Stannate conversion coatings on Mg-8Li alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Lihui; Zhang Milin; Li Junqing; Yu Xiang; Niu Zhongyi

2009-01-01

The stannate conversion coatings (SnCC) on Mg-8Li alloy were investigated by simple immersion method. The surface morphology and composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) techniques. The corrosion resistance was assessed by means of potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The effects of time of a stannate bath on the quality of stannate conversion coatings were investigated by SEM and EIS. It was found that the coating particles were mainly composed of hemispherical particles MgSnO 3 .3H 2 O. A comparison of results revealed the coating treated for 60 min exhibited the most uniform, dense and corrosion-resistant

Time Temperature-Precipitation Behavior in An Al-Cu-Li Alloy 2195

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, P. S.; Bhat, B. N.

1999-01-01

Al-Cu-Li alloy 2195, with its combination of good cryogenic properties, low density, and high modulus, has been selected by NASA to be the main structural alloy of the Super Light Weight Tank (SLWT) for the Space Shuttle. Alloy 2195 is strengthened by an aging treatment that precipitates a particular precipitate, labeled as T1(Al2CuLi). Other phases, such as GP zone, (theta)', (theta)", theta, (delta)', S' are also present in this alloy when artificially aged. Cryogenic strength and fracture toughness are critical to the -SLWT application, since the SLWT will house liquid oxygen and hydrogen. Motivation for the Time-Temperature-Precipitation (TTP) study at lower temperature (lower than 350 F) comes in part from a recent study by Chen, The study found that the cryogenic fracture toughness of alloy 2195 is greatly influenced by the phases present in the matrix and subgrain boundaries. Therefore, the understanding of TTP behavior can help develop a guideline to select appropriate heat treatment conditions for the desirable applications. The study of TTP behavior at higher temperature (400 to 1000 F) was prompted by the fact that the SLWT requires a welded construction. Heat conduction from the weld pool affects the microstructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), which leads to changes in the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the SLWT may need repair welding for more than one time and any additional thermal cycles will increase precipitate instability and promote phase transformation. As a result considerable changes in HAZ microstructure and mechanical properties are expected during the construction of the SLWT. Therefore, the TTP diagrams can serve to understand the thermal history of the alloy by analyzing the welded microstructure. In the case welding, the effects of thermal cycles on the microstructure and mechanical properties can be predicted with the aid of the TTP diagrams. The 2195 alloy (nominally Al + 4 pct Cu + 1 pct Li + 0.3 pct Ag + 0.3 pct Mg + 0

The role of anodic dissolution in the stress corrosion cracking of Al-Li-Cu alloy 2090

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchheit, R.G. Jr.; Wall, F.D.; Stoner, G.E.; Moran, J.P.

1991-01-01

The short-transverse (S-T) stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of Al-Li-CU alloy 2090 was studied using a static load SCC test technique. Time to failure was measured as a function of applied potential in several different environments. Rapid SCC failures ( br, T1 applied br, matrix where potentials refer to the breakaway potentials of the subgrain boundary T 1 (Al 2 CuLi) phase and the α-Al matrix phase. E br values were measured using potentiodynamic polarization of bulk materials intended to simulate the individual phases found in the subgrain boundary region. Results strongly suggest an anodic dissolution based SCC mechanism for this alloy where selective dissolution of T 1 on the subgrain boundary is a critical step. The unusual pre-exposure embrittlement phenomenon demonstrated by Al- Li alloys is also shown to be consistent with these simple SCC criteria. 21 refs., 9 figs., 6 tabs

Investigations in situ des mécanismes de corrosion élémentaires durant le traitement de surface des alliages Al-Cu et Al-Cu-Li

OpenAIRE

Gharbi , Oumaïma

2016-01-01

This PhD thesis focused on the study of aluminum alloys, particularly the AA2024-T3 and AA2050-T3. The Al-Cu-Mg based alloy (AA2024-T3) are used for decades in the field of aerospace for its lightness and excellent mechanical properties are progressively replaced by and Al-Cu-Li (AA2050-T3) alloys. Nevertheless, they exhibit a highly heterogeneous microstructure, making them sensitive to corrosion. Several surface treatments formulations, such as coatings, have been developed, with the aim of...

Phase diagrams of aluminium alloys of Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Mg-Si-Cu, and Al-Mg-Li system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ber, L.B.; Kaputkin, E.Ya.

2001-01-01

Isothermal diagrams of phase transformations (DPT) and temperature-time charts (TTC) of variation of electric conductivity and of mechanical features at tension were plotted following thermal treatment according to the pattern of direct hardening and ageing and according to the pattern of normal aging for D16 commercial alloy, Al-Cu-Mg model alloy of the same system, AD37 commercial alloys of Al-Mg-Si-Cu and 1424 one of Al-Li-Mg system. Phase transformations were studied by means of fluorescence electron microscopy, micro-X-ray spectral analysis, X-ray phase analysis of single crystals and polycrystals and differential scanning calorimetry. For every alloy comparison of TTC and DPT enables to clarity the mechanism of phase composition effect on features and to optimize conditions of hardening cooling and ageing [ru

Microstructure-property relationships in Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg Weldalite (tm) alloys, part 2

Science.gov (United States)

Langan, T. J.; Pickens, J. R.

1991-01-01

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the ultrahigh strength Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg alloy, Weldalite (tm) 049, were studied. Specifically, the microstructural features along with tensile strength, weldability, Young's modulus and fracture toughness were studied for Weldalite (tm) 049 type alloys with Li contents ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 wt. pct. The tensile properties of Weldalite 049 and Weldalite 049 reinforced with TiB2 particles fabricated using the XD (tm) process were also evaluated at cryogenic, room, and elevated temperatures. In addition, an experimental alloy, similar in composition to Weldalite 049 but without the Ag+Mg, was fabricated. The microstructure of this alloy was compared with that of Weldalite 049 in the T6 condition to assess the effect of Ag+Mg on nucleation of strengthening phases in the absence of cold work.

Copper and CuNi alloys substrates for HTS coated conductor applications protected from oxidation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Segarra, M; Diaz, J; Xuriguera, H; Chimenos, J M; Espiell, F [Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, Univ. of Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain); Miralles, L [Lab. d' Investigacio en Formacions Geologiques. Dept. of Petrology, Geochemistry and Geological Prospecting, Univ. of Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain); Pinol, S [Inst. de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Spain)

2003-07-01

Copper is an interesting substrate for HTS coated conductors for its low cost compared to other metallic substrates, and for its low resistivity. Nevertheless, mechanical properties and resistance to oxidation should be improved in order to use it as substrate for YBCO deposition by non-vacuum techniques. Therefore, different cube textured CuNi tapes were prepared by RABIT as possible substrates for deposition of high critical current density YBCO films. Under the optimised conditions of deformation and annealing, all the studied CuNi alloys (2%, 5%, and 10% Ni) presented (100) left angle 001 right angle cube texture which is compatible for YBCO deposition. Textured CuNi alloys present higher tensile strength than pure copper. Oxidation resistance of CuNi tapes under different oxygen atmospheres was also studied by thermogravimetric analysis and compared to pure copper tapes. Although the presence of nickel improves mechanical properties of annealed copper, it does not improve its oxidation resistance. However, when a chromium buffer layer is electrodeposited on the tape, oxygen diffusion is slowed down. Chromium is, therefore, useful for protecting copper and CuNi alloys from oxidation although its recrystallisation texture, (110), is not suitable for coated conductors. (orig.)

Effect of Ti content on structure and properties of Al2CrFeNiCoCuTix high-entropy alloy coatings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qiu, X.W.; Zhang, Y.P.; Liu, C.G.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding. • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x coatings show excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x coatings play a good protective effect on Q235 steel. • Ti element promotes the formation of a BCC structure in a certain extent. -- Abstract: The Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The structure, hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and magnetic property were studied by metallurgical microscope, scanning electron microscopy with spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction, micro/Vickers hardness tester, electrochemical workstation tribometer and multi-physical tester. The result shows that, Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy samples consist of the cladding zone, bounding zone, heat affected zone and substrate zone. The bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate of a good combination; the cladding zone is composed mainly of equiaxed grains and columnar crystal; the phase structure of Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings simple for FCC, BCC and Laves phase due to high-entropy affect. Ti element promotes the formation of a BCC structure in a certain extent. Compared with Q235 steel, the free-corrosion current density of Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings is reduced by 1–2 orders of magnitude, the free-corrosion potential is more “positive”. With the increasing of Ti content, the corrosion resistance of Al 2 CrFeCoCuNiTi x high-entropy alloy coatings enhanced in 0.5 mol/L HNO 3 solution. Compared with Q235 steel, the relative wear resistance of Al 2 CrFeCoCuNiTi x high-entropy alloy coatings has improved greatly; both the hardness and plasticity are affecting wear resistance. Magnetization loop shows that, Ti 0.0 high-entropy alloy is a kind of soft magnetic materials

The effect of quench rate on the microstructure and properties of AF/C-458 and AF/C-489 Al-Li-Cu-X alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Csontos, A.A.; Gable, B.M.; Starke, E.A. Jr. [Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA (United States). Dept. of Mater. Sci. and Eng.; Gaber, A.

2000-07-01

The air force recently developed two isotropic Al-Li-Cu-X alloys with 1.8{sup w}/oLiLi and 2.1{sup w}/oLi designated AF/C-458 and AF/C-489, respectively. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of quench rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AF/C-458 and AF/C-489 alloys. TEM, SEM, microhardness, and tensile testing were utilized to ascertain these microstructure/property relationships for both alloys in the T4, T6, and T86 tempers as a function of quench rate. Subsequent losses in ductility for both alloys in all tempers with decreasing quench rate were determined to be due to the precipitation of the equilibrium Al{sub 2}CuLi (T{sub 1}) phase along subgrain and grain boundaries which promoted intergranular fracture. Furthermore, yield and tensile strengths increased for both alloys in the T4 temper but decreased in the T6 and T86 tempers with decreasing quench rate. The increased strengths for the T4 condition resulted from the heterogeneous precipitation of coarse T{sub 1} and naturally aged {delta}' phases. The decrease in yield and tensile strengths for the T6 and T86 tempers were also due to the coarse heterogeneous precipitation of T{sub 1} which denuded regions of Cu thereby reducing the number density of fine matrix {theta}{sup ''} (T6) and T{sub 1} (T86). Finally, a comparison of the quench sensitivity for both the AF/C-458 and AF/C-489 alloys indicates that the mechanical properties for both alloys were less quench rate sensitive than other typical Al-Li-Cu-X alloys. (orig.)

CuLi2Sn and Cu2LiSn: Characterization by single crystal XRD and structural discussion towards new anode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Fürtauer, Siegfried; Effenberger, Herta S; Flandorfer, Hans

2014-12-01

The stannides CuLi 2 Sn (CSD-427095) and Cu 2 LiSn (CSD-427096) were synthesized by induction melting of the pure elements and annealing at 400 °C. The phases were reinvestigated by X-ray powder and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Within both crystal structures the ordered CuSn and Cu 2 Sn lattices form channels which host Cu and Li atoms at partly mixed occupied positions exhibiting extensive vacancies. For CuLi 2 Sn, the space group F-43m. was verified (structure type CuHg 2 Ti; a =6.295(2) Å; wR 2 ( F ²)=0.0355 for 78 unique reflections). The 4( c ) and 4( d ) positions are occupied by Cu atoms and Cu+Li atoms, respectively. For Cu 2 LiSn, the space group P 6 3 / mmc was confirmed (structure type InPt 2 Gd; a =4.3022(15) Å, c =7.618(3) Å; wR 2 ( F ²)=0.060 for 199 unique reflections). The Cu and Li atoms exhibit extensive disorder; they are distributed over the partly occupied positions 2( a ), 2( b ) and 4( e ). Both phases seem to be interesting in terms of application of Cu-Sn alloys as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Superplastic deformation of P/M and I/M Al-Li based alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lederich, R.J.; Sastry, S.M.L.

1984-01-01

Incremental strain-rate and constant strain-rate cone-forming tests have been carried out at 450-550 C to investigate the superplastic forming characteristics of Al-Li-Cu-Mn, Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr, and Al-Li-Zn-Mg alloys processed by powder-metallurgy (P/M) and ingot-metallurgy (I/M) techniques. It is found that P/M Al-Li alloys containing 0.2 pct Zr are inherently superplastically formable without the need for extensive thermomechanical processing. I/M Al-Li alloys containing Zr are also superplastically formable. The mechanical properties of the superplastically formed and solution-treated-and-aged alloys are comparable to those of solution-treated-and-aged alloys before superplastic forming. 6 references

Study on the characteristics of the impingement erosion-corrosion for Cu-Ni Alloy sprayed coating(I)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Sang Yeol; Lim, Uh Joh; Yun, Byoung Du

1998-01-01

Impingement erosion-corrosion test and electrochemical corrosion test in tap water(5000Ω-cm) and seawater(25Ω-cm). Thermal spraying coated Cu-Ni alloy on the carbon steel was carried out. The impingement erosion-corrosion behavior and electrochemical corrosion characteristics of the substrate(SS41) and Cu-Ni thermal spray coating were investigated. The erosion-corrosion control efficiency of Cu-Ni coating to substrate was also estimated quantitatively. Main results obtained are as follows : 1) Under the flow velocity of 13m/s, impingement erosion-corrosion of Cu-Ni coating is under the control of electrochemical corrosion factor rather than that of mechanical erosion. 2) The corrosion potential of Cu-Ni coating becomes more noble than that of substrate, and the current density of Cu-Ni coating under the corrosion potential is drained lowly than that of substrate. 3) The erosion-corrosion control efficiency of Cu-Ni coating to substrate is excellent in the tap water of high specific resistance solution, but it becomes dull in the seawater of low specific resistance. 4) The corrosion control efficiency of Cu-Ni coating to substrate in the seawater appears to be higher than that in the tap water

An environment-friendly phosphate chemical conversion coating on novel Mg-9Li-7Al-1Sn and Mg-9Li-5Al-3Sn-1Zn alloys with remarkable corrosion protection

Science.gov (United States)

Maurya, Rita; Siddiqui, Abdul Rahim; Balani, Kantesh

2018-06-01

An environment-friendly phosphate chemical conversion (PCC) coating has been deposited on novel LAT971 (Mg-9 wt%Li-7 wt%Al-1 wt%Sn) and LATZ9531 (Mg-9 wt%Li-5 wt%Al-3 wt%Sn-1 wt%Zn) alloys for improving their corrosion resistance. A dense and homogeneous flower like morphology (∼30 μm thick) was observed on the PCC coated Mg-Li based alloys. The presence of calcium hydrogen phosphate hydrate, tricalcium phosphate and trimagnesium phosphate were confirmed from the X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. A lower corrosion current density of 6.74 × 10-7 mA/cm2 and 5.39 × 10-7 mA/cm2 was obtained for PCC coated alloys in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution than that of uncoated LAT971 (0.82 mA/cm2) and LATZ9531 (0.34 mA/cm2) alloys, respectively, which offers corrosion protection efficiency of >99%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has revealed that the inner PCC coating (at coating/substrate interface) delay the direct contact between electrolyte and substrate, which offered higher charge transfer resistance (>4 orders of magnitude) than that of uncoated alloys. Thus, the PCC coating provides an effective corrosion protection to the ultra-lightweight LAT971 and LATZ9531 alloys surface and may be helpful in proving good anchoring with the top organic coatings or paints.

Microstructure development and properties of the AlCuFe quasicrystalline coating on near-{alpha} titanium alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moskalewicz, T., E-mail: tmoskale@agh.edu.pl [Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, PL-30-059 Krakow, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30 (Poland); Kot, M. [Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, PL-30-059 Krakow, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30 (Poland); Wendler, B. [Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lodz, PL-90 924 Lodz, ul. Stefanowskiego 1 (Poland)

2011-11-01

A protective quasicrystalline AlFeCu coating was deposited on TIMETAL 834 substrate by nonreactive magnetron sputtering in order to improve resistance of the alloy to oxidation. Microstructure characterisation of the substrate and the coating was performed by analytical scanning- and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffractometry. Depending on annealing temperature and time, the deposited coating (2.7 {mu}m thick) has a different microstructure. The coating in Specimen 1 (annealed 600 deg. C/4 h in vacuum) consisted of two zones: outer, composed of Al{sub 5}Fe{sub 2} and Al{sub 2}Cu{sub 3} phases and inner, in which only quasicrystalline {psi} phase was present. The coating in Specimen 2 (annealed 600 deg. C/4 h + 700 deg. C/2 h in vacuum) was fully quasicrystalline and consisted of icosahedral {psi} phase. Both coatings exhibit higher microhardness than the substrate material. It was established that the applied surface treatment essentially improves oxidation resistance of the alloy tested at 750 deg. C during 250 h in static air. Sample weight gain was 60% lower than in the case of uncoated sample. Oxide scale spallation occurred for uncoated alloy while the coated one did not show any spallation. It was found that the very brittle scale formed during oxidation on the uncoated alloy was consisting of TiO{sub 2}, while that on the coated one consisted mainly of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.

Self-healing Li-Al layered double hydroxide conversion coating modified with aspartic acid for 6N01 Al alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Caixia; Luo, Xiaohu; Pan, Xinyu; Liao, Liying; Wu, Xiaosong; Liu, Yali

2017-01-01

Highlights: • A self-healing chrome-free Li-Al layered double hydroxide conversion coating modified with Aspartic acid was prepared. • One-step conversion coating formed by simple immersion in a conversion solution for a short time and a low temperature. • The conversion coating had excellent corrosion resistance. • The possible mechanism via exchange/self-assembly of the conversion coating was proposed in this paper. - Abstract: A self-healing Li-Al layered double hydroxide conversion coating (LCC) modified with aspartic acid (ALCC) was prepared on 6N01 Al alloy for corrosion protection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that a compact thin film has been successfully formed on the alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectra proved that species of aspartic acid anions were successfully intercalated into LCC. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and neutral salt spray (NSS) testing showed that the resultant ALCC could provide effective corrosion protection for the Al alloy. During immersion of the ALCC-coated alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution, new film was formed in the area of artificially introduced scratch, indicating its self-healing capability. XPS results demonstrated that Cl- anions exchange partial Asp anions according to the change content of element on conversion coating. From the above results, the possible mechanism via exchange/self-assembly was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of self-healing.

Self-healing Li-Al layered double hydroxide conversion coating modified with aspartic acid for 6N01 Al alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Caixia; Luo, Xiaohu; Pan, Xinyu; Liao, Liying; Wu, Xiaosong; Liu, Yali, E-mail: yaliliu@hnu.edu.cn

2017-02-01

Highlights: • A self-healing chrome-free Li-Al layered double hydroxide conversion coating modified with Aspartic acid was prepared. • One-step conversion coating formed by simple immersion in a conversion solution for a short time and a low temperature. • The conversion coating had excellent corrosion resistance. • The possible mechanism via exchange/self-assembly of the conversion coating was proposed in this paper. - Abstract: A self-healing Li-Al layered double hydroxide conversion coating (LCC) modified with aspartic acid (ALCC) was prepared on 6N01 Al alloy for corrosion protection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that a compact thin film has been successfully formed on the alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectra proved that species of aspartic acid anions were successfully intercalated into LCC. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and neutral salt spray (NSS) testing showed that the resultant ALCC could provide effective corrosion protection for the Al alloy. During immersion of the ALCC-coated alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution, new film was formed in the area of artificially introduced scratch, indicating its self-healing capability. XPS results demonstrated that Cl- anions exchange partial Asp anions according to the change content of element on conversion coating. From the above results, the possible mechanism via exchange/self-assembly was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of self-healing.

Studies on Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag-Zr alloy processed through vacuum induction melting (VIM) technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nayan, Niraj; Govind; Nair, K. Suseelan; Mittal, M.C.; Sudhakaran, K.N.

2007-01-01

A new technique of lithium addition has been adapted for the processing of Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg-Zr alloy, which gives more than 90% recovery of lithium throughout the billet. Processing studies on this alloy include casting, three step homogenization, to avoid incipient melting, and mechanical working particularly forging and rolling. The products in the form of sheets were subjected to various T6 (solution treatment + water quenching + aging) tempers. Mechanical properties were evaluated at room temperature and correlated with microstructure. Characterizations using optical microscope and post-fracture analysis have been carried out using Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental investigation shows highest mechanical properties for the Al-1.3%Li alloy in T6 (500 deg. C/1 h + WQ + 190 deg. C/24 h) condition

Atomic simulations for configurations and solid-liquid interface of Li-Fe and Li-Cu icosahedra

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Jianyu, E-mail: hnieyjy@aliyun.com [Hunan Institute of Engineering (China); Hu, Wangyu [Hunan University, College of Materials Science and Engineering (China); Dai, Xiongying [Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Science (China)

2017-04-15

The melting point of Li is lower than that of Fe (or Cu); thus, solid-liquid interfaces can be easily formed on Li-Fe and Li-Cu nanoalloys. In this work, the configurations and solid-liquid interfaces of Li-Fe and Li-Cu icosahedra are studied using Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods. The atomic interactions are described by the analytic embedded-atom method. The dependence of composition, temperature, and nanoparticle size on the configurations and thermal stabilities of nanoalloys is discussed. The behavior of the Li-Fe and Li-Cu nanoalloys in segregation, configuration, and thermal stability is investigated. A different behavior of surface segregation of Li atoms is observed for the two types of nanoalloys. The interface between the Li and Fe atoms is clear. Mixing of Li with Cu at larger nanoparticle sizes is found because of low heat of formation in the system. The configurations of the Li-Fe and Li-Cu nanoalloys are related to the competition between surface segregation and alloying. The thermal stability of Li in the two types of nanoalloys is enhanced by the support of the Fe (or Cu) solid substrate.

Al-Li alloy 1441 for fuselage applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bird, R.K.; Dicus, D.L. [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA (United States). Langley Research Center; Fridlyander, J.N.; Sandler, V.S.

2000-07-01

A cooperative investigation was conducted to evaluate Al-Cu-Mg-Li alloy 1441 for long service life fuselage applications. Alloy 1441 is currently being used for fuselage applications on the Russian Be- 103 amphibious aircraft, and is expected to be used for fuselage skin on a new Tupolev business class aircraft. Alloy 1441 is cold-rollable and has several attributes that make it attractive for fuselage skin applications. These attributes include lower density and higher specific modulus with similar strength as compared to conventional Al-Cu-Mg alloys. Cold-rolled 1441 Al-Li sheet specimens were tested at NASA Langley research center (LaRC) and at the All-Russia Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM) in Russia to evaluate tensile properties, fracture toughness, impact resistance, fatigue life and fatigue crack growth rate. In addition, fuselage panels were fabricated by Tupolev Design Bureau (TDB) using 1441 skins and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy stiffeners. The panels were subjected to cyclic pressurization fatigue tests at TDB and at LaRC to simulate fuselage pressurization/depressurization during aircraft service. This paper discusses the results from this investigation. (orig.)

Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in rolled Al-Li based alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mizera, J.; Kurzydlowski, K.J.

2001-01-01

Studied were carried out on the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect in binary, ternary and quaternary Al-Li alloys and in the commercial 8090 alloy. The correlation between the serration characteristic, the rolling degree and the straining orientation has been analysed. The fact that the presence of the Cu-containing precipitates intensifies the PLC effects suggests, that these are primarily related to the interactions between the dislocations and the semi-coherent T 1 (Al 2 CuLi) precipitates. The analysis of the PLC effect in Al-Li alloys shows that the serrations in the stress-strain curve exhibit a profound degree of anisotropy. Most pronounced PLC effects are observed along the rolling and transverse directions. (author)

Impact of Annealing Prior to Solution Treatment on Aging Precipitates and Intergranular Corrosion Behavior of Al-Cu-Li Alloy 2050

Science.gov (United States)

Ye, Zhi-hao; Cai, Wen-xin; Li, Jin-feng; Chen, Xiang-rong; Zhang, Rui-feng; Birbilis, Nick; Chen, Yong-lai; Zhang, Xu-hu; Ma, Peng-cheng; Zheng, Zi-qiao

2018-04-01

The influences of annealing prior to solution treatment on the grain structure, subsequent aging precipitates, and intergranular corrosion (IGC) of Al-Cu-Li alloy (AA2050) sheet with T6 aging at 448 K (175 °C) were investigated. Annealing impedes the full recrystallization during solution treatment, increasing the population density of T1 (Al2CuLi) precipitates, but decreasing that of θ' (Al2Cu) precipitates, of the aged alloy. Meanwhile, annealing leads to the heterogeneous distribution of T1 precipitates, increasing the alloy hardness, and decreasing the open-circuit potential of the aged alloy. With prolonged aging time, the corrosion mode of the aged AA2050 samples with and without annealing evolved in a similar manner. The corrosion mode as a function of aging may be summarized as local IGC with pitting and general IGC with pitting (following initial aging and under the underaged condition), pitting corrosion (later in the under-aging stage), pitting with slight IGC (near the peak-aged condition), and pitting with local IGC (under the overaging condition). The annealing treatment hinders IGC propagation on the rolling surface while accelerating the IGC on transverse surfaces.

Study of microstructural evolution in friction-stir welded thin-sheet Al-Cu-Li alloy using transmission-electron microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shukla, A.K.; Baeslack, W.A.

2007-01-01

Microstructure evolution in friction-stir welded thin-sheet Al-Cu-Li alloy was studied using transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) and the dissolution and coarsening of T 1 and θ' precipitates were related to the microhardness profile of the weld

Cu-Au alloy nanostructures coated with aptamers: a simple, stable and highly effective platform for in vivo cancer theranostics

Science.gov (United States)

Ye, Xiaosheng; Shi, Hui; He, Xiaoxiao; Yu, Yanru; He, Dinggeng; Tang, Jinlu; Lei, Yanli; Wang, Kemin

2016-01-01

As a star material in cancer theranostics, photoresponsive gold (Au) nanostructures may still have drawbacks, such as low thermal conductivity, irradiation-induced melting effect and high cost. To solve the problem, copper (Cu) with a much higher thermal conductivity and lower cost was introduced to generate a novel Cu-Au alloy nanostructure produced by a simple, gentle and one-pot synthetic method. Having the good qualities of both Cu and Au, the irregularly-shaped Cu-Au alloy nanostructures showed several advantages over traditional Au nanorods, including a broad and intense near-infrared (NIR) absorption band from 400 to 1100 nm, an excellent heating performance under laser irradiation at different wavelengths and even a notable photostability against melting. Then, via a simple conjugation of fluorophore-labeled aptamers on the Cu-Au alloy nanostructures, active targeting and signal output were simultaneously introduced, thus constructing a theranostic platform based on fluorophore-labeled, aptamer-coated Cu-Au alloy nanostructures. By using human leukemia CCRF-CEM cancer and Cy5-labeled aptamer Sgc8c (Cy5-Sgc8c) as the model, a selective fluorescence imaging and NIR photothermal therapy was successfully realized for both in vitro cancer cells and in vivo tumor tissues. It was revealed that Cy5-Sgc8c-coated Cu-Au alloy nanostructures were not only capable of robust target recognition and stable signal output for molecular imaging in complex biological systems, but also killed target cancer cells in mice with only five minutes of 980 nm irradiation. The platform was found to be simple, stable, biocompatible and highly effective, and shows great potential as a versatile tool for cancer theranostics.As a star material in cancer theranostics, photoresponsive gold (Au) nanostructures may still have drawbacks, such as low thermal conductivity, irradiation-induced melting effect and high cost. To solve the problem, copper (Cu) with a much higher thermal conductivity

Correlation of microstructures, aging treatments, and properties of Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr I/M and P/M alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kar, R.J.; Bohlen, J.W.; Chanani, G.R.

1984-01-01

In a Northrop research program on Al-Li based alloys, the microstructures and heat treatment characteristics of two Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys, one I/M (ingot metallurgy) and one P/M (powder metallurgy), were examined and correlated with properties obtained. Prior work had shown that this alloy system has a high payoff potential for aircraft applications. Following solution-heat-treatments, the artificial aging response of these alloys was determined, using hardness measurements. Microstructural characterization of these alloys was carried out using optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and phases were identified using X-ray methods, electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. The tensile and fracture toughness properties of the alloys were determined for selected tempers. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) fracture examination was carried out on fractured tensile and fracture toughness coupons. The mechanical properties obtained and fracture behavior observed were correlated with significant microstructural features. 16 references

Corrosion behavior of Zr-x(Nb, Sn and Cu) binary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, M. H.; Lee, M. H.; Park, S. Y.; Jung, Y. H.; We, M. Y.

1999-01-01

For the development of advanced zirconium alloys for nuclear fuel cladding, the corrosion behaviors of zirconium binary alloys were studied on the Zr-xNb, Zr-xSn, and Zr-xCu alloys. The corrosion test were performed in water at 360 deg C, steam at 400 deg C and LiOH at 360 deg C for 45 days. The corrosion behaviors of Zr-xNb was similar to that of Zr-xCu alloys. However, the corrosion behavior of Zr-xSn was different from Zr-xNb and Zr-xCu. The weight gain of Zr-xNb and Zr-xCu was increased with addition of alloying elements. When Sn is added to Zr matrix in range below the solubility limit, the corrosion resistance decrease with increasing Sn-content, while in the range over solubility limit, Sn has an adverse effect on the corrosion resistance. Especially, Zr-xSn alloys showed higher corrosion resistance than Zr-xNb and Zr-xCu alloys in LiOH solution

Characteristics and corrosion studies of vanadate conversion coating formed on Mg-14 wt%Li-1 wt%Al-0.1 wt%Ce alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma Yibin [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Li Ning, E-mail: lininghit@263.net [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Li Deyu [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Zhang Milin; Huang Xiaomei [Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China)

2012-11-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Vanadate film forms on the surface of Mg-Li-Al-Ce alloy. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Vanadate coating improves the corrosion resistance. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Vanadate coating is composed of Mg(OH){sub 2}, Li{sub 2}O and V{sub 2}O{sub 5}. - Abstract: Mg-14Li-1Al-0.1Ce alloy is immersed in NH{sub 4}VO{sub 3} + K{sub 3}(Fe(CN){sub 6}) solutions with different NH{sub 4}VO{sub 3} and/or K{sub 3}(Fe(CN){sub 6}) concentrations, and different immersion time. The surface morphology and composition of the vanadate coating are then characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the corrosion behavior of the conversion coating is studied by polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results indicate that the vanadate film with better corrosion resistance forms on Mg-Li-Al-Ce surface after the sample is immersed in 30 g L{sup -1} NH{sub 4}VO{sub 3} + 3.75 g L{sup -1} K{sub 3}(Fe(CN){sub 6}) solution at 80 Degree-Sign C for 10 min. The coating consists of V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, Li{sub 2}O and Mg(OH){sub 2}.

A new dynamic recrystallisation model of an extruded Al-Cu-Li alloy during high-temperature deformation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shen, Bo; Deng, Lei; Wang, Xinyun, E-mail: wangxy_hust@163.com

2015-02-11

The high-temperature deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution of an extruded Al-Cu-Li alloy were investigated by compression tests conducted at various temperatures (613, 673 and 733 K) with various strain rates (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 s{sup -1}). The results indicated that the deformation activation energy increased from 208.7 kJ/mol to 255.7 kJ/mol with an increase in strain from 0.1 to 0.7. The electron backscatter diffraction maps indicated that a dynamic recrystallisation occurred during the high-temperature deformation. Two types of recrystallisation mechanisms, grain boundary bulging and a grain boundary transformation from low misorientation to high misorientation, were considered as the mechanisms for controlling the formation of the recrystallised grains. A new dynamic recrystallisation model containing these two mechanisms was proposed to describe the microstructure evolution of the extruded Al-Cu-Li alloy. At the early stage of the deformation, the recrystallised grains were formed by grain boundary bulging along the original grain boundaries. With increasing strain, recrystallised grains were gradually generated in the deformed grains due to the transformation from low angle boundaries to high angle boundaries.

The effect of pretreatment, welding technique and filter alloys in TIG welding of AlLiCu alloys. Pt. 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krueger, U.; Neye, G.

1989-01-01

Previous publications on TIG welding on recently developed AlLiCu alloys point to unsatisfactory results if one proceeds in the usual way. In this report, the conditions are shown for producing welds with few pores with the aid of TIG welding using usual production methods. After reporting on investigations with argon as the cover gas in the first part of the report, this part is concerned with experiments in which helium was used as the cover gas. (orig.) [de

Self-healing Li-Al layered double hydroxide conversion coating modified with aspartic acid for 6N01 Al alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Caixia; Luo, Xiaohu; Pan, Xinyu; Liao, Liying; Wu, Xiaosong; Liu, Yali

2017-02-01

A self-healing Li-Al layered double hydroxide conversion coating (LCC) modified with aspartic acid (ALCC) was prepared on 6N01 Al alloy for corrosion protection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that a compact thin film has been successfully formed on the alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectra proved that species of aspartic acid anions were successfully intercalated into LCC. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and neutral salt spray (NSS) testing showed that the resultant ALCC could provide effective corrosion protection for the Al alloy. During immersion of the ALCC-coated alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution, new film was formed in the area of artificially introduced scratch, indicating its self-healing capability. XPS results demonstrated that Cl- anions exchange partial Asp anions according to the change content of element on conversion coating. From the above results, the possible mechanism via exchange/self-assembly was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of self-healing.

Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline Cu-Al coatings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lau, M.L.; He, J.; Schweinfest, R.; Ruehle, M.; Levi, C.G.; Lavernia, E.J.

2003-01-01

Commercially pure Cu and Al powders were blended in a 90:10 ratio by weight and then mechanically milled in methanol or in liquid nitrogen. The milled powders, as well as as-blended (non-milled) powder, were deposited as coatings using high velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to investigate the microstructure of the powders and coatings. The results showed that milling of the powders in methanol induced the conversion of most of the Al into amorphous Al 2 O 3 , precluding the desired mechanical alloying. This experimental observation was consistent with available thermodynamic data. In contrast, cryomilling exhibited no significant oxidation and induced mechanical alloying of the powders, albeit incomplete. The non-milled powder generated a coating with a bimodal grain structure consisting of fine Cu grains and coarse Al grains. Amorphous oxide regions and coarse Al grains were observed intermixed with the finer Cu matrix in the coatings sprayed using the powders milled in methanol. Coatings based on cryomilled powders consisted primarily of equiaxed Cu grains and twinned martensite regions, with occasional inclusion of elongated amorphous Al 2 O 3 regions

Structure and properties during aging of an ultra-high strength Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Gayle, Frank W.; Heubaum, Frank H.; Pickens, Joseph R.

1990-01-01

The structure and properties of the strengthening phases formed during aging in an Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg alloy (Weldalite 049) were elulcidated, by following the development of the microstructure by means of TEM. The results of observations showed that the Weldalite 049 alloy has a series of unusual and technologically useful combinations of mechanical properties in different aging conditions, such as natural aging without prior cold work to produce high strengths, a reversion temper of lower yield strength and unusually high ductility, a room temperature reaging of the reversion temper eventually leading to the original T4 hardness, and ultrahigh-strength T6 properties.

Age-hardening of an Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloy (2091) processed by high-pressure torsion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Seungwon, E-mail: chominamlsw@gmail.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); WPI, International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); Horita, Zenji [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); WPI, International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); Hirosawa, Shoichi [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501 (Japan); Matsuda, Kenji [Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555 (Japan)

2012-06-01

This research presents the successful strengthening of an Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloy (2091) through the simultaneous use of grain refinement and age hardening. Following solid-solution treatment, the alloy was processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature and the grain size was refined to {approx}140 nm. The Vickers microhardness increased with increasing strain, and saturated to a constant level of 225 Hv. A further increase in the hardness to {approx}275 Hv was achieved by aging the HPT-processed alloy at 100 Degree-Sign C and 150 Degree-Sign C. Bending tests for the samples treated using the peak aging conditions demonstrated that the stress was significantly increased while considerable ductility was retained. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the small grains are well retained even after prolonged aging, and the precipitation of fine {delta} Prime particles occurred within the small grains, which confirms that simultaneous strengthening from grain refinement and age hardening is feasible in this alloy.

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Based Alloys Processed by Extrusion.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Yong-Ho; Yoo, Hyo-Sang; Jung, Chang-Gi; Son, Hyeon-Taek

2018-03-01

Aluminum and its alloys, due to their low density, high specific strength and high corrosion resistance amongst various structural materials, are used in a wide range of industrial applications for different aqueous solutions. In the present study, we studied effects of Ce addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-2Li-1Cu-0.8Mg-0.1Zr alloys. The melt was held at 780 °C for 20 min and poured into a mold. And as-cast Al alloys were hot-extruded into a plate that was 4 mm in thickness with a reduction ratio of 14:1. The extruded plates were held at 540 °C for 4 hr in water quenching to solution treatment them. As-extruded Al-2Li-1Cu-0.8Mg-0.1Zr-xCe (x = 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 wt.%) alloys are composed of Al, AlLi, AlCuLi and Al11Ce3 phases. By increasing the Ce content from 0 to 1.2 wt.%, the Al11Ce3 phase is increased, after solution treatment the AlLi and AlCuLi phases are decreased. With increasing Ce addition from 0 to 1.2 wt.%, the average grain size of the as-extruded Al alloys were decreased slightly from 100.7, 113.74, 84.3, 74.7 and 61.7 μm and ultimate tensile strength was decreased slightly from 267.59, 264.92, 237.40, 220.93 and 207.83 MPa at room temperature. After solution treatment, ultimate tensile strength was measured with 205.13, 198.12, 195.50, 198.27 and 208.01 MPa at room temperature.

Role of dopants in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohammadi, Kh.; Moussavi Zarandi, A.; Afarideh, H.; Shahmaleki, S.

2013-01-01

In this study, electronic structure of LiF crystal doped with Mg,Cu,P impurities was studied with WIEN2k code on the basis of FPLAPW+lo method. Results show that in Mg-doped LiF composition, an electronic trap was created with impurity concentration of 1.56% and 3.125%. In this condition, the electronic trap with increasing the percentage of the impurities up to 4.687% is annihilated. It was found, that by doping of Mg and Cu or P simultaneously, a hole-trap is created in valence band. It was realized that in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, Cu impurity and Li atom, have a key role in creation of levels which lead to create electronic and hole traps. Mg impurity and F atom, only have a role in creation of electronic traps. In addition, P impurity has a main role in creation of the electronic and hole traps in LiF:Mg,Cu,P. The activation energy of electronic and hole trap in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P crystalline lattice were obtained as 0.3 and 5.5 eV, 0.92 and 3.4 eV and 0.75 and 3.1 eV, respectively. - Graphical abstract: Figure (a) and (b) shows changes in electronic structure and band gap energy of LiF crystal due to presence of Mg and Cu, Mg and P ions respectively. - Highlights: • Electronic structure of LiF, LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P materials were studied with WIEN2K code. • In LiF:Mg,Cu and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, Li atom and Cu impurity have a key role in creation of levels. • F atom and Mg impurity only have a role in creation of electronic traps. • In LiF:Mg,Cu,P, P impurity has a main role in creation of electronic and hole traps

Study on effects of powder and flake chemistry and morphology on the properties of Al-Cu-Mg-X-X-X powder metallurgy advanced aluminum alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Meschter, P. J.; Lederich, R. J.; Oneal, J. E.

1986-01-01

A study was conducted: (1) to develop rapid solidification processed (RSP) dispersoid-containing Al-3Cu-2Li-1Mg-0.2Zr alloys as substitutes for titanium alloys and commercial 2XXX aluminum alloys for service to at least 150 C; and (2) to develop RSP Al-4Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys as substitutes for high-strength commercial 7XXX alloys in ambient-temperature applications. RSP Al-3Cu-2Li-1Mg-0.2Zr alloys have density-normalized yield stresses at 150 C up to 52% larger than that of 2124-T851 and up to 30% larger than that of Ti-6Al-4V. Strength at 150 C in these alloys is provided by thermally stable delta' (Al3Li), T1 (Al2LiCu), and S' (Al2CuMg) precipitates. Density-normalized yield stresses of RSP Al-3Cu-2Li-1Mg-0.2Zr alloys are up to 100% larger than that of 2124-T851 and equivalent to that of Al-8Fe-4Ce at 260 C. Strength in the RSP alloys at 260 C is provided by incoherent dispersoids and subboundary constituent particles such as T1 and S. The RSP alloys are attractive substitutes in less than or = 100-h exposures for 2xxx and Al-4Fe-Ce alloys up to 260 C and for titanium alloys up to 150 C. RSP Al-4Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys have ambient-temperature yield and ultimate tensile stresses similar to that of 7050-T7651, and are 14% less dense. RSP Al-4Li-0.5Cu-1.5Mg-0.2Zr has a 20% higher specific yield stress, 40% higher specific elastic modulus, and superior corrosion resistance compared to the properties of 7050-T7651. Strength in the Al-4Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy class is primarily provided by the substructure and delta' precipitates and is independent of Cu:Mg ratio. Improvements in fracture toughness and transverse-orientation properties in both alloy classes depend on improved melt practices to eliminate oxide inclusions which are incorporated into the consolidated forms.

An Alternative Cu-Based Bond Layer for Electric Arc Coating Process

Science.gov (United States)

Fadragas, Carlos R.; Morales, E. V.; Muñoz, J. A.; Bott, I. S.; Lariot Sánchez, C. A.

2011-12-01

A Cu-Al alloy has been used as bond coat between a carbon steel substrate and a final coating deposit obtained by applying the twin wire electric arc spraying coating technique. The presence of a copper-based material in the composite system can change the overall temperature profile during deposition because copper exhibits a thermal conductivity several times higher than that of the normally recommended bond coat materials (such as nickel-aluminum alloys or nickel-chromium alloys). The microstructures of 420 and 304 stainless steels deposited by the electric arc spray process have been investigated, focusing attention on the deposit homogeneity, porosity, lamellar structure, and microhardness. The nature of the local temperature gradient during deposition can strongly influence the formation of the final coating deposit. This study presents a preliminary study, undertaken to investigate the changes in the temperature profile which occur when a Cu-Al alloy is used as bond coat, and the possible consequences of these changes on the microstructure and adhesion of the final coating deposit. The influence of the thickness of the bond layer on the top coating temperature has also been also evaluated.

L12 ordering and δ′ precipitation in Al-Cu-Li

KAUST Repository

Neibecker, Pascal

2017-06-06

The precipitation mechanism of the δ\\' (Al3Li) phase in Al-Li alloys has been controversially discussed in recent decades, specifically with respect to a conjectured congruent ordering process. However, kinetics in the Al-Li system does not allow to resolve the intermediate stages of precipitation and hence to experimentally clarify this issue. In this paper, we are revisiting the subject in ternary Al-Cu-Li alloys with pronouncedly slower kinetics, employing Transmission Electron Microscopy, High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Atom Probe Tomography. The results show clear evidence for congruent ordering in a selected compositional range, revealing an already strongly L12 ordered microstructure after natural aging with a chemically homogeneous Li distribution and a decomposition of the alloy upon annealing at elevated temperatures. The presented study of the δ\\' precipitation evaluates the reaction pathway of this process and compares it to the predictions of the Bragg-Williams-Gorsky model with respect to decomposition and ordering in this alloy system.

