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Sample records for criollo xanthosoma sagittifolium

  1. EXTRAÇÃO E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DAS CLOROFILAS A E B NAS FOLHAS DA XANTHOSOMA SAGITTIFOLIUM

    OpenAIRE

    Gabriela Coelho Couceiro; Yara Barbosa Bustamante; Janicy Arantes Carvalho; Diego Pachelli Teixeira; Patrícia Marcondes dos Santos; Milton Beltrame Junior; Andreza Ribeiro Simioni

    2017-01-01

    A planta Xanthosoma sagittifolium (taioba) é uma hortaliça que pode suprir muitas necessidades, sendo uma fonte de proteínas, cálcio, ferro, vitamina C e outros nutrientes. As clorofilas são os pigmentos mais abundantes nas plantas e possuem vários benefícios à saúde. Sendo assim, foi analisada a presença das clorofilas na espécie Xanthosoma sagittifolium devido ao seu papel na alimentação e seus benefícios à saúde. A concentração das clorofilas a e b foram determinadas por espectrofotometria...

  2. Raphides with barbs and grooves in Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Araceae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sakai, W S; Hanson, M; Jones, R C

    1972-10-20

    Raphides in petioles of Xanthosoma sagittifolium are needlelike crystals about 50 micrometers long. The rectangular cross sections have maximum dimensions of approximately 850 by 250 nanometers. The raphides have two distinct end structures. One end is narrow, acute, and tapered to a point; the other is broad, acute, and abruptly pointed. Barbs, about 750 angstroms long with tips oriented away from the narrow end, occur along the length of the raphide on ridges on either side of two longitudinal grooves. These grooves, located opposite each other, give the raphide cross section an H-shape.

  3. Response of cultivars of malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L. Schott to dry rot

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    Ernesto Espinosa Cuéllar

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L. Schott is an important food crop for over 400 million people in the tropics and subtropics. In order to determine the response of different varieties of malanga Xanthosoma to dry rot, a series of experiments were conducted in the period between 2012 and 2014. The experiments were performed on loamy Soil at the National Research Institute in Tropical Crops and Roots (INIVIT. We determined the incidence and severity of damage, yields and percent of losses at harvest. The lowest values of incidence and the highest total return was achieved in clons ‘INIVIT MX-95-2’, ‘INIVIT MX-95-1’ and ‘INIVIT MX-2007’. Clones of malanga Xanthosoma belonging to the group purple, showed lower incidence that of white and yellow groups. These results will allow selecting cultivars of malanga with greater resistance to the dry rot and with this to diminish the losses in the harvest.

  4. Utilizing cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for food and nutrition security: A review

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Boakye, Abena A.; Wireko-Manu, Faustina Dufie; Oduro, Ibok

    2018-01-01

    knowledge on food uses, nutritional value, and potential novel food applications of cocoyam. Adaptable technologies in conformity to new trends in food science that could be employed for in-depth molecular studies and further exploitation of the crop are also discussed. It is envisaged that the provided...... information would contribute to global efforts aimed at exploiting the full potential of indigenous crops for sustainable food and nutrition security.......The critical role of indigenous crops in the socioeconomic growth of developing nations has necessitated calls for accelerated exploitation of staples. Cocoyam, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, is food for over 400 million people worldwide and is the most consumed aroid in West Africa. However, it remains...

  5. Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Inhibitor of Alpha Glucosidase Isolated from Ganyong (Canna Edulis) and Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nurhayati, Rifa; Miftakhussolikhah; Frediansyah, Andri; Lailatul Rachmah, Desy

    2017-12-01

    Type 2 diabetes is a disease that caused by the failure of insulin secretion by the beta cells of the pancreas and insulin resistance in peripheral levels. One therapy for diabetics is by inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase. Lactic acid bacteria have the ability to inhibit of α-glucosidase activity. The aims of this research was to isolation and screening of lactic acid bacteria from ganyong tuber (Canna Edulis) and kimpul tuber (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), which has the ability to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. Eightteen isolates were identified as lactic acid bacteria and all of them could inhibit the activity of α-glukosidase. The GN 8 isolate was perform the highest inhibition acivity.

  6. Assay for hypoglycemic functional food of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott.) tuber

    Science.gov (United States)

    Handajani, N. S.; Harini, M.; Yuliningsih, R.; Afianatuzzahra, S.; Hasanah, U.; Widiyani, T.

    2018-03-01

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type II is a degenerative disease that is a major killer in many countries. It is characterized by an increase of the blood glucose level above normal. It is important to choose an appropriate food sources using glycemic index (GI) concept in order to prevent blood glucose increase. One of Indonesian traditional carbohydrate source is cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott.) tuber. The tuber is assumed having a higher carbohydrate content with lower GI. The research aims to measure GI of cocoyam tuber (CT) and determine glucose and glycogen level in animal model after CT fed. Experimental research was carried out by using completely randomized design. We used twenty four male rats as animal models. They were grouped in to 4 different treatments. Group I was treated with standard feed, group II was treated with standard feed and glucose, group III was treated with steamed CT, and group IV was treated hypoglicemic agent standard, glibencamide. The research results that GI of steamed CT was low. It was 54. Blood glucose of diabetic rats after fed by CT decreased significantly (p<0.05), similar to diabetic rats after treated by glibencamide. Whereas glycogen level in diabetic rats after fed by CT was higher than in diabetic rats after fed by standard feed. Cocoyam tuber increased glycogen level in diabetic rats significantly (p<0,05). Glycogen level in diabetic rats fed by CT was as high as in healthy rats. Therefore CT is potential consumed for DM type II patients.

  7. Pengaruh Penggunaan Talas (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Terhadap Mutu dan Tingkat Penerimaan Panelis pada Produk Roti, Pastel, Pancake, Cookies, dan Bubur Talas

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    Wilsa Hermianti

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Kimpul taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium contains high enough of starch and fibers so that it can function as a non-rice food carbohydrates source. Previous research was done a research about taro block process technology (Hermianti et al., 2010. In this study, taro blocks was used for making of various wet food, semi-wet and dry food products such as bread, pies, cookies, pancakes, and taro porridge by substituting wheat flour and rice flour. The research was aimed to find out the composition of the appropriate use of taro block in making of various food products with a good quality and preferred. Bread, pies, and cookies were made with percentage of taro block 0% (control/without taro block, 25%, 50%, and 75%, whereas for pancakes with formula of taro block 0% (control/without taro block , 30%, 50%, 100%. Porridge was made to subtitute rice flour with percentage of taro block 0% (control/without taro block, 30%, 50%, and 100%. The chemical analysis of taro block was done on several parameter included moisture content, ash content, starch, and protein, while for processed food products were conducted the organoleptic test (color, aroma, taste, and texture based on the panelists acceptance level. The most products of taro cookies and taro bread preferred by panelists were analyzed the fat content, protein, carbohydrates and calories and storability for dry food products (cookies. The results showed that taro block moisture content 12.40%, ash content 1.12%, starch content 73.37%, amylose 2.88%, amylopectin 70.49%, and  protein 3.4%. The organoleptic test with optimal results and preferably were bread and pastel with the use of taro 25%, cookies with the use of taro 50%, taro pancake formula with 50%  taro block,  and porridge with usage of taro block 30%.ABSTRAKTalas kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium mengandung karbohidrat dan serat yang tinggi  sehingga dapat berfungsi  sebagai sumber bahan pangan karbohidrat. Penelitian terdahulu telah

  8. Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of cocoyam. (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Asante, R.

    2012-01-01

    Cultivated for human nutrition, animal feed and cash income for both farmers and traders, the underground cormels of Xanthosoma sagittifolium provide easily digested starch; the leaves are nutritious spinach-like vegetable, which contain a lot of minerals, vitamins and thiamine. The high water content and the difficulty of storing, processing and transportation of roots and tubers have resulted in potentially very high postharvest losses in bulb and tuber crops. Radiation has the potential to control postharvest losses of a wide range of fresh produce including tuber crops such as yam and potato. This study, therefore, sought to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on the physical, chemical and sensory properties of stored cocoyam. Freshly harvested cocoyam cormels were obtained from Atia in the Ashanti region of Ghana and immediately transported to the Radiation Technology Centre of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. The cocoyam was stored in baskets and subjected to different doses of gamma irradiation; 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600Gy. Gamma irradiation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced sprouting in stored cocoyam cormels. Although stored significantly (p < 0.05) increased sprouting in tannia, application of a dose of 150Gy reduced sprouting by up to 80% whereas 300Gy achieved 89% reduction in sprouting. Storage significantly (p < 0.05) increased rotting of cocoyam cormels. Above 150Gy, gamma irradiation significantly (p < 0.05) increased rotting of cocoyam. Storage but not irradiation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced both moisture and ash contents of cocoyam. Functional properties of tannia are affected by both irradiation and storage. Water absorption capacity increased significantly (p < 0.05) with both irradiation and storage. Bulk density increased significantly (p < 0.05) with both irradiation and storage. Whereas swelling power of cocoyam flour was significantly (p < 0.05) increased by irradiation, storage generally decreased it. Irradiation as well as

  9. KINETIKA PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBIA DAN KEMUNDURAN MUTU BAKSO DAGING TERLAPISI PATI UMBI KIMPUL (Xanthosoma sagittifoliumYANG DIINKORPORASI KALIUM SORBAT

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    Warkoyo Warkoyo

    2015-05-01

    dan 0,036 kali konsentrasi kalium sorbat. Pelapis edible aktif berbasis pati X. sagittifolium yang diinkorporasi kalium sorbat 0,6% dapat meningkatkan umur simpan bakso sampai 4 hari, sementara bakso tanpa pelapis hanya bertahan kurang dari 1 hari. Kata kunci: Pelapis edible aktif, kinetika pertumbuhan mikrobia, kalium sorbat

  10. KINETIKA PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBIA DAN KEMUNDURAN MUTU BAKSO BERPELAPIS EDIBLE AKTIF BERBASIS PATI KIMPUL (Xanthosoma sagittifolium PADA BERBAGAI KETEBALAN

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    Warkoyo Warkoyo

    2015-11-01

    kemunduran mutu bakso terlapisi edible aktif berbasis pati umbi kimpul (X. sagittifolium dengan berbagai ketebalan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah ketebalan pelapis edible yang berbeda (0,43; 0,48; 0,53; 0,58 mm. Parameter pengamatan meliputi jumlah mikrobia (total mikrobia dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa, kadar protein, TVB-N, susut bobot, dan tekstur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan pelapis edible aktif berpengaruh nyata terhadap populasi mikrobia, dan TVB-N, serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar protein, susut bobot, dan tekstur bakso. Pertumbuhan mikrobia (TPC dan P. aeruginosa berubah secara eksponensial dengan laju peningkatan sebesar 0,049-0,055 per jam untuk TPC, dan 0,071-0,075 per jam untuk P. aeruginosa atau sebesar 0,026 per mm.jam kali ketebalan. Kadar TVB-N bakso berubah secara linier dengan laju peningkatan sebesar 0,132-0,153 mg/100g.jam atau sebesar 0,206 mg/100g.mm.jam kali ketebalan. Pelapis edible aktif berbasis pati X. sagittifolium yang diinkorporasi kalium sorbat dengan tebal 0,43 mm dapat meningkatkan umur simpan bakso sampai 4 kali lebih lama dibandingkan bakso tanpa pelapis. Kata kunci: Ketebalan pelapis edible aktif, kinetika kemunduran mutu

  11. UJI POTENSI UMBI KIMPUL (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L. Schott. SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN FUNGSIONAL ANTIULSER PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus L.

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    Triyani Yuliastuti

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L. Schott. tuber is usually consumed as carbohydrates source. Because of highly mineral and fiber contents, it is potential to develop as a functional food source. The mineral contents are potassium, phosphor, magnesium, iron, copper and sodium. Some minerals are well known able to neutralize pH of the gastric fluid. It is necessary to study cocoyam activity on the ulcer gastric. The aims of this study were to determine anti-ulcerogenic activity of cocoyam tuber by observing macroscopic stomach mucous structure on mice and measuring the gastric fluid pH. Twenty male mice aged 2-3 months were used in this study. They were classified in to 4 different treatment groups. Group I was control mice without gastric ulcer, group II, III, and IV were mice with gastric ulcer by using aspirin treatment. Group II,III, and IV were treated with different treatments then for 7 days. Group II was treated by aquadest (negative control group, group III by sucralfat (positive control group, and group IV by cocoyam tuber. In the last treatment day, mice were fasted for 24 hours and then sacrified to pick stomach up. Gastric fluid was collected and the pH was measured then. Stomach mucous structure was observed macroscopically. Data in the gastric fluid pH was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance and continued  HSD (Honest Significant Difference-Tukey test in 5% significance degree. Degree of stomach mucous structure damage was analyzed descriptively and then it was scored based on number and diameter size of ulcers. Data on the ulcer score were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05 at the stomach fluid pH. Normal group was not significantly different to the sucralfat and cocoyam tuber group, nevertheless normal group was different significantly to the ulcer group. Based on the degree of stomach mucous structure damage, there was not significantly

  12. Evaluation of binder and disintegrant properties of starch derived ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The aim of the study was to formulate metronidazole tablets using starch from Xanthosoma sagittifolium as binder and disintegrant in metronidazole tablets. Metronidazole tablets were produced by wet granulation method using X. sagittifolium starch as binder at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20% w/w, and as disintegrant ...

  13. Development and Quality Evaluation of a Non-Alcoholic Beverage ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Development and Quality Evaluation of a Non-Alcoholic Beverage from Cocoyam ( Xanthosoma sagittifolium and Colocasia esculenta ) ... Nigerian Food Journal ... evaluation were conducted on the products to assess the highest preference.

  14. Author Details

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Corm Meal on the Performance of Starter Broilers Abstract · Vol 3, No 4 (2009) - Articles Effect of Replacement of Maize with Cassava Root Meal Fortified With Palm Oil on Performance of Starter Broilers Abstract.

  15. Evaluation of binder and disintegrant properties of starch derived ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    AMARA

    2013-05-15

    May 15, 2013 ... Full Length Research Paper. Evaluation of binder and disintegrant properties of starch derived from Xanthosoma sagittifolium in metronidazole tablets. Onyishi Ikechukwu V., Chime Salome A.* and Ugwu Jonathan C. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, ...

  16. Effect of Diet on Growth and Reproduction of the African Giant Snail ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Aspects of growth and reproduction were studied in a total of 360 specimens of Archachatina marginata suturalis cultured in four dietary regimes, as follows: Group A – paw-paw (Carica papaya) leaves + powdered calcium carbonate; Group B – cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) leaves + powdered calcium carbonate; ...

  17. Effects of Acid treatment on the compression and mechanical ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This study investigated the effect of acid treatment on the compression and mechanical properties of the cellulosic fibrous residue obtained after a high proportion of starch has been removed from the peeled and rasped tuberous root of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Family: Araceae). Powdered fibrous residues were subjected ...

  18. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences - Vol 6, No 3 (2000)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tannia Cocyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as a replacement for maize grain in the diets of rabbits. EMAIL FREE FULL ... Water scarcity and the linkage effects of hydroprojects in Aya River Basin at Ogoja, Southeast Nigeria. EMAIL FREE FULL ... Cross section of equatorial electrojet magnetic fields. EMAIL FREE ...

  19. Untitled

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    callus, plant regeneration and tuberization in. Xanthosoma sagittifolium cultured in vitro. C. R.. Acad. Sci. 3 18:773-778. Onokpise O.U., Wutoh J.G.,Ndzana X. Tambong. J.T., Mebeka M.M.Sama A. E. Nyochembeng L.,. Agueguia A., Nzietchueng S., Wilson J. G. & Borns. M. 1999. Evaluation of macabo,cocoyam germplasm.

  20. La autoimagen de los hablantes del criollo limonense

    OpenAIRE

    Herzfeld, Anita

    2012-01-01

    Analiza el dialecto llamado Criollo Limonense enfocándolo desde dos puntos de vista: el sociolingüístico y el de los hablantes del criollo limonense como lengua materna. Menciona al inglés limonense estándar y al criollo jamaiquino.

  1. Dataset on the abundance of ants and Cosmopolites sordidus damage in plantain fields with intercropped plants

    OpenAIRE

    Anicet Gbèblonoudo Dassou; Dominique Carval; Sylvain Dépigny; Gabriel Fansi; Philippe Tixier

    2016-01-01

    The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled ?Ant abundance and Cosmopolites sordidus damage in plantain fields as affected by intercropping? (A.G. Dassou, D. Carval, S. D?pigny, G.H Fansi, P. Tixier, 2015) [1]. This article describes how associated crops maize (Zea mays), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) intercropped in the plantain fields in Cameroun modify ant community structure and damages of banana weevil Cosmop...

  2. Un ejemplo de la progresión lectal en el continuum criollo: do en el criollo limonense

    OpenAIRE

    Herzfeld, Anita

    2013-01-01

    Muestra que la variación impulsada por un proceso de reestructuración continua del sistema original a lo largo del continuum criollo produce una serie de formas patentes que se diferencian gradualmente. El continuum criollo se divide en basilecto, mesolecto y acrolecto.

  3. Genetic analysis of Mexican Criollo cattle populations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ulloa-Arvizu, R; Gayosso-Vázquez, A; Ramos-Kuri, M; Estrada, F J; Montaño, M; Alonso, R A

    2008-10-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic structure of Mexican Criollo cattle populations using microsatellite genetic markers. DNA samples were collected from 168 animals from four Mexican Criollo cattle populations, geographically isolated in remote areas of Sierra Madre Occidental (West Highlands). Also were included samples from two breeds with Iberian origin: the fighting bull (n = 24) and the milking central American Criollo (n = 24) and one Asiatic breed: Guzerat (n = 32). Genetic analysis consisted of the estimation of the genetic diversity in each population by the allele number and the average expected heterozygosity found in nine microsatellite loci. Furthermore, genetic relationships among the populations were defined by their genetic distances. Our data shows that Mexican cattle populations have a relatively high level of genetic diversity based either on the mean number of alleles (10.2-13.6) and on the expected heterozygosity (0.71-0.85). The degree of observed homozygosity within the Criollo populations was remarkable and probably caused by inbreeding (reduced effective population size) possibly due to reproductive structure within populations. Our data shows that considerable genetic differentiation has been occurred among the Criollo cattle populations in different regions of Mexico.

  4. Genetic analysis of the Venezuelan Criollo horse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cothran, E G; Canelon, J L; Luis, C; Conant, E; Juras, R

    2011-10-07

    Various horse populations in the Americas have an origin in Spain; they are remnants of the first livestock introduced to the continent early in the colonial period (16th and 17th centuries). We evaluated genetic variability within the Venezuelan Criollo horse and its relationship with other horse breeds. We observed high levels of genetic diversity within the Criollo breed. Significant population differentiation was observed between all South American breeds. The Venezuelan Criollo horse showed high levels of genetic diversity, and from a conservation standpoint, there is no immediate danger of losing variation unless there is a large drop in population size.

  5. Kimpul (Xanthosoma spp. characterization based on morphological characteristic and isozymic analysis

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    SAJIDAN

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Nurmiyati, Sugiyarto, Sajidan. 2009. Kimpul (Xanthosoma spp. characterization based on morphological characteristic and isozymic analysis. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 138-145. This research is aimed: (i to know the variety of kimpul (Xanthosoma spp. based on morphological characteristics and isozymes analysis; (ii to know the correlation between its genetic space based on morphological characteristics and its genetic resemblance based on isozymes-banding pattern. This research results were analyzed and described by descriptive qualitative methods. Morphological observation was carried out in sub-District of Galur, Lendah and Girimulyo, Kulonprogo District, Yogyakarta. Morphological data of the kimpul plant was explored descriptively and then made dendogram. Data of isozymic banding pattern were analyzed quantitatively based on the appearance of the band on the gel, and qualitatively based on the thickness of the band formed, and then made dendogram. The correlation, between its genetic distance based on morphological characteristics and its genetic resemblance based on isozymes-banding pattern, were then analyzed grounded on coefficient correlation between product-moment and goodness of it criteria based on correlation. The results pointed out that morphologically, on eight observed samples which were consist of four different types (species, each Xanthosoma from different locations did not indicate obvious differences. Esterase was formed four different banding-patterns, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase indicated eight different banding-patterns, and Peroxidase indicated seven different banding-patterns. Correlation between morphological data and data from EST and GOT isozymic banding pattern were very good (0.967918 and 0.937113, While, the correlations between morphological data and POD isozymes were good (0.892721.

  6. Algunas Características de los Cacaos Criollos de Venezuela

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    Ciferri R.

    1949-03-01

    Full Text Available Se indican algunas características morfológicas y biométricas de los cacaos "Criollo de cáscara morada" y "Criollo de cáscara decolorada", observadas en un cacaotal de Venezuela y las cuales se comparan con las de algunos de sus cruces, así más afines, como más alejados, que en conjunto forman el Forastero Venezolano. Se llama la atención sobre unos tipos de cacao muy valiosos, derivados de los cruzamientos entre estos dos tipos de Criollo, mencionados. Se indica, además, la distribución de dichos Criollos en Venezuela.

  7. Abundant mtDNA diversity and ancestral admixture in Colombian criollo cattle (Bos taurus).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G; Bermudez, Nelson; Olivera-Angel, Martha; Estrada, Luzardo; Ossa, Jorge; Bedoya, Gabriel; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés

    2003-11-01

    Various cattle populations in the Americas (known as criollo breeds) have an origin in some of the first livestock introduced to the continent early in the colonial period (16th and 17th centuries). These cattle constitute a potentially important genetic reserve as they are well adapted to local environments and show considerable variation in phenotype. To examine the genetic ancestry and diversity of Colombian criollo we obtained mitochondrial DNA control region sequence information for 110 individuals from seven breeds. Old World haplogroup T3 is the most commonly observed CR lineage in criollo (0.65), in agreement with a mostly European ancestry for these cattle. However, criollo also shows considerable frequencies of haplogroups T2 (0.9) and T1 (0.26), with T1 lineages in criollo being more diverse than those reported for West Africa. The distribution and diversity of Old World lineages suggest some North African ancestry for criollo, probably as a result of the Arab occupation of Iberia prior to the European migration to the New World. The mtDNA diversity of criollo is higher than that reported for European and African cattle and is consistent with a differentiated ancestry for some criollo breeds.

  8. Dataset on the abundance of ants and Cosmopolites sordidus damage in plantain fields with intercropped plants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dassou, Anicet Gbèblonoudo; Carval, Dominique; Dépigny, Sylvain; Fansi, Gabriel; Tixier, Philippe

    2016-12-01

    The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Ant abundance and Cosmopolites sordidus damage in plantain fields as affected by intercropping" (A.G. Dassou, D. Carval, S. Dépigny, G.H Fansi, P. Tixier, 2015) [1]. This article describes how associated crops maize (Zea mays), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) intercropped in the plantain fields in Cameroun modify ant community structure and damages of banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. The field data set is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes.

  9. Dataset on the abundance of ants and Cosmopolites sordidus damage in plantain fields with intercropped plants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anicet Gbèblonoudo Dassou

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Ant abundance and Cosmopolites sordidus damage in plantain fields as affected by intercropping” (A.G. Dassou, D. Carval, S. Dépigny, G.H Fansi, P. Tixier, 2015 [1]. This article describes how associated crops maize (Zea mays, cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria intercropped in the plantain fields in Cameroun modify ant community structure and damages of banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. The field data set is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes.

  10. Elaboration of gluten free cupcakes from xanthosoma flours, taro, rice, cassava and their mixtures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quiros Alpizar, Silvia Maria

    2013-01-01

    The effect of taro flour, xanthosoma, cassava and rice, their possible mixtures and two different percentages of egg protein in cupcakes with total substitution of wheat flour are studied. Flours of xanthosoma and taro were elaborated and have utilized flours of cassava and rice existing in market. The moisture was evaluated and found that taro flour presents a lower water content compared to rice flour, xanthosoma and cassava in all flours. 22 formulations of cupcakes were elaborated using the flours (100% substitutions), flour mixture (substitution 50:50 of each flour) and wheat as control, also the egg content (standard content to egg and lower content to egg), to analyze their sensory characteristics and consumer preferences. The study data was carried out with two independents groups of people, a trained panel that has conducted the descriptive analysis and a consumer group that has made the study of acceptance. An analysis of variance was applied to data, test Fisher LSD and external preference mapping, an analysis of ''cluster '' for proof of acceptance, with witch were identified the three consumer groups, composed by 19, 51, 35 people. All three groups have preferred the control samples with wheat in groups 2 and 3 cupcakes with rice-cassava with content standard and less content of egg, and cassava with less egg, have showed without significant differences in preference (p [es

  11. Accessible Morphological and Genetic Markers for Identification of Taioba and Taro, Two Forgotten Human Foods

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    María Del Pilar Sepúlveda-Nieto

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Some tropical species—such as the domesticated Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L. Schott (Taioba and Colocasia esculenta (L. Schott (Taro—have similar phenotypic characteristics, especially in the shape and color of the leaves and petioles which generate uncertainty in their identification for use in human food. This study aimed to analyze the morphological and molecular characteristics of X. sagittifolium and C. esculenta that may help in the popular and scientific identification of these species. The principal morphological characteristics of X. sagittifolium were as follows: leaves with subcoriaceous textures, basal insertion of the petiole, green pseudo-stem in the basal portion with exudate being white and the presence of two collector veins. Distinctive morphological characteristics of C. esculenta were as follows: leaves with velvety textures, peltate insertion of the petiole, pink pseudo-stem in the basal portion with pink exudate and presence of one collector vein. The morphological characteristics that can be used to distinguish Taioba from Taro are the basal petiole insertion of the first, against the petiole insertion near the center of the blade of the latter. Molecular analyses using eight Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR molecular markers simultaneously showed distinctive fingerprints for each of the species. These results contribute to the proper identification of the species used as a food source.

  12. Genetic characterization of local Criollo pig breeds from the Americas using microsatellite markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Revidatti, M A; Delgado Bermejo, J V; Gama, L T; Landi Periati, V; Ginja, C; Alvarez, L A; Vega-Pla, J L; Martínez, A M

    2014-11-01

    Little is known about local Criollo pig genetic resources and relationships among the various populations. In this paper, genetic diversity and relationships among 17 Criollo pig populations from 11 American countries were assessed with 24 microsatellite markers. Heterozygosities, F-statistics, and genetic distances were estimated, and multivariate, genetic structure and admixture analyses were performed. The overall means for genetic variability parameters based on the 24 microsatellite markers were the following: mean number of alleles per locus of 6.25 ± 2.3; effective number of alleles per locus of 3.33 ± 1.56; allelic richness per locus of 4.61 ± 1.37; expected and observed heterozygosity of 0.62 ± 0.04 and 0.57 ± 0.02, respectively; within-population inbreeding coefficient of 0.089; and proportion of genetic variability accounted for by differences among breeds of 0.11 ± 0.01. Genetic differences were not significantly associated with the geographical location to which breeds were assigned or their country of origin. Still, the NeighborNet dendrogram depicted the clustering by geographic origin of several South American breeds (Criollo Boliviano, Criollo of northeastern Argentina wet, and Criollo of northeastern Argentina dry), but some unexpected results were also observed, such as the grouping of breeds from countries as distant as El Salvador, Mexico, Ecuador, and Cuba. The results of genetic structure and admixture analyses indicated that the most likely number of ancestral populations was 11, and most breeds clustered separately when this was the number of predefined populations, with the exception of some closely related breeds that shared the same cluster and others that were admixed. These results indicate that Criollo pigs represent important reservoirs of pig genetic diversity useful for local development as well as for the pig industry.

  13. Genetic identification of Theobroma cacao L. trees with high Criollo ancestry in Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vázquez-Ovando, J A; Molina-Freaner, F; Nuñez-Farfán, J; Ovando-Medina, I; Salvador-Figueroa, M

    2014-12-12

    Criollo-type cacao trees are an important pool of genes with potential to be used in cacao breeding and selection programs. For that reason, we assessed the diversity and population structure of Criollo-type trees (108 cultivars with Criollo phenotypic characteristics and 10 Criollo references) using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Cultivars were selected from 7 demes in the Soconusco region of southern Mexico. SSRs amplified 74 alleles with an average of 3.6 alleles per population. The overall populations showed an average observed heterozygosity of 0.28, indicating heterozygote deficiency (average fixation index F = 0.50). However, moderate allelic diversity was found within populations (Shannon index for all populations I = 0.97). Bayesian method analysis determined 2 genetic clusters (K = 2) within individuals. In concordance, an assignment test grouped 37 multilocus genotypes (including 10 references) into a first cluster (Criollo), 54 into a second (presumably Amelonado), and 27 admixed individuals unassigned at the 90% threshold likely corresponding to the Trinitario genotype. This classification was supported by the principal coordinate analysis and analysis of molecular variance, which showed 12% of variation among populations (FST = 0.123, P cocoa.

  14. Los Criollos, las Cuidades y la Lengua: aproximaciones

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    Juan Antonio Ennis

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Lo criollo designa un término relacional, definido históricamente en la Hispanoamérica poscolonial por oposición a lo Europeo −a la antigua metrópoli peninsular y a las nuevas metrópolis neocoloniales− y a sus otros internos, los sujetos subalternos del orden emergente en las nuevas naciones latinoamericanas. Mary Louise Pratt (1992:328 lo define de este modo, en un recorrido por los textos en los cuales, desde Bolívar y Bello hasta Echeverría y Sarmiento, se dirimen los términos de la identidad latinoamericana en la novedosa experiencia de la descolonización. El criollo, en este contexto, debe pensar el des-linde, abonar el terreno para la gestión de un lugar de lo propio. Al dar cuenta de algunas de las operaciones de los martinfierristas en los años ‘20 del pasado siglo, Raúl Antelo (2008:122, por su parte, describe lo criollo como reapropiación de la cultura occidental, como “la constante construcción de una diferencia, que es también la búsqueda, en sí misma, de un modo sudamericano de ser universal”, a partir del establecimiento de “un desgarrado linde o entre-lugar que guarda la memoria del desgarramiento originario”.

  15. Normal bacterial flora from vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zambrano-Nava, Sunny; Boscán-Ocando, Julio; Nava, Jexenia

    2011-02-01

    In order to describe the normal bacterial flora in vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows, 51 healthy multiparous cows, at least 90-day postpartum, were selected. Duplicated swabs (N = 102) were taken from the vaginal fornix of cows to perform aerobic and anaerobic cultures as well as conventional biochemical tests. Out of 102 swabs, bacterial growth was obtained in 55 (53.9%) while the remaining 47 (46.1%) did not exhibited any bacterial growth. Of the 55 bacterial growths, 23 (41.8%) were aerobic whereas 32 (58.1%) were anaerobic. Likewise, 29 (52.72%) of bacterial growths were pure and 26 (47.27%) were mixed. Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, Gram positive bacteria were predominant (81.82% and 73.08%, respectively) over Gram negative bacteria (18.18% and 26.92%, respectively). Isolated bacteria were Arcanobacterium pyogenes (22.92%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.63%), Staphylococcus coagulase negative (17.71%), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (6.25%), Bacteroides spp. (13.54%), and Peptostreptococcus spp. (7.29%). In conclusion, normal vaginal bacterial flora of Criollo Limonero cows was predominantly Gram positive and included A. pyogenes, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, E. rhusiopathiae, Bacteroides spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. In Criollo Limonero cattle, adaptive aspects such as development of humoral and physical mechanisms for defense, and bacterial adaptation to host deserve research attention.

  16. El chile poblano criollo en la cultura alimentaria del Alto Atoyac

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    Luis Joaquín Pérez Carrasco

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El chile poblano criollo producido en la re-gión Alto Atoyac en Puebla, forma parte de la cultura alimenticia de la población, junto con el maíz y el frijol. Ya sea en fresco o en seco es un componente fundamental en muy diver-sos platillos como: el mole poblano, los chiles en nogada, las rajas con huevo, por mencio-nar algunos. El objetivo del trabajo fue el en-tender las razones sociales y culturales de lo planteado e identificar la problemática del cultivo de chile poblano criollo y los factores que favorecen que los productores persistan en su cultivo en la región. Metodología. Se realizaron entrevistas estructuradas, siguien-do el método de muestreo por “bola de nieve” (Snowball, empleado frecuentemente en es-tudios con poblaciones marginales. Resulta-dos. El sistema de producción predominante en el Alto Atoyac, es el chile poblano criollo intercalado en árboles frutales, con superficies de siembra igual o menor a 100 m2, estrategia usada por los productores para diversificar el riesgo de las enfermedades del cultivo y con ello asegurar la sobrevivencia de sus tradicio-nes culinarias y la permanencia de su semilla con sus propias características. Limitaciones. El trabajo de investigación no pudo abarcar el rendimiento de chile poblano en la región y del perfil del productor. Conclusiones. El chi-le poblano criollo en el Alto Atoyac, se siem-bra en superficies pequeñas y condiciones de temporal, intercalado en árboles frutales y es afectado por la enfermedad pudrición radical o secadera. El productor continúa sembrando su semilla de chile poblano criollo, como estra-tegia para conservar sus tradiciones en la elabo-ración de los alimentos y mitigar en lo posible los daños ocasionados por las enfermedades.

  17. Weight gain and behavior of Raramuri Criollo versus Corriente steers developed on Chihuahuan Desert rangeland

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ranchers that raise Criollo cattle must overcome the challenge of lack of markets for weaned calves. Raramuri Criollo (RC) steers are commonly raised for beef and finished on rangelands, while Corriente (CR) are often raised for rodeo sports. No data exist on weight gains and grazing behavior of ran...

  18. Abundant mtDNA diversity and ancestral admixture in Colombian criollo cattle (Bos taurus).

    OpenAIRE

    Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G; Bermudez, Nelson; Olivera-Angel, Martha; Estrada, Luzardo; Ossa, Jorge; Bedoya, Gabriel; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés

    2003-01-01

    Various cattle populations in the Americas (known as criollo breeds) have an origin in some of the first livestock introduced to the continent early in the colonial period (16th and 17th centuries). These cattle constitute a potentially important genetic reserve as they are well adapted to local environments and show considerable variation in phenotype. To examine the genetic ancestry and diversity of Colombian criollo we obtained mitochondrial DNA control region sequence information for 110 ...

  19. Effect of the planting material on the incidence of dry rot in Colocasia esculenta (L. Schott and Xanthosoma spp.

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    Ernesto Espinosa

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available The cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp. and Colocasia esculenta is a monocot plant with vegetative propagation. This work was developed with the aim of determining the effect of the planting material type on the incidence of dry rot in two cultivars of Colocasia and Xanthosoma genera. Primary and secondary rhizomes, crowns of primary rhizomes and in vitro plants were used. The plantation was maintained for twelve months and the plants were characterized morphologically in the growing stage. Besides, it was determined the incidence of dry rot per treatment at growing and harvest stage. Finally, the yield was determined. When in vitro plants were used the percentage of incidence and intensity of the damage of dry rot was less in both cultivars. The yield in primary rhizomes and overall was significantly higher. The results indicated the superiority of in vitro plants as initial plantation material over the traditional seed used in taro culture. Furthermore, it allows the designing a seed production program by biotechnological methods. Key words: clone, cocoyam, dry rot, in vitro plants.

  20. Morphometric changes in the hoof capsule of Criollo foals from birth to weaning

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    João Ricardo Malheiros de Souza

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: South America has numerous Criollo horse breeding farms; however, information on foal hoof growth is still limited and identifying the ideal periods to apply corrective trimming is a frequent concern for horse owners. In the present study, a morphometric analysis of hoof growth was performed on 46 Criollo foals from birth to weaning (0-8 months. Results showed that hoof growth rate was higher in the first four months followed by a decrease until the eighth month. Average growth rate of the hoof was 0.21cm per month, whereas that of the heel was 0.14cm per month. However, no significant differences were observed between medial and lateral heel length or between limbs. Coronary band perimeter and solar width showed an average increase of 0.97cm and 0.46cm per month, respectively, and were significantly correlated (r=0.99, P≤0.01. The characteristic most positively correlated to biometric variables was foal age, followed by solar width, toe length, and coronary band perimeter. In conclusion, hoof length increase in Criollo foals was more intensive during the first four months of life.

  1. Diversidad isoenzimática de mangos criollos de Chiapas, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. Gálvez-López

    2007-01-01

    enzimático, por si solo, permitió diferenciar a cada uno de los mangos estudiados; sin embargo, la unión de los sistemas enzimáticos GPI-1 y GPI-2, generó patrones únicos que permitieron caracterizar a los diferentes mangos. El dendrograma indicó la existencia de 83 % de similitud entre las variedades analizadas, formando tres grupos: uno incluyó al mango Pomarrosa, diferente al resto de los individuos; otro grupo incluyó a los individuos criollos con características similares del fruto, así como alta cantidad de fibra y de azúcares y no comercializables. El tercer grupo incluyó mangos comerciales y algunos criollos que son comercializados localmente y que comparten similitudes en algunas características del fruto, como ausencia de fibra en la pulpa, alta cantidad de azúcares, entre otras.

  2. Nutritional Evaluation of Non-Conventional Vegetables in Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, Luis Felipe Lima E; Souza, Douglas C DE; Resende, Luciane V; Nassur, Rita DE Cássia M R; Samartini, Carolina Q; Gonçalves, Wilson M

    2018-01-01

    The objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional compounds of interest present in vegetables known as non-conventional, in Brazil. The following evaluations were carried out: antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, calories, carbohydrates, humidity, lipids, proteins, fiber, acidity and quantification of minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B). The species studied were Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Basella alba L., Eryngium campestre L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Lactuca canadensis L., Rumex acetosa L., Stachys byzantina K. Koch, Tropaeolum majus L. and Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Representative samples of plant structures of interest were harvested from each species suitable for human consumption such as leaves, flowers and flower buds. The results were submitted to multivariate analysis - principal components analysis (PCA). All the species present nutritional compounds of interest in different levels among the evaluated structures.

  3. Breeding season of Criollo and Granadina goats under constant nutritional level in the Mexican highlands

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Valencia, J.; Zarco, L.; Ducoing, A.; Murcia, C.; Navarro, H.

    1990-01-01

    The objective of this work was to characterize the anoestrous season of Criollo and Granadina goats kept on a constant nutritional level to determine the time of year when ovarian activity ceases, the duration and depth of anoestrus, and the time at which these animals start cycling again. A sample of 19 Criollo and 11 Granadina goats were fed oat hay, concentrate and mineral salts to cover 100% of their nutritional requirements. All animals were adult, non-pregnant and non-lactating and were kept isolated from the males for the duration of the study. Blood samples, taken from all animals twice a week from November 1986 to July 1987 into heparinized tubes, were kept refrigerated until centrifugation for harvest of plasma and then frozen until assayed. Ovarian activity was monitored from the circulating levels of progesterone determined by the FAO/IAEA solid phase radioimmunoassay kit. Concentrations above 1 ng/mL were considered indicative of the presence of a functional corpus luteum and reproductive activity. The majority of the Criollo goats were cycling during November and December, ovarian activity decreasing gradually during February; from March to May most of the goats ceased to ovulate but ovarian activity resumed again in June or July; thus anoestrus was only evident during the spring. In contrast, Granadina goats had a longer and deeper anoestrus; 54% of these animals never showed significant increases in progesterone above basal levels during the period under study (November to July). The short anoestrous season of the Criollo goats and the weak inhibition of ovarian activity during this period suggest that these animals have a greater reproductive potential than the Granadina goats. (author). 21 refs, 7 figs

  4. Genetic differentiation among geographically isolated populations of Criollo cattle and their divergence from other Bos taurus breeds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Russell, N D; Rios, J; Erosa, G; Remmenga, M D; Hawkins, D E

    2000-09-01

    The microsatellites HEL5, HEL9, INRA063, and BM2113 were used to analyze genetic similarities and differences of geographically isolated Criollo cattle herds in Mexico. Criollo cattle from five counties within the state of Chihuahua and one county from the state of Tamaulipas (n = 60) were sampled. The five counties in Chihuahua included Cerocahui (n = 14), Chinipas (n = 10), Guachochi (n = 15), Morelos (n = 30), and Temoris (n = 9). Samples of DNA were amplified by PCR and separated on a 7% polyacrylamide gel. Microsatellite size was established by comparison to M13mp18 DNA ladder and a documented set of four bovine controls. Allele frequencies and genotypic deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were tested using the GENEPOP program. Eleven alleles were generated at HEL5 for the populations sampled (149 to 169 bp). Allele frequencies were greatest for the 163-bp allele in Criollo cattle from Cerocahui, Chinipas, Moralos, and Tamaulipas (0.23 to 0.5). Cattle from Guachochi had an allele frequency of 0.38 for the 151-bp allele, and cattle from Temoris had an allele frequency of 0.25 for the 149- and 167-bp alleles, with no 163-bp allele. Amplification with HEL9 produced 12 alleles (145, 149 to 169 bp) and showed common high-frequency alleles at 149, 157, and 159 bp for animals from all regions. The Chinipas population showed a moderate allele frequency at 145 bp; no other regions contained this allele. For INRA063 there were five alleles with 182 and 184 bp in low frequency. For BM2113 there were 10 alleles in the Criollo cattle (125 to 143 bp), with an equal distribution of frequencies for all alleles. In two regions, Guachochi and Morelos, genotypic frequencies deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Cattle from the Temoris region were genetically most distant from Criollo cattle of the other five regions.

  5. Nutritional Evaluation of Non-Conventional Vegetables in Brazil

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    LUIS FELIPE LIMA E SILVA

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional compounds of interest present in vegetables known as non-conventional, in Brazil. The following evaluations were carried out: antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, calories, carbohydrates, humidity, lipids, proteins, fiber, acidity and quantification of minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B. The species studied were Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Basella alba L., Eryngium campestre L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Lactuca canadensis L., Rumex acetosa L., Stachys byzantina K. Koch, Tropaeolum majus L. and Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Representative samples of plant structures of interest were harvested from each species suitable for human consumption such as leaves, flowers and flower buds. The results were submitted to multivariate analysis - principal components analysis (PCA. All the species present nutritional compounds of interest in different levels among the evaluated structures.

  6. Estrus behavior, ovarian dynamics, and progesterone secretion in Criollo cattle during estrous cycles with two and three follicular waves.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quezada-Casasola, Andrés; Avendaño-Reyes, Leonel; Macías-Cruz, Ulises; Ramírez-Godínez, José Alejandro; Correa-Calderón, Abelardo

    2014-04-01

    In beef and dairy cattle, the number of follicular waves affects endocrine, ovarian, and behavioral events during a normal estrous cycle. However, in Mexican-native Criollo cattle, a shortly and recently domesticated breed, the association between wave patterns and follicular development has not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of number of follicular waves in an estrous cycle on development of anovulatory and ovulatory follicles, corpus luteum (CL) development and functionality, as well as estrual behavior in Criollo cows. Ovarian follicular activities of 22 cycling multiparous Criollo cows were recorded daily by transrectal ultrasound examinations during a complete estrous cycle. Additionally, blood samples were collected daily to determine serum progesterone concentrations. Only two- (n = 17, 77.3%) and three-wave follicular (n = 5, 22.7%) patterns were observed. Duration of estrus, length of estrous cycle, and length of follicular and luteal phases were similar (P > 0.05) between cycles of two and three waves. Two-wave cows ovulated earlier (P 0.05) by number of waves. Growth rate of first dominant follicle was higher (P 0.05) between two- and three-wave patterns. In conclusion, Criollo cows have two or three follicular waves per estrous cycle, which alters partially ovulatory follicle development and ovulation time after detection of estrus. Length of estrous cycle, as well as CL development and functionality, was not affected by number of follicular waves.

  7. The economics of Raramuri Criollo versus British crossbred cattle production in the Chihuahuan Desert

    Science.gov (United States)

    Preliminary research indicates Raramuri Criollo cattle may range significantly further and forage in areas where traditional breeds rarely venture. They are thought to impose a lighter environmental footprint compared to their mainstream British crossbred counterparts. These small-frame animals are ...

  8. Movement and spatial proximity patterns of rangeland-raised Raramuri Criollo cow-calf pairs

    Science.gov (United States)

    The objective of this study was to compare movement patterns of nursing vs. nonnursing mature cows and to characterize cow-calf proximity patterns in two herds of Raramuri Criollo cattle. Herds grazed rangeland pastures in southern New Mexico (4355 ha) and west-central Chihuahua, Mexico (633 ha)'' A...

  9. Carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and meat quality of Criollo Argentino and Braford steers raised on forage in a semi-tropical region of Argentina.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Orellana, Carlos; Peña, F; García, A; Perea, J; Martos, J; Domenech, V; Acero, R

    2009-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare the carcass characteristics, cholesterol concentration, fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat, and meat quality of Criollo Argentino and Braford steers reared in an extensive system, without supplementation, and slaughtered at approximately 400kg live weight. The Braford steers had greater (PCriollo Argentino steers. The tissue composition of the 10th rib was: 68.1% vs. 63.6% muscle, 23.9% vs. 20.4% bone and 8.2% vs. 16.3% fat for the Criollo Argentino and Braford breeds, respectively. The meat of Longissimus muscle from Braford steers was lighter, redder, yellower and more tender than that from Criollo Argentino steers. The meat of Longissimus muscle from Braford steers had a higher fat content, similar protein and ash contents and a lower (P⩽0.001) cholesterol concentration than that from Criollo Argentino steers. The subcutaneous depot was the most saturated, while the intramuscular fat had the most polyunsaturated fatty acids. Intramuscular fat showed the highest ∑h fatty acids, and PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios and for MUFA/SFA, 16:0/18:0 and h/H ratios were not significantly different between adipose tissue depots. The influence of breed on the fatty acid profile varies among adipose tissues. In general, both intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat from Criollo steers contained more unsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids, than did fat from Braford steers.

  10. Characterization of cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp. corm flour from the Nazareno cultivar

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    Diana Carolina CORONELL-TOVAR

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The present study assessed the physical, chemical, functional, and microbiological properties of cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp. corm flour made from the Nazareno cultivar. The flour was initially submitted to a water-soaking process in order to reduce its high oxalate content. The soaked flour showed a high dietary fiber content (15.4% insoluble and 2.8% soluble fiber, and can be considered essentially an energy-rich food given its high starch content (60.5%, of which 85.04% was analyzed as amylopectin; it also showed a high potassium content (19.09 mg/g. The anti-nutritional component analysis showed low levels of oxalate (5.55 mg/g, saponins (0.10% and tannins (0.07%, while phytates were not detected. The flour had a high water and oil absorption capacity (9 - 11 g/g at 90 and 100 °C; 1.2 g/g and it gelatinized at between 81.81 - 89.58 °C. It was also microbiologically stable after storage for 9 months at room temperature. Development of a multipurpose flour from cocoyam corm could provide a value-added option for the local food industry.

  11. Genetic parameter estimation for long endurance trials in the Uruguayan Criollo horse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    López-Correa, R D; Peñagaricano, F; Rovere, G; Urioste, J I

    2018-06-01

    The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of performance in a 750-km, 15-day ride in Criollo horses. Heritability (h 2 ) and maternal lineage effects (mt 2 ) were obtained for rank, a relative placing measure of performance. Additive genetic and maternal lineage (rmt) correlations among five medium-to-high intensity phase ranks (pRK) and final rank (RK) were also estimated. Individual records from 1,236 Criollo horses from 1979 to 2012 were used. A multivariate threshold animal model was applied to the pRK and RK. Heritability was moderate to low (0.156-0.275). Estimates of mt 2 were consistently low (0.04-0.06). Additive genetic correlations between individual pRK and RK were high (0.801-0.924), and the genetic correlations between individual pRKs ranged from 0.763 to 0.847. The pRK heritabilities revealed that some phases were explained by a greater additive component, whereas others showed stronger genetic relationships with RK. Thus, not all pRK may be considered as similar measures of performance in competition. © 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  12. Mother-Offspring Interactions in Raramuri Criollo Cattle on New Mexico and Chihuahua (Mexico) Rangelands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rangeland beef cows spend approximately six months of a typical year raising their calf. This endeavor is known to significantly alter a dam’s grazing behavior and spatial distribution patterns. The objective of this study was to characterize cow-calf contact events in two herds of Raramuri Criollo ...

  13. Comparison of diet selection by Raramuri criollo and Angus crossbreds in the Chihuahuan Desert

    Science.gov (United States)

    Raramuri Criollo (RC) is a cattle biotype that has undergone natural selection for the past 500 years in northern Mexico. No information exists on diet selection for this biotype. The objective of this study was to compare diet selection of RC and Angus x Hereford crossbreds (AH) typically found in ...

  14. Evaluación de la producción de carne de ganado criollo patagónico

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    Nora Abbiati C.

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar la producción de carne del ganado Criollo Patagónico respecto al Angus y cruzas entre ambas razas. Materiales y métodos. Se dispuso de una muestra de 42 animales de los genotipos Criollo Patagónico, Angus y cruza entre ambos, clasificados en novillitos o vaquillonas, terminados en feed lot durante un período de 114 y 156 días, a partir de los cuales se conformaron ocho grupos de análisis desbalanceados. Para la parte exploratoria se empleó análisis factorial. Se usaron modelos lineales mixtos para contemplar las correlaciones entre las mediciones sobre un mismo animal. Resultados. Se pudo constatar diferencias entre las medias de los pesos a faena de los dos períodos de engorde y que esta ganancia de peso se depositó en los cortes de menor valor comercial. Con relación al rendimiento de los cortes de alto valor económico, se detectó interacción entre éstos y los grupos, identificándose diferencias entre grupos para algunos de los cortes. Conclusiones. En virtud de los resultados obtenidos, se considera promisoria la producción de carne del ganado Criollo Patagónico con relación al rendimiento de los cortes de alto valor económico, pues sus rendimientos medios sólo se vieron superados en bife ancho por su cruza con Angus.

  15. Roasting conditions for preserving cocoa flavan-3-ol monomers and oligomers: interesting behaviour of Criollo clones.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Taeye, Cédric; Bodart, Marie; Caullet, Gilles; Collin, Sonia

    2017-09-01

    Cocoa bean roasting is important for creating the typical chocolate aroma through Maillard reactions, but it is also a key step deleterious to the polyphenol content and profile. Compared with usual roasting at 150 °C, keeping the beans for 30 min at 120 °C or for 1 h at 90 °C proved much better for preventing strong degradation of native P1, P2 and P3 flavan-3-ols in cocoa (shown for Forastero, Trinitatio and Criollo cultivars). Surprisingly, Cuban, Mexican and Malagasy white-seeded beans behaved atypically when roasted for 30 min at 150 °C, releasing a pool of catechin. Enantiomeric chromatographic separation proved that this pool contained mainly (-)-catechin issued from (-)-epicatechin by epimerisation. As the (-)-epicatechin content remained relatively constant through Criollo bean roasting, flavan-3-ol monomers must have been regenerated from oligomers. This emergence of (-)-catechin in Criollo beans only, reported here for the first time, could be due to increased flavan-3-ol monomer stability in the absence of anthocyanidin-derived products. The degradation rate of flavan-3-ols through roasting is higher in cocoa beans containing anthocyani(di)ns. The liberation of a pool of (-)-catechin when submitted to roasting at 150 °C allows to distinguish white-seeded cultivars. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  16. Diario de un criollo anónimo sobre 20 de Julio de 1810

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Pumar Martínez

    1986-01-01

    Full Text Available Relación de un criollo acomodado de lo sucedido durante el día 20 de Julio de 1810 y algunos días después, hasta el 27 de Julio, en Santa Fé de Bogotá y en donde se hacen descripciones detalladas de lo acaecido en esos días en la capital.

  17. Weight gain and behavior of Raramuri Criollo versus crossbred steers developed on Chihuahuan Desert rangeland

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ranchers that raise Raramuri Criollo (RC) cattle must overcome the challenge of lack of markets for weaned calves. Growing and finishing RC or RC-crossbred steers on rangeland pastures is increasingly common; however, no data exist on their weight gains or grazing behavior. We tracked the weight a...

  18. Behavior of Raramuri Criollo vs. Angus-crossbred cows in relation to desert summer ambient heat conditions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cattle in the Chihuahuan Desert are exposed to extreme temperatures during certain times of year. We examined relationships between temperature and behavior for Angus Hereford (AH) and Raramuri Criollo (RC) cattle. We monitored 10 mature nursing cows of each breed that grazed separately in each of t...

  19. Vegetation selection by Angus crossbred vs. Raramuri Criollo nursing cows grazing Chihuauan Desert rangeland in summer

    Science.gov (United States)

    We examined vegetation selection patterns of nursing Angus X Hereford crossbred (AH) and Raramuri Criollo (RC) cows grazing Chihuahuan Desert vegetation during the growing season. Eleven cows of each group grazed separately in two large pastures (1190ha, 1165ha) from mid-July until mid-August 2015 (...

  20. Inferring genetic parameters of lactation in Tropical Milking Criollo cattle with random regression test-day models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santellano-Estrada, E; Becerril-Pérez, C M; de Alba, J; Chang, Y M; Gianola, D; Torres-Hernández, G; Ramírez-Valverde, R

    2008-11-01

    This study inferred genetic and permanent environmental variation of milk yield in Tropical Milking Criollo cattle and compared 5 random regression test-day models using Wilmink's function and Legendre polynomials. Data consisted of 15,377 test-day records from 467 Tropical Milking Criollo cows that calved between 1974 and 2006 in the tropical lowlands of the Gulf Coast of Mexico and in southern Nicaragua. Estimated heritabilities of test-day milk yields ranged from 0.18 to 0.45, and repeatabilities ranged from 0.35 to 0.68 for the period spanning from 6 to 400 d in milk. Genetic correlation between days in milk 10 and 400 was around 0.50 but greater than 0.90 for most pairs of test days. The model that used first-order Legendre polynomials for additive genetic effects and second-order Legendre polynomials for permanent environmental effects gave the smallest residual variance and was also favored by the Akaike information criterion and likelihood ratio tests.

  1. Physicochemical, morphological, and rheological characterization of Xanthosoma robustum Lego-like starch.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Londoño-Restrepo, Sandra M; Rincón-Londoño, Natalia; Contreras-Padilla, Margarita; Acosta-Osorio, Andrés A; Bello-Pérez, Luis A; Lucas-Aguirre, Juan C; Quintero, Víctor D; Pineda-Gómez, Posidia; del Real-López, Alicia; Rodríguez-García, Mario E

    2014-04-01

    This work presents the physicochemical and pasting characterization of isolated mafafa starch and mafafa flour (Xanthosoma robustum). According to SEM images of mafafa starches in the tuber, these starches form Lego-like shaped structures with diameters between 8 and 35 μm conformed by several starch granules of wedge shape that range from 2 to 7 μm. The isolated mafafa starch is characterized by its low contents of protein, fat, and ash. The starch content in isolated starch was found to be 88.58% while the amylose content obtained was 35.43%. X-ray diffraction studies confirm that isolated starch is composed mainly by amylopectin. These results were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetric analysis. This is the first report of the molecular parameters for mafafa starch: molar mass that ranged between 2×10(8) and 4×10(8) g/mol, size (Rg) value between 279 and 295 nm, and molecular density value between 9.2 and 9.7 g/(mol nm(3)). This study indicates that mafafa starch shows long chains of amylopectin this fact contributes to higher viscosity development and higher gel stability. The obtained gel phase is transparent in the UV-vis region. The viscosity, gel stability and optical properties suggest that there is potential for mafafa starch applications in the food industry. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Quantitative study of Xanthosoma violaceum leaf surfaces using RIMAPS and variogram techniques.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Favret, Eduardo A; Fuentes, Néstor O; Molina, Ana M

    2006-08-01

    Two new imaging techniques (rotated image with maximum averaged power spectrum (RIMAPS) and variogram) are presented for the study and description of leaf surfaces. Xanthosoma violaceum was analyzed to illustrate the characteristics of both techniques. Both techniques produce a quantitative description of leaf surface topography. RIMAPS combines digitized images rotation with Fourier transform, and it is used to detect patterns orientation and characteristics of surface topography. Variogram relates the mathematical variance of a surface with the area of the sample window observed. It gives the typical scale lengths of the surface patterns. RIMAPS detects the morphological variations of the surface topography pattern between fresh and dried (herbarium) samples of the leaf. The variogram method finds the characteristic dimensions of the leaf microstructure, i.e., cell length, papillae diameter, etc., showing that there are not significant differences between dry and fresh samples. The results obtained show the robustness of RIMAPS and variogram analyses to detect, distinguish, and characterize leaf surfaces, as well as give scale lengths. Both techniques are tools for the biologist to study variations of the leaf surface when different patterns are present. The use of RIMAPS and variogram opens a wide spectrum of possibilities by providing a systematic, quantitative description of the leaf surface topography.

  3. Use of an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted video camera to assess feeding behavior of Raramuri Criollo cows

    Science.gov (United States)

    We determined the feasibility of using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) video monitoring to predict intake of discrete food items of rangeland-raised Raramuri Criollo non-nursing beef cows. Thirty-five cows were released into a 405-m2 rectangular dry lot, either in pairs (pilot tests) or individually (...

  4. Mesquite seed density in fecal samples of Raramuri Criollo vs. Angus x Hereford cows grazing Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland

    Science.gov (United States)

    This study was part of a larger project investigating breed-related differences in feeding habits of Raramuri Criollo (RC) versus Angus x Hereford (AH) cows. Seed densities in fecal samples collected in July and August 2015 were analyzed to compare presumed mesquite bean consumption of RC and AH cow...

  5. Claudicação em cavalos Crioulos atletas Lameness in athletic Criollo horses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henrique Castagna de Abreu

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as principais causas de claudicação em cavalos Crioulos em treinamento para a prova do Freio de Ouro e competições de rédeas. Foram avaliados os registros clínicos de 201 cavalos Crioulos, 5,6 2,1 anos de idade, submetidos a exame físico devido à presença de claudicação ou histórico de baixo rendimento atlético entre os anos de 2002 a 2009. A claudicação foi localizada nos membros torácicos e pélvicos em 47,1% (n=105 e 52,9% (n=118, respectivamente. Nos machos, houve uma predominância de claudicação nos membros pélvicos (60,0% e nas fêmeas nos membros torácicos (57,1%. Nos membros torácicos, 17,1% (18/105 das alterações foram diagnosticadas proximais à articulação metacarpofalangeana, 14,3% (15/105 na articulação metacarpofalangeana e 68,6% (72/105 estavam localizadas distais à articulação metacarpofalangeana. Nos membros pélvicos, 78,8% (93/118 apresentaram a origem da dor na região do tarso, 17,8% (21/118 proximal ao tarso e 3,4% (4/118 distal ao tarso. As articulações interfalangeanas distais e intertarsiana distal/tarsometatarsiana são importantes fontes de dor e inflamação e estiveram mais frequentemente envolvidas em claudicações de membro torácico e pélvico, respectivamente. Os cavalos Crioulos apresentam problemas de claudicação semelhantes aos descritos em outras raças que participam de provas de rodeio.This study aimed to identify the source of lameness in Criollo horses that are competing in the most important discipline for this breed in Southern Brazil and also in reining competitions. Clinical records of adult Criollo horses (n=201, 5.6 2.1 years of age, that underwent lameness examination due to history of poor performance or lameness between 2002/2009 were analyzed. Lameness was diagnosed in the front limbs in 47.1% (n=105 and in the hind limbs 52.9% of the cases (n=118. In males 60.0% of the lameness cases were located in the hind limbs. In

  6. The cacao Criollo genome v2.0: an improved version of the genome for genetic and functional genomic studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Argout, X; Martin, G; Droc, G; Fouet, O; Labadie, K; Rivals, E; Aury, J M; Lanaud, C

    2017-09-15

    Theobroma cacao L., native to the Amazonian basin of South America, is an economically important fruit tree crop for tropical countries as a source of chocolate. The first draft genome of the species, from a Criollo cultivar, was published in 2011. Although a useful resource, some improvements are possible, including identifying misassemblies, reducing the number of scaffolds and gaps, and anchoring un-anchored sequences to the 10 chromosomes. We used a NGS-based approach to significantly improve the assembly of the Belizian Criollo B97-61/B2 genome. We combined four Illumina large insert size mate paired libraries with 52x of Pacific Biosciences long reads to correct misassembled regions and reduced the number of scaffolds. We then used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) methods to increase the proportion of the assembly anchored to chromosomes. The scaffold number decreased from 4,792 in assembly V1 to 554 in V2 while the scaffold N50 size has increased from 0.47 Mb in V1 to 6.5 Mb in V2. A total of 96.7% of the assembly was anchored to the 10 chromosomes compared to 66.8% in the previous version. Unknown sites (Ns) were reduced from 10.8% to 5.7%. In addition, we updated the functional annotations and performed a new RefSeq structural annotation based on RNAseq evidence. Theobroma cacao Criollo genome version 2 will be a valuable resource for the investigation of complex traits at the genomic level and for future comparative genomics and genetics studies in cacao tree. New functional tools and annotations are available on the Cocoa Genome Hub ( http://cocoa-genome-hub.southgreen.fr ).

