterial (MINICHAL).

Science.gov (United States)

Soutello, Ana Lúcia Soares; Rodrigues, Roberta Cunha Matheus; Jannuzzi, Fernanda Freire; Spana, Thaís Moreira; Gallani, Maria Cecília Bueno Jayme; Nadruz Junior, Wilson

2011-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, ceiling and floor effects, reliability, and convergent construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Mini Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensión Arterial (MINICHAL). The study included 200 hypertensive outpatients in a university hospital and a primary healthcare unit. The MINICHAL was applied in 3.0 (± 1.0) minutes with 100% of the items answered. A "ceiling effect" was observed in both dimensions and in the total score, as well as evidence of measurement stability (ICC=0.74). The convergent validity was confirmed by significant positive correlations between similar dimensions of the MINICHAL and the SF-36, and significant negative correlations with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire - MLHFQ, however, correlations between dissimilar constructs were also observed. It was concluded that the Brazilian version of the MINICHAL presents evidence of reliability and validity when applied to hypertensive outpatients.

Cold Weather and Cardiovascular Disease

Science.gov (United States)

... Venous Thromboembolism Aortic Aneurysm More Cold Weather and Cardiovascular Disease Updated:Sep 16,2015 Th is winter ... and procedures related to heart disease and stroke. Cardiovascular Conditions • Conditions Home • Arrhythmia and Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiac ...

Cocoa, blood pressure, and cardiovascular health.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferri, Claudio; Desideri, Giovambattista; Ferri, Livia; Proietti, Ilenia; Di Agostino, Stefania; Martella, Letizia; Mai, Francesca; Di Giosia, Paolo; Grassi, Davide

2015-11-18

High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular events worldwide. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that cocoa-rich products reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. According to this, cocoa has a high content in polyphenols, especially flavanols. Flavanols have been described to exert favorable effects on endothelium-derived vasodilation via the stimulation of nitric oxide-synthase, the increased availability of l-arginine, and the decreased degradation of NO. Cocoa may also have a beneficial effect by protecting against oxidative stress alterations and via decreased platelet aggregation, decreased lipid oxidation, and insulin resistance. These effects are associated with a decrease of blood pressure and a favorable trend toward a reduction in cardiovascular events and strokes. Previous meta-analyses have shown that cocoa-rich foods may reduce blood pressure. Long-term trials investigating the effect of cocoa products are needed to determine whether or not blood pressure is reduced on a chronic basis by daily ingestion of cocoa. Furthermore, long-term trials investigating the effect of cocoa on clinical outcomes are also needed to assess whether cocoa has an effect on cardiovascular events. A 3 mmHg systolic blood pressure reduction has been estimated to decrease the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. This paper summarizes new findings concerning cocoa effects on blood pressure and cardiovascular health, focusing on putative mechanisms of action and "nutraceutical " viewpoints.

Cardiovascular Diseases in HIV-infected Subjects (HIV-HEART Study)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-07

Detection of Frequency, Severity and Progression of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With HIV-infection.; Effect on Cardiovascular Risk and Life Quality by Age, Gender, Classic Cardiovascular Risk Factors,; HIV-specific Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Medication, Antiretroviral Medication

Cardiovascular risk in Turner syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Donato, Beatriz; Ferreira, Maria João

2018-06-01

Turner syndrome is a relatively common genetic disorder of female development, characterized by partial or complete absence of an X chromosome, with a variable clinical presentation. Congenital or acquired cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent and a major cause of early death in this syndrome. The most feared complication is aortic dissection, which can occur at a very young age and requires careful assessment of its risk factors. A systematic literature search identified sixty relevant publications. These were reviewed with regard to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women with Turner syndrome, especially in pregnancy. The most common congenital cardiovascular defects are presented and illustrated with appropriate iconography. The current recommendations regarding the screening and monitoring of cardiovascular disease in these patients are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

El cuestionario CEVEAPEU. Un instrumento para la evaluación de las estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios. [The CEVEAPEU Questionnaire. An instrument to assess the learning strategies of university students] .

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Pérez-Pérez, Cruz

2009-10-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to elaborate and validate a questionnaire to assess the learning strategies of university students more completely than those classically used. In order to do so, a design of test validation was used. Two samples of university students, the first one with 545 students and the second one with 1127, were used. The results of internal consistency, construct validity, predictive validity and temporal stability, included in the text of this paper, are good. The final product is a questionnaire with two scales, six subscales, twenty-five strategies and 88 items, more solid and complete than those previously available. El objetivo de este trabajo era elaborar y validar un cuestionario de evaluación de las estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios más completo que los clásicamente utilizados. Para ello utilizamos un diseño de validación de pruebas. Usamos dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios, la primera de 545 estudiantes y la segunda de 1127. Los resultados de consistencia interna, validez de constructo, validez predictiva y estabilidad temporal, recogidos en el texto del artículo, son buenos. El producto final es un cuestionario con dos escalas, seis subescalas, veinticinco estrategias y 88 ítems, más sólido y completo que los anteriormente disponibles.

HIV INFECTION, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

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Katleen de Gaetano Donati

2010-11-01

Full Text Available In the last 15 years, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART has determined a dramatic reduction of both morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-infected subjects, transforming this infection in a chronic and manageable disease. Patients surviving with HIV in the developed world, in larger number men,  are becoming aged. As it would be expected for a population of comparable age, many HIV-infected individuals report a family history of cardiovascular disease, a small proportion have already experienced a cardiovascular event and an increasing proportion has diabetes mellitus. Smoking rate is very high while an increasing proportion of HIV-infected individuals have dyslipidaemia. Studies suggest that these traditional risk factors could play an important  role in the development of cardiovascular disease in these patients as they do in the general population. Thus, whilst the predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk remains relatively low at present, it will likely increase in relation to the progressive aging of  this patient population. Thus, the long-term follow-up of HIV infected patients has to include co-morbidity management such as cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Two intriguing aspects related to the cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV infection are the matter of current investigation: 1 while these subjects share many cardiovascular risk factors with the general population, HIV infection itself increases cardiovascular risk; 2 some HAART regimens too influence atherosclerotic profile, partly due to lipid changes. Although the mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular complications in HIV-infected patients remain to be fully elucidated, treatment guidelines recommending interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in these individuals are already available; however, their application is still limited.

Cuestionarios de estilo educativo percibido por niños (EMBU-C), adolescentes (EMBU-A) y progenitores (EMBU-P): Propiedades psicométricas en muestra clínica española

OpenAIRE

Penelo Werner, Eva

2009-01-01

Descripció del recurs: 03/06/2010 El EMBU (64 ítems) es un cuestionario de autoinforme que evalúa el recuerdo de las personas adultas sobre el estilo educativo con que fueron criadas. Consta de cuatro escalas: Rechazo, Calidez Emocional, Sobreprotección/Control y Favoritismo y ha sido adaptado en un amplio número de países e idiomas. Además, existe una forma corta, S-EMBU (22 ítems), que incluye las tres primeras escalas. Ambos han sido validados en España, donde se han desarrollado tres n...

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la concepción y uso del patrimonio del profesorado de Ciencias Sociales de Educación Secundaria

OpenAIRE

Molina Puche, Sebastián; Felices de la Fuente, María del Mar; Chaparro Sáinz, Álvaro

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo analiza el proceso de elaboración y validación de un cuestionario que ha servido como herramienta para conocer las concepciones que tiene el profesorado de Ciencias Sociales de Educación Secundaria sobre el patrimonio, así como el uso que hace del mismo. Este instrumento de recogida de datos se ha construido en el marco de un proyecto de investigación, todavía en curso, que tiene entre sus objetivos analizar la presencia del patrimonio en el currículo educativo, en las pro...

Cardiovascular hospitalizations and associations with environmental quality

Science.gov (United States)

Cardiovascular disease has been identified as a condition that may be associated with environmental factors. Air pollution in particular has been demonstrated to be associated with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, which can increase the likelihood of cardiovascular eve...

Artificial Intelligence in Precision Cardiovascular Medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Krittanawong, Chayakrit; Zhang, HongJu; Wang, Zhen; Aydar, Mehmet; Kitai, Takeshi

2017-05-30

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that aims to mimic human thought processes, learning capacity, and knowledge storage. AI techniques have been applied in cardiovascular medicine to explore novel genotypes and phenotypes in existing diseases, improve the quality of patient care, enable cost-effectiveness, and reduce readmission and mortality rates. Over the past decade, several machine-learning techniques have been used for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and prediction. Each problem requires some degree of understanding of the problem, in terms of cardiovascular medicine and statistics, to apply the optimal machine-learning algorithm. In the near future, AI will result in a paradigm shift toward precision cardiovascular medicine. The potential of AI in cardiovascular medicine is tremendous; however, ignorance of the challenges may overshadow its potential clinical impact. This paper gives a glimpse of AI's application in cardiovascular clinical care and discusses its potential role in facilitating precision cardiovascular medicine. Copyright © 2017 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reactividad cardiovascular y factores de riesgos cardiovasculares en individuos normotensos menores de 40 años

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Benet Rodríguez Mikhail

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: Se ha observado que la hiperreactividad cardiovascular está asociada a factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en la población general. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer si estos factores también se asocian en la población de individuos con menos de 40 años, ya que podría ser importante para modificar estilos de vida e intervenir en la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio comparativo representativo con una muestra de 249 individuos normotensos de ambos sexos entre 18 y 40 años de edad. Se formaron dos grupos a partir de los resultados de la prueba del peso sostenido (PPS, basada en la aplicación de un ejercicio isométrico para producir reactividad cardiovascular. Uno de los grupos estuvo formado por sujetos hiperreactivos cardiovasculares (n=62, con valores de presión arterial (TA 90/140 mmHg después de la prueba del peso sostenido, y el otro, estuvo formado por sujetos normorreactivos cardiovasculares (n=187, con valores de TA < 90/140 mmHg. Mediante un modelo de regresión logística se determinó la asociación entre la edad, sexo, historia familiar de hipertensión arterial (HF de HTA, actividad física (AcF, consumo de cigarros (CC, ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas (IBA, consumo de sal (CS y la raza con el estado de hiperreactividad cardiovascular. Resultados: El riesgo de los individuos con historia familiar de hipertensión arterial de tener hiperreactivad cardiovascular fue 2 veces mayor (OR=2,88 IC 95%: 1,54-5,36. Por cada año de edad el riesgo de hiperreactividad aumentó en 1,08 veces y llegó hasta 1,14 veces. Por otro lado, el índice de masa corporal mostró una relación significativa independiente con el estado de hiperreactividad vascular (OR=1,11 IC 95%: 1,01-1,21. El resto de las variables estudiadas no mostraron asociación con el estado de hiperreactividad cardiovascular. Conclusiones: Los individuos normotensos entre 18 y 40 años de edad tienen un

Comparación de los cuestionarios Carlsson-Dent y GERD-Q para detección de síntomas de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en población general

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R. Contreras-Omaña

2017-01-01

Conclusiones: Hubo una prevalencia del 50% con síntomas de ERGE en población general. El GQQ detectó un mayor número de síntomas de ERGE en pacientes con obesidad/sobrepeso. El CDQ fue calificado como más fácil de comprender y contestar por los pacientes. Es importante mencionar que solo hubo una concordancia del 20% entre ambos cuestionarios, lo que indica que tal vez sean de utilidad para identificar síntomas de ERGE en poblaciones distintas.

Cardiovascular risk-benefit profile of sibutramine.

Science.gov (United States)

Scheen, A J

2010-01-01

Sibutramine is a combined norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor used as an antiobesity agent to reduce appetite and promote weight loss in combination with diet and exercise. At a daily dose of 10-20 mg, it was initially considered to have a good safety profile, as it does not induce primary pulmonary hypertension or adverse effects on cardiac valves, in contrast to previous reports relating to some other antiobesity agents. However, it exerts disparate effects on cardiovascular risk factors. On the one hand, sibutramine may have antiatherogenic activities, as it improves insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and inflammatory markers, with most of these effects resulting from weight loss rather than from an intrinsic effect of the drug. On the other hand, because of its specific mode of action, sibutramine exerts a peripheral sympathomimetic effect, which induces a moderate increase in heart rate and attenuates the reduction in BP attributable to weight loss or even slightly increases BP. It may also prolong the QT interval, an effect that could induce arrhythmias. Because of these complex effects, it is difficult to conclude what the final impact of sibutramine on cardiovascular outcomes might be. Sibutramine has been shown to exert favorable effects on some surrogate cardiovascular endpoints such as reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy and improvement of endothelial dysfunction. A good cardiovascular safety profile was demonstrated in numerous 1- to 2-year controlled trials, in both diabetic and nondiabetic well selected patients, as well as in several observational studies. However, since 2002, several cardiovascular adverse events (hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction) have been reported in sibutramine-treated patients. This led to a contraindication of the use of this antiobesity agent in patients with established coronary heart disease, previous stroke, heart failure, or cardiac arrhythmias. SCOUT

Pharmacogenomics in cardiovascular disorders: Steps in approaching personalized medicine in cardiovascular medicine

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Christopher Barone

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Christopher Barone, Shaymaa S Mousa, Shaker A MousaThe Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USAAbstract: Some of the most commonly prescribed medications are those for cardiovascular maladies. The beneficial effects of these medications have been well documented. However, there can be substantial variation in response to these medications among patients, which may be due to genetic variation. For this reason pharmacogenomic studies are emerging across all aspects of cardiovascular medicine. The goal of pharmacogenomics is to tailor treatment to an individual’s genetic makeup in order to improve the benefit-to-risk ratio. This review examines the potential pharmacogenomic parameters which may lead to a future of personalized medicine. For example, it has been found that patients with CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene variations have a different response to warfarin. Other studies looking at β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics and statins have shown some results linking genetic variations to pharmacologic response. However these studies have not impacted clinical use yet, unlike warfarin findings, as the small retrospective studies need to be followed up by larger prospective studies for definitive results.Keywords: cardiovascular, pharmacogenomics, genetics, cardiovascular medicine, personalized medicine, polymorphism

[TECOS: confirmation of the cardiovascular safety of sitaliptin].

Science.gov (United States)

Scheen, A J; Paquot, N

2015-10-01

The cardiovascular safety of sitagliptin has been evaluated in TECOS ("Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin"). TECOS recruited patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of cardiovascular disease who received, as add-on to their usual therapy, either sitagliptin (n = 7.257) or placebo (n = 7.266), with a median follow-up of 3 years. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.09; P<0.001). Rates of hospitalization for heart failure did not differ between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.20; P=0.98). The cardiovascular safety of sitagliptin, which was already shown in meta-analyses of phase II-III randomised controlled trials and in observational cohort studies in real life, is now confirmed in the landmark prospective cardiovascular outcome study TECOS.

Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease

OpenAIRE

Clar,Christine; Oseni,Zainab; Flowers,Nadine; Keshtkar-Jahromi,Maryam; Rees,Karen

2015-01-01

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: This is an update of the original review published in 2008. The risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes is increased with influenza-like infection, and vaccination against influenza may improve cardiovascular outcomes.OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential benefits of influenza vaccination for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.METHODS:Search methods:We searched the following electronic databases on 18 October 2013: The Cochrane Library (including Coch...

The impact of cardiovascular disease prevalence on women's enrollment in landmark randomized cardiovascular trials: a systematic review.

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Tsang, Wendy; Alter, David A; Wijeysundera, Harindra C; Zhang, Tony; Ko, Dennis T

2012-01-01

Many studies have demonstrated that women are substantially underrepresented in cardiovascular trials, but few have considered that women develop cardiovascular disease at older ages than men. The extent to which observed gender enrollment inequalities persist after accounting for age-gender differences in disease prevalence is unknown. The purpose of the study was to compare observed rates of women participating in cardiovascular clinical trials with expected rates of female participation based on age- and gender-specific population disease prevalence. Publications between 1997 and 2009 in the three leading medical journals were included to calculate observed women's enrollment rates. Population-based data in Canada were used to determine the expected enrollment rates of women. Multicenter, randomized cardiovascular clinical trials that enrolled both men and women were analyzed. Two reviewers independently extracted data on women's enrollment and important clinical trial characteristics. The female enrollment rate was 30% in the included 325 trials, which ranged from 27% in trials of coronary artery disease, 27% in heart failure, 31% in arrhythmia, to 45% in primary prevention. Increased female enrollment correlated strongly with increasing age at recruitment in cardiovascular clinical trials (P disease prevalence, gaps in female enrollment were much lower than the expected enrollment rates estimated by 5% in coronary artery disease, 13% in heart failure, 9% in arrhythmia, and 3% in primary prevention. Only cardiovascular trials were evaluated in our study. Female underrepresentation in cardiovascular clinical trials is smaller than conventionally believed after accounting for age- and gender-specific population disease prevalence. Our findings suggest that greater representation of women in cardiovascular clinical trials can be achieved through the recruitment of older populations.

Resting cardiovascular function improvements in adult men ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Impaired cardiovascular function increases the risk for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease, renal disease and all-cause mortality. Research has demonstrated an inverse relationship between these cardiovascular impairments and exercise. However, previous research has mainly focused on aerobic training since ...

Estudio sociológico y del conocimiento de los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la Costa Caribe Colombiana (Estudio Caribe Sociological study for detection of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in the Colombian Caribbean Coast population

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Manzur Fernando

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción y objetivos:: el objetivo del estudio se basó en un cuestionario estructurado para evaluar el conocimiento que tiene la población de los factores de riesgo y estudiar los porcentajes de prevalencia de los mismos en la enfermedad cardiovascular en la población del Caribe colombiano. Metodología: se aleatorizó una muestra representativa de 2.023 pacientes a través de un test sistemático aplicado en la ciudad de Cartagena y en sus poblaciones cercanas (con una población aproximada de 1'200.000 personas en el cual se reseñaron y se correlacionaron los siguientes ítemes: edad, género, nivel educacional, tabaquismo, presión arterial, diabetes, colesterol, triglicéridos (dislipidemia, alcoholismo, estrés (ansiedad-depresión, obesidad, electrocardiograma, infarto del miocardio, vida sedentaria, herencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, pacientes en tratamiento, angina y falla cardiaca. Resultados: en un total de 2.023 encuestas se obtuvo un resultado por edades con un promedio mayor entre 36 y 40 años de edad para un promedio total de 47 años; por género 59,7% fueron mujeres y 40,3% hombres. Por nivel educacional 32% eran escolares, 19,9% profesionales y 20,6% técnicos. El 25,1% presentó dislipidemia (colesterol y/o triglicéridos elevados el 11,8% y diabetes. El 21% padecía obesidad, 10,1% había presentado algún episodio de angina. Sólo el 18,8% venía recibiendo medicación. Sólo el 7% de la muestra tenía falla cardíaca y 1,4% había tenido infarto agudo del miocardio; de la muestra 15,4% eran fumadores; 5,1% presentaron anormalidad en el electrocardiograma; 24,2% tenían episodios de estrés, y una cifra verdaderamente elevada del 37,4% llevaba una vida sedentaria. Conclusión: la prevalencia de factores de riesgo en este estudio ha sido similar a la de otros estudios en demás países occidentales; se observó diferencia significativa en la vida sedentaria y en los niveles de educación. Se notó un incremento

Contracepção hormonal e sistema cardiovascular Contracepción hormonal y sistema cardiovascular Hormonal contraception and cardiovascular system

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Milena Bastos Brito

2011-04-01

Full Text Available A contracepção hormonal é o método mais utilizado para prevenção de gestações não planejadas. A literatura tem demonstrado associação entre risco cardiovascular e uso de hormonioterapia. A fim de melhorar a orientação contraceptiva para mulheres com fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular, realizamos uma revisão da literatura em relação ao assunto. Esta revisão descreve os dados mais recentes da literatura científica acerca da influência dos contraceptivos hormonais em relação a trombose venosa, arterial e hipertensão arterial sistêmica, doenças cada dia mais prevalentes na população feminina jovem.La contracepción hormonal es el método más utilizado para la prevención de los embarazos no planificados. La literatura ha venido demostrando la asociación que existe entre el riesgo cardiovascular y el uso de la hormonoterapia. Con el objetivo de mejorar la orientación en la contracepción en mujeres con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular, realizamos una revisión de la literatura con relación a ese asunto. Esa revisión describe los datos más recientes de la literatura científica acerca de la influencia de los anticonceptivos hormonales con relación a la trombosis venosa, arterial e hipertensión arterial sistémica, enfermedades cada día más prevalentes en la población femenina joven.Hormonal contraception is the most widely used method to prevent unplanned pregnancies. The literature has shown an association between cardiovascular risk and use of hormone therapy. With the purpose of providing better guidelines on contraception methods for women with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, we have reviewed the literature on the subject. This review describes the latest data from the scientific literature concerning the influence of hormonal contraceptives on arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis and systemic high blood pressure, which are diseases that have become

Vitamin D, cardiovascular disease and risk factors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skaaby, Tea; Thuesen, Betina H.; Linneberg, Allan

2017-01-01

of vitamin D effects from a cardiovascular health perspective. It focuses on vitamin D in relation to cardiovascular disease, i.e. ischemic heart disease, and stroke; the traditional cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, obesity; and the emerging risk factors hyperparathyroidism......, microalbuminuria, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Meta-analyses of observational studies have largely found vitamin D levels to be inversely associated with cardiovascular risk and disease. However, Mendelian randomization studies and randomized, controlled trials...... (RCTs) have not been able to consistently replicate the observational findings. Several RCTs are ongoing, and the results from these are needed to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency is a causal and reversible factor to prevent cardiovascular disease....

Racism and cardiovascular disease: implications for nursing.

Science.gov (United States)

Jackson, Jennifer; McGibbon, Elizabeth; Waldron, Ingrid

2013-01-01

The social determinants of health (SDH) are recognized as a prominent influence on health outcomes across the lifespan. Racism is identified as a key SDH. In this article, the authors describe the concept of racism as an SDH, its impact in discriminatory actions and inactions, and the implications for cardiovascular nurses. Although research in Canada on the links among racism, stress, and cardiovascular disease is limited, there is growing evidence about the stress of racism and its long-term impact on cardiovascular health. The authors discuss how cardiovascular nursing could be enhanced through an understanding of racism-related stress, and race-based differences in cardiovascular care. The authors conclude with strategies for action to address this nursing concern.

Educational differences in cardiovascular mortality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjøllesdal, M. K. R.; Ariansen, I.; Mortensen, L. H.

2016-01-01

Aims: To explore the confounding effects of early family factors shared by siblings and cardiovascular risk factors in midlife on the educational differences in mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Data from national and regional health surveys in Norway (1974–2003) were linked...

Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Edmondson, Donald; von Känel, Roland

2017-04-01

In this paper, a first in a Series of two, we look at the evidence for an association of post-traumatic stress disorder with incident cardiovascular disease risk and the mechanisms that might cause this association, as well as the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder due to cardiovascular disease events and its associated prognostic risk. We discuss research done after the publication of previous relevant systematic reviews, and survey currently funded research from the two most active funders in the field: the National Institutes of Health and the US Veterans Administration. We conclude that post-traumatic stress disorder is a risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease, and a common psychiatric consequence of cardiovascular disease events that might worsen the prognosis of the cardiovascular disease. There are many candidate mechanisms for the link between post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease, and several ongoing studies could soon point to the most important behavioural and physiological mechanisms to target in early phase intervention development. Similarly, targets are emerging for individual and environmental interventions that might offset the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder after cardiovascular disease events. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PPARs and the Cardiovascular System

Science.gov (United States)

Hamblin, Milton; Chang, Lin; Fan, Yanbo; Zhang, Jifeng

2009-01-01

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone-receptor superfamily. Originally cloned in 1990, PPARs were found to be mediators of pharmacologic agents that induce hepatocyte peroxisome proliferation. PPARs also are expressed in cells of the cardiovascular system. PPARγ appears to be highly expressed during atherosclerotic lesion formation, suggesting that increased PPARγ expression may be a vascular compensatory response. Also, ligand-activated PPARγ decreases the inflammatory response in cardiovascular cells, particularly in endothelial cells. PPARα, similar to PPARγ, also has pleiotropic effects in the cardiovascular system, including antiinflammatory and antiatherosclerotic properties. PPARα activation inhibits vascular smooth muscle proinflammatory responses, attenuating the development of atherosclerosis. However, PPARδ overexpression may lead to elevated macrophage inflammation and atherosclerosis. Conversely, PPARδ ligands are shown to attenuate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by improving endothelial cell proliferation and survival while decreasing endothelial cell inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, the administration of PPAR ligands in the form of TZDs and fibrates has been disappointing in terms of markedly reducing cardiovascular events in the clinical setting. Therefore, a better understanding of PPAR-dependent and -independent signaling will provide the foundation for future research on the role of PPARs in human cardiovascular biology. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 1415–1452. PMID:19061437

Cardiovascular Safety Pharmacology of Sibutramine.

Science.gov (United States)

Yun, Jaesuk; Chung, Eunyong; Choi, Ki Hwan; Cho, Dae Hyun; Song, Yun Jeong; Han, Kyoung Moon; Cha, Hey Jin; Shin, Ji Soon; Seong, Won-Keun; Kim, Young-Hoon; Kim, Hyung Soo

2015-07-01

Sibutramine is an anorectic that has been banned since 2010 due to cardiovascular safety issues. However, counterfeit drugs or slimming products that include sibutramine are still available in the market. It has been reported that illegal sibutramine-contained pharmaceutical products induce cardiovascular crisis. However, the mechanism underlying sibutramine-induced cardiovascular adverse effect has not been fully evaluated yet. In this study, we performed cardiovascular safety pharmacology studies of sibutramine systemically using by hERG channel inhibition, action potential duration, and telemetry assays. Sibutramine inhibited hERG channel current of HEK293 cells with an IC50 of 3.92 μM in patch clamp assay and increased the heart rate and blood pressure (76 Δbpm in heart rate and 51 ΔmmHg in blood pressure) in beagle dogs at a dose of 30 mg/kg (per oral), while it shortened action potential duration (at 10 μM and 30 μM, resulted in 15% and 29% decreases in APD50, and 9% and 17% decreases in APD90, respectively) in the Purkinje fibers of rabbits and had no effects on the QTc interval in beagle dogs. These results suggest that sibutramine has a considerable adverse effect on the cardiovascular system and may contribute to accurate drug safety regulation.