L12 ordering and δ′ precipitation in Al-Cu-Li

KAUST Repository

Neibecker, Pascal; Leitner, Michael; Kushaim, Muna; Boll, Torben; Anjum, Dalaver H.; Al-Kassab, Tala’ at; Haider, Ferdinand

2017-01-01

The precipitation mechanism of the δ' (Al3Li) phase in Al-Li alloys has been controversially discussed in recent decades, specifically with respect to a conjectured congruent ordering process. However, kinetics in the Al-Li system does not allow to resolve the intermediate stages of precipitation and hence to experimentally clarify this issue. In this paper, we are revisiting the subject in ternary Al-Cu-Li alloys with pronouncedly slower kinetics, employing Transmission Electron Microscopy, High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Atom Probe Tomography. The results show clear evidence for congruent ordering in a selected compositional range, revealing an already strongly L12 ordered microstructure after natural aging with a chemically homogeneous Li distribution and a decomposition of the alloy upon annealing at elevated temperatures. The presented study of the δ' precipitation evaluates the reaction pathway of this process and compares it to the predictions of the Bragg-Williams-Gorsky model with respect to decomposition and ordering in this alloy system.

Growth of permanganate conversion coating on 2024-Al alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kulinich, S.A.; Akhtar, A.S.; Wong, P.C.; Wong, K.C.; Mitchell, K.A.R.

2007-01-01

The growth of permanganate conversion coating on aluminum 2024-T3 alloy has been studied by characterizing, with scanning Auger microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the coatings formed by immersion of the alloy in the coating bath (containing KMnO 4 and Na 2 B 4 O 7 , pH 9.1) for different periods of time and at different temperatures. At room temperature, during the first 1-5 min of immersion, MnO 2 deposits are formed only on the second-phase intermetallic particles (of Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Cu-Fe-Mn types), but the coating starts to develop on the Al matrix surface after 5-10 min. The coating slows down and stops after about 150 min, with a thinner deposit over the alloy matrix. The process is accelerated at higher temperatures, for example at 68 deg. C it self-limits after about 3 min. The electrochemical growth process appears to follow that established for the chromate conversion coatings, although XPS does not detect significant MnO 4 - incorporation into the permanganate coatings

New Promising Hydride Based on the Cu-Li-Mg System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braga, M H; Acatrinei, A; Hartl, M; Vogel, S; Proffen, Th; Daemen, L, E-mail: mbraga@lanl.gov

2010-11-01

We investigated the ternary Cu-Li-Mg system, in particular the CuLi{sub x}Mg{sub 2-x} (x = 0.08) for hydrogen storage. Instead of crystallizing in an orthorhombic phase, as CuMg2, this phase presents a hexagonal structure very similar to that of NiMg{sub 2} and NiMg{sub 2}H{sub 0.3}. In this work we will discuss the structure of CuLi{sub x}Mg{sub 2-x} by the analysis of the neutron scattering data and first principles calculations. The first results for a hydride (deuteride) phase will also mentioned since preliminary studies at LANSCE showed that CuLi{sub x}Mg{sub 2-x} might absorb approximately 5.3 to 6 wt% of H at an equilibrium pressure of approximately 27 bar at 200 deg. C. If these results are confirmed in future work, this will mean that, not only CuLi{sub x}Mg{sub 2-x} absorbs a considerable amount of hydrogen (close to DOE's expectations for hydrogen storage materials), but also will probably release it at a temperature in the range of 50 to 150 deg. C, where applications are easier to develop. Hence it should be possible to use this alloy with fuel cells or in batteries. Another important observation is that cycling has a strong effect on the structure of the hydride.

Bonding tungsten, W–Cu-alloy and copper with amorphous Fe–W alloy transition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Song, E-mail: wangsongrain@163.com [Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Ling, Yunhan, E-mail: yhling@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn [Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Zhao, Pei [Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); Zang, Nanzhi [Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Wang, Jianjun [Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Guo, Shibin [Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); Zhang, Jun [Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Xu, Guiying [Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China)

2013-05-15

W/Cu graded materials are the leading candidate materials used as the plasma facing components in a fusion reactor. However, tungsten and copper can hardly be jointed together due to their great differences in physical properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion and melting point, and the lack of solid solubility between them. To overcome those difficulties, a new amorphous Fe–W alloy transitional coating and vacuum hot pressing (VHP) method were proposed and introduced in this paper. The morphology, composition and structure of the amorphous Fe–W alloy coating and the sintering interface of the specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal shock resistance of the bonded composite was also tested. The results demonstrated that amorphous structure underwent change from amorphous to nano grains during joining process, and the joined W/Cu composite can endued plasma thermal shock resistance with energy density more than 5.33 MW/m{sup 2}. It provides a new feasible technical to join refractory tungsten to immiscible copper with amorphous Fe–W alloy coating.

A superplastic Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr powder alloy with high hardness and modulus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phillips, V.A.

1986-01-01

Structure/property studies were made on an experimental Al-3.18% Li-4.29% Cu-1.17% Mg-0.18% Zr powder alloy, which is of the low density/high modulus type. Alloy powder was made by the P and W/GPD rapid solidification rate (RSR) process, canned, and extruded to bar. The density was 2.458 x 10/sup 6/ g/m/sup 3/. The material was solution-treated, and aged at 149 0 C(300 0 F), 171 0 C(340 0 F), and 193 0 C(380 0 F), using hardness tests to determine the aging curves. Testpieces solution-treated at 516 0 C(961 0 F) showed an average yield strength (0.2% offset) of 43.3 ksi (299 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength of 50.0 ksi (345 MPa), with 1% elongation, which increased to 73.0 ksi (503 MPa) and 73.1 ksi (504 MPa), respectively, with only 0.2% elongation, on peak aging at 193 0 C(380 0 F), with a modulus of elasticity of 11.4 x 10/sup 6/ psi (78.3 GPa). Hardness values reached 90-92 R/sub B/ on aging at 149-193 0 C(300-380 0 F). The as-extruded alloy showed superplastic behavior at 400-500 0 C(752-932 0 F) with elongations of 80-185% on 25.6 mm, peaking at 450 0 C(842 0 F). An RSR Al-2.53% Li-2.82% Mn-0.02% Zr extruded allow showed only 18-23% elongation at 400-500 0 C(752-932 0 F)

Passivation of Cu-Zn alloy on low carbon steel electrodeposited from a pyrophosphate medium

Science.gov (United States)

Yavuz, Abdulcabbar; Yakup Hacıibrahimoğlu, M.; Bedir, Metin

2018-01-01

The motivation of this study is to understand whether zinc-based alloy also has a passivation behaviour similar to zinc itself. Cu-Zn alloys were electrodeposited potentiostatically from a pyrophosphate medium on a carbon steel electrode and their corrosion behaviours were studied. Pt and carbon steel electrodes were used in order to examine the corrosion/passivation behaviour of bare Cu, bare Zn and Cu-Zn alloy coatings. The passivation behaviour of all brass-modified electrodes having Zn content between 10% and 100% was investigated. The growth potential affects the morphology and structure of crystals. The brass coatings are more porous than their pure components. The crystalline structure of Cu-Zn alloys can be obtained by changing the deposition potential. The zinc content in brass increases when the deposition voltage applied decreases. However, the growth potential and the ratio of zinc in brass do not affect the passivation behaviour of the resulting alloys. The coatings obtained by applying different growth potentials were immersed in tap water for 24 h to compare their corrosion behaviours with carbon steel having pitting formation.

Influence of thermo- and hydrodynamic phenomena on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy sheets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Czujko, T.; Przetakiewicz, W.

1998-01-01

The influence of Marongoni type forces on the microstructure of laser welded Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy sheets was discussed. On the base of mass transport phenomenon analysis and heat diffusion analysis the model explaining the appearing of the double front of crystallization and the axis of weld symmetry was proposed. Moreover, the influence of 'laser effect' connected with the rapid weld solidification on the Al m Fe phase precipitation was deliberated. The influence above mentioned phenomena on the Cu segregation causing formation of near eutectic microregions along grain boundaries was defined as well. (author)

On the growth of conversion chromate coatings on 2024-Al alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kulinich, S.A.; Akhtar, A.S.; Susac, D.; Wong, P.C.; Wong, K.C.; Mitchell, K.A.R.

2007-01-01

The initial growth of chromate conversion coatings on aluminium 2024-T3 alloy has been investigated by scanning Auger microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coating initiation is shown to be influenced by the alloy microstructure. In agreement with previously proposed growth models, Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduction begins on the Al-Cu-Fe-Mn intermetallic second-phase particles, which act as cathodic sites, and then over the entire Al matrix surface. The less noble Al-Cu-Mg second-phase particles demonstrate dual behaviour during the initial stage of coating; some dealloy, with formation of a Cu-rich sponge-like structure, while others show no evidence for etching during the first few seconds and coating deposits on them similar to the situation for the Al-Cu-Fe-Mn particles. XPS measurements show more Cr(III) at the very initial stage of nucleation and growth, whereas the amount of Cr(VI) in the coating increases with the length of the chromating treatment. This is discussed in relation to Raman spectroscopy measurements made in a separate study

Interaction of alumina with liquid Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17} alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jain, Uttam, E-mail: uttamj@barc.gov.in [Fusion Reactor Materials Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Mukherjee, Abhishek; Sonak, Sagar; Kumar, Sanjay [Fusion Reactor Materials Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Mishra, Ratikant [Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Krishnamurthy, Nagaiyar [Fusion Reactor Materials Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India)

2014-11-15

Highlights: • The role of oxygen in the interaction of alumina with Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17} alloy was studied. • Li of Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17} alloy undergoes oxidation even in flowing high pure argon atmosphere. • It was seen that alumina reacts with Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17} alloy at 550 °C to form LiAlO{sub 2} compound. • The reaction is rapid in the presence of oxygen and happens more slowly in the presence of flowing argon. - Abstract: Eutectic lead lithium (Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17}) alloy is being considered a coolant, neutron multiplier and tritium breeder for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and Fusion Power Reactors (FPR). In order to reduce the magneto-hydrodynamic drag (MHD) and to prevent corrosion of structural materials due to the flow of lead lithium (Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17}) alloy, alumina (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) is proposed as a candidate ceramic coating material. Interaction of liquid Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17} alloy with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} at the operating temperature of these reactors is therefore an important issue. The present paper deals with the characterization of Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17} alloy and its interaction with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} at the reactor operating temperature. The interaction was studied using EPMA, XRD and thermal analysis technique. The result indicates that alumina can interact with Pb{sub 83}Li{sub 17} alloy at 550 °C even in high purity argon atmosphere. The role of oxygen in the interaction process has also been discussed.

Enhancement of heat dissipation of LED module with cupric-oxide composite coating on aluminum-alloy heat sink

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Donghyun; Lee, Junghoon; Kim, Junho; Choi, Chang-Hwan; Chung, Wonsub

2015-01-01

Highlights: • We fabricate the CuO/resin composite coating layer on aluminum alloy heat sink. • CuO/resin coating considerably improved the surface emissivity. • The LED junction temperature was reduced by CuO/resin coated heat sink. • The thermal resistance of heat sink was decreased by CuO/resin composite coating at 200 μm thickness. - Abstract: A composite coating composed of cupric oxide (CuO) and silicon-based resin was applied to an aluminum-alloy heat sink for a light emitting diode (LED) module. The purpose of the composite coating is to improve the heat dissipation performance of heat sink by enhancing thermal radiation emission. The heat dissipation performance was investigated in terms of LED junction temperature and thermal resistance using a thermal transient method. The CuO and silicon-based resin composite coating showed higher emissivity, and the lower junction temperature and thermal resistance of the heat sink was achieved. In addition, a continuous operation test of the LED chip with the heat sink revealed that the surface treated with the CuO composite coating stably dissipated heat without degradation. In conclusion, the composite coating proposed here showed a significant improvement of the heat dissipation performance of the aluminum-alloy heat sink due to the enhanced thermal radiation property.

Crack monitoring method based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential technique for metal structure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hou Bo

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Advanced crack monitoring technique is the cornerstone of aircraft structural health monitoring. To achieve real-time crack monitoring of aircraft metal structures in the course of service, a new crack monitoring method is proposed based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential difference principle. Firstly, insulation treatment process was used to prepare a dielectric layer on structural substrate, such as an anodizing layer on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate, and then a Cu coating crack monitoring sensor was deposited on the structure fatigue critical parts by pulsed bias arc ion plating technology. Secondly, the damage consistency of the Cu coating sensor and 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate was investigated by static tensile experiment and fatigue test. The results show that strain values of the coating sensor and the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate measured by strain gauges are highly coincident in static tensile experiment and the sensor has excellent fatigue damage consistency with the substrate. Thirdly, the fatigue performance discrepancy between samples with the coating sensor and original samples was investigated. The result shows that there is no obvious negative influence on the fatigue performance of the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy after preparing the Cu coating sensor on its surface. Finally, crack monitoring experiment was carried out with the Cu coating sensor. The experimental results indicate that the sensor is sensitive to crack, and crack origination and propagation can be monitored effectively through analyzing the change of electrical potential values of the coating sensor.

The effect of TiB2 reinforcement on the mechanical properties of an Al-Cu-Li alloy-based metal-matrix composite

Science.gov (United States)

Langan, T. J.; Pickens, J. R.

1991-01-01

Weldalite 049, an Al-base Cu-Li-Mg-Ag-Zr alloy, achieves 700 MPa tensile strengths in the near-peak-aged temper in virtue of the nucleation of a T(1)-type platelike strengthening precipitate. Attention is presently given to the possibility that the alloy's modulus could be further increased through the addition of high-modulus TiB2 particles, using the 'XD' process, due to TiB2's good wettability with liquid Al. An 8-percent modulus increase is obtained with 4 vol pct TiB2.

Enhanced performance of LiFePO4 through hydrothermal synthesis coupled with carbon coating and cupric ion doping

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pei Bo; Wang Qiang; Zhang Weixin; Yang Zeheng; Chen Min

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Hydrothermal reaction has been adopted to synthesize LiFePO 4 with a narrow size distribution. → LiFePO 4 was modified with carbon coating and cupric cation (Cu 2+ ) doping simultaneously. → Electrochemical properties of LiFePO 4 were improved by carbon coating and cupric cation doping. - Abstract: A hydrothermal reaction has been adopted to synthesize pure LiFePO 4 first, which was then modified with carbon coating and cupric ion (Cu 2+ ) doping simultaneously through a post-heat treatment. X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images along with energy dispersive spectroscopy mappings have verified the homogeneous existence of coated carbon and doped Cu 2+ in LiFePO 4 particles with phospho-olivine structure and an average size of 400 nm. The electrochemical performances of the material have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The carbon-coated and Cu 2+ -doped LiFePO 4 sample (LFCu5/C) exhibited an enhanced electronic conductivity of 2.05 x 10 -3 S cm -1 , a specific discharge capacity of 158 mAh g -1 at 50 mA g -1 , a capacity retention of 96.4% after 50 cycles, a decreased charge transfer resistance of 79.4 Ω and superior electrode reaction reversibility. The present synthesis route is promising in making the hydrothermal method more practical for preparation of the LiFePO 4 material and enhancement of electrochemical properties.

The electrochemical properties of melt-spun Al-Si-Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Linping; Wang Fei; Liang Pu; Song Xianlei; Hu Qing; Sun Zhanbo; Song Xiaoping; Yang Sen; Wang Liqun

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Non-equilibrium Al 75-X Si 25 Cu X alloys exhibit high lithiation storages. → The lithiation mechanism is different from melt-spun Al-Si-Mn system. → The structural evolution is mitigated in the non-equilibrium alloys. → Volume variation is alleviated due to the co-existence of Al 2 Cu, α-Si and α-Al. - Abstract: Melt spinning was used to prepare Al 75-X Si 25 Cu X (X = 1, 4, 7, 10 mol%) alloy anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. A metastable supersaturated solid solution of Si and Cu in fcc-Al, α-Si and Al 2 Cu co-existed in the alloys. Nano-scaled α-Al grains, as the matrix, formed in the as-quenched ribbons. The Al 74 Si 25 Cu 1 and Al 71 Si 25 Cu 4 anodes exhibited initial discharge specific capacities of 1539 mAh g -1 , 1324 mAh g -1 and reversible capacities above 472 mAh g -1 , 508 mAh g -1 at the 20th cycle, respectively. The specific capacities reduced as the increase of the Cu content. AlLi intermetallic compound was detected in the lithiated alloys. It is concluded that the lithiation mechanism of the Al-Si-based alloys can be affected by the third component. The structural evolution and volume variation can be mitigated due to the formation of non-equilibrium state and the co-existence of nano-scaled α-Al, α-Si, and Al 2 Cu for the present alloys.

Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti Alloy Using Ni and Mn Coatings: Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties

Science.gov (United States)

Venkateswaran, T.; Ravi, K. R.; Sivakumar, D.; Pant, Bhanu; Janaki Ram, G. D.

2017-08-01

High-strength copper alloys are used extensively in the regenerative cooling parts of aerospace structures. Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of a Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti alloy was attempted in the present study using thin layers of elemental Ni and Mn coatings applied by electroplating. One of the base metals was given a Ni coating of 4 µm followed by a Mn coating of 15 µm, while the other base metal was given only the Ni coating (4 µm). The bonding cycle consisted of the following: TLP stage—heating to 1030 °C and holding for 15 min; homogenization stage—furnace cooling to 880 °C and holding for 2 h followed by argon quenching to room temperature. Detailed microscopy and electron probe microanalysis analysis of the brazed joints were carried out. The braze metal was found to undergo isothermal solidification within the 15 min of holding time at 1030 °C. At the end of TLP stage, the braze metal showed a composition of Cu-17Ni-9Mn (wt.%) at the center of the joint with a steep gradient in Ni and Mn concentrations from the center of the braze metal to the base metal interfaces. After holding for 2 h at 880 °C (homogenization stage), the compositional gradients were found to flatten significantly and the braze metal was found to develop a homogeneous composition of Cu-11Ni-7Mn (wt.%) at the center of the joint. In lap-shear tests, failures were always found to occur in the base metal away from the brazed region. The copper alloy base metal was found to undergo significant grain coarsening due to high-temperature exposure during brazing and, consequently, suffer considerable reduction in yield strength.

Corrosion and wear protective composition modulated alloy coatings based on ternary Ni-P-X alloys

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Leisner, P.; Benzon, M. E.; Christoffersen, Lasse

1996-01-01

Scattered reporting in the litterature describes a number of ternary Ni-P-X alloyes (where X can be Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pd, Re or W) with promising corrosin and wear protective performance. Based on a systematic study of Ni-P-X alloys it is the intention to produce coatings with improved corrosion...... and wear performance compared with conventional coatings like electroless nickel, hard chromioum and anodised aluminium....

Microstructure-mechanical property relationships for Al-Cu-Li-Zr alloys with minor additions of cadmium, indium or tin

Science.gov (United States)

Blackburn, L. B.; Starke, E. A., Jr.

1989-01-01

Minor amounts of cadmium, indium or tin were added to a baseline alloy with the nominal composition of Al-2.4Cu-2.4Li-0.15Zr. These elements were added in an attempt to increase the age-hardening response of the material such that high strengths could be achieved through heat-treatment alone, without the need for intermediate mechanical working. The alloy variant containing indium achieved a higher peak hardness in comparison to the other alloy variations, including the baseline material, when aged at temperatures ranging from 160 C to 190 C. Tensile tests on specimens peak-aged at 160 indicated the yield strength of the indium-bearing alloy increased by approximately 15 percent compared to that of the peak-aged baseline alloy. In addition, the yield strength obtained in the indium-bearing alloy was comparable to that reported for similar baseline material subjected to a 6 percent stretch prior to peak-aging at 190 C. The higher strength levels obtaied for the indium-bearing alloy are attributed to increased number densities and homogeneity of both the T1 and theta-prime phases, as determined by TEM studies.

Strain and strain-rate hardening characteristics of a superplastic Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ash, B.A.; Hamilton, C.H.

1988-01-01

A number of alloys based on the composition of Al-Li-Zr have been shown to be superplastic under at least one of two different microstructural conditions: 1. fully recrystallized to a fine, stable grain size, and 2. warm- or cold-worked and unrecrystallized prior to superplastic deformation. For the latter case, static recrystallization was impaired by the presence of fine Al 3 Zr particles, and dynamic recrystallization was observed to occur during superplastic deformation in which the heavily worked microstructure evolved into a fine grained fully recrystallized microstructure. This process is observed in other Al alloys as well, such as the Al-Cu-Zr alloys (Supral alloys), Al-Zn-Mg-Zr alloys, Al-Mn-Zr alloys, and Al-Mg-Mn alloys where the dynamic recrystallization has been suggested to be a continuous reaction in which recrystallization occurs by a gradual and homogeneous process during deformation rather than by the more common nucleation and growth process. Experimental observations of continuous recrystallization show development of a subgrain structure which coarsens continuously while deformation proceeds, with a concurrent increase in the misorientation angle between adjacent subgrains which ultimately approaches that of a high-angle boundary, characteristic of a fully- recrystallized microstructure. During the first 50 to 300% deformation, the microstructure evolves from the heavily worked to a fully recrystallized microstructure after which the fully recrystallized microstructure apparently exhibits the typical micro-grain superplastic characteristics. Superplasticity under continuous dynamic recrystallization is of interest both from scientific and technological standpoints since the rates at which superplastic deformation can be obtained are often higher than those for the fully recrystallized microstructures

Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of an Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy during superplastic deformation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ren, B.

1991-01-01

If the above alloys are heavily cold- or warm-worked prior to superplastic deformation, they are resistant to static recrystallization but dynamically recrystallize with a clear strain dependence, and are superplastic deformable at relative high strain rates in the approximate range of 10 -3 to 10 -1 s -1 . The microstructural source of superplasticity has been the subject of less-detailed study than the more classical fully recrystallized materials. In this study, an effort was made to provide a somewhat greater insight into the mechanical behavior during the dynamic recrystallization of an Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy, and to relate the mechanical behavior to the microstructure and its evolution. As part of the study, internal stresses were measured by the strain dip test, and effective stresses and their development were determined over a range of temperatures and strain rates. mechanisms for the superplastic flow and the internal-stress development during the initial stage of deformation were suggested. A variable-strain-rate model was developed based on the understanding of the mechanical behavior of this material

Advanced Class of FML on the Base Al-Li Alloy 1441 with Lower Density

Science.gov (United States)

Antipov, V. V.; Senatorova, O. G.; Lukina, N. F.

Structure, composition, properties combination of specimens and components, a number of technological parameters for production of advanced FML based on high-modulus Al-Li 1441 alloy (E 79 GPa) with reduced density (d 2.6 g/m3) and optimized adhesive prepreg reinforced with high-strength high-modulus VMP glass fibres are described. Service life 1441 alloy provides the possibility of manufacture of thin sheets (up to 0.3 mm), clad and unclad. Moreover, some experience on the usage of 1441 T1, T11 sheets and shapes in Be 200 and Be 103 aircraft was accumulated. The class of FML materials based on Al-Li alloy provide an 5% improvement in weight efficiency and stiffness of skin structures as compared with those made from FML with conventional Al-Cu-Mg (2024T3 a.o.) and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7475T76 a.o.) alloys.

Investigation of the structural transformations in the Al-Li-Cu-Mg(8090) alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaber, A. [Assiut Univ. (Egypt). Dept. of Physics; Afify, N. [Assiut Univ. (Egypt). Dept. of Physics

1997-07-01

The precipitation processes in quenched Al-2.4Li-1.16Cu-0.8Mg (wt.%) alloy (8090) from the solid solution state (T{sub q} = 803 K) have been investigated via the Vickers microhardness measurements, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. On the basis of Kissinger`s analytical equation of the DSC thermograms, the overall activation energies associated with the transformation processes are evaluated. The activation energy associated with the formation of the GPB zones and {delta}` phase is determined as 82.433 kJ/mol. Whereas the energy of their dissolution is 139.78 kJ/mol. The activation energy associated with the formation of the S` phase is determined as 106.88 kJ/mol. In addition, the microstructural examination of the samples after various aging temperatures revealed that the resultant precipitates are intergranular. (orig.)

The tin-rich copper lithium stannides: Li3Cu6Sn4 and Li2CuSn2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fuertauer, Siegfried; Flandorfer, Hans; Effenberger, Herta S.

2015-01-01

The Sn rich ternary intermetallic compounds Li 3 Cu 6 Sn 4 (CSD-427097) and Li 2 CuSn 2 (CSD-427098) were synthesized from the pure elements by induction melting and annealing at 400 C. Structural investigations were performed by powder- and single-crystal XRD. Li 3 Cu 6 Sn 4 crystallizes in space group P6/mmm; it is structurally related to but not isotypic with MgFe 6 Ge 6 (a = 5.095(2) Aa, c = 9.524(3) Aa; wR 2 = 0.059; 239 unique F 2 -values, 17 free variables). Li 3 Cu 6 Sn 4 is characterized by two sites with a mixed Cu:Sn occupation. In contrast to all other Cu-Li-Sn compounds known so far, any mixed occupation was found for Cu-Li pairs only. In addition, one Li site is only half occupied. The second Sn rich phase is Li 2 CuSn 2 (space group I4 1 /amd, a = 4.4281(15) Aa, c = 19.416(4) Aa; wR 2 = 0.033; 213 unique F 2 -values, 12 atom free variables); it is the only phase in the Cu-Li-Sn system which is noted for full ordering. Both crystal structures exhibit 3D-networks which host Li atoms in channels. They are important for understanding the lithiation mechanism in Cu-Sn electrodes for Li-ion batteries.

The electrochemical properties of melt-spun Al-Si-Cu alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang Linping; Wang Fei; Liang Pu; Song Xianlei; Hu Qing [MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China); Sun Zhanbo, E-mail: szb@mail.xjtu.edu.cn [MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China); Song Xiaoping; Yang Sen; Wang Liqun [MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China)

2011-10-03

Highlights: {yields} Non-equilibrium Al{sub 75-X}Si{sub 25}Cu{sub X} alloys exhibit high lithiation storages. {yields} The lithiation mechanism is different from melt-spun Al-Si-Mn system. {yields} The structural evolution is mitigated in the non-equilibrium alloys. {yields} Volume variation is alleviated due to the co-existence of Al{sub 2}Cu, {alpha}-Si and {alpha}-Al. - Abstract: Melt spinning was used to prepare Al{sub 75-X}Si{sub 25}Cu{sub X} (X = 1, 4, 7, 10 mol%) alloy anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. A metastable supersaturated solid solution of Si and Cu in fcc-Al, {alpha}-Si and Al{sub 2}Cu co-existed in the alloys. Nano-scaled {alpha}-Al grains, as the matrix, formed in the as-quenched ribbons. The Al{sub 74}Si{sub 25}Cu{sub 1} and Al{sub 71}Si{sub 25}Cu{sub 4} anodes exhibited initial discharge specific capacities of 1539 mAh g{sup -1}, 1324 mAh g{sup -1} and reversible capacities above 472 mAh g{sup -1}, 508 mAh g{sup -1} at the 20th cycle, respectively. The specific capacities reduced as the increase of the Cu content. AlLi intermetallic compound was detected in the lithiated alloys. It is concluded that the lithiation mechanism of the Al-Si-based alloys can be affected by the third component. The structural evolution and volume variation can be mitigated due to the formation of non-equilibrium state and the co-existence of nano-scaled {alpha}-Al, {alpha}-Si, and Al{sub 2}Cu for the present alloys.

Structural analysis of a coating of TiN over a Cu-Ti-Cr alloy: Study of the Cu-Ti interphase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Villegas Vejar, C; Suazo, A; Radtk, H; Carrasco, C

2004-01-01

The crystalline structure of a thin film of TiN deposited by DC planar magnetron sputtering over a ternary copper alloy was studied. A fine film of titanium was deposited between the coating and the substrate for better adherence. The samples were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope to determine the structure of each of the components as well as the network distortion in the Cu-Ti interphase. The results were complemented with previous X-ray diffraction analyses to identify the network parameter for each of the study components and the respective residual tensions. This study shows the agreement between the network distortion and the residual tensions that were measured, and also relates the theory of crystalline coherence with the experimentally calculated break down by electron diffraction in the Cu-Ti interphase (CW)

Evolution of the phases in Cu 18at.% Li alloy under different atmospheres as a function of temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cano, J.A; Lambri, O.A; Perez-Landazabal, J.J; Penaloza, A; Recarte, V; Campo, J; Worner, C.H

2004-01-01

The behavior of powders from an alloy of Cu 18at.% Li was studied, in temperatures ranging from room temperature to 973K, under four types of atmospheres. The test techniques used for this study were: Neutron Diffraction (ND) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). After reaching 973K, the content of residual lithium in the alloy was 15 at.% and 13 at.% for the tests carried out with argon and vacuum, respectively. However, if the heating is done in air or nitrogen, the lithium content in solid solution in the alloy is very much reduced (3 at.%), generating a survival of the alloy in solid state at temperatures greater than 1273K. After heating in air, lithium peroxide is formed, which is explained by over oxidation. Additionally, the heating of these powders in nitrogen and in air at normal pressures, leads to the growth of lithium nitride, which was not expected. These characteristics are important in determining the temperature and atmospheric conditions for the sinterized treatment for the production of components for later technological applications (CW)

Aging behavior of an in-situ TiB2/Al-Cu-Li-x matrix composite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shen, Yanwei; Hong, Tianran; Geng, Jiwei; Han, Gaoyang; Chen, Dong; Li, Xianfeng; Wang, Haowei

2017-01-01

Transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and hardness tests have been performed on an in-situ TiB 2 /Al-3.3Cu-1.0Li-0.60Mg-0.40Ag-0.14Zr-0.13Si composite to study its aging behavior at 175 °C. A cubic phase suspected to be the σ (Al 5 Cu 6 Mg 2 ) phase or its variant is precipitated at all aging stages studied, and this phase is not typically observed in the Al-Cu-Li alloys. The primary hardening (aging for 3 h) phases consist of δ′ (Al 3 Li), β′ (Al 3 Zr) and the cubic phase. After aging for 18 h, all precipitates including T 1 (Al 2 CuLi), S (Al 2 CuMg), θ′ (Al 2 Cu), δ′, β′ and the cubic phase have appeared, and the formation of T 1 and S results in a rapid increase in hardness. With prolonging of aging time, the apparent coarsening of T 1 and S results in a decline in hardness. - Highlights: •The aging behavior of an in-situ TiB 2 /Al-Cu-Li-x composite was studied. •A cubic phase suspected to be σ (Al 5 Cu 6 Mg 2 ) or its variant was precipitated. •The hardness change was dominated by the evolution of T 1 (Al 2 CuLi) and S (Al 2 CuMg).

Microstructural effects on the initiation of zinc phosphate coatings on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Susac, D.; Sun, X.; Li, R.Y.; Wong, K.C.; Wong, P.C.; Mitchell, K.A.R.; Champaneria, R.

2004-01-01

The initiation of coatings deposited on to 2024-T3 aluminum alloy from supersaturated zinc phosphating solutions has been studied using scanning Auger microscopy (SAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The alloy microstructure, especially associated with the second-phase particles, strongly affects the formation stages of the coating process, where etching of the substrate has a significant role. At the start, zinc phosphate (ZPO) crystals form on the Al-Cu-Mg second-phase particles, rather than on the matrix or on the Al-Cu-Fe-Mn particles, with the initial nucleation appearing at interfaces between Al-Cu-Mg particles and the matrix. In contrast, the formation of the ZPO coating is delayed on the cathodic Al-Cu-Fe-Mn particles, compared to those of the Al-Cu-Mg composition. When the coating process is completed, the whole sample surface is covered with ZPO although its thickness varies at the different micro-regions

Mechanism of Early Stage Corrosion for Boric-sulfuric Acid Anodized 2A97 Al-Cu-Li Alloy Under Tropical Marine Atmosphere

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LUO Chen

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Optical microscopy(OM, scanning electron microscopy(SEM, EDX and EIS combined with ultramicrotomy were employed to investigate the micro morphology, chemical composition and electrochemical properties of anodized 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy before and after atmospheric corrosion. The results show that when electrolytes containing combinations of tartaric-sulfuric or boric-sulfuric acid are used to grow the films at different temperatures, boric acid addition and higher temperature allow for higher current density that speeds up the film growth. The pore geometry and structure is similar for different electrolytes. Dispersive dark rusty spots composed of O, Al, Cl, Cu are present on the boric-sulfuric acid anodized specimen after exposure in tropical marine atmosphere for 1 month. Deposition of white corrosion product is found on the specimen surface as well. Severe pitting occurs and develops deeply into the alloy substrate after elongated outdoor exposure. Corrosion propagation is associated with θ-phase particles.

Systematic corrosion investigation of various Cu-Sn alloys electrodeposited on mild steel in acidic solution: Dependence of alloy composition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suerme, Yavuz, E-mail: ysurme@nigde.edu.t [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Nigde University, 51200 Nigde (Turkey); Guerten, A. Ali [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000 Osmaniye (Turkey); Bayol, Emel; Ersoy, Ersay [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Nigde University, 51200 Nigde (Turkey)

2009-10-19

Copper-tin alloy films were galvanostatically electrodeposited on the mild steel (MS) by combining the different amount of Cu and Sn electrolytes at a constant temperature (55 deg. C) and pH (3.5). Alloy films were characterized by using the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micrographing techniques. Corrosion behaviours were evaluated with electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) and electrochemical polarization measurements. Time gradient of electrolysis process was adjusted to obtain same thickness of investigated alloys on MS. The systematic corrosion investigation of various Cu{sub x}-Sn{sub 100-x} (x = 0-100) alloy depositions on MS substrate were carried out in 0.1 M sulphuric acid medium. Results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the alloy coatings depended on the alloy composition, and the corrosion resistance increased at Cu-Sn alloy deposits in proportion to Sn ratio.

Synthesis and densification of Cu-coated Ni-based amorphous composite powders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Yong-Jin; Kim, Byoung-Kee; Kim, Jin-Chun

2007-01-01

Spherical Ni 57 Zr 20 Ti 16 Si 2 Sn 3 (numbers indicate at.%) amorphous powders were produced by the gas atomization process, and ductile Cu phase was coated on the Ni-based amorphous powders by the spray drying process in order to increase the ductility of the consolidated amorphous alloy. The characteristics of the as-prepared powders and the consolidation behaviors of Cu-coated Ni-based amorphous composite powders were investigated. The atomization was conducted at 1450 deg. C under the vacuum of 10 -2 mbar. The Ni-based amorphous powders and Cu nitrate solution were mixed and sprayed at temperature of 130 deg. C. After spray drying and reduction treatment, the sub-micron size Cu powders were coated successfully on the surface of the atomized Ni amorphous powders. The spark plasma sintering process was applied to study the densification behavior of the Cu-coated composite powders. Thickness of the Cu layer was less than 1 μm. The compacts obtained by SPS showed high relative density of over 98% and its hardness was over 800 Hv

Influence of alloying element of corrosion of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloy and impedance characteristics of its oxide layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, S. Y.; Lee, M. H.; Choi, B. K.; Jung, Y. H.; Jung, Y. H.

2000-01-01

As a part of the advanced Zr fuel cladding development program, the autoclave corrosion test was performed on the series of Zr-0.2Nb-1.1Sn-Fe-Cu and Zr-0.4Nb-0.8Sn-Fe-Cu alloys in 70 ppm LiOH solution at 360 .deg. C. The oxide characteristics were investigated by using the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscope(EIS) method. The corrosion resistance of the alloys was evaluated from the corrosion rate determined as a function of the concentration of main alloying elements such as Nb, Sn, Fe and Cu. The equivalent circuit was composed as a result of the spectrum from EIS measurements on the oxide layer that formed at pro- and post-transition regions. By using the capacitance characteristics of equivalent circuit, the thickness of impervious layer, it's electrical resistance and characteristics of space charge layer were evaluated. The corrosion characteristics of the Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys were successfully explained by applying the EIS test results

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited nano-crystalline nickel coating on AZ91 Mg alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zarebidaki, Arman, E-mail: arman.zare@iauyazd.ac.ir; Mahmoudikohani, Hassan, E-mail: hassanmahmoudi.k@gmail.com; Aboutalebi, Mohammad-Reza

2014-12-05

Highlights: • Activation, zincating, and Cu electrodeposition were used as pretreatment processes for electrodeposition of nickel coatings. • Nano-crystalline nickel coatings were successfully electrodeposited onto the AZ91 Mg alloys. • Effect of nickel electrodeposited coating on the corrosion resistance of AZ91 Mg alloy has been studied. - Abstract: In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, nickel coating was electrodeposited onto AZ91 Mg alloy. Activation, zincating, and Cu electrodeposition used as pretreatment processes for better adhesion and corrosion performance of the nickel over layer. The corrosion properties of the AZ91 Mg alloy, nickel electroplated AZ91 Mg alloy, and pure nickel was assessed via polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Moreover, the structure of the coating was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, whereas specimen’s morphology and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Measurements revealed that the coating has a nano-crystalline structure with the grain size of 95 nm. Corrosion results showed superior corrosion resistance for the coated AZ91 Mg alloy as the corrosion current density decreased from 2.5 × 10{sup −4} A cm{sup −2}, for the uncoated sample, to 1.5 × 10{sup −5} A cm{sup −2}, for coated specimen and the corrosion potential increased from −1.55 V to −0.98 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at the same condition.

Promising Hard Carbon Coatings on Cu Substrates: Corrosion and Tribological Performance with Theoretical Aspect

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, A. Madhan; Babu, R. Suresh; Obot, I. B.; Adesina, Akeem Yusuf; Ibrahim, Ahmed; de Barros, A. L. F.

2018-05-01

Protecting the surface of metals and alloys against corrosion and wear is of abundant importance owing to their widespread applications. In the present work, we report the improved anticorrosion and tribo-mechanical performance of copper (Cu) by a hard carbon (HC) coating synthesized in different pyrolysis temperature. Structural and surface characterization with roughness measurements was systematically investigated using various techniques. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on the corrosion behavior of coated Cu substrates in 0.6 M NaCl solution was evaluated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization. Pin-on-disk wear test of coated Cu substrate showed the influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the wear resistance performance of the HC coatings. According to the obtained results, it could be concluded that the HC coatings synthesized at 1100 °C revealed an enhanced comprehensive performance, revealing their possible utilization as a protective coating for Cu substrates in chloride environment. Monte Carlo simulations have been utilized to elucidate the interaction between the Cu surface and HC coatings.

Low-emissivity coating of amorphous diamond-like carbon/Ag-alloy multilayer on glass

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiba, Kiyoshi; Takahashi, Toshiyuki; Kageyama, Takashi; Oda, Hironori

2005-01-01

Transparent low-emissivity (low-e) coatings comprising dielectrics of amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) and Ag-alloy films are investigated. All films have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering. An index of refraction of the DLC film deposited in a gas mixture of Ar/H 2 (4%) shows n = 1.80 + 0.047i at 500 nm wavelength. A multilayer stack of DLC (70 nm thick)/Ag 87.5 Cu 12.5 -alloy (10 nm)/DLC (140 nm)/Ag 87.5 Cu 12.5 -alloy (10 nm)/DLC (70 nm) has revealed clear interference spectra with spectra selectivity. This coating performs low emittance less than 0.1 for black body radiation at 297 K, exhibiting a transparent heat mirror property embedded in DLC films

Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of CuCrAl Cold-Sprayed Coatings for Reusable Launch Vehicles

Science.gov (United States)

Raj, Sai; Karthikeyan, J.

2009-01-01

The next generation of reusable launch vehicles is likely to use GRCop-84 [Cu-8(at.%)Cr-4%Nb] copper alloy combustion liners. The application of protective coatings on GRCop-84 liners can minimize or eliminate many of the environmental problems experienced by uncoated liners and significantly extend their operational lives and lower operational cost. A newly developed Cu- 23 (wt.%) Cr-5% Al (CuCrAl) coating, shown to resist hydrogen attack and oxidation in an as-cast form, is currently being considered as a protective coating for GRCop-84. The coating was deposited on GRCop-84 substrates by the cold spray deposition technique, where the CuCrAl was procured as gas-atomized powders. Cyclic oxidation tests were conducted between 773 and 1,073 K to characterize the coated substrates.

Aging behavior of an in-situ TiB{sub 2}/Al-Cu-Li-x matrix composite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shen, Yanwei; Hong, Tianran; Geng, Jiwei; Han, Gaoyang; Chen, Dong; Li, Xianfeng, E-mail: brucelee75cn@sjtu.edu.cn; Wang, Haowei

2017-02-15

Transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and hardness tests have been performed on an in-situ TiB{sub 2}/Al-3.3Cu-1.0Li-0.60Mg-0.40Ag-0.14Zr-0.13Si composite to study its aging behavior at 175 °C. A cubic phase suspected to be the σ (Al{sub 5}Cu{sub 6}Mg{sub 2}) phase or its variant is precipitated at all aging stages studied, and this phase is not typically observed in the Al-Cu-Li alloys. The primary hardening (aging for 3 h) phases consist of δ′ (Al{sub 3}Li), β′ (Al{sub 3}Zr) and the cubic phase. After aging for 18 h, all precipitates including T{sub 1} (Al{sub 2}CuLi), S (Al{sub 2}CuMg), θ′ (Al{sub 2}Cu), δ′, β′ and the cubic phase have appeared, and the formation of T{sub 1} and S results in a rapid increase in hardness. With prolonging of aging time, the apparent coarsening of T{sub 1} and S results in a decline in hardness. - Highlights: •The aging behavior of an in-situ TiB{sub 2}/Al-Cu-Li-x composite was studied. •A cubic phase suspected to be σ (Al{sub 5}Cu{sub 6}Mg{sub 2}) or its variant was precipitated. •The hardness change was dominated by the evolution of T{sub 1} (Al{sub 2}CuLi) and S (Al{sub 2}CuMg).

Influence of electroless coatings of Cu, Ni-P and Co-P on MmNi3.25Al0.35Mn0.25Co0.66 alloy used as anodes in Ni-MH batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raju, M.; Ananth, M.V.; Vijayaraghavan, L.

2009-01-01

Electroless coatings of Ni-P, Co-P and Cu were applied on the surface of non-stoichiometric MmNi 3.25 Al 0.35 Mn 0.25 Co 0.66 (Mm: misch metal) metal hydride alloy. Elemental analysis was made with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX). The structural analysis of bare and coated alloys was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) whereas surface morphology was examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The electrode characteristics inclusive of electrochemical capacity and cycle life were studied at C/5 rate. Superior performance is obtained with copper coated alloy. Microstructure observations indicate that the observed excellent performance could be attributed to uniform and efficient surface coverage with copper. Also, lanthanum surface enrichment in samples during Cu coating leads to improvement in performance. It is inferred from electro analytical investigations that copper coatings act as microcurrent collectors with alterations in hydrogen transport mechanism and facilitate charge transfer reaction on the alloy surface without altering battery properties. Moreover, supportive first time TEM evidence of existence of such copper nano current collectors (about 8 nm in diameter and length about 20 nm) is reported.

Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3-Ga2O3 Alloy Coatings for Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 Cathode to Improve Rate Performance in Li-Ion Battery.