  7. EFECTO DE NaCl Y CaCl2 EN EL DESARROLLO DE EJES EMBRIONARIOS DE Persea americana Mill CRIOLLO y 'HASS' CULTIVADOS in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leobarda Guadalupe Ramírez-Guerrero

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar materiales de aguacate tolerantes a salinidad, útiles como portainjertos. Se sembraron in vitro ejes embrionarios de aguacate criollo y 'Hass' en medio Murashige y Skoog al 100 % de su composición nutrimental en condiciones salinas inducidas con NaCl y CaCl2. Se emplearon cinco niveles de cada sal (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 %, así como la combinación de éstas en proporción 1,1. Se estudió germinación, emergencia, enraizamiento y supervivencia de brotes de aguacate. El criollo superó al 'Hass' con el 21 % de germinación, 36 % de emergencia, con aproximadamente el 50 % en cada una de las variables de crecimiento y el 10 % de supervivencia de plántulas. El desarrollo de los ejes embrionarios fue más limitado en los tratamientos con NaCl en comparación a los establecidos en CaCl2 y NaCl,CaCl2. Con la técnica in vitro se determinó a los 65 días de cultivo que el material criollo fue más tolerante al estrés salino con respecto al 'Hass'.

  8. Variability of hair coat and skin traits as related to adaptation in Criollo Limonero cattle.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Landaeta-Hernández, Antonio; Zambrano-Nava, Sunny; Hernández-Fonseca, Juan P; Godoy, Rosario; Calles, Marcos; Iragorri, José L; Añez, Lauderys; Polanco, Miguel; Montero-Urdaneta, Merilio; Olson, Tim

    2011-03-01

    The variation in hair coat and skin histology traits of Criollo Limonero cattle was analyzed using 213 Criollo Limonero females. Skin biopsies were obtained from slick-haired (N=16) and normal-haired (N=14) animals. Measured traits included hair length (HL), color coat (CC), number of hair follicles per square centimeter (NHF), sweat glands per square centimeter (NSG), sweat glands size (SGS), sebaceous glands per square centimeter (NSBG), blood vessels per square centimeter (NBV), and thickness of epidermis (TE). Hair length differed (P0.05) were found between slick-haired and normal-haired animals in NHF (637 ± 164 vs 587 ± 144, respectively), NSG (556 ± 134 vs 481 ± 118, respectively), NSBG (408 ± 87 vs 366 ± 77, respectively), NBV (1628 ± 393 vs 1541 ± 346, respectively), and TE (1.24 ± 0.14 vs 1.32 ± 0.12, respectively). However, SGS was greater (PCriollo Limonero cattle are predominantly bayo-coated, slick-haired, with a reduced number of hair follicles relative to Zebu cattle, sweat and sebaceous glands in proportion to hair follicle numbers, and with a high blood flow irrigating the skin. There is a sub-group of red-coated animals with yellow or cream skin, thicker epidermis, and with a higher frequency of normal-haired animals. It appears that the slick hair gene has been favored by natural selection in this breed.

  9. Evaluation of the Criollo breed Romosinuano as purebred and crossbred cows with Brahman and Angus in Florida. I. Reproduction and parturition

    Science.gov (United States)

    The objectives of this work were to compare reproduction and parturition traits of the Criollo breed Romosinuano as straightbred and crossbred cows with Angus and Brahman, to estimate heterosis and direct and maternal genetic breed effects, and to describe calf loss, cow removals from the project, t...

  10. Nutrição mineral do mangarito num Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo Mineral nutrition of Xanthosoma mafaffa under cerrado soil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Candido A da Costa

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de caracterizar as limitações nutricionais para a produção de matéria seca do mangarito [(Xanthosoma mafaffa (L. Schott], conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação com amostras da camada de 0-20 cm de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo sob vegetação de cerrado, coletado no município de Montes Claros, MG. O cultivo foi realizado em vasos de 3 L de capacidade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em treze tratamentos, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram baseados na técnica do elemento faltante (em que se omite a calagem e cada um dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes. A ordem decrescente dos tratamentos que mais afetaram a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea foi: -Calagem> -P > -S > testemunha > -B > -Calagem+Ca+Mg > -N > -K. A omissão de Ca, Mg, Zn e Cu não afetaram a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea. A ordem decrescente dos tratamentos que mais afetaram a produção de matéria seca de raízes foi: -B > -Mg > -Calagem+Ca+Mg > -K > -N > -Zn > -Calagem > -S > -Cu > -Ca > -Cu > -Ca > testemunha > -P.The aim of this work was to characterize the nutritional limitations for dry matter production of Xanthosoma mafaffa (L. Schott. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 0-20 cm samples of a Oxisol under cerrado vegetation, collected at Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The cultivation was conducted in 3 L pots. The experimental design was totally randomized with 13 treatments and three replications. Treatments were based on the missing element technique (with omission of liming and each one of the macro and micronutrients. The decreasing order of treatments that more influenced the aerial dry matter production was: -liming> -P > -S > test > -B > -liming+Ca+Mg > -N > -K. The omission of Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu did not influence the aerial dry matter production. The decreasing order of treatments that influenced the root dry matter production was: -B > - Mg

  11. Extent and impact of dry rot in Xanthosoma sagittifolium (l. Schott and Colocasia esculenta (l. Schott in Cuba

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    E. Espinosa Cuéllar

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available With the objective of determining the grower perception about t he importance of dry rot on tanier or taro, and the affected rhizome percentage, an interview was des igned and apllied in all provinces from 2008 to 2010. The work included a total of 119 of the 159 municipalities wher e the crop is planted. Based on growers answers, damage caused by this syndrome was identified in 87.82% of the municipalities sampled. When harvesting is developed at the optimun moment 10 to 12 months after planting, rhizomes may show damages between 5 and 20 %. Damage will increase from 21 to 40% if harvesting takes a lo nger period. The origin of planting material and its management constitute one of the main causes for the disease in crement. The average incidence percentage in the country was 23.61% which represent 45.37% in relation to the to tal planted area. The disease incidence occurs mainly in red soils and in summer season.

  12. Medicinal Plant Diversity and Inter-Cultural Interactions between Indigenous Guarani, Criollos and Polish Migrants in the Subtropics of Argentina

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kujawska, Monika; Hilgert, Norma I.; Keller, Héctor A.; Gil, Guillermo

    2017-01-01

    Numerous studies highlight the importance of phytotherapy for indigenous and non-indigenous people in different parts of the world. In this work we analyze the richness (number of species), diversity (plant identity and the number of illnesses for which it is used) and similarity of plant species and illnesses treated with them, in order to contribute new data and insight into the importance of plant medicines to the local medical systems of people living in Misiones province, in the subtropics of Argentina. Three sympatric groups were compared: Guarani Indians, Criollos (mestizos) and Polish migrants. Quantitative scrutiny was focused on both primary and secondary sources. The similarity and diversity of medicinal plants and uses between groups was calculated by applying the Sørensen quantitative coefficient and the Shannon-Wiener index, respectively. In order to identify the characteristic plant species used by each group, the Cultural Importance and Prevalence Value (CIPV) was calculated based on the species Indicator Value (IndVal), which combines a species relative abundance with its relative frequency of occurrence in the various groups, and modified according to the type of the analyzed data. The important finding is a great variation in the number of species used by the study groups. Altogether, 509 botanical species were registered: Guarani (397), Criollos (243) and Polish migrants (137). For all groups, the use of native medicinal plants prevailed. The Guarani appear to be the local experts in use of medicinal plants. There is the significant difference in the number of treated illnesses by each taxon among three groups. Criollos and Polish migrants exhibit the greatest similarity in illnesses treated with medicinal plants. These groups share a corpus of knowledge related to illness nosology, and have a symptomatic approach to illness treatment. The Guarani have an etiological approach to illness diagnosis and healing, which may be viewed as a barrier to

  13. Medicinal Plant Diversity and Inter-Cultural Interactions between Indigenous Guarani, Criollos and Polish Migrants in the Subtropics of Argentina.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kujawska, Monika; Hilgert, Norma I; Keller, Héctor A; Gil, Guillermo

    2017-01-01

    Numerous studies highlight the importance of phytotherapy for indigenous and non-indigenous people in different parts of the world. In this work we analyze the richness (number of species), diversity (plant identity and the number of illnesses for which it is used) and similarity of plant species and illnesses treated with them, in order to contribute new data and insight into the importance of plant medicines to the local medical systems of people living in Misiones province, in the subtropics of Argentina. Three sympatric groups were compared: Guarani Indians, Criollos (mestizos) and Polish migrants. Quantitative scrutiny was focused on both primary and secondary sources. The similarity and diversity of medicinal plants and uses between groups was calculated by applying the Sørensen quantitative coefficient and the Shannon-Wiener index, respectively. In order to identify the characteristic plant species used by each group, the Cultural Importance and Prevalence Value (CIPV) was calculated based on the species Indicator Value (IndVal), which combines a species relative abundance with its relative frequency of occurrence in the various groups, and modified according to the type of the analyzed data. The important finding is a great variation in the number of species used by the study groups. Altogether, 509 botanical species were registered: Guarani (397), Criollos (243) and Polish migrants (137). For all groups, the use of native medicinal plants prevailed. The Guarani appear to be the local experts in use of medicinal plants. There is the significant difference in the number of treated illnesses by each taxon among three groups. Criollos and Polish migrants exhibit the greatest similarity in illnesses treated with medicinal plants. These groups share a corpus of knowledge related to illness nosology, and have a symptomatic approach to illness treatment. The Guarani have an etiological approach to illness diagnosis and healing, which may be viewed as a barrier to

  14. Study on The Potency of Methanol Extracts From Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld As Natural Anti Oxidant by Thiobarbituric Acid Method

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    Devi Ratnawati

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available In this research Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld (the Purple yam was selected as experimental material. This plant was collected from Rejang Lebong region, Bengkulu Province. Methanol extract 96% from stem of purple yam was studied its anti-oxidant activity in various concentrations with α-tocopherol (200 ppm as standard of antioxidant. Antioxidant activity was determined using Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA method. Linoleic acid was oxidized at 40 ºC for seven days with or without extract and the final product malondialdehyde (MDA was reacted with thiostembituric acid to be of red colored complex (MDA-TBA and was then measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer at λ 532 nm. Stem extract of purple yam with concentration of 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm respectively had the inhibition of 19.32%, 21.85%, 29.47%, and 31.05%. α-Tocopherol as positive control which showed inhibition ability of 85.14% at 200 ppm. Based on the result obtained in this study, the stem’s extract of Purpel yam plant showed that antioxidant activity was lower than α-tocopherol.

  15. The relic Criollo cacao in Belize- genetic diversity and relationship with Trinitario and other cacao clones held in the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is native to the South American rainforest but it was domesticated in Mesoamerica. The relic Criollo cocoa in Belize has been well known in the premium chocolate market for its high-quality. Knowledge of genetic diversity in this variety is essential for efficient conserva...

  16. Social y culturalmente ambiguos: criollos-mestizos de Tucumán, siglo XVII Socially and culturally ambiguous: criollo-mestizo population of Tucumán (Argentina, 17th century

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Estela Noli

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la influencia de las sociedades indígenas sobre los descendientes de conquistadores españoles, los criollos. Se estudiará el caso de Juan Jordán de Trejo y los impedimentos presentados por una facción del cabildo de San Miguel de Tucumán a su admisión como teniente de gobernador. Este individuo descendía de una familia encomendera de Tafí, llamada Melián de Leguizamo y Guevara, pero pertenecía a una rama no favorecida del linaje y se desempeñaba como administrador de ese pueblo. Se indagará sobre las características de su mestizaje en el que destaca, a modo de espejo -de la españolización u occidentalización de los indios-, el manejo fluido de la lengua indígena, el conocimiento de las sociedades prehispánicas y sus territorios y el analfabetismo. Se analizará su rol como mediador interétnico (passeur culturel y las ventajas y obstáculos de este perfil en distintas coyunturas para el desempeño social y político en el grupo dominante.This article analyzes the influence of indigenous societies on the descendants of Spanish conquistadors, known as criollos. The subject is approached through a case study which shows how a faction of San Miguel de Tucumán town council (cabildo tried to prevent the admission of Juan Jordán de Trejo as deputy governor (teniente de gobernador. He belonged to the Melián de Leguizamo y Guevara family, owners of encomiendas in Tafí, but his lower lineage made him served as the town's administrator. Specific characteristics of his intercultural persona resembling a mirror image -referred to as Spanishization or Westernization of the Indians- will be studied, including his fluency in the indigenous language, his knowledge of pre-Hispanic societies and their territories and his illiteracy. His role as interethnic mediator (passeur culturel, and the advantages and drawbacks such a profile presents at different junctures, for social and political participation in the dominant

  17. EFECTO DEL GENOTIPO Y DE LA DIETA EN LA DIGESTIBILIDAD RECTAL DE NUTRIENTES Y SALIDA FECAL DE CERDOS CRIOLLO CUBANO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Ly

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Se usaron cuatro cerdos Criollo Cubanos y cuatro cerdos Cubanos CC21, machos y con un peso inicial de 30 kg de acuerdo con un diseño de cambio en arreglo factorial 2 x 2 para estudiar el efecto del genotipo y de una dieta basada en cereales y granos conteniendo 6 o 12% de fibra cruda, en la digestibilidad rectal y salida fecal de materiales. El consumo de alimento fue igual a 100 g MS/kgPV0.75 por día, suministrado a las 9:00 h am en una sola ración. La fuente de fibra fue palmiche (fruto de palma real, Roystonea regia H.B.K. Cook suministrado seco y molido incluida al 20% al alimento. Los cerdos Criollo Cubanos fueron de la reserva genética localizada en el centro de Cuba (Cabaiguán y no estaban sujetos a ningún programa de mejoramiento genético. No hubo efecto significativo (P>0.05 de la interacción genotipo x dieta en ninguna medida. No se observaron diferencias (P>0.05 en la digestibilidad rectal de la MS, cenizas, materia orgánica, fibra cruda y nitrógeno entre los genotipos de cerdos; los promedios sólo muestran diferencias numéricas en favor de los cerdos CC21. De una manera similar, se halló que la dieta que contenía 12% de fibra, determinó un incremento no significativo (P>0.05 de la digestibilidad rectal de la fibra cruda o una reducción no significativa (P>0.05 de la digestibilidad rectal de la MS, materia orgánica y nitrógeno con respecto a la dieta sin harina de palmiche. La salida fecal de material fresco fue numéricamente mayor en los cerdos Criollo Cubanos y en la dieta con 12% de fibra (675 y 570 g/kg MS ingerida, pero sin efecto significativo (P>0.05. Se considera que la digestibilidad rectal de dietas basadas en granos y cereales que contengan 20% de harina de palmiche pudiera ser mayor en los cerdos Criollo Cubanos que en los mejorados, exóticos, en comparación con lo que ocurre con dietas suministrada ad libitum en animales alimentados con melaza de caña de az

  18. Gauchos que lloran: masculinidades sentimentales en el imaginario criollista / Gauchos who Cry: Sentimental Masculinities in Criollo Imaginary

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    Ana Peluffo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The present paper studies a canonical text in Argentinean literature, the Martín Fierro (1872-1878, by José Hernández. The objective is to explore, based on a debate on masculinity and nation,the sentimental side of criollo culture. Although Hernández’s gaucho is usually thought of as the archetype of a stoic masculinity that represses its emotions in order to fight wars at the border, this paper will show how that predominating notion undermines the tearful affective excesses constantly taking place in the text.

  19. Characteristics of Xanthosoma sagittifolium roots during cooking, using physicochemical analysis, uniaxial compression, multispectral imaging and low field NMR spectroscopy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Boakye, Abena Achiaa; Gudjónsdóttir, María; Skytte, Jacob Lercke

    2017-01-01

    and white varieties of cocoyam roots were thus analysed by low field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry, multispectral imaging, uniaxial compression testing, and relevant physicochemical analysis in the current study. Both varieties had similar dry matter content, as well as physical and mechanical...... of that spectral region for rapid analysis of dry matter and water content of the roots. The small, but significant differences in the structural and gelatinization characteristics of the two varieties indicated that they may not be equally suited for further processing, e.g. to flours or starches. Processors thus...

  20. Análisis de la diversidad genética de una población de caballos Criollo Argentino mediante polimorfismos de nucleótido simple de los genes IL12B y TNF-α

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    Claudia Corbi Botto

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available La caracterización de una población es el primer paso en el camino hacia su conservación y utilización. La raza Criollo Argentino es una de las referentes de la especie equina en Argentina y, por lo tanto, un patrimonio ganadero local que representa un recurso único en cuanto a la identidad y al sistema productivo del país. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar una población de caballos Criollo Argentino del norte de Argentina por medio de la caracterización de la variabilidad genética de cuatro marcadores moleculares del tipo single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP localizados en los genes que codifican para las citoquinas IL-12B y TNF-α. Se recolectaron muestras de 50 caballos Criollo Argentino y se extrajo ADN genómico que se utilizó para tipificar mediante PCR-Pirosecuenciación®, tres SNPs en el promotor del gen TNF-α y uno localizado en el exón 5 del gen IL-12B. Se estimaron frecuencias génicas y genotípicas, equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y diversidad genética. En IL-12B se detectaron dos alelos, mientras que en TNF-α se observaron 4 haplotipos, entre ellos uno no descripto hasta el momento en equinos. Los resultados muestran que la heterocigosis esperada fue superior en TNF-α (He=0,764 y la población se encuentra en equilibrio para el locus IL-12B (p-valor ≥0,05. Se destaca la importancia del caballo Criollo Argentino como acervo génico para el estudio de características genéticas y enfermedades de la especie equina.

  1. Body condition and stage of seasonal anestrus interact to determine the ovulatory response after male biostimulation in anovulatory Criollo × Nubian goats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vera-Avila, Hector R; Urrutia-Morales, Jorge; Espinosa-Martinez, Mario A; Gamez-Vazquez, Hector G; Jimenez-Severiano, Hector; Villagomez-Amezcua, Eugenio

    2017-06-01

    The effect of goat nutritional condition on the response to biostimulation with sexually active males during different stages of anestrus was determined. Fifty-eight Criollo × Nubian females on high and low body mass index (BMI) diets were used. Each BMI group was divided into two for biostimulation with sexually active males during May (mid-anestrus) or July (transition period). Ovulatory responses to biostimulation were characterized from serum progesterone, as well as the delay for response (first and second ovulations followed by a normal length luteal phase, O-WNLP). The percentage of goats showing one O-WNLP was greater in the high BMI group than in the low BMI group and greater during the transition period than in the mid-anestrus. However, the interaction between factors revealed that the difference between BMI groups was only significant in the transition period and the difference between stages was only significant in goats with high BMI. Occurrence of a second O-WNLP tended to be greater in the high BMI group than in the low BMI group. Response delay was shorter in the transition period than in mid-anestrus. In conclusion, female nutritional status interacting with the stage of anestrus determined the ovulatory response to male biostimulation in crossbred Criollo goats. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

  2. Monte criollo y Palermo. Cruce entre películas de gangsters, film noir y el imaginario del criollismo tanguero

    OpenAIRE

    Pablo Setton, Román

    2015-01-01

    El siguiente trabajo analiza las películas Monte criollo (1935) y Palermo (1937), de Arturo S. Mom como dos ejemplos de las primeras aproximaciones del cine argentino al género policial o crime film. En ese sentido, discutimos los modos en que estas películas trabajan, por un lado, con motivos del cine negro y de las películas de gangsters, es decir, los modelos del cine clásico hollywoodense y, por otro, cómo fusionan estas tradiciones con elementos propios de la cultura popul...

  3. The effect of supplementary feeding on the resilience and resistance of browsing Criollo kids against natural gastrointestinal nematode infections during the rainy season in tropical Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Torres-Acosta, J F J; Jacobs, D E; Aguilar-Caballero, A; Sandoval-Castro, C; May-Martinez, M; Cob-Galera, L A

    2004-10-05

    The objective was to determine the effect of supplementary feeding on the resilience and resistance of Criollo kids against natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections, when browsing native vegetation during the wet season in tropical Mexico. Thirty-four 2-month old Criollo kids, raised nematode free, were included at weaning in a 22-week trial. The kids were placed into four groups. Two groups of 8 kids were offered 100g/day soybean and sorghum meal (26%:74%, respectively fresh basis) (treated/supplemented (T-S) and infected/supplemented (I-S)). Two groups remained with no supplement for the duration of the trial (infected/non-supplemented (I-NS) (n = 10) and treated/non-supplemented (T-NS) (n = 8)). Kids in groups T-S and T-NS were drenched with 0.2mg of moxidectin/kg body weight orally (Cydectin, Fort Dodge) every 28 days. Groups I-S and I-NS were naturally infected with GIN. The animals browsed native vegetation (for an average of 7h/day) together with a herd of 120 naturally infected adult goats. Cumulative live weight gain (CLWG), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total plasma protein and plasma albumin were recorded every 14 days as measurements of resilience. Resistance parameters (faecal egg counts (FEC) and peripheral eosinophil counts (PEC)) were also measured. Bulk faecal cultures were made for each group every 28 days. Every month a new pair of tracer kids assessed the infectivity of the vegetation browsed by the animals. The T-S group had the highest CLWG, PCV and Hb compared to the other three groups (P 0.05), while the I-NS group had the poorest CLWG, PCV and Hb (P Criollo kids against natural GIN infections and was economically feasible. Improved resistance was also suggested by the PEC but was not confirmed in the FEC.

  4. La agricultura de las Antillas: un aporte substancial al mundo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mois\\u00E9s Blanco

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir del 12 de octubre de 1492, el mundo ya no fue el mismo. El almirante Cristóbal Colón tocaba tierras de un nuevo continente, al que posteriormente llamarían América. Cuando descubrió Las Antillas, encontró que estas islas estaban habitadas por diversas tribus donde la agricultura era el epicentro de sus vidas y de sus costumbres. De ella se han heredado muchas, las cuales se encuentran vigentes en el uso cotidiano. El presente trabajo hace descripción de algunas de estas vigencias y se citan ejemplos de su variada influencia como los nombres de: maní (Arachis hypogea L., maíz (Zea mays L., guanábana (Annona muricata L., pitahaya (Hylocerus undatus B & G y tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L., en usos particulares en el caso del mamey (Mammea americana L., icaco (Chysobalanus icaco L. y yuca (Manihot esculenta C., con propósito alimenticio el quequisque (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Sh, batata (Ipomoea batatas L. y topee tambo (Callathea allonia y de origen autóctono como la piña (Ananas comosus L., nancite (Byrsonima crassifolia H. B. K., guayaba (Psidium guajava L., coco (Cocos nucí- fera L., caimito (Chysophylum cainito L., guayacán (Guayacum sanctum L. y la caoba (Swietenia microphyla L..

  5. Evaluación de la calidad físico-química y bacteriológica del agua subterránea en pozos criollos del municipio de Moa

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    Osvaldo Fernández-Urgellés

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Los pobladores de los repartos Las Coloradas y La Playa (municipio de Moa utilizan para el consumo humano agua subterránea procedente de pozos criollos cuando falla la distribución de agua potable a través de la red hidrológica. Para conocer los componentes generales, mayoritarios y no deseables se evaluó la calidad físico-química y bacteriológica de estas aguas. Se emplearon las técnicas analíticas convencionales así como métodos gráficos. Los resultados reflejaron la presencia de elementos no deseables, indicadores de contaminación, que sobrepasan los índices establecidos para el consumo humano como agua potable. Los resultados del análisis bacteriológico evidenciaron la presencia de bacilos de colis y colifecales, siendo fundamentalmente su composición fecal lo que determina su estado sanitario. Se concluye que las aguas de los pozos criollos estudiados no responden a los requisitos establecidos en las normas para consumo humano.

  6. Polimorfismo genético de beta-lactoglobulina y alphalactoalbúmina en el ganado criollo colombiano, mediante PCR-SSCP

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    Jaime A Rosero-Alpala

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available La población de ganado criollo colombiano ha venido presentando una inquietante disminución al pasar de 23.415 ejemplares en 1999 a 20.102 en 2003. A pesar de los esfuerzos por recuperar las razas criollas el panorama para su conservación es incierto, por tanto la búsqueda de caracteres deseables puede contribuir a su valoración y conservación. Los genes relacionados con el mejoramiento de la calidad de la leche producida por estas razas se consideran de gran importancia en la industria láctea, por tal razón y con el objetivo de caracterizar los genes beta-lactoglobulina y alpha-lactoalbúmina se analizaron 30 muestras de sangre de cada una de las razas criollas (Blanco Orejinegro, Caqueteño, Casanareño, Costeño con cuernos, Chino Santandereano, Hartón del Valle, Romosinuano y Sanmartinero, dos razas sintéticas colombianas (Lucerna y Velásquez y dos razas foráneas (Holstein y Brahman. Se amplificaron fragmentos de 262pb para beta-lactoglobulina (b-LG y de 166 pb para alpha-lactoalbúmina (a-LA que se genotipificaron mediante PCR-SSCP. El promedio de la frecuencia para b-LG A y b-LG B fue de 0.46 ± 0.020 y de 0.53 ± 0.020, respectivamente, y de 0.35 ± 0.019 para a-LA A y 0.64 ± 0.019 para a-LA B. El promedio de diversidad genética (He para b-LG fue 0.498 y de 0.455 para a-LA. Los ganados criollos representan una base genética valiosa, como alternativa para mejorar genéticamente los hatos destinados a la producción de leche con mejores características en calidad para la industria láctea.

  7. Genotyping in the Brazilian Criollo Horse Stud Book: resources and perspectives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Costa, M A P; Bressel, R M C; Almeida, D B; Oliveira, P A; Bassini, L N; Moreira, C G A; Manzke, V H B; Siewerdt, F; Moreira, H L M

    2010-08-24

    The goal of this research was to evaluate the ability of the genotyping information available in the Brazilian Criollo Horse Stud Book to describe the genetic variability of the breed and the exclusion probability determined in comparative tests. Altogether, two softwares were used in the analyses of the available genotypes: Cervus 3.0.3 and Genepop 4.0. Eight microsatellite markers totaled 109 alleles, with an average of 13.6 +/- 0.6 alleles per locus. Large differences between expected and observed heterozygosity were ubiquitous (0.821 +/- 0.07 and 0.470 +/- 0.17, respectively). Although the estimated null allele frequency caused initial concern (0.284 +/- 0.199), it is likely that it was a reflection of the inbreeding coefficients found (0.432 +/- 0.184). All loci showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with heterozygote deficit (P < 0.0001) and genotypic linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. The high polymorphic information content (0.798 +/- 0.088) could not warrant exclusion power for three loci (HMS7, HMS6 and HTG4) above 50% (0.491 +/- 0.158). However, combined exclusion probability reached 99.61%, a level close to ideal. The results demonstrate the excellent performance of the markers assessed in describing the genetic status of the breed and suggest the considerable ability to establish parentage.

  8. Composición de leche de vacas Criollo, Guzerat y sus cruzas F1 y su relación con el peso al destete de las crías

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    Guillermo Martínez Velázquez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se utilizaron 619 registros productivos generados entre 2001 y 2003 por vacas Guzerat (G, Criollo (C, Guzerat x Criollo (GC y Criollo x Guzerat (CG. Las variables estudiadas fueron porcentaje de grasa (%G, proteína (%P, lactosa (%L y sólidos no grasos (%SNG contenidos en la leche y kilogramos de grasa (GP, proteína (PP, lactosa (LP y sólidos no grasos (SNGP producidos por lactancia. También se evaluaron peso al nacer (PN y peso al destete ajustado a 210 días de edad (PA210 y se estimaron efectos genéticos directos, maternos, de heterosis y la relación entre componentes de la leche y PA210. Para %G, %P, %L, %SNG, GP, PP, LP y SNGP los modelos incluyeron los efectos fijos de grupo genético de la vaca (GEN, número de parto (NP, año de parto (A, época de parto (E, días posparto (D e interacciones de dos factores (F. Para PN y PA210 los modelos incluyeron GEN, NP, A, E y F. Se estimaron correlaciones residuales entre componentes de la leche y PA210. Heterosis fue importante (P<0.05 para GP (5.07+1.9 kg, PP (4.97+1.5 kg, LP (7.04+2.1 kg, SNGP (13.48+3.8 kg, PN (-1.30+0.6 kg y PA210 (12.65+4.2 kg. Los efectos genéticos directos para LP, SNGP, PN y PA210 fueron favorables (P<0.05 a G en 11.08+3.7, 16.98+6.6, 3.80+1.1 y 37.60+7.6 kg. Se detectaron correlaciones importantes (P<0.05 de PA210 con GP (0.16, LP (0.21 y SNGP (0.19. Las correlaciones sugieren que la cantidad de componentes en la leche fue importante para determinar el peso al destete de los becerros.

  9. Polimorfismo genético de beta-lactoglobulina y alphalactoalbúmina en el ganado criollo colombiano, mediante PCR-SSCP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muñoz Florez Jaime Eduardo

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available La población de ganado criollo colombiano ha venido presentando una inquietante disminución al pasar de 23.415 ejemplares en 1999 a 20.102 en 2003. A pesar de los esfuerzos por recuperar las razas criollas el panorama para su conservación es incierto, por tanto la búsqueda de caracteres deseables puede contribuir a su valoración y conservación. Los genes relacionados con el mejoramiento de la calidad de la leche producida por estas razas se consideran de gran importancia en la industria láctea, por tal razón y con el objetivo de caracterizar los genes beta-lactoglobulina y alpha-lactoalbúmina se analizaron 30 muestras de sangre de cada una de las razas criollas (Blanco Orejinegro, Caqueteño, Casanareño, Costeño con cuernos, Chino Santandereano, Hartón del Valle, Romosinuano y Sanmartinero, dos razas sintéticas colombianas (Lucerna y Velásquez y dos razas foráneas (Holstein y Brahman. Se amplificaron fragmentos de 262pb para beta-lactoglobulina (b-LG y de 166 pb para alpha-lactoalbúmina (a-LA que se genotipificaron mediante PCR-SSCP. El promedio de la frecuencia para b-LG A y b-LG B fue de 0.46 ± 0.020 y de 0.53 ± 0.020, respectivamente, y de 0.35 ± 0.019 para a-LA A y 0.64 ± 0.019 para a-LA B. El promedio de diversidad genética (He para b-LG fue 0.498 y de 0.455 para a-LA. Los ganados criollos representan una base genética valiosa, como alternativa para mejorar genéticamente los hatos destinados a la producción de leche con mejores características en calidad para la industria láctea.

  10. Carcass characteristics of Neuquén Criollo kids in Patagonia region, Argentina.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zimerman, M; Domingo, E; Lanari, M R

    2008-07-01

    Carcass characteristics of 336 kids from the Neuquén Criollo breed were evaluated. Two categories were taken into account: three months and 5 to 7 months kids. Live weight, carcass weights, measurement and indexes of 304 kids were calculated in a study done in a commercial slaughterhouse located in Chos Malal town. Thirty two carcass left sides were dissected into the major components: muscle, bone, fat and remaining tissues. Three months kids were compared with 5 to 7 months kids. The slaughter live weight of the former was 16.3kg and the latter was 22.4kg. Cold carcass weight and dressing percentage differed significantly (p<0.001) between age categories. Three months kids had a higher percentage of bones (26.8 vs. 21.7%; p<0.001) and a lower percentage of fat (10.8 vs. 15%; p<0.01) than those at 5-7 months, but both had similar percentages of muscle (56.4 vs. 57%; p=NS). There were significant differences in the percentages of primal carcass cuts: hind leg (32 vs. 34%; p<0.001), shoulder (22 vs. 20%; p<0.001) and neck, (10 vs. 8%; p<0.01) for three months vs. 5-7 months old kids, respectively.

  11. Estatus de selenio en equinos Criollo-Chileno a pastoreo y su respuesta a la suplementación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Macarena Rioseco H.

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Dos experimentos se realizaron para determinar el estatus de selenio en equinos Criollo-Chileno a pastoreo y, evaluar la respuesta a la suplementación con Na2SeO3. Materiales y métodos. Exp.1A caballos pertenecientes a 10 criaderos del sur de Chile se les determinó la actividad sanguínea de glutatión peroxidasa (GPx, EC.1.11.1.9 (AcGPx. Los animales pertenecieron a 3 grupos, pastoreo de otoño (PO, n=40, pastoreo de otoño y suplementados con avena (PO+A, n=47, y, pastoreo de primavera (PP, n=41. Exp2Se utilizaron equinos con carencia de selenio, distribuidos en tres grupos: G1, n=7, tratado con Na2SeO3 el día 0 (Se= 0.05 mg/kg pv, im; G2, n=8, suplementado con Na2SeO3, los días 0 y 15 y GC, n=8, control. La AcGPx se determinó al día 0, 30 y 120. Resultados. La mediana (Me de la AcGPx en todos los grupos fue menor al límite adecuado (>130 U/gHb, mayor en PO+A (Me=92, P25%=47, P75%=129 U/gHb y PP (Me=85, P25%=45, P75%=114 U/gHb que en PO (Me=35, P25%=20, P75%=85 U/gHb (p<0.05. En el experimento 2 la AcGPx fue similar y menor al adecuado en todos los grupos. La suplementación con Na2SeO3 aumentó (p<0.05 la AcGPx en G1 (121±52 U/gHb y G2 (124±69 U/gHb, sin alcanzar valores adecuados. Conclusiones. Los equinos Criollo-Chileno a pastoreo en el sur de Chile presentan carencia de Se, mayor en otoño que primavera y menor al suplementar con avena. Adicionalmente, la administración parenteral de Na2SeO3 mejora el estatus de Se, pero sin revertir el cuadro carencial.

  12. Changes in key aroma compounds of Criollo cocoa beans during roasting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frauendorfer, Felix; Schieberle, Peter

    2008-11-12

    Application of a comparative aroma extraction dilution analysis on unroasted and roasted Criollo cocoa beans revealed 42 aroma compounds in the flavor dilution (FD) factor range of 1-4096 for the unroasted and 4-8192 for the roasted cocoa beans. While the same compounds were present in the unroasted and roasted cocoa beans, respectively, these clearly differed in their intensity. For example, 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid (rancid) and acetic acid (sour) showed the highest FD factors in the unroasted beans, while 3-methylbutanal (malty), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (caramel-like), and 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid (sweaty) were detected with the highest FD factors in the roasted seeds. Quantitation of 30 odorants by means of stable isotope dilution assays followed by a calculation of odor activity values (ratio of the concentration/odor threshold) revealed concentrations above the odor threshold for 22 compounds in the unroasted and 27 compounds in the roasted cocoa beans, respectively. In particular, a strong increase in the concentrations of the Strecker aldehydes 3-methylbutanal and phenylacetaldehyde as well as 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone was measured, suggesting that these odorants should contribute most to the changes in the overall aroma after roasting. Various compounds contributing to the aroma of roasted cocoa beans, such as 3-methylbutanoic acid, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, and 2-phenylethanol, were already present in unroasted, fermented cocoa beans and were not increased during roasting.

  13. Análisis de las actitudes de políticos criollos e indígenas en Venezuela (De los años 60 hasta el 2001)

    OpenAIRE

    Clarac de Briceño, Jacqueline

    2003-01-01

    Presentación La multiculturalidad de la Ciudad de México y los Derechos Indígenas Oehmichen, Cristina Conceptos indígenas de la formación territorial y Etno-Político frente al Estado Republicano-Nacional Fischer, Eva Disputas matrimoniales y cambio social en Coyutla, Veracruz (México) Chenaut, Victoria El debate indio sobre la ciudadanía multicultural en México: La revuelta por la dignidad Valladares de la Cruz, Laura Análisis de las actitudes de políticos criollos ...

  14. Feed resource selection of Criollo goats artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus: nutritional wisdom and prophylactic self-medication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ventura-Cordero, J; González-Pech, P G; Jaimez-Rodriguez, P R; Ortiz-Ocampo, G I; Sandoval-Castro, C A; Torres-Acosta, J F J

    2018-06-01

    Previous cafeteria studies suggested that a moderate natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection did not modify the resource selection of adult Criollo goats towards tannin-rich plants compared with worm-free goats. A higher infection with Haemonchus contortus could trigger a change in the resource selection behaviour towards tannin-rich foliage. Alternatively, goats might select plant species solely to meet their nutritional requirements. A cafeteria study investigated the effect of a high artificial infection with H. contortus on the feed resource selection of goats. Adult Criollo goats (37.5±4.8 kg BW) with browsing experience were distributed in two groups: the infected group (IG) with six animals artificially infected with H. contortus (6000 L3/animal); and the non-infected group (NIG) with six animals maintained worm-free. The experiment included two 5-day periods with additional 5-day adaptation period. In the first period, animals were offered foliage of five plant species with a decreasing gradient of condensed tannins (CT) (Mimosa bahamensis, Gymnopodium floribundum, Havardia albicans, Acacia pennatula, Lysiloma latisiliqum), and three plant species with negligible CT content (Leucaena leucocephala, Piscidia piscipula and Brosimum alicastrum). In the second period the foliage of B. alicastrum was withdrawn. A grain-based concentrate feed was offered daily at 1% BW in DM basis. Dry matter and nutrient intake was determined. Foliage selection of each experimental group was determined using the Chesson selection index. The H. contortus egg count per gram of faeces (EPG) was determined for infected goats twice daily. Chesson index showed a similar pattern of foliage selection on periods 1 and 2. Mean EPG of goats in IG was 2028±259 EPG during period 1 and 1 293±198 EPG during period 2 (P>0.05). During period 1, the selection pattern was highest for B. alicastrum (tannin-free), followed by a tannin-rich plant (M. bahamensis). These two plants remained

  15. PRESENCIA DE Colletotrichum acutatum y Colletotrichum gloeosporioides EN HELECHO HOJA DE CUERO, LIMÓN CRIOLLO, PAPAYA, CARAMBOLA Y MANGO EN COSTA RICA Y FLORIDA (ESTADOS UNIDOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcia Barquero Quirós

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available La antracnosis es una enfermedad causada por varias especies del género Colletotrichum en diferentes hospederos. C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides son especies morfológicamente similares, que pueden causar síntomas similares en el mismo hospedero. Se colectaron 220 aislamientos de Colletotrichum de muestras con síntomas típicos de antracnosis en helecho hoja de cuero (Rumohra adiantiformis, limón criollo (Citrus aurantifolia, carambola (Averrhoa carambola, papaya (Carica papaya y mango (Mangifera indica en Costa Rica y Florida, Estados Unidos. Los aislamientos se caracterizaron por morfología de colonia, sensibilidad al benomil, y PCR con los iniciadores específicos para C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides CaInt2 y Cg/fInt1, respectivamente; también se analizó la morfología de las colonias de ambas especies. De los 85 aislamientos obtenidos de mango, todos los aislamientos de Florida fueron identificados como C. acutatum, mientras que todos los aislamientos de Costa Rica fueron C. gloeosporioides. De los 60 aislamientos de carambola, 3 provenientes de Costa Rica fueron C. acutatum (primer informe y el resto fueron C. gloeosporioides. Todos los aislamientos de helecho hoja de cuero (25 aislamientos y de limón criollo (25 aislamientos se identificaron como C. acutatum. Los demás aislamientos de carambola y mango así como todos los aislamientos de papaya, se identificaron como C. gloeosporioides. No se encontró diferenciación de síntomas entre ambas especies sobre los hospederos donde se encontraron.

  16. Estimación de la demanda de semillas forrajeras mejoradas de pasto miel (Paspalum dilatatum) y agropiro criollo (Elymus scabrifolus) para la producción pecuaria en la Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez Camargo, Gladys M.; Schrauf, Gustavo Enrique; Ostrowski, Bernardo

    2005-01-01

    p.111-120 Se estudió la posibilidad de éxito de nuevos cultivares de Pasto miel (Paspalum dilatatum) y Agropyro criollo (Elymus scabrifolius) en la Argentina. Se realizó un análisis de demanda potencial, considerando la superficie de pasturas naturales que poseen las provincias agroecológicamente más aptas para ambas especies, estimándose la magnitud y tasa de renovación de praderas artificiales. Con esta información se plantearon cuatro escenarios con distintos porcentajes de implantación...

  17. SÍNDROME DE HÍGADO GRASO EN UN CABALLO CRIOLLO COLOMBIANO

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    J. M. Cruz

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue discutir sobre los hallazgos clínicos, los exámenes de patología clínica realizados y su utilidad como indicadores de pronóstico en un pacien - te equino hembra con hígado graso. Se describe el caso de una yegua de raza criollo colombiano que ingresó al servicio de consulta externa del Hospital Veterinario Diego Villegas Toro de la Universidad de Caldas con signos de tránsito intestinal lento y cólico. Previamente, el veterinario remitente inició un tratamiento con fluidos y aceite cristal oral sin resultados satisfactorios. Se realizó un examen físico completo y pruebas paraclínicas (creatinina, BUN, albúmina, fibrinógeno, fosfatasa alcalina [FA], gamma glutamiltransferasa [GGT], alanina aminotransferasa [ALT], aspartato aminotransferasa [AST] y análisis de orina que sugirieron disfunción hepática y compactación del colon mayor. Se instauró un tratamiento dirigido a favorecer el peristaltismo y la eliminación fecal y se dispensó soporte para coadyuvar a la función hepática. Durante la hospita - lización se observaron signos clínicos compatibles con falla hepática, encefalopatía e compactación grave; finalmente, el equino murió. Durante la necropsia se confirmó compactación del colon mayor a nivel de la flexura esternal y peritonitis. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue hígado graso y peritonitis. Se concluye que la falla hepática puede asociarse con compactación del colon.

  18. Gender on the growth of Criollo foals from birth to three years of age

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anelise Maria Hammes Pimentel

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gender on the growth of Criollo foals, in order to use this information as a reference for breeding as well as in future research. Body height, thoracic perimeter, and cannon bone perimeter of 75 foals were measured from two farms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Lat. 32°, 33′, 58″, Long. 53°, 22′, 33″ and from three generations over three years. In both farms, animals were kept under the same range and feeding conditions. Nonlinear regression models were applied to describe the growth curves for the three traits over the experimental period. Cannon bone perimeter was greater in males than in females (P<0.001 but the predicted curves for body height and thoracic perimeter did not differ between genders. For all traits, the highest rate of increase was achieved in the first year of life (body height = 74%, thoracic perimeter = 76%, and cannon bone perimeter = 63% for males and 83% for females. Results of this study indicated that changes in body height and thoracic perimeter can be predicted using nonlinear models in both male and female foals, until they reach three years of age; whereas, changes in cannon bone perimeter should be modeled separately for each gender.

  19. “BEING SUCCESsFUL MEANT SPEAKING WELL, AND SPEAKING WELL MEANT SPEAKING STANDARD ENGLISH”. APROXIMACIÓN AL ESTUDIO DE LAS ACTITUDES LINGÜÍSTICAS EN HABLANTES TRILINGÜES: INGLÉS CRIOLLO, INGLÉS ESTÁNDAR Y ESPAÑOL"

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    Javier Enrique García León

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo presenta los hallazgos de un estudio sobre bilingüismo y lenguas en contacto que buscaba caracterizar las actitudes lingüísticas e identitarias de un grupo de hablantes de inglés criollo, inglés estándar y español. La metodología se basó en el estudio de caso y la historia de vida. Por medio de entrevistas se recolectaron ocho historias de vida que fueron analizadas con el programa ATLAS.ti. Los resultados muestran actitudes ambiguas frente al criollo y positivas hacia el inglés y el español. Estas responden a factores como la educación, la familia y los medios de comunicación. Se reflexiona sobre elementos como la diglosia educativa, el prestigio lingüístico y el cambio de código en las lenguas mencionadas. Así, se espera contribuir al campo de las lenguas en contacto y la criollística, dado que el estudio de las actitudes lingüísticas es fundamental para el mantenimiento y vitalidad de las lenguas minoritarias.

  20. Assessment of the potential health risks associated with the aluminium, arsenic, cadmium and lead content in selected fruits and vegetables grown in Jamaica

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    Johann M.R. Antoine

    Full Text Available Thirteen Jamaican-grown food crops − ackee (Blighia sapida, banana (Musa acuminate, cabbage (Brassica oleracea, carrot (Daucus carota, cassava (Manihot esculenta, coco (Xanthosoma sagittifolium, dasheen (Colocasia esculenta, Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum, pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo, sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum and turnip (Brassica rapa − were analysed for aluminium, arsenic, cadmium and lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. The fresh weight mean concentrations in these food crops (4.25–93.12 mg/kg for aluminium; 0.001–0.104 mg/kg for arsenic; 0.015–0.420 mg/kg for cadmium; 0.003–0.100 mg/kg for lead were used to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI, target hazard quotient (THQ, hazard index (HI and target cancer risk (TCR for arsenic, associated with dietary exposure to these potentially toxic elements. Each food type had a THQ and HI < 1 indicating no undue non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to a single or multiple potentially toxic elements from the same food. The TCR for arsenic in these foods were all below 1 × 10−4, the upper limit used for acceptable cancer risk. There is no significant health risk to the consumer associated with the consumption of these Jamaican-grown food crops. Keywords: Risk assessment, Heavy metals, Target hazard quotient, Target cancer risk, Hazard index, Food, Jamaican crops, Estimated daily intake

  1. Caracterización química foliar de los árboles de aguacate criollo (Persea americana var. drymifolia en los bancos de germoplasma de Michoacán, México Foliar chemical caracterization of the creole avocado trees (Persea americana var. drymifolia in the germplasm banks from Michoacán, Mexico

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    Cintia A. Rincón-Hernández

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Persea americana var. drymifolia (aguacate criollo mexicano se emplea como portainjerto en huertos de aguacate Hass y es fuente de genes de resistencia a plagas y patógenos para éste y otros cultivares. El aguacate criollo mexicano se está sustituyendo por cultivares comerciales o perdiendo por la destrucción de ecosistemas. Por eso, se estudiaron 250 árboles (52 accesiones de 14 estados de México; 247 de criollo mexicano y 3 híbridos de éste con P.shiedeana, P. americana var. americana y P. americana var. guatemalensis, plantados en los bancos de germoplasma en Michoacán. Se analizó la composición química mediante cromatografía de gases-masas. Hubo alta variabilidad química entre los árboles del banco de germoplasma con los 64 compuestos detectados. El análisis de cúmulos mostró 2 grandes grupos químicos con 100% disimilitud y 22 grupos a 10% de disimilitud. Los híbridos se agruparon de manera diferente a los árboles con características típicas de criollo y difieren en su altitud de origen. Corroboramos que los volátiles foliares sirven como marcadores para diferenciar los criollos típicos de sus híbridos y que mucha variación atribuida a la variedad criolla proviene de hibridaciones en zonas de contacto de esta variedad con otras variedades o especies de Persea.Persea americana var. drymifolia (mexican creole avocado is used as rootstock in Hass avocado orchards and it is a source of genes for resistance to pests and pathogens for this and other cultivars. The Mexican varieties are being replaced by commercial cultivars or lost by the destruction of ecosystems. Therefore, we studied 250 avocado trees of 52 accessions from 14 Mexican states; 247 mexican creole avocado and 3 hybrids of that tree with P. shiedeana, P. americana var. americana or P. americana var. guatemalensis, planted at germplasm banks, Michoacán. Foliar chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. High chemical variability among the trees was found

  2. Effects of genotype and slaughter weight on the meat quality of Criollo Cordobes and Anglonubian kids produced under extensive feeding conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peña, F; Bonvillani, A; Freire, B; Juárez, M; Perea, J; Gómez, G

    2009-11-01

    Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of meat (longissimus muscle) from Criollo Cordobes (CC) and Anglonubian (AN) suckling kids were analysed to determine the effects of genotype and slaughter weight. Forty suckling entire male kids, 20 CC and 20 AN were assigned to two age/slaughter weight groups (I: 60+2days old and ⩽11kg, and II: 90+2days old and >11kg). Colour, shear force and cholesterol levels of meat were affected by breed. Tenderness decreased and cholesterol increased with age/slaughter weight. Fatty acid profiles were affected primarily by genotype. The sensory attributes were perceived as medium-high intensity, and meat from CC and AN goat kids was valued as tender. However, initial tenderness and connective tissue varied with genotype. The main effect due to the increase in age/slaughter weight was a decrease in tenderness (initial and overall), as observed for instrumental shear force.

  3. ETNOBOTÁNICA MÉDICA DE GRUPOS CRIOLLOS DE ARGENTINA: RECONOCIMIENTO, ANÁLISIS Y PUESTA EN VALOR DE LOS DATOS PRESENTADOS POR EL GOBIERNO ARGENTINO EN LA EXPOSICIÓN UNIVERSAL DE PARÍS DE 1889

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    Gustavo F. Scarpa

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Se reconoce, pone en valor y analiza un importante volumen de datos sobre etnobotánica médica ar - gentina hallado en un catálogo sobre materiales e informaciones presentados en la Exposición Universal de París de 1889 por el Gobierno Argentino. Mediante la caracterización, descripción detallada y análisis de la información, se identificaron 758 datos de etnobotánica médica correspondientes a 243 taxones, 710 de los cuales fueron validados y actualizados respecto a la nomenclatura científica, distribución de las plantas referidas y propiedades farmacológicas asignadas. Tales datos fueron referidos para 11 provincias argentinas y corresponden a pueblos criollos de cinco complejos bioculturales. El análisis de los datos muestra que estos se agrupan en 20 categorías de usos medicinales, siendo las más destaca - das aquellas relacionadas con el aparato digestivo (19,6 % y, en menor porcentaje, como vulnerarios, aparato respiratorio y reproductor. Se identificaron un total de 146 tipos de aplicaciones medicinales. Se discuten algunos aspectos atinentes a su adscripción biocultural, usos históricos poco comunes y originalidad de su aporte a la etnobotánica de pueblos criollos de Argentina.

  4. Study of sexual cycle, reproductive seasonality and control of oestrus in Criollo goats in Chile

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santa Maria, A.; Cox, J.; Munoz, E.; Rodriguez, R.; Caldera, L.

    1990-01-01

    The study addresses the traditional system of goat production practised by peasant farmers in the marginal areas of Chile. As a significant proportion of peasant families depend exclusively on this animal for their livelihood, an improvement in the efficiency of goat production would have economic and social benefits for this sector of the Chilean community. In order to achieve this improvement experiments were conducted to provide basic knowledge on the reproductive indices of local (Criollo) goats under traditional management conditions. These showed that the mean duration of the oestrous cycle was 20.65±1.38 days (n=95) and that of oestrus was 29.66±7.30 hours (n=89). Sexual activity was concentrated between the months of March and August, with a peak of activity in June-July (corresponding to the months with shortest day length) and a cessation of activity between October and January. Other trials were conducted to evaluate the possibility of introducing artificial insemination as a means of improving the genetic merit of local goats. Thus, the efficacy of locally made sponges impregnated with progesterone or fluorogestone acetate (FGA) (with or without PMSG or prostaglandins) prior to artificial insemination showed that the FGA-PMSG combination was the most reliable in inducing oestrus in local goats. However, in terms of cost effectiveness a progesterone-prostaglandin combination was best. (author). 60 refs, 7 figs, 7 tabs

  5. Polimorfismos del gen BoLA-DRB3.2* en ganado criollo colombiano

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    Darwin Hernández H.

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Caracterizar el polimorfismo del gen BoLA-DRB3.2* en las razas bovinas criollas y colombianas. Materiales y métodos. En 360 muestras de ADN de ocho razas bovinas criollas (Blanco Orejinegro, Casanareño, Costeño con Cuernos, Chino Santandereano, Caqueteño, Hartón del Valle, Romosinuano y San Martinero, dos razas sintéticas Colombianas (Lucerna y Velásquez y dos razas foráneas (Brahman y Holstein se evaluó el polimorfismo del gen BoLA-DRB3.2 mediante técnicas moleculares (PCR-RFLP; se calculó el número promedio de alelos (NPA, las frecuencias, la heterocigocidad esperada (He y observada (Ho, el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, la estructura genética y los valores de FST y FIS. Resultados. El NPA fue 14.6 ± 3.8 siendo Caqueteño la raza con mayor NPA (25 y el menor el Chino Santandereano (10. Se encontraron 41 alelos BoLA-DRB3.2* los más frecuentes fueron *28, *37, *24, *23, *20, *27, *8, *16, *39 (0.17, 0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.09, 0.07, 0.07 y 0.06 respectivamente. Se encontró alta diversidad genética (He = 0.878 con mayor valor en Caqueteño (0.96 y menor en San Martinero (0.81. Todas las razas se encontraron en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, se encontraron valores altamente significativos de diferenciación genética (FST= 0.044 y de coeficiente de endogamia (FIS = 0.249. Conclusiones. El ganado criollo colombiano posee alto polimorfismo del gen BoLA-DRB3.2* representado en los altos valores de NPA y diversidad génetica.

  6. La noción de trabajo en la construcción de la identidad: indígenas y criollos en el Pilcomayo salteño

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catalina Buliubasich

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Con motivo de los reclamos por la propiedad de la tierra incoadas por comunidades indígenas chaquenses -mayoritariamente Wichí- aledañas al Pilcomayo salteño, el análisis se orientó a considerar qué factores intervinieron en la construcción de la identidad indígena, sobre todo frente a los criollos que ocupan esos mismos espacios. Estos, distribuidos en un patrón de asentamiento disperso, se ocupan del pastoreo de ganado, mientras que los indígenas desarrollan actividades de subsistencia, tanto las tradicionales, como la pesca en el río, caza, recolección de frutos silvestres y cultivos limitados, cuanto las no tan tradicionales de artesanías para el mercado o la venta temporaria de fuerza de trabajo. Tales diferencias en los usos del monte desembocaron en incompatibilidades y conflictos por la tierra entre las partes, que contribuyeron a la dinámica de la construcción de la identidad indígena, ocupando un lugar preponderante las visiones encontradas de lo que ambos grupos consideran trabajo.Due to the claim to own the land made by indigenous communities from Chaco -mostly Wichi- bordering the Salta 's Pilcomayo , this analysis was aimed to consider the factors that have intervened in the construction of the indigenous identity, especially in opposition to the criollos occupying the same area. The latter, distributed according to a pattern of scattered settlements, engage in cattle grazing, while indigenous people develop subsistence activities, both the traditional ones, such as fishing in the river, hunting, gathering wild fruits and limited farming and those not so traditional, such as craftmanship to be sold, or temporary workforce. Such differences in the use of the forest have provoked conflicts for the land between the parties. Those disagreements have contributed to the construction of the indigenous identity, and the different views on the concept of labor held by both groups have a relevant place in such construction.

  7. Efecto de la aplicación de abonos orgánicos en la supresión de Pythium myriotylum en plantas de tiquisque (Xanthosoma sagittifolium

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    Silvia Artavia

    2010-01-01

    determinó la madurez, estabilidad, y actividad microbiana de los diferentes abonos, así como el efecto del tipo de compostaje (compost vs vermicompost, el material de origen (estiércol vs broza de café y el grado de madurez, sobre la supresión del patógeno. El efecto supresivo sobre el desarrollo de la enfermedad en plantas de tiquisque se estableció por medio de una escala visual de síntomas a los 3, 6 y 9 días del transplante. Los abonos presentaron relaciones C/N entre 6 y 15 y ninguno afectó la germinación o la longitud de las raíces de plántulas de pepino. Los abonos maduros clasificaron como estables y los inmaduros, con excepción del compost de broza, como inestables. La menor incidencia de pudrición de raíces por P. myriotylum se obtuvo con el uso de vermicompost a base de estiércol maduro, mientras que la menor severidad de la enfermedad ocurrió cuando el suelo se enmendó con el compost y el vermicompost maduro a base de estiércol. En términos generales los abonos obtenidos a partir de estiércol fueron más supresivos, y presentaron una mayor activida microbiana, que los producidos a base de broza de café. Se concluye que el tipo de compostaje, el origen y el grado de madurez tienen influencia sobre la capacidad supresora.

  8. Estudio cuantitativo de algunas medidas ecocardiográficas en caballos Criollo Colombiano

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    Silvia Posada Arias

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available La ecocardiografía es considerada una de las herramientas de mayor valor diagnóstico en la evaluación de la anatomía y la función cardiaca, pues permite visualizar de forma no invasiva aspectos como el grosor de las válvulas cardiacas y el espesor del tabique interventricular, además de la posibilidad de medir las dimensiones de las cavidades del corazón. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar algunas características cuantitativas de ecocardiografías hechas en 60 equinos raza Caballo Criollo Colombiano (CCC de cualquier sexo, edad y peso. Las ecocardiografías fueron hechas en modo M, a partir de imágenes bidimensionales, en el plano tres, cuarto espacio intercostal de la ventana paraesternal derecha. Fueron evaluados los siguientes parámetros: DVId (diámetro del ventrículo izquierdo en diástole, DVIs (diámetro del ventrículo izquierdo en sístole, SIVd (tabique interventricular en diástole, SVIs (tabique interventricular en sístole, PPd (pared posterior del ventrículo izquierdo en diástole, PPs (pared posterior del ventrículo izquierdo en sístole, FE (fracción de eyección, FA (fracción de acortamiento y MVI (masa del ventrículo izquierdo. Para el análisis de los datos se hicieron grupos según la edad. Dependiendo de la distribución de los datos, se analizaron la media y la desviación estándar, y la mediana y los percentiles (software SPSS 21.0. Con este trabajo se hace un aporte importante para aquellas ocasiones en que sea necesario recurrir a la ecocardiografía para validar la información obtenida en el examen clínico o cuando se sospeche de una cardiopatía en CCC.