Cardiovascular Risk in Primary Hyperaldosteronism.

Science.gov (United States)

Prejbisz, A; Warchoł-Celińska, E; Lenders, J W M; Januszewicz, A

2015-12-01

After the first cases of primary aldosteronism were described and characterized by Conn, a substantial body of experimental and clinical evidence about the long-term effects of excess aldosterone on the cardiovascular system was gathered over the last 5 decades. The prevalence of primary aldosteronism varies considerably between different studies among hypertensive patients, depending on patient selection, the used diagnostic methods, and the severity of hypertension. Prevalence rates vary from 4.6 to 16.6% in those studies in which confirmatory tests to diagnose primary aldosteronism were used. There is also growing evidence indicating that prolonged exposure to elevated aldosterone concentrations is associated with target organ damage in the heart, kidney, and arterial wall, and high cardiovascular risk in patients with primary aldosteronism. Therefore, the aim of treatment should not be confined to BP normalization and hypokalemia correction, but rather should focus on restoring the deleterious effects of excess aldosterone on the cardiovascular system. Current evidence convincingly demonstrates that both surgical and medical treatment strategies beneficially affect cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the long term. Further studies can be expected to provide better insight into the relationship between cardiovascular risk and complications and the genetic background of primary aldosteronism. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Ideal cardiovascular health and risk of cardiovascular events in the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lachman, Sangeeta; Peters, Ron Jg; Lentjes, Marleen Ah; Mulligan, Angela A.; Luben, Robert N.; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Boekholdt, S. Matthijs

2016-01-01

The American Heart Association has prioritised seven cardiovascular health metrics to reduce the cardiovascular burden, including: body mass index, healthy diet, physical activity, smoking status, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol. The aim of the current study was to

Propiedades psicométricas y baremos del Cuestionario de Burnout Granada en profesionales de Enfermería

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emilia I. de la Fuente

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Los enfermeros son uno de los colectivos profesionales que presentan mayores niveles de burnout. La definición más aceptada de este trastorno fue propuesta por Maslach y Jackson, y se caracteriza por cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal. Esta definición operativa fue usada en la elaboración del Cuestionario de Burnout Granada (CBG. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del CBG y elaborar un baremo para profesionales de enfermería españoles. El CBG era cumplimentado por 1.177 enfermeros. Las evidencias de validez de constructo fueron examinadas usando estrategias de validez cruzada y validez convergente, y las evidencias de validez de criterio mediante la validez concurrente. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach se utilizó para medir la consistencia interna. Los resultados indican índices de ajuste satisfactorios en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, y en las evidencias de validez convergente y concurrente. Todos los valores de alfa de Cronbach eran superiores a 0,83. Los resultados muestran que el CBG tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas para ser usado en enfermeros. Se elaboró un baremo en puntuaciones T y centiles que permite evaluar burnout en enfermeros españoles.

Intermittent hypoxia, cardiovascular disease and obstructive sleep apnoea.

Science.gov (United States)

Turnbull, Chris D

2018-01-01

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), whilst reducing blood pressure, has not been shown to reduce cardiovascular events when used as a treatment solely for this purpose in patients with previous cardiovascular disease. Developing a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease in OSA is important to develop new treatments. Potential causative mechanisms for cardiovascular disease in OSA include arousal induced sympathetic activation, large intrathoracic pressure swings leading to shear stress on the heart and great vessels, and intermittent hypoxia (IH). This review discusses the role of IH, as a major physiological consequence of OSA, in the development of cardiovascular disease.

Cheese and cardiovascular disease risk

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hjerpsted, Julie Bousgaard; Tholstrup, Tine

2016-01-01

Abstract Currently, the effect of dairy products on cardiovascular risk is a topic with much debate and conflicting results. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the existing literature regarding the effect of cheese intake and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies included...

Cardiovascular Disease in Acromegaly.

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Morali D; Nguyen, Anh V; Brown, Spandana; Robbins, Richard J

2017-01-01

In patients with acromegaly, chronic excess of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) leads to the development of acromegalic cardiomyopathy. Its main features are biventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and in later stages, systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure. Surgical and/or pharmacological treatment of acromegaly and control of cardiovascular risk factors help reverse some of these pathophysiologic changes and decrease the high risk of cardiovascular complications.

Unmet needs for cardiovascular care in Indonesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Maharani, Asri; Tampubolon, Gindo

2014-01-01

In the past twenty years the heaviest burden of cardiovascular diseases has begun to shift from developed to developing countries. However, little is known about the real needs for cardiovascular care in these countries and how well those needs are being met. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of unmet needs for cardiovascular care based on objective assessment. Multilevel analysis is used to analyse the determinants of met needs and multilevel multiple imputation is applied to manage missing data. The 2008 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS4) survey is the source of the household data used in this study, while district data is sourced from the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Finance. The data shows that nearly 70% of respondents with moderate to high cardiovascular risk failed to receive cardiovascular care. Higher income, possession of health insurance and residence in urban areas are significantly associated with met needs for cardiovascular care, while health facility density and physician density show no association with them. The prevalence of unmet needs for cardiovascular care is considerable in Indonesia. Inequality persists as a factor in meeting needs for cardiovascular care as the needs of people with higher incomes and those living in urban areas are more likely to be met. Alleviation of poverty, provision of health care insurance for the poor, and improvement in the quality of healthcare providers are recommended in order to meet this ever-increasing need.

Unmet needs for cardiovascular care in Indonesia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asri Maharani

Full Text Available In the past twenty years the heaviest burden of cardiovascular diseases has begun to shift from developed to developing countries. However, little is known about the real needs for cardiovascular care in these countries and how well those needs are being met. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of unmet needs for cardiovascular care based on objective assessment.Multilevel analysis is used to analyse the determinants of met needs and multilevel multiple imputation is applied to manage missing data. The 2008 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS4 survey is the source of the household data used in this study, while district data is sourced from the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Finance. The data shows that nearly 70% of respondents with moderate to high cardiovascular risk failed to receive cardiovascular care. Higher income, possession of health insurance and residence in urban areas are significantly associated with met needs for cardiovascular care, while health facility density and physician density show no association with them.The prevalence of unmet needs for cardiovascular care is considerable in Indonesia. Inequality persists as a factor in meeting needs for cardiovascular care as the needs of people with higher incomes and those living in urban areas are more likely to be met. Alleviation of poverty, provision of health care insurance for the poor, and improvement in the quality of healthcare providers are recommended in order to meet this ever-increasing need.

Evaluación de la calidad de las webs de centros de farmacoeconomía y economía de la salud en Internet mediante un cuestionario validado Evaluation of the quality of the websites of pharmacoeconomics and health economics centers through a validated questionnaire

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Ana Domínguez-Castro

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar la calidad de los sitios web de centros y organizaciones sobre temas farmacoeconómicos de los países de la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos y Canadá, mediante un sistema validado con criterios explícitos. Métodos: Identificación en el web de instituciones, centros relacionados con farmacoeconomía y economía de la salud en el ámbito de los 24 países de la OCDE desde el año 1999, a través de buscadores mediante palabras clave predeterminadas. Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de calidad de la información sanitaria contenida en Internet según las normas establecidas en la bibliografía. Evaluación de la calidad de los centros de farmacoeconomía y economía de la salud a través de este cuestionario. Resultados: En 23 de los 26 ítems que contiene el cuestionario validado, la Q de Cochran figura como estadísticamente significativa. El coeficiente de fiabilidad obtenido en el cuestionario fue de 0,90 y el valor obtenido en la correlación de Pearson fue de 0,812. Los 33 centros de farmacoeconomía y economía de la salud evaluados pueden dividirse en 3 subgrupos de acuerdo con las puntuaciones obtenidas en el cuestionario: centros de alta calidad, calidad media, subgrupo al que pertenece la mayoría de los centros, y calidad baja. Los centros que se corresponden con el subgrupo de alta calidad son: Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Centre for Health Economics, Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality, Health Economics Research Unit, The Institute of Health Economics y Health Economics Resource Center. Conclusiones: Los criterios incluidos en el cuestionario que son los más utilizados en la evaluación de la calidad de páginas web sanitarias son: credibilidad, contenido, descripción, vínculos, diseño, interactividad y salvaguarda. La calidad de sitios web de centros relacionados con farmacoeconomía y economía de la salud analizados en este trabajo mediante los criterios establecidos en el

Nutrition and cardiovascular health.

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Berciano, Silvia; Ordovás, José M

2014-09-01

A multitude of studies have been published on the relationship between cardiovascular disease risk and a variety of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. Despite the well-accepted notion that diet has a significant influence on the development and prevention of cardiovascular disease, the foods considered healthy and harmful have varied over the years. This review aims to summarize the current scientific evidence on the cardioprotective effect of those foods and nutrients that have been considered healthy as well as those that have been deemed unhealthy at any given time in history. For this purpose, we reviewed the most recent literature using as keywords foods and nutrients (ie, meat, omega-3) and cardiovascular disease-related terms (ie, cardiovascular diseases, stroke). Emphasis has been placed on meta-analyses and Cochrane reviews. In general, there is a paucity of intervention studies with a high level of evidence supporting the benefits of healthy foods (ie, fruits and vegetables), whereas the evidence supporting the case against those foods considered less healthy (ie, saturated fat) seems to be weakened by most recent evidence. In summary, most of the evidence supporting the benefits and harms of specific foods and nutrients is based on observational epidemiological studies. The outcome of randomized clinical trials reveals a more confusing picture with most studies providing very small effects in one direction or another; the strongest evidence comes from dietary patterns. The current status of the relationship between diet and cardiovascular disease risk calls for more tailored recommendations based on genomic technologies. Copyright © 2014 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Estudio del sentido del humor: validación de un instrumento para medir el sentido del humor, análisis del cuestionario y su relación con el estrés

OpenAIRE

Carbelo Baquero, Begoña

2006-01-01

Introducción. El futuro inmediato en los estudios sobre el humor se enfoca hacia modelos experimentales y aplicacionales (Russell, 1996; 2000), que permitan una correcta evaluación de los efectos sobre la salud y el bienestar (Roeckelein, 2002; Reiss, Mobbs, Greicius, Eiman y Menon, 2003). La necesidad de contar con métodos de evaluación hace del desarrollo de cuestionarios una fuente de interés en la investigación de este constructo (Thorson y Powell, 1991; 1993; Thorson, Powell, Sarmay-Shul...

Cardiovascular effects of air pollution.

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Bourdrel, Thomas; Bind, Marie-Abèle; Béjot, Yannick; Morel, Olivier; Argacha, Jean-François

2017-11-01

Air pollution is composed of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and ozone. PM is classified according to size into coarse particles (PM 10 ), fine particles (PM 2.5 ) and ultrafine particles. We aim to provide an original review of the scientific evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies examining the cardiovascular effects of outdoor air pollution. Pooled epidemiological studies reported that a 10μg/m 3 increase in long-term exposure to PM 2.5 was associated with an 11% increase in cardiovascular mortality. Increased cardiovascular mortality was also related to long-term and short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Exposure to air pollution and road traffic was associated with an increased risk of arteriosclerosis, as shown by premature aortic and coronary calcification. Short-term increases in air pollution were associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and acute heart failure. The risk was increased even when pollutant concentrations were below European standards. Reinforcing the evidence from epidemiological studies, numerous experimental studies demonstrated that air pollution promotes a systemic vascular oxidative stress reaction. Radical oxygen species induce endothelial dysfunction, monocyte activation and some proatherogenic changes in lipoproteins, which initiate plaque formation. Furthermore, air pollution favours thrombus formation, because of an increase in coagulation factors and platelet activation. Experimental studies also indicate that some pollutants have more harmful cardiovascular effects, such as combustion-derived PM 2.5 and ultrafine particles. Air pollution is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Promotion of safer air quality appears to be a new challenge in cardiovascular disease prevention. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Evaluación de la representación estudiantil en la universidad desde un enfoque de género: diseño de un cuestionario

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María Pilar CÁCERES RECHE

2009-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo se describe el procedimiento realizado para el diseño de un cuestionario que pretende abordar el estudio de las percepciones del liderazgo estudiantil en función del género en la Universidad de Granada. Se recogen las principales aportaciones de los estudios previos, en los que se enmarca nuestra propuesta de investigación a través del cuestionario, partiendo de una de las investigaciones pioneras acerca del liderazgo estudiantil implementada en el 2005 por el Dr. Lorenzo Delgado y el Grupo de Investigación A.R.E.A. (Análisis de la Realidad Educativa Andaluza y de otra, centrada en la presencia de la mujer en los cargos directivos en la Universidad de Granada desde el curso académico 1999 hasta 2005.ABSTRACT: In this paper we describe the process used to design a questionnaire in order to establish the study of student leadership perceptions according to gender at the University of Granada. We include the main contributions of previous studies on which our research proposal through a questionnaire is based. One of these is a pioneer research study about student leadership carried out in 2005 by Dr. Lorenzo Delgado and the Research Group A.E.R.A. (Andalusian Educational Reality Analysis and the other is a study focused on the presence of women in higher management positions in the University of Granada from 1999 to 2005. The novelty of this research responds to the need to know the leadership profile that emerges from student representatives, as members elected and as voters, one of the topics forgotten in «university micro-politics» and through which we can analyse the role of gender stereotypes in order to understand the reasons why they were elected, the expectations to be developed, how leadership is practised (methods, techniques, etc. and their self-assessment.

Preeclampsia, prematurity and cardiovascular health in adult life.

Science.gov (United States)

Lewandowski, Adam J; Leeson, Paul

2014-11-01

Investigations into how perinatal growth and intrauterine environment may 'programme' risk of later cardiovascular disease have been ongoing for over two decades. One of the more recent outcomes of these studies is the observation that certain pregnancy-related conditions, such as preterm birth, have an unusually large impact on the long-term cardiovascular health of the offspring. In the present paper, we review the current literature of how preterm birth affects the long-term cardiovascular structure and function of the offspring, considering three major areas of investigation: firstly, outlining the long-term cardiovascular phenotypic changes in preterm-born individuals; secondly, investigating factors related to preterm birth that may be modifying cardiovascular phenotype, such as preeclampsia, perinatal interventions, and physiological disturbances; and thirdly, the expected clinical relevance of these cardiovascular changes. This review discusses the importance of continued research focused on the mechanistic understanding of these cardiovascular alterations in order to develop specific primary prevention strategies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Maintained intentional weight loss reduces cardiovascular outcomes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Caterson, I D; Finer, N; Coutinho, W

2012-01-01

Aim: The Sibutramine Cardiovascular OUTcomes trial showed that sibutramine produced greater mean weight loss than placebo but increased cardiovascular morbidity but not mortality. The relationship between 12-month weight loss and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes is explored. Methods: Overweight....../obese subjects (N = 10 744), =55 years with cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus, received sibutramine plus weight management during a 6-week Lead-in Period before randomization to continue sibutramine (N = 4906) or to receive placebo (N = 4898). The primary endpoint was the time from...... randomization to first occurrence of a primary outcome event (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, resuscitated cardiac arrest or cardiovascular death). Results: For the total population, mean weight change during Lead-in Period (sibutramine) was -2.54 kg. Post-randomization, mean total weight...

The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jie, Zhuye; Xia, Huihua; Zhong, Shi-Long

2017-01-01

The gut microbiota has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. However, the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in relation to cardiovascular diseases have not been systematically examined. Here, we perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from 218 individuals...... with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and 187 healthy controls. The ACVD gut microbiome deviates from the healthy status by increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. and, functionally, in the potential for metabolism or transport of several molecules important for cardiovascular......), with liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Our data represent a comprehensive resource for further investigations on the role of the gut microbiome in promoting or preventing ACVD as well as other related diseases.The gut microbiota may play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors perform...

Screen-detected gallstone disease and cardiovascular disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Shabanzadeh, Daniel Mønsted; Skaaby, Tea; Sørensen, Lars Tue

2017-01-01

Knowledge about temporal associations for screen-detected gallstone disease and cardiovascular disease is limited. The objective of this study was to determine if screen-detected gallstones or cholecystectomy was associated with development of cardiovascular disease. A cohort study of three...... of cardiovascular disease through nationwide registers until December 2014. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed including traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors and apolipoprotein E genotype. Gallstone disease was identified in 10% (591/5928) of participants at baseline of whom 6.8% had...... gallstones and 3.2% had cholecystectomy. The study population was followed for a period of 32 years with only 1% lost to follow-up. Gallstone disease was associated with all cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio (HR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.17;1.59]) and to the subgroups coronary artery (HR 1...

Depression, anxiety, and the cardiovascular system: the psychiatrist's perspective.

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Roose, S P

2001-01-01

It is becoming clear that the comorbidity of depression and cardiovascular disease does not occur by chance but rather is an inevitable consequence of the relationship between the conditions. Depression in patients with cardiovascular disease is a significant risk factor for developing symptomatic and fatal ischemic heart disease. Moreover, depressed patients have a higher than expected rate of sudden cardiovascular death. Therefore, appropriate treatment of patients with depression and cardiovascular disease cannot be restricted to considerations of either depression or cardiovascular disease in isolation. The tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have various effects on the cardiovascular system, including Type IA antiarrhythmic activity that has been associated with an increased risk of mortality in post-myocardial infarction patients. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are not associated with adverse cardiac effects. The SSRI paroxetine was compared with a therapeutic level of the TCA nortriptyline in a randomized, controlled study and demonstrated a benign cardiovascular profile, while the TCA induced a significantly higher rate of serious adverse cardiovascular events. On the basis of this favorable cardiovascular profile, the SSRIs should therefore be the preferred choice for the treatment of most patients with comorbid depression and cardiovascular disease. Investigation of putative pathophysiologic mechanisms linking depression and cardiovascular mortality, such as the role of platelet activation, will form the basis for further investigation of antidepressant treatments in order to establish if the antidepressants have a beneficial effect on the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.

KEZKAK: cuestionario bilingüe de estresores de los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas KEZKAK: a new bilingual questionnaire to measure nursing students' stressors in clinical practice

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X. Zupiria Gorostidi

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Construir y validar un cuestionario bilingüe (castellano/euskera para medir los estresores que tienen los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas. Metodos: Se ha partido de las ideas recogidas fundamentalmente en reuniones realizadas con los alumnos. En un primer momento 287 estudiantes de enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería de San Sebastián respondieron a la versión inicial de 55 ítemes y al cuestionario STAI de ansiedad. Tras la depuración por ítem-análisis, se ha obtenido la versión final de 41 ítemes. Algunos de los sujetos respondieron nuevamente la versión final a los 2 meses (n = 198 y a los 6 meses (n = 211. Resultados: El cuestionario presenta una alta consistencia interna (α de Cronbach, 0,95, una fiabilidad considerable (0,72 a los 2 meses y 0,68 a los 6 meses, y una validez concurrente aceptable (0,39 con ansiedad-rasgo. El anαlisis factorial arroja nueve factores que tienen una alta consistencia interna y explican el 64,4% de la varianza. Segϊn esos factores, los principales estresores para los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas se derivan de la falta de competencia (11,2%, del contacto con el sufrimiento (9,1%, de la relación con tutores y compañeros (8,9%, de la impotencia e incertidumbre (7,7%, de no controlar la relación con el enfermo (7,6%, de la implicación emocional (5,8%, de la relación con el enfermo (dañarse en la relación [5,2%] y el enfermo busca una relación íntima [4,6%] y de la sobrecarga (4,3%. Se discuten aspectos metodológicos y prácticos del cuestionario y su utilidad en la planificación pedagógica de futuras enfermeras. Conclusión: El cuestionario KEZKAK es un instrumento útil para medir los estresores de los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas.Objective: To develop a bilingual questionnaire (Basque-Spanish to measure nursing students' stressors in clinical practice. Methods: Ideas were gathered from nursing students

Relative risks for stroke by age, sex, and population based on follow-up of 18 European populations in the MORGAM Project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Asplund, Kjell; Karvanen, Juha; Giampaoli, Simona

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Within the framework of the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project, the variations in impact of classical risk factors of stroke by population, sex, and age were analyzed. METHODS: Follow-up data were collected in 43 cohorts in 18 populations in 8...... European countries surveyed for cardiovascular risk factors. In 93 695 persons aged 19 to 77 years and free of major cardiovascular disease at baseline, total observation years were 1 234 252 and the number of stroke events analyzed was 3142. Hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression analyses....... RESULTS: Each year of age increased the risk of stroke (fatal and nonfatal together) by 9% (95% CI, 9% to 10%) in men and by 10% (9% to 10%) in women. A 10-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure involved a similar increase in risk in men (28%; 24% to 32%) and women (25%; 20% to 29%). Smoking conferred...

The Mediterranean diet, its components, and cardiovascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Widmer, R Jay; Flammer, Andreas J; Lerman, Lilach O; Lerman, Amir

2015-03-01

One of the best-studied diets for cardiovascular health is the Mediterranean diet. This consists of fish, monounsaturated fats from olive oil, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes/nuts, and moderate alcohol consumption. The Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce the burden, or even prevent the development, of cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, depression, colorectal cancer, diabetes, obesity, asthma, erectile dysfunction, and cognitive decline. This diet is also known to improve surrogates of cardiovascular disease, such as waist-to-hip ratio, lipids, and markers of inflammation, as well as primary cardiovascular disease outcomes such as death and events in both observational and randomized controlled trial data. These enhancements easily rival those seen with more established tools used to fight cardiovascular disease such as aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and exercise. However, it is unclear if the Mediterranean diet offers cardiovascular disease benefit from its individual constituents or in aggregate. Furthermore, the potential benefit of the Mediterranean diet or its components is not yet validated by concrete cardiovascular disease endpoints in randomized trials or observational studies. This review will focus on the effects of the whole and parts of the Mediterranean diet with regard to both population-based and experimental data highlighting cardiovascular disease morbidity or mortality and cardiovascular disease surrogates when hard outcomes are not available. Our synthesis will highlight the potential for the Mediterranean diet to act as a key player in cardiovascular disease prevention, and attempt to identify certain aspects of the diet that are particularly beneficial for cardioprotection. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cardiovascular risk prediction in chronic kidney disease patients

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Santiago Cedeño Mora

2017-05-01

Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk scores (FRS-CVD and ASCVD [AHA/ACC 2013] can estimate the probability of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in patients with CKD regardless of renal function, albuminuria and previous cardiovascular events.

Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Cho, L W; Atkin, S L

2007-12-01

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women that has received an immense amount of attention in the recent years due to the possible associated risk of cardiovascular disease. Women with PCOS demonstrate an adverse cardiovascular profile characteristic of the cardiometabolic syndrome and an established risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. Despite the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and increased surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease, it is unclear if they develop accelerated atherosclerosis. This article summarized the recent development and findings of cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS, and finally the therapeutic options will be discussed.

Relationships of different types of event to cardiovascular death in trials of antihypertensive treatment: an aid to definition of total cardiovascular disease risk in hypertension.

Science.gov (United States)

Zambon, Antonella; Arfè, Andrea; Corrao, Giovanni; Zanchetti, Alberto

2014-03-01

Guidelines for management of cardiovascular diseases stratify absolute cardiovascular risk into categories with a high-risk threshold defined at a 20% cardiovascular events risk in 10 years, but it is unclear whether only major events or the Framingham-extended definition should be considered. The 2013 ESH-ESC hypertension guidelines, instead, define cardiovascular risk as a risk of cardiovascular death in 10 years, as in the SCORE model, setting the threshold for high risk at the 5% level. It would be therefore convenient to know the quantitative relationship between the risks of the different outcomes adopted by the different guidelines, especially because some outcome definitions include serious nonfatal cardiovascular events relevant in cardiovascular prevention. We have therefore analysed these relationships in trials of antihypertensive therapy as an aid to defining total cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Sixty-one trials were identified, and 51 retained for analysis of the relationship of cardiovascular death to the incidence of all-cause death, major cardiovascular events and inclusive (Framingham) cardiovascular events. The relationship between cardiovascular death rates and each type of event rates was explored by fitting flexible regression models. The included trials provided 15164 cardiovascular deaths and 1674427 patient-years. The relation of each event rate to cardiovascular death rate was best explained by a model considering the logarithm of each event rate as a dependent variable and the logarithm of cardiovascular death rate as a predictor. Mean patients' age and treatment were also predictors, but to a minor extent. The increase of the incidence rates of all types of events was less steep the higher the CV death rate: the rate ratios of all-cause death to cardiovascular death were 2.2, 1.9 and 1.8 at low-moderate (cardiovascular death hypertensive patients whose cardiovascular death risk is calculated by the SCORE model.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para medir la continuidad asistencial entre niveles desde la perspectiva del usuario: CCAENA Design and validation of a questionnaire to measure continuity between care levels from the user's perspective

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María José Letelier

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un instrumento que permita evaluar la continuidad asistencial entre niveles desde la perspectiva de los usuarios, para ser aplicado en cualquier sistema de salud que provea un continuo de servicios. Métodos: 1 Diseño de un cuestionario para medir la continuidad asistencial, a partir de la revisión de la bibliografía; 2 validación del cuestionario mediante discusión con un grupo de expertos, dos pretests y una prueba piloto en una muestra de 200 usuarios. Se analizaron la comprensibilidad y la validez de contenido del cuestionario, la carga para el entrevistador y la fiabilidad y la validez de constructo de la escala. Resultados: El cuestionario aborda los tres tipos de continuidad asistencial (gestión, información y relación y está dividido en dos apartados complementarios. El primero reconstruye la trayectoria y continuidad para un episodio concreto durante los últimos tres meses. El segundo apartado mide la percepción general de los usuarios sobre la continuidad. Hubo acuerdo entre los expertos en que todas las dimensiones de la continuidad estaban representadas, y los encuestados lo consideraron de fácil comprensión. El tiempo medio de aplicación fue de 33,9min. El valor alfa de Cronbach fue aceptable (>0,7 en todas las subescalas excepto en una, que fue eliminada. Los análisis de correspondencias múltiples mostraron asociación entre aquellos ítems teóricamente relacionados. Conclusiones: Se ha diseñado un cuestionario (CCAENA útil, válido y fiable para evaluar la continuidad asistencial entre niveles de manera integral y desde la perspectiva de los usuarios. Su aplicación en una muestra mayor aportará información adicional acerca de sus propiedades psicométricas.Objectives: To design and validate an instrument that measures continuity between levels of care from the user's perspective to be applied in any healthcare system providing a continuum of care. Methods: 1 A questionnaire for

Prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia in primary care patients at moderate-very high risk of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular risk perception.