Science.gov (United States)

Laskar, Masihhur R; Jackson, David H K; Guan, Yingxin; Xu, Shenzhen; Fang, Shuyu; Dreibelbis, Mark; Mahanthappa, Mahesh K; Morgan, Dane; Hamers, Robert J; Kuech, Thomas F

2016-04-27

Metal oxide coatings can improve the electrochemical stability of cathodes and hence, their cycle-life in rechargeable batteries. However, such coatings often impose an additional electrical and ionic transport resistance to cathode surfaces leading to poor charge-discharge capacity at high C-rates. Here, a mixed oxide (Al2O3)1-x(Ga2O3)x alloy coating, prepared via atomic layer deposition (ALD), on Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 (NMC) cathodes is developed that has increased electron conductivity and demonstrated an improved rate performance in comparison to uncoated NMC. A "co-pulsing" ALD technique was used which allows intimate and controlled ternary mixing of deposited film to obtain nanometer-thick mixed oxide coatings. Co-pulsing allows for independent control over film composition and thickness in contrast to separate sequential pulsing of the metal sources. (Al2O3)1-x(Ga2O3)x alloy coatings were demonstrated to improve the cycle life of the battery. Cycle tests show that increasing Al-content in alloy coatings increases capacity retention; whereas a mixture of compositions near (Al2O3)0.5(Ga2O3)0.5 was found to produce the optimal rate performance.

The corrosion behavior of the T1 (Al2CuLi) intermetallic compound in aqueous environments

Science.gov (United States)

Buchheit, R. G.; Stoner, G. E.

1989-01-01

The intermetallic compound T1 (Al2CuLi) is suspected to play an important role in the localized corrosion at subgrain boundaries in Al-Li-Cu alloys. The intermetallic was synthesized for characterization of its corrosion behavior. Experiments performed included open circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and corrosion rate vs. pH in solutions whose pH was varied over the range of 3 to 11. Subgrain boundary pitting and continuous subgrain boundary corrosion are discussed in terms of the data obtained. Evidence suggesting the dealloying of copper from this compound is also presented.

Conical surface textures formed by ion bombarding 2% Be-Cu alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panitz, J.K.G.

1991-01-01

A homogeneous, micrometer-sized conical surface texture forms on 2% Be-Cu alloy which is bombarded with an argon beam produced by a Kaufman ion source. The dimensions of the features that form depend strongly on argon energy (from 250 to 1500 eV); argon fluence (10 19 to 10 20 ions cm -2 ); and argon flux (0.1 to 1 mA cm -2 ). The texture morphology depends less strongly on the background ambient (Mo versus graphite), earlier alloy heat treatments and the temperature during bombardment (100 o C and 450 o C). As the texture matures with increasing fluence, the number of large features increases at the expense of the number of small features. The observed relationship between texture formation and ion flux suggests that the evolution of these features is not adequately described by theories predicting that the mature conical side-wall angle is related to the angle of the maximum sputtering yield. These textured surfaces can be coated with other metals for a variety of possible applications including pulsed power Li + beam anodes; cold cathode field emission devices; optical absorbers and catalysis supports. (author)

Conical surface textures formed by ion bombarding 2% Be Cu alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panitz, J.K.G.

1990-01-01

A homogeneous, micrometer-sized conical surface texture forms on 2% Be-Cu alloy which is bombarded with an argon beam produced by a Kaufman ion source. The dimensions of the features that form strongly depend on: (1) argon energy (from 250 to 1500 eV), (2) fluence (10 19 to 10 20 ions/cm 2 ), and (3) flux (0.1 to 1 mA/cm 2 ). The texture morphology depends less strongly on the background ambient (Mo vs graphite), earlier alloy heat treatments and the temperature during bombardment (100 degree C and 450 degree C). As the texture matures with increasing fluence, the number of large features increases at the expense of the number of small features. The observed relationship between texture formation and ion flux suggests that the evolution of these features is not adequately described by theories predicting that the mature conical sidewall angle is related to the angle of the maximum sputtering yield. These textured surfaces can be coated with other metals for a variety of possible applications including: (1) pulsed power Li+ beam anodes, (2) cold cathode field emission devices, (3) optical absorbers and (4) catalysis supports. 18 refs., 5 figs

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of microarc oxidation coatings and 2024 aluminium alloy substrate

CERN Document Server

Xue Wen Bin; Deng Zhi Wei; Chen Ru Yi; Li Yong Liang; Zhang Ton Ghe

2002-01-01

A determination of the phase constituents of ceramic coatings produced on Al-Cu-Mg alloy by microarc discharge in alkaline solution was performed using x-ray diffraction. The profiles of the hardness, H, and elastic modulus, E, across the ceramic coating were determined by means of nanoindentation. In addition, a study of the influence of microarc oxidation coatings on the tensile properties of the aluminium alloy was also carried out. The results show that the H-and E-profiles are similar, and both of them exhibit a maximum value at the same depth of coating. The distribution of the alpha-Al sub 2 O sub 3 phase content determines the H- and E-profiles of the coatings. The tensile properties of 2024 aluminium alloy show less change after the alloy has undergone microarc discharge surface treatment.

Autoradiographical Detection of Tritium in Cu-Ni Alloy by Scanning Electron Microscopy

OpenAIRE

高安, 紀; 中野, 美樹; 竹内, 豊三郎

1981-01-01

The autoradiograph of tritium dispersed in Cu-Ni alloy sheet by 6Li(n,α)3H reaction was obtained by a scanning electron microscope. Prior to the irradiation of neutrons 6Li was deposited on the sheet by evaporation. The liquid emulsion, Fuji-ER, was used in this study. The distribution of tritium was detected by the dispersion of silver grains remaining in the emulsion after the development was carried out.

Estabilidad de la aleación Cu - 2,5 % Li en el rango 298 a 673 K

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ortiz, M.

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Contributing to the slight information about the Cu-Li alloys that is nowadays in scientific literature, this work reports the evolution with the temperature of the Cu - 2,5 wt % Li alloy. This alloy is obtained as powder by an electrodeposition process from salts. Powder samples, room temperature compacted tablets and the copper cathodes used in the process are analyzed. The samples were annealed in the rank from 293 to 673 K by different times and then characterized by means of x-rays diffraction. The lithium content was determined by atomic absorption. The analysis of the results shows a decomposition of the alloy as the temperature increases, with a loss of lithium towards the surface of the samples, where this element easily reacts with the atmosphere forming soluble water compounds.

Contribuyendo a la escasa información que se encuentra actualmente en la literatura científica acerca de las aleaciones Cu-Li, este trabajo informa la evolución de la aleaciónCu-2,5 % Li en peso, en función de la temperatura. La aleación se obtiene en forma de polvo, en un proceso de electrodepósito desde sales fundidas. Se analizan muestras en polvo, pastillas compactadas a temperatura ambiente y los cátodos de cobre utilizados en el proceso. Las muestras son sometidas a tratamientos térmicos en el rango de 293 a 673 K, por diferentes periodos de tiempo y caracterizadas mediante difracción de rayos X y determinación del contenido de litio por absorción atómica. El análisis de los resultados muestra una descomposición de la aleación conforme aumenta la temperatura, con una pérdida de litio hacia la superficie de las muestras, donde este elemento reacciona fácilmente con el ambiente, formando compuestos solubles en agua

Mechanism of serrated flow in binary Al-Li alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, S.; Pink, E. [Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben (Austria). Erich-Schmid-Inst. of Solid State Physics; Krol, J. [Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Poland). Alexander-Krupkowski-Inst. of Metallurgy and Materials Science

1996-09-15

The work on serrated flow in Al-Li alloys has given rise to a controversy--whether serrations in these alloys are caused by lithium atoms in solid solution or by {delta}{prime}(Al{sub 3}Li)-precipitates. This controversy calls for further work to clarify the mechanism of serrated flow in the Al-Li alloys. Kumar and McShane have shown that in an Al-2.5Li-2Mg-0.14Zr alloy, non-shearable {delta}{prime}-precipitates, which are obtained in the under-aged and peak-aged conditions, might directly initiate serrated flow. However, the latter result was ambiguous because of the presence of other alloying elements, and the need to work on a binary Al-Li alloy was emphasized. The present work discusses the results from the binary Al-Li alloys.

Viscosity of Ga-Li liquid alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Vidyaev, Dmitriy; Boretsky, Evgeny; Verkhorubov, Dmitriy

2018-03-01

The measurement of dynamic viscosity of Ga-Li liquid alloys has been performed using low-frequency vibrational viscometer at five temperatures in the range 313-353 K and four gallium-based dilute alloy compositions containing 0-1.15 at.% Li. It was found that the viscosity of the considered alloys increases with decreasing temperature and increasing lithium concentration in the above ranges. It was shown that dependence of the viscosity of Ga-Li alloys in the investigated temperature range has been described by Arrhenius equation. For this equation the activation energy of viscous flow and pre-exponential factor were calculated. This study helped to determine the conditions of the alkali metals separating process in gallam-exchange systems.

Thermophysical Properties of Cold and Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Cu-Cr-X Alloys, NiAl and NiCrAlY Coatings. Part 1; Electrical and Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Total Hemispherical Emissivity

Science.gov (United States)

Raj, S. V.

2017-01-01

This two-part paper reports the thermophysical properties of several cold and vacuum plasma sprayed monolithic Cu and Ni-based alloy coatings. Part I presents the electrical and thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and total hemispherical emissivity data while Part II reports the specific heat capacity data for these coatings. Metallic copper alloys, stoichiometric NiAl and NiCrAlY coatings were fabricated by either the cold sprayed or the vacuum plasma spray deposition processes for thermal property measurements between 77 and 1223 K. The temperature dependencies of the thermal conductivities, thermal diffusivities, electrical conductivities and total hemispherical emissivities of these cold and vacuum sprayed monolithic coatings are reported in this paper. The electrical and thermal conductivity data correlate reasonably well for Cu-8%Cr-1%Al, Cu-23%Cr-5%Al and NiAl in accordance with the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law although a better fit is obtained using the Smith-Palmer relationship. The Lorentz numbers determined from the WF law are close to the theoretical value.

Optimization of the heat and mechanical treatment of the Al-Zn-Mg-Li alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Stegliński

2010-07-01

Full Text Available In terms of high strength in relation to mass the alloys of aluminium – lithium find more and more use mainly in aircraft industry like inspacecraft. At present intensive investigations are carried out in aim of use of Al – Li in automotive industry in particular to components subject to fatigue wear. It could contribute to replace transmission’s elements made from traditional materials by aluminium - lithium alloys. However low resistance to wear due to forming of thin Al2O3 layer which is reproducing in friction contact disqualifies using aluminium alloys in friction contact. From this point of view first stage of investigation was to enhance hardness properties of the substrate by applying thermo-mechanical treatment.In this article the results of heat treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Li alloy were presented. During investigations optimum parameters (timetemperature of the solution heat treatment were elaborated. Micro hardness on the cross-section were investigated. Phase, chemicalcomposition and morphology were determined. It was found that hardness after thermo-mechanical treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Li is about20% higher than for AlCu4Mg1 (7075 –T6 alloy.

Intermetallic and electrical insulator coatings on high-temperature alloys in liquid-lithium environments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, J.H.

1994-06-01

In the design of liquid-metal cooling systems for fusion-reactor blanket, applications, the corrosion resistance of structural materials and the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) force and its subsequent influence on thermal hydraulics and corrosion are major concerns. When the system is cooled by liquid metals, insulator coatings are required on piping surfaces in contact with the coolant. The objective of this study is to develop stable corrosion-resistant electrical insulator coatings at the liquid-metal/structural-material interface, with emphasis on electrically insulating coatings that prevent adverse MHD-generated currents from passing through the structural wall, and Be-V intermetallic coatings for first-wall components that face the plasma. Vanadium and V-base alloys are leading candidate materials for structural applications in a fusion reactor. Various intermetallic films were produced on V-alloys and on Types 304 and 316 stainless steel. The intermetallic layers were developed by exposure of the materials to liquid Li containing 2 at temperatures of 500--1030 degree C. CaO electrical insulator coatings were produced by reaction of the oxygen-rich layer with <5 at. % Ca dissolved in liquid Li at 400--700 degree C. The reaction converted the oxygen-rich layer to an electrically insulating film. This coating method is applicable to reactor components because the liquid metal can be used over and over; only the solute within the liquid metal is consumed. This paper will discuss initial results on the nature of the coatings and their in-situ electrical resistivity characteristics in liquid Li at high temperatures

The tin-rich copper lithium stannides: Li{sub 3}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 4} and Li{sub 2}CuSn{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuertauer, Siegfried; Flandorfer, Hans [Vienna Univ. (Austria). Inst. of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemisrty); Effenberger, Herta S. [Vienna Univ. (Austria). Inst. of Mineralogy and Crystallography

2015-05-01

The Sn rich ternary intermetallic compounds Li{sub 3}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 4} (CSD-427097) and Li{sub 2}CuSn{sub 2} (CSD-427098) were synthesized from the pure elements by induction melting and annealing at 400 C. Structural investigations were performed by powder- and single-crystal XRD. Li{sub 3}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 4} crystallizes in space group P6/mmm; it is structurally related to but not isotypic with MgFe{sub 6}Ge{sub 6} (a = 5.095(2) Aa, c = 9.524(3) Aa; wR{sub 2} = 0.059; 239 unique F{sup 2}-values, 17 free variables). Li{sub 3}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 4} is characterized by two sites with a mixed Cu:Sn occupation. In contrast to all other Cu-Li-Sn compounds known so far, any mixed occupation was found for Cu-Li pairs only. In addition, one Li site is only half occupied. The second Sn rich phase is Li{sub 2}CuSn{sub 2} (space group I4{sub 1}/amd, a = 4.4281(15) Aa, c = 19.416(4) Aa; wR{sub 2} = 0.033; 213 unique F{sup 2}-values, 12 atom free variables); it is the only phase in the Cu-Li-Sn system which is noted for full ordering. Both crystal structures exhibit 3D-networks which host Li atoms in channels. They are important for understanding the lithiation mechanism in Cu-Sn electrodes for Li-ion batteries.

Microscopy and microanalysis of complex nanosized strengthening precipitates in new generation commercial Al-Cu-Li alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Guinel, M J-F; Brodusch, N; Sha, G; Shandiz, M A; Demers, H; Trudeau, M; Ringer, S P; Gauvin, R

2014-09-01

Precipitates (ppts) in new generation aluminum-lithium alloys (AA2099 and AA2199) were characterised using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Results obtained on the following ppts are reported: Guinier-Preston zones, T1 (Al2 CuLi), β' (Al3 Zr) and δ' (Al3 Li). The focus was placed on their composition and the presence of minor elements. X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry in the electron microscopes and mass spectrometry in the atom probe microscope showed that T1 ppts were enriched in zinc (Zn) and magnesium up to about 1.9 and 3.5 at.%, respectively. A concentration of 2.5 at.% Zn in the δ' ppts was also measured. Unlike Li and copper, Zn in the T1 ppts could not be detected using electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope because of its too low concentration and the small sizes of these ppts. Indeed, Monte Carlo simulations of EEL spectra for the Zn L2,3 edge showed that the signal-to-noise ratio was not high enough and that the detection limit was at least 2.5 at.%, depending on the probe current. Also, the simulation of X-ray spectra confirmed that the detection limit was exceeded for the Zn Kα X-ray line because the signal-to-noise ratio was high enough in that case, which is in agreement with our observations. © 2014 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2014 Royal Microscopical Society.

HVEM in situ deformation of Al-Li-X alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crooks, R.E.; Kenik, E.A.; Starke, E.A. Jr.

1983-01-01

Lithium additions to aluminum alloys increase both the strength and elastic modulus while decreasing the density, thereby resulting in very attractive combinations of properties. The commercial utilization of these alloys, however, has been hindered by a lack of adequate ductility at peak strength. Recent investigations have attributed the low ductility to intense, localized deformation. This is considered to be due to the promotion of planar slip by coherent, shearable, delta' (Al 3 Li) precipitates and the presence of precipitate free zones (PFZ's) at high angle grain boundaries. An Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Zr alloy, produced by rapidly solidified powder processing, was found to exhibit ductility improvements over comparable, lithium-containing alloys. Thin foils prepared from bulk tensile samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and no evidence of localized deformation was found. These, however, were only successfully produced from the region of uniform elongation below the neck and were thus limited to approximately 4% plastic strain. In order to observe the deformation behavior under severe strain, an in situ deformation study was conducted in a high voltage electron microscope (HVEM). Several investigators have used in situ HVEM techniques to study ductile fracture processes. The advantages of HVEM versus TEM for this purpose include: thicker specimens (due to a lower energy exchange of the electrons), a lower specimen contamination rate and a negligible increase in specimen temperature. Two lithium-containing alloys which had been previously reported to demonstrate localized, planar slip were studied for comparison

(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Ox (LiF)y: addition of LiF—an effective way to synthesize overdoped superconductor

Science.gov (United States)

Badica, P.; Iyo, A.; Aldica, G.; Kito, H.; Crisan, A.; Tanaka, Y.

2004-03-01

(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Ox superconductor with addition of y mol LiF has been synthesized by a high-pressure method. For the same synthesis conditions it was found that (almost) single-phase Cu, C-1234 samples can be synthesized for yLiF = 0-0.1 if the amount of z mol AgO oxidizer is increased linearly from zAgO = 0.45 to 0.73 and for yLiF = 0.1-0.2 if zAgO = 0.73 = constant. Transport measurements (rgr(T) and room-temperature Seebeck coefficient) have shown that these samples are overdoped: LiF is an effective addition for synthesis of overdoped Cu, C-1234 with a controlled level of carriers. LiF addition continuously decreases Tc. The critical point at yLiF = 0.1 is discussed as the solubility limit of LiF and/or the point where the doping mechanism changes. It is proposed that the reason is the reaction of extra Li with C and O to form Li2CO3, inducing a lower concentration of C in Cu, C-1234/LiF crystals, and at the same time a possible substitution of Li not only for the Cu site but also for the Ca site, resulting in formation of a higher amount of residual Ca0.828CuO2 (for yLiF>0.1). LiF induces the formation of a liquid phase and acts as a flux promoting the formation of Cu,C-12 (n-1)n with n \\ge 4 . LiF modifies to some degree the grain growth from a 3D to a 2D type (thinner platelike grains have been observed in the LiF added samples).

(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Ox-(LiF)y: addition of LiF-an effective way to synthesize overdoped superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Badica, P; Iyo, A; Aldica, G; Kito, H; Crisan, A; Tanaka, Y

2004-01-01

(Cu,C)Ba 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O x superconductor with addition of y mol LiF has been synthesized by a high-pressure method. For the same synthesis conditions it was found that (almost) single-phase Cu, C-1234 samples can be synthesized for y LiF = 0-0.1 if the amount of z mol AgO oxidizer is increased linearly from z AgO = 0.45 to 0.73 and for y LiF 0.1-0.2 if z AgO = 0.73 constant. Transport measurements (ρ(T) and room-temperature Seebeck coefficient) have shown that these samples are overdoped: LiF is an effective addition for synthesis of overdoped Cu, C-1234 with a controlled level of carriers. LiF addition continuously decreases T c . The critical point at y LiF = 0.1 is discussed as the solubility limit of LiF and/or the point where the doping mechanism changes. It is proposed that the reason is the reaction of extra Li with C and O to form Li 2 CO 3 , inducing a lower concentration of C in Cu, C-1234/LiF crystals, and at the same time a possible substitution of Li not only for the Cu site but also for the Ca site, resulting in formation of a higher amount of residual Ca 0.828 CuO 2 (for y LiF >0.1). LiF induces the formation of a liquid phase and acts as a flux promoting the formation of Cu,C-12 (n-1)n with n ≥ 4. LiF modifies to some degree the grain growth from a 3D to a 2D type (thinner platelike grains have been observed in the LiF added samples)

Microstructures and formation mechanism of W–Cu composite coatings on copper substrate prepared by mechanical alloying method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meng, Yunfei; Shen, Yifu; Chen, Cheng; Li, Yongcan; Feng, Xiaomei

2013-01-01

In the present work, high-energy mechanical alloying (MA) method was applied to prepare tungsten–copper composite coatings on pure copper surface using a planetary ball mill. During mechanical alloying process, grains on the surface layer of substrate were refined and the substrate surface was activated as a result of repeated collisions by a large number of flying balls along with powder particles. The repeated ball-to-substrate collisions resulted in the deposition of coatings. The microstructures and elemental and phase composition of mechanically alloyed coatings at different milling durations during mechanical alloying process were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Microhardness tests were carried out to examine the mechanical properties of the coatings. The results showed that the coatings and the substrates were well bonded, and with the increase of the milling duration, multi-layered coatings with different structures were generated and the coatings became denser. The microhardness tests showed that the maximum microhardness of the coatings reached HV 0.1 228, showing a threefold improvement upon the substrate. And the cross-sectional microhardness values of the processed sample changed gradually, which gave a proof for the cushioning and sustaining functions of the multi-layered coatings. A reasonable formation mechanism of coatings on bulk materials with metallic immiscible system by mechanical alloying method was presented.

Formation of hydrotalcite coating on the aluminum alloy 6060 in spray system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhou, Lingli; Friis, Henrik; Roefzaad, Melanie

2016-01-01

Coatings with the composition of Li-Al-NO3 hydrotalcite were formed on the Al alloy 6060 using a spray system. The coatings consist of crystals with a typical hydrotalcite structure. Dense, uniform and blade-like flakes cover completely the surface of the Al substrate. The coatings display a multi......-layer structure with average thickness of ∼1000 nm. The hydrotalcite-coated samples performed better than those without coatings in salt-spray and filiform-corrosion tests, and further treatment involving sealing with a Mg acetate solution and dipping in a H2O2 + Ce-based solution improved the corrosion...

Superplasticity and grain boundary character distribution in overaged Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avramovic-Cingara, G.; Aust, K.T.; Perovic, D.D.; McQueen, H.J.

1995-01-01

Samples of 8091 alloy were subjected to a thermomechanical processing (TMP) treatment that included the following stages: overaging before deformation, multistage deformation at 300 deg C and strain rate change tests for superplasticity. Torsional deformation was utilized both to develop the refined microstructure and to test for superplasticity. The strain rate sensitivity, m, of the material ranged between 0.30 and 0.45 at 450 deg C for strain rates between 8 x 10 -2 and 10 -3 s -1 . The grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) of thermomechanically processed Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr (8091) alloy, which develops good superplastic response, has been determined by an electron backscattering diffraction technique (EBSD). All grain boundaries have been classified into one of three categories in terms of Σ values : low angle, coincidence site lattice and random high angle boundaries. Quantitative studies of grain boundary character were done after various processing stages to obtain evidence about structure evolution and indicate an increase in Σ boundary frequency following TMP. Selected area electron diffraction examination (SAD) gave evidence about the refined structure, in which the grain boundary misorientation increased EBSD how the grain boundary character was changed to high Σ values. TEM analyses indicate that the T 2 phase is responsible for substructure stabilization. There is no evidence of cavity formation during superplastic deformation by torsion, which suggests that cavity nucleation is strongly influenced by the nature of stress. (author). 32 refs., 3 tabs., 9 figs

Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4 by Li+-conductive Li3VO4 surface coatings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong, Youzhong; Zhao, Yanming; Duan, He; Liang, Zhiyong

2014-01-01

By a simple wet ball-milling method, Li 3 VO 4 -coated LiMnPO 4 samples were prepared successfully for the first time. The thin Li 3 VO 4 coating layer with a three-dimensional Li + -ion transport path and high mobility of Li + -ion strongly adhered to the LiMnPO 4 material reduces Mn dissolution and increases the Li + flux through the surface of the LiMnPO 4 itself by preventing formation of phases on the surface that would normally block Li + as well as Li + -ion permeation into the surface of the LiMnPO 4 electrode and therefore improve the rate capability as well as the cycling stability of LiMnPO 4 materials. The electrochemical testing shows that the 5% Li 3 VO 4 -coated LiMnPO 4 sample shows a clear voltage plateau in the charge curves and a much higher reversible capacity at different discharge rates compared with the pristine LiMnPO 4 . EIS results also show that the surface charge transfer resistance and Warburg impedance of the Li 3 VO 4 -coated LiMnPO 4 samples significantly decreased. The surface charge transfer resistance and Warburg impedance for the pristine LiMnPO 4 are 955.1 Ω and 400.3 Ω, respectively. While, for the 5% Li 3 VO 4 -coated LiMnPO 4 , the value are only 400.2 Ω and 283.6 Ω, respectively. The surface charge transfer resistance decreases more than half. All of the improved performance will be favorable for application of the LiMnPO 4 in high-power lithium ion batteries

Effect of copper content on the properties of electroless Ni–Cu–P coatings prepared on magnesium alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Junjun; Wang, Xudong; Tian, Zhiyong; Yuan, Ming; Ma, Xijuan

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Electroless Ni–Cu–P coatings were obtained on ZK61M magnesium alloys. • The crystallinity and compactness increases with the increasing of copper content. • The introduction of copper element in the coatings contributes to the formation of passivation film. • The coatings with higher corrosion resistance were obtained from the solution with a higher CuSO 4 concentration. - Abstract: The Ni–Cu–P coatings were obtained by electroless plating method on ZK61M magnesium alloys. The effect of copper content on the properties of electroless Ni–Cu–P coatings on magnesium alloys was further studied. The coatings surface and cross-section morphologies were observed with scanning electron microscope. The crystal structure and corrosion resistance of Ni–Cu–P coatings were evaluated by X-ray diffractometer and electrochemical tests. The experimental results showed that the Ni–Cu–P coatings were uniform and compact, and the corrosion resistance of these coatings was superior to Ni–P coatings owing to the introduction of copper. The crystallinity and compactness of the Ni–Cu–P coatings gradually enhanced with the increasing of copper content in the coatings. The introduction of copper element in the Ni–Cu–P coatings contributes to the formation of passivation film. The Ni–Cu–P coatings with higher corrosion resistance were obtained from the solution with a higher CuSO 4 concentration.

Grindability of cast Ti-Cu alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Kikuchi, Masafumi; Takada, Yukyo; Kiyosue, Seigo; Yoda, Masanobu; Woldu, Margaret; Cai, Zhuo; Okuno, Osamu; Okabe, Toru

2003-07-01

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the grindability of a series of cast Ti-Cu alloys in order to develop a titanium alloy with better grindability than commercially pure titanium (CP Ti), which is considered to be one of the most difficult metals to machine. Experimental Ti-Cu alloys (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mass% Cu) were made in an argon-arc melting furnace. Each alloy was cast into a magnesia mold using a centrifugal casting machine. Cast alloy slabs (3.5 mm x 8.5 mm x 30.5 mm), from which the hardened surface layer (250 microm) was removed, were ground using a SiC abrasive wheel on an electric handpiece at four circumferential speeds (500, 750, 1000, or 1250 m/min) at 0.98 N (100 gf). Grindability was evaluated by measuring the amount of metal volume removed after grinding for 1min. Data were compared to those for CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. For all speeds, Ti-10% Cu alloy exhibited the highest grindability. For the Ti-Cu alloys with a Cu content of 2% or less, the highest grindability corresponded to an intermediate speed. It was observed that the grindability increased with an increase in the Cu concentration compared to CP Ti, particularly for the 5 or 10% Cu alloys at a circumferential speed of 1000 m/min or above. By alloying with copper, the cast titanium exhibited better grindability at high speed. The continuous precipitation of Ti(2)Cu among the alpha-matrix grains made this material less ductile and facilitated more effective grinding because small broken segments more readily formed.

Electrochemical behaviors of wax-coated Li powder/Li 4Ti 5O 12 cells

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Han Eol; Seong, Il Won; Yoon, Woo Young

The wax-coated Li powder specimen was effectively synthesized using the drop emulsion technique (DET). The wax layer on the powder was verified by SEM, Focused Ion Beam (FIB), EDX and XPS. The porosity of a sintered wax-coated Li electrode was measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and compared with that of a bare, i.e., un-coated Li electrode. The electrochemical behavior of the wax-coated Li powder anode cell was examined by the impedance analysis and cyclic testing methods. The cyclic behavior of the wax-coated Li powder anode with the Li 4Ti 5O 12 (LTO) cathode cell was examined at a constant current density of 0.35 mA cm -2 with the cut-off voltages of 1.2-2.0 V at 25 °C. Over 90% of the initial capacity of the cell remained even after the 300th cycle. The wax-coated Li powder was confirmed to be a stable anode material.

Characterization of Precipitation in Al-Li Alloy AA2195 by means of Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Electron Microscopy

KAUST Repository

Khushaim, Muna; Boll, Torben; Seibert, Judith; Haider, Ferdinand; Al-Kassab, Talaat

2015-01-01

The microstructure of the commercial alloy AA2195 was investigated on the nanoscale after conducting T8 tempering. This particular thermomechanical treatment of the specimen resulted in the formation of platelet-shaped T 1 Al 2 CuLi / θ ′ Al 2 Cu precipitates within the Al matrix. The electrochemically prepared samples were analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography for chemical mapping. The θ ′ platelets, which are less than 2 nm thick, have the stoichiometric composition consistent with the expected Al 2 Cu equilibrium composition. Additionally, the Li distribution inside the θ ′ platelets was found to equal the same value as in the matrix. The equally thin T 1 platelet deviates from the formula (Al 2 CuLi) in its stoichiometry and shows Mg enrichment inside the platelet without any indication of a higher segregation level at the precipitate/matrix interface. The deviation from the (Al 2 CuLi) stoichiometry cannot be simply interpreted as a consequence of artifacts when measuring the Cu and Li concentrations inside the T 1 platelet. The results show rather a strong hint for a true lower Li and Cu contents, hence supporting reasonably the hypothesis that the real chemical composition for the thin T 1 platelet in the T8 tempering condition differs from the equilibrium composition of the thermodynamic stable bulk phase.

Characterization of Precipitation in Al-Li Alloy AA2195 by means of Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Electron Microscopy

KAUST Repository

Khushaim, Muna

2015-05-19

The microstructure of the commercial alloy AA2195 was investigated on the nanoscale after conducting T8 tempering. This particular thermomechanical treatment of the specimen resulted in the formation of platelet-shaped T 1 Al 2 CuLi / θ ′ Al 2 Cu precipitates within the Al matrix. The electrochemically prepared samples were analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography for chemical mapping. The θ ′ platelets, which are less than 2 nm thick, have the stoichiometric composition consistent with the expected Al 2 Cu equilibrium composition. Additionally, the Li distribution inside the θ ′ platelets was found to equal the same value as in the matrix. The equally thin T 1 platelet deviates from the formula (Al 2 CuLi) in its stoichiometry and shows Mg enrichment inside the platelet without any indication of a higher segregation level at the precipitate/matrix interface. The deviation from the (Al 2 CuLi) stoichiometry cannot be simply interpreted as a consequence of artifacts when measuring the Cu and Li concentrations inside the T 1 platelet. The results show rather a strong hint for a true lower Li and Cu contents, hence supporting reasonably the hypothesis that the real chemical composition for the thin T 1 platelet in the T8 tempering condition differs from the equilibrium composition of the thermodynamic stable bulk phase.

Characterization of Precipitation in Al-Li Alloy AA2195 by means of Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Electron Microscopy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muna Khushaim

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The microstructure of the commercial alloy AA2195 was investigated on the nanoscale after conducting T8 tempering. This particular thermomechanical treatment of the specimen resulted in the formation of platelet-shaped T1Al2CuLi/θ′Al2Cu precipitates within the Al matrix. The electrochemically prepared samples were analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography for chemical mapping. The θ′ platelets, which are less than 2 nm thick, have the stoichiometric composition consistent with the expected Al2Cu equilibrium composition. Additionally, the Li distribution inside the θ′ platelets was found to equal the same value as in the matrix. The equally thin T1 platelet deviates from the formula (Al2CuLi in its stoichiometry and shows Mg enrichment inside the platelet without any indication of a higher segregation level at the precipitate/matrix interface. The deviation from the (Al2CuLi stoichiometry cannot be simply interpreted as a consequence of artifacts when measuring the Cu and Li concentrations inside the T1 platelet. The results show rather a strong hint for a true lower Li and Cu contents, hence supporting reasonably the hypothesis that the real chemical composition for the thin T1 platelet in the T8 tempering condition differs from the equilibrium composition of the thermodynamic stable bulk phase.

Microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of Ni-Cu-W substrates for coated conductors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wulff, Anders Christian; Mishin, Oleg; Andersen, Niels Hessel

2013-01-01

concentrations of copper, increasing the Cu-content to 10 at% and 15 at% leads to increased frequencies of annealing twins in the cube-textured matrix. It is suggested that the (Ni 95W5)100-xCux alloy with x=5 at% Cu may be a good candidate material for using as a substrate for coated conductors. © 2012 Elsevier...

Experimental and computational investigation of the dynamic behavior of Al–Cu–Li alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khanikar, Prasenjit [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910 (United States); Liu, Yi [Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7531 (United States); Zikry, M.A., E-mail: zikry@ncsu.edu [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910 (United States)

2014-05-01

A dislocation-density based crystalline plasticity formulation, finite-element techniques, rational crystallographic orientation relations and a new fracture methodology were used to predict the failure modes associated with the high strain rate behavior of high strength Al–Cu–Li alloys. Widely used aluminum alloy 2195 (AA2195) was taken as the representative of Al–Cu–Li alloys. Experimental characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were performed to gain insights on microstructural behavior. The alloy aggregate was modeled with representative microstructures that included precipitates, dispersed particles, and different grain boundary (GB) distributions. The new fracture methodology, based on overlapping elements and phantom nodes, was used with a fracture criteria specialized for fracture on different cleavage planes to investigate dynamic crack nucleation and growth. The compressive behavior of AA2195 under high strain rate loading was compared with that of Al–Cu alloy 2139 to further understand the behavior of the AA2195 with the more ductile AA2139. The predictions quantify how local microstructural effects, due to precipitates and dispersed particles, have a dominant effect on crack initiation and growth.

Evaluation of mechanical properties of Aluminum-Copper cold sprayed and alloy 625 wire arc sprayed coatings

Science.gov (United States)

Bashirzadeh, Milad

This study examines microstructural-based mechanical properties of Al-Cu composite deposited by cold spraying and wire arc sprayed nickel-based alloy 625 coating using numerical modeling and experimental techniques. The microhardness and elastic modulus of samples were determined using the Knoop hardness technique. Hardness in both transverse and longitudinal directions on the sample cross-sections has been measured. An image-based finite element simulation algorithm was employed to determine the mechanical properties through an inverse analysis. In addition mechanical tests including, tensile, bending, and nano-indentation tests were performed on alloy 625 wire arc sprayed samples. Overall, results from the experimental tests are in relatively good agreement for deposited Al-Cu composites and alloy 625 coating. However, results obtained from numerical simulation are significantly higher in value than experimentally obtained results. Examination and comparison of the results are strong indications of the influence of microstructure characteristics on the mechanical properties of thermally spray deposited coatings.

Development of Al-Mg-Li alloys for fusion reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shoji, Yoshifusa; Yoshida, Hideo; Uno, Teruo; Baba, Yoshio; Kamada, Koji.

1985-01-01

Aluminum-magnesium-lithium alloys featuring low residual induced radioactivity and high electrical resistivity have been developed for fusion reactor structural materials. The addition of lithium in aluminum and Al-Mg alloys markedly increases electrical resistivity and tensile strength of them. However the elongation of Al-Mg-Li alloys containing more than 2 mass% lithium are less than 10 %. The Al-4--5 mass%Mg-1 mass%Li alloys are optimum for fusion reactor materials, and exhibit high resistivity (86 nΩm: 20 %IACS), medium strength (300 MPa) and good formability (22 % elongation). The variation of electrical resistivity of Al-Li and Al-Mg-Li alloys in solid solution can be approximated by the Matthiessen's rule. (author)

Consolidation processing parameters and alternative processing methods for powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg-X-X alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Sankaran, K. K.

1987-01-01

The effects of varying the vacuum degassing parameters on the microstructure and properties of Al-4Cu-1Mg-X-X (X-X = 1.5Li-0.2Zr or 1.5Fe-0.75Ce) alloys processed from either prealloyed (PA) or mechanically alloyed (M) powder, and consolidated by either using sealed aluminum containers or containerless vacuum hot pressing were studied. The consolidated billets were hot extruded to evaluate microstructure and properties. The MA Li-containing alloy did not include Zr, and the MA Fe- and Ce-containing alloy was made from both elemental and partially prealloyed powder. The alloys were vacuum degassed both above and below the solution heat treatment temperature. While vacuum degassing lowered the hydrogen content of these alloys, the range over which the vacuum degassing parameters were varied was not large enough to cause significant changes in degassing efficiency, and the observed variations in the mechanical properties of the heat treated alloys were attributed to varying contributions to strengthening by the sub-structure and the dispersoids. Mechanical alloying increased the strength over that of alloys of similar composition made from PA powder. The inferior properties in the transverse orientation, especially in the Li-containing alloys, suggested deficiencies in degassing. Among all of the alloys processed for this study, the Fe- and Ce-containing alloys made from MA powder possessed better combinations of strength and toughness.

Comparative study of Cu-Zr and Cu-Ru alloy films for barrier-free Cu metallization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Ying; Cao Fei; Zhang Milin; Liu Yuntao

2011-01-01

The properties of Cu-Zr and Cu-Ru alloy films were comparatively studied to evaluate their potential use as alloying elements. Cu alloy films were deposited on SiO 2 /Si substrates by magnetron sputtering. Samples were subsequently annealed and analyzed by four-point probe measurement, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction data suggest that Cu film has preferential (111) crystal orientation and no extra peak corresponding to any compound of Cu, Zr, Ru, and Si. According to transmission electron microscopy results, Cu grains grow in size for both systems but the grain sizes of the Cu alloy films are smaller than that of pure Cu films. These results indicate that Cu-Zr film is suitable for advanced barrier-free metallization in terms of interfacial stability and lower resistivity.

High-temperature deformation behavior and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Al-Li-Co and Al-Li-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sastry, S.M.L.; Oneal, J.E.

1984-01-01

The deformation behavior at 25-300 C of rapidly solidified Al-3Li-0.6Co and Al-3Li-0.3Zr alloys was studied by tensile property measurements and transmission electron microscopic examination of dislocation substructures. In binary Al-3Li and Al-3Li-Co alloys, the modulus normalized yield stress increases with an increase in temperature up to 150 C and then decreases. The yield stress at 25 C of Al-3Li-0.3Zr alloys is 180-200 MPa higher than that of Al-3Li alloys. However, the yield stress of the Zr-containing alloy decreases drastically with increasing temperatures above 75 C. The short-term yield stresses at 100-200 C of the Al-3Li-based alloys are higher than that of the conventional high-temperature Al alloys. The temperature dependences of the flow stresses of the alloys were analyzed in terms of the magnitudes and temperature dependences of the various strengthening contributions in the two alloys. The dislocation substructures at 25-300 C were correlated with mechanical properties. 19 references

Stretch strength of Al-Li alloy sheet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, K.; Sawa, Y.; Yokoyama, T.; Fujimoto, S. [Science Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Mech. Eng.; Sakamoto, T. [Kobe Steel Works, Tokyo (Japan)

1998-07-01

Stretch test on Al-Li alloy sheet was carried out in stretch rate of 0.01 to 0.2 mm/sec. The limiting stretch depth was measured in various conditions and the following results were obtained. (1) Stretch rate does not affect the limiting stretch depth of Al-Li alloy. (2) The limiting stretch depth is increased with increase of the profile radius. (3) Strain hardening exponent(n-value) and r-value of Lankford do not affect the limiting stretch depth. (4) Rapture pattern in stretch test of Al is {alpha} type rapture and that of Al-Li alloy is straight line type rapture. (orig.) 4 refs.

Structural evolution, thermomechanical recrystallization and electrochemical corrosion properties of Ni-Cu-Mg amorphous coating on mild steel fabricated by dual-anode electrolytic processing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdulwahab, M., E-mail: mabdulwahab@abu.edu.ng [Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria (South Africa); Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (Nigeria); Fayomi, O.S.I., E-mail: ojosundayfayomi3@gmail.com [Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria (South Africa); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota (Nigeria); Popoola, A.P.I., E-mail: popoolaapi@tut.ac.za [Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria (South Africa)

2016-07-01

Highlights: • The surface of the coat containing Ni-Cu-Mg alloy on mild steel have sufficiently enhanced the properties. • Isothermally treated composites demonstrated 45% increase in the micro-hardness and 79.6% corrosion resistance. • The thermal stability of the developed Ni-Cu-Mg thin films on mild steel was excellent. - Abstract: The electrolytic Ni-Cu based alloy coating with admixed interfacial blend of Mg have been successfully prepared on mild steel substrate by dual anode electroplating processes over a range of applied current density and dwell time. The electrocodeposition of Ni-Cu-Mg coating was investigated in the presence of other bath additives. The influence of deposition current on surface morphology, adhesion behavior, preferred crystal orientation, surface topography and electrochemical activity of Ni-Cu-Mg alloy coating on mild steel were systematically examined. The thermal stability of the developed composite materials was examined via isothermal treatment. Scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS, X-ray diffraction, Atomic force microscope, micro-hardness tester and 3 μmetrohm Potentiostat/galvanostat were used to compare untreated and isothermally treated electrocodeposited composite. The induced activity of the Ni-Cu-Mg alloy changed the surface modification and results to crystal precipitation within the structural interface by the formation of Cu{sub ,} Ni{sub 2}Mg{sub 3} phase. The obtained results showed that the introduction of Mg particles in the plating bath generally modified the surface and brings an increase in the hardness and corrosion resistance of Ni-Cu-Mg layers fabricated. Equally, isothermally treated composites demonstrated an improved properties indicating 45% increase in the micro-hardness and 79.6% corrosion resistance which further showed that the developed composite is thermally stable.

Age hardening in mechanically alloyed Al-Mg-Li-C-O

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Papazian, J.M. (Corporate Research Center, Grumman Corporation, Bethpage, NY (USA)); Gilman, P. (Allied-Signal Inc., Morristown, NJ (USA))

1990-05-01

The age-hardening behavior of a series of mechanically alloyed Al-Mg-Li-C-O alloys containing 3.0-4.0 wt.% Mg and 1.3-1.75 wt.% Li was studied using hardness tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy. The hardness tests showed an increased hardness after 100degC aging in all the alloys containing at least 1.5 at.% Li. Likewise, the calorimetry results showed the presence of pronounced precipitate dissolution peaks in these same alloys after 100degC aging. The volume fraction of precipitates formed (as measured by the dissolution enthalpies of the DSC peaks) increased systematically with increasing solute content. Transmission electron microscopy after 100 and 190degC aging showed images and diffraction spots similar to those of {delta}' (Al{sub 3}Li). Comparison of the DSC results with results from binary Al-Li and Al-Mg alloys indicated that the precipitates formed in the Al-Mg-Li-C-O alloys were similar to those formed in binary Al-Li alloys, and that the primary role of the magnesium was to lower the solid solubility of lithium. (orig.).