  9. Genetic variability in the brazilian criollo horse breed Variabilidade genética de cavalos da raça crioula no Brasil

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    Myriam Elizabeth Vinocur

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available Allelic frequencies of 7 blood groups and 8 protein systems were determined in 6 herds of Criollo horse breed raised in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Analysis of these frequencies showed a significant isolation component (Fst = 0.0866; pAs freqüências alélicas de sete sistemas de grupos sangüíneos e oito sistemas protéicos foram determinadas em seis rebanhos de cavalos Crioulos criados no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A análise destas freqüências indicou que os rebanhos apresentaram um significativo componente devido ao isolamento (Fst = 0,0866; p<0,01 e esta diferença foi confirmada a partir do dendograma construído, utilizando-se a distância de Nei. Na medição da variabilidade genética, utilizando os 15 sistemas de tipagem sangüínea, os valores mais altos encontrados foram heterozigose média: 0.4631; número total de alelos :87 e probabilidade de exclusão de um parentesco indicado: 98%. Quando todas os rebanhos foram considerada na análise, o nível de endocruzamento (Fis foi zero. Estes resultados indicam que os cavalos Crioulos apresentam ampla variabilidade genética.

  10. 16 de Septiembre, 1810 Module. Secondary Level. [16 of September, 1810 Module. Secondary Level.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crystal City Independent School District, TX.

    Independence for Mexico took 11 years to achieve. Before its independence Mexico was ruled by Spain and had a basic caste system of indios, mestizos, criollos, and gachupines. The gachupines and criollos ruled the government and exploited the indios and mestizos. When the criollos became dissatisfied with being secondary to the gachupines, they…

  11. The legacy of Columbus in American horse populations assessed by microsatellite markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cortés, O; Dunner, S; Gama, L T; Martínez, A M; Delgado, J V; Ginja, C; Jiménez, L M; Jordana, J; Luis, C; Oom, M M; Sponenberg, D P; Zaragoza, P; Vega-Pla, J L

    2017-08-01

    Criollo horse populations descend from horses brought from the Iberian Peninsula over the period of colonization (15th to 17th century). They are spread throughout the Americas and have potentially undergone genetic hybridization with other breeds in the recent past. In this study, 25 autosomal microsatellites were genotyped in 50 horse breeds representing Criollo populations from 12 American countries (27 breeds), breeds from the Iberian Peninsula (19), one breed each from France and Morocco and two cosmopolitan horse breeds (Thoroughbred and Arabian). The genetic relationships among breeds identified five clusters: Celtic; Iberian; North American with Thoroughbred influence; most Colombian breeds; and nearly all other Criollo breeds. The group of "all other Criollo breeds" had the closest genetic relationship with breeds originating from the Iberian Peninsula, specifically with the Celtic group. For the whole set of Criollo breeds analysed, the estimated genetic contribution from other breeds was approximately 50%, 30% and 20% for the Celtic, Iberian and Arab-Thoroughbred groups, respectively. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity indicates that hotspots of genetic diversity are observed in populations from Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Paraguay and western United States, possibly indicating points of arrival and dispersion of Criollo horses in the American continent. These results indicate that Criollo breeds share a common ancestry, but that each breed has its own identity. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  12. Traditional practices, beliefs and uses of medicinal plants in relation to maternal-baby health of Criollo woman in central Argentina.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martínez, Gustavo J

    2008-12-01

    to present information on traditional practices and medicinal uses of plants for treating health diseases related to the reproductive cycle of Criollo women living in the hills of the province of Córdoba; and to interpret these uses in the context of this population's folk medicine. data were collected during several field trips to the study area based on the guidelines of a research project that included ethnographic and ethnobotanical aspects of the study area. a rural community of central Argentina. a total of 62 peasants were interviewed on the basis of a semi-structured system. Repeated open and extensive interviews were also undertaken with seven women who had previously worked as midwives in areas of difficult access. this study found that 12 different female diseases and complaints are treated using a total of 48 plant species belonging to 27 botanical families, with 71 different medicinal uses. The traditional beliefs and practices associated with maternal-baby health care in rural areas highlights the existing combination of principles reformulated from humoral medicine, the use of analogical reasoning, and ontological and functional interpretations of morbid processes. The principle of Hypocratical opposition and hot-cold categorisation are significant criteria that rule over the practices of mother and child health care during birth and puerperium. consequences of traditional knowledge on the health care of peasant women are discussed, based on the analysis of traditional practices from a peasant's point of view.

  13. Contenido de aceite en frutos de selecciones de aguacate (Persea americana criollo de clima tropical y subtropical de Nayarit, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Medina Torres

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo se desarrolló sobre 65 selecciones de aguacate criollo de las zonas tropical y subtropical de Nayarit, con el objetivo de calificar el contenido de aceite y relacionarlo con el porcentaje de materia seca y del color de la pulpa del fruto, y de ubicar e identificar selecciones de interés comercial. Se usó análisis estadístico multivariado de componentes principales para el procesamiento de datos. Dos componentes principales explicaron el 63,93 % de la varianza total. En el componente principal 1 resultaron relevantes porcentaje de aceite y materia seca de la pulpa; y en el componente principal 2 las variables de color de la pulpa en madurez de consumo. Cuatro grupos de selecciones fueron identificadas por los promedios de los vectores característicos de los componentes 1 y 2. Se encontró alta correspondencia entre el contenido de aceite y materia seca en la pulpa (R2 = 0,9387 de los aguacates. El color de la pulpa del fruto no resultó un parámetro que se relacione con el contenido de aceite de la pulpa de aguacate. El contenido de materia seca puede constituir un parámetro fácil y útil para determinar con aproximación el contenido de aceite. En general, los aguacates de clima subtropical mostraron mayor contenido de aceite que los de origen tropical.

  14. Molecular Basis of Autophagic Cell Death in Prostate Cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-03-01

    Biol. Chem. 282, 13123–13132 33. Maiuri, M. C., Le Toumelin, G., Criollo , A., Rain, J. C., Gautier, F., Juin, P., Tasdemir, E., Pierron, G...Troulinaki, K., Tavernarakis, N., Hickman, J. A., Geneste, O., and Kroemer, G. (2007) EMBO J. 26, 2527–2539 34. Maiuri, M. C., Criollo , A., Tasdemir, E...18533003] 10. Tasdemir E, Maiuri MC, Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Djavaheri-Mergny M, D’Amelio M, Criollo A, Morselli E, Zhu C, Harper F, Nannmark U, Samara C

  15. The “Criollo Negro de la Costa Ecuatoriana” pigs: effect of sex and rearing system on performance, carcass and meat traits

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    González, M.A.; Peláez, F.R.; Martínez, A.L.; Avilés, C.; Peña, F.

    2016-11-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rearing system (confinement, C vs semi-confinement, SC) and sex (barrows vs females) on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of “Criollo negro de la costa ecuatoriana” pigs. A total of 32 pigs, 16 barrows and 16 gilts were used. The average daily gain (0.30 kg/day vs 0.22 kg/day), slaughter weight (51.4 kg vs 43.1 kg), morphometric parameters and weights for the most valuable meat cuts were higher in C pigs than in SC pigs, whereas hot and cold carcass yields were higher in SC pigs than in C pigs. The loin and sirloin percentages from C pigs were lower and higher compared with those SC pigs, respectively. Carcass of C pigs showed higher percentage of fat and lower percentage of lean and bone that SC pigs. The rearing system had scarce effects on meat quality traits and mineral composition. Meat from C pigs showed lower scores for color, brightness, and unctuousness, and higher for metallist taste, juiciness and persistence of flavor than SC pigs. Few sensory attributes of cooking chops were affected by sex. Metallist taste was higher in barrows, while brightness and lard flavor were higher in females. It can be concluded that the rearing system had a significant effect on most of the productive and carcass traits, whereas its effect was limited on the meat traits. Sex had little influence on most of the traits studied. (Author)

  16. Carcass characteristics of Criollo Cordobés kid goats under an extensive management system: effects of gender and liveweight at slaughter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bonvillani, A; Peña, F; de Gea, G; Gómez, G; Petryna, A; Perea, J

    2010-11-01

    Thirty males and thirty females suckling Criollo Cordobes kid goats of approximately 60 to 90 days old were used in this study. Kids were slaughtered at 9.511 kg of empty body weight. The carcasses showed a medium conformation index. The meat and fat colour, and internal subcutaneous fatness were mainly scored as either pink, cream, slight and low-medium, respectively. The shoulder comprised 66-67% muscle, 24-27% bone and 4-6% fat. The slaughter weight had significant effects on the following characteristics: dressing yield, carcass measures and indices, subcutaneous fatness, meat colour, and muscle/fat ratio. The effect of gender was smaller: the female kids presented the highest fatness values for all parameters studied. Also, these animals displayed the lowest percentage of joints of extra class. The meat of female kids contained significantly less muscle and bone and a higher proportion of fat than that of male kids. The allometric analysis displays an early growth in the carcass measures and indices, fifth quarter, joints and bone proportion of shoulder. Internal and dissectible fats show a late growth. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed to study the relationship between carcass quality variables. The six first PC's explained about 85% of the total variability. The weight and yield of the carcasses were more effective to define the first PC. The projection of the carcass quality data in the first two PC's allowed distinguishing between carcass weight and carcass conformation groups, but not between gender and fatness. Copyright © 2010 The American Meat Science Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Transgenic Rat Models for Breast Cancer Research

    Science.gov (United States)

    1999-10-01

    OF LIVE MICE PRODUCED BY TRANSFER OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY IN NATIVE EMBRYOS DERIVED BY IN VITRO FERTILIZATION USING CRIOLLO GOATS. CRYOPRESERVED...unspecified or low and published observations have been difficult in psimiparous Criollo goats The experiment was earried out at Rio to confirm. The...cryopreservation were: CPA-EY: 15.7 ± 1.4, Criollo goats. 12A1 ± 0.9 and 11.3 ± 0.7; CPA-BSA: 57 + 0.8, 5.1 ± 1.0 and 5.9 ± 1.8. Transfer of blastocysts

  18. Transformational Change of the Texan Army during the Texas War for Independence

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-10

    period. At the top of the system were the criollos or Mexican born persons of European descent, these elites were wealthy landowners and government......southern United States. 30 Having consolidated power, criollos sought to maintain it through a closely held, centralist form of government. Mestizos

  19. Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (South Florida): Gray, Lane, Mutton and Yellowtail Snappers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1986-06-01

    pargo prieto, pargo, criollo , vivaneau sorbe (Cervigon pargo dienton, pargo de piedra, 1966, Fisher 1978) pargo moreno, vivaneau sarde grise, aquadera... criollo , Lutjanus 1970-79. Florida landings, analis. Cent. Invest. Pesq. annual summary 1969-1978. U.S. uba. Nota 2:1-16. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. Curr

  20. Industrial Potential of Two Varieties of Cocoyam in Bread Making

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nnabuk O. Eddy

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The evaluation of the chemical (proximate composition, mineral composition, toxicant composition and vitamin composition, nutritional and industrial potentials of two varieties of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (XS and Colocasia esculenta (CE were carried out using recommended methods of analysis. Baking trials were conducted with the two varieties of cocoyam at different levels of substitution (20%, 30% and 50%. The produced bread samples were analyzed for their physical parameters and proximate composition. Sensory evaluation test was also carried out on the produced bread. The result of the analysis showed that the preferred bread in terms of loaf weight, volume and specific volume was given by sample I (control sample containing 100% wheat flour with a specific volume of 3.54 cm3/g. This was closely followed by sample A with specific volume of 3.25 cm3/g containing 20% substitution level of CE. Sample H containing 50% substitution level of XS with specific volume of 2.58 cm3/g gave the poorest performance. The sensory evaluation result further revealed that apart from the 100% wheat flour based sample I, sample D with 20% substitution level of XS was rated good and maintained better performance amongst the cocoyam varieties while samples G and C with 100% and 50% substitution level of CE respectively were rated the poorest. The proximate composition of the bread samples was also carried out. CE, XS and wheat bread samples (100% recorded 15.0633±1.4531, 12.1133±1.5975 and 11.2867±0.7978 respectively for the moisture content. XS bread recorded the highest carbohydrate content of 45.0133±3.0274. In terms of ash, CE bread recorded the highest value of 31.4367±1.6159 while wheat bread recorded the highest value for protein i.e. 20.6033± 0.8113. XS performed better in terms of crude fat and energy value of 12.2967± 0.8914 and 371.5367 respectively. The use of cocoyam - wheat flour mixture in producing composite bread is therefore

  1. Comparison of parasitological and productive traits of Criollo lambs native to the central Mexican Plateau and Suffolk lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alba-Hurtado, F; Romero-Escobedo, E; Muñoz-Guzmán, M A; Torres-Hernández, G; Becerril-Pérez, C M

    2010-09-20

    The study compares the parasitological and productive traits of Criollo lambs native to the central Mexican Plateau (CNCMP) and Suffolk (SU) lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. CNCMP lambs (n=20) and SU lambs (n=15) were infected with L3 of H. contortus while five lambs of each genotype were kept as controls. Fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), blood eosinophil number (BEN), ocular mucous membrane color (as measured by the FAMACHA index), changes in body condition score (BCS) and cumulative live weight gain (CLWG) were measured weekly during a 20-week period. On week 20, all animals were euthanized and the number of adult worms (AW) in the abomasum was counted. Infected SU lambs had higher (p<0.05) FEC and AW mean values compared to CNCMP lambs, which had a higher mean BEN count (p<0.05). Infected lambs had lower PCV values than controls, regardless of genotype, and had a negative correlation (r=-0.84, p<0.05) with the FAMACHA index. BCS tended to decline for infected SU lambs and increased slightly for infected CNCMP lambs. CLWG differed in all groups (p<0.05); infected SU lambs gained 12.1+/-1.9kg, infected CNCMP lambs gained 18.8+/-0.7kg, control SU lambs gained 34.6+/-1.6kg, and control CNCMP lambs gained 26.9+/-0.8kg. In conclusion, CNCMP lambs had a smaller worm burden, a better ability to maintain their productive traits, and were less affected by infection with Haemonchus contortus.

  2. The Spanish Pacification of the Philippines, 1565-1600

    Science.gov (United States)

    1992-06-05

    to maintain the Spanish nature of the New World criollo (colonial) population. As a result, no one could travel to the Indies without the permission of...considered to be socially inferior to peninsulares (people born in Spain) and criollos (originally called Filipinos)45 9 , they were considered superior

  3. Puerto Rican Statehood and the Caribbean Basin Stability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1986-04-01

    island to replace the Indian population, beginning the third ethnic influence In the development of the " criollo " (10:28). It vas during the 16th...of French, Canary islanders,and Italians, colored by the contributions of the Africans and the Taino Indians, produced a unique type of " criollo

  4. Evaluation of the Criollo breed Romosinuano as purebred and crossbred cows with Brahman and Angus in Florida: I. Reproduction and parturition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Riley, D G; Chase, C C; Coleman, S W; Olson, T A

    2014-05-01

    The objectives of this work were to compare reproduction and parturition traits of the Criollo breed Romosinuano as straightbred and crossbred cows with Angus and Brahman, to estimate heterosis and direct and maternal genetic breed effects, and to describe calf loss, cow removals from the project, the occurrence of calving difficulty, inadequate calf vigor at birth, and udder problems by cow breed groups. Cows (n = 404) were born from 2002 to 2005. After their first exposure to bulls as young cows, in all subsequent breeding seasons crossbred cows were bred to bulls of the third breed, and straightbred cows were bred to bulls of the other two breeds. Calving records (n = 1,484) from 2005 to 2011 were used to create calving and weaning rate and calving interval (excluding the interval between 2 and 3 yr of age). Final models for these traits included sire breed-dam breed interaction, cow age within year, and random animal effects. Heterosis estimates for Romosinuano-Brahman calving and weaning rate were 0.06 ± 0.02 and 0.07 ± 0.03 (P Angus were twice as large (0.13 ± 0.03 and 0.14 ± 0.03, respectively; P Angus direct effects were beneficial for both traits (0.1 ± 0.05, P Angus, respectively (P Angus dams had the most occurrences of difficult births as a proportion of cows that calved (0.028 and 0.025, P = 0.04). Angus-sired crossbred cows and Brahman cows had the most occurrences of udder problems as a proportion of lactating cows (0.14 to 0.21, P Angus cow performance was acceptable, but for most traits, those pairs of breeds had lower heterosis than Brahman-Angus.

  5. Targeting the Prostate Cancer Microenvironment to Improve Therapeutic Outcomes

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-08-01

    rapamycin pre-treatment of the latter. 22 (Chiang and Abraham, 2005; Copp et al., 2009; Criollo et al., 2010) but suppressed by rapamycin in the...mTOR Signaling Complex 2. Cancer Res. 69: 1821-1827. Criollo , A., Senovilla, L., Authier, H., Maiuri, M. C., Morselli, E. et al. 2010. The IKK complex

  6. Extending the shelf-life of cocoyam leaves(xanthosoma sagitifolium) through blanching, irradiation and low temperature storage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Afrifa, J.T.

    2013-07-01

    Cocoyam leaf (Xanthosoma sagiitifolium) (,Kontommire') is arguably one of the most readily available and cheap indigenous leafy vegetable that is commonly consumed in Ghana. It is noted to be a good source of minerals, vitamins and soluble fibre when consumed in its fresh (not raw though) state. However, this vegetable is highly perishable. Dehydration methods and jute sack storage are usually used for its preservation. However, these lead to discolouration, loss of some nutrients, and exposure to microbial contamination thus reducing the general acceptability by consumers. In view of this, a study was conducted to process and preserve the leaves in their fresh state. Preservation methods investigated were: refrigeration, steam blanching, gamma irradiation and a combination of these methods. The effect of the various preservation methods on some physicochemical properties (moisture content and dry matter by gravimetric method, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) was determined by iodometric titration method, crude protein was determined by Kjeldahl method, colour change using a Minolta CR310 colorimeter, pH using the Mettler Toledo pH meter (model:T3KfTLH); phytochemical properties (total phenolic using the Folin ciocalteau method and total flavonoids using aluminium chloride colorimetric method); microbial quality (total viable count, total coliforms, yeast and moulds count using serial dilution); consumer acceptance using a 9-point hedonic scale to assess the colour, texture and odour. The best packaging material for effective storage was also investigated. Fresh, fully opened leaves of cocoyam which were two (2) weeks old were collected from the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI) farm and used for the study. They were decontaminated by washing in fifty (50) % of brine solution and shredded and apportioned for the various treatments, packaged into zip-lock polyethylene bags and hermetically sealed bags. The shelf-life study lasted for

  7. Role of Activin A in Immune Response to Breast Cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-12-01

    death. Nat Med 2007;13:54–61. 36] Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Tesniere A, Obeid M, Ortiz C, Criollo A, et al. Toll- like receptor 4-dependent contribution...Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Tesniere A, Criollo A, Ortiz C, Lidereau R, et al. The interaction between HMGB1 and TLR4 dictates the outcome of anticancer

  8. Conservation priorities of Iberoamerican pig breeds and their ancestors based on microsatellite information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cortés, O; Martinez, A M; Cañon, J; Sevane, N; Gama, L T; Ginja, C; Landi, V; Zaragoza, P; Carolino, N; Vicente, A; Sponenberg, P; Delgado, J V

    2016-07-01

    Criollo pig breeds are descendants from pigs brought to the American continent starting with Columbus second trip in 1493. Pigs currently play a key role in social economy and community cultural identity in Latin America. The aim of this study was to establish conservation priorities among a comprehensive group of Criollo pig breeds based on a set of 24 microsatellite markers and using different criteria. Spain and Portugal pig breeds, wild boar populations of different European geographic origins and commercial pig breeds were included in the analysis as potential genetic influences in the development of Criollo pig breeds. Different methods, differing in the weight given to within- and between-breed genetic variability, were used in order to estimate the contribution of each breed to global genetic diversity. As expected, the partial contribution to total heterozygosity gave high priority to Criollo pig breeds, whereas Weitzman procedures prioritized Iberian Peninsula breeds. With the combined within- and between-breed approaches, different conservation priorities were achieved. The Core Set methodologies highly prioritized Criollo pig breeds (Cr. Boliviano, Cr. Pacifico, Cr. Cubano and Cr. Guadalupe). However, weighing the between- and within-breed components with FST and 1-FST, respectively, resulted in higher contributions of Iberian breeds. In spite of the different conservation priorities according to the methodology used, other factors in addition to genetic information also need to be considered in conservation programmes, such as the economic, cultural or historical value of the breeds involved.

  9. Soil Characteristics, Microbial Compostion of Plot, Leaf Count and ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Soil Characteristics, Microbial Compostion of Plot, Leaf Count and Sprout Studies of Cocoyam ( Colocasia [Schott] and Xanthosoma [Schott], Araceae) Collected in Edo State, ... Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal ... Government Areas (LGA) in Edo state and describe them based on leaf count and sprout

  10. Descondensación de la heterocromatina en bovinos criollos portadores de la translocación Robertsoniana (rob1; 29. Acción del inductor 5-azacitidina-C Heterochromatin decondesation in Creole cattle carrier of Robertsonian franslocation (rob 1; 29. Action of 5-azacytidine-C

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rody Artigas

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La translocación Robertsoniana (rob1; 29 está ampliamente distribuida en razas comerciales y en reservas genéticas de bovinos Criollos americanos. Se ha descrito un enlentecimiento en el desarrollo de embriones portadores de esta aneuploidía, frente a embriones normales. La acción de la 5-aza-C, como agente desmetilante, permitiría descondensar la heterocromatina constitutiva o facultativa. En este trabajo se realiza inducción con el análogo de base 5-aza-C(10mM, 2 hrs en cultivos linfocitarios de una hembra y un macho portadores de la rob1; 29, frente a bovinos Criollos normales. Se controla la acción desmetilante del inductor al identificar la despiralización del cromosoma X de replicación tardía en hembras y permitir el análisis de la despiralización de la cromatina en múltiples regiones de los autosomas (grandes, medianos, pequeños; de la rob1; 29 y del BTA1. Se discute la correlación existente entre regiones desmetiladas con la descondensación de la heterocromatina facultativa (condicional, relacionándola con la inestabilidad genómica, y la reprogramación epigenética.The Robertsonian translocation (rob1; 29 is widely spread in commercial breeds and specially in genetic reserve of American Creole cattle. It is also described a delay on embryo development in front of normal ones. The action of 5-aza-C, as an hypomethylated agent, could permitted to decondensate the constitutive or facultative heterochromatin. In this work we made induction with the 5-aza-C(10mM, 2 hrs analogs, in lymphocyte cultures of female and male carriers and normal Creole cattle. The DNA hypometilation is found in the inactive X chromosome of late replication as it is incorporated during the last hours of cell culture. The decondensing effects of 5-aza-C analogs is observed in multiple regions of the autosomes chromatin, the rob1; 29 and the BTA1. A correlation between hypometilated regions and decondensed of facultative (conditional

  11. Milk progesterone in evaluation of reproductive performance of dairy cattle in Costa Rica

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Taylor, R.T.; Hueckmann, F.; Estrada, S.; Padilla, M.; Robert, O.; Madriz, C.; Alfaro, R.; Gonzales, V.; Colmenares, A.

    1990-01-01

    Post-partum ovarian activity was studied by means of rectal palpation, and progesterone (P 4 ) concentration measured by radioimmunoassay in defatted milk samples in Jersey, Holstein, Criollo and Criollo x Jersey cows. The accuracy with which farm personnel detected oestrus was monitored from measurements of P 4 on the day of AI and 23 days later. P 4 profiles during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy were determined in Jersey cows through the analysis of daily milk samples. Accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis as indicated by P 4 levels was 79% and 88% in Jersey and Holstein cows respectively. Diagnosis of non-pregnancy from P 4 levels was found to be 100% accurate. Only 62% of the Jerseys and 82.5% of the Holsteins which returned to oestrus after first AI post-partum were identified by staff on the different farms. Studies carried out in Jersey and Holstein cows during the early post-partum period revealed significant discrepancies between P 4 levels and palpable corpora lutea. P 4 profiles showed the presence of short (< 14 days) oestrous cycles in 53.9% and 47.4% of the Jersey and Holstein cows respectively during the first six weeks post-partum. Cows which developed milk fever at or before calving but which were treated promptly took no longer than healthy cows to resume ovarian activity. However, compared with healthy cows, those which had dystocia, retention of placenta or severe metritis took significantly longer (P < 0.01) to resume ovarian activity. Studies in the humid tropics during the post-partum period in Criollo, Criollo x Jersey and Jersey cows showed that 57% of the animals exhibited pre-ovulatory short cycles. Analysis of the monthly AI percentages in the different genetic groups indicated a seasonal distribution in sexual receptivity in both Criollo and Jersey dairy cows under these conditions; Criollo cows also resumed post-partum ovarian activity sooner than the other breeds. (author). 23 refs, 8 figs, 5 tabs

  12. Methodology of molecular diagnose of the Dashen Mosaic Virus for the certification of commercial clones of dashen in vitro plants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José E. González Rámirez

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available The quick propagation of Dasheen clones (Xanthosoma spp and (Colocasia esculenta L. through biotechnical techniques has generated a great demand of free of diseases lines, especially to the Dasheen Mosaic Virus, this pathogen, belonging to the potivirus group, is the most important viral disease that affect the crop leading up to 40% of yield losses. The UM-ELISA diagnostic useded in massive certification programs, with big advantages over other kinds of analysis, has a limit of sensibility that can allow escape of contaminated vegetal material. With the introduction of molecular techniques of diagnostic small viral concentrations can be detected in vitroplants. In the present work, the detection of the Dasheen Mosaic Virus using the technique of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction is carried out. The established methodology was validated and lines of in vitro plants of dasheen were certified to be used in the micropropagation in biofactories. Xanthosoma Key words: Colocasia, DMV, healthy plants, RT-PCR,

  13. Cicatrización guiada en perros criollos con enfermedad periodontal natural Uso de barreras de fabricación nacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Alicia Cardozo de Martínez

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio multietapas evaluó, mediante el empleo de membranas de fabricación nacional, la capacidad regenerativa del periodonto en perros criollos con enfermedad periodontal natural. Siguiendo el diseño experimental de boca dividida -validado por Wikesjo y colaboradores- aplicado para la arcada inferior, se tomó un lado experimental y un lado control, escogiéndose como zonas de trabajo los segundos y terceros premolares. La membrana de fabricación nacional se colocó sobre el lado experimental, cubriendo el defecto furcal, previo raspaje y alisado radicular, en tanto que sobre el defecto control no se colocó membrana, recibiendo solo raspaje y alisado radicular. Las membranas se retiraron entre la cuarta y sexta semana posimplantación. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: 1 clínicamente, sobre los sitios experimentales, se obtuvo una ganancia promedio de inserción de 4,4 mm, mientras que sobre los controles la ganancia promedio fue de 3,6 mm; 2 en términos de porcentaje, se obtuvo una reducción promedio de 62,85% de la profundidad de los defectos sobre los sitios experimentales, en tanto que sobre los controles fue de 51,42%; 3 histométricamente, sobre el lado experimental hubo neoformación de cemento y ligamento periodontal que, en promedio, fue de 3,35 mm, lo cual correspondió a un 47,85% mientras que sobre los controles fue de 3,08 mm, que correspondió a 44%; en cuanto al hueso neoformado, el promedio fue de 2,313 mm (33,71% para los sitios experimentales y de 1,6 mm (22,85% para los sitios control. Histológicamente, se apreció neoformación de cemento radicular, nuevo ligamento periodontal y neoformación ósea hacia el fondo del defecto tanto en los sitios experimentales como en los sitios control; sin embargo, en promedio, la respuesta fue estadísticamente superior en los sitios con membrana. Llamó laatención la enorme variabilidad al evaluar la respuesta en forma individual, encontrándose que, en algunos de los

  14. La rebelión criolla de la Villa de Oruro. Principales causas y perspectivas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frigerio, José Óscar

    1995-06-01

    Full Text Available Not available.

    Desde la frustrada rebelión de 1739, la villa minera de Oruro soportó continuas disputas de sus principales vecinos criollos con los españoles por el control de los primeros cargos del Cabildo, generándose dos bandos enfrentados. El conflicto se acentuó durante la década de 1760 al surgir el clan Rodríguez, que monopolizó los cargos capitulares sustentándose en su gran poder económico. La década de 1770 presenció no sólo el aumento excesivo de las cargas fiscales y del control burocrático real, sino una particular coyuntura de iliquidez de los mineros criollos que sería detonante de su rebelión en 1781. En confluencia con la sublevación general de Túpac Amaru, la rebelión de la villa entera liderada por los Rodríguez dio como resultado la masacre y saqueo de un grupo de comerciantes españoles. Oruro implico un incipiente polo de poder criollo, con la elaboración de una ideología nacionalista criolla, sustentada en justificaciones ideológicas y un limitado mesianismo. Su carencia de programa independentista produjo una alternancia ambigua de sus líderes criollos entre los polos enfrentados.

  15. Fate of Anthocyanins through Cocoa Fermentation. Emergence of New Polyphenolic Dimers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Taeye, Cédric; Eyamo Evina, Victor Jos; Caullet, Gilles; Niemenak, Nicolas; Collin, Sonia

    2016-11-23

    Fresh, ripe cocoa beans from Cameroon (German cocoa/Amelonado group and ICS 40/Trinitario group) were subjected to fermentation-like incubations in acetic acid, lactic acid, or both and to natural fermentation. Two naturally fermented samples from Cuba (UF 654/Trinitario group and C 411/Criollo group) were also investigated. Both cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside (found as major anthocyanins in colored beans only) were drastically degraded through fermentation, especially in small beans and in the presence of acetic acid. On the other hand, emergence of a cyanidin-rhamnose isomer was evidenced, even in Criollo beans. In addition to the recently described structures F1 and F2 [m/z = 575 in ESI(-)], three additional polyphenolic structures [F3, F4, and F5; m/z = 557 in ESI(+)] were found after fermentation, the two former ones resulting from epicatechin oxidation. Synthesis of F5 requires an interclass reaction between cyani(di)n and epicatechin, which explains its absence in fermented Criollo beans.

  16. Utilización de piensos criollos con harina de Albizia lebbeck para la ceba de conejos alimentados con bejuco de boniato Use of home-made concentrate feed with Albizia lebbeck meal for fattening rabbits fed sweet potato vines

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. L Montejo

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un experimento durante 40 días en el módulo de animales menores de la Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes "Indio Hatuey", con el objetivo de evaluar la inclusión de la harina de Albizia lebbeck en un pienso criollo con diferentes suplementos energético-proteicos, para la alimentación de conejos de ceba. Se utilizaron 26 animales mestizos sanos, de 60 días de edad y 0,94 (± 0,10 kg de peso, en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con dos tratamientos (13 animales por cada uno; estos fueron: A 100% bejuco de boniato (Ipomoea batata y B 70% bejuco de boniato más 30% de pienso criollo elaborado con harina de A. lebbeck y diferentes suplementos energético-proteicos. El alimento se ofreció en los horarios de la mañana (9:00-10:00 a.m. y la tarde (3:00-4:00 p.m.. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso final de los animales (A-1,47 kg y B-1,62 kg. Las mejores ganancias de peso vivo se observaron en el tratamiento suplementado B (16,3 g/animal/día, que fueron superiores (PA trial was conducted for 40 days in the small animal facility of the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages "Indio Hatuey", with the objective of evaluating the inclusion of Albizia lebbeck meal in a home-made concentrate feed with different energy-protein supplements, to feed fattening rabbits. Twenty-six healthy crossbred animals, 60 days old and with 0,94 (±0,10 kg of weight, were used in a completely randomized design with two treatments (13 animals each; they were: A 100% sweet potato (Ipomoea batata vines and B 70% sweet potato vines + 30% home-made concentrate feed elaborated with A. lebbeck meal and different energy-protein supplements. The feed was supplied in the morning (9:00-10:00 a.m. and the afternoon (3:00-4:00 p.m.. Significant differences were found in the final weight of the animals (A-1,47 kg and B-1,62 kg. The best live weight gains were observed in the supplemented treatment B (16,3 g/animal/day, which were

  17. Development of a cost-effective diversity-maximising decision-support tool for in situ crop genetic resources conservation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Samuel, Aurelia F.; Drucker, Adam G.; Andersen, Sven Bode

    2013-01-01

    conservation outcomes. Alternative risk measures generally resulted in the allocation of conservation funds to the same priority clusters of cacao (Criollo and Curaray). However, the use of the number of locally common alleles as an alternative to the original Weitzman diversity measure produced a markedly...... different result, prioritising the Purús cluster in Western Amazonia. The Curaray cluster was highly prioritised under both diversity measures, indicating its distinctiveness relative to both the Criollo and Purús clusters. We conclude that the Weitzman approach can indeed allow diversity comparisons...

  18. Analysis of Population Substructure in Two Sympatric Populations of Gran Chaco, Argentina

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sevini, Federica; Yao, Daniele Yang; Lomartire, Laura; Barbieri, Annalaura; Vianello, Dario; Ferri, Gianmarco; Moretti, Edgardo; Dasso, Maria Cristina; Garagnani, Paolo; Pettener, Davide; Franceschi, Claudio; Luiselli, Donata; Franceschi, Zelda Alice

    2013-01-01

    Sub-population structure and intricate kinship dynamics might introduce biases in molecular anthropology studies and could invalidate the efforts to understand diseases in highly admixed populations. In order to clarify the previously observed distribution pattern and morbidity of Chagas disease in Gran Chaco, Argentina, we studied two populations (Wichí and Criollos) recruited following an innovative bio-cultural model considering their complex cultural interactions. By reconstructing the genetic background and the structure of these two culturally different populations, the pattern of admixture, the correspondence between genealogical and genetic relationships, this integrated perspective had the power to validate data and to link the gap usually relying on a singular discipline. Although Wichí and Criollos share the same area, these sympatric populations are differentiated from the genetic point of view as revealed by Non Recombinant Y Chromosome genotyping resulting in significantly high Fst values and in a lower genetic variability in the Wichí population. Surprisingly, the Amerindian and the European components emerged with comparable amounts (20%) among Criollos and Wichí respectively. The detailed analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that the two populations have as much as 87% of private haplotypes. Moreover, from the maternal perspective, despite a common Amerindian origin, an Andean and an Amazonian component emerged in Criollos and in Wichí respectively. Our approach allowed us to highlight that quite frequently there is a discrepancy between self-reported and genetic kinship. Indeed, if self-reported identity and kinship are usually utilized in population genetics as a reliable proxy for genetic identity and parental relationship, in our model populations appear to be the result not only and not simply of the genetic background but also of complex cultural determinants. This integrated approach paves the way to a rigorous reconstruction of

  19. The use of hogdahl convention k0 neutron activation analysis (NAA) standardization method and atomic absortion spectroscopy (ASS) for determination of toxic elements in foodstuffs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahiamadie, H.

    2008-06-01

    Copper, cadmium, tin, chromium, arsenic, antimony, vanadium and mercury contents were determined in various foodstuffs (Mussa paradisiaca (plantains), Manihot esculentus (cassavas), Vantosoma sagittifolium (cocoyam). Vantosoma sagittifolium leaves (kontomire), Lycopersicum esculentus (tomatoes), Capsicum species (peppers), Solanum melongena (garden eggs), Nbelmoschus esculentus (okro), and Colocasia esculenta (kooko or taro)) produced in the Wassa West District, Ghana. These plants are the basis of human nutrition in the study area. These elements were determined using Hogdahl convention k 0 Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) Standardization Method and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The elements in the various foodstuffs and their concentration ranges were Cu (16.87-180.06) mg/kg, As (2.68-9.84) µg/g, Cd (0.63-5.64) µg/g, Hg (0.01-67) ng/g, Cr (0.03-3.66) µg/g, Sb (1.1- 18.6) ng/g, Sn (3.4-58.4) ng/g, and V (12-99) ng/g. The study showed that there are high levels of toxic elements in the foodstuffs grown in the mining areas as compared to that of the non-mining area (i.e., control area). This could be attributed to gold mines pollution. Compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible levels of toxic elements in foods, Cu, Cr and Hg were above the permissible levels whereas the concentrations of As, Cd. Sb, Sn and V fall within the permissible levels. (au)

  20. Muscle and genotype effects on fatty acid composition of goat kid intramuscular fat

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valeriano Domenech

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Little is known about the fatty acid composition of the major muscles in goats from different breeds. Forty entire male suckling kids, 20 Criollo Cordobes and 20 Anglo Nubian, were slaughtered at 75 days of age and the fatty acid composition of their longissimus thoracis (LT and semitendinosus (ST muscles was analysed to clarify the effects of genotype and muscle type on goat kid meat. Genotype had a great influence on the fatty acid composition of goat kid meat. Meat from Criollo Cordobes had greater saturated (P<0.001 and lower monounsaturated (P<0.001 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P=0.002 concentration than meat from Anglo Nubian, showing higher saturated fatty acids (SFA. On the other hand, intramuscular fat content from both genotypes was higher (P=0.042 in ST muscle, while the lowest cholesterol levels were observed in ST of Criollo Cordobes (P=0.038. That higher fat content resulted in lower relative contents of total polyunsaturated (P<0.001 and n-3 (P=0.002 fatty acids due to the lower contribution of the membrane phospholipids.

  1. Estudio molecular preliminar de accesiones de maíz (Zea maysL. criollo e indígena Colombiano, utilizando una región de ADN cloroplástico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ediel Armando Revelo Portilla

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Se exploró en forma preliminar la diversidad genética existente en las 23 razas de maíz criollo e indígena descritas para Colombia por Roberts y colaboradores (1957, para el efecto se evaluaron 28 cebadores nucleares y cloroplásticos. Catorce de ellos amplificaron en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR y fueron enviados para secuenciar a Macrogen Inc. (Corea. Mediante programas bioinformáticos (BioEdit 7.1.0, ClustalW versión 1.81, EditPlus Text Editor versión 3.20 y Gblock 0.91b 8 se encontró que ocho de estos cebadores presentaron un nivel alto de polimorfismo. La región genómica cloroplástica AtpB-1-RbcL-1 mostró el mayor polimorfismo y por tanto se utilizó para evaluar 23 materiales representativos de las 23 razas conservadas en el Banco de Germoplasma del CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo en México. Con el análisis de secuencias se revalidaron y confrontaron los grupos raciales obtenidos en el presente estudio -tres razas primitivas, siete razas probablemente introducidas, y 13 razas híbridas colombianas- con aquellos establecidos por Roberts y colaboradores, en los cuales se encontraron dos razas primitivas, nueve probablemente introducidas y 12 híbridas colombianas y con los grupos establecidos por Cardona (2010 utilizando la metodología Ward-MLM para los mismos caracteres descritos por Roberts et al. (1957, donde se encontraron cinco razas primitivas, siete probablemente introducidas y nueve híbridas colombianas. Con base en lo anterior, en el presente trabajo se hizo un aporte metodológico para revalidar datos históricos y redefinir grupos raciales.

  2. Food Gels From Pregelatinzed Cocoyam, Xanthosoma Species ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Discovery and Innovation. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 12, No 1 (2000) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

  3. Polimorfismo genético de beta-lactoglobulina y alphalactoalbúmina en el ganado criollo colombiano, mediante PCR-SSCP Genetic polymorphism of beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactoalbumin in Colombian Creole cattle by PCR-SSCP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime A Rosero-Alpala

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available La población de ganado criollo colombiano ha venido presentando una inquietante disminución al pasar de 23.415 ejemplares en 1999 a 20.102 en 2003. A pesar de los esfuerzos por recuperar las razas criollas el panorama para su conservación es incierto, por tanto la búsqueda de caracteres deseables puede contribuir a su valoración y conservación. Los genes relacionados con el mejoramiento de la calidad de la leche producida por estas razas se consideran de gran importancia en la industria láctea, por tal razón y con el objetivo de caracterizar los genes beta-lactoglobulina y alpha-lactoalbúmina se analizaron 30 muestras de sangre de cada una de las razas criollas (Blanco Orejinegro, Caqueteño, Casanareño, Costeño con cuernos, Chino Santandereano, Hartón del Valle, Romosinuano y Sanmartinero, dos razas sintéticas colombianas (Lucerna y Velásquez y dos razas foráneas (Holstein y Brahman. Se amplificaron fragmentos de 262pb para beta-lactoglobulina (b-LG y de 166 pb para alpha-lactoalbúmina (a-LA que se genotipificaron mediante PCR-SSCP. El promedio de la frecuencia para b-LG A y b-LG B fue de 0.46 ± 0.020 y de 0.53 ± 0.020, respectivamente, y de 0.35 ± 0.019 para a-LA A y 0.64 ± 0.019 para a-LA B. El promedio de diversidad genética (He para b-LG fue 0.498 y de 0.455 para a-LA. Los ganados criollos representan una base genética valiosa, como alternativa para mejorar genéticamente los hatos destinados a la producción de leche con mejores características en calidad para la industria láctea.The Colombian Creole Cattle has showed a preoccupant population decreasing, from 23,415 individuals in 1999 to 20,102 in 2003. Despite that many efforts to recover the creole breeds have been done, its future conservation is unclear. Searching for economic desirable genes may contribute to its preservation and utilization as a genetic resource. Genes related with the improvement of milk proteins are considered as an economic important

  4. Tratamento de efluentes industriais através da utilização de plantas na despoluição da água, associado à decantação e filtração lenta.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonathan da Silva Borba

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available A água é o elemento fundamental da vida. Seus múltiplos usos são indispensáveis a uma longa abrangência das atividades humanas, onde se destacam, entre outros, o abastecimento público e industrial, a irrigação agrícola, a produção de energia elétrica e as atividades de lazer e recreação. A água potável após a utilização humana apresenta suas características físicas, químicas e biológicas alteradas se transformando em efluentes. O uso de plantas na despoluição dos mesmostem conquistado significativo interesse científico. Portanto este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho vegetal juntamente com a decantação e filtração no tratamento de efluentes, aproveitando suas características de retenção e eliminação de nutrientes. Foi utilizada no sistema a planta aquática (Eichhornia crassipes (mart. solms popularmente conhecida como aguapé além de bananeiras (Musa spp e taiobas (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L. Schott por meio de hidroponia, o meio de tratamento foi mantido em repouso proporcionando a decantação das partículas mais pesadas. Após a etapa de decantação e ação vegetal o efluente foi filtrado através de camadas de areia e brita. Avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas do efluente bruto como: Turbidez, pH, condutividade elétrica, cloretos, sólidos totais, temperatura e análises microbiológicas sendo comparadas com os resultados de cada etapa do sistema e com a legislação atual CONAMA Nº 430/2011 para lançamento de efluentes. Constatou-se a eficiência do meio com relação aos parâmetros analisados como redução de turbidez (82,7%, sólidos totais (97%, condutividade elétrica (98% e cloretos (92%. Os índices de PH e temperatura apresentaram pouca variação e houve diminuição no número de bactérias patogênicas. Ao utilizar plantas, princípios de decantação e filtros de areia e brita foi possível obter resultados satisfatórios quanto ao tratamento de efluentes de

  5. Evaluation of the Criollo breed Romosinuano as purebred and crossbred cows with Brahman and Angus in Florida. II. Maternal influence on calf traits, cow weight, and measures of maternal efficiency.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Riley, D G; Chase, C C; Coleman, S W; Olson, T A

    2014-05-01

    The objectives of this work were to compare the Criollo breed Romosinuano as straightbred and crossbred cows with Angus and Brahman in subtropical Florida and to estimate heterosis for size traits of their calves, their own weight, and maternal efficiency traits. Cows (n = 404) were born from 2002 to 2005. After their first exposure to bulls as young cows, crossbred cows were bred to bulls of the third breed, and straightbred cows were bred in to bulls of the other 2 breeds. Calves were spring-born from 2005 through 2011. Evaluated calf (n = 1,254) traits included birth weight and weight, ADG, BCS, and hip height at weaning. Cow weight (n = 1,389) was recorded at weaning. Maternal efficiency traits evaluated included weaning weight per 100 kg cow weight, weaning weight per calving interval, and weaning weight per cow exposed to breeding (n = 1,442). Fixed effects and their interactions were investigated included sire and dam breed of cow, sire breed of calf, cow age, year, calf gender, and weaning age as a linear covariate (calf traits at weaning). Direct and maternal additive genetic effects were random in models for calf traits; only direct additive effects were modeled for cow traits. Cows sired by Angus bulls from outside the research herd had calves that were heavier at birth and weaning and greater ADG, BCS, and hip height (P cow weight was 65 ± 8 kg for Brahman-Angus (P cow weight was 3.4 ± 0.75 kg for Romosinuano-Angus. Heterosis estimates for weaning weight/calving interval (P cow exposed were 31.6 7.7, 36.9 ± 7.4, and 59.1 ± 7.5 kg for Romosinuano-Angus, Romosinuano-Brahman, and Brahman-Angus, respectively (P cows excelled.

  6. Milk fatty acid profile of Peruvian Criollo and Brown Swiss cows in response to different diet qualities fed at low and high altitude.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bartl, Karin; Gomez, Carlos A; García, Miriam; Aufdermauer, Tony; Kreuzer, Michael; Hess, Hans Dieter; Wettstein, Hans-Rudolf

    2008-12-01

    Two identical experimental protocols were followed at 200 and 3,600 m above sea level (a.s.l.) determining the changes of the milk fatty acid (FA) profile of Brown Swiss (BS) and indigenous Peruvian Criollo cows (CR) as a response to diets which were designed to cover the variation in feed quality caused by season. At each site (altitude), six BS and six CR cows, adapted to > 3,500 m a.s.l., were fed three dietary treatments (DS, dry-season forage; RS rainy-season forage; OC, diet optimised to meet the cow's requirements) in a 2 x 2 x 3-factorial arrangement. Intakes of FA and milk yield increased from diet DS (low quality diet) to RS and OC (high quality diet) for both cow types. Milk fat proportions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:3 c9,c12,c15, total n-3 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were highest (p < 0.05) with diet OC and higher in the lowlands than in the highlands. Low intakes of diet DS obviously resulted in a ruminal energy deficiency and body lipid mobilisation. The ruminal energy deficiency with diet DS was especially pronounced in BS, apparently reducing biohydrogenation rate and leading to lower proportions of C18:0 and higher proportions of C18:3 c9,c12,c15 in milk fat (p < 0.05). Especially C18:3 c9,c12,c15 intake did not concur with its proportion in milk fat, suggesting a strong dependence on energy status. Milk yield and FA excretion with milk were higher for BS than for CR (p < 0.05) with all three diets although milk fat content was lower (p < 0.05) for BS than CR. Milk fat of BS was richer in CLA and PUFA than milk fat of CR (p < 0.05). The desaturase indices for 18 FA were also higher for BS than CR (p < 0.05), suggesting a slightly higher delta9-desaturase activity for BS, especially with diet DS. Milk fat content was generally higher at the high altitude than at the lowland site (p < 0.05), whereas the FA profile was unexpectedly similar across sites. Various interactions were found among diet type, cow type and altitude (site

  7. Tuber Storage Proteins

    OpenAIRE

    SHEWRY, PETER R.

    2003-01-01

    A wide range of plants are grown for their edible tubers, but five species together account for almost 90 % of the total world production. These are potato (Solanum tuberosum), cassava (Manihot esculenta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus), yams (Dioscorea spp.) and taro (Colocasia, Cyrtosperma and Xanthosoma spp.). All of these, except cassava, contain groups of storage proteins, but these differ in the biological properties and evolutionary relationships. Thus, patatin from potato exhibits act...

  8. Heterochromatin decondesation in Creole cattle carrier of Robertsonian franslocation (rob 1; 29. Action of 5–azacytidine–C Descondensación de la heterocromatina en bovinos criollos portadores de la translocación Robertsoniana (rob1; 29. Acción del inductor 5–azacitidina–C

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Postiglioni Alicia

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available The Robertsonian translocation (rob1; 29 is widely spread in commercial breeds and specially in genetic reserve of American Creole cattle. It is also described a delay on embryo development in front of normal ones. The action of 5–aza–C, as an hypomethylated agent, could permitted to decondensate the constitutive or facultative heterochromatin. In this work we made induction with the 5–aza–C(10mM, 2 hrs analogs, in lymphocyte cultures of female and male carriers and normal Creole cattle. The DNA hypometilation is found in the inactive X chromosome of late replication as it is incorporated during the last hours of cell culture. The decondensing effects of 5–aza–C analogs is observed in multiple regions of the autosomes chromatin, the rob1; 29 and the BTA1. A correlation between hypometilated regions and decondensed of facultative (conditional heterochromatin is related with genomic instability, and epigenetic reprogramming.La translocación Robertsoniana (rob1; 29 está ampliamente distribuida en razas comerciales y en reservas genéticas de bovinos Criollos americanos. Se ha descrito un enlentecimiento en el desarrollo de embriones portadores de esta aneuploidía, frente a embriones normales. La acción de la 5–aza–C, como agente desmetilante, permitiría descondensar la heterocromatina constitutiva o facultativa. En este trabajo se realiza inducción con el análogo de base 5–aza–C(10mM, 2 hrs en cultivos linfocitarios de una hembra y un macho portadores de la rob1; 29, frente a bovinos Criollos normales. Se controla la acción desmetilante del inductor al identificar la despiralización del cromosoma X de replicación tardía en hembras y permitir el análisis de la despiralización de la cromatina en múltiples regiones de los autosomas (grandes, medianos, pequeños; de la

  9. Intelectualidad criolla y nación en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Miguel GARCÍA MORA

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo se analizan las interacciones entre las posiciones intelectuales de los autonomistas cubanos y su idea de la nacionalidad, y la utilización que de la "raza" hicieron los científicos criollos. En una primera parte, se estudian los debates en torno a los pobladores "ideales" con los que constituir una nación moderna y "civilizada", que alejara de Cuba el fantasma de la "africanización". La segunda parte del trabajo se centra en el análisis de la publicación cultural más importante del momento, como fue la Revista de Cuba (1877-1884. Una publicación al servicio de una ciencia criolla, en la que se expuso el concepto de nacionalidad y el proyecto político de los autonomistas, compartido por la mayoría de los científicos cubanos. Palabras Clave: Cuba, ciencia criolla, autonomismo, intelectuales, nacionalidad. ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the interactions between the Cuban Autonomists, their intellectual positions and their ideas about "nationality", and the use of the concept of "race" made by the Criollo scientists. The first part studies debates on the "ideal" settlers for the forming of a modern and "civilized" nation, which would remove the spectre of "Africanization" from Cuba. The second part of this work is focused on the analysis of the most important cultural review of the time, the Revista de Cuba (1877-1884. It was in this publi- cation —which acted as the voice of Criollo science— that the concept of nationality and the political project of the Autonomists, which was shared by most of the Cuban scientists, was expressed. Key words: Cuba, Criollo Science, Autonomism, Intellectuals, Nationality.

  10. Time-Related Changes in Volatile Compounds during Fermentation of Bulk and Fine-Flavor Cocoa (Theobroma cacao Beans

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Cevallos-Cevallos

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Chocolate is one of the most consumed foods worldwide and cacao fermentation contributes to the unique sensory characteristics of chocolate products. However, comparative changes in volatiles occurring during fermentation of Criollo, Forastero, and Nacional cacao—three of the most representative cultivars worldwide—have not been reported. Beans of each cultivar were fermented for five days and samples were taken every 24 hours. Volatiles from each sample were adsorbed into a solid phase microextraction fiber and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aroma potential of each compound was determined using available databases. Multivariate data analyses showed partial clustering of samples according to cultivars at the start of the fermentation but complete clustering was observed at the end of the fermentation. The Criollo cacao produced floral, fruity, and woody aroma volatiles including linalool, epoxylinalool, benzeneethanol, pentanol acetate, germacrene, α-copaene, aromadendrene, 3,6-heptanedione, butanal, 1-phenyl ethenone, 2-nonanone, and 2-pentanone. Nacional cacao produced fruity, green, and woody aroma volatiles including 2-nonanone, 3-octen-1-ol, 2-octanol acetate, 2-undecanone, valencene, and aromadendrene. The Forastero cacao yielded floral and sweet aroma volatiles such as epoxylinalool, pentanoic acid, benzeneacetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. This is the first report of volatiles produced during fermentation of Criollo, Forastero, and Nacional cacao from the same origin.

  11. Landscape distribution of desert cattle: effects of diet and vegetation type

    Science.gov (United States)

    Livestock with heritage genetics may increase chances for simultaneously achieving conservation and agricultural production goals in the American Southwest. Past research shows that compared with conventional Angus x Hereford crossbreds (AH), heritage Raramuri Criollo (RC) typically distribute thems...

  12. Design cocoa processing towards healthy cocoa products

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Quiroz-Reyes, Cinthya Nathaly; Fogliano, Vincenzo

    2018-01-01

    Roasting and fermentation are key steps in cocoa processing that can be modulated to optimize the presence of health-promoting compounds in the final product. Roasting promote melanoidins formation and polyphenols depolymerization. Results of Forastero and Criollo cocoa beans were processed in

  13. High yielding and disease resistant mutants of sorghum in Venezuela

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reinoso, A; Murty, B R; Taborda, F [Faculty of Agronomy, University of Zulia, Maracaibo (Venezuela)

    1987-07-01

    The programme was assisted by IAEA under project VEN/5/005 since 1978. It aims at improvement of plant type, earliness and resistance to Macrophomina in the locally adapted varieties Criollo Rojo Pequeno (CRP) and Criollo Blanco Alto (CBA). The mutagenic treatment consisted of seed irradiation at 20, 30 and 40 kR of gamma rays and chemical mutagenesis using sodium azide followed by 5000 kR gamma radiation. The 16 best mutants were evaluated in multilocation trials during M{sub 6}-M{sub 9} 1981-1984: Mutants from CRP namely 1279, 1543, 1265, 2085, 1251 and 1359 and four mutant from CBA, 109, 467, 469 and 81-1227 were found to be superior to their parents and the existing commercial hybrids. CRP 1279, 1543 and 2085 are already under large scale cultivation by farmers and under process for cultivar certification by the Ministry of Agriculture.

  14. Ethnoastronomy in the Multicultural Context of the Agricultural Colonies in Northern Santa Fe Province, Argentina

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mudrik, Armando

    In this paper, we present a study about cultural astronomy among European colonists and their Argentinean descendants, in the context of a complex interaction between criollos, aboriginals and European colonists from different origins and religions, who settled in the northern area of the Argentinean province of Santa Fe, which is part of the southern Gran Chaco. These colonists arrived among waves of immigration occurring in Argentina in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Through ethnographic field research among these immigrants and their descendants, we carried out a survey of their astronomical representations and practices, and the connections of these with their social life and farming tasks. Through this we gained an insight as to how the astronomical ideas of immigrants, criollos and aboriginal groups influenced each other, generating a variety of new relations with the celestial realm.

  15. High yielding and disease resistant mutants of sorghum in Venezuela

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reinoso, A.; Murty, B.R.; Taborda, F.

    1987-01-01

    The programme was assisted by IAEA under project VEN/5/005 since 1978. It aims at improvement of plant type, earliness and resistance to Macrophomina in the locally adapted varieties Criollo Rojo Pequeno (CRP) and Criollo Blanco Alto (CBA). The mutagenic treatment consisted of seed irradiation at 20, 30 and 40 kR of gamma rays and chemical mutagenesis using sodium azide followed by 5000 kR gamma radiation. The 16 best mutants were evaluated in multilocation trials during M 6 -M 9 1981-1984: Mutants from CRP namely 1279, 1543, 1265, 2085, 1251 and 1359 and four mutant from CBA, 109, 467, 469 and 81-1227 were found to be superior to their parents and the existing commercial hybrids. CRP 1279, 1543 and 2085 are already under large scale cultivation by farmers and under process for cultivar certification by the Ministry of Agriculture

  16. Heterosis and direct effects for Charolais-sired calf weight and growth, cow weight and weight change, and ratios of cow and calf weights and weight changes across warm season lactation in Romosinuano, Angus, and F1 cows in A

    Science.gov (United States)

    The use of Brahman in cow-calf production in the southeastern U.S. offers some adaptation to the harsh characteristics of endophyte-infected tall fescue. Other breeds, such as the Criollo breed Romosinuano, may provide similar adaptative characteristics. The objectives were to evaluate Romosinuano...

  17. The identification of a putative mutation for SLICK hair coat in Senepol cattle

    Science.gov (United States)

    The slick hair coat (SLICK) is a dominantly inherited trait typically associated with tropically adapted, Criollo-derived cattle breeds. The trait is of interest relative to climate change, due to its association with improved thermo-tolerance and subsequent increased productivity. The goal of thi...

  18. Foraging behavior of heritage versus recently introduced herbivores on desert landscapes of the American Southwest

    Science.gov (United States)

    Since the 1800s managed grasslands and shrublands of the arid American Southwest have been grazed predominantly by cattle originally bred for temperate climates in northern Europe. A heritage breed, the criollo cattle, has survived in northern Mexico for more than 400 years under desert-like conditi...

  19. Genome-wide association study and ancestral origins of the slick-hair coat in tropically adapted cattle

    Science.gov (United States)

    The slick hair coat (SLICK) is a dominantly inherited trait typically associated with tropically adapted cattle that are from Criollo descent through Spanish colonization of cattle into the New World. The trait is of interest relative to climate change, due to its association with improved thermo-t...

  20. Manuel Gonzalez Prada and Rigoberta Menchu: Measuring "Indigenismo" through Indigenous Thought

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ward, Thomas

    2012-01-01

    Much has been written about "indianismo" and "indigenismo" and their literary and social meaning, but rarely have these two "criollo" movements been positioned face to face with actual Indigenous expression. This article attempts a preliminary pass at just such an approach by comparing four indigenous themes…

  1. The genome sequence of the most widely cultivated cacao type and its use to identify candidate genes regulating pod color.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Motamayor, Juan C; Mockaitis, Keithanne; Schmutz, Jeremy; Haiminen, Niina; Livingstone, Donald; Cornejo, Omar; Findley, Seth D; Zheng, Ping; Utro, Filippo; Royaert, Stefan; Saski, Christopher; Jenkins, Jerry; Podicheti, Ram; Zhao, Meixia; Scheffler, Brian E; Stack, Joseph C; Feltus, Frank A; Mustiga, Guiliana M; Amores, Freddy; Phillips, Wilbert; Marelli, Jean Philippe; May, Gregory D; Shapiro, Howard; Ma, Jianxin; Bustamante, Carlos D; Schnell, Raymond J; Main, Dorrie; Gilbert, Don; Parida, Laxmi; Kuhn, David N

    2013-06-03

    Theobroma cacao L. cultivar Matina 1-6 belongs to the most cultivated cacao type. The availability of its genome sequence and methods for identifying genes responsible for important cacao traits will aid cacao researchers and breeders. We describe the sequencing and assembly of the genome of Theobroma cacao L. cultivar Matina 1-6. The genome of the Matina 1-6 cultivar is 445 Mbp, which is significantly larger than a sequenced Criollo cultivar, and more typical of other cultivars. The chromosome-scale assembly, version 1.1, contains 711 scaffolds covering 346.0 Mbp, with a contig N50 of 84.4 kbp, a scaffold N50 of 34.4 Mbp, and an evidence-based gene set of 29,408 loci. Version 1.1 has 10x the scaffold N50 and 4x the contig N50 as Criollo, and includes 111 Mb more anchored sequence. The version 1.1 assembly has 4.4% gap sequence, while Criollo has 10.9%. Through a combination of haplotype, association mapping and gene expression analyses, we leverage this robust reference genome to identify a promising candidate gene responsible for pod color variation. We demonstrate that green/red pod color in cacao is likely regulated by the R2R3 MYB transcription factor TcMYB113, homologs of which determine pigmentation in Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Brassicaceae. One SNP within the target site for a highly conserved trans-acting siRNA in dicots, found within TcMYB113, seems to affect transcript levels of this gene and therefore pod color variation. We report a high-quality sequence and annotation of Theobroma cacao L. and demonstrate its utility in identifying candidate genes regulating traits.