Science.gov (United States)

Plana, Nuria; Ibarretxe, Daiana; Cabré, Anna; Ruiz, Emilio; Masana, Lluis

2014-01-01

Atherogenic dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aim to determine atherogenic dyslipidemia prevalence in primary care patients at moderate-very high cardiovascular risk and its associated cardiovascular risk perception in Spain. This cross-sectional study included 1137 primary care patients. Patients had previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, SCORE risk ≥ 3, severe hypertension or dyslipidemia. Atherogenic dyslipidemia was defined as low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL [males], <50 mg/dL [females]) and elevated triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL). A visual analog scale was used to define a perceived cardiovascular disease risk score. Mean age was 63.9 ± 9.7 years (64.6% males). The mean BMI was 29.1 ± 4.3 kg/m(2), and mean waist circumference 104.2 ± 12.7 cm (males), and 97.2 ± 14.0 cm (females). 29.4% were smokers, 76.4% had hypertension, 48.0% were diabetics, 24.7% had previous myocardial infarction, and 17.8% peripheral arterial disease. European guidelines classified 83.6% at very high cardiovascular risk. Recommended HDL-C levels were achieved by 50.1% of patients and 37.3% had triglycerides in the reference range. Target LDL-C was achieved by 8.8%. The overall atherogenic dyslipidemia prevalence was 27.1% (34.1% in diabetics). This prevalence in patients achieving target LDL-C was 21.4%. Cardiovascular risk perceived by patients was 4.3/10, while primary care physicians scored 5.7/10. When LDL-C levels are controlled, atherogenic dyslipidemia is more prevalent in those patients at highest cardiovascular risk and with diabetes. This highlights the importance of intervention strategies to prevent the residual vascular risk in this population. Both patients and physicians underestimated cardiovascular risk. Copyright © 2014 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE LA AGRUPACIÓN (CLUSTERING DE FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR Y EL RIESGO DE ENFERMEDAD CARDIOVASCULAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Miguel Baena Díez

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad en España. El objetivo del estudio es estudiar la asociación entre la agrupación (clustering de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el riesgo de padecer eventos cardiovasculares mayores: cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cerebrovascular y arteriopatía periférica de extremidades inferiores. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado en un centro de salud urbano. Se estudiaron 2.248 historias clínicas de personas con edad igual o superior a 15 años, seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Los datos se obtuvieron por revisión de las historias clínicas, estimando la odds ratio (OR para padecer algún evento cardiovascular (n = 224, cardiopatía isquémica (n = 123, enfermedad cerebrovascular (n = 84 y arteriopatía periférica (n = 55 respecto al número de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se incluyeron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, diabetes y obesidad. La OR fue ajustada por edad y sexo. Resultados: El porcentaje de pacientes con 0,1, 2, 3 y 4-6 factores de riesgo cardiovascular fue de 39,1, 32,8, 17,5, 6,9 y 3,7 respectivamente. Las OR para el riesgo de tener algún evento cardiovascular asociada a 1, 2, 3 y 4-6 factores de riesgo cardiovascular fueron de 1,6 (IC95%: 0,9-2,7, 2,8 (IC95%: 1,7-4,7, 3,6 (IC95%: 1,9-6,5 y 5,6 (IC95%: 2,9-10,8, respectivamente. Las OR para la cardiopatía isquémica, asociada a los mismos niveles de riesgo, fueron de 2,3 (IC95%: 1,1-4,6, 2,5 (IC95%: 1,2-5,2, 5,3 (IC95%: 2,4-11,5 y 6,2 (IC95%: 2,7-14,3, respectivamente. Para la enfermedad cerebrovascular las OR fueron 1,1 (IC95%: 0,5-2,5, 2,3 (IC95%: 1,2-5,3, 2,4 (IC95%: 1,0-5,9 y 5,6 (IC95%: 2,2-14,1, respectivamente. Las OR para la arteriopatía periférica fueron 2,1 (IC95%: 0,8-5,9 , 3,7 (IC95%: 1,3-10,5, 3,3 (IC95%: 1,0-11,1 y 6,1 (IC95%: 1

The Finnish Cardiovascular Study (FINCAVAS): characterising patients with high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nieminen, Tuomo; Turjanmaa, Väinö; Kähönen, Mika; Lehtinen, Rami; Viik, Jari; Lehtimäki, Terho; Niemelä, Kari; Nikus, Kjell; Niemi, Mari; Kallio, Janne; Kööbi, Tiit

2006-01-01

The purpose of the Finnish Cardiovascular Study (FINCAVAS) is to construct a risk profile – using genetic, haemodynamic and electrocardiographic (ECG) markers – of individuals at high risk of cardiovascular diseases, events and deaths. All patients scheduled for an exercise stress test at Tampere University Hospital and willing to participate have been and will be recruited between October 2001 and December 2007. The final number of participants is estimated to reach 5,000. Technically successful data on exercise tests using a bicycle ergometer have been collected of 2,212 patients (1,400 men and 812 women) by the end of 2004. In addition to repeated measurement of heart rate and blood pressure, digital high-resolution ECG at 500 Hz is recorded continuously during the entire exercise test, including the resting and recovery phases. About 20% of the patients are examined with coronary angiography. Genetic variations known or suspected to alter cardiovascular function or pathophysiology are analysed to elucidate the effects and interactions of these candidate genes, exercise and commonly used cardiovascular medications. FINCAVAS compiles an extensive set of data on patient history, genetic variation, cardiovascular parameters, ECG markers as well as follow-up data on clinical events, hospitalisations and deaths. The data enables the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as assessments of the importance of existing markers

Cardiovascular risk factors burden in Saudi Arabia: The Africa Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological (ACE) study.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmed, Amjad M; Hersi, Ahmad; Mashhoud, Walid; Arafah, Mohammed R; Abreu, Paula C; Al Rowaily, Mohammed Abdullah; Al-Mallah, Mouaz H

2017-10-01

Limited data exist on the epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in Saudi Arabia, particularly in relation to the differences between Saudi nationals and expatriates in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this analysis was to describe the current prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among patients attending general practice clinics across Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional epidemiological analysis of the Africa Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological (ACE) study, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, abdominal obesity) was evaluated in adults attending primary care clinics in Saudi Arabia. Group comparisons were made between patients of Saudi ethnicity (SA nationals) and patients who were not of Saudi ethnicity (expatriates). A total of 550 participants were enrolled from different clinics across Saudi Arabia [aged (mean ± standard deviation) 43 ± 11 years; 71% male]. Nearly half of the study cohort (49.8%) had more than three cardiovascular risk factors. Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent risk factor (68.6%). The prevalence of hypertension (47.5%) and dyslipidemia (75.5%) was higher among expatriates when compared with SA nationals (31.4% vs. 55.1%, p  = 0.0003 vs. p  Saudi Arabia. Improving primary care services to focus on risk factor control may ultimately decrease the incidence of coronary artery disease and improve overall quality of life. The ACE trial is registered under NCT01243138.

Sleep apnoea syndromes and the cardiovascular system.

Science.gov (United States)

Pepperell, Justin C

2011-06-01

Management of SAS and cardiovascular disease risk should be closely linked. It is important to screen for cardiovascular disease risk in patients with SAS and vice versa. CSA/CSR may be improved by ventilation strategies in heart failure, but benefit remains to be proven. For OSA, although CPAP may reduce cardiovascular disease risk, its main benefit is symptom control. In the longer-term, CPAP should be used alongside standard cardiovascular risk reduction strategies including robust weight management programmes, with referral for bariatric surgery in appropriate cases. CPAP and NIV should be considered for acute admissions with decompensated cardiac failure.

Twenty-Four-Hour Central Pulse Pressure for Cardiovascular Events Prediction in a Low-Cardiovascular-Risk Population: Results From the Bordeaux Cohort.

Science.gov (United States)

Cremer, Antoine; Boulestreau, Romain; Gaillard, Prune; Lainé, Marion; Papaioannou, Georgios; Gosse, Philippe

2018-02-23

Central blood pressure (BP) is a promising marker to identify subjects with higher cardiovascular risk than expected by traditional risk factors. Significant results have been obtained in populations with high cardiovascular risk, but little is known about low-cardiovascular-risk patients, although the differences between central and peripheral BP (amplification) are usually greater in this population. The study aim was to evaluate central BP over 24 hours for cardiovascular event prediction in hypertensive subjects with low cardiovascular risk. Peripheral and central BPs were recorded during clinical visits and over 24 hours in hypertensive patients with low cardiovascular risk (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation ≤5%). Our primary end point is the occurrence of a cardiovascular event during follow-up. To assess the potential interest in central pulse pressure over 24 hours, we performed Cox proportional hazard models analysis and comparison of area under the curves using the contrast test for peripheral and central BP. A cohort of 703 hypertensive subjects from Bordeaux were included. After the first 24 hours of BP measurement, the subjects were then followed up for an average of 112.5±70 months. We recorded 65 cardiovascular events during follow-up. Amplification was found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular events when added to peripheral 24-hour pulse pressure ( P =0.0259). The area under the curve of 24-hour central pulse pressure is significantly more important than area under the curve of office BP ( P =0.0296), and there is a trend of superiority with the area under the curve of peripheral 24-hour pulse pressure. Central pulse pressure over 24 hours improves the prediction of cardiovascular events for hypertensive patients with low cardiovascular risk compared to peripheral pulse pressure. © 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

Propiedades psicométricas del «Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo» (CESQT en profesionales de la salud italianos: una perspectiva de género

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Pedro R. Gil-Monte

2017-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT en una muestra de profesionales de la salud italianos. La muestra estuvo formada por 695 participantes (453 profesionales de enfermería y 242 médicos. Según el género se identificaron 451 mujeres (64.9% y 244 hombres (35.1%. El CESQT está formado por 20 ítems que se distribuyen en cuatro dimensiones: Ilusión por el trabajo (5 ítems, Desgaste psíquico (4 ítems, Indolencia (6 ítems, y Culpa (5 ítems. La estructura factorial se analizó mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. Todos los ítems presentaron valores adecuados para los parámetros estadísticos y psicométricos, al igual que las cuatro escalas. El modelo de 4 factores que reproduce la estructura original del cuestionario presentó un ajuste adecuado a los datos, con invarianza factorial entre la muestra de hombres y la muestra de mujeres. Se concluye que el CESQT tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para el estudio del síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout en profesionales de la salud italianos con independencia del género de esos profesionales.

Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Kyung Han

2009-01-01

Molecular imaging strives to visualize processes in living subjects at the molecular level. Monitoring biochemical processes at this level will allow us to directly track biological processes and signaling events that lead to pathophysiological abnormalities, and help make personalized medicine a reality by allowing evaluation of therapeutic efficacies on an individual basis. Although most molecular imaging techniques emerged from the field of oncology, they have now gradually gained acceptance by the cardiovascular community. Hence, the availability of dedicated high-resolution small animal imaging systems and specific targeting imaging probes is now enhancing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases and expediting the development of newer therapies. Examples include imaging approaches to evaluate and track the progress of recent genetic and cellular therapies for treatment of myocardial ischemia. Other areas include in vivo monitoring of such key molecular processes as angiogenesis and apoptosis. Cardiovascular molecular imaging is already an important research tool in preclinical experiments. The challenge that lies ahead is to implement these techniques into the clinics so that they may help fulfill the promise of molecular therapies and personalized medicine, as well as to resolve disappointments and controversies surrounding the field

Factor de riesgo suicida según dos cuestionarios, y factores asociados en estudiantes de la universidad nacional de Colombia sede Manizales

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José Jaime Castaño Castrillón

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar el factor de riesgo ( fr suicida según dos cuestionarios y factores asociados que presentan los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacio - nal de Colombia, sede Manizales (Caldas, Colombia en la jornada diurna. Materiales y métodos: La investigación fue de tipo corte transversal; la población estuvo constituida por 255 estudiantes de 3 facultades de la Universidad. Resultados: Prevalen - cia de riesgo suicida: 6,7 %, según Plutchik; 19,7 %, según Beck. Buena funcionalidad familiar: 39,8 %. Depresión ausente: 55,7 %. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el FR suicida, según Plutchik, y factores como el género, el gusto por el metal y la balada, la práctica de un deporte, hacer aeróbicos, la presencia de cuadros depresivos y la funcionali - dad familiar. Según Beck, dichos factores son género musical metal, depresión y funcionalidad familiar. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de riesgo suicida en esta población es inferior a la encontrada en otros estudios en poblaciones similares.

Cardiovascular Disease, Mitochondria, and Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Jie Wang

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Recent studies demonstrated that mitochondria play an important role in the cardiovascular system and mutations of mitochondrial DNA affect coronary artery disease, resulting in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM has been used for thousands of years to treat cardiovascular disease, but it is not yet clear how TCM affects mitochondrial function. By reviewing the interactions between the cardiovascular system, mitochondrial DNA, and TCM, we show that cardiovascular disease is negatively affected by mutations in mitochondrial DNA and that TCM can be used to treat cardiovascular disease by regulating the structure and function of mitochondria via increases in mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, modulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and decreases in mitochondrial ROS. However further research is still required to identify the mechanism by which TCM affects CVD and modifies mitochondrial DNA.

The Modified Bruun Rule Extended for Landward Transport

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-13

Article history : Received 3 January 2013 Received in revised form 24 April 2013 Accepted 28 April 2013 Available online 13 May 2013 Communicated by J.T...profiles in Santa Monica Bay, a. Santa Monica Beach (nourishment in 1947 and 1964); b. Venice Beach (nourishment in 1947 and 1964). Adapted from Leidersdorf...the recent history of Santa Monica Bay. In: Stauble, D.K., Kraus, N.C. (Eds.), Beach Nourishment Engineering and Management Considerations. American

Effect of ionizing radiation on cardiovascular system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Milliat, F.; Benderitter, M.; Gaugler, M.H.

2011-01-01

Radiotherapy treatment for cancer of the chest, mediastinal area or the neck area is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. With the increasing number of cancer patients and the increased treatment efficiency, the number of cancer survivors is increasing exponentially. The cancer survivors live longer and their long-term follow-up must be considered. The cardiovascular toxicity is mainly associated with the treatment of breast cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma and head and neck cancer. Radiation-induced cardiovascular effects are insidious and chronic. Their occurrence is linked to numerous factors including the age of the patient at the beginning of the radiotherapy schedule, the number of years following radiotherapy, the doses (and volume) to the heart and the large vessels (coronary and carotid arteries), and the association with the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear and, even if similarities with age-related atherosclerosis were established, the specificities of the radiation-induced atherosclerosis for high doses remain to be discovered. For low/moderate doses of ionising radiation, recent epidemiological studies provide evidence of increased risk of cardiovascular pathologies. A better knowledge of the mechanisms associated with the radiation-induced cardiovascular pathologies and the more precise identification of the populations at risk in the future should allow a more effective care of these patients with cardiovascular risk. (authors)

Residual generator for cardiovascular anomalies detection

KAUST Repository

Belkhatir, Zehor; Laleg-Kirati, Taous-Meriem; Tadjine, Mohamed

2014-01-01

This paper discusses the possibility of using observer-based approaches for cardiovascular anomalies detection and isolation. We consider a lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system that can be written in a form of nonlinear state

Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Kawano, Yuhei

2010-03-01

Alcohol has complex effects on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this article is to review physio-pathological effects of alcohol on cardiovascular and related systems and to describe its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The relationship between alcohol and hypertension is well known, and a reduction in the alcohol intake is widely recommended in the management of hypertension. Moreover, alcohol has both pressor and depressor actions. The latter actions are clear in Oriental subjects, especially in those who show alcohol flush because of the genetic variation in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Repeated alcohol intake in the evening causes an elevation in daytime and a reduction in nighttime blood pressure (BP), with little change in the average 24-h BP in Japanese men. Thus, the hypertensive effect of alcohol seems to be overestimated by the measurement of casual BP during the day. Heavy alcohol intake seems to increase the risk of several cardiovascular diseases, such as hemorrhagic stroke, arrhythmia and heart failure. On the other hand, alcohol may act to prevent atherosclerosis and to decrease the risk of ischemic heart disease, mainly by increasing HDL cholesterol and inhibiting thrombus formation. A J- or U-shaped relationship has been observed between the level of alcohol intake and risk of cardiovascular mortality and total mortality. It is reasonable to reduce the alcohol intake to less than 30 ml per day for men and 15 ml per day for women in the management of hypertension. As a small amount of alcohol seems to be beneficial, abstinence from alcohol is not recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Education and hypertension: impact on global cardiovascular risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Di Chiara, Tiziana; Scaglione, Alessandra; Corrao, Salvatore; Argano, Christiano; Pinto, Antonio; Scaglione, Rosario

2017-10-01

Improving cardiovascular risk prediction continues to be a major challenge and effective prevention of cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, several studies have recently reported on the role of cardiovascular risk education. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of education on global cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. The study population consisted of 223 consecutive hypertensive outpatients. Their educational status was categorized according to the number of years of formal education as follows: (1) low education (less than 10 years) and (2) medium-high education (10-15 years). In both groups, cardiometabolic comorbidities, global cardiovascular risk and echocardiographic measurements were analysed. Less educated hypertensive subjects were characterized by a significantly higher prevalence of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) (p educated hypertensive subjects. In the same subjects, a significant increase in microalbuminuria (MA) (p education (r = -0.45; p Education was independently (p education may be considered the best predictor of global cardiovascular risk in hypertensives and thus has to be evaluated in the strategies of hypertension and cardiovascular risk management.

Farmacogenómica: Aplicaciones cardiovasculares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Quiñones S., PH.D.

2015-03-01

Este trabajo pretende dar una visión general acerca de farmacogenómica cardiovascular y la posibilidad de utilizar, en la consulta clínica, herramientas genéticas para apoyar la decisión farmacoterapéutica, con el objeto de mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares, un paso hacia la medicina personalizada en Chile.

Gender differences in the effects of cardiovascular drugs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tamargo, Juan; Rosano, G.; Thomas, W

2017-01-01

. A better understanding of these sex-related differences is fundamental to improve the safety and efficacy of cardiovascular drugs and for developing proper individualized cardiovascular therapeutic strategies both in men and women. This review briefly summarize gender differences in the pharmacokinetics......Although sex-specific differences in cardiovascular medicine are well-known, the exact influences of sex on the effect of cardiovascular drugs remain unclear. Women and men differ in body composition and physiology (hormonal influences during the menstrual cycle, menopause and pregnancy...... and pharmacodynamics of cardiovascular drugs and provides recommendations to close the gaps in our understanding of sex-specific differences in drug efficacy and safety....

Top 10 Myths about Cardiovascular Disease

Science.gov (United States)

... Thromboembolism Aortic Aneurysm More Top 10 Myths about Cardiovascular Disease Updated:Mar 16,2018 How much do ... Healthy This content was last reviewed July 2015. Cardiovascular Conditions • Conditions Home • Arrhythmia and Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiac ...

Programa nutricional dirigido a personas con riesgo cardiovascular para prevenir enfermedades cardiovasculares

OpenAIRE

Cano Herrero, Cristina

2013-01-01

El sistema cardiovascular está constituido por el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Su función principal es la de bombear la sangre para transportar el oxigeno y otras sustancias nutritivas hacia los tejidos y eliminar los productos residuales. Cualquier alteración del corazón y de los vasos sanguíneos conlleva a lo que se denomina enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Dentro de esta gran variedad de patologías, las más comunes son la isquemia cardiaca y la enfermedad vasculocerebral (EVC) (1-3)...

Lifestyle dominates cardiovascular risks in Malaysia

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Khalib A. Latiff

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Cardiovascular problem is one of the leading cause of death in Malaysia and now invaded to the sub-urban and rural areas. To prevent and control of this problem, several main risk factors needed to be known and shall be reexamined and ranked according to the priority. The objectives of this research paper was to identify several dominant risk factor related to cardiovascular problem. A cross sectional study was carried out from March 2000 – June 2001 on a total of 8159 rural population aged 18 and above to measure the prevalence of the common cardiovascular risk factors. Those risk factors are systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, obesity index, blood glucose level, smoking, physical activity and mental stress. Overall prevalence of common cardiovascular risk factors were higher, dominated by physical inactivity (65.7%, hypercholesterolemia – TC:HC (62.3%, mental stress (55.5% and obesity (53.7%. Smoking was also high at 49.9% especially among men. However systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension and diabetes mellitus; although increased by age, its prevalence is relatively low at 23.7%, 19.2%, and 6.3% respectively. Cardiovascular risk factors related to lifestyle are much evidenced as compared to risk factors related to the biological influence. Therefore, all initiatives in community health intervention should be mobilized specifically on prevention and control of lifestyle-related risk factors. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 50-6Keywords: cardiovascular problem, community intervention, lifestyle-linked risk factors

Cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with bipolar disorder

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Klumpers, U.M.H.; Boom, K.; Janssen, F.M.G.; Tulen, J.H.M.; Loonen, Anton J. M.

2004-01-01

Background: The mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in bipolar patients is much higher than in the general population. It is unclear whether lithium treatment contributes to this cardiovascular morbidity. Methods: The cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with bipolar disorder on

Riscos cardiovasculares do bloqueio androgênico Riesgos cardiovasculares del bloqueo androgénico Cardiovascular risks of androgen deprivation therapy

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Adriano Freitas Ribeiro

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O adenocarcinoma de próstata é o câncer mais comum no sexo masculino após o câncer de pele. Entre as várias formas de tratamento do câncer de próstata, a terapia de bloqueio androgênico é uma modalidade consagrada nos pacientes com doença metastática ou localmente avançada, que provavelmente resulta em aumento de sobrevida. No entanto, o bloqueio androgênico é causador de uma série de consequências adversas. Complicações como osteoporose, disfunção sexual, ginecomastia, anemia e alterações na composição corporal são bem conhecidas. Recentemente, uma série de complicações metabólicas foi descrita como aumento da circunferência abdominal, resistência à insulina, hiperglicemia, diabete, dislipidemia e síndrome metabólica com consequente aumento do risco de eventos coronarianos e mortalidade cardiovascular nessa população específica. Este artigo de atualização apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica realizada no MEDLINE de toda literatura publicada em inglês no período de 1966 até junho de 2009, com as seguintes palavras-chave: androgen deprivation therapy, androgen supression therapy, hormone treatment, prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome e cardiovascular disease, no intuito de analisar quais seriam os reais riscos cardiovasculares da terapia de deprivação androgênica, também chamada bloqueio androgênico, nos pacientes com câncer de próstata.El adenocarcinoma de próstata es el cáncer más común en el sexo masculino después del cáncer de piel. Entre las varias formas de tratamiento del cáncer de próstata, la terapia de bloqueo androgénico es una modalidad consagrada en los pacientes con enfermedad metastásica o localmente avanzada, que probablemente resulta en aumento de sobrevida. Mientras tanto, el bloqueo androgénico es causante de una serie de consecuencias adversas. Complicaciones como osteoporosis, disfunción sexual, ginecomastia, anemia y alteraciones en la composición corporal son

Comparative cardiovascular safety of dementia medications

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fosbøl, Emil L; Peterson, Eric D; Holm, Ellen

2012-01-01

To compare the cardiovascular safety of currently marketed dementia medications in new users in the United States and Denmark.......To compare the cardiovascular safety of currently marketed dementia medications in new users in the United States and Denmark....

Roadmap for cardiovascular circulation model

Science.gov (United States)

Bradley, Christopher P.; Suresh, Vinod; Mithraratne, Kumar; Muller, Alexandre; Ho, Harvey; Ladd, David; Hellevik, Leif R.; Omholt, Stig W.; Chase, J. Geoffrey; Müller, Lucas O.; Watanabe, Sansuke M.; Blanco, Pablo J.; de Bono, Bernard; Hunter, Peter J.

2016-01-01

Abstract Computational models of many aspects of the mammalian cardiovascular circulation have been developed. Indeed, along with orthopaedics, this area of physiology is one that has attracted much interest from engineers, presumably because the equations governing blood flow in the vascular system are well understood and can be solved with well‐established numerical techniques. Unfortunately, there have been only a few attempts to create a comprehensive public domain resource for cardiovascular researchers. In this paper we propose a roadmap for developing an open source cardiovascular circulation model. The model should be registered to the musculo‐skeletal system. The computational infrastructure for the cardiovascular model should provide for near real‐time computation of blood flow and pressure in all parts of the body. The model should deal with vascular beds in all tissues, and the computational infrastructure for the model should provide links into CellML models of cell function and tissue function. In this work we review the literature associated with 1D blood flow modelling in the cardiovascular system, discuss model encoding standards, software and a model repository. We then describe the coordinate systems used to define the vascular geometry, derive the equations and discuss the implementation of these coupled equations in the open source computational software OpenCMISS. Finally, some preliminary results are presented and plans outlined for the next steps in the development of the model, the computational software and the graphical user interface for accessing the model. PMID:27506597

The cardiovascular system after exercise

Science.gov (United States)

Romero, Steven A.; Minson, Christopher T.