Catalogue of X-Ray Texture Data for Al-Cu-Li Alloy 1460, 2090, 2096 and 2195 Near-Net-Shape Extrusions, Sheet and Plate

Science.gov (United States)

Hales, Stephen J.; Hafley, Robert A.; Alexa, Joel A.

1998-01-01

The effect of crystallographic texture on the mechanical properties of near-net-shape extrusions is of major interest ff these products are to find application in launch vehicle or aircraft structures. The objective of this research was to produce a catalogue containing quantitative texture information for extruded product, sheet and plate. The material characterized was extracted from wide, integrally stiffened panels fabricated from the Al-Cu-Li alloys 1460, 2090, 2096 and 2195. The textural characteristics of sheet and plate products of the same alloys were determined for comparison purposes. The approach involved using X-ray diffraction to generate pole figures in combination with orientation distribution function analysis. The data were compiled as a function of location in the extruded cross-sections and the variation in the major deformation- and recrystallization-related texture components was identified.

The Effect of Modulation Ratio of Cu/Ni Multilayer Films on the Fretting Damage Behaviour of Ti-811 Titanium Alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiaohua; Liu, Daoxin; Li, Xiaoying; Dong, Hanshan; Xi, Yuntao

2017-05-26

To improve the fretting damage (fretting wear and fretting fatigue) resistance of Ti-811 titanium alloy, three Cu/Ni multilayer films with the same modulation period thickness (200 nm) and different modulation ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3) were deposited on the surface of the alloy via ion-assisted magnetron sputtering deposition (IAD). The bonding strength, micro-hardness, and toughness of the films were evaluated, and the effect of the modulation ratio on the room-temperature fretting wear (FW) and fretting fatigue (FF) resistance of the alloy was determined. The results indicated that the IAD technique can be successfully used to prepare Cu/Ni multilayer films, with high bonding strength, low-friction, and good toughness, which yield improved room-temperature FF and FW resistance of the alloy. For the same modulation period (200 nm), the micro-hardness, friction, and FW resistance of the coated alloy increased, decreased, and improved, respectively, with increasing modulation ratio of the Ni-to-Cu layer thickness. However, the FF resistance of the coated alloy increased non-monotonically with the increasing modulation ratio. Among the three Cu/Ni multilayer films, those with a modulation ratio of 1:1 can confer the highest FF resistance to the Ti-811 alloy, owing mainly to their unique combination of good toughness, high strength, and low-friction.

Growth Structure and Properties of Gradient Nanocrystalline Coatings of the Ti-Al-Si-Cu-N System

Science.gov (United States)

Ovchinnikov, S. V.; Pinzhin, Yu. P.

2016-10-01

Methods of electron microprobe analysis, X-ray structure analysis and electron microscopy were used to study the element composition and features of the structure-phase, elastic stress state of nanocrystalline coatings of the Ti- Al- Si- Cu- N system with gradient of copper concentration across their thickness. The authors established the effects of element composition modification, non-monotonous behavior of the lattice constant of alloyed nitride and rise in the bending-torsion value of the crystalline lattice in individual nanocrystals to values of around 400 degrees/μm with increase in copper concentration, whereas the sizes of alloyed nitride crystals remained practically unchanged. Mechanical (hardness), adhesion and tribological properties of coatings were examined. Comparative analysis demonstrates higher values of adhesion characteristics in the case of gradient coatings of the Ti- Al- Si- Cu- N system than in the case of single-layer (with constant element concentration) analogues.

Correlation between zirconium oxide impedance and corrosion behavior of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Sang Yoon; Lee, Myung Ho; Choi, Byoung Kwon; Jeong, Yong Hwan; Jung, Youn Ho

2001-01-01

To evaluate the correlation of Zr oxide impedance and corrosion behavior of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys, the corrosion behavior of the alloys was tested in the autoclave containing 70 ppm LiOH solution at 360 .deg. C. The characteristics of the oxide on the alloys were investigated by using the electrochemical impedance spectrosocpy (EIS) method. The corrosion resistance of the alloys was evaluated from the corrosion rate determined as a function of the concentration of Nb. The equivalent circuit of the oxide was composed on the base of the spectrum from EIS measurements on the oxide layers that had formed at pre-and post-transition regions on the curve of corrosion rate. By using the capacitance characteristics of the equivalent circuit, the thickness of impervious layer, it's electrical resistance and characteristics of space charge layer were evaluated. The corrosion characteristics of the Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys were successfully explained by applying the EIS test results

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy as a tool to investigate silane-based coatings for the protection of outdoor bronze: The role of alloying elements

Science.gov (United States)

Masi, G.; Balbo, A.; Esvan, J.; Monticelli, C.; Avila, J.; Robbiola, L.; Bernardi, E.; Bignozzi, M. C.; Asensio, M. C.; Martini, C.; Chiavari, C.

2018-03-01

Application of a protective coating is the most widely used conservation treatment for outdoor bronzes (cast Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb-Sb alloys). However, improving coating protectiveness requires detailed knowledge of the coating/substrate chemical bonding. This is particularly the case for 3-mercapto-propyl-trimethoxy-silane (PropS-SH) applied on bronze, exhibiting a good protective behaviour in outdoor simulated conditions. The present work deals with X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM + FIB (Focused Ion Beam)) characterization of a thin PropS-SH film on bronze. In particular, in order to better understand the influence of alloying elements on coating performance, PropS-SH was studied first on pure Cu and Sn substrates then on bronzes with increasing alloy additions: Cu8Sn as well as a quinary Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb-Sb bronze. Moreover, considering the real application of this coating on historical bronze substrates, previously artificially aged ("patinated") bronze samples were prepared and a comparison between bare and "patinated" quinary bronzes was performed. In the case of coated quinary bronze, the free surface of samples was analysed by High Resolution Photoelectron Spectroscopy using Synchrotron Radiation (HR-SRPES) at ANTARES (Synchrotron SOLEIL), which offers a higher energy and lateral resolution. By compiling complementary spectroscopic and imaging information, a deeper insight into the interactions between the protective coating and the bronze substrate was achieved.

High-strength laser welding of aluminum-lithium scandium-doped alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Malikov, A. G.; Ivanova, M. Yu.

2016-11-01

The work presents the experimental investigation of laser welding of an aluminum alloy (system Al-Mg-Li) and aluminum alloy (system Al-Cu-Li) doped with Sc. The influence of nano-structuring of the surface layer welded joint by cold plastic deformation on the strength properties of the welded joint is determined. It is founded that, regarding the deformation degree over the thickness, the varying value of the welded joint strength is different for these aluminum alloys. The strength of the plastically deformed welded joint, aluminum alloys of the Al-Mg-Li and Al-Cu-Li systems reached 0.95 and 0.6 of the base alloy strength, respectively.

Novel method for controllable fabrication of a superhydrophobic CuO surface on AZ91D magnesium alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

She, Zuxin; Li, Qing; Wang, Zhongwei; Li, Longqin; Chen, Funan; Zhou, Juncen

2012-08-01

A novel method for controllable fabrication of a superhydrophobic CuO surface on AZ91D magnesium alloy is reported in this paper. Hierarchical structure composed of micro/nano-featherlike CuO was obtained by electrodeposition of Cu-Zn alloy coating and subsequently an electrochemical anodic treatment in alkaline solution. After modification with lauric acid, the surface became hydrophobicity/superhydrophobicity. The formation of featherlike CuO structures was controllable by varying the coating composition. By applying SEM, ICP-AES, and water contact angle analysis, the effects of coating composition on the surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the as-prepared surfaces were detailedly studied. The results indicated that at the optimal condition, the surface showed a good superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle as high as 155.5 ± 1.3° and a sliding angle as low as about 3°. Possible growth mechanism of featherlike CuO hierarchical structure was discussed. Additionally, the anticorrosion effect of the superhydrophobic surface was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The interface model for anticorrosion mechanism of superhydrophobic surface in corrosive medium was proposed. Besides, the mechanical stability test indicated that the resulting superhydrophobic surfaces have good mechanical stability.

Observations of a Cast Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Ellis, David L.

2006-01-01

Prior work has demonstrated that Cu-Cr-Nb alloys have considerable advantages over the copper alloys currently used in regeneratively cooled rocket engine liners. Observations indicated that Zr and Nb have similar chemical properties and form very similar compounds. Glazov and Zakharov et al. reported the presence of Cr2Zr in Cu-Cr-Zr alloys with up to 3.5 wt% Cr and Zr though Zeng et al. calculated that Cr2Zr could not exist in a ternary Cu-Cr-Zr alloy. A cast Cu-6.15 wt% Cr-5.25 wt% Zr alloy was examined to determine if the microstructure developed would be similar to GRCop-84 (Cu-6.65 wt% Cr-5.85 wt% Nb). It was observed that the Cu-Cr-Zr system did not form any Cr2Zr even after a thermal exposure at 875 C for 176.5 h. Instead the alloy consisted of three phases: Cu, Cu5Zr, and Cr.

Growth and characterization of NixCu1-x alloy films, NixCu1-x/NiyCu1-y multilayers, and nanowires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kazeminezhad, I.

2001-12-01

It was found that it is possible to grow Ni x Cu 1-x alloy systems of arbitrary composition by electrodepositing well-defined sub-monolayer quantities of Ni and Cu in alternation using a new method based on that used previously to prepare potentiostatically deposited magnetic multilayers from a single sulphamate-based electrolyte. Following growth, the chemical composition of Ni x Cu 1-x alloy films was obtained by ZAF-corrected energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis and less than a 4% difference between the nominal and actual composition was observed. The structure of the films was investigated by high-angle X-ray diffractometry (HAXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The films grown on polycrystalline Cu substrates had (100) texture, while those grown on Au-coated glass had (111) texture. Some evidence of Ni clustering was obtained by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Self-organisation of the deposited metal was suggested for Ni potentials more positive than ∼-1.4V. The transition from a Ni/Cu multilayer to a Ni x Cu 1-x alloy was also studied and an interesting aspect, namely a plateau region in a plot of magnetisation as a function of Ni layer thickness was observed, suggesting a preferred Ni cluster size in these alloy films. Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) of the films decreased with increasing Cu content at 300K and 77K. SQUID measurements for Ni 0.52 Cu 0.48 and Ni 0.62 CU 0.38 films showed that they become much more strongly ferromagnetic at low temperatures. Evidence for blocked -superparamagnetic behaviour above a blocking temperature (T B ) of the films was obtained from zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetic susceptibility measurements. Ni x Cu 1-x /Ni y Cu 1-y alloy/alloy multilayer films with short repeat distance were successfully fabricated using this method. Up to third order satellite peaks observed in HAXRD showed that the interface is sharp. Room temperature longitudinal magnetoresistance measurements showed

Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as superior electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries: Ionic liquid assisted synthesis and the effect of CuO coating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Xueliang; Guo, Wei; Liu, Yunfu; He, Wenxiang; Xiao, Zhenghui

2014-01-01

The LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 with different morphologies have been successfully prepared through co-precipitation route in mixed solution containing 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C 12 mim]Br) and H 2 O with different mass ratios and followed by a solid reaction at high temperature. The morphology of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 varies with the increasing ratio of [C 12 mim]Br. These samples synthesized at three kinds of concentrations present flake-like morphology, agglomerated flake-like structure and polygon particles with size about 700 nm, respectively. The as-prepared LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 with polygon structure presents the highest discharge capacity. The optimal LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 sample was modified with 1, 3 and 5 wt.% CuO, respectively. The electrochemical testing results demonstrate 3 wt.% CuO-modified material had the capacity retention of higher than 95% after 100 cycles, and high capacity of 98.7 mAh g −1 at 10 C rate, in comparison with the capacity retention of 83% and capacity of 63.6 mAh g −1 for the pristine one. The remarkably improved rate performance and cycling stability can be attributed to CuO coating, which acts as an effective lithium-ion conductor and a protective material against corrosion from electrolyte

Stress-corrosion behavior of aluminum-lithium alloys in aqueous environments

Science.gov (United States)

Pizzo, P. P.; Galvin, R. P.; Nelson, H. G.

1983-01-01

The stress corrosion susceptibility of two powder metallurgy (P/M) alloys, Al-Li-Cu and Al-Li-Cu-Mg two mechanically attrited (M/A) alloys, Al-Li-Cu and Al-Li-Mg; and two wrought, ingot alloys, X-2020 and AA7475, are compared. Time-dependent fracture in an aqueous sodium chloride environment under alternate immersion condition was found to vary significantly between alloys. The stress corrosion behavior of the two powder metallurgy processed alloys was studied in detail under conditions of crack initiation, static crack growth, and fatigue crack growth. A variety of stress corrosion tests were performed including smooth surface, time-to-failure tests; potentiostatic tests on smooth surfaces exposed to constant applied strain rates; and fracture mechanics-type tests under static and cyclic loads. Both alloys show surface pitting and subsequent intergranular corrosion. Pitting is more severe in the magnesium-bearing alloy and is associated with stringer particles strung along the extrusion direction as a result of P/M processing.

Thermal mechanic processing effects on the microstructural evolution of Al-Li alloys; Efeitos do processamento termomecanico sobre a evolucao microestrutural de ligas Al-Li

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goncalves, Marcelo

1993-12-31

The investigation of the effects of different thermomechanical treatments on the microstructure of alloys 8090 and 8091 (Al-Li-Cu-Mg{sub Z}r) is the aim of the present work. In this context, the intervention of static recrystallization during solution treatment after hot working is the determining factor on the final microstructure of products in form of plates. The results could reveal that the rolling temperature is a very important variable if microstructural control is to be achieved in these alloys. (author) 9 refs., 6 figs.

The evolution of precipitation and microstructure in friction stir welded 2195-T8 Al–Li alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qin, Hailong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Zhang, Hua, E-mail: hua.zhang@twi.co.uk [The Welding Institute, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL (United Kingdom); Wu, Huiqiang [Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076 (China)

2015-02-25

Precipitate and microstructure evolution in friction stir welding of 2195-T8 aluminum alloy was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The results show that precipitations in the base metal primarily consist of T{sub 1} (Al{sub 2}CuLi) platelets and small amounts of θ′ (Al{sub 2}Cu) and τ{sub 2} (Al{sub 7}Cu{sub 2}Fe) phase. In the heat affected zone (HAZ), these precipitations dissolve during welding, allowing the re-precipitation of δ′ (Al{sub 3}Li) and β′ (Al{sub 3}Zr) during cooling. δ′ and β′ phase are the major strengthening phase in the weld nugget zone (WNZ), which results in the observed lower microhardness of the nugget region. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve is used to confirm and interpret the results provided by the microscopy.

Microstructure and properties of the low-power-laser clad coatings on magnesium alloy with different amount of rare earth addition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu, Rundong; Li, Zhiyong; Li, Xiaoxi; Sun, Qi

2015-01-01

Highlights: • The low-power-laser was used to obtain the excellent coatings with different amount of Y_2O_3 addition. • The addition of rare earth oxide Y_2O_3 refined and purified the microstructure of the coatings, meanwhile, increased the thickness of the coatings and reduced the dilution of cladding materials from based alloy. • The primary phases in the coatings are Mg_3_2Al_4_7Cu_7, MgCu_6Al_5, Al_2CuMg and Al_1_2Mg_1_7. The A_l_4MgY and MgAl_2O_4 phase can be found in Y_2O_3-modified coatings. • The micro-hardness and the abrasion resistance of the coatings with Y_2O_3 had been improved obviously compared with the coatings without Y_2O_3. • The corrosion resistance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy had been improved by laser cladding. And the effect of Y_2O_3 on the corrosion potential of the coatings was less than the effect of Y_2O_3 on corrosion current density of the coatings. - Abstract: Due to the low-melting-point and high evaporation rate of magnesium at elevated temperature, high power laser clad coating on magnesium always causes subsidence and deterioration in the surface. Low power laser can reduce the evaporation effect while brings problems such as decreased thickness, incomplete fusion and unsatisfied performance. Therefore, low power laser with selected parameters was used in our research work to obtain Al–Cu coatings with Y_2O_3 addition on AZ91D magnesium alloy. The addition of Y_2O_3 obviously increases thickness of the coating and improves the melting efficiency. Furthermore, the effect of Y_2O_3 addition on the microstructure of laser clad Al–Cu coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to examine the elemental and phase compositions of the coatings. The properties were investigated by micro-hardness test, dry wear test and electrochemical corrosion. It was found that the addition of Y_2O_3 refined the microstructure. The micro

Microstructure and functional properties of the TiNi- and CuAl-based SMA thin films and coats produced by PVD technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kolomytsev, V.; Musienko, R.; Nevdacha, V.; Panarin, V.; Pasko, A.; Cesari, E.; Segui, C.; Humbeeck, J. van

2000-01-01

The TiNi- and CuAl-based shape memory alloy thin films and wear/corrosion resistant surface coats have been produced by the ion-plasma deposition method with an arc dispersion of the cathode/target. This technique was widely used for production of the coats from a sprayed pure metal or a single-phase alloy. We have offered to use this process for dispersion of the heterophase alloys like shape memory alloys. The arguments for choosing of this technique are discussed with respect to creation of the conditions for preservation not only chemical composition, but also phase structure of an alloy in a covering, thus the shape memory/superelastic effects to be kept in a coat. (orig.)

Vanadium—lithium in-pile loop for comprehensive tests of vanadium alloys and multipurpose coatings

Science.gov (United States)

Lyublinski, I. E.; Evtikhin, V. A.; Ivanov, V. B.; Kazakov, V. A.; Korjavin, V. M.; Markovchev, V. K.; Melder, R. R.; Revyakin, Y. L.; Shpolyanskiy, V. N.

1996-10-01

The reliable information on design and material properties of self-cooled Li sbnd Li blanket and liquid metal divertor under neutron radiation conditions can be obtained using the concept of combined technological and material in-pile tests in a vanadium—lithium loop. The method of in-pile loop tests includes studies of vanadium—base alloys resistance, weld resistance under mechanical stress, multipurpose coating formation processes and coatings' resistance under the following conditions: high temperature (600-700°C), lithium velocities up to 10 m/s, lithium with controlled concentration of impurities and technological additions, a neutron load of 0.4-0.5 MW/m 2 and level of irradiation doses up to 5 dpa. The design of such an in-pile loop is considered. The experimental data on corrosion and compatibility with lithium, mechanical properties and welding technology of the vanadium alloys, methods of coatings formation and its radiation tests in lithium environment in the BOR-60 reactor (fast neutron fluence up to 10 26 m -2, irradiation temperature range of 500-523°C) are presented and analyzed as a basis for such loop development.

NASA-UVA Light Aerospace Alloy and Structures Technology Program (LA2ST)

Science.gov (United States)

Gangloff, Richard P.; Scully, John R.; Stoner, Glenn E.; Thornton, Earl A.; Wawner, Franklin E., Jr.; Wert, John A.

1993-01-01

The NASA-UVA Light Aerospace Alloy and Structures Technology (LA2ST) Program continues a high level of activity. Progress achieved between 1 Jan. and 30 Jun. 1993 is reported. The objective of the LA2ST Program is to conduct interdisciplinary graduate student research on the performance of next generation, light weight aerospace alloys, composites, and thermal gradient structures in collaboration with NASA-Langley researchers. The following projects are addressed: environmental fatigue of Al-Li-Cu alloys; mechanisms of localized corrosion and environmental fracture in Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag alloy X2095 and compositional variations; the effect of zinc additions on the precipitation and stress corrosion cracking behavior of alloy 8090; hydrogen interactions with Al-Li-Cu alloy 2090 and model alloys; metastable pitting of aluminum alloys; cryogenic fracture toughness of Al-Cu-Li + In alloys; the fracture toughness of Weldalite (TM); elevated temperature cracking of advanced I/M aluminum alloys; response of Ti-1100/SCS-6 composites to thermal exposure; superplastic forming of Weldalite (TM); research to incorporate environmental effects into fracture mechanics fatigue life prediction codes such as NASA FLAGRO; and thermoviscoplastic behavior.

Electrochemical properties of rapidly solidified Si-Ti-Ni(-Cu) base anode for Li-ion rechargeable batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Hye Jin; Sohn, Keun Yong; Park, Won-Wook

2013-11-01

In this study, rapidly solidified Si-Ti-Ni-Cu alloys have been investigated as high capacity anodes for Li-ion secondary batteries. To obtain nano-sized Si particles dispersed in the inactive matrix, the alloy ribbons were fabricated using the melt spinning process. The thin ribbons were pulverized using ball-milling to make a fine powder of ˜ 4 µm average size. Coin-cell assembly was carried out under an argon gas in a glove box, in which pure lithium was used as a counter-electrode. The cells were cycled using the galvanostatic method in the potential range of 0.01 V and 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+. The microstructure and morphology were examined using an x-ray diffractometer, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. Among the anode alloys, the Si70Ti15Ni15 electrodes had the highest discharge capacity (974.1 mAh/g) after the 50th cycle, and the Si60Ti16Ni16Cu8 electrode showed the best coulombic efficiency of ˜95.9% in cyclic behavior. It was revealed that the Si7Ni4Ti4 crystal phase coexisting with an amorphous phase, could more efficiently act as a buffer layer than the fully crystallized Si7Ni4Ti4 phase. Consequently, the electrochemical properties of the anode materials pronouncedly improved when the nano-sized primary Si particle was dispersed in the inactive Si7Ni4Ti4-based matrix mixed with an amorphous structure.

Effect of Cu content on wear resistance and mechanical behavior of Ti-Cu binary alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Feifei; Wang, Hefeng; Yuan, Guozheng; Shu, Xuefeng

2017-04-01

Arc melting with nonconsumable tungsten electrode and water-cooled copper crucible was used to fabricate Ti-Cu binary alloys with different Cu contents in an argon atmosphere. The compositions and phase structures of the fabricated alloys were investigated by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nanoindentation tests through continuous stiffness measurement were then performed at room temperature to analyze the mechanical behaviors of the alloys. Results indicated that the composition of each Ti-Cu binary alloy was Ti(100- x) Cu x ( x = 43, 60, 69, and 74 at.%). The XRD analysis results showed that the alloys were composed of different phases, indicating that different Cu contents led to the variations in alloy hardness. The wear tests results revealed that elemental Cu positively affects the wear resistance properties of the Ti-Cu alloys. Nanoindentation testing results showed that the moduli of the Ti-Cu alloys were minimally changed at increasing Cu content, whereas their hardness evidently increased according to the wear test results.

Facile synthesis of dendritic Cu by electroless reaction of Cu-Al alloys in multiphase solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Ying; Liang, Shuhua, E-mail: liangxaut@gmail.com; Yang, Qing; Wang, Xianhui

2016-11-30

Highlights: • Nano- or micro-scale fractal dendritic copper (FDC) was synthesized by electroless immersing of Cu-Al alloys in CuCl{sub 2} + HCl. • FDC size increases with the increase of Al content in Cu-Al alloys immersed in CuCl{sub 2} + HCl solution. • Nanoscale Cu{sub 2}O was found at the edge of FDC. Nanoporous copper (NPC) can also be obtained by using Cu{sub 17}Al{sub 83} alloy. • The potential difference between CuAl{sub 2} and α-Al phase and the replacement reaction in multiphase solution are key factors. - Abstract: Two-dimensional nano- or micro-scale fractal dendritic coppers (FDCs) were synthesized by electroless immersing of Cu-Al alloys in hydrochloric acid solution containing copper chloride without any assistance of template or surfactant. The FDC size increases with the increase of Al content in Cu-Al alloys immersed in CuCl{sub 2} + HCl solution. Compared to Cu{sub 40}Al{sub 60} and Cu{sub 45}Al{sub 55} alloys, the FDC shows hierarchical distribution and homogeneous structures using Cu{sub 17}Al{sub 83} alloy as the starting alloy. The growth direction of the FDC is <110>, and all angles between the trunks and branches are 60°. Nanoscale Cu{sub 2}O was found at the edge of FDC. Interestingly, nanoporous copper (NPC) can also be obtained through Cu{sub 17}Al{sub 83} alloy. Studies showed that the formation of FDC depended on two key factors: the potential difference between CuAl{sub 2} intermetallic and α-Al phase of dual-phase Cu-Al alloys; a replacement reaction that usually occurs in multiphase solution. The electrochemical experiment further proved that the multi-branch dendritic structure is very beneficial to the proton transfer in the process of catalyzing methanol.

Stress-corrosion behavior of aluminum-lithium alloys in aqueous salt environments

Science.gov (United States)

Pizzo, P. P.; Galvin, R. P.; Nelson, H. G.

1984-01-01

The stress corrosion susceptibility of two powder metallurgy (P/M) alloys, Al-Li-Cu and Al-Li-Cu-Mg; two mechanically attrited (M/A) alloys, Al-Li-Cu and Al-Li-Mg; and two wrought, ingot alloys, X-2020 and AA7475, are compared. Time-dependent fracture in an aqueous sodium chloride environment under alternate immersion condition was found to vary significantly between alloys. The stress corrosion behavior of the two powder metallurgy processed alloys was studied in detail under conditions of crack initiation, static crack growth, and fatigue crack growth. A variety of stress corrosion tests were performed including smooth surface, time-to-failure tests; potentiostatic tests on smooth surfaces exposed to constant applied strain rates; and fracture mechanics-type tests under static and cyclic loads. Both alloys show surface pitting and subsequent intergranular corrosion. Pitting is more severe in the magnesium-bearing alloy and is associated with stringer particles strung along the extrusion direction as a result of P/M processing.

In vitro mechanical integrity of hydroxyapatite coated magnesium alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kannan, M Bobby; Orr, Lynnley

2011-01-01

The mechanical integrity of resorbable implants during service, especially in load bearing orthopaedic applications, is critical. The high degradation rate of resorbable magnesium and magnesium-based implants in body fluid may potentially cause premature in-service failure. In this study, a magnesium alloy (AZ91) was potentiostatically coated with hydroxyapatite at different cathodic voltages in an attempt to enhance the mechanical integrity. The mechanical integrity of the uncoated and hydroxyapatite coated alloys was evaluated after in vitro testing of the coated samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). The uncoated alloy showed 40% loss in the mechanical strength after five days exposure to SBF. However, the hydroxyapatite coated alloy exposed to SBF showed 20% improvement in the mechanical strength as compared to that of the uncoated alloy. The alloy coated potentiostatically at -2 V performed better than the -3 V coated alloy. The cross-sectional analysis of the coatings revealed relatively uniform coating thickness for the -2 V coated alloy, whereas the -3 V coated alloy exhibited areas of uneven coating. This can be attributed to the increase in hydrogen evolution on the alloy during -3 V coating as compared to -2 V coating. The scanning electron micrographs of the in vitro tested alloy revealed that hydroxyapatite coating significantly reduced the localized corrosion of the alloy, which is critical for better in-service mechanical integrity. Thus, the study suggests that the in vitro mechanical integrity of resorbable magnesium-based alloy can be improved by potentiostatic hydroxyapatite coating.

In vitro mechanical integrity of hydroxyapatite coated magnesium alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kannan, M Bobby; Orr, Lynnley, E-mail: bobby.mathan@jcu.edu.au [Discipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811 (Australia)

2011-08-15

The mechanical integrity of resorbable implants during service, especially in load bearing orthopaedic applications, is critical. The high degradation rate of resorbable magnesium and magnesium-based implants in body fluid may potentially cause premature in-service failure. In this study, a magnesium alloy (AZ91) was potentiostatically coated with hydroxyapatite at different cathodic voltages in an attempt to enhance the mechanical integrity. The mechanical integrity of the uncoated and hydroxyapatite coated alloys was evaluated after in vitro testing of the coated samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). The uncoated alloy showed 40% loss in the mechanical strength after five days exposure to SBF. However, the hydroxyapatite coated alloy exposed to SBF showed 20% improvement in the mechanical strength as compared to that of the uncoated alloy. The alloy coated potentiostatically at -2 V performed better than the -3 V coated alloy. The cross-sectional analysis of the coatings revealed relatively uniform coating thickness for the -2 V coated alloy, whereas the -3 V coated alloy exhibited areas of uneven coating. This can be attributed to the increase in hydrogen evolution on the alloy during -3 V coating as compared to -2 V coating. The scanning electron micrographs of the in vitro tested alloy revealed that hydroxyapatite coating significantly reduced the localized corrosion of the alloy, which is critical for better in-service mechanical integrity. Thus, the study suggests that the in vitro mechanical integrity of resorbable magnesium-based alloy can be improved by potentiostatic hydroxyapatite coating.

In vitro bioactivity, tribological property, and antibacterial ability of Ca-Si-based coatings doped with cu particles in-situ fabricated by laser cladding

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, Baoping; Yang, Zhao; Yang, Yuling; Zhang, Erlin; Qin, Gaowu

2018-03-01

The present study aimed to in-situ fabricate Ca-Si-based coatings doped with copper particles (Cu-CS coatings) to enhance in vitro bioactivity, tribological property, and antibacterial ability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The effects of copper addition on the multiple properties were evaluated. Our results showed that Ca2SiO4, CaTiO3, and Cu2O were in-situ fabricated after laser processing. The Cu-CS coatings exhibited an excellent wear resistance and enhanced wettability. Regarding the in vitro bioactivity, after soaking in simulated body fluid, Cu-CS coatings developed an apatite surface layer that was reduced in the coatings with higher weight percent Cu addition. The Cu-CS coatings enhanced the inhibitory action against E. coli strains, especially for the coating with a higher concentration of Cu in it. Hence, the synthesized Cu-CS coatings present excellent tribological properties, enhanced bioactivity, and antibacterial property, and, therefore, would be used to modify the surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V implants for bone tissue engineering applications.

Correlation between the oxide impedance and corrosion behavior of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Sang-Yoon; Lee, Myung-Ho; Jeong, Yong-Hwan; Jung, Youn-Ho

2004-12-01

The correlation between the oxide impedance and corrosion behavior of two series of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys was evaluated. Corrosion tests were performed in a 70 ppm LiOH aqueous solution at 360°C for 300 days. The results of the corrosion tests revealed that the corrosion behavior of the alloys depended on the Nb and Sn content. The impedance characteristics for the pre- and post-transition oxide layers formed on the surface of the alloys were investigated in sulfuric acid at room temperature. From the results, a pertinent equivalent circuit model was preferably established, explaining the properties of double oxide layers. The impedance of the oxide layers correlated with the corrosion behavior; better corrosion resistance always showed higher electric resistance for the inner layers. It is thus concluded that a pertinent equivalent circuit model would be useful for evaluating the long-term corrosion behavior of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys.

In vitro mechanical integrity of hydroxyapatite coated magnesium alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

Kannan, M Bobby; Orr, Lynnley

2011-08-01

The mechanical integrity of resorbable implants during service, especially in load bearing orthopaedic applications, is critical. The high degradation rate of resorbable magnesium and magnesium-based implants in body fluid may potentially cause premature in-service failure. In this study, a magnesium alloy (AZ91) was potentiostatically coated with hydroxyapatite at different cathodic voltages in an attempt to enhance the mechanical integrity. The mechanical integrity of the uncoated and hydroxyapatite coated alloys was evaluated after in vitro testing of the coated samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). The uncoated alloy showed 40% loss in the mechanical strength after five days exposure to SBF. However, the hydroxyapatite coated alloy exposed to SBF showed 20% improvement in the mechanical strength as compared to that of the uncoated alloy. The alloy coated potentiostatically at -2 V performed better than the -3 V coated alloy. The cross-sectional analysis of the coatings revealed relatively uniform coating thickness for the -2 V coated alloy, whereas the -3 V coated alloy exhibited areas of uneven coating. This can be attributed to the increase in hydrogen evolution on the alloy during -3 V coating as compared to -2 V coating. The scanning electron micrographs of the in vitro tested alloy revealed that hydroxyapatite coating significantly reduced the localized corrosion of the alloy, which is critical for better in-service mechanical integrity. Thus, the study suggests that the in vitro mechanical integrity of resorbable magnesium-based alloy can be improved by potentiostatic hydroxyapatite coating. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd

Evaluation of lithium alloy anode materials for Li-TiS2 cells

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, C.-K.; Subbarao, S.; Shen, D. H.; Deligiannis, F.; Attia, A.; Halpert, G.

1991-01-01

A study was performed to select candidate lithium alloy anode materials and establish selection criteria. Some of the selected alloy materials were evaluated for their electrochemical properties and performance. This paper describes the criteria for the selection of alloys and the findings of the studies. Li-Si and Li-Cd alloys have been found to be unstable in the EC+2-MeTHF-based electrolyte. The Li-Al alloy system was found to be promising among the alloy systems studied in view of its stability and reversibility. Unfortunately, the large volume changes of LiAl alloys during charge/discharge cycling cause considerable 'exfoliation' of its active mass. This paper also describes ways how to address this problem. The rate of disintegration of this anode would probably be surpressed by the presence of an inert solid solution or a uniform distribution of precipitates within the grains of the active mass. It was discovered that the addition of a small quantity of Mn may improve the mechanical properties of LiAl. In an attempt to reduce the Li-Al alloy vs. Li voltage, it was observed that LiAlPb(0.1)Cd(0.3) material can be cycled at 1.5 mA/sq cm without exfoliation of the active mass.

Facile synthesis of dendritic Cu by electroless reaction of Cu-Al alloys in multiphase solution

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ying; Liang, Shuhua; Yang, Qing; Wang, Xianhui

2016-11-01

Two-dimensional nano- or micro-scale fractal dendritic coppers (FDCs) were synthesized by electroless immersing of Cu-Al alloys in hydrochloric acid solution containing copper chloride without any assistance of template or surfactant. The FDC size increases with the increase of Al content in Cu-Al alloys immersed in CuCl2 + HCl solution. Compared to Cu40Al60 and Cu45Al55 alloys, the FDC shows hierarchical distribution and homogeneous structures using Cu17Al83 alloy as the starting alloy. The growth direction of the FDC is , and all angles between the trunks and branches are 60°. Nanoscale Cu2O was found at the edge of FDC. Interestingly, nanoporous copper (NPC) can also be obtained through Cu17Al83 alloy. Studies showed that the formation of FDC depended on two key factors: the potential difference between CuAl2 intermetallic and α-Al phase of dual-phase Cu-Al alloys; a replacement reaction that usually occurs in multiphase solution. The electrochemical experiment further proved that the multi-branch dendritic structure is very beneficial to the proton transfer in the process of catalyzing methanol.

Microstructure and properties of the low-power-laser clad coatings on magnesium alloy with different amount of rare earth addition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu, Rundong; Li, Zhiyong, E-mail: lizhiyong@nuc.edu.cn; Li, Xiaoxi; Sun, Qi

2015-10-30

Highlights: • The low-power-laser was used to obtain the excellent coatings with different amount of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition. • The addition of rare earth oxide Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} refined and purified the microstructure of the coatings, meanwhile, increased the thickness of the coatings and reduced the dilution of cladding materials from based alloy. • The primary phases in the coatings are Mg{sub 32}Al{sub 47}Cu{sub 7}, MgCu{sub 6}Al{sub 5}, Al{sub 2}CuMg and Al{sub 12}Mg{sub 17}. The A{sub l4}MgY and MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} phase can be found in Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-modified coatings. • The micro-hardness and the abrasion resistance of the coatings with Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} had been improved obviously compared with the coatings without Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. • The corrosion resistance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy had been improved by laser cladding. And the effect of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} on the corrosion potential of the coatings was less than the effect of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} on corrosion current density of the coatings. - Abstract: Due to the low-melting-point and high evaporation rate of magnesium at elevated temperature, high power laser clad coating on magnesium always causes subsidence and deterioration in the surface. Low power laser can reduce the evaporation effect while brings problems such as decreased thickness, incomplete fusion and unsatisfied performance. Therefore, low power laser with selected parameters was used in our research work to obtain Al–Cu coatings with Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition on AZ91D magnesium alloy. The addition of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} obviously increases thickness of the coating and improves the melting efficiency. Furthermore, the effect of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition on the microstructure of laser clad Al–Cu coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to examine the elemental and phase compositions of the coatings. The properties were investigated

Surface Modification of C17200 Copper-Beryllium Alloy by Plasma Nitriding of Cu-Ti Gradient Film

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Y. D.; Yan, M. F.; Zhang, Y. X.; Zhang, C. S.

2018-03-01

In the present work, a copper-titanium film of gradient composition was firstly fabricated by the dual magnetron sputtering through power control and plasma nitriding of the film was then conducted to modify C17200 Cu alloy. The results showed that the prepared gradient Cu-Ti film by magnetron sputtering was amorphous. After plasma nitriding at 650 °C, crystalline Cu-Ti intermetallics appeared in the multi-phase coating, including CuTi2, Cu3Ti, Cu3Ti2 and CuTi. Moreover, even though the plasma nitriding duration of the gradient Cu-Ti film was only 0.5 h, the mechanical properties of the modified Cu surface were obviously improved, with the surface hardness enhanced to be 417 HV0.01, the wear rate to be 0.32 × 10-14 m3/Nm and the friction coefficient to be 0.075 at the load of 10 N, which are all more excellent than the C17200 Cu alloy. In addition, the wear mechanism also changed from adhesion wear for C17200 Cu substrate to abrasive wear for the modified surface.

Influence of Cu content on the cell biocompatibility of Ti–Cu sintered alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Erlin, E-mail: zhangel@atm.neu.edu.cn [Key Lab. for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Education Ministry of China, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China); Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007 (China); Zheng, Lanlan [Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007 (China); Liu, Jie [Key Lab. for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Education Ministry of China, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China); Dept. of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003 (China); Bai, Bing [Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang 110001 (China); Liu, Cong [Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007 (China)

2015-01-01

The cell toxicity and the cell function of Ti–Cu sintered alloys with different Cu contents (2, 5, 10 and 25 wt.%, respectively) have been investigated in comparison with commercial pure titanium in order to assess the influence of Cu content on the cell biocompatibility of the Ti–Cu alloys. The cytotoxicity was studied by examining the MG63 cell response by CCK8 assessment. The cell morphology was evaluated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence and observed under scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The cell function was monitored by measuring the AKP activity. It has been shown by the AO/EB morphology results that the cell death on both cp-Ti sample and Ti–Cu samples is due to apoptosis rather than necrosis. Although more apoptotic cells were found on the Ti–2Cu and Ti–5Cu samples, no evidence of Cu content dependent manner of apoptosis has been found. SEM observation indicated very good cell adhesion and spread on the cp-Ti sample and the Ti–Cu samples with different Cu contents. CCK8 results displayed that increase in the Cu content in Ti–Cu alloys does not bring about any difference in the cell viability. In addition, AKP test results indicated that no difference in the differentiation of MG63 was found between the cp-Ti and the Ti–Cu samples and among the Ti–Cu samples. All results indicated that Ti–Cu alloys exhibit very good cell biocompatibility and the Cu content up to 25 wt.% in the Ti–Cu alloys has no influence on the cell proliferation and differentiation. - Highlights: • The effect of Cu content on the cell biocompatibility has been investigated. • Cu content shows no influence on the cell proliferation. • Cu content shows no effect on the cell differentiation.

Influence of Cu content on the cell biocompatibility of Ti–Cu sintered alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Erlin; Zheng, Lanlan; Liu, Jie; Bai, Bing; Liu, Cong

2015-01-01

The cell toxicity and the cell function of Ti–Cu sintered alloys with different Cu contents (2, 5, 10 and 25 wt.%, respectively) have been investigated in comparison with commercial pure titanium in order to assess the influence of Cu content on the cell biocompatibility of the Ti–Cu alloys. The cytotoxicity was studied by examining the MG63 cell response by CCK8 assessment. The cell morphology was evaluated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence and observed under scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The cell function was monitored by measuring the AKP activity. It has been shown by the AO/EB morphology results that the cell death on both cp-Ti sample and Ti–Cu samples is due to apoptosis rather than necrosis. Although more apoptotic cells were found on the Ti–2Cu and Ti–5Cu samples, no evidence of Cu content dependent manner of apoptosis has been found. SEM observation indicated very good cell adhesion and spread on the cp-Ti sample and the Ti–Cu samples with different Cu contents. CCK8 results displayed that increase in the Cu content in Ti–Cu alloys does not bring about any difference in the cell viability. In addition, AKP test results indicated that no difference in the differentiation of MG63 was found between the cp-Ti and the Ti–Cu samples and among the Ti–Cu samples. All results indicated that Ti–Cu alloys exhibit very good cell biocompatibility and the Cu content up to 25 wt.% in the Ti–Cu alloys has no influence on the cell proliferation and differentiation. - Highlights: • The effect of Cu content on the cell biocompatibility has been investigated. • Cu content shows no influence on the cell proliferation. • Cu content shows no effect on the cell differentiation

Enhancement of the lithium cycling capability using Li–Zn alloy substrate for lithium metal batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Chen; Yang, Yifu; Shao, Huixia

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Li-Zn alloy substrate is novelly formed by Li electrodeposition on the Zn substrate precursor. • The coulombic efficiency of Li deposition/stripping on the Li-Zn alloy substrate remains high at 96.7% after 400 cycles. • The SEI film formed during the formation of Li-Zn alloy is stable during Li deposition/stripping cycling on the Li-Zn substrate. • The exchange current density of Li deposition on the Li-Zn substrate is 9.21 × 10 −4 A cm −2 which is nearly eight times larger than that on the Cu substrate. - Abstract: The cycling performance of a Li metal electrode in rechargeable Li batteries is studied using a novelly formed Li–Zn alloy as a substrate. A Zn layer electrodeposited on a Cu disk with ultrasonic assistance is used as a substrate precursor. Li electrodeposition followed to form the Li–Zn alloy. The morphologies of the substrate before and after Li deposition and stripping are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical properties of the substrate are investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The growth states of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films of Li deposits on the Li–Zn alloy and Cu surfaces are compared by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); exchange current densities of Li electrodeposition on Cu, Zn, and Li–Zn alloy substrates are also compared based on tests of constant current pulse deposition. The efficiency of Li deposition/stripping on the Li–Zn alloy substrate remains high at 96.7% after 400 cycles at a current density of 0.1 mA cm −2 and 250 cycles at the current density of 0.2 mA cm −2 . These results can be attributed to the formation of a stable SEI film on the Li–Zn substrate and the high exchange current density of Li deposition and stripping on this substrate. The Li–Zn alloy proposed in this work may be a perfect substrate for enhancing the cycling capability of Li metal electrode

Converting hcp Mg-Al-Zn alloy into bcc Mg-Li-Al-Zn alloy by electrolytic deposition and diffusion of reduced lithium atoms in a molten salt electrolyte LiCl-KCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, M.C.; Tsai, C.Y.; Uan, J.Y.

2007-01-01

A body-centered cubic (bcc) Mg-12Li-9Al-1Zn (wt.%) alloy was fabricated in air by electrolysis from LiCl-KCl molten salt at 500 deg. C. Electrolytic deposition of Li atoms on cathode (Mg-Al-Zn alloy) and diffusion of the Li atoms formed the bcc Mg-Li-Al-Zn alloy with 12 wt.% Li and only 0.264 wt.% K. Low K concentration in the bcc Mg alloy strip after the electrolysis process resulted from 47% atomic size misfit between K and Mg atoms and low solubility of K in Mg matrix

Development and characterization of Al-Li alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gupta, R.K.; Nayan, Niraj; Nagasireesha, G.; Sharma, S.C.