  2. Evaluación de indicadores productivos en conejas mestizas con una dieta basada en forraje y pienso criollo Evaluation of productive indicators in crossbred does with a diet based on forage and homemade concentrate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O López

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento productivo de conejas mestizas se utilizaron un total de 24 reproductoras, entre 10 y 18 meses de edad, con un peso promedio superior a los 3,0 kg durante cuatro meses. Las reproductoras consumieron una dieta constituida por: forraje de morera (Morus alba: 0,30 kg; caña (Saccharum officinarum molida: 0,25 kg, glycine (Neonotonia wightii: 0,40 kg y pienso criollo: 0,06 kg. Las crías se pesaron al nacimiento, a los 20 y a los 45 días de edad. En las reproductoras se controló las crías nacidas vivas y destetadas por parto. Se obtuvo como promedio 6,4 gazapos vivos por parto con 0,054 kg de PV al nacimiento y se destetaron 5,4 crías a los 45 días de edad con un peso de 0,694 kg. Además, se encontró un 84,4% de supervivencia durante la etapa de lactación. La ganancia media diaria durante la lactancia fue de 0,014 kg/animal/día. Los resultados evidenciaron que con la dieta propuesta se obtuvieron indicadores productivos alentadores en reproductoras mestizas.With the objective of evaluating the productive performance of crossbred does, a total of 24 animals were used, between 10 and 18 months old, with average weight higher than 3,0 kg, during four months. The does ate a diet constituted by mulberry (Morus alba forage: 0,30 kg; ground sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum: 0,25 kg; glycine (Neonotonia wightii: 0,40 kg and homemade concentrate: 0,06 kg. The young rabbits were weighed at birth, 20 and 45 days after birth. In the does the offspring born alive and weaned per parturition, were controlled. As average, 6,4 live rabbits were obtained per parturition, with 0,054 kg LW at birth and 5,4 rabbits were weaned being 45 days old and weighing 0,694 kg. In addition, 84,4% survival was found during the lactation stage. The mean daily gain during lactation was 0,014 kg/animal/day. The results proved that with the proposed diet encouraging productive indicators were obtained in crossbred does.

  3. Where Does Cuba Stand?

    Science.gov (United States)

    1994-01-14

    number of foreign tourists visiting the island, which has resulted in the virtual exclusion of the criollos from the choice spots in the littoral, and has...Anallsis Infurmativo de la Realidad ," paper delivered at the Annual Congress of the Partido Democrat. Cristlano de Cuba, Miami, June 4, 1993, pp. 19-23. 25

  4. El nombre 'Forastero' no más: A new protocol for meaningful cacao germplasm classification.

    Science.gov (United States)

    The title of this article (The name ‘Forastero’ no more) is to convey an attempt in this paper to try to convince the cacao scientific community not to use the term Forastero to identify cacao germplasm of non-Criollo origin. The term Forastero originated in Latin America to differentiate the intro...

  5. Carboidratos e carotenoides totais em duas variedades de mangarito

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Sato Ferreira

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição de carboidratos e carotenoides em rizomas mãe e filhos das variedades de mangarito (Xanthosoma riedelianum pequeno e gigante. Amostras dos rizomas coletadas ao longo do ciclo cultural e após 90 dias de armazenamento foram avaliadas quanto aos teores de carboidratos e carotenoides totais. Os rizomas apresentaram aumento no teor de carboidratos, e o rizoma-mãe da variedade pequeno apresentou acréscimos lineares no teor de carotenoides, ao longo do cultivo. O armazenamento reduz os teores de carboidratos e de carotenoides totais em todos os rizomas.

  6. Entomofauna Associated with Agroforestry Systems of Timber Species and Cacao in the Southern Region of the Maracaibo Lake Basin (Mérida, Venezuela).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mazón, Marina; Sánchez-Angarita, Daniel; Díaz, Francisco A; Gutiérrez, Néstor; Jaimez, Ramón

    2018-04-20

    Agroforestry systems are environment-friendly production systems which help to preserve biodiversity while providing people with a way of earning a living. Cacao is a historically important crop in Venezuela that traditionally has been produced in agroforestry systems. However, few studies have evaluated how different trees used in those systems affect the dynamics and abundance of insects. The present study evaluated the entomofauna assemblages associated with different combinations of four timber-yielding trees and four Criollo cacao cultivars established in a lowland tropical ecosystem in Venezuela. A randomized block design with two replicates was used, each block having 16 plots which included all 16 possible combinations of four native timber trees ( Cordia thaisiana , Cedrela odorata , Swietenia macrophylla , and Tabebuia rosea ) and four Criollo cacao cultivars (Porcelana, Guasare, Lobatera and Criollo Merideño). Insects were collected with yellow pan traps and sorted to order. Coleoptera and parasitoid Hymenoptera were determined to the family level. In total, 49,538 individuals of seven orders were collected, with Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera being the most abundant, although only Lepidoptera and Coleoptera abundances were significantly influenced by the timber tree species. Twenty-three families of parasitoid Hymenoptera and 26 of Coleoptera were found. Significant differences in insects’ assemblages were found both in parasitoid Hymenoptera and Coleoptera families associated to every shade tree, with the families Eulophidae and Lycidae being indicators for Cordia , and Chalcididae for Swietenia . The entomofauna relationship with the cacao cultivar was barely significant, although Scydmaenidae and Scarabaeidae were indicators for Lobatera and Merideño, respectively. No significant effects were found for interaction with cacao cultivars and native trees. We concluded that the particular insect assemblages found in Cedrela odorata and Cordia

  7. Entomofauna Associated with Agroforestry Systems of Timber Species and Cacao in the Southern Region of the Maracaibo Lake Basin (Mérida, Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Mazón

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Agroforestry systems are environment-friendly production systems which help to preserve biodiversity while providing people with a way of earning a living. Cacao is a historically important crop in Venezuela that traditionally has been produced in agroforestry systems. However, few studies have evaluated how different trees used in those systems affect the dynamics and abundance of insects. The present study evaluated the entomofauna assemblages associated with different combinations of four timber-yielding trees and four Criollo cacao cultivars established in a lowland tropical ecosystem in Venezuela. A randomized block design with two replicates was used, each block having 16 plots which included all 16 possible combinations of four native timber trees (Cordia thaisiana, Cedrela odorata, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tabebuia rosea and four Criollo cacao cultivars (Porcelana, Guasare, Lobatera and Criollo Merideño. Insects were collected with yellow pan traps and sorted to order. Coleoptera and parasitoid Hymenoptera were determined to the family level. In total, 49,538 individuals of seven orders were collected, with Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera being the most abundant, although only Lepidoptera and Coleoptera abundances were significantly influenced by the timber tree species. Twenty-three families of parasitoid Hymenoptera and 26 of Coleoptera were found. Significant differences in insects’ assemblages were found both in parasitoid Hymenoptera and Coleoptera families associated to every shade tree, with the families Eulophidae and Lycidae being indicators for Cordia, and Chalcididae for Swietenia. The entomofauna relationship with the cacao cultivar was barely significant, although Scydmaenidae and Scarabaeidae were indicators for Lobatera and Merideño, respectively. No significant effects were found for interaction with cacao cultivars and native trees. We concluded that the particular insect assemblages found in Cedrela odorata

  8. BIOMASA Y RENDIMIENTO DE FRIJOL CON POTENCIAL EJOTERO EN UNICULTIVO Y ASOCIADO CON GIRASOL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Garduño-González

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la producción de biomasa, rendimiento y algunos de sus componentes de dos cultivares de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L. con potencial ejotero ('Acerado' y 'Criollo', en unicultivo y asociado con dos cultivares de girasol (Helianthus annuus L. ('Sunbright' y 'Victoria'. El estudio se realizó durante el ciclo primavera verano 2006 bajo condiciones de temporal en Tenancingo, Méx. Las variables evaluadas fueron: índice de área foliar (IAF, tasa de asimilación neta (TAN, biomasa total (BT, diámetro de vaina (DV, longitud de vaina (LV, número de vainas·m-2 (NV y rendimiento de vaina·m-2 (RV; las cuales fueron analizadas en arreglo factorial, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Para estimar el grado de asociación, entre las variables estudiadas y el rendimiento de vainas, se realizó un análisis de correlación lineal simple. En el factor cultivares se detectaron diferencias estadísticas significativas para la TAN y DV; para el factor sistemas de siembra hubo diferencias significativas para BT, DV, NV y RV. La interacción cultivares * sistema de siembra fue significativa en todas las variables, excepto en la TAN. En ese sentido, las asociaciones 'Criollo' + 'Sunbright', 'Acerado' + 'Victoria' y 'Acerado' en unicultivo, presentaron el mayor RV. Las variables IAF, BT y NV se correlacionaron positiva y significativamente con el rendimiento de vaina. Los resultados indican que 'Criollo' y 'Acerado', asociados con 'Sunbright' y 'Victoria', respectivamente, responden positivamente a la asociación, constituyendo una buena opción para los productores de la región de Tenancingo, México.

  9. The genome sequence of the most widely cultivated cacao type and its use to identify candidate genes regulating pod color

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    Background Theobroma cacao L. cultivar Matina 1-6 belongs to the most cultivated cacao type. The availability of its genome sequence and methods for identifying genes responsible for important cacao traits will aid cacao researchers and breeders. Results We describe the sequencing and assembly of the genome of Theobroma cacao L. cultivar Matina 1-6. The genome of the Matina 1-6 cultivar is 445 Mbp, which is significantly larger than a sequenced Criollo cultivar, and more typical of other cultivars. The chromosome-scale assembly, version 1.1, contains 711 scaffolds covering 346.0 Mbp, with a contig N50 of 84.4 kbp, a scaffold N50 of 34.4 Mbp, and an evidence-based gene set of 29,408 loci. Version 1.1 has 10x the scaffold N50 and 4x the contig N50 as Criollo, and includes 111 Mb more anchored sequence. The version 1.1 assembly has 4.4% gap sequence, while Criollo has 10.9%. Through a combination of haplotype, association mapping and gene expression analyses, we leverage this robust reference genome to identify a promising candidate gene responsible for pod color variation. We demonstrate that green/red pod color in cacao is likely regulated by the R2R3 MYB transcription factor TcMYB113, homologs of which determine pigmentation in Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Brassicaceae. One SNP within the target site for a highly conserved trans-acting siRNA in dicots, found within TcMYB113, seems to affect transcript levels of this gene and therefore pod color variation. Conclusions We report a high-quality sequence and annotation of Theobroma cacao L. and demonstrate its utility in identifying candidate genes regulating traits. PMID:23731509

  10. EVALUACIÓN DE CUATRO PATRONES PARA INJERTOS DE GUAYABA (Psidium guajava L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Bogantes-Arias

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo se realizó en la Estación Experimental Los Diamantes del INTA entre el 2004 y el 2007, con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de varios patrones en la injertación de la guayaba. Se evaluaron cuatro patrones: tres de cas (Psidium friedrichsthalianum, y uno de guayaba, sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de un clon experimental de guayaba (Psidium guajava. En la etapa de vivero, el prendimiento fue de un 100% para los patrones guayaba y "cas brasileño", mientras que para los tratamientos con "arrayán" y "cas criollo" fue de un 90%. El crecimiento vegetativo inicial fue significativamente mayor en el testigo. En el campo, se observó la misma tendencia de mayor crecimiento en el tratamiento de guayaba como patrón. También, se observó un claro efecto enanizante del patrón arrayán, mientras que los patrones "cas brasileño" y "cas criollo" mostraron un crecimiento intermedio. El número y peso de la fruta fue superior en el tratamiento de guayaba como patrón y no hubo diferencias entre los tipos de cas. Con el fin de evaluar la susceptibilidad de los patrones a nematodos en plantas adultas, se incluyó un testigo adicional de guayaba al que se le aplicó nematicida en campo. Los resultados indican que los nematodos Meloidogyne sp. y Pratylenchus sp. lograron colonizar las raíces de los tratamientos de guayaba con y sin nematicida, así como del cas brasileño. No se detectaron nematodos en las raíces de los patrones cas criollo ni de arrayán.

  11. La poesía ebanita y su precursor Candelario Obeso

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    Ramiro Lagos

    1983-01-01

    Full Text Available Colombia, crisol de un claro mestizaje acriollado, donde la raza se funda, no en el color sino en el bronce de su valor y de su épica, unido a esa patina de cultura que da al colombiano un perfil singular, es quizá una de las naciones que más se han liberado, por su cultura, de las consabidas discriminaciones que separan al blanco del negro, del mulato y del aindiado. No es Colombia un país estrictamente criollo como las naciones rioplatenses que se precian de su ancestro europeo. Sin embargo, tan criollo culturalmente, se enorgullece de serlo el colombiano como aquel que lo es por dictados de la sangre ancestral, considerándose Colombia uno de los países más hispánicos, no sólo por la sangre cultural que colma su espíritu neorenacentista, sino por el purismo de su lenguaje castizo con que se expresan, para hablar con énfasis y claridad, las voces múltiples de sus portavoces raciales.

  12. Relaciones entre los bovinos criollos panameños y algunas razas criollas de Latinoamérica Relationships between Panamanians and some creole cattle landraces in Latin America

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Axel Villalobos-Cortés

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la relación genética entre poblaciones bovinas panameñas Guabalá y Guaymí y algunas poblaciones criollas de Latinoamérica. Se practicó un análisis factorial de correspondencias, análisis de varianza molecular, distancias genéticas, número medio de migrantes por población y los estadísticos F de Wright. Se evaluó la estructura de la población mediante un modelo Bayesiano, suponiéndose un número desconocido de K grupos diferentes genéticamente. El análisis factorial de correspondencias mostró que las poblaciones Guabalá y Guaymí se agrupan con los bovinos criollos mexicanos y el Texas Longhorn. Igualmente se observó menor diferenciación genética de las criollas panameñas con mexicanos y el Texas Longhorn. Los análisis de distancia genética también mostraron dados similares a los obtenidos por el Amova y por el análisis factorial de correspondencia, y se observó menor distancia entre poblaciones del norte y las panameñas, en comparación con las poblaciones del sur. La agrupación bayesiana permitió la asignación de los individuos a su respectivo grupo, con base en su semejanza genética, y proporcionó información acerca del número de poblaciones bajo el cual se originan. Hay una estrecha relación histórica, genética y geográfica de las poblaciones panameñas, criollas mexicanas y Texas Longhorn, a partir de las migraciones de sus precursores desde las Antillas hacia Panamá y México.The objective of this work was to establish the genetic relationship between Guabalá and Guaymi cattle populations and some native ones of Latin America. Factorial correspondence analysis, analysis of molecular variance, genetic distances, average number of migrants per population and Wright's F statistics were performed. Population structure was assessed by a Bayesian model, assuming an unknown number of K genetically distinct groups. The correspondence analysis showed that the

  13. In Pursuit of the "Faerie Folk": Identity, Self-Determination, and Multiculturalism in Louisiana

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nagel, Paul; Lee, Dayna Bowker

    2009-01-01

    What is "Creole"? The textbook answer is that the word derives from the Portuguese "crioulo" or Spanish "criollo," from the verb "to create." The term developed out of the colonial experience, and was used as a way to identify those people and things born in the New World from Old World stock. Hence, second generation French or Spanish colonial…

  14. Criollo cattle: Heritage genetics for arid landscapes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thirty cows and three bulls from the Chinipas region in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, were introduced onto the US Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service’s Jornada Experimental Range (JER) in 2005. Since then behavioral research has revealed these cattle, most accurately referre...

  15. UN CUENTO DE ALFONSO CASTRO. STRADIVARIUS CRIOLLO

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    Alfonso Castro

    1978-10-01

    Full Text Available

    Cada alarido de la parturienta era como un rayón hondo en el alma de Jorge Romero. Jamás en su corta vida había oído tales gritos de angustia, rítmicos, periódicos, desgarrantes, seguidos de cortos intervalos de reposo, en que la mujer quedaba exhausta, flácidos los miembros, entornados los ojos, sudorosa la faz.
    Estúpida la naturaleza cuando así torturaba a un ser delicado, después de deformarlo
    y someterlo a prueba tan violenta.
    Estúpido el amor, que en el hombre era placer y en la mujer un penar de nueve meses para luego terminar en aquella horrible tragedia, en que las carnes martirizadas, antes tersas y hermosas, tornábanse en doliente martilleo de fuerzas implacables.
    ¡El amor!
    Miraba en torno: por todas partes el desamparo, en el último cartucho de la humilde casa de huéspedes. Hacíansele palpable su miseria al contemplar, por mobiliario, el desvencijado catrecillo de estudiante, donde yacía la paciente entre pobres mantas revueltas; una mesa de pino desmantelada, que soportaba algunos libros de derecho, un termo de café y
    unas cuantas vasijas de loza ordinaria y dos o tres sillas, tan maltrechas como el catre.
    Pensaba en su situación desesperada asistiendo al acto fisiólogico y misterioso, sin saber que partido tomar. La casera, indiferente, se había acostado desde las diez, manifestándole que el hecho "era natural", que "eso les ocurría a todas las mujeres". y él allí, en la más cruel de las soledades, sin un centavo en el bolsillo y en la absoluta incapacidad de llamar un médico.
    Maldecía la hora en que había seducido a la infeliz muchacha en un café, donde concurría por las noches a preparar sus lecciones. La quiso con ese afecto de los primeros años, que tiene más de vanidad que de sentimiento....

  16. EFFECT OF BAP AND IAA ON SHOOT REGENERATION IN COTYLEDONARY EXPLANTS OF COSTA RICAN MELON GENOTYPES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Valdez Melara

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Para establecer una metodología para la regeneración del melón criollo (Cucumis melo L, se investigó la influencia del genotipo (OSO-1, OSO-2, OSO- 3, PQRG-1, PQRG-2, PQRG-3, y EM-1 y la interacción de N6-bencilaminopurina (BAP (0,1, 0,5 y 1,0 mg.l-1 con ácido indolacético (AIA (0, 0,05 y 0,5 mg.l-1 en la inducción de brotes y regeneración de plantas. Independientemente de la concentración de BAP y AIA, el mayor porcentaje de formación de brotes se obtuvo en EM-1>OSO-1>PQRG-3>OSO-2>PQRG-2>PQRG-1>OSO-3. Por otra parte, independientemente del genotipo, el mayor porcentaje de formación de brotes se obtuvo con 0,5 mg.l-1 BAP y 0,05 mg.l-1 AIA o 1 mg.l-1 BAP y 0 mg.l-1 AIA. El protocolo de cultivo in vitro establecido puede ser utilizado para la micropropagación de genotipos "criollos" de melón.

  17. Food Fingerprinting: Characterization of the Ecuadorean Type CCN-51 of Theobroma cacao L. Using Microsatellite Markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herrmann, Luise; Felbinger, Christine; Haase, Ilka; Rudolph, Barbara; Biermann, Bernhard; Fischer, Markus

    2015-05-13

    The cocoa type "Colección Castro Naranjal 51" (CCN-51) is known for its resistance to specific climate conditions and its high yield, but it shows a weaker flavor profile and therefore is marketed as bulk cocoa. In a previous study, the two cocoa types Arriba and CCN-51 could easily be distinguished, but differences among the CCN-51 samples were observed. This was unexpected, as CCN-51 is reported to be a clone. To confirm whether CCN-51 is a pure clone, 10 simple sequence repeats (SSR) located on the nuclear genome were used to analyze various CCN-51 samples in comparison to the cocoa varieties Arriba and Criollo. As expected, there are differences in the SSR pattern among CCN-51, Arriba, and Criollo, but a variability within the CCN-51 sample set was detected as well. The previously described sequence variation in the chloroplast genome was confirmed by a variability in the microsatellite loci of the nuclear genome for a comprehensive cultivar collection of CCN-51 of both bean and leaf samples. In summary, beneath somaclonal variation, misidentification of plant collections and also sexual reproduction of CCN-51 can be suggested.

  18. Convergent Evolution of Slick Coat in Cattle through Truncation Mutations in the Prolactin Receptor

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    Laercio R. Porto-Neto

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Evolutionary adaptations are occasionally convergent solutions to the same problem. A mutation contributing to a heat tolerance adaptation in Senepol cattle, a New World breed of mostly European descent, results in the distinct phenotype known as slick, where an animal has shorter hair and lower follicle density across its coat than wild type animals. The causal variant, located in the 11th exon of prolactin receptor, produces a frameshift that results in a truncated protein. However, this mutation does not explain all cases of slick coats found in criollo breeds. Here, we obtained genome sequences from slick cattle of a geographically distinct criollo breed, namely Limonero, whose ancestors were originally brought to the Americas by the Spanish. These data were used to identify new causal alleles in the 11th exon of the prolactin receptor, two of which also encode shortened proteins that remove a highly conserved tyrosine residue. These new mutations explained almost 90% of investigated cases of animals that had slick coats, but which also did not carry the Senepol slick allele. These results demonstrate convergent evolution at the molecular level in a trait important to the adaptation of an animal to its environment.

  19. Origanum essential oil : a potential food additive

    OpenAIRE

    Amadio, Claudia; Medina, Rosa; Dediol, Cora; Zimmermann, Mónica; Miralles, Susana

    2011-01-01

    Se trabajó con aceite esencial obtenido por arrastre por vapor de Origanum x applii (criollo) y Origanum x majoricum (mendocino), cultivados en La Consulta, Mendoza, Argentina. Para evaluar su poder antioxidante y conservante en alimentos se determinó: rendimiento, polifenoles totales, cuantificación de timol y carvacrol mediante cromatografía en capa fina de alta resolución (HPTLC) y capacidad de secues...

  20. La rebelión del Marqués del Valle: un examen del gobierno virreinal en Nueva España en 1566 = The Rebellion of the Marquis of the Valley: A Test for the Viceregal Government in New Spain at 1566

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reiko Tateiwa Igarashi

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available ResumenEl presente trabajo analiza las diversas fuerzas políticas (visitador, virrey, Audiencia y Consejo de Indias, que actuaron e intervinieron durante los primeros gobiernos virreinales de Nueva España en el siglo XVI, a través de la rebelión del marqués del Valle, Martín Cortés, hijo y heredero del conquistador Hernán Cortés a quien consideraron como líder natural los criollos, descendientes de los conquistadores que reclamaban al rey su derecho de sucesión en las encomiendas, el cual se había visto limitado por las Leyes Nuevas. Lejos de responder a la reclamación de estos criollos, las autoridades real y virreinal revelaron su dificultad para comprender la realidad novohispana y la falta de coordinación política entre la metrópoli y la capital mexicana. Finalmente, se decidieron a introducir cambios en su política, entre ellos, la posibilidad de enviar al príncipe heredero Felipe a las Indias con el fin de establecer el orden. AbstractThis paper analyses the attitude of viceregal political institutions –such as the royal visitador, the Viceroy, the royal Audiencia, the Council of Indies–, during the first governments of New Spain in the 16th century through the rebellion of the Marquis of the Valley, Martín Cortés, conqueror Hernán Cortés’ son, natural leader of the second generation of the conquerors who demanded the King their right to the encomienda, limited by the New Laws. Far from giving a response to the criollos, the real and viceregal authorities showed their difficulties to understand the reality of the Indies and lack of coordination on its policies between the metropolis and its colony. Finally, they started to introduce changes, including the possibility to send prince Felipe to the Indies in order to establish the royal authority.

  1. LA ÉPOCA DE FORMACIÓN DE LA LENGUA DE PALENQUE: DATOS HISTÓRICOS Y LINGÜÍSTICOS THE FORMATION PERIOD OF THE PALENQUERO LANGUAGE: HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC DATA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marianne Dieck

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El estudio de la formación y constitución de nuevas sociedades americanas nos enfrenta a la pregunta por el surgimiento del criollo palenquero. En los estudios realizados se ha propuesto el siglo XVII como el periodo probable de formación de esta lengua. El presente artículo aporta más argumentos a favor de esta hipótesis, argumentos basados en datos históricos publicados recientemente y en su interpretación a la luz de aquellas propuestas explicativas sobre la génesis de los criollos que tienen en cuenta el proceso de dilución del superestrato como punto de partida del surgimiento de nuevas lenguas. Los datos histórico-demográficos presentados apuntan a que el periodo de formación del criollo palenquero corresponde a la primera mitad del siglo XVII, una vez comenzado el proceso de dilución del español en la Provincia de Cartagena probablemente a fines del siglo XVI o comienzos del XVII, época en la que también se intensificó significativamente el cimarronaje.The study of the formation and consolidation of the new American societies necessarily leads to the question of the emergence of Palenquero Creole. Research has suggested the 17th century as the probable period of formation of this language. This study provides further arguments in favor of this hypothesis, arguments based on recently published historical information and on its interpretation in the light of explanatory proposals regarding the genesis of Creole languages that take into account the dilution of the superstrate as the starting point for the formation of new languages. The historical-demographic data provided point to the first half of the 17th century as the period of formation of Palenquero Creole, once the process of dilution of Spanish in the Province of Cartagena had begun, probably toward the end of the 16th century or early 17th century, a period during which maroon activity intensified significantly.

  2. Composición étnica de las tres áreas culturales del continente americano al comienzo del siglo XXI

    OpenAIRE

    Francisco Lizcano Fernández

    2005-01-01

    This article is based on the characterization, quantification and geografical distribution of the six ethnic groups in those that the Ibero-American population is divided: Latin or Iberian, Indigenous, Black, Creole, Garífuna and Asian. From this, it is possible to distinguish four types of countries in Iberoamérica (Indo-European, afrocriollo, afromestizo and criollo) and the Ibero-American cultural area is confronted with the other cultural areas of the American continent (En...

  3. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-dependent production of transformed roots from foliar explants of pepper (Capsicum annuum): a new and efficient tool for functional analysis of genes

    OpenAIRE

    Aarrouf, Jawad; Mallard, Stephanie; Caromel, Bernard; Lizzi, Y.; Lefebvre, Véronique

    2012-01-01

    Pepper is known to be a recalcitrant species to genetic transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation offers an alternative and rapid possibility to study gene functions in roots. In our study, we developed a new and efficient system for A. rhizogenes transformation of the cultivated species Capsicum annuum. Hypocotyls and foliar organs (true leaves and cotyledons) of Yolo Wonder (YW) and Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334) pepper cultivars were inoculated wit...

  4. Aislamiento de cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii en un felino doméstico. Reporte de caso

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    Marlyn Zapata Montoya

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Se halló evidencia clínica, citológica y serológica de una infección natural con Criptococcus en un felino criollo proveniente de La Mesa, Cundinamarca (Colombia. C. neoformans var. grubii fue aislado del cultivo de secreciones nasales del paciente. Para el tratamiento específico se utilizó fluconazol, que mostró buenos resultados a partir del primer mes de haber iniciado su administración.

  5. La rebelión de Galán de Luis Torres Almeyda. Mirando hacia la libertad (1

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    Luis Torres Almeyda

    1962-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta la reseña los siguientes capitulos:  1-     El agitador clandestino 2-     El primer lance 3-     Un motín verdadero 4-     Rebelión en Charalá 5-     Doctrina de los Comuneros 6-     La presencia de Tupac Amaru 7-     La alianza con los criollos ricos

  6. La cuestión del nacionalismo actual, el racismo y los procesos de movilización política de las identidades étnicas en Belice: reflexiones de campo

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    Carlos Correa

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es analizar cómo se articulan los procesos de nacionalismo actual en Belice con manifestaciones de racismo. Se hace hincapié en la producción de identidades excluidas de los marcos de construcción nacional en el contexto de la movilización política de la etnicidad y de proyectos oficiales de corte nacionalista. Los criollos afro-beliceños han sido tomados como el centro de proyectos nacionalistas promovidos por el Estado en su período posterior a la independencia en el contexto de un discurso sobre multiculturalismo. Mientras otros grupos étnicos disputan espacios de representación dentro de estas construcciones de identidad nacional mediante la movilización cultural articulada con la promoción oficial de la diversidad. En ese sentido, el estatus de los criollos nos permite cuestionar las imágenes de la negritud y los descendientes de africanos comúnmente considerados marginados de los espacios de poder para mostrarnos cómo la dinámica histórica del colonialismo juega con categorías como la raza y la clase para dar forma a escenarios de negociaciones políticas en los cuales las poblaciones de origen africano, en algunas ocasiones, pueden ocupar espacios de predominio.

  7. Entre la Edad Media y el criollismo. La sátira en el primer libro de poesía escrito en el nuevo mundo

    OpenAIRE

    Molina Morales, Guillermo

    2016-01-01

    La poesía satírica refleja los principales conflictos de la Hispanoa mérica colonial. Los críticos literarios destaca n, por su frecuencia y relevancia , dos ámbitos: los conflictos entre criollos y peninsulares, y los ataques contra l as mujeres. Estos dos temas están presentes en las Quinquagenas , de Fernández de Oviedo, primer libro de poesía escrito en Hispanoamérica. En cuanto a la misoginia, las Quinquagenas mu...

  8. Estimación de la Heterosis para Producción de Leche Vendible, Intervalo entre Partos y Duración de la Lactancia en Ganado Cruzado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Montoya S. Camilo

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available En la presente investigación se revisaron 4948 datos referentes a lactancias de vacas en razas B taurus y B indicus, los cuales se obtuvieron entre los años 1986 y 1994 en las Ganaderías La Unión y La K, localizadas en los municipios Plato y Santa Ana en el departamento de Magdalena; San Fernando Pinillos y Magangué en el departamento de Bolívar; y Playones de Sucre y Buenavista en el departamento de Sucre. Para determinar la influencia de los diferentes efectos tanto genéticos como no genéticos sobre las características a estudiar, se utilizó el programa de mínimos cuadrados de Harvey (1988. Los efectos tenidos en cuenta en los modelos para las características leche vendible, días de lactancia e intervalo entre partos fueron: El grupo genético materno, la época y año de parto, número de parto, y hato. Como cavariables se tuvieron en cuenta el peso al destete, la producción de leche duración de la lactancia y el intervalo entre partos según el modelo a estudiar. De los factores 110 genéticos la gran mayoría dieron efecto significativo a los niveles del (P~0.05; no presentaron significancia la época para la duració1l de la lactancia y el grupo genético para el intervalo entre partos; y las covariables intervalo entre partos para la producción de leche y producción de leche en el modelo para el intervalo entre partos. La estimación de la heterosis se hizo una vez realizados los contrastes ortogonales entre los grupos genéticos para las características en las cuales el grupo racial presentó significancia en los ANAVAS. La heterosis obtenida para la producción de leche teniendo como base el promedio de las raza Criolla y el promedio entre el Criollo y el Cebú fue respectivamente: ½ Taurus-1/2 Criollo (17.95% y 22.5%; ½ Taurus - ½ Cebú (9% y 14%; Trihíbrido (7.7% y 11. 7%; ¼ Taurus- ¾ Cebú (5% y 9%; ½ Cebú- ½ Criollo (1.05% y 4.8%; y el ¾ Cebú- ½ Criollo (-7.88% y -4.46%; todas altamente

  9. Memorias y representaciones sobre el criollo del chaco argentino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cristina Dasso

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available In Argentina, the creole population has been appreciated or undervalued according to the dominant national political vision. Border situations and contact between descendants of former Spanish settlers and the indigenous peoples of the Chaco allowed the rise of mutual representations that dominate their discourse up to these days. In this regard, there are paintings belonging to the nineteenth and twentieth century whose data on the creole are relevant to contrast with the aboriginal representation of the specific rural creole settlers of Mision Nueva Pompeya and the places related to this village of the Chaco.

  10. Aislamiento de cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii en un felino doméstico. Reporte de caso

    OpenAIRE

    Zapata Montoya, Marlyn; Galindo Zamora, Vladimir

    2009-01-01

    Se halló evidencia clínica, citológica y serológica de una infección natural con Criptococcus en un felino criollo proveniente de La Mesa, Cundinamarca (Colombia). C. neoformans var. grubii fue aislado del cultivo de secreciones nasales del paciente. Para el tratamiento específico se utilizó fluconazol, que mostró buenos resultados a partir del primer mes de haber iniciado su administración. Clinical, cytologic and serologic evidence of a natural infection with Criptococcus was identified ...

  11. Aislamiento de cryptococcus neoformans var. Crubii en un felino doméstico. Reporte de caso

    OpenAIRE

    Zapata Montoya, Marlyn; Galindo Zamora, Vladimir

    2009-01-01

    Se halló evidencia clínica, citológica y serológica de una infección natural con Criptococcus en un felino criollo proveniente de La Mesa, Cundinamarca (Colombia). C. neoformans var. grubii fue aislado del cultivo de secreciones nasales del paciente. Para el tratamiento específico se utilizó fluconazol, que mostró buenos resultados a partir del primer mes de haber iniciado su administración. Clinical, cytologic and serologic evidence of a natural infection with Criptococcus was identified ...

  12. Cultivo in vitro del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (Fenotipo naranja) proveniente de Costa Rica

    OpenAIRE

    Chacón-Cerdas, Randall; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Flores-Mora, Dora; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Alvarado-Marchena, Luis; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Schmidt-Durán, Alexander; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Alvarado-Ulloa, Carlos; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica

    2014-01-01

    El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) es un frutal de importancia comercial en países como Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, donde se consume como fruta fresca y procesada. Tradicionalmente, es propagado por semillas y estacas, y enfrenta problemas de heterogeneidad y calidad de material de siembra. En esta investigación se desarrolló un protocolo para la micropropagación in vitro del tomate de árbol criollo del fenotipo naranja, proveniente de Costa Rica, el cual presenta potencial para ...

  13. Cultivo in vitro del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (Fenotipo naranja) proveniente de Costa Rica

    OpenAIRE

    Randall Chacón-Cerdas; Dora Flores-Mora; Luis Alvarado-Marchena; Alexander Schmidt-Durán; Carlos Alvarado-Ulloa

    2014-01-01

    El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) es un frutal de importancia comercial en países como Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, donde se consume como fruta fresca y procesada. Tradicionalmente, es propagado por semillas y estacas, y enfrenta problemas de heterogeneidad y calidad de material de siembra.  En esta investigación se desarrolló un protocolo para la micropropagación in vitro del tomate de árbol criollo del fenotipo naranja, proveniente de Costa Rica, el cual presenta potencial p...

  14. Disputas matrimoniales y cambio social en Coyutla, Veracruz (México)

    OpenAIRE

    Chenaut, Victoria

    2003-01-01

    Presentación La multiculturalidad de la Ciudad de México y los Derechos Indígenas Oehmichen, Cristina Conceptos indígenas de la formación territorial y Etno-Político frente al Estado Republicano-Nacional Fischer, Eva Disputas matrimoniales y cambio social en Coyutla, Veracruz (México) Chenaut, Victoria El debate indio sobre la ciudadanía multicultural en México: La revuelta por la dignidad Valladares de la Cruz, Laura Análisis de las actitudes de políticos criollos ...

  15. Los movimientos indígenas de Colombia y los problemas del medió-ambiente

    OpenAIRE

    Espinel Souares, Anastassia

    2003-01-01

    Presentación La multiculturalidad de la Ciudad de México y los Derechos Indígenas Oehmichen, Cristina Conceptos indígenas de la formación territorial y Etno-Político frente al Estado Republicano-Nacional Fischer, Eva Disputas matrimoniales y cambio social en Coyutla, Veracruz (México) Chenaut, Victoria El debate indio sobre la ciudadanía multicultural en México: La revuelta por la dignidad Valladares de la Cruz, Laura Análisis de las actitudes de políticos criollos ...

  16. El debate indio sobre la ciudadanía multicultural en México: La revuelta por la dignidad

    OpenAIRE

    Valladares de la Cruz, Laura R.

    2003-01-01

    Presentación La multiculturalidad de la Ciudad de México y los Derechos Indígenas Oehmichen, Cristina Conceptos indígenas de la formación territorial y Etno-Político frente al Estado Republicano-Nacional Fischer, Eva Disputas matrimoniales y cambio social en Coyutla, Veracruz (México) Chenaut, Victoria El debate indio sobre la ciudadanía multicultural en México: La revuelta por la dignidad Valladares de la Cruz, Laura Análisis de las actitudes de políticos criollos ...

  17. Indices alfabético-temáticos y por años del Boletín Antropológico del Nº 51 al 53

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Lorenzo, Miguel Ángel

    2004-01-01

    Presentación La multiculturalidad de la Ciudad de México y los Derechos Indígenas Oehmichen, Cristina Conceptos indígenas de la formación territorial y Etno-Político frente al Estado Republicano-Nacional Fischer, Eva Disputas matrimoniales y cambio social en Coyutla, Veracruz (México) Chenaut, Victoria El debate indio sobre la ciudadanía multicultural en México: La revuelta por la dignidad Valladares de la Cruz, Laura Análisis de las actitudes de políticos criollos ...

  18. La multiculturalidad de la Ciudad de México y los Derechos Indígenas

    OpenAIRE

    Oehmichen, Cristina

    2003-01-01

    Presentación La multiculturalidad de la Ciudad de México y los Derechos Indígenas Oehmichen, Cristina Conceptos indígenas de la formación territorial y Etno-Político frente al Estado Republicano-Nacional Fischer, Eva Disputas matrimoniales y cambio social en Coyutla, Veracruz (México) Chenaut, Victoria El debate indio sobre la ciudadanía multicultural en México: La revuelta por la dignidad Valladares de la Cruz, Laura Análisis de las actitudes de políticos criollos ...

  19. Conceptos indígenas de la formación territorial y Etno-Político frente al Estado Republicano-Nacional

    OpenAIRE

    Fischer, Eva

    2003-01-01

    Presentación La multiculturalidad de la Ciudad de México y los Derechos Indígenas Oehmichen, Cristina Conceptos indígenas de la formación territorial y Etno-Político frente al Estado Republicano-Nacional Fischer, Eva Disputas matrimoniales y cambio social en Coyutla, Veracruz (México) Chenaut, Victoria El debate indio sobre la ciudadanía multicultural en México: La revuelta por la dignidad Valladares de la Cruz, Laura Análisis de las actitudes de políticos criollos ...

  20. Propagation and conservation of native forest genetic resources of medicinal use by means of in vitro and ex vitro techniques.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharry, Sandra; Adema, Marina; Basiglio Cordal, María A; Villarreal, Blanca; Nikoloff, Noelia; Briones, Valentina; Abedini, Walter

    2011-07-01

    In Argentina, there are numerous native species which are an important source of natural products and which are traditionally used in medicinal applications. Some of these species are going through an intense extraction process in their natural habitat which may affect their genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to establish vegetative propagation systems for three native forestal species of medicinal interest. This will allow the rapid obtainment of plants to preserve the germplasm. This study included the following species which are widely used in folk medicine and its applications: Erythrina crista-galli or "seibo" (astringent, used for its cicatrizant properties and for bronchiolitic problems); Acacia caven or "espinillo" (antirheumatic, digestive, diuretic and with cicatrizant properties) and Salix humboldtiana or "sauce criollo" (antipyretic, sedative, antispasmodic, astringent). The methodology included the micropropagation of seibo, macro and micropropagation of Salix humboldtiana and the somatic embryogenesis of Acacia caven. The protocol for seibo regeneration was adjusted from nodal sections of seedlings which were obtained from seeds germinated in vitro. The macropropagation through rooted cuttings of "sauce criollo" was achieved and complete plants of this same species were obtained through both direct and indirect organogenesis using in vitro cultures. The somatic embryogenesis for Acacia caven was optimized and this led to obtain a high percentage of embryos in different stages of development. We are able to support the conservation of native forest resources of medicinal use by means of vegetative propagation techniques.

  1. Caracterización del sacrificio de corderos de pelo a partir de cruces con razas criollas colombianas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William Albarracín H.

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto genético del cruce de corderos Dorper con razas criollas colombianas, tiempo de ayuno y aturdimiento sobre los rendimientos del sacrificio; niveles de glucosa como medida de estrés y pH como calidad de la canal. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 60 corderos raza Dorper X criollo criados en pastoreo y semi-estabulación con 10 semanas de edad. Se aplicaron 3 tiempos de ayuno (6, 12 y 18 horas y 2 métodos de aturdimiento (electronarcosis y perno cautivo penetrante, evaluando los rendimientos de canal por pesaje de canales; glucosa en muestras antemortem y postmortem. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el efecto combinado de ayuno y sistema de cría influencian los rendimientos de canal y subproductos. A tiempos prolongados de ayuno se aumenta la concentración de glucosa en sangre, aunque el tiempo de ayuno incide sobre el pH último. El efecto del aturdimiento, solo se presenta en el cambio de pH durante 24 horas, siendo un efecto de estimulación eléctrica por parte de la electronarcosis. Los animales de raza Dorper x criollo criados en sistema de pastoreo, presentaron mejores rendimientos en canal, pero menores porcentajes de vísceras blancas y rojas. Conclusiones. El porcentaje medio de rendimiento en canal es similar a los presentados en razas puras Dorper siendo viable y comparable este tipo de cruce.

  2. Imágenes de la patria en el romancero cubano del siglo diecinueve

    OpenAIRE

    Bruno, María Pía

    2015-01-01

    En la primera mitad del siglo diecinueve, los letrados criollos representantes de la Ilustración cubana, alentados por un incipiente sentimiento patriótico proponen embrionarios proyectos culturales y políticos tendientes a pensar la identidad nacional en términos diferenciadores. Aunque Cuba logre la separación de la corona española en 1898, esta verdadera peripecia de la invención de la patria halla un momento de eclosión muy particular hacia 1830 cuando los intereses –muchas veces contradi...

  3. La búsqueda de la voz propia en la lírica loretana a partir de tres hitos sucesivos : los primeros cantores de la Amazonía; Germán Lequerica y el Grupo Urcututu

    OpenAIRE

    Molina Campodónico, Ana María

    2015-01-01

    Aunque el Perú se ha constituido históricamente como un país centralista y criollo, la historia literaria peruana no puede ser entendida como un sistema literario único y homogéneo. Hacerlo trae como consecuencia que las manifestaciones literarias de las provincias del país y de las regiones periféricas (como la Amazonía) se encuentren postergadas o relegadas de la literatura peruana oficial, cuyo centro de difusión cultural es la ciudad de Lima. En este trabajo voy a analizar las manifestac...

  4. al Comienzo del Siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Lizcano Fernández

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available This article is based on the characterization, quantification and geografical distribution of the six ethnic groups in those that the Ibero-American population is divided: Latin or Iberian, Indigenous, Black, Creole, Garífuna and Asian. From this, it is possible to distinguish four types of countries in Iberoamérica (Indo-European, afrocriollo, afromestizo and criollo and the Ibero-American cultural area is confronted with the other cultural areas of the American continent (English and French spoken North America and English and French spoken Caribbean.

  5. Utilización de la leucaena leucocephala como suplemento en cabras en crecimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Clavero, Tyrone; Razz, Rosa

    2009-01-01

    Con el objeto de evaluar el crecimiento de cabras mestizas (Nubian x Criollo) suplementadas con Leucaena leucocephala, se realizó un ensayo en el Occidente de Venezuela en una zona caracterizada como Bosque muy Seco Tropical. Se evaluaron tres raciones: T1 (pastoreo en gramínea-Cenchrus cillaris), T2 (pastoreo en gramínea + 2 h/día en Leucaena), T3 (pastoreo en gramínea + alimento concentrado comercial, 300 g/animal/día). El diseño experimental fue de bloques completamente al azar. El peso de...

  6. Yes… Mexico is a racist country

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Carrales, Juan Carlos Finck

    2017-01-01

    According to recent official statistics, in Mexico there is a relation between people’s privileges and their skin color: The lighter, the more privilege. However, social exclusion by racist practices in Mexico has been common practically since its Spanish conquest between 1519 and 1521, in which...... privileges where absorbed and monopolized by European settlers in Mexico (Spanish people: peninsulares) and their descendants (creole: criollos). As a consequence, currently in Mexico, the color of skin affects people’s economic and political privileges and powers in individual and social levels related...

  7. “Pues para ello les quedaba livertad”. Comercio e interdependencia en las fronteras meridionales del imperio español (segunda mitad del siglo XVIII)

    OpenAIRE

    Alioto, Sebastián Leandro; Jiménez, Juan Francisco

    2010-01-01

    En la historiografía argentina acerca de las relaciones fronterizas en Pampa, Nordpatagonia y Araucanía se ha repetido, abierta o implícitamente, la idea de que los grupos nativos mantuvieron una relación de dependencia económica respecto de los hispano-criollos, de modo que la adquisición de ciertos productos de manos de los españoles se habría tornado imprescindible para su supervivencia. En este trabajo y concentrándonos en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, nos proponemos mostrar que ese n...

  8. Estudios sobre Cacao 1.Incidencia de la "Pasmazón de los Pepinos" en Algunos Cacaos Venezolanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ciferri R.

    1948-12-01

    Full Text Available Se investigó la incidencia de la pudrición de la mazorca del cacao por el Phytophthora palmivora Butler sobre diferentes grupos de variedades de cacao cultivadas en el ambiente subárido de regadío en Ocumare de la Costa, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. Se ha averiguado que la infección sistémica de dichas mazorcas proviene de la infección primaria de los cojines florales, habiéndose estudiado su curso y sus características. Entre otras cosas se notó que, aunque es verdad que el período de mayor susceptibilidad a la infección sistémica es el que corre desde el fin del estado de pepino del fruto (fruto mayor de 9-10 centímetros, o sea de 75 a 90 días de edad y el fin del período de desarrollo del fruto (140 a 150 días a contar desde la fecundación de la flor, puede haber un estado precoz de infección de la mazorca joven, el cual no ocurre nunca antes de los quince días de edad, esto es, en el período de máxima incidencia de la enfermedad fisiológica conocida como "pasmazón de los pepinos". Dicha infección es exclusivamente sistémica y puede afectar hasta las dos quintas partes de los pepinos que cuelgan de cojines infectados. Observóse que el chancro del tallo, que por lo regular sigue a la infección del cojín floral, no es tan dañino como comúnmente se afirma, pero que sus daños económicos se deben a la improductividad producida en el cojín infectado. El Criollo de concha decolorada es más susceptible a la infección por Phytophthora que el de concha morada y el híbrido forastero venezolano el cual, a su vez, parece más susceptible a la infección del cojín floral que los demás grupos de variedades. En un lapso de 10 meses los frutos infectados por medio del cojín floral representan los tres cuartos o cuatro quintos del total. La presencia de pigmento antociánico en la cáscara de la mazorca no madura parece conferir una relativa resistencia a la infección por el Phytophthora; empero, en el Forastero

  9. Reação de híbridos, linhagens e progênies de pimentão à requeima causada por Phytophthora capsici e ao mosaico amarelo causado por Pepper yellow mosaic vírus (PepYMV Reaction of hybrids, lines and progenies of sweet pepper the blight caused by Phytophthora capsici and to Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ildon Rodrigues do Nascimento

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available A requeima do pimentão (Capsicum annuum L. causada por Phytophthora capsici e o mosaico amarelo causado por PepYMV são prioridades nos programas de melhoramento de pimentão em andamento no Brasil. Foram avaliados três híbridos comerciais (Magali R, Atenas F1 e Fortuna Super F1, cinco linhagens, 20 híbridos experimentais e duas progênies F2:4 do programa de melhoramento da Universidade Federal de Lavras/HortiAgro Sementes quanto à reação a P. capsici e a PepYMV. Os experimentos foram montados independentemente em blocos casualizados, com quatro e duas repetições, respectivamente. Cada parcela foi constituída de oito plantas instaladas em bandejas de 128 células, que foram mantidas em estufa com cobertura plástica e laterais teladas. As avaliações foram feitas do 4º ao 14º e do 15º ao 40º dias após a inoculação (DAI para P. capsici e PepYMV, respectivamente. A inoculação com P. capsici foi feita pormeio da distribuição de 5 mL de suspensão com 10(4 zoósporos/mL no solo ao redor do colo de cada planta. A inoculação mecânica de PepYMV foi feita a partir de macerados de folhas de Nicotiana tabacum cv. TNN, previamente infectadas. Os híbridos Magali R e Fortuna Super, foram suscetíveis a P. capsici, enquanto que o acesso Criollo de Morellos 334, a linhagem PIM-013 e as progênies PIX-03 pl#03-2 e PIX-030 pl#06-3 (ambas originadas do cruzamento com Criollo de Morellos, foram resistentes. Reação de resistência a P. capsici foi também observada para os híbridos experimentais que tiveram PIM-013 como uma das linhagens parentais. Criollo de Morellos 334, as progênies PIX-03 pl#03-2 e PIX-030 pl#06-3, o híbrido comercial Magali R e outros 6 híbridos experimentais que tinham como um dos genitores a linhagem MYR-29 forma ressitentes ao PepYMV. As progênies PIX-03 pl#03-2 e PIX-030 pl#06-3 são fontes promissoras de resistência a ambos os patógenos para serem desenvolvidas e exploradas em programas de melhoramento

  10. ANALISIS TEKNIS DAN FINANSIAL AGROINDUSTRI SKALA KECIL PADA BERBAGAI PROSES PEMBUATAN KERIPIK TALAS DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ermayuli Ermayuli

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Taro (Xanthosoma spp. is widely grown in  West Lampung  area.  The average productivity one 40 ton per hectare per year. The best technique to process taro crisp on a small scale in West Lampung regency, based on consumer preference, was Tiga Putra. If  based on the yield, Kelompok Maju Tani was found the best, in addition , the traditional method was found more efficient if compared to semi-modern method. The analysis of financial showed that   small scale talas crisp industry at  West Lampung regency was considered  to be feasible both processed using  traditional and  semi-modern methods.  This was based on the fact that all criteria required  for financial aspects met with positive results NPV, IRR resulting discount factor is greater than the bank discount factor, Pay back period (PP is faster than the set time (10 years, and the Net B / C greater than 1 (one.

  11. Effect of Resin Ducts and Sap Content on Infestation and Development of Immature Stages of Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Four Mango (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) Cultivars.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guillén, Larissa; Adaime, Ricardo; Birke, Andrea; Velázquez, Olinda; Angeles, Guillermo; Ortega, Fernando; Ruíz, Eliel; Aluja, Martín

    2017-04-01

    We determined the influence of resin ducts, sap content, and fruit physicochemical features of four mango cultivars (Criollo, Manila, Ataulfo, and Tommy Atkins) on their susceptibility to the attack of the two most pestiferous fruit fly species infesting mangoes in Mexico: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). We performed three studies: 1) analysis of resin ducts in mango fruit exocarp to determine the density and area occupied by resin ducts in each mango cultivar, 2) assessment of mango physicochemical features including fruit sap content, and 3) a forced infestation trial under field conditions using enclosed fruit-bearing branches to expose mangoes to gravid A. ludens or A. obliqua females. Infestation rates, development time from egg to prepupae and pupae, pupal weight, and percent of adult emergence, were assessed. 'Ataulfo' and 'Tommy Atkins' cultivars exhibited the highest resin duct density and sap content, the lowest infestation rate, and had a negative effect on immature development and pupal weight. In sharp contrast, 'Manila' and 'Criollo' cultivars, with the lowest resin duct density and sap content, were highly susceptible to A. ludens and A. obliqua attack. We conclude that sap content and the number, size, and distribution of resin ducts as well as firmness in mango fruit exocarp are all involved in the resistance of mango to A. ludens and A. obliqua attack. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  12. Especies de Fusarium en granos de maíz recién cosechado y desgranado en el campo en la región de Ciudad Serdán, Puebla Fusarium species from corn kernels recently harvested and shelled in the fields in the Ciudad Serdán Region, Puebla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Genoveva García-Aguirre

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Se analizaron 16 muestras de maíz, 10 de maíz blanco nacional y 6 de maíz criollo blanco para determinar las especies de Fusarium presentes en los granos, en especial aquellas registradas como inductoras de pudriciones de mazorca y grano, principalmente las que producen micotoxinas. Las especies identificadas en orden del número de aislamientos obtenidos fueron: Fusarium oxysporum, F. subglutinans, F. moniliforme, F. graminearum, F. anthophilum, F. poae, F. tricinctum, F. sporotrichioides y F. proliferatum. Con excepción de F. oxysporum, F. tricinctum y F. anthophilum, las demás han sido registradas como inductoras de pudriciones de mazorca, grano y de tallo, y la mayoría son productoras de diversas micotoxinas, algunas de las cuales pueden ocasionar problemas a la salud humana y animal.Sixteen corn samples, 10 of national white corn and 6 of "criollo" white were analyzed to determine the Fusaria species present on the kernels, especially those reported as ear and kernel rot inducers, mainly those mycotoxin producers. The identified species, ordered in relation to the number of obtained isolates were F. oxysporum, F. subglutinans, F. moniliforme, F. graminearum, F. anthophilum, F. poae, F. tricinctum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. proliferatum. The species F. oxysporum, F. tricinctum, and F. anthophilum have not been reported causing ear or kernel rots. All of the others have been reported as ear and kernel rots inducers, as well as stalk rots. Besides, most of these species produce various mycotoxins, many of which are capable of causing health problems to humans and animals.

  13. Rendimiento de semilla y sus componentes en frijol bajo condiciones de acidez y sequía terminal en el sur de Veracruz.

    OpenAIRE

    Morales Rivera, Aurelio

    2014-01-01

    Se estudió la variabilidad en rendimiento de semilla y sus componentes, y producción de biomasa aérea en un grupo de variedades de frijol de color negro, nativas del sur de Veracruz y un grupo del tipo “Flor de Mayo”, introducidas del Altiplano, y la región central de México, en condiciones de acidez edáfica y sequía terminal en el Municipio de Juan Rodríguez Clara, Veracruz, en el ciclo otoño-invierno 2012-13. Se incluyeron ocho variedades comerciales liberadas por el INIFAP, un criollo de M...

  14. Síndrome vestibular por accidente cerebrovascular asociado a hipotiroidismo secundario

    OpenAIRE

    Esparza, Erwin; Rodríguez, Diego; Benavidez, Edwin

    2013-01-01

    El síndrome vestibular es una patología asociada a múltiples causas que afecta a perros de cualquier edad, sexo y raza. El tratamiento y el pronóstico dependerán siempre de la causa primaria y de la localización de la lesión. En este reporte se expone el caso de un paciente canino criollo que fue llevado a la Clínica Veterinaria Dover por presentar inclinación de la cabeza hacia el lado izquierdo, nistagmo horizontal, ataxia y caídas ocasionales hacia el mismo lado. Se realizaron exámenes par...

  15. Evaluation of complete feeds for intensive fattening lambs

    OpenAIRE

    Mendoza Martínez, Germán; Plata Pérez, Fernando; Ramírez Mella, Mónica; Mejía Delgadillo, Mario Alejandro; Lee Rangel, Héctor; Bárcena Gama, Ricardo

    2009-01-01

    Se realizó una evaluación de 4 alimentos comerciales para el engorde intensivo de ovinos en México, con diferentes composiciones de nutrientes. Se determinó la concentración de almidón y se estimaron las fracciones de proteína digestible en intestino (PDI). Se usaron 20 borregos machos criollos x Suffolk, con peso vivo inicial de 25,28 ± 5,7 kg en jaulas metabólicas individuales para evaluar consumo de materia seca (CMS), ganancia de peso (GDP) y conversión (CA), durante 45 días. Los alime...

  16. Hacia Jorge Luis Borges

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Harold Alvarado Tenorio

    1983-01-01

    Full Text Available La literatura, con características peculiares, comienza en hispanoamérica a partir del siglo XVII. Siglo y medio después de iniciada la Conquista, los virreinatos del Perú y México se convirtieron en los máximos centros de influencia económica y cultural de la Colonia. Los indígenas han sido diezmados poco a poco y reducidos al mestizaje. El criollo, puede decirse, hace su aparición con este soneto que establece las diferencias entre el habitante del Nuevo Mundo y el que llega de la península.

  17. Gonzalo García Zorro (1550-1617: el primer músico colombiano

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    Jaime Perea Rodríguez

    1982-01-01

    Full Text Available Gonzalo García Zorro fue un criollo y por tanto su única, lejana posibilidad de surgir se entreveía vinculándose a la iglesia. Desde niño fue palpable la inteligencia de este mestizo de baja estatura, tez cobriza, rostro alunado con pómulos bien definidos y ojos algo rasgados. Por recomendación de su padre, al cura Juan de Castellanos, éste lo hizo su discípulo y lo inició en la lectura y en el conocimiento de la música que embelesó al muchacho.

  18. Post-partum ovarian activity in adult and first-calf dual purpose cows in Guatemala

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ordonez, H.; Gatica, A.; Miranda, J.; Matamoros, R.

    1990-01-01

    Progesterone (P 4 ) levels in skin milk were determined in two groups of dual purpose cows from farms in the Department of Escuintla on the south coast of Guatemala. Fifteen adult cows (crosses of Criollo with Zebu and Brown Swiss) were selected on the first farm and ten first-calf heifers (crosses of Criollo with Zebu and Holstein) on the second; both groups were considered to be representative of dual purpose livestock (milk and meat producers) in the country. To study the resumption of ovarian activity post-partum, milk samples were taken once a week from 10 days after calving until the first natural service; thereafter, sampling continued twice-weekly for 60 more days when the animals were rectally palpated for pregnancy diagnosis. On farm 1, the mean interval from calving to first rise in P 4 levels indicative of ovarian function was 42±16.7 days; all the study cows were at third calving and resumed cyclicity. On farm 2, only 30% of the study heifers resumed cyclicity and these had an interval from calving to first rise in P 4 of 80±28.9 days; all were at first calving. On farm 1, 73% of cows were served during first oestrus, 13% at second oestrus and 13% at the third. On farm 2, only 30% (3/10) of cows were served at first oestrus; the other 70% did not show signs of ovarian activity during the trial period which lasted until day 129 post-partum. Palpation of the cows 60 days post-service showed that all cows had conceived on farm 1 but only 20% on farm 2. (author). 9 refs, 3 figs

  19. Adaptación de Cultivares de Ajo Morado y Blanco (Allium sativum L. en Acatlán, Guerrero, México. Adaptación de Cultivares de Ajo Morado y Blanco (Allium sativum L. en Acatlán, Guerrero, México

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    Efrén Cevallos Ruiz

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available En el estado de Guerrero, México, el ajo se cultiva en la región Centro, en los municipios de Chilapa y Zitlala, donde los productores acostumbran sembrar el genotipo criollo adaptado a las condiciones climáticas de la región. El objetivo fue estudiar la adaptación del cultivo del ajo de los tipos morado y blanco a la región Centro de Guerrero por su rendimiento y calidad, ya sea para el mercado nacional o el de exportación. La investigación se llevó a cabo durante el ciclo otoño-invierno 2000-2001 en la comunidad de Acatlán, municipio de Chilapa de Álvarez, Guerrero. Se evaluaron 13 materiales de ajo, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones; se hizo la separación de medias por medio de la prueba de Tukey P In the state of Guerrero, Mexico, garlic is cultivated in the Central region, at Chilapa and Zitlala municipalities, where the growers cultivate Criollo Regional genotype adapted to the climatic conditions of the region. The object of this investigation was to study the adaptability of the cultivars of the purple and the white garlic in Guerrero’s central region, considering both their yield and quality for the domestic and/or export markets. Research work was conducted during the 2000- 2001 fall-winter cycle, in Acatlan, municipality of Chilapa de Alvarez, Guerrero. Thirteen garlic cultivars were evaluated using completely randomized blocks design, with four repetitions. Mean separation using Tukey test P

  20. 1H NMR study of fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caligiani, Augusta; Acquotti, Domenico; Cirlini, Martina; Palla, Gerardo

    2010-12-08

    This study reports for the first time the metabolic profile of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans using the (1)H NMR technique applied to polar extracts of fermented cocoa beans. The simultaneous detection and quantification of amino acids, polyalcohols, organic acids, sugars, methylxanthines, catechins, and phenols were obtained by assigning the major signals of the spectra for different varieties of cocoa beans (Forastero, Criollo, and Trinitario) from different countries (Ecuador, Ghana, Grenada, and Trinidad). The data set obtained, representative of all classes of soluble compounds of cocoa, was useful to characterize the fermented cocoa beans as a function of the variety and geographic origin.