2017-01-01

Recovery from exercise refers to the time period between the end of a bout of exercise and the subsequent return to a resting or recovered state. It also refers to specific physiological processes or states occurring after exercise that are distinct from the physiology of either the exercising or the resting states. In this context, recovery of the cardiovascular system after exercise occurs across a period of minutes to hours, during which many characteristics of the system, even how it is controlled, change over time. Some of these changes may be necessary for long-term adaptation to exercise training, yet some can lead to cardiovascular instability during recovery. Furthermore, some of these changes may provide insight into when the cardiovascular system has recovered from prior training and is physiologically ready for additional training stress. This review focuses on the most consistently observed hemodynamic adjustments and the underlying causes that drive cardiovascular recovery and will highlight how they differ following resistance and aerobic exercise. Primary emphasis will be placed on the hypotensive effect of aerobic and resistance exercise and associated mechanisms that have clinical relevance, but if left unchecked, can progress to symptomatic hypotension and syncope. Finally, we focus on the practical application of this information to strategies to maximize the benefits of cardiovascular recovery, or minimize the vulnerabilities of this state. We will explore appropriate field measures, and discuss to what extent these can guide an athlete’s training. PMID:28153943

Residual generator for cardiovascular anomalies detection

KAUST Repository

Belkhatir, Zehor

2014-06-01

This paper discusses the possibility of using observer-based approaches for cardiovascular anomalies detection and isolation. We consider a lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system that can be written in a form of nonlinear state-space representation. We show that residuals that are sensitive to variations in some cardiovascular parameters and to abnormal opening and closure of the valves, can be generated. Since the whole state is not easily available for measurement, we propose to associate the residual generator to a robust extended kalman filter. Numerical results performed on synthetic data are provided.

Thyroid disease and the cardiovascular system.

Science.gov (United States)

Danzi, Sara; Klein, Irwin

2014-06-01

Thyroid hormones, specifically triiodothyronine (T3), have significant effects on the heart and cardiovascular system. Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, subclinical thyroid disease, and low T3 syndrome each cause cardiac and cardiovascular abnormalities through both genomic and nongenomic effects on cardiac myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. In compromised health, such as occurs in heart disease, alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism may further impair cardiac and cardiovascular function. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease may benefit from including analysis of thyroid hormone status, including serum total T3 levels. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lipid measures and cardiovascular disease prediction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Wijk, D.F.; Stroes, E.S.G.; Kastelein, J.J.P.

2009-01-01

Traditional lipid measures are the cornerstone of risk assessment and treatment goals in cardiovascular prevention. Whereas the association between total, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk has been generally acknowledged, the rather poor capacity to distinguish between patients

Determinants of cardiovascular risk in current rheumatic practice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meek, I.L.

2014-01-01

The aim of this thesis was to study cardiovascular risk in arthritis: Firstly, how do different rheumatic diseases compare in the patients’ traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factor profiles, and does this justify the general focus on rheumatoid arthritis regarding cardiovascular complications in

Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo 2005: resultados principales. Prevalencia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Ferrante

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Hasta el momento no contábamos con estimaciones a nivel nacional de los principales factores de riesgo de morbimortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares que permitieran una estrategia de promoción y prevención primaria. En el marco del desarrollo de políticas de salud pública, el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación inició las actividades para la realización de la primera “Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo”. ObjetivosDescribir la prevalencia de los principales factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la Argentina y su asociación con características sociodemográficas.Material y métodosDesde el 12 marzo y hasta el 17 de junio de 2005 se llevó a cabo la primera Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado previamente para la Argentina, propuesto por la OPS y la OMS. La muestra fue probabilística, a nivel de viviendas, con representatividad nacional y provincial. Criterio de inclusión: población adulta (18 años y más. Se obtuvieron los principales indicadores de prevalencia de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de los CDC, se evaluaron asociaciones entre características sociodemográficas y se estimó la frecuencia de control de presión arterial y colesterol.ResultadosSe realizaron 41.392 encuestas, con una tasa de respuesta del 86,7%. Los principales indicadores a nivel nacional fueron: baja actividad física 46,2%, consumo de tabaco 33,4% 18 a 64 años y 29,7% en adultos, presión arterial elevada 34,4% (en personas que se controlaron,sobrepeso-obesidad 49,1%, bajo consumo de frutas y verduras 35,3%, diabetes 11,9%(en personas que se controlaron, colesterol elevado 27,8% (en personas que se controlaron,consumo de alcohol de riesgo 9,6%. Para casi todos los factores de riesgo evaluados se observó mayor prevalencia en la población de menores ingresos, con necesidades básicas insatisfechas y menor nivel educativo. Se observaron prevalencias significativas tambi

Psoriasis and cardiovascular events

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Raaby, Line; Ahlehoff, Ole; de Thurah, Annette

2017-01-01

So far, systematic reviews have suggested an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in psoriatic patients, though some results have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to update the current level of evidence through a systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central...... Register databases. In total, 13 high-quality observational studies estimating the incidence of CVD were included. Patients with mild psoriasis had an increased risk of stroke [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.0-1.19] and myocardial infarction (MI) (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35), but not cardiovascular...... death. The risks of both stroke (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20-1.60), MI (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.18-2.43) and cardiovascular death (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.13-1.67) were increased in patients with severe psoriasis. In conclusion, this updated meta-analysis confirmed that patients with psoriasis have an increased...

Tea and Cardiovascular Disease

Science.gov (United States)

Deka, Apranta; Vita, Joseph A.

2011-01-01

There is increasing evidence for a protective effect of tea consumption against cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the available epidemiological data providing evidence for and against such an effect. We also review observational and intervention studies that investigated an effect of tea and tea extracts on cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure, serum lipids, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Finally, we review potential mechanisms of benefit, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-proliferative effects, as well as favorable effects on endothelial function. Overall, the observational data suggest a benefit, but results are mixed and likely confounded by lifestyle and background dietary factors. The weight of evidence indicates favorable effects on risk factors and a number of plausible mechanisms have been elucidated in experimental and translational human studies. Despite the growing body evidence, it remains uncertain whether tea consumption should be recommended to the general population or to patients as a strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk. PMID:21477653

The influence of depression on risk development of acute cardiovascular diseases in the female population aged 25–64 in Russia

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Valery V. Gafarov

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Background. Recent studies showed that depression was an independent predictor of mortality from cardio-vascular disease in healthy women. Objective. To explore the effect of depression (D on relative risk (RR of myocardial infarction (MI and stroke for 16 years (1995–2010 in the female population aged 25–64 years from Novosibirsk, Russia. Materials and methods. Under the third screening of the WHO “MONICA-psychosocial” (MOPSY programme, a cohort of women aged 25–64 years (N=560 was surveyed. Women were followed for 16 years for the incidence of MI and stroke (1995–2010. D was measured at the baseline examination by means of test “MOPSY”. Participants having stroke, MI, arterial hypertension, coronary artery diseases and diabetes in their medical history at the baseline were excluded from this analysis. Results. The prevalence of D in women aged 25–64 years was 55.2%. With the growth of D levels, positive self-rated health reduced and almost 100% of those women have complaints about their health, but considered the care of their health insufficient. Women with major D significantly extended negative behavioural habits: smoking and unsuccessful attempts to give up, low physical activity, and less likely to follow a diet (healthy food. Major D associated with high job strain and family stress. Relative risk (RR of MI development in women with D during 16 years of study was higher in 2.53 cases (p<0.05 and risk of stroke was higher in 4.63 cases (p<0.05. Conclusions. The prevalence of D in women aged 25–64 years was >50%. Women with D had a 2.53-fold risk of MI and 4.63-fold risk of stroke during the 16 years of follow-up.

Cognitive dysfunction after cardiovascular surgery

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Funder, K S; Steinmetz, J; Rasmussen, L S

2009-01-01

This review describes the incidence, risk factors, and long-term consequences of cognitive dysfunction after cardiovascular surgery. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is increasingly being recognized as an important complication, especially in the elderly. A highly sensitive neuropsychol......This review describes the incidence, risk factors, and long-term consequences of cognitive dysfunction after cardiovascular surgery. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is increasingly being recognized as an important complication, especially in the elderly. A highly sensitive...... neuropsychological test battery must be used to detect POCD and a well-matched control group is very useful for the analysis and interpretation of the test RESULTS: Cardiovascular surgery is associated with a high incidence of POCD. Cardiopulmonary bypass was thought to explain this difference, but randomized...

Cardiovascular Disease and Thyroid Function

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Faber, Jens; Selmer, Christian

2014-01-01

Thyroid function has a profound effect on the heart, and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates are increased in hyperthyroidism. New-onset atrial fibrillation carries a prolonged risk for the development of hyperthyroidism, suggesting altered availability of thyroid hormones at the ce......Thyroid function has a profound effect on the heart, and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates are increased in hyperthyroidism. New-onset atrial fibrillation carries a prolonged risk for the development of hyperthyroidism, suggesting altered availability of thyroid hormones...... at the cellular level. Subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with increased left ventricular mass of the heart, which reverts after obtaining euthyroidism. Mortality and risk of major cardiovascular events are increased. Subclinical hypothyroidism is also associated with subtle changes in the heart, e.g. its...

Improving clinical trials for cardiovascular diseases: a position paper from the Cardiovascular Round Table of the European Society of Cardiology.

Science.gov (United States)

Jackson, Neville; Atar, Dan; Borentain, Maria; Breithardt, Günter; van Eickels, Martin; Endres, Matthias; Fraass, Uwe; Friede, Tim; Hannachi, Hakima; Janmohamed, Salim; Kreuzer, Jörg; Landray, Martin; Lautsch, Dominik; Le Floch, Chantal; Mol, Peter; Naci, Huseyin; Samani, Nilesh J; Svensson, Anders; Thorstensen, Cathrine; Tijssen, Jan; Vandzhura, Victoria; Zalewski, Andrew; Kirchhof, Paulus

2016-03-01

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in the world, but the pharmaceutical industry's willingness to invest in this field has declined because of the many challenges involved with bringing new cardiovascular drugs to market, including late-stage failures, escalating regulatory requirements, bureaucracy of the clinical trial business enterprise, and limited patient access after approval. This contrasts with the remaining burden of cardiovascular disease in Europe and in the world. Thus, clinical cardiovascular research needs to adapt to address the impact of these challenges in order to ensure development of new cardiovascular medicines. The present paper is the outcome of a two-day workshop held by the Cardiovascular Round Table of the European Society of Cardiology. We propose strategies to improve development of effective new cardiovascular therapies. These can include (i) the use of biomarkers to describe patients who will benefit from new therapies more precisely, achieving better human target validation; (ii) targeted, mechanism-based approaches to drug development for defined populations; (iii) the use of information technology to simplify data collection and follow-up in clinical trials; (iv) streamlining adverse event collection and reducing monitoring; (v) extended patent protection or limited rapid approval of new agents to motivate investment in early phase development; and (vi) collecting data needed for health technology assessment continuously throughout the drug development process (before and after approval) to minimize delays in patient access. Collaboration across industry, academia, regulators, and payers will be necessary to enact change and to unlock the existing potential for cardiovascular clinical drug development. A coordinated effort involving academia, regulators, industry, and payors will help to foster better and more effective conduct of clinical cardiovascular trials, supporting earlier

Desarrollo y Validación del Cuestionario para la Evaluación de la Calidad Percibida en Servicios Deportivos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Gálvez Ruiz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Calidad Percibida en Servicios Deportivos. Para ello se realizaron tres estudios diferentes con una muestra total de 867 usuarios (426 hombres y 431 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 81 años. Los resultados mostraron que el instrumento presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. El índice de discriminación de los ítems mostró valores superiores a .40 y el nivel de consistencia interna fue adecuado en todas las subescalas ( > 0,75. El análisis de componentes principales mostró una solución estable compuesta por once factores, que explicaban más del 50% de la varianza en cada una. Los índices de bondad de ajuste para el modelo obtenido y puesto a prueba mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio fueron adecuados. Además, esta estructura dimensional se mostró invariante en función del género, mostrando equivalencia factorial y métrica. Futuros estudios deberían aplicarse a servicios de naturaleza y titularidad diferente, así como examinar la invarianza de medición en otras culturas.

Pharmacogenomics and cardiovascular disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Weeke, Peter; Roden, Dan M

2013-01-01

Variability in drug responsiveness is a sine qua non of modern therapeutics, and the contribution of genomic variation is increasingly recognized. Investigating the genomic basis for variable responses to cardiovascular therapies has been a model for pharmacogenomics in general and has established...... resulted in changes to the product labels but also have led to development of initial clinical guidelines that consider how to facilitate incorporating genetic information to the bedside. This review summarizes the state of knowledge in cardiovascular pharmacogenomics and considers how variants described...

Genetic influences on cardiovascular stress reactivity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wu, Ting; Snieder, Harold; de Geus, Eco

Individual differences in the cardiovascular response to stress play a central role in the reactivity hypothesis linking frequent exposure to psychosocial stress to adverse outcomes in cardiovascular health. To assess the importance of genetic factors, a meta-analysis was performed on all published

The Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team performance indicators for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a modified Delphi panel study.

Science.gov (United States)

Tu, Jack V; Maclagan, Laura C; Ko, Dennis T; Atzema, Clare L; Booth, Gillian L; Johnston, Sharon; Tu, Karen; Lee, Douglas S; Bierman, Arlene; Hall, Ruth; Bhatia, R Sacha; Gershon, Andrea S; Tobe, Sheldon W; Sanmartin, Claudia; Liu, Peter; Chu, Anna

2017-04-25

High-quality ambulatory care can reduce cardiovascular disease risk, but important gaps exist in the provision of cardiovascular preventive care. We sought to develop a set of key performance indicators that can be used to measure and improve cardiovascular care in the primary care setting. As part of the Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team initiative, we established a 14-member multidisciplinary expert panel to develop a set of indicators for measuring primary prevention performance in ambulatory cardiovascular care. We used a 2-stage modified Delphi panel process to rate potential indicators, which were identified from the literature and national cardiovascular organizations. The top-rated indicators were pilot tested to determine their measurement feasibility with the use of data routinely collected in the Canadian health care system. A set of 28 indicators of primary prevention performance were identified, which were grouped into 5 domains: risk factor prevalence, screening, management, intermediate outcomes and long-term outcomes. The indicators reflect the major cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation. All indicators were determined to be amenable to measurement with the use of population-based administrative (physician claims, hospital admission, laboratory, medication), survey or electronic medical record databases. The Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team indicators of primary prevention performance provide a framework for the measurement of cardiovascular primary prevention efforts in Canada. The indicators may be used by clinicians, researchers and policy-makers interested in measuring and improving the prevention of cardiovascular disease in ambulatory care settings. Copyright 2017, Joule Inc. or its licensors.

Discontinued drugs in 2012: cardiovascular drugs.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Hong-Ping; Jiang, Hong-Min; Xiang, Bing-Ren

2013-11-01

The continued high rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has attracted wide concern and great attention of pharmaceutical industry. In order to reduce the attrition of cardiovascular drug R&D, it might be helpful recapitulating previous failures and identifying the potential factors to success. This perspective mainly analyses the 30 cardiovascular drugs dropped from clinical development in 2012. Reasons causing the termination of the cardiovascular drugs in the past 5 years are also tabulated and analysed. The analysis shows that the attrition is highest in Phase II trials and financial and strategic factors and lack of clinical efficacy are the principal reasons for these disappointments. To solve the four problems (The 'better than the Beatles' problem, the 'cautious regulator' problem, the 'throw money at it' tendency and the 'basic researchbrute force' bias) is recommended as the main measure to increase the number and quality of approvable products.

Cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients Evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular en hipertensos Avaliação do risco cardiovascular em hipertensos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elaine Amaral de Paula

2013-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: to assess cardiovascular risk by means of the traditional Framingham score and the version modified through the incorporation of emerging risk factors, such as family history of acute myocardial infarction, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. METHOD: participants were 50 hypertensive patients under outpatient treatment. The clinical data were collected through a semi-structured interview and the laboratory data from patients' histories. RESULTS: it was verified that the traditional Framingham score was predominantly low (74%, with 14% showing medium risk and 12% high risk. After the inclusion of emerging risk factors, the chance of a coronary event was low in 22% of the cases, medium in 56% and high in 22%. CONCLUSIONS: the comparison between the traditional Framingham risk score and the modified version demonstrated a significant difference in the cardiovascular risk classification, whose correlation shows discreet agreement between the two scales. Lifestyle elements seem to play a determinant role in the increase in cardiovascular risk levels. OBJETIVO: evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular utilizando el puntaje de Framingham tradicional y el modificado por la incorporación de factores de riesgo emergentes como historia familiar de infarto agudo del miocardio, síndrome metabólico y enfermedad renal crónica. MÉTODO: participaron 50 hipertensos que hacen tratamiento en ambulatorio. Los datos clínicos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevista semiestructurada y los de laboratorio fueron obtenidos de fichas. RESULTADOS: se verificó que el puntaje de Framingham tradicional fue predominantemente bajo (74%, 14% presentó riesgo medio y 12% riesgo alto. Tras la inclusión de factores de riesgo emergentes, la probabilidad de ocurrir un evento coronario fue baja en 22% de los casos, media en 56% y alta en 22% de los casos. CONCLUSIONES: la comparación entre el puntaje de riesgo de Framingham tradicional y el modificado demostr

Cardiovascular calcification. An inflammatory disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

New, S.E.P.; Aikawa, E.

2011-01-01

Cardiovascular calcification is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This disease of dysregulated metabolism is no longer viewed as a passive degenerative disease, but instead as an active process triggered by pro-inflammatory cues. Furthermore, a positive feedback loop of calcification and inflammation is hypothesized to drive disease progression in arterial calcification. Both calcific aortic valve disease and atherosclerotic arterial calcification may possess similar underlying mechanisms. Early histopathological studies first highlighted the contribution of inflammation to cardiovascular calcification by demonstrating the accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes in 'early' lesions within the aortic valves and arteries. A series of in vitro work followed, which gave a mechanistic insight into the stimulation of smooth muscle cells to undergo osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. The emergence of novel technology, in the form of animal models and more recently molecular imaging, has enabled accelerated progression of this field, by providing strong evidence regarding the concept of this disorder as an inflammatory disease. Although there are still gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms behind this disorder, this review discusses the various studies that have helped form the concept of the inflammation-dependent cardiovascular calcification paradigm. (author)

NKT cells in cardiovascular diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

van Puijvelde, Gijs H M; Kuiper, Johan

2017-12-05

Despite life-style advice and the prescription of cholesterol-lowering and anti-thrombotic drugs, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies focussing on atherosclerosis, the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular diseases characterized by an accumulation of lipids in an inflamed arterial/vessel wall. CD1d-restricted lipid-sensing natural killer T (NKT) cells, bridging the innate and adaptive immunity, and CD1d-expressing antigen-presenting cells are detected in atherosclerotic lesions of mice and humans. In this review we will summarize studies that point to a critical role for NKT cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases by the secretion of pro-atherogenic cytokines and cytotoxins. These pro-atherogenic NKT cells are potential targets for new therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, proteins transferring lipids during atherosclerosis, which are also important in the loading of lipids onto CD1d and possible endogenous ligands responsible for the activation of NKT cells during atherosclerosis will be discussed. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Animal models of cardiovascular diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Zaragoza, Carlos; Gomez-Guerrero, Carmen; Martin-Ventura, Jose Luis; Blanco-Colio, Luis; Lavin, Begoña; Mallavia, Beñat; Tarin, Carlos; Mas, Sebastian; Ortiz, Alberto; Egido, Jesus

2011-01-01

Cardiovascular diseases are the first leading cause of death and morbidity in developed countries. The use of animal models have contributed to increase our knowledge, providing new approaches focused to improve the diagnostic and the treatment of these pathologies. Several models have been developed to address cardiovascular complications, including atherothrombotic and cardiac diseases, and the same pathology have been successfully recreated in different species, including small and big animal models of disease. However, genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in cardiovascular pathophysiology, making difficult to match a particular disease, with a single experimental model. Therefore, no exclusive method perfectly recreates the human complication, and depending on the model, additional considerations of cost, infrastructure, and the requirement for specialized personnel, should also have in mind. Considering all these facts, and depending on the budgets available, models should be selected that best reproduce the disease being investigated. Here we will describe models of atherothrombotic diseases, including expanding and occlusive animal models, as well as models of heart failure. Given the wide range of models available, today it is possible to devise the best strategy, which may help us to find more efficient and reliable solutions against human cardiovascular diseases.

Asociación de la neuropatía autonómica cardiovascular y el intervalo QT prolongado con la morbimortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Association of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and prolonged QT interval with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ray Ticse Aguirre

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar la relación entre la neuropatía autonómica cardiovascular (NACV y el intervalo QT corregido (QTc con la morbimortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, se realizó el seguimiento a 5 años de 67 pacientes que acudieron a consulta externa del Servicio de Endocrinología. Se presentaron eventos cardiovasculares en 16 pacientes; el 82% completó el seguimiento y se encontró que el intervalo QTc prolongado fue la única variable que se asoció de forma significativa a morbimortalidad cardiovascular en el análisis de regresión logística múltiple (RR: 13,56; IC 95%: 2,01-91,36 (p=0,0074.In order to evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and corrected QT interval (QTc with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we followed up for 5 years 67 patients attending the outpatient Endocrinology Service. 82% completed follow-up and cardiovascular events occurred in 16 patients. We found that long QTc interval was the only variable significantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the multiple logistic regression analysis (RR: 13.56, 95% CI: 2.01-91.36 (p = 0.0074.

Knowledge of cardiovascular disease in Turkish undergraduate nursing students.

Science.gov (United States)

Badir, Aysel; Tekkas, Kader; Topcu, Serpil

2015-10-01

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. However, there is not enough data exploring student nurses' understanding, knowledge, and awareness of cardiovascular disease. To investigate knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among undergraduate nursing students, with an emphasis on understanding of cardiovascular disease as the primary cause of mortality and morbidity, both in Turkey and worldwide. This cross-sectional survey assessed 1138 nursing students enrolled in nursing schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected using the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) scale and questions from the Individual Characteristics Form about students' gender, age, level of education, and family cardiovascular health history, as well as smoking and exercise habits. Respondents demonstrated a high level of knowledge about cardiovascular disease, with years of education (p healthy, they could improve their practice of health-promoting behaviors. © The European Society of Cardiology 2014.

42 CFR 410.17 - Cardiovascular disease screening tests.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cardiovascular disease screening tests. 410.17... § 410.17 Cardiovascular disease screening tests. (a) Definition. For purposes of this subpart, the... Part B covers cardiovascular disease screening tests when ordered by the physician who is treating the...

Improving risk stratification for cardiovascular disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Wijk, Diederik F.; Boekholdt, S. Matthijs

2010-01-01

Evaluation of: Heslop CL, Frohlich JJ, Hill JS. Myeloperoxidase and C-reactive protein have combined utility for long-term prediction of cardiovascular mortality after coronary angiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55(11), 1102-1109 (2010). Identifying people at high risk of cardiovascular events is

Depression: risk factor for cardiovascular disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuehl, L.K.; Penninx, B.W.J.H.; Otte, C.

2012-01-01

Major depression is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. In patients with existing cardiovascular disease, major depression has a large impact on the quality of life and is associated with a poor course and prognosis. Potential mechanisms responsible for this

[Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular system].

Science.gov (United States)

Límanová, Zdeňka; Jiskra, Jan

Cardiovascular system is essentially affected by thyroid hormones by way of their genomic and non-genomic effects. Untreated overt thyroid dysfunction is associated with higher cardiovascular risk. Although it has been studied more than 3 decades, in subclinical thyroid dysfunction the negative effect on cardiovascular system is much more controversial. Large meta-analyses within last 10 years have shown that subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with higher cardiovascular risk than subclinical hypothyroidism. Conversely, in patients of age > 85 years subclinical hypothyroidism was linked with lower mortality. Therefore, subclinical hyperthyroidism should be rather treated in the elderly while subclinical hypothyroidism in the younger patients and the older may be just followed. An important problem on the border of endocrinology and cardiology is amiodarone thyroid dysfunction. Effective and safe treatment is preconditioned by distinguishing of type 1 and type 2 amiodarone induced hyperthyroidism. The type 1 should be treated with methimazol, therapeutic response is prolonged, according to recent knowledge immediate discontinuation of amiodarone is not routinely recommended and patient should be usually prepared to total thyroidectomy, or rather rarely 131I radioiodine ablation may be used if there is appropriate accumulation. In the type 2 there is a promt therapeutic response on glucocorticoids (within 1-2 weeks) with permanent remission or development of hypothyroidism. If it is not used for life-threatening arrhytmias, amiodarone may be discontinuated earlier (after several weeks). Amiodarone induced hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine without amiodarone interruption.Key words: amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction - atrial fibrillation - cardiovascular risk - heart failure - hyperthyroidism - hypothyroidism - thyroid stimulating hormone.

Sex steroids and cardiovascular disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bu Beng Yeap

2014-04-01

Full Text Available As men grow older, testosterone (T levels decline and the significance of this change is debated. The evidence supporting a causal role for lower circulating T, or its metabolites dihydrotestosterone (DHT and estradiol, in the genesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD in men is limited. Observational studies associate low baseline T levels with carotid atherosclerosis, aortic and peripheral vascular disease, and with the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. Studies using mass spectrometry suggest that when total T is assayed optimally, calculation of free T might not necessarily improve risk stratification. There is limited evidence to support an association of estradiol with CVD. Interventional studies of T therapy in men with coronary artery disease have shown beneficial effects on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. However, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials (RCTs of T therapy in men with the prespecified outcomes of cardiovascular events or deaths are lacking. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of T published up to 2010 found no increase in cardiovascular events, mortality, or prostate cancer with therapy. Recently, in a trial of older men with mobility limitations, men randomized to receive a substantial dose of T reported cardiovascular adverse effects. This phenomenon was not reported from a comparable trial where men received a more conservative dose of T, suggesting a prudent approach should be adopted when considering therapy in frail older men with existing CVD. Adequately powered RCTs of T in middle-aged and older men are needed to clarify whether or not hormonal intervention would reduce the incidence of CVD.

