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Sample records for crassa nied malpighiaceae

  1. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and immunostimulatory effect of extracts from Byrsonima crassa Nied. (Malpighiaceae

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    Vilegas Wagner

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Several in vitro studies have looked at the effect of medicinal plant extracts against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori. Regardless of the popular use of Byrsonima crassa (B. crassa as antiemetic, diuretic, febrifuge, to treat diarrhea, gastritis and ulcers, there is no data on its effects against H. pylori. In this study, we evaluated the anti-H. pylori of B. crassa leaves extracts and its effects on reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates induction by murine peritoneal macrophages. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC was determined by broth microdilution method and the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO by the horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red and Griess reaction, respectively. Results The methanolic (MeOH and chloroformic (CHCl3 extracts inhibit, in vitro, the growth of H. pylori with MIC value of 1024 μg/ml. The MeOH extract induced the production H2O2 and NO, but CHCl3 extract only NO. Conclusion Based in our results, B. crassa can be considered a source of compounds with anti-H. pylori activity, but its use should be done with caution in treatment of the gastritis and peptic ulcers, since the reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates are involved in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury induced by ulcerogenic agents and H. pylori infections.

  2. Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu (IK: antimicrobial activity and chemical study

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    W. Vilegas

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available

    The methanolic extract of leaves from Byrsonima crassa, a Brazilian medicinal plant, was analyzed by CC and HPLC. Four constituents were isolated and identified as quercetin, methyl gallate, (--epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin-3-O-(2”-galloyl-a-L-arabinopyranoside. The methanolic and hydromethanolic extract, as well as fractions, were evaluated regarding their possible antimicrobial activity using in vitro methods. Results showed that both extracts and fractions exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. Keywords: Byrsonima crassa, antimicrobial activity, Malpighiaceae.

  3. Molecular cloning and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa of the invertase gene from Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carú, M; Cifuentes, V; Pincheira, G; Jiménez, A

    1989-10-01

    A plasmid (named pCN2) carrying a 7.6 kb BamHI DNA insert was isolated from a Neurospora crassa genomic library raised in the yeast vector YRp7. Saccharomyces cerevisiae suco and N. crassa inv strains transformed with pNC2 were able to grow on sucrose-based media and expressed invertase activity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae suco (pNC2) expressed a product which immunoreacted with antibody raised against purified invertase from wild type N. crassa, although S. cerevisiae suc+ did not. The cloned DNA hybridized with a 7.6 kb DNA fragment from BamHI-restricted wild type N. crassa DNA. Plasmid pNC2 transformed N. crassa Inv- to Inv+ by integration either near to the endogenous inv locus (40% events) or at other genomic sites (60% events). It appears therefore that the cloned DNA piece encodes the N. crassa invertase enzyme. A 3.8 kb XhoI DNA fragment, derived from pNC2, inserted in YRp7, in both orientation, was able to express invertase activity in yeast, suggesting that it contains an intact invertase gene which is not expressed from a vector promoter.

  4. Transcription of repetitive DNA in Neurospora crassa

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    Dutta, S K; Chaudhuri, R K

    1975-01-01

    Repeated DNA sequences of Neurospora crassa were isolated and characterized. Approximately 10 to 12 percent of N. crassa DNA sequence were repeated, of which 7.3 percent were found to be transcribed in mid-log phase of mycelial growth as measured by DNA:RNA hybridization. It is suggested that part of repetitive DNA transcripts in N. crassa were mitochondrial and part were nuclear DNA. Most of the nuclear repeated DNAs, however, code for rRNA and tRNA in N. crassa. (auth)

  5. Nie Daojun

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science. Nie Daojun. Articles written in Bulletin of Materials Science. Volume 32 Issue 5 October 2009 pp 549-554 Composites. High-temperature oxidation behaviour of Ti3Si(1–)AlC2 in air · Liu Xiaopan Wan Long Bu Zhongheng Nie Daojun · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF.

  6. Phylogeny of Elatinaceae and the Tropical Gondwanan Origin of the Centroplacaceae(Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae Clade.

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    Liming Cai

    Full Text Available The flowering plant family Elatinaceae is a widespread aquatic lineage inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes, including ∼35(-50 species. Its phylogeny remains largely unknown, compromising our understanding of its systematics. Moreover, this group is particularly in need of attention because the biogeography of most aquatic plant clades has yet to be investigated, resulting in uncertainty about whether aquatic plants show histories that deviate from terrestrial plants. We inferred the phylogeny of Elatinaceae from four DNA regions spanning 59 accessions across the family. An expanded sampling was used for molecular divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction to infer the biogeography of Elatinaceae and their closest terrestrial relatives, Malpighiaceae and Centroplacaceae. The two genera of Elatinaceae, Bergia and Elatine, are monophyletic, but several traditionally recognized groups within the family are non-monophyletic. Our results suggest two ancient biogeographic events in the Centroplacaceae(Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae clade involving western Gondwana, while Elatinaceae shows a more complicated biogeographic history with a high degree of continental endemicity. Our results indicate the need for further taxonomic investigation of Elatinaceae. Further, our study is one of few to implicate ancient Gondwanan biogeography in extant angiosperms, especially significant given the Centroplacaceae(Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae clade's largely tropical distribution. Finally, Elatinaceae demonstrates long-term continental in situ diversification, which argues against recent dispersal as a universal explanation commonly invoked for aquatic plant distributions.

  7. Pterandra pyroidea: a case of pollination shift within Neotropical Malpighiaceae

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    Cappellari, Simone C.; Haleem, Muhammad A.; Marsaioli, Anita J.; Tidon, Rosana; Simpson, Beryl B.

    2011-01-01

    Background and Aims Most Neotropical species of Malpighiaceae produce floral fatty oils in calyx glands to attract pollinating oil-collecting bees, which depend on this resource for reproduction. This specialized type of pollination system tends to be lost in members of the family that occur outside the geographic distribution (e.g. Africa) of Neotropical oil-collecting bees. This study focused on the pollination ecology, chemical ecology and reproductive biology of an oil flower species, Pterandra pyroidea (Malpighiaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. Populations of this species consist of plants with oil-secreting (glandular) flowers, plants with non-oil-secreting flowers (eglandular) or a mix of both plant types. This study specifically aims to clarify the role of eglandular morphs in this species. Methods Data on pollinators were recorded by in situ observations. Breeding system experiments were conducted by isolating inflorescences and by enzymatic reactions. Floral resources, pollen and floral oils offered by this species were analysed by staining and a combination of various spectroscopic methods. Key Results Eglandular flowers of P. pyroidea do not act as mimics of their oil-producing conspecifics to attract pollinators. Instead, both oil-producing and oil-free flowers depend on pollen-collecting bees for reproduction, and their main pollinators are bumble-bees. Floral oils produced by glandular flowers are less complex than those described in closely related genera. Conclusions Eglandular flowers represent a shift in the pollination system in which oil is being lost and pollen is becoming the main reward of P. pyroidea flowers. Pollination shifts of this kind have hitherto not been demonstrated empirically within Neotropical Malpighiaceae and this species exhibits an unusual transition from a specialized towards a generalized pollination system in an area considered the hotspot of oil-collecting bee diversity in the Neotropics. Transitions of this type

  8. Isolation and characterization of cobalt-sensitive mutant of Neurospora crassa

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    Krishnapuram Rashmi

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To isolate and demonstrate the mechanism of metal transport in cobalt-sensitive mutant (CSM of Neurospora crassa (N. crassa. Methods: Isolation of CSM of N. crassa, I50 determination, growth measurements, metal ion uptake studies and sexual crosses were performed to determine the mechanism of sensitivity and locus. Results: CSMs of N. crassa were isolated by mutagenesis with diethyl sulfate. More than 500 isolates were screened and out of these isolates, CSM-I was 5-fold and CSM-II was 10-fold sensitive to Co on liquid medium as compared to the wild type. Compositional analysis of cell wall revealed the decrease in total phosphate content. N. crassa CSM bound much less cobalt to cell wall fraction than wild type. The data indicated closer linkage between resistance and mating type locus (mat, which is, located on LG I. Conclusions: A CSM of N. crassa is 5-fold more sensitive than wild type and cross sensitive to nickel and copper and hyper-accumulates 2-4 fold more toxic metal ions over wild type. The mechanism for sensitivity is decreased in cobalt-binding to cell wall fraction and increased intracellular uptake. N. crassa-acon-3 morphologically resembles the CSM, cobalt-sensitive and maps to similar locus.

  9. Om te staak of nie te staak nie? Die sieninge van 'n aantal swart ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Erna Kinsey

    sig, is eerstens om ondersoek in te stel na 'n groep swart opvoeders se sieninge oor opvoeders se reg om te staak. Tweedens sal na die redes wat hierdie opvoeders aanvoer waarom hulle al aan stakings deel- geneem het of sal deelneem, gelet word. Derdens sal die redes waarom sommige opvoeders nie sal staak nie, ...

  10. Nie sommer nie : Sociohistorical and formal comparative ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    considerations in the rise and maintenance of the modern. Afrikaans negation system. Theresa ... it aims to describe and account for the peculiarity of the modern Afrikaans negative concord marker nie2 in the familiar Western ...... assumed clausal architecture are on the right track. This element appears to be inert in the.

  11. Simple sequence repeats in Neurospora crassa: distribution, polymorphism and evolutionary inference

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    Park Jongsun

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Simple sequence repeats (SSRs have been successfully used for various genetic and evolutionary studies in eukaryotic systems. The eukaryotic model organism Neurospora crassa is an excellent system to study evolution and biological function of SSRs. Results We identified and characterized 2749 SSRs of 963 SSR types in the genome of N. crassa. The distribution of tri-nucleotide (nt SSRs, the most common SSRs in N. crassa, was significantly biased in exons. We further characterized the distribution of 19 abundant SSR types (AST, which account for 71% of total SSRs in the N. crassa genome, using a Poisson log-linear model. We also characterized the size variation of SSRs among natural accessions using Polymorphic Index Content (PIC and ANOVA analyses and found that there are genome-wide, chromosome-dependent and local-specific variations. Using polymorphic SSRs, we have built linkage maps from three line-cross populations. Conclusion Taking our computational, statistical and experimental data together, we conclude that 1 the distributions of the SSRs in the sequenced N. crassa genome differ systematically between chromosomes as well as between SSR types, 2 the size variation of tri-nt SSRs in exons might be an important mechanism in generating functional variation of proteins in N. crassa, 3 there are different levels of evolutionary forces in variation of amino acid repeats, and 4 SSRs are stable molecular markers for genetic studies in N. crassa.

  12. Administrative Management in NIE. A Report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kirk, Irwin

    The purpose of this report is to recommend certain administrative management policies and procedures for the National Institute of Education (NIE). Administrative management activities for NIE are personnel, budget, finance, general services, contracts and grants, and overall administrative management. Management information is included in this…

  13. Hoogmoed as motief in die profetiese uitsprake teen nie-Israelitiese ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    mia, Esegiei, Sefanja en Sagaria maak almal van hoogmoed as motief gebruik wanneer hulle hul uitsprake teen nie-Israelitiese volke maak. Dit is egter opvallend dat Amos nie in sy reeks uitsprake teen nie-. Israelitiese volke hoogmoed ter sprake bring nie. Amos noem wel baie ander redes waarom die volke gestraf word, ...

  14. Triterpenes and antitubercular activity of Byrsonima crassa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Higuchi, Celio Takashi; Pavan, Fernando Rogerio; Leite, Clarice Queico Fujimura [Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Dept. de Ciencias Biologicas]. E-mail: leitecqf@fcfar.unesp.br; Sannomiya, Miriam; Vilegas, Wagner; Leite, Sergio Roberto de Andrade [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica. Dept. de Quimica Geral e Inorganica; Sacramento, Luis Vitor S. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Dept. de Principios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia; Sato, Daisy Nakamura [Instituto Adolfo Lutz de Ribeirao Preto, SP (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    We evaluated the potential antitubercular activity of triterpenes obtained from leaves and bark of Byrsonima crassa. From chloroform extracts of the leaves, by bioassay-guided fractionation, we obtained mixtures of known triterpenes: alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin and their acetates, lupeol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and alpha-amyrinone. Tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the triterpenes exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 31.25 - 312.25 mug/mL. beta-amyrin and friedelin, isolated from the chloroform extract of bark, showed MICs of 312.25 and 125 mug/mL respectively. This is the first report of the identification and determination of the activity of B. crassa triterpenes against M. tuberculosis. (author)

  15. Stigmaphyllonpatricianum-firmenichianum (Malpighiaceae), a new species from Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia.

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    Butaud, Jean-François

    2015-01-01

    A new species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) is described: Stigmaphyllonpatricianum-firmenichianum Butaud. It is restricted to the coral islands of Ouvéa, Lifou and Maré in the Loyalty Islands Province (New Caledonia) and is most similar to Stigmaphyllondiscolor (Gand.) C.E.Anderson, known from New Caledonia and Solomon Islands. Previously, plants now known as Stigmaphyllonpatricianum-firmenichianum were included in Stigmaphyllontaomense (Baker f.) C.E.Anderson, endemic to the northern part of Grande-Terre and Belep Islands (New Caledonia). A new circumscription of Stigmaphyllontaomense is proposed. The regional key for New Caledonian species of Stigmaphyllon is updated.

  16. Leaf glands of Banisteriopsis muricata (Malpighiaceae: distribution, secretion composition, anatomy and relationship to visitors

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    Lays Araújo Nery

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Leaf glands are common structures in Malpighiaceae and exhibit great morphological diversity, yet information on their anatomy, secretion and type of visitors remains scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution, anatomical development and chemical and functional properties of leaf glands of Banisteriopsis muricata (Malpighiaceae. Leaves at different stages of development were collected and processed according to standard techniques for light and scanning electron microscopy. Secretion composition was determined by histochemical tests and test-strips, while gland funciton was determined by field observation of interactions with visitors. Leaf glands were located on the petiole and on the abaxial base of the leaf blade. The gland secretion was found to be a protein-rich nectar that was foraged upon by ants ( Solenopsis; it was found accumulated in subcuticular spaces without pores or stomata for its release. Leaf glands were found to develop from protoderm and ground meristem, and consisted of typical secretory epidermis, nectariferous parenchyma and vascularized subnectariferous parenchyma. Therefore, it can be concluded that the distribution, chemical nature of secretion and anatomy of leaf glands of B. muricata characterize them as EFNs, while foraging by ants indicate a mutualistic relationship that possibly protects the plant against herbivores.

  17. Exploring the bZIP transcription factor regulatory network in Neurospora crassa.

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    Tian, Chaoguang; Li, Jingyi; Glass, N Louise

    2011-03-01

    Transcription factors (TFs) are key nodes of regulatory networks in eukaryotic organisms, including filamentous fungi such as Neurospora crassa. The 178 predicted DNA-binding TFs in N. crassa are distributed primarily among six gene families, which represent an ancient expansion in filamentous ascomycete genomes; 98 TF genes show detectable expression levels during vegetative growth of N. crassa, including 35 that show a significant difference in expression level between hyphae at the periphery versus hyphae in the interior of a colony. Regulatory networks within a species genome include paralogous TFs and their respective target genes (TF regulon). To investigate TF network evolution in N. crassa, we focused on the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF family, which contains nine members. We performed baseline transcriptional profiling during vegetative growth of the wild-type and seven isogenic, viable bZIP deletion mutants. We further characterized the regulatory network of one member of the bZIP family, NCU03905. NCU03905 encodes an Ap1-like protein (NcAp-1), which is involved in resistance to multiple stress responses, including oxidative and heavy metal stress. Relocalization of NcAp-1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was associated with exposure to stress. A comparison of the NcAp-1 regulon with Ap1-like regulons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus showed both conservation and divergence. These data indicate how N. crassa responds to stress and provide information on pathway evolution.

  18. Biologia reprodutiva de doze especies simpatricas de Malpighiaceae em mata semidecidua do sudeste brasileiro

    OpenAIRE

    Maria Rosangela Sigrist

    2001-01-01

    Resumo: A fenologia reprodutiva, a ecologia da polinização e o sistema de reprodução de doze espécies de Malpighiaceae (Banisteriopsis adenopoda (A.Juss.) B.Gates, B. /utea (Griseb.) B.Gates, B. muricata (Cav.) Cuatrec., B. pubipeta/a (A.Juss.) Cuatrec., Dice/la bracteosa (A.Juss.) Griseb., Heteropterys aceroides Griseb., Mascagnia anisopeta/a (AJuss.) Griseb., M cordifolia (A.Juss.) Griseb., M sepium (A.Juss.) Griseb., Stigmaphy/lon /a/andianum A.Juss., Tetrapterys guilleminiana A.Juss., T. ...

  19. Avaliação química e da atividade antidiarréica das folhas de Byrsonima cinera DC. (Malpighiaceae Chemical evaluation and antidiarrhoeal activity of leaves of Byrsonima cinera DC. (Malpighiaceae

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    Maria Eloisa Figueiredo

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available Folhas e cascas de algumas especies do gênero Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae são empregadas popularmente contra diarréia. Contudo, não existem dados na literatura à respeito de investigacões químicas ou farmacológicas dos extratos de B. cinera. Neste estudo, nós avaliamos a atividade antidiarreica dos extratos metanólico e hidrometanólico das folhas de B. cinera em ratos Swiss. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os extratos reduziram signitivamente a motilidade intestinal. Investigacão fitoquímica do extrato metanólico levou ao isolamento e identificacão da (+-catequina e da quercetina-3-O-a-L-arabinopiranosídeo. A atividade observada pode estar correlacaionada com a presença dessas substâncias nos extratos.Leaves and bark of some Byrsonima species (Malpighiaceae are popularly employed against diarrhoeal diseases. However, no data were reported in the literature about the chemisty and pharmacology of extracts from B. cinera leaves. In the present study we evaluated the anti-diarrhoeal activity of methanolic and hydromethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of B. cinera in Swiss mice. Results showed that both extracts reduced significantly the gastrintestinal motility. Phytochemical evaluation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation and identification of (+-catechin and quercetin-3-O-a-L-arabinopyranoside. The observed activity may be correlated to the presence of these compounds in the extract.

  20. FIRST HOST RECORD FOR THE ROOT PARASITE CORYNAEA CRASSA (BALANOPHORACEAE

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    Joel Tupac Otero

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Corynaea crassa es una planta hemiparásita de raiz poco común y de la cual sabemos muy poco acerca  de su historia natural y en particular sobre su rango de hospederos. En este estudio escabamos 32 tuberculos de dicha especie y seguimos las raíces que estaban parasitando para determinar su identidad. Encontramos Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae, Verbesina sp. (Asteraceae, Cayaponia sp. (Cucurbitaceae y Palicourea sp.(Rubiaceae. Este es el primer registro de hospederos disponible para la especies y es información de gran utilidad para las conservación de C. crassa en habitats naturales.

  1. Alcohol consumption and tolerance of Neurospora crassa

    Science.gov (United States)

    The alcohol consumption and tolerance of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa was investigated in this study. This fungus is able to utilize both native alcohol and non-native alcohols as carbon sources, yet little is known about the enzymes involved in these processes. The deletion of alcohol dehydroge...

  2. Structural and functional organization of growing tips of Neurospora crassa Hyphae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Potapova, T V

    2014-07-01

    Data are presented on a variety of intracellular structures of the vegetative hyphae of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa and the involvement of these structures in the tip growth of the hyphae. Current ideas on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of tip growth and regulation of this process are considered. On the basis of comparison of data on behaviors of mitochondria and microtubules and data on the electrical heterogeneity of the hyphal apex, a hypothesis is proposed about a possible supervisory role of the longitudinal electric field in the structural and functional organization of growing tips of the N. crassa hyphae.

  3. Biotechnological production of ethanol from renewable resources by Neurospora crassa: an alternative to conventional yeast fermentations?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dogaris, Ioannis; Mamma, Diomi; Kekos, Dimitris

    2013-02-01

    Microbial production of ethanol might be a potential route to replace oil and chemical feedstocks. Bioethanol is by far the most common biofuel in use worldwide. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most promising renewable resource for fuel bioethanol production. Bioconversion of lignocellulosics to ethanol consists of four major unit operations: pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and product separation/distillation. Conventional bioethanol processes for lignocellulosics apply commercial fungal cellulase enzymes for biomass hydrolysis, followed by yeast fermentation of resulting glucose to ethanol. The fungus Neurospora crassa has been used extensively for genetic, biochemical, and molecular studies as a model organism. However, the strain's potential in biotechnological applications has not been widely investigated and discussed. The fungus N. crassa has the ability to synthesize and secrete all three enzyme types involved in cellulose hydrolysis as well as various enzymes for hemicellulose degradation. In addition, N. crassa has been reported to convert to ethanol hexose and pentose sugars, cellulose polymers, and agro-industrial residues. The combination of these characteristics makes N. crassa a promising alternative candidate for biotechnological production of ethanol from renewable resources. This review consists of an overview of the ethanol process from lignocellulosic biomass, followed by cellulases and hemicellulases production, ethanol fermentations of sugars and lignocellulosics, and industrial application potential of N. crassa.

  4. [Organization of mitochondria in the growing hyphae of Neurospora crassa].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Potapova, T V; Boĭtsova, L Iu; Golyshev, S A; Popinako, A V

    2013-01-01

    In vivo fluorescent labeling of mitochondria in Neurospora crassa showed the concentration of filamentous mitochondria within 30 μm of apex in growing hyphae. These mitochondrial assemblies propagated forward with the elongation of hyphae, split and segregated as the growing tip bifurcated and formed de novo when new branches formed farther away from the apex. The efficiency of the mitochondria concentration in the apical 30 μm zone is related to the growth rate and identical in hyphae cultivated in glucose- and sorbitol-containing media. The obtained data are discussed in connection with the behavior of microtubules in growing hyphae as well as with the electric heterogeneity of N. crassa hyphal apex described previously.

  5. Stress-induced cell death is mediated by ceramide synthesis in Neurospora crassa

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Plesofsky, Nora S; Levery, Steven B; Castle, Sherry A

    2008-01-01

    The combined stresses of moderate heat shock (45 degrees C) and analog-induced glucose deprivation constitute a lethal stress for Neurospora crassa. We found that this cell death requires fatty acid synthesis and the cofactor biotin. In the absence of the cofactor, the stressed cells are particul......The combined stresses of moderate heat shock (45 degrees C) and analog-induced glucose deprivation constitute a lethal stress for Neurospora crassa. We found that this cell death requires fatty acid synthesis and the cofactor biotin. In the absence of the cofactor, the stressed cells...

  6. Products of mitochondrial protein synthesis in neurospora crassa.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sant, Peter van 't

    1982-01-01

    Het onderzoek, dat in dit proefschrift wordt beschreven, omvat verschillende aspecten van de biogenese van de mitochondriën van de ascomyeet Neurospora crassa. Het eerste hoofdstuk bevat een overzicht van de huidige kennis van de verschillende processen, die betrokken zijn bij de opbouw en de

  7. Antiparasitic bromotyrosine derivatives from the Caribbean marine Sponge Aiolochroia crassa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galeano, Elkin; Martinez, Alejandro; Thomas, Olivier P.; Robledo, Sara; Munoz, Diana

    2012-01-01

    Six bromotyrosine-derived compounds were isolated from the Caribbean marine sponge Aiolochroia crassa: 3-bromo-5-hydroxy Ο-methyltyrosine (1), 3-bromo-N,N,N-trimethyltyrosinium (2), 3-bromo-N,N,N,ο-tetramethyltyrosinium (3), 3,5-dibromo-N,N,Ntrimethyltyrosinium (4), 3,5-dibromo-N,N,N,O-tetramethyltyrosinium (5), and aeroplysinin-1 (6). Structural determination was performed using NMR, MS and comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds were screened for their in vitro activity against Leishmania panamensis, Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi. Compound 4 showed selective antiparasitic activity against Leishmania and Plasmodium parasites. This is the first report of compounds 1, 4 and 5 in the sponge A. crassa and the first biological activity reports for compounds 2-4. This work shows that bromotyrosines are potential antiparasitic agents. (author)

  8. Accelerator mass spectrometry researches at NIES-TERRA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shibata, Yasuyuki; Yoneda, Minoru; Tanaka, Atsushi; Uehiro, Takashi; Morita, Masatoshi; Uchida, Masao; Yoshinaga, Jun

    2003-01-01

    In the AMS facility at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES-TERRA; Tandem accelerator for Environmental Research and Radiocarbon Analysis), several research programs have been proceeded, including a program, called GC-AMS, for the compound-specific 14 C analysis in environmental samples

  9. Bioconversion of dilute-acid pretreated sorghum bagasse to ethanol by Neurospora crassa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dogaris, Ioannis; Gkounta, Olga; Mamma, Diomi; Kekos, Dimitris [National Technical Univ. of Athens, Zografou (Greece). Biotechnology Lab.

    2012-07-15

    Bioethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse (SB), the lignocellulosic solid residue obtained after extraction of sugars from sorghum stalks, can further improve the energy yield of the crop. The aim of the present work was to evaluate a cost-efficient bioconversion of SB to ethanol at high solids loadings (16 % at pretreatment and 8 % at fermentation), low cellulase activities (1-7 FPU/g SB) and co-fermentation of hexoses and pentoses. The fungus Neurospora crassa DSM 1129 was used, which exhibits both depolymerase and co-fermentative ability, as well as mixed cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2541. A dilute-acid pretreatment (sulfuric acid 2 g/100 g SB; 210 C; 10 min) was implemented, with high hemicellulose decomposition and low inhibitor formation. The bioconversion efficiency of N. crassa was superior to S. cerevisiae, while their mixed cultures had negative effect on ethanol production. Supplementing the in situ produced N. crassa cellulolytic system (1.0 FPU/g SB) with commercial cellulase and {beta}-glucosidase mixture at low activity (6.0 FPU/g SB) increased ethanol production to 27.6 g/l or 84.7 % of theoretical yield (based on SB cellulose and hemicellulose sugar content). The combined dilute-acid pretreatment and bioconversion led to maximum cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis 73.3 % and 89.6 %, respectively. (orig.)

  10. Characterization of apoptosis-related oxidoreductases from Neurospora crassa.

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    Patrícia Carneiro

    Full Text Available The genome from Neurospora crassa presented three open reading frames homologous to the genes coding for human AIF and AMID proteins, which are flavoproteins with oxidoreductase activities implicated in caspase-independent apoptosis. To investigate the role of these proteins, namely within the mitochondrial respiratory chain, we studied their cellular localization and characterized the respective null mutant strains. Efficiency of the respiratory chain was analyzed by oxygen consumption studies and supramolecular organization of the OXPHOS system was assessed through BN-PAGE analysis in the respective null mutant strains. The results demonstrate that, unlike in mammalian systems, disruption of AIF in Neurospora does not affect either complex I assembly or function. Furthermore, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes of the mutant strains display a similar supramolecular organization to that observed in the wild type strain. Further characterization revealed that N. crassa AIF appears localized to both the mitochondria and the cytoplasm, whereas AMID was found exclusively in the cytoplasm. AMID2 was detected in both mitochondria and cytoplasm of the amid mutant strain, but was barely discernible in wild type extracts, suggesting overlapping functions for the two proteins.

  11. Performa Ayam dan Kualitas Telur yang Menggunakan Ransum Mengandung Onggok Fermentasi dengan Neurospora crassa

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    Nuraini

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding tapioca by-products fermented by Neurospora crassa on layer performances and egg quality. Two hundred layers were randomly allocated into 20 pens. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments: 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% tapioca by product fermented by N. crassa in the diets and five replications. Variable measured were feed comsumption, egg production, feed conversion, egg cholesterol and egg yolk colour. Results of the experiment indicated that feed comsumption, egg production, feed conversion, egg cholesterol and egg yolk colour were affected (P<0.05 by using fermented tapioca by-product in the diets of layers. Results of Duncan multiple range test indicated that feed consumption, egg production, and egg yolk colour in D treatment (used 30% tapioca by-products fermented were the highest compared to those other treatments, but the lowest on feed conversion and egg cholesterol. The conclusion of the experiment that tapioca by-products fermented by N. crassa can be used up to 30% in the diet of layer.

  12. Bioconversion of dilute-acid pretreated sorghum bagasse to ethanol by Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dogaris, Ioannis; Gkounta, Olga; Mamma, Diomi; Kekos, Dimitris

    2012-07-01

    Bioethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse (SB), the lignocellulosic solid residue obtained after extraction of sugars from sorghum stalks, can further improve the energy yield of the crop. The aim of the present work was to evaluate a cost-efficient bioconversion of SB to ethanol at high solids loadings (16 % at pretreatment and 8 % at fermentation), low cellulase activities (1-7 FPU/g SB) and co-fermentation of hexoses and pentoses. The fungus Neurospora crassa DSM 1129 was used, which exhibits both depolymerase and co-fermentative ability, as well as mixed cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2541. A dilute-acid pretreatment (sulfuric acid 2 g/100 g SB; 210 °C; 10 min) was implemented, with high hemicellulose decomposition and low inhibitor formation. The bioconversion efficiency of N. crassa was superior to S. cerevisiae, while their mixed cultures had negative effect on ethanol production. Supplementing the in situ produced N. crassa cellulolytic system (1.0 FPU/g SB) with commercial cellulase and β-glucosidase mixture at low activity (6.0 FPU/g SB) increased ethanol production to 27.6 g/l or 84.7 % of theoretical yield (based on SB cellulose and hemicellulose sugar content). The combined dilute-acid pretreatment and bioconversion led to maximum cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis 73.3 % and 89.6 %, respectively.

  13. Comparative analysis of the mating-type loci from Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora: identification of novel transcribed ORFs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pöggeler, S; Kück, U

    2000-03-01

    The mating-type locus controls mating and sexual development in filamentous ascomycetes. In the heterothallic ascomycete Neurospora crassa, the genes that confer mating behavior comprise dissimilar DNA sequences (idiomorphs) in the mat a and mat A mating partners. In the homothallic fungus Sordaria macrospora, sequences corresponding to both idiomorphs are located contiguously in the mating-type locus, which contains one chimeric gene, Smt A-3, that includes sequences which are similar to sequences found at the mat A and mat a mating-type idiomorphs in N. crassa. In this study, we describe the comparative transcriptional analysis of the chimeric mating-type region of S. macrospora and the corresponding region of the N. crassa mat a idiomorph. By means of RT-PCR experiments, we identified novel intervening sequences in the mating-type loci of both ascomycetes and, hence, concluded that an additional ORF, encoding a putative polypeptide of 79 amino acids, is present in the N. crassa mat a idiomorph. Furthermore, our analysis revealed co-transcription of the novel gene with the mat a-1 gene in N. crassa. The same mode of transcription was found in the corresponding mating-type region of S. macrospora, where the chimeric Smt A-3 gene is co-transcribed with the mat a-specific Smt a-1 gene. Analysis of a Smt A-3 cDNA revealed optional splicing of two introns. We believe that this is the first report of co-transcription of protein-encoding nuclear genes in filamentous fungi. Possible functions of the novel ORFs in regulating mating-type gene expression are discussed.

  14. Un poète grec francophone : Théo Crassas (entretien

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Aranjo

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Dans cet entretien, l’auteur interroge le poète grec Théo Crassas sur ses raisons d’écrire en français. Le contexte familial - un oncle poète et francophone, ainsi que ses parents, éclaire ce choix. S’il est vrai que le français n’est plus la langue impériale qu’il fut longtemps, il n’en demeure pas moins une école universelle, de par ses auteurs classiques qui ont consacré son universalité. À ce titre, le français demeurera aussi capital dans l’histoire des humanités que le grec ancien ou le latin. Crassas se définit comme un cas singulier, car il n’écrit ses textes qu’en français.

  15. Inactivation of Neurospora crassa conidia by singlet molecular oxygen generated by a photosensitized reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shimizu, M.; Egashira, T.; Takahama, U.

    1979-01-01

    Photodynamic damage of Neurospora crassa conidia was studied in the presence of the photosensitizing dye, toluidine blue O. Conidia which germinated to form colonies decreased in number as irradiation time became longer. The photoinactivation of conidia was suppressed by azide, bovine serum albumin, and histidine, and was stimulated in deuterium oxide. Wild-type conidia were less sensitive to the irradiation that albino conidia. In the wild type, carotenoid-enriched conidia were more resistant against the lethal damage than the conidia which contained small amounts of carotenoids. These results suggest that singlet molecular oxygen causes photodynamic lethal damage to N. crassa conidia and that singlet molecular oxygen is quenched by endogenous carotenoids

  16. A novel polyketide biosynthesis gene cluster is involved in fruiting body morphogenesis in the filamentous fungi Sordaria macrospora and Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nowrousian, Minou

    2009-04-01

    During fungal fruiting body development, hyphae aggregate to form multicellular structures that protect and disperse the sexual spores. Analysis of microarray data revealed a gene cluster strongly upregulated during fruiting body development in the ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. Real time PCR analysis showed that the genes from the orthologous cluster in Neurospora crassa are also upregulated during development. The cluster encodes putative polyketide biosynthesis enzymes, including a reducing polyketide synthase. Analysis of knockout strains of a predicted dehydrogenase gene from the cluster showed that mutants in N. crassa and S. macrospora are delayed in fruiting body formation. In addition to the upregulated cluster, the N. crassa genome comprises another cluster containing a polyketide synthase gene, and five additional reducing polyketide synthase (rpks) genes that are not part of clusters. To study the role of these genes in sexual development, expression of the predicted rpks genes in S. macrospora (five genes) and N. crassa (six genes) was analyzed; all but one are upregulated during sexual development. Analysis of knockout strains for the N. crassa rpks genes showed that one of them is essential for fruiting body formation. These data indicate that polyketides produced by RPKSs are involved in sexual development in filamentous ascomycetes.

  17. [The effects of an environmental education with newspaper in education (NIE) on the environmental concern and practice].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sung, Ki-Wol

    2008-12-01

    The purpose of this study was to develop an environmental education program using newspaper articles in education (NIE) and to evaluate changes in concern and practice for environmental protection after NIE. The design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were university students in nursing, of which 31 were assigned to the experimental group and 43 to the control group. The education was carried out for 2 hr, once a week for 7 weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 14 program, and included chi2 test, independent t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. NIE showed significant differences in the changes of attitude toward environment (F=4.461, p=.036). Findings suggest that this NIE in environmental education was effective in changing students' attitudes toward the environment. Therefore this NIE is recommended for inclusion in education for university students in nursing.

  18. Constituents of Corynaea crassa "Peruvian Viagra"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gonzalo R. Malca Garcia

    Full Text Available Abstract A phytochemical investigation of methanol and n-hexane extracts of tuber/roots of Corynaea crassa Hook. f., Balanophoraceae, led to the isolation and characterization of β-sitosterol, lupenone, β-amyrone, lupeol, and β-amyrine. Unusual complex 1:1 mixtures of lupenone/β-amyrone and lupeol/β-amyrine obtained from the extracts were identified by NMR and HR-MS experiments. The structure of the 1:1 lupenone/β-amyrone mixture was confirmed by X-ray analysis. These triterpene ketone derivatives, only distinguished either by 5- or 6-membered E ring, co-crystallize in one common unit cell in the solid state.

  19. Thrombasthénie de Glanzmann: à propos de 11 cas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mukendi, Jean-Louis Ntumba; Benkirane, Souad; Masrar, Azlarab

    2015-01-01

    Introduction La thrombasthénie de Glanzmann est une pathologie hémorragique héréditaire rare due à une déficience ou un dysfonctionnement du complexe glycoprotéique IIb/IIIa de la membrane plaquettaire. Le but de notre étude est de décrire les caractéristiques démographiques, cliniques et biologiques d'une série de patients atteints de thrombasthénie de Glanzmann. Méthodes C'est une étude portant sur tous les patients atteints de thrombasthénie de Glanzmann diagnostiqués au Laboratoire Central d'Hématologie du Centre Hospitalier Ibn Sina de Rabat au Maroc pendant la période allant du 1er mars 2011 au 31 mars 2013, soit 25 mois. Après avoir recueilli les données épidémiologiques et cliniques de nos patients, nous avons réalisé une étude biologique comportant une numération plaquettaire et une agrégométrie. Résultats 11 patients ont présenté des profils agrégométriques compatibles à une TG. La majorité de ces malades étaient issus de mariages consanguins (54,5%) et originaires de régions situées dans le nord du Maroc. Le syndrome hémorragique s'est révélé principalement cutanéo-muqueux, avec une prédominance des gingivorragies (72,7%), des épistaxis (63,6%) et des ecchymoses (45,5%). Conclusion Nos résultats ont montré que la thrombasthénie de Glanzmann est une pathologie relativement fréquente au Maroc. PMID:26587119

  20. Isolation, Fractionation and Characterization of Catalase from Neurospora crassa (InaCC F226)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suryani; Ambarsari, L.; Lindawati, E.

    2017-03-01

    Catalase from Indigenous isolate Neurospora crassa InaCC F226 has been isolated, fractionated and characterized. Production of catalase by Neurospora crassa was done by using PDA medium (Potato Dextrosa Agar) and fractionated with ammonium sulphate with 20-80% saturation. Fraction 60% was optimum saturation of ammonium sulphate and had highest specific activity 3339.82 U/mg with purity 6.09 times, total protein 0.920 mg and yield 88.57%. The optimum pH and temperature for catalase activity were at 40°C and pH 7.0, respectively. The metal ions that stimulated catalase activity acted were Ca2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+, and inhibitors were EDTA, Mg2+ and Cu2+. Based on Km and Vmax values were 0.2384 mM and 13.3156 s/mM.

  1. Differential gene expression in Neurospora crassa cell types: heterogeneity and amplification of rRNA genes. Progress report, July 1980-June 30, 1981

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dutta, S.K.

    1981-01-01

    The significant results obtained during 1980-1981 year of the current research program are as follows: I. Studies on heterogeneity of multiple copies of rDNAs from N. crassa cell types are being continued, such as: (1) Autoradiographs of Southern transfers of EcoR 1 restricted fragments of nuclear DNA from conidia, germinated conidia (sprouts) and mycelia of N. crassa were compared after hybridization with 32 P-rDNA probe. The nuclear DNA of two hours sprout and of 16 hours mycelia gave similar hybridization patterns with EcoR 1 digest, but no such hybridization pattern was evident in conidial DNA digest; (2) Procedure for concentration of rDNAs from Neurospora species and cell types was standardized; restriction analysis of purified rDNAs is being done; (3) 35S total rDNA clone, 17S rDNA clone and 26S rDNA subclone are being used to see gross differences in the precursor rRNAs of different cell types; (4) Comparison of DNA:DNA homologies of rRNA genes with different Neurospora species. II. Post-mitochondrial DNAs of N. crassa are found to be rDNA-like and were further characterized by electron microscopic studies and are found to be approximately twice the size of SV-40 DNAs. These N. crassa post-mitochondrial DNAs hybridized with 32 P-labeled N. crassa nuclear DNAs. III. Previous studies on differential RNase sensitive DNA polymerase activity in N. Crassa cell types and on evolution of sexual morphogenesis in the genus Neurospora are completed and published. RNase sensitive DNA polymerase activity is found to be in the post-mitochondrial fraction. Heterothallism in the genus Neurospora is evolved from homothallism

  2. The Effect of Chrysonilia crassa Additive on Duodenal & Caecal Morphology, Bacterial & Fungal Number, and Productivity of Ayam Kampung

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Turrini Yudiarti

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Fungi is a microorganism that can live in gastrointestinal tract of chicken. One type of fungi is multicellular or filamentous fungi. C.crassa is a species of filamentous fungi that has been isolated in the earlier study and it showed the best probiotic potency in vitro. The obyective of this research was to study the effect of addition of dried culture of  C.crassa in feed on intestinal & caecal morphology, bacterial & fungal number, and  productivity of indigenous chicken (ayam kampung. Research used completely randomized design with four treatments. The treatments were the level of  dried culture in basal diet (0%, 0.25 %,  0.50 % and 0.75 %. Each treatment was replicated 5 times and each replicate consists of 10 chickens. The parameters observed were : villi morphology, number of bacteria and fungi in the duodenum and cecum of chickens aged 1, 21 and 35 days and productivity i.e. feed intake, final body weight and feed conversion. The results showed that 0.50% dried culture of C.crassa could increase the duodenal villi width, decreased the number of bacterial and fungal colonies in duodenum and caecum, but it did not increase productivity. The conclusion : C.crassa could stimulate the duodenal villi development and decreased the number of the bacteria and fungi in the gastrointestinal tract, yet it has no positive impact on the chicken productivity.

  3. The Effect of Chrysonilia crassa Additive on Duodenal & Caecal Morphology, Bacterial & Fungal Number, and Productivity of Ayam Kampung

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. Yudiarti

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Fungi is a microorganism that can live in gastrointestinal tract of chicken. One type of fungi is multicellular or filamentous fungi. C.crassa is a species of filamentous fungi that has been isolated in the earlier study and it showed the best probiotic potency in vitro. The obyective of this research was to study the effect of addition of dried culture of C.crassa in feed on intestinal & caecal morphology, bacterial & fungal number, and productivity of indigenous chicken (ayam kampung. Research used completely randomized design with four treatments. The treatments were the level of dried culture in basal diet (0%, 0.25 %, 0.50 % and 0.75 %. Each treatment was replicated 5 times and each replicate consists of 10 chickens. The parameters observed were : villi morphology, number of bacteria and fungi in the duodenum and cecum of chickens aged 1, 21 and 35 days and productivity i.e. feed intake, final body weight and feed conversion. The results showed that 0.50% dried culture of C.crassa could increase the duodenal villi width, decreased the number of bacterial and fungal colonies in duodenum and caecum, but it did not increase productivity. The conclusion : C.crassa could stimulate the duodenal villi development and decreased the number of the bacteria and fungi in the gastrointestinal tract, yet it has no positive impact on the chicken productivity

  4. The Effect of Chrysonilia crassa Additive on Duodenal & Caecal Morphology, Bacterial & Fungal Number, and Productivity of Ayam Kampung

    OpenAIRE

    Turrini Yudiarti; V. D. Yunianto B.I; R. Murwani; E. Kusdiyantini

    2012-01-01

    Fungi is a microorganism that can live in gastrointestinal tract of chicken. One type of fungi is multicellular or filamentous fungi. C.crassa is a species of filamentous fungi that has been isolated in the earlier study and it showed the best probiotic potency in vitro. The obyective of this research was to study the effect of addition of dried culture of  C.crassa in feed on intestinal & caecal morphology, bacterial & fungal number, and  productivity of indigenous chicken (ayam kamp...

  5. Morphological mutants of Neurospora crassa: possible evidence of abnormal morphology due to changes in DNA composition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chaudhuri, R K; Dutta, S.K. Ojha, M.

    1973-01-01

    DNA from seven experimentally induced morphological mutants and the wild type strain 74A of Neurospora crassa showed typical bimodal denaturation profiles in a Gilford 2400 spectrophotometer. The ''slime'' and ''ropy'' mutants showed a comparatively high proportion of A + T rich DNA sequences. Studies on thermal denaturation, percent hybridization, and thermal stability indicate the DNA sequences of the slime mutant were distinctly different from the normal genomes of parental DNA as well as other wild type DNAs. No such difference was noticed in any other mutant and natural isolate of the species N. crassa tested. These studies indicate possible correlation between a change in DNA nucleotide sequences and abnormal morphogenesis.

  6. Neurospora crassa ncs-1, mid-1 and nca-2 double-mutant ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    logue of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 has a role in growth, cal- cium stress tolerance, and ultraviolet survival. Genetica 139,. 885–894. Lew R. R., Abbas Z., Anderca M. I. and Free S. J. 2008 Phe- notype of a mechanosensitive channel mutant, mid-1, in a fil- amentous fungus, Neurospora crassa. Eukaryot. Cell. 7, 647–. 655.