  1. Degradabilidad ruminal de la planta de maíz forrajero en diferentes edades de crecimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Carlos Boschini; Ana Lorena Amador

    2001-01-01

    El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo con el propósito de conocer la degradabilidad ruminal de la materia seca del forraje de maíz criollo, cultivado en las zonas altas de Costa Rica. El cultivo fue sembrado con 50 kg/ha de semilla, en surcos distanciados 70 cm y 50 cm entre plantas, con tres semillas en cada golpe de siembra. Se fertilizó con 244 kg de la fórmula 10-30-10 (N2, P2O5, K2O) y a las seis semanas se aplicaron 45,5 kg/ha de nitrógeno. El primer muestreo se re...

  2. Food processing methods influence the glycaemic indices of some commonly eaten West Indian carbohydrate-rich foods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bahado-Singh, P S; Wheatley, A O; Ahmad, M H; Morrison, E Y St A; Asemota, H N

    2006-09-01

    Glycaemic index (GI) values for fourteen commonly eaten carbohydrate-rich foods processed by various methods were determined using ten healthy subjects. The foods studied were round leaf yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis), negro and lucea yams (Dioscorea rotundata), white and sweet yams (Dioscorea alata), sweet potato (Solanum tuberosum), Irish potato (Ipomoea batatas), coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), dasheen (Colocasia esculenta), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), green banana (Musa sapientum), and green and ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca). The foods were processed by boiling, frying, baking and roasting where applicable. Pure glucose was used as the standard with a GI value of 100. The results revealed marked differences in GI among the different foods studied ranging from 35 (se 3) to 94 (se 8). The area under the glucose response curve and GI value of some of the roasted and baked foods were significantly higher than foods boiled or fried (P<0.05). The results indicate that foods processed by roasting or baking may result in higher GI. Conversely, boiling of foods may contribute to a lower GI diet.

  3. Adaptación del frijol a suelos de baja fertilidad bajo presión de enfermedades foliares en Costa Rica

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    Rodolfo Araya

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar germoplasma y líneas mejoradas de alta productividad, en suelos de baja fertilidad y bajo presión de antracnosis y mancha angular. Durante 1996 y 1997 se evaluaron fuentes de tolerancia a la baja fertilidad de diversa procedencia geográfica y con resistencia para otros factores bióticos y abióticos. Se caracterizaron 562 genotipos, 251 mejorados y 311 criollos, en dos localidades de Costa Rica: Fraijanes (1750 msnm; 15,3 °C; 3025 mm; 10º09’ Latitud norte y 84°12’ Longitud oeste y Alajuela (840 msnm, 23,1 °C; 1966 mm; 10°01’ Latitud norte y 84° 16’ Longitud oeste. La densidad de siembra fue de 15 semillas por metro lineal y el tamaño de parcela varió con base en la disponibilidad de semilla; a la siembra sólo se adicionó inoculante de Rhizobium tropici al surco de siembra (4 kg/ha. La línea A321, el testigo local UCR 55, A483, G11640; G19696, G10843 y BAC50 mostraron alto rendimiento en las dos localidades. Los genotipos de alto rendimiento en una localidad fueron: en Alajuela: Guanajuato 132, Negro INIFAP, VAX 2, MAR 3 y en Fraijanes G13860, G92, MOC112, Bayo Alteño, J 117; Negro 8025 y A 247. Se identificó germoplasma no mejorado de diferente acervo genético, procedente de México, Perú y Guatemala, con tolerancia a suelos de baja fertilidad. Esto indica la importancia de evaluar material criollo y del intercambio de germoplasma entre países. Los genotipos superiores serán utilizados en el mejoramiento del frijol común para agricultura de bajo uso de insumos

  4. El continuo trato con infieles: los renegados de la región pampeana centro-oriental durante el último tercio del siglo XVIII

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    Daniel Villar

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Se considera el caso de los renegados, un conjunto poco numeroso de criollos, mestizos, negros y mulatos voluntariamente instalados entre los grupos indígenas de la región pampeana centro-oriental. Acogidos con flexibilidad por estos últimos, que los incorporaban a su vida y proyectos, los renegados representaron, en cambio, para la administración colonial la figura del traidor por antonomasia, totalmente volcados a auxiliar a los infieles para lo cual previamente debieron apartarse de dios y abandonar al rey, convirtiéndose en seres irredimibles y peligrosos. Una serie de diacríticos que revelaban su singular condición transcultural contribuyeron a aumentar el grado de exposición al riesgoimplicado por su actividad como espías y baqueanos, y al tiempo que facilitaron su identificación y castigo, les confirieron una visibilidad documental que permite reflexionar sobre el contexto de mixegenación cultural 1 en el que sus presencias cobran sentido.The subject matter is the renegadoes, a small group of criollos, mestizos, black men and mulattoes, voluntarily settled among the indigenous groups of the central-west region of the pampas. Received with flexibility by the latter, who incorporated them into their lives and projects, the renegadoes were seen as absolute traitors by the colonial administration since, after abandoning the Christian god and king, they dedicated themselves to helping the unfaithful becoming irredeemable and dangerous beings. A series of diacritics, that revealed their unique transcultural condition, contributed to increase the risk exposure implied by their activities as spies and scouts (baqueanos, facilitating their identification and punishment and also granting them a documentary visibility that allows us to think about the cultural miscegenation context in which their presence became significant.

  5. Methylxanthine and catechin content of fresh and fermented cocoa beans, dried cocoa beans, and cocoa liquor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro P. Peláez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The theobromine and catechin content can affect the quality of cocoa liquor and is influenced by cacao variety, production area (PA, and fermentation, as well as the method of drying beans (FDB and cocoa liquor production (CLP. This study examined variationsin methylxanthine and catechin levels in fresh and fermented cocoa beans, dried cocoa grains, and in cocoa liquor from Trinitario, Criollo, and Forastero cacao varieties. A total of 123 cocoa bean samples from three Peruvian PAs at different altitudes, Tingo María (TM, San Alejandro (SA, and Curimana (CU, were evaluated. The theobromine (Tb and caffeine (Cf contents in fresh cocoa beans were affected by both cocoa type and PA. The caffeine content was higher in Trinitario cacao than in Criollo and Forastero varieties (p ≤ 0.05. The Tb and CF contents decreased in dry cocoa grain and was affected by FDB (p ≤ 0.05 (1.449 ± 0.004 to 1.140 ± 0.010 and 0.410 ± 0.03 to 0.165 ± 0.02 g Tb and C, respectively, per 100 g dry weight. Cocoa beans from Tingo María, which has thehighest altitude, had higher Tb and CF contents than those from other PAs. The catechin (C and epicatechin (EC contents were affected by the FDB and CLP, and were highestin fresh cocoa beans from the Tingo María area (range: 0.065 ± 0.01 to 0.020 ± 0.00 g C/100 g. The C and EC contents decreased during FDB and CLP (0.001 g C/100 g of cocoa liquor. Taken together, these results show that higher concentrations of Tb, Cf, C,and EC are present in fresh cocoa beans. Moreover, the cocoa variety influenced cocoa liquor quality. Overall, cocoa from the Tingo María PA had the most desirable chemical composition.

  6. Microdureza del esmalte dental en incisivos centrales permanentes de dos genotipos bovinos

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    Jorge Cabrera A

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar la microdureza del esmalte dental de novillos criollos de origen patagónico y cruza índica criados en ambientes diferentes. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron dientes incisivos centrales derechos de novillos adultos: ocho Criollos Patagónicos (GCP y siete Cruzas Índicas (GCI. Para cada diente se definió una transecta central recorriendo el diente desde el borde externo del esmalte hacia la dentina y se midió la dureza en tres profundidades equidistantes: a 30 μ del borde exterior (P1, a 30 μ previos a la conexión amelodentinaria (P3 y P2 equidistante entre P1 y P3. Las mediciones de microdureza se realizaron con un microdurómetro Shimadzu modelo HMV-2 y se expresaron en unidades Vickers. Para el análisis se utilizó un modelo de regresión aleatoria. Se empleó el criterio de información de Akaike para la elección de la estructura de las matrices asociadas a los efectos aleatorios. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el procedimiento PROC MIXED de SAS, y un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados. No se detectó falta de paralelismo entre los grupos (p>0.05, con lo cual se ajustaron rectas de igual pendiente en cada grupo. La dureza media del esmalte disminuyó al aumentar la profundidad de la medición para ambos genotipos. Se observó heterogeneidad en la variabilidad de los grupos. Conclusiones. El GCP presentó mayor dureza pero fue el de mayor variabilidad. Se confirma la disminución de la dureza media con el aumento de la profundidad en el esmalte independientemente del genotipo y el ambiente.

  7. EVALUACIÓN AGRONÓMICA DE TRECE GENOTIPOS DE CAMOTE (Ipomoea batatas L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rolbin Castillo Matamoros

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar desde el punto de vista agronómico, 13 genotipos de camote para su cultivo en Costa Rica. Diez fueron introducidos de la Unidad de Micropropagación de la Universidad Estatal de Carolina del Norte, y cultivados por primera vez en Costa Rica, 2 conocidos como “Exportación y Zanahoriaˮ son de introducción reciente, pero se han cultivado en el país por al menos 5 años y el restante Criollo es el que ocupa actualmente la mayor área de siembra. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit de la Universidad de Costa Rica, ubicada en la provincia de Alajuela. Los tratamientos se dispusieron en el campo en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con 13 genotipos y 4 repeticiones. El análisis de varianza mostró que los genotipos difirieron significativamente (p=0,0001 en todas las variables evaluadas: peso fresco y seco foliar; peso fresco y seco de raíz reservante; número de raíces reservantes; peso de raíz reservante/ planta; contenido de materia seca y rendimiento (t.ha-1. Todos los cultivares evaluados superaron el rendimiento de la variedad Criollo (6 t.ha-1 y el promedio nacional (5 a 7,8 t.ha-1, con rendimientos entre 12 y 48 t.ha-1. Algunos de los cultivares son promisorios para su cultivo en Costa Rica, no solo con base en su rendimiento, sino debido a su color de pulpa, amarilla o anaranjada, asociado a un mayor contenido de carotenos

  8. PRODUCTIVITY OF A SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM UNDER INTENSIVE MIXED SPECIES GRAZING BY CATTLE AND SHEEP

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    Leonor Yalid Manriquez-Mendoza

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available The presence of forage trees in pastures enhances yield and nutritional quality of forage available for animal feeding. We assessed forage yield and nutritional quality, and weight gain of cattle and sheep foraging in a silvopastoral system containing Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. and the grasses Digitaria eriantha Stent (cv. Pangola, Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich. Stapf (cv. Insurgentes and Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq. B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs (cv. Tanzania, during three seasons (windy, dry and rainy in two grazing treatments: 1 mixed species grazing by four to five Criollo Lechero Tropical heifers and six female Pelibuey lambs, and 2 simple species grazing by 12 female Pelibuey lambs. Weight gain was greater (P

  9. Caracterización fisicoquímica de almidones de tubérculos cultivados en Yucatán, México Caracterização físico-química de amidos de tubérculos cultivados em Yucatán, México

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    Marilyn Hernández-Medina

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó la evaluación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y funcionales de almidones de tubérculos: makal (Xanthosoma yucatanensis, camote (Ipomea batata, yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz y sagú (Marantha arundinacea. El tamaño promedio de los gránulos de almidón varió de 10,6 a 16,5 µm. La amilosa fue de 23,6, 19,6, 17,0 y 22,7%, para el makal, camote, yuca y sagú. Las temperaturas de gelatinización fueron de 78,4, 61,3, 65,2 y 74,9 °C, respectivamente. El almidón de yuca fue el que presentó mayor poder de hinchamiento y solubilidad. La viscosidad máxima fue para el almidón de yuca. El almidón de camote presentó la mayor claridad de gel (51,8% y el de makal, la menor (10,9%. El almidón de yuca fue el más elástico (36,2%. Los almidones de makal y de sagú pueden ser utilizados en productos que requieren altas temperaturas de procesamiento. Los almidones de camote y de yuca pueden ser incluidos en sistemas alimenticios como espesantes, estabilizantes y gelificantes en alimentos refrigerados y congelados.Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas e funcionais de amidos dos seguintes tubérculos: makal (Xanthosoma yucatanensis, batata-doce (Ipomea batata, mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz e araruta (Marantha arundinacea. O tamanho médio dos grânulos de amido variou de 10,6 a 16,5 µm. A amilose foi de 23,6, 19,6, 17,0 e 22,7%, para makal, batata-doce, mandioca e araruta. As temperaturas de gelatinização foram de 78,4, 61,3, 65,2 e 74,9 °C, respectivamente. O amido de mandioca foi o que apresentou maior poder de inchamento e solubilidade. A viscosidade máxima foi para o amido de mandioca. O amido de batata-doce apresentou a maior claridade de gel (51,8% e o amido de makal, a menor (10,9%. O amido de mandioca foi o mais elástico (36,2%. Os amidos de makal e de araruta podem ser utilizados em produtos que requerem altas temperaturas de processamento. Os amidos de batata-doce e de mandioca podem ser incluídos em

  10. El estereotipo del “gallego” en el género chico criollo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Guidotti

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Las producciones teatrales breves surgidas entre 1890 y 1940 forman parte del sistema denominado “género chico criollo”, que presenta particularidades en cuanto a temáticas, personajes, espacios representados y conflictos que lo diferencian del “teatro por secciones o teatro por horas” español. En el Río de la Plata, estas piezas denominadas genéricamente “sainetes” fueron compuestas por destacados dramaturgos de ambas orillas, para un público mayoritariamente inmigrante, con la finalidad de brindarle un entretenimiento acorde con su horizonte de expectativas y favorecer el entendimiento de una cultura y un país desconocidos. La numerosa colectividad gallega radicada en el ámbito rioplatense, cuya impronta y aportes impactaron en la comunidad receptora en un momento estructuralmente significante para la consolidación de la identidad argentina, tuvo destacada presencia en los sainetes; en ellos es posible rastrear una imagen estereotípica de doble valencia: aspectos negativos –fuerza ‘bruta’, avaricia, incultura, terquedad y mal humor– y aspectos positivos –lealtad, honradez, bondad, generosidad, responsabilidad para con los deberes familiares y laboriosidad–. El presente trabajo analiza las representaciones del colectivo gallego en lo referido a la transmisión de valores, la conservación de raíces culturales, principios éticos y el deseo de ascenso social.

  11. La inmigración europea y el sainete criollo en la Argentina

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    Arturo Laguado

    1967-07-01

    Full Text Available El cuadro era casi siempre el mismo: un conventillo", es decir la gran casa de inquilinato adonde llegaba sobrenadando todo cuanto arrastraba la gran corriente inmigratona. El conventillo ya tenía una historia, que se iniciaba mucho antes de finalizar el siglo con la llegada al puerto de Buenos Aires de los primeros barcos repletos de europeos en pos del oro, y debía fascinar. desde el comienzo, la imaginacion de los saineteros, cuando estos se lanzaron en busca de temas para representar la profusa y pintoresca vida de su ciudad. Durante cerca de 40 años exploraron esa mina de conflictos y de "tipos raros" que venían de afuera, o que se formaban "por contacto" entre los elementos de ultramar y los de adentro.

  12. Lealtad en el exilio: afiliaciones concéntricas y enunciación hispanista en la Historia antigua de México (1780 de Francisco Javier Clavijero (1731-1787

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    Fernando J. Silva Guerrero

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This article presents an analysis of the identity links as enunciated in the Historia antigua de México (1780, written by the Novohispano Jesuit Francisco Javier Clavijero (1731-1787. Facing the degrading European theses which, during the mid-18th century, had tried to justify the inferiority of the population of the Americas, Clavijero built his defense for the people of the valley of Anahuac not only from a strictly criollo and Americanist position, but also from a Hispanic one, born from a sense of belonging to an imperial reality and a Catholic intellectual tradition. Triggered by the Enlightenment’s attacks toward Catolicism and Hispanice culture, Clavijero strengthened his identification with the Spanish imperial reality in order to build his defense.

  13. La muerte del cirujano. Ansiedades coloniales e identidades colectivas en Cuenca, 1739

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    Raúl Hernández Asensio

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El artículo analiza las tensiones que enfrentaban a criollos y europeos en la Audiencia de Quito en el siglo XVIII, a través del caso de la muerte del cirujano Jean de Sénierges en la ciudad de Cuenca, durante la expedición geodésica a la región. El análisis de los relatos tejidos en torno al deceso del médico de la expedición muestra la progresiva consolidación de identidades políticas diferenciadas en la Colonia. Pone en evidencia, además, la importancia de analizar los motines urbanos como herramientas de acción colectiva, en las que se cristalizan estas identidades.

  14. Beristain, Godoy, and the Virgin of Guadalupe. A Confrontation for Public Space in Mexico City in the Late Eighteenth Century

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    Gabriel Torres Puga

    2002-07-01

    Full Text Available During the festivities of the virgin of Guadalupe in 1795, a group of criollos garnished a balcony in Mexico City in order to discredit the cathedral's canon, Mariano  Beristain.  The reason for this quarrel was the recent homage paid by Beristain to Spain's ministers' chief, Manuel  Godoy, who had been  accused of insulting religion and devotion to the virgin. The complaints filed with the Inquisition against  Beristain  afford the  possibility of observing some of informal channels of expression at a time when there was a tightening of the control over the press. Moreover, these complaints illustrate the fierce dispute over control of public opinion in Mexico City at the end of the eighteenth century.

  15. Tuber storage proteins.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shewry, Peter R

    2003-06-01

    A wide range of plants are grown for their edible tubers, but five species together account for almost 90 % of the total world production. These are potato (Solanum tuberosum), cassava (Manihot esculenta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus), yams (Dioscorea spp.) and taro (Colocasia, Cyrtosperma and Xanthosoma spp.). All of these, except cassava, contain groups of storage proteins, but these differ in the biological properties and evolutionary relationships. Thus, patatin from potato exhibits activity as an acylhydrolase and esterase, sporamin from sweet potato is an inhibitor of trypsin, and dioscorin from yam is a carbonic anhydrase. Both sporamin and dioscorin also exhibit antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Taro differs from the other three crops in that it contains two major types of storage protein: a trypsin inhibitor related to sporamin and a mannose-binding lectin. These characteristics indicate that tuber storage proteins have evolved independently in different species, which contrasts with the highly conserved families of storage proteins present in seeds. Furthermore, all exhibit biological activities which could contribute to resistance to pests, pathogens or abiotic stresses, indicating that they may have dual roles in the tubers.

  16. La misión pentecostal escandinava en el Chaco argentino: Etapa formativa: 1914 - 1945 Scandinavian pentecostal mission in the Argentine Chaco: First stage: 1914-1945

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    César Ceriani Cernadas

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo propone una etnografía histórica sobre la misión pentecostal escandinava entre los aborígenes del Chaco Argentino durante su período formativo. Fue el misionero noruego Berger Johnsen (1888-1945 quien se instaló en el pueblo de Embarcación (provincia de Salta en 1914 con el objetivo de organizar una base misionera para el trabajo evangélico. La indagación pretende sumar conocimiento sobre esta corriente olvidada en los estudios sobre evangelización protestante en la región chaqueña tomando en cuenta cuatro ejes: 1. los valores, el imaginario y las prácticas del misionero nórdico; 2. la recepción aborigen del mensaje pentecostal, observada en los dirigentes y la memoria de los habitantes; 3. la coyuntura regional, religiosa, política y económica, que enmarcó estructuralmente el emprendimiento; 4. la realidad cultural sui generis de la misión de Embarcación, conformada por diversos grupos étnicos del corazón chaqueño y establecida en un naciente pueblo criollo.This paper proposes an historical ethnography of the Scandinavian Pentecostal mission among the aboriginal people of the Argentinean Chaco focusing on its former period. In 1914 a Norwegian missionary, Berger Johnsen (1888-1945, established a Pentecostal base in Embarcación (Province of Salta in order to embrace evangelical work. This study tries to add knowledge to this neglected trend in the studies about Protestant evangelism in the Chaco region. This will be done taking into account four topics: 1. the values, representations and practices of the Nordic missionary; 2. the aboriginal appropriation of the Pentecostal message; 3. the regional context, in terms of religion, politics and economy, framing the missionary enterprise; 4. the sui generis cultural reality of Embarcación mission, characterized by the presence of different ethnic groups from the central Chaco and a novel criollo town.

  17. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA MORFOLOGÍA FLORAL DE DOS CULTIVARES DE BERENJENA (Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae FLORAL MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO CULTIVARS OF EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae

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    Hermes Araméndiz Tatis

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available La berenjena es una especie perteneciente al género Solanum, de gran importancia en la horticultura del Caribe colombiano. El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la morfología floral de dos cultivares de berenjena “Long Purple” y “Criolla Lila”, que tienen origen geográfico diferente, utilizando para ello, una muestra aleatoria de 100 cojines florales por cultivar. Se estimaron la media, rango, varianza, desviación estándar, coeficiente de variación y se aplicó la prueba t, para determinar diferencias entre los dos cultivares. Los resultados indicaron que el cultivar “Long Purple”, presenta flores distílicas, en tanto que en el “Criollo Lila” se observó la presencia de tristilia. El potencial de producción de frutos, fue del 76,5% y 57,52%, para el “Criollo Lila” y “Long Purple”, respectivamente. Las flores brevistílicas en ambos cultivares, incrementan la aptitud masculina y por ende un desbalance entre las flores con funcionamiento masculino y hermafrodita.The eggplant is a specie of genus Solanum, of great importance in horticulture of colombian Caribbean region. The objective of study was to describe the floral morphology of two cultivars of eggplant “Long Purple” and “Lilac land race”, which have different geographic origin. We used a random sample of 100 floral cushions for cultivar. The mean, range, variance, standard deviation, variation coefficient were estimated. The t-test was applied to determine differences between two cultivars. The results indicated that genotype ‘Long Purple’, showed distylics flowers, while in the “Lilac land race” was observed the presence of tristylics flowers. The potential for production of fruit was 76.50% and 57.52% for the “Lilac land race” and “Long Purple”, respectively. Brevistylics flowers in the two cultivars, increased male fitness and thus produced a nonbalance on functioning between male and hermaphrodite flowers.

  18. Entre Túpac Amaru II y la Junta de Gobierno del Cusco: la Conspiración de Aguilar y Ubalde de 1805

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    John Fisher

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza el significado de la conspiración de 1805 de Gabriel Aguilar y José Manuel de Ubalde, la cual apuntaba a coronar un miembro de la elite indígena del Cusco como Emperador Inca de un Perú independiente. Aunque la conspiración falló, proporcionó un vínculo importante entre la insurgencia indígena generalizada de inicios de 1780’s, iniciada por José Gabreil Tupac Amaru, y el movimiento independista de base más amplia de 184-1815, el cual buscó unir a los criollos y a los habitantes indígenas del sur de Perú en un intento por un Perú independiente, con Cusco como su capital

  19. Subsistence hunting for turtles in Northwestern Ecuador

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carr, John L; Almendariz, Ana; Simmons, John E; Nielsen, Mark T

    2014-01-01

    We describe the subsistence exploitation of an entire turtle fauna in Esmerald's Province, Ecuador. We collected first hand accounts and witnessed a number of capture techniques used by rural afroecuadorian and chachi inhabitants of the Cayapas Santiago River basin. The diversity of techniques indicated a practical knowledge of the ecology of the species. Chelydra acutirostris, Kinosternon leucostomum, Rhinoclemmys annulata, Melanosterna, and R. nasuta were captured and eaten. Poziando involved cleaning pools in a stream bed during the relatively dry season by removing live plants, organic detritus, and then seining with baskets; we observed R. melanosterna and K. leucostomum captured in this way. Pitfall traps baited with fruit were used to catch R. melanosterna during forays on land. Basket traps (Canasto tortuguero) with a wooden slat funnel across the opening are floated with balsa lashed to the sides. Banana or Xanthosoma leaf bait in the basket traps caught R. melanosterna, R. nasuta, and K. leucostomum. Marshy areas were probed for R. melanosterna and K. leucostomum. Direct capture by hand was also common. Turtles were relished as food items; all turtles captured were consumed, usually in soup or stew. Use of turtles for food in the region was pervasive, perhaps because fish and game populations were depleted.

  20. Prevention of the bad dry of the malanga by treatment of natural, biological origin

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    Michel Chamizo Nicao

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available One of the most important causes of the decrease of yields in taro crops (Xanthosoma spp. isthe roots rot caused by soil fungi (Bad dry which it’s propagated by the agamic seed used as propagules. One of the most important measures to prevent it is the use of “in vitro” plants free of fungi. In this research was studied the incorporation of several natural and biological products in the plots employed to acclimatize the “invitro” plants. Were evaluated: Trichoderma harzianum, Chitosan, and lobster shell ( Panulirus argus (Latreilleand as control Mancozeb. The taro cultivars employed were Blanca INIVIT and Blanca Venegas, considerate as intermediated and susceptible respectively. Each plot was inoculated with propagules of Sclerotium rolsfii (Sacc.. In order to infer the action mechanism was conducted susceptible tests under “in vitro” conditions. The results showed that the most susceptible cultivar was Blanca Venegas. All treatments decrease the incidence of dry rot, among these. T. harzianum produced the highest effect, antagonist capacity and antagonist effect type. The Chitosan and the lobster shell do not showed antifungal direct effect and probably act for stimulation of the protein synthesis related with the pathogenesis or structural barrier of defense in natural conditions.

  1. The effect of the addition of sorbitol and glycerol towards the edible film characteristics of the belitung taro starch and the lime leaves as antimicrobial

    Science.gov (United States)

    Asria, Merry; Elizarni, Samah, dan Selfa Dewati

    2015-12-01

    Plastics have been generally used for food packaging, but plastics using causing environmental problem for as non biodegradable. Resolving the problem need another alternative packaging that environmental friendly such as the edible film as biodegradable packing material. This research intend to determination the effects of sorbitol and glycerol (concentration of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) as addition to the edible film characteristics from the belitung taro starch (Xanthosoma sagitifolium). Lime leaves (Citrus aurantifolia) extract used as an antimicrobial film (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% respectively). From the research obtained that using sorbitol has given more rigid and hard film texture, while glycerol provides more elastic and flexible texture. Sorbitol give best performance at 2% where thickness 0.17 mm; tensile strength 41.60 MPa; yield strength 34.28 MPa; modulus of elasticity 7983.71 MPa; and maximum strain 29,8%. While, glycerol (2%) provides thickness 0.18 mm; tensile strength 35.72 MPa; yield strength 30.78 MPa; modulus of elasticity 9065.90 MPa; and maximum strain 14.4% for best performance. SEM and FTIR analysis applied to determine film surface morphology's characterization and determine the functional groups of the film materials. The addition of lime leaves extract as antimicrobial gives the growth inhibition activity against the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

  2. La prensa y la divulgación del conocimiento ilustrado en el virreinato de Nueva España en el Siglo XVIII

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    Antonio E. de Pedro

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se plantea como tema central, el papel que desempeño, por la prensa durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, en el espacio colonial americano, específicamente en Nueva España. Y como constituyó un instrumento esencial para la divulgación de los conocimientos científicos tanto desde el continente europeo, como desde la propia tradición colonial americana. Asimismo, se destaca el papel de los criollos como José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez al frente de publicaciones que se preocuparon por el atraso en que se encontraban sus territorios, contribuyendo con sus artículos y ensayos a la educación no formal de las elites criollas y a su concientización como precursoras de una identidad nacional.

  3. Los cambios socio-económicos y el medio ambiente: Cuba. Primera mitad del siglo XIX

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    Opatrný, Josef

    1996-08-01

    Full Text Available The explosive development of Cuba´s sugar industry in the 1 st half of the 19th century had a profound effect on the environment. First among the white creoles' concerns was the rapid deforestation. Many of them, however, also objected to the industry's growth on the grounds that it was causing a substantial increase of the black population on the island.

    El gran desarrollo de la industria azucarera en Cuba en la primera mitad del siglo XIX influyó de forma decisiva en el medio ambiente. La demanda acuciante de madera y de mano de obra esclava para los ingenios pasaron a ser el tema de preocupación entre algunos criollos de la élite. Ambos problemas aparecen unidos en sus peticiones para frenar la deforestación.

  4. FRONTERAS DIFUSAS Y ACTORES SOCIALES MESTIZOS: DEBATES CONCEPTUALES Y DESARROLLOS ANALÍTICOS EN TORNO A LOS ESPACIOS DE FRONTERA Y SUS VINCULACIONES CON LOS INDIOS-BLANCOS EN LA REGIÓN DEL CHACO DURANTE LA SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XIX

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    Julio César Spota

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available En la frontera establecida entre el Estado argentino y las distintas parcialidades aborígenes de la región del Chaco durante la segunda parte del siglo XIX, se configuraron identidades étnicas mestizas que escapaban a la simple esquematización de blancos e indios, civilizados y salvajes. La praxis histórica de los actores sociales como los indios-blancos (soldados desertores, criminales fugitivos de la ley, perseguidos y refugiados políticos y comerciantes que fueron incorporados dentro de los grupos indígenas proporciona un espacio privilegiado de reflexión antropológica poco explorado hasta el momento. En el presente artículo nos proponemos determinar las causas históricas que motivaron la migración de los criollos y recuperar la perspectiva de los actores sociales que protagonizaron los hechos estudiados.

  5. OTRA CIVILIZACIÓN DE LA MIEL: UTILIZACIÓN DE MIEL EN GRUPOS INDÍGENAS GUAYCURÚES A PARTIR DE LA EVIDENCIA DE FUENTES JESUITAS (Siglo XVIII

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    María Celeste Medrano

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Los grupos guaycurúes que habitaban la región del Gran Chaco durante el siglo XVIII realizaban un extenso aprovechamiento de mieles procedentes de abejas nativas sin aguijón (Tribu Meliponini. Estas prácticas fueron extensamente documentadas por los jesuitas que misionaron en el área. El presente trabajo se basa en el análisis de las evidencias obtenidas en estas fuentes y datos etnográficos actuales relacionados al aprovechamiento de miel. El objetivo es examinar los usos y saberes tradicionales e identificar las especies de meliponas mencionadas en dichas fuentes a partir de la colecta de ejemplares y los discursos de indígenas y criollos elaborados sobre las mismas aportando a un corpus que incluya la diversidad de conocimientos existentes en la zona sobre estas prácticas.

  6. ANÁLISIS DE CRECIMIENTO Y RENDIMIENTO DE MAÍZ EN CLIMA CÁLIDO EN FUNCIÓN DEL GENOTIPO, BIOFERTILIZANTE Y NITRÓGENO

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    Cid Aguilar Carpio

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Para reducir el costo de producción en maíz y conservar el ambiente es necesario sustituir o complementar la fertilización química con biofertilizantes. Sin embargo, en maíz con biofertilizantes no se han encontrado efectos en crecimiento y rendimiento de grano. Por lo que, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la producción de materia seca, tasa de asimilación neta, tasa de crecimiento del cultivo y rendimiento de grano de maíz mejorado y criollo en siembra temprana bajo riego, en función del nitrógeno y biofertilizante aplicado. El estudio se estableció en Iguala, Gro., el 23 de enero del 2011; bajo condiciones de riego se sembró el maíz criollo raza “Vandeño” y el híbrido H 562, los tratamientos consistieron en la inoculación a la semilla del biofertilizante y la aplicación de 0, 80 y 160 kg N ha-1. Para evaluar el crecimiento del cultivo, se contabilizó el número de hojas y el área foliar. Con estos datos se calcularon las tasas medias de crecimiento del cultivo ¯TCC y asimilación neta ¯TAN. A la madurez fisiológica se evaluó la materia seca total (MS y rendimiento de grano (RG. En Vandeño el uso de biofertilizante y 160 kg N ha-1 incrementó la MS durante el desarrollo del cultivo, pero no fue significativo para el RG. En cuanto al índice y duración de área foliar, el más alto fue con 80 y 160 kg N ha-1, lo que ocasionó la mayor , pero no así en la . En relación a H-562, la más alta producción de materia seca total y rendimiento de grano fue con 160 kg N ha-1, asimismo se incrementó el índice y duración de área foliar, que generó la más alta tasa de crecimiento del cultivo y asimilación neta.

  7. INFLUENCIA DE LA VARIEDAD Y ALTURA DE COSECHA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y VALOR NUTRITIVO DE MAÍZ PARA ENSILAJE

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    Jorge Alberto Elizondo-Salazar

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó el rendimiento y calidad de 2 cultivares de maíz, de la misma edad, ambos cosechados a 2 diferentes alturas de corte, en la Estación Experimental "Alfredo Volio Mata", Universidad de Costa Rica. Se empleó maíz criollo forrajero y maíz híbrido. Ambos cultivares se cosecharon a los 107 días. Se empleó un diseño irrestrictamente al azar, con tratamientos en arreglo factorial 2x2. El primer factor, 2 cultivares de maíz y el segundo 2 alturas de corte (15 y 45 cm sobre el nivel del suelo. Con el maíz criollo cosechado a 15 cm de altura se obtuvo rendimientos de 131,9 ton de forraje verde y 15,2 ton.ha-1 de biomasa seca, mientras que cuando se cosechó a 45 cm de altura los rendimientos fueron de 88,1 y 10,4 ton.ha-1, respectivamente. Con respecto al maíz híbrido, cuando se cosechó a 15 cm de altura los rendimientos fueron de 82,6 ton de forraje verde y 11,0 ton.ha-1 de biomasa seca, mientras que cuando se cosechó a 45 cm de altura los rendimientos fueron de 76,2 y 10,4 ton.ha-1, respectivamente. La relación hoja-tallo, tanto en forraje verde como en seco y sin importar la altura de corte, fue siempre mayor para el cultivar híbrido. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la concentración de materia seca de la planta entera, que osciló entre 11,64 y 13,68% para ambos cultivares y ambas alturas de corte. El contenido de PC y FDN no mostró variación al considerar las hojas o tallos de los cultivares a las diferentes alturas, ni al considerar la planta entera. Estos resultados sugieren que incrementar la altura de corte, de 15 a 45 cm sobre el nivel del suelo, no incrementa significativamente la calidad nutricional del forraje de maíz para ensilaje.

  8. La reconstrucción de un pasado lingüístico através de la narrativa presente: lengua, historia e identidad en El Nacimiento de los Negros

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    José Esteban Hernandez

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available El Nacimiento de los Negros, el asentamiento más importante de los negrosmascogos, se encuentra dentro de los límites municipales de Músquiz, Coahuila,México. La lengua original y mayoritaria de la comunidad era hasta hace algunasdécadas el afroseminol, una lengua emparentada al criollo de base inglesa queaún se habla en el sureste de los Estados Unidos. En el siguiente trabajo trazola historia sociolingüística de la comunidad, basándome en las referenciashistóricas disponibles en la memoria colectiva y en la evidencia histórica conque cuenta la comunidad misma. Concilio dos fuentes que nos proporcionarándatos y pruebas que nos permitirán delinear la trayectoria lingüística del grupo.Utilizo los aspectos de la historia escrita que me son disponibles y que se centranen los principales acontecimientos que han experimentado los mascogoscomo grupo en el área fronteriza. Incorporo también el análisis de narrativasrecogidas en entrevistas sociolingüísticas que se hicieron entre informantes deedad ya muy avanzada en la comunidad que asumen una identidad mascoga porser descendientes directos de padre o madre de origen afroseminol. El análisisseñala que el desplazamiento lingüístico, como resultado del contacto culturalen Nacimiento de los Negros, inició la integración de los negros mascogos ala cultura nacional. Sin embargo, el contexto sociohistórico marcó la pautadel proceso de aculturación. En el presente trabajo ofrezco datos testimonialesque apoyan las cuatro fases sociohistóricas, que arguyo, influyeron en dichoproceso: 1 la etapa de arrendamiento militar y persecución, 2 la etapa detransición y neutralidad, 3 la etapa de fuerte integración a la cultura nacionaly 4 la etapa de integración y dependencia económica. Las etapas se distinguenentre sí por el mantenimiento del criollo de base inglesa en la primera fase, elinicio de la desplazamiento en las siguientes y el desplazamiento casi total enla última.

  9. Improvement of Taro (Colocasia esculenta var esculenta) through In Vitro Mutagenesis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seetohul, S; Maunkee, V; Gungadurdoss, M [Agricultural Research and Extension Unit of FARC, Quatre-Bornes (Mauritius)

    2009-07-01

    An in vitro mutation programme was implemented to improve taro (Colocasia esculenta (L). schott) for resistance to the fungus Phytophthora colocasiae. Apical shoot tips used as explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) with varying concentrations of Indole-3- acetic acid, Thidiazuron (1-Phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea (TDZ) and N6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Optimal culture initiation and multiplication was obtained on MS supplemented with 10 mgL-1 of IAA and 0.9 mgL-1 TDZ/BA at 20 mgL-1, respectively. Explants were exposed to various doses of gamma radiation and the effective mutation dose that causes 30% reduction in growth (LD30) was found to be 7.65 grays. Nine accessions of colocasia species (dasheen and eddoes type) and two from Xanthosoma species were used for morphological and molecular characterization. 44 morphological characters were assessed and analysed with an unweighed pair group method using an arithmetic average (UPGMA). For RAPD analysis, eight 10-mer random primers were selected as they amplified more than five polymorphic bands. UPGMA cluster analysis using Nei and Li's distance coefficient were then performed. Both morphological and molecular analysis revealed low genetic diversity among germplasm accessions. RAPD primers screened will be useful for characterization of mutant lines showing resistance to leaf blight while the micropropagation methodology developed will be useful for rapid multiplication of mutants. (author)

  10. Jesuit Neo-Scholasticism and "Criollo" Consciousness in Sor Juana's "El martir del sacramento, San Hermenegildo"

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patterson, Charles

    2013-01-01

    Much of the limited scholarship dedicated to Sor Juana's "autos sacramentales" tends to separate them from the "loas" that were meant to introduce them. Critics often exalt the "loas" for the sympathy that they express for indigenous beliefs, while neglecting the "autos" or viewing them as masterful…

  11. Use of a UAV-mounted video camera to assess feeding behavior of Raramuri Criollo cows

    Science.gov (United States)

    Interest in use of unmanned aerial vehicles in science has increased in recent years. It is predicted that they will be a preferred remote sensing platform for applications that inform sustainable rangeland management in the future. The objective of this study was to determine whether UAV video moni...

  12. Discovery and mapping of a new expressed sequence tag-single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat panel for large-scale genetic studies and breeding of Theobroma cacao L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allegre, Mathilde; Argout, Xavier; Boccara, Michel; Fouet, Olivier; Roguet, Yolande; Bérard, Aurélie; Thévenin, Jean Marc; Chauveau, Aurélie; Rivallan, Ronan; Clement, Didier; Courtois, Brigitte; Gramacho, Karina; Boland-Augé, Anne; Tahi, Mathias; Umaharan, Pathmanathan; Brunel, Dominique; Lanaud, Claire

    2012-01-01

    Theobroma cacao is an economically important tree of several tropical countries. Its genetic improvement is essential to provide protection against major diseases and improve chocolate quality. We discovered and mapped new expressed sequence tag-single nucleotide polymorphism (EST-SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and constructed a high-density genetic map. By screening 149 650 ESTs, 5246 SNPs were detected in silico, of which 1536 corresponded to genes with a putative function, while 851 had a clear polymorphic pattern across a collection of genetic resources. In addition, 409 new SSR markers were detected on the Criollo genome. Lastly, 681 new EST-SNPs and 163 new SSRs were added to the pre-existing 418 co-dominant markers to construct a large consensus genetic map. This high-density map and the set of new genetic markers identified in this study are a milestone in cocoa genomics and for marker-assisted breeding. The data are available at http://tropgenedb.cirad.fr. PMID:22210604

  13. CaDMR1 Cosegregates with QTL Pc5.1 for Resistance to Phytophthora capsici in Pepper (Capsicum annuum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William Z. Rehrig

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available A major problem for the pepper ( industry is the root rot disease caused by (, to which all commercial varieties suffer yield losses despite good management practices and available landraces with high levels of resistance. A high-density map with 3887 markers was generated in a set of recombinant inbred lines (RIL derived from the highly resistant accession Criollo de Morelos-334 and Early Jalapeño. These lines have been systematically screened for resistance against a set of isolates collected from Mexico, New Mexico, New Jersey, California, Michigan and Tennessee. Quantitative trait loci (QTL associated with effective resistance across isolates have been identified and validated with SNP markers across additional segregating populations. By leveraging transcriptomic and genomic information, we describe , a homoserine kinase (HSK, as a candidate gene responsible for the major QTL on chromosome P5 for resistance to . SNP markers for the resistant allele were validated to facilitate gene pyramiding schemes for recurrent selection in pepper.

  14. Honey-Based Mixtures Used in Home Medicine by Nonindigenous Population of Misiones, Argentina

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    Monika Kujawska

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Honey-based mixtures used in home medicine by nonindigenous population of Misiones, Argentina. Medicinal mixtures are an underinvestigated issue in ethnomedical literature concerning Misiones, one of the most bioculturally diverse province of Argentina. The new culturally sensitive politics of the Provincial Health System is a response to cultural practices based on the medicinal use of plant and animal products in the home medicine of the local population. Honey-based medicinal formulas were investigated through interviews with 39 farmers of mixed cultural (Criollos and Polish origins in northern Misiones. Fifty plant species and 8 animal products are employed in honey-based medicines. Plants are the most dominant and variable elements of mixtures. Most of the mixtures are food medicines. The role of honey in more than 90% of formulas is perceived as therapeutic. The ecological distribution of taxa and the cultural aspects of mixtures are discussed, particularly the European and American influences that have shaped the character of multispecies medicinal recipes.

  15. La Representación del Otro en las elites intelectuales europeas y latinoamericanas: Un siglo de pensamiento racialista 1830-1930

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    Marta Elena Casaús Arzú

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo general de éste artículo es analizar – durante cien años, a partir de las Independencias aproximadamente 1830 – las profundas imbricaciones entre el positivismo y el liberalismo, en las elites europeas y latinoamericanas, en relación a los indígenas y a los africanos en la América ibérica. Nos centraremos en aquellos debates que se producían por parte de las elites intelectuales europeas y americanas en donde se debatía acerca del ‘problema racial del indio y del negro’. Para ello haremos un breve repaso de las teorías raciales europeas que surgen a raíz del darwinismo social, la eugenesia y el degeneracionsmo y su influencia en las elites intelectuales americanas en la construcción de las nuevas naciones, haciendo referencia a las diferentes imaginarios que se buscan para integrar, asimilar o fusionar a los indígenas y a los africanos al proyecto de nación homogénea. Haremos énfasis en aquellos tópicos que elaboran las élites intelectuales para imaginar al Otro y que inciden no solo en la construcción de su propia identidad socio-racial, como blancos, criollos, mestizos, mulatos o ladinos sino también de su identidad regional como hispano/latinoamericanos. English: This article covers one hundred years, starting with the years of independence approximately 1830. Its main purpose is to analyse the profound interdependency of positivism and liberalism within the European and Latin American elites in relation to the indigenous peoples and Africans in Iberoamerica. The article focuses on the debates where the intellectual European and American elites discussed ‘the Indian and Negro racial problem’. A short review is made of the European racial theories that emerged from social Darwinism – eugeneism (racial hygiene and degenerationism – and their influences on the American intellectual elites in the construction of new nations. References are made to the different imaginaries that were used to integrate

  16. Atherogenic potentials of some Nigerian meals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eyong, E U; Umoh, I B; Ogu, T I; Edet, E E; Eteng, M U; Igiri, A O

    2007-01-01

    The atherogenic potentials of peeled grated cocoyam (Xanthosoma maffafa scot) "ekpang nkukwo", pounded yam (Discorea spp) with plain soup "afia efere", and plantain porridge (Musa paradisiaca) "iwuk ukom" meals were investigated. The three meals were fed to three different groups of albino rats of Wistar strain for a period of twenty eight days. A fourth group which served as control was feed with normal rat pellet. The mean total plasma cholesterol level in the pounded yam with plain soup fed group was significantly lower [P < 0.05] when compared to the control and peeled grated cocoyam fed groups. The mean total plasma triglyceride (MTPTG) level in the pounded yam with plain soup fed group was significantly lower [P < 0.05] when compared to the control group. However the MTPTG level in the peeled grated cocoyam and plantain porridge fed groups were comparable to control. The mean HDL-cholesterol level in the peeled grated cocoyam and plantain fed groups were comparable control. The mean LDL-cholesterol level in the peeled grated cocoyam and plantain porridge fed groups was significantly lower [P < 0.05] than the control group. The LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol in the pounded yam with plain soup fed group was significantly lower [P < 0.05] when compared to control. These findings suggest low atherogenic potentials of the pounded yam with plain soup meal compared to the peeled grated cocoyam and plantain porridge meals.

  17. Improvement of taro (Colocasia esculenta var esculenta) through in-vitro mutagenesis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seetohul, S; Maunkee, V; Gungadurdoss, M. [Agricultural Research and Extension Unit of FARC, Quatre-Bornes (Mauritius)], E-mail: areucrop@intnet.mu

    2008-07-01

    An in-vitro mutation breeding program was implemented to improve taro (Colocasia esculenta (L). schott) for resistance to the fungus Phytophthora colocasiae. Apical shoot tips used as explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) supplemented with varying concentrations of Indole-3- acetic acid, Thidiazuron (1-Phenyl-3-(1,2,3- thiadiazol-5-yl) urea (TDZ) and N6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Optimal culture initiation and multiplication was obtained on MS supplemented with 10 1mgL{sup -1}of IAA and 0.9 1mgL{sup -1}TDZ/BA at 20 1mgL{sup -1}respectively. Explants were exposed to various doses of Gamma radiation and effective mutation dose that causes 30% reduction in growth (LD{sub 30}) was found to 7.65 grays. 9 accessions of colocasia species (dasheen and eddoes type) and 2 from xanthosoma species were used for morphological and molecular characterization. 44 morphological characters were assessed and analysed with an unweighted pair group method using an arithmetic average (UPGMA). For RAPD analysis, eight 10 mer random primers were selected as they amplified more than 5 polymorphic bands. UPGMA cluster analysis using Nei and Li' distance coefficient were then performed. Both morphological and molecular analysis revealed low genetic diversity among germplasm accessions. Rapid primers screened will be useful for characterization of mutant line showing resistance to leaf blight and the micropropagation methodology developed will be useful for rapid multiplication of mutants. (author)

  18. Detección del virus de la leucosis bovina en ganado criollo colombiano mediante PCR-anidado

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    Darwin Yovanny Hernández-Herrera

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la presencia del virus de la leucosis bovina (VLB en 360 muestras de ADN de ocho razas bovinas criollas: Blanco Orejinegro (BON, Casanareño (CAS, Costeño con Cuernos (CCC, Chino Santandereano (ChS, Caqueteño (CQT, Hartón del Valle (HV, Romosinuano (RS y San Martinero (SM, dos Razas Sintéticas Colombianas: Lucerna (LUC y Velásquez (VEL y dos razas foráneas: Brahmán (B y Holstein (H. Para la detección del pro-virus se amplificó una región del gen env viral, mediante PCR anidada. La presencia del VLB fue mayor en la raza HV seguido por ChS (83.3% y 60% respectivamente, VEL y LUC tuvieron el mismo porcentaje (50%, en CAS, CCC y CQT la presencia del virus fue de 26.7%, 23.3% y 16.7% respectivamente; no se encontró el virus en BON, SM y RS. En las razas foráneas la presencia fue de 83.3% para H y 6.7% para B. Se encontró dependencia altamente significativa entre la presencia del VLB y la raza, el sexo y región de origen de la muestra. El promedio de presencia en las razas criollas fue menor que en las foráneas, menor en los machos que en las hembras y en la región norte que en el suroccidente y el centro del país.

  19. CARACTERIZACIÓN MOLECULAR Y GERMINACIÓN DE SEMILLAS DE MAÍCES CRIOLLOS AZULES CON ENVEJECIMIENTO ACELERADO

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    Dagoberto Dur\\u00E1n-Hern\\u00E1ndez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del envejecimie nto acelerado en semillas de varie dades criollas de maíz azul. En los laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, semillas de cuatro varie dades criollas de maíz azul (Cuijingo, Cocotitlán, Puebla y Oaxaca, se sometie ron a dos tip os de envejecimie nto acelerado: calor húmedo (41°C, 72 horas y 100% h. r. y calor seco (60°C, 48 horas. Se evaluaron: protrusión radicular de 0 a 72 horas de imbibición y, a los sie te días de incubación a 25°C, plántulas normales, anormales y semillas muertas. Se obtuvo la caracterización molecular de los tratamie ntos mediante la RA PD y se construyeron los dendogramas respectivos. En plántulas normales provenie ntes de semillas sin envejecimie nto acelerado, las varie dades Oaxaca y Puebla fueron significativamente superiores. El peso seco en las plántulas disminuyó con el deterioro, sie ndo exigua con calor seco. La presencia de plántulas anormales se incrementó con ambos tip os de deterioro en el orden: Oaxaca, Puebla, Cocotitlán y Cuijingo. La diferenciación de los perfiles de bandeo entre semillas testigo y deterioradas ocurrió con la secuencia: Oaxaca (31,6%, Cocotitlán (25,8%, Puebla (19,6% y Cuijingo (18,6%. Estos valores de similitud, a los cuales se ramificaron los perfiles genómicos, se asociaron de manera inversa con el nivel de vigor de las semillas, y directamente con la presencia de anormalidades en las plántulas obtenidas.

  20. Hoof balance in Criollo horses utilized for roping in northern of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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    Stéfano Leite Dau

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available O casco é um importante componente do aparelho locomotor dos equinos e sua má conformação pode acarretar uma série de patologias. O presente trabalho avaliou o equilíbrio podal externo e interno dos cascos dos membros torácicos de 58 equinos (34 machos e 24 fêmeas com idade média de 6,5 anos (variando entre 2,5 a 15 anos, da raça Crioula utilizados em provas de laço no norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram determinadas o comprimento médio de pinça, ângulo do casco comprimento de talão lateral e medial, ângulo palmar da terceira falange (P3, espessura da sola e distância média do ponto de quebra (DBO. Os valores mé- dios obtidos foram: comprimento médio de pinça de 9,21 ± 0,93 cm, ângulo do casco de 51,8 ± 3,5º, comprimento de talão lateral de 4,94 ± 1,5 cm medial de 4,95 ± 1,5 cm, ângulo da P3 4,95º ± 2,46 espessura de sola de 22,0 ± 5,98 mm e DBO de 33, 6 ± 7,48 mm. Os problemas de equilíbrio mais encontrados foram pinças longas (89,7%, DBO longo (67,2%, talões escorridos (48,3%, sola rasa (33,3%, assimetria entre o ângulo dos cascos contralaterais (27,6% e desequilíbrio médio-lateral (15,5%.

  1. Hoof balance in Criollo horses utilized for roping in northern of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    OpenAIRE

    Stéfano Leite Dau; Mirela Noro; Natalia Pretto; Luiz Gustavo Alves; Leonardo Porto Alves

    2015-01-01

    O casco é um importante componente do aparelho locomotor dos equinos e sua má conformação pode acarretar uma série de patologias. O presente trabalho avaliou o equilíbrio podal externo e interno dos cascos dos membros torácicos de 58 equinos (34 machos e 24 fêmeas) com idade média de 6,5 anos (variando entre 2,5 a 15 anos), da raça Crioula utilizados em provas de laço no norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram determinadas o comprimento médio de pinça, ângulo do casco comprimento de talão lateral e...

  2. In vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of some plants from a biological reserve in Costa Rica

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    Misael Chinchilla

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Treatment with the usual antimalarial drugs, have induced parasite resistance, reinforcing the need to finding natural antimalarial components that would be found on plants from the forest. Therefore, we decided to look for these components in Costa Rican plants from a protected forest area. Fresh and dry extracts of roots, bark, leaves, flowers and fruits of 25 plants from a biological reserve in Costa Rica, Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB, were studied in vitro for the presence of substances with antimalarial activity. By studying the inhibition of P. berghei schizogony, we assessed the antimalarial activity of several plant extracts: Aphelandra aurantiaca, A. tridentata (Acanthaceae; Xanthosoma undipes (Araceae; Iriartea deltoidea (Arecaceae; Neurolaena lobata (Asteraceae; Senna papillosa, Pterocarpus hayessi, Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus (Fabaceae; Nectandra membranacea, Persea povedae, Cinamomum chavarrianum (Lauraceae; Hampea appendiculata (Malvaceae; Ruagea glabra, Guarea glabra (Meliaceae; Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae; Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae; Piper friedrichsthalii (Piperaceae; Clematis dioica (Ranunculaceae; Prunus annularis (Rosaceae; Siparuna thecaphora (Siparunaceae; Solanum arboreum, Witheringia solanácea (Solanaceae; Ticodendrum incognitum (Ticodendraceae; Heliocarpus appendiculatus (Tiliaceae and Myriocarpa longipes (Urticaceae. We used different parts of the plants as well as fresh and dried extracts for testing IC50. The solid content of the extracts ranged from 1-71.9μg/mL. The fresh extracts showed stronger activity than the dry ones. Since the plants showing the strongest antimalarial activity are very common in Central America, and some similar genera of these plants have shown positives results in South America, we considered important to present these findings for discussion. On the other hand, this is the first systematic study of this kind ever realized in a circumscribed and protected area of

  3. De héroes, naciones milenarias y guerras fratricidas. Tres mitos fundacionales en tres relatos historiográficos de la nación mexicana

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    Oscar Javier Linares Londoño

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available La interpretación canónica de la independencia de México explica los hechos que van de 1810 a 1821 como la emancipación de la nación mexicana, pueblo milenario que remonta su identidad nacional a los mexicas, habitantes del Valle de México, antes de la llegada de los españoles. Por trescientos años el pueblo fue oprimido bajo el yugo español, y logra su independencia gracias al movimiento nacionalista de sus héroes. Esta interpretación construida por los relatos historiográficos del siglo XIX, está basada en loque llamaré los mitos fundacionales de la nación: el mito de la nación milenaria, el mito de loshéroes y el mito de la pugna irreconciliable entre criollos y españoles. La historiografía decimonónica difundirá estos mitos con la firme intención de legitimar el movimiento independentista y de dotar de un relato homogéneo a la naciente nación.

  4. SEASONAL VARIATION IN OVULATORY ACTIVITY OF NUBIAN, ALPINE AND NUBIAN X CREOLE DOES UNDER TROPICAL PHOTOPERIOD (22° N

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    Jorge Urrutia Morales

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available In the present study, seasonal variation in ovulatory activity of Nubian, Alpine and Criollox Nubian goats in the semiarid region of central-northern Mexico (22° 14’ N was examined. The study was conducted under natural photoperiod and climate conditions during a whole year. Eight female goats per breed were grouped separately and exposed to visual, olfactory and audible signals of bucks. Blood samples were obtained twice per week and serum progesterone concentrations were determined. All goats presented a clear pattern of seasonal ovulatory activity based on serum progesterone profiles. Length of the ovulatory activity period did not differ between genotypes (P >0.10, and had an average duration of 4.3 months. Nevertheless Criollo x Nubian goats presented greater individual variation in dates of onset and end as well as length of this period (P <0.05. Results indicate that female goats of genotypes which differ in latitude of origin, express a similar restricted pattern of seasonal ovulatory activity when subjected to small annual changes in phtoperiod, adequate nutrition and incomplete socio-sexual stimulus.

  5. Evangelization and Westernization in the Southern Border of the Kingdom of Chile. The Franciscans of the Colegio de Misiones de Chillán [Mission School of Chillán], XVIII c.

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    Cristián Eduardo Leal Pino

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available This article aims at studying the participation of the Mission School of Chillán in the spiritual conquest of the indigenous communities of the sourthern border of the Kingdom of Chile towards the end of the Colony. Its purpose is to analyze the role accomplished by Seraphic friars in this time and place. Archival sources examined were mission reports, royal orders, travel diaries, letters, certifications and account books in the National Archive of Santiago de Chile. This information enabled us to determine the role played by the Santa Barbara hospice and the School of Naturals in the strategies of evangelization and westernization of indigenous communities. The hypothesis proposed is that until the second half of the XVIII century, in the sourthern border of the Kingdom of Chile, the missionaries of the School of Chillán developed not only a spiritual, but also a political role. Even though this role did not harvest the expected results for the Spanish Crown, it succeeded in generating spaces of communication between the hispanic-criollo authorities and indigenous groups at the border.

  6. Circulación, difusión y masificación. El futbol en Rosario (Argentina 1900-1940

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    Diego P. Roldán

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available El artículo se focaliza en los procesos de apropiación, desplazamiento y conflicto en la trayectoria del fútbol desde su introducción como una práctica selecta y británica hasta su masificación e integración al imaginario nacional. A través de las repercusiones de partidos internacionales, se reconstruyen las ligaduras que el fútbol rosarino estableció con las narraciones del deporte nacional y el estilo criollo. Asimismo, se exploran las condiciones para la profesionalización del fútbol a comienzos de la década de 1930 y las sensibilidades activadas durante ese proceso. La última parte del trabajo está dedicada a indagar en torno a las modalidades que adquirió el fútbol como espectáculo masivo, donde resulta central la formación de la figura del aficionado, las relaciones sociales mantenidas en los estadios y el vínculo del fútbol con el mercado del entretenimiento y el tiempo libre.

  7. Contenido de ácidos grasos en carne de cuy

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    César Iván Flores-Mancheno

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la composición de ácidos grasos en carne de cuy. El trabajo se desarrolló en la ciudad de Riobamba (Ecuador, y las líneas de cuyes utilizadas fueron tres: Criolla, Andina y Peruana mejorada. Se realizó análisis de varianza para las diferencias, comparación de medias según Duncan (p < 0.05. El contenido total de ácidos grasos saturados en la carne de este roedor no registró diferencias estadísticas entre las líneas estudiadas, ya que presentaron valores de 37,11, 37,01 y 36,71%, para cuyes Criollo, Andino y Peruano mejorado, respectivamente; igualmente, el contenido de ácidos monoinsaturados tampoco registró diferencias estadísticas entre las tres líneas, pues se reportaron niveles de 30,49, 29,26 y 31,44%, ni los niveles de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, que fueron de 13,30, 11,04 y 14,22%.