Sex steroids and cardiovascular disease

Science.gov (United States)

Yeap, Bu Beng

2014-01-01

As men grow older, testosterone (T) levels decline and the significance of this change is debated. The evidence supporting a causal role for lower circulating T, or its metabolites dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol, in the genesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men is limited. Observational studies associate low baseline T levels with carotid atherosclerosis, aortic and peripheral vascular disease, and with the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. Studies using mass spectrometry suggest that when total T is assayed optimally, calculation of free T might not necessarily improve risk stratification. There is limited evidence to support an association of estradiol with CVD. Interventional studies of T therapy in men with coronary artery disease have shown beneficial effects on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. However, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of T therapy in men with the prespecified outcomes of cardiovascular events or deaths are lacking. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of T published up to 2010 found no increase in cardiovascular events, mortality, or prostate cancer with therapy. Recently, in a trial of older men with mobility limitations, men randomized to receive a substantial dose of T reported cardiovascular adverse effects. This phenomenon was not reported from a comparable trial where men received a more conservative dose of T, suggesting a prudent approach should be adopted when considering therapy in frail older men with existing CVD. Adequately powered RCTs of T in middle-aged and older men are needed to clarify whether or not hormonal intervention would reduce the incidence of CVD. PMID:24407188

Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hellsten, Ylva; Nyberg, Michael

2016-01-01

Aerobic exercise training leads to cardiovascular changes that markedly increase aerobic power and lead to improved endurance performance. The functionally most important adaptation is the improvement in maximal cardiac output which is the result of an enlargement in cardiac dimension, improved...... and peripheral cardiovascular adaptations with a focus on humans, but also covers animal data. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1-32, 2016....

National differences in screening programmes for cardiovascular risks could obstruct understanding of cardiovascular prevention studies in Europe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thio, S.L.; Twickler, T.B.; Cramer, M.J.; Giral, P.

2011-01-01

Introduction In North-West Europe, cardiovascular disease is still a major cause of death and despite several efforts (e.g. European guidelines and conferences) cardiovascular risk factors are still inconsistently diagnosed and treated. Methods We evaluated the first consultations of patients in two

Effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

James, W Philip T; Caterson, Ian D; Coutinho, Walmir

2010-01-01

The long-term effects of sibutramine treatment on the rates of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death among subjects at high cardiovascular risk have not been established.......The long-term effects of sibutramine treatment on the rates of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death among subjects at high cardiovascular risk have not been established....

Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Green, A.; Sortso, C.; Jensen, Peter Bjødstrup

2016-01-01

We present an investigation of the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes in Denmark 2000 through 2011. The Diabetes Impact Study 2013 is based on all registrants in the Danish National Diabetes Register as of July 3rd 2013 (n=497,232). Record linkage with the Danish...... National Patient Register was used to defining the first date of experiencing a cardiovascular event by means of a discharge diagnosis and/or having performed a coronary bypass operation or revascularization of the coronary arteries. The proportion of patients with already established CVD at the diagnosis...

The paradox of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular risk

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2014-06-03

Jun 3, 2014 ... Weight loss to reduce cardiovascular risk is encouraged in both healthy overweight individuals and those at high cardiovascular risk ... cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure, lipid profile and blood glucose control, but also with a reduction ..... women, normal weight obesity (body fat >3 3.3% vs.

Detection of Cardiovascular Anomalies: An Observer-Based Approach

KAUST Repository

Ledezma, Fernando

2012-07-01

In this thesis, a methodology for the detection of anomalies in the cardiovascular system is presented. The cardiovascular system is one of the most fascinating and complex physiological systems. Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases constitute one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. For instance, an estimate of 17.3 million people died in 2008 from cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, many studies have been devoted to modeling the cardiovascular system in order to better understand its behavior and find new reliable diagnosis techniques. The lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system proposed in [1] is restructured using a hybrid systems approach in order to include a discrete input vector that represents the influence of the mitral and aortic valves in the different phases of the cardiac cycle. Parting from this model, a Taylor expansion around the nominal values of a vector of parameters is conducted. This expansion serves as the foundation for a component fault detection process to detect changes in the physiological parameters of the cardiovascular system which could be associated with cardiovascular anomalies such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm, high blood pressure, etc. An Extended Kalman Filter is used in order to achieve a joint estimation of the state vector and the changes in the considered parameters. Finally, a bank of filters is, as in [2], used in order to detect the appearance of heart valve diseases, particularly stenosis and regurgitation. The first numerical results obtained are presented.

Acute lung injury induces cardiovascular dysfunction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Suda, Koichi; Tsuruta, Masashi; Eom, Jihyoun

2011-01-01

Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with systemic inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction. IL-6 is a biomarker of this systemic response and a predictor of cardiovascular events, but its possible causal role is uncertain. Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists (ICS/LABA) down-r...

[Ischemic stroke. Prevalence of cardiovascular causes documented by an extensive cardiovascular workup in 110 patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Bendriss, L; Khatouri, A

2012-08-01

The ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (I CVA) correspond to a pathology widely dominated by atherosclerosis and embolic cardiopathies. Our work aimed to determine the frequency of the cardiovascular diseases among the patients who were previously victims of an I CVA and the interest of the cardiovascular assessment in the etiologic inquest. We led a retrospective study in the cardiology service of the Avicenne military hospital of Marrakech about 110 cases of I CVA between January 2005 and August 2008. The electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter ECG, transthoracic echocardiography and Doppler echography of the cervical vessels were systematically made for all the patients. The transesophageal echocardiography was practice in a few patients. The average age of the patients was 60.8 years old (±12.14) with a male predominance (72%). Ninety-one percent of the patients presented at least one cardiovascular risk factor: hypertension (66.45%), diabetes (41.8%), smoking (35.45%). Cardiovascular antecedents were noted among 18.2% of the patients, the continuous atrial fibrillation comes first (9%). A carotid atheromatous excess was noted in 74 cases of which 24 with a significant plaque. The transesophageal echocardiography made to 13 patients showed a spontaneous echo contrast with a left atrial thrombus in four cases and a left atrial myxoma in one patient. Penetrating artery disease occupies 39%, large artery atherosclerosis 28% and cardiogenic stroke 18%. The cardiovascular assessment is indispensable, and the echocardiography is more interesting in presence of cardiopathy. Its therapeutic repercussion is modest. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier SAS.

Intensive glycemic control and cardiovascular disease: an update.

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Brown, Aparna; Reynolds, L Raymond; Bruemmer, Dennis

2010-07-01

Cardiovascular complications constitute the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) provided consistent evidence that intensive glycemic control prevents the development and progression of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, whether intensive glucose lowering also prevents macrovascular disease and major cardiovascular events remains unclear. Extended follow-up of participants in these studies demonstrated that intensive glycemic control reduced the long-term incidence of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular disease. By contrast, the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial, and Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) results suggested that intensive glycemic control to near normoglycemia had either no, or potentially even a detrimental, effect on cardiovascular outcomes. This article discusses the effects of intensive glycemic control on cardiovascular disease, and examines key differences in the design of these trials that might have contributed to their disparate findings. Recommendations from the current joint ADA, AHA, and ACCF position statement on intensive glycemic control and prevention of cardiovascular disease are highlighted.

Evaluación de la estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Valores Interpersonales (SIV

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César Merino Soto

2013-09-01

Full Text Available El artículo evalúa la estructura factorial bajo los efectos del método ipsativo de respuesta, estudiados en el nivel de las subescalas del Cuestionario de Valores Interpersonales de Gordon (SIV, y las relaciones entre ellas, en una muestra de adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años de ambos sexos y procedentes de un colegio privado y estatal, representativos de los niveles socioeconómicos medio y bajo. Aunque el SIV ha sido una herramienta extensamente utilizada, no se reportado previamente un análisis de su estructura factorial en muestras Latinoamericanas. Mediante el análisis de componentes principales y el análisis factorial con un enfoque confirmatorio, se han identificado relaciones bipolares entre Independencia y Benevolencia, y Soporte y Conformidad. Se obtuvo también la confirmación del modelo de valores interpersonales propuesto por L. V. Gordon. En el análisis se consideró un aspecto que artificialmente puede haber influido en el patrón de correlaciones entre los componentes, esto es el método ipsativo de las preguntas del SIV. Finalmente, se discute sobre las medidas ipsativas y sus consecuencias en la interpretación de sus resultados. The present study evaluates the factorial structure, in the level of the subscales, of the Survey of Interpersonal Values (SIV, and the relationships among them, in a sample of adolescents between 15 and 17 years old of both sexes and from a private and public school, representative of low and middle socioeconomic levels. Although the SIV has been a widely used tool, there is no report of an analysis of its factorial structure in Latin-American samples. By means of the principal components analysis and the factorial analysis with a confirmatory approach, bipolar relationships have been identified between Independence and Benevolence, and Support and Conformity. The confirmation of the pattern of interpersonal values proposed by L. V. Gordon was also accomplished. An aspect considered in the

Alteraciones cardiovasculares en pacientes en hemodiálisis

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Neri G. Campañá Cobas

2003-12-01

Full Text Available En la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC y en los pacientes en diálisis hay múltiples factores que alteran la función cardíaca y son las complicaciones cardiovasculares la principal causa de muerte en estos pacientes. Se realizó un estudio cardiovascular a los 20 pacientes que se encuentran en hemodiálisis en el servicio de Nefrología del Hospital de Centro Habana que consistía en examen físico cardiovascular, electrocardiograma, telecardiograma, ecocardiograma, además de hemograma y lipidograma. Los resultados indican una alta presencia de soplos e hipertensión arterial en el examen físico. El 50 % presenta hipertrofia ventricular izquierda en el electrocardiograma y confirmada con el ecocardiograma; no hubo diferencia importante en la relación entre triglicéridos elevados con la presencia de alteraciones cardiovasculares, pero sí con el colesterol alto y hemoglobina inferior a 70 g/L. Alta incidencia de alteraciones cardiovasculares en pacientes que llevan más de un año en hemodiálisis.In chronic kidney failure (CKF and in dialysis patients there are multiple factors altering the heart function. The cardiovascular complications are the main cause of death among these patients. A cardiovascular study was conducted in 20 hemodialysis patients at the Nephrology Service of the Centro Habana Hospital. The study consisted in cardiovascular physical examination, electrocardiogram, telecardiogram, echocardiogram, hemogram and lipids count. The results showed a high presence of murmurs and arterial hypertension on the physical examination. 50 % presented left ventricular hypertrophia on the EKG that was confirmed by the echocardiogram. There were no significant differences in the relation between elevated triglycerides and the presence of cardiovascular alterations, but important differences were found between high colesterol and haemoglobin lower then 70 g/l. It was observed a high incidence of cardiovascular alterations among

Coffee intake, cardiovascular disease and allcause mortality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nordestgaard, Ask Tybjærg; Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne

2016-01-01

Background: Coffee has been associated with modestly lower risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in meta-analyses; however, it is unclear whether these are causal associations. We tested first whether coffee intake is associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality...... observationally; second, whether genetic variations previously associated with caffeine intake are associated with coffee intake; and third, whether the genetic variations are associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Methods: First, we used multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard......- and age adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models to examine genetic associations with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in 112 509 Danes. Finally, we used sex and age-adjusted logistic regression models to examine genetic associations with ischaemic heart disease including...

The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

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Jie, Zhuye; Xia, Huihua; Zhong, Shi-Long

2017-01-01

The gut microbiota has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. However, the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in relation to cardiovascular diseases have not been systematically examined. Here, we perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from 218 individuals...... with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and 187 healthy controls. The ACVD gut microbiome deviates from the healthy status by increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. and, functionally, in the potential for metabolism or transport of several molecules important for cardiovascular...... health. Although drug treatment represents a confounding factor, ACVD status, and not current drug use, is the major distinguishing feature in this cohort. We identify common themes by comparison with gut microbiome data associated with other cardiometabolic diseases (obesity and type 2 diabetes...

YKL-40: a new biomarker in cardiovascular disease?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mathiasen, Anders Bruun; Henningsen, Kristoffer Mads Aaris; Harutyunyan, Marina Jurjevna

2010-01-01

Cardiovascular disease in the form of coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death in western countries. Early treatment with stabilizing drugs and mechanical revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary bypass surgery has reduced the mortality significantly....... But in spite of improved treatments, many patients are still plagued by a high frequency of angina symptoms, hospitalizations and a poor prognosis. There is a need for new independent or supplementary biomarkers that can help to predict cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular events earlier and more...... precisely, and thus accompany existing biomarkers in both primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. One such potential new biomarker is the protein YKL-40. As an independent biomarker in both cardiovascular diseases and noncardiovascular diseases, current evidence suggests YKL-40 to be most useful...

Educational inequality in cardiovascular disease depends on diagnosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Anne V; Koch, Mette B; Davidsen, Michael

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND: Social inequality is present in the morbidity as well as the mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to quantify and compare the level of educational inequality across different cardiovascular diagnoses. DESIGN: Register based study. METHODS: Comparison of the extent...... index of inequality: -29 (-35.1; -21.9) to -1 (-4.8; -3.8)). CONCLUSION: The degree of educational inequality in cardiovascular diseases depends on the diagnosis, with the highest inequality in ischaemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. Small differences were found...... of inequality across different cardiovascular diagnoses requires a measure of inequality which is comparable across subgroups with different educational distributions. The slope index of inequality and the relative index of inequality were applied for measuring inequalities in incidence of six cardiovascular...

Cardiovascular: radioisotopic angiocardiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kriss, J.P.

1975-01-01

Radioisotopic angiocardiography, performed after the intravenous injection of 99 /sup m/Tc-labeled pertechnetate or albumin, is a simple, rapid, and safe procedure which permits identification and physiologic assessment of a wide variety of congenital and acquired cardiovascular lesions in infants and children. These include atrial and ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonic stenosis, aortopulmonary window, transposition of the great vessels, valvular stenosis and/or insufficiency, myocardial lesions, and lesions of the great vessels. The simplicity of the procedure lends itself to repeated measurements to assess the effects of therapy or to follow the course of the disease. A wide spectrum of congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases have been studied which have particular application to the pediatric age group. (auth)

Burn mortality in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease.

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Knowlin, Laquanda; Reid, Trista; Williams, Felicia; Cairns, Bruce; Charles, Anthony

2017-08-01

Burn shock, a complex process, which develops following burn leads to severe and unique derangement of cardiovascular function. Patients with preexisting comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases may be more susceptible. We therefore sought to examine the impact of preexisting cardiovascular disease on burn outcomes. A retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a regional burn center from 2002 to 2012. Independent variables analyzed included basic demographics, burn mechanism, presence of inhalation injury, TBSA, pre-existing comorbidities, and length of ICU/hospital stay. Bivariate analysis was performed and Poisson regression modeling was utilized to estimate the incidence of being in the ICU and mortality. There were a total of 5332 adult patients admitted over the study period. 6% (n=428) had a preexisting cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease patients had a higher mortality rate (16%) compared to those without cardiovascular disease (3%, pwill likely be a greater number of individuals at risk for worse outcomes following burn. This knowledge can help with burn prognostication. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Adult ADHD Medications and Their Cardiovascular Implications

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A. Sinha

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD is a chronic neurobiological disorder exhibited by difficulty maintaining attention, as well as hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Central nervous system (CNS stimulants are the first line of treatment for ADHD. With the increase in number of adults on CNS stimulants, the question that arises is how well do we understand the long-term cardiovascular effects of these drugs. There has been increasing concern that adults with ADHD are at greater risk for developing adverse cardiovascular events such as sudden death, myocardial infarction, and stroke as compared to pediatric population. Cardiovascular response attributed to ADHD medication has mainly been observed in heart rate and blood pressure elevations, while less is known about the etiology of rare cardiovascular events like acute myocardial infarction (AMI, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy and its long-term sequelae. We present a unique case of AMI in an adult taking Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts and briefly discuss the literature relevant to the cardiovascular safety of CNS stimulants for adult ADHD.

Optimal healing environments for chronic cardiovascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Marshall, Debra A; Walizer, Elaine; Vernalis, Marina N

2004-01-01

A substantial increase in chronic cardiovascular disease is projected for the next several decades. This is attributable to an aging population and accelerated rates of obesity and diabetes. Despite technological advances that have improved survival for acute events, there is suboptimal translation of research knowledge for prevention and treatment of chronic cardiovascular illness. Beginning with a brief review of the demographics and pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, this paper discusses the obstacles and approaches to optimal care of patients with chronic cardiovascular disease. The novel concept of an optimal healing environment (OHE) is defined and explored as a model for integrative cardiac health care. Aspects generally underexamined in cardiac care such as intrapersonal/interpersonal characteristics of the health care provider and patient, mind/body/spirit wholeness and healing versus curing are discussed, as is the impact psychosocial factors may have on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular health. Information from research on the impact of an OHE might renew the healing mission in medicine, reveal new approaches for healing the heart and establish the importance of a heart-mind-body connection.

[Air pollution and cardiovascular disease in Trondheim].

Science.gov (United States)

Mannsåker, Bård; Vikan, Torkel; Holme, Jonas

2004-05-20

There is some evidence linking air pollution to cardiovascular morbidity. Our aim was to examine whether there is a correlation between air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity in the city of Trondheim, Norway. We compared the mean daily number of admissions for cardiovascular disease to the St. Olav University hospital on days with relatively low and high levels of PM10 (1993-2001), PM2,5, NO, NO2, SO2, O3, toluene and paraxylene (1998-2001). A time series analysis was carried out to see how day-to-day variations in concentrations of air pollutants correlated with the number of hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease. In the bivariate analysis, the mean daily number of hospitalizations was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) on days with NO and NO2 levels above the 80 th percentile (57.6 microg/m3 and 43.1 microg/m3, respectively) than on days with pollutant levels below the 20th percentile (11.3 microg/m3 and 16.9 microg/m3, respectively). Time series analysis did not show any statistically significant correlation between day-to-day variations in air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease. The findings regarding NO2 and NO indicate that exposure to gases and/or ultra-small particles from diesel exhaust may influence cardiovascular morbidity.

Would male hormonal contraceptives affect cardiovascular risk?

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Michael Zitzmann

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of hormonal male contraception is to prevent unintended pregnancies by suppressing spermatogenesis. Hormonal male contraception is based on the principle that exogenous administration of androgens and other hormones such as progestins suppress circulating gonadotropin concentrations, decreasing testicular Leydig cell and Sertoli cell activity and spermatogenesis. In order to achieve more complete suppression of circulating gonadotropins and spermatogenesis, a progestin has been added testosterone to the most recent efficacy trials of hormonal male contraceptives. This review focusses on the potential effects of male hormonal contraceptives on cardiovascular risk factors, lipids and body composition, mainly in the target group of younger to middle-aged men. Present data suggest that hormonal male contraception can be reasonably regarded as safe in terms of cardiovascular risk. However, as all trials have been relatively short (< 3 years, a final statement regarding the cardiovascular safety of hormonal male contraception, especially in long-term use, cannot be made. Older men with at high risk of cardiovascular event might not be good candidates for hormonal male contraception. The potential adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives on cardiovascular risk appear to depend greatly on the choice of the progestin in regimens for hormonal male contraceptives. In the development of prospective hormonal male contraception, data on longer-term cardiovascular safety will be essential.

Cardiovascular risk factors and collateral artery formation.

Science.gov (United States)

de Groot, D; Pasterkamp, G; Hoefer, I E

2009-12-01

Arterial lumen narrowing and vascular occlusion is the actual cause of morbidity and mortality in atherosclerotic disease. Collateral artery formation (arteriogenesis) refers to an active remodelling of non-functional vascular anastomoses to functional collateral arteries, capable to bypass the site of obstruction and preserve the tissue that is jeopardized by ischaemia. Hemodynamic forces such as shear stress and wall stress play a pivotal role in collateral artery formation, accompanied by the expression of various cytokines and invasion of circulating leucocytes. Arteriogenesis hence represents an important compensatory mechanism for atherosclerotic vessel occlusion. As arteriogenesis mostly occurs when lumen narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques takes place, presence of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes) is highly likely. Risk factors for atherosclerotic disease affect collateral artery growth directly and indirectly by altering hemodynamic forces or influencing cellular function and proliferation. Adequate collateralization varies significantly among atherosclerotic patients, some profit from the presence of extensive collateral networks, whereas others do not. Cardiovascular risk factors could increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in certain patients because of the reduced protection through an alternative vascular network. Likewise, drugs primarily thought to control cardiovascular risk factors might contribute or counteract collateral artery growth. This review summarizes current knowledge on the influence of cardiovascular risk factors and the effects of cardiovascular medication on the development of collateral vessels in experimental and clinical studies.

Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases

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Carlos Zaragoza

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Cardiovascular diseases are the first leading cause of death and morbidity in developed countries. The use of animal models have contributed to increase our knowledge, providing new approaches focused to improve the diagnostic and the treatment of these pathologies. Several models have been developed to address cardiovascular complications, including atherothrombotic and cardiac diseases, and the same pathology have been successfully recreated in different species, including small and big animal models of disease. However, genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in cardiovascular pathophysiology, making difficult to match a particular disease, with a single experimental model. Therefore, no exclusive method perfectly recreates the human complication, and depending on the model, additional considerations of cost, infrastructure, and the requirement for specialized personnel, should also have in mind. Considering all these facts, and depending on the budgets available, models should be selected that best reproduce the disease being investigated. Here we will describe models of atherothrombotic diseases, including expanding and occlusive animal models, as well as models of heart failure. Given the wide range of models available, today it is possible to devise the best strategy, which may help us to find more efficient and reliable solutions against human cardiovascular diseases.

Hypertension Control in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events: Global Results From the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes With Sitagliptin.

Science.gov (United States)

Navar, Ann Marie; Gallup, Dianne S; Lokhnygina, Yuliya; Green, Jennifer B; McGuire, Darren K; Armstrong, Paul W; Buse, John B; Engel, Samuel S; Lachin, John M; Standl, Eberhard; Van de Werf, Frans; Holman, Rury R; Peterson, Eric D

2017-11-01

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) treatment targets for adults with diabetes mellitus remain unclear. SBP levels among 12 275 adults with diabetes mellitus, prior cardiovascular disease, and treated hypertension were evaluated in the TECOS (Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes With Sitagliptin) randomized trial of sitagliptin versus placebo. The association between baseline SBP and recurrent cardiovascular disease was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling with restricted cubic splines, adjusting for clinical characteristics. Kaplan-Meier curves by baseline SBP were created to assess time to cardiovascular disease and 2 potential hypotension-related adverse events: worsening kidney function and fractures. The association between time-updated SBP and outcomes was examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, 42.2% of adults with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension had an SBP ≥140 mm Hg. The association between SBP and cardiovascular disease risk was U shaped, with a nadir ≈130 mm Hg. When the analysis was restricted to those with baseline SBP of 110 to 150 mm Hg, the adjusted association between SBP and cardiovascular disease risk was flat (hazard ratio per 10-mm Hg increase, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.02). There was no association between SBP and risk of fracture. Above 150 mm Hg, higher SBP was associated with increasing risk of worsening kidney function (hazard ratio per 10-mm Hg increase, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.18). Many patients with diabetes mellitus have uncontrolled hypertension. The U-shaped association between SBP and cardiovascular disease events was largely driven by those with very high or low SBP, with no difference in cardiovascular disease risk between 110 and 150 mm Hg. Lower SBP was not associated with higher risks of fractures or worsening kidney function. © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.

TERPENOS COM APLICAÇÃO CARDIOVASCULAR TERPENE WITH CARDIOVASCULAR APLICATION

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Américo Azevedo de Souza

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O uso de plantas medicinais como alternativa terapêutica é tão antigo quanto a própria existência humana. Desta maneira, a procura por moléculas com efetividade para aplicações cardiovasculares é uma alternativa para as pesquisas farmacológicas. Nesta gama de moléculas estão inseridos os terpenos, constituintes de óleos essenciais que estão contidos em todos os órgãos das plantas e que apresentam diversas aplicações farmacológicas, inclusive propriedades cardiovasculares. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma triagem nos depósitos de patentes sobre a aplicação cardiovascular de terpenos até o momento. Para isso, a prospecção foi realizada no Escritório Europeu de Patentes, na Organização Mundial de Propriedade Intelectual, no Escritório Americano de Marcas e Patentes e no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil. O maior número de pedidos de patentes encontrados foi no Escritório Americano de Marcas e Patentes. Os maiores depositantes foram Estados Unidos e China. Os maiores requerentes de propriedade intelectual foram empresas e pessoas físicas. O Brasil não apresentou pedido de registro de patente. A classificação internacional que mais ocorreu nessa prospecção foi a A61K.

Cardiovascular effects. Chapter 3.1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lecomte, J.

1975-01-01

The cardiovascular effects of various radioprotective substances are reviewed. Reports of the cardiovascular reactions of different species have been analysed to show that there is no relationship between the principal cardiovascular activities and the specific effects of the radioprotective agents; sometimes radioprotection develops simultaneously with a general lowering of arterial pressure, sometimes it occurs with a rise in blood pressure. In contrast, lowered arterial pressure in the chicken is not sufficient to raise the resistance to X-rays. No common characteristics were revealed by a comparative study of the effects of radioprotective agents on blood pressure, histamine liberation and concentration of catecholamines in blood. The effect on tissue perfusion, at the level of the microcirculation, may be of more significance, but techniques are not yet available for investigating the mechanism of action at this level. (U.K.)