  7. SnoRNAs from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa: structural, functional and evolutionary insights

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chen Chun-Long

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background SnoRNAs represent an excellent model for studying the structural and functional evolution of small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional modification machinery for rRNAs and snRNAs in eukaryotic cells. Identification of snoRNAs from Neurospora crassa, an important model organism playing key roles in the development of modern genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology will provide insights into the evolution of snoRNA genes in the fungus kingdom. Results Fifty five box C/D snoRNAs were identified and predicted to guide 71 2'-O-methylated sites including four sites on snRNAs and three sites on tRNAs. Additionally, twenty box H/ACA snoRNAs, which potentially guide 17 pseudouridylations on rRNAs, were also identified. Although not exhaustive, the study provides the first comprehensive list of two major families of snoRNAs from the filamentous fungus N. crassa. The independently transcribed strategy dominates in the expression of box H/ACA snoRNA genes, whereas most of the box C/D snoRNA genes are intron-encoded. This shows that different genomic organizations and expression modes have been adopted by the two major classes of snoRNA genes in N. crassa . Remarkably, five gene clusters represent an outstanding organization of box C/D snoRNA genes, which are well conserved among yeasts and multicellular fungi, implying their functional importance for the fungus cells. Interestingly, alternative splicing events were found in the expression of two polycistronic snoRNA gene hosts that resemble the UHG-like genes in mammals. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the extensive separation and recombination of two functional elements of snoRNA genes has occurred during fungus evolution. Conclusion This is the first genome-wide analysis of the filamentous fungus N. crassa snoRNAs that aids in understanding the differences between unicellular fungi and multicellular fungi. As compared with two yeasts, a more complex

  8. Le khatchkar ou la construction de sa petite Arménie.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marie-Blanche Fourcade

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available « C’est une reproduction d’un khatchkar que mon fils m’a rapporté d’Arménie. Je l’ai mis dans un endroit choisi pour moi, c’est comme une communion avec l’Arménie » disait Vichen lors d’un entretien que je menais sur le patrimoine domestique de la diaspora arménienne au Québec. La plaque de tuff ornée d’une croix 1 , surmontée de motifs végétaux et géométriques est installée sur le manteau de sa cheminée, dans le sous-sol aménagé de sa maison. Elle ...

  9. Observation of stratospheric ozone with NIES lidar system in Tsukuba, Japan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakane, H.; Hayashida, S.; Sasano, Y.; Sugimoto, N.; Matsui, I.; Minato, A.

    1992-01-01

    Lidars are expected to play important roles in an international monitoring network of the stratosphere such as the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in Tsukuba constructed an ozone lidar system in March 1988 and started observation in August 1988. The lidar system has a 2-m telescope and injection locked XeCl and XeF excimer lasers which can measure ozone profiles (15-45 km) and temperature profiles (30-80 km). From December 1991, lidar observations have been carried out in which the second Stokes line of the stimulated Raman scattering of a KrF laser has been used. Ozone profiles obtained with the NIES lidar system are compared with the data provided by the SAGE II satellite sensor. Results showed good agreement for the individual and the zonal mean profiles. Variations of ozone with various time scales at each altitude can be studied using the data obtained with the NIES ozone lidar system. Seasonal variations are easily found at 20 km, 30 km, and 35 km, which are qualitatively understood as a result of dynamical and photochemical effects. Systematic errors of ozone profiles due to the Pinatubo stratospheric aerosols have been detected using multi-wavelength observation

  10. Inhibitory effects of sanguinarine against the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 and possible mechanisms of action

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shao, Jihai [College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China); Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China); Liu, Deming [State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China); Gong, Daoxin; Zeng, Qingru; Yan, Zhiyong [College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China); Gu, Ji-Dong, E-mail: jdgu@hku.hk [Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China); Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (China)

    2013-10-15

    Highlights: •Sanguinarine was found as a strong algicidal biologically derived substance. •Sanguinarine can induce oxidative stress in the cells of Microcystis aeruginosa. •Photosystem is a target of toxicity of sanguinarine on M. aeruginosa. •Sanguinarine can induce DNA damage and inhibit cell division. -- Abstract: Sanguinarine showed strong inhibitory effect against Microcystis aeruginosa, a typical water bloom-forming and microcystins-producing cyanobacterium. The EC50 of sanguinarine against the growth of M. aeruginosa NIES-843 was 34.54 ± 1.17 μg/L. Results of chlorophyll fluorescence transient analysis indicated that all the electron donating side, accepting side, and the reaction center of the Photosystem II (PS II) were the targets of sanguinarine against M. aeruginosa NIES-843. The elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the cells of M. aeruginosa NIES-843 upon exposure indicated that sanguinarine induced oxidative stress in the active growing cells of M. aeruginosa NIES-843. Further results of gene expression analysis indicated that DNA damage and cell division inhibition were also involved in the inhibitory action mechanism of sanguinarine against M. aeruginosa NIES-843. The inhibitory characteristics of sanguinarine against M. aeruginosa suggest that the ecological- and public health-risks need to be evaluated before its application in cyanobacterial bloom control to avoid devastating events irreversibly.

  11. Pollination and Reproductive Biology of Twelve Species of Neotropical Malpighiaceae: Stigma Morphology and its Implications for the Breeding System

    Science.gov (United States)

    SIGRIST, MARIA ROSÂNGELA; SAZIMA, MARLIES

    2004-01-01

    • Background and Aims This study on reproductive biology examines the stigmatic morphology of 12 Brazilian Malpighiaceae species with regard to their pollination and breeding system. • Methods The species were studied in natural populations of a semi‐deciduous forest fragment. Style tips were processed for observation by SEM and pollen‐tube growth was analyzed under fluorescence microscopy. The breeding system was investigated by isolating flowers within waterproof bags. Floral visitors were recorded through notes and photographs. • Key Results Flowers are yellow, pink or white, protogynous, herkogamous and sometimes lack oil glands. While Banisteriopsis pubipetala has functional female flowers (with indehiscent anthers), 11 species present hermaphrodite flowers. Stigmas of these species may be terminal, with a slightly concave surface, or internal, consisting of a circular cavity with a large orifice, and are covered with a thin, impermeable cuticle that prevents pollen from adhering, hydrating, or germinating. Malpighiaceae have a special type of ‘wet’ stigma, where a secretion accumulates under the cuticle and is released by mechanical means—mainly rupture by pollinators. Even though six species show a certain degree of self‐compatibility, four of them present a form of late‐acting self‐incompatibility, and the individual of B. pubipetala is agamospermous. Species of Centris, Epicharis and Monoeca bees pollinate these flowers, mainly collecting oil. Some Epicharis and Monoeca species collected pollen by vibration. Paratetrapedia and Tetrapedia bees are pollen and oil thieves. • Conclusions The Malpiguiaceae species studied are pollinator‐dependent, as spontaneous self‐pollination is limited by herkogamy, protogyny and the stigmatic cuticle. Both the oil‐ and pollen‐collecting behaviours of the pollinators favour the rupture of the stigmatic cuticle and the deposition of pollen on or inside the stigmas. As fruit‐set rates in

  12. Molecular Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Ileum and Coecum Broiler Chicken Fed by Chrysonilia crassa Fermentation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nur Jannah, Siti; Khotimah, Husnul; Siti Ferniah, Rejeki; Sugiharto

    2018-05-01

    The Lactid Acid Bakteria (LAB) are microflora in the digestive tract which has positive roles in poultry’s health. One of the factors diversity of LAB in the gatrointestinal tract are influenced by feeding factor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the LAB diversity in ileum and coecum after being fed on fermented Chrysonilia crassa molecularly. LAB species diversity was analysed to provide a baseline profile of the microbial community database on the ileum and coecum digestive tract of broiler chicken of control (commercial feed) and treatment (feed with Chrysonilia crassa fermentation) by the method of Terminal Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphism The calculated values werethe number of phylotypes, relative abundace, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), evennes index (E’), and similarity. Group of LAB detected in the control group were Lactobacillus delbrueckii (180 bp), Lactobacillus sp. (187 bp), Lactobacillus plantarum (572 bp), uncultured bacterium (87 bp) and unidentified (50 bp, 582bp). The result of this study showed that by feeding on the fermented Chrysonilia crassa feed had resulted in the decreasing of LAB diversity, i.e. ileum (0.66), coecum (0.48) compared with commercial feed (control) that was ileum (0.84), coecum (1.05).

  13. Growth responses of Neurospora crassa to increased partial pressures of the noble gases and nitrogen.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Buchheit, R G; Schreiner, H R; Doebbler, G F

    1966-02-01

    Buchheit, R. G. (Union Carbide Corp., Tonawanda, N.Y.), H. R. Schreiner, and G. F. Doebbler. Growth responses of Neurospora crassa to increased partial pressures of the noble gases and nitrogen. J. Bacteriol. 91:622-627. 1966.-Growth rate of the fungus Neurospora crassa depends in part on the nature of metabolically "inert gas" present in its environment. At high partial pressures, the noble gas elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) inhibit growth in the order: Xe > Kr> Ar > Ne > He. Nitrogen (N(2)) closely resembles He in inhibitory effectiveness. Partial pressures required for 50% inhibition of growth were: Xe (0.8 atm), Kr (1.6 atm), Ar (3.8 atm), Ne (35 atm), and He ( approximately 300 atm). With respect to inhibition of growth, the noble gases and N(2) differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the order of effectiveness found with other biological effects, i.e., narcosis, inhibition of insect development, depression of O(2)-dependent radiation sensitivity, and effects on tissue-slice glycolysis and respiration. Partial pressures giving 50% inhibition of N. crassa growth parallel various physical properties (i.e., solubilities, solubility ratios, etc.) of the noble gases. Linear correlation of 50% inhibition pressures to the polarizability and of the logarithm of pressure to the first and second ionization potentials suggests the involvement of weak intermolecular interactions or charge-transfer in the biological activity of the noble gases.

  14. Conidiation of Neurospora crassa induced by treatment with natrium fluoride in submerged culture

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Timberlake, W E; Turian, G

    1975-01-01

    A transient treatment of pregerminated conidia of Neurospora crassa with NaF induced young, submerged cultures to prematurely differentiate conidia. The inductive treatment decreased the rate of respiration (with lower RQ), reduced the relative concentration of nucleoside triphosphates, and inhibited leucine incorporation into protein and adenosine incorporation into RNA.

  15. Comparative sequence analysis of Sordaria macrospora and Neurospora crassa as a means to improve genome annotation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nowrousian, Minou; Würtz, Christian; Pöggeler, Stefanie; Kück, Ulrich

    2004-03-01

    One of the most challenging parts of large scale sequencing projects is the identification of functional elements encoded in a genome. Recently, studies of genomes of up to six different Saccharomyces species have demonstrated that a comparative analysis of genome sequences from closely related species is a powerful approach to identify open reading frames and other functional regions within genomes [Science 301 (2003) 71, Nature 423 (2003) 241]. Here, we present a comparison of selected sequences from Sordaria macrospora to their corresponding Neurospora crassa orthologous regions. Our analysis indicates that due to the high degree of sequence similarity and conservation of overall genomic organization, S. macrospora sequence information can be used to simplify the annotation of the N. crassa genome.

  16. Unravelling the molecular basis for light modulated cellulase gene expression - the role of photoreceptors in Neurospora crassa

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-01

    Background Light represents an important environmental cue, which exerts considerable influence on the metabolism of fungi. Studies with the biotechnological fungal workhorse Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) have revealed an interconnection between transcriptional regulation of cellulolytic enzymes and the light response. Neurospora crassa has been used as a model organism to study light and circadian rhythm biology. We therefore investigated whether light also regulates transcriptional regulation of cellulolytic enzymes in N. crassa. Results We show that the N. crassa photoreceptor genes wc-1, wc-2 and vvd are involved in regulation of cellulase gene expression, indicating that this phenomenon is conserved among filamentous fungi. The negative effect of VVD on production of cellulolytic enzymes is thereby accomplished by its role in photoadaptation and hence its function in White collar complex (WCC) formation. In contrast, the induction of vvd expression by the WCC does not seem to be crucial in this process. Additionally, we found that WC-1 and WC-2 not only act as a complex, but also have individual functions upon growth on cellulose. Conclusions Genome wide transcriptome analysis of photoreceptor mutants and evaluation of results by analysis of mutant strains identified several candidate genes likely to play a role in light modulated cellulase gene expression. Genes with functions in amino acid metabolism, glycogen metabolism, energy supply and protein folding are enriched among genes with decreased expression levels in the wc-1 and wc-2 mutants. The ability to properly respond to amino acid starvation, i. e. up-regulation of the cross pathway control protein cpc-1, was found to be beneficial for cellulase gene expression. Our results further suggest a contribution of oxidative depolymerization of cellulose to plant cell wall degradation in N. crassa. PMID:22462823

  17. Engineering Neurospora crassa for cellobionate production directly from cellulose without any enzyme addition

    Science.gov (United States)

    A previously engineered strain of N. crassa F5'ace-1'cre-1'ndvB) with six out of seven ß-glucosidase (bgl) genes, two transcription factors (cre1 and ace-1) and cellobionate phosphorylase (ndvB) deleted was able to produce cellobiose and cellobionate directly from cellulose without the addition of e...

  18. Rozpoznanie i leczenie alergicznego nieżytu nosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna Grad

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Alergiczny nieżyt nosa (ANN jest najczęstszą chorobą alergiczną na świecie. Często współistnieje z innymi chorobami alergicznymi, np. astmą, alergicznym zapaleniem spojówek lub atopowym zapaleniem skóry. Jest chorobą zapalną o podłożu immunologicznym, wywołaną IgE-zależną reakcją błony śluzowej nosa na alergen. Biorąc pod uwagę czas utrzymywania się objawów, ANN można podzielić na okresowy i przewlekły – ich przebieg może być łagodny oraz umiarkowany lub ciężki. Alergiczny nieżyt nosa jest chorobą zależną od wielu czynników. Za jego rozwój odpowiadają interakcje czynników środowiskowych i genetycznych. Do czynników środowiskowych zalicza się alergeny powietrznopochodne zewnętrzne i domowe (pyłki roślin, zarodniki grzybów pleśniowych, roztocze kurzu domowego, naskórki i sierści zwierząt, owady, alergeny zawodowe i zanieczyszczenia powietrza atmosferycznego. Czynniki genetyczne to atopia i współistnienie określonych polimorfizmów genów. Objawami ANN są świąd, kichanie, surowicza wydzielina nosowa, niedrożność nosa, utrata powonienia. Rozpoznanie ANN opiera się na wykazaniu zgodności pomiędzy objawami i wynikami punktowych testów skórnych lub obecnością we krwi swoistych IgE. Pomiar całkowitego IgE nie jest przydatny w rozpoznaniu ANN, a donosowe próby prowokacyjne są wykorzystywane głównie w badaniach naukowych, rzadziej w praktyce klinicznej. Postępowanie terapeutyczne obejmuje edukację pacjenta, zmniejszenie narażenia na alergeny, leczenie farmakologiczne oraz immunoterapię swoistą. W leczeniu farmakologicznym stosujemy leki przeciwhistaminowe doustne i donosowe, glikokortykosteroidy donosowe i systemowe, leki obkurczające naczynia błony śluzowej nosa, montelukast, bromek ipratropium i kromony. Immunoterapia swoista jest stosowana w leczeniu wybranych grup chorych i wpływa na naturalny przebieg chorób alergicznych.

  19. Dlaczego Słowińcy nie chcą rozmawiać? O antropologicznym czytaniu historii

    OpenAIRE

    Filip, Mariusz

    2015-01-01

    Celem eseju jest oswojenie czytelnika ze sposobem antropologicznej/etnologicznej lektury przeszłości. Nie będzie to czynione poprzez prezentowanie czy formułowanie jakiego teoretycznego programu, lecz przez spojrzenie, jak wygląda to w praktyce. Przykładem będzie intrygująca grypa Słowińców. Pretekstem dla mojego antropologicznego czytania historii, jest postawienie na pozór banalnego, lecz świadomego i przemyślanego pytania: „Dlaczego Słowińcy nie chcą rozmawiać”? To pytanie stało się najważ...

  20. Nanotechnologies et Génie Civil, comment coopérer pour innover ?

    OpenAIRE

    LEBENTAL, Bérengère

    2010-01-01

    On discute la gestion de projet innovant à partir de l'exemple du projet Nanosonar, un projet de coopération entre le CEA-LETI et le LCPC visant au développement de nanocapteur innovant pour le suivi de durabilité en génie civil.

  1. Composição florística e fitossociologia do cerrado sentido restrito no município de Água Boa - MT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felfili Jeanine Maria

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available O estudo foi conduzido no município de Água Boa , no Vale do Araguaia, área de ecótono entre o Cerrado e Amazônia, que apresenta um complexo vegetacional com o predomínio do cerrado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a composição florística e a fitossociologia do cerrado sentido restrito na região. Foram alocadas dez parcelas de 20x50m (1000m². Entraram na amostragem todos os indivíduos lenhosos com diâmetro no nível do solo igual ou superior a 5cm. Além da amostragem com identificação in loco das espécies, foram efetuadas incursões de coleta em áreas próximas, para ampliar o levantamento da composição florística. Foram encontradas 34 famílias botânicas, contendo 60 gêneros e 80 espécies. A família Leguminosae apresentou o maior número de espécies (10, seguida por Myrtaceae (7, Vochysiaceae (6 e Malpighiaceae (5. Outras 19 famílias foram representadas por uma única espécie. As espécies com maior Índice de Valor de Importância foram Curatella americana L., Qualea parviflora Mart., Callisthene fasciculata Mart., Mezilaurus crassiramea (Meiss Taub. e Byrsonima crassa Nied. Treze espécies estiveram representadas por um único indivíduo. A densidade foi de 995 indivíduos/ha e a área basal de 7,5 m² /ha. O índice de Shannon encontrado (H' foi de 3,69, evidenciando a alta diversidade da área.

  2. Characterization of the temperature-sensitive mutations un-7 and png-1 in Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dieterle, Michael G; Wiest, Aric E; Plamann, Mike; McCluskey, Kevin

    2010-05-18

    The model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has been studied for over fifty years and many temperature-sensitive mutants have been generated. While most of these have been mapped genetically, many remain anonymous. The mutation in the N. crassa temperature-sensitive lethal mutant un-7 was identified by a complementation based approach as being in the open reading frame designated NCU00651 on linkage group I. Other mutations in this gene have been identified that lead to a temperature-sensitive morphological phenotype called png-1. The mutations underlying un-7 result in a serine to phenylalanine change at position 273 and an isoleucine to valine change at position 390, while the mutation in png-1 was found to result in a serine to leucine change at position 279 although there were other conservative changes in this allele. The overall morphology of the strain carrying the un-7 mutation is compared to strains carrying the png-1 mutation and these mutations are evaluated in the context of other temperature-sensitive mutants in Neurospora.

  3. Cell Wall Composition of Neurospora crassa Under Conditions of Copper Toxicity

    OpenAIRE

    Subramanyam, C.; Venkateswerlu, G.; Rao, S. L. N.

    1983-01-01

    The mycelia of Neurospora crassa grown in the presence of high concentrations of copper were blue in color, but only on a medium containing inorganic nitrate and phosphate as the nitrogen and phosphate sources, respectively. The cell wall isolate of the blue mycelia contained large amounts (12%) of copper and higher amounts of chitosan, phosphate, and amino groups, with a 42% decrease in the chitin content. Although all the glucosamine of the cell wall of control cultures could be released wi...

  4. Complete genome sequence of cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. NIES-3756, a potentially useful strain for phytochrome-based bioengineering.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hirose, Yuu; Fujisawa, Takatomo; Ohtsubo, Yoshiyuki; Katayama, Mitsunori; Misawa, Naomi; Wakazuki, Sachiko; Shimura, Yohei; Nakamura, Yasukazu; Kawachi, Masanobu; Yoshikawa, Hirofumi; Eki, Toshihiko; Kanesaki, Yu

    2016-01-20

    To explore the diverse photoreceptors of cyanobacteria, we isolated Nostoc sp. strain NIES-3756 from soil at Mimomi-Park, Chiba, Japan, and determined its complete genome sequence. The Genome consists of one chromosome and two plasmids (total 6,987,571 bp containing no gaps). The NIES-3756 strain carries 7 phytochrome and 12 cyanobacteriochrome genes, which will facilitate the studies of phytochrome-based bioengineering. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  5. A Eukaryote without Catalase-Containing Microbodies : Neurospora crassa Exhibits a Unique Cellular Distribution of Its Four Catalases

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schliebs, Wolfgang; Würtz, Christian; Kunau, Wolf-Hubert; Veenhuis, Marten; Rottensteiner, Hanspeter; Wuertz, Christian

    2006-01-01

    Microbodies usually house catalase to decompose hydrogen peroxide generated within the organelle by the action of various oxidases. Here we have analyzed whether peroxisomes (i.e., catalase-containing microbodies) exist in Neurospora crassa. Three distinct catalase isoforms were identified by native

  6. Deletion of pH Regulator pac-3 Affects Cellulase and Xylanase Activity during Sugarcane Bagasse Degradation by Neurospora crassa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amanda Cristina Campos Antoniêto

    Full Text Available Microorganisms play a vital role in bioethanol production whose usage as fuel energy is increasing worldwide. The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa synthesize and secrete the major enzymes involved in plant cell wall deconstruction. The production of cellulases and hemicellulases is known to be affected by the environmental pH; however, the regulatory mechanisms of this process are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of the pH regulator PAC-3 in N. crassa during their growth on sugarcane bagasse at different pH conditions. Our data indicate that secretion of cellulolytic enzymes is reduced in the mutant Δpac-3 at alkaline pH, whereas xylanases are positively regulated by PAC-3 in acidic (pH 5.0, neutral (pH 7.0, and alkaline (pH 10.0 medium. Gene expression profiles, evaluated by real-time qPCR, revealed that genes encoding cellulases and hemicellulases are also subject to PAC-3 control. Moreover, deletion of pac-3 affects the expression of transcription factor-encoding genes. Together, the results suggest that the regulation of holocellulase genes by PAC-3 can occur as directly as in indirect manner. Our study helps improve the understanding of holocellulolytic performance in response to PAC-3 and should thereby contribute to the better use of N. crassa in the biotechnology industry.

  7. Insetos fitófagos associados ao murici da praia, Byrsonima sericea (Malpighiaceae, na Restinga de Jurubatiba (RJ Phytophagous insects associated with Byrsonima sericea (Malpighiaceae at Restinga de Jurubatiba (Rio de Janeiro State

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vivian Flinte

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivos descrever a composição de espécies de insetos fitófagos associados ao murici da praia, Byrsonima sericea (Malpighiaceae, no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba (RJ, Brasil e estudar sua distribuição, sua abundância e alguns aspectos de seu comportamento. Durante 14 meses, de abril de 2003 a maio de 2004, foram vistoriadas bimestralmente 120 plantas, enquanto observações sobre a entomofauna associada a essa planta vêm sendo feitas desde novembro de 2000. Foram encontradas, ao todo, 45 espécies de insetos associadas, sendo 20 de lepidópteros exofíticos, 17 de coleópteros exofíticos, quatro de minadores e quatro de galhadores. Lius sp. (Buprestidae, um besouro minador de folhas, foi a espécie mais abundante e freqüente em B. sericea, seguido pela lagarta Gonioterma indecora (Elachistidae. A comparação entre as lagartas de Lepidoptera associadas a B. sericea na restinga com outras espécies de Byrsonima do cerrado mostrou uma baixa similaridade de insetos destas com B. sericea e uma menor riqueza nesta espécie. Tanto as lagartas de Lepidoptera como os minadores apresentaram seu pico de abundância entre os meses de junho e agosto, precedendo o pico de plantas com folhas novas, enquanto a abundância dos besouros exofíticos aumentou simultaneamente ao brotamento de folhas novas. São discutidas as possíveis causas para os padrões de distribuição temporal observados, bem como descrições de aspectos ecológicos das principais espécies identificadas associadas a B. sericea.This work aimed to investigate the composition, abundance and some behavioral aspects of phytophagous species associated with "murici da praia", Byrsonima sericea (Malpighiaceae, in the National Park of Restinga de Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. During 14 months, from April 2003 to May 2004, bimonthly surveys were conducted on 120 plants, while observations on B. sericea insects were made since November

  8. Réhabilitation psychosociale et schizophrénie : transfert des apprentissages cognitifs dans la vie quotidienne

    OpenAIRE

    Pivot, Lucile

    2016-01-01

    La schizophrénie est une pathologie psychiatrique chronique d’apparition précoce (entre 15 et 25 ans) et relativement fréquente. Elle se caractérise par un ensemble de symptômes très hétérogènes, qui varient au cours de la maladie et dont le retrait social et les difficultés cognitives sont les plus invalidants (Krebs, 2014).Au cours des dernières décennies, la compréhension de la schizophrénie a beaucoup évolué grâce à l’avancée de connaissances dans le domaine des sciences humaines et biomé...

  9. Ķīniešu tradīcijas un Mao Dzeduns: Mao „ci” dzeju interpretācija

    OpenAIRE

    Komova, Ņina

    2010-01-01

    Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Ķīniešu tradīcija un Mao Dzeduns: Mao “ci” dzeju interpretācija”. Šajā darba tiek aplūkota Mao Dzeduna dzeja, kādus dzejoļus viņš rakstīja, kādas bija galvenās tēmas viņā dzejā, kā arī daži no viņa dzejoļu tulkojumi. Šajā laikā cilvēkiem ir izveidojusies liela interese par Ķīnas kultūru, jo īpaši ir interese par literatūru un dzeju. Senā ķīniešu dzeja ir plaši aplūkota arī Latvijā. Ir iztulkoti un komentēti Li Bo darbi, kā arī citi seno ķīniešu autoru darbi. Iz...

  10. Production of cellobionate from cellulose using an engineered Neurospora crassa strain with laccase and redox mediator addition

    Science.gov (United States)

    We report a novel production process for cellobionic acid from cellulose using an engineered fungal strain with the exogenous addition of laccase and a redox mediator. A previously engineered strain of Neurospora crassa (F5'ace-1'cre-1'ndvB) was shown to produce cellobionate directly from cellulose ...

  11. The putative cellodextrin transporter-like protein CLP1 is involved in cellulase induction in Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Pengli; Wang, Bang; Ji, Jingxiao; Jiang, Yongsheng; Wan, Li; Tian, Chaoguang; Ma, Yanhe

    2015-01-09

    Neurospora crassa recently has become a novel system to investigate cellulase induction. Here, we discovered a novel membrane protein, cellodextrin transporter-like protein 1 (CLP1; NCU05853), a putative cellodextrin transporter-like protein that is a critical component of the cellulase induction pathway in N. crassa. Although CLP1 protein cannot transport cellodextrin, the suppression of cellulase induction by this protein was discovered on both cellobiose and Avicel. The co-disruption of the cellodextrin transporters cdt2 and clp1 in strain Δ3βG formed strain CPL7. With induction by cellobiose, cellulase production was enhanced 6.9-fold in CPL7 compared with Δ3βG. We also showed that the suppression of cellulase expression by CLP1 occurred by repressing the expression of cellodextrin transporters, particularly cdt1 expression. Transcriptome analysis of the hypercellulase-producing strain CPL7 showed that the cellulase expression machinery was dramatically stimulated, as were the cellulase enzyme genes including the inducer transporters and the major transcriptional regulators. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  12. The Putative Cellodextrin Transporter-like Protein CLP1 Is Involved in Cellulase Induction in Neurospora crassa*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Pengli; Wang, Bang; Ji, Jingxiao; Jiang, Yongsheng; Wan, Li; Tian, Chaoguang; Ma, Yanhe

    2015-01-01

    Neurospora crassa recently has become a novel system to investigate cellulase induction. Here, we discovered a novel membrane protein, cellodextrin transporter-like protein 1 (CLP1; NCU05853), a putative cellodextrin transporter-like protein that is a critical component of the cellulase induction pathway in N. crassa. Although CLP1 protein cannot transport cellodextrin, the suppression of cellulase induction by this protein was discovered on both cellobiose and Avicel. The co-disruption of the cellodextrin transporters cdt2 and clp1 in strain Δ3βG formed strain CPL7. With induction by cellobiose, cellulase production was enhanced 6.9-fold in CPL7 compared with Δ3βG. We also showed that the suppression of cellulase expression by CLP1 occurred by repressing the expression of cellodextrin transporters, particularly cdt1 expression. Transcriptome analysis of the hypercellulase-producing strain CPL7 showed that the cellulase expression machinery was dramatically stimulated, as were the cellulase enzyme genes including the inducer transporters and the major transcriptional regulators. PMID:25398875

  13. Selection and evaluation of reference genes for expression studies with quantitative PCR in the model fungus Neurospora crassa under different environmental conditions in continuous culture.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kathleen D Cusick

    Full Text Available Neurospora crassa has served as a model organism for studying circadian pathways and more recently has gained attention in the biofuel industry due to its enhanced capacity for cellulase production. However, in order to optimize N. crassa for biotechnological applications, metabolic pathways during growth under different environmental conditions must be addressed. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR is a technique that provides a high-throughput platform from which to measure the expression of a large set of genes over time. The selection of a suitable reference gene is critical for gene expression studies using relative quantification, as this strategy is based on normalization of target gene expression to a reference gene whose expression is stable under the experimental conditions. This study evaluated twelve candidate reference genes for use with N. crassa when grown in continuous culture bioreactors under different light and temperature conditions. Based on combined stability values from NormFinder and Best Keeper software packages, the following are the most appropriate reference genes under conditions of: (1 light/dark cycling: btl, asl, and vma1; (2 all-dark growth: btl, tbp, vma1, and vma2; (3 temperature flux: btl, vma1, act, and asl; (4 all conditions combined: vma1, vma2, tbp, and btl. Since N. crassa exists as different cell types (uni- or multi-nucleated, expression changes in a subset of the candidate genes was further assessed using absolute quantification. A strong negative correlation was found to exist between ratio and threshold cycle (CT values, demonstrating that CT changes serve as a reliable reflection of transcript, and not gene copy number, fluctuations. The results of this study identified genes that are appropriate for use as reference genes in RT-qPCR studies with N. crassa and demonstrated that even with the presence of different cell types, relative quantification is an acceptable method for measuring

  14. Selection and evaluation of reference genes for expression studies with quantitative PCR in the model fungus Neurospora crassa under different environmental conditions in continuous culture.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cusick, Kathleen D; Fitzgerald, Lisa A; Pirlo, Russell K; Cockrell, Allison L; Petersen, Emily R; Biffinger, Justin C

    2014-01-01

    Neurospora crassa has served as a model organism for studying circadian pathways and more recently has gained attention in the biofuel industry due to its enhanced capacity for cellulase production. However, in order to optimize N. crassa for biotechnological applications, metabolic pathways during growth under different environmental conditions must be addressed. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a technique that provides a high-throughput platform from which to measure the expression of a large set of genes over time. The selection of a suitable reference gene is critical for gene expression studies using relative quantification, as this strategy is based on normalization of target gene expression to a reference gene whose expression is stable under the experimental conditions. This study evaluated twelve candidate reference genes for use with N. crassa when grown in continuous culture bioreactors under different light and temperature conditions. Based on combined stability values from NormFinder and Best Keeper software packages, the following are the most appropriate reference genes under conditions of: (1) light/dark cycling: btl, asl, and vma1; (2) all-dark growth: btl, tbp, vma1, and vma2; (3) temperature flux: btl, vma1, act, and asl; (4) all conditions combined: vma1, vma2, tbp, and btl. Since N. crassa exists as different cell types (uni- or multi-nucleated), expression changes in a subset of the candidate genes was further assessed using absolute quantification. A strong negative correlation was found to exist between ratio and threshold cycle (CT) values, demonstrating that CT changes serve as a reliable reflection of transcript, and not gene copy number, fluctuations. The results of this study identified genes that are appropriate for use as reference genes in RT-qPCR studies with N. crassa and demonstrated that even with the presence of different cell types, relative quantification is an acceptable method for measuring gene

  15. Neurospora crassa female development requires the PACC and other signal transduction pathways, transcription factors, chromatin remodeling, cell-to-cell fusion, and autophagy.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jennifer L Chinnici

    Full Text Available Using a screening protocol we have identified 68 genes that are required for female development in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. We find that we can divide these genes into five general groups: 1 Genes encoding components of the PACC signal transduction pathway, 2 Other signal transduction pathway genes, including genes from the three N. crassa MAP kinase pathways, 3 Transcriptional factor genes, 4 Autophagy genes, and 5 Other miscellaneous genes. Complementation and RIP studies verified that these genes are needed for the formation of the female mating structure, the protoperithecium, and for the maturation of a fertilized protoperithecium into a perithecium. Perithecia grafting experiments demonstrate that the autophagy genes and the cell-to-cell fusion genes (the MAK-1 and MAK-2 pathway genes are needed for the mobilization and movement of nutrients from an established vegetative hyphal network into the developing protoperithecium. Deletion mutants for the PACC pathway genes palA, palB, palC, palF, palH, and pacC were found to be defective in two aspects of female development. First, they were unable to initiate female development on synthetic crossing medium. However, they could form protoperithecia when grown on cellophane, on corn meal agar, or in response to the presence of nearby perithecia. Second, fertilized perithecia from PACC pathway mutants were unable to produce asci and complete female development. Protein localization experiments with a GFP-tagged PALA construct showed that PALA was localized in a peripheral punctate pattern, consistent with a signaling center associated with the ESCRT complex. The N. crassa PACC signal transduction pathway appears to be similar to the PacC/Rim101 pathway previously characterized in Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In N. crassa the pathway plays a key role in regulating female development.

  16. Neurospora crassa female development requires the PACC and other signal transduction pathways, transcription factors, chromatin remodeling, cell-to-cell fusion, and autophagy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chinnici, Jennifer L; Fu, Ci; Caccamise, Lauren M; Arnold, Jason W; Free, Stephen J

    2014-01-01

    Using a screening protocol we have identified 68 genes that are required for female development in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. We find that we can divide these genes into five general groups: 1) Genes encoding components of the PACC signal transduction pathway, 2) Other signal transduction pathway genes, including genes from the three N. crassa MAP kinase pathways, 3) Transcriptional factor genes, 4) Autophagy genes, and 5) Other miscellaneous genes. Complementation and RIP studies verified that these genes are needed for the formation of the female mating structure, the protoperithecium, and for the maturation of a fertilized protoperithecium into a perithecium. Perithecia grafting experiments demonstrate that the autophagy genes and the cell-to-cell fusion genes (the MAK-1 and MAK-2 pathway genes) are needed for the mobilization and movement of nutrients from an established vegetative hyphal network into the developing protoperithecium. Deletion mutants for the PACC pathway genes palA, palB, palC, palF, palH, and pacC were found to be defective in two aspects of female development. First, they were unable to initiate female development on synthetic crossing medium. However, they could form protoperithecia when grown on cellophane, on corn meal agar, or in response to the presence of nearby perithecia. Second, fertilized perithecia from PACC pathway mutants were unable to produce asci and complete female development. Protein localization experiments with a GFP-tagged PALA construct showed that PALA was localized in a peripheral punctate pattern, consistent with a signaling center associated with the ESCRT complex. The N. crassa PACC signal transduction pathway appears to be similar to the PacC/Rim101 pathway previously characterized in Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In N. crassa the pathway plays a key role in regulating female development.

  17. A Mouse Neurodegenerative Dynein Heavy Chain Mutation Alters Dynein Motility and Localization in Neurospora crassa

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sivagurunathan, Senthilkumar; Schnittker, Robert R.; Nandini, Swaran; Plamann, Michael D.; King, Stephen J.

    2013-01-01

    Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for the transport and delivery of cargoes in organisms ranging from humans to fungi. Dysfunction of dynein motor machinery due to mutations in dynein or its activating complex dynactin can result in one of several neurological diseases in mammals. The mouse Legs at odd angles (Loa) mutation in the tail domain of the dynein heavy chain has been shown to lead to progressive neurodegeneration in mice. The mechanism by which the Loa mutation affects dynein function is just beginning to be understood. In this work, we generated the dynein tail mutation observed in Loa mice into the Neurospora crassa genome and utilized cell biological and complementing biochemical approaches to characterize how that tail mutation affected dynein function. We determined that the Loa mutation exhibits several subtle defects upon dynein function in N. crassa that were not seen in mice, including alterations in dynein localization, impaired velocity of vesicle transport, and in the biochemical properties of purified motors. Our work provides new information on the role of the tail domain on dynein function and points out areas of future research that will be of interest to pursue in mammalian systems. PMID:22991199

  18. A circadian rhythm of conidiation in Neurospora crassa (L-12)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miyoshi, Yashuhiro

    1993-01-01

    Two fungi growth chambers containing six growth tubes each are used in this experiment. One chamber is for the space experiment; the other is for the simultaneous ground control experiment. The hyphae of Neurospora crassa band A mutant are inoculated at one end of each tube. Both the chambers are kept at 3 C plus or minus 1.5 C to stop hyphae growth until the Spacelab is activated. After the activation, each chamber is transferred simultaneously to the Spacelab and a phytotron in KSC and kept in continuous light at the same temperature. After about 24 hours of light exposure, each chamber is inserted into a growth chamber bag to keep it in constant darkness. The circadian rhythm of conidiation is initiated by this light to dark transition. After the dark incubation for 5 days at room temperature, both the growth chambers are kept at 3 C plus or minus 1.5 C to stop growth of the hyphae. After the space shuttle lands, both conidiation patterns are compared and analyzed. It has been known that numerous physiological phenomena show circadian rhythms. They are characterized by the fact that the oscillation can persist under constant conditions of light and temperature. Therefore, it has been accepted by most investigators that the generation mechanism of the circadian rhythm is endogeneous. However, one cannot reject the possibility that these rhythms are caused by some geophysical exogeneous factor having a 24-hour period, such as atmospheric pressure, gravity, or electromagnetic radiation. We use Neurospora crassa band A mutual which shows an obvious circadian rhythm in its spore-forming (conidiation) on the ground, and we intend to attempt the conidation of this mutant in the Spacelab where 24-hour periodicity is severely attenuated and to elucidate the effect of the geophysical exogeneous factor in the generation mechanism of the circadian rhythm.

  19. Parasitic castration in Fissurella crassa (Archaeogastropoda) due to an adult Digenea, Proctoeces lintoni (Fellodistomidae)

    OpenAIRE

    Oliva,Marcelo E.

    1992-01-01

    Specimens of Fissurella crassa (Archaeogastropoda) from Ilo, southern Perú, are infected with the adult stage of the digenetic trematode Proctoeces lintoni (Fellodistomidae). The histopatological analysis of the male and female gonads show a strong effect of the parasite on the structure and function of these organs. P. lintoni live unencysted in the gonads, and the main mechanical damage is originated by the action of a well developed acetabulum. Chemical actions of parasitic secretions may ...

  20. Ants and their effects on an insect herbivore community associated with the inflorescences of Byrsonima crassifolia (Linnaeus H.B.K. (Malpighiaceae Formigas e seus efeitos em uma comunidade de insetos herbívoros associada com as inflorescências de Byrsonima crassifolia (Linnaeus H.B.K. (Malpighiaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. Wilson Fernandes

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available The effects of ants on the insect community on inflorescences of Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae were tested in an ant exclusion experiment in a cerrado vegetation in southeastern Brazil. Forty-four species of insects (23 families and nine species of ants (6 genera and 3 subfamilies were found on the inflorescences of B. crassifolia. The exclusion of ants, primarily Camponotus sericeiventris and Camponotus spp., reduced the treehopper population to 20% of the original abundance. Ant exclusion and time influenced the abundance of chewing (Exclusion, POs efeitos de formigas na comunidade de insetos em inflorescências de Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae foram testados em um experimento de exclusão em uma vegetação de cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil. Quarenta e quatro espécies de insetos (23 famílias e nove espécies de formigas (seis gêneros e três subfamílias foram encontradas nas inflorescências de B. crassifolia. A exclusão das formigas, principalmente de Camponotus sericeiventris e de Camponotus spp. reduziu a população de membracídeos para 20% da abundância original. Exclusão das formigas e o tempo influenciaram a abundância de insetos mastigadores (exclusão, P<0,001; tempo, P<0,002 e sugadores (exclusão, P<0,02; tempo, P<0,01. Insetos mastigadores e sugadores foram encontrados duas vezes mais em inflorescências com formigas excluídas quando comparados com inflorescências controle (P<0,001. Insetos sugadores foram encontrados 1,5 vezes mais em inflorescências com formigas excluídas do que no controle. Apenas o tempo influenciou significativamente a riqueza de insetos mastigadores e sugadores associados com as inflorescências de B. crassifolia. Inflorescências em ramos controle foram significativamente menos atacadas por herbívoros do que inflorescências em ramos com formigas excluídas (P<0,001. Portanto, estes resultados sugerem que a presença das formigas influencia a estrutura da comunidade de insetos herb

  1. Współwystępowanie astmy, alergicznego nieżytu nosa i idiosynkrazji aspirynowej

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrzej M. Fal

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Astma, alergiczny nieżyt nosa i nadwrażliwość na aspirynę stanowią coraz istotniejszy problem epidemiologiczny. W Polsce, pod kierunkiem Kliniki Chorób Wewnętrznych i Alergologii Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu przeprowadzono badanie epidemiologiczne w 11 ośrodkach. Wynika z niego, że częstość występowania tych problemów klinicznych stale wzrasta. Obecnie na astmę choruje 5,4% populacji, na ANN – 8,5%, a nadwrażliwość na aspirynę dotyczy ok. 0,5% populacji. Inne doniesienia mówią o częstszym występowaniu nadwrażliwości na aspirynę u chorych z atopią. W związku z tak dużym rozpowszechnieniem schorzeń o podłożu alergicznym i szerokim zastosowaniem w leczeniu innych schorzeń kwasu acetylosalicylowego oraz innych leków z grupy niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych, problem częstości współwystępowania tych chorób wydaje się być istotny i jest przedmiotem niniejszej pracy. W analizie retrospektywnej zidentyfikowano wśród pacjentów Kliniki Chorób Wewnętrznych i Alergologii AM we Wrocławiu w latach 1999-2003 grupę 1 557 chorych z co najmniej jednym z rozpoznań: astmy, alergicznego nieżytu nosa lub nadwrażliwości na aspirynę. Astmę zdiagnozowano u 1 015 pacjentów, alergiczny nieżyt nosa u 495, natomiast nadwrażliwość na aspirynę u 363 chorych, co stanowiło odpowiednio: 65%, 32% i 23% grupy. Współwystępowanie astmy i alergicznego nieżytu nosa stwierdzono u 255 pacjentów. Współwystępowanie którejś z powyższych chorób i idiosynkrazji aspirynowej zaobserwowano odpowiednio u 3 i 6% grupy. Wnioskujemy, że alergiczny nieżyt nosa i astma współwystępują z dużą częstością, co świadczy o wspólnym podłożu patogenetycznym tych chorób i potwierdza koncepcję united airways disease. Częstość występowania idiosynkrazji aspirynowej w grupie chorych z atopią jest 10-krotnie większa w porównaniu z populacją ogólną.

  2. Mutational analysis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor pathway demonstrates that GPI-anchored proteins are required for cell wall biogenesis and normal hyphal growth in Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bowman, Shaun M; Piwowar, Amy; Al Dabbous, Mash'el; Vierula, John; Free, Stephen J

    2006-03-01

    Using mutational and proteomic approaches, we have demonstrated the importance of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor pathway for cell wall synthesis and integrity and for the overall morphology of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Mutants affected in the gpig-1, gpip-1, gpip-2, gpip-3, and gpit-1 genes, which encode components of the N. crassa GPI anchor biosynthetic pathway, have been characterized. GPI anchor mutants exhibit colonial morphologies, significantly reduced rates of growth, altered hyphal growth patterns, considerable cellular lysis, and an abnormal "cell-within-a-cell" phenotype. The mutants are deficient in the production of GPI-anchored proteins, verifying the requirement of each altered gene for the process of GPI-anchoring. The mutant cell walls are abnormally weak, contain reduced amounts of protein, and have an altered carbohydrate composition. The mutant cell walls lack a number of GPI-anchored proteins, putatively involved in cell wall biogenesis and remodeling. From these studies, we conclude that the GPI anchor pathway is critical for proper cell wall structure and function in N. crassa.

  3. The bZIP Transcription Factor HAC-1 Is Involved in the Unfolded Protein Response and Is Necessary for Growth on Cellulose in Neurospora crassa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Montenegro-Montero

    Full Text Available High protein secretion capacity in filamentous fungi requires an extremely efficient system for protein synthesis, folding and transport. When the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER is exceeded, a pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR is triggered, allowing cells to mitigate and cope with this stress. In yeast, this pathway relies on the transcription factor Hac1, which mediates the up-regulation of several genes required under these stressful conditions. In this work, we identified and characterized the ortholog of the yeast HAC1 gene in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. We show that its mRNA undergoes an ER stress-dependent splicing reaction, which in N. crassa removes a 23 nt intron and leads to a change in the open reading frame. By disrupting the N. crassa hac-1 gene, we determined it to be crucial for activating UPR and for proper growth in the presence of ER stress-inducing chemical agents. Neurospora is naturally found growing on dead plant material, composed primarily by lignocellulose, and is a model organism for the study of plant cell wall deconstruction. Notably, we found that growth on cellulose, a substrate that requires secretion of numerous enzymes, imposes major demands on ER function and is dramatically impaired in the absence of hac-1, thus broadening the range of physiological functions of the UPR in filamentous fungi. Growth on hemicellulose however, another carbon source that necessitates the secretion of various enzymes for its deconstruction, is not impaired in the mutant nor is the amount of proteins secreted on this substrate, suggesting that secretion, as a whole, is unaltered in the absence of hac-1. The characterization of this signaling pathway in N. crassa will help in the study of plant cell wall deconstruction by fungi and its manipulation may result in important industrial biotechnological applications.