  8. Ligas Agrarias en Chaco y Corrientes. Experiencias de organización campesina en contextos de transformación territorial

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    Analía Percíncula

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La última dictadura militar arrasó con los procesos organizativos de todo el país, a la vez que introdujo las bases del modelo de acumulación neoliberal. En el nordeste argentino esto implicó, entre otras cosas, la represión y desarticulación de las Ligas Agrarias Chaqueñas y de las Ligas Agrarias Correntinas, organizaciones que en ambos casos representaron las reivindicaciones de los sectores rurales subalternos. Paralelamente, se produjo el desmantelamiento de las producciones de algodón en el Chaco y de tabaco criollo en Corrientes, las cuales estaban en manos de productores directos, quienes se habían organizado en sus respectivas Ligas Agrarias.En este trabajo proponemos un acercamiento, en clave comparativa, a las transformaciones de la estructura agropecuaria que caracterizó a ambas provincias hasta la década del 70 y los actores colectivos conformados a partir de dicha red de relaciones socioeconómicas y políticas, es decir, las Ligas Agrarias Chaqueñas y Correntinas.

  9. La esperanza de vida en la ciudad de México (siglos XVI al XIX

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    Lourdes Márquez Morfín

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Se contrastan los diferentes escenarios demográficos construidos a partir del análisis de varias series osteológicas procedentes de la ciudad de México cuya temporalidad corresponde a los siglos xvii al xix, conformada por criollos, mestizos e indígenas; y otra procedente de un área rural fechada en el siglo xvi, en Xochimilco, de composición eminentemente indígena. La técnica paleodemográfica permite obtener perfiles demográficos específicos para cada serie que se comparan y discuten con la información histórica disponible para la ciudad de México. Los resultados de las series urbanas y la rural, describen poblaciones con bajas esperanzas de vida, escasa sobrevivencia hacia las edades adultas y una alta mortalidad infantil producto de las condiciones sanitarias, de la pobreza y de la violencia, teniendo como telón de fondo grandes cambios sociales y económicos, además de crisis demográficas epidémicas y hambre.

  10. Caracterización y prevalencia de las enfermedades orales en el caballo criollo, departamento de Caldas, Colombia

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    Jorge Mario Cruz Amaya

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo es caracterizar y estimar la prevalencia de las enfermedades orales en el equino de trabajo del departamento de Caldas, Colombia. Se registraron las variables presencia o no de enfermedad en la cavidad oral, condición corporal (CC, edad, sexo, especie (mular o caballar y tipo de alimentación. Para analizar la información se crearon cuatro grupos de edad: joven, adulto, maduro, viejo. Se conformaron tres grupos de CC: pobre o delgados (1-2-3, saludable (4-5-6 y obesos (7-8-9, y se observaron tres grupos de alimentación: tipo 1, forraje; tipo 2, forraje + alimento concentrado, y tipo 3, forraje + derivados de la fabricación de panela (cachaza. Todos los análisis se efectuaron usando el programa SAS. La prevalencia para cada enfermedad se calculó mediante ji-cuadrado (χ2. El efecto de los grupos de edad, CC y alimentación sobre las distintas enfermedades orales se evaluó mediante análisis de varianza (Anova. El nivel de significancia se fijó en p < 0,05. La prevalencia de enfermedad oral hallada fue del 76,5% (n = 400. Se diagnosticaron 32 anormalidades orales diferentes. La CC y la edad tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre la probabilidad de asociarse con afección oral (p < 0,01. El efecto del tipo de alimentación sobre la probabilidad de enfermedad oral fue significativo (p = 0,04, mientras los efectos de sexo y especie no lo fueron. Los equinos estudiados no habían recibido tratamiento odontológico previamente, siendo este un importante campo de acción para los profesionales de dicha región.

  11. Derechos públicos y comercio privado: un itinerario criollo en el Atlántico del siglo XIX

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    Rebecca J. Scott

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Tracing the history of a family across three generations, from enslavement in eighteenth-century West Africa through emancipation during the Haitian Revolution and subsequent resettlement in New Orleans, then France, then Belgium, can shed light on phenomena that are Atlantic in scope. Together, the experiences of the Vincent/ Tinchant family illuminate an Atlantic and Caribbean rights-consciousness that crossed the usual boundaries of language and citizenship. Uncovering these experiences suggests the value of combining the close focus displayed in Sidney Mintz's Worker in the Cane with the Atlantic approach of his later Sweetness and Power.

  12. Phosphite effect on hot and sweet pepper reaction to Phytophthora capsici Efeito do fosfito na reação de pimentão e pimenteira a Phytophthora capsici

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    Fernando Cesar Sala

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available Phosphite has been recommended to enhance plant resistance against Phytophthora. This work evaluated the response of hot and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. to Phytophthora capsici from juvenile up to the adult stage following treatment with phosphite. Sweet pepper hybrids considered to be resistant to P. capsici, like Reinger, Nathalie and Athenas, were evaluated. The susceptible checks were hybrid Magali R and cvs. Myr 10 and Ikeda. Hot pepper Criollo de Morelos 328, CM 334, BGH 3756, BGH 5122, CNPH 294 and Locorte were used as referential resistant lines. Phosphite did not have an effect on the hot pepper resistant lines because of their genetic homozygozity, while no protection was observed for the Athenas hybrid claimed to be resistant. Heterozygous hybrids recognized as resistant, like Reinger and Nathalie, showed higher survival following phosphite treatment, and their reaction was equivalent to the resistant cvs. CM 328 and CM 334, except for the fruiting stage. Depending of the hybrid heterozygous genotype, phosphite possibly acts through indirect phytoalexin induction through the inhibited pathogen.Fosfito tem sido recomendado para aumentar o sistema de resistência de plantas atacadas por fitopatógenos. Este trabalho avaliou a ação do fosfito nas reações de pimentão e pimenteiras (Capsicum annuum L. a Phytophthora capsici na fase juvenil até a fase adulta, tratadas com fosfito. Os híbridos de pimentão considerados resistentes a P. capsici foram Reinger, Nathalie e Athenas, enquanto que o híbrido Magali R e as cvs. Myr 10 e Ikeda constituíram as referenciais suscetíveis. As linhagens de pimenta Criollo de Morelos 328, CM 334, BGH 3756, BGH 5122, CNPH 294 e Locorte, foram usadas como padrão referencial de resistência ao patógeno. O fosfito não afetou a reação das linhagens resistentes devido sua homozigosidade genética. Não houve ação protetora do fosfito nos hospedeiros suscetíveis, inclusive no híbrido Athenas

  13. Teatro Indio Precolombino. El Bailete del Güegüence o Macho Ratón

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    Patricia Henríquez Puentes

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available El Bailete del Güegüence o Macho Ratón es una obra de teatro cuyos orígenes se remontan a la cultural náhuatl del siglo XVI aproximadamente. Es también un discurso del período colonial que ha llegado hasta el siglo XX, gracias al trabajo de apropiación y revitalización hecha por recuperadores del siglo XVI que, en un momento determinado de sus historias literarias, lo incorporaron a la estructura cultural que dominaba en su época. El Bailete del Güegüence o Macho Ratón pone en escena una crítica a la administración colonial a través de unos personajes, acción, expresión e intención farsesca y satírica. La crítica de El Bailete del Güegüence o Macho Ratón apunta a una sociedad en la cual sus gobernantes hacen 'uso y abuso de su autoridad'. Al parecer, el carácter farsesco y satírico de la obra impidió la aplicación de la censura. A diferencia de los Entremeses, el Bailete del Güegüence o Macho Ratón incorpora como personaje principal a un ingenioso nativo, tal vez criollo, que propone como forma de resistir al poder de la autoridad colonial, la estrategia de "hacerse el sordo", la burla, los equívocos discursivos y, en general, la vida festiva.   "Bailete de Güegüence" or "Macho Ratón" is a play whose origins date back to its Náhuatle culture of the I 6'h Century, approximately. It is also a colonial period discourse come to the XX Century through the work of appropiation and revitalization undertaken by experts in the I61h Century, which, at a determinate moment in their literary histories, incorporated it to the cultural structure deminating in their own epoch. This play stages a criticisim of colonial administration through ome characters, dramatic action, expression, and farcical and satírical slant. The criticicim in the play points to a society in which its governors make use and abuse of their authority. The satirical and farcical character of this work seems to have prevented the application of

  14. Desarrollo de una metodología in vitro para estimar la tasa de fermentación de los forrajes en el intestino grueso del cerdo

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    Leterme Pascal

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available La metodología para estimar la tasa de fermentación de los forrajes se desarrolló en dos etapas. La primera, de digestibilidad enzimática, simula la digestión ocurrida en el estómago e intestino delgado, mediante el empleo de pepsina y pancreatina; en esta se determina la digestibilidad de la materia seca. La segunda etapa de fermentación simula la fermentación que ocurre en el intestino grueso utilizando como inóculo heces de cerdo; en esta se determina la cantidad de gas producido durante la fermentación de los forrajes y la degradación de la fibra detergente neutra (FDN. Las dos etapas presentaron buena repetibilidad en el tiempo. Abstract Develop of an in vitro methodology to determine the forages fermentation in to the large intestine. The methodology was developing in two phases. The first phase (enzymatic digestibility simulates the digestion occurred in the stomach and small intestine, by means of the employment of pepsin and pancreatin; and the digestibility of the dry matter is determined. The second phase (in vitro fermentation simulates the fermentation that occurs in the large intestine utilizing pig faeces; the quantity of gas produced during the fermentation of the feedstuff is determined and determine the degradation of neutral detergent fiber (NDF. All the phases show a good repeatability throw the time. Key words: digestibility in vitro, pigs, fermentación, forages (Azolla filiculoides, Xanthosoma saggitifolium, Morus alba, Trichanthera gigantea y Salvinia molesta.

  15. Atando cabos... El jesuita de la Provincia Mexicana que logró escapar de la expulsión de 1767 se refugió en El Nayarit

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    Jesús Jáuregui

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El decreto de extrañamiento de la Compañía de Jesús constituyó una de las maniobras políticas más complicadas y trascendentes de la Corona española. De hecho, señaló el principio de la desintegración del imperio español, pues provocó una conmoción que impactó por igual a los criollos, las castas y los indios de la Nueva España. Ese primer movimiento nacional a la postre desembocaría en la Independencia americana. La expulsión de los jesuitas en 1767 tuvo características especiales para su ejecución en las misiones de la Provincia Mexicana, en especial en las de la región de Sonora y Sinaloa. Un testimonio recogido aproximadamente en 1863 hace referencia a un jesuita refugiado en las serranías de El Nayarit, visto durante la guerra de Independencia en 1811. El análisis de los documentos de Temporalidades y la obra del historiador jesuítico Gerard Decorme S. J. permiten suponer algunos datos de su identidad.

  16. Genetic improvement of sesame by induced mutations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1988-07-01

    Full text: This project started in 1983 with assistance by IAEA at the Agricultural Department of Zulia University and with co-operation of FONALI. The main objective was the development of mutants with early ripening, between 85 and 95 days, which are drought and disease resistant. During experimentation in Portuguesa and Oriente, with materials produced under this project researchers identified about 20 mutants that show promise in terms of high yield, earliness and disease resistance. Among them are two mutants of the Piritu variety, P-10-7412 (early), and P-10-7412 (medium); four mutants of Criollo Falcon, CF 6-N3H494, CF 53-8874, CF 35-9306 and CF 25-9382, and a Venezuela 44 mutant, III-8408. They exhibit early flowering at 35-45 days, are resistant to the problematic leaf diseases Cylindrosporium and Cercospora, are resistant to Macrophomina, are drought tolerant and possibly also virus resistant. These new potential varieties coincide in ripening time, have a good appearance, and show little or no branching, good root development and a good average yield of at least 1000 kg/ha, with a potential of 1500-2000 kg/ha. (author)

  17. Genetic improvement of sesame by induced mutations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1988-01-01

    Full text: This project started in 1983 with assistance by IAEA at the Agricultural Department of Zulia University and with co-operation of FONALI. The main objective was the development of mutants with early ripening, between 85 and 95 days, which are drought and disease resistant. During experimentation in Portuguesa and Oriente, with materials produced under this project researchers identified about 20 mutants that show promise in terms of high yield, earliness and disease resistance. Among them are two mutants of the Piritu variety, P-10-7412 (early), and P-10-7412 (medium); four mutants of Criollo Falcon, CF 6-N3H494, CF 53-8874, CF 35-9306 and CF 25-9382, and a Venezuela 44 mutant, III-8408. They exhibit early flowering at 35-45 days, are resistant to the problematic leaf diseases (Cylindrosporium and Cercospora, are resistant to Macrophomina, are drought tolerant and possibly also virus resistant. These new potential varieties coincide in ripening time, have a good appearance, and show little or no branching, good root development and a good average yield of at least 1000 kg/ha, with a potential of 1500-2000 kg/ha. (author)

  18. Vínculos mestizos: Historias de amor y parentesco en la campaña de Buenos Aires en el siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Bjerg

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo aborda los vínculos que gestaron un universo de mestizaje biológico y cultural en la frontera de Buenos Aires durante el siglo XIX. Tiene por objeto realizar una indagación del mestizaje observado, por un lado, desde las mujeres indias y sus relaciones sexuales y amorosas con hombres hispano-criollos, y por otro, desde el parentesco simbólico. Este abordaje de la familia y el parentesco pretende iluminar desde un ángulo diferente las relaciones entre infieles y cristianos, que hasta ahora han sido analizadas a través del comercio, los tratados y la violencia expresada en malones o en intervención de fuerza militar hispano-criolla en territorio indio.This paper studies sexual and marital practices of Indian women and Hispanic/ Creole men in the frontier of Buenos Aires in the 19th century. It explores the creation of a Métis culture through the analysis of family, kinship and god-parenthood ties seeking to illuminate from a different angle the relationship between heathens and Christians which has been mostly studied from the standpoint of commerce, treaties and war.

  19. ¿Entre Roma y Madrid?: la reforma regalista y el Sínodo de Charcas (1771-1773

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    Luque Alcaide, Elisa

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available En el contexto de las diversas interpretaciones historiográficas sobre la reforma eclesiástica americana del siglo XVIII, el artículo apunta la existencia de una corriente reformista autóctona. El Sínodo de Charcas (1771-1773 fue una iniciativa americana: lo convocó un obispo criollo antes de recibir el Tomo regio de Carlos III que pondría en marcha los concilios provinciales regalistas en América. El trabajo indaga las directrices reformistas del Sínodo en los decretos sobre párrocos y doctrineros. El estudio de la fuentes de esos decretos pone de relieve la recepción de los escritos de Benedicto XIV que, desde Roma, impulsó durante su pontificado (1740-1758 un movimiento de renovación cristiana. Los datos recogidos llevan a sostener que en el siglo XVIII existieron en América dos proyectos de reforma eclesiástica: uno regalista fraguado en Madrid y otro eclesial autóctono, en sintonía con las iniciativas de Roma y en continuidad con los concilios americanos de los siglos XVI y XVII.

  20. QTL mapping of fruit rot resistance to the plant pathogen Phytophthora capsici in a recombinant inbred line Capsicum annuum population.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Naegele, R P; Ashrafi, H; Hill, T A; Chin-Wo, S Reyes; Van Deynze, A E; Hausbeck, M K

    2014-05-01

    Phytophthora capsici is an important pepper (Capsicum annuum) pathogen causing fruit and root rot, and foliar blight in field and greenhouse production. Previously, an F6 recombinant inbred line population was evaluated for fruit rot susceptibility. Continuous variation among lines and partial and isolate-specific resistance were found. In this study, Phytophthora fruit rot resistance was mapped in the same F6 population between Criollo del Morelos 334 (CM334), a landrace from Mexico, and 'Early Jalapeno' using a high-density genetic map. Isolate-specific resistance was mapped independently in 63 of the lines evaluated and the two parents. Heritability of the resistance for each isolate at 3 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi) was high (h(2) = 0.63 to 0.68 and 0.74 to 0.83, respectively). Significant additive and epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for resistance to isolates OP97 and 13709 (3 and 5 dpi) and 12889 (3 dpi only). Mapping of fruit traits showed potential linkage with few disease resistance QTL. The partial fruit rot resistance from CM334 suggests that this may not be an ideal source for fruit rot resistance in pepper.

  1. EFECTO DE LA CENTRIFUGACIÓN SOBRE LA INTEGRIDAD Y LA FUNCIONALIDAD DE ESPERMATOZOIDES EQUINOS

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    GIOVANNI RESTREPO-BETANCUR

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la centrifugación sobre la integridad y la funcionalidad de espermatozoides equinos. Empleando el método de la vagina artificial se colectó el semen de diez reproductores equinos de la raza criollo colombiano, ubicados en El Valle de Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia. Cada muestra de semen fue dividida en cuatro alícuotas, entre las cuales, tres fueron centrifugadas de forma separada a tres fuerzas de centrifugación (600 x g, 1200 x g y 1800 x g, durante 10 minutos a temperatura ambiente, mientras la cuarta no fue centrifugada (tratamiento control. Posteriormente, se evaluó la movilidad total y movilidad progresiva mediante un sistema analizador de clase (SCA®, al igual que se evaluaron el potencial de membrana mitocondrial, la vitalidad espermática y la integridad del acrosoma, mediante los ensayos fluorescentes JC1, SYBR/IP y FITC/PNA, respectivamente. Se concluye que incluso bajos niveles de fuerza de centrifugación, logran alterar la movilidad total, la movilidad progresiva, la integridad del acrosoma y el potencial de la membrana interna mitocondrial de los espermatozoides equinos.

  2. Can foraging behavior of Criollo cattle help increase agricultural production and reduce environmental impacts in the arid Southwest?

    Science.gov (United States)

    The Longterm Agroecosystem Research Network (LTAR) was formed to help the nation’s agricultural systems simultaneously increase production and reduce environmental impacts. Eighteen networked sites are conducting a Common Experiment to understand the environmental and economic problems associated wi...

  3. Production performance of finisher broiler fed with cocoyam-corm meal as partial energy replacement for maize.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de la Cruz, Christian Paul P

    2016-10-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Gabing San Fernando ( Xanthosoma spp.) corms as partial carbohydrate replacement for maize in finisher broiler production. The completely randomized design was utilized to investigate the effects of three finisher poultry diets prepared in varying amounts of cocoyam-corm meal set at 0% (control), 25%, and 50% (experimental) replacement levels. There were no significant differences (p≥0.05) as to mortality and body weight measurements between control and experimental groups. Similarly, the mean weights of selected internal organs and condemnable carcasses among treatment groups did not show any significant differences (p≥0.05). In terms of the average feed intakes, birds from 50%-cocoyam group had the highest mean value and were found to be statistically different (p≥0.01) from both control and 25%-cocoyam groups. However, feed conversion ratio did not significantly differ (p≥0.05) among three groups. Higher feed costs were associated with the 50%-cocoyam treatment diet, which was only consistent with higher feed inputs. Thus, the group fed with 50%-cocoyam meal had significantly higher total mean production costs (pmeal did not significantly differ (p≥0.05) from the control group. Partial replacement of maize with cocoyam-corm meal at 25% level was acceptable since inclusion at this level did not adversely affect the production performance of finisher broilers in terms of growth rate, mortality rate, and feeding efficiency. The use of cocoyam meal as nonconventional and alternative carbohydrate source in poultry diet presents positive economic implications, especially to smallhold farmers from the developing countries, like the Philippines.

  4. EFEITO DO TAMANHO DO RIZOMA-SEMENTE, DA ÉPOCA E DO LOCAL DE PLANTIO, NA PRODUÇÃO DE RIZOMAS DE MANGARÁ

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    MONTEIRO DOMINGOS ANTONIO

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available As características culinárias peculiares dos rizomas de mangará ( Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott , mais conhecido como mangarito, fazem com que seja muito apreciado pela popu-lação rural paulista que o produz. Pode, no entanto, popularizar-se como produto hortigrangeiro nacional, caso haja aumento da produção e da qualidade comercial de seus rizomas mediante progresso tecnológico. Neste trabalho, estudou-se o efeito de dois tama-nhos de rizoma-semente (grande e pequeno, 5 e 2 g respectivamente, de três épocas de plantio (início, meado e fim de outubro de 1985, em três locais do Estado de São Paulo, sem a utilização de irrigação complementar. Serra Negra, com solo aluvial e produtividade média de 17,1 t/ha, ofereceu as melhores condições para o desenvolvimento da planta, seguida de Monte Alegre do Sul, que alcançou 10,2 t/ha em um Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo orto. Nesses dois locais, as produções decresceram na medida em que se atrasou o plantio. Em Itu, num solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo variação Laras, não houve produção por deficiência hídrica. Em geral, os rizomas-semente do tipo grande superaram os pequenos em termos de produção e houve interações entre o tamanho dos rizomas- -semente e a época de plantio; observou-se que o efeito do tamanho da muda foi sempre mais evidenciado na primeira época de plantio.

  5. In vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of some plants from a biological reserve in Costa Rica.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chinchilla, Misael; Valerio, Idalia; Sánchez, Ronald; Mora, Víctor; Bagnarello, Vanessa; Martínez, Laura; Gonzalez, Antonieta; Vanegas, Juan Carlos; Apestegui, Alvaro

    2012-06-01

    Treatment with the usual antimalarial drugs, have induced parasite resistance, reinforcing the need to finding natural antimalarial components that would be found on plants from the forest. Therefore, we decided to look for these components in Costa Rican plants from a protected forest area. Fresh and dry extracts of roots, bark, leaves, flowers and fruits of 25 plants from a biological reserve in Costa Rica, Reserva Biol6gica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB), were studied in vitro for the presence of substances with antimalarial activity. By studying the inhibition of P berghei schizogony, we assessed the antimalarial activity of several plant extracts: Aphelandra aurantiaca, A. tridentata (Acanthaceae); Xanthosoma undipes (Araceae); Iriartea deltoidea (Arecaceae); Neurolaena lobata (Asteraceae); Senna papillosa, Pterocarpus hayessi, Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus (Fabaceae); Nectandra membranacea, Persea povedae, Cinamomum chavarrianum (Lauraceae); Hampea appendiculata (Malvaceae); Ruagea glabra, Guarea glabra (Meliaceae); Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae); Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae); Piper friedrichsthalii (Piperaceae); Clematis dioica (Ranunculaceae); Prunus annularis (Rosaceae); Siparuna thecaphora (Siparunaceae); Solanum arboreum, Witheringia solanacea (Solanaceae); Ticodendrum incognitum (Ticodendraceae); Heliocarpus appendiculatus (Tiliaceae) and Myriocarpa longipes (Urticaceae). We used different parts of the plants as well as fresh and dried extracts for testing IC50. The solid content of the extracts ranged from 1-71.9 microg/mL. The fresh extracts showed stronger activity than the dry ones. Since the plants showing the strongest antimalarial activity are very common in Central America, and some similar genera of these plants have shown positives results in South America, we considered important to present these findings for discussion. On the other hand, this is the first systematic study of this kind ever realized in a circumscribed and protected area of

  6. LA CRIOLLIZACIÓN DE UN EJÉRCITO PERIFÉRICO, CHILE, 1768-1810

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    Juan Luis Ossa Santa Cruz

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es analizar algunas de las más importantes características del ejército colonial chileno en las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX. Haciendo hincapié en las repercusiones de la denominada "carrera imperial" en una colonia periférica como la chilena, se llega a la conclusión de que muchas decisiones tomadas por gobernadores y militares locales fueron influenciadas -aunque no moldeadas- por los principales acontecimientos bélicos de las décadas 1780-1800. Por otro lado, se enfatizan las consecuencias inesperadas en Chile de la crisis económica derivada de la participación del Imperio español en las guerras internacionales de fines del siglo XVIII, entre las cuales sobresale la incapacidad de la metrópoli para continuar enviando refuerzos militares y económicos a las zonas americanas más distantes del centro metropolitano. Esto produjo que la defensa de colonias como Chile pasara a manos de personas nacidas en América (criollos de "sangre" o, al menos, a manos de individuos cuya relación con el Nuevo Mundo era de larga data (criollos de "vida". La "criollización" del ejército chileno derivó en un incipiente autonomismo defensivo, lo cual vino a potenciar la autonomía administrativa conseguida por los colonos locales mediante la creación de intendencias y de instituciones comerciales como el Consulado.The aim of this article is to analyze some of the most important characteristics of Chile's colonial army at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Stressing the repercussions of the so-called 'imperial rivalry' in a peripheral colony like Chile, I conclude that many decisions taken by local governors and military officers were influenced -yet not moulded- by the principal military conflicts of the period between 1780-1800. On the other hand, I emphasize with the unexpected consequences in Chile of the economic crisis in which the Spanish empire became involved in after

  7. Del Colegio de caciques al Colegio de Granada: la educación problemática de un noble descendiente de los Incas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available DU COLLÈGE DES CACIQUES AU COLLÈGE DE GRENADE : L’ÉDUCATION PROBLÉMATIQUE D’UN DESCENDANT DES INCAS En 1792 Charles IV, fonde de manière prématurée et afin de contenir le mécontentement croissant des créoles, un collège en Espagne pour les nobles américains. Le décret n’exclut pas les nobles indigènes et l’un d’eux, D. Bartolomé Mesa Tupac Yupanqui, homme cultivé et actif, sollicite l’inscription de son cousin Don Santiago Phelipe Camilo Tupac Yupanqui dont la candidature n’est pas retenue. Ses démarches et ses dissimulations, son opiniâtreté ainsi que les faux arguments du vice-roi laissent percevoir le climat de suspicion réciproque qui régnait dans la société péruvienne encore marquée par la révolte indienne de 1780, en même temps que se révèle la véritable nature de la parole royale. En 1792 Carlos IV funda de forma algo prematura con el fin de controlar el descontento creciente de los criollos, un colegio en España para educar a los nobles americanos. La cédula no excluye a los nobles indígenas. Uno de ellos, D. Bartolomé Mesa Tupac Yupanqui, solicita una beca para su primo Don Santiago Phelipe Camilo Túpac Yupanqui, beca que no le otorga el virrey. Sus diligencias y sus disimulaciones, su terquedad así como los falsos argumentos del virrey dejan ver la atmósfera de recíproca suspición de aquella sociedad peruana todavía marcada por la rebelión indígena de 1780, al mismo tiempo que revela la índole de la palabra real. FROM THE COLLEGE OF CACIQUES TO THE COLLEGE OF GRANADA: THE PROBLEMATICAL EDUCATION OF A NOBLE DESCENDANT OF THE INCAS In 1792, Charles IV founded a college in Spain for educating noble Americans. This somewhat premature move aimed at curbing the growing discontent of the criollos. The royal decree did not exclude indigenous nobles. One of them, D. Bartolome Mesa Tupac Yupanqui, asked for a scholarship for his cousin, D. Santiago Phelipe Camilo Tupac Yupanqui. However this

  8. Evaluación in vivo de la actividad antimalárica de 25 plantas provenientes de una Reserva de Conservación Biológica de Costa Rica In vivo evaluation of the antimalarial activity of 25 plants from a Biological Conservation Reserve of Costa Rica

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    MISAEL CHINCHILLA-CARMONA

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una evaluación in vivo de la actividad antimalárica de las hojas, flores, frutos, corteza y raíz de 25 plantas de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB, situada en San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Las plantas estudiadas fueron Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw. Lindl., Aphelandra tridentata Hemsl. (Acanthaceae, Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch & C.D. Bouché K. Koch. (Araceae, Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav. (Arecaceae, Neurolaena lobata (L. Cass. (Asteraceae, Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus (Poir. Kunth ex DC., Pterocarpus hayesii Hemsl., Senna papillosa (Britton & Rose H.S. Irwin & Barneby., Cinnamomum chavarrianum (Hammel Kosterm. (Fabaceae, Nectandra membranacea (Sw. Griseb., Persea povedae W.C. Burger. (Lauraceae, Hampea appendiculata (Donn. Sm. Standl. (Malvaceae, Guarea glabra Vahl., Ruagea glabra Triana & Planch. (Meliaceae, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae, Bocconia frutescens L. (Papaveraceae, Piper friedrichsthalii C. DC. (Piperaceae, Clematis dioica L. (Ranunculaceae, Prunus annularis Koehne. (Rosaceae, Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. & Endl. A. DC. (Siparunaceae, Solanum arboreum Dunal., Witheringia solanacea L'Hér. (Solanaceae, Ticodendron incognitum Gómez-Laur. & L.D. Gómez. (Ticodendraceae, Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz. (Tiliaceae y Myriocarpa longipes Liebm. (Urticaceae. Los extractos alcohólicos frescos y secos, fueron evaluados por su actividad inhibitoria de la parasitemia causada por Plasmodium berghei en ratones Swiss. Al realizar las prueba de CI50 las plantas en que esa actividad fue muy relevante fueron (en mg kg-1 de peso: 12 para la corteza de B. frutescens, 18 para la raíz de H. appendiculata, 14 para la raíz de I. deltoidea, 4 para el fruto inmaduro de M. longipes, 21 para la raíz de N. membranacea, 19 para las hojas tiernas de P. povedae y 16 para el fruto inmaduro de S. tecaphora. Los extractos frescos presentaron una mayor actividad antimalárica que los sometidos a desecación. Este estudio es

  9. Molecular characterization and genetic structure of the local criollo pig breeds (Sus scrofa domestica from Ecuador, using microsatellite markers

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    Julio César Vargas Burgos

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available The molecular markers have shown their great utility in the characterization of the domestic animals, hence, the objective of this work was to characterize, genetically, the Creole pig of Ecuador by means of microsatellites. Samples of hair of 15 animals were gathered. A panel of 25 microsatellites, the amplification of the same was carried out by means of the reaction in chain of the polymerase and the amplified fragments, separated by electrophoresis in gels of polyacrylamide. In addition, were calculated the half number of alleles by locus (MNA, the allelic frequencies, the expected (He and the observed (Ho heterozygosity , the content of polymorphic information (PIC, as well as the balance Hardy-Weinberg (EHW and the FIS for marker. The half number of alleles found by locus has been of 6.2 and the percentage of individual heterozygote behaved above of 60%. Of the entirety of the studied loci the 68% showed a high PIC. These results show that the Ecuadorian Creole pig possesses a high genetic diversity, essential information to optimize the national strategies of conservation and it improvement of this genotype in Ecuador.

  10. ESTIMACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS GENÉTICOS PARA PESO AL DESTETE EN GANADO BLANCO OREJINEGRO (BON EN EL NOROCCIDENTE COLOMBIANO

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    Jhon Cañas Á

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Estimar los componentes de varianza genético aditivo directo y materno para peso al destete en ganado criollo Blanco Orejinegro (BON. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 356 registros entre los años 1988 al 2007, del núcleo de animales BON puro de la hacienda Vegas de la Clara de la Universidad de Antioquia. El análisis fue realizado utilizando un modelo animal incluyendo los efectos fijos de sexo y época de destete, y como covariable la edad al destete y los efectos aleatorios genético directo, genético materno, ambiente permanente y residual. Resultados. El peso promedio al destete fue de 196.3 ± 31.4 kg, a una edad promedio de 271.8 ± 13.5 días. Se encontraron 21 animales endogámicos con un coeficiente de endogamia de 24.5%. La heredabilidad directa y materna fueron de 0.63 ± 0.36 y 0.22 ± 0.19 con una correlación entre el efecto directo y el materno de -0.78 ± 0.21. Conclusión. De acuerdo a los resultados, existe variabilidad genética en el núcleo BON para esta característica.

  11. Death in Mexico City in the Eighteenth Century

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    Nadine Béligand

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Mexico City, “capital, court, and head”, core of Catholic monarchy on Earth, becomes a model for analyzing attitudes towards death in different social groups: peninsulares and criollos, religious and lay citizens, mestizos, castizos, and Indians. The capital, subject to a variety of cultural influences, is also seen as a model city; in this sense, it is one of the Ilustrado's experimental  fields. In her analysis, the author  distinguishes  between death (and all its associated beliefs and rituals and the dead (corpses, rotting,  fear of the dead. Beliefs and rituals concerning  death barely changed from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, but the issue of the dead was widely discussed during this last one. However, the expelling of the dead from the cities was a slow process that did not find a definite solution until the 1850s. Traditional, archaic, and baroque attitudes towards death survived in the hygienist policies, and the Ilustrados had to confront the Church, which ever since the sixteenth century had been imprinting in people's minds an image of the city's dead as a community of ancestors identified with the community of believers, thus actually articulating social and sacred practices.

  12. Una propuesta didáctica para la formación ético estética del profesional del Derecho

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    MSC. Maivis Ginarte-Duran

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available El presente ensayo, titulado: "Una propuesta didáctica para laformación ético estética del profesional del Derecho" tiene comoobjetivo mostrar cómo partiendo de elementos medulares de lapersonalidad de Alejandro García Caturla, dentro de los que seencuentran: su labor musical, jurídica y los valores trasmitidosmediante su proyección profesional, se pueden constituir soportes pedagógicos de relevancia en la formación ético-estética del jurista contemporáneo, en aras de potenciar su mayor desarrollo humano y cultural. La obra musical y jurídica de este ilustre cubano es una muestra de la fusión cultural del arte y el derecho con una misma pretensión: el logro de la justicia social y política, mediante la defensa de la igualdad de razas y culturas, manifestada en la música sinfónica afrocubana y en el reconocimiento de la identidad del criollo, como una simbiosis auténtica de nuestra idiosincrasia nacional y universal, por lo que el valor axiológico de su imperioético-estético constituye un referente importante para la formación del jurista contemporáneo.

  13. Interactions of Phytophthora capsici with Resistant and Susceptible Pepper Roots and Stems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dunn, Amara R; Smart, Christine D

    2015-10-01

    Using host resistance is an important strategy for managing pepper root and crown rot caused by Phytophthora capsici. An isolate of P. capsici constitutively expressing a gene for green fluorescent protein was used to investigate pathogen interactions with roots, crowns, and stems of Phytophthora-susceptible bell pepper 'Red Knight', Phytophthora-resistant bell pepper 'Paladin', and Phytophthora-resistant landrace Criollos de Morelos 334 (CM-334). In this study, the same number of zoospores attached to and germinated on roots of all cultivars 30 and 120 min postinoculation (pi), respectively. At 3 days pi, significantly more secondary roots had necrotic lesions on Red Knight than on Paladin and CM-334 plants. By 4 days pi, necrotic lesions had formed on the taproot of Red Knight but not Paladin or CM-334 plants. Although hyphae were visible in the crowns and stems of all Red Knight plants observed at 4 days pi, hyphae were observed in crowns of only a few Paladin and in no CM-334 plants, and never in stems of either resistant cultivar at 4 days pi. These results improve our understanding of how P. capsici infects plants and may contribute to the use of resistant pepper cultivars for disease management and the development of new cultivars.

  14. Production performance of finisher broiler fed with cocoyam-corm meal as partial energy replacement for maize

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christian Paul P. de la Cruz

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Gabing San Fernando (Xanthosoma spp. corms as partial carbohydrate replacement for maize in finisher broiler production. Materials and Methods: The completely randomized design was utilized to investigate the effects of three finisher poultry diets prepared in varying amounts of cocoyam-corm meal set at 0% (control, 25%, and 50% (experimental replacement levels. Results: There were no significant differences (p≥0.05 as to mortality and body weight measurements between control and experimental groups. Similarly, the mean weights of selected internal organs and condemnable carcasses among treatment groups did not show any significant differences (p≥0.05. In terms of the average feed intakes, birds from 50%-cocoyam group had the highest mean value and were found to be statistically different (p≥0.01 from both control and 25%-cocoyam groups. However, feed conversion ratio did not significantly differ (p≥0.05 among three groups. Higher feed costs were associated with the 50%-cocoyam treatment diet, which was only consistent with higher feed inputs. Thus, the group fed with 50%-cocoyam meal had significantly higher total mean production costs (p<0.005 per bird, when other expenses were taken into account. The production costs for the group given 25%-cocoyam meal did not significantly differ (p≥0.05 from the control group. Conclusion: Partial replacement of maize with cocoyam-corm meal at 25% level was acceptable since inclusion at this level did not adversely affect the production performance of finisher broilers in terms of growth rate, mortality rate, and feeding efficiency. The use of cocoyam meal as nonconventional and alternative carbohydrate source in poultry diet presents positive economic implications, especially to smallhold farmers from the developing countries, like the Philippines.

  15. In vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of some plants from a biological reserve in Costa Rica

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    Misael Chinchilla

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Treatment with the usual antimalarial drugs, have induced parasite resistance, reinforcing the need to finding natural antimalarial components that would be found on plants from the forest. Therefore, we decided to look for these components in Costa Rican plants from a protected forest area. Fresh and dry extracts of roots, bark, leaves, flowers and fruits of 25 plants from a biological reserve in Costa Rica, Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB, were studied in vitro for the presence of substances with antimalarial activity. By studying the inhibition of P. berghei schizogony, we assessed the antimalarial activity of several plant extracts: Aphelandra aurantiaca, A. tridentata (Acanthaceae; Xanthosoma undipes (Araceae; Iriartea deltoidea (Arecaceae; Neurolaena lobata (Asteraceae; Senna papillosa, Pterocarpus hayessi, Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus (Fabaceae; Nectandra membranacea, Persea povedae, Cinamomum chavarrianum (Lauraceae; Hampea appendiculata (Malvaceae; Ruagea glabra, Guarea glabra (Meliaceae; Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae; Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae; Piper friedrichsthalii (Piperaceae; Clematis dioica (Ranunculaceae; Prunus annularis (Rosaceae; Siparuna thecaphora (Siparunaceae; Solanum arboreum, Witheringia solanácea (Solanaceae; Ticodendrum incognitum (Ticodendraceae; Heliocarpus appendiculatus (Tiliaceae and Myriocarpa longipes (Urticaceae. We used different parts of the plants as well as fresh and dried extracts for testing IC50. The solid content of the extracts ranged from 1-71.9μg/mL. The fresh extracts showed stronger activity than the dry ones. Since the plants showing the strongest antimalarial activity are very common in Central America, and some similar genera of these plants have shown positives results in South America, we considered important to present these findings for discussion. On the other hand, this is the first systematic study of this kind ever realized in a circumscribed and protected area of

  16. Polyphenolic screening and protective properties of some vegetables against CCl4 liver damage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salawu, S.O.; Akindahunsi, A.A.

    2007-12-01

    In the present study, we screened for the polyphenolic compounds present in some selected tropical vegetables and the protective effect of the vegetable extract against CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity in rats as a way of evaluating their medicinal potential in addition to their nutritional values. The use of HPLC/DAD/MS revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds in the studied vegetables. Crassocephalum crepidioides; caffeoyl derivatives, Talinum triangulare; rutin and kaempferol derivatives, Amaranthus hybridus; caffeoyl derivative, rutin and kaempferol derivative, Hibiscus esculentus; caffeoyl derivative, quercetin derivative and an unidentified flavonoid, Xanthosoma mafaffa; six unidentified flavonoids with similar absorption maximum at different retention times) and Celocia argentia (luteolin derivative and four unidentified flavonoids. Carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 0.5ml/kg body weight (b.w) produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in the levels of ALT (IU/l), AST (IU/l) and total protein (g/l) in the serum (40.60 ± 3.50, 80.60 ± 5.10, 73.20 ± 1.87), in the liver homogenate (1300.00 ± 7.38, 1660.00 ± 13.69, 250.00 ± 7.51) and MDA content (nmol TBARS/mg Liver Protein) in the liver homogenate (82.00 ± 0.02, 82.00 ± 0.07) compared to the control. The result revealed a reduction of the serum marker enzymes (ALT, AST and Total protein), compared with the CCl 4 treated group after the administration of the various polyphenolic extract. In a similar manner, the extract brings about a reduction of the MDA content. It could be concluded that the protective properties exhibited by the vegetables could be amongst other factor due to the presence of some polyphenols. (author)

  17. Genotipicación de la resistencia natural del ganado blanco orejinegro “BON” a la Salmonella dublin SL 2260

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    Jorge Eliécer Ossa Londoño

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available Uno de los factores que controla la resistencia a microorganismos intracelulares como Salmonella y Brucella, es el producto del gen Nramp (proteína del macrófago asociada a resistencia natural; esta proteína, en la fase temprana de la infección, controla la capacidad de replicación de estas bacterias en los macrófagos. Recientemente se identificó asociación entre un alelo de 175 pb de un microsatélite (STR, ligado a Nramp, con la resistencia a microorganismos intracelulares en bovinos; adicionalmente, se han identificado otros tres alelos (177, 179 y 181 pb asociados con susceptibilidad. En la especie bovina, la Salmonella Dublín sirve como modelo para estudiar la resistencia natural a otras bacterias intracelulares como la Brucella abortus, ya que se ha demostrado que macrófagos derivados de bovinos resistentes controlan eficientemente el crecimiento de ambas bacterias. En Colombia, se ha propuesto que el ganado criollo “BON” presenta una marcada resistencia a enfermedades infecciosas, entre ellas la brucellosis. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el genotipo y el fenotipo de la resistencia del ganado BON a la Salmonella Dublín SL 2260, para contribuir a la caracterización inmunogenética de la resistencia natural de este ganado a las infecciones microbianas. En este trabajo sé han analizado 80 bovinos de la raza “BON”, 18 holstein y 4 cebú: se extrajo ADN a partir de sangre periférica, se amplificó el STR ligado al Nramp, a través de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR; el producto fue sometido a un análisis de polimorfismos conformacionales de cadena sencilla (SSCP, utilizando un gel de polyacrilamida al 6% en condiciones no reductoras. De acuerdo a la movilidad electroforética de los amplicones, y comparándola con un patrón ya definido de resistencia, se han tipificado los diferentes animales. De los 80 animales “BON”, 79 (98.75% fueron homocigóticos para el alelo de

  18. Análisis zimográfico de metaloproteasas y catepsina en hígado graso de pato criollo (Cairina moschata)

    OpenAIRE

    Wilkesman, Jeff; Padrón, María Fernanda; Kurz, Liliana; Awde, Sahar; Rémignon, Hervé

    2017-01-01

    La esteatosis hepática se define como una acumulación de triglicéridos en las células hepáticas, posterior a una dieta forzada rica en carbohidratos, y es una condición no patológica en palmípedos. El hígado esteatósico presenta una actividad metabólica mayor. La actividad proteásica en células de hígado de pato con esteatosis fue caracterizada por electroforesis. Tres tipos de homogeneizado (crudo, tratado para metaloproteasa y tratado para catepsina) fueron preparados a partir de ejem...

  19. Detección de una mutación puntual en el gen receptor Ryanodina (Ryr 1 en cerdos criollos colombianos

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    Muñoz Flórez Jaime Eduardo

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available El síndrome de estrés porcino (PSS es una enfermedad hereditaria monogénica recesiva relacionada con el gen receptor ryanodina (Ryr1. Utilizando PCR-SSCP y PCR-RFLP se tipificaron genéticamente 14 individuos de cerdos comerciales con el rasgo sindactilia (Casco de Mula-CM, 21 San Pedreños -SP y 100 Zungos- ZN. Las razas CM y SP tuvieron las mismas frecuencias alélicas (F(H = 0.79 y F(h = 0.21, mientras que en los cerdos ZN no se encontró el alelo recesivo (h. La heterocigosidad (He fue de 0.28% para los cerdos CM y 0.23% para los SP. La He para la muestra poblacional fue de 0.066.

  20. República Dominicana: a construção do pueblo criollo - doi:10.5102/uri.v6i1.822

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    Renata de Melo Rosa

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo explora os limites do nacionalismo dominicano que, ao se opor binariamente ao nacionalismo haitiano, se constitui em uma alteridade perfeita que, mesmo assim, não consegue ocultar o princípio de transitabilidade existente na constituição de identidades opostas. Dessa forma, é a partir do trânsito contínuo pela identidade haitiana que o nacionalismo dominicano irá construir seus principais pilares, parecendo perder o seu significado caso esta oposição não seja continuamente reproduzida pelo pensamento social e pela historiografia dominicana.

  1. Persuasión lingüística para la defensa de la tierra: El Título Primordial de Santiago Sula

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    Marta Puente González

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Los pueblos de indios de la Nueva España crearon, a fines de la época colonial, una forma de  defender sus territorios ante la amenaza de colonos españoles, criollos y otros indios que usurpaban ilegalmente terrenos e intentaban rentabilizar el control de las tierras. Empezaron a producir un tipo de textos, sus Títulos Primordiales, que presentaban en los juicios para demostrar la titularidad de sus posesiones. No son textos del tipo administrativo, sino que insertan narraciones con los acontecimientos pasados más importantes para la comunidad. Pero principalmente son escritos que fueron pensados para persuadir a los receptores de la veracidad de sus argumentos. Buscaban convencer, en lo lingüístico y textual, para tener efecto en la vida real: que no se les arrebatase sus tierras. En este trabajo se abordará la aproximación a este tipo textual mediante el estudio, desde la pragmática lingüística y el análisis del discurso, del Título Primordial de Santiago Sula, un documento paradigmático del género. Con ello se quiere demostrar que el Título Primordial de Santiago Sulase caracteriza por una estructura argumentativa con un narrador que dispone de distintos tipos de argumentos y otras estrategias textuales para reforzar la única conclusión final: la defensa dela tierra.

  2. "JE SUIS UN COWBOY DU FAR WEST": UN ESTUDIO DEL MÉTISSAGE TEXTUAL EN LA NOVELA AUTOBIOGRÁFICA DE DJANET LACHMET 'LE COW-BAY' (1983

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    Caroline Kelley

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo explora el concepto del métissage –una clase de intertextualidad– tal y como ha sido teorizada por Françoise Lionnet (1989 a través de una lectura en profundidad de El Cow-boy (1983, una novela autobiográfica de Djanet Lachmet sobre la Revolución argelina (1954–1962. Lionnet (1989 describe el métissage como una trama textual de tradiciones que reintroducen las costumbres del Criollo oral y reevalúa los conceptos occidentales asumidos. El término enlaza cuidadosamente temas como raza, política, lectura y escritura. Descrita como una «Autobiografía», El Cow-boy de Lachmet es la historia de Lallia, una chica joven que crece durante el periodo de la lucha por la liberación argelina, durante los años 50 y 60. Elaboro conjuntamente una crítica del métissage y un estudio de su manifestación en la novela, y me pregunto si los relatos autobiográficos son -en este caso– una estratagema que proporciona espacios ambiguos de posibilidad en los cuales, un sujeto de una historia violenta y un agente del discurso, pueden relacionarse entre ellos; donde nuevas maneras de interacción entre lo personal y lo político pueden ser significativamente estudiados.

  3. El papel económico de las cofradías en el crepúsculo de la colonia y el ascenso de las sociedades mercantiles. Análisis de protocolos coloniales de San José (1837-1842

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    Oriester Abarca Hernández

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Las cofradías cumplieron en la Colonia y hasta la primera mitad del siglo XIX un papel no sólo religioso sino también económico al poseer tierras y actuar como entidades financieras. Las personas ligadas a las operaciones económicas de las cofradías eran los miembros de la élite local, quienes formaban una red social. Junto al capital manejado por la Iglesia y sus instituciones (cofradías, y diversos tipos de fundaciones como las capellanías y los mayorazgos a lo largo de la Colonia se produjeron alianzas (sociedades entre particulares, españoles peninsulares y criollos, para llevar a cabo inversiones y emprendimientos, como la exploración en busca de minas de oro y más tardíamente para operaciones de comercio exterior. El siglo XIX presenció el auge del pensamiento liberal y se produjo una desintegración paulatina de los bienes inmovilizados por la Iglesia y sus instituciones, lo que repercutió en la importancia de estas como agentes económicos. Ello también tuvo consecuencias en la propiedad de la tierra y en la legislación civil y comercial, que siguió al movimiento codificador iniciado en 1841 y se consagró en 1888, cuando entró a regir el Código Civil.

  4. Efecto de la administración de líquido ruminal fresco sobre algunos parámetros productivos en ovinos criollos

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    Carlos Rodríguez M.

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la administración de líquido ruminal fresco (LRF de bovino sobre la ganancia de peso, bioactividad ruminal y pH ruminal en ovinos. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron nueve ovinos destetados con edades y pesos homogéneos, distribuidos de forma aleatoria en tres grupos, a los cuales se les suministró trestratamientos diferentes: tratamiento 1, 400 ml de LRF; tratamiento 2, 200 ml de LRF y tratamiento 3 como control (sin LRF. El LRF se administro vía oral, usando una dosis única al inicio del estudio. Para la evaluación de los parámetros, se inició con una mediciónel día 0 y luego se realizaron mediciones cada 15 d durante un periodo de 60 d. Para el análisis estadístico se realizó ANOVA y las diferencias se comprobaron mediante el test de comparación de medias de Tukey. Resultados. El promedio de la ganancia de peso diario, fue de 194.4 y 169.4 g/d en los animales tratados con 400 y 200 ml deLRF, respectivamente y de 157.8 g/d en los animales que no recibieron LRF, siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente no significativas (p>0.05. La bioactividad ruminal presentó cambios significativos tras la administración de 400 ml de LRF (p<0.05. El pH solo mostró cambios significativos en la medición realizada a los 15 d postadministración de 400 ml de LRF. Conclusiones. La administración de LRF no provocó aumentos significativos sobre la ganancia diaria de peso, no obstante, mostró efectos favorables sobre la bioactividad ruminal.

  5. Caracterización molecular del pato criollo colombiano en cuatro departamentos Molecular characterization of the Colombian creole duck in four departments

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    Darwin Hernández

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron 53 individuos de patos Muscovy de los departamentos de Caldas, Risaralda, Antioquia y Valle del Cauca con tres cebadores RAMs. Se generaron 71 loci polimórficos (61.2% con 0.19 de heterocigosidad. El cebador con mayor heterocigosidad fue CGA (0.23 y CA el de mayor loci polimórfico (76.1%. La técnica RAMs permitió diferenciar los géneros Anas y Cairina a un índice de similitud de 0.83. Con un índice de similitud del 0.894, los patos Muscovy formaron cinco grupos. El mejor cebador para diferenciar especies fue CCA (Fst= 0.274. La diferenciación genética en la muestra poblacional fue moderada (Fst= 0.2045.53 individuals of Muscovy ducks from Caldas, Risaralda, Antioquia and Valle del Cauca departments with three primers RAMs were evaluated. 71 polymorphic loci (61,2% were generated with 0.19 of heterocigozity. The primer with the highest heterocigozity was CGA (0.23 and CA had the highest polymorphic loci (76.1%. The RAMs technique allowed to discriminate Anas and Cairina genus with an index of similarity of 0.83. At a 0.894 of similarity index, the Muscovy ducks formed 5 groups. The best primer to discriminate species was CCA (Fst= 0.274. The genetic differentiation was moderate (Fst= 0.2045.

  6. Habitat use by Mexican criollo and British beef cattle breeds in arid-and semi-arid environments of New Mexico and Chihuahua

    Science.gov (United States)

    Background/Question/Methods Livestock grazing is the primary activity on rangelands that encompass nearly half of the Earth’s terrestrial surface and directly supports a quarter of the world’s population. With one person in t...

  7. Los incas representados (Lima – siglo XVIII: ¿Supervivencia o renacimiento?

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    Perissat, Karine

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available At the beginning of the 18th Century the indigenous people of Lima were accorded permission to celebrate the Spanish kings in a segregated group. The criollo elites expected them to represent their old kings in the demostrations, thus taking part in the exaltation of the Peruvian history. The descriptions of the limeño festivities, which show that the costumes of the Incas in the masquerades were highly hibridisized and baroque, allow us to analyse the characteristics of the Inca renaissance in the 18th Century. The costume played a basic role in the rehabilitation of the old Peruvian kings in the Colonial society.

    Al principio del siglo XVIII, se les otorgó a los indios de Lima la posibilidad de festejar a los monarcas españoles en grupo aparte. De ellos se esperaba que representasen a sus antiguos monarcas en desfiles o mascaradas y participaran por consiguiente, animados por las elites criollas, en la exaltación de la historia peruana. Fuertemente mestizada y apropiada a los gustos barrocos, la indumentaria de los incas de las mascaradas descrita en las relaciones de fiestas limeñas nos permite analizar las características del renacimiento incaico del siglo XVIII y ver cómo la vestimenta desempañaba un papel fundamental en la rehabilitación de los antiguos monarcas peruanos en la sociedad colonial.

  8. América: Identidad, Integración e Independencia

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    Álvaro Acevedo Gutiérrez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El nombre que se le ha dado al continente a trav s de los cinco siglos de miscegenaci n hist rica, ha marcado los niveles de dependencia e integraci n. En los siglos de dominaci n de Espa a se enfatiz en llamarlo Nuevo Orbe y Nuevo Mundo para diferenciarlo del viejo. Eran ante todo nombres impuestos. En la misma sincron a hist rica se le otorg el nombre de Indias , que marcaba una profunda discriminaci n tanto del continente como de todos sus habitantes, incluyendo a los mismos espa oles que al regresar a su pen nsula natal se les denominaba de manera peyorativa como Indianos . El nombre de Am rica se origin en una equivocaci n, como tambi n en una profunda injusticia con el Almirante Col n, sin embargo, los hombres de la independencia lo reivindicar n y con orgullo sus habitantes se autodenominar n como americanos o criollos americanos , d ndole sentido al origen de una identidad hist rica de Patria Grande . En tal sentido, el ideario de Sim n Bol var buscaba armonizar la identidad de Am rica con el proceso de independencia y a su vez a?rmar el proyecto de integraci n continental. El sue o de Bol var y de los americanos de principios del siglo XIX, estaba dirigido a sintetizar esos procesos en tres palabras claves: identidad, independencia e integraci n.

  9. Deciphering the Theobroma cacao self-incompatibility system: from genomics to diagnostic markers for self-compatibility.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lanaud, Claire; Fouet, Olivier; Legavre, Thierry; Lopes, Uilson; Sounigo, Olivier; Eyango, Marie Claire; Mermaz, Benoit; Da Silva, Marcos Ramos; Loor Solorzano, Rey Gaston; Argout, Xavier; Gyapay, Gabor; Ebaiarrey, Herman Ebai; Colonges, Kelly; Sanier, Christine; Rivallan, Ronan; Mastin, Géraldine; Cryer, Nicholas; Boccara, Michel; Verdeil, Jean-Luc; Efombagn Mousseni, Ives Bruno; Peres Gramacho, Karina; Clément, Didier

    2017-10-13

    Cocoa self-compatibility is an important yield factor and has been described as being controlled by a late gameto-sporophytic system expressed only at the level of the embryo sac. It results in gametic non-fusion and involves several loci. In this work, we identified two loci, located on chromosomes 1 and 4 (CH1 and CH4), involved in cocoa self-incompatibility by two different processes. Both loci are responsible for gametic selection, but only one (the CH4 locus) is involved in the main fruit drop. The CH1 locus acts prior to the gamete fusion step and independently of the CH4 locus. Using fine-mapping and genome-wide association studies, we focused analyses on restricted regions and identified candidate genes. Some of them showed a differential expression between incompatible and compatible reactions. Immunolocalization experiments provided evidence of CH1 candidate genes expressed in ovule and style tissues. Highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) diagnostic markers were designed in the CH4 region that had been identified by fine-mapping. They are characterized by a strong linkage disequilibrium with incompatibility alleles, thus allowing the development of efficient diagnostic markers predicting self-compatibility and fruit setting according to the presence of specific alleles or genotypes. SSR alleles specific to self-compatible Amelonado and Criollo varieties were also identified, thus allowing screening for self-compatible plants in cocoa populations. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

  10. Determination the behavior of the curve lactation Mestizo and dairy cattle Altiplano of the Province Omasuyos Department of La Paz-Bolivia

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    Apaza-Huallpa Yesenia

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The present research work was conducted in eight communities, Municipality of Achacachi Omasuyos Province, with the following objectives: i calculate the parameters that describe the lactation curve in cows with and without stable. 20 crossbred cows were selected (Holstein crosses with Criollo. 14 and 6 had stable without stable, all were in the last third of gestation to give birth in the months of January month end, February and March earlier this month, milk production was determined from birth until natural drying, their diet was based on native grasslands, pastures of alfalfa, oats and barley (Green, hay and straw. The analysis of the results obtained have on average (a = 4.248, b = 0.348 and c = 0.006 different Ticona (2001, possibly because the average current milk production is (10 kg / day. The average milk production to 305 days of lactation (DL - 305, in cows with stable was 3242.68 kg with an average daily production of 10.6 kg; while the average milk production to 305 days of lactation (PL - 305 in cows without stable was 2621.87 kg, with an average production of 8.6 kg per day. The model proposed by Wood (1967, It was adequate in determining the parameters that define the lactation curve in crossbred cows in the highlands, and to estimate milk production in the town of Achacachi, Omasuyos province, department of La Paz.

  11. Agroforestry systems of timber species and cacao: survival and growth during the early stages

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    Wilmer Espinoza

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available In recent times, increased emphasis has been placed on diversifying the types of trees to shade cacao (Theobromacacao L. and to achieve additional services. Agroforestry systems that include profitable and native timber trees are a viable alternative but it is necessary to understand the growth characteristics of these species under different environmental conditions. Thus, timber tree species selection should be based on plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors. The aims of this study were (1 to evaluate growth rates and leaf area indices of the four commercial timber species: Cordia thaisiana, Cedrela odorata, Swietenia macrophylla and Tabebuia rosea in conjunction with incidence of insect attacks and (2 to compare growth rates of four Venezuelan Criollo cacao cultivars planted under the shade of these four timber species during the first 36 months after establishment. Parameters monitored in timber trees were: survival rates, growth rates expressed as height and diameter at breast height and leaf area index. In the four Cacao cultivars: height and basal diameter. C. thaisiana and C. odorata had the fastest growth and the highest survival rates. Growth rates of timber trees will depend on their susceptibility to insect attacks as well as to total leaf area. All cacao cultivars showed higher growth rates under the shade of C. odorata. Growth rates of timber trees and cacao cultivars suggest that combinations of cacao and timber trees are a feasible agroforestry strategy in Venezuela.