Cardiovascular Nursing: From Florence to Melbourne.

Science.gov (United States)

Thompson, David R

2016-08-01

This paper, based on the 2015 CSANZ Cardiovascular Nursing Lecture, takes its title from the invitation to give this lecture in Melbourne being received when the author was visiting Florence, after whom Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, is named. Her work has indirectly shaped and influenced cardiovascular nursing, which has developed over the past 50 years. Despite its relatively short history, cardiovascular nursing has made a major contribution to improving the cardiovascular health and well-being of patients and families through health promotion, risk reduction and disease prevention. Examples include cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention and chronic heart failure disease management. Challenges, however, remain, including nurses practising to the full extent of their education and training, working as full partners with physicians and other health professionals in redesigning healthcare, ensuring better data collection and being more active in advocacy and policy initiatives. Cardiovascular nursing has a strong record of innovation but should always remember that it is there to serve the public and, bearing in mind the risk of potential harm versus benefit, be mindful of Florence Nightingale's wise counsel, "First, do no harm". Copyright © 2016 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Matters of the heart: cardiovascular disease in U.S. women.

Science.gov (United States)

Bybee, Kevin A; Stevens, Tracy L

2013-01-01

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in United States women and accounts for approximately 500,000 deaths annually. Over half of cardiovascular disease-related deaths in women result from coronary artery disease including acute coronary syndromes. This paper reviews gender specific issues in women as they relate to current cardiovascular disease epidemiology, trends in cardiovascular disease epidemiology, coronary artery disease detection, risk factor modification, and prevention of cardiovascular disease-related events.

Asociación entre la agrupación (clustering de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular

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Baena Díez José Miguel

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad en España. El objetivo del estudio es estudiar la asociación entre la agrupación (clustering de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el riesgo de padecer eventos cardiovasculares mayores: cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cerebrovascular y arteriopatía periférica de extremidades inferiores. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado en un centro de salud urbano. Se estudiaron 2.248 historias clínicas de personas con edad igual o superior a 15 años, seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Los datos se obtuvieron por revisión de las historias clínicas, estimando la odds ratio (OR para padecer algún evento cardiovascular (n = 224, cardiopatía isquémica (n = 123, enfermedad cerebrovascular (n = 84 y arteriopatía periférica (n = 55 respecto al número de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se incluyeron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, diabetes y obesidad. La OR fue ajustada por edad y sexo. Resultados: El porcentaje de pacientes con 0,1, 2, 3 y 4-6 factores de riesgo cardiovascular fue de 39,1, 32,8, 17,5, 6,9 y 3,7 respectivamente. Las OR para el riesgo de tener algún evento cardiovascular asociada a 1, 2, 3 y 4-6 factores de riesgo cardiovascular fueron de 1,6 (IC95%: 0,9-2,7, 2,8 (IC95%: 1,7-4,7, 3,6 (IC95%: 1,9-6,5 y 5,6 (IC95%: 2,9-10,8, respectivamente. Las OR para la cardiopatía isquémica, asociada a los mismos niveles de riesgo, fueron de 2,3 (IC95%: 1,1-4,6, 2,5 (IC95%: 1,2-5,2, 5,3 (IC95%: 2,4-11,5 y 6,2 (IC95%: 2,7-14,3, respectivamente. Para la enfermedad cerebrovascular las OR fueron 1,1 (IC95%: 0,5-2,5, 2,3 (IC95%: 1,2-5,3, 2,4 (IC95%: 1,0-5,9 y 5,6 (IC95%: 2,2-14,1, respectivamente. Las OR para la arteriopatía periférica fueron 2,1 (IC95%: 0,8-5,9 , 3,7 (IC95%: 1,3-10,5, 3,3 (IC95%: 1,0-11,1 y 6,1 (IC95%: 1

Lipid-related markers and cardiovascular disease prediction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Di Angelantonio, Emanuele; Gao, Pei; Pennells, Lisa

2012-01-01

The value of assessing various emerging lipid-related markers for prediction of first cardiovascular events is debated.......The value of assessing various emerging lipid-related markers for prediction of first cardiovascular events is debated....

Prognostic factors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia accompanied by cardiovascular malformation.

Science.gov (United States)

Takahashi, Shigehiro; Sago, Haruhiko; Kanamori, Yutaka; Hayakawa, Masahiro; Okuyama, Hiroomi; Inamura, Noboru; Fujino, Yuji; Usui, Noriaki; Taguchi, Tomoaki

2013-08-01

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with cardiovascular malformation. Many prognostic factors have been identified for isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia; however, reports of concurrent congenital diaphragmatic hernia and cardiovascular malformation in infants are limited. This study evaluated congenital diaphragmatic hernia associated with cardiovascular malformation in infants. Factors associated with prognosis for patients were also identified. This retrospective cohort study was based on a Japanese survey of congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients between 2006 and 2010. Frequency and outcome of cardiovascular malformation among infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia were examined. Severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and cardiovascular malformation were compared as predictors of mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular malformation was identified in 76 (12.3%) of 614 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Mild cardiovascular malformation was detected in 19 (33.9%) and severe cardiovascular malformation in 37 (66.1%). Their overall survival rate at discharge was 46.4%, and the survival rate without morbidity was 23.2%. Mortality and morbidity at discharge were more strongly associated with severity of cardiovascular malformation (adjusted OR 7.69, 95%CI 1.96-30.27; adjusted OR 7.93, 95%CI 1.76-35.79, respectively) than with severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The prognosis for infants with both congenital diaphragmatic hernia and cardiovascular malformation remains poor. Severity of cardiovascular malformation is a more important predictive factor for mortality and morbidity than severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. © 2013 The Authors. Pediatrics International © 2013 Japan Pediatric Society.

Projections of Demand for Cardiovascular Surgery and Supply of Surgeons.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jung Jeung; Park, Nam Hee; Lee, Kun Sei; Chee, Hyun Keun; Sim, Sung Bo; Kim, Myo Jeong; Choi, Ji Suk; Kim, Myunghwa; Park, Choon Seon

2016-12-01

While demand for cardiovascular surgery is expected to increase gradually along with the rapid increase in cardiovascular diseases with respect to the aging population, the supply of thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons has been continuously decreasing over the past 10 years. Consequently, this study aims to achieve guidance in establishing health care policy by analyzing the supply and demand for cardiovascular surgeries in the medical service area of Korea. After investigating the actual number of cardiovascular surgeries performed using the National Health Insurance claim data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, as well as drawing from national statistics concerning the elderly population aged 65 and over, this study estimated the number of future cardiovascular surgeries by using a cell-based model. To be able to analyze the supply and demand of surgeons, the recent status of new surgeons specializing in thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries and the ratio of their subspecialties in cardiovascular surgeries were investigated. Then, while taking three different scenarios into account, the number of cardiovascular surgeons expected be working in 5-year periods was projected. The number of cardiovascular surgeries, which was recorded at 10,581 cases in 2014, is predicted to increase consistently to reach a demand of 15,501 cases in 2040-an increase of 46.5%. There was a total of 245 cardiovascular surgeons at work in 2014. Looking at 5 year spans in the future, the number of surgeons expected to be supplied in 2040 is 184, to retire is 249, and expected to be working is 309-an increase of -24.9%, 1.6%, and 26.1%, respectively compared to those in 2014. This forecasts a demand-supply imbalance in every scenario. Cardiovascular surgeons are the most central resource in the medical service of highly specialized cardiovascular surgeries, and fostering the surgeons requires much time, effort, and resources; therefore, by analyzing the various factors

Cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with psoriasis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Peter; Thyssen, Jacob P; Zachariae, Claus

2013-01-01

Background Epidemiological data have established an association between cardiovascular disease and psoriasis. Only one general population study has so far compared prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors among subjects with psoriasis and control subjects. We aimed to determine the prevalence...... of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with and without psoriasis in the general population. Methods During 2006-2008, a cross-sectional study was performed in the general population in Copenhagen, Denmark. A total of 3471 subjects participated in a general health examination that included assessment of current...... between subjects with and without psoriasis with regard to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions Our results contrast with the hitherto-reported increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in subjects with psoriasis in the general US population. However, our results agree with those of other...

Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Grandner, Michael A; Alfonso-Miller, Pamela; Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio; Shetty, Safal; Shenoy, Sundeep; Combs, Daniel

2016-09-01

Sleep plays many roles in maintenance of cardiovascular health. This review summarizes the literature across several areas of sleep and sleep disorders in relation to cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Insufficient sleep duration is prevalent in the population and is associated with weight gain and obesity, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and mortality. Insomnia is also highly present and represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially when accompanied by short sleep duration. Sleep apnea is a well-characterized risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and cardiovascular mortality. Other issues are relevant as well. For example, sleep disorders in pediatric populations may convey cardiovascular risks. Also, sleep may play an important role in cardiovascular health disparities. Sleep and sleep disorders are implicated in cardiometabolic disease risk. This review addresses these and other issues, concluding with recommendations for research and clinical practice.

Nota biobibliográfica + poética + creaciones («Fantasia», «Per a prendre mesures», «Constel·lació de la fam», «Ora pro nobis», «Línia quasi eròtica» y «Beatus ille» + cuestionario (Victoria Pineda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josep Sou

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Nota biobibliográfica + poética + creaciones («Fantasia», «Per a prendre mesures», «Constel·lació de la fam», «Ora pro nobis», «Línia quasi eròtica» y «Beatus ille» + cuestionario (Victoria Pineda

Nuevo cuestionario para evaluar la autoeficacia hacia la actividad física en niños New questionnaire to assess self-efficacy toward physical activity in children

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Ángeles Aedo

2009-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Desarrollar un cuestionario para evaluar autoeficacia hacia la actividad física en niños de edad escolar, así como medir su validez de constructo, confiabilidad test-retest y consistencia interna. MÉTODO: Se utilizó un multimétodo en cuatro etapas: 1 Investigación bibliográfica y consecutivamente un estudio exploratorio. Construcción de los reactivos del cuestionario utilizando una escala dicotómica de 14 ítems. 2 Evaluación de la validez de contenido a través de un panel de expertos. 3 Aplicación de la primera versión del cuestionario final a una muestra de 900 niños de edad escolar de la ciudad de México. 4 Determinación de la validez de constructo, la confiabilidad test-retest y la consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron tres factores que explican el 64,15% de la varianza: búsqueda de alternativas positivas hacia la actividad física, capacidad para enfrentar posibles barreras para llevarla a cabo y expectativas de habilidad o competencia. Se validó el modelo por medio de la bondad del ajuste, obteniéndose un 65% de residuos inferiores a 0,05, resultado indicativo de que el modelo factorial estimado se ajusta a los datos. La consistencia alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,733, la confiabilidad test-retest fue de 0,867. CONCLUSIONES: Se desarrolló una escala con validez y confiabilidad adecuadas. Estos resultados permiten utilizarla como un buen indicador de la autoeficacia hacia la actividad física en niños de edad escolar, lo cual es importante en el desarrollo de programas cuyo objetivo sea fomentar dicha conducta en este grupo de edad.OBJECTIVES: To design a questionnaire for assessment of self-efficacy toward physical activity in school children, as well as to measure its construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. METHODS: A four-stage multimethod approach was used: (1 bibliographic research followed by exploratory study and the formulation of questions and

Physical activity, obesity and cardiovascular diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Lakka, T A; Bouchard, C

2005-01-01

Sedentary lifestyle and overweight are major public health, clinical, and economical problems in modern societies. The worldwide epidemic of excess weight is due to imbalance between physical activity and dietary energy intake. Sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and consequent overweight and obesity markedly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Regular physical activity 45-60 min per day prevents unhealthy weight gain and obesity, whereas sedentary behaviors such as watching television promote them. Regular exercise can markedly reduce body weight and fat mass without dietary caloric restriction in overweight individuals. An increase in total energy expenditure appears to be the most important determinant of successful exercise-induced weight loss. The best long-term results may be achieved when physical activity produces an energy expenditure of at least 2,500 kcal/week. Yet, the optimal approach in weight reduction programs appears to be a combination of regular physical activity and caloric restriction. A minimum of 60 min, but most likely 80-90 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per day may be needed to avoid or limit weight regain in formerly overweight or obese individuals. Regular moderate intensity physical activity, a healthy diet, and avoiding unhealthy weight gain are effective and safe ways to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases and to reduce premature mortality in all population groups. Although the efforts to promote cardiovascular health concern the whole population, particular attention should be paid to individuals who are physically inactive, have unhealthy diets or are prone to weight gain. They have the highest risk for worsening of the cardiovascular risk factor profile and for cardiovascular disease. To combat the epidemic of overweight and to improve cardiovascular health at a population level, it is important to develop strategies to increase habitual physical activity and to prevent overweight and obesity in

Subclinical organ damage and cardiovascular risk prediction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sehestedt, Thomas; Olsen, Michael H

2010-01-01

Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have poor prognostic value for individuals and screening for subclinical organ damage has been recommended in hypertension in recent guidelines. The aim of this review was to investigate the clinical impact of the additive prognostic information provided...... by measuring subclinical organ damage. We have (i) reviewed recent studies linking markers of subclinical organ damage in the heart, blood vessels and kidney to cardiovascular risk; (ii) discussed the evidence for improvement in cardiovascular risk prediction using markers of subclinical organ damage; (iii...

Magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masuda, Yoshiaki; Imai, Hiroshi; Watanabe, Sigeru; Inagaki, Yoshiaki; Tateno, Yukio; Ikehira, Hiroo.

1990-01-01

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new noninvasive technique for visualization of the cardiovascular system, and is used to evaluate tissue characteristics, cardiac function and blood flow abnormalities, as well as to obtain morphological information. In this paper we presented results of clinical and laboratory research obtained using conventional spin echo MRI with regard to cardiovascular anatomy, tissue characterization and physiology. Furthermore, experience with two new techniques, cine-MRI and volume-selected MR spectroscopy, and their potential clinical usefulness in detecting cardiovascular diseases are documented. (author)

Mortalidad cardiovascular: ¿cómo prevenirla?

OpenAIRE

Estruch, Ramón

2014-01-01

El primer escalón en la prevención y tratamiento de muchas enfermedades crónicas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares es el seguimiento de una dieta saludable. Varios estudios epidemiológicos han mostrado que el seguimiento de una dieta mediterránea tradicional reduce la mortalidad global, la mortalidad cardiovascular y la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas como las cardiovasculares, el cáncer y las patologías neurodegenerativas. No obstante, un único estudio ha analizado los efectos de la...

Cardiovascular-Active Venom Toxins: An Overview.

Science.gov (United States)

Rebello Horta, Carolina Campolina; Chatzaki, Maria; Rezende, Bruno Almeida; Magalhães, Bárbara de Freitas; Duarte, Clara Guerra; Felicori, Liza Figueiredo; Ribeiro Oliveira-Mendes, Bárbara Bruna; do Carmo, Anderson Oliveira; Chávez-Olórtegui, Carlos; Kalapothakis, Evanguedes

2016-01-01

Animal venoms are a mixture of bioactive compounds produced as weapons and used primarily to immobilize and kill preys. As a result of the high potency and specificity for various physiological targets, many toxins from animal venoms have emerged as possible drugs for the medication of diverse disorders, including cardiovascular diseases. Captopril, which inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), was the first successful venom-based drug and a notable example of rational drug design. Since captopril was developed, many studies have discovered novel bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) with actions on the cardiovascular system. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) have also been found in animal venoms and used as template to design new drugs with applications in cardiovascular diseases. Among the anti-arrhythmic peptides, GsMTx-4 was discovered to be a toxin that selectively inhibits the stretch-activated cation channels (SACs), which are involved in atrial fibrillation. The present review describes the main components isolated from animal venoms that act on the cardiovascular system and presents a brief summary of venomous animals and their venom apparatuses.

Preditores cardiovasculares da mortalidade em idosos longevos Cardiovascular mortality predictors in the oldest old

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Pedro Marafon

2003-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a associação entre fatores de risco e morbidade cardiovascular com mortalidade em idosos longevos. Noventa e um por cento da população com idade ³ 80 anos (n = 193 de Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, no ano de 1996, foram avaliados para a detecção de fatores de risco e morbidade cardiovascular. Acompanhou-se esta população durante 3 anos e registraram-se os casos de óbitos. Os dados foram analisados por análise univariada e multivariada por regressão logística. Ocorreram 41 (21% óbitos (20 homens e 21 mulheres. As mortes foram distribuídas ao longo do período estudado como se segue: 3 (7,3% no primeiro ano, 8 (19,5% no segundo ano e 30 (73,2% no terceiro ano. Observou-se associação significativa de óbito com as seguintes características: pressão arterial diastólica (PAD, colesterol total (CT, LDL-C, ApoA-I, acidente vascular encefálico prévio (AVC, bloqueio do ramo direito (BRD e hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE ao ECG. Os sobreviventes apresentaram níveis mais elevados de PAD, CT, LDL-C e ApoA-I. AVC, BRD e HVE. A análise multivariada mostrou que as variáveis eram fatores de risco independentes. Os fatores de risco cardiovascular parecem atuar de forma diferenciada em longevos.This article investigates the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the oldest old. In 1996, 91% of the population ³ 80 years of age from Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were evaluated to detect cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity. The sample was followed up for three years, with the assessment of deaths. The analysis was done using univariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis. There were 41 deaths (21%: 20 men and 21 women. Deaths were distributed by year as follow: 03 (7.3% in the first year, 08 (19.5% in the second, and 30 (73.2% in the third. There was a significant and independent association

Cardiovascular Update: Risk, Guidelines, and Recommendations.

Science.gov (United States)

Pearson, Tamera

2015-09-01

This article provides an update of the current status of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States, including a brief review of the underlying pathophysiology and epidemiology. This article presents a discussion of the latest American Heart Association guidelines that introduce the concept of promoting ideal cardiovascular health, defined by seven identified metrics. Specific CVD risk factors and utilization of the 10-year CVD event prediction calculator are discussed. In addition, current management recommendations of health-related conditions that increase risk for CVD, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, are provided. Finally, a discussion of detailed evidence-based lifestyle recommendations to promote cardiovascular health and reduce CVD risks concludes the update. © 2015 The Author(s).

Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holmes, Michael V; Dale, Caroline E; Zuccolo, Luisa

2014-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. PARTICIPANTS: 261 991 individuals of European...... descent, including 20 259 coronary heart disease cases and 10 164 stroke events. Data were available on ADH1B rs1229984 variant, alcohol phenotypes, and cardiovascular biomarkers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the ADH1B variant in all individuals...... disease than those without the genetic variant. This suggests that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial for cardiovascular health....

[Air pollution, cardiovascular risk and hypertension].

Science.gov (United States)

Soldevila Bacardit, N; Vinyoles Bargalló, E; Agudo Ugena, J; Camps Vila, L

2018-04-24

Air pollution is a worrying factor and has an impact on public health. Multiple studies relate exposure to air pollutants with an increase in cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality and mortality for all causes. A relationship has also been demonstrated between increased pollution and high blood pressure, as well as a higher prevalence of hypertension. Pollutants that play a more relevant role in this association are particulate matters, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. The objective of this review is to understand the mechanisms involved in this increase and to find the most recent publications that relate pollution, cardiovascular risk and hypertension. Copyright © 2018 SEH-LELHA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

The Dating Violence Questionnaire: Validation of the Cuestionario de Violencia de Novios Using a College Sample From the United States.

Science.gov (United States)

López-Cepero, Javier; Fabelo, Humberto Eduardo; Rodríguez-Franco, Luis; Rodríguez-Díaz, F Javier

2016-01-01

This study provides psychometric information for the Dating Violence Questionnaire (DVQ), an instrument developed to assess intimate partner victimization among adolescents and youths. This instrument, an English version of Cuestionario de Violencia de Novios, assesses both frequency and discomfort associated with 8 types of abuse (detachment, humiliation, sexual, coercion, physical, gender-based, emotional punishment, and instrumental). Participant included 859 U.S. students enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses in a mid-Atlantic university (M = 19 years; SD = 1.5 years). One-third of the participants were males, and two-thirds were females. Regarding racial identity, around 55% of participants identified themselves as White, 22% as African American, 12% as Asian, whereas 11% selected other identities. Around 9% of participants identified themselves as Hispanic. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the DVQ achieved adequate goodness-of-fit indexes for the original eight-factor model (X(2)/df .700), surpassing those found in the original Spanish validation. Descriptive analysis suggests higher victimization experience on subtle aggressions (detachment, coercion, and emotional punishment), with overt abuses (physical, instrumental) obtaining the smallest means; these findings were similar across gender, race identity, and ethnicity. Results of this validation study encourage the inclusion of DVQ in both research and applied contexts.

The Various Applications of 3D Printing in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

El Sabbagh, Abdallah; Eleid, Mackram F; Al-Hijji, Mohammed; Anavekar, Nandan S; Holmes, David R; Nkomo, Vuyisile T; Oderich, Gustavo S; Cassivi, Stephen D; Said, Sameh M; Rihal, Charanjit S; Matsumoto, Jane M; Foley, Thomas A

2018-05-10

To highlight the various applications of 3D printing in cardiovascular disease and discuss its limitations and future direction. Use of handheld 3D printed models of cardiovascular structures has emerged as a facile modality in procedural and surgical planning as well as education and communication. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a novel imaging modality which involves creating patient-specific models of cardiovascular structures. As percutaneous and surgical therapies evolve, spatial recognition of complex cardiovascular anatomic relationships by cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons is imperative. Handheld 3D printed models of cardiovascular structures provide a facile and intuitive road map for procedural and surgical planning, complementing conventional imaging modalities. Moreover, 3D printed models are efficacious educational and communication tools. This review highlights the various applications of 3D printing in cardiovascular diseases and discusses its limitations and future directions.

Validación del cuestionario de motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje forma corta –MSLQ SF, en estudiantes universitarios de una institución pública-Santa Marta

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Luis Fernando Sabogal Tinoco

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract This article shows the results of a research which aim was to check the reliability and validity of Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ SF: Garcia, Mckeachie & Wilbert, 1998. The sample was 630 students of Health Science Program of a Public University. 32% are male gender and 67,46% are female. The age range is between 16 and 56 years, with an average of 21 years and a standard deviation of 21 years. The results confirm the factor structure of the test with some variations for the CMEA FC, as a suitable reliability. Therefore, we concluded that the questionnaire is suitable for measuring the cognitive strategies and motivational aspects involved in learning. Resumen El presente artículo de investigación presenta los resultados de un estudio cuyo objetivo consistió en comprobar la fiabilidad y validez del Cuestionario de Motivación y Estrategias de Aprendizaje Forma Corta (MSLQ SF: García, Mckeachie & Wilbert, 1988. Se contó con una muestra de 630 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una institución pública. De ellos el 32,5% son de género masculino y el 67,46% de género femenino, con un rango de edad entre los 16 y los 56 años, con una media de 21 años y una desviación estándar de 21 años. Los resultados confirman la estructura factorial de la prueba con algunas variantes para el CMEA FC, como una adecuada fiabilidad. Por consiguiente, se concluyó que el cuestionario es apto para medir los aspectos cognitivos (estrategias y motivacionales que intervienen en el aprendizaje.

Cardiovascular function in pulmonary emphysema.

Science.gov (United States)

Visca, Dina; Aiello, Marina; Chetta, Alfredo

2013-01-01

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic cardiovascular disease, such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias, have a strong influence on each other, and systemic inflammation has been considered as the main linkage between them. On the other hand, airflow limitation may markedly affect lung mechanics in terms of static and dynamic hyperinflation, especially in pulmonary emphysema, and they can in turn influence cardiac performance as well. Skeletal mass depletion, which is a common feature in COPD especially in pulmonary emphysema patients, may have also a role in cardiovascular function of these patients, irrespective of lung damage. We reviewed the emerging evidence that highlights the role of lung mechanics and muscle mass impairment on ventricular volumes, stroke volume, and stroke work at rest and on exercise in the presence of pulmonary emphysema. Patients with emphysema may differ among COPD population even in terms of cardiovascular function.

Hispanics/Latinos & Cardiovascular Disease: Statistical Fact Sheet

Science.gov (United States)

Statistical Fact Sheet 2013 Update Hispanics/Latinos & Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) (ICD/10 codes I00-I99, Q20-Q28) (ICD/9 codes 390-459, 745-747)  Among Mexican-American adults age 20 ...

Sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Floras, John S

2014-01-01

Sleep apnea is evident in approximately 10% of adults in the general population, but in certain cardiovascular diseases, and in particular those characterized by sodium and water retention, its prevalence can exceed 50%. Although sleep apnea is not as yet integrated into formal cardiovascular risk assessment algorithms, there is increasing awareness of its importance in the causation or promotion of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial arrhythmias, and stroke, and thus, not surprisingly, as a predictor of premature cardiovascular death. Sleep apnea manifests as two principal phenotypes, both characterized by respiratory instability: obstructive (OSA), which arises when sleep-related withdrawal of respiratory drive to the upper airway dilator muscles is superimposed upon a narrow and highly compliant airway predisposed to collapse, and central (CSA), which occurs when the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide falls below the apnea threshold, resulting in withdrawal of central drive to respiratory muscles. The present objectives are to: (1) review the epidemiology and patho-physiology of OSA and CSA, with particular emphasis on the role of renal sodium retention in initiating and promoting these processes, and on population studies that reveal the long-term consequences of untreated OSA and CSA; (2) illustrate mechanical, autonomic, chemical, and inflammatory mechanisms by which OSA and CSA can increase cardiovascular risk and event rates by initiating or promoting hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke; (3) highlight insights from randomized trials in which treating sleep apnea was the specific target of therapy; (4) emphasize the present lack of evidence that treating sleep apnea reduces cardiovascular risk and the current clinical equipoise concerning treatment of asymptomatic patients with sleep apnea; and (5) consider clinical implications and future directions of clinical

Hypoglycaemia as a new cardiovascular risk factor

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Daniel Rogowicz

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The World Health Organization (WHO recognized diabetes as one of the four most important and priority health issues out of non-communicable diseases. According to a report by the WHO with the year 2016 the prevalence of diabetes for 3 decades and continues to grow, this problem applies to the entire world. In 2014. the number of diabetes patients brought the 422 million, by comparison, in 1980. It was 108 million. A badly aligned metabolically diabetes contributes to the development of numerous complications of micro-and macro-angiopathic, which are related to adverse prognosis and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Striving for the best possible alignment of the carbohydrate economy reduces both the mortality and cardiovascular. However, some patients with diabetes intensive glucose control is not effective and increases the incidence of severe hypoglycemia, which in turn some patients increases cardiovascular mortality. The aim of the work is the appearance of hypoglycemia as a factor that increases the risk of death in cardiovascular diseases. The work also emphasises the importance of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes, which are the most common complication of diabetes and the most common cause of death in this group of patients.