  4. La formacion de anillos de crecimiento en Fissurella crassa en el norte de Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Bretos, Marta

    1980-01-01

    Growth discontinuity in molluscs result in the formation of rings on their shells. Two kind of rings may be formed: disturbance and growth rings. Growth rings can be used to determine the age of molluscs with long life span. For this, it is necessary to know how many growth rings are formed per year. It has been demonstrated experimentally, using marked specimens, that F. crassa forms two growth rings per year at Huayquique, Northern Chile. They are formed during winter and summer. Disturbanc...

  5. Status and Outreach Activities of NIES GOSAT and GOSAT-2 Projects

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matsunaga, T.; Kamei, A.; Maksyutov, S. S.; Morino, I.; Yoshida, Y.; Saito, M.; Noda, H.; Ohyama, H.; Kawazoe, F.; Yokota, T.

    2017-12-01

    GOSAT (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite) and GOSAT-2 are Japanese Earth observation satellites for greenhouse gas observation from space and jointly promoted by Ministry of the Environment, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), and NIES ((National Institute for Environmental Studies). GOSAT was launched in January 2009 and has been operating for more than eight years. GOSAT-2 will be launched in FY2018. NIES is responsible for generation, archiving, validation, and distribution of higher level standard and research products of GOSAT and GOSAT-2. GOSAT's standard products such as FTS SWIR level 2 CO2 / CH4 / H2O column amount products (V02.21 - V02.60, April 2009 - February 2017), FTS TIR level 2 CO2 / CH4 profile products (V01.20, April 2009 - May 2014), and level 4A CO2 / CH4 flux products (CO2: V02.05, June 2009 - October 2015, CH4: V01.03, June 2009 - September 2013) are freely available from GDAS (GOSAT Data Archive Service). FTS SWIR level 2 standard products are validated using data from TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network). GOSAT-2's standard and research products similar to those of GOSAT will be generated by G2DPS (GOSAT-2 Data Processing System) and available from a dedicate website, GOSAT-2 Product Archive. GOSAT RAs (Research Announcements) were issued eleven times in 2008 - 2017 to promote scientific researches using GOSAT data. GOSAT RA PIs (Principal Investigators) have several privileges such as access to GOSAT standard products earlier than general users, access to research products and other technical information, and a right to submit FTS observation requests. In total, more than 120 joint research contracts with scientists from more than twenty countries were concluded under GOSAT RA framework. GOSAT-2 RA is now being prepared and will be issued before GOSAT-2 launch. To expand the use of GOSAT and GOSAT-2 data in wider communities, NIES is preparing a guidebook that describes how to use satellite-based greenhouse gas

  6. Effect of dietary supplementation with Rhizopus oryzae or Chrysonilia crassa on growth performance, blood profile, intestinal microbial population, and carcass traits in broilers exposed to heat stress

    OpenAIRE

    S. Sugiharto; T. Yudiarti; I. Isroli; E. Widiastuti; F. D. Putra

    2017-01-01

    Dietary supplementation of additives has recently been part of strategies to deal with the detrimental effects of heat stress (HS) on the performance and carcass traits in broiler chicks. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the fungi Rhizopus oryzae or Chrysonilia crassa on growth, blood profile, intestinal microbial population and carcass traits in broiler chicks subjected to HS. R. oryzae and C. crassa are filamentous fungi isolated from...

  7. Proteomic alterations induced by ionic liquids in Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martins, Isabel; Hartmann, Diego O; Alves, Paula C; Planchon, Sébastien; Renaut, Jenny; Leitão, M Cristina; Rebelo, Luís P N; Silva Pereira, Cristina

    2013-12-06

    This study constitutes the first attempt to understand at the proteomic level the fungal response to ionic liquid stress. Ascomycota are able to grow in media supplemented with high concentrations of an ionic liquid, which, in turn, lead to major alterations in the fungal metabolic footprint. Herein, we analysed the differential accumulation of mycelial proteins in Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa after their exposure to two of the most commonly used ionic liquids: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or cholinium chloride. Data obtained showed that numerous stress-responsive proteins (e.g. anti-ROS defence proteins) as well as several critical biological processes and/or pathways were affected by either ionic liquid. Amongst other changes, these compounds altered developmental programmes in both fungi (e.g. promoting the development of Hülle cells or conidiation) and led to accumulation of osmolytes, some of which may play an important role in multiple stress responses. In particular, in N. crassa, both ionic liquids increased the levels of proteins which are likely involved in the biosynthesis of unusual metabolites. These data potentially open new perspectives on ionic liquid research, furthering their conscious design and their use to trigger production of targeted metabolites. The present study emphasises the importance of understanding ionic liquid's stress responses, crucial to further their safe large-scale usage. Knowledge of the alterations prompted at a cellular and biochemical level gives also fresh perspectives on how to employ these "novel" compounds to manipulate proteins or pathways of biotechnological value. The results presented here provide meaningful insights into the understanding of fungi stress and adaptation responses to anthropogenic chemicals used in industry. © 2013.

  8. Inactivation of carotenoid-producing and albino strains of Neurospora crassa by visible light, blacklight, and ultraviolet radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blanc, P.L.; Tuveson, R.W.; Sargent, M.L.

    1976-01-01

    Suspensions of Neurospora crassa conidia were inactivated by blacklight (BL) radiation (300 to 425 nm) in the absence of exogenous photosensitizing compounds. Carotenoid-containing wild-type conidia were less sensitive to BL radiation than albino conidia, showing a dose enhancement factor (DEF) of 1.2 for dose levels resulting in less than 10 percent survival. The same strains were about equally sensitive to shortwave ultraviolet (uv) inactivation. The kinetics of BL inactivation are similar to those of photodynamic inactivation by visible light in the presence of a photosensitizing dye (methylene blue). Only limited inactivation by visible light in the absence of exogenous photosensitizers was observed. BL and UV inactivations are probably caused by different mechanisms since wild-type conidia are only slightly more resistant to BL radiation (DEF = 1.2 at 1.0 percent survival) than are conidia from a uv-sensitive strain (upr-1, uvs-3). The BL-induced lethal lesions are probably not cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers since BL-inactivated Haemophilus influenzae transforming deoxyribonucleic acid is not photoreactivated by N. crassa wild-type enzyme extracts, whereas uv-inactivated transforming deoxyribonucleic acid is photoreactivable with this treatment

  9. Nie chuchaj, aby się śnieg nie rozpłynął”. Dwa nieznane wcześniej Brosciana ze zbiorów Biblioteki UMK w Toruniu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michał Choptiany

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie badań proweniencyjnych prowadzonych w zbiorach Biblioteki UMK w Toruniu i stanowi jednocześnie komunikat o identyfikacji marginaliów wykonanych przez Jana Brożka (1585–1652 w dwóch drukach zakupionych przez BUMK na rynku antykwarycznym w 1968 r. – Streny Johannesa Keplera (Frankfurt 1611 i Numerus figuratus Johanna Remmelina (Norymberga 1614. Podane są kolejno: charakterystyka egzemplarza, dowody na proponowaną w tekście atrybucję (oparte na rękopisach Brożka zachowanych w zbiorach Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej w Krakowie, a marginalia znajdujące się w dziełku Keplera powiązane zostają z ogłoszoną przez Brożka w roku 1615 rozprawą Problema geometricum. W ostatniej części zostają nakreślone perspektywy badawcze związane z rekonstrukcją warsztatu naukowego krakowskiego uczonego – zarówno w mniejszej skali, obejmującej wyłącznie jego lektury i notatki związane z rozprawą z 1615 r., jak i całość jego rękopiśmiennej spuścizny, która w dalszym ciągu nie jest wystarczająco dobrze rozpoznana.

  10. MTB-3, a microtubule plus-end tracking protein (+TIP of Neurospora crassa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa R Mouriño-Pérez

    Full Text Available The microtubule (MT "plus end" constitutes the platform for the accumulation of a structurally and functionally diverse group of proteins, collectively called "MT plus-end tracking proteins" (+TIPs. +TIPs control MT dynamics and link MTs to diverse sub-cellular structures. Neurospora crassaMicroTubule Binding protein-3 (MTB-3 is the homolog of yeast EB1, a highly conserved +TIP. To address the function of MTB-3, we examined strains with mtb-3 deletions, and we tagged MTB-3 with GFP to assess its dynamic behavior. MTB-3-GFP was present as comet-like structures distributed more or less homogeneously within the hyphal cytoplasm, and moving mainly towards the apex at speeds up to 4× faster than the normal hyphal elongation rates. MTB-3-GFP comets were present in all developmental stages, but were most abundant in mature hyphae. MTB-3-GFP comets were observed moving in anterograde and retrograde direction along the hypha. Retrograde movement was also observed as originating from the apical dome. The integrity of the microtubular cytoskeleton affects the presence and dynamics of MTB-3-GFP comets, while actin does not seem to play a role. The size of MTB-3-GFP comets is affected by the absence of dynactin and conventional kinesin. We detected no obvious morphological phenotypes in Δmtb-3 mutants but there were fewer MTs in Δmtb-3, MTs were less bundled and less organized. Compared to WT, both MT polymerization and depolymerization rates were significantly decreased in Δmtb-3. In summary, the lack of MTB-3 affects overall growth and morphological phenotypes of N. crassa only slightly, but deletion of mtb-3 has strong effect on MT dynamics.

  11. Intoxicação experimental em coelhos por Mascagnia sp (Malpighiaceae procedente do Estado de Santa Catarina Experimental poisoning in rabbits by Mascagnia sp (Malpighiaceae collected in the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Hubinger Tokarnia

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available As folhas novas ou a brotação e as folhas maduras de Mascagnia sp, arbusto escandente da família Malpighiaceae, procedente de Santa Catarina, planta comprovadamente tóxica a bovinos, foram administradas sob forma de pó suspenso em água por sonda gástrica, até poucas semanas após a sua colheita, a 45 coelhos adultos. A planta colhida em três municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina, dessecada na sombra a temperatura ambiente, demonstrou possuir toxidez também para essa espécie animal. Porém a sua toxidez para coelhos foi muito variável. Os experimentos realizados não permitem concluir que a procedência da planta, o seu estado de evolução ou a época do ano da colheita, sejam fatores que influenciam a sua toxidez. Já em relação ao quadro clínico, os achados de necropsia e histopatológicos, a planta teve um comportamento muito constante. Os coelhos mostraram os primeiros sintomas de intoxicação entre 3 horas e 24h49min após o começo da administração da planta. A evolução do quadro clínico foi de 1 a 4 minutos. Os sintomas consistiram sempre em que o animal subitamente começava a fazer movimentos desordenados, geralmente violentos; finalmente ficava caído, tinha respiração dispnéica com movimentos respiratórios cada vez mais espaçados, dava alguns gritos e logo morria. Os achados de necropsia se resumiram em congestão hepática e esplenomegalia; o fígado ao corte tinha a lobulação nítida, às vezes com o centro dos lóbulos mais claro. Os exames histopatológicos revelaram alterações regressivas e circulatórias no fígado, rim e baço. A planta moída guardada em vidros hermeticamente fechados com tampa plástica e à temperatura ambiente, submetida a experimentos em outros 22 coelhos 1 ano ou mais após sua colheita, demonstrou ter perdido variavelmente em toxidez.Freshly dried and ground young leaves or sprouts and mature leaves of Mascagnia sp, a creeping shrub of the Malpighiaceae family from Santa

  12. Multiple layers of temporal and spatial control regulate accumulation of the fruiting body-specific protein APP in Sordaria macrospora and Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nowrousian, Minou; Piotrowski, Markus; Kück, Ulrich

    2007-07-01

    During fungal fruiting body development, specialized cell types differentiate from vegetative mycelium. We have isolated a protein from the ascomycete Sordaria macrospora that is not present during vegetative growth but accumulates in perithecia. The protein was sequenced by mass spectrometry and the corresponding gene was termed app (abundant perithecial protein). app transcript occurs only after the onset of sexual development; however, the formation of ascospores is not a prerequisite for APP accumulation. The transcript of the Neurospora crassa ortholog is present prior to fertilization, but the protein accumulates only after fertilization. In crosses of N. crassa Deltaapp strains with the wild type, APP accumulates when the wild type serves as female parent, but not in the reciprocal cross; thus, the presence of a functional female app allele is necessary and sufficient for APP accumulation. These findings highlight multiple layers of temporal and spatial control of gene expression during fungal development.

  13. La formación de anillos de crecimiento en Fissurella crassa en el norte de Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Marta Bretos

    1980-01-01

    Growth discontinuity in molluscs result in the formation of rings on their shells. Two kind of rings may be formed: disturbance and growth rings. Growth rings can be used to determine the age of molluscs with long life span. For this, it is necessary to know how many growth rings are formed per year. It has been demonstrated experimentally, using marked specimens, that F. crassa forms two growth rings per year at Huayquique, Northern Chile. They are formed during winter and summer. Disturbanc...

  14. Characterization of NIES CRM No. 23 Tea Leaves II for the determination of multielements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mori, Ikuko; Ukachi, Miyuki; Nagano, Kimiyo; Ito, Hiroyasu; Yoshinaga, Jun; Nishikawa, Masataka

    2010-05-01

    A candidate environmental certified reference material (CRM) for the determination of multielements in tea leaves and materials of similar matrix, NIES CRM No. 23 Tea Leaves II, has been developed and characterized by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan. The origin of the material was tea leaves, which were ground, sieved through a 106-microm mesh, homogenized, and then subdivided into amber glass bottles. The results of homogeneity and stability tests indicated that the material was sufficiently homogeneous and stable for use as a reference material. The property values of the material were statistically determined based on chemical analyses by a network of laboratories using a wide range of methods. Sixteen laboratories participated in the characterization, and nine certified values and five reference values were obtained. These property values of the candidate CRM, which are expressed as mass fractions, were close to the median and/or mean values of the mass fractions of elements in various tea products. The candidate CRM is appropriate for use in analytical quality control and in the evaluation of methods used in the analysis of tea and materials of similar matrix.

  15. Characterization of MMS-sensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    DeLange, A.M.; Mishra, N.C.

    1982-01-01

    Several MMS-sensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa were compared with the wild-type strain for their relative sensitivities to UV, X-ray, and histidine. They were also compared for the frequency of spontaneous mutation at the loci which confer resistance to p-fluorophenylalanine. The mutants were also examined for possible defects in meiotic behavior in homozygous crosses and for any change in the inducible DNA salvage pathways. On the basis of these characterizations, the present MMS-sensitive mutants of Neurospora can be placed into three groups. On the basis of data presented, the MMS sensitivity of the first group mutants cannot be ascertained to arise from a defect in the DNA repair pathways; instead, it may stem from altered cell permeability or other pleotropic effects of the mus mutations. However, it can be suggested that the second and third group of mus mutants may indeed result from a defect in the DNA repair pathways controlled by the mus genes; this conclusion is based on their cross-sensitivity to a number of DNA-damaging agents such as MMS, UV and/or X-rays, high frequencies of spontaneous mutation and defects in meiotic behavior.

  16. La langue des unscriptions latines en slovénie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mitja Skubic

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Les inscriptions latines dans les régions du Sud-est de l'Europe, dont la langue a déja été étudiée par Mihǎescu, sont nombreuses.Cependant, seules, ici, certaines parties des anciennes provinces de Norique, de Pannonie Supérieure et d'Istrie nord-occidentale nous intéresseront, c'est-à-dire, celles qui font aujourd'hui partie de la République Socialiste de Slovénie. Il n'y a pas de raisons historiques, certes, pour une telle d ­ limitation, vu que la Norique et la Pannonie Supérieure n'ont pas subi, depuis leur latinisation, d' événements historiques qui auraient pu influencer la langue écrite d'une manière différente.

  17. Localization and role of MYO-1, an endocytic protein in hyphae of Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lara-Rojas, Fernando; Bartnicki-García, Salomón; Mouriño-Pérez, Rosa R

    2016-03-01

    The subapical endocytic collar is a prominent feature of hyphae of Neurospora crassa. It comprises a dynamic collection of actin patches associated with a number of proteins required for endocytosis, namely, ARP-2/3 complex, fimbrin, coronin, etc. We presently show that MYO-1 is another key component of this endocytic collar. A myo-1 sequence was identified in the genome of N. crassa and used it to generate a strain with a myo-1-sgfp allele under the ccg1 promoter. Examination of living hyphae by confocal microscopy, revealed MYO-1-GFP located mainly as a dynamic collection of small patches arranged in collar-like fashion in the hyphal subapex. Dual tagging showed MYO-1-GFP partially colocalized with two other endocytic proteins, fimbrin and coronin. MYO-1 was also present during septum formation. By recovering a viable strain, albeit severely inhibited, after deletion of myo-1, it was possible to investigate the phenotypic consequences of the elimination of MYO-1. Deletion of myo-1 caused a severe reduction in growth rate (95%), near absence of aerial mycelium and no conidiation. A reduced uptake of the lipophilic dye FM4-64 indicated a deficiency in endocytosis in the Δmyo-1 mutant. Hyphae were produced by the Δmyo-1 mutant but their morphogenesis was severely affected; hyphal morphology was distorted displaying irregular periods of isotropic and polarized growth. The morphological alterations were accompanied, and presumably caused, by a disruption in the organization and dynamics of a myosin-deprived actin cytoskeleton that, ultimately, compromised the stability and function of the Spitzenkörper as a vesicle supply center. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Identification of TTAGGG-binding proteins in Neurospora crassa, a fungus with vertebrate-like telomere repeats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Casas-Vila, Núria; Scheibe, Marion; Freiwald, Anja; Kappei, Dennis; Butter, Falk

    2015-11-17

    To date, telomere research in fungi has mainly focused on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, despite the fact that both yeasts have degenerated telomeric repeats in contrast to the canonical TTAGGG motif found in vertebrates and also several other fungi. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, we here investigate the telosome of Neurospora crassa, a fungus with canonical telomeric repeats. We show that at least six of the candidates detected in our screen are direct TTAGGG-repeat binding proteins. While three of the direct interactors (NCU03416 [ncTbf1], NCU01991 [ncTbf2] and NCU02182 [ncTay1]) feature the known myb/homeobox DNA interaction domain also found in the vertebrate telomeric factors, we additionally show that a zinc-finger protein (NCU07846) and two proteins without any annotated DNA-binding domain (NCU02644 and NCU05718) are also direct double-strand TTAGGG binders. We further find two single-strand binders (NCU02404 [ncGbp2] and NCU07735 [ncTcg1]). By quantitative label-free interactomics we identify TTAGGG-binding proteins in Neurospora crassa, suggesting candidates for telomeric factors that are supported by phylogenomic comparison with yeast species. Intriguingly, homologs in yeast species with degenerated telomeric repeats are also TTAGGG-binding proteins, e.g. in S. cerevisiae Tbf1 recognizes the TTAGGG motif found in its subtelomeres. However, there is also a subset of proteins that is not conserved. While a rudimentary core TTAGGG-recognition machinery may be conserved across yeast species, our data suggests Neurospora as an emerging model organism with unique features.

  19. Neurospora crassa ASM-1 complements the conidiation defect in a stuA mutant of Aspergillus nidulans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chung, Dawoon; Upadhyay, Srijana; Bomer, Brigitte; Wilkinson, Heather H; Ebbole, Daniel J; Shaw, Brian D

    2015-01-01

    Aspergillus nidulans StuA and Neurospora crassa ASM-1 are orthologous APSES (ASM-1, PHD1, SOK2, Efg1, StuA) transcription factors conserved across a diverse group of fungi. StuA and ASM-1 have roles in asexual (conidiation) and sexual (ascospore formation) development in both organisms. To address the hypothesis that the last common ancestor of these diverse fungi regulated conidiation with similar genes, asm-1 was introduced into the stuA1 mutant of A. nidulans. Expression of asm-1 complemented defective conidiophore morphology and restored conidia production to wild type levels in stuA1. Expression of asm-1 in the stuA1 strain did not rescue the defect in sexual development. When the conidiation regulator AbaA was tagged at its C-terminus with GFP in A. nidulans, it localized to nuclei in phialides. When expressed in the stuA1 mutant, AbaA::GFP localized to nuclei in conidiophores but no longer was confined to phialides, suggesting that expression of AbaA in specific cell types of the conidiophore was conditioned by StuA. Our data suggest that the function in conidiation of StuA and ASM-1 is conserved and support the view that, despite the great morphological and ontogenic diversity of their condiphores, the last common ancestor of A. nidulans and N. crassa produced an ortholog of StuA that was involved in conidiophore development. © 2015 by The Mycological Society of America.

  20. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the GH72 family of cell wall transglycosylases in Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ao, Jie; Free, Stephen J

    2017-04-01

    The Neurospora crassa genome encodes five GH72 family transglycosylases, and four of these enzymes (GEL-1, GEL-2, GEL-3 and GEL-5) have been found to be present in the cell wall proteome. We carried out an extensive genetic analysis on the role of these four transglycosylases in cell wall biogenesis and demonstrated that the transglycosylases are required for the formation of a normal cell wall. As suggested by the proteomic analysis, we found that multiple transglycosylases were being expressed in N. crassa cells and that different combinations of the enzymes are required in different cell types. The combination of GEL-1, GEL-2 and GEL-5 is required for the growth of vegetative hyphae, while the GEL-1, GEL-2, GEL-3 combination is needed for the production of aerial hyphae and conidia. Our data demonstrates that the enzymes are redundant with partially overlapping enzymatic activities, which provides the fungus with a robust cell wall biosynthetic system. Characterization of the transglycosylase-deficient mutants demonstrated that the incorporation of cell wall proteins was severely compromised. Interestingly, we found that the transglycosylase-deficient mutant cell walls contained more β-1,3-glucan than the wild type cell wall. Our results demonstrate that the GH72 transglycosylases are not needed for the incorporation of β-1,3-glucan into the cell wall, but they are required for the incorporation of cell wall glycoprotein into the cell wall. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. The synthesis of Phosphate-repressible alkaline phosphatase do not appear to be regulated by ambient pH in the filamentous mould Neurospora crassa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nozawa Sérgio R.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available In order to investigate further the adaptive response of moulds to ambient pH, we have measured by ELISA the pho-2-encoded Pi-repressible alkaline phosphatase synthesised by Neurospora crassa. We showed that the 74A and pho-2A strains of this mould secrete similar amounts of the pho-2-encoded enzyme irrespective of ambient pH, when both the preg and pgov genes are not functional, i.e., in strains nuc-2+ growing under Pi-starvation. This suggests that pho-2, which is responsive to Pi starvation via the action of genes nuc-2, preg, pgov and nuc-1, is not a gene responsive to ambient pH and that the differential glycosylation observed for the Pi-repressible alkaline phosphatase retained by the mycelium at pH 5.6 or secreted into the growth medium at pH 8.0 is the genetic response to ambient pH sensing in N. crassa.

  2. High-resolution autoradiography of nuclear modifications during and after heat treatment of neurospora crassa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ton-That, C.; Turian, G. (Geneva Univ. (Switzerland))

    1984-01-01

    The appearance of perinucleolar electron-dense spots in the nuclei of macroconidia of Neurospora crassa incubated at 46/sup 0/C and their disaggregation after shift-down to 25/sup 0/C have been investigated by high-resolution autoradiography after (5-/sup 3/H) uridine pulses with or without chase periods. The RNA of these ribonucleoprotein-rich dense spots has been found to originate mainly from the heat-sensitive nucleolus; after return to 25/sup 0/C, the nucleolar activity was recovered and the RNA material stored either in an unprocessed or a mature rRNA form in the dense spots was found to be progressively extruded into the cytoplasm.

  3. High-resolution autoradiography of nuclear modifications during and after heat treatment of neurospora crassa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ton-That, C.; Turian, G.

    1984-01-01

    The appearance of perinucleolar electron-dense spots in the nuclei of macroconidia of Neurospora crassa incubated at 46 0 C and their disaggregation after shift-down to 25 0 C have been investigated by high-resolution autoradiography after (5- 3 H) uridine pulses with or without chase periods. The RNA of these ribonucleoprotein-rich dense spots has been found to originate mainly from the heat-sensitive nucleolus; after return to 25 0 C, the nucleolar activity was recovered and the RNA material stored either in an unprocessed or a mature rRNA form in the dense spots was found to be progressively extruded into the cytoplasm. (Author)

  4. Ability of the CCSR-NIES atmospheric general circulation model in the stratosphere. Chapter 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sugata, S.

    1997-01-01

    A quantitative evaluation of climate change such as global warming is impossible without a high-quality numerical model which describes the dynamics of the climate system and the circulation of energy and materials. The Center for Climate Research - National Institute for Environmental Studies (CCSR-NIES) atmospheric general circulation model (hereafter, GCM for a general circulation model) has been developed to obtain such a high-quality model. The emphasis of the development has been laid on the troposphere and the lower stratosphere below about 30 km altitude. This is natural because human beings live on the Earth's surface and the condition of the lower atmosphere directly affects human life. However, the stratosphere and the upper atmosphere beyond it have recently been the focus even in investigations of climate change, because they are relevant to many issues which relate closely to tropospheric climate change, such as the ozone hole, material exchange between the stratosphere and the troposphere, and physical interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. This study extended the region of the CCSR-NIES GCM to the lower mesosphere (about 70 km from the surface). This is our first attempt to investigate this GCM's climatology in the upper atmosphere, although some studies for QBO in the middle and lower stratosphere had been done with the GCM

  5. Marie-Eugénie Kaufmant, Poétique des espaces naturels dans la «Comedia nueva»

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Roquain

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Review of Marie-Eugénie Kaufmant, Poétique des espaces naturels dans la «Comedia nueva», Casa de Velázquez (Bibliothèque de la Casa de Velázquez, 48, Madrid, 2010, 571 pp. ISBN: 978-84-96820-40-1.

  6. Progenesis in Proctoeces lintoni (Fellodistomidae), a parasite of Fissurella crassa (Archaeogastropoda) in a latitudinal gradient in the Pacific Coast of South America.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oliva, M E; Huaquin, L G

    2000-08-01

    The fellodistomid Proctoeces lintoni is a common parasite of the gonads of key-hole limpets Fissurella spp. (Archaeogastropoda). It has also been found in the mantle of Octopus vulgaris and as an intestinal parasite of haemulid and gobiesocid fishes. Fissurella crassa, a host for progenetic P. lintoni, can be found from Huarmey, Peni (10 degrees S) to Chiloé, Chile (42 degrees S). Proctoeces lintoni has been found parasitizing fishes and molluscs from Callao, Peni (12 degrees S) to Valdivia, Chile (39 degrees S). Progenesis is thought to be a latitude-dependent phenomenon, and high progenesis is expected at higher latitude. In the present article, the association between latitude and progenesis was examined over a latitudinal gradient of about 3,000 km. Data suggest that progenesis of P. lintoni infecting F. crassa was not associated with latitude. Low levels of progenesis found in the Peruvian population could be a consequence of parasite-induced mortality rather than of low latitude, as would be predicted by the latitude dependence hypothesis.

  7. Ucieleśnienie poznania to nie to, co myślisz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrew D. Wilson

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Najbardziej fascynującą obecnie hipotezą w kognitywistyce jest teoria mówiąca o tym, że poznanie jest ucieleśnione. Tak jak inne dobre pomysły w naukach poznawczych, „ucieleśnienie” może jednocześnie posiadać przynajmniej sześć różnych znaczeń. Najpopularniejsze definicje tego pojęcia opierają się na prostym założeniu, że „stany ciała wpływają na stany umysłu”; implikacje hipotezy o ucieleśnieniu prowadzą jednak do bardziej radykalnych wniosków. Jeśli poznanie dotyczy mózgu, ciała i środowiska, to „stany umysłu” w odcieleśnionej kognitywistyce nie istnieją, więc też nie można ich modyfikować. Wobec tego poznanie jawi się jako rozszerzony system złożony z wielu zasobów, a poważna refleksja nad ucieleśnieniem wymaga nowych metod i nowej teorii. W niniejszym artykule opisujemy cztery główne założenia, na których powinny opierać się programy badawcze zakładające dogłębną analizę implikacji tezy o ucieleśnieniu poznania. Pierwszym krokiem jest analiza zadaniowa opisująca z perspektywy pierwszoosobowej konkretne zadanie, które ma wykonać percypujący i działający podmiot [ang. agent]. Następnie należy określić, jakie zasoby odpowiednie do wykonania zadania dostępne są poznającemu podmiotowi. Pojęcie zasobów obejmuje mózg, ciało i środowisko. Trzecim krokiem jest zdefiniowanie sposobów, w jaki działający podmiot może połączyć dostępne zasoby, tak by stworzyć system zdolny do rozwiązania wyznaczonego zadania. Kolejnym krokiem jest sprawdzenie, czy działania pojęte przez podmiot zostały opisane w punkcie trzecim. Powyższą procedurę przedstawimy szczegółowo, odnosząc się do dwóch wyrazistych przykładów (problemu zapolowego i błędu AB oraz objaśnimy, jak stosować wspomnianą analizę do złożonej kwestii wykorzystania języka. Poznanie ucieleśnione jest czymś więcej niż nam się wydaje. Mamy też dostęp do narzędzi, które pozwol

  8. Live imaging of β-1,3-glucan synthase FKS-1 in Neurospora crassa hyphae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez-León, Eddy; Riquelme, Meritxell

    2015-09-01

    The subcellular localization and dynamics of FKS-1, the putative catalytic subunit of the β-1,3-glucan synthase complex, was analyzed in growing hyphae of Neurospora crassa by live confocal microscopy. GFP-tagged FKS-1 accumulated at the outer layer of the Spitzenkörper (Spk), and at the apical plasma membrane (PM). Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis revealed arrival of FKS-1-containing carriers first at the immediate surroundings of the core region of the Spk, and thereafter to the Spk most outer region. The results obtained here and previous data suggest that FKS-1 is transported to the Spk in macrovesicles. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Real-time Seismic Alert System of NIED

    Science.gov (United States)

    Horiuchi, S.; Fujinawa, Y.; Negishi, H.; Matsumoto, T.; Fujiwara, H.; Kunugi, T.; Hayashi, Y.

    2001-12-01

    An extensive seismic network has been constructed nationwide composed of hi-sensitivity seismographic network, broadband seismographic network and strong motion seismographic network. All these data from some 3,000 sites belonging to NIED, JMA and universities are to be accumulated and distributed through NIED to any scientists and engineering through INTERNET under the coordination of the National Seismic Research Committee of MEXT. As a practical application of those data we are now developing a real-time seismic alert information system for the purpose of providing short-term warning of imminent strong grounds motions from major earthquakes from several seconds to a few days. The contents of information are seismic focal parameters (several seconds), seismic fault plane solutions (some 10 seconds), after-shock activities (several minutes-a few days ). The fundamental fault parameters are used to build specific information at sites for particular users for use of triggering automated and /or half-automated responses. The most important application is an immediate estimate of expected shaking distribution and damages in a district using synthetic database and site effects for local governments to initial proper measures of hazard mitigation. Another application is estimation of arrival time and shaking strength at any individual site for human lives to be safeguarded. The system could also start an automatic electrical isolation and protection of computer systems, protection of hazardous chronic systems, transportation systems and so on. The information are corrected successively as seismic ground motion are received at a larger number of sites in time with the result that more accurate and more sophisticated earthquake information is transmitted to any user. Besides the rapid determination of seismic parameters, one of essential items in this alert system is the data transmission means. The data transmission is chosen to assure negligibly small delay of data

  10. Alternative Oxidase Transcription Factors AOD2 and AOD5 of Neurospora crassa Control the Expression of Genes Involved in Energy Production and Metabolism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qi, Zhigang; Smith, Kristina M; Bredeweg, Erin L; Bosnjak, Natasa; Freitag, Michael; Nargang, Frank E

    2017-02-09

    In Neurospora crassa , blocking the function of the standard mitochondrial electron transport chain results in the induction of an alternative oxidase (AOX). AOX transfers electrons directly from ubiquinol to molecular oxygen. AOX serves as a model of retrograde regulation since it is encoded by a nuclear gene that is regulated in response to signals from mitochondria. The N. crassa transcription factors AOD2 and AOD5 are necessary for the expression of the AOX gene. To gain insight into the mechanism by which these factors function, and to determine if they have roles in the expression of additional genes in N. crassa , we constructed strains expressing only tagged versions of the proteins. Cell fractionation experiments showed that both proteins are localized to the nucleus under both AOX inducing and noninducing conditions. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis revealed that the proteins are bound to the promoter region of the AOX gene under both conditions. ChIP-seq also showed that the transcription factors bind to the upstream regions of a number of genes that are involved in energy production and metabolism. Dependence on AOD2 and AOD5 for the expression of several of these genes was verified by quantitative PCR. The majority of ChIP-seq peaks observed were enriched for both AOD2 and AOD5. However, we also observed occasional sites where one factor appeared to bind preferentially. The most striking of these was a conserved sequence that bound large amounts of AOD2 but little AOD5. This sequence was found within a 310 bp repeat unit that occurs at several locations in the genome. Copyright © 2017 Qi et al.

  11. Direct electrochemistry of nitrate reductase from the fungus Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalimuthu, Palraj; Ringel, Phillip; Kruse, Tobias; Bernhardt, Paul V

    2016-09-01

    We report the first direct (unmediated) catalytic electrochemistry of a eukaryotic nitrate reductase (NR). NR from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, is a member of the mononuclear molybdenum enzyme family and contains a Mo, heme and FAD cofactor which are involved in electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the (Mo) active site where reduction of nitrate to nitrite takes place. NR was adsorbed on an edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPG) working electrode. Non-turnover redox responses were observed in the absence of nitrate from holo NR and three variants lacking the FAD, heme or Mo cofactor. The FAD response is due to dissociated cofactor in all cases. In the presence of nitrate, NR shows a pronounced cathodic catalytic wave with an apparent Michaelis constant (KM) of 39μM (pH7). The catalytic cathodic current increases with temperature from 5 to 35°C and an activation enthalpy of 26kJmol(-1) was determined. In spite of dissociation of the FAD cofactor, catalytically activity is maintained. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  12. Variação no número de glândulas e produção de óleo em flores de Stigmaphyllon paralias A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae Variation in the number of glands and oil production in flowers of Stigmaphyllon paralias A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Dib de Carvalho

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Foi estudada uma população de Stigmaphyllon paralias (Malpighiaceae em Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil, visando analisar a variação do número de glândulas e sua produção de óleo nas flores. Dos indivíduos analisados, 76% não variaram o número de glândulas entre suas flores, ocorrendo 41% de indivíduos com flores que possuem 10 glândulas, 31% com oito glândulas e 4% com nove glândulas. Nas flores dos morfos que apresentam oito e nove glândulas, as glândulas ausentes são sempre as da sépala inferior. Centris leprieuri e Epicharis sp. (Apidae: Centridini foram as únicas espécies que visitaram S. paralias, coletando óleo como recompensa. A sépala inferior localiza-se sob o abdome do polinizador quando pousado na flor, tornando-se inacessível à coleta de óleo. Sugerimos que a incapacidade de utilização de algumas glândulas pelos polinizadores possa ter possibilitado o aparecimento de morfos nas populações que não apresentam estas glândulas como caráter adaptativo por gerar economia de recursos na produção de recompensa não utilizada pelo polinizador. Todas as glândulas de todos os morfos são funcionais. As flores dos dois morfos principais com oito e 10 glândulas, produzem a mesma quantidade total de óleo. As glândulas das flores com oito glândulas aumentam a produção em cerca de 20%, compensando a produção total de óleo por flor.A population of Stigmaphyllon paralias (Malpighiaceae was studied in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. Variation of the number of oil glands and oil production in the flowers were analized. 76% of the individuals did not present variation on the number of glands among their flowers, 41% presented flowers with 10 glands, 31% with eight glands and 4% with nine glands. In the flowers of the morphs with eight or nine glands, the absent glands were always associated to the inferior sepal. Only Centris leprieuri and Epicharis sp. (Apidae: Centridini visited flowers of S. paralias

  13. Parasitic castration in Fissurella crassa (Archaeogastropoda due to an adult Digenea, Proctoeces lintoni (Fellodistomidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo E. Oliva

    1992-03-01

    Full Text Available Specimens of Fissurella crassa (Archaeogastropoda from Ilo, southern Perú, are infected with the adult stage of the digenetic trematode Proctoeces lintoni (Fellodistomidae. The histopatological analysis of the male and female gonads show a strong effect of the parasite on the structure and function of these organs. P. lintoni live unencysted in the gonads, and the main mechanical damage is originated by the action of a well developed acetabulum. Chemical actions of parasitic secretions may also be involved. The infected gonads show altered structure and the gametogenic processes is aborted. There is no evidence of hemocytic response, but leucocite infiltration is evident at least in male infected gonads. An increased content of polysaccarides is evident in infected gonads.

  14. Epigenetic and Posttranslational Modifications in Light Signal Transduction and the Circadian Clock in Neurospora crassa

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    Marco Proietto

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Blue light, a key abiotic signal, regulates a wide variety of physiological processes in many organisms. One of these phenomena is the circadian rhythm presents in organisms sensitive to the phase-setting effects of blue light and under control of the daily alternation of light and dark. Circadian clocks consist of autoregulatory alternating negative and positive feedback loops intimately connected with the cellular metabolism and biochemical processes. Neurospora crassa provides an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms involved in these phenomena. The White Collar Complex (WCC, a blue-light receptor and transcription factor of the circadian oscillator, and Frequency (FRQ, the circadian clock pacemaker, are at the core of the Neurospora circadian system. The eukaryotic circadian clock relies on transcriptional/translational feedback loops: some proteins rhythmically repress their own synthesis by inhibiting the activity of their transcriptional factors, generating self-sustained oscillations over a period of about 24 h. One of the basic mechanisms that perpetuate self-sustained oscillations is post translation modification (PTM. The acronym PTM generically indicates the addition of acetyl, methyl, sumoyl, or phosphoric groups to various types of proteins. The protein can be regulatory or enzymatic or a component of the chromatin. PTMs influence protein stability, interaction, localization, activity, and chromatin packaging. Chromatin modification and PTMs have been implicated in regulating circadian clock function in Neurospora. Research into the epigenetic control of transcription factors such as WCC has yielded new insights into the temporal modulation of light-dependent gene transcription. Here we report on epigenetic and protein PTMs in the regulation of the Neurospora crassa circadian clock. We also present a model that illustrates the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the blue light control of the circadian clock.

  15. Neurospora crassa glucose - repressible gene -1(Grg-1) promoter controls the expression of neurospora tyrosinase gene in a clock-controlled manner

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tarawneh, A. K

    1997-01-01

    In this study sphareroplastes of white Neurospora crassa mutant auxotroph for aromatic am no acids a rom 9 q a-2 inv, was transformed by the pKF-Tyr7-wt DNA construct. This construct contains the promoter of neurospora crassa glucose-repressible gene-1 (G rg-1) usp stream of Neurospora tyrosinase gene. The co transformation of this mutant with pKF-Tyr-7-wt cincture's and the pKAL-1, a plasmid which contains the Neurospora q a-2+ gene transform it to photophor. The transform ant contains the tyrosinase gene which catalyzes the unique step in the synthesis of the black pigment melanin. The activity of the tyrosinase in this transform ant was followed by measuring the absorbance of the dark coloured pigment at 332 nm. The maximum of the tyrosinase activity was shown at 16.36 and 56 hours after the shift of the transformed mycelia from constant light (L L) to constant dark (Dd). The rate of the enzyme activity was changed according to ci radian cycle of 20 hours. This G rg 1/tyrosinase construct provides a good system to study to study the temporal control of gene expression and the interaction between the different environmental c uses that affects gene expression. (author). 20 refs., 4 figs

  16. Influence of point mutations near the active site on the catalytic properties of fungal arylacetonitrilases from Aspergillus niger and Neurospora crassa

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Petříčková, Alena; Sosedov, O.; Baum, S.; Stolz, A.; Martínková, Ludmila

    2012-01-01

    Roč. 77, MAY 2012 (2012), s. 74-80 ISSN 1381-1177 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP504/11/0394; GA ČR GD305/09/H008; GA AV ČR IAA500200708; GA MŠk(CZ) LC06010; GA MŠk OC09046 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50200510 Keywords : Arylacetonitrilase variants * Aspergillus niger * Neurospora crassa Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry Impact factor: 2.823, year: 2012

  17. Arménie

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    François Verdier

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available L’Arménie est une petite république du Caucase, à la limite sud–est de l’Europe, qui a gagné son autonomie en 1990 après l’ouverture du bloc soviétique. Le nouveau Ministère du Patrimoine a sollicité la coopération de la France pour mettre en place une nouvelle politique culturelle. Tout d’abord, une évaluation sur place de la situation dans les domaines des monuments historiques, de l’archéologie et de l’Inventaire a permis d’envisager les réponses à proposer. Pour la demande d’informatisation des dossiers d’inventaire déjà réalisés sous l’autorité de l’Académie de Saint–Petersbourg, nous avons proposé de former des chercheurs arméniens aux méthodes et techniques de l’Inventaire général. L’accueil d’une stagiaire pendant trois mois au service régional de l’Inventaire de Haute–Normandie a été suivi par la mise en place d’un équipement informatique à Yérévan, puis par l’accueil et la formation de techniciens informaticiens et photographes arméniens. De retour dans leur pays ils ont commencé à remettre en place un service d’inventaire dont le programme comprend la création d’une base de données patrimoniales, le recensement de la ville de Yérévan, la numérisation d’images pour la publication d’un indicateur du patrimoine et la préparation de dossiers de protection au titre du patrimoine mondial.The Armenian heritage comprises both archaeological remains of towns destroyed by never–ending wars and a number of old churches from the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, was founded three thousand years ago and is one of Europe’s oldest capitals. From 1925 it has developed according to an ambitious urban planning project. After the major political upheavals of 1991, a special ministry was created to look after the architectural and movable heritage of the country and to promote the Armenian national identity. A mission in Yerevan was

  18. HAM-5 functions as a MAP kinase scaffold during cell fusion in Neurospora crassa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilfried Jonkers

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Cell fusion in genetically identical Neurospora crassa germlings and in hyphae is a highly regulated process involving the activation of a conserved MAP kinase cascade that includes NRC-1, MEK-2 and MAK-2. During chemotrophic growth in germlings, the MAP kinase cascade members localize to conidial anastomosis tube (CAT tips every ∼8 minutes, perfectly out of phase with another protein that is recruited to the tip: SOFT, a recently identified scaffold for the MAK-1 MAP kinase pathway in Sordaria macrospora. How the MAK-2 oscillation process is initiated, maintained and what proteins regulate the MAP kinase cascade is currently unclear. A global phosphoproteomics approach using an allele of mak-2 (mak-2Q100G that can be specifically inhibited by the ATP analog 1NM-PP1 was utilized to identify MAK-2 kinase targets in germlings that were potentially involved in this process. One such putative target was HAM-5, a protein of unknown biochemical function. Previously, Δham-5 mutants were shown to be deficient for hyphal fusion. Here we show that HAM-5-GFP co-localized with NRC-1, MEK-2 and MAK-2 and oscillated with identical dynamics from the cytoplasm to CAT tips during chemotropic interactions. In the Δmak-2 strain, HAM-5-GFP localized to punctate complexes that did not oscillate, but still localized to the germling tip, suggesting that MAK-2 activity influences HAM-5 function/localization. However, MAK-2-GFP showed cytoplasmic and nuclear localization in a Δham-5 strain and did not localize to puncta. Via co-immunoprecipitation experiments, HAM-5 was shown to physically interact with NRC-1, MEK-2 and MAK-2, suggesting that it functions as a scaffold/transport hub for the MAP kinase cascade members for oscillation and chemotropic interactions during germling and hyphal fusion in N. crassa. The identification of HAM-5 as a scaffold-like protein will help to link the activation of MAK-2 cascade to upstream factors and proteins involved in this

  19. Effect of benzene compounds from plants on the growth and hyphal morphology in Neurospora crassa Efeito de compostos benzênicos de plantas sobre o crescimento e a morfologia das hifas em Neurospora crassa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrícia Mendonça Neves

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available The effects of the benzene compounds from plants, respectively cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and cinnamic aldehyde on growth and hyphal morphology of Neurospora crassa, were investigated. Cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic aldehyde inhibited colony growth, but produced no visible alterations on hyphae. Caffeic acid and coumaric acid did not inhibit growth, but changed hyphal morphology. The results suggest that caffeic and coumaric acids probably affect polarity maintenance (the continued deposition of wall material at the extending tip, while cinnamic aldehyde, ferulic and cinnamic acids decrease growth rate, but did not change hyphal polarity. The actin cytoskeleton and the Spitzenkörper appeared diffuse and not clearly visible when one of the benzene compounds was present in the culture.Os efeitos de compostos benzênicos de plantas, respectivamente ácido cinâmico, ácido coumárico, ácido ferúlico, ácido cafeico e aldeído cinâmico, sobre o crescimento da colônia e a morfologia das hifas de Neurospora crassa foram investigados. Ácido cinâmico, ácido ferúlico e aldeído cinâmico inibiram o crescimento colonial, mas não produziram diferenças visíveis sobre as hifas. Ácido cafeico e ácido coumárico não inibiram o crescimento, mas alteraram a morfologia das hifas. Os resultados sugerem que os ácidos cafeico e coumárico afetam provavelmente a manutenção da polaridade (a contínua deposição de material da parede na ponta em extensão, enquanto aldeído cinâmico e os ácidos cinâmicos e ferúlico diminuem a velocidade de crescimento, mas não alteram a polaridade das hifas. Actina no citoesqueleto e no Spitzenkörper apareceu difuso e não estava claramente visível na presença de um dos compostos benzênicos na cultura.