  12. Effects of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality of Mexican lambs Efeito do cruzamento sobre o rendimento de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de cordeiros mexicanos

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    L. Hernández-Cruz

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Twenty hair (Pelibuey x Katadin x BlackBelly and 20 wool (Rambouillet x Criollo lambs were fattened in an intensive feeding system to reach 40kg body weight at ten months of age. The yield of lamb sides and back fat (51.9%, 2.5mm vs. 47.0%, 2.3mm were greater in wool lambs. Meat pH was not different between phenotypes but meat temperature was higher during the first hours postmortem in wool lamb sides (27, 23, and 20, vs. 24, 20, and 17ºC. Protein content in meat from the neck (braquicephalic and esternocephalic muscles and loin (Longissimus lumborum muscle were higher in hair lambs (21.1 and 20.4 vs. 19.7 and 19.3 %, while moisture of the same muscles was higher in wool lambs (75.6 and 75.9 vs. 73.6 and 74.3%. Ash content was similar in both phenotypes, but palmitoleic acid was greater in hair lambs (2.9 and 2.7 vs. 2.7 and 2.5%. In fresh meat, pH, meat toughness, and water activity (Wa of loin did not differ; but water holding capacity (WHC was higher in hair lambs, and the same response was observed for cooked meat toughness from the neck, and in raw and cooked meat from loin. There were differences in the colour of meat from the neck, having values for L*, b* and tonalities greater in wool lambs, and a* greater for hair lambs. Sensorial parameters were similar in both phenotypes.Vinte cordeiros deslanados (Pelibuey x Katadin x BlackBelly e 20 cordeiros lanados (Rambouillet x Criollo foram mantidos em um sistema intensivo de alimentação até atingirem 40kg, aos 10 meses de idade. O rendimento de carcaça e a espessura da gordura foram maiores nos cordeiros lanados (51,9%, 2,5mm vs. 47,0%, 2,3mm. Não houve diferenças entre os dois grupos de cordeiros para pH, mas a temperatura da carne foi mais alta durante as primeiras horas pós-morte, nas meias-carcaças dos cordeiros lanados (27, 23, 20 vs. 24, 20, 17°C. O conteúdo proteico da carne do pescoço (músculos braquicefálico e esternocefálico e do lombo (músculo Longissimus lumborum

  13. Molecular diversity among domestic guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus and their close phylogenetic relationship with the Andean wild species Cavia tschudii Diversidad molecular entre cuyes domésticos (Cavia porcellus y su relación filogenética cercana con la especie silvestre andina Cavia tschudii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ÁNGEL E SPOTORNO

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available To investigate the origin and diversity of domestic guinea-pigs Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758; Rodentia, Caviidae, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 12 domestic and 10 wild specimens from six species, including the two presumed as ancestral to the domestic one: Cavia tschudii and Cavia aperea. All maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses grouped C. porcellus with C. tschudii (mean K2P distance = 3.2 %; best trees had 609 steps (CI = 0.796; Bremer support Index (SI = 28, and a _Ln = 4419.52, with 100 % and 97 % bootstrap support respectively. This clade, supported by three substitutions and 96 % bootstrap, is also obtained in the cladistic analysis of corresponding amino acids. When the C. aperea node was forced to join C. porcellus, these trees were consistently longer, less likely and robust, and with less defining characters than the optimal one. All C. porcellus sequences also clustered in a node defined by 15 substitutions. The sub-node containing animals from city markets, pet shops and laboratories was characterized by four substitutions (one non-silent, SI = 7, and 91 % bootstrap. Some South American C. porcellus, called "criollos" (creoles by local breeders, were more diverse. Probably, a particular clade from southern Peru and Chile may represent a pre-Columbian lineage. Mean K2P distance between C. tschudii and C. aperea was rather large, 7.7 %. Cavia appeared as a robust node (100 % bootstrap. These results indicate that C. tschudii is the species most closely related to C. porcellusPara investigar el origen y la divergencia de los cuyes domésticos Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758; Rodentia, Caviidae, secuenciamos el gen mitocondrial para citocromo b de 12 especímenes domésticos y 10 silvestres de seis especies, incluyendo las dos que se presumen como ancestro de la doméstica: C. tschudii y C. aperea. Todos los análisis de máxima parsimonia y máxima verosimilitud agruparon a C. porcellus con C

  14. Germinación del coco con tres tipos de cortes en Sandy Bay Sirpi, Costa Caribe Sur de Nicaragua

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    Jhovany Jhoel Hooker Medina

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Se ha evaluado la germinación del coco criollo (Cocos nucifera, utilizando 3 tipos de cortes (horizontal, transversal, vertical, en Sandy Bay Sirpi, municipio Desembocadura del Río Grande, el experimento fue unifactorial con un Diseño Experimental de Bloques Completamente al Azar (BCA, con 4 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas: tiempo promedio, porcentaje de germinación y de mortalidad entre los tratamientos y susceptibilidad al ataque de plagas y enfermedades, características morfológicas (tamaño embrión, grosor de hojas, tamaño raíces, las variables se sometieron a un análisis de varianza con un 95 por ciento de confianza. El mayor porcentaje de germinación de las nueces lo presento corte vertical con un porcentaje del 95, el segundo de corte transversal 83, seguido del corte horizontal 76 y testigo con 50: todos evaluados con una muestra de 60 nueces con los diferentes tratamientos. En índice de mortalidad a los 135 días de establecidos lo obtuvo el T4 (corte vertical con el porcentaje del 5; seguido por T3 (corte transversal con 16; T2 (corte horizontal con 23; y, T1 (testigo con 50. Respecto a la morfología el T4 obtuvo mejores promedios, tamaño del embrión (53.71 cm, grosor de hojas (5.72 cm, tamaño de raíces (29.55 cm, seguido el T3, T2 y T1. Se determinó que el mejor tratamiento para acelerar la germinación de la variedad del coco criollo Alto del Atlántico, corte vertical (T4, presentó mejores características y mayor cantidad de nueces germinadas en menos tiempo promedio. Abstract The germination of the native coconut (Cocos nucifera was evaluated using 3 types of cuts (horizontal, transversal, vertical at Sandy Bay Sirpi, Rio Grande estuary municipality, the experiment was univariate with an Experimental Block Design (BCA, with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The variables evaluated: mean time, percentage of germination and mortality among treatments and susceptibility to attack of pests and

  15. ETNOBOTÁNICA MÉDICA DE LOS INDÍGENAS CHOROTE Y SU COMPARACIÓN CON LA DE LOS CRIOLLOS DEL CHACO SEMIÁRIDO (ARGENTINA

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    Gustavo F. Scarpa

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Se identifica la farmacopea vegetal que utilizan actualmente los indígenas Chorote del Chaco semiárido argentino. Se registraron 69 especies vegetales, 2 especies de hongos y un liquen con 194 usos medicinales. Se destaca el bajo porcentaje de este tipo de usos respecto al total de datos etnobotánicos recopilados para los Chorote (15 %. De su comparación con la farmacopea criolla se desprende que el 52 % de los datos resulta idéntico, por lo que se concluye que los Chorote habrían adquirido estas prácticas a manera de préstamo cultural. La farmacopea de este pueblo, entonces, fue muy reducida debido a que su medicina tradicional de corte chamanístico no involucraba antaño el uso de remedios de origen vegetal. Entre las plantas medicinales típicamente Chorote se pueden citar a Achatocarpus praecox, Cleistocactus baumannii, Echinopsis rhodotricha y Funastrum clausum. Los usos estrictamente Chorote quedarían así reducidos a 90 aplicaciones en total, principalmente como antiemenagogos, antidiarreicos, antitusivos y cicatrizantes.

  16. Cognition, culture and utility: plant classification by Paraguayan immigrant farmers in Misiones, Argentina.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kujawska, Monika; Jiménez-Escobar, N David; Nolan, Justin M; Arias-Mutis, Daniel

    2017-07-25

    This study was conducted in three rural communities of small farmers of Paraguayan origin living in the province of Misiones, Argentina. These Criollos (Mestizos) hail chiefly from departments located in the east of Paraguay, where the climate and flora have similar characteristics as those in Misiones. These ecological features contribute to the continuation and maintenance of knowledge and practices related to the use of plants. Fieldwork was conducted between September 2014 and August 2015. Forty five informants from three rural localities situated along the Parana River participated in an ethno-classification task. For the classification event, photographs of 30 medicinal and edible plants were chosen, specifically those yielding the highest frequency of mention among the members of that community (based on data obtained in the first stage of research in 2014). Variation in local plant classifications was examined and compared using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. We found that people classify plants according to application or use (primarily medicinal, to a lesser extent as edible). Morphology is rarely taken into account, even for very similar and closely-related species such as varieties of palms. In light of our findings, we highlight a dominant functionality model at work in the process of plant cognition and classification among farmers of Paraguayan origin. Salient cultural beliefs and practices associated with rural Paraguayan plant-based medicine are described. Additionally, the manner by which residents' concepts of plants articulate with local folk epistemology is discussed. Culturally constructed use patterns ultimately override morphological variables in rural Paraguayans' ethnobotanical classification.

  17. FORAGE YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION OF YELLOW HYBRID MAIZE GROWN IN MEXICO

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    Lizbeth Esmeralda Roblez Jimenez

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Maize is the most important forage in feed cattle, due to its higher energy content, however, it is characterized by its wide range of varieties and the possibility of generating a large quantity of final products. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the forage yield, chemical composition and in vitro gas production as fresh and hay of a local yellow criollo maize and six varieties of yellow hybrid maize (HIT13, CML460, PIONER, COPPER, CDMO80001 and CLO80902. Fresh and dry yield did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05, their chemical composition (g / kg DM showed differences (P ˂ 0.05 for the protein content by various storage methods ranging from 59.87 to 59.61 g kg-1 DM per conservation method, NDF ranged from 591 to 686 g kg-1 DM by variety and by the method ranged from 619 to 639 g kg -1 DM, ADF ranged from 298 to 345 g kg-1 DM by variety and 317 to 340 g kg-1 DM by conservation method; ADL ranged from 58 to 41 g kg-1 DM by variety and 41 to 57 g kg-1 DM by conservation method, in vitro gas production  there were no differences (P>0.05 between varieties and conservation method. It is concluded that according to the results obtained, the varieties studied show the same forage yields in both hay and fresh, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production.

  18. OTRA CIVILIZACIÓN DE LA MIEL: UTILIZACIÓN DE MIEL EN GRUPOS INDÍGENAS GUAYCURÚES A PARTIR DE LA EVIDENCIA DE FUENTES JESUITAS (Siglo XVIII

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    María Celeste Medrano

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Guaycurus groups inhabiting the Gran Chaco region in the 18th century made extensive use of honey produced by native stingless bees (Tribe Meliponini. These practices were extensively registered by the Jesuits who tried to evangelize in the area. This paper is based on the analysis of the evidences obtained from these sources and current ethnographic data related to the use of honey. The aim is to discuss the uses and traditional knowledge andidentify meliponas species mentioned in these sources from the collection of individuals and reports of Indian and creole people about them, contributing to a corpus that includes the diversity of expertise in the area regarding these practices.RESUMEN: Los grupos guaycurúes que habitaban la región del Gran Chaco durante el siglo XVIII realizaban un extenso aprovechamiento de mieles procedentes de abejas nativas sin aguijón (Tribu Meliponini. Estas prácticas fueron extensamente documentadas por los jesuitas que misionaron en el área. El presente trabajo se basa en el análisis de las evidencias obtenidas en estas fuentes y datos etnográficos actuales relacionados al aprovechamiento de miel. El objetivo es examinar los usos y saberes tradicionales e identificar las especies de meliponas mencionadas en dichas fuentes a partir de la colecta de ejemplares y los discursos de indígenas y criollos elaborados sobre las mismas aportando a un corpus que incluya ladiversidad de conocimientos existentes en la zona sobre estas prácticas.

  19. Worldwide Patterns of Ancestry, Divergence, and Admixture in Domesticated Cattle

    Science.gov (United States)

    Decker, Jared E.; McKay, Stephanie D.; Rolf, Megan M.; Kim, JaeWoo; Molina Alcalá, Antonio; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Hanotte, Olivier; Götherström, Anders; Seabury, Christopher M.; Praharani, Lisa; Babar, Masroor Ellahi; Correia de Almeida Regitano, Luciana; Yildiz, Mehmet Ali; Heaton, Michael P.; Liu, Wan-Sheng; Lei, Chu-Zhao; Reecy, James M.; Saif-Ur-Rehman, Muhammad; Schnabel, Robert D.; Taylor, Jeremy F.

    2014-01-01

    The domestication and development of cattle has considerably impacted human societies, but the histories of cattle breeds and populations have been poorly understood especially for African, Asian, and American breeds. Using genotypes from 43,043 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers scored in 1,543 animals, we evaluate the population structure of 134 domesticated bovid breeds. Regardless of the analytical method or sample subset, the three major groups of Asian indicine, Eurasian taurine, and African taurine were consistently observed. Patterns of geographic dispersal resulting from co-migration with humans and exportation are recognizable in phylogenetic networks. All analytical methods reveal patterns of hybridization which occurred after divergence. Using 19 breeds, we map the cline of indicine introgression into Africa. We infer that African taurine possess a large portion of wild African auroch ancestry, causing their divergence from Eurasian taurine. We detect exportation patterns in Asia and identify a cline of Eurasian taurine/indicine hybridization in Asia. We also identify the influence of species other than Bos taurus taurus and B. t. indicus in the formation of Asian breeds. We detect the pronounced influence of Shorthorn cattle in the formation of European breeds. Iberian and Italian cattle possess introgression from African taurine. American Criollo cattle originate from Iberia, and not directly from Africa with African ancestry inherited via Iberian ancestors. Indicine introgression into American cattle occurred in the Americas, and not Europe. We argue that cattle migration, movement and trading followed by admixture have been important forces in shaping modern bovine genomic variation. PMID:24675901

  20. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-dependent production of transformed roots from foliar explants of pepper (Capsicum annuum): a new and efficient tool for functional analysis of genes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aarrouf, J; Castro-Quezada, P; Mallard, S; Caromel, B; Lizzi, Y; Lefebvre, V

    2012-02-01

    Pepper is known to be a recalcitrant species to genetic transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation offers an alternative and rapid possibility to study gene functions in roots. In our study, we developed a new and efficient system for A. rhizogenes transformation of the cultivated species Capsicum annuum. Hypocotyls and foliar organs (true leaves and cotyledons) of Yolo Wonder (YW) and Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334) pepper cultivars were inoculated with the two constructs pBIN-gus and pHKN29-gfp of A. rhizogenes strain A4RS. Foliar explants of both pepper genotypes infected by A4RS-pBIN-gus or A4RS-pHKN29-gfp produced transformed roots. Optimal results were obtained using the combination of the foliar explants with A4RS-pHKN29-gfp. 20.5% of YW foliar explants and 14.6% of CM334 foliar explants inoculated with A4RS-pHKN29-gfp produced at least one root expressing uniform green fluorescent protein. We confirmed by polymerase chain reaction the presence of the rolB and gfp genes in the co-transformed roots ensuring that they integrated both the T-DNA from the Ri plasmid and the reporter gene. We also demonstrated that co-transformed roots of YW and CM334 displayed the same resistance response to Phytophthora capsici than the corresponding untransformed roots. Our novel procedure to produce C. annuum hairy roots will thus support the functional analysis of potential resistance genes involved in pepper P. capsici interaction.

  1. Mapping of a Novel Race Specific Resistance Gene to Phytophthora Root Rot of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Using Bulked Segregant Analysis Combined with Specific Length Amplified Fragment Sequencing Strategy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Xiaomei; Chao, Juan; Cheng, Xueli; Wang, Rui; Sun, Baojuan; Wang, Hengming; Luo, Shaobo; Xu, Xiaowan; Wu, Tingquan; Li, Ying

    2016-01-01

    Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici) is a serious limitation to pepper production in Southern China, with high temperature and humidity. Mapping PRR resistance genes can provide linked DNA markers for breeding PRR resistant varieties by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). Two BC1 populations and an F2 population derived from a cross between P. capsici-resistant accession, Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334) and P. capsici-susceptible accession, New Mexico Capsicum Accession 10399 (NMCA10399) were used to investigate the genetic characteristics of PRR resistance. PRR resistance to isolate Byl4 (race 3) was controlled by a single dominant gene, PhR10, that was mapped to an interval of 16.39Mb at the end of the long arm of chromosome 10. Integration of bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and Specific Length Amplified Fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) provided an efficient genetic mapping strategy. Ten polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were found within this region and used to screen the genotypes of 636 BC1 plants, delimiting PhR10 to a 2.57 Mb interval between markers P52-11-21 (1.5 cM away) and P52-11-41 (1.1 cM). A total of 163 genes were annotated within this region and 31 were predicted to be associated with disease resistance. PhR10 is a novel race specific gene for PRR, and this paper describes linked SSR markers suitable for marker-assisted selection of PRR resistant varieties, also laying a foundation for cloning the resistance gene.

  2. ESTUDIO DE LA MADURACIÓN DE CARNE DE CORDERO EMPLEANDO ELECTROFORESIS SDS-PAGE

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    Gina Torres

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available La maduración de la carne es causadapor reacciones metabólicas que producencambios en su calidad, mejorando las característicasorganolépticas como la terneza,la jugosidad y el color. El presenteestudio tuvo como objetivo encontrarlos cambios producidos en las proteínassarcoplasmáticas y miofibrilares durantela instauración del rigor mortis y lamaduración en carne de cordero semiestabulado(AS y cordero alimentado porpastoreo (AP. Para tal fin se tomaronmuestras del músculo Longissimus dorside corderos de raza Dorper x criollo ¾de diez semanas de edad. Las proteínassarcoplasmáticas se extrajeron con aguay solución salina diluida, y las proteínasmiofibrilares con solución salina concentrada.La cuantificación se hizo por elmétodo de Bradford y la separación porelectroforesis SDS-PAGE.En las proteínas sarcoplasmáticas seobservó la aparición de una banda de146 kDa a los cinco y trece días paralos corderos AS y AP, respectivamente.En las proteínas miofibrilares se encontróevidencia del rigor mortis a las 16h y una intensificación drástica de unabanda de 28 kDa a las 16 h en el corderoAS. Esta banda también se observóen el cordero AP a las 14 h. En todoel proceso se pudo ver la degradacióngradual de la DESMINA, ACTINA YTROPONINA T.

  3. EFECTO DE LA INMERSIÓN DE SEMILLAS DE MAÍZ (Zea mays L. EN AGUA A 100 °C SOBRE LA GERMINACIÓN Y CRECIMIENTO DE PLÁNTULAS BAJO CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO

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    Jesús Rafael Méndez-Natera

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo se realizó con la finalidad de determinar el efecto de la inmersión en agua (100 °C sobre la germinación de semillas y crecimiento de plántulas de tres cultivares de maíz bajo condiciones de laboratorio. El experimento se realizó en el Laboratorio de Semillas del Postgrado de Agricultura Tropical en Juanico, Maturín, Venezuela. El diseño estadístico utilizado fue el de bloques al azar con arreglo factorial (distribuido en cuatro bloques, un factor estuvo constituido por cinco tiempos de inmersión en agua a 100 °C (0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 segundos y el otro por tres cultivares de maíz (Cargill 633, Himeca 2003 y Criollo. El tiempo de inmersión en agua que causó mayor deterioro y reducción de la germinación en las semillas de maíz fue el de 8 segundos. En general, las variables evaluadas presentaron una disminución a medida que aumentaban los tiempos de inmersión en agua a 100 °C, aunque el efecto causado sobre las variables: altura de plántulas, número de hojas por plántulas y peso seco de la radícula de los cultivares Cargill 633 e Himeca 2003 fue leve. La inmersión de las semillas en agua caliente durante breves periodos de tiempo fue para determinar su calidad.

  4. Presentación de nuestro Volumen 6, Número 11 “Lenguas y relaciones de poder"

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    Rolando Blas Sánchez

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available En el mundo se estima que hay alrededor de 7000 lenguas. De ellas, sólo algunas tienen el estatus de ser lenguas oficiales y otras, además, son lenguas internacionales. Muchas veces, el estatus de éstas está ligado a factores económicos o políticos. En otros casos, se debe a la herencia colonizadora. Aquellas lenguas que no gozan de un estatus alto, terminan por tener espacios limitados para su uso o por perecer si dejan de transmitirse a las generaciones subsecuentes de hablantes. Este fenómeno se da en todas las latitudes del mundo. En el caso particular de Nuestra América, podemos encontrar esta problemática con las lenguas indígenas y, aunque menos visible, pero con la misma importancia, con las lenguas criollas. Para los lectores de nuestra revista, en el Volumen 11 de esta publicación, presentamos una discusión variada sobre algunas prácticas de las lenguas y sus interacciones con otras. Hay estudios históricos sobre el poder subversivo y de resistencia de las lenguas indígenas, propuestas pedagógicas para mantenerlas y revitalizarlas, planteamientos estratégicos de descolonización del pensamiento y conocimiento, análisis de la relación entre lengua, poder e identidad, y reflexiones sobre la situación de otras lenguas que coexisten en ámbitos plurilingües como el criollo y las dificultades y prejuicios a los que se enfrentan por no tener un estatus alto.

  5. Mapping of a Novel Race Specific Resistance Gene to Phytophthora Root Rot of Pepper (Capsicum annuum Using Bulked Segregant Analysis Combined with Specific Length Amplified Fragment Sequencing Strategy.

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    Xiaomei Xu

    Full Text Available Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici is a serious limitation to pepper production in Southern China, with high temperature and humidity. Mapping PRR resistance genes can provide linked DNA markers for breeding PRR resistant varieties by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS. Two BC1 populations and an F2 population derived from a cross between P. capsici-resistant accession, Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334 and P. capsici-susceptible accession, New Mexico Capsicum Accession 10399 (NMCA10399 were used to investigate the genetic characteristics of PRR resistance. PRR resistance to isolate Byl4 (race 3 was controlled by a single dominant gene, PhR10, that was mapped to an interval of 16.39Mb at the end of the long arm of chromosome 10. Integration of bulked segregant analysis (BSA and Specific Length Amplified Fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq provided an efficient genetic mapping strategy. Ten polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR markers were found within this region and used to screen the genotypes of 636 BC1 plants, delimiting PhR10 to a 2.57 Mb interval between markers P52-11-21 (1.5 cM away and P52-11-41 (1.1 cM. A total of 163 genes were annotated within this region and 31 were predicted to be associated with disease resistance. PhR10 is a novel race specific gene for PRR, and this paper describes linked SSR markers suitable for marker-assisted selection of PRR resistant varieties, also laying a foundation for cloning the resistance gene.

  6. Fútbol y patria: el fútbol y (la invención de las narrativas nacionales en la Argentina del siglo XX

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    Pablo Alabarces

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Mi presentación resume la investigación que desembocara en mi libro Fútbol y Patria. En ella, rastreé y analicé las relaciones entre los discursos vinculados al fútbol (en el periodismo gráfico, pero también en el cine, la televisión y la narrativa ficcional y los argumentos sobre la Nación a lo largo del siglo XX, en un arco que comienza en el momento de invención de un "fútbol criollo" (los años 20, contemporáneamente a los textos nacionalistas de los intelectuales oficiales, como Lugones o Rojas y culmina con el Campeonato Mundial de 2002, a su vez contemporáneo con la crisis argentina iniciada en diciembre de 2001. A lo largo del siglo, esas relaciones son cambiantes: desde la complementariedad subalterna de los relatos futbolísticos en los años 20 hasta la centralidad que adquieren durante el "ciclo maradoniano" (1978-1994, las posibilidades son variadas y objeto de mi análisis. Mi hipótesis es que en momentos de politización fuerte de los debates sobre lo nacional, la centralidad de las narrativas futbolísticas decrece, hasta transformarse en pura mercancía mediática (o presunto argumento de ventas. Pero que en momentos de crisis de los relatos modernos de identidad, la importancia de las narrativas futbolísticas crece de manera importante, excediendo incluso el mundo masculino donde originalmente se despliegan.

  7. DISPONIBILIDAD DE RAÍCES ADVENTICIAS DE TRES ESPECIES SILVESTRES COSECHADAS PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE ARTESANÍAS EN SANTA ELENA, ANTIOQUIA (COLOMBIA

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    ANA MARÍA BENAVIDES

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En los Andes colombianos, un gran número de artesanías se fabrican a partir de raíces adventicias de plantas nativas que crecen de forma silvestre. Sin embargo, la deforestación y las prácticas no sustentables han diezmado la disponibilidad de plantas silvestres productoras de fibra. En este estudio evaluamos la disponibilidad de fibras de tres especies en Santa Elena (Antioquia, Colombia: Asplundia sarmentosa, Philodendron aff. sagittifolium y Clusia multiflora. Después de una búsqueda exhaustiva en la zona de estudio ubicamos menos de 30 individuos adultos de cada especie. Para cada planta se midieron las variables asociadas al tamaño de la planta y se registró el número y la longitud de raíces maduras e inmaduras. Se pesaron fragmentos de raíces para estimar la biomasa. El crecimiento de raíces de cada planta fue monitoreado mensualmente durante siete meses. La disponibilidad actual de fibra (raíces maduras es de ca. 3 352 m (Asplundia 1 481 m, Clusia de 952 m, Philodendron 918 m, con esta cantidad de material se pueden elaborar entre 419 a 838 canastos. De acuerdo a la tasa de crecimiento mensual, una nueva raíz podría alcanzar un tamaño para ser cosechado entre el mes 38 y 71. Plantas más grandes tienen mayor cantidad de raíces maduras, sin embargo, la tasa de crecimiento no está asociada al tamaño de la planta. Nuestros resultados proveen evidencia de que las plantas en Santa Elena presentan una relación (tamaño de la planta, número de raíces maduras que es similar a plantas que se encuentran en zonas no intervenidas, no obstante, la cosecha de fibras en Santa Elena no es una actividad sostenible debido al bajo número de individuos susceptibles de ser cosechados, la lenta tasa de crecimiento de raíces y la alta demanda de fibras. Es necesario implementar estrategias como el enriquecimiento del bosque con estas tres especies para garantizar una actividad sustentable para recolectores y artesanos en Santa Elena y

  8. Morphofunctional diversity of equine of varied genetic compositions raised in the Pantanal biome of Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Rezende, Marcos Paulo Gonçalves; de Souza, Julio Cesar; Carneiro, Paulo Luiz Souza; Bozzi, Riccardo; Jardim, Rodrigo Jose Delgado; Malhado, Carlos Henrique Mendes

    2018-06-01

    Evaluating phenotypic diversity makes it possible to identify discrepancies in aptitudes among animals of different genetic bases, which is an indicator of adaptive or selective differences between populations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphofunctional diversity of 452 male and female adult equines (Arabian, Quarter Mile, Pantaneiro, and Criollo breeds, and undefined crossbreeds of horses and mules) raised in the Pantanal biome (Brazil). Linear measurements were performed to estimate conformation indexes. Initially, a discriminant analysis was performed, regardless of the animal's size, followed by factor analysis. The factors were characterized and used as new variables. The diversity among equines and their relationship with the factors were evaluated using multivariate analysis. The factors were classified according to their decreasing importance: balance, rusticity, and robustness for the measurement factors; and load, ability, conformation, and equilibrium for the index factors. The genetic groups of equines have well-defined morphofunctional characteristics. The main differences are based on the rusticity and ability typologies in relation to those based on performance. Equines introduced to the Pantanal biome presented a more robust and compact body with good conformation. As a result, these horses may have superior athletic performance during equestrian activities when compared to the Pantaneiro local breed. However, this biotype may represent less rusticity (less adaptive capacity). Therefore, the regional breed can be equal or better in equestrian activities than breeds introduced to the Pantanal biome. Thus, breeders may cross horses from local breeds as an alternative to those introduced. Undefined crossbred male equines presented a different profile from the Pantaneiro breed, which may indicate little use of crossbreeds in breeding.

  9. Comparing different maize supplementation strategies to improve resilience and resistance against gastrointestinal nematode infections in browsing goats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gárate-Gallardo, Leslie; Torres-Acosta, Juan Felipe de Jesús; Aguilar-Caballero, Armando Jacinto; Sandoval-Castro, Carlos Alfredo; Cámara-Sarmiento, Ramón; Canul-Ku, Hilda Lorena

    2015-01-01

    The effect of maize grain supplementation on the resilience and resistance of browsing Criollo goat kids against gastrointestinal nematodes was evaluated. Five-month-old kids (n = 42), raised worm-free, were allocated to five groups: infected + not supplemented (I-NS; n = 10), infected + maize supplement at 108 g/d (I-S108; n = 8), maize supplement at 1% of body weight (BW) (I-S1%; n = 8), maize supplement at 1.5% BW (I-S1.5%; n = 8), or infected + supplemented (maize supplement 1.5% BW) + moxidectin (0.2 mg/kg BW subcutaneously every 28 d) (T-S1.5%; n = 8). Kids browsed daily (7 h) in a tropical forest for 112 days during the rainy season. Kids were weighed weekly to adjust supplementary feeding. Hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), and eggs per gram of feces were determined fortnightly. On day 112, five goat kids were slaughtered per group to determine worm burdens. Kids of the I-S1.5% group showed similar body-weight change, Ht and Hb, compared to kids without gastrointestinal nematodes (T-S1.5%), as well as lower eggs per gram of feces and Trichostrongylus colubriformis worm burden compared to the I-NS group (P > 0.05). Thus, among the supplement levels tested, increasing maize supplementation at 1.5% BW of kids was the best strategy to improve their resilience and resistance against natural gastrointestinal nematode infections under the conditions of forage from the tropical forest. © L. Gárate-Gallardo et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2015.

  10. Construction of 2 intraspecific linkage maps and identification of resistance QTLs for Phytophthora capsici root-rot and foliar-blight diseases of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ogundiwin, Ebenezer A; Berke, Terry F; Massoudi, Mark; Black, Lowell L; Huestis, Gordon; Choi, Doil; Lee, Sanghyeob; Prince, James P

    2005-08-01

    Two linkage maps of pepper were constructed and used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Inoculations were done with 7 isolates: 3 from Taiwan, 3 from California, and 1 from New Mexico. The first map was constructed from a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the PSP-11 (susceptible) x PI201234 (resistant) cross; and the second map was from a set of F(2) lines of the Joe E. Parker' (susceptible) x 'Criollo de Morelos 334' (resistant) cross. The RIL map covered 1466.1 cM of the pepper genome, and it consisted of 144 markers -- 91 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), 34 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), 15 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 1 sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and 3 morphological markers -- distributed over 17 linkage groups. The morphological markers mapped on this population were erect fruit habit (up), elongated fruit shape (fs(e)), and fasciculate fruit clusters (fa). The F(2) map consisted of 113 markers (51 AFLPs, 45 RAPDs, 14 SSRs, and 3 SCARs) distributed in 16 linkage groups, covering a total of 1089.2 cM of the pepper genome. Resistance to both root rot and foliar blight were evaluated in the RIL population using the 3 Taiwan isolates; the remaining isolates were used for the root-rot test only. Sixteen chromosomal regions of the RIL map contained single QTLs or clusters of resistance QTLs that had an effect on root rot and (or) foliar blight, revealing a complex set of genetics involved in resistance to P. capsici. Five QTLs were detected in the F(2) map that had an effect on resistance to root rot.

  11. Efectividad de cepas rizobianas nativas de sabana en Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp. cv. C4A-3

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    Juliana Mayz

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en inglés: Effectiveness of savannah native rhizobial strains in Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp. cv. C4A-3 Resumen Se estima que la población mundial se incrementará y demandará mayor cantidad de alimentos y uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados. En Venezuela, el frijol es altamente consumido y se cultiva en las sabanas orientales, cuyas características edáficas pueden afectar negativamente la población rizobiana. Estos planteamientos refuerzan la importancia de la evaluación de la flora rizobiana nativa, y enfatizan la necesidad de aumentar la explotación de la fijación biológica de nitrógeno. En este contexto, se evaluaron 6 cepas rizobianas en el cultivar C4A-3, aisladas, de frijol cv. Tejero Criollo y previamente catalogadas como efectivas (JV91, JV94 y JV101 e inefectivas (JV99, JV103, y JV104 en el cultivar TC9-6. El experimento se llevó a cabo en umbráculo por 45 días, donde además se incluyeron dos tratamientos control no inoculados. La suspensión de las cepas individualmente cultivadas se usó para inoculación. De acuerdo con la tipología de la nodulación (número de nódulos, peso total y por nódulo, tamaño y color, los valores de los parámetros de crecimiento (peso seco, altura y número de hojas del vástago y los estimados de la concentración de nitrógeno y nitrógeno total, las cepas JV91, JV99 y JV101, fueron las más efectivas en la fijación de nitrógeno. El nitrógeno total y la concentración de nitrógeno tuvieron una correlación significativa con peso seco, altura y número de hojas del vástago. Los resultados muestran la existencia de cepas efectivas en los suelos de sabana para este cultivar, y enfatizan la importancia de evaluar las cepas indígenas, antes de proceder a la inoculación con foráneas. Palabras clave: Rhizobium; frijol; fijación de nitrógeno; Venezuela. Abstract It is estimated that world-wide population will increase and demand higher amount of food and use of nitrogen

  12. EFFECT OF TWO PROTOCOLS OF CRYOPRESERVATION ON FERTILIZING CAPACITY OF STALLION (Equus caballus SEMEN EFECTO DE DOS PROTOCOLOS DE CRIOPRESERVACIÓN SOBRE LA CAPACIDAD FECUNDANTE DE SEMEN EQUINO (Equus caballus

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    Giovanni Restrepo Betancur

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract. Semen cryopreservation is a fundamental process for the development of biotechnologies for assisted reproduction in horses. The use of cryopreservation techniques with changes in concentrations and the nature of the cryoprotectant, as well as, the different types of vials for storage of semen, have become an alternative to improve the protocols used. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two protocols of cryopreservation (freezing and vitrification on the fertilizing capacity of stallion semen. The study was conducted with horses of the Criollo Colombiano breed. For freezing was used a extender supplemented with egg yolk (4% and dimethyl formamide (5%, and 0.5 mL straws as vials, whereas for vitrification, the extender was supplemented with egg yolk (8% and dimethyl formamide (8%, and cryovials were used as carriers. As post thaw parameters were evaluated: progressive motility, vitality, normal morphology and integrity of the plasma membrane through the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOS. For statistical evaluation was fitted a generalized linear model (GLM and means were compared by the Tukey test. Were found average percentages of progressive motility, vitality, normal morphology and HOS of 41.6 ± 11.8 and 37 ± 8.5, 54.3 ± 10.2 and 52.3 ± 7.8, 83.1 ± 5.4 and 83.6 ± 5.8, 41.7 ± 9.8 and 38.9 ± 3.6, for cryopreserved semen by freezing and vitrification, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05 between treatments for any of the parameters evaluated. The fertilizing capacity of equine semen cryopreserved by vitrification is comparable to that obtained by conventional freezing.Resumen. La criopreservación de semen es un proceso fundamental en el desarrollo de biotecnologías para la reproducción asistida en equinos. El uso de diferentes técnicas de criopreservación con cambios en las concentraciones y la naturaleza de los crioprotectores, así como en los diferentes tipos de

  13. The historical setting of Latin American bioethics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gracia, D

    1996-12-01

    The historical stages through which Latin American society has passed are at least four: the first, dominated by a particular sort of ethic I have termed the "ethic of the gift;" then the period of conquest, in which the prevalent ethic was one of war and subjection by force, which I call the "ethic of despotism;" followed by the colonial age, in which a new ethical model of "paternalism" emerged; and finally the stage of the "ethic of autonomy," which began with the independence movements of the 18th and 19th centuries and is far from ended. Independence was won by the criollos from European domination with very little participation by the Indian population. The latter was left out of the democratic process and saw itself relegated to a worse situation than in the centuries of colonial rule, for it was no longer protected by the paternalism of the Laws of the Indies of 1542. This is the reason for the division of the Latin American society of the last century into two quite different social strata: one bourgeois, which has assimilated the liberal revolution, and enjoys a health care quite similar to that available in any other Western country and hence faces the same bioethical problems as any developed Western society; the other a very poor stratum, without any economic or social power and hence unable to exercise its civil rights, such as the rights to life and to humane treatment. In this population sector; which is numerically the larger, the major bioethical problems are those of justice and the distribution of scarce resources. The study of Latin American medical ethics can earn for these subjects, whose deplorable condition has been essentially ignored in the bioethics of the first-world countries, the importance they merit.

  14. A propósito de una tesis doctoral sobre el “patuá de Güiria”, Venezuela; Sobre uma tese de doutorado sobre o "patuá de Güiria", Venezuela; On a doctoral thesis about “patuá de Güiria”, Venezuela

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    Esteban Emilio Mosonyi

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: A partir de un hecho académico, la defensa de una tesis de doctorado, se presentan una serie de reflexiones sobre la situación del patuá de Güiria y su estatus de lengua minorizada. Se plantea que si bien en los tiempos actuales la diversidad lingüística comienza a ser valorada, existen pocas políticas públicas que ayuden a fortalecerlas, así como imaginarios sociales y lingüísticos que reproducen una idea equivoca de lo criollo. Palabras clave: patuá, sociodiversidad, linguodiversidad, criollidad.   Resumo: Do ponto de vista acadêmico, são apresentadas a defesa de uma tese de doutorado, uma série de reflexões sobre a situação de Patuá de Güiria e seu status de língua minoritária. Argumenta-se que, embora nos tempos modernos a diversidade linguística esteja começando a ser valorizada, existem poucas políticas públicas que ajudam a fortalecê-las, bem como imaginários sociais e linguísticos que reproduzem uma idéia equivocada do crioulo. Palavras-chave: patuá, sociodiversidade, linguodiversidade, criollidade.   Abstract: Resulting from an academic event, the defense of a PhD thesis, a series of reflections on the situation of Patuá de Güiria and its status as a minority language are presented. It is argued that although in modern times linguistic diversity is beginning to be valued, there are few public policies that help to strengthen it. In addition, it is pointed out that there exist social and linguistic imaginaries that reproduce a mistaken idea of the Creole. Key words: patois, social diversity, language diversity, creolity.

  15. Imágenes y sonidos del Wall Mapu. El proyecto de descolonización del universo visual y sonoro del Pueblo Mapuche

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    Elisa García Mingo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La historia del vídeo indígena y de las radios indígenas en el Abya Yala (América Latina es una historia de descolonización de la palabra y la imagen. La propuesta de descolonización mediática que han elevado los pueblos indígenas del Abya Yala, basada en la producción de textos verbo-audio-visuales desde su propia cosmovisión y proponiendo nuevos lenguajes visuales, nos permiten (repensar sobre las nuevas (y antiguas formas de ver y las identidades visuales divergentes. A su vez, las radios indígenas han permitido a las comunidades crear un espacio para elevar la voz colectiva y proyectarla en el radioespectro creando paisajes sonoros descolonizados mediante nuevos (y antiguos lenguajes sonoros que se adecuan a una formas de escuchar propias de su cosmovisión y que permiten revisar la matriz epistémica que ha conformado la mirada y el oído occidental, que en muchas ocasiones han constituido una mirada colonial y colonizadora sobre los Pueblos Indígenas. En las dos últimas décadas, el Pueblo Mapuche ha creado proyectos mediáticos que han producido una interferencia en un “mediasfera” (Appadurai, 1995 colonizado que estaba monopolizado por los estados criollos que han construido la memoria de los nuevos estados sobre una identidad no indígena. Este artículo contempla la dimensión política de estos proyectos, ya que la producción audiovisual tiene demostrada capacidad para empoderar a los sujetos subalternizados y permitirles desafiar la violencia de la representación que han experimentado.

  16. Dinámica de la economía agroexportadora de Zulia con la explotación petrolera en Venezuela (1914-1935

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    Nilda Bermúdez Briñez

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available El artículo aborda el proceso histórico del circuito agroexportador marabino en el occidente de Venezuela, y su fortalecimiento durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX generado por la incorporación de la explotación petrolera que dinamizó el comercio de la región, debilitado en la última etapa de la década de 1890. Durante esta coyuntura, la nueva actividad minera actuó como elemento dinamizador del centro mercantil lacustre debido al incremento de los negocios de criollos y extranjeros que lograron reactivar el comercio de importación de bienes y servicios al acentuarse la demanda local. El método histórico permitió la identificación de los factores que intervinieron en la reactivación económica y la explicación del proceso de reacomodo que se dio en el circuito, a través de la información que aportaron las diversas fuentes analizadas.The article pretends to approach the historical process of the Maracaibo's agricultural exporting circuit during the first decades of XX century and its strengthening generated by the incorporation of the petroleum exploitation that stirred the Zulia's trade debilitated in the last stage of the nineties. During this conjuncture, the new mining activity acted as a revitalizing and of integration element of the lacustrine mercantile center due to the increase of the business of creoles and foreigners who managed to reactivate the trade of import on having invested the capitals in goods and services with local, regional and international demand. In the investigation it was used the historical method that allowed the identification of the factors that intervened in the process of rearrangement that was given in the circuit across the information that the diverse analyzed sources contributed.

  17. El acceso a los cargos de gobierno de la audiencia de Quito (1701-1750

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    Sanz Tapia, Ángel

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Study oft the designations of the posts of government (“presidencias”, “gobiernos”, ”alcaldías Mayores” y “corregimientos” in the “Audiencia” of Quito and its connection with the way to get them (by a service given, by a merit, by money…. The appointments were effected from Madrid during the first half of the 18th century. Analysis in detail of the posts and of the amounts of money that were paid as a benefit in order to get the post as well as some references to the same circumstances in the High Court at the end of the rign of Carlos II (1674-1700. Location of the designated personages, information about the dedication to their work and about their social standing. In conclusion: Two in three offices were got by money; the number of creoles in the Spanish - American governments increased in relation to the previous stage.

    Estudio de las provisiones de cargos de gobierno (presidencias audienciales, gobernaciones, alcaldías mayores y corregimientos de la audiencia de Quito efectuadas desde Madrid en relación con su modo de acceso (por méritos, por dinero, etc., durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII. Análisis detallado de los cargos, cuantías abonadas por concepto de “beneficio”, y referencias a las mismas circunstancias de la audiencia en la etapa final de Carlos II (1674-1700. Localización de los personajes provistos y referencias sobre dedicación y categoría social. Conclusiones: 2 de cada 3 oficios se consiguieron mediante donativo pecuniario; hay un aumento del número de criollos en los cargos de gobierno indianos analizados en relación con la etapa precedente.

  18. Velázquez en el Purgatorio: los días y los trabajos de un científico en California

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    Bernabéu Albert, Salvador

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available While the Creole scientist, Velázquez de León, was pursuing the projects of a visitor from Malaga, José de Gálvez, he absented himself from the University of Mexico and spent two years in the distant peninsula of California. The study of this little-known episode in his life shows us the diversity and complexity of social relations in one of the most remote places in the colony. Velázquez failed in his attempts to improve local mining and in his efforts as right-hand man to the visitor, but he wrote several very interesting descriptions and helped to measure the Transit of Venus from his residence in Santa Ana. His fondness for cards, parties and women will help to show the human side of a figure who is too often typecast in laboratories, chapels and respectable learned institutions.

    Siguiendo los proyectos del visitador malagueño José de Gálvez, el científico criollo Velázquez de León se ausentó de la Universidad de México y pasó dos años en la lejana península de California. El estudio de este episodio poco conocido de su vida nos revela la diversidad y complejidad de las relaciones sociales en uno de los lugares más remotos de la colonia. Velázquez fracasó en sus intentos por mejorar la minería local y en sus medidas como lugarteniente del visitador, pero escribió varias descripciones de gran interés y ayudó a medir el Paso de Venus desde su residencia de Santa Ana. Su afición a las cartas, a las fiestas y a las mujeres servirá para humanizar una figura demasiado encasillada en laboratorios, oratorios y respetables instituciones ilustradas.

  19. Los estudios de Botánica en los planes ilustrados del Virreinato de la Nueva Granada

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    Arboleda, Luis Carlos

    1995-12-01

    Full Text Available During the kingdoms of the New Granada, the first plan of teaching wich was presented by the botanical departament was made during the Viceroy Caballero y Góngora (1787. Later, beginning in the 19th century, during the political and ideological repression in the universities, the plans of the Baron Carondelet (1800 were presented with the idea of the creation of the Botanical Department in the University of Quito, and the creole Eloy Valenzuela presented the teaching of botanical studies in the course of study of Philosophy in the College-University of Mompox in 1806. He carried out a model of Botanical Expedition to realize in the Villa of Mompox. This was include in the General Laws in the College-University of Mompox. This plans no weren't aproval by controversy and administrative procedures. Only, the Plan of Valenzuela had partial aplication.

    En el virreinato de la Nueva Granada, el primer plan ilustrado de enseñanza que propuso la cátedra de Botánica fue el del virrey Caballero y Góngora (1787. Posteriormente, en los albores del Siglo XIX y ya en la etapa de represión política e ideológica en las universidades, se presentaron los planes del Barón de Carondelet (1800, que planteó la cátedra de Botánica para la Universidad quiteña, y el criollo Eloy Valenzuela presentó la enseñanza de la Botánica dentro del plan de estudios de Filosofía para el Colegio-Universidad de Mompox en 1806 y en las Constituciones del mismo Colegio desarrolló un modelo de Expedición Botánica para realizar en la Villa de Mompox.

  20. El injerto en tomate (Solanum licopersicum Mill. alternativa al cambio climático

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    Santiago Maradiaga

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available En la actualidad la producción de hortalizas a campo abierto en Honduras se ha vuelto difícil para poder concluir el ciclo vegetativo por las inclemencias del cambio climático que en la mayoría de las áreas con potencial para establecer esto cultivos sobre todo las solanáceas y cucurbitáceas son afectados por enfermedades de origen telúrico. Estos organismos causan considerables pérdidas en los rendimientos. El injerto herbáceo es una práctica cultural que confiere a las plantas una mayor tolerancia frente a los factores abióticos (temperatura, salinidad, estrés hídrico, etc.. En la Universidad Nacional de Agricultura se ha venido investigando con esta técnica a cieloabierto con resultados aceptables sin desmejorar los rendimientos y calidad. Se evaluó el comportamiento de dos portainjertos criollos en tomate con dos variedades de uso común en los productores Pony y Belfas donde los tratamientos fueron T1 (Cherry/Pony, T2 (Cherry/Belfast, T3 (Belfast/Pony, T4 (Pony y T5 (Belfast. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, las variables evaluadas fueron: Porcentaje de pegue,compatibilidad, altura de planta, días a floración, diámetro de tallo, calibres de fruto, grados brix en el fruto, biomasafresca de la raíz, numero de frutos por planta y rendimiento. Los resultados obtenidos para todas las variables muestra que las plantas injertadas mostraron mayores valores que las no injertadas, resaltando rendimiento donde el T1 reporto 60 ton/ha en relación al testigo 40 ton/ha.

  1. Las industrias azucarera y petrolera en el Zulia: formas de ocupación territorial (1913-1935

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    Nilda Bermúdez Briñez

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental explicar las distintas formas de apropiación y ocupación de las tierras ubicadas al este y al sur del estado Zulia, situado al occidente de Venezuela, en donde los capitales criollos y extranjeros representados en compañías anónimas invirtieron recursos económicos con la finalidad de instalar las industrias azucareras y petroleras que monopolizaron en poco tiempo extensos territorios para la exploración y explotación de la caña de azúcar y del petróleo. Ambos procesos cabalgaron en diferentes ritmos históricos, con desiguales actores sociales pero en tiempos análogos. La industrialización de estos rubros requirió de amplios espacios que adquirieron y modificaron los líderes de las corporaciones en la medida que lograban comprar, traspasar, negociar, contratar, desalojar y hasta expropiar tierras, casas, animales, fundos, hatos, haciendas o labores agrícolas privadas y públicas, apoyados en la legislación de la época, en sus relaciones con la municipalidad y con el gobierno del general Juan Vicente Gómez. La libertad y el respaldo que gozaron los socios de ambas empresas los llevó a transformar la infraestructura tradicional y adecuarla a las exigencias de las corporaciones que se consolidaban: por primera vez en el país, se instalaron novedosos equipos y maquinarias manejados con tecnologías modernas que requirió de un personal competente y de mano de obra abundante. En este trabajo se utilizó el método histórico como herramienta científica para el abordaje y  análisis del tema.

  2. CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y CALIDAD POST-DESCONGELACIÓN DEL SEMEN EQUINO CRIOPRESERVADO CON QUERCETINA Y ERGOTIONEINA

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    G. Restrepo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante y la calidad post-descongelación del semen equinocriopreservado con quercetina y ergotioneina. Nueve eyaculados provenientes de trescaballos criollos colombianos se criopreservaron bajo tres tratamientos: ergotioneina (100μM, quercetina (100 μM y control (sin antioxidante. Posteriormente a la descongelaciónse evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: la capacidad antioxidante total (CAT delsemen mediante el ensayo del ácido 2,2´-azino-bis-[3-etilbenzotiazolina]-6-sulfónico(ABTS•+; la movilid ad total (MT; la movilidad progresiva (MP; la hiperactividad(HA y las velocidades curvilínea (VCL, lineal (VSL y media (VA P mediante el sistemacomputarizado SCA®; además, la integridad estructural de la membrana y la integridadacrosómica por microscopia de fluorescencia mediante las sondas SYBR/IP y FITC/PNA , respectivamente; la morfología mediante la tinción eosina-nigrosina y la integridadfuncional de membrana a través de la prueba hipoosmótica (HOS. Se realizó el ajustede modelos lineales generalizados (GLM y la comparación de medias por Tukey. LaCAT (μmol trolox/ml del semen descongelado fue superior para la ergotioneina (4,0 ±0,3 y la quercetina (3,9 ± 0,4, respecto del control (2,6 ± 1,5. Para la MT se encontróuna media superior para la ergotioneina (70,3 ± 11,2 %, respecto a la quercetina (63± 10,5 % y al control (66,1 ± 11,2 % (P < 0,05. Para MP, HA, VCL, VSL y VA P, eltratamiento control presentó valores superiores a los tratamientos con antioxidantes (P< 0,05. Se concluye que la ergotioneina y la quercetina incrementan la CAT e influyensobre la movilidad y la cinética post-descongelación del semen equino.

  3. Estudio del perfil lipídico canino por edad y sexo

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    José Henry Osorio

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se propone comparar el perfil lipídico en caninos criollos o sus cruces en el departamento de Caldas, Colombia, y analizar la correlación entre las cantidades lipídicas del suero de seis grupos. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de 156 caninos en estado de ayuno, diferenciados por sexo y edad (32 machos y 34 hembras menores de un año, y 42 machos adultos y 48 hembras mayores de un año; se determinaron triglicéridos, colesterol total y el colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad mediante el método enzimático colorimétrico. El colesterol de las lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad y de baja densidad se determinó usando las fórmulas de Friedewald. Las medias ± desviación estándar para colesterol total, triglicéridos y colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta, muy baja y baja densidad en mg/dL fueron de: 214,91 ± 75,3; 50,01 ± 42,5; 133,73 ± 40,11; 10, 00 ± 8,51; 71,17 ± 57,12 respectivamente. Para el resto de los grupos, los triglicéridos, el colesterol VLDL y el colesterol LDL no fueron significativos (p ≥ 0,05. El colesterol HDL en los caninos jóvenes y adultos presentó un valor de 0,0377 en el valor p del test F, que mostró diferencia significativa (p < 0,05. En los resultados mostrados por los caninos jóvenes, especialmente los machos, se observa que estos presentan un colesterol total y un colesterol HDL más altos si se compara con los adultos.

  4. Detección del virus de la leucosis bovina en ganado criollo colombiano mediante PCR-anidado Bovine leukemia virus detection in Creole Colombian breeds using nested-PCR

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    Darwin Yovanny Hernández-Herrera

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la presencia del virus de la leucosis bovina (VLB en 360 muestras de ADN de ocho razas bovinas criollas: Blanco Orejinegro (BON, Casanareño (CAS, Costeño con Cuernos (CCC, Chino Santandereano (ChS, Caqueteño (CQT, Hartón del Valle (HV, Romosinuano (RS y San Martinero (SM, dos Razas Sintéticas Colombianas: Lucerna (LUC y Velásquez (VEL y dos razas foráneas: Brahmán (B y Holstein (H. Para la detección del pro-virus se amplificó una región del gen env viral, mediante PCR anidada. La presencia del VLB fue mayor en la raza HV seguido por ChS (83.3% y 60% respectivamente, VEL y LUC tuvieron el mismo porcentaje (50%, en CAS, CCC y CQT la presencia del virus fue de 26.7%, 23.3% y 16.7% respectivamente; no se encontró el virus en BON, SM y RS. En las razas foráneas la presencia fue de 83.3% para H y 6.7% para B. Se encontró dependencia altamente significativa entre la presencia del VLB y la raza, el sexo y región de origen de la muestra. El promedio de presencia en las razas criollas fue menor que en las foráneas, menor en los machos que en las hembras y en la región norte que en el suroccidente y el centro del país.Using 360 DNA samples from eight Creole bovine breeds Blanco Orejinegro (BON, Casanareño (CAS, Costeño con Cuernos (CCC, Chino Santandereano (ChS, Caqueteño (CQT, Hartón del Valle (HV, Romosinuano (RS and San Martinero (SM, two synthetic Colombian breeds: Lucerna (LUC and Velásquez (VEL and two introduced breeds Brahmán (B and Holstein (H; the presence of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV was evaluated through the amplification of a viral gene region env (provirus detection - nested-PCR. The percentage of presence and independence test were calculated (X². Presence of BLV was higher in HV breed, followed by ChS (83.3% and 60% respectively; VEL and LUC breeds showed the same percentage (50%. In CAS, CCC and CQT the presence of virus was 26.7%, 23.3% y 16.7% respectively. On the other hand, no virus presence was found in BON, SM and RS. For the introduced breeds the presence of virus was 83.3% for H and 6.7% for B. The average of presence for Creole bovine breeds was lower than introduced breeds. A high and significant dependence was found between the presence of BLV with breed, sex and sampling places. The presence was lower in males than in females and in the northern part than the southwestern and central areas of the country.

  5. Caracterização genética da raça bovina Crioulo Lageano por marcadores moleculares RAPD Genetic characterization of Criollo Lageano cattle by RAPD markers

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    Álvaro Spritze

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização genética da raça bovina Crioulo Lageano por marcadores RAPD em comparação com as raças Holandesa e Nelore. Foram selecionados 43 primers, que geraram 77 bandas polimórficas. Os animais foram distribuídos em cinco subgrupos de Crioulo Lageano (I a V, e um subgrupo em cada uma das raças Holandesa (VI e Nelore (VII. A maior parte da variância genética total (65,05% foi causada pela diferença de indivíduos dentro dos grupos, e o restante pelas diferenças entre grupos. A análise conjunta dos grupos I a V apresentou variabilidade genética entre grupos de 25,28% e dentro dos grupos de 74,72%. A diversidade gênica vem se mantendo ao longo das gerações no núcleo de conservação do Crioulo Lageano. A raça Holandesa apresentou a menor diversidade gênica (0,1204, e a Crioulo Lageano a maior (0,3154. A maior distância genética (0,3747 foi entre as raças Nelore e Holandesa. Os grupos de Crioulo Lageano apresentaram diferenças entre si e apenas alguns indivíduos de cada grupo posicionaram-se junto a outros grupos. A técnica RAPD é capaz de estimar a distância genética entre raças ou populações e de auxiliar na escolha de indivíduos, visando aos trabalhos de conservação de recursos genéticos.The objective of this study was to characterize genetically the Crioulo Lageano cattle breed, using RAPD markers and compare it to the Holstein and Nelore breeds. Forty three primers were selected, and they generated 77 polymorphic bands. Seven groups were studied: 5 subgroups of Crioulo Lageano (I to V and one each Holstein (VI and Nellore (VII. Using all groups, the greater part of the genetic variance (65.05% was due to differences within groups and the rest due to differences between groups. Using five Crioulo Lageano groups (I to V the results showed 25.28% variation between groups and 74.72% within groups. Genetic diversity has been maintained throughout the generations in this conservation nucleus. The Holstein breed presented the lowest genetic diversity (0.1204 while the Crioulo Lageano herd presented the highest (0.3154. The observed genetic differences were highest between Nellore and Holstein breeds (0.3747, as expected. In general, the Crioulo Lageano groups formed distinct groups and only a few animals from one group were positioned within another group. The RAPD marker technique is adequate to estimate genetic distances between breeds and populations, as well as for use in the choice of individuals for breeding within populations, for conservation of genetic resources.

  6. Intensificación de la circulación atmosférica meridional en la región subtropical de América del sur inferida a partir de registros dendroclimatológicos

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    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available RENFORCEMENT DE LA CIRCULATION ATMOSPHERIQUE MERIDIONALE D’AMERIQUE DU SUD DEDUITE DE DONNEES DENDROCLIMATOLOGIQUES. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de montrer comment on peut utiliser la dendroclimatologie pour caractériser les variations climatiques qui ont affecté ces deux derniers siècles la région subtropicale de montagne de l’Amérique du Sud. Nous avons utilisé des chroniques de largeur d’anneaux de croissance obtenues sur du nogal criollo (Juglans australis et du Cèdre Tumaco (Cedrela lilloi pour estimer les variations mensuelles de température et de précipitation depuis 1800. Comme les mesures météorologiques directes, les séries dendroclimatologiques sensibles aux précipitations montrent un accroissement soutenu des précipitations dans la région montagneuse subtropicale qui démarre vers 1950, que l’on n’avait pas du tout observé au cours des 200 années précédentes. Le gradient de pression atmosphérique entre les régions tropicales et subtropicales mesuré par les différences de pression entre Cuiaba (15°S et Reconquista (29°S s’est accru progressivement depuis 1950. Ce renforcement du gradient de pression, associé à une augmentation des températures dans les zones subtropicales paraît avoir induit un déplacement vers le sud de la cellule continentale de basse pression sur l’Amérique du Sud. Ce déplacement pourrait avoir provoqué une augmentation des précipitations et une réduction de la durée de la saison sèche dans le subtropique montagneux. Les corrélations spatiales entre l’épaisseur des anneaux de croissance et la Température de Surface de l’Océan (SST indiquent également que l’augmentation des précipitations subtropicales pourrait aussi être reliée à une augmentation significative de la SST de l’Atlantique sud survenue au cours des 4 dernières décades. Ces résultats montrent de manière claire le potentiel des méthodes dendroclimatologiques pour reconstituer les

  7. CARACTERIZACIÓN FISICOQUÍMICA DE MATERIALES REGIONALES DE CACAO COLOMBIANO CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISICOQUIMICA DE MATERIAIS REGIONAIS DO CACAO COLOMBIAN PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF REGIONAL MATERIALS OF COCOA COLOMBIAN

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    JANETH AIDÉ PEREA

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El cacao es un producto con grandes ventajas derivadas de la necesidad de suplir la demanda interna y de incrementar las exportaciones de productos de chocolatería; no obstante, la baja productividad de las plantaciones híbridas de cacao, ha afectado el desarrollo económico del sector, por lo cual, la investigación en el país está enfocada en la búsqueda de materiales productivos, resistentes a enfermedades y con calidades de grano aceptables en mercados nacionales e internacionales. En este proyecto se evaluaron dos materiales universales, un cacao criollo y nueve materiales clonales, seleccionados por Corpoica y Fedecacao, en cuanto a sus características fisicoquímicas. Se prevé que éstas pueden servir como parámetros diferenciadores. Se determinaron los principales macronutrientes (grasa y composición de ácidos grasos, proteína, ceniza y fibra y los microelementos potasio, magnesio, fósforo, hierro y zinc, además de los parámetros físicos cascarilla, pH y acidez. Se encontró que los doce materiales presentan diferencias significativas entre sí, pero destacan los materiales Selección Colombia Corpoica (SCC41 y Fedecacao El Carmen (FEC-2 por presentar niveles altos de todas las variables evaluadas. Respecto al contenido de micronutrientes, se confirma que el cacao es fuente significativa de potasio, magnesio y fósforo, pero es pobre en hierro y zinc.Cacau é um produto com grandes benefícios derivados da necessidade de atender à demanda doméstica e aumento das exportações de chocolate, no entanto, a baixa produtividade das plantações de cacau híbrido, tem afectado o desenvolvimento económico do sector, de modo que as pesquisas no país se concentra na busca por materiais de produção, resistência a doenças e qualidade de grãos aceitável mercados nacional e internacional. Este projeto avaliou dois materiais universal, um cacau criollo e nove material clonal, e FEDECACAO CORPOICA seleccionadas em termos de

  8. Evaluación de aguacates criollos en Nuevo León, México: región sur Evaluation of Creole avocados in Nuevo León, Mexico: southern region

    OpenAIRE

    Efraín Acosta Díaz; Ismael Hernández Torres; Isidro Humberto Almeyda León

    2012-01-01

    El estado de Nuevo León, México, forma parte del centro de origen de la raza mexicana de aguacate (Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia), en donde se cultivan variedades criollas en huertos comerciales y en traspatios, predominando la utilización de la variedad Plátano Grueso-1. Esta variedad se caracteriza por presentar un ciclo temprano de madurez fisiológica, lo cual permite que su producción se concentre en un periodo relativamente corto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracteriz...