Localized Scleroderma, Systemic Sclerosis and Cardiovascular Risk

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hesselvig, Jeanette Halskou; Kofoed, Kristian; Wu, Jashin J

2018-01-01

Recent findings indicate that patients with systemic sclerosis have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To determine whether patients with systemic sclerosis or localized scleroderma are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, a cohort study of the entire Danish population aged ≥ 18...... and ≤ 100 years was conducted, followed from 1997 to 2011 by individual-level linkage of nationwide registries. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for a composite cardiovascular disease endpoint. A total of 697 patients with localized scleroderma and 1......,962 patients with systemic sclerosis were identified and compared with 5,428,380 people in the reference population. In systemic sclerosis, the adjusted HR was 2.22 (95% confidence interval 1.99-2.48). No association was seen between patients with localized scleroderma and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion...

Acute effects on cardiovascular oscillations during controlled slow yogic breathing

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Om Lata Bhagat

2017-01-01

Interpretation & conclusions: Significant increase in cardiovascular oscillations and baroreflex recruitments during-ANB suggested a dynamic interaction between respiratory and cardiovascular system. Enhanced phasic relationship with some delay indicated the complexity of the system. It indicated that respiratory and cardiovascular oscillations were coupled through multiple regulatory mechanisms, such as mechanical coupling, baroreflex and central cardiovascular control.

Cardiovascular safety of biologic therapies for the treatment of RA.

Science.gov (United States)

Greenberg, Jeffrey D; Furer, Victoria; Farkouh, Michael E

2011-11-15

Cardiovascular disease represents a major source of extra-articular comorbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A combination of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and RA-related factors accounts for the excess risk in RA. Among RA-related factors, chronic systemic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. A growing body of evidence--mainly derived from observational databases and registries--suggests that specific RA therapies, including methotrexate and anti-TNF biologic agents, can reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events in patients with RA. The cardiovascular profile of other biologic therapies for the treatment of RA has not been adequately studied, including of investigational drugs that improve systemic inflammation but alter traditional cardiovascular risk factors. In the absence of large clinical trials adequately powered to detect differences in cardiovascular events between biologic drugs in RA, deriving firm conclusions on cardiovascular safety is challenging. Nevertheless, observational research using large registries has emerged as a promising approach to study the cardiovascular risk of emerging RA biologic therapies.

Machine learning based analysis of cardiovascular images

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wolterink, JM

2017-01-01

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease (CAD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) are the global leading cause of death. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow non-invasive imaging of cardiovascular structures. This thesis presents machine

Detection of cardiovascular anomalies: Hybrid systems approach

KAUST Repository

Ledezma, Fernando; Laleg-Kirati, Taous-Meriem

2012-01-01

In this paper, we propose a hybrid interpretation of the cardiovascular system. Based on a model proposed by Simaan et al. (2009), we study the problem of detecting cardiovascular anomalies that can be caused by variations in some physiological

Enjoying hobbies is related to desirable cardiovascular effects.

Science.gov (United States)

Saihara, Keishi; Hamasaki, Shuichi; Ishida, Sanemasa; Kataoka, Tetsuro; Yoshikawa, Akiko; Orihara, Koji; Ogawa, Masakazu; Oketani, Naoya; Fukudome, Tsuyoshi; Atsuchi, Nobuhiko; Shinsato, Takuro; Okui, Hideki; Kubozono, Takuro; Ichiki, Hitoshi; Kuwahata, So; Mizoguchi, Etsuko; Fujita, Shoji; Takumi, Takuro; Ninomiya, Yuichi; Tomita, Kaai; Tei, Chuwa

2010-03-01

An unhealthy lifestyle can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism by which lifestyle influences the development of cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Since coronary endothelial function is a predictor of cardiovascular prognosis, the goal of this study was to characterize the effect of enjoying hobbies on coronary endothelial function and cardiovascular outcomes. A total of 121 consecutive patients (76 men, 45 women) with almost normal coronary arteries underwent Doppler flow study of the left anterior descending coronary artery following sequential administration of papaverine, acetylcholine, and nitroglycerin. On the basis of responses to questionnaires, patients were divided into two groups; the Hobby group (n = 71) who enjoyed hobbies, and the Non-hobby group (n = 50) who had no hobbies. Cardiovascular outcomes were assessed at long-term follow-up using medical records or questionnaire surveys for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).The average follow-up period was 916 +/- 515 days. There were no significant differences in demographics when comparing the two groups. The percent change in coronary blood flow and coronary artery diameter induced by acetylcholine was significantly greater in the Hobby group than in the Non-hobby group (49% +/- 77% vs 25% +/- 37%, P hobbies was the only independent predictor of MACE (odds ratio 8.1 [95% confidence interval 1.60, 41.90], P = 0.01) among the variables tested. In the early stages of arteriosclerosis, enjoying hobbies may improve cardiovascular outcomes via its favorable effects on coronary endothelial function.

Plasma proteomics to identify biomarkers - Application to cardiovascular diseases

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Beck, Hans Christian; Overgaard, Martin; Melholt Rasmussen, Lars

2015-01-01

There is an unmet need for new cardiovascular biomarkers. Despite this only few biomarkers for the diagnosis or screening of cardiovascular diseases have been implemented in the clinic. Thousands of proteins can be analysed in plasma by mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies. Therefore......, this technology may therefore identify new biomarkers that previously have not been associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the key challenges and considerations, including strategies, recent discoveries and clinical applications in cardiovascular proteomics that may lead...

Projections of Demand for Cardiovascular Surgery and Supply of Surgeons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jung Jeung Lee

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Background: While demand for cardiovascular surgery is expected to increase gradually along with the rapid increase in cardiovascular diseases with respect to the aging population, the supply of thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons has been continuously decreasing over the past 10 years. Consequently, this study aims to achieve guidance in establishing health care policy by analyzing the supply and demand for cardiovascular surgeries in the medical service area of Korea. Methods: After investigating the actual number of cardiovascular surgeries performed using the National Health Insurance claim data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, as well as drawing from national statistics concerning the elderly population aged 65 and over, this study estimated the number of future cardiovascular surgeries by using a cell-based model. To be able to analyze the supply and demand of surgeons, the recent status of new surgeons specializing in thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries and the ratio of their subspecialties in cardiovascular surgeries were investigated. Then, while taking three different scenarios into account, the number of cardiovascular surgeons expected be working in 5-year periods was projected. Results: The number of cardiovascular surgeries, which was recorded at 10,581 cases in 2014, is predicted to increase consistently to reach a demand of 15,501 cases in 2040—an increase of 46.5%. There was a total of 245 cardiovascular surgeons at work in 2014. Looking at 5 year spans in the future, the number of surgeons expected to be supplied in 2040 is 184, to retire is 249, and expected to be working is 309—an increase of -24.9%, 1.6%, and 26.1%, respectively compared to those in 2014. This forecasts a demand-supply imbalance in every scenario. Conclusion: Cardiovascular surgeons are the most central resource in the medical service of highly specialized cardiovascular surgeries, and fostering the surgeons requires much time

Perfil cardiovascular em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono Perfil cardiovascular en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño Cardiovascular profile in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fátima Dumas Cintra

2011-04-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS é um fator de risco para várias condições cardiovasculares incluindo aumento na mortalidade cardiovascular. Sendo assim, é essencial o conhecimento das principais repercussões cardiovasculares dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono durante uma avaliação clínica. OBJETIVO: Analisar as características cardiovasculares de pacientes com AOS. MÉTODOS: Pacientes submetidos a polissonografia basal foram consecutivamente selecionados do banco de dados do Instituto do Sono entre março de 2007 e março de 2009. Todos os pacientes foram orientados a comparecer ao ambulatório para coleta de sangue, exame físico, eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações, espirometria, teste cardiopulmonar em esteira ergométrica e ecocardiograma transtorácico. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética e pesquisa e registrado no site http://clinicaltrials.gov/ sob o número: NCT00768625. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 261 pacientes e 108 controles. As principais características dos pacientes com AOS foram: obesidade, hipertensão, baixos níveis plasmáticos de lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL e aumento no diâmetro do átrio esquerdo quando comparados com controles (3,75 ± 0,42; 3,61 ± 0,41, p = 0,001, respectivamente. Essas características associadas correspondem a um acréscimo de 16,6 vezes na probabilidade de ocorrência de AOS independentemente do relato de algum sintoma dessa desordem, como sonolência ou ronco. CONCLUSÃO: Na amostra avaliada, o perfil cardiovascular dos pacientes com AOS mais encontrado foi: obesidade, hipertensão arterial, baixos níveis plasmáticos de HDL e átrio esquerdo com diâmetro aumentado.FUNDAMENTO: Apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS es un factor de riesgo para diversas condiciones cardiovasculares, incluido el aumento en la mortalidad cardiovascular. Por tanto, es imprescindible conocer las principales repercusiones cardiovasculares de los trastornos respiratorios del sue

Laser therapy in cardiovascular disease

Science.gov (United States)

Rindge, David

2009-02-01

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. It is broadly defined to include anything which adversely affects the heart or blood vessels. One-third of Americans have one or more forms of it. By one estimate, average human life expectancy would increase by seven years if it were eliminated. The mainstream medical model seeks mostly to "manage" cardiovascular disease with pharmaceuticals or to surgically bypass or reopen blocked vessels via angioplasty. These methods have proven highly useful and saved countless lives. Yet drug therapy may be costly and ongoing, and it carries the risk of side effects while often doing little or nothing to improve underlying health concerns. Similarly, angioplasty or surgery are invasive methods which entail risk. Laser therapy1 regenerates tissue, stimulates biological function, reduces inflammation and alleviates pain. Its efficacy and safety have been increasingly well documented in cardiovascular disease of many kinds. In this article we will explore the effects of laser therapy in angina, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, stroke and other conditions. The clinical application of various methods of laser therapy, including laserpuncture and transcutaneous, supravascular and intravenous irradiation of blood will be discussed. Implementing laser therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular disease offers the possibility of increasing the health and wellbeing of patients while reducing the costs and enhancing safety of medical care.

Ácidos graxos e doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão Fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases: a review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flávia Emília Leite de LIMA

2000-08-01

Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas a prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares tem aumentado progressivamente, tornando-se um grave problema de saúde pública. Alguns estudos têm demonstrado haver uma associação positiva entre a ingestão de gordura saturada e a prevalência dessas doenças, bem como uma associação negativa com a ingestão de gorduras insaturadas. Esses conhecimentos motivaram uma evolução nas recomendações dos ácidos graxos, visando melhor utilização destes e respeitando-se uma proporção adequada na dieta, a fim de diminuir a prevalência das doenças cardiovasculares. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura médica sobre os estudos desenvolvidos com ácidos graxos e seus possíveis efeitos em doenças cardiovasculares, bem como evolução de suas recomendações através do tempo, tendências de consumo e perspectivas futuras.During the last decades the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has increased progressively, becoming a serious public health problem. Some studies have shown a positive association between saturated fatty acid intake and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and a negative association with unsaturated fatty acids intake. These studies indicate a need to evaluate the different kinds of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated and their effects, aiming at a better utilization and maintaining a suitable proportion in the diet in order to diminish the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this paper is to accomplish a review of the medical literature regarding fatty acids and their effects on cardiovascular diseases, as well as the evolution of their requirements through time, consumption trends and future perspectives.

Coffee and cardiovascular risk; an epidemiological study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A.A.A. Bak (Annette)

1990-01-01

textabstractThis thesis comprises several studies on the effect of coffee and caffeine on cardiovascular risk in general, and the effect on serum lipids, blood pressure and selected hemostatic variables in particular. The association between coffee use and cardiovascular morbidity and

A review on cardiovascular diseases originated from subclinical hypothyroidism.

Science.gov (United States)

Mansourian, Azad Reza

2012-01-15

Thyroid hormones play an important role on the cardiovascular systems and thyroid disorder ultimately have a profound adverse effects on myocardium and vascular functions. There are extensive reports on the role of overt thyroid dysfunction which adversely can modify the cardiovascular metabolism but even at the present of some controversial reports, the subclinical thyroid disorders are able also to manipulate cardiovascular system to some extent. The aim of this study is to review the cardiovascular disorders accompanied with subclinical hypothyroidism. It is concluded that adverse effect of thyroid malfunction on myocardium and vascular organs are through the direct role of thyroid hormone and dyslipidemia on heart muscle cells at nuclear level and vascular system, respectively. It seems many cardiovascular disorders initially would not have been occurred in the first place if the thyroid of affected person had functioned properly, therefore thyroid function tests should be one of a prior laboratory examinations in cardiovascular disorders.

Effects of Vegetables on Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Mechanisms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guo-Yi Tang

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Epidemiological studies have shown that vegetable consumption is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research has indicated that many vegetables like potatoes, soybeans, sesame, tomatoes, dioscorea, onions, celery, broccoli, lettuce and asparagus showed great potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, and vitamins, essential elements, dietary fibers, botanic proteins and phytochemicals were bioactive components. The cardioprotective effects of vegetables might involve antioxidation; anti-inflammation; anti-platelet; regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile; attenuating myocardial damage; and modulating relevant enzyme activities, gene expression, and signaling pathways as well as some other biomarkers associated to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, several vegetables and their bioactive components have been proven to protect against cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials. In this review, we analyze and summarize the effects of vegetables on cardiovascular diseases based on epidemiological studies, experimental research, and clinical trials, which are significant to the application of vegetables in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Nutraceuticals in cardiovascular prevention: lessons from studies on endothelial function.

Science.gov (United States)

Zuchi, Cinzia; Ambrosio, Giuseppe; Lüscher, Thomas F; Landmesser, Ulf

2010-08-01

An "unhealthy" diet is considered as a main cause of increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the industrialized countries. There is a substantial interest in the potential cardiovascular protective effects of "nutraceuticals," that is food-derived substances that exert beneficial health effects. The correct understanding of cardiovascular effects of these compounds will have important implications for cardiovascular prevention strategies. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to play an important role in development and progression of atherosclerosis, and the characterization of the endothelial effects of several nutraceuticals may provide important insights into their potential role in cardiovascular prevention. At the same time, the analysis of the endothelial effects of nutraceuticals may also provide valuable insights into mechanisms of why certain nutraceuticals may not be effective in cardiovascular prevention, and it may aid in the identification of food-derived substances that may have detrimental cardiovascular effects. These findings further support the notion that nutraceuticals do need support from large clinical outcome trials with respect to their efficacy and safety profile for cardiovascular prevention, before their widespread use can be recommended. In fact, the term nutraceutical was coined to encourage an extensive and profound research activity in this field, and numerous large-scale clinical outcome trials to examine the effects of nutraceuticals on cardiovascular events have now been performed or are still ongoing. Whereas it is possible that single nutraceuticals may be effective in cardiovascular prevention, this field of research provides also valuable insights into which food components may be particularly important for cardiovascular prevention, to further advice the composition of a particularly healthy diet. The present review summarizes recent studies on the endothelial effects of several nutraceuticals, that have been

Prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en personas recién diagnosticadas de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Cardiovascular disease prevalence in recent diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Mata-Cases

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de la enfermedad cardiovascular en el momento del diagnóstico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo realizado en un centro de atención primaria urbano entre 1991 y 2000. Revisión de las características clínicas, factores de riesgo y enfermedad cardiovascular el año del diagnóstico de diabetes. Se excluyeron los pacientes sin glucemias previas al diagnóstico. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística para identificar las variables asociadas a la presencia de eventos cardiovasculares. Resultados: De los 598 nuevos casos de diabetes diagnosticados se analizaron los 487 que tenían valores previos de glucemia (media de edad [desviación estándar]: 60,4 [10,9] años; un 53% eran mujeres. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular fue: obesidad 61,1%, hipertensión arterial 71,9%, hipercolesterolemia 52%, hipertrigliceridemia 35,3% y tabaquismo actual 24% o previo 16,6%. El 96,9% tenía algún factor de riesgo cardiovascular y el 53,4% tres o más. Un total de 78 pacientes presentaron enfermedad cardiovascular anterior o detectada durante el primer año de diagnóstico (16%; intervalo de confianza del 95%[IC95%]: 12,8-19,3; varones 21,4% y mujeres 11,2%. La prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular aumentó con el número de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. El análisis de regresión logística mostró una asociación de la enfermedad cardiovascular y la edad >55 años (odds ratio [OR]=2,91; IC95%: 1,46-5,80, el tabaquismo (OR=2,28; IC95%: 1,15-4,51 y los valores de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c >7% (OR=1,85; IC95%: 1,10-3,1. Conclusiones: Se observa una elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo y enfermedad cardiovascular en el momento del diagnóstico de la diabetes; la edad, el tabaquismo y la HbA1c son las variables relacionadas con la enfermedad cardiovascular.Objective: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease at diagnosis of type 2

Cardiovascular Consequences of Obesity and Targets for Treatment

OpenAIRE

Mittendorfer, Bettina; Peterson, Linda R.

2008-01-01

Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease and heart failure, but the mechanisms by which it may cause them are not completely clear. Currently, therapies aimed at obesity-related cardiovascular disease include weight loss strategies and reduction of the other risk factors that are associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Other pathways with for potential drug development for obesity-related CVD are also discussed.

Cardiovascular risk prediction tools for populations in Asia.

Science.gov (United States)

Barzi, F; Patel, A; Gu, D; Sritara, P; Lam, T H; Rodgers, A; Woodward, M

2007-02-01

Cardiovascular risk equations are traditionally derived from the Framingham Study. The accuracy of this approach in Asian populations, where resources for risk factor measurement may be limited, is unclear. To compare "low-information" equations (derived using only age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and smoking status) derived from the Framingham Study with those derived from the Asian cohorts, on the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction. Separate equations to predict the 8-year risk of a cardiovascular event were derived from Asian and Framingham cohorts. The performance of these equations, and a subsequently "recalibrated" Framingham equation, were evaluated among participants from independent Chinese cohorts. Six cohort studies from Japan, Korea and Singapore (Asian cohorts); six cohort studies from China; the Framingham Study from the US. 172,077 participants from the Asian cohorts; 25,682 participants from Chinese cohorts and 6053 participants from the Framingham Study. In the Chinese cohorts, 542 cardiovascular events occurred during 8 years of follow-up. Both the Asian cohorts and the Framingham equations discriminated cardiovascular risk well in the Chinese cohorts; the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve was at least 0.75 for men and women. However, the Framingham risk equation systematically overestimated risk in the Chinese cohorts by an average of 276% among men and 102% among women. The corresponding average overestimation using the Asian cohorts equation was 11% and 10%, respectively. Recalibrating the Framingham risk equation using cardiovascular disease incidence from the non-Chinese Asian cohorts led to an overestimation of risk by an average of 4% in women and underestimation of risk by an average of 2% in men. A low-information Framingham cardiovascular risk prediction tool, which, when recalibrated with contemporary data, is likely to estimate future cardiovascular risk with similar accuracy in Asian

Fundamentos teórico-metodológicos del “cuestionario sobre marcos de orientación ética de estudiantes de la UNED”

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Gilbert Ulloa Brenes

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de las tesis elaboradas por el psicólogo social Erich Fromm (1977 respecto a los marcos de orientación y devoción que guían parte del comportamiento humano en sociedad, se construye un sistema teórico-metodológico cuyo objeto de estudio, categorías, subcategorías y ejes temáticos derivan en un instrumento denominado:“Cuestionario sobre marcos de orientación ética de estudiantes de la UNED”, el cual se utiliza en el proyecto de investigación de la Cátedra de Teología titulado: “¿Enqué creen los jóvenes? Marcos de orientación ética de estudiantes de la UNED”. Interesa que este instrumento sea una herramienta válida para sondear la orientación ética de la población con que se trabaja en ese proyecto y constituya, además, un aporte novedoso en el área de la investigación social en torno a temáticas similares.

38 CFR 4.104 - Schedule of ratings-cardiovascular system.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

...-cardiovascular system. 4.104 Section 4.104 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS SCHEDULE FOR RATING DISABILITIES Disability Ratings The Cardiovascular System § 4.104 Schedule of ratings—cardiovascular system. Diseases of the Heart Rating Note (1): Evaluate cor pulmonale, which is a form of...

Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Percepciones Académicas para la evaluación de las expectativas de los estudiantes de primer año en Enseñanza Superior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Deaño

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Desde una concepción multidimensional de las expectativas, este artículo pretende analizar la validez y precisión psicométrica de una escala para su medida en los estudiantes universitarios de primer año. La muestra (N = 759 estaba compuesta por alumnado de primer año, de diversas titulaciones académicas de la Universidad de Vigo-Campus de Ourense y de la Universidad de Minho. El valor de la Mdn de edad fue de 19, siendo sólo el 5.3% mayor de 23 años. A los participantes se les aplicó un conjunto de 56 ítems agrupados en siete dimensiones diferentes de expectativas. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio, se obtuvieron con el LISREL. Se garantizó la validez factorial, tanto convergente como discriminante de los factores. Ésta junto con su fiabilidad sugieren que el Cuestionario de Percepciones Académicas quedaría finalmente con 42 ítems distribuidos en siete dimensiones de expectativas: Formación para el empleo/carrera, Desarrollo personal y social, Movilidad estudiantil, Implicación política/ciudadanía, Presión social, Calidad de formación e Interacción social. Se comprobó la equivalencia del modelo de medida del instrumento en los dos idiomas y en dos grupos resultantes de la bipartición aleatoria de la muestra. Los resultados de la validez estructural de este estudio avalan la utilización del cuestionario para la medida de las expectativas de los estudiantes que inician por primera vez sus estudios en la Enseñanza Superior.

Cardiovascular services and human resources in Puerto Rico - 2008.

Science.gov (United States)

García-Palmieri, Mario R

2009-01-01

Available information (2004-2008) concerning population statistics, the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular services and human resources in Puerto Rico is presented. Relevant information concerning life expectancy at birth, death by specific causes in a recent four years period, the commonest causes of death, and the related cardiovascular risk factors prevalence data available is included. The surgical and medical interventional services rendered to cardiovascular patients in different institutions and their locations in Puerto Rico in the year 2008 is presented. Some remarks concerning the productivity of physicians by our Schools of Medicine is included. Information about ACGME accredited postgraduate cardiovascular training programs conducted in Puerto Rico is presented. Data concerning the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity obtained by BRFSS in presented.

Cholecystokinin in plasma predicts cardiovascular mortality in elderly females

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gøtze, Jens P.; Rehfeld, Jens F; Alehagen, Urban

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND: Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin are related gastrointestinal hormones with documented cardiovascular effects of exogenous administration. It is unknown whether measurement of endogenous CCK or gastrin in plasma contains information regarding cardiovascular mortality. METHODS......: Mortality risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Elderly patients in a primary care setting with symptoms of cardiac disease, i.e. shortness of breath, peripheral edema, and/or fatigue, were evaluated (n=470). Primary care patients were followed for 13years...... information was obtained from 4th quartile gastrin concentrations on 5-year cardiovascular mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: CCK in plasma is an independent marker of cardiovascular mortality in elderly female patients. The study thus introduces measurement of plasma CCK in gender-specific cardiovascular risk...

Cardiovascular risk calculation

African Journals Online (AJOL)

James A. Ker

2014-08-20

Aug 20, 2014 ... smoking and elevated blood sugar levels (diabetes mellitus). These risk ... These are risk charts, e.g. FRS, a non-laboratory-based risk calculation, and ... for hard cardiovascular end-points, such as coronary death, myocardial ...

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Airline Pilots.

Science.gov (United States)

Lord, Dana; Conlon, Helen Acree

2018-02-01

The health of an airline pilot is imperative to the safe travels of millions of people worldwide. Medical providers evaluate the cardiovascular risks for airline pilots and the medical requirements to obtain and maintain licensure as an airline pilot. It is the role of the occupational health nurse practitioner to evaluate and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in this population.

Diabetes propels the risk for cardiovascular disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Diepen, van Janna A.; Thiem, Kathrin; Stienstra, Rinke; Riksen, Niels P.; Tack, Cees J.; Netea, Mihai G.