  20. Effect of dietary supplementation with Rhizopus oryzae or Chrysonilia crassa on growth performance, blood profile, intestinal microbial population, and carcass traits in broilers exposed to heat stress

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Sugiharto

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Dietary supplementation of additives has recently been part of strategies to deal with the detrimental effects of heat stress (HS on the performance and carcass traits in broiler chicks. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the fungi Rhizopus oryzae or Chrysonilia crassa on growth, blood profile, intestinal microbial population and carcass traits in broiler chicks subjected to HS. R. oryzae and C. crassa are filamentous fungi isolated from the ileum of indigenous Indonesian chickens which exhibited probiotic and antioxidant properties. Two hundred and forty 21-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into six groups, including birds reared under normal temperature (28 ± 2 °C (CONT, birds reared under HS conditions (35 ± 2 °C (HS-CONT, birds reared under HS and provided with commercial anti-stress formula (HS-VIT, birds reared under HS and provided with R. oryzae (HS-RO, birds reared under HS and provided with C. crassa (HS-CC and birds reared under HS and provided with rice bran (HS-RB. Body weight gain was highest (P < 0. 01 and lowest (P < 0. 01 in CONT and HS-CONT birds, respectively. The heart was heavier (P < 0. 05 in CONT than in HS-CONT and HS-VIT birds. CONT birds had heavier duodenum (P < 0. 05 and jejunum (P < 0. 01 than other birds. Eosinophils was higher (P < 0. 05 in HS-CC than in other birds. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL was higher (P < 0. 05 in HS-CONT than in CONT, HS-VIT and HS-CC birds. Total triglyceride was highest (P < 0. 05 and lowest (P < 0. 05 in HS-RB and HS-RO birds, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT was higher (P < 0. 05 in HS-CONT than in other HS birds. Total protein was lowest and highest (P < 0. 05 in CONT and HS-CONT birds, respectively. Albumin was higher (P < 0. 05 in HS-CONT and HS-VIT than in HS-RO birds. Globulin was lower (P < 0. 05 in CONT than in HS

  1. Regulation of glycogen metabolism by the CRE-1, RCO-1 and RCM-1 proteins in Neurospora crassa. The role of CRE-1 as the central transcriptional regulator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cupertino, Fernanda Barbosa; Virgilio, Stela; Freitas, Fernanda Zanolli; Candido, Thiago de Souza; Bertolini, Maria Célia

    2015-04-01

    The transcription factor CreA/Mig1/CRE-1 is a repressor protein that regulates the use of alternative carbon sources via a mechanism known as Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mig1 recruits the complex Ssn6-Tup1, the Neurospora crassa RCM-1 and RCO-1 orthologous proteins, respectively, to bind to promoters of glucose-repressible genes. We have been studying the regulation of glycogen metabolism in N. crassa and the identification of the RCO-1 corepressor as a regulator led us to investigate the regulatory role of CRE-1 in this process. Glycogen content is misregulated in the rco-1(KO), rcm-1(RIP) and cre-1(KO) strains, and the glycogen synthase phosphorylation is decreased in all strains, showing that CRE-1, RCO-1 and RCM-1 proteins are involved in glycogen accumulation and in the regulation of GSN activity by phosphorylation. We also confirmed the regulatory role of CRE-1 in CCR and its nuclear localization under repressing condition in N. crassa. The expression of all glycogenic genes is misregulated in the cre-1(KO) strain, suggesting that CRE-1 also controls glycogen metabolism by regulating gene expression. The existence of a high number of the Aspergillus nidulans CreA motif (5'-SYGGRG-3') in the glycogenic gene promoters led us to analyze the binding of CRE-1 to some DNA motifs both in vitro by DNA gel shift and in vivo by ChIP-qPCR analysis. CRE-1 bound in vivo to all motifs analyzed demonstrating that it down-regulates glycogen metabolism by controlling gene expression and GSN phosphorylation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. La formación de anillos de crecimiento en Fissurella crassa en el norte de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Bretos

    1980-12-01

    Full Text Available Growth discontinuity in molluscs result in the formation of rings on their shells. Two kind of rings may be formed: disturbance and growth rings. Growth rings can be used to determine the age of molluscs with long life span. For this, it is necessary to know how many growth rings are formed per year. It has been demonstrated experimentally, using marked specimens, that F. crassa forms two growth rings per year at Huayquique, Northern Chile. They are formed during winter and summer. Disturbance ring formation has also been observed as a result of sawing marks on their shells. A growth curve for this species is proposed on the basis of Walford's line.

  3. Identification and characterization of the genes encoding the core histones and histone variants of Neurospora crassa.

    OpenAIRE

    Hays, Shan M; Swanson, Johanna; Selker, Eric U

    2002-01-01

    We have identified and characterized the complete complement of genes encoding the core histones of Neurospora crassa. In addition to the previously identified pair of genes that encode histones H3 and H4 (hH3 and hH4-1), we identified a second histone H4 gene (hH4-2), a divergently transcribed pair of genes that encode H2A and H2B (hH2A and hH2B), a homolog of the F/Z family of H2A variants (hH2Az), a homolog of the H3 variant CSE4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (hH3v), and a highly diverged ...

  4. A Conceptual Framework for the Mission of the NIE Research and Development Center for Teacher Quality and Effectiveness: Final Report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hawley, Willis D.; And Others

    This report presents a conceptual framework for the mission of the National Institute of Education (NIE) Research and Development Center for Teacher Quality and Effectiveness. Several important issues that should be the focus of the Center are identified, and the theoretical foundations to guide the research and development activities to study…

  5. Functional Profiling of Transcription Factor Genes in Neurospora crassa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander J. Carrillo

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Regulation of gene expression by DNA-binding transcription factors is essential for proper control of growth and development in all organisms. In this study, we annotate and characterize growth and developmental phenotypes for transcription factor genes in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. We identified 312 transcription factor genes, corresponding to 3.2% of the protein coding genes in the genome. The largest class was the fungal-specific Zn2Cys6 (C6 binuclear cluster, with 135 members, followed by the highly conserved C2H2 zinc finger group, with 61 genes. Viable knockout mutants were produced for 273 genes, and complete growth and developmental phenotypic data are available for 242 strains, with 64% possessing at least one defect. The most prominent defect observed was in growth of basal hyphae (43% of mutants analyzed, followed by asexual sporulation (38%, and the various stages of sexual development (19%. Two growth or developmental defects were observed for 21% of the mutants, while 8% were defective in all three major phenotypes tested. Analysis of available mRNA expression data for a time course of sexual development revealed mutants with sexual phenotypes that correlate with transcription factor transcript abundance in wild type. Inspection of this data also implicated cryptic roles in sexual development for several cotranscribed transcription factor genes that do not produce a phenotype when mutated.

  6. Manufacturing Growth, Trade and Labour Market Outcomes in East Asia; Why Did the NIEs Forge so far Ahead?

    OpenAIRE

    Chris Manning; Alberto Posso

    2008-01-01

    This paper seeks to explain different real wage outcomes in two groups of East Asian economies: two New Industrialising Economies (NIEs: Korea and Taiwan), and three Southeast Asian economies (ASEAN-3: Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia), all of which grew rapidly for several decades prior to the Asian economic crisis. Drawing on international and national data sets, the paper examines dynamic interactions between manufacturing growth and labour market outcomes. It adopts the dualistic Lewis mo...

  7. Mass-conserving tracer transport modelling on a reduced latitude-longitude grid with NIES-TM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. Belikov

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available The need to perform long-term simulations with reasonable accuracy has led to the development of mass-conservative and efficient numerical methods for solving the transport equation in forward and inverse models. We designed and implemented a flux-form (Eulerian tracer transport algorithm in the National Institute for Environmental Studies Transport Model (NIES TM, which is used for simulating diurnal and synoptic-scale variations of tropospheric long-lived constituents, as well as their seasonal and inter-annual variability. Implementation of the flux-form method requires the mass conservative wind fields. However, the model is off-line and is driven by datasets from a global atmospheric model or data assimilation system, in which vertically integrated mass changes are not in balance with the surface pressure tendency and mass conservation is not achieved. To rectify the mass-imbalance, a flux-correction method is employed. To avoid a singularity near the poles, caused by the small grid size arising from the meridional convergence problem, the proposed model uses a reduced latitude–longitude grid scheme, in which the grid size is doubled several times approaching the poles. This approach overcomes the Courant condition in the Polar Regions, maintains a reasonably high integration time-step, and ensures adequate model performance during simulations. To assess the model performance, we performed global transport simulations for SF6, 222Rn, and CO2. The results were compared with observations available from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases, GLOBALVIEW, and the Hateruma monitoring station, Japan. Overall, the results show that the proposed flux-form version of NIES TM can produce tropospheric tracer transport more realistically than previously possible. The reasons for this improvement are discussed.

  8. Maternal parentage influences spore production but not spore pigmentation in the anisogamous and hermaphroditic fungus Neurospora crassa

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zimmerman, Kolea; Levitis, Daniel; Pringle, Anne

    2014-01-01

    . In this fungus, pigmented spores are viable and unpigmented spores are inviable. These results show that while both parents influence all these traits, maternal influence is strongest on both fertility and mortality traits until the spores are physiologically independent of the maternal cytoplasm.......In this study, we tested the hypothesis that maternal effects on offspring production and quality are greater than paternal effects in both offspring number (fertility) and offspring viability (mortality). We used the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. This fungus is anisogamous......, and various ascospore characteristics. Mixed effects models of these data show that the female parent accounts for the majority of variation in perithecial production, number of spores produced, and spore germination. Surprisingly, both sexes equally influence the percentage of spores that are pigmented...

  9. Neurospora crassa tox-1 Gene Encodes a pH- and Temperature-Tolerant Mini-Cellulase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Yue; Zhang, Qiongsi; Luo, Yiquan; Zhang, Ying; Luo, Xi; Wang, Yuchuan; Cao, Weiguo; Pinto, Vito De; Liu, Qiuyun; Li, Gang

    2016-06-15

    Cellulases that endure extreme conditions are essential in various industrial sectors. This study reports a mini-cellulase gene tox-1 from Neurospora crassa. The gene tox-1 was cloned in Escherichia coli after chimerization with the YebF gene and substitutions of certain isoleucine and valine with leucine residues. The yeast transformants could grow on rice straw-agar medium. The 44-amino acid peptide and its two mutant variants displayed potent cellulase activities in Congo Red assay and enzymatic assays. Conservative replacements with leucine have substantially increased the stabilities and half-lives of the peptides at alkaline pH and low and high temperatures and also the tolerance to organic solvents and surfactants, on the basis of activities toward cellose. The small size of the mini-cellulase would allow for commercially viable automatic chemical peptide synthesis. This work suggests that conservative leucine replacements may serve as a general strategy in the engineering of more robust enzymes with special features with little loss of activities.

  10. Human-Systems Integration (HSI) and the Network Integration Evaluations (NIEs), Part 3: Mitigating Cognitive Load in Network-Enabled Mission Command

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-06-01

    require higher levels of mental ability as well as higher levels of education , training, and experience for effective use . In short, ICT insertions such...the people using the gizmos” (Wallace 2005, p. 20). Personnel, training, and organization are important aspects of overall mission command system...organizational learning is important with respect to how well a test unit will use new equipment suites during an exercise such as the NIEs (Alberts

  11. Oser le génie végétal en rivière de montagne – Retour d'expérience sur les ouvrages Géni'Alp

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    EVETTE, André

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Encore peu utilisées sur les cours d'eau dynamiques comme les rivières de montagne, les techniques de génie végétal représentent pourtant une solution écologique et économique pour la protection des berges. En s'appuyant sur le retour d'expérience de plusieurs chantiers pilotes en France et en Suisse, cet article s'intéresse à la capacité des techniques de génie végétal à résister sur des rivières de montagne associant contraintes climatiques, végétation et hydrologie particulière avec d'importantes contraintes physiques liées à l'eau et au transport solide.

  12. Alteration of light-dependent gene regulation by the absence of the RCO-1/RCM-1 repressor complex in the fungus Neurospora crassa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Ruger-Herreros

    Full Text Available The activation of transcription by light in the fungus Neurospora crassa requires the White Collar Complex (WCC, a photoreceptor and transcription factor complex. After light reception two WCCs interact and bind the promoters of light-regulated genes to activate transcription. This process is regulated by VVD, a small photoreceptor that disrupts the interaction between WCCs and leads to a reduction in transcription after long exposures to light. The N. crassa RCO-1/RCM-1 repressor complex is the homolog of the Tup1-Ssn6 repressor complex in yeast, and its absence modifies photoadaptation. We show that the absence of the RCO-1/RCM-1 repressor complex leads to several alterations in transcription that are gene-specific: an increase in the accumulation of mRNAs in the dark, a repression of transcription, and a derepression of transcription after long exposures to light. The absence of the RCO-1/RCM-1 repressor complex leads to lower VVD levels that are available for the regulation of the activity of the WCC. The reduction in the amount of VVD results in increased WCC binding to the promoters of light-regulated genes in the dark and after long exposures to light, leading to the modification of photoadaptation that has been observed in rco-1 and rcm-1 mutants. Our results show that the photoadaptation phenotype of mutants in the RCO-1/RCM-1 repressor complex is, at least in part, an indirect consequence of the reduction of vvd transcription, and the resulting modification in the regulation of transcription by the WCC.

  13. Langue, pouvoir et politique au regard de la schizophrénie et de la paranoïa

    OpenAIRE

    Guyard , Hubert; De Guibert , Clément

    2009-01-01

    Réunies traditionnellement sous l'appellation de psychose, la paranoïa et la schizophrénie semblent constituer en même temps des conditions pathologiques opposées du point de vue de la responsabilité et du pouvoir. De manière résumée et descriptive, le paranoïaque est envahissant, procédurier et " interventionniste " ; il délire " en actes " dans le sens de l'exercice ou du combat d'une puissance effective (persécution, préjudice, jalousie...) dont il est le sujet dominateur ou dominé. Les en...

  14. Régulation en génie climatique froid, climatisation, chauffage

    CERN Document Server

    Desmons, Jean

    2010-01-01

    Après un rappel des bases de l'électronique et de l'hydraulique nécessaires en régulation climatique, cet ouvrage donne tous les éléments méthodologiques et technologiques pour : concevoir les systèmes de régulation adaptés aux installations de froid, de climatisation et de chauffage ; mettre en oeuvre les régulateurs (entrées / sorties, réglage, paramétrage, dépannage, repérage et contrôle) ; pratiquer la maintenance des installations. Il regroupe notamment plusieurs cas pratiques de régulation d'installations réelles : groupe à eau glacée, bloc opératoire, pompes à chaleur, régulation numérique, détente directe, alimentation en fluide frigoporteur. Cette seconde édition révisée et mise à jour s'enrichit également d'une section sur les installations photovoltaïques et d'un nouveau chapitre sur la régulation numérique et les systèmes informatiques. Cet ouvrage constitue un outil de travail indispensable aux ingénieurs et techniciens en froid et génie climatique et en régu...

  15. Alterations in growth and branching of Neurospora crassa caused by sub-inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents Alteraciones de crecimiento y ramificación en Neurospora crassa provocadas por concentraciones subinhibitorias de agentes antimicóticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. C. Pereira

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Six antifungal agents at subinhibitory concentrations were used for investigating their ability to affect the growth and branching in Neurospora crassa. Among the antifungals herein used, the azole agent ketoconazole at 0.5 μg/ml inhibited radial growth more than fluconazole at 5.0 μg/ml while amphotericin B at 0.05 μg/ml was more effective than nystatin at 0.05 μg/ml. Morphological alterations in hyphae were observed in the presence of griseofulvin, ketoconazole and terbinafine at the established concentrations. The antifungal agents were more effective on vegetative growth than on conidial germination. Terbinafine markedly reduced growth unit length (GU by 54.89%, and caused mycelia to become hyperbranched. In all cases, there was a high correlation between hyphal length and number of tips (r > 0.9. All our results showed highly significant differences by ANOVA, (p Se investigó el efecto de seis agentes antimicóticos en concentraciones subinhibitorias sobre el crecimiento y la ramificación en Neurospora crassa. El agente azólico ketoconazol a la concentración de 0,5 μg/ml inhibió el crecimiento radial más que el fluconazol a 5,0 μg/ml, y la anfotericina B a 0,05 μg/ ml fue más eficiente que 0,05 μg/ml de nistatina, entre los agentes poliénicos usados. En presencia de griseofulvina, ketoconazol y terbinafina a las concentraciones establecidas se observaron alteraciones morfológicas en las hifas. Los agentes antimicóticos fueron más eficientes sobre el crecimiento vegetativo que sobre la germinación conidial. La terbinafina redujo marcadamente (54,89% la longitud de la unidad de crecimiento y provocó la hiperramificación del micelio. En todos los casos, existió gran correlación entre la longitud y el número de ápices de las hifas (r > 0,9. Todos los resultados mostraron diferencias altamente significativas de acuerdo con ANOVA (p < 0,001, α = 0,05. Considerando que el ápice de la hifa es la principal interfase entre

  16. Évaluation de la réussite de l'ouvrage de protection de berges de la Romanche au barrage de Livet, réalisé à l'aide de techniques de génie végétal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DELAGE, Camille

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available À l’interface entre les écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres, le génie végétal sur les berges de cours d’eau s’inspire et utilise les capacités naturelles des végétaux comme matériel de base à la reconstruction de berges. Cette alternative au génie civil, confère aux écosystèmes une meilleure capacité de retour vers des systèmes plus naturels et surtout plus diversifiés. Toutefois, la restauration écologique et particulièrement les techniques de génie végétal souffrent de l’absence généralisée d’évaluation du succès et de retours d’expérience sur le développement des espèces et la tenue des différentes techniques. Cet article présente la démarche adoptée ainsi que les principaux résultats du suivi du réaménagement des berges de la Romanche au barrage de Livet, réalisé avec des techniques mixtes associant enrochements et différentes techniques de génie végétal.

  17. Identification of two products of mitochondrial protein synthesis associated with mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase from Neurospora crassa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jackl, G.; Sebald, W.

    1975-01-01

    Soluble mitochondrial ATPase (F 1 ) isolated from Neurospora crassa is resolved by dodecyl-sulfate-gel electrophoresis into five polypeptide bands with apparent molecular weights of 59,000, 55,000, 36,000, 15,000 and 12,000. At least nine further polypeptides remain associated with ATPase after disintegration of mitochondria with Triton X-100 as shown by the analysis of an immunoprecipitate obtained with antiserum to F 1 ATPase. Two of the associated polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 19,000 and 11,000 are translated on mitochondrial ribosomes, as demonstrated by incorporation in vivo of radioactive leucine in the presence of specific inhibitors of mitochondrial (chloramphenicol) and extramitochondrial (cycloheximide) protein synthesis. The appearance of mitochondrial translation products in the immunoprecipitated ATPase complex is inhibited by cycloheximide. The same applies for some of the extramitochondrial translation products in the presence of chloramphenicol. This suggests that both types of polypeptides are necessary for the assembly of the ATPase complex. (orig.) [de

  18. La micro-échelle en synthèse organique : un outil commun chimie/génie chimique

    OpenAIRE

    Prat , Laurent E.; Loubiere , Karine; Dechy-Cabaret , Odile

    2014-01-01

    National audience; Cet article est une restitution courte de la présentation réalisée au cours des JIREC 2013 sur l'enseignement de la notion de changement d'échelle et de passage d'un mode batch à un mode continu en synthèse organique. L'enjeu est de faire travailler des étudiants issus des départements chimie et génie chimique autour d'un même outil, le microréacteur. Au cours d'une séance de travaux pratiques, les étudiants mettent en oeuvre une synthèse organique en continu à micro-échell...

  19. Screening of agricultural wastes as a medium production of catalase for enzymatic fuel cell by Neurospora crassa InaCC F226

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santoso, Pugoh; Yopi

    2017-12-01

    Explorations of local microorganisms from Indonesia that can produce of catalase are still limited. Neurospora crassa is a fungus which resulting of two kinds of catalase, namely catalase-1 and catalase-3. We studied the production of catalase by Neurospora crassa (no. F226) from Indonesia Culture Collection (InaCC) in Solid State Fermentation (SSF). Among four screened agro wastes (corn cob, rice straw, oil palm empty fruit bunches, and bagasse), rice straw and oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were remarked as the most promising substrate suited for the excellent growth and adequate production of catalase. Based on the result, the method of solid state fermentation was suitable to production of catalase. It is caused that the medium served to maintain microbial growth and metabolism. The filamentous filament is more suitable for living on solid media because it has a high tolerance to low water activity, and it has a high potential to excrete hydrolytic enzymes that caused of its morphology. The filamentous filament morphology allows the fungus to form colonies and penetrate the solid substrates in order to obtain nutrients. The results showed that the highest catalase activity was obtained on rice straw and oil palm empty fruit bunches medium with catalase activity of 39.1 U/mL and 37,7 U/mL in 50% moisture content medium, respectively. Optimization of humidity and pH medium in the rice straw were investigated which is the highest activity obtained in 30% moisture content and pH medium of 6. The catalase activity was reached in the value of 53.761 U/mL and 56.903 U/mL by incubated 48 hours and 96 hours, respectively.

  20. L’évolution des essais cliniques de phase 2 : « les preuves de concept » en schizophrénie

    OpenAIRE

    Frisch , Céline

    2014-01-01

    Non disponible / Not available; La schizophrénie est une maladie mentale caractérisée par une dissociation de lapersonnalité, affectant le rapport du malade à la réalité. Elle fait partie des dix maladiesles plus invalidantes.Les traitements actuels (antipsychotiques) agissent principalement sur les symptômespositifs : hallucinations et délires et ont montré leurs limites sur le reste de lasymptomatologie.Les études de preuve de concept sont des études de phase IIa. Elles ont pour but deteste...

  1. Le genre Tunga Jarocki, 1838 (Siphonaptera : Tungidae. I – Taxonomie, phylogénie, écologie, rôle pathogène

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beaucournu J.-C.

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Pour la première fois, les 12 espèces actuellement décrites dans le genre Tunga sont étudiées sur le plan de la taxonomie et de la répartition. Divers aspects de leur biologie et leur rôle pathogène sont également envisagés, et en particulier leur phylogénie, leur chorologie, leur phénologie, leur sexe-ratio et leurs dermecos.

  2. Le genre Tunga Jarocki, 1838 (Siphonaptera : Tungidae). I – Taxonomie, phylogénie, écologie, rôle pathogène

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beaucournu, J.-C.; Degeilh, B.; Mergey, T.; Muñoz-Leal, S.; González-Acuña, D.

    2012-01-01

    Pour la première fois, les 12 espèces actuellement décrites dans le genre Tunga sont étudiées sur le plan de la taxonomie et de la répartition. Divers aspects de leur biologie et leur rôle pathogène sont également envisagés, et en particulier leur phylogénie, leur chorologie, leur phénologie, leur sexe-ratio et leurs dermecos. PMID:23193514

  3. Acetylglutamate synthase in Neurospora crassa: characterization, localization, and genetic behavior of a regulatory enzyme of arginine biosynthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jacobson, J.A.

    1988-01-01

    This study describes the characterization and localization of the first enzyme of arginine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa. A radioactive assay was developed to detect this enzyme whereby radioactive substrate and product molecules could be separated by ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was found to have a pH optimum of 9.0 and K/sub m/ values for glutamate and acetyl-CoA of approximately 4.7 and 0.45 mM, respectively. The enzyme was shown to be feedback inhibited by arginine. Half-maximal inhibition was observed at 0.13 mM arginine, a concentration which is similar to be in vivo cytosolic concentration of 0.2 mM. Arginine was found to act as a competitive inhibitor with respect to acetyl-CoA. Acetylglutamate synthase was localized to the mitochondrion. However, in contrast to the mitochondrial matrix location of the other ornithine biosynthetic enzymes, this enzyme was found to reside on the mitochondrial inner membrane

  4. Involvement of mitochondrial proteins in calcium signaling and cell death induced by staurosporine in Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gonçalves, A Pedro; Cordeiro, J Miguel; Monteiro, João; Lucchi, Chiara; Correia-de-Sá, Paulo; Videira, Arnaldo

    2015-10-01

    Staurosporine-induced cell death in Neurospora crassa includes a well defined sequence of alterations in cytosolic calcium levels, comprising extracellular Ca(2+) influx and mobilization of Ca(2+) from internal stores. Here, we show that cells undergoing respiratory stress due to the lack of certain components of the mitochondrial complex I (like the 51kDa and 14kDa subunits) or the Ca(2+)-binding alternative NADPH dehydrogenase NDE-1 are hypersensitive to staurosporine and incapable of setting up a proper intracellular Ca(2+) response. Cells expressing mutant forms of NUO51 that mimic human metabolic diseases also presented Ca(2+) signaling deficiencies. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species is increased in cells lacking NDE-1 and seems to be required for Ca(2+) oscillations in response to staurosporine. Measurement of the mitochondrial levels of Ca(2+) further supported the involvement of these organelles in staurosporine-induced Ca(2+) signaling. In summary, our data indicate that staurosporine-induced fungal cell death involves a sophisticated response linking Ca(2+) dynamics and bioenergetics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Tematy, których nie da się uśpić. Z Jerzym Jedlickim rozmawia Anna Zawadzka

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna Zawadzka

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available On subjects that cannot be put to sleep. Anna Zawadzka in an interview with Jerzy Jedlicki The conversation with Jerzy Jedlicki is a part of series of interviews starting with the question about the subjects, that the interlocutors during his or her academical career were advised (by different persons and for different reasons not to pursue. Jedlicki mentions about three such issues: Poles and Jews during II World War period, Israel and Palestine, atheism and faith. He points out that nobody discouraged him from pursuing these subjects – it was himself, who refrained from being vocal on these matters. He clarifies why he used to censor himself, analyses how all the subjects work today in Polish public sphere and explains why he broke the silence several times.   Tematy, których nie da się uśpić. Z Jerzym Jedlickim rozmawia Anna Zawadzka Rozmowa z Jerzym Jedlickim przynależy do cyklu wywiadów, które rozpoczynają się pytaniem o tematy, które w toku kariery naukowej były rozmówcy z różnych przyczyn i przez różne osoby odradzane. Jedlicki wymienia trzy takie kwestie: Polacy i Żydzi w okresie okupacji, Izrael i Palestyna oraz ateizm i wiara. Zaznacza, że nikt mu nie odradzał ich podejmowania, a jedynie on sam powstrzymywał się przed zabieraniem publicznie głosu w tych sprawach. Wyjaśnia dlaczego się autocenzurował, analizuje, w jaki sposób wszystkie te trzy tematy funkcjonują dziś w polskiej sferze publicznej oraz tłumaczy, dlaczego kilkakrotnie przerwał jednak milczenie.

  6. Numerical and physical modeling of water flow over the ogee weir of the new Niedów barrage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herrera-Granados Oscar

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, two- and three-dimensional numerical modeling is applied in order to simulate water flow behavior over the new Niedów barrage in South Poland. The draining capacity of one of the flood alleviation structures (ogee weir for exploitation and catastrophic conditions was estimated. In addition, the output of the numerical models is compared with experimental data. The experiments demonstrated that the draining capacity of the barrage alleviation scheme is sufficiently designed for catastrophic scenarios if water is flowing under steady flow conditions. Nevertheless, the new cofferdam, which is part of the temporal reconstruction works, is affecting the draining capacity of the whole low-head barrage project.

  7. X-ray-induced specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of two-component heterokaryons of Neurospora crassa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Serres, F.J. de

    1989-01-01

    More extensive genetic tests have been preformed on a series of 832 X-ray-induced specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of a 2-component heterokaryon of Neurospora crassa, reported earlier. Using new tester strains and techniques for performing large-scale genetic tests to characterize ad-3 mutants induced in 2-component heterokaryons, new data have been obtained on this sample of X-ray-induced mutants. These new data show that unexpectedly high frequencies of both single-locus mutations and multilocus deletions in the ad-3 region have addition, but separate, sites of recessive lethal damage in the imeediately adjacent genetic regions. The frequencies of these X-ray-induced multiple-locus mutants in the ad-3 region are orders of magnitude higher than expected on the basis of target theory and classical models of chromosome structure during interphase. Current models of interphase chromosome structure in higher eukaryotes as revealed by chromosome 'painting' offer a possible explanation of the Neurospora data. (author). 25 refs.; 5 figs

  8. Functional Lycopene Cyclase (CruA) in Cyanobacterium, Arthrospira platensis NIES-39, and its Role in Carotenoid Synthesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sugiyama, Kenjiro; Ebisawa, Masashi; Yamada, Masaharu; Nagashima, Yoshiki; Suzuki, Hideyuki; Maoka, Takashi; Takaichi, Shinichi

    2017-04-01

    The genus Arthrospira is filamentous, non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria that is commercially important. We identified the molecular structures of carotenoids in Arthrospira platensis NIES-39. The major carotenoid identified was β-carotene. In addition, the hydroxyl derivatives of β-cryptoxanthin and (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin were also found to be present. The carotenoid glycosides were identified as (3R,2'S)-myxol 2'-methylpentoside and oscillol 2,2'-dimethylpentoside. The methylpentoside moiety was a mixture of fucoside and chinovoside in an approximate ratio of 1 : 4. Trace amounts of the ketocarotenoid 3'-hydroxyechinenone were also found. Three types of lycopene cyclases have been functionally confirmed in carotenogenesis organisms. In cyanobacteria, the functional lycopene cyclases (CrtL, CruA and CruP) have only been found in four species. In this study, we found that CruA exhibited lycopene cyclase activity in transformed Escherichia coli, which contains lycopene, but CruP exhibited no lycopene cyclase activity and crtL was absent. This is the third cyanobacterial species in which CruA activity has been confirmed. Neurosporene was not a substrate of CruA in E. coli, whereas lycopene cyclases of CrtY (bacteria), CrtL (plants) and CrtYB (fungi) have been reported to convert neurosporene to 7,8-dihydro-β-carotene. β-Carotene hydroxylase (CrtR) was found to convert β-carotene to zeaxanthin in transformed E. coli, which contains β-carotene. Among the β-carotene hydroxylases, bacterial CrtZ and eukaryotic CrtR and BCH have similarities, whereas cyanobacterial CrtR appears to belong to another clade. Based on the identification of the carotenoids and the completion of the entire nucleotide sequence of the A. platensis NIES-39 genome, we propose a biosynthetic pathway for the carotenoids as well as the corresponding genes and enzymes. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved

  9. The Oxygenase CAO-1 of Neurospora crassa Is a Resveratrol Cleavage Enzyme

    KAUST Repository

    Diaz-Sanchez, V.; F. Estrada, A.; Limon, M. C.; Al-Babili, Salim; Avalos, J.

    2013-01-01

    The genome of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa encodes CAO-1 and CAO-2, two members of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase family that target double bonds in different substrates. Previous studies demonstrated the role of CAO-2 in cleaving the C40 carotene torulene, a key step in the synthesis of the C35 apocarotenoid pigment neurosporaxanthin. In this work, we investigated the activity of CAO-1, assuming that it may provide retinal, the chromophore of the NOP-1 rhodopsin, by cleaving β-carotene. For this purpose, we tested CAO-1 activity with carotenoid substrates that were, however, not converted. In contrast and consistent with its sequence similarity to family members that act on stilbenes, CAO-1 cleaved the interphenyl Cα-Cβ double bond of resveratrol and its derivative piceatannol. CAO-1 did not convert five other similar stilbenes, indicating a requirement for a minimal number of unmodified hydroxyl groups in the stilbene background. Confirming its biological function in converting stilbenes, adding resveratrol led to a pronounced increase in cao-1 mRNA levels, while light, a key regulator of carotenoid metabolism, did not alter them. Targeted Δcao-1 mutants were not impaired by the presence of resveratrol, a phytoalexin active against different fungi, which did not significantly affect the growth and development of wild-type Neurospora. However, under partial sorbose toxicity, the Δcao-1 colonies exhibited faster radial growth than control strains in the presence of resveratrol, suggesting a moderate toxic effect of resveratrol cleavage products.

  10. The Oxygenase CAO-1 of Neurospora crassa Is a Resveratrol Cleavage Enzyme

    KAUST Repository

    Diaz-Sanchez, V.

    2013-07-26

    The genome of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa encodes CAO-1 and CAO-2, two members of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase family that target double bonds in different substrates. Previous studies demonstrated the role of CAO-2 in cleaving the C40 carotene torulene, a key step in the synthesis of the C35 apocarotenoid pigment neurosporaxanthin. In this work, we investigated the activity of CAO-1, assuming that it may provide retinal, the chromophore of the NOP-1 rhodopsin, by cleaving β-carotene. For this purpose, we tested CAO-1 activity with carotenoid substrates that were, however, not converted. In contrast and consistent with its sequence similarity to family members that act on stilbenes, CAO-1 cleaved the interphenyl Cα-Cβ double bond of resveratrol and its derivative piceatannol. CAO-1 did not convert five other similar stilbenes, indicating a requirement for a minimal number of unmodified hydroxyl groups in the stilbene background. Confirming its biological function in converting stilbenes, adding resveratrol led to a pronounced increase in cao-1 mRNA levels, while light, a key regulator of carotenoid metabolism, did not alter them. Targeted Δcao-1 mutants were not impaired by the presence of resveratrol, a phytoalexin active against different fungi, which did not significantly affect the growth and development of wild-type Neurospora. However, under partial sorbose toxicity, the Δcao-1 colonies exhibited faster radial growth than control strains in the presence of resveratrol, suggesting a moderate toxic effect of resveratrol cleavage products.

  11. Eugénie Grandet d'Honoré de Balzac : l'histoire secrète d'une écriture romanesque

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katarina Marinčič

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Selon le témoignage de Mme Surville, l'histoire d'Eugénie Grandet est tirée, détails financiers y compris, d'une gazette provinciale. Le chef-d'oeuvre de Balzac s'inscrit donc a la liste des romans français du XIXe siècle, inspirés par des 'faits divers'. Il s'agit d'une histoire qui, à part les millions, présente peu de fantastique: une jeune fille de province mène une vie humble, presque misérable, dans la maison de son père tyranique et avare; jusqu'à l'ouverture du testament, elle ignore le fait qu'elle est héritière d'une immense fortune; or, en ce moment, il est déjà trop tard: l'homme qu'Eugénie aime passionnément va se marier avec une autre; ironie atroce, il avait choisi cette autre - et trahi la petite provinciale qu'il avait présumée pauvre - afin d'augmenter sa fortune ... Une histoire typiquement balzacienne donc: ce que l'écrivain définit, dans un autre chef-d'oeuvre, comme un dénouement atroce, réel et vrai. Par son intrigue, ses personnages et le milieu dans lequel il se déroule, le roman appartient à la partie 'réaliste' de l'oeuvre de Balzac. Comme tel, il a été le sujet de nombreuses études sur le réalisme balzacien. Or, son intérêt historique et sociologique est plutôt dans le détail que dans la totalité.

  12. Rediscovery by Whole Genome Sequencing: Classical Mutations and Genome Polymorphisms in Neurospora crassa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    McCluskey, Kevin; Wiest, Aric E.; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Lipzen, Anna; Martin, Joel; Schackwitz, Wendy; Baker, Scott E.

    2011-06-02

    Classical forward genetics has been foundational to modern biology, and has been the paradigm for characterizing the role of genes in shaping phenotypes for decades. In recent years, reverse genetics has been used to identify the functions of genes, via the intentional introduction of variation and subsequent evaluation in physiological, molecular, and even population contexts. These approaches are complementary and whole genome analysis serves as a bridge between the two. We report in this article the whole genome sequencing of eighteen classical mutant strains of Neurospora crassa and the putative identification of the mutations associated with corresponding mutant phenotypes. Although some strains carry multiple unique nonsynonymous, nonsense, or frameshift mutations, the combined power of limiting the scope of the search based on genetic markers and of using a comparative analysis among the eighteen genomes provides strong support for the association between mutation and phenotype. For ten of the mutants, the mutant phenotype is recapitulated in classical or gene deletion mutants in Neurospora or other filamentous fungi. From thirteen to 137 nonsense mutations are present in each strain and indel sizes are shown to be highly skewed in gene coding sequence. Significant additional genetic variation was found in the eighteen mutant strains, and this variability defines multiple alleles of many genes. These alleles may be useful in further genetic and molecular analysis of known and yet-to-be-discovered functions and they invite new interpretations of molecular and genetic interactions in classical mutant strains.

  13. Mutagenesis at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci in haploid UV-sensitive strains of Neurospora crassa. Pt. 2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Serres, F.J. de

    1980-01-01

    UV-induced inactivation and induction of mutations at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci of Neurospora crassa have been compared among 7 different UV-sensitive strains and a standard wild-type strain. The 7 strains show varying degrees of sensitivity to UV-induced inactivation, with the relative sensitivity being: uvs-2 > uvs-3 > uvs-4 > uvs-6 > upr-1 > uvs-5 > uvs-1. Studies on the induction of ad-3 mutants by UV show that the 2 excision-repair deficient mutants uvs-2 and upr-1 exhibit enhanced ad-3 mutant frequencies, while uvs-4 and uvs-5 exhibit reduced ad-3 mutant frequencies, and uvs-3 completely eliminates UV mutagenesis. The ad-3 mutation-induction curves obtained with uvs-1 or uvs-6 are not significantly different from that found with the wild-type strain. (orig.)

  14. Mutagenesis at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci in haploid UV-sensitive strains of Neurospora crassa. Pt. 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schuepbach, M.E.; Serres, F.J. de

    1981-01-01

    γ-ray-induced inactivation and induction of mutations at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci of Neurospora crassa have been compared among 6 different UV- sensitive strains and a standard wild-type strain. The 6 strains show varying degrees of sensitivy to γ-ray-induced inactivation, with the relative sensitivy at 37% survival being uvs-6 > upr-1 > uvs-2 UE uvs-3 > wild-type > uvs-5 > uvs-4. Studies on the induction of ad-3 mutants by γ-rays show that when the dose-response curves (expressed in terms of ad-3 mutants among the surving colonies) of the UV-sensitive strains are compared with wild-type, the excision-repair-deficient mutants uvs-2 and upr-1 exhibit enhanced ad-3 mutant frequencies, uvs-3 exibits reduced ad-3 mutant frequencies whereas both uvs-4 and uvs-5 show lower mutant frequencies than wild-type. (orig.)

  15. Phylogenetics and Gene Structure Dynamics of Polygalacturonase Genes in Aspergillus and Neurospora crassa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jin-Sung Hong

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Polygalacturonase (PG gene is a typical gene family present in eukaryotes. Forty-nine PGs were mined from the genomes of Neurospora crassa and five Aspergillus species. The PGs were classified into 3 clades such as clade 1 for rhamno-PGs, clade 2 for exo-PGs and clade 3 for exo- and endo-PGs, which were further grouped into 13 sub-clades based on the polypeptide sequence similarity. In gene structure analysis, a total of 124 introns were present in 44 genes and five genes lacked introns to give an average of 2.5 introns per gene. Intron phase distribution was 64.5% for phase 0, 21.8% for phase 1, and 13.7% for phase 2, respectively. The introns varied in their sequences and their lengths ranged from 20 bp to 424 bp with an average of 65.9 bp, which is approximately half the size of introns in other fungal genes. There were 29 homologous intron blocks and 26 of those were sub-clade specific. Intron losses were counted in 18 introns in which no obvious phase preference for intron loss was observed. Eighteen introns were placed at novel positions, which is considerably higher than those of plant PGs. In an evolutionary sense both intron loss and gain must have taken place for shaping the current PGs in these fungi. Together with the small intron size, low conservation of homologous intron blocks and higher number of novel introns, PGs of fungal species seem to have recently undergone highly dynamic evolution.

  16. Structure and function of initiator methionine tRNA from the mitochondria of Neurospora crassa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heckman, J.E.; Hecker, L.I.; Schwartzbach, S.D.; Barnett, W.E.; Baumstark, B.; RajBhandary, U.L.

    1978-01-01

    Initiator methionine tRNA from the mitochondria of Neurospora crassa has been purified and sequenced. This mitochondrial tRNA can be aminoacylated and formylated by E. coli enzymes, and is capable of initiating protein synthesis in E. coli extracts. The nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial initiator tRNA (the first mitochondrial tRNA subjected to sequence analysis) is very rich in A + U, like that reported for total mitochondrial tRNA. In two of the unique features which differentiate procaryotic from eucaryotic cytoplasmic initiator tRNAs, the mitochondrial tRNA appears to resemble the eucaryotic initiator tRNAs. Thus unlike procaryotic initiator tRNAs in which the 5' terminal nucleotide cannot form a Watson-Crick base pair to the fifth nucleotide from 3' end, the mitochondrial tRNA can form such a base pair; and like the eucaryotic cytoplasmic initiator tRNAs, the mitochondrial initiator tRNA lacks the sequence - T psiCG(or A) in loop IV. The corresponding sequence in the mitochondrial tRNA, however, is -UGCA- and not -AU(or psi)CG- as found in all eucaryotic cytoplasmic initiator tRNAs. In spite of some similarity of the mitochondrial initiator tRNA to both eucaryotic and procaryotic initiator tRNAs, the mitochondrial initiator tRNA is basically different from both these tRNAs. Between these two classes of initiator tRNAs, however, it is more homologous in sequence to procaryotic (56 to 60%) than to eucaryotic cytoplasmic initiator tRNAs

  17. Elimination of active tad elements during the sexual phase of the Neurospora crassa life cycle.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anderson, C; Tang, Q; Kinsey, J A

    2001-06-01

    Tad is an active LINE-like retrotransposon isolated from the Adiopodoumé strain of Neurospora crassa. Extensive analysis of other Neurospora strains has revealed no other strain with active Tad, but all strains tested have multiple copies of defective Tad elements. We have examined the ability of Tad to survive during the sexual cycle of Neurospora and find that active Tad is rapidly eliminated. The characteristics of this elimination suggest that the repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) mechanism was responsible. By the use of transformation to switch the mating type of the Adiopodoumé strain we concluded that this strain is not defective in the RIP process. Analysis of defective Tad elements isolated from a variety of strains indicates that the major difference between these elements and active Tad is due to the presence of a large number of G-C to A-T transition mutations. This would be expected if the changes were due primarily to the RIP process. Mapping of a selection of defective Tad elements reveals that they are present on all of the chromosomes; however, many of the elements are not widely shared among strains. This suggests that repeated introduction and elimination of Tad elements has occurred. Mechanisms that might be responsible for this repeated introduction are discussed. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

  18. Duckweed does not improve the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment in lemna system plants / Rzęsa nie poprawia efektywności oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w oczyszczalniach typu Lemna System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ozimek Teresa

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Badania prowadzono w trzech czyszczalniach hydrofi towych z powierzchniowym przepływem ścieków typu Lemna System, zbudowanych według projektu Lemna Corporation. Składają się one ze stawu napowietrzanego i stawu rzęsowego wyposażonego w system barier mających na celu równomierne rozmieszczenie roślin. Stawy poprzedzone są osadnikiem wstępnym. Według projektantów odpowiednia praca tych oczyszczalni związana jest z występowaniem rzęsy na powierzchni stawu rzęsowego. Badano efektywność oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w trzech oczyszczalniach Lemna System usytuowanych w centralnej Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli stawu rzęsowego i samej rzęsy. Oczyszczalnie różniły się między sobą występowaniem rzęsy. W dwóch z nich (w Rakowie i Bąkowcu w trakcie całego okresu badań rzęsa nie występowała, natomiast w trzeciej (w Falęcinie Starym w okresie wegetacyjnym pokrywała do 90%.powierzchni stawu. Efektywność oczyszczanie ścieków nie różniła się w oczyszczalni z rzęsą i bez rzęsy. Rzęsa nie wpływała istotnie na efektywność oczyszczania ścieków. We wszystkich oczyszczalniach główną rolę w redukcji zanieczyszczeń odgrywał staw napowietrzany

  19. Redescription of Protoopalina pingi Nie, 1935 inhabiting the recta of Hylarana guentheri and Pelophylax nigromaculatus in China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Weidong

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available A redescription of Protoopalina pingi Nie, 1935 is presented in this paper to complete Nie’s description at both light and scanning electron microscope levels. These organisms were collected from the recta of the frogs Hylarana guentheri Boulenger, 1882 and Pelophylax nigromaculatus Hallowell, 1861 from Jialing River, Sichuan Province and Honghu Lake, Hubei Province, respectively, in China. This is the first record of its occurrence in H. guentheri and P. nigromaculatus. The body of P. pingi is elongated and somewhat spindle-like in shape, slightly narrowed and bluntly rounded at the anterior extremity, while the posterior end is tapering or sharply pointed. The body surface is thickly flagellated, with the caudal tip being barren. The falx, located at the margin of the anterior end, is composed of a narrow band of kinetosomes. Four round or oval-shaped nuclei, usually arranged in a straight line, are situated in the middle region of the body. Comparisons are made between P. pingi and its congeners.