2006-01-01

Increased strength to weight ratio of aluminium-lithium alloys has attracted material scientists to develop these for aerospace applications. But commercial scale production of these alloys has always been slow in view of difficulties encountered during addition of lithium and in ensuring homogeneous billet composition. A new technique of Li addition has been adapted, which gives maximum recovery of Li in the billet. Using this technique, aluminium-lithium alloys of two different grades for aerospace application were cast. Billets were hot forged and rolled to the thickness range of 3-4 mm and heat-treated for different temper conditions. Mechanical properties were evaluated in T6 (solution treated and artificial aged), T8 (solution treated, cold worked and artificial aged) and T4 (solution treated and natural aged) temper conditions. Both alloys exhibit a strong natural aging response. Reversion for short periods at 180 deg. C results in decrease of strength. With artificial reaging strength reaches above the T4 temper condition level. Characterization was carried out using optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental investigation shows that addition of lithium at high melt temperature gives lower recovery of Li, and use of impure aluminium adversely affects the mechanical properties of the alloy in all temper conditions

Thermal Exposure Effects on Properties of Al-Li Alloy Plate Products

Science.gov (United States)

Shah, Sandeep; Wells, Douglas; Wagner, John; Babel, Henry

2003-01-01

The objective of this viewgraph representation is to evaluate the effects of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties of both production mature and developmental Al-Li alloys. The researchers find for these alloys, the data clearly shows that there is no deficit in mechanical properties at lower exposure temperatures in some cases, and a signficant deficit in mechanical properties at higher exposure temperatures in all cases. Topics considered include: Al-Li alloys composition, key characteristics of Al-Li alloys and thermal exposure matrix.

Microstructure evolution and texture development in thermomechanically processed Mg-Li-Al based alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Vinod [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, IIT Kanpur (India); Govind [Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, Trivandrum (India); Shekhar, Rajiv; Balasubramaniam, R. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, IIT Kanpur (India); Balani, Kantesh, E-mail: kbalani@iitk.ac.in [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, IIT Kanpur (India)

2012-06-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Thermomechanical processing of novel LAT 971 and LATZ 9531 Mg-Al-Li based alloys. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructural deviation from the equilibrium phase diagram. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Disparity in texture of these alloys after hot-rolling (recrystallization and grain growth). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Role of alloying and phase distribution in affecting the texture/interplaner spacing. - Abstract: In the present study, the influence of alloying and thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and texture evolution on the two Mg-Li-Al based alloys, namely Mg-9 wt% Li-7 wt% Al-1 wt% Sn (LAT971) and Mg-9 wt% Li-5 wt% Al-3 wt% Sn-1 wt% Zn (LATZ9531) has been elicited. Novel Mg-Li-Al based alloys were cast (induction melting under protective atmosphere) followed by hot rolling at {approx}573 K with a cumulative reduction of five. A contrary dual phase dendritic microstructure rich in {alpha}-Mg, instead of {beta}-Li phase predicted by equilibrium phase diagram of Mg-Li binary alloy was observed. Preferential presence of Mg-Li-Sn primary precipitates (size 4-10 {mu}m) within {alpha}-Mg phase and Mg-Li-Al secondary precipitates (<3 {mu}m) interspersed in {beta}-Li indicated their degree of dissolution during hot-rolling and homogenization in the dual phase matrix. Presence of Al, Sn and Zn alloying elements in the Mg-Li based alloy has resulted an unusual dual-phase microstructure, change in the lattice parameter, and intriguing texture evolution after hot-rolling of cast LAT 971 and LATZ9531 alloy. Strong texture was absent in the as-cast samples whereas texture development after hot-rolling revealed an increased activity of the non-basal (101{sup Macron }0) slip planes. The quantification of the grain average misorientation (less than 2 Degree-Sign ) using electron backscattered diffraction confirmed the presence of strain free grains in majority of the grains (fraction >0.75) after hot-rolling of Mg-Li

Stability enhancement of Cu2S against Cu vacancy formation by Ag alloying

Science.gov (United States)

Barman, Sajib K.; Huda, Muhammad N.

2018-04-01

As a potential solar absorber material, Cu2S has proved its importance in the field of renewable energy. However, almost all the known minerals of Cu2S suffer from spontaneous Cu vacancy formation in the structure. The Cu vacancy formation causes the structure to possess very high p-type doping that leads the material to behave as a degenerate semiconductor. This vacancy formation tendency is a major obstacle for this material in this regard. A relatively new predicted phase of Cu2S which has an acanthite-like structure was found to be preferable than the well-known low chalcocite Cu2S. However, the Cu-vacancy formation tendency in this phase remained similar. We have found that alloying silver with this structure can help to reduce Cu vacancy formation tendency without altering its electronic property. The band gap of silver alloyed structure is higher than pristine acanthite Cu2S. In addition, Cu diffusion in the structure can be reduced with Ag doped in Cu sites. In this study, a systematic approach is presented within the density functional theory framework to study Cu vacancy formation tendency and diffusion in silver alloyed acanthite Cu2S, and proposed a possible route to stabilize Cu2S against Cu vacancy formations by alloying it with Ag.

Investigation of new type Cu-Hf-Al bulk glassy alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagy, E; Ronto, V; Solyom, J; Roosz, A

2009-01-01

In the last years new type Cu-Hf-Al ternary alloys were developed with high glass forming ability and ductility. The addition of Al to Cu-Hf alloys results in improvements in glass formation, thermal stability and mechanical properties of these alloys. We have investigated new Cu-based bulk amorphous alloys in Cu-Hf-Al ternary system. The alloys with Cu 49 Hf 42 Al 9 , Cu 46 Hf 45 Al 9 , Cu 50 Hf 42.5 Al 7.5 and Cu 50 Hf 45 Al 5 compositions were prepared by arc melting. The samples were made by centrifugal casting and were investigated by X-ray diffraction method. Thermodynamic properties were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and the structure of the crystallising phases by scanning electron microscopy. The determination of liquidus temperatures of alloys were measured by differential thermal analysis.

Fragility and structure of Al-Cu alloy melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lv Xiaoqian; Bian Xiufang; Mao Tan; Li Zhenkuan; Guo Jing; Zhao Yan

2007-01-01

The dynamic viscosity measurements are performed for Al-Cu alloy melts with different compositions using an oscillating-cup viscometer. The results show that the viscosities of Al-Cu alloy melts increase with the copper content increasing, and also have a correlation with the correlation radius of clusters, which is measured by the high-temperature X-ray diffractometer. It has also been found that the fragilities of superheated melts (M) of hypereutectic Al-Cu alloys increase with the copper content increasing. There exists a relationship between the fragility and the structure in Al-Cu alloy melts. The value of the M reflects the variation of activation energy for viscous flow

Calcium phosphate coatings modified with zinc- or copper- incorporation on Ti-40Nb alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Komarova, E. G.; Sedelnikova, M. B.; Sharkeev, Yu P.; Kazakbaeva, A. A.; Glukhov, I. A.; Khimich, M. A.

2017-05-01

The influence of the microarc oxidation parameters and electrolyte composition on the structure, properties and composition of CaP coatings modified with Zn- or Cu- incorporation on the Ti-40mas.%Nb (Ti-40Nb) alloy was investigated. The linear growth of thickness, roughness, and size of structural elements with process voltage increasing has been revealed. It was shown that the CaP coatings have the low contact angles with liquids and, consequently, high free surface energy. This indicates a high hydrophilicity of the coatings. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the coatings have X-ray amorphous structure. The increase of the process voltage leads to the formation of such crystalline phases as CaHPO4 and β-Ca2P2O7 in the coatings. The maximum Ca/P atomic ratio was equal to 0.4, and Zn or Cu contents was equal to 0.3 or 0.2 at.%, respectively.

Study of properties of Cu-Y and Cu-Y-Al system alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shparo, N.B.; Nikolaev, A.K.; Rozenberg, V.M.

1978-01-01

Investigated were the strength properties of alloys Cu(0-1.2)% Y and Cu-(10-0.5)% Al-(0-0.5)% Y after being treated under various heat conditions and tested at temperatures of 20, 400 and 600 deg C. Yttrium additions raise the temperature of recrystallization of copper and of copper-aluminium alloys. Small additions of yttrium (0.05%) increase considerably strength of Cu-Al alloys without increasing their electric resistance. Optimum properties are attained after hardening, deformation and ageing at 400 deg C

Microstructure and tribological properties of Ti–Cu intermetallic compound coating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, Chun; Zhou, Jiansong; Yu, Youjun; Wang, Lingqian; Zhou, Huidi; Chen, Jianmin

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Ti–Cu coating has been synthesized on pure Ti substrate by laser cladding. ► Microstructure and tribological properties of Ti–Cu coating were analyzed. ► The prepared Ti–Cu intermetallic compound coating has excellent wear resistance. -- Abstract: Ti–Cu intermetallic compound coating has been in situ synthesized successfully on pure Ti substrate by laser cladding using copper powder as the precursor. It has been found that the prepared coating mainly contains of TiCu, TiCu 3 , Ti 3 Cu, and Ti phases. The transmission electron microscopy results conform further the existence of Ti–Cu intermetallic compound in the fabricated coating. Tribological properties of the prepared Ti–Cu intermetallic compound coating were systematically evaluated. It was found that normal loads and sliding speeds have a strong influence on the friction coefficient and wear rate of Ti–Cu intermetallic compound coating. Namely, the friction coefficient of the Ti–Cu intermetallic compound coating decreased with increasing normal load and sliding speed. The wear rate of the Ti–Cu intermetallic compound coating decreased rapidly with increasing sliding speed, while the wear rate increased as the normal load increased.

Creep properties and precipitate evolution in Al-Li alloys microalloyed with Sc and Yb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krug, Matthew E. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Seidman, David N. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Northwestern Center for Atom Probe Tomography, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Dunand, David C., E-mail: dunand@northwestern.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States)

2012-07-30

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We examine the creep behavior of Al-alloys with Li and rare earth element additions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer These alloys exhibit threshold stresses below which no measurable creep occurs. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Larger precipitate size and lattice parameter mismatch increase creep resistance. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A simple parameter describes the threshold stress behavior in ternary Al-Sc-X alloys. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The findings are explained by a recent model of dislocation-precipitate interactions. - Abstract: A dilute Al-Sc alloy (Al-0.12 Sc, at.%, Al-Sc), its counterpart with a Li addition (Al-2.9 Li-0.11 Sc, at.%, Al-Li-Sc), as well as a quaternary alloy (Al-5.53 Li-0.048 Sc-0.009 Yb, at.%, Al-Li-Sc-Yb) were isothermally aged at 325 Degree-Sign C, and in some cases isochronally aged to 450 Degree-Sign C. As the {alpha} Prime -Al{sub 3}(Li,Sc) and Al{sub 3}(Li,Sc,Yb) precipitates, with L1{sub 2} structure, coarsen in the two Li-containing alloys, their Li and Yb concentrations decrease and their Sc concentration increases. A significant interfacial excess of Li also segregates at the {alpha}-Al matrix/{alpha} Prime -Al{sub 3}Sc(Li,Sc,Yb) precipitate interface: 5.99 {+-} 0.05 atoms nm{sup -2} in Al-Li-Sc and 13.2 {+-} 0.4 atoms nm{sup -2} in Al-Li-Sc-Yb after aging isochronally to 450 Degree-Sign C. During compression creep at 300 Degree-Sign C, the aged alloys exhibit threshold stresses between 8 and 22 MPa. A recent threshold stress model based on elastic interactions between dislocations and precipitates predicts correctly that Li additions in the Al-Li-Sc alloy reduce the threshold stress, while Yb in the Al-Li-Sc-Yb alloy increases it. The model is also in agreement with the threshold stresses of all Al-Sc-X alloys published to date.

Aging properties studies in a Cu-Ag-Cr Alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jia, S.G.; Zheng, M.S.; Liu, P.; Ren, F.Z.; Tian, B.H.; Zhou, G.S.; Lou, H.F.

2006-01-01

A Cu-Ag-Cr alloy was produced by means of vacuum induction melting. The effects of aging processes on microhardness and conductivity of Cu-Ag-Cr alloy were studied. The microstructure of the alloy was examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Aging at 450 deg. C for 4 h, the alloy has an excellent combination of microhardness and conductivity, the microhardness and conductivity reach 132 HV and 80% IACS, respectively. The precipitates responsible for the age-hardening effect are fcc Cr. The fine and dispersed precipitates are fully coherent with the Cu matrix and make the Cu-Ag-Cr alloy possesses higher hardness and conductivity

Overlay metallic-cermet alloy coating systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gedwill, M.A.; Glasgow, T.K.; Levine, S.R.

1982-01-01

A substrate, such as a turbine blade, vane, or the like, which is subjected to high temperature use is coated with a base coating of an oxide dispersed, metallic alloy (cermet). A top coating of an oxidation, hot corrosion, erosion resistant alloy of nickel, cobalt, or iron is then deposited on the base coating. A heat treatment is used to improve the bonding. The base coating serves as an inhibitor to interdiffusion between the protective top coating and the substrate. Otherwise, the protective top coating would rapidly interact detrimentally with the substrate and degrade by spalling of the protective oxides formed on the outer surface at elevated temperatures

Overlay metallic-cermet alloy coating systems

Science.gov (United States)

Gedwill, M. A.; Levine, S. R.; Glasgow, T. K. (Inventor)

1984-01-01

A substrate, such as a turbine blade, vane, or the like, which is subjected to high temperature use is coated with a base coating of an oxide dispersed, metallic alloy (cermet). A top coating of an oxidation, hot corrosion, erosion resistant alloy of nickel, cobalt, or iron is then deposited on the base coating. A heat treatment is used to improve the bonding. The base coating serves as an inhibitor to interdiffusion between the protective top coating and the substrate. Otherwise, the protective top coating would rapidly interact detrimentally with the substrate and degrade by spalling of the protective oxides formed on the outer surface at elevated temperatures.

Coercivity Recovery Effect of Sm-Fe-Cu-Al Alloy on Sm2Fe17N3 Magnet

Science.gov (United States)

Otogawa, Kohei; Asahi, Toru; Jinno, Miho; Yamaguchi, Wataru; Takagi, Kenta; Kwon, Hansang

2018-03-01

The potential of a Sm-Fe-Cu-Al binder for improvement of the magnetic properties of Sm2Fe17N3 was examined. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of a Sm-Fe-Cu-Al alloy-bonded Sm2Fe17N3 magnet which showed high coercivity revealed that the Sm-Fe-Cu-Al alloy had an effect of removing the surface oxide layer of the Sm2 Fe17N3 grains. However, the Sm-Fe-Cu-Al binder was contaminated by carbon and nitrogen, which originated from the organic solvent used as the milling medium during pulverization. To prevent carbon and nitrogen contamination, the Sm-Fe- Cu-Al alloy was added directly on the surface of the Sm2Fe17N3 grains by sputtering. Comparing the recovered coercivity per unit amount of the added binder the uncontaminated binder-coated sample had a higher coercivity recovery effect than the milled binder-added sample. These results suggested that sufficient addition of the contamination-free Sm-Fe-Cu-Al binder has the possibility to reduce the amount of binder necessary to produce a high coercive Sm2Fe17N3 magnet.

Nucleation and Growth of Cu-Al Intermetallics in Al-Modified Sn-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu Lead-Free Solder Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Reeve, Kathlene N.; Anderson, Iver E.; Handwerker, Carol A.

2015-03-01

Lead-free solder alloys Sn-Cu (SC) and Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) are widely used by the microelectronics industry, but enhanced control of the microstructure is needed to improve solder performance. For such control, nucleation and stability of Cu-Al intermetallic compound (IMC) solidification catalysts were investigated by variation of the Cu (0.7-3.0 wt.%) and Al (0.0-0.4 wt.%) content of SC + Al and SAC + Al alloys, and of SAC + Al ball-grid array (BGA) solder joints. All of the Al-modified alloys produced Cu-Al IMC particles with different morphologies and phases (occasionally non-equilibrium phases). A trend of increasing Cu-Al IMC volume fraction with increasing Al content was established. Because of solidification of non-equilibrium phases in wire alloy structures, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments revealed delayed, non-equilibrium melting at high temperatures related to quenched-in Cu-Al phases; a final liquidus of 960-1200°C was recorded. During cooling from 1200°C, the DSC samples had the solidification behavior expected from thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Solidification of the ternary alloys commenced with formation of ternary β and Cu-Al δ phases at 450-550°C; this was followed by β-Sn, and, finally, Cu6Sn5 and Cu-Al γ1. Because of the presence of the retained, high-temperature phases in the alloys, particle size and volume fraction of the room temperature Cu-Al IMC phases were observed to increase when the alloy casting temperature was reduced from 1200°C to 800°C, even though both temperatures are above the calculated liquidus temperature of the alloys. Preliminary electron backscatter diffraction results seemed to show Sn grain refinement in the SAC + Al BGA alloy.

Moessbauer spectroscopy of Fe-Mn-Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paduani, Clederson; Krause, Joao Carlos; Yoschida, M.I. Soares

2004-01-01

Full text: Although a continuous series of solid solutions exists between Cu and Mn, Fe and Cu are miscible only a few percent at higher temperatures. In moderately concentrated Cu-Mn alloys the Mn moments are bound to the long ranged antiferromagnetic order and the perpendicular components form an X-Y spin glass. Copper alloys are largely employed in various industrial applications. In this work we study the magnetic properties of iron-rich disordered Fe-Mn-Cu alloys with the bcc structure with the experimental techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Moessbauer spectroscopy (MS) and thermogravimetry (TGA). We investigate the formation of a solid solution with the bcc structure as well as the effect of the composition on the structural and magnetic properties of these alloys. A Rietveld analysis of the XRD diffractograms indicate that all prepared samples are single phase and are well crystallized with a bcc structure. (author)

Measurement of thermoelectric power of Fe-Cu binary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joubouji, Katsuo

2007-01-01

In INSS, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of irradiation embrittlement of low alloy steel using thermoelectric power (TEP) measurement has been considered, as well as NDE of thermal aging of cast duplex stainless steel which has been studied in recent years. Material degradation is evaluated based on a relation between progress of the degradation and change in TEP due to change in material structure caused by the degradation event. So it is necessary for NDE of irradiation embrittlement to measure the change in TEP due to precipitation of Cu contained as an impurity, which is known as one of the reasons for the embrittlement. In this study, TEP of Fe-Cu binary alloys with different Cu content was measured for investigation of the relationship between TEP of the alloys and Cu content. In addition, appropriateness of measuring TEP of Fe-Cu binary alloy in the same way to measure TEP of duplex stainless steel was examined. It was found that increment of Cu contained in the alloys changed TEP in a negative direction and the rate was evaluated as -6.6μV/K/wt%Cu. There were the cases that it took 20 minutes for measurement values to become stable in measurement of Fe-Cu binary alloys. It was much longer than the time taken in measurement of duplex stainless steel. So the measurement time per a point was extended to 60 minutes in case of Fe-Cu binary alloys. (author)

The relative stress-corrosion-cracking susceptibility of candidate aluminum-lithium alloys for aerospace applications

Science.gov (United States)

Pizzo, P. P.

1982-01-01

Stress corrosion tests of Al-Li-Cu powder metallurgy alloys are described. Alloys investigated were Al-2.6% Li-1.4% and Al-2.6% Li-1.4% Cu-1.6% Mg. The base properties of the alloys were characterized. Process, heat treatment, and size/orientational effects on the tensile and fracture behavior were investigated. Metallurgical and electrochemical conditions are identified which provide reproducible and controlled parameters for stress corrosion evaluation. Preliminary stress corrosion test results are reported. Both Al-Li-Cu alloys appear more susceptible to stress corrosion crack initiation than 7075-T6 aluminum, with the magnesium bearing alloy being the most susceptible. Tests to determine the threshold stress intensity for the base and magnesium bearing alloys are underway. Twelve each, bolt loaded DCB type specimens are under test (120 days) and limited crack growth in these precracked specimens has been observed. General corrosion in the aqueous sodium chloride environment is thought to be obscuring results through crack tip blunting.

On the melt infiltration of copper coated silicon carbide with an aluminium alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Asthana, R.; Rohatgi, P. K.

1992-01-01

Pressure-assisted infiltration of porous compacts of Cu coated and uncoated single crystals of platelet shaped alpha (hexagonal) SiC was used to study infiltration dynamics and particulate wettability with a 2014 Al alloy. The infiltration lengths were measured for a range of experimental variables which included infiltration pressure, infiltration time, and SiC size. A threshold pressure (P(th)) for flow initiation through compacts was identified from an analysis of infiltration data; P(th) decreased while penetration lengths increased with increasing SiC size (more fundamentally, due to changes in interparticle pore size) and with increasing infiltration times. Cu coated SiC led to lower P(th) and 60-80 percent larger penetration lengths compared to uncoated SiC under identical processing conditions.

Recovery of Li from alloys of Al- Li and Li- Al using engineered scavenger compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Riley, W. D.; Jong, B. W.; Collins, W. K.; Gerdemann, S. J.

1994-01-01

A method of producing lithium of high purity from lithium aluminum alloys using an engineered scavenger compound, comprising: I) preparing an engineered scavenger compound by: a) mixing and heating compounds of TiO2 and Li2CO3 at a temperature sufficient to dry the compounds and convert Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3 to Li.sub.2 O; and b) mixing and heating the compounds at a temperature sufficient to produce a scavenger Li.sub.2 O.3TiO.sub.2 compound; II) loading the scavenger into one of two electrode baskets in a three electrode cell reactor and placing an Al-Li alloy in a second electrode basket of the three electrode cell reactor; III) heating the cell to a temperature sufficient to enable a mixture of KCl-LiCl contained in a crucible in the cell to reach its melting point and become a molten bath; IV) immersing the baskets in the bath until an electrical connection is made between the baskets to charge the scavenger compound with Li until there is an initial current and voltage followed by a fall off ending current and voltage; and V) making a connection between the basket electrode containing engineered scavenger compound and a steel rod electrode disposed between the basket electrodes and applying a current to cause Li to leave the scavenger compound and become electrodeposited on the steel rod electrode.

Corrosion resistance of Cu-Al coatings produced by thermal spray

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Marcela Dimaté Castellanos

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Many components in the shipbuilding industry are made of copper-based alloys. These pieces tend to break due to corrosion generated by a marine environment; such components can be salvaged through surface engineering, through deposition of suitable coatings. This paper studied the influence of three surface preparation methods involving phosphor bronze substrates concerning the corrosion resistance of commercial coatings having Al-Cu +11% Fe chemical composition. The surface was prepared using three methods: sand blasting, shot blasting and metal polishing with an abrasive disk (with and without a base layer. The deposited coatings were micro-structurally characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical test electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS. Surfaces prepared by sandblasting showed the best resistance to corrosion, so these systems could be a viable alternative for salvaging certain parts in the marine industry. The corrosion mechanisms for the coatings produced are discussed in this research.

Optimisation and characterisation of tungsten thick coatings on copper based alloy substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Riccardi, B.; Montanari, R.; Casadei, M.; Costanza, G.; Filacchioni, G.; Moriani, A.

2006-06-01

Tungsten is a promising armour material for plasma facing components of nuclear fusion reactors because of its low sputter rate and favourable thermo-mechanical properties. Among all the techniques able to realise W armours, plasma spray looks particularly attractive owing to its simplicity and low cost. The present work concerns the optimisation of spraying parameters aimed at 4-5 mm thick W coating on copper-chromium-zirconium (Cu,Cr,Zr) alloy substrates. Characterisation of coatings was performed in order to assess microstructure, impurity content, density, tensile strength, adhesion strength, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient. The work performed has demonstrated the feasibility of thick W coatings on flat and curved geometries. These coatings appear as a reliable armour for medium heat flux plasma facing component.

Optimisation and characterisation of tungsten thick coatings on copper based alloy substrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riccardi, B.; Montanari, R.; Casadei, M.; Costanza, G.; Filacchioni, G.; Moriani, A.

2006-01-01

Tungsten is a promising armour material for plasma facing components of nuclear fusion reactors because of its low sputter rate and favourable thermo-mechanical properties. Among all the techniques able to realise W armours, plasma spray looks particularly attractive owing to its simplicity and low cost. The present work concerns the optimisation of spraying parameters aimed at 4-5 mm thick W coating on copper-chromium-zirconium (Cu,Cr,Zr) alloy substrates. Characterisation of coatings was performed in order to assess microstructure, impurity content, density, tensile strength, adhesion strength, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient. The work performed has demonstrated the feasibility of thick W coatings on flat and curved geometries. These coatings appear as a reliable armour for medium heat flux plasma facing component

Optimisation and characterisation of tungsten thick coatings on copper based alloy substrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riccardi, B. [Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, CR Frascati, P.B. 65 00044 Frascati, Roma (Italy)]. E-mail: riccardi@frascati.enea.it; Montanari, R. [Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Universita di Roma, Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma (Italy); Casadei, M. [Centro Sviluppo Materiali, 00100 Roma (Italy); Costanza, G. [Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Universita di Roma, Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma (Italy); Filacchioni, G. [ENEA CR Casaccia, I-00060 S. M. di Galeria, Roma (Italy); Moriani, A. [Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, CR Frascati, P.B. 65 00044 Frascati, Roma (Italy)

2006-06-30

Tungsten is a promising armour material for plasma facing components of nuclear fusion reactors because of its low sputter rate and favourable thermo-mechanical properties. Among all the techniques able to realise W armours, plasma spray looks particularly attractive owing to its simplicity and low cost. The present work concerns the optimisation of spraying parameters aimed at 4-5 mm thick W coating on copper-chromium-zirconium (Cu,Cr,Zr) alloy substrates. Characterisation of coatings was performed in order to assess microstructure, impurity content, density, tensile strength, adhesion strength, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient. The work performed has demonstrated the feasibility of thick W coatings on flat and curved geometries. These coatings appear as a reliable armour for medium heat flux plasma facing component.

About the contrast of δ' precipitates in bulk Al-Cu-Li alloys in reflection mode with a field-emission scanning electron microscope at low accelerating voltage.

Science.gov (United States)

Brodusch, Nicolas; Voisard, Frédéric; Gauvin, Raynald

2017-11-01

Characterising the impact of lithium additions in the precipitation sequence in Al-Li-Cu alloys is important to control the strengthening of the final material. Since now, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at high beam voltage has been the technique of choice to monitor the size and spatial distribution of δ' precipitates (Al 3 Li). Here we report on the imaging of the δ' phase in such alloys using backscattered electrons (BSE) and low accelerating voltage in a high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope. By applying low-energy Ar + ion milling to the surface after mechanical polishing (MP), the MP-induced corroded layers were efficiently removed and permitted the δ's to be visible with a limited impact on the observed microstructure. The resulting BSE contrast between the δ's and the Al matrix was compared with that obtained using Monte Carlo modelling. The artefacts possibly resulting from the sample preparation procedure were reviewed and discussed and permitted to confirm that these precipitates were effectively the metastable δ's. The method described in this report necessitates less intensive sample preparation than that required for TEM and provides a much larger field of view and an easily interpretable contrast compared to the transmission techniques. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2017 Royal Microscopical Society.

Synergistic alloying effect on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Cu precipitation-strengthened ferritic alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wen, Y.R.; Li, Y.P.; Hirata, A.; Zhang, Y.; Fujita, T.; Furuhara, T.; Liu, C.T.; Chiba, A.; Chen, M.W.

2013-01-01

We report the influence of alloying elements (Ni, Al and Mn) on the microstructural evolution of Cu-rich nanoprecipitates and the mechanical properties of Fe–Cu-based ferritic alloys. It was found that individual additions of Ni and Al do not give rise to an obvious strengthening effect, compared with the binary Fe–Cu parent alloy, although Ni segregates at the precipitate/matrix interface and Al partitions into Cu-rich precipitates. In contrast, the co-addition of Ni and Al results in the formation of core–shell nanoprecipitates with a Cu-rich core and a B2 Ni–Al shell, leading to a dramatic improvement in strength. The coarsening rate of the core–shell precipitates is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of monolithic Cu-rich precipitates in the binary and ternary Fe–Cu alloys. Reinforcement of the B2 Ni–Al shells by Mn partitioning further improves the strength of the precipitation-strengthened alloys by forming ultrastable and high number density core–shell nanoprecipitates

Li2SnO3 derived secondary Li-Sn alloy electrode for lithium-ion batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, D.W.; Zhang, S.Q.; Jin, Y.; Yi, T.H.; Xie, S.; Chen, C.H.

2006-01-01

As a possible high-capacity Li-ion battery anode material, Li 2 SnO 3 was prepared via a solid-state reaction route and a sol-gel route, separately. Its electrochemical performance was tested in coin-type cells with metallic Li as the counter electrode. The results show that the sol-gel derived Li 2 SnO 3 has uniform nano-sized particles (200-300 nm) and can deliver a better reversible capacity (380 mAh/g after 50 cycles in the voltage window of 0-1 V) than that from the solid-state reaction route. The characterizations by means of galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry and ex situ X-ray diffraction indicate that the electrochemical process of the Li 2 SnO 3 lithiation proceeds with an initial structural reduction of the composite oxide into Sn-metal and Li 2 O followed by a reversible Li-Sn alloy formation in the Li 2 O matrix. Due to the buffer role of the Li 2 O matrix, the reversibility of the secondary Li-Sn alloy electrode is largely secured

Coating compositions comprising bismuth-alloyed zinc

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2008-01-01

The present application discloses (i) a coating composition comprising a particulate zinc-based alloyed material, said material comprising 0.05-0.7% by weight of bismuth (Bi), the D50 of the particulate material being in the range of 2.5-30 µm; (ii) a coated structure comprising a metal structure...... having a first coating of the zinc-containing coating composition applied onto at least a part of the metal structure in a dry film thickness of 5-100 µm; and an outer coating applied onto said zinc-containing coating in a dry film thickness of 30-200 µm; (iii) a particulate zinc-based alloyed material......, wherein the material comprises 0.05-0.7%(w/w) of bismuth (Bi), and wherein the D50 of the particulate material is in the range of 2.5-30 µm; (iv) a composite powder consisting of at least 25%(w/w) of the particulate zinc-based alloyed material, the rest being a particulate material consisting of zinc...

Fabrication and mechanical behavior of bulk nanoporous Cu via chemical de-alloying of Cu–Al alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Fei, E-mail: chenfei027@gmail.com [State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070 (China); Chen, Xi; Zou, Lijie; Yao, Yao; Lin, Yaojun; Shen, Qiang [State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070 (China); Lavernia, Enrique J. [Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 (United States); Zhang, Lianmeng, E-mail: lmzhang@whut.edu.cn [State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070 (China)

2016-04-13

We report on a study of the influence of microstructure on the mechanical behavior of bulk nanoporous Cu fabricated by chemical de-alloying of Cu{sub 50}Al{sub 50}, Cu{sub 40}Al{sub 60}, Cu{sub 33}Al{sub 67} and Cu{sub 30}Al{sub 70} (at%) alloys. The precursor Cu–Al alloys were fabricated using arc melting and bulk nanoporous Cu was obtained by subsequent de-alloying of Cu–Al alloys in 20 wt% NaOH aqueous solution at a temperature of 65 °C. We studied the microstructure of the precursor Cu–Al alloys, as well as that of the as de-alloyed bulk nanoporous Cu, using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Moreover, the compressive strength of bulk nanoporous Cu was measured and the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. Our results show that the microstructure of bulk nanoporous Cu is characterized by bi-continuous interpenetrating ligament-channels with a ligament size of 130±20 nm (for Cu{sub 50}Al{sub 50}), 170±20 nm (for Cu{sub 40}Al{sub 60}) and 160±10 nm (for Cu{sub 33}Al{sub 67}). Interestingly the microstructure of de-alloyed Cu{sub 30}Al{sub 70} is bimodal with nanopores (100's nm) and interspersed featureless regions a few microns in size. The compressive strength increased with decreasing volume fraction of porosity; as porosity increased 56.3±2% to 73.9±2%, the compressive strength decreased from 17.18±1 MPa to 2.71±0.5 MPa.

The Paramagnetism of Small Amounts of Mn Dissolved in Cu-Al and Cu-Ge Alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Myers, H P; Westin, R

1963-06-15

Previous measurements of the valency of Mn in Cu-Zn alloys have been confirmed by measurements with the isoelectronic Cu-Al and Cu-Ge alloys as matrices for Mn. The valency, having the value i in pure copper, decreases slightly with increasing electron to atom ratio attaining the values 0. 9 and 0. 8 at the limiting composition in the Al and Ge alloys respectively. The apparent size of Mn in these alloys is discussed.

The Paramagnetism of Small Amounts of Mn Dissolved in Cu-Al and Cu-Ge Alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Myers, H.P.; Westin, R.

1963-06-01

Previous measurements of the valency of Mn in Cu-Zn alloys have been confirmed by measurements with the isoelectronic Cu-Al and Cu-Ge alloys as matrices for Mn. The valency, having the value i in pure copper, decreases slightly with increasing electron to atom ratio attaining the values 0. 9 and 0. 8 at the limiting composition in the Al and Ge alloys respectively. The apparent size of Mn in these alloys is discussed

Effect of Mg and Cu on mechanical properties of high-strength welded joints of aluminum alloys obtained by laser welding

Science.gov (United States)

Annin, B. D.; Fomin, V. M.; Karpov, E. V.; Malikov, A. G.; Orishich, A. M.

2017-09-01

Results of experimental investigations of welded joints of high-strength aluminum-lithium alloys of the Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mg-Li systems are reported. The welded joints are obtained by means of laser welding and are subjected to various types of processing for obtaining high-strength welded joints. A microstructural analysis is performed. The phase composition and mechanical properties of the welded joints before and after heat treatment are studied. It is found that combined heat treatment of the welded joint (annealing, quenching, and artificial ageing) increases the joint strength, but appreciably decreases the alloy strength outside the region thermally affected by the welding process.

Mechanical alloying in the Fe-Cu system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jiang, Jianzhong; Gente, C.; Bormann, R.

1998-01-01

The studies of mechanical alloying on the Fe-Cu system, as a model system for those with positive heats of mixing, are reviewed. Several problems involved in the mechanical alloying process are discussed. For example, (1) whether alloying occurs on an atomic level; (2) what the solid solubility...... in the Fe-Cu system is; (3) where the positive energy is stored in the alloys; (4) what the decomposition process of the supersaturated alloys is; and (5) what type of magnetic properties the new materials have. The elucidation of these problems will shed light on the understanding of the mechanisms...... for the preparation of materials under highly non-equilibrium conditions in systems with positive heats of mixing by mechanical alloying....

Influence of Cu Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr-Cu-N Coatings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ji Cheng Ding

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The Cr-Cu-N coatings with various Cu contents (0–25.18 (±0.17 at.% were deposited on Si wafer and stainless steel (SUS 304 substrates in reactive Ar+N2 gas mixture by a hybrid coating system combining pulsed DC and RF magnetron sputtering techniques. The influence of Cu content on the coating composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties was investigated. The microstructure of the coatings was significantly altered by the introduction of Cu. The deposited coatings exhibit solid solution structure with different compositions in all of the samples. Addition of Cu is intensively favored for preferred orientation growth along (200 direction by restricting in (111 direction. With increasing Cu content, the surface and cross-sectional morphology of coatings were changed from triangle cone-shaped, columnar feature to broccoli-like and compact glassy microstructure, respectively. The mechanical properties including the residual stress, nanohardness, and toughness of the coatings were explored on the basis of Cu content. The highest hardness was obtained at the Cu content of 1.49 (±0.10 at.%.

Vacuum brazing of electroless Ni-P alloy-coated SiCp/Al composites using aluminum-based filler metal foil

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Peng; Xu, Dongxia; Niu, Jitai

2016-12-01

Using rapidly cooled (Al-10Si-20Cu-0.05Ce)-1Ti (wt%) foil as filler metal, the research obtained high-performance joints of electroless Ni-P alloy-coated aluminum matrix composites with high SiC particle content (60 vol%, SiCp/Al-MMCs). The effect of brazing process on joint properties and the formation of Al-Ni and Al-Cu-Ni intermetallic compounds were investigated, respectively. Due to the presence of Ni-P alloy coating, the wettability of liquid filler metal on the composites was improved obviously and its contact angle was only 21°. The formation of Al3Ni2 and Al3(CuNi)2 intermetallic compounds indicated that well metallurgical bonding occurred along the 6063Al matrix alloy/Ni-P alloy layer/filler metal foil interfaces by mutual diffusion and dissolution. And the joint shear strength increased with increasing the brazing temperature from 838 to 843 K or prolonging the soaking time from 15 to 35 min, while it decreased a lot because of corrosion occurring in the 6063Al matrix at high brazing temperature of 848 K. Sound joints with maximum shear strength of 112.5 MPa were obtained at 843 K for soaking time of 35 min. In this research, the beneficial effect of surface metallization by Ni-P alloy deposits on improving wettability on SiCp/Al-MMCs was demonstrated, and capable welding parameters were broadened as well.

Cu-segregation at the Q'/α-Al interface in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuda, Kenji; Teguri, Daisuke; Uetani, Yasuhiro; Sato, Tatsuo; Ikeno, Susumu

2002-01-01

Cu segregation was detected at the Q ' /α-Al interface in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. By contrast, in a Cu-free Al-Mg-Si alloy no segregation was observed at the interface between the matrix and Type-C precipitate

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monzen, Ryoichi; Watanabe, Chihiro

2008-01-01

The microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.1 wt.% Mg-added and Mg-free Cu-2.0 wt.% Ni-0.5 wt.% Si alloys aged at 400 deg. C have been examined. The addition of Mg promotes the formation of disk-shaped Ni 2 Si precipitates. The Cu-Ni-Si-Mg alloy exhibits higher strength and resistance to stress relaxation than the Cu-Ni-Si alloy. The higher strength or stress relaxation resistance is attributable to the reduction in inter-precipitate spacing by the Mg addition or the drag effect of Mg atoms on dislocation motion. The Cu-Ni-Si alloy with a large grain size of 150 μm shows higher stress relaxation resistance than the alloy with a small grain size of 10 μm because of a lower density of mobile dislocations in the former alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Monzen, Ryoichi [Division of Innovative Technology and Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanzawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 (Japan)], E-mail: monzen@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp; Watanabe, Chihiro [Division of Innovative Technology and Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanzawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 (Japan)

2008-06-15

The microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.1 wt.% Mg-added and Mg-free Cu-2.0 wt.% Ni-0.5 wt.% Si alloys aged at 400 deg. C have been examined. The addition of Mg promotes the formation of disk-shaped Ni{sub 2}Si precipitates. The Cu-Ni-Si-Mg alloy exhibits higher strength and resistance to stress relaxation than the Cu-Ni-Si alloy. The higher strength or stress relaxation resistance is attributable to the reduction in inter-precipitate spacing by the Mg addition or the drag effect of Mg atoms on dislocation motion. The Cu-Ni-Si alloy with a large grain size of 150 {mu}m shows higher stress relaxation resistance than the alloy with a small grain size of 10 {mu}m because of a lower density of mobile dislocations in the former alloy.

Mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloy-SiC composites

Science.gov (United States)

Anggara, B. S.; Handoko, E.; Soegijono, B.

2014-09-01

The synthesis of aluminum (Al) alloys, Al-Cu, from mixture 96.2 % Al and 3.8 % Cu has been prepared by melting process at a temperature of 1200°C. The adding 12.5 wt% up to 20 wt% of SiC on Al-Cu alloys samples has been investigated. The structure analyses were examined by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, the morphology of Al-Cu alloys has been seen as structure in micrometer range. The hardness was measured by hardness Vickers method. According to the results, it can be assumed that the 15 wt% of SiC content is prefer content to get better quality of back to back hardness Vickers of Al-Cu alloys.

Mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloy-SiC composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anggara, B. S., E-mail: anggorobs1960@yahoo.com [Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia 13220 and PPS Ilmu Material, Department Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia (Indonesia); Handoko, E. [Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 13220 (Indonesia); Soegijono, B. [PPS Ilmu Material, Department Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia (Indonesia)

2014-09-25

The synthesis of aluminum (Al) alloys, Al-Cu, from mixture 96.2 % Al and 3.8 % Cu has been prepared by melting process at a temperature of 1200°C. The adding 12.5 wt% up to 20 wt% of SiC on Al-Cu alloys samples has been investigated. The structure analyses were examined by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, the morphology of Al-Cu alloys has been seen as structure in micrometer range. The hardness was measured by hardness Vickers method. According to the results, it can be assumed that the 15 wt% of SiC content is prefer content to get better quality of back to back hardness Vickers of Al-Cu alloys.

Corrosion properties of pulse-plated zinc-nickel alloy coatings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alfantazi, A.M. [Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada). Dept. of Metals and Materials Engineering; Erb, U. [Queen`s Univ., Kingston, Ontario (Canada)

1996-11-01

Corrosion properties of pulse-plated Zn-Ni alloy coating on a steel substrate were investigated using the neutral salt-spray test (ASTM B 117-81) and the potentiodynamic polarization technique (ASTM G 5-82). Performance of these alloy coatings with various Ni contents (up to 62 wt%) was compared to that of laboratory-prepared electrodeposited Zn coatings and commercial galvannealed (GA) steel. Results of the neutral salt-spray test indicated corrosion resistance of pulse-plated Zn-Ni alloy coatings was superior to that of the pure Zn and commercial GA coating. The Zn-20 wt% Ni and Zn-14 wt% Ni alloys gave the best protection of the Zn-Ni coatings tested. Potentiodynamic polarization tests confirmed excellent corrosion performance of the 20 wt% Ni alloy

Metallurgically prepared NiCu alloys as cathode materials for hydrogen evolution reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Kunchan; Xia, Ming; Xiao, Tao; Lei, Ting; Yan, Weishan

2017-01-01

Ni−Cu bimetallic alloys with Cu content of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 wt% are prepared by powder metallurgy method, which consisted of powder mixing, pressing and sintering processes. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirms that all the five Ni−Cu alloys possess the f.c.c. structure. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the prepared Ni−Cu alloy electrodes was studied in 6 M KOH solution by cathodic current-potential curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It was found that the electrocatalytic activity for the HER depended on the composition of Ni−Cu alloys, where Ni−10Cu alloy exhibited considerably higher HER activity than Ni plate and other Ni−Cu alloys, indicative of its chemical composition related intrinsic activity. - Highlights: • Ni−Cu alloys with various Cu contents were prepared by powder metallurgy method. • Ni−Cu alloy exhibits chemical composition related synergistic effect for HER activity. • Ni−10Cu alloy electrode presents a most efficient activity for HER. • Two time constants are observed in Nyquist curve and both of them related to the kinetics of HER.