  9. Multiple crises and independences: Spain and its Monarchy Crisis e independencias: España y su monarquía

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    José María PORTILLO VALDÉS

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available This article focuses on how the concept and practice of representation evolved during the crisis of the Spanish monarchy from 1808 onwards. It first proposes a conception of the crisis of the monarchy as a multiple process in which it evolved from a dynastic crisis to a constitutional one. Simultaneously to this evolution America appeared to be a decisive element for the solution of the crisis since it was declared an «essential» part of the Spanish monarchy by the Junta Central in 1809, ending the distinction between the metropolitan and colonial parts. This declaration was well accepted by a good part of the criollo elite whereas it was culturally impossible for the Spanish liberals to manage it in constitutional terms. This article analyses the consequences of this disruption between declarative and practical aspects of the first Spanish constitutional experience.Este artículo se centra en el estudio de la concepción y la práctica de la representación en el contexto de la crisis de la monarquía española desde 1808. Propone una interpretación compleja de la crisis señalando una evolución desde su dimensión dinástica hasta la constitucional. En la evolución de esa crisis, América resultó ser una pieza decisiva para su solución, desde que la Junta Central declarara en 1809 que conformaba una parte «esencial» de la monarquía, poniendo fin a la idea de una distinción entre parte metropolitana y colonial. Esta declaración fue asumida por buena parte de las elites criollas a la vez que los liberales españoles mostraron serias dificultades culturales para darle consecuencia constitucional. Este artículo analiza las consecuencias de esta bifurcación entre declaraciones y prácticas constitucionales.

  10. Balance térmico de hornos de panaderías con el empleo de gas como combustible

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    Manuel Plá Duporté

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available En el trabajo se muestra un método para la evaluación térmica de los hornos criollos de panadería, el cual permite calculartodas las pérdidas de calor, la eficiencia y el consumo específico de combustible. Mediante este método se puedenrealizar ajustes de aquellos factores que provocan un incremento en el consumo de combustible de dichos hornos yanalizar las modificaciones y operaciones necesarias para lograr elevar la eficiencia y que sea factible la sustitución delgasoil por gas manufacturado.La evaluación realizada a estos hornos aporta datos hasta ahora desconocidos por ser esta la primera vez que se realizaun estudio usando gas manufacturado; pues en los realizados anteriormente el combustible empleado ha sido diesel.Se llevó a cabo con la ayuda de un programa de computación en Visual Basic y un programa en Excel que permitieron elanálisis de variantes, para la más adecuada valoración técnico económica que permita la toma de decisiones correctas.  In the work an analysis of the feasibility of the substitution of gas-oil for manufactured gas in the net of bakeries of theCity of Havana is made. It is carried out the energy evaluation of a national oven which uses manufactured gas as fuel.This allowed to obtain the different energy losses that take place in the same one, their efficiency and the specificconsumption of energy.This evaluation is carried out for the first time in a national oven using this type of fuel and it was carried out with thehelp of a calculation program in Visual Basic and a program in Excel that allowed the analysis of variants, all thatwith the goal of obtain the appropriate economic technic valuation that allows the taking of correct decisions.

  11. MAÍZ EN ASOCIACIÓN Y ROTACIÓN CON FABÁCEAS EN SUELOS ÁCIDOS DE LA SABANA DE HUIMANGUILLO, TABASCO, MEXICO

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    Samuel Córdova Sánchez

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available La asociación de cultivos es una alternativa para mejorar la fertilidad de los suelos ácidos del trópico húmedo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento del maíz (Zea mays L. cultivado en asociación y rotación con fabáceas en suelos ácidos de sabana. Los tratamientos se establecieron en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas en el maíz fueron materia seca, rendimiento de grano y nitrógeno total; en las fabáceas fueron materia fresca, materia seca, nódulos, nitrógeno total y nitrógeno fijado. Los resultados muestran que los cuatro genotipos de maíz en asociación presentaron mayor rendimiento de grano, materia seca y nitrógeno total respecto a sus testigos. Los maíces asociados a C. cajan presentaron mayor producción de materia seca de planta, de brácteas y materia seca total. El maíz HQ4-C presentó mayor contenido de materia seca, grano y nitrógeno total. El maíz criollo presentó la más alta producción de materia seca. Por otra parte, las fabáceas en asociación presentaron los valores más altos en todas las variables evaluadas, respecto a sus testigos no asociados. Con la variedad de maíz S03 las fabáceas presentaron el más alto número de nódulos, nitrógeno total y nitrógeno fijado.

  12. Diversidad genética de poblaciones de ajo (Allium sativum L. cultivadas en Guatemala, definida por marcadores de ADN

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    Fredy Uber Rosales-Longo

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Diversidad genética de las poblaciones de ajo (Allium sativum L. cultivadas en Gua temala, definida por mar cado res de ADN. En Guatemala es escasa la in for ma ción sobre la diversidad genética de ajo. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: incidir en el mejoramiento de Allium sativum, so bre la base del conocimiento de su variabilidad genética, así mismo, establecer una colección in vi tro de la co lec ción de las poblaciones cultivadas en Guatemala. Los experimentos fueron realizados entre octubre de 2005 y marzo de 2006. La determinación de las variaciones de ADN se realizaron me dian te la téc ni ca de AFLP™. La información se analiza por medio de análisis de componentes principales, análisis de coordenadas principales y análisis de conglomerados. Mediante la inspección de los pro duc tos de AFLP™ y análi sis estadísticos, se detectó una alta variabilidad genética entre los materiales vegetales colectados. Las muestras clasificadas co mo del ti po “Chi leno”, correspondieron a los tipos “Criollo”. Nueve bien diferenciados grupos genéticos se conformaron en un dendrograma y se con fir mó que la diversidad genética descubierta es una función del lugar don de se cul ti van las po bla cio nes de ajo. Se identificó una mayor diversidad genética entre las mues tras de ajo del ti po “Crio llo” que las que se tienen en tre los ma te ria les del ti po “Chileno”, como producto de la mayor dispersión espacial de los primeros. Los materiales genéticos de ajo se encuentran actualmente preservados en un Banco de Germoplasma in vi tro en la Uni dad de Bio tec no lo gía del IC TA.

  13. EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS GLUTAMATE SUPPLY ON THE ONSET OF PUBERTY IN GOATS: I. SERUM LEVELS OF INSULIN

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    Miriam Torres-Moreno

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Glutamate, the main neuroexcitatory amino acid of the central nervous system has a marked stimulatory effect on the reproductive axis in mammals. Precocious puberty occurs in response to glutamate administration in several mammals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous glutamate supply upon the onset of puberty and possible links to changes in serum insulin levels in prepuberal goats. . The study was carried out in northern Mexico at the Southern Goat Research Unit, URUZA-UACH (26° NL, 103° WL, 1,117 m altitude, from June to September. Three-month-old 7/8 Saanen-1/8 Criollo goats (n=18 were fed a diet formulated to met 120% of their nutritional requirements, adjusted for live weight (LW. Both LW and body condition score (BCS were registered every 15 days prior to feeding. In June, goats were randomly allocated to two experimental groups: 1. Excitatory amino acids (AA, n=10; 16.52±1.04 kg, 3.4±0.12 BCS and 2. Control, (CC, n=8; 16.1±1.04 kg, 3.1±0.12 BCS. The AA group received an intravenous infusion of 7 mg kg-1 LW of L-glutamate, while the C group received saline. From mid-June to late September, blood samples were obtained from all goats once a week, to asses P4, by RIA. Goats with serum P4 levels ≥ 1 ng mL-1 in two consecutive blood samples were considered reproductively active,(onset of puberty. Comparisons between groups for both LW and BCS were made using ANOVA-CRD. Percentage of goats depicting or not ovarian activity was tested with a Xi2 analysis. The initial averages for LW and BCS were 16.65±1.04 kg, and 3.31±0.12 units, with no differences (P>0.05 between treatments. Goats in the AA group showed earlier (P

  14. Colangiocarcinoma hepático en un felino y hallazgos anatomopatólogicos, y clínicos compatibles con peritonitis infecciosa felina

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    Julieta Ochoa A.

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Se presentan los hallazgos patomorfológicos de colangiocarcinoma hepático (CGC con efusión peritoneal en un gato doméstico geronte y se relaciona con la sintomatología clínica y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos compatibles con la peritonitis infecciosa felina (PIF. Se atendió en la clínica veterinaria de la Universidad de los Llanos un paciente felino de 8 años de edad, criollo, con aumento de la silueta abdominal y depresión. Clínicamente se encontró deshidratación del 7%, hipotermia (37.2ºC, mucosas pálidas, disnea y hepatomegalia. Mediante abdominocentesis se obtuvo un exudado no séptico y un cuadro citológico compatible con CGC con células columnares bajas dispuestas en panal de abeja, presentando anisocariosis, hipercromacia moderada, citoplasmas claros y vacuolados acompañados de un fondo sucio inflamatorio y hemorrágico con detritos celulares. En el análisis radiográfico se observó hepatomegalia con un patrón de punteado característico de formación neoplásica y ascitis. A la necropsia se presentó hemotórax e hidropericardio, ascitis y nódulos neoplásicos blancos duros al corte en el 45% del parénquima hepático y un patrón nodular sobre la superficie visceral del estomago, intestinos delgado, grueso y mesenterio. Las muestras se fijaron en formalina buferada al 10%, se procesaron mediante métodos rutinarios para microscopía óptica. Por histopatología se diagnosticó CGC moderadamente diferenciado con intensa desmoplasia. Citológica e histopatológicamente se evidenció un CGC hepático con efusión peritoneal que se relacionó con la sintomatología clínica y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos compatibles con la PIF.

  15. Caracterización molecular y evaluación bioquímica de cultivares colombianos y germoplasma elite de maíz según contenido de aceite

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    Peñaranda María Isabel

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Existe evidencia que indica que algunos cultivares de maíz colombianos poseen contenidos de aceite similares a germoplasmas elite conocidos. Para conocer su uso potencial en las industrias del aceite y de los concentrados animales, y como base para pro­gramas de mejoramiento vegetal, es preciso analizar el germoplasma disponible mediante estudios genéticos y fenotípicos. A tal fin se evaluó la diversidad genética y el contenido de aceite de 22 genotipos de maíz que inclu­yeron cultivares criollos colombianos y germoplasma elite; la caracterización molecular se llevó a cabo con marcadores del tipo microsatélites (Simple Sequence Re­peats, SSR y análisis bioquímico. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron amplia variabilidad genética entre los genotipos, lo cual podría representar un potencial de uso en programas de mejoramiento, especialmen­te por las altas probabilidades de encontrar heterosis. Así mismo, la evaluación bioquímica permitió identi­ficar aquellos materiales con los mayores contenidos de aceite, los cuales fueron evaluados adicionalmente para el perfil de ácidos grasos. Los resultados del estu­dio muestran la utilidad de los SSR para profundizar en el conocimiento y asignación de grupos heteróticos y revelar la relación de parentesco. Así mismo, aporta evidencia adicional a favor que la caracterización mo­lecular permite la estimación de la variabilidad gené­tica, la cual, combinada con caracteres fenotípicos de interés, puede convertirse en una herramienta útil que apoye el mejoramiento genético convencional.

  16. RESISTENCIA A SEQUÍA DE LINEAS Y VARIEDADES DE FRIJOL NEGRO TROPICAL

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    Ernesto Lopez Salinas

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: clasificar genotipos de frijol negro por su tolerancia a sequía e identificar los de mayor eficiencia en el rendimiento en condiciones de riego y sequía. Para ello, en invierno-primavera 2008 se condujeron dos experimentos en Medellín de Bravo, Veracruz; uno con riego todo el ciclo y el otro sin riego, a partir del inicio de floración. Se evaluaron nueve líneas, seis variedades y Criollo Arbolito (testigo local en diseño bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se cuantificó días a madurez fisiológica, producción de materia seca sin grano, vainas por planta, peso de 100 semillas y rendimiento de grano. Se hicieron análisis de varianza por condición de humedad y uno combinado. Como estimadores de eficiencia se utilizaron el índice de susceptibilidad a sequía (ISS y el índice de eficiencia relativa del rendimiento (IER. Con riego, Negro INIFAP, 82L-17-80, Negro Tacaná y Negro Veracruz, fueron los genotipos más productivos con más de 1,0 t ha-1. Con sequía sobresalieron los dos últimos genotipos, más la línea DOR 448, con rendimientos superiores a 400 kg ha-1. El rendimiento bajo sequía en promedio representó el 37,7% con respecto al de riego. Con ISS de 0,71, 0,85 y 0,87, las líneas DOR-448, NGO 17-99 e Icta Ju-97-1, respectivamente, fueron clasificadas como resistentes a sequía. Las variedades Negro Tacaná y Negro Veracruz con valores de IER de 1,67 y 1,47, mostraron la mayor eficiencia en el rendimiento en ambas condiciones de humedad.

  17. Population dynamics of epiphytic mycoparasites of the genera Clonostachys and Fusarium for the biocontrol of black pod (Phytophthora palmivora) and moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri) on cocoa (Theobroma cacao).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hoopen, G Martijn ten; Rees, Robert; Aisa, Philo; Stirrup, Tim; Krauss, Ulrike

    2003-05-01

    Mycoparasites collected from aerial parts of the cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao) have shown great promise in the control of black pod, caused by Phytophthora palmivora, and moniliasis, caused by Moniliophthora roreri. However, the ecology of epiphytic mycoparasites is still poorly understood although it has a direct bearing on applied biocontrol practices, ranging from the identification and isolation of promising biocontrol candidates to formulation needs and required application frequency. One objective of this study was to determine the natural abundance of mycoparasites on cocoa flowers and pods in relation to crop development stage and cultivar. For this purpose, native mycoparasites were detected on cocoa flowers and pods using the precolonised plate baiting technique. Furthermore, the survival of an applied Clonostachys rosea isolate on cocoa pods on shaded and non-shaded trees was compared as well as the recolonisation patterns of surface-sterilised pods by native mycoparasites under these conditions. Clonostachys spp. were the most commonly isolated native mycoparasites, followed by Fusarium spp. No differences in the occurrence of native, epiphytic mycoparasites were observed between the three main cocoa cultivars, 'Criollo', 'Forastero' and 'Trinitario', nor between clones within these groups. Thus, a single biocontrol inoculum can be suitable for application to cultivar mixtures of cocoa commonly grown together in a field. Different susceptibility classes of segregating F1 populations of hybrids with resistance against M. roreri and P. palmivora supported similar population levels and taxonomic assemblages of mycoparasites. Therefore, we reject the hypothesis that these antagonists mediate resistance. Mycoparasite abundance and genetic disease resistance to black pod and moniliasis are independent phenomena and should lead to additive effects if employed simultaneously in an integrated disease management programme. The survival of applied C. rosea was not

  18. De héroes, naciones milenarias y guerras fratricidas. Tres mitos fundacionales en tres relatos historiográficos de la nación mexicana About heroes, ancient nations and fratricidal wars: Three foundational myths in three Mexican nation's historiographic stories

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Óscar Javier Linares Londoño

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available La interpretación canónica de la independencia de México explica los hechos que van de 1810 a 1821 como la emancipación de la nación mexicana, pueblo milenario que remonta su identidad nacional a los mexicas, habitantes del Valle de México, antes de la llegada de los españoles. Por trescientos años el pueblo fue oprimido bajo el yugo español, y logra su independencia gracias al movimiento nacionalista de sus héroes. Esta interpretación construida por los relatos historiográficos del siglo XIX, está basada en lo que llamaré los mitos fundacionales de la nación: el mito de la nación milenaria, el mito de los héroes y el mito de la pugna irreconciliable entre criollos y españoles. La historiografía decimonónica difundirá estos mitos con la firme intención de legitimar el movimiento independentista y de dotar de un relato homogéneo a la naciente nación.The canonical interpretation of the independence of Mexico explains the facts that go from 1810 to 1821 as the emancipation of the Mexican nation, ancient nation that traced back its national identity to the Mexican people, inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico before the Spanish arrived. Oppressed for three hundred years under Spanish rule, the Mexican nation achieves its independence through nationalist movement of its heroes. This interpretation, built by the nineteenth-century historiographical tales, is based on what we call the nation founding myths: the myth of the ancient nation, the myth of the heroes, and the myth of irreconcilable conflict between Creoles and Spanish people. Nineteenth-century historiography will spread these myths with the firm intention of legitimizing the independence movement and give a consistent story to the emerging nation.

  19. Colombia a Source of Cacao Genetic Diversity As Revealed by the Population Structure Analysis of Germplasm Bank of Theobroma cacao L.

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    Jaime A. Osorio-Guarín

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Beans of the species Theobroma cacao L., also known as cacao, are the raw material to produce chocolate. Colombian cacao has been classified as a fine flavor cacao that represents the 5% of cacao world’s production. Colombian genetic resources from this species are conserved in ex situ and in-field germplasm banks, since T. cacao has recalcitrant seeds to desication and long-term storage. Currently, the collection of T. cacao of the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research (CORPOICA has approximately 700 germplasm accessions. We conducted a molecular analysis of Corpoica’s cacao collection and a morphological characterization of some accessions with the goal to study its genetic diversity and population structure and, to select interesting accessions for the cacao’s breeding program. Phenotypic evaluation was performed based on 18 morphological traits and 4 biochemical traits. PCA analysis of morphological traits explained 60.6% of the total variation in seven components and 100% of the total variation of biochemical traits in four components, grouping the collection in 4 clusters for both variables. We explored 565 accessions from Corpoica’s germplasm and 252 accessions from reference populations using 96 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP molecular markers. Molecular patterns of cacao Corpoica’s collection were obtained amplifying specific alleles in a Fluidigm platform that used integrated circuits of fluids. Corpoica’s collection showed highest genetic diversity [Expected Heterozygosity (HE = 0.314, Observed Heterozygosity (HO = 0.353] that is reduced when reference populations were included in the dataset (HE = 0.294, HO = 0.261. The collection was divided into four clusters based on population structure analysis. Cacao accessions from distinct groups showed some taxonomic concordance and reflected their geographic origins. For instance, accessions classified as Criollo were clearly differentiated in one group and we

  20. Optimización de la conservación in vitro de germoplasma de Dioscorea spp por crecimiento mínimo

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    Lucía Candelaria Díaz Narváez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El ñame Criollo (Dioscorea alata y el ñame Espino (Dioscorea rotundata se constituyen como las dos especies mayormente cultivadas en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Por esta razón en la Universidad de Sucre se han implementado técnicas para lograr su conservación mediante la propagación in vitro, sin embargo esta metodología conserva las accesiones por un periodo no mayor a los 4 meses, provocando continuos subcultivos, aumento de costos y mano de obra. Por ello la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer medios de cultivo óptimos para la conservación in vitro por crecimiento mínimo de diferentes accesiones (D. alata y D. rotundata pertenecientes al banco de germoplasma de la Universidad de Sucre, durante un periodo de 8 meses. Esto mediante la modificación del medio de cultivo base MS; con los siguientes osmolitos: sacarosa, manitol y sorbitol. Se avaluaron 8 tratamientos (T en los siguientes porcentajes T1 (control(3:0:0, T2 (0:1,5:0, T3 (0:0:2, T4 (0:1,5:2, T5 (0:0:1 y T6 (0:0:3, T7 (0:1,5:1 y T8 (0:1,5:3. Cada 30 días se evaluó: supervivencia (%, hojas expandidas (%, longitud del tallo y raíz, número de nudos y raíces, oxidación (%, senescencia foliar (% y callo (%. Los resultados mostraron que las especies D. alata y D. rotundata, se conservan de forma óptima, en la combinación T4 (0:1,5:2, donde se evidencia un alto porcentaje de supervivencia, un mínimo porcentaje de senescencia foliar y un desarrollo restringido en el resto de variables. Garantizando así la disponibilidad y el desarrollo normal de las accesiones en un periodo superior a 4 meses.

  1. Detección del virus del enanismo amarillo de la cebolla (OYDV y el virus latente común del ajo (GCLV en ajo (Allium sativum L costarricense

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    Anny Vannesa Guillén Watson

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Las enfermedades virales son responsables de pérdidas importantes en el rendimiento del cultivo de ajo alrededor del mundo, ya que limitan su producción. En esta investigación se analizó material de ajo costarricense para determinar la incidencia de los virus: Garlic Common Latent Virus (GCLV y Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus (OYDV, mediante la técnica DAS-ELISA, con el fin de conocer el estado fitosanitario del material criollo. Se utilizaron bulbos de campo de apariencia normal (N, normales con túnica amarilla (TA y con deformaciones (D; y hojas de campo normales (N, sintomáticas (S y con presencia de posibles vectores  virales (VT. Se analizaron vitroplantas producto de la introducción de ápices de 1,0 y 0,5cm de longitud procedentes de dientes normales (N y con túnica amarilla (TA; así como dos lotes de bulbillos obtenidos in vitro de introducciones de ápices de 1,0cm de largo a partir de bulbos de apariencia normal. Se encontró que el 33% de los bulbos de campo analizados para GCLV fueron positivos (TA, mientras que OYDV se detectó en el 100%, sin importar la apariencia. El 100% de las hojas fue positivo para GCLV, y para OYDV soloaquellas de apariencia normal (33%. El 100% de las vitroplantas no presentaron infección de GCLV, mientras que para OYDV solo las introducidas de ápices de 1,0cm provenientes de bulbos con túnica amarillenta no mostraron incidencia. Se determinó GCLV en el 100% de lasmuestras para ambos lotes de bulbificación in Vitro, y OYDV solo en el 50%. Se concluye que los virus OYDV y GCLV están presentes en el ajo costarricense y se detectaron mediante la técnica DASELISA, con una alta incidencia en el material local y con infección diferencial según el órgano analizado. Se recomienda combinar diversas metodologías junto con el cultivo de ápices in vitro, para obtener mayor eficacia en la limpieza viral, lo que contribuiría a incrementar el valor y potenciar el cultivo de la semilla local.

  2. Efecto del plasma seminal sobre el estado redox del semen equino criopreservado

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    Edison Pizarro L.

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar el efecto del plasma seminal sobre la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO y la peroxidación lipídica de semen equino criopreservado y su asociación con parámetros de calidad seminal. Materiales y métodos. El semen de cinco caballos de la raza criollo colombiano (dos eyaculados cada uno, fue criopreservado mediante un protocolo de congelación rápida, empleando un diluyente leche-yema de huevo, suplementado con 0%, 10% y 20% de plasma seminal equino. En muestras de semen fresco y criopreservado se evaluó la generación de ERO y la peroxidación lipídica por espectrofluorimetría, y los parámetros de calidad seminal de movilidad progresiva, vitalidad e integridad de membrana, mediante microscopia de contraste de fase. Para el análisis estadístico se ajustaron modelos mixtos y se realizaron análisis de regresión y correlación. Resultados. Se hallaron promedios post-descongelación de movilidad progresiva, vitalidad e integridad de membrana de 37.8%±20.2, 50.6% ± 14.6 y 37.8% ± 15.5, respectivamente. Para el semen fresco y criopreservado suplementado con 0%, 10% y 20% de plasma seminal, los promedios de producción de ERO (URF fueron de 13.34±10.7, 16.15 ± 13.5, 17.32 ± 16 y 22.98 ± 19.4, respectivamente; mostrando un incremento estadísticamente significativo (p≤0.05 en la producción de ERO por efecto de la criopreservación y la suplementación con plasma seminal. Los promedios de peroxidación lipídica (nmolMDA/ml para estos mismos tratamientos, fueron de 0.41 ± 0.25, 0.72±0.37, 0.51 ± 0.29 y 0.47±0.26, respectivamente; mostrando una reducción significativa (p≤0.05 de la peroxidación lipídica del semen suplementado con 10% y 20% de plasma seminal, respecto al semen no suplementado (0%. Conclusiones. El plasma seminal reduce la peroxidación lipídica del semen equino criopreservado.

  3. El Consulado de Comercio. Cartagena de indias y su papel económico y político en el conflicto de independencia (1795-1821

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    Justo CUÑO BONITO

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available La política económica de la monarquía absolutista no encontró fórmulas válidas a partir de las cuales imponer un dominio racional de los recursos. De este modo, las acciones individuales de los virreyes más reformistas acabaron chocando contra la imposibilidad de reformar un sistema económico obsoleto y esclerótico. La Real Cédula de 14 de junio de 1795 ordenó la erección de un Consulado de Comercio en Cartagena de Indias. Los comerciantes cartageneros, triunfantes sobre los de Santa Fe, tuvieron a partir de ese momento una poderosa arma política para apoyar el poder económico que de facto ya manejaban. La estructura económica de la monarquía no variaría con la introducción de estas nuevas instituciones (de origen medieval, pero sí la política: nuevos agentes políticos reconocidos que hasta ahora habían estado relegados a los gobiernos locales ostentarán un poder suprarregional con el que enfrentarse a los funcionarios de la corona. Sin embargo, salvo en casos muy aislados y teóricos, no plantearán una transformación de la estructura económica ni una dinamización del comercio y de la producción y se conformarán, en principio, con que las nuevas instituciones les sirvan de defensa de intereses propios, muy concretos, que no llegaron más que a los propios individuales y, como mucho, a los de sus propias redes socioeconómicas. Pero al tiempo, la asunción de los poderes políticos emanados de las nuevas instituciones consulares preparó las estrategias que podrían desarrollarse en un futuro y dividió profundamente las sociedades. En la lucha por la independencia, la pugna por el control político institucional orientó la acción política de las redes sociales y separó, para siempre, a criollos de españoles peninsulares.

  4. La Política Lingüística en la Nueva España La Política Lingüística en la Nueva España

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    David Charles Wright Carr

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available El dominio de la Nueva España por el Estado español produjo cambios en el uso de las lenguas. La novedad principal fue la introducción y difusión del idioma castellano. De manera paralela algunos europeos, especialmente los misioneros, estudiaban las lenguas indígenas, a la vez que muchos criollos y mestizos aprendían los idiomas nativos desde su infancia. Desde la época Prehispánica el náhuatl servía en algunas regiones de la Nueva España como lengua franca; la Iglesia y la Corona fomentaron y extendieron esta práctica. A pesar de los intentos de homogeneizar el panorama lingüístico novohispano, sin embargo, no bastaban ni el castellano ni el náhuatl para las labores misioneras y administrativas en los pueblos donde se hablaban otras lenguas. Estas comunidades lingüísticas conservaban sus hablas ancestrales. En el presente trabajo se habla de la legislación lingüística dispuesta por la monarquía española durante el periodo Novohispano, rastreando su impacto en los pueblos indígenas. The domination of New Spain by the Spanish state brought about changes in language use. The biggest change was the introduction and diffusion of the Spanish language. At the same time some Europeans, notably the missionaries, studied the indigenous languages, while many creoles and mestizos learned the native tongues during their infancy. Since pre-Hispanic times Nahuatl had served as a lingua franca in some regions of New Spain; the Catholic Church and the Spanish Crown encouraged and extended this practice. In spite of the attempts to homogenize the linguistic panorama of New Spain, however, neither Spanish nor Nahuatl were suffi cient for the missionary and administrative work in the towns where other languages were spoken. These linguistic communities preserved their ancestral tongues. In this article the linguistic legislation issued by the Spanish monarchy during the early colonial period is discussed, tracing its impact in the Indian

  5. Heterosis and direct effects for Charolais-sired calf weight and growth, cow weight and weight change, and ratios of cow and calf weights and weight changes across warm season lactation in Romosinuano, Angus, and F cows in Arkansas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Riley, D G; Burke, J M; Chase, C C; Coleman, S W

    2016-01-01

    The use of Brahman in cow-calf production offers some adaptation to the harsh characteristics of endophyte-infected tall fescue. Criollo breeds, such as the Romosinuano, may have similar adaptation. The objectives were to estimate genetic effects in Romosinuano, Angus, and crossbred cows for their weights, weights of their calves, and ratios (calf weight:cow weight and cow weight change:calf weight gain) across lactation and to assess the influence of forage on traits and estimates. Cows ( = 91) were bred to Charolais bulls after their second parity. Calves ( = 214) were born from 2006 to 2009. Cows and calves were weighed in early (April and June), mid- (July), and late lactation (August and October). Animal was a random effect in analyses of calf data; sire was random in analyses of cow records and ratios. Fixed effects investigated included calf age, calf sex, cow age-year combinations, sire breed of cow, dam breed of cow, and interactions. Subsequent analyses evaluated the effect of forage grazed: endophyte-free or endophyte-infected tall fescue. Estimates of maternal heterosis for calf weight ranged from 9.3 ± 4.3 to 15.4 ± 5.7 kg from mid-lactation through weaning ( cow) were -6.8 ± 3.0 and -8.9 ± 4.2 kg for weights recorded in April and June. Calf weights and weight gains from birth were greater ( cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue except in mid-summer. Cow weight change from April to each time was negative for Angus cows and lower ( Cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue were heavier ( cows had the lowest ( cow weight change:calf weight gain, indicating an energy-deficit condition. Cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue had more negative ( cow weight, 7.9 ± 3.0 to 15.8 ± 5.0 kg for cow weight change, and 0.07 ± 0.03 to 0.27 ± 0.1 for cow weight change:calf weight gain. Direct Romosinuano effects ranged from 14.8 ± 4.2 to 49.8 ± 7.7 kg for cow weight change and 0.2 ± 0.04 to 0.51 ± 0.14 for cow weight change:calf weight gain. The adaptive

  6. De la Independencia Política a la Independencia Mental. Elite y Apropiación de Ideas en los Albores de la Nación Chilena

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    Mariana Perry F.

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available La producción intelectual en torno a la relación entre Europa y América Latina en el plano de las ideas ha sido prolífica y ha acompañado toda la historia de la región latinoamericana desde el siglo XV. Sin embargo, dicha temática se dinamizó en el siglo XIX, cuando no solo la independencia política, sino también la independencia intelectual, coparon los espacios de debate entre los criollos de las jóvenes naciones. El dilema se dividía entre seguir las influencias europeas o generar un pensamiento propio. El presente artículo busca superar este dilema, argumentando que la elite intelectual en Chile, en función de la demanda de su propio entorno, importó y apropió ideas producidas en el extranjero para su utilización en el contexto local. Para esto, el artículo hace un recorrido histórico identificando las ideas circulantes que motivaron la independencia en Chile así como aquellas que fueron utilizadas para la construcción del Estado Nación a lo largo del siglo XIX. Lo anterior busca además aportar nuevos enfoques en el debate más amplio entre identidad y modernidad en América Latina. English: The intellectual production around the relationship between Europe and Latin America in the realm of ideas has been prolific and has accompanied the entire history of the Latin American region since the fifteenth century. However, this subject was stimulated in the nineteenth century, when not only political independence, but also intellectual independence, packed spaces of debate among the Creoles of young nations. The dilemma was divided between following European influences or generate own thinking. This article seeks to overcome this dilemma, arguing that the intellectual elite in Chile, according to the demand of their own environment, imported and appropriated ideas produced abroad for use in the local context. For this, the article makes a historical overview identifying circulating ideas that led to independence in Chile

  7. Sensory attribute preservation in extra virgin olive oil with addition of oregano essential oil as natural antioxidant.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Asensio, Claudia M; Nepote, Valeria; Grosso, Nelson R

    2012-09-01

    Four commercial varieties of oregano are farmed in Argentina: "Compacto,"Cordobes,"Criollo," y "Mendocino." Oregano essential oil is known for antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the intensities of positive and negative attributes in extra virgin olive oil with addition of essential oil obtained from the 4 Argentinean oregano types. Oregano essential oil was added into olive oil at 0.05% w/w. The samples were stored in darkness and light exposure during 126 d at room temperature. The intensity ratings of fruity, pungency, bitterness, oregano flavor, and rancid flavor were evaluated every 21 d by a trained sensory panel. In general, samples with addition of oregano essential oil in olive oil exhibited higher and lower intensity ratings of positive and negative attributes, respectively, during storage compared with the control samples. The first 2 principal components explained 72.3% of the variability in the olive oil samples. In general, positive attributes of olive oil were highly associated with the addition of oregano essential oil in darkness, whereas rancid flavor was negatively associated with them. Olive oil with oregano "Cordobes" essential oil was oppositely associated with light exposure treatments and negative attribute (rancid flavor) suggesting better performance as natural antioxidant of this essential oil in olive oil. The result of this study showed that the presence of oregano essential oil, specially "Cordobes" type, preserve sensory quality of extra virgin olive oil prolonging the shelf life of this product. Extra virgin olive oil is highly appreciated for its health benefits, taste, and aroma. These properties are an important aspect in this product quality and need to be preserved. The addition of natural additives instead of synthetic ones covers the present trend in food technology. This research showed that the addition of oregano essential oil preserved the intensity ratings of positive attributes

  8. A genetically anchored physical framework for Theobroma cacao cv. Matina 1-6.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saski, Christopher A; Feltus, Frank A; Staton, Margaret E; Blackmon, Barbara P; Ficklin, Stephen P; Kuhn, David N; Schnell, Raymond J; Shapiro, Howard; Motamayor, Juan Carlos

    2011-08-16

    cultivars Matina 1-6 and Criollo indicates a high degree of collinearity in their genomes, yet rearrangements were also observed. The results presented in this study are a stand-alone resource for functional exploitation and enhancement of Theobroma cacao but are also expected to complement and augment ongoing genome-sequencing efforts. This resource will serve as a template for refinement of the T. cacao genome through gap-filling, targeted re-sequencing, and resolution of repetitive DNA arrays.

  9. Latinoamérica, entre la utopía de salvación y la utopía del progreso

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    José Alberto Pinto Mantilla

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de esta publicación es analizar el proceso histórico dado durante la dependencia metrópoli colonia y del Estado colonial. La investigación pone de manifiesto el influjo de los reyes católicos y su orden social, el cual cesó durante la colonia, pero su mentalidad continúa vigente. Trayendo a cuestas la herencia colonial, la élite criolla acogió el liberalismo sajón, vinculándose rápidamente, con su riqueza agropecuaria y minera, en el mercado mundial. Esta élite, conocedora del motín jacobino, usó su arenga libertaria sin hacer los cambios económicos y políticos que realizó la Revolución Francesa. El criollo, además, erigió la raza como emblema de civilidad y progreso, y como un buen ejemplo de implementación; esto lo vemos en los gobernantes de la naciente república de Estados Unidos, quienes avizorando el desarrollo del capitalismo promovieron la emigración de europeos con todas las facilidades para que cercaran vastos territorios. El neoliberalismo recoge su idea de libertad, en la libertad de empresa, pues todos ofertamos trabajo y consumimos; esta utopía fabril y de lucro es la nueva religión. A partir del marco teórico y de conceptos argumentados de Max Weber y con una metodología de análisis comparativo, se toman las reflexiones de varios autores que fortalecen la hipótesis “que el mercado y libertades decidan la suerte humana y natural, llevará a un final de espanto, pues, el hombre olvidó su casa y el tiempo que precisó la vida para crecer y progresar; ignoró que es más fácil que todas las almas vayan al cielo que replicar la dicha del rico para siete mil millones de seres”. Se trata, pues, en este análisis de deconstruir el imaginario de progreso; resaltar que el hombre y la sociedad nacieron en armonía natural, acatando los ciclos naturales y acoplados al medio ambiental. Hoy se insiste en la utopía terrena o celestial olvidando la crisis ambiental. Mundo utópico y antinatural

  10. A genetically anchored physical framework for Theobroma cacao cv. Matina 1-6

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    Kuhn David N

    2011-08-01

    assembly. A comparison between the two T. cacao cultivars Matina 1-6 and Criollo indicates a high degree of collinearity in their genomes, yet rearrangements were also observed. Conclusions The results presented in this study are a stand-alone resource for functional exploitation and enhancement of Theobroma cacao but are also expected to complement and augment ongoing genome-sequencing efforts. This resource will serve as a template for refinement of the T. cacao genome through gap-filling, targeted re-sequencing, and resolution of repetitive DNA arrays.

  11. Buscando leer la historia mundial desde Nuestra América

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    Hernán G. H. Taboada

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Existen en América Latina muchos y ya tradicionales reclamos por el abandono del eurocentrismo historiográfico, y en algún grado se han alcanzado resultados en cuanto a los discursos nacionales y regionales se refiere. Sin embargo, seguimos siendo deudores de la vieja historia “universal” originada en Europa, con su exponente clave que es Hegel pero también una difusión capilar en los libros escolares, enciclopedias y toda obra de vulgarización. Esta persistencia se debe a la hegemonía cultural de los grupos criollos en América Latina, que tienen una muy peculiar relación con Europa y su cultura. Su visión histórica, que hemos denominado “eurocriollismo”, sigue predominando mientras en la misma Europa ya ha sido desplazada. Las propuestas para una historia “mundial” policéntrica, que ya tienen varias décadas en otros países, apenas son conocidas en América Latina. El artículo aspira a definir brevemente dicha historia universal eurocriolla, a presentar brevemente las corrientes de la historia mundial, a criticar algunas lecturas supuestamente alternativas desde Nuestra América (Leopoldo Zea, Enrique Dussel y a señalar el camino que falta recorrer. In Latin America, there are now many traditional protests of the abandonment of historiographical eurocentrism which, to some degree, have achieved national and regional discourse. However, we continue to be indebted to the old “universal” history originated in Europe. It’s key proponent is Hegel, but also the capillary diffusion of school books, encyclopedias, and other vulgar works. This persistence is due to a cultural hegemony of Creole groups in Latin America that have a very particular relationship with Europe and its culture. Their historical vision, which we have denominated “eurocriolism,” continues to dominate, while it has been displaced in Europe itself. The proposals for a polycentric world history which now has been in other countries for decades

  12. Estandarización de modelo experimental porcino para defectos óseos maxilares

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    A.F. Aguilera-Salgado

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de cualquier sustituto óseo es necesario probarlo en modelos experimentales antes de iniciar estudios clínicos. En la literatura encontramos distintos modelos experimentales que no han tenido una estandarización adecuada para su evaluación. Nuestro proyecto forma parte de una línea de investigación cuya finalidad es desarrollar un implante óseo mediante técnicas de ingeniería de tejidos. Presentamos la primera etapa del mismo que consiste en estandarizar un modelo experimental en crecimiento. Incluimos 16 cerdos criollos sanos, destetados, de entre 3 y 6 semanas de vida, con peso mayor de 5 kg y de ambos sexos: 10 hembras y 6 machos. Realizamos 56 defectos óseos midiendo en cada uno alto, ancho y espesor con compás quirúrgico. Tras la cirugía, realizamos TAC de cráneo con reconstrucción tridimensional midiendo los mismos valores. Para evaluar el grado de regeneración lograda y los volúmenes residuales, realizamos a las 8 semanas nueva TAC de cráneo midiendo los mismos parámetros. Finalmente, analizamos clínicamente los defectos en cada cerdo tras someterlos a eutanasia y tomamos muestras del tejido regenerado para análisis morfológico, histológico, bioquímico y molecular. Para evaluar la reproducibilidad de la técnica, utilizamos el coeficiente de correlación intraclase, y para la correlación entre las evaluaciones clínicas y tomográficas, el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Estudiamos 56 defectos óseos, el menor de 5 x 5 x 5 mm y el mayor de 25 x 15 x 7 mm, encontrando alta reproducibilidad en la medición clínica y tomográfica del tamaño de los defectos óseos, con altos coeficientes de correlación intraclase. Tras 8 semanas encontramos un alto porcentaje de regeneración ósea en todos los defectos. Realizamos la caracterización del tejido regenerado mediante microscopía electrónica, tinción de hematoxilina/eosina y de Von Kossa, análisis de componentes org

  13. De novo assembly of the pepper transcriptome (Capsicum annuum): a benchmark for in silico discovery of SNPs, SSRs and candidate genes

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-01

    Background Molecular breeding of pepper (Capsicum spp.) can be accelerated by developing DNA markers associated with transcriptomes in breeding germplasm. Before the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, the majority of sequencing data were generated by the Sanger sequencing method. By leveraging Sanger EST data, we have generated a wealth of genetic information for pepper including thousands of SNPs and Single Position Polymorphic (SPP) markers. To complement and enhance these resources, we applied NGS to three pepper genotypes: Maor, Early Jalapeño and Criollo de Morelos-334 (CM334) to identify SNPs and SSRs in the assembly of these three genotypes. Results Two pepper transcriptome assemblies were developed with different purposes. The first reference sequence, assembled by CAP3 software, comprises 31,196 contigs from >125,000 Sanger-EST sequences that were mainly derived from a Korean F1-hybrid line, Bukang. Overlapping probes were designed for 30,815 unigenes to construct a pepper Affymetrix GeneChip® microarray for whole genome analyses. In addition, custom Python scripts were used to identify 4,236 SNPs in contigs of the assembly. A total of 2,489 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from the assembly, and primers were designed for the SSRs. Annotation of contigs using Blast2GO software resulted in information for 60% of the unigenes in the assembly. The second transcriptome assembly was constructed from more than 200 million Illumina Genome Analyzer II reads (80–120 nt) using a combination of Velvet, CLC workbench and CAP3 software packages. BWA, SAMtools and in-house Perl scripts were used to identify SNPs among three pepper genotypes. The SNPs were filtered to be at least 50 bp from any intron-exon junctions as well as flanking SNPs. More than 22,000 high-quality putative SNPs were identified. Using the MISA software, 10,398 SSR markers were also identified within the Illumina transcriptome assembly and primers were

  14. Estimación de las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de los genes CAPN1 Y CAST asociados a la calidad de la carne en bovinos de la Cuenca del Papaloapan

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    C.M. Desgarennes-Alcalá

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El ganado de doble propósito es aquel utiliz ado para producir carne y leche. G eneralmente es el producto del cruce de razas de origen Cebú x europeas y/o Criollo. Este grupo genético se ha adaptado a las condiciones climáticas de temperatura, humedad, baja calidad de pastos y clases de parásitos que prevalecen en las regiones tropicales. En este trabajo, se realizó un escrutinio molecular para observar la frecuencia de dos polimorfismos d el gen de la μ - calpaína (CAPN1 - 316, CAPN1 - 530 y uno del gen de la calpastatina ( CAST, asociados a la suavidad de la carne en ganado bovino de doble propósito de la Cuenca del Papaloapan. Las pruebas se basaron en Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR y Polimorfismos de la Longitud de Fragmentos de Restricción (RFLPs con las enzimas de restricción Btg I, Ava II y Rsa I para los alelos C - G, A - G y C - G, respectivamente (n=331. Para CAPN1 - 316 las frecuencias genotípicas obtenidas fueron de 0.03 (AA, 0.8 6 (GG y 0.11 (GA y las frecuencias alélicas fueron 0.86 (G y 0.14 (A. Para el marcador CAPN1 - 530 las frecuencias genotípicas fueron de 0.02 (CC, 0.85 (GG y 0.13 (GC, con una frecuencia alélica de 0.85 para G y 0.15 para C. Las frecuencias genotípica s para el marcador CAST fueron de 0.32 (CC, 0.28 (GG y 0.4 (GC, con una frecuencia alélica de 0.68 para el alelo G y 0.32 para el alelo C. La pobl a ción en estudio no se encontró en equilibrio Hardy Weinberg y los valores de χ 2 P con dos grados de liberta d fueron de 0.964, 0.985 y 0.9803 para CAPN1 - 316, CAPN1 - 530 y CAST, respectivamente. De acuerdo con el porcentaje de la genotipificación de los marcadores en los genes CAPN1 y CAST se concluye que la población analizada tiene bajos índices de marc a dores pa ra la suavidad o terneza de la carne, probablemente por las cruzas no dirigidas que se realizan habitualmente, de esta forma se propone, mejorar la calidad de la carne en base a programas de mejoramiento gen

  15. Análisis y propuesta del uso de las manifestaciones culturales criollo limeña y andino cusqueña como eje de las campañas publicitarias televisivas de la cerveza Pilsen Callao de 1997-2002, en Lima y Cusco

    OpenAIRE

    Ventocilla Maestre, José Ernesto

    2014-01-01

    La televisión, es el medio de comunicación de mayor impacto en el mundo actual; en ella se transmite sobre todo publicidad. La publicidad televisiva en el caso peruano, por lo general no presenta relación con la realidad de nuestro país, según lo comprobamos en una anterior investigación sobre uso de estereotipos limeños en la publicidad televisiva. Sin embargo, desde 1997 algunos comerciales empezaron a usar estereotipos nacionales, como fueron los casos de Magia Blanca o los de Pilsen, t...

  16. Estudio Estadístico Comparativo sobre Dos Variedades de Maíz

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    Ramírez Hernán

    1946-12-01

    Full Text Available 1°-Se determinó el porcentaje de granos en mazorcas de tipo comercial para dos variedades de maíz. Una seleccionada en Venezuela con la denominación de "Venezuela-l" de gran adaptación y buena aceptación entre nuestros agricultores, y otra variedad de maíz criollo distinguido en el comercio con el nombre de "Cuba Blanco" con los siguientes resultados en promedio: Para Venezuela-l 81.29% Para el Cuba blanco 80.90 % 2°-Estas dos variedades se compararon por los diversos caracteres de la mazorca: número de surcos, peso en gramos, largo en centímetros, diámetro en milímetros; de la tusa: diámetro en milímetros y peso en gramos, y de los granos: porcentaje, peso en gramos y profundidad en milímetros. El resultado obtenido fue muy favorable para el Venezuela-l, lo cual confirma los buenos efectos de la selección aplicada al maíz. 3°-Un estudio de correlación simple, correlación parcial y regresión parcial aplicado a varios caracteres de la mazorca en las mismas variedades mostró un alto grado de relación entre caracteres, como peso total y largo; peso total y diámetro; peso total y profundidad de los granos; número de surcos y diámetro; largo y diámetro y diámetro y profundidad de los granos. Así mismo, al hacer constantes, la influencia del porcentaje de granos y surcos, se obtuvo una alta significación para la relación entre el peso total y el largo; el caso recíproco al hacer constante la influencia del porcentaje de granos y surcos se obtuvo una alta significación entre el largo y el peso total; también resultó altamente significativa la relación entre el peso total y el porcentaje de granos cuando se tomaron el número de surcos y el largo como constantes. Se determinó el coeficiente de regresión parcial para valorar la influencia que tiene un carácter que se toma como independiente sobre otro tomado como dependiente, resultando una influencia mayor de aquellos caracteres sobre éstos en

  17. Posición comercial regional de los maíces mejorados generados por el INIFAP en Veracruz

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    Ana Lid del Angel-Pérez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. El maíz es un cereal básico en la alimentación mexicana y el más cultivado por los agricultores. Sin embargo, la demanda de maíz para consumo y de semilla mejorada (SM, ha ocasionado fuertes importaciones, pues en 2012, se importaron 9´515,000 t. Gran parte de la demanda de SM es cubierta por empresas transnacionales, y en menor medida por pequeñas empresas privadas y organismos gubernamentales como el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer el mercado regional de SM en el estado de Veracruz, la posición comercial del INIFAP y las variables relevantes que motiva la decisión de compra. Método. En 2015 se aplicó un cuestionario a 100 productores de maíz para grano, en ocho municipios del estado de Veracruz, mediante el muestreo Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS. El instrumento consideró preguntas abiertas y cerradas de opción múltiple, para obtener información socioeconómica y perceptual sobre el conocimiento y uso de semillas mejoradas (SM de origen INIFAP o las que acostumbran sembrar. Resultados y discusión. El 75% del mercado regional de SM, las cubre el INIFAP. El mercado lo constituyen productores en pequeña escala (3.4 ha en promedio. La motivación de siembra depende de la Recomendación de amigos o familiares (p<0.0001. El uso de SM de origen INIFAP, está asociado a las variables socioeconómicas: Cercanía del lugar de compra (0.9451** y Conoce las semillas INIFAP (0.9199**, así como con el hecho de que los productores Siembran SM (0.4320** y Prefiere sembrar SM (0.3844** cuyos coeficientes de correlación son bajos pero fortalecidos por la significancia. Las variables de opinión que favorecen el uso de SM fueron: Tiene ventajas sobre los maíces criollos (0.6162** y Planta con buena arquitectura (0.3938**. Las características perceptuales importantes para el productor al consumir el grano fueron Sabor, Nixtamalizaci

  18. Quito, ciudad de maestros: arquitectos, edificios y urbanismo en el largo siglo XVI

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    Marta Fajardo de Rueda

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Con una amplia bibliografía y una cuidadosa documentación, este libro da cuenta del trabajo de los hábiles artistas y artesanos, tanto europeos como indígenas y criollos, que contribuyeron a la edificación de la Quito colonial entre 1580 y 1720. Como ocurrió con la pintura y con la escultura, la arquitectura en América también se inspiró con frecuencia en los grabados que provenían de Europa, hábilmente interpretados y adaptados por estos artistas. La autora cumple una labor meritoria al rescatar, a través de las obras y documentos de archivo, los nombres y etnias de muchos artistas indígenas, cuyo trabajo no había sido suficientemente reconocido por los historiadores. Con una bella presentación, el libro está novedosa y ampliamente ilustrado por la autora Susan Verdi Webster y los fotógrafos Hernán Lautaro Navarrete y Christoph Hirtz.ABSTRACTWith an extensive bibliography and careful documentation, this book describes the work of skilled artists and craftsmen —European, indigenous and Criollo—, who contributed to the building of colonial Quito between 1580 and 1720. As with painting and sculpture, architecture in America was often inspired by the engravings that came from Europe, skillfully interpreted and adapted by these artists. The author deserves credit for rescuing, with the aid of the buildings themselves and archival documents, the names and ethnicities of many indigenous artists whose work had not been sufficiently recognized by historians. The book is beautifully designed and extensively illustrated by the author, Susan Verdi Webster, and photographers Hernán Lautaro Navarrete and Christoph Hirtz.RESUMOCom uma ampla bibliografia e uma cuidadosa documentação, este livro dá conta do trabalho dos hábeis artistas e artesãos, tanto europeus como indígenas e crioulos que contribuíram à edificação da grande cidade de Quito colonial entre 1580 e 1720. Como ocorreu com a pintura e com a escultura, a arquitetura

  19. Caracterización fenotípica, productiva y reproductiva de la cabra blanca Criolla del “Filo Mayor” de la Sierra Madre del Sur en el estado de Guerrero

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    Rubén Darío Martínez Rojero

    2013-01-01

    .8%; asimismo la cabra en estudio presentó alta proporción de celos menores de 36 h (81.0%. Se concluye que el grupo caprino estudiado presenta características fenotípicas y de comportamiento productivo y reproductivo propios, que la diferencian de otros grupos caprinos Criollos de la región y del país, pero que son parecidos a los rasgos informados para uno de sus posibles antecesores, la cabra Celtibérica de España.

  20. José del Carmen Acosta. Un hombre sin enemigos

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    Fernando Guzmán Mora

    1990-08-01

    Full Text Available

    Introducción
    La medicina colombiana ha sido el fruto de la influencia científica extranjera de los tiempos de la Conquista y la Colonia, cuando los médicos españoles y los criollos por ellos entrenados tenían que competir con los brujos de la Sabana de Bogotá, apoyados en sus limitados conocimientos de fisiopatología y su rudimentaria terapéutica. Más de 350 años después, la brillante medicina europea de mediados del siglo pasado sembró en el pensamiento de nuestros galenos sus semillas morfofisiológicas, con el aporte de la experiencia inglesa, alemana y francesa. Esta última tomó la delantera al comenzar la época delos grandes clínicos, quienes por medio de signos a veces casi imperceptibles aprendieron a diagnosticar verdaderas filigranas y sentaron las bases de la observación médica moderna, en la cual se formaron nuestros antepasados de finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX.

    Esta medicina, que pudo haber perdurado al evolucionar por medio de la tecnología y de la aplicación de métodos científicos modernos, fue golpeada adicionalmente en su infraestructura por las dos conflagraciones mundiales que sumieron a Europa en la pobreza y la barbarie. En esta coyuntura histórica tuvo que dar paso a la imponente medicina norteamericana, pragmática por excelencia, que con figuras como Halstead y los hermanos Mayo ya se había destacado en el concierto científico mundial a través de sus postulados biológicos experimentales, su enorme respaldo económico y su compulsiva búsqueda de respuestas en las ciencias básicas, que la llevaron a ser la primera en el mundo, desplazando la figura del antiguo clínico y médico de familia por el frío biólogo especializado, imbuido de una formación casi matemática, la cual mejoró los cimientos de la moderna patología pero, en buena parte, deshumanizó al enfermo convirtiéndolo en número estadístico y enfrió casi hasta el punto de congelación la

  1. La Iglesia en la formación nacional hispanoamericana y en los orígenes de su Estado constitucional

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    María Nuñez Martínez

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo resalta la importancia de la Iglesia Católica en la conformación del Imperio español, como consecuencia de la importancia de dicha Institución en la formación y legitimación tanto de la Monarquía Autoritaria de los Reyes Católicos como en el posterior periodo de Monarquía Absoluta, de tal forma que puede considerarse a la religión como el elemento unificador del poder político y aglutinante de la Nación española primero y posteriormente del Imperio español. Las razones de la Corona para la expansión de la religión a las Indias es consecuencia en principio de la doctrina de la teocracia desarrollada en el medioevo a favor de la universal soberanía papal, que legitimaba la adquisición de nuevos territorios para los Monarcas cristianos, en virtud de que ello significara la incorporación al seno de la Iglesia de estos pueblos. La evangelización americana se produce mediante la tutela del Estado y no teniendo como centro de impulsión al Vaticano, poniéndose de manifiesto la incardinación de la acción religiosa en el contexto de la política imperial, de tal forma que el papado debió conceder una serie de privilegios al Rey conocidos como el Derecho de Patronato Americano, control estatal que se consolidará mediante el Pase Regio obtenido por el Emperador Carlos V en 1538, y que alcanzará el máximo control estatal durante el siglo XVIII con la aplicación del concepto francés de regalía. En virtud de la estrecha alianza indicada entre Iglesia y Monarquía Absoluta el proceso independentista criollo chocaría frontalmente con las jerarquías eclesiásticas, de tal forma que son numerosos los escritos papales condenatorios de la independencia americana.   The article stresses the importance of the Catholic church in the formationof the Spanish Empire, as a result of the significance of thatinstitution in the formation and legitimation of the authoritarian Monarchy of the Catholic Kings as well the following

  2. Pensar en español en el mundo iberoamericano multiculturalista

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    Velasco Gómez, Ambrosio

    2008-12-01

    íficamente el castellano desplazó a las lenguas autóctonas de América y con ello a sus culturas originales. Pero desde el mismo siglo XVI, los naturales, mestizos castellanizados, empezaron a utilizar la lengua impuesta para conformar junto con los criollos una auténtica cultura nacional, dentro de la cual el pasado de las culturas prehispánicas vencidas por las armas, la religión y la lengua españolas cobra un nuevo significado dentro de la abigarrada cultura barroca con una enorme originalidad y un gran potencial emancipador. En el caso de México esta cultura barroca magistralmente pensada y escrita en español durante los siglos XVII y XVIII por Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Sigüenza y Góngora, Clavijero, Alegre y Marqués, entre otros, dio lugar a lo que varios autores han llamado “el nacionalismo criollo”, originaria ideología de la independencia. Así pues, el castellano originariamente una lengua imperial y conquistadora, se ha convertido a lo largo de los siglos en un espacio cultural de construcción de identidades y de recurso para la emancipación de los pueblos y naciones hispanoamericanas. Pero habrá que reflexionar sobre los riesgos del español, o más específicamente del castellano, de reproducir el papel excluyente y colonialista que ha tenido en diferentes momentos históricos. En el ámbito latinoamericano es particularmente importante que la lengua que hablamos se abra en diálogo intercultural con las lenguas, culturas y saberes indígenas que han sobrevivido quinientos años de dominación. Esta fue la actitud y la tarea de los primeros humanistas que vinieron a evangelizar y castellanizar. A esta comunidad de diálogo intercultural pertenecen desde Vives, Vitoria, de la Veracruz y Las Casas, hasta los republicanos del exilio español como Xirau, Sánchez Vázquez, José Gaos, Gallegos Rocaful, Wenceslao Roces, Eduardo Nicol, León Felipe, entre otros mucho. Todos ellos han sido forjadores de un diálogo intercultural que constituye lo m

  3. “Antonio Vargas Reyes y la Medicina del Siglo XIX”. Del Académico Roberto de Zubiría

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    Efraim Otero Ruiz

    2004-03-01

    .

    Antes de ello y a modo de introducción, Zubiría hace un recuento de las escuelas de pensamiento médico de la época, dividiéndolas entre brownianos y broussainianos, según siguieran las teorías del estímulo de Brown o de la irritación de Broussais, aquellos representados por los granadinos de origen inglés Cheyne, Davoren y Dudley –con su seguidor, el criollo José Joaquín García- y éstos por Dasté y Broc, llegados de Francia en 1823. Sin embargo, la práctica empírica de la época seguía observando los derroteros trazados por la medicina española del siglo XVIII, con su poco de intervencionismo y su mucho de charlatanismo. De ahí lo notable del esfuerzo de Mutis por modernizar no sólo la enseñanza científica sino la médica, aportando los conocimientos que con él llegaban de Feijóo y del iluminismo español del siglo precedente. Ese primer capítulo se cierra con el pénsum dela escuela de Mutis y con los que el autor llama “cursos para cirujanos romanticistas”, en los que incluye el listado de quienes fueran los pioneros de la medicina colombiana del XIX. Entre ellos se cuentan los varios médicos de la familia Vargas, mencionados en el capítulo III.

    El capítulo II había tratado sobre la medicina hasta la segunda mitad del siglo, mostrando la evolución que Laín Entralgo ha denominado “de la escuela anatomoclínica a la fisiopatológica y de ahí a la etiopatológica”, con sus principales representantes y el número de médicos graduados en Bogotá entre 1836 y 1852. Menciona también las tres etapas en la evolución de la educación médica: una, la de las llamadas “universidades liberales” entre 1826 y 1842; otra, la de las “universidades de rígida disciplina”, entre 1842 y 1850, seguidas de un período relativamente anárquico y desorganizado, entre 1850 y 1867, año éste último en que se funda la Universidad Nacional y se reglamentan y regularizan las cátedras que, mutatis mutandi, llegarán hasta nuestros d