2016-01-01

Diabetes strongly predisposes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality in these patients, as well as in the entire population. Hyperglycemia is an important cardiovascular risk factor as shown by the observation that even transient periods of hyperglycemia, despite return

Obstructive Sleep Apnea during REM Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Aurora, R Nisha; Crainiceanu, Ciprian; Gottlieb, Daniel J; Kim, Ji Soo; Punjabi, Naresh M

2018-03-01

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during REM sleep is a common disorder. Data on whether OSA that occurs predominantly during REM sleep is associated with health outcomes are limited. The present study examined the association between OSA during REM sleep and a composite cardiovascular endpoint in a community sample with and without prevalent cardiovascular disease. Full-montage home polysomnography was conducted as part of the Sleep Heart Health Study. The study cohort was followed for an average of 9.5 years, during which time cardiovascular events were assessed. Only participants with a non-REM apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 5 events/h were included. A composite cardiovascular endpoint was determined as the occurrence of nonfatal or fatal events, including myocardial infarction, coronary artery revascularization, congestive heart failure, and stroke. Proportional hazards regression was used to derive the adjusted hazards ratios for the composite cardiovascular endpoint. The sample consisted of 3,265 subjects with a non-REM AHI of less than 5.0 events/h. Using a REM AHI of less than 5.0 events/h as the reference group (n = 1,758), the adjusted hazards ratios for the composite cardiovascular endpoint in those with severe REM OSA (≥30 events/h; n = 180) was 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.85). Stratified analyses demonstrated that the association was most notable in those with prevalent cardiovascular disease and severe OSA during REM sleep with an adjusted hazards ratio of 2.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.46-4.47). Severe OSA that occurs primarily during REM sleep is associated with higher incidence of a composite cardiovascular endpoint, but in only those with prevalent cardiovascular disease.

Toward a cardiovascular pathology training report on the forum held in Vancouver, March 6, 2004, Society for Cardiovascular Pathology

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thiene, Gaetano; Becker, Anton E.; Buja, L. Maximilian; Fallon, John T.; McManus, Bruce M.; Schoen, Frederick J.; Winters, Gayle L.

2005-01-01

Cardiovascular pathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology that requires both clinical education and expertise in contemporary physiopathology. The Society for Cardiovascular Pathology sponsored a special workshop within the frame of the USCAP Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, March 6-12,

Beat to beat variability in cardiovascular variables: noise or music?

Science.gov (United States)

Appel, M. L.; Berger, R. D.; Saul, J. P.; Smith, J. M.; Cohen, R. J.

1989-01-01

Cardiovascular variables such as heart rate, arterial blood pressure, stroke volume and the shape of electrocardiographic complexes all fluctuate on a beat to beat basis. These fluctuations have traditionally been ignored or, at best, treated as noise to be averaged out. The variability in cardiovascular signals reflects the homeodynamic interplay between perturbations to cardiovascular function and the dynamic response of the cardiovascular regulatory systems. Modern signal processing techniques provide a means of analyzing beat to beat fluctuations in cardiovascular signals, so as to permit a quantitative, noninvasive or minimally invasive method of assessing closed loop hemodynamic regulation and cardiac electrical stability. This method promises to provide a new approach to the clinical diagnosis and management of alterations in cardiovascular regulation and stability.

SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cavender, Matthew A; Norhammar, Anna; Birkeland, Kåre I

2018-01-01

BACKGROUND: Prior studies found patients treated with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) had lower rates of death and heart failure (HF). Whether the benefits of SGLT-2i vary based upon the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study sought...... to determine the association between initiation of SGLT-2i therapy and HF or death in patients with and without CVD. METHODS: The CVD-REAL (Comparative Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Users of SGLT-2 Inhibitors) study was a multinational, observational study in which adults with type 2 diabetes...... evidence regarding the benefit of SGLT-2i in patients without established CVD. (Comparative Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Users of SGLT-2 Inhibitors [CVD-REAL]; NCT02993614)....

Cardiovascular risk in individuals with depression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danielle Bivanco-Lima

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVD are both common illnesses. Several studies demonstrated that depressed individuals have higher mortality compared to age-and gender-matched population, with an excess of cardiovascular deaths. There is a bidirectional association between depression and CVD. Several factors can interact and influence this relationship: poverty and social inequality, reduced accessibility to health care, biological alterations (as reduced heart rate variability, endothelial dysfunction, increased inflammation and platelet function, and hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, side effects of psychiatric medication, lower adherence to medical treatments, and higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors (higher tobacco use, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes mellitus. This article aims to update the current evidence of the possible mechanisms involved in the association between depression and CVD.

Pharmacological Strategies to Retard Cardiovascular Aging

Science.gov (United States)

Alfaras, Irene; Di Germanio, Clara; Bernier, Michel; Csiszar, Anna; Ungvari, Zoltan; Lakatta, Edward G.; de Cabo, Rafael

2016-01-01

Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the leading cause of death in the United States. Traditionally, the effort to prevent CVD has been focused on addressing the conventional risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high circulating levels of triglycerides. However, recent preclinical studies have identified new approaches to combat CVD. Calorie restriction has been reproducibly shown to prolong lifespan in various experimental model animals. This has led to the development of calorie restriction mimetics and other pharmacological interventions capable to delay age-related diseases. In this review, we will address the mechanistic effects of aging per se on the cardiovascular system and focus on the pro-longevity benefits of various therapeutic strategies that support cardiovascular health. PMID:27174954

Social networks in cardiovascular disease management.

Science.gov (United States)

Shaya, Fadia T; Yan, Xia; Farshid, Maryam; Barakat, Samer; Jung, Miah; Low, Sara; Fedder, Donald

2010-12-01

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the USA. Social networks have a positive association with obesity, smoking cessation and weight loss. This article summarizes studies evaluating the impact of social networks on the management of cardiovascular disease. The 35 studies included in the article describe the impact of social networks on a decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease, depression and mortality. In addition, having a large-sized social network is also associated with better outcomes and improved health. The role of pharmacists is beginning to play an important role in the patient-centered medical home, which needs to be incorporated into social networks. The patient-centered medical home can serve as an adaptive source for social network evolvement.

Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health.

Science.gov (United States)

Satija, Ambika; Hu, Frank B

2018-02-13

Plant-based diets, defined in terms of low frequency of animal food consumption, have been increasingly recommended for their health benefits. Numerous studies have found plant-based diets, especially when rich in high quality plant foods such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, to be associated with lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes and intermediate risk factors. This review summarizes the current evidence base examining the associations of plant-based diets with cardiovascular endpoints, and discusses the potential biological mechanisms underlying their health effects, practical recommendations and applications of this research, and directions for future research. Healthful plant-based diets should be recommended as an environmentally sustainable dietary option for improved cardiovascular health. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cardiovascular effects of phentermine and topiramate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jordan, Jens; Astrup, Arne; Engeli, Stefan

2014-01-01

Weight loss can reduce the increased cardiovascular risk associated with obesity. Pharmacotherapy is a recognized weight loss treatment option; however, cardiovascular safety issues with some previous weight loss drugs raise concerns for newly approved pharmacotherapies. Phentermine is approved...... for short-term obesity treatment in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, but is commonly used chronically. Topiramate, approved for treating epilepsy and preventing migraines, also induces weight loss. A single-dose combination of low-dose phentermine and topiramate extended-release was recently...... approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention for the chronic treatment of overweight/obese adults. This review summarizes and evaluates the cardiovascular risk/benefit profile associated with phentermine and topiramate, individually and in combination...

Cardiovascular risk scores for coronary atherosclerosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Yalcin, Murat; Kardesoglu, Ejder; Aparci, Mustafa; Isilak, Zafer; Uz, Omer; Yiginer, Omer; Ozmen, Namik; Cingozbay, Bekir Yilmaz; Uzun, Mehmet; Cebeci, Bekir Sitki

2012-10-01

The objective of this study was to compare frequently used cardiovascular risk scores in predicting the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and 3-vessel disease. In 350 consecutive patients (218 men and 132 women) who underwent coronary angiography, the cardiovascular risk level was determined using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), the Modified Framingham Risk Score (MFRS), the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) score, and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). The area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic curves showed that FRS had more predictive value than the other scores for CAD (area under curve, 0.76, P MFRS, PROCAM, and SCORE) may predict the presence and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.The FRS had better predictive value than the other scores.

Diseño y Validación de un Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal para Personas en Situación de Discapacidad Física/ Design and Validation of a Body Image Questionnaire for Physically Disabled Persons/ Desenho e Validação de um Questionário de Imagem Corporal para Pessoas com Necessidades Físicas Especiais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Andrea Botero Soto

2015-05-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio pretendió diseñar y validar el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal para Personas con Discapacidad Física. La muestra incidental estuvo conformada por 114 personas de 18 a 50 años, residentes en Bogotá, que presentaban una discapacidad física. Se diseñaron 40 ítems, evaluados por jueces expertos, se aplicaron a la muestra y se definieron los criterios de calificación. El análisis factorial evidenció la existencia de tres factores constituyentes del constructo de imagen corporal: atractivo, funcionalidad y satisfacción. El cuestionario cumplió con las condiciones de confiabilidad y validez necesarias, por lo que se concluye que es posible utilizarlo, aunque es preciso continuar con el proceso de validación.

Cocoa, chocolate, and cardiovascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Galleano, Monica; Oteiza, Patricia I; Fraga, Cesar G

2009-12-01

A significant body of evidence demonstrates that diets rich in fruits and vegetables promote health and attenuate, or delay, the onset of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, certain cancers, and several other age-related degenerative disorders. The concept that moderate chocolate consumption could be part of a healthy diet has gained acceptance in past years based on the health benefits ascribed to selected cocoa components. Specifically, cocoa as a plant and chocolate as food contain a series of chemicals that can interact with cell and tissue components, providing protection against the development and amelioration of pathological conditions. The most relevant effects of cocoa and chocolate have been related to cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms behind these effects are still under investigation. However, the maintenance or restoration of vascular NO production and bioavailability and the antioxidant effects are the mechanisms most consistently supported by experimental data. This review will summarize the most recent research on the cardiovascular effects of cocoa flavanols and related compounds.

Cardiovascular disease: primary prevention, disease modulation and regenerative therapy.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Sultan, Sherif

2012-10-01

Cardiovascular primary prevention and regeneration programs are the contemporary frontiers in functional metabolic vascular medicine. This novel science perspective harnesses our inherent ability to modulate the interface between specialized gene receptors and bioavailable nutrients in what is labeled as the nutrient-gene interaction. By mimicking a natural process through the conveyance of highly absorbable receptor specific nutrients, it is feasible to accelerate cell repair and optimize mitochondrial function, thereby achieving cardiovascular cure. We performed a comprehensive review of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Review databases for articles relating to cardiovascular regenerative medicine, nutrigenomics and primary prevention, with the aim of harmonizing their roles within contemporary clinical practice. We searched in particular for large-scale randomized controlled trials on contemporary cardiovascular pharmacotherapies and their specific adverse effects on metabolic pathways which feature prominently in cardiovascular regenerative programs, such as nitric oxide and glucose metabolism. Scientific research on \\'cardiovascular-free\\' centenarians delineated that low sugar and low insulin are consistent findings. As we age, our insulin level increases. Those who can decelerate the rapidity of this process are prompting their cardiovascular rejuvenation. It is beginning to dawn on some clinicians that contemporary treatments are not only failing to impact on our most prevalent diseases, but they may be causing more damage than good. Primary prevention programs are crucial elements for a better outcome. Cardiovascular primary prevention and regeneration programs have enhanced clinical efficacy and quality of life and complement our conventional endovascular practice.

Quantitative characterization of myocardial infarction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

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Pauly John M

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR can provide quantitative data of the myocardial tissue utilizing high spatial and temporal resolution along with exquisite tissue contrast. Previous studies have correlated myocardial scar tissue with the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia. This study was conducted to evaluate whether characterization of myocardial infarction by CMR can predict cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM. Results We consecutively studied 86 patients with ICM (LVEF Conclusion Quantification of the scar volume and scar percentage by CMR is superior to LVEDV, LVESV, and LVEF in prognosticating the future likelihood of the development of cardiovascular events in patients with ICM.

Relationships Between Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Fitness.

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Moxley, Elizabeth W; Smith, Donald; Quinn, Lauretta; Park, Chang

2018-07-01

Diabetes is a serious health problem affecting approximately 29.1 million individuals in the United States. Another 86 million have prediabetes. The development and implementation of lifestyle modifications such as physical activity for these persons are among the most effective methods for prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between glycemic control (HbA1c) and cardiovascular fitness (peak maximal oxygen uptake [VO 2 peak] and ventilatory threshold [VT]) in overweight/obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In addition, the influences of body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA %S]) on the relationship between glycemic control and cardiovascular fitness were explored. Data were abstracted from a completed study that included 51 overweight or obese subjects with T2DM ( n = 18), impaired glucose tolerance ( n = 8), or normal glucose tolerance ( n = 25). Relationships between glycemic control (HbA1c) and cardiovascular fitness (VO 2 peak and VT) were determined using correlational analysis and multiple linear regression analyses. A statistically significant relationship was observed between HbA1c and cardiovascular fitness. However, BMI and HOMA %S did not influence the relationship between glycemic control and cardiovascular fitness. HbA1c contributes to VO 2 peak and VT in obese and overweight subjects across glucose tolerance categories. Significant results were achieved despite the fact that there was a limited range of HbA1c based on the study inclusion criteria. This finding suggests that even a mild decrease in glycemic control can negatively influence cardiovascular fitness.

Toxic urban waste's assault on cardiovascular risk

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M.L. De Rosa

2015-03-01

Full Text Available A cardiovascular health survey of 1203 persons in households located near the hazardous waste disposal sites and in a reference community, was conducted from 2009 until today to assess whether rates of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes were elevated among persons living near the sites. Data included medical records of reported cardiovascular disease certificates and hospital admission for cardiovascular diseases from hospital database. The study areas appeared similar with respect to mortality, cancer incidence, and pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, rate ratios were greater than 1.5 for 2 of 19 reported diseases, i.e., angina pectoris, and strokes. The apparent broad-based elevation in reported diseases and symptoms may reflect increased perception or recall of conditions by respondents living near the sites. Our study found that cardiovascular risk is associated only with PM2.5 concentrations, derived from uncontrolled burning of municipal solid waste in particular sites of our country. Their analysis demonstrated a relationship between increased levels of eventual fine particulate pollution and higher rates of death and complications from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Management of solid waste releases a number of toxic substances, most in small quantities and at extremely low levels. Because of the wide range of pollutants, the different pathways of exposure, long-term low-level exposure, and the potential for synergism among the pollutants, concerns remain about potential health effects but there are many uncertainties involved in the assessment. Future community-based health studies should include medical and psychosocial assessment instruments sufficient to distinguish between changes in health status and effects of resident reporting tendency.

[Air pollution and cardiovascular toxicity: known risks].

Science.gov (United States)

Kostrzewa, A; Filleul, L; Eilstein, D; Harrabi, I; Tessier, J F

2004-03-01

Review of studies about epidemiological and physiopathological knowledge of ambient air particles short-term cardio-vascular effects. CURRENTS AND STRONG POINTS: Many studies, in contrasted countries for pollution's sources, meteorological conditions or socio-demographical characteristics, have shown health effects due to ambient air particles. After having studied mainly the respiratory effects of particulate air pollution, epidemiologists are now interested in the cardio-vascular effects of ambient air particles. In fact, serious effects seem to exist in fragile people which can get to emergency department visits, hospitalisation and even death. In addition, studies have shown less serious effects, but likely to be frequent (cardiac symptoms, and stoppages for cardio-vascular causes, notably). The exact mechanism by which particles have cardio-vascular adverse health effects is unknown, but experimental and epidemiological studies have led to several hypotheses: local pulmonary effects seem to be followed by systemic effects, which would be responsible for effects on the electrical activity of the heart through cardiac autonomic dysfunction and effects on the blood supply to the heart. The objective of this work is to summarise epidemiological and physiopathological knowledge about the cardio-vascular effects of ambient air particles. To evaluate the real importance of cardio-vascular effects due to particulate air pollution and to identify their exact mechanism, a more precise knowledge of detailed causes of deaths and hospitalisations and a better knowledge of less serious effects, but likely to be frequent, is necessary. Equally, a detailed identification of fragile people is essential for developing preventive actions.

Preeclampsia: at risk for remote cardiovascular disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Harskamp, Ralf E.; Zeeman, Gerda G.

2007-01-01

Epidemiological data indicate that women with preeclampsia are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Population-based studies relate preeclampsia to an increased risk of later chronic hypertension (RR, 2.00 to 8.00) and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality (RR, 1.3 to

Preeclampsia : At risk for remote cardiovascular disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Harskamp, Ralf E.; Zeeman, Gerda G.

2007-01-01

Epidemiological data indicate that women with preeclampsia are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Population-based studies relate preeclampsia to an increased risk of later chronic hypertension (RR, 2.00 to 8.00) and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality (RR, 1.3 to

Cardiovascular disease among severe mental illness and psychiatric medication

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Sileshi Demelash

2017-01-01

Full Text Available People with mental illness are more likely to have serious coexisting physical health problems than the general population. Although lifestyle and genetics may contribute independent risks of cardiovascular dysfunction in schizophrenia and other serious mental illness, antipsychotic treatment also represents an important contributor to risk of cardiovascular disorder, particularly for certain drugs and for vulnerable patients. Mental health professionals and other health care provider must give emphasis to recognize the clinical signposts indicating mental health related cardiovascular problems to forestall progression to type II diabetes, cardiovascular events and premature death.

Time-dependent effects of cardiovascular exercise on memory

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Roig, Marc; Thomas, Richard; Mang, Cameron S

2016-01-01

We present new evidence supporting the hypothesis that the effects of cardiovascular exercise on memory can be regulated in a time-dependent manner. When the exercise stimulus is temporally coupled with specific phases of the memory formation process, a single bout of cardiovascular exercise may...... be sufficient to improve memory. SUMMARY: The timing of exercise in relation to the information to be remembered is critical to maximize the effects of acute cardiovascular exercise on memory....

Plausible mechanisms explaining the association of periodontitis with cardiovascular diseases

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Loos, B.G.; Teeuw, W.J.; Nicu, E.A.; Lynge Petersen, A.M.

2016-01-01

The association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases is now well established. Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis, coronary heart (artery) disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in congenital heart disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cazacu, A.; Ciubotaru, A.

2010-01-01

The increasing prevalence of congenital heart disease can be attributed to major improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the clinical management strategy of patients with congenital heart disease. The development of new cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques allows comprehensive assessment of complex cardiac anatomy and function and provides information about the long-term residual post-operative lesions and complications of surgery. It overcomes many of the limitations of echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. This review evaluates the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging modality in the management of subject with congenital heart disease (CHD). (authors)

Cardiovascular event-free survival after adjuvant radiation therapy in breast cancer patients stratified by cardiovascular risk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Onwudiwe, Nneka C; Kwok, Young; Onukwugha, Eberechukwu; Sorkin, John D; Zuckerman, Ilene H; Shaya, Fadia T; Daniel Mullins, C

2014-01-01

The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of a cardiovascular event or death associated with modern radiation in a population of elderly female breast cancer patients with varying baseline cardiovascular risk. The data used for this analysis are from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database. The retrospective cohort study included women aged 66 years and older with stage 0–III breast cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2005. Women were grouped as low, intermediate, or high cardiovascular risk based on the presence of certain clinical diagnoses. The risk for the combined outcome of a hospitalization for a cardiovascular event or death within 6 months and 24 months of diagnosis was estimated using a multivariable Cox model. The median follow-up time was 24 months. Among the 91,612 women with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage 0–III breast cancer: 39,555 (43.2%) were treated with radiation therapy and 52,057 (56.8%) were not. The receipt of radiation therapy in the first 6 months was associated with a statistically significant increased risk for the combined outcome in women categorized as high risk (HR = 1.510; 95% CI, 1.396–1.634) or intermediate risk (HR = 1.415; 95% CI, 1.188–1.686) but not low risk (HR = 1.027; 95% CI, 0.798–1.321). Women with a prior medical history of cardiovascular disease treated with radiation therapy are at increased risk for an event and should be monitored for at least 6 months following treatment with radiation therapy

Lipoprotein metabolism indicators improve cardiovascular risk prediction.

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Daniël B van Schalkwijk

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease risk increases when lipoprotein metabolism is dysfunctional. We have developed a computational model able to derive indicators of lipoprotein production, lipolysis, and uptake processes from a single lipoprotein profile measurement. This is the first study to investigate whether lipoprotein metabolism indicators can improve cardiovascular risk prediction and therapy management. METHODS AND RESULTS: We calculated lipoprotein metabolism indicators for 1981 subjects (145 cases, 1836 controls from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort in which NMR lipoprotein profiles were measured. We applied a statistical learning algorithm using a support vector machine to select conventional risk factors and lipoprotein metabolism indicators that contributed to predicting risk for general cardiovascular disease. Risk prediction was quantified by the change in the Area-Under-the-ROC-Curve (ΔAUC and by risk reclassification (Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI. Two VLDL lipoprotein metabolism indicators (VLDLE and VLDLH improved cardiovascular risk prediction. We added these indicators to a multivariate model with the best performing conventional risk markers. Our method significantly improved both CVD prediction and risk reclassification. CONCLUSIONS: Two calculated VLDL metabolism indicators significantly improved cardiovascular risk prediction. These indicators may help to reduce prescription of unnecessary cholesterol-lowering medication, reducing costs and possible side-effects. For clinical application, further validation is required.

Menopause management: a cardiovascular risk-based approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Haines, C J; Farrell, E

2010-08-01

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) remains the gold standard for the management of menopausal symptoms; however, HRT use has declined due to concerns over possible adverse side-effects. Approaches to menopause management are continually being revised and these extend beyond the control of recognized menopausal symptoms to encompass wider aspects of menopausal women's health. Hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk are particularly important unmet needs in postmenopausal women, especially in the Asia-Pacific region which has a rapidly aging population and bears around half of the global burden of cardiovascular disease, two-thirds of which has been attributed to elevated blood pressure. As first point of contact for women with menopausal symptoms, gynecologists play a gatekeeper role in assessing women's health, providing appropriate lifestyle counseling, and, where appropriate, implementing treatment or referral to relevant specialists. This paper, with contributions by gynecologists and cardiologists from Asia Pacific and beyond, summarizes available evidence and provides a treatment algorithm that employs a flexible blood pressure classification strategy to assist physicians in their decision-making for the individualized management of menopausal symptoms in women with low, moderate and high cardiovascular risk, and also for women with diabetes. Individualized HRT according to cardiovascular risk may yield improvements in cardiovascular health, as well as managing menopausal symptoms.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognitive impairment.

Science.gov (United States)

Nash, David T; Fillit, Howard

2006-04-15

The role of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the occurrence and progression of cognitive impairment has been the subject of a significant number of publications but has not achieved widespread recognition among many physicians and educated laymen. It is apparent that the active treatment of certain of these cardiovascular disease risk factors is accompanied by a reduced risk for cognitive impairment. Patients with hypertension who are treated experience fewer cardiovascular disease events as well as less cognitive impairment than similar untreated patients. Patients who exercise may present with less cognitive impairment, and obesity may increase the risk for cognitive impairment. Lipid abnormalities and genetic markers are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment. Autopsy studies have demonstrated a correlation between elevated levels of cholesterol and amyloid deposition in the brain. Research has demonstrated a relation between atherosclerotic obstruction lesions in the circle of Willis and dementia. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment. A number of nonpharmacologic factors have a role in reducing the risk for cognitive impairment. Antioxidants, fatty acids, and micronutrients may have a role, and diets rich in fruits and vegetables and other dietary approaches may improve the outlook for patients considered at risk for cognitive impairment.

Cardiovascular risk factors in men

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gyllenborg, J; Rasmussen, S L; Borch-Johnsen, Knut

2001-01-01

Males have higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than premenopausal females. Gonadal steroids are probably involved in the gender difference in CVD, but previous results have been conflicting. We investigated the associations between CVD risk factors and sex hormones in a cross-sectional de......Males have higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than premenopausal females. Gonadal steroids are probably involved in the gender difference in CVD, but previous results have been conflicting. We investigated the associations between CVD risk factors and sex hormones in a cross...

Cardiovascular disease incidence and survival

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Byberg, Stine; Agyemang, Charles; Zwisler, Ann Dorthe

2016-01-01

Studies on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and survival show varying results between different ethnic groups. Our aim was to add a new dimension by exploring the role of migrant status in combination with ethnic background on incidence of-and survival from-CVD and more specifically acute...... of some types of cardiovascular disease compared to Danish-born. Family-reunified migrants on the other hand had lower rates of CVD. All migrants had better survival than Danish-born indicating that migrants may not always be disadvantaged in health....

Cardiovascular disease after cancer therapy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aleman, Berthe M P; Moser, Elizabeth C; Nuver, Janine

2014-01-01

Improvements in treatment and earlier diagnosis have both contributed to increased survival for many cancer patients. Unfortunately, many treatments carry a risk of late effects including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), possibly leading to significant morbidity and mortality. In this paper we......, and the mechanisms involved, as well as the extent to which treatments may increase CVD indirectly by increasing cardiovascular risk factors is also important. Systematic collection of data relating treatment details to late effects is needed, and great care is needed to obtain valid and generalisable results...

Childhood cardiovascular risk factors in South Asians: A cause of concern for adult cardiovascular disease epidemic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prasad, Duggirala Sivaram; Kabir, Zubair; Dash, Ashok Kumar; Das, Bhagabati Charan

2011-01-01

Cardiovascular risk factors in children are increasing at an alarming rate in the western world. However, there is limited information regarding these in the South Asian children. This review attempts at summarizing such evidence. South Asians are remarkable for the earlier onset of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) by almost a decade compared to the Caucasians. We identified published literature, mainly on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library using specific search terms such as lipid abnormalities, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy dietary practices. Atherosclerotic CVD processes begin early in childhood and are influenced over the life course by genetic and potentially modifiable risk factors and environmental exposure. 80% of adult CVD burden will fall on the developing nations by 2020. The concept of primordial prevention is fast emerging as a necessary prevention tool to curb adult CVD epidemic. Established guidelines and proven preventive strategies on cardiovascular health exist; however, are always implemented half-heartedly. Composite screening and prediction tools for adults can be adapted and validated in children tailored to South Asian population. South Asian children could be at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors at an earlier stage, thus, timely interventions are imperative

Cardiovascular risk prediction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)