Metallurgically prepared NiCu alloys as cathode materials for hydrogen evolution reaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Kunchan; Xia, Ming [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Xiao, Tao [2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011 (China); Lei, Ting, E-mail: tlei@mail.csu.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Yan, Weishan [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China)

2017-01-15

Ni−Cu bimetallic alloys with Cu content of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 wt% are prepared by powder metallurgy method, which consisted of powder mixing, pressing and sintering processes. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirms that all the five Ni−Cu alloys possess the f.c.c. structure. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the prepared Ni−Cu alloy electrodes was studied in 6 M KOH solution by cathodic current-potential curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It was found that the electrocatalytic activity for the HER depended on the composition of Ni−Cu alloys, where Ni−10Cu alloy exhibited considerably higher HER activity than Ni plate and other Ni−Cu alloys, indicative of its chemical composition related intrinsic activity. - Highlights: • Ni−Cu alloys with various Cu contents were prepared by powder metallurgy method. • Ni−Cu alloy exhibits chemical composition related synergistic effect for HER activity. • Ni−10Cu alloy electrode presents a most efficient activity for HER. • Two time constants are observed in Nyquist curve and both of them related to the kinetics of HER.

Gas atomization of Cu-modified AB5 metal hydride alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Young, K.; Ouchi, T.; Banik, A.; Koch, J.; Fetcenko, M.A.; Bendersky, L.A.; Wang, K.; Vaudin, M.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → The gas atomization process together with a hydrogen annealing process was demonstrated on AB5 alloys. → The method was found to be effective in restoring the original cycle life sacrificed by the incorporation of copper in the alloy formula as a means of improving the low temperature performance of AB 5 alloys. → The new process also improves high rate, low temperature, and charge retention performances for both Cu-free and Cu-containing AB 5 alloys. - Abstract: Gas atomization together with a hydrogen annealing process has been proposed as a method to achieve improved low-temperature performance of AB 5 alloy electrodes in Ni/MH batteries and restore the original cycle life which was sacrificed by the incorporation of copper in the alloy formula. While the gas atomization process reduces the lattice constant aspect ratio c/a of the Cu-containing alloys, the addition of a hydrogen annealing step recovers this property, although it is still inferior to the conventionally prepared annealed Cu-free alloy. This observation correlates very well with the cycle life performance. In addition to extending the cycle life of the Cu-containing metal hydride electrode, processing by gas atomization with additional hydrogen annealing improves high-rate, low-temperature, and charge retention performances for both Cu-free and Cu-containing AB 5 alloys. The degradation mechanisms of alloys made by different processes through cycling are also discussed.

Enhanced cycling stability of microsized LiCoO2 cathode by Li4Ti5O12 coating for lithium ion battery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yi, Ting-Feng; Shu, J.; Yue, Cai-Bo; Zhu, Xiao-Dong; Zhou, An-Na; Zhu, Yan-Rong; Zhu, Rong-Sun

2010-01-01

The effect of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) coating amount on the electrochemical cycling behavior of the LiCoO 2 cathode was investigated at the high upper voltage limit of 4.5 V. Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (≤5 wt.%) is not incorporated into the host structure and leads to formation of uniform coating. The cycling performance of LiCoO 2 cathode is related with the amount of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 coating. The initial capacity of the LTO-coated LiCoO 2 decreased with increasing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 coating amount but showed enhanced cycling properties, compared to those of pristine material. The 3 wt.% LTO-coated LiCoO 2 has the best electrochemical performance, showing capacity retention of 97.3% between 2.5 V and 4.3 V and 85.1% between 2.5 V and 4.5 V after 40 cycles. The coulomb efficiency shows that the surface coating of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is beneficial to the reversible intercalation/de-intercalation of Li + . LTO-coated LiCoO 2 provides good prospects for practical application of lithium secondary batteries free from safety issues.

Mechanism of abnormally slow crystal growth of CuZr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan, X. Q.; Lü, Y. J.

2015-01-01

Crystal growth of the glass-forming CuZr alloy is shown to be abnormally slow, which suggests a new method to identify the good glass-forming alloys. The crystal growth of elemental Cu, Pd and binary NiAl, CuZr alloys is systematically studied with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations. The temperature dependence of the growth velocity indicates the different growth mechanisms between the elemental and the alloy systems. The high-speed growth featuring the elemental metals is dominated by the non-activated collision between liquid-like atoms and interface, and the low-speed growth for NiAl and CuZr is determined by the diffusion across the interface. We find that, in contrast to Cu, Pd, and NiAl, a strong stress layering arisen from the density and the local order layering forms in front of the liquid-crystal interface of CuZr alloy, which causes a slow diffusion zone. The formation of the slow diffusion zone suppresses the interface moving, resulting in much small growth velocity of CuZr alloy. We provide a direct evidence of this explanation by applying the compressive stress normal to the interface. The compression is shown to boost the stress layering in CuZr significantly, correspondingly enhancing the slow diffusion zone, and eventually slowing down the crystal growth of CuZr alloy immediately. In contrast, the growth of Cu, Pd, and NiAl is increased by the compression because the low diffusion zones in them are never well developed

Surface Modifications with Laser Synthesized Mo Modified Coating

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Lu; Chen, Hao; Liu, Bo

2013-01-01

Mg-Cu-Al was first used to improve the surface performance of TA15 titanium alloys by means of laser cladding technique. The synthesis of hard composite coating on TA15 titanium alloy by laser cladding of Mg-Cu-Al-B4C/Mo pre-placed powders was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and high resolution transmission electron microscope. Experimental results indicated that such composite coating mainly consisted of TiB2, TiB, TiC, Ti3Al and AlCuMg. Compared with TA15 alloy substrate, an improvement of wear resistance was observed for this composite coating due to the actions of fine grain, amorphous and hard phase strengthening.

Devitrification behavior and glass-forming ability of Cu-Zr-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri V.; Xie, Guoqiang; Zhang, Wei; Inoue, Akihisa

2007-01-01

This paper presents an influence of Ag addition on the glass-forming ability and devitrification behavior of Cu-Zr glassy alloys on heating. The crystallization kinetics and structure changes in Cu 45 Zr 45 Ag 10 and Cu 35 Zr 45 Ag 20 glassy alloys on heating were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning and isothermal calorimetry methods. Based on the results obtained one can assume that the improvement of the glass-forming ability of the Cu-Zr alloys by the addition of Ag is connected with a particular crystallization mechanism and a higher reduced glass-transition temperature of the Cu 45 Zr 45 Ag 10 ternary alloy compared to the binary Cu 55 Zr 45 counterpart. As observed in the present work crystallization of the Cu-Zr-Ag alloys is found to cause embitterment of the samples and should be avoided as these alloys are considered to be used as structural materials. The Cu 35 Zr 45 Ag 20 alloy shows possible submicron-scale phase separation upon annealing

Interfacial Reaction of Sn-Ag-Cu Lead-Free Solder Alloy on Cu: A Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liu Mei Lee

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews the function and importance of Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys in electronics industry and the interfacial reaction of Sn-Ag-Cu/Cu solder joint at various solder forms and solder reflow conditions. The Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys are examined in bulk and in thin film. It then examines the effect of soldering conditions to the formation of intermetallic compounds such as Cu substrate selection, structural phases, morphology evolution, the growth kinetics, temperature and time is also discussed. Sn-Ag-Cu lead-free solder alloys are the most promising candidate for the replacement of Sn-Pb solders in modern microelectronic technology. Sn-Ag-Cu solders could possibly be considered and adapted in miniaturization technologies. Therefore, this paper should be of great interest to a large selection of electronics interconnect materials, reliability, processes, and assembly community.

Optical analysis of lens-like Cu{sub 2}CdSnS{sub 4} quaternary alloy nanostructures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Odeh, Ali Abu; Ayub, R.M. [University Malaysia Perlis, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Kangar, Perlis (Malaysia); Al-Douri, Y. [University Malaysia Perlis, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Kangar, Perlis (Malaysia); University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sidi-Bel-Abbes (Algeria); Ameri, M. [Universite Djilali Liabes de Sidi Bel- Abbes, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Materiaux Avances (LPCMA), Sidi-Bel-Abbes (Algeria); Bouhemadou, A. [University of Setif 1, Laboratory for Developing New Materials and Their Characterization, Setif (Algeria); Prakash, Deo [SMVD University, Faculty of Engineering, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kakryal, Katra, J and K (India); Verma, K.D. [S.V. College, Material Science Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Aligarh, U.P. (India)

2016-10-15

Cu{sub 2}CdSnS{sub 4} quaternary alloy nanostructures with different copper concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 M) were successfully synthesized on n-type silicon substrates using spin coating technique with annealing temperature at 300 C. Optical properties were analyzed through UV-Vis and Photoluminescence spectroscopies, and thus, there is a change in energy band gap with increasing Cu concentration from 0.2 to 1.0 M. The structural properties of Cu{sub 2}CdSnS{sub 4} quaternary alloy nanostructures were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The particles size and shape have a direct relationship with copper concentration. Morphological and topographical studies were carried out by using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The obtained results are investigated to be available in the literature for future studies. (orig.)

Local structure of disordered Au-Cu and Au-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frenkel, A. I.; Machavariani, V. Sh.; Rubshtein, A.; Rosenberg, Yu.; Voronel, A.; Stern, E. A.

2000-01-01

X-ray-absorption fine structure (XAFS) and x-ray-diffraction (XRD) measurements of disordered alloys Au x Cu 1-x and Au 0.5 Ag 0.5 prepared by melt spinning were performed. In the Au 0.5 Ag 0.5 alloy, no significant local deviations of the atoms from the average fcc lattice were detected while in Au x Cu 1-x alloys, significant deviations of atoms from the average fcc lattice were found. Mean-square vibrations of the Cu-Cu distances revealed by the XAFS in Au x Cu 1-x alloys indicate the weakening of contact between Cu atoms in the dilute limit. Our computer simulation for Au x Cu 1-x clusters of 10 5 atoms reproduces the main features of both the XAFS and XRD data

Characteristics and corrosion studies of vanadate conversion coating formed on Mg–14 wt%Li–1 wt%Al–0.1 wt%Ce alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Yibin; Li Ning; Li Deyu; Zhang Milin; Huang Xiaomei

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Vanadate film forms on the surface of Mg–Li–Al–Ce alloy. ► Vanadate coating improves the corrosion resistance. ► Vanadate coating is composed of Mg(OH) 2 , Li 2 O and V 2 O 5 . - Abstract: Mg–14Li–1Al–0.1Ce alloy is immersed in NH 4 VO 3 + K 3 (Fe(CN) 6 ) solutions with different NH 4 VO 3 and/or K 3 (Fe(CN) 6 ) concentrations, and different immersion time. The surface morphology and composition of the vanadate coating are then characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the corrosion behavior of the conversion coating is studied by polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results indicate that the vanadate film with better corrosion resistance forms on Mg–Li–Al–Ce surface after the sample is immersed in 30 g L −1 NH 4 VO 3 + 3.75 g L −1 K 3 (Fe(CN) 6 ) solution at 80 °C for 10 min. The coating consists of V 2 O 5 , Li 2 O and Mg(OH) 2 .

Local atomic structure of Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al amorphous alloys investigated by EXAFS method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antonowicz, J.; Pietnoczka, A.; Zalewski, W.; Bacewicz, R.; Stoica, M.; Georgarakis, K.; Yavari, A.R.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Coordination number, interatomic distances and mean square atomic displacement in Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al glasses. → Icosahedral symmetry in local atomic structure. → Deviation from random mixing behavior resulting from Al addition. - Abstract: We report on extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study of rapidly quenched Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al glassy alloys. The local atomic order around Zr and Cu atoms was investigated. From the EXAFS data fitting the values of coordination number, interatomic distances and mean square atomic displacement were obtained for wide range of compositions. It was found that icosahedral symmetry rather than that of corresponding crystalline analogs dominates in the local atomic structure of Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al amorphous alloys. Judging from bonding preferences we conclude that addition of Al as an alloying element results in considerable deviation from random mixing behavior observed in binary Zr-Cu alloys.

Development of amorphous and nanocrystalline Al65Cu35-xZrx alloys by mechanical alloying

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manna, I.; Chattopadhyay, P.P.; Banhart, F.; Fecht, H.J.

2004-01-01

Mechanical alloying of Al 65 Cu 35-x Zr x (x=5, 15 and 25 at.% Zr) elemental powder blends by planetary ball milling up to 50 h yields amorphous and/or nanocrystalline products. Microstructure of the milled product at different stages of milling has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, (XRD) high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Among the different alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying, Al 65 Cu 20 Zr 15 yields a predominantly amorphous product, while the other two alloys develop a composite microstructure comprising nanocrystalline and amorphous solid solutions in Al 65 Cu 10 Zr 25 and nano-intermetallic phase/compound in Al 65 Cu 30 Zr 5 , respectively. The genesis of solid-state amorphization in Al 65 Cu 20 Zr 15 and Al 65 Cu 10 Zr 25 is investigated

Improvement in the Characterization of the 2099 Al-Li Alloy by FE-SEM

Science.gov (United States)

Brodusch, Nicolas; Trudeau, Michel L.; Michaud, Pierre; Brochu, Mathieu; Rodrigue, Lisa; Boselli, Julien; Gauvin, Raynald

This paper describes how state-of-the-art Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) can contribute to the characterization of the 2099 aluminum-lithium alloy, and metallic alloys in general. Investigations were carried out on bulk and thinned samples. BSE imaging at 3kV and STEM imaging at 30kV along with highly efficient microanalysis permitted to correlate experimental and expected structures. Although our results confirm previous studies, this work points out possible substitutions of Mg and Zn with Li, Al and Cu in the T1 precipitates. Zinc and magnesium are also present in "rice grain" shaped precipitates at the grain boundaries. The versatility of the FE-SEM is highlighted in that it can provide information at the macro and micro scales with relevant details. Its ability to probe the distribution of precipitates from nano-to micro-sizes throughout the matrix makes Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy a suitable technique for the characterization of metallic alloys.

Effect of Zr on the Corrosion Properties of Mg-Li-Al Alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Soon Ho; Choi, Sang Hyun; Kim, In Bae; Kim, Kyung Hyun

1994-01-01

Effect of Zr on the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of Mg-Li-Al alloy has been investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization study. The electrochemical behaviors were evaluated in 0.03% NaCl solution and the solution buffered with KH 2 PO 5 · NaOH at room temperature. It was found that the addition of very small quantity of Zr (0.03wt%) in Mg-Li-Al alloy increased corrosion rates and amount of corrosion products and decreased the pitting resistance of the alloy. From the results it was concluded that Zr which is added to increase the strength of Mg-Li-Al alloy is harmful to corrosion properties of the alloy

Electroless alloy/composite coatings

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The market for these coatings is expanding fast as the potential applications are on the rise. In the present article, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications. Different characterisation studies have been ...

Precipitation structures and mechanical properties of Al-Li-Zr alloy containing V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ying, J.K.; Ohashi, T.

1999-01-01

It is known that Al-Li alloys possess high elastic modulus and low density, and the metastable δ' (Al 3 Li) precipitate in these alloys affords considerable strengthening effect. However, with the strengthening resulting from the precipitation of δ' which is coherent with the matrix, these alloys suffer from low ductility and fracture toughness. It seems that the loss of ductility is the slip localization which occurs as a result of slip planes during deformation in connection with the specific hardening mechanism. As a result it indicates typical intergranular fracture. On the one hand, zirconium is used in many aluminum alloys to inhibit recrystallization during alloy processing. When zirconium is present in the alloy grain refinement occurs, which consequently, is considered as a factor that reduces the slip distance, and lowers the stress concentration across grain boundaries and at grain boundary triple points. Nevertheless, if only zirconium is added in Al-Li alloy it still shows intergranular fracture. By Zedaris et al., equilibrium phase Al 3 (Zr,V) in Al-Zr alloy containing V reduces the lattice mismatch along the c-axis with Al and, the L1 2 -structure metastable precipitates Al 3 (Zr,V) in Al-Zr-V alloys are stable at elevated temperature. Therefore, it is interesting to elucidate the effect of V in Al-Li-Zr alloy at the precipitation structures and mechanical properties of these alloys

Fusion technology for the production of PbLi eutectic alloys; Obtencion de aleaciones eutecticas PbLi mediante procesos de fusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barrena, M. J.; Gomez de Salazar, J. M.; Quinones, J.; Pascual, L.; Soria, A.

2012-07-01

The development of thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), whose objective is to produce energy from nuclear fusion, has raised the study of Pb-Li eutectic alloys, as they have been selected for the manufacture of test blanket modules (TBM). However, during the manufacturing process of the Pb-Li alloys, thermal conditions used result in a loss of litium element, which inhibits the formation of eutectic structures. In this work we have done fusion of pure lead and lithium, evaluating different process parameters to obtain Pb-Li (17 at. %) eutectic alloys. The alloys manufactured were characterized by DSC, SEM-EDX and microhardness tests. From these studies we noted that the used of an induction reactor and the process parameters optimized to obtain Pb-Li alloy allow for completely eutectic ingots and high chemical homogeneity and microstructural. (Author) 26 refs.

Mechanical behaviour of Zn-Fe alloy coated mild steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panagopoulos, C.N.; Georgiou, E.P.; Agathocleous, P.E.; Giannakopoulos, K.I.

2009-01-01

Zinc alloy coatings containing various amounts of Fe were deposited by electrodeposition technique on a mild steel substrate. The concentration of Fe in the produced alloy coatings ranged from 0 to 14 wt.%, whereas the thickness of the coatings was about 50 μm. Structural and metallurgical characterization of the produced coatings was performed with the aid of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. This study aims in investigating the mechanical behaviour of Zn-Fe coated mild steel specimens, as no research investigation concerning the tensile behaviour of Zn alloy coated ferrous alloys has been reported in the past. The experimental results indicated that the ultimate tensile strength of the Zn-Fe coated mild steel was lower than the bare mild steel. In addition, the ductility of the Zn-Fe coated mild steel was found to decrease significantly with increasing Fe content in the coating.

Corrosion Resistance Of Electroless Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P Multilayer Coatings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhao G.L.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P multilayer coatings were prepared by deposition of Cu layer between two Ni–P layers. The Cu layer was deposited by metal displacement reaction between Cu2+ and Fe atoms. Corrosion behavior of single-layer Ni-P coatings, double-layer Ni-P/Cu coatings, and three-layer Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P coatings were investigated by electrochemical tests in 3.5% NaCl solution. The three-layer coatings exhibited more positive Ecorr and decreased Icorr compared with conventional single-layer Ni-P coatings, which indicated an improved corrosion resistance. The polarization curves of the three-layer coatings were characterized by two passive regions. The improved corrosion resistance was not only attributed to the function of the blocked pores of Cu. The Cu interlayer also acted as a sacrificial layer instead of a barrier in the coatings, which altered the corrosion mechanism and further improved the corrosion resistance of the coatings.

Evaluation of Pb–17Li compatibility of ODS Fe-12Cr-5Al alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Unocic, Kinga A., E-mail: unocicka@ornl.gov; Hoelzer, David T.

2016-10-15

The Dual Coolant Lead Lithium (DCLL: eutectic Pb–17Li and He) blanket concept requires improved Pb–17Li compatibility with ferritic steels in order to demonstrate acceptable performance in fusion reactors. As an initial step, static Pb-17at.%Li (Pb-17Li) capsule experiments were conducted on new oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) FeCrAl alloys ((1) Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} (125Y), (2) Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} + ZrO{sub 2} (125YZ), (3) Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} + HfO{sub 2} (125YH), and (4) Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} + TiO{sub 2} (125YT)) produced at ORNL via mechanical alloying (MA). Tests were conducted in static Pb–17Li for 1000 h at 700 °C. Alloys showed promising compatibility with Pb–17Li with small mass change after testing for 125YZ, 125YH and 125YT, while the 125Y alloy experienced the highest mass loss associated with some oxide spallation and subsequent alloy dissolution. X-ray diffraction methods identified the surface reaction product as LiAlO{sub 2} on all four alloys. A small decrease (∼1 at.%) in Al content beneath the oxide scale was observed in all four ODS alloys, which extended 60 μm beneath the oxide/metal interface. This indicates improvements in alloy dissolution by decreasing the amount of Al loss from the alloy. Scales formed on 125YZ, 125YH and 125YT were examined via scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) and revealed incorporation of Zr-, Hf-, and Ti-rich precipitates within the LiAlO{sub 2} product, respectively. This indicates an inward scale growth mechanism. Future work in flowing Pb–17Li is needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy in a test blanket module. - Highlights: • Investigation of Pb-17Li compatibility of new ODS Fe-12Cr5Al. • Promising small mass change after static Pb-17Li exposure. • LiAlO{sub 2} formed on the surface during Pb-17Li exposure. • Oxide precipitates incorporated within the LiAlO{sub 2} product. • An inward scale growth mechanism was identified.

Corrosion behavior of amorphous and crystalline Cu50Ti50 and Cu50Zr50 alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naka, M.; Hoshimoto, K.; Masumoto, T.

1978-01-01

Corrosion rates and anodic polarization curves of amorphous and crystalline Cu 50 Ti 50 and Cu 50 Zr 50 alloys have been examined in various acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions. The amorphous alloys are very stable in acidic and alkaline solutions, but unstable in agressive chloride solutions. The corrosion resistance of these amorphous alloys is higher than that of the crystallized alloys. The high corrosion resistance of amorphous alloys is attributable to the high chemical homogeneity of amorphous alloys without localized crystalline defects such as precipitates, segregates, grain boundaries, etc. Metalloid elements play an important role in the corrosion behavior of amorphous alloys; the addition of phosphorus to amorphous Cu-Ti alloy greatly increases the corrosion resistance, even in 1N HCl. (Auth.)

Promising Cu-Ni-Cr-Si alloy for first wall ITER applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, A.; Abramov, V.; Rodin, M.

1996-01-01

Precipitation-hardened Cu-Ni-Cr-Si alloy, a promising material for ITER applications, is considered. Available commercial products, chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties are presented. Embrittlement of Cu-Ni-Cr-Si alloy at 250-300 C is observed. Mechanical properties of Cu-Ni-Cr-Si alloy neutron irradiated to a dose of ∝0.2 dpa at 293 C are investigated. Embrittlement of Cu-Ni-Cr-Si alloy can be avoided by annealing. (orig.)

Microstructural analysis of cracks generated during welding of 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Talia, George E.

1994-01-01

This research summarizes a series of studies conducted at Marshall Space Flight Center to characterize the properties of 2195 Al-Li alloy. 2195 Al-Li alloy, developed by Martin Marietta laboratories, is designated as a replacement of 2219 Al-Cu alloy for the External Tank (E.T.) of the space shuttle. 2195 Al-Li alloy with its advantage of increased strength per weight over its predecessor, 2219 Al-Cu alloy, also challenges current technology. 2195 Al-Li has a greater tendency to crack than its predecessor. The present study began with the observation of pore formation in 2195 Al-Li alloy in a thermal aging process. In preliminary studies, Talia and Nunes found that most of the two pass welds studied exhibited round and crack-like porosity at the weld roots. Furthermore, the porosity observed was associated with the grain boundaries. The porosity level can be increased by thermal treatment in the air. A solid state reaction proceeding from dendritic boundaries in the weld fusion zone was observed to correlate with the generation of the porosity.

Brazing characteristics of a Zr-Ti-Cu-Fe eutectic alloy filler metal for Zircaloy-4

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jung G.; Lim, C. H.; Kim, K. H.; Park, S. S.; Lee, M. K.; Rhee, C. K.

2013-10-01

A Zr-Ti-Cu-Fe quaternary eutectic alloy was employed as a new Be-free brazing filler metal for Zircaloy-4 to supersede physically vapor-deposited Be coatings used conventionally with several disadvantages. The quaternary eutectic composition of Zr58Ti16Cu10Fe16 (at.%) showing a low melting temperature range from 832 °C to 853 °C was designed by a partial substitution of Zr with Ti based on a Zr-Cu-Fe ternary eutectic system. By applying an alloy ribbon with the determined composition, a highly reliable joint was obtained with a homogeneous formation of predominantly grown α-Zr phases owing to a complete isothermal solidification, exhibiting strength higher than that of Zircaloy-4. The homogenization of the joint was rate-controlled by the diffusion of the filler elements (Ti, Cu, and Fe) into the Zircaloy-4 base metal, and the detrimental segregation of the Zr2Fe phase in the central zone was completely eliminated by an isothermal holding at a brazing temperature of 920 °C for 10 min.

Study of the Effect of Molten Copper Chloride Immersion Test on Alloys with High Nickel Content with and without Surface Coatings

Science.gov (United States)

Siantar, Edwin

The demand for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier has increased greatly. The Cu-Cl cycle is a promising thermochemical cycle that is currently being developed to be the large-scale method of hydrogen production. The lifetime of materials for the pipes transporting molten CuCl is an important parameter for an economic design of a commercial thermochemical Cu-Cl hydrogen plant. This research is an examination of candidate materials following an immersion test in molten CuCl at 500 °C for 100 h. Two alloys, Ni based super-alloy (Inconel 625) and super austenitic stainless steel (AL6XN) were selected as the base metal. There were two types of coating applied to improve the corrosion resistance of the base metals during molten CuCl exposure. A metallic of Diamalloy 4006 and two ceramic of yttria stabilized zirconia and alumina coatings were applied to the base metal using thermal spray methods. An immersion apparatus was designed and constructed to perform an immersion test that has a condition similar to those in a hydrogen plant. After the immersion test, the materials were evaluated using an electrochemical method in combination with ex-situ surface analysis. The surface condition including elemental composition, film structure and resistivity of the materials were examined and compared. The majority of the coatings were damaged and fell off. Cracks were found in the original coated specimens indicating the sample geometry may have affected the integrity of the sprayed coating. When the coating cracked, it provided a pathway for the molten CuCl to go under the coating and react with the surface underneath the coating. Copper deposits and iron chloride that were found on the sample surfaces suggest that there were corrosion reactions that involved the metal dissolution and reduction of copper during immersion test. The results also suggest that Inconel 625 performed better than stainless steel AL6XN. Both Diamalloy 4006 and YSZ (ZrO2 18TiO2 10Y2O3) coatings seemed to

Development the Mechanical Properties of (AL-Li-Cu Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ihsan Kadhom AlNaimi

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research is to develop mechanical properties of a new aluminium-lithium-copper alloy. This alloy prepared under control atmosphere by casting in a permanent metal mould. The microstructure was examined and mechanical properties were tested before and after heat treatment to study the influence of heat treatment on its mechanical properties including; modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, impact, and fatigue. The results showed that the modulus of elasticity of the prepared alloy is higher than standard alloy about 2%. While the alloy that heat treated for 6 h and cooled in water, then showed a higher ultimate tensile stress comparing with as-cast alloy. The homogenous heat treatment gives best fatigue behaviour comparing with as-cast and other heat treatment alloys. Also, the impact test illustrates that the homogeneous heat treatment alloy gives the highest value.

Corrosion Behavior and Oxide Properties of Zr-Nb-Cu and Zr-Nb-Sn Alloy in High Dissolved Hydrogen Primary Water Chemistry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Yun Ju; Kim, Tae Ho; Kim, Ji Hyun [UNIST, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

The water-metal interface is regarded as rate-controlling site governing the rapid oxidation transition in high burn-up fuel. And the zirconium oxide is made in water-metal interface and its structure and phase do an important role in terms of oxide properties. During oxidation process, the protective tetragonal oxide layer develops at the interface due to accumulated high stress during oxide growth, and it turns into non-protective monoclinic oxide with increasing oxide thickness, thus decreasing the stress. It has been reported that Nb addition was proven to be very beneficial for increasing the corrosion resistance of the zirconium alloys. From a more recent study, Cu addition in Nb containing Zirconium alloy was reported to be effective for increasing corrosion resistance in water containing B and Li. According to the previous research conducted, Zr-Nb-Cu shows better corrosion resistance than Zircaloy-4. The dissolved hydrogen (DH) concentration is the key issue of primary water chemistry, and the effect of DH concentration on the corrosion rate of nickel based alloy has been researched. However, the effect of DH on the zirconium alloy corrosion mechanism was not fully investigated. In this study, the weight gain measurement, FIB-SEM analysis, and Raman spectroscopic measurement were conducted to investigate the effects of dissolved hydrogen concentration and the chemical composition on the corrosion resistance and oxide phase of Zr-Nb-Cu alloy and Zr-Nb-Sn alloy after oxidizing in a primary water environment for 20 d. The corrosion rate of Zr-Nb-Cu alloy is slow, when it is compared to Zr-Nb-Sn alloy. In SEM images, the oxide thickness of Zr-Nb-Cu alloy is measured to be around 1.06 μm it of Zr-Nb-Sn alloy is measured to be 1.15 μm. It is because of the Segregation made by Sn solute element when Sn solute element oxidized. And according to ex situ Raman spectra, Zr-Nb-Cu alloy oxide has more tetragonal zirconium oxide fraction than Zr-Nb-Sn alloy oxide.

Hot mechanical behaviour of dispersion strengthened Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia G, Jose; Espinoza G, Rodrigo; Palma H, Rodrigo; Sepulveda O, Aquiles

2003-01-01

This work is part of a research project which objective is the improvement of the high-temperature mechanical properties of copper, without an important decrease of the electrical or thermal conduction properties. The general hypothesis is that this will be done by the incorporation of nanometric ceramic dispersoids for hindering the dislocation and grain boundaries movement. In this context, the object of the present work is the study of the resistance to hot deformation of dispersion-strengthened copper alloys which have prepared by reactive milling. Two different alloys, Cu-2,39wt.%Ti-0.56wt.%C and Cu-1.18wt.%Al, were prepared so as obtain a copper matrix reinforced with nanometric TiC y Al 2 O 3 particles with a nominal total amount of 5 vol.%. The particles were developed by an in-situ formation process during milling. The materials were prepared in an attritor mill, and consolidated by extrusion at 750 o C, with an area reduction rate of 10:1. The resistance to hot deformation was evaluated by hot compression tests at 500 and 850 o C, at initial strain rates of 10 -3 and 10 -4 s-1. To evaluate the material softening due temperature, annealing at 400, 650 y 900 o C during 1h were applied; after that, hardness was measured at room temperature. Both studies alloys presented a higher resistance to hot deformation than pure copper, with or without milling. Moreover, the Cu-Ti-C alloy presented a mechanical resistance higher than that of the Cu-Al one. Both alloys presented strain-stress compression curves with a typical hot-work shape: an initial maximum followed by a stationary plateau. The Cu-Ti-C alloy had a higher hardness and did not present a hardness decay even after annealings at the higher temperature imposed (900 o C), while the Cu-Al alloy did exhibit a strong decay of hardness after the annealing at 900 o C. The best behaviour exhibited by the Cu-Ti C alloy, was attributed to the formation of a major quantity of dispersoids that in the Cu-Al alloy. In

Grindability of dental cast Ti-Ag and Ti-Cu alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Kikuchi, Masafumi; Takahashi, Masatoshi; Okabe, Toru; Okuno, Osamu

2003-06-01

Experimental Ti-Ag alloys (5, 10, and 20 mass% Ag) and Ti-Cu alloys (2, 5, and 10 mass% Cu) were cast into magnesia molds using a dental casting machine, and their grindability was investigated. At the lowest grinding speed (500 m min(-1)), there were no statistical differences among the grindability values of the titanium and titanium alloys. The grindability of the alloys increased as the grinding speed increased. At the highest grinding speed (1500 m x min(-1)), the grindability of the 20% Ag, 5% Cu, and 10% Cu alloys was significantly higher than that of titanium. It was found that alloying with silver or copper improved the grindability of titanium, particularly at a high speed. It appeared that the decrease in elongation caused by the precipitation of small amounts of intermetallic compounds primarily contributed to the favorable grindability of the experimental alloys.

The Mechanical Properties of AlSi17Cu5 Cast Alloy after Overheating and Modification of CuP Master Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piątkowski J.

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of the AlSi17Cu5 alloy overheating to atemperature of 920°C and modification with phosphorus (CuP10 on the resultingmechanical (HB, Rm, R0.2 and plastic (A5 and Z properties. It has been shown that, so-called, "timethermal treatment" (TTT of an alloy in the liquid state, consisting inoverheating the metal to about 250°C above Tliq,holding at this temperature by 30 minutes improvesthe mechanical properties. It has also been found that overheating of alloy above Tliq.enhances the process of modification, resulting in the formation of fine-grain structure. The primary silicon crystals uniformly distributed in the eutectic and characteristics ofthe α(Al solution supersaturated with alloying elements present in the starting alloy composition (Cu, Fe provide not only an increase of strength at ambient temperature but also at elevated temperature (250°C.

Thermophysical Properties of Cold and Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Cu-Cr-X Alloys, NiAl and NiCrAlY Coatings. Part 2; Specific Heat Capacity

Science.gov (United States)

Raj, S. V.

2017-01-01

Part I of the paper discussed the temperature dependencies of the electrical resistivities, thermal conductivities, thermal diffusivities and total hemispherical emissivities of several vacuum plasma sprayed (VPS) and cold sprayed copper alloy monolithic coatings, VPS NiAl, VPS NiCrAlY, extruded GRCop-84 and as-cast Cu-17(wt.%)Cr-5%Al. Part II discusses the temperature dependencies of the constant pressure specific heat capacities, CP, of these coatings. The data were empirically were regression-fitted with the equation: CP = AT4 + BT3 + CT2 + DT +E where T is the absolute temperature and A, B, C, D and E are regression constants. The temperature dependencies of the molar enthalpy, molar entropy and Gibbs molar free energy determined from experimental values of molar specific heat capacity are reported. Calculated values of CP using the Neumann-Kopp (NK) rule were in poor agreement with experimental data. Instead, a modification of the Neumann-Kopp rule was found to predict values closer to the experimental data with an absolute deviation less than 6.5%. The specific molar heat capacities for all the alloys did not agree with the Dulong-Petit law, and CP is greater than 3R, where R is the universal gas constant, were measured for all the alloys except NiAl for which CP is less than 3R at all temperatures.

Effects of Different Levels of Boron on Microstructure and Hardness of CoCrFeNiAlxCu0.7Si0.1By High-Entropy Alloy Coatings by Laser Cladding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yizhu He

2017-01-01

Full Text Available High-entropy alloys (HEAs are novel solid solution strengthening metallic materials, some of which show attractive mechanical properties. This paper aims to reveal the effect of adding small atomic boron on the interstitial solid solution strengthening ability in the laser cladded CoCrFeNiAlxCu0.7Si0.1By (x = 0.3, x = 2.3, and 0.3 ≤ y ≤ 0.6 HEA coatings. The results show that laser rapid solidification effectively prevents brittle boride precipitation in the designed coatings. The main phase is a simple face-centered cubic (FCC matrix when the Al content is equal to 0.3. On the other hand, the matrix transforms to single bcc solid solution when x increases to 2.3. Increasing boron content improves the microhardness of the coatings, but leads to a high degree of segregation of Cr and Fe in the interdendritic microstructure. Furthermore, it is worth noting that CoCrFeNiAl0.3Cu0.7Si0.1B0.6 coatings with an FCC matrix and a modulated structure on the nanometer scale exhibit an ultrahigh hardness of 502 HV0.5.

Chromium-free conversion coatings based on inorganic salts (Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo) for aluminum alloys used in aircraft applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santa Coloma, P., E-mail: patricia.santacoloma@tecnalia.com [TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, E-20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa (Spain); Izagirre, U.; Belaustegi, Y.; Jorcin, J.B.; Cano, F.J. [TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, E-20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa (Spain); Lapeña, N. [Boeing Research & Technology Europe, S.L.U., Avenida Sur del Aeropuerto de Barajas 38, Building 4 – 3rd Floor, E-28042 Madrid (Spain)

2015-08-01

Highlights: • Chromium-free conversion coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys. • Salt spray and potentiodynamic sweep tests to study the corrosion behavior. • Local deposits on Cu-rich intermetallic particles enhanced corrosion resistance. • Surface characterization to relate bath's composition and corrosion resistance. • Best corrosion protection with conversion baths without titanium salts. - Abstract: Novel chromium-free conversion coatings based on Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo compounds were developed at a pilot scale to improve the corrosion resistance of the AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys for aircraft applications. The influence of the presence of Zr and Ti in the Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo conversion bath's formulation on the corrosion resistance of the coated alloys was investigated. The corrosion resistance provided by the conversion coatings was evaluated by salt spray exposure and potentiodynamic sweeps. Optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating in the Kelvin Probe mode (SKPFM) were used to provide microstructural information of the coated samples that achieved the best results in the corrosion tests. The salt spray test evidenced the higher corrosion resistance of the coated samples compared to the bare surfaces for both alloys. The potentiodynamic tests showed that the corrosion current density decreased for coated AA7075-T6 and AA2024-T3 alloys, which indicated an obvious improvement of the corrosion resistance with all the processes for both alloys. Although the corrosion resistance of the coated samples appeared to be higher for the alloy AA7075-T6 than for the alloy AA2024-T3, both alloys achieved the best corrosion protection with the coatings deposited from conversion bath formulations containing no titanium salts. The microscopy analysis on the coated AA7075-T6 samples revealed that a local deposition of Zr compounds and, possibly, an

Chromium-free conversion coatings based on inorganic salts (Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo) for aluminum alloys used in aircraft applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santa Coloma, P.; Izagirre, U.; Belaustegi, Y.; Jorcin, J.B.; Cano, F.J.; Lapeña, N.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Chromium-free conversion coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys. • Salt spray and potentiodynamic sweep tests to study the corrosion behavior. • Local deposits on Cu-rich intermetallic particles enhanced corrosion resistance. • Surface characterization to relate bath's composition and corrosion resistance. • Best corrosion protection with conversion baths without titanium salts. - Abstract: Novel chromium-free conversion coatings based on Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo compounds were developed at a pilot scale to improve the corrosion resistance of the AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys for aircraft applications. The influence of the presence of Zr and Ti in the Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo conversion bath's formulation on the corrosion resistance of the coated alloys was investigated. The corrosion resistance provided by the conversion coatings was evaluated by salt spray exposure and potentiodynamic sweeps. Optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating in the Kelvin Probe mode (SKPFM) were used to provide microstructural information of the coated samples that achieved the best results in the corrosion tests. The salt spray test evidenced the higher corrosion resistance of the coated samples compared to the bare surfaces for both alloys. The potentiodynamic tests showed that the corrosion current density decreased for coated AA7075-T6 and AA2024-T3 alloys, which indicated an obvious improvement of the corrosion resistance with all the processes for both alloys. Although the corrosion resistance of the coated samples appeared to be higher for the alloy AA7075-T6 than for the alloy AA2024-T3, both alloys achieved the best corrosion protection with the coatings deposited from conversion bath formulations containing no titanium salts. The microscopy analysis on the coated AA7075-T6 samples revealed that a local deposition of Zr compounds and, possibly, an

Complex impedance spectra of chip inductor using Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakamura, Tatsuya; Naoe, Masayuki; Yamada, Yoshihiro

2006-01-01

A multi-layer chip inductor (MCI) was fabricated using polycrystalline Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite and the green-sheet technique, and its complex impedance spectrum was evaluated with the help of numerical calculations. The complex impedance spectra of the MCI component using Ni-Zn-Cu ferrite, which have been widely used for this application, were very sensitive to the residual stress and deviated much from the calculated values; however, it was found that the complex impedance spectrum of the MCI component using Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite is quite well reproduced by calculation, where the complex permittivity and permeability of the polycrystalline ferrite as well as the MCI dimensions, were used. It implied that the magneto-striction effect was negligible in case of MCI using Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite, and that the difference was related to magneto-strictive coefficient of the polycrystalline ferrite. Consequently, utilization of Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite enabled us to easily design the complex impedance of MCI component

Triple carbon coated LiFePO4 composite with hierarchical conductive architecture as high-performance cathode for Li-ion batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mei, Riguo; Yang, Yanfeng; Song, Xiaorui; An, Zhenguo; Zhang, Jingjie

2015-01-01

Triple carbon coated LiFePO 4 composite is prepared by spray drying-carbothermal reduction (SD-CTR) method. The triple carbon sources (viz. graphene oxide, thermoplastic phenolic resin and water-solubility starch) play different roles in constructing the hierarchical conductive architecture. The structure, component and morphology of the as-obtained LiFePO 4 composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that, compared with double carbon coated LiFePO 4 counterparts, the triple carbon coated LiFePO 4 composite possesses smaller crystallite and high-efficiency of carbon coating such as more complete coating, lower I D /I G ratio, and better conductive architecture. Benefited from the above mentioned superiority, the triple carbon coated LiFePO 4 composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, especially for high-rate capability, which reaches up to 120 mA h g −1 at 10 C

Cu-Al alloy formation by thermal annealing of Cu/Al multilayer films deposited by cyclic metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Moon, Hock Key; Yoon, Jaehong; Kim, Hyungjun; Lee, Nae-Eung

2013-05-01

One of the most important issues in future Cu-based interconnects is to suppress the resistivity increase in the Cu interconnect line while decreasing the line width below 30 nm. For the purpose of mitigating the resistivity increase in the nanoscale Cu line, alloying Cu with traces of other elements is investigated. The formation of a Cu alloy layer using chemical vapor deposition or electroplating has been rarely studied because of the difficulty in forming Cu alloys with elements such as Al. In this work, Cu-Al alloy films were successfully formed after thermal annealing of Cu/Al multilayers deposited by cyclic metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (C-MOCVD). After the C-MOCVD of Cu/Al multilayers without gas phase reaction between the Cu and Al precursors in the reactor, thermal annealing was used to form Cu-Al alloy films with a small Al content fraction. The resistivity of the alloy films was dependent on the Al precursor delivery time and was lower than that of the aluminum-free Cu film. No presence of intermetallic compounds were detected in the alloy films by X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron spectroscopy.

Cathodic protection of steel by electrodeposited zinc-nickel alloy coatings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baldwin, K.R.; Smith, C.J.E. [Defence Research Agency, Farnborough (United Kingdom). Structural Materials Centre; Robinson, M.J. [Cranfield Univ. (United Kingdom). School of Industrial and Manufacturing Science

1995-12-01

The ability of electrodeposited zinc-nickel alloy coatings to cathodically protect steel was studied in dilute chloride solutions. The potential distribution along steel strips partly electroplated with zinc-nickel alloys was determined, and the length of exposed steel that was held below the minimum protection potential (E{sub prot}) was taken as a measure of the level of cathodic protection (CP) provided by the alloy coatings. The level of CP afforded by zinc alloy coatings was found to decrease with increasing nickel content. When nickel content was increased to {approx} {ge} 21 wt%, no CP was obtained. Surface analysis of uncoupled zinc-nickel alloys that were immersed in sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions showed the concentration of zinc decreased in the surface layers while the concentration of nickel increased, indicating that the alloys were susceptible to dezincification. The analysis of zinc-nickel alloy coatings on partly electroplated steel strips that were immersed in chloride solution showed a significantly higher level of dezincification than that found for uncoupled alloy coatings. This effect accounted for the rapid loss of CP afforded to steel by some zinc alloy coatings, particularly those with high initial nickel levels.

Ostwald ripening of decomposed phases in Cu-Ni-Cr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hernandez-Santiago, Felipe; Lopez-Hirata, Victor; Dorantes-Rosales, Hector J.; Saucedo-Munoz, Maribel L.; Gonzalez-Velazquez, Jorge L.; Paniagua-Mercado, Ana Ma.