  20. Dramaturgia wiersza: „wiersz-płacz”. Płakała w nocy, ale nie jej płacz go zbudził

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna Krajewska

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The article is an interpretation of the poem “Płakała w nocy, ale nie jej płacz go zbudził” (“She cried at night, but not her cries woke him” written by Stanisław Barańczak. The author focuses on description in this poem – dramatic in shape, philosophical, and according to the narrative of the anthropocentrism crisis. The author considers this poem to be a metaphysical text defining the relationship between the world of human and non-human reality. She compares the poem with those written by Jan Kochanowski (Laments, Cyprian Kamil Norwid (In Verona, Andrew Marvell (Eyes and tears, Szymborska (Apple tree.

  1. Modelant la simptomatologia de l'esquizofrènia en les soques de rates romanes i en les genèticament heterogènies NIH-HS /

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveras Puigdellivol, Ignasi,

    2017-01-01

    En aquesta Tesi es presenten quatre estudis que tenien l'objectiu de validar les rates romanes (RHA-I i RLA-I) com a model animal d'alguns símptomes rellevants per a l'esquizofrènia. L'Estudi 1 tenia com a objectiu principal fer la caracterització conductual de les rates romanes d'alta i baixa evitació (RHA-I i RLA-I, respectivament) i de les rates genèticament heterogènies NIH-HS en dues tasques relacionades amb els símptomes de l'esquizofrènia, com són els dèficits de filtratge atencional, ...

  2. Effects of silicon-limitation on growth and morphology of Triparma laevis NIES-2565 (Parmales, Heterokontophyta).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamada, Kazumasa; Yoshikawa, Shinya; Ichinomiya, Mutsuo; Kuwata, Akira; Kamiya, Mitsunobu; Ohki, Kaori

    2014-01-01

    The order Parmales (Heterokontophyta) is a group of small-sized unicellular marine phytoplankton, which is distributed widely from tropical to polar waters. The cells of Parmales are surrounded by a distinctive cell wall, which consists of several siliceous plates fitting edge to edge. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses suggest that Parmales is one of the key organisms for elucidating the evolutionary origin of Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), the most successful heterokontophyta. The effects of silicon-limitation on growth and morphogenesis of plates were studied using a strain of Triparma laevis NIES-2565, which was cultured for the first time in artificial sea water. The cells of T. laevis were surrounded by eight plates when grown with sufficient silicon. However, plate formation became incomplete when cells were cultured in a medium containing low silicate (ca. silicon-limitation did not affect growth rate; cells continued to divide without changing their growth rate, even after all plates were lost. Loss of plates was reversible; when cells without plates were transferred to a medium containing sufficient silicate, regeneration of shield and ventral plates was followed by the formation of girdle and triradiate plates. The results indicate that the response to silicon-limitation of T. laevis is different from that of diatoms, where cell division becomes inhibited under such conditions.

  3. Biochemical genetics of the circadian rhythm in Neurospora crassa: studies on the cel strain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lakin-Thomas, P.L.

    1985-01-01

    In Neurospora crassa, the cel mutation lengthens the period of the circadian rhythm when the medium is supplemented with linoleic acid (18:2). Double mutant strains were constructed between cel and the clock mutants prd-1 and four alleles at the frq locus. It was found that: (1) the effect of 18:2 on cel was blocked by prd-1, i.e., prd-1 is epistatic to cel. (2) cel and frq interact such that the percent increase in the period produced by 18:2 was inversely proportional to the period of the frq parent. (3) Data from the literature on period effects in double mutant strains support a multiplicative rather than an additive model. A biochemical interpretation of these interactions is discussed, based on the control of flux through metabolic pathways. Because the cel strain is known to be deficient in the pantothenate derivative normally attached to the fatty acid synthetase (FAS) complex, the possibility that cel may affect other pantothenate-modified proteins was investigated. It was found that in the cel + strain, five proteins of molecular weights (M/sub r/) 9000, 19,000, 22,000, 140,000, and 200,000 were labelled with [ 14 C]pantothenate. In the cel strain, only the 200 k (FAS) label was reduced in amount. Therefore, there is no evidence that cel affects circadian rhythmicity through any deficiency other than FAS. A biochemical model for circadian rhythmicity in Neurospora is presented. Oscillations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca 2+ are proposed; clock mutations are postulated to affect Ca 2+ transporters and the mitochondrial membrane; and phase-shifting effects are accounted for by changes in Ca 2+ or ATP levels

  4. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor RIC8 regulates conidial germination through Gα proteins in Neurospora crassa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla J Eaton

    Full Text Available Heterotrimeric G protein signaling is essential for normal hyphal growth in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. We have previously demonstrated that the non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor RIC8 acts upstream of the Gα proteins GNA-1 and GNA-3 to regulate hyphal extension. Here we demonstrate that regulation of hyphal extension results at least in part, from an important role in control of asexual spore (conidia germination. Loss of GNA-3 leads to a drastic reduction in conidial germination, which is exacerbated in the absence of GNA-1. Mutation of RIC8 leads to a reduction in germination similar to that in the Δgna-1, Δgna-3 double mutant, suggesting that RIC8 regulates conidial germination through both GNA-1 and GNA-3. Support for a more significant role for GNA-3 is indicated by the observation that expression of a GTPase-deficient, constitutively active gna-3 allele in the Δric8 mutant leads to a significant increase in conidial germination. Localization of the three Gα proteins during conidial germination was probed through analysis of cells expressing fluorescently tagged proteins. Functional TagRFP fusions of each of the three Gα subunits were constructed through insertion of TagRFP in a conserved loop region of the Gα subunits. The results demonstrated that GNA-1 localizes to the plasma membrane and vacuoles, and also to septa throughout conidial germination. GNA-2 and GNA-3 localize to both the plasma membrane and vacuoles during early germination, but are then found in intracellular vacuoles later during hyphal outgrowth.

  5. Construction of a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 and Metabolic Design for Cyanobacterial Bioproduction.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katsunori Yoshikawa

    Full Text Available Arthrospira (Spirulina platensis is a promising feedstock and host strain for bioproduction because of its high accumulation of glycogen and superior characteristics for industrial production. Metabolic simulation using a genome-scale metabolic model and flux balance analysis is a powerful method that can be used to design metabolic engineering strategies for the improvement of target molecule production. In this study, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model of A. platensis NIES-39 including 746 metabolic reactions and 673 metabolites, and developed novel strategies to improve the production of valuable metabolites, such as glycogen and ethanol. The simulation results obtained using the metabolic model showed high consistency with experimental results for growth rates under several trophic conditions and growth capabilities on various organic substrates. The metabolic model was further applied to design a metabolic network to improve the autotrophic production of glycogen and ethanol. Decreased flux of reactions related to the TCA cycle and phosphoenolpyruvate reaction were found to improve glycogen production. Furthermore, in silico knockout simulation indicated that deletion of genes related to the respiratory chain, such as NAD(PH dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c oxidase, could enhance ethanol production by using ammonium as a nitrogen source.

  6. An F-actin-depleted zone is present at the hyphal tip of invasive hyphae of Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suei, S; Garrill, A

    2008-01-01

    The distribution of filamentous actin (F-actin) in invasive and noninvasive hyphae of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa was investigated. Eighty six percent of noninvasive hyphae had F-actin in the tip region compared to only 9% of invasive hyphae. The remaining 91% of the invasive hyphae had no obvious tip high concentration of F-actin staining; instead they had an F-actin-depleted zone in this region, although some F-actin, possibly associated with the Spitzenkörper, remained at the tip. The size of the F-actin-depleted zone in invasive hyphae increased with an increase in agar concentration. The membrane stain FM 4-64 reveals a slightly larger accumulation of vesicles at the tips of invasive hyphae relative to noninvasive hyphae, although this difference is unlikely to be sufficient to account for the exclusion of F-actin from the depleted zone. Antibodies raised against the actin filament-severing protein cofilin from both yeast and human cells localize to the tips of invasive hyphae. The human cofilin antibody shows a more random distribution in noninvasive hyphae locating primarily at the hyphal periphery but with some diffuse cytoplasmic staining. This antibody also identifies a single band at 21 kDa in immunoblots of whole hyphal fractions. These data suggest that a protein with epitopic similarity to cofilin may function in F-actin dynamics that underlie invasive growth. The F-actin-depleted zone may play a role in the regulation of tip yielding to turgor pressure, thus increasing the protrusive force necessary for invasive growth.

  7. Reorganization of plasma membrane lipid domains during conidial germination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santos, Filipa C; Fernandes, Andreia S; Antunes, Catarina A C; Moreira, Filipe P; Videira, Arnaldo; Marinho, H Susana; de Almeida, Rodrigo F M

    2017-02-01

    Neurospora crassa, a filamentous fungus, in the unicellular conidial stage has ideal features to study sphingolipid (SL)-enriched domains, which are implicated in fundamental cellular processes ranging from antifungal resistance to apoptosis. Several changes in lipid metabolism and in the membrane composition of N. crassa occur during spore germination. However, the biophysical impact of those changes is unknown. Thus, a biophysical study of N. crassa plasma membrane, particularly SL-enriched domains, and their dynamics along conidial germination is prompted. Two N. crassa strains, wild-type (WT) and slime, which is devoid of cell wall, were studied. Conidial growth of N. crassa WT from a dormancy state to an exponential phase was accompanied by membrane reorganization, namely an increase of membrane fluidity, occurring faster in a supplemented medium than in Vogel's minimal medium. Gel-like domains, likely enriched in SLs, were found in both N. crassa strains, but were particularly compact, rigid and abundant in the case of slime cells, even more than in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In N. crassa, our results suggest that the melting of SL-enriched domains occurs near growth temperature (30°C) for WT, but at higher temperatures for slime. Regarding biophysical properties strongly affected by ergosterol, the plasma membrane of slime conidia lays in between those of N. crassa WT and S. cerevisiae cells. The differences in biophysical properties found in this work, and the relationships established between membrane lipid composition and dynamics, give new insights about the plasma membrane organization and structure of N. crassa strains during conidial growth. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. The upper reaches of the largest river in Southern China as an “evolutionary front” of tropical plants: Evidences from Asia-endemic genus Hiptage (Malpighiaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ren, M. X.

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The biodiversity hotspot at the Guizhou–Yunnan–Guangxi borders is a distribution centre of tropical plants in China. It spans the whole upper reaches of Zhujiang River, the largest river in Southern China. In this paper, I aimed to explore the roles of the river in the spread and diversification of tropical plants in this area, using the Asia-endemic genus Hiptage Gaertn. (Malpighiaceae as an example. Two diversity and endemism centres of Hiptage are recognized: Indo-China Peninsula and upper reaches of Zhujiang River (UZJ. The area-adjusted endemism index further indicates UZJ as the most important distribution region of endemic species since UZJ has a very small area (~210,000 km2 but six out of the total seven species are narrow endemics. UZJ is located at the northern edge of distribution ranges of Hiptage, which resulted mainly from the north-west–south-east river systems of UZJ promoting northward spreads of this tropical genus. The highly-fragmented limestone landscapes in this region may promote habitat isolation and tends to be the main driving factor for origins of these endemic species. Hiptage is also distinctive for its highly-specialized pollination system, mirror-image flowers, which probably facilitates species diversification via floral and pollination isolation. Other studies also found UZJ as a major diversification centre of the tropical plant families Gesneriaceae and Begoniaceae. Thereafter, it is concluded that UZJ is an “evolutionary front” of tropical plants in China, which contributes significantly to the origin and maintenance of the unique biodiversity in the area.El hotspot de biodiversidad en las fronteras de las provincias Guizhou-Yunnan- Guangxi es un centro de distribución de plantas tropicales en China. Se extiende por toda la cuenca alta del río Zhujiang, el mayor río del sur de China. En este artículo, se explora el papel del río en la propagación y la diversificación de las plantas tropicales

  9. Structural studies of the vacuolar membrane ATPase from Neurospora crassa and comparison with the tonoplast membrane ATPase and Zea mays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bowman, E.J.; Mandala, S.; Taiz, L.; Bowman, B.J.

    1986-01-01

    The H + translocating ATPase located on vacuolar membranes of Neurospora crassa was partially purified by solubilization in two detergents, Triton X-100 and N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate, followed by centrifugation on sucrose density gradients. Two polypeptides of M/sub r/ ≅ 70,000 and ≅ 62,000 consistently migrated with activity, along with several minor bands of lower molecular weight. Radioactively labeled inhibitors of ATPase activity, N-[ 14 C]ethylmaleimide and 7-chloro-4-nitro[ 14 C]benzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, labeled the M/sub r/ ≅ 70,000 polypeptide; this labeling was reduced in the presence of ATP. N,N'-[ 14 C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide labeled a polypeptide of M/sub r/ ≅ 15,000. Estimation of the functional size of the vacuolar membrane ATPase by radiation inactivation gave a value of M/sub r/ 5.2 x 10 5 , 10-15% larger than the mitochondrial ATPase. The Neurospora vacuolar ATPase showed no crossreactivity with antiserum to plasma membrane or mitochrondrial ATPase but stongly crossreacted with antiserum against a polypeptide of M/sub r/ ≅ 70,000 associated with the tonoplast ATPase of corn coleoptiles. These results suggest that fungal and plant vacuolar ATPases may be large multisubunit complexes, somewhat similar to, but immunologically distinct from, known F 0 F 1 ATPases

  10. Elaiophores: their taxonomic distribution, morphology and functions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clivia Carolina Fiorilo Possobom

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Elaiophores are floral glands that secrete non-volatile oils as a reward for their pollinators. Their secretions mediate a specialized interaction between oil-producing plants and a few species of oil-collecting bees - Apidae and Melittidae. The present review focuses on the morphological and functional aspects of these secretory structures. We also provide information on their chemistry and pollination ecology. Our survey is organized taxonomically among the plant families for which elaiophore occurrence has been confirmed -for the monocots, Iridaceae and Orchidaceae, and for the eudicots, Calceolariaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Krameriaceae, Malpighiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Primulaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae and Stilbaceae. Most oil flowers are zygomorphic, bisexual, nectarless and present their elaiophores on the protective whorls or on the androecium. Trichomal elaiophores are reported in all of these families except Krameriaceae and Malpighiaceae, and they vary in the density and morphology of the trichomes. Epithelial elaiophores occur in some monocot representatives and in Krameriaceae and Malpighiaceae, and are similar among species. An intermediate type of elaiophore is reported in some species of Orchidaceae. Regardless of elaiophore type, these glands have similar subcellular features and secretion-release mechanisms. Finally, we note the dearth of information on elaiophore ultrastructure and functioning for several plant families.

  11. Transcriptomic profiling-based mutant screen reveals three new transcription factors mediating menadione resistance in Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Jufen; Yu, Xinxu; Xie, Baogui; Gu, Xiaokui; Zhang, Zhenying; Li, Shaojie

    2013-06-01

    To gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms of oxidative stress responses in filamentous fungi, the genome-wide transcriptional response of Neurospora crassa to menadione was analysed by digital gene expression (DGE) profiling, which identified 779 upregulated genes and 576 downregulated genes. Knockout mutants affecting 130 highly-upregulated genes were tested for menadione sensitivity, which revealed that loss of the transcription factor siderophore regulation (SRE) (a transcriptional repressor for siderophore biosynthesis), catatase-3, cytochrome c peroxidase or superoxide dismutase 1 copper chaperone causes hypersensitivity to menadione. Deletion of sre dramatically increased transcription of the siderophore biosynthesis gene ono and the siderophore iron transporter gene sit during menadione stress, suggesting that SRE is required for repression of iron uptake under oxidative stress conditions. Contrary to its phenotype, the sre deletion mutant showed higher transcriptional levels of genes encoding reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers than wild type during menadione stress, which implies that the mutant suffers a higher level of oxidative stress than wild type. Uncontrolled iron uptake in the sre mutant might exacerbate cellular oxidative stress. This is the first report of a negative regulator of iron assimilation participating in the fungal oxidative stress response. In addition to SRE, eight other transcription factor genes were also menadione-responsive but their single gene knockout mutants showed wild-type menadione sensitivity. Two of them, named as mit-2 (menadione induced transcription factor-2) and mit-4 (menadione induced transcription factor-4), were selected for double mutant analysis. The double mutant was hypersensitive to menadione. Similarly, the double mutation of mit-2 and sre also had additive effects on menadione sensitivity, suggesting multiple transcription factors mediate oxidative stress resistance in an additive manner

  12. Cryogénie hélium et efficacité énergétique: L'expérience du LHC au CERN

    CERN Document Server

    Claudet, S; Tavian, L

    2012-01-01

    Résumé La supraconductivité et la cryogénie hélium associée sont devenues des technologies clés des grands équipements de recherche en physique, et en particulier des accélérateurs de particules. Le coût thermodynamique du fonctionnement à basse température impose à leurs systèmes cryogéniques une haute efficacité énergétique dans la gestion des charges thermiques, la distribution des fluides et la production de froid, obtenue par une approche intégrée couvrant toutes les phases du projet, de la conception préliminaire jusqu'à l'exploitation. L'expérience du LHC au CERN vient illustrer le propos, tandis que quelques pistes de développements futurs sont évoquées. Abstract Superconductivity and associated helium cryogenics have become key technologies for large research infrastructures in physics, and particularly particle accelerators. The thermodynamic penalty for operating at low temperature requires their cryogenic systems to be highly energy efficient in managing heat loads, dis...

  13. Size of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase from Neurospora crassa determined by radiation inactivation and comparison with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase from skeletal muscle

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bowman, B.J.; Berenski, C.J.; Jung, C.Y.

    1985-01-01

    Using radiation inactivation, the authors have measured the size of the H + -ATPase in Neurospora crassa plasma membranes. Membranes were exposed to either high energy electrons from a Van de Graaff generator or to gamma irradiation from 60 Co. Both forms of radiation caused an exponential loss of ATPase activity in parallel with the physical destruction of the Mr = 104,000 polypeptide of which this enzyme is composed. By applying target theory, the size of the H + -ATPase in situ was found to be approximately 2.3 X 10(5) daltons. They also used radiation inactivation to measure the size of the Ca 2+ -ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum and got a value of approximately 2.4 X 10(5) daltons, in agreement with previous reports. By irradiating a mixture of Neurospora plasma membranes and rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum, they directly compared the sizes of these two ATPases and found them to be essentially the same. The authors conclude that both H + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase are oligomeric enzymes, most likely composed of two approximately 100,000-dalton polypeptides

  14. Dual chromatin recognition by the histone deacetylase complex HCHC is required for proper DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa

    Science.gov (United States)

    Honda, Shinji; Bicocca, Vincent T.; Gessaman, Jordan D.; Rountree, Michael R.; Yokoyama, Ayumi; Yu, Eun Y.; Selker, Jeanne M. L.; Selker, Eric U.

    2016-01-01

    DNA methylation, heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation, histone deacetylation, and highly repeated sequences are prototypical heterochromatic features, but their interrelationships are not fully understood. Prior work showed that H3K9 methylation directs DNA methylation and histone deacetylation via HP1 in Neurospora crassa and that the histone deacetylase complex HCHC is required for proper DNA methylation. The complex consists of the chromodomain proteins HP1 and chromodomain protein 2 (CDP-2), the histone deacetylase HDA-1, and the AT-hook motif protein CDP-2/HDA-1–associated protein (CHAP). We show that the complex is required for proper chromosome segregation, dissect its function, and characterize interactions among its components. Our analyses revealed the existence of an HP1-based DNA methylation pathway independent of its chromodomain. The pathway partially depends on CHAP but not on the CDP-2 chromodomain. CDP-2 serves as a bridge between the recognition of H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) by HP1 and the histone deacetylase activity of HDA-1. CHAP is also critical for HDA-1 localization to heterochromatin. Specifically, the CHAP zinc finger interacts directly with the HDA-1 argonaute-binding protein 2 (Arb2) domain, and the CHAP AT-hook motifs recognize heterochromatic regions by binding to AT-rich DNA. Our data shed light on the interrelationships among the prototypical heterochromatic features and support a model in which dual recognition by the HP1 chromodomain and the CHAP AT-hooks are required for proper heterochromatin formation. PMID:27681634

  15. Inactivation of normal and mutant Neurospora crassa conidia by visible light and near-UV: role of 1O2, carotenoid composition and sensitizer location

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thomas, S.A.; Sargent, M.L.; Tuveson, R.W.

    1981-01-01

    Inactivation of Neurospora crassa conidia from wild-type and mutant strains by visible and near-ultraviolet light was investigated in the presence and absence of photosensitizing dyes. Inactivation by near-UV was virtually unchanged by the presence of deuterium oxide or azide suggesting that, contrary to the situation with visible light and photosensitizing dyes, 1 O 2 is not involved in any substantial way in the formation of lethal lesions. Carotenoid deficient strains were similar to wild-type strains in sensitivity to near-UV inactivation which is consistent with 1 O 2 not being involved. Photodynamic inactivation of conidia by visible light occurred in the presence of methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TB), or acridine orange (AO). Carotenoid deficient strains were more sensitive to such inactivation only when MB and TB were used. This suggests that MB and TB mediated damage involves the cell membrane where carotenoids are available for quenching, whereas AO mediated damage occurs in the nucleus sequestered from the protective influence of carotenoids. A newly isolated, lemon-yellow mutant exhibited sensitivities to photodynamic inactivation similar to other pure-white mutants. The sensitivity of this pigmented mutant is apparently related to insufficient unsaturation of the two coloured carotenoids produced by the mutant. (author)

  16. Discovery of non-volcanic tremor and contribution to earth science by NIED Hi-net

    Science.gov (United States)

    Obara, K.

    2015-12-01

    Progress of seismic observation network brings breakthroughs in the earth science at each era. High sensitivity seismograph network (Hi-net) was constructed by National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) as a national project in order to improve the detection capability of microearthquake after disastrous 1995 Kobe earthquake. Hi-net has been contributing to not only monitoring of seismicity but also producing many research results like as discoveries of non-volcanic tremor and other slow earthquakes. More important thing is that we have continued to make efforts to monitor all of data visually and effectively. The discovery of tremor in southwest Japan stimulated PGC researchers to search similar seismic signature in Cascadia because of a couple of common features in the tremor in Japan and slow slip event (SSE) they already discovered in Cascadia. At last, episodic tremor and slip (ETS) was discovered, then the SSE associated with tremor was also detected in Japan by using the tilting data measured by high-sensitivity accelerometer attached with the Hi-net. This coupling phenomena strengthened the connection between seismology and geodesy. Widely separated spectrum of tremor and SSE motivated us to search intervened phenomena, then we found very low frequency earthquake during ETS episode. These slow earthquakes obey a scaling law different from ordinary earthquake. This difference is very important to resolve the earthquake physics. Hi-net is quite useful for not only three-dimensional imaging of underground structure beneath the Japan Islands, but also resolving deep Earth interior by using teleseismic events or ambient noises and source rupture process of large earthquakes by using back-projection analysis as a remote array. Hi-net will continue to supply unexpected new discoveries. I expect that multiple installation of similar dense seismic array in the world will give us great opportunity to discover more important and

  17. The NDR kinase scaffold HYM1/MO25 is essential for MAK2 map kinase signaling in Neurospora crassa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne Dettmann

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Cell communication is essential for eukaryotic development, but our knowledge of molecules and mechanisms required for intercellular communication is fragmentary. In particular, the connection between signal sensing and regulation of cell polarity is poorly understood. In the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora crassa, germinating spores mutually attract each other and subsequently fuse. During these tropic interactions, the two communicating cells rapidly alternate between two different physiological states, probably associated with signal delivery and response. The MAK2 MAP kinase cascade mediates cell-cell signaling. Here, we show that the conserved scaffolding protein HYM1/MO25 controls the cell shape-regulating NDR kinase module as well as the signal-receiving MAP kinase cascade. HYM1 functions as an integral part of the COT1 NDR kinase complex to regulate the interaction with its upstream kinase POD6 and thereby COT1 activity. In addition, HYM1 interacts with NRC1, MEK2, and MAK2, the three kinases of the MAK2 MAP kinase cascade, and co-localizes with MAK2 at the apex of growing cells. During cell fusion, the three kinases of the MAP kinase module as well as HYM1 are recruited to the point of cell-cell contact. hym-1 mutants phenocopy all defects observed for MAK2 pathway mutants by abolishing MAK2 activity. An NRC1-MEK2 fusion protein reconstitutes MAK2 signaling in hym-1, while constitutive activation of NRC1 and MEK2 does not. These data identify HYM1 as a novel regulator of the NRC1-MEK2-MAK2 pathway, which may coordinate NDR and MAP kinase signaling during cell polarity and intercellular communication.

  18. nuvA, an Aspergillus nidulans gene involved in DNA repair and recombination, is a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD18 and Neurospora crassa uvs-2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iwanejko, L; Cotton, C; Jones, G; Tomsett, B; Strike, P

    1996-03-01

    A 40 kb genomic clone and 2.3 kb EcoRI subclone that rescued the DNA repair and recombination defects of the Aspergillus nidulans nuvA11 mutant were isolated and the subclone sequenced. The subclone hybridized to a cosmid in a chromosome-specific library confirming the assignment of nuvA to linkage group IV and indicating its closeness to bimD. Amplification by PCR clarified the relative positions of nuvA and bimD. A region identified within the subclone, encoding a C3HC4 zinc finger motif, was used as a probe to retrieve a cDNA clone. Sequencing of this clone showed that the nuvA gene has an ORF of 1329 bp with two introns of 51 bp and 60 bp. Expression of nuvA appears to be extremely low. The putative NUVA polypeptide has two zinc finger motifs, a molecular mass of 48906 Da and has 39% identity with the Neurospora crassa uvs-2 and 25% identity with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD18 translation products. Although mutations in nuvA, uvs-2 and RAD18 produce similar phenotypes, only the nuvA11 mutation affects meiotic recombination. A role for nuvA in both DNA repair and genetic recombination is proposed.

  19. Biomonitors and the assessment of ecological impacts: Distribution of herbivorous epifauna in contaminated macroalgal beds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roberts, David A.; Johnston, Emma L.; Poore, Alistair G.B.

    2008-01-01

    We determined metal contents of co-occurring algae Padina crassa and Sargassum sp. in Port Jackson (Australia), and relationships between metal levels and the abundance of epifaunal amphipods. Copper, lead and zinc concentrations were amongst the highest yet recorded in these algae. Copper, manganese and lead concentrations were far greater in P. crassa than Sargassum sp., possibly due to the low growth of P. crassa in proximity to contaminated sediments. However, in manipulative experiments the proximity of algae to sediments did not explain these differences. The abundance of herbivorous amphipods correlated negatively with the copper content of P. crassa, but not with the lower concentrations in Sargassum sp. The greater contamination of P. crassa led to patchy distributions of metals in algal beds and recolonisation experiments showed Sargassum sp. acts as a refuge from contaminants for epifauna. The contamination of macroalgae may pose threats to epifauna in harbours around the world. - The accumulation of metals by macroalgae may pose ecological threats to herbivorous epifauna in ports and harbours worldwide

  20. First record of Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914 (Monophlebidae in Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908 (Pseudococcidae in the state of Maranhão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. S. J. C. Ramos

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae, Cocos nucifera (L. (Arecaceae, Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae, Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae, Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae, Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae, all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae, both new records for this species.

  1. Treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae in southeastern Brazil: use of host plants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benedito C. Lopes

    1995-09-01

    Full Text Available A survey on the use of host plants by treehoppers in plants in cerrado (savanna vegetation at Moji-Guaçu (São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil was made. Fifty-two species of treehoppers were recorded in association with 40 host plant species from October 1980 to February 1982. The families Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Malpighiaceae, Myrtaceae and Nyctaginaceae were the most commonly used for oviposition. Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae had the highest number of associated treehopper species (10 species. The abundance of treehopper individuals was related to the hot and rainy season (from October to February, while during the cold and dry season (from March to September there was a decrease in the number of these Homoptera. After the occurrence of a frost, few adults and nymphs were observed on the host plants for one to two months.

  2. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Urso-Guimarães, M V; Scareli-Santos, C

    2006-02-01

    Thirty-six morphologically different types of galls were obtained in leaves, leaflets, veins, petioles, stems, tendrils and flower buds from twenty-five species of plants in the Pé-de-Gigante Reserve, municipality of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The host plant species belong to the closely related families Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Caryocaraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Ochnaceae, Polygalaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, and Smilacaceae. The most common gall makers included Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) and Diaspididae (Sternorrhyncha-Hemiptera). This is the first report of galls found in the following plant genera: Gochnatia (Asteraceae), Distictela (Bignoniaceae), Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae), Ouratea (Ochnaceae), and Bredemeyera (Polygalaceae). The results of this work contribute to the body of knowledge about the relationship among host plants, gall makers, and the gall morphology of Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve.

  3. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. V. Urso-Guimarães

    Full Text Available Thirty-six morphologically different types of galls were obtained in leaves, leaflets, veins, petioles, stems, tendrils and flower buds from twenty-five species of plants in the Pé-de-Gigante Reserve, municipality of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The host plant species belong to the closely related families Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Caryocaraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Ochnaceae, Polygalaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, and Smilacaceae. The most common gall makers included Cecidomyiidae (Diptera, Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera and Diaspididae (Sternorrhyncha-Hemiptera. This is the first report of galls found in the following plant genera: Gochnatia (Asteraceae, Distictela (Bignoniaceae, Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae, Ouratea (Ochnaceae, and Bredemeyera (Polygalaceae. The results of this work contribute to the body of knowledge about the relationship among host plants, gall makers, and the gall morphology of Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve.

  4. Experimental poisoning by Niedenzuella stannea in cattle and corresponding detection of monofluoroacetate (Intoxicação experimental por Niedenzuella stannea em bovinos e correspondente detecção de monofluoroacetato)

    Science.gov (United States)

    In Brazil monofluoroacetate containing plants are represented by 11 species that belong to three principle genera: Palicourea (Rubiaceae), Amorimia (Malpighiaceae), and Tanaecium (Bignoniaceae). These plants can cause acute cardiac failure often referred to as sudden death syndrome. The objective of...

  5. Ekwivalentverhoudings in tweetalige woordeboeke: implikasies vir ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    twee maal homonimies en ook twee maal polisemies is nie — dit word ook nie van die gebruiker verwag nie. Die betekeniswaardes vir "lig" word dus nie soos in algemene tweetalige woordeboeke van getalle in boskrif voorsien om homo- nieme te onderskei nie, en ook nie van Romeinse syfers om polisemiese beteke-.

  6. Phenotypic analysis of newly isolated short-lifespan Neurospora crassa mutant deficient in a high mobility group box protein.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoshihara, Ryouhei; Li, ZhengHao; Ishimori, Keisuke; Kuwabara, Kazuki; Hatakeyama, Shin; Tanaka, Shuuitsu

    2017-08-01

    To elucidate genetic mechanisms affecting the lifespan of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, we attempted to identify a gene of which a defect causes a short-lifespan. By screening a Neurospora knockout library, provided by the Fungal Genetics Stock Center at Kansas State University, several KO strains with a short-lifespan were isolated. FGSC#11693 is one of these, which shows similar phenotypes to known Neurospora short-lifespan mutants as follows: 1) hyphal growth ceases after about 2weeks of cultivation, despite that of the wild-type continuing for over 2years, 2) viability of conidia is lower than that of the wild-type, and 3) high sensitivity to mutagens such as methyl methanesulfonate, ultraviolet radiation, and hydroxyl urea is exhibited. The NCU number of the knocked-out gene in the KO strain is NCU02695, and recovery from the short-lifespan and mutagen sensitivity was achieved by the introduction of this gene from the wild-type. The putative amino acid sequence of the knocked-out gene contains two high mobility group box domains and a mitochondrial localization signal is found at the N-terminal of this sequence. Upon analyzing the subcellular localization of the gene product fused with GFP, GFP signals were detected in mitochondria. From these observations, the gene and KO strain were named mitochondrial high mobility group box protein 1 (MHG1) and mhg1 KO strain, respectively. The amount of mtDNA relative to the nuclear amount was lower in the mhg1 KO strain than in the wild-type. mtDNA aberration was also observed in the mhg1 KO strain. These results suggest that the MHG1 protein plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial abnormality caused by mtDNA aberration is responsible for the short-lifespan of the mhg1 KO strain. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. VIB1, a link between glucose signaling and carbon catabolite repression, is essential for plant cell wall degradation by Neurospora crassa.

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    Yi Xiong

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Filamentous fungi that thrive on plant biomass are the major producers of hydrolytic enzymes used to decompose lignocellulose for biofuel production. Although induction of cellulases is regulated at the transcriptional level, how filamentous fungi sense and signal carbon-limited conditions to coordinate cell metabolism and regulate cellulolytic enzyme production is not well characterized. By screening a transcription factor deletion set in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa for mutants unable to grow on cellulosic materials, we identified a role for the transcription factor, VIB1, as essential for cellulose utilization. VIB1 does not directly regulate hydrolytic enzyme gene expression or function in cellulosic inducer signaling/processing, but affects the expression level of an essential regulator of hydrolytic enzyme genes, CLR2. Transcriptional profiling of a Δvib-1 mutant suggests that it has an improper expression of genes functioning in metabolism and energy and a deregulation of carbon catabolite repression (CCR. By characterizing new genes, we demonstrate that the transcription factor, COL26, is critical for intracellular glucose sensing/metabolism and plays a role in CCR by negatively regulating cre-1 expression. Deletion of the major player in CCR, cre-1, or a deletion of col-26, did not rescue the growth of Δvib-1 on cellulose. However, the synergistic effect of the Δcre-1; Δcol-26 mutations circumvented the requirement of VIB1 for cellulase gene expression, enzyme secretion and cellulose deconstruction. Our findings support a function of VIB1 in repressing both glucose signaling and CCR under carbon-limited conditions, thus enabling a proper cellular response for plant biomass deconstruction and utilization.

  8. Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia pubiflora in sheep with non-toxic doses of the plant and ruminal content

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amorimia pubiflora (Malpighiaceae), which contains sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA) is the main cause of “sudden death” in cattle in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. This research investigated the induction of resistance to the poisoning in sheep by the continuous administration of non-toxic doses ...

  9. Stick-slip behavior of Indian gabbro as studied using a NIED large-scale biaxial friction apparatus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Togo, Tetsuhiro; Shimamoto, Toshihiko; Yamashita, Futoshi; Fukuyama, Eiichi; Mizoguchi, Kazuo; Urata, Yumi

    2015-04-01

    This paper reports stick-slip behaviors of Indian gabbro as studied using a new large-scale biaxial friction apparatus, built in the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Tsukuba, Japan. The apparatus consists of the existing shaking table as the shear-loading device up to 3,600 kN, the main frame for holding two large rectangular prismatic specimens with a sliding area of 0.75 m2 and for applying normal stresses σ n up to 1.33 MPa, and a reaction force unit holding the stationary specimen to the ground. The shaking table can produce loading rates v up to 1.0 m/s, accelerations up to 9.4 m/s2, and displacements d up to 0.44 m, using four servocontrolled actuators. We report results from eight preliminary experiments conducted with room humidity on the same gabbro specimens at v = 0.1-100 mm/s and σ n = 0.66-1.33 MPa, and with d of about 0.39 m. The peak and steady-state friction coefficients were about 0.8 and 0.6, respectively, consistent with the Byerlee friction. The axial force drop or shear stress drop during an abrupt slip is linearly proportional to the amount of displacement, and the slope of this relationship determines the stiffness of the apparatus as 1.15 × 108 N/m or 153 MPa/m for the specimens we used. This low stiffness makes fault motion very unstable and the overshooting of shear stress to a negative value was recognized in some violent stick-slip events. An abrupt slip occurred in a constant rise time of 16-18 ms despite wide variation of the stress drop, and an average velocity during an abrupt slip is linearly proportional to the stress drop. The use of a large-scale shaking table has a great potential in increasing the slip rate and total displacement in biaxial friction experiments with large specimens.

  10. DIE BEPERKING VAN MULTIOVULASIES IN KARAKOELOOIE NA ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Die geboorte van meer as 2 lammers per ooi is egter ongewens in die Karakoelbedryf aangesien dit aanleiding gee tot kleiner pelse veral wanneer voedingstoestande nie opti- maal is nie. In stoetteling is selfs tweelinge nie gewens nie, aangesien die ware fenotipiese waarde van die lammers nie in tweelinge te voorskyn ...

  11. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Keywords. Spore killer; meiotic drive; Neurospora crassa; RIP. Abstract. A convenient assay to score repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) in Neurospora employs the erg-3 locus as a mutagenesis target. Using this assay we screened 132 wild-isolated Neurospora crassa strains for ability to dominantly suppress RIP.

  12. Ester. Kerneels Breytenbach. Pretoria: Human & Rousseau, 2014 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    met haar lol of op sinistere manier haar geheue besoedel. Niks hoef aan hom verduidelik te word oor die nar in die vi- sier nie, 'n hangery hoef nie geregverdig te word nie, hoogverraad hoef nie aan hom uitgewys te word in die statute van halsmisdade nie — hy beweeg reeds aan, getransformeer, vlerke aan die voete, sy.

  13. De Doop met de Heilige Geest

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    S. C.W. Duvenage.

    1965-03-01

    Full Text Available Ds. Molenaar begin sy boek, waarvan hy self die publikasienie beleef het nie, deur te wys op 'n groot tekort, ’n manko,nie alleen in die Gereformeerde vroomheid of lewe nie maarook in die Gereformeerde teologie. Hy beskou dit as hoogsmerkwaardig dat die Gereformeerde teologie in die verledeso goed as niks raakgesien het van die groot betekenis vandie sogenaamde doop met die Heilige Gees nie. Daarby meenhy dat die Gereformeerde predikante verleë sit met die Pinkterfees.Talle probleme meen hy vir die Gereformeerde teoloograak te sien, veral ten aansien van die moontlikhede van dieGees teenoor die so tasbare „onmoontIikhede” in ons lewe. Dieprobleme is syns insiens nie onoplosbaar nie, as mens maardie moontlikhede van die Gees nie beperk tot die verlede nie.

  14. A comparative study of chromosome morphology among some ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    USER

    2010-02-15

    Feb 15, 2010 ... genetic source of wheat, some cytogenetic analysis reported (Chennaveeraiah, 1960; Badaeva et al., 1998,. 2001) and indicated that all A. crassa chromosomes can be identified by their morphology and C-banding patterns. Cytogenetical studies have been carried out on A. crassa but a comparative study ...

  15. Two additions to the flora of the Palni Hills, southern India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Soosairaj

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Hiptage parvifolia Wight & Arn. (Malpighiaceae and Kalanchoe olivacea Dalz. & Gibs. (Crassulaceae are collected and reported for the first time from the Palni hills of Western Ghats from Tamil Nadu, India. This paper provided a detailed taxonomic description, distribution, illustrations and photographs for their easy identification.

  16. Die invloed van doelwitstelling op prestasie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. G. A. Louw

    1985-11-01

    Ofskoon die meeste navorsing Locke se doelwitstellingsteorie ondersteun, is bepaalde afwykings teengekom wat nie op 'n bevredigende wyse verklaar kan word nie. Die resultate van hierdie studie dui daarop dat 'n toename in doelwitmoeilikheidsgraad nie altyd tot ‘n ooreenstemmende toename in prestasie lei nie. Hierdie resultaat kon ook nie op grond van 'n gebrek aan doelwitaanvaarding verklaar word nie. Daar is voorts gevind dat die wyse waarop 'n nie-spesifieke doelwit gestel word, 'n beduidende invloed op prestasie kan hê. Finansiële aansporings blyk ook 'n onafhanklike invloed op prestasie te hê. Bepaalde aspekte van Locke se teorie word dus deur bogenoemde resultate bevraagteken. Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing word ten slotte gedoen.

  17. PS O kke Jager : Interview met de Tijdgeest, JH Kok, NV, Kampen ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    humor. Hy is nie suinig met die kritiek nie. Wie dit wil ervaar moet “ Een reis langs de Kerken” maar eens lees. Die skrywer sê dat hy „zo nog wel een tijd zou kunnen doorgaan. Maar het is beter dat wij eindigen.” Gelukkig is sy Interview met de Tijdgeest na die hoofstuk nog nie beeïndig nie. Alle fasette van die lewe — nie ...

  18. Antibacterial activity of four Gracilaria species of red seaweeds collected from Mandapam Coast, Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sethu Rameshkumar

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To study the antibacterial activities of diethyl ether, toluene, ethanol and methanol extracts of red seaweeds such as Gracilaria crassa (G. crassa, Gracilaria folifera (G. folifera, Gracilaria debilis (G. debilis and Gracilaria corticata. Methods: The crude extracts were tested against different types of Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains and all the seaweed extracts were tested a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity was made using paper disc diffusion method. Four organic solvents (diethyl ether, toluene, methanol and ethanol were used separately in a Soxhlet apparatus for seven bacterial strains. Antibacterial activity of the known antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin and ampicillin was determined by testing them against different test organisms. Results: The high antibacterial activity was noted in the extracts of G. crassa, G. folifera and G. debilis. However, G. crassa and G. debilis have good antibacterial activity. Pathogens like Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were less susceptible to the methanol and diethyl ether extracts of G. folifera. The comparative study on the antibacterial activity was also made by using 200 μg concentration of solvent extracts (diethyl ether, ethanol, toluene and methanoland different five antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, amoxicillin and ampicillin. The bacterial strains tested were more sensitive to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, and ampicillin when compared to algal extracts. Conclusions: The present study proved that the extracts of G. crassa, G. folifera and G. debilis have high antibacterial activity. Although G. crassa and G. debilis showed good antibacterial activity, many known antibiotics are active against a few organisms individually. Hence, the extracts of seaweeds were active against all test organisms used and the activities were comparable to that of antibiotics and the

  19. Traffic of chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) to the Spitzenkörper and developing septa in hyphae of Neurospora crassa: actin dependence and evidence of distinct microvesicle populations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez-León, Eddy; Verdín, Jorge; Freitag, Michael; Roberson, Robert W; Bartnicki-Garcia, Salomon; Riquelme, Meritxell

    2011-05-01

    We describe the subcellular location of chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), one of seven chitin synthases in Neurospora crassa. Laser scanning confocal microscopy of growing hyphae showed CHS-1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) localized conspicuously in regions of active wall synthesis, namely, the core of the Spitzenkörper (Spk), the apical cell surface, and developing septa. It was also present in numerous fine particles throughout the cytoplasm plus some large vacuoles in distal hyphal regions. Although the same general subcellular distribution was observed previously for CHS-3 and CHS-6, they did not fully colocalize. Dual labeling showed that the three different chitin synthases were contained in different vesicular compartments, suggesting the existence of a different subpopulation of chitosomes for each CHS. CHS-1-GFP persisted in the Spk during hyphal elongation but disappeared from the septum after its development was completed. Wide-field fluorescence microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed subapical clouds of particles, suggestive of chitosomes moving continuously toward the Spk. Benomyl had no effect on CHS-1-GFP localization, indicating that microtubules are not strictly required for CHS trafficking to the hyphal apex. Conversely, actin inhibitors caused severe mislocalization of CHS-1-GFP, indicating that actin plays a major role in the orderly traffic and localization of CHS-1 at the apex.

  20. Is Apartheid ook op ekonomiese grond geregverdig?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. van Deventer

    1956-03-01

    Full Text Available Die mening word vandag dikwels uitgespreek (ook deur Nasionaliste dat apartheid nie op ekonomiese gronde geregverdig kan word nie; of anders gestel, dat apartheid van die blankes te groot offers sal verg; of nog sterker gestel, dat die blankes op ekonomiese gebied nie sonder die naturel sal kan klaarkom nie.

  1. INVLOED VAN MARXlSME EN KOMMUNISME OP DIE ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    grond daarvan dat Marx en Lenin niks geweet het van 'n pre-kapitalistiese gemeenskap nie en dat hulle vertroue in die klassestryd nie verband hou met die situasie in Afrika nie asook dat hulle nie die groei van kapitalisme en die mee- gaande stryd tussen die industriele proletariaat en die kapitalistiese klas meegemaak.

  2. Repliek comments on "a view of evolution by a Christian biologist' 1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. D. Kies

    1986-03-01

    Full Text Available Die Ou en Nuwe Testamente van die Bybel vorm 'n eenheid, en Christene wat uit laasgenoemde lewe, moet die uitsprake van die N T oor die OT aanvaar. Christus se eie woorde was dat man en vrou in die begin geskape is. Dit laat geen ruimte vir 'n lang evolusionére geskiedenis nie. Bowendien het Jesus gesé dat as mens nie glo wat Moses geskryf het nie, jy ook nie Sy woorde kan glo nie (Joh. 5:46,47.

  3. Susan Smith

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Owner

    Soveel lesers soveel lokmiddele soveel re- sponse kan gelys word om toegang tot die lees van poësie te registreer. 'n Resep om ge- trou of in ontrou na te volg, bestaan nie. Ge- lukkig nie. Susan Smith se (debuut)bundel lok my helaas nie deur die voorblad as vertrek- punt te neem nie. Aan visuele prikkelkrag gaan.

  4. Cas Vos

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Owner

    merk. Pyn en dood (ook God se handewerk) is in gedigte in die laaste deel van hierdie afdeling aanwesig. (Die stewige gedig oor “Mozart se spreeu” is kennelik verkeerd geplaas …) Nie een van dié gedigte het werklik bevredigend uit die verf gekom nie, maar almal het on- derdele wat die leser nie sommer sal vergeet nie.

  5. 07 Grebe 03.pmd

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tienie01

    12 Jun 2006 ... nie dwingende rede is om daarvan af wyk nie, is sekerlik nie te veel gevra nie. Myns insiens is die vernaamste rede waarom Visagie die onderhawige roman as minder vlot as Van Heerden se vorige roman ervaar en Hugo die hebbelikheid van mooiskrywery vermoed, direk in verband te bring met 'n sterk ...

  6. D r . C. J. G oslinga , De boeken Samuel opnieuw uit die grondtekst ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    nie tot 'n redelike vertaling kom nie as ons nie van die oorgelewerde. Hebreeuse teksvorm afwyk nie. Deur die vonds van stukke uit Samuel in een van die Dooie See grotte sal die tekskritiek van hierdie boek in die komende jare vermoedelik dikwels ter sprake kom; dit is wel duidelik dat die lesings van die Griekse vertaling ...

  7. south african medical journal suid-afrikaansemediesetydskrif

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    22 Mei 1971 ... Doef! Daf! Die tyd stap aan. Ons wil nie verskonings vind waarom die dokter se modus operandi in veranderde tye gewysig is nie, en wil ook nie te kenne gee dat die dokter willoos sit en toekyk het hoe omstandighede gekerf-kerf het aan sy beeld nie. Ons wil verder gaan-die intelligente dokter pas horn.

  8. Kerkgeskiedenís in ons teologíese opleiding: 1917-1956

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    deel en die versoek om die opleiding na Potchefstroom te skuif is meer as een maal herhaal (NKHA 1916b:110; 1919:79, 134). Dit was nie net die Engelstaligheid van die TUK wat gehinder het nie, maar ook die feit dat die universitêre deel van die opleiding nie kerklik-dogmaties gebonde was nie. Die beswaar teen 'n ...

  9. The dilemma of the academic industrial psychologist

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Orpen

    1977-11-01

    Die bedryfsielkundige aan die universiteit kom dikwels te staan voor 'n konflik tussen sy rol as "akademiese wetenskaplike" en "professionele tegnikus". Dit word beweer dat hierdie probleem van "tweeledige verbondenheid" tot ‘n groot mate opgelos kan word as die bedryfsielkundige (en sy studente: (a dit in gedagte hou dat bedryfsielkunde nie wesentlik 'n onafhanklike dissipline is nie, maar 'n integrale deel van sielkunde-in-diealgemeen vorm, (b nie sy vak as slegs 'n weerspieëling van die professionele praktyk beskou nie, (c agting vir sy vak as 'n wetenskaplike dissipline het en nie net as 'n gerieflike werktuig vir bestuur beskou word nie, en (d die praktyk kan oortuig van die waarde van die vak in 'n verskeidenheid gebiede, wat strek van toetsing tot verbruikersgedrag.

  10. Kultuurimperialisme as 'n hermeneutiese dilemma: Eerste-wereldse ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Wêreldse teoloë én teologiese studente van Derde-Wêreldse teoloë ver- wag om kultureel akkommoderend te wees, terwyl hulle self nie daartoe bereid is nie. Hierdie aangeleentheid dat Euro-gesentreerde Bybelwetenskap nie swartmen-.

  11. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Byrsonima gardneriana (Malpighiaceae); Constituintes quimicos e atividade antioxidante de Byrsonima gardneriana (Malpighiaceae)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rolim, Thaisa Leite; Wanderley, Flavia Talita de Sousa; Cunha, Emidio Vasconcelos Leitao da, E-mail: emidio@ltf.ufpb.br [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias da Saude. Laboratorio de Tecnologia Farmaceutica Prof. Delby Fernandes de Medeiros; Tavares, Josean Fechine [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias da Saude. Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas; Oliveira, Adriana Maria Fernandes de [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Cajazeiras, PB (Brazil). Unidade Academica de Ciencias da Vida; Assis, Temilce Simoes [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias da Saude. Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia

    2013-09-01

    The phytochemical investigation of Byrsonima gardneriana led to the isolation of five triterpenes and one flavonoid: D:B-Friedoolean-5-en-3-one (1), friedoolean-14-en-3-one (2), friedelan-3-one (3), lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (4), 3{beta}-hydroxiolean-12-ene (5) and 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavan (6). Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic analyses, including two-dimensional NMR techniques and comparison with published spectral data. Antioxidant activities of ethanol extract and phases were measured using the 1,2-diphenyl- 2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, evaluation of total phenolic content and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). (author)

  12. Levitikus as agtergrond van Markus 5:25–34, geïnterpreteer in terme ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2 Feb 2011 ... is nie onrein nie, want dit is normaal dat daar mis sal wees daar waar koeie beweeg; dit is dus in plek. Wanneer hierdie ... mis voor in die huis, 'n plek voor waar dit nie hoort nie en dan is dit onrein. Onreinheid verwys ..... die shalom kan ervaar wat haar so lank ontneem was. kai. i;sqi u`gih.j avpo. th/j ma ...

  13. Comparative live-cell imaging analyses of SPA-2, BUD-6 and BNI-1 in Neurospora crassa reveal novel features of the filamentous fungal polarisome.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Lichius

    Full Text Available A key multiprotein complex involved in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and secretory machinery required for polarized growth in fungi, is the polarisome. Recognized core constituents in budding yeast are the proteins Spa2, Pea2, Aip3/Bud6, and the key effector Bni1. Multicellular fungi display a more complex polarized morphogenesis than yeasts, suggesting that the filamentous fungal polarisome might fulfill additional functions. In this study, we compared the subcellular organization and dynamics of the putative polarisome components BUD-6 and BNI-1 with those of the bona fide polarisome marker SPA-2 at various developmental stages of Neurospora crassa. All three proteins exhibited a yeast-like polarisome configuration during polarized germ tube growth, cell fusion, septal pore plugging and tip repolarization. However, the localization patterns of all three proteins showed spatiotemporally distinct characteristics during the establishment of new polar axes, septum formation and cytokinesis, and maintained hyphal tip growth. Most notably, in vegetative hyphal tips BUD-6 accumulated as a subapical cloud excluded from the Spitzenkörper (Spk, whereas BNI-1 and SPA-2 partially colocalized with the Spk and the tip apex. Novel roles during septal plugging and cytokinesis, connected to the reinitiation of tip growth upon physical injury and conidial maturation, were identified for BUD-6 and BNI-1, respectively. Phenotypic analyses of gene deletion mutants revealed additional functions for BUD-6 and BNI-1 in cell fusion regulation, and the maintenance of Spk integrity. Considered together, our findings reveal novel polarisome-independent functions of BUD-6 and BNI-1 in Neurospora, but also suggest that all three proteins cooperate at plugged septal pores, and their complex arrangement within the apical dome of mature hypha might represent a novel aspect of filamentous fungal polarisome architecture.

  14. Chemotropism and Cell Fusion in Neurospora crassa Relies on the Formation of Distinct Protein Complexes by HAM-5 and a Novel Protein HAM-14.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jonkers, Wilfried; Fischer, Monika S; Do, Hung P; Starr, Trevor L; Glass, N Louise

    2016-05-01

    In filamentous fungi, communication is essential for the formation of an interconnected, multinucleate, syncytial network, which is constructed via hyphal fusion or fusion of germinated asexual spores (germlings). Anastomosis in filamentous fungi is comparable to other somatic cell fusion events resulting in syncytia, including myoblast fusion during muscle differentiation, macrophage fusion, and fusion of trophoblasts during placental development. In Neurospora crassa, fusion of genetically identical germlings is a highly dynamic and regulated process that requires components of a MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. The kinase pathway components (NRC-1, MEK-2 and MAK-2) and the scaffold protein HAM-5 are recruited to hyphae and germling tips undergoing chemotropic interactions. The MAK-2/HAM-5 protein complex shows dynamic oscillation to hyphae/germling tips during chemotropic interactions, and which is out-of-phase to the dynamic localization of SOFT, which is a scaffold protein for components of the cell wall integrity MAP kinase pathway. In this study, we functionally characterize HAM-5 by generating ham-5 truncation constructs and show that the N-terminal half of HAM-5 was essential for function. This region is required for MAK-2 and MEK-2 interaction and for correct cellular localization of HAM-5 to "fusion puncta." The localization of HAM-5 to puncta was not perturbed in 21 different fusion mutants, nor did these puncta colocalize with components of the secretory pathway. We also identified HAM-14 as a novel member of the HAM-5/MAK-2 pathway by mining MAK-2 phosphoproteomics data. HAM-14 was essential for germling fusion, but not for hyphal fusion. Colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation data indicate that HAM-14 interacts with MAK-2 and MEK-2 and may be involved in recruiting MAK-2 (and MEK-2) to complexes containing HAM-5. Copyright © 2016 by the Genetics Society of America.

  15. en daar ook drie vertaalde gedigte van Giorgos Seferis opgeneem is ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    waaraan Kavafis sy roem veral te danke het) nie, maar ook uit werk met 'n meer. histories beskoulike strekking (die tweede groot tema by Kavafis), asook gedigte wat nie tot die heel bekendstes van Kavafis behoort nie.

  16. Uma nova espécie de Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophoridae do Nordeste do Brasil A new species of Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophoridae from Northeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesus Santiago Moure

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available A new species of Centris Fabricius, 1804 is described as C. xanthomelaena (body size 15 mm, forewing length 10.33 mm, head width 5.25 mm, second abdominal tergum width 5.75 mm. The specimens were captured when visiting the yellow flowers of Chamaecrista amiciela (I. & B. I. & B., Caesalpiniaceae and of Stimaphyllom auriculatum (Cav. Adr. Juss, Malpighiaceae.

  17. Pollen types used by Centris (Hemisiella tarsata Smith (1874 (Hymenoptera, Apidae in the provisioning of brood cells in an area of Caatinga

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Araújo da Cruz

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to identify, by sediment pollen analysis, the plant species used as floral resources for the provisioning of brood cells in Centris (Hemisiella tarsata, in an area of Caatinga, within the municipality of Nova Soure, Bahia State, Brazil. The analysis of pollen contents from three brood cells revealed 11 pollen types, corresponding to four botanical families. Malpighiaceae was represented most, followed by Leguminosae, Ochnaceae, and Solanaceae, the latter two represented by just a single pollen type each. On the basis of the percentages in the samples, it was possible to infer that C. tarsata visited distinct plants, but intensified its pollen collection in species related to Aeschynomene martii and Solanum paniculatumpollen types, which are considered the most important pollen sources in the larval diet of this bee. In addition to the pollen sources, we have also recorded seven pollen types regarded as oil ones, all related to the Malpighiaceae family. The information about the resources for C. tarsata can be of great relevance, in view of the importance of these bees in the pollination of native flora.

  18. Preekwenke

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. H. van Wyk

    1985-06-01

    Full Text Available Elke predikant het sy eie wyse van preekmaak. Tog beteken dit nie dat ons nie van mekaar kan leer nie.Onderstaande preekwenke is met die loop van jare ontwikkel en beproef en ek gee dit deur vir wat dit mag werd wees.

  19. The pmr gene, encoding a Ca2+-ATPase, is required for calcium and manganese homeostasis and normal development of hyphae and conidia in Neurospora crassa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bowman, Barry J; Abreu, Stephen; Johl, Jessica K; Bowman, Emma Jean

    2012-11-01

    The pmr gene is predicted to encode a Ca(2+)-ATPase in the secretory pathway. We examined two strains of Neurospora crassa that lacked PMR: the Δpmr strain, in which pmr was completely deleted, and pmr(RIP), in which the gene was extensively mutated. Both strains had identical, complex phenotypes. Compared to the wild type, these strains required high concentrations of calcium or manganese for optimal growth and had highly branched, slow-growing hyphae. They conidiated poorly, and the shape and size of the conidia were abnormal. Calcium accumulated in the Δpmr strains to only 20% of the wild-type level. High concentrations of MnCl(2) (1 to 5 mM) in growth medium partially suppressed the morphological defects but did not alter the defect in calcium accumulation. The Δpmr Δnca-2 double mutant (nca-2 encodes a Ca(2+)-ATPase in the plasma membrane) accumulated 8-fold more calcium than the wild type, and the morphology of the hyphae was more similar to that of wild-type hyphae. Previous experiments failed to show a function for nca-1, which encodes a SERCA-type Ca(2+)-ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum (B. J. Bowman, S. Abreu, E. Margolles-Clark, M. Draskovic, and E. J. Bowman, Eukaryot. Cell 10:654-661, 2011). The pmr(RIP) Δnca-1 double mutant accumulated small amounts of calcium, like the Δpmr strain, but exhibited even more extreme morphological defects. Thus, PMR can apparently replace NCA-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, but NCA-1 cannot replace PMR. The morphological defects in the Δpmr strain are likely caused, in part, by insufficient concentrations of calcium and manganese in the Golgi compartment; however, PMR is also needed to accumulate normal levels of calcium in the whole cell.

  20. Intoxicação experimental por Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae em ovinos Experimental poisoning by Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae in sheep

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Riet-Correa

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Em uma propriedade no município de Roseira Velha, São Paulo, com histórico de doença cardíaca, abortos e sinais nervosos em bovinos, associados à ingestão de Tetrapterys multiglandulosa, foi observada fibrose cardíaca em um bezerro de uma semana de idade que apresentava apatia, fraqueza e insuficiência respiratória. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram determinar se a espécie ovina é sensível à intoxicação por T. multiglandulosa, descrever as alterações clínicas e patológicas da intoxicação e avaliar a utilização dessa espécie como modelo experimental para a intoxicação. Para determinar a toxicidade de T. multiglandulosa a ser utilizada em ovinos, foi realizado um experimento prévio em um bovino, sendo administrado 22g por kg de peso vivo (g/kg/pv da planta verde durante 9 dias. Após 9 dias de ingestão o animal apresentou sinais nervosos e no 12º dia foi eutanasiado. Na necropsia não foram observadas lesões. No estudo histológico observou-se vacuolização (status spongiosus, espongiose da camada profunda da substância cinzenta do córtex cerebral e da substância branca subcortical. Para a reprodução da enfermidade em ovinos foram utilizados 6 ovinos, machos, divididos em 3 grupos de 2 animais cada. Os Ovinos 1 e 2 do Grupo 1 receberam doses diárias de 6 g/kg/pv da planta seca por um período de 30 dias; os Ovinos 3 e 4 do Grupo 2 receberam doses diárias de 3 g/kg/pv por um período de 60 dias; e os Ovinos 5 e 6 do Grupo 3 serviram como controle. O Ovino 1 foi sacrificado aos 30 dias de administração da planta. Apresentou somente arritmia cardíaca e não foram observadas lesões significativas na necropsia. Os Ovinos 2, 3 e 4 apresentaram arritmia a partir dos dias 9, 12 e 18 do início do experimento, respectivamente. A partir do 52º dia iniciaram a apresentar depressão, relutância em locomover-se e incoordenação. Esses sinais foram se agravando e os ovinos foram sacrificados, com sinais clínicos acentuados, aos 60, 70 e 80 dias após o início do experimento, respectivamente. Na necropsia apresentaram hidropericárdio, ascite, hidrotórax, fígado em noz moscada e miocárdio endurecido e esbranquiçado, especialmente no septo interventricular e ventrículo esquerdo. Microscopicamente, o coração dos Ovinos 2, 3 e 4 apresentava áreas de fibrose associadas a infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear. Não foram observadas lesões cardíacas no coração do Ovino 1. No cérebro e tronco encefálico de todos os animais que receberam a planta observou-se espongiose, principalmente na camada profunda da córtex e da substância branca subcortical. No cerebelo observou-se espongiose da substância branca e na medula cervical havia espongiose da substância branca e espongiose discreta da substância cinzenta. Essa lesões eram discretas no Ovino 1 e moderadas a acentuadas nos Ovinos 2, 3 e 4. Na microscopia eletrônica da substância branca cerebelar foi observado que o status spongiosus observado na microscopia de luz é causado por edema intramielínico. Os dois ovinos do grupo controle, sacrificados aos 80 dias após o início do experimento, não apresentaram sinais clínicos nem lesões macroscópicas ou histológicas significativas.Cardiac fibrosis was observed in a calf showing dullness, weakening and respiratory insufficiency in a farm in the state of São Paulo, where cardiac insufficiency, abortion and nervous signs in cattle were associated with the ingestion of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa. The objectives of this paper were to determine the susceptibility of sheep to the intoxication by T. multiglandulosa, to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of the intoxication, and to evaluate the possibility of using sheep as an experimental species for toxicological studies with this plant. In a previous experiment to determine the toxicity of T. multiglandulosa to be used in sheep, the green plant was given to a steer at the dose of 22g per kg body weight (g/kg/bw, daily, during 9 days. After 9 days the steer showed nervous signs, and on the 12thday was euthanatized. No gross lesions were observed at necropsy. Status spongiosus was observed on the deeper layers of the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter. Six male sheep were divided in three groups of two sheep each. Group 1 (Sheep 1 and 2 received daily doses of 6 g/kg/bw of the dry plant, during 30 days; Group 2 (Sheep 3 and 4 received daily doses of 3 g/kg/bw, during 60 days; and Group 3 was the control group. Sheep 1 was euthanatized 30 days after the start of the ingestion. Only cardiac arrhythmia was observed clinically, and no lesions were observed at necropsy. Sheep 2, 3 and 4 had also cardiac arrhythmia from day 9, 12 and 18, respectively. From day 52 they started to show depression, reluctance to move and incoordination. Clinical signs got gradually worst and the sheep were euthanatized on days 60, 70 and 80, when clinical signs were marked, and the animals will die at any moment. Hydrothorax, hydropericardium, ascites, nutmeg appearance of the liver and hard whitish myocardium, mainly in the interventricular septum and left ventricle, were observed at necropsy. Histologically, the heart of Sheep 2, 3 and 4 had areas of fibrosis associated with mononuclear cell infiltration. No lesions were found in the heart of Sheep 1. The 4 treated sheep had status spongiosus in different areas of the cerebrum and brain stem, mainly of the deep layers of the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter. Status spongiosus were also observed in the cerebellar white matter and cervical medulla. In the later the vacuolization was moderate in the white matter and mild in the grey matter. Status spongiosus were mild in Sheep 1 and moderate to severe in Sheep 2, 3 and 4. On electron microscopy it was observed that the status spongiosus is due to an intramyelinic edema. No gross or histologic lesions were observed on the two control sheep, which were euthanized on day 80 after the start of the experiment.

  1. Preekteks of preteks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. J. Smuts

    1982-08-01

    Full Text Available Die leser van hierdie artikel sou met reg kon opmerk: "Wat �n preekteks is, weet ek, maar wat is "n preteks?" Hierdie on-Afrikaanse woord vir voorwendsel wil wys op die gevaar dat die teks in die prediking misbruik kan word, sodat dit nie die bron is waaruit die preek groei nie, maar bloot �n voorwendsel wat origens maar min met die inhoud van die preek te doen het. Dit gryp terug op �n opmerking van A. van Veldhuizen dat die teks wat deur die prediker gekies word geen "praetextus" mag wees nie en dat ons nie so mag preek dat die preek van teks sou kon verwissel soos �n trein van lokomotief verwissel nie.

  2. n Vergelykende ondersoek na die werksmotivering van blanke en swart vakmanne in 'n chemiese bedryf

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. L. Barnard

    1991-06-01

    Opsomming Die doel met hierdie ondersoek was om met behulp van Lawler en Porter se verwagtingsmodel, vas te stel in watter mate blanke en swart vakmanne, in 'n chemiese nywerheid, hul werksomgewing as toereikend motiverend van aard beskou. Die resultate dui aan dat daar vir beide groepe nie sprake is van 'n optimaal motiverende werksomgewing nie. Terwyl blanke vakmanne ekstrinsieke faktore meer beklemtoon het, het swart vakmanne beter gebalanseerde voorkeure met betrekking tot ekstrinsieke/intrinsieke faktore getoon. Die motiveringspatrone van die twee groepe het egter nie wesenlik van mekaar verskil nie.

  3. Produktiwiteit en verantwoordelikheid, enkele sielkundige aspekte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. P. Venter

    1978-11-01

    Maslow se motiveringsteorie wat uit die kliniese sielkunde ontspruit het, is ook deur bedryfsielkundiges van nader beskou, veral in hoe verre dit met produktiwiteit verband het. Enkele sielkundige aspekte word bespreek ten einde op die nut van hierdie teorie in die bedryfsituasie te wys. Die vermoede bestaan dat die teorie deur bedryfsielkundiges nie altyd korrek vertolk word soos Maslow dit self uiteensit nie; veral word die verantwoordelikheidsaspek in die selfuitlewingsbehoeftes misken en nie verreken nie; 'n Logiese konklusie is dat selfuitlewing, soos deur Maslow beskryf, wel verband met produktiwiteit het.

  4. 'Alles is politek, maar politiek is nie alles nie': Het Kuitert gelyk?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Willem S. Vorster

    1988-01-01

    Full Text Available 'Everything is politics but politics is not everything': A critical discussion of Harry Kuitert's viewpoint on faith and politics A critical review is given of Kuitert's position on faith and politics developed in one of his recent publications. After a general survey, the idea of the two regiments to which Christians belong, is discussed. Then attention is paid to the source(s from which Christians derive principles for political and social decisions. The implications of Kuitert's views are summarised in a next section. In conclusion the question whether Kuitert is correct is discussed with a view to the South African situation.

  5. Thomas Erastus oor die struktuur van die gemeenskap'^

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    óók aansprake en regte het, is die opvatting dat sowel die burgerlike gemeenskap as die kerk 'n perfecta societas sibi sufficiens is, nié werklik aanvaar nie. Die Middeleeuse gemeenskap was die corpus christianum,. 'n gemeenskap wat nie deur fisiese of politieke grense beperk was nie. Sy grense het gelê waar die grense ...

  6. The Role of Marketing in a National Institute of Education. Preliminary Report of a Planning Conference, April 2-3, 1972. (Final).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kotler, Philip; And Others

    As a discipline, marketing can offer several things of value to the National Institute of Education (NIE), both with respect to its design function and its dissemination. This report identifies those items that marketing can offer NIE and explains how they could be used. The authors maintain that NIE can profit from marketing's (1) emphasis on…

  7. Op pad na 'n omvattende woordeboekkultuur in die digitale era

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    Dit is 'n omvattende oorgang in eie reg; nie net in die leksiko- grafie nie. In die leksikografie het .... daar gewaak word teen data-oorlading, vergelyk Gouws en Tarp (2016). In die ..... Prentewoordeboek vir kinders/Children's picture dictionary (Jones et al. 2014) is nie .... They don't mind paying through the nose for the latest ...

  8. Die begrafnisdíens

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    (De Vaux 1961:108). Was die begrafnis 'n familie of 'n kerklike aangeleentheid? Hierdie vraag word nie in die Bybel beantwoord nie. Abraham het sy vrou begrawe (Gen 23: 19-. 20). Isak en Ismael ..... ver gekom om die begrafnis 'n kerklike aangeleentheid te maak nie. Hierdie stap .... trou aan die sorg van God. * Die kerk ...

  9. Schooling and Leisure Time Uses of Television. A Proposed Research Agenda Submitted to the National Institute of Education.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clark, Richard E.; And Others

    Seven researchers met with three representatives from the National Institute of Education (N.I.E.) in January 1978 to draft a research and demonstration agenda for N.I.E. on the relationship between leisure time uses of television and school performance. Of particular concern to N.I.E. is the role of federal policy and programs in addressing the…

  10. P rof. D r . J. H. K roeze, Paraphrase van het boek Hooglied. Franeker,

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    twyfeld word „het onderwerp van het Hooglied in Oud en Nieuw. Testament gebezigd als beeld van Christus en Zijn gemeente" (bl. 30), ja, die onderwerp van die Hooglied, nl. die liefde tussen man en vrou, maar nie die nadere inhoud van die Hooglied nie en geen enkele van sy tiperende vorme of beelde of toneeltjies nie.

  11. 'n Ondersoek na die eenheid en teologiese boodskap van Jesaja 13 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    patroon inpas nie. Volgens Wildberger is die eenheid van Jesaja 13-23 af te lei uit die inhoud van die uitsprake, aangesien die uitsprake almal teen verskillende vreemde volke gemaak word (Wildberger 1978:479). Die uitsondering is egter Jesa ja 22:1-14 wat nie teen 'n ander volk gemaak word nie, maar teen Jerusalem ...

  12. amp' van die ouderling in die Nuwe Testament

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Jesus self het geen kerk gestig nie en daarom, veral omdat die Jesus-beweging inter mums ten opsigte van die Joodse godsdiens van sy tyd tot stand gekom het, het ...... Die klem val dus nie op die npoTCTT0fievo<; se rang of outoriteit nie, maar op sy pastorale funksie in die huishouding of huisgemeente (kyk Reicke.

  13. Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz. Postać, która mogła połączyć narody byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, a jednak ich nie połączyła

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur

    2017-12-01

    ęstwa Litewskiego, a jednak ich nie połączyła Darzony powszechnym szacunkiem przez sobie współczesnych, posługujący się wszystkimi kresowymi językami, świetny żołnierz – Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz jeszcze jako podkomendny Mikołaja Judenicza, starał się o przemianowanie dowodzonego przez siebie oddziału na „Armię Ludową”, inaczej ujmując, Armię Terytorialną lub Krajową. Terytorialnym rozumieniem „białoruskości”, powiązanym z atawistycznym antybolszewizmem Bałachowicza, posłużył się Józef Piłsudski w swojej nowej kombinacji politycznej. Piłsudski postanowił wykorzystać nadarzające się romantyczne marzenie Sawinkowa o Trzeciej Rosji dla własnego celu. Rosyjski Komitet Polityczny, szable Bałachowicza i oświadczenia Wiaczesława Adamowicza ojca (Mozyrz, listopad 1920 r. miały posłużyć do budowy – Białorusi dla Białorusinów. Nie „kowieńsko-berlińskiej” i nie „sowieckiej”. „Trzeciej Białorusi”. Białorusi przyjaznej Polsce. W wyniku rozmów z Sawinkowem, budowniczym „Trzeciej Rosji”, po 6 marca 1920 r. (tzw. Nota Milleranda Piłsudski zaangażował się we wspieranie (również finansowe Rosyjskiego Komitetu Politycznego. Na podstawie umowy Polskiego Naczelnego Dowództwa z B. W. Sawinkowem wszystkie formacje rosyjskie na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej zostały podporządkowane politycznie B. Sawinkowowi. 27 sierpnia 1920 r. z rozkazu Naczelnego Dowództwa Bałachowicz zawarł z Sawinkowem tajną umowę. Obaj z Sawinkowem dążyć mieli do zwołania w przyszłości Zgromadzenia Ustawodawczego, ziemi dla ludu, demokracji i utworzenia Związku Narodów (federacji. W przypadku posunięcia się oddziału Bułak-Bałachowicza „w głąb terytorium rosyjskiego” miały być przy nim zorganizowane samorząd lokalny i zarząd administracyjny. Właśnie w ten sposób Bułak-Bałachowicz miał być wykonawcą kolejnego „pomysłu” J. Piłsudskiego „na Białoruś”.

  14. The Neurospora rca-1 gene complements an Aspergillus flbD sporulation mutant but has no identifiable role in Neurospora sporulation.

    OpenAIRE

    Shen, W C; Wieser, J; Adams, T H; Ebbole, D J

    1998-01-01

    The Aspergillus nidulans flbD gene encodes a protein with a Myb-like DNA-binding domain that is proposed to act in concert with other developmental regulators to control initiation of conidiophore development. We have identified a Neurospora crassa gene called rca-1 (regulator of conidiation in Aspergillus) based on its sequence similarity to flbD. We found that N. crassa rca-1 can complement the conidiation defect of an A. nidulans flbD mutant and that induced expression of rca-1 caused coni...

  15. D IE M IST IEK — 'N B E SK O U IN G V O L G E N S D IE ST A N D ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    tariaat ge!d, die absolute waarheid moet wees. ,Dié waarheid is vir. Berdjajew onafhank!ik, dit word gedien, is abso!uut en dien nie. Hy het 'n vaste ge!oof in die persona!istiese aristokrasie van die gees. Vanuit Rus!and is hy na Duitsland. Met die fascisme en Nazi- isme kon Berdjajew egter ook nie volkome tereg kom nie.

  16. HOE WORD ONS WEER 'N BIDDENDE GEMEENTE?* 1. Die ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    moet bid. Sedert die laaste oorlog is dit duidelik dat die mensheid begin het om teen sy grense aan te stoot. Dis nie meer so dat die gebeure van die wêreldgeskiedenis elke keer net 'n deel van die aarde of sekere kultuurkringe in beroering bring nie. Agter die wat in beroering gebring is, was daar nie meer ander bekende ...

  17. A new species of Neosilba (Diptera, Lonchaeidae from Brazil Uma nova espécie de Neosilba (Diptera, Lonchaeidae do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro C. Strikis

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available A new species of Neosilba McAlpine, 1962, N. pradoi sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This new species was found in the south of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, in the southeast (State of São Paulo and center west (State of Mato Grosso do Sul. It has been reared from fruits of guava (Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae, "araçá" (Psidium cattleyanum, Myrtaceae, "guabiroba" (Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Myrtaceae, Surinam cherry (Malpighia emarginata, Malpighiaceae, cherry (Prunus avium, Rosaceae, orange (Citrus sinensis, Rutaceae, "ingá" (Inga laurina, Fabaceae, "esporão-de-galo" (Celtis iguanae, Ulmaceae and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis, Passifloraceae.Uma nova espécie de Neosilba McAlpine, 1962, N. pradoi sp. nov., é descrita e ilustrada. Esta nova espécie foi encontrada no sul do Brasil (Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, no sudeste (Estado de São Paulo e na região centro-oeste (Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foi obtida de frutos de goiaba (Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae, araçá (Psidium cattleyanum, Myrtaceae, guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Myrtaceae, acerola (Malpighia emarginata, Malpighiaceae, cereja (Prunus avium, Rosaceae, laranja (Citrus sinensis, Rutaceae, ingá (Inga laurina, Fabaceae, esporão-de-galo (Celtis iguanae, Ulmaceae e maracujá (Passiflora edulis, Passifloraceae.

  18. Nesting biology of Centris (Centris aenea Lepeletier (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cândida Maria Lima Aguiar

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Nesting activity of Centris aenea Lepeletier, 1841 was studied in two Brazilian habitats, Caatinga (Monte Santo, Bahia and Cerrado (Palmeiras, Bahia and Luiz Antônio, São Paulo. Nests were excavated in the ground and did not tend to be aggregated together at the two sites, but at Palmeiras, nests were in a large aggregation. Nest architecture consists of a single unbranched tunnel, sloping to vertical, which leads to a linear series of four cells, placed from 8 to 26 cm in depth. Cells are urn-shaped with a rounded base, and their cell caps have a central hollow process, as in other Centridini. Nest architecture of C. aenea was compared to other species of Centris Fabricius, 1804. Provisions are composed of a pollen mass covered by a thin liquid layer on which the egg is placed. Females were observed gathering oil on Mcvaughia bahiana W.R. Anderson flowers from October to March in the Caatinga, and on Byrsonima intermedia A.Juss. as well as other Malpighiaceae species from August to December in the Cerrado. Pollen is gathered by buzzing flowers of Solanaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Ochnaceae. Several nectar sources were recorded. There is indirect evidence that Mesoplia sp. parasitizes nests of C. aenea in the Cerrado.

  19. 03 Chaudhari WEB 02.pmd

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Owner

    novel, The Slave Book by Rayda Jacobs, short stories in Drie Wêrelde [“Three Worlds”] by I. D. du Plessis and the poem, “Ons .... nie die reg gehad om te trou nie, hoewel hul wel kon saambly; hulle het nie reg tot beheer oor hul eie ..... wêreld—”baie ver van hier”—gelê: “Maar iewers lank gelede / baie ver van hier / het.

  20. Which theories can explain the emerging economic problems? Theories of the firm in the new institutional economics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marek Matuszak

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The article presents basic assumptions and new theories of the firm connected with New Institutional Economics (NIE. NIE is regarded as a stream of research which enlarges and enriches the neoclassical economics. NIE focuses on the phenomena ignored by the traditional economics. The research field of NIE is very diversified but the adhesive which integrates all its streams is the idea that the main determinants of the development are institutions. The following part of the article contains a brief presentation of the notion, the significance and the types of institutions. It is stated that the market and its mechanisms depend on the characteristics of institutions which define its nature. Next the article presents briefly new theories of the firm related to NIE – the moral hazard or agency- theoretic approach, transaction cost economics approach and „capabilities” approach. The last part of the article examines the importance of institutions for creating the competitive advantage of a firm and of economies.

  1. Advertising and the medical profession: An exploratory study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Boshoff

    1992-06-01

    Full Text Available Practitioners in the legal, accounting, architectural, and medical professions are showing an increasing interest in marketing - particularly in advertising. Some professions such as accounting have already reached finality on whether advertising should be permitted. The medical profession has not given this matter any serious thought and this exploratory study aims to provide some early guidelines by analysing the perceptions of medical practitioners and in particular, the possible implications of lifting advertising restrictions. The empirical results indicate that physicians realise that patients often do not have adequate information at their disposal before choosing the practitioner of their choice. They do not seem to believe, however, that advertising is a means of overcoming this problem. Specifically, older and more experienced physicians feel that advertising will benefit neither the profession nor the public. It is surmised that the status quo will be maintained for the short and medium term. Opsomming Lede van die regs-, rekenkundige-, argiteks- en mediese professies toon toenemend belangstelling in bemarkingspraktyke - veral ten opsigte van reklame. Sommige professies soos die rekenkundiges, het reeds die vraagstuk van beperkings op reklame bevredigend aangespreek. Die mediese beroep het die aangeleentheid nog nie ondersoek nie en die verkennende studie is 'n poging om tentatiewe riglyne in die verband vas te lê. Die primere doelwit was om te bepaal wat mediese praktisyns se persepsies ten opsigte van die moontlike gevolge van reklame deur die mediese beroep is. Die empiriese resultate dui daarop dat medici besef dat pasiente dikwels nie oor voldoende inligting beskik om 'n optimale keuse van 'n geneesheer te maak nie. Tog word daar nie geglo dat reklame die probleem sal kan opios nie. Ouer en meer ervare geneeshere is veral gekant teen die opheffing van die beperking op reklamepraktyke. Daar kan dus verwag word dat die beperkings

  2. Die rol van die blanke werker in die motivering van die swart werker

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. J. Oosthuizen

    1980-11-01

    Opsomming Die motivering van die Swart werker kan nie in die huidige situasie in isolasie bestudeer word nie, omdat die Blanke werker steeds in die bestuursposisie is en daarom die motivering van die Swart werker kan beïnvloed. Hierdie ondersoek was daarop gerig om die rol van die Blanke werker in die motivering van die Swart werker nader te ondersoek. Die houding en die leierskapsbenadering van die Blanke werker teenoor die Swart werker is gemeet, asook die behoeftes wat volgens die Blanke werker by die Swart werker bestaan, bevredig is, of nie bestaan nie. Die behoeftes van Swart werkers, soos deur hulleself gesien, is ook ondersoek. Ten opsigte van sekere aspekte is beduidende verskille gevind.

  3. Kinderidentiteit, ras en seksualiteit in Ons is nie almal so nie en Die ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Marnus' choice involves masculinity, violence and sport, and Gertie as Little Red Riding Hood is metaphorically swallowed by the fox of Christian values about women and sex. Keywords: Afrikaans literature, child identity, Jeanne Goosen, Mark Behr, race, sexuality. Tydskrif vir Letterkunde Vol. 45 (2) 2008: pp. 87-100 ...

  4. Enkele gedagtes oor Matteus se gebruikmaking van die Ou ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Testament immers geensins op 'n eenvormige manier nie. Om hierdie ... kai en ekei héds tës teleutës Hërodou hína plërdthë tó rhêthén hupd kurtou diá ... evangelis 'n duidelike verband tussen Herodes en Farao se kinder- moorde trek, val die duidelike toespeling op Eksodus 4:19-20 in vers. 20 nie te ontken nie. Daar is 'n ...

  5. Intoxicação por Mascagnia rigida (Malpighiaceae em ovinos e caprinos Poisoning by Mascagnia rigida (Malpighiaceae in sheep and goats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jackson S. de Vasconcelos

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Mascagnia rigida é a planta tóxica mais importante para bovinos na região Nordeste, causando morte súbita associada ao exercício. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos descrever três surtos de intoxicação por M. rigida em ovinos e um surto em caprinos no semi-árido da Paraíba, reproduzir experimentalmente a intoxicação em ovinos e caprinos, e comprovar a passagem do princípio ativo de M. rigida pelo colostro destes pequenos ruminantes. Os surtos ocorreram no início do período chuvoso, quando a planta brota antes do que outras forrageiras ou após o final desse período, quando após secarem algumas forrageiras, M. rigida permanece verde. Na reprodução experimental da intoxicação por M. rigida, doses de 10 e 20g/kg de peso animal, com as planta proveniente de duas regiões diferentes, foram letais para três caprinos e três ovinos. Um caprino que ingeriu 20g/kg da planta um ovino que ingeriu 10g/kg, se recuperaram. Dois ovinos e dois caprinos que ingeriram 5g/kg tiveram sinais discretos e se recuperaram. Tanto os casos experimentais quanto os espontâneos apresentaram ingurgitamento das veias jugulares, relutância em caminhar, decúbito externo abdominal, incoordenação, respiração ofegante, depressão, instabilidade e tremores musculares. A morte ocorreu após um curso clínico de alguns minutos a 27h40 min. As principais lesões foram edema pulmonar e vacuolização e necrose de células epiteliais dos túbulos renais. Para testar se o princípio ativo de M. rigida é eliminado pelo leite causando morte súbita nas crias foi realizado um experimento com duas cabras e cinco ovelhas que ingeriram, diariamente, 2g/kg de M. rigida, nos 15 dias anteriores ao parto. Uma ovelha que tinha gestação gemelar abortou depois de ter ingerido a planta por 10 dias. Os cordeiros das demais ovelhas mamaram normalmente o colostro sem aprestar sinais clínicos. O cabrito de uma cabra mamou o colostro e 5 minutos após morreu subitamente. A outra cabra pariu um cabrito que morreu imediatamente após o parto, sem ter ingerido colostro. Estes resultados sugerem que o princípio ativo da planta foi eliminado pelo leite em doses tóxicas. Recomendamse medidas de controle da intoxicação.Mascagnia rigida is the most important toxic plant for cattle in the Northeastern region of Brazil, causing sudden death during exercise. The objectives of this research were to report three outbreaks of poisoning by M. rigida in sheep and one in goats in the semiarid of the state of Paraíba, to reproduce experimentally the disease, and to determine if the active principle of the plant is eliminated through the milk. The outbreaks occurred at beginning of the raining season, when the plant sprouts ahead other forages, or after the end of the raining season, when M. rigida stayed green and other forages had dried. In the experimental reproduction of the poisoning doses of 10 and 20g of M. rigida per kg body weight from two different regions were lethal to 3 goats and 3 sheep. One goat that ingested 20g/kg and a sheep that ingested 10g/kg recovered. Two sheep and two goats that ingested 5g/kg had mild clinical signs and recovered. Clinical signs of experimental and spontaneous cases were ingurgitation of the jugular veins, reluctance to move, sternal recumbence, incoordination, respiratory distress, depression, instability, and muscular tremors. Death occurred after a clinical manifestation period of about 4 min to 27h40min. The main lesions were pulmonary edema and vacuolization and necrosis of epithelial cells in some renal tubules. To test if the active principle of M. rigida causes sudden deaths in newborn lambs and kids, 2g/kg of the plant were given daily to two goats and five sheep in the 15 days previous to parturition. One sheep aborted two lambs, 5 days before parturition. The four lambs of the other four sheep ingested the colostrum without problems. The kid from one goat ingested the colostrum and died suddenly 5 minutes after. The kid from the other goat died immediately after parturition before ingestion of colostrum. These results suggest that the active principle of M. rigida was eliminated through the milk at toxic doses for the kids. Management measures to prevent the poisoning are recommended.

  6. Leipoldt in 1980*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. M. Viljoen

    1980-03-01

    Full Text Available Oor Leipoldt se veelsydigheid hoef daar nie veel gésê te word nie. Hy was digter, dramaturg, romanskrywer, joemalis, geneesheer, kos- en wynkenner, filantroop, wêreldburger, maar bly tog vir ons in die eerste plek digter. Ons beeld van Leipoldt so oeuvre kan verander - daar is vanjaar al twee “nuwe” werke van hom ontdek - maar as daar iets van Leipoldt behoue sal bly, sal dit eerder sy poësie as sy drama, prosa, joemalistieke werk of kookboeke wees; so lyk dit altans op die oomblik. Daarom beperk ek my to t sy poësie en sal ek nie probeer om u totaalbeeld van sy ryk maar erg ongelyke oeuvre te gee nie.

  7. Case report

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    abp

    14 oct. 2017 ... Résumé. La thrombopénie néonatale représente l'anomalie d'hémostase du nouveau-né la plus fréquente. Elle est définie par un chiffre de plaquettes inférieur à 150 000/mm3. Le risque de thrombopénie néonatale concerne 40% des nouveau-nés de mère ayant des antécédents de thrombopénie.

  8. Die tug oor ampsdraers tydens die doleansie van 1886

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Visser

    1986-06-01

    Full Text Available In art 29 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis word bely: “Die merktekens om die ware Kerk te ken is die volgende: As die Kerk die suiwere prediking van die evangelie uitoefen, as dit die suiwer bediening van die sakramente gebruik soos Christus dit ingestel het, as die kerklike tug gebruik word om die sondes te straf.” Dit spreek vanself dat wanneer ampsdraers, aan wie Christus sy kudde toevertrou het (Hand 20 : 28, met leer en /of lewenswandel in sonde volhard en nie daarin met tug gestuit word nie, word die ware kerk nie gebou nie maar afgebreek. 0ns sal later in hierdie artikel aantoon hoedanig die suiwer tug oor ampsdraers, veral leertug, tydens die Doleansie tot skade van die kerk van Christus agterweë gebly het.

  9. Vrede (םולָֹׁש) in Jesaja 40–66

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    25 Aug 2015 ... Author: Chris van der Walt1. Affiliation: ... Een van die bekendste uitdrukkings wat met vrede geassosieer word, is: 'Swords into ploughshares' .... interpersoonlike verhoudings (Jos 9:15) ..... hulle nie haastig hoef te vertrek nie.

  10. Using election registration data to measure migration trends in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    the national census and household and labour surveys. Socio-economic data ... ekonomise data bevat in die algemeen nie veel migrasiedata nie. .... contributions of scholars such as ..... It is a large data ... provide a longitudinal perspective of.