2008-01-01

A study of the coarsening process of the decomposed phases was carried out in the Cu-34 wt.% Ni-4 wt.% Cr and Cu-45 wt.% Ni-10 wt.% Cr alloys using transmission electron microscopy. As aging progressed, the morphology of the coherent decomposed Ni-rich phase changed from cuboids to platelets aligned in the Cu-rich matrix directions. Prolonged aging caused the loss of coherency between the decomposed phases and the morphology of the Ni-rich phase changed to ellipsoidal. The variation of mean radius of the coherent decomposed phases with aging time followed the modified LSW theory for thermally activated growth in ternary alloy systems. The linear variation of the density number of precipitates and matrix supersaturation with aging time, also confirmed that the coarsening process followed the modified LSW theory in both alloys. The coarsening rate was faster in the symmetrical Cu-45 wt.% Ni-10 wt.% Cr alloy due to its higher volume fraction of precipitates. The activation energy for thermally activated growth was determined to be about 182 and 102 kJ mol -1 in the Cu-34 wt.% Ni-4 wt.% Cr and Cu-45 wt.% Ni-10 wt.% Cr alloys, respectively. The lower energy for the former alloy seems to be related to an increase in the atomic diffusion process as the chromium content increases. The size distributions of precipitates in the Cu-Ni-Cr alloys were broader and more symmetric than that predicted by the modified LSW theory for ternary alloys

Electrodeposition of Cu-In alloys for preparing CuInS sub 2 thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herrero, J; Ortega, J [Inst. de Energias Renovables (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain)

1990-01-01

Copper-indium alloys were prepared by electroplating from citric acid (C{sub 6}H{sub 8}O{sub 7}.H{sub 2}O) baths onto Ti substrate. Formation of the alloys was carried out by direct codeposition of the elements and by sequential electrodeposition of copper and indium. Studies of the alloy formation by electrochemical measurements and X-ray diffraction were performed. The presence of Cu{sub 7}In{sub 4} in direct deposit as well as in sequentially electrodeposited material was observed during the alloy formation. The as-deposited layers were heated in H{sub 2}S. X-ray diffraction showed the annealed layers to be CuInS{sub 2} with the chalcopyrite structure, where the CuIn{sub 5}S{sub 8} phase was included during the annealing process. Photoelectrochemical characterization of the samples allowed us to determine the photoconductivity which is related with the Cu/In ratio in the samples. The energy gap for CuInS{sub 2} photoelectrodes in polysulphide solution was 1.57 Ev. (orig.).

Stress-corrosion cracking characterisation of the advanced aerospace Al–Li 2099-T86 alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goebel, J., E-mail: jannik.goebel@hzg.de; Ghidini, T.; Graham, A.J.

2016-09-15

New alloy developments driven by aircraft industry have identified aluminium lithium (Al–Li) alloys as potential candidates for substitution of incumbent high strength aluminium alloys used for manufacturing spacecraft and launchers. Whereas properties like specific stiffness, strength and toughness are proven as superior when compared to those of currently adopted Al alloys, the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) characteristics are still an open aspect if advanced Al–Li alloys are considered for space structural applications. The present paper provides a comprehensive characterisation of the Al–Li 2099-T86 SCC performances.

Stress-corrosion cracking characterisation of the advanced aerospace Al–Li 2099-T86 alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goebel, J.; Ghidini, T.; Graham, A.J.

2016-01-01

New alloy developments driven by aircraft industry have identified aluminium lithium (Al–Li) alloys as potential candidates for substitution of incumbent high strength aluminium alloys used for manufacturing spacecraft and launchers. Whereas properties like specific stiffness, strength and toughness are proven as superior when compared to those of currently adopted Al alloys, the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) characteristics are still an open aspect if advanced Al–Li alloys are considered for space structural applications. The present paper provides a comprehensive characterisation of the Al–Li 2099-T86 SCC performances.

Surface studies of Os Re W alloy-coated impregnated tungsten cathodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ares Fang, C.S.; Maloney, C.E.

1990-01-01

Impregnated tungsten cathodes half-coated with Re/W (or Os/W) alloy and Os Re W alloy at right angles were studied to compare the effects of Os Re W alloy coatings on the electron emission and emission mechanisms. Constant surface metal compositions of 32% Os--29% Re--39% W and 35% Os--26% Re--39% W were obtained from the activated surfaces initially coated with 40% Os--40% Re--20% W and 35% Os--45% Re--20% W alloys, respectively. Thermionic emission microscopy measurements showed that the Os Re W alloy-coated surface gives an average effective work function of 0.29, 0.08, and 0.03 eV lower than the uncoated, Re/W and Os/W alloy-coated surfaces. An effective work function of 1.73 eV was obtained from an activated Os Re W alloy surface. Auger studies exhibited a smaller BaO coverage and a higher barium coverage in excess of BaO stoichiometry on the Os Re W alloy-coated surface compared to the uncoated, Re/W and Os/W alloy-coated surfaces

Minor-Cu doped soft magnetic Fe-based FeCoBCSiCu amorphous alloys with high saturation magnetization

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yanhui; Wang, Zhenmin; Zhang, Wei

2018-05-01

The effects of Cu alloying on the amorphous-forming ability (AFA) and magnetic properties of the P-free Fe81Co5B11C2Si1 amorphous alloy were investigated. Addition of ≤ 1.0 at.% Cu enhances the AFA of the base alloy without significant deterioration of the soft magnetic properties. The Fe80.5Co5B11C2Si1Cu0.5 alloy with the largest critical thickness for amorphous formation of ˜35 μm possesses a high saturation magnetization (Bs) of ˜1.78 T, low coercivity of ˜14.6 A/m, and good bending ductility upon annealing in a wide temperature range of 513-553 K with maintaining the amorphous state. The fabrication of the new high-Fe-content Fe-Co-B-C-Si-Cu amorphous alloys by minor doping of Cu gives a guideline to developing high Bs amorphous alloys with excellent AFA.

The quasicrystalline phase formation in Al-Cu-Cr alloys produced by mechanical alloying

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sviridova, T.A.; Shevchukov, A.P.; Shelekhov, E.V. [National University of Science and Technology ' MISIS' , Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Diakonov, D.L. [Bardin Central Research Institute for the Iron and Steel Industry, Moscow 105005 (Russian Federation); Tcherdyntsev, V.V.; Kaloshkin, S.D. [National University of Science and Technology ' MISIS' , Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation)

2011-06-15

Research highlights: > Formation of decagonal quasicrystalline phase in Al-Cu-Cr alloys. > Obtained decagonal phase belongs to D{sub 3} family of decagonal quasicrystals. > Decagonal phase has 1.26 nm periodicity along 10-fold axis. > Alloys were produced by combination of mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing. > Phase composition of as-milled powders depending on annealing temperature. - Abstract: Almost single-phase decagonal quasicrystal with periodicity of 1.26 nm along 10-fold axis was produced in Al{sub 69}Cu{sub 21}Cr{sub 10} and Al{sub 72.5}Cu{sub 16.5}Cr{sub 11} alloys using combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and subsequent annealing. Phase transformations of as-milled powders depending on annealing temperature in the range of 200-800 deg. C are examined. Since the transformations can be explained based on kinetic and thermodynamic reasons it seems that applied technique (short preliminary MA followed by the annealing) permits to produce the equilibrium phases rather than metastable ones.

Superplastic forming of rapid solidification processed Al-4Li-0.2Zr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meschter, P.J.; Lederich, R.J.; Sastry, S.M.L.

1987-01-01

Aluminum-4 wt pct lithium alloys are attractive as structural materials because they are 13 to 14 pct less dense and have 25 pct larger elastic moduli than high-strength 2XXX-and 7XXX-series aluminum alloys. These low-density alloys can be produced only by rapid solidification processing (RSP). Successful RSP of Al-4Li-0.2Zr, Al-4Li-1Mg-0.2Zr, and Al-4Li-1Cu-0.2Zr alloys with strengths similar to that of 7075-T76 has recently been demonstrated. Net-shaped processing techniques such as superplastic forming are capable of producing complex structural elements while minimizing usage of expensive material; thus, these techniques are particularly applicable to Al-Li alloys. The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions of strain rate and temperature under which RSP Al-4Li alloys could be superplastically formed

Behavior of tungsten coatings on CuCrZr heat sink with the different interlayers under high heat flux

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chong, F.L.; Chen, J.L.; Li, J.G.; Zheng, X.B.; Hu, D.Y.; Ding, C.X.

2007-01-01

In recent years, tungsten coated CuCrZr by means of vacuum plasma spraying technology was studied at Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP). Plasma spraying technology is a good integration way of armor material and heat sink, which overcomes the disadvantage of heavy weight and poor workability of tungsten, and offers the ability to coat large area, even complex shapes and in situ repair of damaged parts. But tungsten coated CuCrZr is a challenge due to the larger mismatch of their thermal expansion coefficients (CTE), which will induce the stress concentration on the joint interface of plasma facing component. In order to enhance the adhesion of W coating on CuCrZr substrate and avoid the thermal stress concentration, it is necessary to use a compliant interlayer. At present, titanium (Ti), nickel-chromium-aluminum (NiCrAl) alloys and W/Cu mixtures were chosen as the compliant layers to insert between W coating and CuCrZr substrate. The adhesion strength was performed at RT. The behaviors of W/Cu mock up under high heat flux were carried out by means of the electron beam facility with actively cooling. The results indicated that the mock-ups with the interlayer architectures can withstand the higher heat flux compared to that with the sharp interface, which exhibited the effect of interlayers on reducing the maximum stress and enhancing the properties of resistant heat flux load, though the maximum surface temperature increased due to inserting the interlayers. Among three interlayers, W/Cu interlayer was much better due to its good heat removal capability and flexible W/Cu ratios. Meanwhile, the behaviors of W/Cu mock-ups with the different interlayers were analyzed and optimized by ANSYS finite element code. (authors)

Environmental fatigue in aluminum-lithium alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Piascik, Robert S.

1992-01-01

Aluminum-lithium alloys exhibit similar environmental fatigue crack growth characteristics compared to conventional 2000 series alloys and are more resistant to environmental fatigue compared to 7000 series alloys. The superior fatigue crack growth behavior of Al-Li alloys 2090, 2091, 8090, and 8091 is due to crack closure caused by tortuous crack path morphology and crack surface corrosion products. At high R and reduced closure, chemical environment effects are pronounced resulting in accelerated near threshold da/dN. The beneficial effects of crack closure are minimized for small cracks resulting in rapid growth rates. Limited data suggest that the 'chemically small crack' effect, observed in other alloy system, is not pronounced in Al-Li alloys. Modeling of environmental fatigue in Al-Li-Cu alloys related accelerated fatigue crack growth in moist air and salt water to hydrogen embrittlement.

Group 1B organometallic chemistry XXIX. Synthetic and structural aspects of polynuclear arylcopperlithium compounds Ar4Cu2Li2 ('arylcuprates') and interaggregate exchange phenomena in Ar4Cu4/Ar4Li4/Ar4Cu2Li2 systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koten, G. van; Noltes, J.G.

1979-01-01

The thermally stable arylmetal-IB-lithium compounds (2-Me{2}NCHZC{6}H{4}){4}M{2}Li{2} (M = Cu, Ag or Au; Z = H or Me) and (2-Me{2}NC{6}H{4}){4}M{2}Li{2} have been prepared by a 21 molar reaction of the aryllithium compounds with the corresponding metal-IB halide (Cu or Ag) or metal-lB halide

Study On Nanohardness Of Phases Occurring In ZnAl22Cu3 And ZnAl40Cu3 Alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michalik R.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Zn-Al alloys are mainly used due to their high tribological and damping properties. A very important issue is determination of the hardness of the phases present in the Zn-Al-Cu alloys. Unfortunately, in literature there is lack of studies on the hardness of the phases present in the alloys Zn-Al-Cu. The aim of this research was to determine the hardness of the phases present in the ZnAl22Cu3Si and ZnAl40Cu3Si alloys. The scope of the research included examination of the structure, chemical composition of selected micro-regions and hardness of phases present in the examined alloys. The research carried out has shown, that CuZn4 phase is characterized by a similar hardness as the hardness of the interdendritic areas. The phases present in the structure of ZnAl40Cu3 and ZnAl22Cu3 alloys after soaking at the temperature of 185 °C are characterized by lower hardness than the phase present in the structure of the as-cast alloys.

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of spinel Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} by a flameless combustion method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hao, Jiabin; Bai, Hongli; Liu, Jintao; Yang, Fangli; Li, Qiling; Su, Changwei [Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources in Ethnic Regions, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Guo, Junming, E-mail: guojunming@tsinghua.org.cn [Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources in Ethnic Regions, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China)

2016-05-25

A (Li, Cu)-co-doped cathode material Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} was prepared by a flameless combustion synthesis at 500 °C for 3 h and then two-stage calcination at 700 °C for 6 h. Physical and electrochemical performances were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling test, cyclic voltammogram (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to investigate the influence of Li and Cu substitution on the lithium ion batteries. Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} not only exhibited the initial discharge capacity of 106.9 mAh g{sup −1} with a high retention of 89.2% after 500 cycles at 1.0 C but also retained 63.5% capacity after 1500 cycles at 5.0 C. Besides, a good rate capability at different current densities from 0.5 C to 5.0 C can be acquired. The (Li, Cu)-co-doped sample had excellent cycling stability in comparison with the LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cathode. - Highlights: • A (Li, Cu)-co-doped Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} was synthesized by a flameless combustion method. • The (Li, Cu)-co-doped Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} has higher crystallinity. • Low level of Li and Cu doping exhibits better rate capability and cycling performance.

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of surface segregation in Pd–Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, Feng; He, Xiang; Chen, Zhao-Xu; Huang, Yu-Gai

2015-01-01

The knowledge of surface composition and atomic arrangement is prerequisite for understanding of catalytic properties of an alloy catalyst. Gaining such knowledge is rather difficult, especially for those possessing surface segregation. Pd–Cu alloy is used in many fields and possesses surface segregation. In this paper kinetic Monte Carlo method is used to explore the surface composition and structure and to examine the effects of bulk composition and temperature on the surface segregation of Pd–Cu alloys. It is shown that the segregation basically completes within 900 s at 500 K. Below 900 K and within 20 min the enriched surface Cu atoms mainly come from the top five layers. For the first time we demonstrate that there exists a “bulk-inside flocking” or clustering phenomenon (the same component element congregates in bulk) in Pd–Cu alloys. Our results indicate that for alloys with higher Cu content there are small Pd ensembles like monomers, dimers and trimers with contiguous subsurface Pd atoms. - Highlights: • Kinetic Monte Carlo was first used to study surface segregation of Pd–Cu alloys. • Bulk-inside flocking (the same component element congregates in bulk) was observed. • Small Pd ensembles with contiguous subsurface Pd exist on surfaces of Cu-rich alloys

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of surface segregation in Pd–Cu alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cheng, Feng [Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Nanjing University (China); He, Xiang [Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China); Chen, Zhao-Xu, E-mail: zxchen@nju.edu.cn [Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Nanjing University (China); Huang, Yu-Gai [Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Nanjing University (China); JiangSu Second Normal University, Nanjing (China)

2015-11-05

The knowledge of surface composition and atomic arrangement is prerequisite for understanding of catalytic properties of an alloy catalyst. Gaining such knowledge is rather difficult, especially for those possessing surface segregation. Pd–Cu alloy is used in many fields and possesses surface segregation. In this paper kinetic Monte Carlo method is used to explore the surface composition and structure and to examine the effects of bulk composition and temperature on the surface segregation of Pd–Cu alloys. It is shown that the segregation basically completes within 900 s at 500 K. Below 900 K and within 20 min the enriched surface Cu atoms mainly come from the top five layers. For the first time we demonstrate that there exists a “bulk-inside flocking” or clustering phenomenon (the same component element congregates in bulk) in Pd–Cu alloys. Our results indicate that for alloys with higher Cu content there are small Pd ensembles like monomers, dimers and trimers with contiguous subsurface Pd atoms. - Highlights: • Kinetic Monte Carlo was first used to study surface segregation of Pd–Cu alloys. • Bulk-inside flocking (the same component element congregates in bulk) was observed. • Small Pd ensembles with contiguous subsurface Pd exist on surfaces of Cu-rich alloys.

Study on effects of powder and flake chemistry and morphology on the properties of Al-Cu-Mg-X-X-X powder metallurgy advanced aluminum alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Meschter, P. J.; Lederich, R. J.; Oneal, J. E.; Pao, P. S.

1985-01-01

The effects of alloy chemistry and particulate morphology on consolidation behavior and consolidated product properties in rapid solidification processed, powder-metallurgical Al-3Li-1.5Cu-1Mg-0.5Co-0.2Zr and Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg-Fe-Ni-0.2Zr extrusions and forgings were studied. Microstructures and mechanical properties of both alloys are largely unaffected by particulate production method (vacuum atomization, ultrasonic atomization, or twin-roller quenching) and by particulate solidification rates between 1000 and 100,000 K/s. Consolidation processing by canning, cold compaction, degassing, and hot extrusion is sufficient to yield mechanical properties in the non-Li-containing alloy extrusions which are similar to those of 7075-Al, but ductilities and fracture toughnesses are inferior owing to poor interparticle bonding caused by lack of a vacuum-hot-pressing step during consolidation. Mechanical properties of extrusions are superior to those of forgings owing to the stronger textures produced by the more severe hot working during extrusion. The effects on mechanical properties of dispersoid size and volume fraction, substructural refinement, solid solution strengthening by Mg, and precipitate size and distribution are elucidated for both alloy types.

The characteristics of anodic coating of Al-alloy claddings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Yong; Zou Benhui; Guo Hong; Du Yanhua; Bai Zhiyong; Cai Zhenfang

2014-01-01

Aluminum alloy claddings of research reactor fuel elements should be corroded by sodium hydroxide solution and anodized in sulfuric acid solution, but there are often some uneven color phenomena on surfaces, and sometimes regions of 'black and white stripes' appear. In order to study the relationship of colorful stripes on coatings and the surface morphology of aluminum alloy claddings corroded by sodium hydroxide solution, surface microstructures and second phase particles of the aluminum alloy claddings, which were corroded by sodium hydroxide solution, are investigated metallographically and via SEM analysis; Meanwhile, thickness, microstructure, chemical composition and construction of anodic oxidation coatings on aluminum coatings are analyzed. It is shown that: 1) the darker the surface color of corroded aluminum alloy claddings is, the darker of anodic oxidation coating; 2) there are many micro-pores on anodized oxidation coatings, which is much similar to that of corroded aluminum alloy claddings according to the morphology and distribution. So, it can be deduced that the surface morphology of anodic coatings is inherited from the corroded surfaces. (authors)

The study of Zn–Co alloy coatings electrochemically deposited by pulse current

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomić Milorad V.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The electrochemical deposition by pulse current of Zn-Co alloy coatings on steel was examined, with the aim to find out whether pulse plating could produce alloys that could offer a better corrosion protection. The influence of on-time and the average current density on the cathodic current efficiency, coating morphology, surface roughness and corrosion stability in 3% NaCl was examined. At the same Ton/Toff ratio the current efficiency was insignificantly smaller for deposition at higher average current density. It was shown that, depending on the on-time, pulse plating could produce more homogenous alloy coatings with finer morphology, as compared to deposits obtained by direct current. The surface roughness was the greatest for Zn-Co alloy coatings deposited with direct current, as compared with alloy coatings deposited with pulse current, for both examined average current densities. It was also shown that Zn-Co alloy coatings deposited by pulse current could increase the corrosion stability of Zn-Co alloy coatings on steel. Namely, alloy coatings deposited with pulse current showed higher corrosion stability, as compared with alloy coatings deposited with direct current, for almost all examined cathodic times, Ton. Alloy coatings deposited at higher average current density showed greater corrosion stability as compared with coatings deposited by pulse current at smaller average current density. It was shown that deposits obtained with pulse current and cathodic time of 10 ms had the poorest corrosion stability, for both investigated average deposition current density. Among all investigated alloy coatings the highest corrosion stability was obtained for Zn-Co alloy coatings deposited with pulsed current at higher average current density (jav = 4 A dm-2.

Ejection Performance of Coated Core Pins Intended for Application on High Pressure Die Casting Tools for Aluminium Alloys Processing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Terek

2017-09-01

Full Text Available In high pressure die casting (HPDC process of aluminium alloys cast alloy soldering severely damages tool surfaces. It hampers casting ejection, reduces the casting quality and decreases the overall production efficiency. Thin ceramic PVD (physical vapor deposition coatings applied on tool surfaces successfully reduce these effects. However, their performance is still not recognised for surfaces with various topographies. In this investigation, soldering tendency of Al-Si-Cu alloy toward EN X27CrMoV51 steel, plasma nitrided steel, CrN and TiAlN duplex PVD coatings is evaluated using ejection test. The coatings were prepared to a range of surface roughness and topographies. After the tests sample surfaces were analysed by different microscopy techniques and profilometry. It was found that the ejection performance is independent of the chemical composition of investigated materials. After the ejection, the cast alloy soldering layer was found on surfaces of all tested materials. This built-up layer formed by effects of mechanical soldering, without corrosion reactions. Coated samples displayed a pronounced dependence of ejection force on surface roughness and topography. By decreasing roughness, ejection force increased, which is a consequence of intensified adhesion effects. Presented findings are a novel information important for efficient application of PVD coatings intendent for protection of HPDC tools.

Solidified structure of Al-Pb-Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeda, Tetsuyuki; Nishi, Seiki; Kumeuchi, Hiroyuki; Tatsuta, Yoshinori.

1986-01-01

Al-Pb-Cu alloys were cast into bars or plates in different two metal mold casting processes in order to suppress gravity segregation of Pb and to achieve homogeneous dispersion of Pb phase in the alloys. Solidified structures were analyzed by a video-pattern-analyzer. Plate castings 15 to 20 mm in thickness of Al-Pb-1 % Cu alloy containing Pb up to 5 % in which Pb phase particles up to 10 μm disperse are achieved through water cooled metal mold casting. The plates up to 5 mm in thickness containing Pb as much as 8 to 10 % cast in this process have dispersed Pb particles up to 5 μm in diameter in the surface layer. Al-8 % Pb-1 % Cu alloy bars 40 mm in diameter and 180 mm in height in which gravity segregation of Pb is prevented can be cast by movable and water sprayed metal mold casting at casting temperature 920 deg C and mold moving speed 1.0 mm/s. Pb phase particles 10 μm in mean size are dispersed in the bars. (author)

Microstructure and interfacial evaluation of Co-based alloy coating on copper by pulsed Nd:YAG multilayer laser cladding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan Hua; Wang Aihua; Xu Kaidong; Wang Wenyan; Huang Zaowen

2010-01-01

Laser cladding defect-free coatings on copper is rather difficult. The purpose of this study is to fabricate high quality Co-based alloy coating on copper substrate by laser cladding. Powder preplacement with a thickness of 0.7 mm improves the absorptivity of copper substrate to laser effectively and generates defect-free coating. Microstructures, phase constitutions and wear properties are investigated by means of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) with X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as dry sliding wear test. Experimental results show that α-Co solution, Cr 23 C 6 , Ni 17 W 3 and Cr 4 Ni 15 W are the main phases in the Co-based coating. The Ni-based solid solutions (α-Co, Ni) and (Ni, Cu) are formed at interface, which generate metallurgical bonding by diffusion between Co-based coating and copper substrate. The average microhardness of the coating is 478HV 0.1 . Wear resistance of copper is significantly improved by laser cladding Co-based alloy multilayer coating.

Corrosion electrochemical behaviors of silane coating coated magnesium alloy in NaCl solution containing cerium nitrate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luo, F.; Li, Q.; Zhong, X.K.; Gao, H.; Dai, Y.; Chen, F.N. [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing (China)

2012-02-15

Sol-gel coatings cannot provide adequate corrosion protection for metal/alloys in the corrosive environments due to their high crack-forming potential. This paper demonstrates the possibility to employ cerium nitrate as inhibitor to decrease the corrosion development of sol-gel-based silane coating on the magnesium alloy in NaCl solution. Cerium nitrate was added into the NaCl solution where the silane coating coated magnesium alloy was immersed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine surface morphology of the silane coating coated magnesium alloy immersed in NaCl solutions doped and undoped with cerium nitrate. The corrosion electrochemical behaviors were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The results showed that the introduction of cerium nitrate into NaCl solution could effectively inhibit the corrosion of the silane coating coated magnesium alloy. Moreover, the influence of concentration of cerium nitrate on the corrosion inhibition and the possible inhibiting mechanism were also discussed in detail. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Characterization of plasma coated tungsten heavy alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bose, A.; Kapoor, D.; Lankford, J. Jr.; Nicholls, A.E.

1996-01-01

The detrimental environmental impact of Depleted Uranium-based penetrators have led to tremendous development efforts in the area of tungsten heavy alloy based penetrators. One line of investigation involves the coating of tungsten heavy alloys with materials that are prone to shear localization. Plasma spraying of Inconel 718 and 4340 steel have been used to deposit dense coatings on tungsten heavy alloy substrates. The aim of the investigation was to characterize the coating primarily in terms of its microstructure and a special push-out test. The paper describes the results of the push-out tests and analyzes some of the possible failure mechanisms by carrying out microstructural characterization of the failed rings obtained from the push out tests

Crystal Structural Effect of AuCu Alloy Nanoparticles on Catalytic CO Oxidation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhan, Wangcheng; Wang, Jinglin; Wang, Haifeng; Zhang, Jinshui; Liu, Xiaofei

2017-01-01

Controlling the physical and chemical properties of alloy nanoparticles (NPs) is an important approach to optimize NP catalysis. Unlike other tuning knobs, such as size, shape, and composition, crystal structure has received limited attention and not been well understood for its role in catalysis. This deficiency is mainly due to the difficulty in synthesis and fine-tuning of the NPs’ crystal structure. Here, Exemplifying by AuCu alloy NPs with face centered cubic (fcc) and face centered tetragonal (fct) structure, we demonstrate a remarkable difference in phase segregation and catalytic performance depending on the crystal structure. During the thermal treatment in air, the Cu component in fcc-AuCu alloy NPs segregates more easily onto the alloy surface as compared to that in fct-AuCu alloy NPs. As a result, after annealing at 250 °C in air for 1 h, the fcc- and fct-AuCu alloy NPs are phase transferred into Au/CuO and AuCu/CuO core/shell structures, respectively. More importantly, this variation in heterostructures introduces a significant difference in CO adsorption on two catalysts, leading to a largely enhanced catalytic activity of AuCu/CuO NP catalyst for CO oxidation. Furthermore, the same concept can be extended to other alloy NPs, making it possible to fine-tune NP catalysis for many different chemical reactions.

Crystal Structural Effect of AuCu Alloy Nanoparticles on Catalytic CO Oxidation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhan, Wangcheng [East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Wang, Jinglin [East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Wang, Haifeng [East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Zhang, Jinshui [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Liu, Xiaofei [East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Zhang, Pengfei [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Chi, Miaofang [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Guo, Yanglong [East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Guo, Yun [East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Lu, Guanzhong [East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Sun, Shouheng [Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States); Dai, Sheng [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Zhu, Huiyuan [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

2017-06-07

Controlling the physical and chemical properties of alloy nanoparticles (NPs) is an important approach to optimize NP catalysis. Unlike other tuning knobs, such as size, shape, and composition, crystal structure has received limited attention and not been well understood for its role in catalysis. This deficiency is mainly due to the difficulty in synthesis and fine-tuning of the NPs’ crystal structure. Here, Exemplifying by AuCu alloy NPs with face centered cubic (fcc) and face centered tetragonal (fct) structure, we demonstrate a remarkable difference in phase segregation and catalytic performance depending on the crystal structure. During the thermal treatment in air, the Cu component in fcc-AuCu alloy NPs segregates more easily onto the alloy surface as compared to that in fct-AuCu alloy NPs. As a result, after annealing at 250 °C in air for 1 h, the fcc- and fct-AuCu alloy NPs are phase transferred into Au/CuO and AuCu/CuO core/shell structures, respectively. More importantly, this variation in heterostructures introduces a significant difference in CO adsorption on two catalysts, leading to a largely enhanced catalytic activity of AuCu/CuO NP catalyst for CO oxidation. Furthermore, the same concept can be extended to other alloy NPs, making it possible to fine-tune NP catalysis for many different chemical reactions.

Direct preparation of Al-base alloys from their oxides/metal precursors in the eutectic LiCl–KCl melt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao, Bingliang; Zhu, Hao; Xia, Yuxiang; Shi, Zhongning; Hu, Xianwei; Wang, Zhaowen

2016-01-01

A study was carried out on the preparation of Al–Cu–Li alloy from their oxides/metal precursors using the method of electro-deoxidation in the eutectic LiCl–KCl melt at 648 K. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the system. The samples were prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis at −1.0 V to −2.0 V (vs. Ag + /Ag) for 5 h. XRD analysis shows that Li 2 O is not electrochemically reduced to Li at −1.0 V (vs. Ag + /Ag) or more negative potential. During the preparation process of Al–Cu–Li alloy, lithium peroxide is formed as an intermediate compound. Al–Cu–Li alloy is chemically prepared through the reaction between aluminum and lithium peroxide by heating of Al–Cu–Li 2 O precursors in KCl–LiCl–LiF melt at 1023 K. Eelectro-deoxidation in LiCl–KCl melt can increase the lithium content in the final alloy product. Al–Mg and Al–Nd alloy were also prepared by using the same method from their mixture of aluminum and corresponding oxide, respectively. Al–Nd alloy can only be obtained at the temperature above 773 K. Al–Li alloy could not be obtained in eutectic CaCl 2 –LiCl melt because of formation of calcium aluminates. - Highlights: • Al–Cu–Li alloy was prepared using electrochemical deoxidation of Al–Cu–Li 2 O precursor in eutectic KCl–LiCl melt at 648 K. • Al–Nd alloy was successfully produced by the same method at 773 K. • CaCl 2 –LiCl melt is not a good choice for preparing Al–Li alloy because of formation of calcium aluminate.

Direct preparation of Al-base alloys from their oxides/metal precursors in the eutectic LiCl–KCl melt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Bingliang, E-mail: blgao@mail.neu.edu.cn; Zhu, Hao; Xia, Yuxiang; Shi, Zhongning; Hu, Xianwei; Wang, Zhaowen

2016-04-25

A study was carried out on the preparation of Al–Cu–Li alloy from their oxides/metal precursors using the method of electro-deoxidation in the eutectic LiCl–KCl melt at 648 K. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the system. The samples were prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis at −1.0 V to −2.0 V (vs. Ag{sup +}/Ag) for 5 h. XRD analysis shows that Li{sub 2}O is not electrochemically reduced to Li at −1.0 V (vs. Ag{sup +}/Ag) or more negative potential. During the preparation process of Al–Cu–Li alloy, lithium peroxide is formed as an intermediate compound. Al–Cu–Li alloy is chemically prepared through the reaction between aluminum and lithium peroxide by heating of Al–Cu–Li{sub 2}O precursors in KCl–LiCl–LiF melt at 1023 K. Eelectro-deoxidation in LiCl–KCl melt can increase the lithium content in the final alloy product. Al–Mg and Al–Nd alloy were also prepared by using the same method from their mixture of aluminum and corresponding oxide, respectively. Al–Nd alloy can only be obtained at the temperature above 773 K. Al–Li alloy could not be obtained in eutectic CaCl{sub 2}–LiCl melt because of formation of calcium aluminates. - Highlights: • Al–Cu–Li alloy was prepared using electrochemical deoxidation of Al–Cu–Li{sub 2}O precursor in eutectic KCl–LiCl melt at 648 K. • Al–Nd alloy was successfully produced by the same method at 773 K. • CaCl{sub 2}–LiCl melt is not a good choice for preparing Al–Li alloy because of formation of calcium aluminate.

Wetting of molybdenum with molten Cu-O alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yupko, V.L.; Garbuz, V.V.; Kryuchkova, N.I.

1992-01-01

The Cu-O alloys were prepared from type MOb copper (GOST 859-78) with an oxygen content of 0.001 wt.% and type ChDA cuprous oxide (MRTU 6-09-1451-64), the powder of which was first pressed into briquettes. The weighted portions of Cu 2 O were weighed on an Elektrobalans scale having an absolute error of ±5 · 10 -7 g. The relative error in weighing an approximately 1 · 10 -4 g weighed portion of Cu 2 O for preparation of the alloy with the minimum oxygen content of 0.002% was, therefore, ± 0.5% and consequently for the alloys with a higher oxygen content the accuracy was higher. The alloys were prepared on a ZrO 2 + 5% Y 2 O 3 ceramic at 1,420 K in a vacuum of 6.7 · 10 -3 Pa,d their weight was 1.0-1.5 g, and the melting time 30 sec. The pure type MOb copper was remelted in the same manner. The time relationships of the angle of wetting of molybdenum by molten Cu-O alloys under conditions of combined heating are given. With an increase in oxygen content from 0.004 to 0.005%, wetting drops sharply

Enhanced high temperature performance of LiMn2O4 coated with ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Cathode material, LiMn2O4, was synthesized by solid-state reaction followed by surface coating of. Li3BO3 solid ... date material for lithium ion battery due to its high voltage, ... coating of LiMn2O4 with various protective layers as Cr2O3.

Structural stability and self-healing capability of Er2O3 in situ coating on V-4Cr-4Ti in liquid lithium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yao, Zhenyu; Suzuki, Akihiro; Muroga, Takeo; Nagasaka, Takuya

2006-01-01

The in situ Er 2 O 3 insulating coating is under development for the self-cooled Li/V-alloy type fusion blanket. In this study, the structural stability and self-healing capability of the coating are investigated. Since the cracking in the coating was not observed after exposure when Li was removed with a weak lotion (liquid NH 3 ), the cracking observed in the previous studies is not a practical issue in a real blanket. The re-exposure of the coating in pure Li showed that the coating once formed in Li (Er) is thought to be stable in pure Li. Thus, coating has the possibility to be serviced in a Li environment without an Er supply. By prior exposure to Li (Er) at 873 K, the exhaustion of the oxygen storage in V-alloy substrate during exposure at 973 K could be delayed effectively. The self-healing capability of the coating was demonstrated by the examination with the re-exposing cracked coating in Li (Er)

Wear behavior of Cu-Ag-Cr alloy wire under electrical sliding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jia, S.G.; Liu, P.; Ren, F.Z.; Tian, B.H.; Zheng, M.S.; Zhou, G.S.

2005-01-01

The wear behavior of a Cu-Ag-Cr alloy contact wire against a copper-base sintered alloy strip was investigated. Wear tests were conducted under laboratory conditions with a special sliding wear apparatus that simulated train motion under electrical current conditions. The initial microstructure of the Cu-Ag-Cr alloy contact wire was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Worn surfaces of the Cu-Ag-Cr alloy wire were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The results indicate that the wear rate of the Cu-Ag-Cr wire increased with increasing electrical current and sliding. Within the studied range of electrical current, the wear rate increases with increasing electrical current and sliding speed. Compared with the Cu-Ag contact wire under the same testing conditions, the Cu-Ag-Cr alloy wire has much better wear resistance. Adhesive, abrasive, and electrical erosion wear are the dominant mechanisms during the electrical sliding processes

Evaluation of thermal conductivity for liquid lead lithium alloys at various Li concentrations based on measurement and evaluation of density, thermal diffusivity and specific heat of alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kondo, Masatoshi, E-mail: kondo.masatoshi@nr.titech.ac.jp [Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 (Japan); Nakajima, Yuu; Tsuji, Mitsuyo [Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); Nozawa, Takashi [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Rokkasyo-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212 (Japan)

2016-11-01

Graphical abstract: Thermal diffusivities and thermal conductivities of liquid Pb–Li alloys (Pb–5Li, Pb–11Li and Pb–17Li). - Highlights: • The densities and specific heats of liquid Pb–Li alloys are evaluated based on the previous studies, and mathematically expressed in the equations with the functions of temperature and Li concentration. • The thermal diffusivities of liquid Pb–Li alloys (i.e., Pb–5Li, Pb–11Li and Pb–17Li) are obtained by laser flash method, and mathematically expressed in the equations with the functions of temperature and Li concentration. • The thermal conductivities of liquid Pb–Li alloys were evaluated and mathematically expressed in the equations with the functions of temperature and Li concentration. - Abstract: The thermophysical properties of lead lithium alloy (Pb–Li) are essential for the design of liquid Pb–Li blanket system. The purpose of the present study is to make clear the density, the thermal diffusivity and the heat conductivity of the alloys as functions of temperature and Li concentration. The densities of the solid alloys were measured by means of the Archimedean method. The densities of the alloys at 300 K as a function of Li concentration (0 at% < χ{sub Li} < 28 at%) were obtained in the equation as ρ{sub (300} {sub K)} [g/cm{sup 3}] = −6.02 × 10{sup −2} × χ{sub Li} + 11.3. The density of the liquid alloys was formulated as functions of temperature and Li concentration (0 at% < χ{sub Li} < 30 at%), and expressed in the equation as ρ [g/cm{sup 3}] = (9.00 × 10{sup −6} × T − 7.01 × 10{sup −2}) × χ{sub Li} + 11.4 − 1.19 × 10{sup −3}T. The thermal diffusivity of Pb, Pb–5Li, Pb–11Li and Pb–17Li were measured by means of laser flash method. The thermal diffusivity of Pb–17Li was obtained in the equation as α{sub Pb–17Li} [cm{sup 2}/s] = 3.46 × 10{sup −4}T + 1.05 × 10{sup −1} for the temperature range between 573 K and 773 K. The thermal conductivity of

Controlled reactions between chromia and coating on alloy surface

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Linderoth, Søren

1996-01-01

An electrically conducting Sr-doped lanthanum chromite (LSC) coating has been produced by reacting a coating of fine particles of La oxide and Sr oxide with chromia formed as an external scale on a metallic alloy. In addition to the formation of LSC the coating also resulted in much reduced...... buckling of the underlying chromia layer compared with a non-coated alloy....

Crystallization-induced plasticity of Cu-Zr containing bulk amorphous alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Seok-Woo; Huh, Moo-Young; Fleury, Eric; Lee, Jae-Chul

2006-01-01

This study examined the parameter governing the plasticity observed in various Cu-Zr containing monolithic amorphous alloys. All the alloys were fully amorphous in their as-cast condition but exhibited different plastic strains. Microscopic observations of the quasi-statically compressed alloys showed abundant nanocrystallites in the amorphous matrices in the alloys that exhibited pronounced plasticity. On the other hand, insignificant changes in the microstructure were observed in the alloy that did not show plasticity. The mechanism for the formation of these deformation-induced nanocrystallites was examined from the viewpoints of thermodynamics and kinetics. The role of the deformation-induced nanocrystallites on the plasticity of the amorphous alloy was examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that compressive loading facilitates nanocrystallization in monolithic Cu-Zr containing amorphous alloys, resulting in plasticity. The parameter governing the plasticity in these monolithic Cu-Zr containing amorphous alloys lies in the activation energy for the overall crystallization process

Impact toughness of laser alloyed aluminium AA1200 alloys

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mabhali, Luyolo AB

2013-08-01

Full Text Available ),. 559-563. [2] T. Tomida, K. Nakata, S. Saji, T. Kubo, T, Formation of metal matrix composite layer on aluminium alloy with TiC-Cu powder by laser surface alloying process; Surface and Coatings Technology; vol. 142-144, 2001, 585-589. [3] L. A. B...

Diffusivities and atomic mobilities in Cu-rich fcc Al-Cu-Mn alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yin, Ming; Du, Yong; Cui, Senlin; Xu, Honghui; Liu, Shuhong [Central South Univ., Changsha (China). State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy; Zhang, Lijun [Bochum Univ. (DE). Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS)

2012-07-15

Via solid-solid diffusion couples, electron probe microanalysis and the Whittle and Green method, interdiffusivities in fcc Al-Cu-Mn alloys at 1 123 K were measured. The reliability of the obtained diffusivities is validated by comparing the computed diffusivities with literature data plus constraints among the diffusivities. Through assessments of experimentally determined diffusion coefficients by means of a diffusion-controlled transformations simulation package, the atomic mobilities of Al, Cu, and Mn in fcc Al-Cu-Mn alloys are obtained. Comprehensive comparisons between the model-predicted and the experimental data indicate that the presently obtained atomic mobilities can reproduce most of the diffusivities, concentration profiles, and diffusion paths reasonably. (orig.)

Cr-Ni ALLOY ELECTRODEPOSITION AND COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL PURE Cr COATING TECHNIQUE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Moniruzzaman

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Cr coating is widely used as the outer surface of precision parts due to its attractive appearance and superior corrosion resistance properties. It is obtained by electrodeposition via a conventional bath with hexavalent Cr ions. This manufacturing technique has many drawbacks, such as very low efficiency and high operating temperature and it is hazardous to health. In this work, we studied a Cr-Ni alloy deposition technique and compared the alloy coating properties to those with conventional Cr coating. Sequential two-step alloy electrodeposition was also compared. We took varying concentrations of Cr, Ni and complexing agents for the electrodeposition of Cr-Ni alloy and sequential Cr-Ni alloy coating on mild steel. Operating parameters, i.e. current density and temperature, were varied to examine their effects on the coating properties. The coatings thus obtained were characterized by visual observation, corrosion test, microhardness measurement, morphology and chemical analysis. The Cr-Ni alloy coating was found to be more corrosion resistant in 5% NaCl solution and harder than the pure Cr coating obtained by conventional electrodeposition. Toxic gas was produced in a much lower extent in the alloy coating than the conventional Cr coating technique. Again, the two-step Cr-Ni alloy coating was found better in terms of corrosion resistance as well as hardness compared to the Cr-Ni alloy coating. The process was also found to be much more environmentally friendly.

Microstructural characterization of alloys of the quasibinary Cu-NiBe system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spaic, S.; Markoli, B. [Univ. of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering, Ljubljana (Slovenia)

2003-08-01

Alloys of the quasibinary section Cu-NiBe were experimentally investigated with differential thermal analysis, optical microscopy, electron microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The construction of the quasibinary Cu-NiBe phase diagram was made based on the experimental results. The constitution of alloys of the whole section was studied along with the investigation of the microstructure and crystallographic relationship of the NiBe phase in aged alloys from the Cu-rich corner of the Cu-NiBe system. (orig.)

Precipitation of T1 and θ′ Phase in Al-4Cu-1Li-0.25Mn During Age Hardening: Microstructural Investigation and Phase-Field Simulation

Science.gov (United States)

Häusler, Ines; Schwarze, Christian; Bilal, Muhammad Umer; Valencia Ramirez, Daniela; Hetaba, Walid; Darvishi Kamachali, Reza; Skrotzki, Birgit

2017-01-01

Experimental and phase field studies of age hardening response of a high purity Al-4Cu-1Li-0.25Mn-alloy (mass %) during isothermal aging are conducted. In the experiments, two hardening phases are identified: the tetragonal θ′ (Al2Cu) phase and the hexagonal T1 (Al2CuLi) phase. Both are plate shaped and of nm size. They are analyzed with respect to the development of their size, number density and volume fraction during aging by applying different analysis techniques in TEM in combination with quantitative microstructural analysis. 3D phase-field simulations of formation and growth of θ′ phase are performed in which the full interfacial, chemical and elastic energy contributions are taken into account. 2D simulations of T1 phase are also investigated using multi-component diffusion without elasticity. This is a first step toward a complex phase-field study of T1 phase in the ternary alloy. The comparison between experimental and simulated data shows similar trends. The still unsaturated volume fraction indicates that the precipitates are in the growth stage and that the coarsening/ripening stage has not yet been reached. PMID:28772481

Stability of Cu-Precipitates in Al-Cu Alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Torsten E. M. Staab

2018-06-01

Full Text Available We present first principle calculations on formation and binding energies for Cu and Zn as solute atoms forming small clusters up to nine atoms in Al-Cu and Al-Zn alloys. We employ a density-functional approach implemented using projector-augmented waves and plane wave expansions. We find that some structures, in which Cu atoms are closely packed on {100}-planes, turn out to be extraordinary stable. We compare the results with existing numerical or experimental data when possible. We find that Cu atoms precipitating in the form of two-dimensional platelets on {100}-planes in the fcc aluminum are more stable than three-dimensional structures consisting of the same number of Cu-atoms. The preference turns out to be opposite for Zn in Al. Both observations are in agreement with experimental observations.