  11. Gertruida M. du Plooy. 500 Communication Concepts. English I Afri ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    vanger/s by ander universiteite genoem, kinestiek word ook kinetika genoem, marketing package marketing mix, voorsevraag leidende vraag, reklame advertering, organisatoriese kommunikasie / kultuur / netwerke organisasiekommunikasie / -kul- tuur / -netwerke. Nie een van hierdie altematiewe benaminge kom voor nie.

  12. Three Research Strategies of Neuroscience and the Future of Legal Imaging Evidence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jun, Jinkwon; Yoo, Soyoung

    2018-01-01

    Neuroscientific imaging evidence (NIE) has become an integral part of the criminal justice system in the United States. However, in most legal cases, NIE is submitted and used only to mitigate penalties because the court does not recognize it as substantial evidence, considering its lack of reliability. Nevertheless, we here discuss how neuroscience is expected to improve the use of NIE in the legal system. For this purpose, we classified the efforts of neuroscientists into three research strategies: cognitive subtraction, the data-driven approach, and the brain-manipulation approach. Cognitive subtraction is outdated and problematic; consequently, the court deemed it to be an inadequate approach in terms of legal evidence in 2012. In contrast, the data-driven and brain manipulation approaches, which are state-of-the-art approaches, have overcome the limitations of cognitive subtraction. The data-driven approach brings data science into the field and is benefiting immensely from the development of research platforms that allow automatized collection, analysis, and sharing of data. This broadens the scale of imaging evidence. The brain-manipulation approach uses high-functioning tools that facilitate non-invasive and precise human brain manipulation. These two approaches are expected to have synergistic effects. Neuroscience has strived to improve the evidential reliability of NIE, with considerable success. With the support of cutting-edge technologies, and the progress of these approaches, the evidential status of NIE will be improved and NIE will become an increasingly important part of legal practice.

  13. Three Research Strategies of Neuroscience and the Future of Legal Imaging Evidence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jinkwon Jun

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Neuroscientific imaging evidence (NIE has become an integral part of the criminal justice system in the United States. However, in most legal cases, NIE is submitted and used only to mitigate penalties because the court does not recognize it as substantial evidence, considering its lack of reliability. Nevertheless, we here discuss how neuroscience is expected to improve the use of NIE in the legal system. For this purpose, we classified the efforts of neuroscientists into three research strategies: cognitive subtraction, the data-driven approach, and the brain-manipulation approach. Cognitive subtraction is outdated and problematic; consequently, the court deemed it to be an inadequate approach in terms of legal evidence in 2012. In contrast, the data-driven and brain manipulation approaches, which are state-of-the-art approaches, have overcome the limitations of cognitive subtraction. The data-driven approach brings data science into the field and is benefiting immensely from the development of research platforms that allow automatized collection, analysis, and sharing of data. This broadens the scale of imaging evidence. The brain-manipulation approach uses high-functioning tools that facilitate non-invasive and precise human brain manipulation. These two approaches are expected to have synergistic effects. Neuroscience has strived to improve the evidential reliability of NIE, with considerable success. With the support of cutting-edge technologies, and the progress of these approaches, the evidential status of NIE will be improved and NIE will become an increasingly important part of legal practice.

  14. Qualitative research in nursing - Advancing the humanistic imperative

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A Botes

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available Die boek spreek nie net die filosofiese dimentsies van kwalitatiewe navorsing aan nie, maar ook die metodologiese aspekte. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

  15. A. VAN SELMS. LUKAS SE SEGSMAN VIR DIE GESKIEDENIS VAN ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    oordele aan die eerste drie hoofstukke van sy Evangelie, het Lukas onder „van ..... Simon te onderskei van Simon Petrus, hoef ons nie erns te maak nie. .... op hulle beurt vereenselwig met Mosa van Jos. .... i&) Lukas der Arzt. Leipzig, 1906.

  16. Usus politicus evangelii

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    3. Die twee-ryke-leer bied nie enige kriteria vir 'n Christelike etiek nie, met die gevolg dat die ...... Atherstone, A., 2009, 'The implications of Semper reformanda', Anvil Journal of Theology and. Mission 26(1) ...... alcoran, 3 vols., Opirinus, Basel.

  17. GPL Report: Educational R&D in a Tough Budget Year.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Florio, David H.

    1979-01-01

    This report examines funding and activities of the National Institute of Education (NIE) to demonstrate how educational inquiry is doing in obtaining federal financial support. An overview of specific areas NIE plans to investigate if adequate funds are allocated is presented. (EB)

  18. Toenemend kerk

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    / kerk van die Tessalonisense' (1 Tess 1:1; 2Tess 1:1). In ons tyd word kerke nie meer net met geografiese name onderskei nie, maar ook met historiese, kultuur- en geesverwantskap benaminge. 'n Spesifieke naam van 'n denominasie is dus ...

  19. Plaaslike bestuur en sy rol in fisiese beplanning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Z.J. van Vuuren

    1965-03-01

    Full Text Available Somaar uit die staanspoor wil ek verduidelik dat my bena- dering miskien vir sommige van u as te prakties en van te algemene aard mag voorkom en u moontlik sou verkies het dat ek meer moes uitwei oor die tegnieke en die beginsels van beplanning. Daardie aspekte laat ek egter aan die persone oor wat beter gekwalifiseer is om daaroor te praat as ek. Dit beteken egter nie dat ek, en ander soos ek, die aanvaarde en beproefde beginsels vir goeie beplanning kan ignoreer nie. Ek wil egter met hierdie inleidende woorde volstaan en dit aan u oordeel oorlaat om te besluit of u met hierdie bena- dering van my saamstem. Indien u nie met my saamstem nie, dan vertrou ek dat wat ek hier te sê het u minstens sal prikkel en u miskien sal aanspoor om die saak te stel soos u dit sien.

  20. The Evaluation Of An Insourced Employee Assistance Programme

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rajeshree Naicker

    2003-11-01

    Werkgewers wêreldwyd toon waardering vir die toenemende behoefte aan maksimum werknemerproduktiwiteit en doeltreffendheid in ‘n globale ekonomie. In lande met arbeids- en vaardigheidstekorte, is die strategiese waarde van werknemerwerwing en -behoud krities. Werkgewers gebruik dus werkplekdienste, soos Werknemerbystandsprogramme (EAPs en ander verwante programme, om die algehele menslikehulpbronstelsels te verbeter. Maar die blote ingebruikneming van ‘n EAP is opsigself nie genoegsaam om al die bogenoemde te bereik nie. EAPs is selde suksesvol, indien dit nie korrek geïmplementeer word nie en behoort om hierdie rede geëvalueer te word ten einde hulle doeltreffendheid te demonstreer. Ten einde die bogenoemde te bereik, is die teenswoordige studie ontwerp met die oorkoepelende oogmerk om die ingekontrakteerde werknemerbystandsprogram (EAP oor ‘n periode van een jaar te evalueer in terme van impak- en effektiwiteitsbeoordeling. Die metodologie en die resultate van die studie word in die artikel aangebied.

  1. Antwoord op Deist se kritiek

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. N. Lion-Cachet

    1985-06-01

    Full Text Available F. E. Deist (Des. 1984: 47—56 het in sy reaksie op my kritiek op ’n ABC van Bybeluitleg (Maart 1984 : 38—51 geoordeel dat ons verskille op kenteoretiese vlak lê en sy hele diskussie daarvolgens gevoer. Hy het my nie t.o.v. my kernkritiek op die ABC geantwoord nie maar “my kenteorie” (waaroor dit nie in my kritiek gegaan het nie as Platonies-realisties (Neoplatonies gebrandmerk en aan homself ’n histories-kritiese kenteorie in die tradisie van (Vico, Spengler, Collingwood en Popper toegeëien. Na ’n paar inleidende vraagtekens, wat ek weer kan bevraagteken, het hy tot die aanval oorgegaan. Aanval is mos die beste verdediging. Hy soek dan na voorbeelde van my “Platoniese kenteorie” en nooi my dan uit om op kenteoretiese vlak verder met hom die gesprek te voer.

  2. Multi-targeted priming for genome-wide gene expression assays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adomas Aleksandra B

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Complementary approaches to assaying global gene expression are needed to assess gene expression in regions that are poorly assayed by current methodologies. A key component of nearly all gene expression assays is the reverse transcription of transcribed sequences that has traditionally been performed by priming the poly-A tails on many of the transcribed genes in eukaryotes with oligo-dT, or by priming RNA indiscriminately with random hexamers. We designed an algorithm to find common sequence motifs that were present within most protein-coding genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and of Neurospora crassa, but that were not present within their ribosomal RNA or transfer RNA genes. We then experimentally tested whether degenerately priming these motifs with multi-targeted primers improved the accuracy and completeness of transcriptomic assays. Results We discovered two multi-targeted primers that would prime a preponderance of genes in the genomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa while avoiding priming ribosomal RNA or transfer RNA. Examining the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to nitrogen deficiency and profiling Neurospora crassa early sexual development, we demonstrated that using multi-targeted primers in reverse transcription led to superior performance of microarray profiling and next-generation RNA tag sequencing. Priming with multi-targeted primers in addition to oligo-dT resulted in higher sensitivity, a larger number of well-measured genes and greater power to detect differences in gene expression. Conclusions Our results provide the most complete and detailed expression profiles of the yeast nitrogen starvation response and N. crassa early sexual development to date. Furthermore, our multi-targeting priming methodology for genome-wide gene expression assays provides selective targeting of multiple sequences and counter-selection against undesirable sequences, facilitating a more complete and

  3. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Byrsonima gardneriana (Malpighiaceae)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rolim, Thaisa Leite; Wanderley, Flavia Talita de Sousa; Cunha, Emidio Vasconcelos Leitao da; Tavares, Josean Fechine; Oliveira, Adriana Maria Fernandes de; Assis, Temilce Simoes

    2013-01-01

    The phytochemical investigation of Byrsonima gardneriana led to the isolation of five triterpenes and one flavonoid: D:B-Friedoolean-5-en-3-one (1), friedoolean-14-en-3-one (2), friedelan-3-one (3), lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (4), 3β-hydroxiolean-12-ene (5) and 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavan (6). Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic analyses, including two-dimensional NMR techniques and comparison with published spectral data. Antioxidant activities of ethanol extract and phases were measured using the 1,2-diphenyl- 2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, evaluation of total phenolic content and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). (author)

  4. Professionele vertalers as woordeboekgebruikers*

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    R.B. Ruthven

    Opsomming: 'n Ondersoek na die eienskappe en werkswyse van professionele vertalers en die kenmerke van die vertaalproses toon dat professionele vertalers spesifieke leksikografiese behoeftes het wat nie volledig deur tradisionele tweetalige woordeboeke bevredig kan word nie. Die probleme of behoeftes wat by die ...

  5. The National Institute of Education and Incremental Budgeting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hastings, Anne H.

    1979-01-01

    The National Institute of Education's (NIE) history demonstrates that the relevant criteria for characterizing budgeting as incremental are not the predictability and stability of appropriations but the conditions of complexity, limited information, multiple factors, and imperfect agreement on ends; NIE's appropriations were dominated by political…

  6. Factors in decision-making concerning life support therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G Burger

    1999-11-01

    Moderne tegnologie het dit moontlik gemaak om lewe vir 'n onbepaalde tydperk te verleng, maar ongelukkig bied dit nie antwoorde op vrae wat in suike situasies ontstaan nie. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

  7. Die dinamika van die beperkte drie-deeltjie-probleem in sterrekunde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Keegan D. Anderson

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Die beperkte drie-deeltjie-probleem is een van die oudste probleme in klassieke fisika en is alvir ongeveer die afgelope honderd jaar bestudeer. Die probleem is nie oplosbaar op ‘n geslote analitiese wyse nie, alhoewel ’n oneindige reeks oplossing bestaan.

  8. PARTIKULIERE EN ALGEMENE SINODES

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Strauss. Partikuliere en algemene sinodes. 1. PROBLEEMSTELLING. Die geykte voorkoms van streeks- of provinsiale of partikuliere sinodes en 'n algemene of generale of nasionale sinode — 'n ontleding van die gebruik van hierdie ..... 20 Kerkvergaderings is natuurlik nie howe wat regspraak bedryf nie, maar hoogstens.

  9. Guidelines for enhancing clinical supervision: research ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ... toesighouding behels, maar dat hulle nie die noodsaaklikheid om reflektiewe leer toe te pas tydens die proses van kliniese toesighouding aangedui het nie. Keywords: Clinical supervision, Reflective thinking and learning, Support, Guidance (Health SA Gesondheid: interdisciplinary research journal: 2003 8(4): 12-23) ...

  10. Architektura neowernakularna – geneza. Od Erdmannsdorf do Pensjonatu „Maryja”

    OpenAIRE

    Jacek K. Knothe

    2017-01-01

    Na skraju architektury tworzonej przez architektów zawsze istniało zjawisko architektury ludowej. Stanowiło ono nie tyle przeciwieństwo architektury uznawanej za wybitną, co nurt architektury toczący się niezależnie własnym rytmem i życiem. Określa się je mianem wernakularnego, z łaciny „vernaculus” oznaczający „rodzimy, ojczysty”. Określenie to nie wyczerpuje jednak złożoności zjawiska; jest bowiem różnica pomiędzy architekturą wernakularną i samym zjawiskiem wernakularyzmu, a przede wsz...

  11. Eksistensialisme in die Franse letterkunde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. A. Teurlinckx

    1966-03-01

    Full Text Available Nooit sou die Franse jeug — en die van Europa en verder — in dié mate deur die eksistensialisme be'invloed gewees het nie, indien hierdie filosofie in wysgerige traktate sou begrawe gelê het. Die eksistensialiste het die koning van die filosofiese verhaal, Voltaire, met sukses op sy Candide- en Zadig-pad gevolg en hulle teorieë in letterkundige werke, ver- hale, romans en ook toneelstukke kwytgeraak, wat baie gelees is en waaruit ook ander literatore kragte en inspirasie geput het. Omrede daarvan is daar inderdaad baie eksistensialisme in die Franse letterkunde, maar ’n eintlike eksistensialistiese letterkunde was daar nie, en ’n Eksistensialistiese Letterkun­ dige skool het nooit bestaan nie. Ook sit hierdie eksistensialiste nie langs dieselfde vuur nie. Die Christelike eksistensialis Gabriel Marcel het op 21 April van hierdie jaar uitgevaar teen die „Sartriane” na aanleiding van die opvoering van Les Paravents, Die W indskerms van Jean Genêt in ’n Paryse staatsondersteunde teater. „Mens mag seker wees”, skryf Marcel in Les Nouvelles Littéraires, „dat die hele sartriaanse parogie sal skreeu: groot meesterwerk”. Voortgaande op sy distansiëring kan die literêre eksistensialiste in drie groepe ingedeel word: 1. Die Sartriane; 2. Die Christelike Eksistensialiste; 3. Die Onafhanklikes.

  12. The deaf cannot see: An accumulation of blindness and deafness as combined theme in Isaiah 42 and 43

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chris van der Walt

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available In the Bible the words blind and deaf occur nine times in the same sentence. An accumulation of such sentences is found in Isaiah 42 and 43, where it occurs three times (Is 42:18, 19; 43:8. Blindness is also mentioned in two further sentences in these chapters. Not only is it stated that the people of God is blind, but Israel also accuses Yahweh that their way is hidden from him (Is 40:27. It is because of this accusation, pertaining to an alleged blindness on Yahweh’s side, that the question of hearing is raised. He answers to this accusation in the heavenly court with the questions ‘Do you not know? Have you not heard?’ From there on God makes it clear that seeing is dependent on hearing. In a heavenly court of law, the wrong perception that God’s people had about the exile was put straight and a new beginning for the exiles was subsequently made. The theme of blind- and deafness is thereby continued from Isaiah 1 and 6 in the verdict in the heavenly court in Isaiah 43, where it became clear that the cure for the spiritual blindness of God’s people is not related to their eyes, but to their ears. In die Bybel kom die woorde blind en doof nege keer saam in dieselfde sin voor. ’n Opeenhoping van hierdie sinne word in Jesaja 42 en 43 aangetref waar dit drie maal voorkom (Jes 42:18, 19; 43:8. Blindheid word ook in twee verdere sinne in hierdie hoofstukke genoem. Nie alleen word dit gestel dat die volk van God blind is nie, maar die volk beskuldig God dat Hy nie raaksien wat van hulle word nie (Jes 40:27. In die hemelse hof antwoord God op hierdie beskuldiging met die vrae ‘Weet julle nie? Het julle nie gehoor nie?’ Van daardie punt af maak God dit duidelik dat sien van hoor afhanklik is. Hierdie verkeerde persepsie van die volk oor God se sogenaamde blindheid vir hulle welstand tydens die ballingskap, word reggestel en ’n nuwe begin word gemaak. Die tema van blind- en doofheid word sodoende uit Jesaja 1 en 6 voortgesit in die

  13. Molecular dosimetry of the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zeeland, A.A. van; Aaron, C.S.; Mohn, G.R.; Hung, C.Y.; Brockman, H.E.

    1983-01-01

    Extending previous work with E. coli and mammalian cells in culture, forward-mutation frequencies induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were quantitatively compared in Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae under standardized conditions. Concomitantly, the actual dose to DNA was measured by determining the amount of radioactivity bound to DNA after treatment with tritium-labeled EMS. After exposure to EMS (2.5-50 mM), alkylation levels in N. crassa and S. cerevisiae were similar to those previously determined in E. coli and cultured mammalian cells. Consistently, there was a slightly less than proportional increase of the DNA alkylation level with the exposure concentration of the mutagen. Forward mutagenesis induced in yeast and N. crassa showed exponential kinetics with exponents of 1.5 and 2.6, respectively. These results are similar to those previously reported with E. coli, which differed from the results with cultured mammalian cells, where a linear dose-effect relationship between exposure and genetic effect was observed. These differences may reflect differences in the fate of EMS-induced adducts by cellular DNA repair systems, but are not due to initial differences in DNA alkylation levels. The fate and persistence of specific DNA adducts potentially responsible for pre-mutagenic changes are under investigation. (orig.)

  14. Neurospora COP9 signalosome integrity plays major roles for hyphal growth, conidial development, and circadian function.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhipeng Zhou

    Full Text Available The COP9 signalosome (CSN is a highly conserved multifunctional complex that has two major biochemical roles: cleaving NEDD8 from cullin proteins and maintaining the stability of CRL components. We used mutation analysis to confirm that the JAMM domain of the CSN-5 subunit is responsible for NEDD8 cleavage from cullin proteins in Neurospora crassa. Point mutations of key residues in the metal-binding motif (EX(nHXHX(10D of the CSN-5 JAMM domain disrupted CSN deneddylation activity without interfering with assembly of the CSN complex or interactions between CSN and cullin proteins. Surprisingly, CSN-5 with a mutated JAMM domain partially rescued the phenotypic defects observed in a csn-5 mutant. We found that, even without its deneddylation activity, the CSN can partially maintain the stability of the SCF(FWD-1 complex and partially restore the degradation of the circadian clock protein FREQUENCY (FRQ in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that CSN containing mutant CSN-5 efficiently prevents degradation of the substrate receptors of CRLs. Finally, we found that deletion of the CAND1 ortholog in N. crassa had little effect on the conidiation circadian rhythm. Our results suggest that CSN integrity plays major roles in hyphal growth, conidial development, and circadian function in N. crassa.

  15. NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-TTRU-01-0071 [SEVENS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available CBRC-TTRU-01-0071 ref|YP_001660633.1| FdxN element excision controlling factor prot...ein like [Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843] dbj|BAG05441.1| FdxN element excision controlling factor protein like [Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843] YP_001660633.1 0.035 25% ...

  16. NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-TTRU-01-1413 [SEVENS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available CBRC-TTRU-01-1413 ref|YP_001660633.1| FdxN element excision controlling factor prot...ein like [Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843] dbj|BAG05441.1| FdxN element excision controlling factor protein like [Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843] YP_001660633.1 0.016 28% ...

  17. NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-TTRU-01-0719 [SEVENS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available CBRC-TTRU-01-0719 ref|YP_001660633.1| FdxN element excision controlling factor prot...ein like [Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843] dbj|BAG05441.1| FdxN element excision controlling factor protein like [Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843] YP_001660633.1 0.27 28% ...

  18. NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-GGOR-01-1243 [SEVENS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available CBRC-GGOR-01-1243 ref|YP_001660633.1| FdxN element excision controlling factor prot...ein like [Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843] dbj|BAG05441.1| FdxN element excision controlling factor protein like [Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843] YP_001660633.1 1e-06 23% ...

  19. Geriatrie en die Behoefte aan Geriatriese Dienste in Suid-Mrika

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    12 Okt 1974 ... Om tot 'n beter gebiedsafbakening van begrippe te kom kan gemeld word dat gerontologie die vakgebied ... logie nie alleen tot biologiese prosesse beperk nie maar word sosiale aspekte ingesluit, met ander .... bizarre clinical phenomena and variant responses to treatment'.' Toegespitste mediese aandag ...

  20. Ontstaan, rol en betekenis van die Afrikaanse koerante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. P. Pienaar

    1975-05-01

    Full Text Available Die koerant soos ons dit vandag ken, het pas 2 000 jaar oud geword, nou wel nie altyd gedruk en met kleurfoto’s versier nie, maar nietemin herkenbaar nuusblad. Ons dank vandag die Romein Cicero vir ons kennis van die heel oudste koerante.

  1. n opinie oor die behaviouristiese siening versus die fenomenologie ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    verband die eksperimente van Pavlov, Thorndike,. Skinner, Tolmann en Hull.) Fenomenologie. Die fenomenologie is 'n essensie-openbarende denkrigting. Dit impliseer'n denkende soektog na dit wat 'n besondere verskynsel of werklikheid maak juis dit wat dit is en nie iets anders nie. In die fenomenologiese antropologie ...

  2. Abstraksie en veralgemening in die Wiskunde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B.C. Strydom

    1967-03-01

    Full Text Available Wanneer ek tot u spreek oor abstraksie en veralgemening in die Wiskunde, wil ek u aandag vestig op die belangrikheid daarvaan vir die Wiskunde, maar u terselfdertyd daarop wys dat die wiskundige hom nie langs hierdie weg heeltemal van die werklikheid kan losmaak nie.

  3. Determination of high molecular mass compounds from Amazonian plant's leaves; Determinacao de compostos de massa molecular alta em folhas de plantas da Amazonia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Siqueira, Denilson Soares de; Pereira, Alberto dos Santos; Aquino Neto, Francisco Radler de [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica]. E-mail: ladetec@iq.gov.br; Cabral, Jose Augusto; Ferreira, Carlos Alberto Cid [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, AM (Brazil); Simoneit, Bernd R.T. [Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States). College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences. Petroleum and Environmental Geochemistry Group; Elias, Vladimir O. [Analytical Solution, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2003-10-01

    The fractions of dichloromethane extracts of leaves from andiroba (Carapa guianensis - Meliaceae), caapi (Banisteriopsis caapi - Malpighiaceae), cocoa (Theobroma cacao - Sterculiaceae), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa - Lecytidaceae), cupuacu (Theobroma grandiflorum - Sterculiaceae), marupa (Simaruba amara - Simaroubaceae) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis - Euphorbiaceae), were analyzed by HT-HRGC and HT-HRGC-MS. Esters of homologous series of fatty acids and long chain alcohols, phytol, amyrines and tocopherols were characterized. The characterization of the compounds was based mainly in mass spectra data and in addition by usual spectrometric data ({sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR, IR). (author)

  4. Determination of high molecular mass compounds from Amazonian plant's leaves

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Siqueira, Denilson Soares de; Pereira, Alberto dos Santos; Aquino Neto, Francisco Radler de; Simoneit, Bernd R.T.

    2003-01-01

    The fractions of dichloromethane extracts of leaves from andiroba (Carapa guianensis - Meliaceae), caapi (Banisteriopsis caapi - Malpighiaceae), cocoa (Theobroma cacao - Sterculiaceae), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa - Lecytidaceae), cupuacu (Theobroma grandiflorum - Sterculiaceae), marupa (Simaruba amara - Simaroubaceae) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis - Euphorbiaceae), were analyzed by HT-HRGC and HT-HRGC-MS. Esters of homologous series of fatty acids and long chain alcohols, phytol, amyrines and tocopherols were characterized. The characterization of the compounds was based mainly in mass spectra data and in addition by usual spectrometric data ( 1 H and 13 C NMR, IR). (author)

  5. 'n Hervormde tradisie as heelmiddel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. A. Loader

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available In die Nederduitsch Hervonnde Kerk van Afrika is die odium theologicum geen vreemdeling nie. Daar is verskeie illustrasies van moontlik. Ben verskyningsvonn daarvan is die heftige polemiese trant van talle publikasies van S P Engelbrecht2,  J G M Dreyer3 en andere.  Dit staan in 'n ou Transvaalse tradisie, soos onder andere gesien kan word in die laat-negentiende-eeuse styl van M J Goddefroy4. Waar hierdie emosionele polemieke na buite plaasgevind het en telkens  teen anti-Hervonners vir die Hervonnde Kerk in die bres getree het, het daar nou 'n binnekerklike twis losgebreek. Ook dit is nie by ons onbekend nie. Ons hoef maar net te dink aan die bitterhede van die Geysersage gedurende die sestigerjare en van die Artikel III-debat in die jare sewentig en tagtig. Die twis wat egter gedurende die negentigerjare in Hervonnde geledere gegroei het, laat die vroeere twiste klein lyk. Anders as in die afgelope drie dekades is dit nie meer enkelinge of 'n handjievol kritici wat redelik maklik ge'isoleer kan word nie. Nou' staan hele slagordes met wapperende vaandels in die kerk teenoor mekaar. Na die vergadering ter lewering van 'n 'Eietydse Getuienis' op 4 November 1995 en die verskyning van Die Hervonner van die halfjaar wat op die Vier-en-sestigste Algemene Kerk-vergadering gevolg het5, sou dit 'n oop deur intrap om hiervoor dokumentere bewys aan te voer. Daar word soms eufemisties na die meningsverskille wat in die laaste helfte van 1995 kookpunt bereik het, verwys as 'n 'debat'. As 'n waardige debat werklik ontwikkel, kan dit die Hervonnde Kerk en die beoefening van die teologie ten goede kom. In hierdie artikel beoog ek nie om aan die geveg deel te neem nie, maar weI om konstruktief by te dra tot wat 'n debat kan word.

  6. Nie wieder Krieg, nie wieder allein, nie wieder Auschwitz oder? - Saksan liittotasavallan ulko- ja turvallisuuspoliittiset periaatteet strategisen kulttuurin näkökulmasta 1993-1995

    OpenAIRE

    Seppo, Antti

    2006-01-01

    Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler. Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library. Vain tiivi...

  7. 'n ope brief aan Dorian Gray en 'n peiling van die Afrikaanse ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    19 Mrt. 2018 ... kritieser lesers (nie net vriende, Instagram-ondersteuners en kollegas nie) en 'n in- tensiewer ontginning van beskikbare toetsterreine. Het hy ooit gedigte voorgelê vir. NB-Uitgewers se Nuwe stemme-reeks? Sterk debutante soos Ilse van Staden, Bernard. Odendaal, Ronelda Kamfer, Loftus Marais, Hennie ...

  8. "Die beiteltjie" van N.P. van Wyk Louw en

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tom

    belangrike kenmerk van die postmodernisme is, wil ek dit nie tot abso- lute kenmerk verhef nie. Een van die .... oorgang vanaf 'n epistemologiese ingesteldheid tot 'n ontologiese ingesteldheid demonstreer en ..... the neglected and a whole range of phenomena which have been denied a history. Die formulering van die ...

  9. Die Gereformeerde Ekumeniese Sinode en Sending 1984

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    opvatting. Indien 'n mens al die kerke wat aan die Gereformeerde. Ekumeniese Sinode (GES) behoort een vir een sendingmatig sal be- studeer, sal daar waarskynlik 'n sterk differensiasie tussen sommige kerke aan die lig kom. Die GES kan dus nie verantwoordelik gehou word vir individuele kerke se sendingopvatting nie.

  10. An investigation into the consequences of selection for growth, size ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dor die algemeen neig die verwantskap tussen groeitempo of liggaamsmassa en vrugbaarheid by vleisbeeste om negatief te wees. Vleisdierteelt kan dus nie net op seleksie vir groei of grootte gefundeer word nie. Ander seleksiekriteria behoort ondersoek te word en die beginsel van die gebruik van vader- en moederlyne ...

  11. Morphological variation in the girdled

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    1990-10-18

    Oct 18, 1990 ... A.g.v. corvleueling in hierdie eien- skappe word aparte taksonomiese status vir eksemplare buite die tipelokaliteit nie oorweag nie. Die stel diagnostiese eienskappe vir die spesie word op datum gebring en aanvul- lende ekologiese inligting word verskaf. Mouton (1986) described a new girdled lizard, ...

  12. SE GESKE~K 4.4.~ f~ 130EREGE~ER4.4.L

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    de voorwerp klaar gekleur is, word dit in. 'n oond gebak. Saam met edelmetale vorm emalje eksotiese kunswerke. Ofskoon die bratina nie van edelmetaal ver- vaardig is .... trou nie. Die bootvorm van die kovsh is geaksentueer met goue koorddraad. Helder kleurige cloisonne emalje versierings maak die bekertjie besonder ...

  13. polisemie in die woordeboek - 'n

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    mous items, the problem of monosemic prototype categories vs. polysemous prototype categories, ...... bv. te make met kulturele norme vir die drink van warm vloeistowwe. ..... (en nie bv. teen ander soorte water of ander soorte chemiese middele nie) gede- ...... INLIGTING VERSKAF TE WORD (EN VERW AG DIT AS SODA-.

  14. , 26-ESKADER R.F.C.

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Cripps, Hinshelwood, Wood, Hewitt, Carey-Thomas,. Power en Driver toegestaan kan word. Hulle moetewenwel onmiddellik gereed wees om verdere opdragte te ontvang. Indien hulle 'nie as vrywilligers wiI aansluit nie, kan hulle ontslaan word. ,',. Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 2 Nr 2, 1970.

  15. Tegn. Red.

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    rbr

    gawe uit meer as twee maal soveel lemmas sal bestaan. Selfs tien duisend lem- mas sal geensins 'n volledige versameling "etimologiseerbare" Afrikaanse lemmas verteenwoordig nie, en dit is goed dat EWA geensins makrostruktu- rele volledigheid op die agenda het nie. Nogtans, hoewel daar in hierdie stadium niks oor ...

  16. (Pisces, Cyprinidae) in Wuras Dam, a shallow, turbid impoundment

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    tooname in liggaamsmassa. Suksesvolle voortplanting is afhanklik van geskikte vloedtoostande gedurende die brooiseisoen wat vanaf November tot Maart of April strek. Die vis het blykbaar in. Wurasdam gebrooi. AI die wyfies het nie gelyktydig kuitgeskiet nie en daar is aanduidings dat individue meer as een maal per sei-.

  17. Distopie voor oë: Eben Venter se duister kuns

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Harry Sewlall

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Sedert die verskyning van Joseph Conrad se novelle, Heart of Darkness, uitgegee as vervolgverhaal in 1899, was daar al verskeie pogings om Conrad se teks te ‘herskryf’, al was die verwantskap met die meesterteks dikwels gering of selfs twyfelagtig. Nog ’n herskrywing van Conrad se teks is Eben Venter se roman Trencherman, aanvanklik in Afrikaans uitgegee as Horrelpoot. Hierdie teks volg die meesterteks baie nougeset na, nie slegs deur aanhalings daaruit as motto’s vooraan elke hoofstuk te gebruik nie, maar ook deur beelde en woorde uit die oorspronklike teks op ooglopende of bedekte wyse in die narratief in te weef. Die vrae waarmee ’n leser soos ek, wat nie vertroud is met Afrikaans nie, gekonfronteer word, is of dit ’n geval van plagiaat is of ’n oefening in intertekstualiteit en ofdie boek eerder ’n poging is om sensasie te wek ten einde meer boeke te verkoop. Hierdie vraevorm die basis vir ’n intertekstuele verkenning van die twee tekste, wat neerkom op ’n stiplees van Conrad se teks langs Trencherman ten einde die intertekstuele skakels tussen die twee tekste te identifiseer. Teoreties is die artikel gebaseer op die werk van Kristeva en Barthes. Die ondersoek het bevestig dat Trencherman inderdaad ’n oefening in intertekstualiteit is, nie slegs as intertekstualiteit nie, maar eerder as ’n in-gesprek-tree met Conrad se meesterteks. Daaruit volg die slotsom dat Trencherman ’n geldige intertekstuele antwoord is op Heart of darkness wat Conrad se beroemde novelle dekonstrueer en die draaiboek daarvan transponeer na ’n distopiese, post-demokratiese Suid-Afrika.

  18. Markus 16:1-8 in die konteks van 'n konstniksie van die Markaanse ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Gager notes that a sociological approach to early Christianity takes what redaction ...... die Markaanse ervaring die ander kant van die saak nie so 'getrou' weerspieel nie. Markaansc .... insider's knowledge of the apocalyptic code is bound to conclude that Mark and his ..... The ethics of Mark's gospel: In the middle of time.

  19. Proefskrifbespreking Boekbespreking

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    paradigma-verandering as die beskry- wing van wetenskapsontwikkeling oorneem en aanwend as 'n middel om teologiese teorievorming mee te be- skryf. Hoewel Engelbrecht se inter- pretasie van sowel Kuhn as Gadamer soms twyfelagtig is, wil ek nie hier daarop ingaan nie. Dit is belangriker om by Engelbrecht se eie ...

  20. 'n voorgestelde raamwerk vir die skryf van 'n akademiese publikasie

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Die skryf van 'n akademiese publikasie. 145. Paradigma. Inhoud. Slagkreet. Probleem. Behaviourisme Mense word gekon- disioneer hoe om op te tree. Ek kan myself nie help nie. Alles word tot oor- saak en gevolg gere- duseer. Utilitarianisme Moraliteit is nuttig as dit die gewenste resultaat kan bring. Die grootste geluk.

  1. * * S . G reydanus ), Schriftoverdenkingen. Uitgegee deur J. H. Kok ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    Al is hulle oud, want hulle is reeds tydens die eerste wereldoorlog geskryf, tog het hulle hul waarde nog nie verloor nie. Hoewel prof. Greydanus nutestamentikus was, het hy tog ongeveer tweederde van sy oordenkings uit die Ou Testament geneem. Sy betoogtrant is helder. Sy eksegese is gesond. Sy Skrifoordenkings.

  2. Procurement: National Institute of Education's Procurement Practices. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations and Human Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Div. of Human Resources.

    This document comprises the General Accounting Office's (GAO) report to the House Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations concerning the GAO's review of the contract awarding process of the National Institute of Education (NIE) for fiscal year 1983. The review focused on 39 of NIE's 52 newly negotiated procurement contracts; a sample of…

  3. (MESQUITE THORN) PODS

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    'n basale dieet van gemaalde lusern- en hawerhooi ontvang (kontrole) wat trapsgewys verplaas is met gemaalde hosopis juliflora pcule tot 1009e verplasing.Ad lib. innames van suiwer Prosopis-peule het nie betekenisvol van die kontroledieet verskil nie, maar verteerbaarheid. veral van ruvesel, is ver- laag namate die vlak ...

  4. die korrelasie tussen die gemiddelde daaglikse toename van ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    'n Regressielyn is uit die gegewens bereken deur 'n beswaarde regressieanaliese en die 80 persent-voorspellings- bande is bepaal. Die punte wat ver buite die normale ver- spreidingsband geval hetkon almal met goeie rede as abnor- maal beskou word (sien tabel 1) en is nie ingesluit by die statistiese berekenings nie.

  5. Pozycja agomelatyny w leczeniu depresji

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Łukasz Święcicki

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Na rynku dostępnych jest wiele leków przeciwdepresyjnych, ale wykorzystują one jedynie kilka wspólnych mechanizmów działania. Ponieważ znaczny odsetek pacjentów nie reaguje wystarczająco dobrze na stosowane leki, pojawienie się leku o nowym mechanizmie działania, takiego jak agomelatyna, zawsze budzi nadzieje. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki metaanaliz i badań kontrolowanych, a także kilku badań otwartych dotyczących pewnych szczególnych aspektów terapii. Zaprezentowane badania zostały opublikowane w ostatnich latach – w roku 2013 i później. Wyniki metaanaliz nie są jednoznaczne, ale nowsze publikacje mogą wskazywać na wysoką skuteczność agomelatyny. Co istotne, nie potwierdzają się wcześniejsze opinie o znacznej hepatotoksyczności leku. Rezultaty badań kontrolowanych niemal jednoznacznie wskazują, że pod względem skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa agomelatyna nie ustępuje lekom przeciwdepresyjnym z grupy selektywnych inhibitorów wychwytu zwrotnego serotoniny. Przeprowadzone w ostatnich latach badania dotyczące wpływu agomelatyny na anhedonię mają charakter badań otwartych, agomelatyna nie była w nich porównywana z innymi lekami przeciwdepresyjnymi, stąd też trudno jednoznacznie zinterpretować uzyskane wyniki.

  6. http://spilplus.journals.ac.za

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Linda always eats an ice-cream. Daar Is nie 'n lini^re verband gevind tussen die aantal jare blootstelling aan Engels en prestasie in take met VP-inisieie bywoorde nie. 5.2.3 Beoordeling en produksie van kongruensie. Produksie en beoordeling van kongruensie toon dieselfde grafiekvorm as wat by woordorde voorgekom ...

  7. Abraham Kuyper en volksideologie onder die Afrikaners

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K. Smit

    1989-05-01

    Full Text Available Om die waarheid te sê, Kuyper is lank nie meer gewild in Gereformeerde geledere in Suid-Afrika nie. Deels moet dit gewyt word aan die assosiasie van apartheidsideologie met Kuyper se idee van skeppingsordeninge (’n idee wat ook verbind kan word met Hitler se regverdiging van sy uitwissingsoperasies.

  8. PHEIFFER SE TAALPOLITIEK JC Steyn

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    sigself maak tog nie Chomsky se teorie oor n aangebore taalaanleg en die konsekwensie daarvan nl. dat elke taal opgebou moet wees volgens dieselfde grondprinsipes, ongeldig nie? Taalpolitieke oortuigingskrag het hierdie argument nog minder. Sal jy in alle erns vir mense kan se: "Ons moet aanhou om die taal te praat ...

  9. Postmoderne kerk-wees in die lig van publieke teologie – eenheid ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    UPuser

    Die filosoof Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) het volgens Newbigin (in De Reuver 2004:248) .... Postmoderniteit, aan die ander kant, kan geloof nie probeer uitsluit of tot niet maak nie. Dit word dan selfs moontlik dat ..... lesbians from the traditional sexual ethics that support male dominance. (Poling 1995:122). 'n Lewe sonder ...

  10. Taalbeleid aan finansiële instellings | van Schouwenburg | Southern ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Beweerde gebrekkige terminologie in die Afrikatale asook die koste verbonde aan die implementering van veeltaligheid is dikwels in die verlede aangevoer as redes waarom kliënte nie in hulle moedertale bedien kan word nie. Uit die navorsing blyk dit dat daar egter 'n verskuiwing aan die plaasvind is waarvolgens die ...

  11. The development and evaluation of Vusha (a culture friendly psychoeducational programme for the prevention of teenage pregnancy in rural Venda.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gertie Pretorius

    1997-12-01

    In Venda ontlok tradisionele leiers en gemeenskapsleiers nie meer dieselfde soort respek van hulle onderdane nie. Die gevolg hiervan is dat daar swak bywoning is van sosiale seremoniele rituele wat altyd sosiale integrasie instand gehou het. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

  12. Kontekstualisering as hermeneutiese vraagstuk

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Alles moet benut en desnoods uitgebuit word. Die absolute mens staan as dominant teenoor die aarde en die menswêreld. Weten- skaplikes wat bang begin word dat ons nou die aarde gaan 'opgebruik', stel al hoe meer 'n nuwe paradigma voor vir aardbenutting. Die mensbewussyn moet dan nie teenoor alles staan nie, ...

  13. Eugene de Kock

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    8 Apr 2016 ... is 'n prentjie wat Hollywood gereeld aan ons opdis. Die waarheid is dat die mense wat namens die staat afskuwelike dade pleeg, heel normaal en soms selfs vervelig voorkom. Dit staan in sterk kon- tras met hul vergrype, wat definitief nie normaal of vervelig voorkom nie maar daadwerklik immoreel was.

  14. Holisme as 'n postmodernistiese filosofie in teologiese lig

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    mentation characteristic of the modern mind since René Decartes and Isaac Newton ....[T]he thirst for postmodernity is the thirst for a renewed sense of the whole'. Tog is die konsep 'postmodemisme' (maar ook 'postmoderniteit') nie maklik defmieerbaar nie (kyk Szegedy-Maszák 1987:42). Wat as verduidelikend daaroor ge-.

  15. Cephalopoda: Sepiidae

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    1992-06-09

    Jun 9, 1992 ... mag benadeel aangesien die optimum-temperature en -diepte vir teling nie saamval nie. • Presented at the ... snapshot of the S. australis population against which changes in ... usually for 30 min, during daylight in stratified semi-random squares .... This mean mass was used to estimate a total number of.

  16. Chrístologie: Die historiese Jesus en die kerugmatiese Christus by ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    dige Here van sy kerk. Die Christelike teologie en die kerk het dus nie 'n ander oprsprong as wat die Christologiese belydenis van die oer-Christendom het nie, naamlik die paasgebeure. Schmithals (1972b:77) wil kerk en teologie aanmoedig om hierdie oorsprong in gedagte te hou en om goed te besef dat die Christus-.

  17. DIE SAW SE ROL IN SWA

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    wei die verdediging van die landsgrense teen 'n vyand wat die orde, gesag, vrede, stabiliteit en welvaart in Suidwes-Afrika en die Republiek van. Suid-Afrika wil vernietig. Hierdie oorlog moet nie ge'lsoleerd gesien word nie, maar in perspektief geplaas word teen die agtergrond van 'n nag groter konflik, naamlik die van die ...

  18. Die vrede van Münster / Westfale en die betekenis daarvan vir die ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    In die Suid-Afrikaanse kerkgeskiedenis egter is die Vrede van Münster as epogmakende gebeure tot dusver nie net in die algemeen verwaarloos nie, maar boonop is die direkte verband tussen hierdie sentrale historiese baken aan die een kant en aan die ander kant die vestiging van die VOC se verversingspos aan die ...

  19. Etíese perspektiewe vir die bantering van konflik in die mediese ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    mits versagtende omstandighede nie aangevoer kan word nie. Die howe oefen dan ook alleen sy regterlike funksie uit oor 'n konkrete geskil wat van daadwerklike belang vir die werklike partye is (Strauss 1982:14). Die hof laat hom lei deur die maatstaf van goeie sedes, die boni mores. Regter Mostert se verduideliking in ...

  20. gemeentegrense, nuwe gemeente ontwikkeling en kerkverband in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    verskille in bedieningsbehoeftes van lidmate wat om verskillende redes nie altyd bevredig kan word in die gemeente binne wie se grense hulle bly nie. Die afgelope paar jaar word dit egter ook ter sprake gebring met oog op die planting van nuwe gemeentes binne die grense van bestaande gemeentes in die lig van nuwe ...

  1. Die verifiëring, verfyning en toepassing van leksikografiese liniale ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Leksikografiese liniale vir Afrikaans en die Afrikatale is 'n dekade oud en word algemeen gebruik in die samestelling van woordeboeke. Die samestellers het dit tot dusver nie nodig geag om hierdie liniale te verifieer of te verfyn nie. Kritiek is egter uitgespreek op die samestelling van die Afrikaanse Liniaal en dit word in ...

  2. 0007. SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY BUILDINGS PHOTOGRAPHED ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hierdie baie interessante tema grootliks onontgin gelaat. In der waarheid word die informasie s6 oppervlakkig aangebied dat hy werklik nie veel navorsing kon gedoen het nie. Die indeling isook onbevredigend - dit sou na my menlng beter wees om al die geboue van een area saam te groepeer en af te handel voordat na.

  3. Dogmatiek en Christelike Etiek binne die Fakulteit Teologie (Afd A ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    their influence on the study of Dogmatics and Ethics in the Department. The article concludes with a vision for ... heid door systematische ordening' (Berkhof 1982:14) aan die een kant en om diens aan die kerklike verkondiging aan die ander kant gaan, sal bogenoemde twee sake beslis nie uit die cog verloor kan word nie.

  4. A. S. G O. C ullmann , Der Staat im Neuen Testament. J. C . B. Mohr ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    Dit is nietemin nie die eerste maal dat Cullmann oor die onderwerp skryf nie. Vroeër het daar reeds van hom verskyn, Konigsherrschaft. Christ und Kirche im Neuen Testament, en effens later, Die ersten christliche. Qlaubensbekenntnisse en betreklik onlangs, Christus und die Zeit. In al hierdie werke raak hy fasette van die ...