Green luminescence from Cu-diffused LiGaO2 crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holston, M.S.; Ferguson, I.P.; Giles, N.C.; McClory, J.W.; Winarski, D.J.; Ji, Jianfeng; Selim, F.A.; Halliburton, L.E.

2016-01-01

An intense green luminescence is observed from single crystals of LiGaO 2 doped with copper. Czochralski-grown undoped crystals are wrapped in thin copper foil and then held at 900 °C for 1 h in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. Large concentrations of Cu + ions enter the crystals during this process and occupy Li + sites. These copper-diffused crystals are characterized with optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), thermoluminescence (TL), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). An optical absorption band peaking near 350 nm is assigned to the Cu + ions at Li + sites and represents an excitation from a 3d 10 ground state to a 3d 9 4s 1 excited state. A broad PL emission from these excited Cu + ions has a peak near 523 nm and the related PLE band has a peak near 356 nm (this PLE band links the emission to the optical absorption band). Illuminating a Cu-diffused crystal at room temperature with 325 nm laser light converts a portion of the Cu + ions to Cu 2+ ions. EPR spectra from these 3d 9 ions are easily seen at low temperatures and their angular dependence is used to determine the g matrix and the 63 Cu hyperfine matrix. Subsequent heating produces a TL peak near 122 °C with a maximum in its spectral dependence near 535 nm. Correlated EPR measurements show that this TL peak occurs when trapped electrons are thermally released from unintentionally present transition-metal ions (most likely Fe) and recombine with holes at the Cu 2+ ions.

Retention and release of tritium in aluminum clad, Al-Li alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Louthan, M.R. Jr.

1991-01-01

Tritium retention in and release from aluminum clad, aluminum-lithium alloys is modeled from experimental and operational data developed during the thirty plus years of tritium production at the Savannah River Site. The model assumes that tritium atoms, formed by the 6 Li(n,α) 3 He reaction, are produced in solid solution in the Al-Li alloy. Because of the low solubility of hydrogen isotopes in aluminum alloys, the irradiated Al-Li rapidly becomes supersaturated in tritium. Newly produced tritium atoms are trapped by lithium atoms to form a lithium tritide. The effective tritium pressure required for trap or tritide stability is the equilibrium decomposition pressure of tritium over a lithium tritide-aluminum mixture. The temperature dependence of tritium release is determined by the permeability of the cladding to tritium and the local equilibrium at the trap sites. This model is used to calculate tritium release from aluminum clad, aluminum-lithium alloys. 9 refs., 3 figs

Mechanical property, biocorrosion and in vitro biocompatibility evaluations of Mg-Li-(Al)-(RE) alloys for future cardiovascular stent application.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, W R; Zheng, Y F; Leeflang, M A; Zhou, J

2013-11-01

Mg-Li-based alloys were investigated for future cardiovascular stent application as they possess excellent ductility. However, Mg-Li binary alloys exhibited reduced mechanical strengths due to the presence of lithium. To improve the mechanical strengths of Mg-Li binary alloys, aluminum and rare earth (RE) elements were added to form Mg-Li-Al ternary and Mg-Li-Al-RE quarternary alloys. In the present study, six Mg-Li-(Al)-(RE) alloys were fabricated. Their microstructures, mechanical properties and biocorrosion behavior were evaluated by using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, tensile tests, immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. Microstructure characterization indicated that grain sizes were moderately refined by the addition of rare earth elements. Tensile testing showed that enhanced mechanical strengths were obtained, while electrochemical and immersion tests showed reduced corrosion resistance caused by intermetallic compounds distributed throughout the magnesium matrix in the rare-earth-containing Mg-Li alloys. Cytotoxicity assays, hemolysis tests as well as platelet adhesion tests were performed to evaluate in vitro biocompatibilities of the Mg-Li-based alloys. The results of cytotoxicity assays clearly showed that the Mg-3.5Li-2Al-2RE, Mg-3.5Li-4Al-2RE and Mg-8.5Li-2Al-2RE alloys suppressed vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation after 5day incubation, while the Mg-3.5Li, Mg-8.5Li and Mg-8.5Li-1Al alloys were proven to be tolerated. In the case of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the Mg-Li-based alloys showed no significantly reduced cell viabilities except for the Mg-8.5Li-2Al-2RE alloy, with no obvious differences in cell viability between different culture periods. With the exception of Mg-8.5Li-2Al-2RE, all of the other Mg-Li-(Al)-(RE) alloys exhibited acceptable hemolysis ratios, and no sign of thrombogenicity was found. These in vitro experimental results indicate the potential of Mg-Li

High-temperature deformation of dispersion-strengthened Cu-Zr-Ti-C alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palma, Rodrigo H.; Sepulveda, Aquiles; Espinoza, Rodrigo; Dianez, M. Jesus; Criado, Jose M.; Sayagues, M. Jesus

2005-01-01

The hot mechanical behaviour and microstructure of Cu-5 vol.% TiC, Cu-5 vol.% ZrO 2 and Cu-2.5 vol.% TiC-2.5 vol.% ZrO 2 alloys prepared by reaction milling were studied. After a test of 1 h annealing at 1173 K, the Cu-5 vol.% ZrO 2 alloy presented the lower softening resistance to annealing, while the other two ones kept their initial room-temperature hardness (about 2 GPa). Hot-compression tests at 773 and 1123 K, at initial true strain rates of 0.85 x 10 -3 and 0.85 x 10 -4 s -1 were performed. The Cu-2.5 vol.% TiC-2.5 vol.% ZrO 2 and the Cu-5 vol.% ZrO 2 alloys were the strongest and softest materials, respectively. Moreover, by electron microscopy, nanometric TiC and micrometric particles were detected in the Cu-5 vol.% TiC and Cu-5 vol.% ZrO 2 alloys, respectively. A possible explanation for the observed behaviour of these materials is proposed. In the compression tests, it was also found that strain rate has a low effect on flow stress, as it has been previously observed by various authors in dispersion-strengthened alloys deformed at high temperatures

Hidroxyapatite Coating on CoCrMo Alloy Titanium Nitride Coated Using Biomimetic Method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Charlena; Sukaryo, S.G.; Fajar, M.

2016-01-01

Bone implants is a way to cure broken bones which is being developed. The implants can be made of metals, ceramics and polymers. Metallic materials commonly used are titanium (Ti), stainless steel, and metal alloys. This study used Co-based alloys, i.e. CoCrMo coated with titanium nitride (TiN) which was then coated on hidroxyapatite (HAp). The HAp coating on the surface of CoCrMo alloy was done by biomimetic methods, first by soaking the metal alloys in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 18, 24, and 36 hours. The immersion in the SBF solution produced white coat on the surface of the metal alloy. The layers formed were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Based on the SEM results of 36 hours treatment, the morphology of apatite crystal formed fine grains. According to XRD result, there were HAp peaks at angles 2θ 31.86, 32.25, dan 39.48. However, there were also CaCO 3 peaks at angles 2θ 29.46, 36.04, and 46.79. It indicated the pure HAp is not yet formed. (paper)

Hidroxyapatite Coating on CoCrMo Alloy Titanium Nitride Coated Using Biomimetic Method

Science.gov (United States)

Charlena; Sukaryo, S. G.; Fajar, M.

2016-11-01

Bone implants is a way to cure broken bones which is being developed. The implants can be made of metals, ceramics and polymers. Metallic materials commonly used are titanium (Ti), stainless steel, and metal alloys. This study used Co-based alloys, i.e. CoCrMo coated with titanium nitride (TiN) which was then coated on hidroxyapatite (HAp). The HAp coating on the surface of CoCrMo alloy was done by biomimetic methods, first by soaking the metal alloys in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 18, 24, and 36 hours. The immersion in the SBF solution produced white coat on the surface of the metal alloy. The layers formed were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Based on the SEM results of 36 hours treatment, the morphology of apatite crystal formed fine grains. According to XRD result, there were HAp peaks at angles 2θ 31.86, 32.25, dan 39.48. However, there were also CaCO3 peaks at angles 2θ 29.46, 36.04, and 46.79. It indicated the pure HAp is not yet formed.

A surface-analytical examination of stringer particles in aluminum-lithium-copper alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Larson, L. A.; Avalos-Borja, M.; Pizzo, P. P.

1984-01-01

A surface analytical examination of powder metallurgy processed Al-Li-Cu alloys was conducted. The oxide stringer particles often found in these alloys are characterized. Particle characterization is important to more fully understand their impact on the stress corrosion and fracture properties of the alloy. The techniques used where SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) and SAM (Scanning Auger Microscopy). The results indicate that the oxide stringer particles contain both Al and LI with relatively high Li content and the Li compounds may be associated with the stringer particles, thereby locally depleting the adjacent matrix of Li solute.

Quality analysis of the Al-Si-Cu alloy castings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.A. Dobrzański

2007-04-01

Full Text Available The developed design methodologies both the material and technological ones will make it possible to improve shortly the quality of materials from the light alloys in the technological process, and the automatic process flow correction will make the production cost reduction possible, and - first of all - to reduce the amount of the waste products. Method was developed for analysis of the casting defects images obtained with the X-ray detector analysis of the elements made from the Al-Si-Cu alloys of the AC-AlSi7Cu3Mg type as well as the method for classification of casting defects using the artificial intelligence tools, including the neural networks; the developed method was implemented as software programs for quality control. Castings were analysed in the paper of car engine blocks and heads from the Al-Si-Cu alloys of the AC-AlSi7Cu3Mg type fabricated with the “Cosworth” technological process. The computer system, in which the artificial neural networks as well as the automatic image analysis methods were used makes automatic classification possible of defects occurring in castings from the Al-Si-Cu alloys, assisting and automating in this way the decisions about rejection of castings which do not meet the defined quality requirements, and therefore ensuring simultaneously the repeatability and objectivity of assessment of the metallurgical quality of these alloys.

The complex structure of liquid Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qin Jingyu; Gu Tingkun; Bian Xiufang [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Southern Campus, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Hui [Shandong High Performance Computing Center, Shandong University, Southern Campus, Jinan 250061 (China)

2009-04-15

By applying ab initio molecular dynamics simulation to liquid Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} alloy, the hetero-coordination tendency is discovered by Bathia-Thornton partial correlation functions and a chemical short-range parameter. However the local structural environment of Sn in l-Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} alloy resembles that of liquid Sn by Voronoi analysis. A new feature, i.e. a subpeak in between the first and second peaks, is discovered by the present method which implies that topologically disordered {beta}-Sn-type structural units may exist in l-Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} alloy. The local density states of electrons show that both Cu-Sn and Sn-Sn bonding exist in l-Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} alloy. This work suggests that chemical short-range order between unlike atoms and self-coordination between Sn atoms coexists in l-Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} alloy.

Luminescence characteristics and glow curves analysis of Cu"+ doped Li_3PO_4 phosphor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aghalte, G.A.; Dhoble, S.J.; Pawar, N.R.

2016-01-01

Li_3PO_4:Cu exhibits useful TL properties in personnel dosimetry of ionizing radiations. Cu is known to be one of the most efficient activator. The PL intensity is found to increase consistently with the increasing quenching temperature. Cu"+ doped Li_3PO_4 phosphor was synthesized by the wet chemical co-precipitation method. The crystal structure and particle morphology of the phosphor was investigated by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Li_3PO_4:Cu is excellent phosphor for TL dosimetry. For the synthesis of Li_3PO_4:Cu phosphor the stoichiometric amounts of LiOH·H_2O and CuSO_4·"5H_2O were dissolved separately and then the solutions were mixed together. It was precipitated by using concentrated H_3PO_4. The precipitate was filtered out immediately and kept 12 hours below IR lamp. Prepared dry Li_3PO_4:Cu powder was then put on 2.5 wt% NH_4Cl in graphite crucible in preheated furnace at 800°C and was kept for 1 hour. It was then rapidly quenched to room temperature. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves were recorded on Nucleonix TL Reader with a heating rate of 2°C per second in the temperature range of 50-250°C. The PMT voltage was 750 volts. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried out by Hitachi F-4000 spectrophotometer with a spectral slit width of 1.5 nm

Phase evolution and thermal stability of 2 Mg–Cu alloys processed by mechanical alloying

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martínez, C., E-mail: carola.martinezu@usach.cl [Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Casilla de correo 10233, Santiago (Chile); Ordoñez, S., E-mail: stella.ordonez@usach.cl [Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Casilla de correo 10233, Santiago (Chile); Guzmán, D. [Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Atacama y CRIDESAT, Av. Copayapu 485, Casilla de Correo 240, Copiapó (Chile); Serafini, D. [Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Casilla de correo 307, Santiago (Chile); Iturriza, I. [CEIT, Manuel de Lardizábal 15, 20018 San Sebastián, España (Spain); Bustos, O. [Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Casilla de correo 10233, Santiago (Chile)

2013-12-25

Highlights: •Study of phase evolution of elemental powders Mg and Cu by mechanical alloying. •The presence of an amorphous precursor which crystallizes to Mg{sub 2}Cu can be observed. •Establishing the sequence of phase transformations leading to the formation of Mg{sub 2}Cu. •The feasibility to obtain Mg{sub 2}Cu by means two possible routes has been established. -- Abstract: Phase evolution during mechanical alloying (MA) of elemental Mg and Cu powders and their subsequent heat treatment is studied. Elemental Mg and Cu powders in a 2:1 atomic ratio were mechanically alloyed in a SPEX 8000D mill using a 10:1 ball-to-powder ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the formation of the intermetallic Mg{sub 2}Cu takes place between 3 and 4 h of milling, although traces of elemental Cu are still present after 10 h of milling. The thermal behavior of different powder mixtures was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The combination of DSC, heat treatment and XRD has shown a sequence of phase transformations that results in the intermetallic Mg{sub 2}Cu from an amorphous precursor. This amorphous phase is converted into Mg{sub 2}Cu by heating at low temperature (407 K). Short MA times and the formation of the amorphous precursor, together with its subsequent transformation into Mg{sub 2}Cu at low temperatures; represent an advantageous alternative route for its preparation.

Minor-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys with high hardness and electric conductivity designed by a cluster formula approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dongmei Li

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Cu-Ni-Si alloys are widely used due to their good electrical conductivities in combination with high strength and hardness. In the present work, minor-alloying with M = (Cr, Fe, Mo, Zr was conducted for the objective of further improving their hardness while maintaining their conductivity level. A cluster-plus-glue-atom model was introduced to design the compositions of M-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys, in which an ideal composition formula [(Ni,Si,M-Cu12]Cu3 (molar proportion was proposed. To guarantee the complete precipitation of solute elements in fine δ-Ni2Si precipitates, the atomic ratio of (Ni,M/Si was set as 2/1. Thus the designed alloy series of Cu93.75(Ni/Zr3.75Si2.08(Cr/Fe/Mo0.42 (at% were arc-melted into ingots under argon atmosphere, and solid-solutioned at 950 °C for 1 h plus water quenching and then aged at 450 °C for different hours. The experimental results showed that these designed alloys exhibit high hardness (HV > 1.7 GPa and good electrical conductivities (≥ 35% IACS. Specifically, the quinary Cu93.75Ni3.54Si2.08(Cr/Fe0.42Zr0.21 alloys (Cu-3.32Ni-0.93Si-0.37(Cr/Fe−0.30Zr wt% possess both a high hardness with HV = 2.5–2.7 GPa, comparable to the high-strength KLFA85 alloy (Cu-3.2Ni-0.7Si-1.1Zn wt%, HV = 2.548 GPa, and a good electrical conductivity (35–36% IACS.

Hydroxyapatite coating by biomimetic method on titanium alloy ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science; Volume 28; Issue 6. Hydroxyapatite coating by biomimetic method on titanium alloy using concentrated SBF. S Bharati M K Sinha ... Optical microscopic and SEM observations revealed the deposition of Ca–P layer on the titanium alloy by both the methods. Thickness of coating ...

Constitutive Model for Hot Deformation of the Cu-Zr-Ce Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yi; Sun, Huili; Volinsky, Alex A.; Wang, Bingjie; Tian, Baohong; Liu, Yong; Song, Kexing

2018-02-01

Hot compressive deformation behavior of the Cu-Zr-Ce alloy has been investigated according to the hot deformation tests in the 550-900 °C temperature range and 0.001-10 s-1 strain rate range. Based on the true stress-true strain curves, the flow stress behavior of the Cu-Zr-Ce alloy was investigated. Microstructure evolution was observed by optical microscopy. Based on the experimental results, a constitutive equation, which reflects the relationships between the stress, strain, strain rate and temperature, has been established. Material constants n, α, Q and ln A were calculated as functions of strain. The equation predicting the flow stress combined with these materials constants has been proposed. The predicted stress is consistent with experimental stress, indicating that developed constitutive equation can adequately predict the flow stress of the Cu-Zr-Ce alloy. Dynamic recrystallization critical strain was determined using the work hardening rate method. According to the dynamic material model, the processing maps for the Cu-Zr and Cu-Zr-Ce alloy were obtained at 0.4 and 0.5 strain. Based on the processing maps and microstructure observations, the optimal processing parameters for the two alloys were determined, and it was found that the addition of Ce can promote the hot workability of the Cu-Zr alloy.

Performance of MHD coatings in flowing Li at 700 deg

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pint, B.; Pawel, S.J.; Howell, M.; Moser, J.L.; Garner, G.W.; Santella, M.L.; Tortorelli, P.F.; Di Stefano, J.R.

2007-01-01

Full text of publication follows: A thermal convection loop was constructed from V-4Cr-4Ti tubing and operated in vacuum at a maximum Li temperature of 700 deg. C for ∼1000 h.. Due to slow Li flow (∼1 cm/s) in the loop, the temperature gradient was ∼340 deg. C. Specimens in the hot and cold legs of the loop included V-4Cr-4Ti spacers, tensile specimens (SS-3 type) and coupons coated by physical vapor deposition with yttria and over coated with unalloyed vanadium. Based on prior work, the multi-layer electrically-insulating coatings were developed to reduce the magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) force expected in the first wall of a lithium cooled blanket in a magnetic confinement fusion reactor. Characterization of the specimens after exposure will include: (1) mass change and chemistry change as a function of location in the temperature gradient, (2) the effect of Li exposure on the tensile properties of V-4Cr-4Ti and (3) characterization of the properties and microstructure of the coatings after exposure. Of particular interest will be the coating resistivity after exposure and any degradation of the thin (∼10 μm) vanadium overlayer. Chemistry of the Li before and after the experiment will be compared in order to assess any mass transfer effects. (authors)

Development of wear-resistant coatings for cobalt-base alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cockeram, B.V.

1999-01-01

The costs and hazards resulting from nuclear plant radiation exposure with activated cobalt wear debris could potentially be reduced by covering the cobalt-base materials with a wear resistant coating. However, the hardnesses of many cobalt-base wear alloys are significantly lower than conventional PVD hard coatings, and mechanical support of the hard coating is a concern. Four approaches have been taken to minimize the hardness differences between the substrate and PVD hard coating: (1) use a thin Cr-nitride hard coating with layers that are graded with respect to hardness, (2) use a thicker, multilayered coating (Cr-nitride or Zr-nitride) with graded layers, (3) use nitriding to harden the alloy subsurface followed by application of a multilayered coating of Cr-nitride, and (4) use of nitriding alone. Since little work has been done on application of PVD hard coatings to cobalt-base alloys, some details on process development and characterization of the coatings is presented. Scratch testing was used to evaluate the adhesion of the different coatings. A bench-top rolling contact test was used to evaluate the wear resistance of the coatings. The test results are discussed, and the more desirable coating approaches are identified

The natural aging and precipitation hardening behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Mg/Si ratios and Cu additions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ding, Lipeng [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 China (China); Jia, Zhihong, E-mail: zhihongjia@cqu.edu.cn [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 China (China); Zhang, Zhiqing; Sanders, Robert E.; Liu, Qing [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 China (China); Yang, Guang [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Centre for Dielectric Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049 (China)

2015-03-11

The natural aging and artificial aging behaviours of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Mg/Si ratios and Cu additions were investigated using Vickers microhardness measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterisation. Excess Si and Cu additions enhanced the alloy hardening ability during natural (NA) and artificial aging (AA). Alloys with low Cu and high Si contents exhibited higher precipitation hardening than alloys rich in Mg during artificial aging. In contrast, the alloys with high amounts of Cu were less dependent on the Mg/Si ratio during precipitation hardening due to their similar aging kinetics. The main precipitate phases that contributed to the peak-aging hardness were the L, Q′ and β″ phases. In the over-aging conditions, the alloys rich in Mg and Cu had finer and more numerous precipitates than their Si-rich equivalents due to the preferential precipitation of the L phase. The combination of excess Mg and high Cu resulted in an alloy with a relatively low hardness in T4 temper and a relatively higher hardness after the paint baking cycle. Thus, this alloy has good potential for use in auto body panel applications.

Microstructure Characterization and Stress Corrosion Evaluation of Autogenous and Hybrid Friction Stir Welded Al-Cu-Li 2195 Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Zhixian; Arbegast, William J.; Meletis, Efstathios I.

1997-01-01

Friction stir welding process is being evaluated for application on the Al-Cu-Li 2195 Super-Light Weight External Tank of the Space Transportation System. In the present investigation Al-Cu-Li 2195 plates were joined by autogenous friction stir welding (FSW) and hybrid FSW (friction stir welding over existing variable polarity plasma arc weld). Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to characterize microstructures of the weldments processed by both welding methods. TEM observations of autogenous FSW coupons in the center section of the dynamically-recrystallized zone showed an equiaxed recrystallized microstructure with an average grain size of approx. 3.8 microns. No T(sub 1), precipitates were present in the above-mentioned zone. Instead, T(sub B) and alpha precipitates were found in this zone with a lower population. Alternate immersion, anodic polarization, constant load, and slow strain tests were carried out to evaluate the general corrosion and stress-corrosion properties of autogenous and hybrid FSW prepared coupons. The experimental results will be discussed.

CrCuAgN PVD nanocomposite coatings: Effects of annealing on coating morphology and nanostructure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xingguang, E-mail: xingguangliu1@gmail.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD (United Kingdom); Iamvasant, Chanon, E-mail: ciamvasant1@sheffield.ac.uk [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD (United Kingdom); Liu, Chang, E-mail: chang.liu@sheffield.ac.uk [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD (United Kingdom); Matthews, Allan, E-mail: allan.matthews@manchester.ac.uk [Pariser Building - B24 ICAM, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Leyland, Adrian, E-mail: a.leyland@sheffield.ac.uk [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD (United Kingdom)

2017-01-15

Highlights: • Coatings with nitrogen content up to 16 at.% exhibit a metallic Cr solid solution, even after post-coat annealing at 300 °C and 500 °C. • At higher N/Cr atomic ratios (approaching Cr{sub 2}N stoichiometry), chromium was still inclined to exist in solid solution with nitrogen, rather than as a ceramic nitride phase, even after annealing at 500 °C. • Transportation of Cu and Ag to the surface depends on annealing temperature, annealing duration, nitrogen concentration and ‘global’ Cu + Ag concentration. • Incorporation of copper appears to be a powerful strategy to enhance Ag mobility at low concentration (∼3 at.% Ag in this study) under moderately high service temperature. • A significant decrease in friction coefficient was obtained at room temperature after annealing, or during sliding wear testing at elevated temperature. - Abstract: CrCuAgN PVD nanocomposite coatings were produced using pulsed DC unbalanced magnetron sputtering. This investigation focuses on the effects of post-coat annealing on the surface morphology, phase composition and nanostructure of such coatings. In coatings with nitrogen contents up to 16 at.%, chromium exists as metallic Cr with N in supersaturated solid solution, even after 300 °C and 500 °C post-coat annealing. Annealing at 300 °C did not obviously change the phase composition of both nitrogen-free and nitrogen-containing coatings; however, 500 °C annealing resulted in significant transformation of the nitrogen-containing coatings. The formation of Ag aggregates relates to the (Cu + Ag)/Cr atomic ratio (threshold around 0.2), whereas the formation of Cu aggregates relates to the (Cu + Ag + N)/Cr atomic ratio (threshold around 0.5). The primary annealing-induced changes were reduced solubility of Cu, Ag and N in Cr, and the composition altering from a mixed ultra-fine nanocrystalline and partly amorphous phase constitution to a coarser, but still largely nanocrystalline structure. It was also

Structure and properties of Al-Mg-Li-Zr system alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fridlyander, I.N.; Dolzhanskij, Yu.M.; Sandler, V.S.; Tyurin, .V.; Nikol'skaya, T.I.

1977-01-01

Studied were the structure and mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Li-Zr alloy system (including 01420 alloy) containing 1.6-5.3%Li and 1.0-8.8%Mg). Electron microscopic studies of 01420 alloy conducted after heating at 450 deg C for 4 hours revealed non-uniformly distributed precipitations of a metastable phase ZrAl 3 , having spherical and needle-like configurations. These precipitations, together with zirconium contained in the solid solution, retard recrystallization. The introduction of 0.1-0.2% Zr decreases the limiting solubility of magnesium and lithium in the aluminium solid solution and leads to the formation of disperse equilibrium (S and, possibly, γ) phases with the size of 0.1-0.5 mcm. These phases were observed in the alloys containing (>=) 4% Mg and 1.9-3.5% Li. The method of planned experiment was used to study the principles governing the variation of the mechanical properties of the alloys subjected to water hardening and after aging at 170 deg C for 16 hours. It was established that the strength properties of the hardened alloys become higher, and the relative elongation decreases with the content of lithium and especially magnesium. It would be more proper to assess strengthening in the course of aging according to variation in the yield point and hardness. The effect of aging determined by the yield point depends on the content of lithium and is practically independent of the concentration of magnesium

Electroless Ni-P/Nano-SiO2 Composite Plating on Dual Phase Magnesium-Lithium Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Zou, Y.; Zhang, Z. W.; Zhang, M. L.

The application of Mg-Li alloys is restricted in practice due to mainly poor corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Electroless nickel plating is one of the common and effective ways to protect alloys from corrosion. In this study, nano-SiO2 particles with Ni-P matrix have been successfully co-deposited onto dual phase Mg-8Li base alloy through electroless plating, generating homogeneously Ni-P/nano-SiO2 composite coating. The morphology, elemental composition and structures of coatings were investigated. Coating performances were evaluated using hardness tests and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the Ni-P/nano-SiO2 composite coating can significantly improve the wear and corrosion resistance.

Measurements of low photon doses using LiF:Mg,Cu,P and CaF{sub 2}:Cu dosimeters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prokert, K [Dresden Univ. of Technology (Germany). Inst. of Radiation Protection Physics; Mann, G [Dresden Univ. of Technology (Germany). Inst. of Radiation Protection Physics

1997-03-01

The new thermoluminophors LiF:Mg, Cu, P and CaF{sub 2}:Cu in form of pellets exhibit a significantly higher TL-response than the well-known dosimeters of the types TLD-100 (LiF:Mg, Ti), TLD-400 (CaF{sub 2}:Mn), TLD-900 (CaSO{sub 4}:Dy), etc. Furthermore, the thermoluminophor LiF:Mg, Cu, P shows besides its high sensitivity a good tissue equivalence and therefore, only a small variation of the dose response with the photon energy. The lower limits of detection of these new materials are about 5 {mu}Gy and 0.2 {mu}Gy resp. Therefore, short term measurements of absorbed dose can be realised in radiation fields at very low dose rates (environmental radiation, scattering radiation at medical equipment`s etc.) with an accuracy of {+-}10%. In the field of environmental monitoring the period of exposure can be limited to about 10 days. Using CaF{sub 2}:Cu detectors an exposure of 24 hours is sufficient for dose measurements with lower accuracy. The reusability of CaF{sub 2}:Cu pellets is guaranteed without loss of sensitivity independently of the application of different reading and annealing procedures. In the case of LiF:Mg, Cu, P detectors special procedures are needed in order to keep constant TL-properties. The results of dose measurements at low dose levels in different radiation fields demonstrate the advantages of these detector types. (orig.)

Development of Alloy Coating Process of Steel Pipe for Seawater service

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, Jong Man; Kwon, Taeg Kyu; Lee, Sang Hyeog [Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co., Ltd., Okpo (Korea)

2001-02-01

The new alloy coating process was developed to apply steel pipe for seawater service. This process consists of Zn-Al hot-dip coating treatment immediately following after normal galvanizing treatment. The alloy coating process formed double layer after surface treatment, and the surface layer was similar to that of Galfan steel and the intermetallic layer was also similar to that of aluminized steel. The alloy coating layer protect steel pipe galvanically and provide steel pipe with high resistance to general corrosion of seawater. This new alloy coated steel pipe had also good weldability and adhesion strength of paints compared to galvanized steel. 5 refs., 14 figs.

The synergistic effect of Li addition on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of extruded Al–Mg–Si alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ud Din, Shamas; Kamran, J. [Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 (Pakistan); Tariq, N.H., E-mail: naeem421@hotmail.com [Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 (Pakistan); Hasan, B.A. [Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 (Pakistan); Petrov, R.H.; Bliznuk, V. [Ghent University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technologiepark 903, Gent (Belgium); Uz Zuha, Shamas [Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 (Pakistan)

2016-05-01

In the present work, 0, 1, 2 and 3 wt.% Li was added to conventional Al-0.9Mg-0.5Si alloy. The samples were extruded and aged to investigate the effect of Li addition on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties. The density of conventional alloy was reduced up to 7.8% while the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased by 62% with 3% Li addition. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed that Li addition effectively refined the grain size of the modified alloys. TEM/EDX and XRD analysis revealed the synergistic effect of Li addition which promoted the formation of nano-sized δ′(Al{sub 3}Li) precipitates when Li content is higher then 1%. The ageing trend first decreased for 1 wt.% Li addition and then increased with increasing Li content from 2 to 3 wt.% at the expense of ductility. The intensity of texture increased with the gradual increase in Li content from alloy-1 to 4. - Highlights: • Study of 0, 1, 2 and 3 wt.% Li on Al–Mg–Si alloys in extruded and T6 condition. • Density reduced to 7.8% with UTS increased by 62% for 3% Li addition. • Texture intensity increased with increase in Li content from alloy-1 to 4. • Property enhancement attributed to a refinement of δ′ (Al{sub 3}Li) precipitates.

Optimization and Surface Modification of Al-6351 Alloy Using SiC-Cu Green Compact Electrode by Electro Discharge Coating Process

Science.gov (United States)

Chakraborty, Sujoy; Kar, Siddhartha; Dey, Vidyut; Ghosh, Subrata Kumar

2017-06-01

This paper introduces the surface modification of Al-6351 alloy by green compact SiC-Cu electrode using electro-discharge coating (EDC) process. A Taguchi L-16 orthogonal array is employed to investigate the process by varying tool parameters like composition and compaction load and electro-discharge machining (EDM) parameters like pulse-on time and peak current. Material deposition rate (MDR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) are measured on the coated specimens. An optimum condition is achieved by formulating overall evaluation criteria (OEC), which combines multi-objective task into a single index. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to investigate the effect of relevant process parameters. A confirmation test is conducted based on optimal process parameters and experimental results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach. The modified surface is characterized by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD analysis of the deposited layer confirmed the transfer of tool materials to the work surface and formation of inter-metallic phases. The micro-hardness of the resulting composite layer is also measured which is 1.5-3 times more than work material’s one and highest layer thickness (LT) of 83.644μm has been successfully achieved.

Electrochemical performance of Li-rich oxide composite material coated with Li0.75La0.42TiO3 ionic conductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Chun-Chen; Liao, Pin-Ci; Wu, Yi-Shiuan; Lue, Shingjiang Jessie

2017-01-01

Graphical abstract: Schematic diagram for Li-rich oxide (Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.60 O 2 ) coated with Li 0.75 La 0.42 TiO 3 (LLTO) solid ionic conductor. - Highlights: • Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.60 O 2 /C composite material was prepared by one-pot solid-state method. • 1D a-MnO 2 nanowires and microsphere hollow b-Ni(OH) 2 were prepared by a hydrothermal method. • 1 wt.%LLTO-coated composite showed the best performance among samples. • LLTO layer not only improves the ionic transport of Li-rich oxide material, but also prevent Li-rich material corrosion. - Abstract: Li-rich (spray-dried (SP)-Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.60 O 2 ) composite materials were prepared via two-step ball-mill and spray dry methods by using LiOH, α-MnO 2 , β-Ni(OH) 2 raw materials. Two raw materials of α-MnO 2 nanowires and microsphere β-Ni(OH) 2 were synthesized by a hydrothermal process. In addition, Li 0.75 La 0.42 TiO3 (LLTO) fast ionic conductor was coated on SP-Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.60 O 2 composite via a sol–gel method. The properties of the LLTO-coated SP-Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.60 O 2 composites were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman, XPS, and the AC impedance method. The discharge capacities of 1 wt.%-LLTO-coated SP-Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.60 O 2 composites were 256, 250, 231, 200, 158, and 114 mAh g −1 at rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5C, respectively, in the voltage range 2.0–4.8 V. The 1 wt.%-LLTO-coated Li-rich oxide composite showed the discharge capacities of up to 256 mAh g −1 in the first cycle at 0.1C. After 30 cycles, the discharge capacity of 244 mAh g −1 was obtained, which showed the capacity retention of 95.4%.

Mechanical properties of copper-lithium alloys produced by mechanic alloyed and hot extrusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castillo B, Ricardo; Gorziglia S, Ezio; Penaloza V, Augusto

2004-01-01

In this work are presented the progress carried out on the characterization of some physical and mechanical properties, together with the determination of the micro mechanism of fracture of the Cu-2% wt Li, that was obtained by mechanical alloying followed hot extrusion at 500 o C and 700 o C. Hardness and tensile mechanical tests were performed together with metallographic and fractographic analysis. The experimental results obtained with powders of the Cu-Li alloy studied are compared with powder of pure copper, under similar test conditions. The results show that by hot extrusion was allowed to obtain very high densification levels for the materials under study. Moreover, it was found that lithium reduce both the tensile strength and elongation, of copper by a mechanism of embrittlement. The results are compares with the literature (au)

Simple thermodynamic model of the extension of solid solution of Cu-Mo alloys processed by mechanical alloying

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aguilar, C.; Guzman, D.; Rojas, P.A.; Ordonez, Stella; Rios, R.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Extension of solid solution in Cu-Mo systems achieved by mechanical alloying. → Simple thermodynamic model to explain extension of solid solution of Mo in Cu. → Model gives results that are consistent with the solubility limit extension reported in other works. - Abstract: The objective of this work is proposing a simple thermodynamic model to explain the increase in the solubility limit of the powders of the Cu-Mo systems or other binary systems processed by mechanical alloying. In the regular solution model, the effects of crystalline defects, such as; dislocations and grain boundary produced during milling were introduced. The model gives results that are consistent with the solubility limit extension reported in other works for the Cu-Cr, Cu-Nb and Cu-Fe systems processed by mechanical alloying.

Microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of A380 aluminum alloy with and without Li additions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karamouz, Mostafa; Azarbarmas, Mortaza; Emamy, Masoud; Alipour, Mohammad

2013-01-01

In this work, the effects of lithium (Li) on the microstructure, hardness and mechanical properties of A380 aluminum alloy have been investigated. The alloy was produced by conventional casting. Microstructures of the samples were investigated using the optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that with increase of Li content up to 0.1%, the morphology of β-Al 5 FeSi and eutectic Si phases changed from intersected and branched coarse platelets into fine and independent ones. Li decreased hardness values of the alloy. Also, it was revealed from tensile tests that with addition of 0.6% Li, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values increased from 274 to 300 MPa and 3.8% to 6%, respectively. Fractographic examination of the fracture surfaces indicated that the alloys with Li addition had more ductile dimple and fewer brittle cleavage surfaces

Thermal Expansion of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Coatings

Science.gov (United States)

Raj, S V.; Palczer, A. R.

2010-01-01

Metallic Cu-8%Cr, Cu-26%Cr, Cu-8%Cr-1%Al, NiAl and NiCrAlY monolithic coatings were fabricated by vacuum plasma spray deposition processes for thermal expansion property measurements between 293 and 1223 K. The corrected thermal expansion, (DL/L(sub 0) varies with the absolute temperature, T, as (DL/L(sub 0) = A(T - 293)(sup 3) + BIT - 293)(sup 2) + C(T - 293) + D, where, A, B, C and D are thermal, regression constants. Excellent reproducibility was observed for all of the coatings except for data obtained on the Cu-8%Cr and Cu-26%Cr coatings in the first heat-up cycle, which deviated from those determined in the subsequent cycles. This deviation is attributed to the presence of residual stresses developed during the spraying of the coatings, which are relieved after the first heat-up cycle. In the cases of Cu-8%Cr and NiAl, the thermal expansion data were observed to be reproducible for three specimens. The linear expansion data for Cu-8% Cr and Cu-26%Cr agree extremely well with rule of mixture (ROM) predictions. Comparison of the data for the Cu-8%Cr coating with literature data for Cr and Cu revealed that the thermal expansion behavior of this alloy is determined by the Cu-rich matrix. The data for NiAl and NiCrAlY are in excellent agreement with published results irrespective of composition and the methods used for processing the materials. The implications of these results on coating GRCop-84 copper alloy combustor liners for reusable launch vehicles are discussed.

Enhanced thermal safety and high power performance of carbon-coated LiFePO4 olivine cathode for Li-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Zaghib, K.; Dubé, J.; Dallaire, A.; Galoustov, K.; Guerfi, A.; Ramanathan, M.; Benmayza, A.; Prakash, J.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C. M.

2012-12-01

The carbon-coated LiFePO4 Li-ion oxide cathode was studied for its electrochemical, thermal, and safety performance. This electrode exhibited a reversible capacity corresponding to more than 89% of the theoretical capacity when cycled between 2.5 and 4.0 V. Cylindrical 18,650 cells with carbon-coated LiFePO4 also showed good capacity retention at higher discharge rates up to 5C rate with 99.3% coulombic efficiency, implying that the carbon coating improves the electronic conductivity. Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) test performed on LiFePO4 18,650 cell indicated the suitability of this carbon-coated LiFePO4 for high power HEV applications. The heat generation during charge and discharge at 0.5C rate, studied using an Isothermal Microcalorimeter (IMC), indicated cell temperature is maintained in near ambient conditions in the absence of external cooling. Thermal studies were also investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC), which showed that LiFePO4 is safer, upon thermal and electrochemical abuse, than the commonly used lithium metal oxide cathodes with layered and spinel structures. Safety tests, such as nail penetration and crush test, were performed on LiFePO4 and LiCoO2 cathode based cells, to investigate on the safety hazards of the cells upon severe physical abuse and damage.

Comments on process of duplex coatings on aluminum alloys

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Samir H.A.; QIAN Han-cheng(钱翰城); XIA Bo-cai(夏伯才); WU Shi-ming(吴仕明)

2004-01-01

Despite the great achievements made in improvement of wear resistance properties of aluminum alloys,their applications in heavy surface load-bearing are limited. Single coating is insufficient to produce the desired combination of surface properties. These problems can be solved through the duplex coatings. The aim of the present study is to overview the research advances on processes of duplex coatings on aluminum alloys combined with micro plasma oxidation process and with other modern processes such as physical vapour deposition and plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition and also to evaluate the performance of micro plasma oxidation coatings in improving the load-bearing, friction and wear resistance properties of aluminum alloys in comparison with other coatings. Wherein, a more detailed presentation of the processes and their performances and disadvantages are given as well.

Cryogenic mechanical properties of low density superplastically formable Al-Li alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Verzasconi, S. L.; Morris, J. W., Jr.

1989-01-01

The aerospace industry is considering the use of low density, superplastically formable (SPF) materials, such as Al-Li alloys in cryogenic tankage. SPF modifications of alloys 8090, 2090, and 2090+In were tested for strength and Kahn tear toughness. The results were compared to those of similar tests of 2219-T87, an alloy currently used in cryogenic tankage, and 2090-T81, a recently studied Al-Li alloy with exceptional cryogenic properties (1-9). With decreasing temperature, all materials showed an increase in strength, while most materials showed an increase in elongation and decrease in Kahn toughness. The indium addition to 2090 increased alloy strength, but did not improve the strength-toughness combination. The fracture mode was predominantly intergranular along small, recrystallized grains, with some transgranular fracture, some ductile rupture, and some delamination on large, unrecrystallized grains.

Synergetic effects in CO adsorption on Cu-Pd(111) alloys

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lopez, Nuria; Nørskov, Jens Kehlet

2001-01-01

We present density functional calculations for the interaction of CO on different Cu-Pd(111) bulk and surface alloys. The modification of the adsorption properties with respect to hose of the adsorption on pure Cu(111) and Pd(111) is described in terms of changes in the adsorption sites...... and the change of the electronic structure occurring upon alloying. The presence of cooperative, synergetic. effects is found to be important specially for Cu-rich bulk alloys. In this case. a larger adsorption energy is found for the inactive component than for the pure inactive system. This activation induces...

Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ni-Alloy/CrN Nanolayered Coatings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hao-Hsiang Huang

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The Ni-alloy/CrN nanolayered coatings, Ni-Al/CrN and Ni-P/CrN, were deposited on (100 silicon wafer and AISI 420 stainless steel substrates by dual-gun sputtering technique. The influences of the layer microstructure on corrosion behavior of the nanolayered thin films were investigated. The bilayer thickness was controlled approximately 10 nm with a total coating thickness of 1m. The single-layer Ni-alloy and CrN coatings deposited at 350∘C were also evaluated for comparison. Through phase identification, phases of Ni-P and Ni-Al compounds were observed in the single Ni-alloy layers. On the other hand, the nanolayered Ni-P/CrN and Ni-Al/CrN coatings showed an amorphous/nanocrystalline microstructure. The precipitation of Ni-Al and Ni-P intermetallic compounds was suppressed by the nanolayered configuration of Ni-alloy/CrN coatings. Through Tafel analysis, the corr and corr values ranged from –0.64 to –0.33 V and 1.42×10−5 to 1.14×10−6 A/cm2, respectively, were deduced for various coating assemblies. The corrosion mechanisms and related behaviors of the coatings were compared. The coatings with a nanolayered Ni-alloy/CrN configuration exhibited a superior corrosion resistance to single-layer alloy or nitride coatings.