  5. GE~L ~4J SIR HE~R Y TI~SO~ LUKI~

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    fell to the lot of man.'~l. In die Kaapkolonie was voortdurende kontak met Bantoestamme wat nie altyd vriendelik gesind was nie, onvermydelik. Omdat die getalle van die CMR aan die grens te klein was om veiligheid teen vyandelikhede te ver- seker, moes hul altyd slaggereed wees. Een- maal het Lukin in 'n wapenskou ...

  6. Die huwelik in die eerste-eeuse Mediterreense wêreld (III): Jesus en ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    p1243322

    30 Jan 2007 ... description of what marriage, betrothal, adultery, divorce and ..... egbreuk teen wie? Wanneer daar in ag geneem word dat 'n man in die eerste- eeuse Mediterreense wêreld nie egbreuk teenoor sy vrou kon pleeg nie (kyk ... volg egbreuk teen die vrou in die huwelik beteken – al het die vrou owerspel.

  7. Die maak van ’n kies-jou-eie-avontuur-boek

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Preller

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available ’n Kies-jou-eie-avontuur-boek het nie ’n hoofkarakter nie. Jy die leser, is die hoofkarakter in die boek. Die boek is dus in die tweede persoon geskryf. Alles wat gebeur, gebeur met jou. Jy, die leser, word op spesifieke plekke in die boek voor ’n keuse gestel.

  8. Universitêre Musiekstudie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. J.A. Van der Walt

    1964-03-01

    Full Text Available Soos taamlik algemeen bekend, is die propedeutiese studie vir teologie, filosofie en medisyne aan die Middeleeuse universiteit georganiseer in die facultas ar- tium. Hierdie fakulteit, die voorganger van die huidige fakul- teit Lettere en Wysbegeerte, het die sogenaamde artes liberates of sewe vrye kunste omvat. Die artes liberates het in algemene sin die kennis ingehou wat as essensieel beskou is in die Antieke en Middeleeuse opvoeding van die vry burger, in teenstelling met die meestal meganiese bedrywighede van die slawe en lyfeienes. Die sewe vrye kunste het bestaan uit die drie taalkundige dissiplines van die Trivium, nl. gram- matika, dialektiek en retoriek, en die vier matematiese dissi­ plines van die Quadrivium, nl. geometrie, aritmetika, astrono- mie en musiek. Die woord „ars” moet hier nie as 'n sinoniem van die modeme begrip „kuns” verstaan word nie, aangesien onder „ars” in die Antieke en Middeleeue nie in die eerste plek die tegniese beheersing van die verskillende dissiplines ver­ staan is nie, maar eerder die wetenskaplike ondersoek en geestelike deurvorsing van hulle wese en opvoedkundige waarde.

  9. Verskuiwing in die moraal?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S.P. van der Walt

    1974-03-01

    Full Text Available Modewoorde het ons deesdae oorgenoeg in die Christelike sedeleer en hulle kan nogal verwarring stig. U moet my vergun om met u te spreek oor een so ’n modewoord nl „verskuiwing’’ in die moraal. Dis nogal ’n mooi woord, wat so dikwels gebruik word op baie terreine en tog meer wil aandui as maar net ’n veranderde sienswyse, ’n wysiging in opvattinge of nuwe riglyne wat al gangbaar geword het in die praktyk. Die begrip wil eintlik die ewolusionêre gang beklemtoon, want dit is dan eintlik net die ou norme wat effens anders bekyk word of nie meer so nou geneem of dik onderstreep word nie. Die verskuiwing beteken dan dat alles nog dieselfde bly, net die posisie of plek het verander. Verskuiwing beteken tog plekverandering of plekwisseling en dan sekerlik nie in die sin dat die plekke ver uitmekaar lê nie. Verskuiwing beteken net maar vlak langs die vorige te staan kom. As dit dan ’n beter plek is, is dit ewolusie, ontwikkeling, verbetering.

  10. Kategismusprediking

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. C. W. Duvenage

    1958-03-01

    Full Text Available Ek is gevra om te skryf oor Kategismusprediking. Aan die een kant is dit 'n maklike taak, omdat daar so baie aspekte van die onderwerp is wat voor die hand liggend is. Ons het immers as predikante in die Gereformeerde Kerk almal naasteby 52 maal in ’n jaar te doen met Kategismusprediking, en uit eie ervaring sowel as uit ons kennis van die Homiletiek is dit seker nie vir my moeilik om so ’n artikel te skryf nie. Aan die ander kant is dit tog ook weer ’n ontsaglik moeilike taak. Rede hiervoor is eintlik dieselfde — vele van die lesers weet self soveel van die onderwerp dat dit moeilik sal gaan om dit vir hulle aantreklik en smaakvol te behandel. Maar verder is dit ook moeilik omdat daar tog in ons Kerk ’n ingrypende verskil van opinie bestaan ten aansien van die metode van Kategismusprediking. Hierdie verskil van opinie vind ons nie maar net by lidmate nie, maar ook en veral by predikante en selfs by professore aan ons Teologiese Skool.

  11. Neurospora ribosomal DNA sequences are indistinguishable within cell types but distinguishable among heterothallic species

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chambers, C.; Dutta, S.K.

    1983-01-01

    High molecular nuclear DNAs were isolated from three developmental cell types of N. crassa: conidia, mycelia and germinated conidia, and from mycelial cells of two other heterothallic species, N. intermedia and N. sitophila. These nuclear DNAs were treated with several restriction enzymes: EcoR1, Bam H1, Hind III, Hinc II, Bgl II, Sma I and Pst 1. All seven restriction enzymes were tested on 0.7% agarose gels. EcoR1, Hind III, Pst 1, and Hinc II showed band differences among the species, but not among the cell types. Southern blot transfers of restricted DNA gels were then hybridized with 32 P-labelled pMF2 rDNAs (probe). This later DNA was prepared from N. crassa rDNA cloned into pBR322 plasmid, obtained from Dr. Robert Metzenberg of the University of Wisconsin. Autoradiograms of these hybrids between southern blots and probe DNA revealed similar rDNA band patterns confirming the observations on restriction gels. In the case of EcoR1 restriction analysis there were differences in fragments on 0.7% agarose gel, but after hybridization of southern blots no differences in band patterns were seen in autoradiograms. This raises the question whether the background bands were all of rDNA sequences. These studies are being continued using ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences of N. crassa rDNAs cloned in pBR322 plasmid

  12. Mating-type genes from the homothallic fungus Sordaria macrospora are functionally expressed in a heterothallic ascomycete.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pöggeler, S; Risch, S; Kück, U; Osiewacz, H D

    1997-10-01

    Homokaryons from the homothallic ascomycte Sordaria macrospora are able to enter the sexual pathway and to form fertile fruiting bodies. To analyze the molecular basis of homothallism and to elucidate the role of mating-products during fruiting body development, we cloned and sequenced the entire S. macrospora mating-type locus. Comparison of the Sordaria mating-type locus with mating-type idiomorphs from the heterothallic ascomycetes Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina revealed that sequences from both idiomorphs (A/a and mat-/mat+, respectively) are contiguous in S. macrospora. DNA sequencing of the S. macrospora mating-type region allowed the identification of four open reading frames (ORFs), which were termed Smt-a1, SmtA-1, SmtA-2 and SmtA-3. While Smt-a1, SmtA-1, and SmtA-2 show strong sequence similarities with the corresponding N. crassa mating-type ORFs, SmtA-3 has a chimeric character. It comprises sequences that are similar to the A and a mating-type idiomorph from N. crassa. To determine functionality of the S. macrospora mating-type genes, we show that all ORFs are transcriptionally expressed. Furthermore, we transformed the S. macrospora mating-type genes into mat- and mat+ strains of the closely related heterothallic fungus P. anserina. The transformation experiments show that mating-type genes from S. macrospora induce fruiting body formation in P. anserina.

  13. Array based Discovery of Aptamer Pairs (Open Access Publisher’s Version)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-12-11

    Array-based Discovery of Aptamer Pairs Minseon Cho,†,‡ Seung Soo Oh,‡ Jeff Nie,§ Ron Stewart,§ Monte J. Radeke,⊥ Michael Eisenstein ,†,‡ Peter J...ac504076k | Anal. Chem. 2015, 87, 821−828827 (24) Cho, M.; Oh, S. S.; Nie, J.; Stewart, R.; Eisenstein , M.; Chambers, J.; Marth, J. D.; Walker, F

  14. ONDERHOUD MET EDWIN ARRISON1

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    So ons het daardie week gehad, en in daardie week het daar 'n hele klompie goed gebeur waarvan ek heeltemal onbewus was. Byvoorbeeld, ek het skielik daardie week besef iemand soos Jeremiah. Wright kom na die konferensie toe. Ek weet nie of jy vir Jeremiah Wright ken nie, maar hy was Barack Obama se pastoor ...

  15. Die barmhartige Samaritaan: 'n Preekskets van Lukas 10: 25—37*^

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    1.2 Die verklaring vir hierdie redaksionele tendens lê nie in 'n oer-. Christelike Kommunisme nie, maar daarin dat Lukas aan 'n ver- volgde gemeente skryf. Gelowiges is in hierdie tyd aanvanklik met konfiskasie van hul besittings en uiteindelik met die dood gestraf. Die vonnis het in groot mate van die amptenare se oordeel ...

  16. 16 Tribute Willemse_Brink WEB 03.pmd

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Owner

    Ek het die opdrag om oor André P. Brink en ideologie te praat.1 Met ideologie verstaan ons gewoonlik die idees, of die belange en waardes waarmee elkeen van ons, of die groepe waarin ons ons bevind, ons wêreld beding. Ons waardeoordele en oortuiginge is nie uitermate individueel nie; in 'n sin is daar 'n historiese ...

  17. Lifetime meat production from six different F1 crossbred ewes ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Die FL x M was die doeltreffendste kruising gevolg deur die T x M, BL x M, C x M, BdM x M en ML x M. Die resultate dui aan dat grootte en individuele komponente van produktiwiteit nie 'n getroue weergawe van totale produksie of doeltreffendheid van produksie is nie. Keywords: Crossbreeding, growth, reproduction, sheep ...

  18. OOR DIE METODE VAN ONS KERKGESKIEDSKRYWING EN OOR ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    ... oor dieselfde saak bestaan albei se uitsprake in ag te neem'). Die skrywer verwyt prof. Engelbrecht dat hy hom nie hieraan gehou het nie omdat hy alleen vermeld dat die Hervormde Kerk met die koms van Jan van Riebeeck aan die. Kaap geplant is en verswyg dat „Gereformeerd" ook sy intrede hiermee. *) a.ic., bts. 6v.

  19. Markus 16:1-8 in die konteks van 'n konstniksie van die Markaanse ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Aangesien ons in die geval van Markus nie oor 'n voorhande bron ter ... geringgeskat word wanneer ons ons die Markaanse gemeentekonteks probeer voorstel nie. Linnemann suggests ... that there must be some control exercised over ..... ëaxai náuxa)v ëaxaxoq Kai návxioi' 8i0kovo(; (Mark 9: 35), dit wil sê as mens.

  20. The day Madiba died

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    8 Apr 2016 ... shibien en ma is nie happy nie. Susan Gaigher se allegoriese fanta- sie- oftewel wetenskapsfiksieverhale. “Martine se teepot” (46–55) en “Maslow”. (56–67) is verfrissend. Gaigher is een van die min skrywers in die bundel wat 'n kenmerkende en oorspronklike stem laat klink. 'n Mens sal 'n Gaigher-verhaal.

  1. Drie nuwe verklaringsopsies in die Jakobusbrief (Jak 2:1, 4: 5; 5: 6)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    van die bogenoemde drie verse in Jakobus het daar in die onlangse navorsing wel ..... schengeist — das ist der Sinn des Zitats' (1921: 268, 1976: 224). Calvyn ... liefde van God (vgl Eks 20: 5, 34: 14; Deut 4: 24; Jos 24: 19; Jes 26: 11) word in die ... word, waarop nie 'n direkte Skrifaanhaling hoef te volg nie. Davids.

  2. Modus Operandi

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    27 Jan 1973 ... Bergh voorgestel, 'n voorafuitgewerkte rooster? Elke dokter behoort in hierdie opsig slaggereed te wees, en dit mag nie op 'n lukraak wyse gedoen word nie. Dit is 'n belangrike en selfs dringende taak wat die huisartse kan aanpak, om sulke roosters op te stel en dan deur middel van publi- kasies in die ...

  3. Health, well-being and wellness: An anthropological eco-systemic ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    wat in hierdie artikel aan die orde kom is of praktisyns in die veld van die gesondheidswetenskappe sedertdien daarin geslaag het om die oorgang na die aanbevole paradigma te maak. 'n Oorsig van die literatuur sedert 1982 toon dat die skuif nog nie regtig gemaak is nie. 'n Ander literatuuroorsig toon voorts dat die terme ...

  4. 'n Redaksionele voonvoord tot die Hervorrade Teologiese Studies ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Hy is nie net 'n geëerde oud-redaksielid nie, maar was self vanaf 1957 tot 1971 verantwoordelik vir die versorging van die tydskrif en het ook vanaf 1982 tot 1985 as redaksiesekretaris opgetree. Hierbenewens is prof Pont dié medewerker wat verreweg die meeste artikels in HTS laat publiseer het, te wete ses en sestig tot ...

  5. Press Liaison Committees

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    19 Jun 1971 ... Soos duidelik blyk uit advertensies vir ambulansposte is dit beslis nie op die oomblik die geval nie. Een munisipaliteit verlang 'n standerd 7-sertifikaat en bied dan slegs. R1 860 aan as aanvangsalaris indien die kandidaat tussen 20 en 24 jaar oud is. Daar sal seker diegene wees wat aansoek doen en wat ...

  6. klanke, voëlgeluide en musiek in die digkuns van Lina Spies

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    27 Jan 2006 ... 1999: 11-23), maak Spies self ook nie melding van musiek as tema nie; sy noem die. Afrikaanse digteres se “siening van die natuur, die religie, die politiek, medekunste- naars, verwantskap, digterskap” (Spies 1999: 22). Maar die digter verklaar in 'n onder- houd (Spies 2004b) dat sy drie groot passies het: ...

  7. 4 UIE ROL V4

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    oefening vir Operasie Bonus, nie onmoontlik kort nie.lO. Die ver~terkings wat vir Indie bestem was en vanaf Brittanje om die Kaap na Indie op pad was, sou tydelik vir die besetting van Diego. Suarez ingespan word, maar moes so gou moontlik na die besetting deur garnisoen- troepe wat deels uit Suid-Afrika moes kom,.

  8. PORTUGAL'S WAR IN ANGOLA 1961 - 1974

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Soos die skrywer self verklaor, het hierdie studie met die toekoms te make, maar door is baie oor die verlede daarin omdat enige skema of plan of oplossing vir 'n probleem min kans op sukseshet as dit die lesse van die verlede nie in aanmerking neem nie. Hy begin dus sy studie met 'n filosofiese betoog oor wat isoorlog?

  9. Simon van der Stel en Constantia sal in my gedagtes bly. Die ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Simon van der Stel en Constantia sal in my gedagtes bly. Die byfigure sal nie vervaag nie en bo dit alles is, vir almal wat in die boeien- de verhaal 'n rol speel, die vraag aangaande die lotsbestemming van die mens gestel, 'n vraag waarop die skrywer Monica Dacosta laat antwoord: "Dutchmen never speak about destiny" [ ...

  10. Die skrywer. Esta Steyn. Kaapstad: Tafelberg, 2012. 214 pp. ISBN ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ningsromans in Duits, is die Christelike ele- mente en die humor. Die straatslim Anabella wat twee plaaswerkers aansê om nie die Here se naam te misbruik nie, toon kenmerke van die heldin in 'n Afrikaanse liefdesverhaal. Hierdie roman sal byval vind by lesers wat. Esta Steyn se vorige romans geniet het. Die humor in die ...

  11. Die wonders in Johannes 6 verklaar aan die hand van 'n ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Maar die Evangelie van Johannes gee self 'n aanduiding van wat die intensie van die geskrif is, te wete Johannes 20: 30-31: Jesus het nog baie ander wondertekens, wat nie in hierdie boek beskrywe is nie, voor sy dissipels gedoen. Maar hierdie wonder tekens is beskrywe sodat julle kan glo dat Jesus die Christus is, die.

  12. Rudolf Bultmann se verstaan van vryheid

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    12 Jun 2015 ... Om die verskil in menslike selfverstaan te verduidelik, begin. Bultmann ([1959] 1975:43) met die menings van die filosoof. Anaxagoras. Op die vraag hoekom dit beter is om gebore te wees as om nie gebore te wees nie, sê hy: ''n Mens is gebore om die hemel en die kosmos omvattende orde te aanskou'.

  13. Nie waar nie?� Opmerkinge oor geloofservaring, dogma en die (eskatologiese aard van teologiese besinning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D P Veldsman

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available �Not true?� Remarks on the experience of faith, dogma and the (eschatological nature of theological reflection�Not true?� is a characteristic saying of Conrad Wethmar. In this article of appreciation for his academic contribution, this saying as a �polite questioning and affirmation� (as I understand it, is explored within the context of viewpoints on the experience of faith and in reference to his understanding of dogma in order to highlight the way in which this saying actually gives expression to his understanding of the nature of theological reflection.

  14. Characterization of bud emergence 46 (BEM46) protein: Sequence, structural, phylogenetic and subcellular localization analyses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kumar, Abhishek; Kollath-Leiß, Krisztina; Kempken, Frank

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •All eukaryotes have at least a single copy of a bem46 ortholog. •The catalytic triad of BEM46 is illustrated using sequence and structural analysis. •We identified indels in the conserved domain of BEM46 protein. •Localization studies of BEM46 protein were carried out using GFP-fusion tagging. -- Abstract: The bud emergence 46 (BEM46) protein from Neurospora crassa belongs to the α/β-hydrolase superfamily. Recently, we have reported that the BEM46 protein is localized in the perinuclear ER and also forms spots close by the plasma membrane. The protein appears to be required for cell type-specific polarity formation in N. crassa. Furthermore, initial studies suggested that the BEM46 amino acid sequence is conserved in eukaryotes and is considered to be one of the widespread conserved “known unknown” eukaryotic genes. This warrants for a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of this superfamily to unravel origin and molecular evolution of these genes in different eukaryotes. Herein, we observe that all eukaryotes have at least a single copy of a bem46 ortholog. Upon scanning of these proteins in various genomes, we find that there are expansions leading into several paralogs in vertebrates. Usingcomparative genomic analyses, we identified insertion/deletions (indels) in the conserved domain of BEM46 protein, which allow to differentiate fungal classes such as ascomycetes from basidiomycetes. We also find that exonic indels are able to differentiate BEM46 homologs of different eukaryotic lineage. Furthermore, we unravel that BEM46 protein from N. crassa possess a novel endoplasmic-retention signal (PEKK) using GFP-fusion tagging experiments. We propose that three residues namely a serine 188S, a histidine 292H and an aspartic acid 262D are most critical residues, forming a catalytic triad in BEM46 protein from N. crassa. We carried out a comprehensive study on bem46 genes from a molecular evolution perspective with combination of functional

  15. Characterization of bud emergence 46 (BEM46) protein: Sequence, structural, phylogenetic and subcellular localization analyses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kumar, Abhishek; Kollath-Leiß, Krisztina; Kempken, Frank, E-mail: fkempken@bot.uni-kiel.de

    2013-08-30

    Highlights: •All eukaryotes have at least a single copy of a bem46 ortholog. •The catalytic triad of BEM46 is illustrated using sequence and structural analysis. •We identified indels in the conserved domain of BEM46 protein. •Localization studies of BEM46 protein were carried out using GFP-fusion tagging. -- Abstract: The bud emergence 46 (BEM46) protein from Neurospora crassa belongs to the α/β-hydrolase superfamily. Recently, we have reported that the BEM46 protein is localized in the perinuclear ER and also forms spots close by the plasma membrane. The protein appears to be required for cell type-specific polarity formation in N. crassa. Furthermore, initial studies suggested that the BEM46 amino acid sequence is conserved in eukaryotes and is considered to be one of the widespread conserved “known unknown” eukaryotic genes. This warrants for a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of this superfamily to unravel origin and molecular evolution of these genes in different eukaryotes. Herein, we observe that all eukaryotes have at least a single copy of a bem46 ortholog. Upon scanning of these proteins in various genomes, we find that there are expansions leading into several paralogs in vertebrates. Usingcomparative genomic analyses, we identified insertion/deletions (indels) in the conserved domain of BEM46 protein, which allow to differentiate fungal classes such as ascomycetes from basidiomycetes. We also find that exonic indels are able to differentiate BEM46 homologs of different eukaryotic lineage. Furthermore, we unravel that BEM46 protein from N. crassa possess a novel endoplasmic-retention signal (PEKK) using GFP-fusion tagging experiments. We propose that three residues namely a serine 188S, a histidine 292H and an aspartic acid 262D are most critical residues, forming a catalytic triad in BEM46 protein from N. crassa. We carried out a comprehensive study on bem46 genes from a molecular evolution perspective with combination of functional

  16. Are new institutional economics enough? Promoting photovoltaics in India's agricultural sector

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radulovic, Verena

    2005-01-01

    Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology can bring emissions-free electricity to rural areas without access to the grid. Currently, policymakers are seeking ways to expand markets for off-grid PV from solar home systems to productive uses in order to enhance income generation and contribute to social development. This paper explores the role of the state in promoting such market growth. As a start, the state must improve institutions, thus echoing popular recommendations based in new institutional economic theory (NIE) that are currently touted by the World Bank and other large development agencies. Yet, NIE's framework may be insufficient because it fails to offer viable solutions to overcoming political barriers that contribute to technological path dependency. A case study in Punjab, India, where an agricultural PV water pumping program showed promising signs of successful market penetration in its first 3 years of operation, illustrates how the NIE's shortcomings manifest themselves in practice. The program was beginning to penetrate market entry for PV pumps via competition between PV providers. However, the government of India achieved this feat by providing subsidies to wealthy farmers, a move that is frowned upon by the NIE school. Based on findings from the case study, states should look beyond NIE's framework to expand and improve PV markets in productive uses by accounting for political constraints, assessing how PV technology can improve development goals, and cultivating locally appropriate service delivery models

  17. Die verband tussen voeding en die leesprestasie van graad 4-leerders in Suid-Afrika: Bevindinge van prePIRLS 2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Surette van Staden

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Die effek van voeding op leerderprestasie was al die onderwerp van menige studie. Bewyse wat die oorsaaklike verhouding tussen voeding en prestasie staaf, bestaan egter nie. Op nasionale vlak belê die Departement van Basiese Onderwys tyd, moeite en geldelike hulpbronne in ’n Nasionale Skoolvoedingsprogram in ’n poging om die gesondheid van SuidAfrika se armste leerders te beskerm en om ’n bydrae tot hul opvoeding te maak. Teen hierdie agtergrond ondersoek die huidige studie patrone in die leesgeletterd van graad 4-leerlinge, wat geassosieer word met die response van onderwysers oor leerdervoeding, deur gebruik te maak van die Suid-Afrikaanse data van die Pre-Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (prePIRLS 2011. Volledige verslae van onderwysers oor die mate waartoe onderrig beϊnvloed word deur leerders se gebrek aan basiese voeding word aangebied, terwyl verslae van onderwysers volgens taalgroep ook oorweeg word in ’n poging om beter insig te verkry in patrone van prestasie op ’n gedisaggregeerde vlak. Resultate vir die huidige studie bevestig bestaande literatuur, naamlik dat ’n oorsaaklike verband tussen voeding en leesprestasie nie sonder twyfel vasgestel kan word nie. Nieteenstaande die gebrek aan oorsaaklike bewyse, behoort nasionale skoolvoedingsprogramme egter nie gediskrediteer of gestaak te word nie. Sulke programme kan moontlik juis van waarde wees wanneer realistiese doelwitte gestel word met die oog op verbeterde ondersteuning vir leerders.

  18. Neurospora tetrasperma crosses heterozygous for hybrid

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    nucleus stage that follows meiosis and apost-meiotic mitosis, and the ascospores that form in eight-spored asci are usually homokaryotic. We had previouslycreated novel TNt strains by introgressing four Neurospora crassa insertional ...

  19. Florística em um hectare de cerrado stricto sensu na ARIE - cerrado Pé-de-Gigante, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP

    OpenAIRE

    Weiser, Veridiana de Lara; Godoy, Silvana Aparecida Pires de

    2001-01-01

    Foi realizado um levantamento florístico em um ha de cerrado stricto sensu, na parte norte da ARIE - Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, São Paulo. Foram coletados 428 espécimes em fase reprodutiva, em vinte e cinco excursões de coleta, durante o período de novembro de 1996 a abril de 1998. A listagem florística obtida apresenta 141 espécies, distribuídas em 109 gêneros e 49 famílias. As famílias mais representativas foram: Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Malpighiaceae e Myrtaceae. A ...

  20. Determinação de compostos de massa molecular alta em folhas de plantas da Amazônia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siqueira Denilson Soares de

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The fractIons of dichloromethane extracts of leaves from andiroba (Carapa guianensis - Meliaceae, caapi (Banisteriopsis caapi - Malpighiaceae, cocoa (Theobroma cacao - Sterculiaceae, Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa - Lecytidaceae, cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum - Sterculiaceae, marupá (Simaruba amara - Simaroubaceae and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis - Euphorbiaceae, were analyzed by HT-HRGC and HT-HRGC-MS. Esters of homologous series of fatty acids and long chain alcohols, phytol, amyrines and tocopherols were characterized. The characterization of the compounds was based mainly in mass spectra data and in addition by usual spectrometric data (¹H and 13C NMR, IR.

  1. Neurospora tetrasperma crosses heterozygous for hybrid ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2017-02-10

    nucleus stage that follows meiosis and a post-meiotic mitosis, and the ascospores that form in eight-spored asci are usually homokaryotic. We had previously created novel TNt strains by introgressing four Neurospora crassa ...

  2. Fulltext PDF

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Unknown

    2001-08-07

    Aug 7, 2001 ... (RIP) in crosses with the wild-isolated Neurospora crassa strains. Sugartown and ..... and complementation by proteins chimeric for human lamin B receptor sequences. ... α-tomatine to sensitivity to the pea phytoalexin pisatin.

  3. die pers as bron oor die geskiedenis van die eerste vrydeidsoorlog

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    dood agv wonde wat hy tydens die slag opgedoen het. Dit was vir die Britse volk onaanvaarbaar dat slegs twee Boere gedood is nadat daar tussen. 20 000 en 30 000 rondtes op die Boere afgevuur is. Die pers kon net nie die ware syfers publiseer nie, want dit sou na 'n onwaarheid Iyk. Het die. Britse volk egter die Boere ...

  4. Gerhard Ebeling oor geloof

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    29 Jul 2016 ... oor die saak wat ter tafel is. Polemiek oor ander teoloë se standpunte vorm nie deel van Ebeling se werk nie en direkte teologiese debat met ander is skaars in sy oeuvre. Ebeling dink radikaal krities met 'n fyn hermeneutiese aanvoeling vir die lewe as denkkonteks eerder as dat hy die een of ander sisteem ...

  5. Ek wil hier graag van die geleentheid gebruik maak am die ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    die wildlewe am van die jagters nie eers mel- ding te maak nie en in Lucas se werk kan hulle ure van genot deurbring. Wat ons veral in Lucas se publikasie interes- seer is sy deelname aan die agste grensoor~' log (1850-1853), sy aantekeninge in verband met die slag by Berea (20 Oesember 1852) en sy indrukke van ...

  6. Ander lewens. 'n Roman in drie dele. André P. Brink. 2007 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Owner

    2 Jan 2009 ... de wat naas 'n werklikheid in die teks geplaas word sodat karakters kan ... wie hy nie kans gesien het om te trou nie, en. Lydia. Hy kan ... Soos die eerste ver- haal word hierdie man ook 'n vreemdeling vir homself, maar hy staan spesifiek uitgesonder as die Ander vir albei groepe in die restaurant tydens die ...

  7. ONS SUID-AFRIKAANSE KINDERHELDE

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Met die dat ons vanjaar Jeugjaar vier is dit nie onvanpas am ons geheue weer te verfris en terug te dink aan soveel kinders wat hulle le- wens vir volk en vaderland opgeoffer het nie. Vroeer in die Voortrekkertyd is iemand onder sestien jaar as 'n kind beskou. Seuns het sodra hulle 16 jaar oud geword het, in die au Trans-.

  8. E. S. M ulder . Ds. S. H oekstra , Het Boek Leviticus. J. H . Kok, N. V. ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    14:10 lees ons van een volkomen schaap van een jaar oud, Hoekstra omskryf dit as een een-jarig vrouwtjesschaap, die N.B.G. een eenjarige gave ooi. Soms kry ons minder juiste omskrywings b.v. in Lev. 26:13, waar sprake is nie van die verbreking van die juk soos die skrywer wil nie, maar van die jukskeie. Die inhoud ...

  9. combining ability of quality characteristics of wheat cultivars grown

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ACSS

    Genetic diversity among promising parents, F1 and F2 progeny can be combined for high quality characteristics through gene pyramiding. ... trouvée parmi les parents, les progégénies F1 et F2 pour toutes les caractéristiques. Dans la progénie F1, Wanda ..... Thus, both kinds of gene effects were important in controlling the.

  10. Paulus as vredemaker. Oor die resepsie van die Brief aan Filemon ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    7 Jul 2015 ... Inleiding. Die woord 'vrede' kom net een maal in die Filemonbrief voor, en wel in die aanhef van die brief. Kommentatore merk egter gereeld op dat 'n mens nie daaruit moet aflei dat dié begrip onbelangrik vir die verstaan van die brief is nie. Om een voorbeeld te noem: Barth en Blanke. (2002) skryf as volg:.

  11. Die invloed van sekere possleutelfaktore op werksprestasie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. Van Der M. Sieberhagen

    1976-11-01

    Full Text Available The relationship between 6 job "core dimensions" (variety, autonomy, task-identity, feedback, dealing with others and friendship opportunities and the total work performance of 93 employees was investigated. No significant correlations were obtained except for the core dimension "autonomy" (r = ,24, p is smaller than 0,05. No statistically significant improvement in predictory work performance could be accomplished by adding the remainder of the core dimensions. Opsomming Die verband tussen 6 possleutelfaktore (verskeidenheid, outonomie, taak-identiteit, terugvoering, skakeling met ander persone en die geleentheid tot vriendskapsverhoudinge en die totale werksprestasie van 93 werknemers, is ondersoek. Behalwe vir die sleutelfaktor outonomie (r=,24, p is kleiner as 0,05 is geen beduidende korrelasie gevind nie. Die oorblywende possleutelfaktore kon nie beduidend hierop verbeter nie.

  12. Zabytkowa architektura drewniana jako element zachowania walorów historycznych miast na Podlasiu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aleksander Owerczuk

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Miasta ulegają ciągłym przeobrażeniom. Nowy kształt urbanistyczny i nowa zabudowa wkraczają do dzielnic historycznych miast. Zachowana zabytkowa architektura przeważnie nie zawiera spektakularnych obiektów. Natomiast jako całość jest cennym świadkiem epoki. W miasteczkach nierzadko ważną rolę odgrywa zabudowa drewniana, chociaż przeważnie zachowana w szczątkowym stanie. Na Podlasiu duże nasycenie zabudową drewnianą było charakterystyczne dla małych miast. Jednym z nich jest Bielsk Podlaski. Na jego przykładzie zostanie omówiony problem zmiany dawnego charakteru miasta, którego ważnym elementem była architektura drewniana.

  13. Journal of Genetics, Volume 92, 2013

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Molecular adaptation within the coat protein-encoding gene of Tunisian almond ... Neurospora crassa ncs-1, mid-1 and nca-2 double-mutant phe- notypes suggest .... based NCII designs: a simulation study (Research article) 529. Li, Shujuan.

  14. Exploring the bio-psychosocial effects of renal replacement therapy amongst patients in a state hospital in South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Madhubala Kasiram

    2011-05-01

    Opsomming Hierdie artikel beskryf ‘n kwalitatiewe studie wat die bio-psigososiale effekte van niervervangingsterapie op pasiënte in ‘n staatshospitaal in Suid-Afrika ondersoek het. Die studie is gemotiveer deur die mate van debiliteit van pasiënte wat hemodialise (HD en kontinue ambulatoriese peritoneale dialise (KAPD ondergaan en wat oënskynlik verder strek as bloot die fisieke aspekte van die siekte en die behandeling daarvan. Respondente het bestaan uit ‘n klein groep HD- en KAPD-pasiënte. Deur ‘n onderhoudskedule as die navorsingsinstrument te gebruik, is ryk data onthul. Inhoudanalise en die redusering van data tot temas het die data-analise gefasiliteer. Alhoewel die studie nie kwantitatief was nie en vergelykende analise dus nie moontlik was nie, het temas van spanning onder die respondente voorgekom. Dit was duidelik uit die onderhoude met albei pasiëntgroepe en inhoudanalise dat die HD-groep meer bekommernis oor die graad van debiliteit en psigososiale stres getoon het as die KAPD-groep.Regeringsondersteuning vir holistiese nierbehandeling en versigtige samestelling van ‘n span sleutelrolspelers vir die vermindering van die erns en verreikende gevolge van HD en KAPD word voorgestel.

  15. Consumers' perceptions of personal decision-making: Its relation to cognitive dissonance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Brijball

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available The study assesses consumers' perceptions of their personal decision-making ability and process. The empirical analysis was undertaken on a sample of 200 new motor vehicle consumers. The results indicate that the majority of the consumers displayed confidence in the decisions they took, believing they engaged in high quality and correct decision-making and were able to conclude good deals. The majority of consumers indicated that they were not influenced by external others and were not anxious during decision-making, although a significant percentage reported the impact of external influence and anxiety during purchases. Opsomming In hierdie studie word verbruikers se waameming van hulle eie besluitnemingsvermoe en proses geevalueer. Die empiriese ontleding is uitgevoer op n steekproefvan 200 eienaars van nuwe voertuie. Dit blyk uit die resultate, dat die meerderheid verbruikers vertroue gehad het in hulle besluitnemingsproses, dat hulle besluite korrek was en dat hulle n lonende transaksie beklink het. Die meerderheid het aangedui dat hulle nie beihvloed is deur eksteme invloede nie en dat hulle nie anstig was tydens die besluitnemingsproses nie, alhoewel n betekenisvolle persentasie van verbruikers wel hierdie invloede en angstigheid gedurende die aankoop ervaar het.

  16. Die Voortrekker-Monument

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerard Moerdyk

    1938-03-01

    Full Text Available Die Eeufeesjaar is vir die Afrikaner ’n tydperk van besieling. Nog nooit sedert die ontstaan van ons volk het een enkele gebeurtenis soveel nasietrots gewek as die honderdjarige herdenking van die Groot Trek. Vir die eerste keer in ons geskiedenis voel ons ons nie meer Kapenaars, Vrystaters, Natalers, en Transvalers nie, maar Afrikaners, saamgesnoer deur die tradisies van ’n selfstandige kultuurvolk. Wanneer die klimaks van die Ossewatrek met die hocksteenlegging van die Voortrekker-Monument bereik word, sal die besieling nie uitsterf nie, die krag wat geskep is sal bly voortgroei tot ’n onweerstaanbare mag. Die Afrikaner sal homself vind, en as die Monument na sowat vyf jaar onthul word, sal die saad wat in hierdie jaar gesaai is, tot voile rypheid gekom het. Dan sal die Monument self tot die volk spreek; intussen egter, is dit wenslik, nee noodsaaklik selfs, om die Monument aan die Afrikaners te verklaar, om ‘n uiteensetting te gee van die noodsaaklikheid van so ’n Monument, sowel as om die motief te verduidelik wat as inspirasie gedien het vir die ontwerpdaar van.

  17. Statistical and extra-statistical considerations in differential item functioning analyses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. K. Huysamen

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available This article briefly describes the main procedures for performing differential item functioning (DIF analyses and points out some of the statistical and extra-statistical implications of these methods. Research findings on the sources of DIF, including those associated with translated tests, are reviewed. As DIF analyses are oblivious of correlations between a test and relevant criteria, the elimination of differentially functioning items does not necessarily improve predictive validity or reduce any predictive bias. The implications of the results of past DIF research for test development in the multilingual and multi-cultural South African society are considered. Opsomming Hierdie artikel beskryf kortliks die hoofprosedures vir die ontleding van differensiële itemfunksionering (DIF en verwys na sommige van die statistiese en buite-statistiese implikasies van hierdie metodes. ’n Oorsig word verskaf van navorsingsbevindings oor die bronne van DIF, insluitend dié by vertaalde toetse. Omdat DIF-ontledings nie die korrelasies tussen ’n toets en relevante kriteria in ag neem nie, sal die verwydering van differensieel-funksionerende items nie noodwendig voorspellingsgeldigheid verbeter of voorspellingsydigheid verminder nie. Die implikasies van vorige DIF-navorsingsbevindings vir toetsontwikkeling in die veeltalige en multikulturele Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap word oorweeg.

  18. Multielement analysis of rice flour-unpolished reference material by instrumental neutron activation analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Shogo; Hirai, Shoji

    1990-01-01

    Trace elements in NIES certified reference material No. 10-a∼10-c Rice Flour-Unpolished, prepared by the National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan (NIES), were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). A set of three samples with different Cd concentration levels was subjected to analyses. Portions of each sample (ca. 200∼1000 mg) were irradiated, either with thermal neutrons without cadmium filter or with epithermal neutrons with cadmium filter, in the Musashi Institute of Technology Research Reactor (MITRR). The activated samples were analyzed by the three methods; conventional γ-ray spectrometry using a coaxial Ge detector, anticoincidence counting spectrometry, and coincidence counting spectrometry using a coaxial Ge detector and a well type NaI(Tl) detector. Concentrations of 26∼28 elements were determined by these methods. The values obtained for many elements, except for Mg and K, were in good agreement with those of the NIES certified and reference. Concentrations of 10 elements (S, Sc, V, Ag, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Sm, Th), whose certified or reference values are not available from NIES, were also determined in this work. (author)

  19. Experimental intoxication of pregnant goats with Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae Intoxicação experimental por Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae em cabras gestantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.M. Melo

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available Green leaves of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss were fed to pregnant goats from day 35 of pregnancy. Five goats received 10g/kgBW (group I, five received 20g/kgBW (group II and five were used as control (group III, and received only hay, fresh grass and commercial ration. All animals were clinically examined daily and submitted to ultrasonography every three days. Fetal death and vulvar catarrhal discharge with subsequent abortion were observed at the end of the second month of pregnancy in group II and at the third month of pregnancy in group I. Animals from groups I and II were slaughtered after abortion and necropsied. Goats from the control group were necropsied at the same time. The main lesions in the aborted goats were focal placentitis with early involution (apoptosis and placentary coagulation necrosis, acute focal endometritis and vulvo-vaginal petechiae. All aborted fetuses were underdeveloped when compared to control fetuses, probably due to fetal malnutrition, since no congenital malformations could be noted. The majority of aborted fetuses showed some degree of autolysis, as fetal death occurred five and three days before abortion, in groups I and II, respectively. The most remarkable fetal lesions were focal or diffuse hemorrhages in the skin, meninges and visceral serosae.Com o objetivo de investigar a toxicidade da Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss. foram utilizadas 15 cabras gestantes, divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos (GI, GII e GIII com cinco animais cada. Após estabelecer o diagnóstico de gestação no tempo médio de 35 dias, eram oferecidas diariamente doses de 10 e 20g/kg PV das folhas (jovens e maduras de Tetrapterys multiglandulosa para os grupos I e II, respectivamente, junto ao capim picado, feno e concentrado. Para o grupo III, usado como controle, foram fornecidos somente capim picado, feno e concentrado. Todos os animais foram submetidos a exames clínicos diários e a ultra-sonografia a cada três dias. Foi detectada por ultra-sonografia morte fetal e, ao exame clínico, presença de secreção vaginal com subseqüente aborto. Os animais dos grupos I e II (tradados abortaram no terceiro e no final do segundo mês de gestação, respectivamente, e juntos com os do grupo III (controle foram sacrificados e submetidos a exames anátomo-histopatológicos. Pela histopatologia observou-se placentite focal com grande quantidade de células trofoblásticas binucleadas em apoptose, além de endometrite focal aguda e petéquias vulvo-vaginais. Todos os fetos abortados estavam subdesenvolvidos quando comparados com os fetos do grupo III (controle devido à malnutrição, pois nenhum defeito congênito pôde ser notado. Vários fetos abortados mostravam alguma autólise, pois sua morte precedia em cinco e três dias o aborto, nos tratamentos I e II, respectivamente. As lesões fetais observadas foram hemorragias difusas ou focais na pele, meninges e serosa visceral.

  20. Sistema de polinização e reprodução de Byrsonima sericea DC (Malpighiaceae Pollination and reproductive system of Byrsonima sericea DC (Malpighiaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Almeida Gomes Teixeira

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available A polinização, o sistema reprodutivo e a fenologia de floração de Byrsonima sericea, foram estudados no período de outubro/1997 a fevereiro/1998 na Reserva Ecológica de Dois Irmãos, Recife (PE. Byrsonima sericea possui porte arbóreo (3 a 20m, com período de floração de outubro a fevereiro. As flores são hermafroditas, zigomorfas, agrupadas em inflorescências do tipo racemo terminal. A corola é amarela e possui cinco pétalas unguiculadas, sendo a superior modificada em forma de estandarte. O cálice é formado por cinco sépalas com dez glândulas epiteliais produtoras de óleo, os elaióforos. Em alguns indivíduos essas glândulas são ausentes. O androceu é formado por dez estames, com anteras rimosas e deiscência ocorrendo em fase de pré-antese floral. A viabilidade dos grãos de pólen foi de 93,3% e 98,3%, em indivíduos com e sem elaióforos, respectivamente, sendo o número de grãos de pólen por antera de 1.216,66 e 923,33 e a razão pólen/óvulo (P/O de 308.000 e 405.500. Como visitantes das flores, observaram-se abelhas pertencentes às famílias Anthophoridae (coletoras de óleo e pólen, Apidae e Halictidae (somente pólen. Baseando-se nas estratégias e recompensas florais (óleo e pólen, elevada razão P/O e, principalmente, na ausência de formação de frutos nos experimentos de autopolinização, conclui-se que esta espécie é xenógama.The pollination, the reproductive system and the flowering phenology of Byrsonima sericea DC. were studied from October/1997 to February/1998 in the Ecological Reserve of "Dois Irmãos", in Recife (PE. Byrsonima sericea is a woody species (3-20 m tall, flowering from October to February. The flowers are hermaphrodites, zygomorphic, arranged in terminal inflorescence, of the raceme type. The corolla is yellow and has five clawed and fringed petals. The superior one is modified as a flag. The calyx has five sepals with 10 elliptic epithelial oil glands, the elaiophores. In some individuals these elaiophores are absent. The androecium has 10 stamens, the anthers are rimoses and the dehiscence occurs at the pre-anthesis phase. Pollen viability was 93,3% and 98,3%, respectively to individuals with and without elaiophores, the number of pollen grains per anther was 1.216,66 and 923,33, and the pollen/ovule (P/O ratio was 308.000 and 405.500. Floral visitors were only female bees of the families Anthophoridae (that collected oil and pollen, Apidae and Halictidae (that collected only pollen. Based on the strategies and rewards (oil and pollen, the high P/O ratio, and mainly because of the absence of fruits from self-pollination tests, it is concluded that this species is xenogamic.

  1. Kaizen, áno či nie?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helena Vidová

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: Actual International economic situation brings continual changes. They press upon the business to behave rationally, to find the position and way of costs saving not to suffer the customer. The customer loss will show as smaller business incomes and lesser company investments. That is why Muda detecting and barriers removal in production process, logistics, and administration makes the ground of lean business management. Kaizen support it by sequential partial steps. Scientific aim: Scientific aim of this article is to introduce the academic audience one of the actual tool of waste finding. There were and there are too many approaches to raise the processes efficiency, e. g. reengineering, innovations but Kaizen brings us new view for making small systematic changes that could not be too sore and expensive. The second element of this paper was to observe the utilization of Kaizen in practice. Methodology/methods: The article captures some partial results of the questionnaire survey carried out as a verification of Kaizen and Lean logistics application in Slovak business. Within the questionnaire result qualification we were using the analysis and synthesis finding the real causes of mentioned answers. Finally we put the relative answers together into the group that brings us complete view of the Kaizen situation in industrial practice in Slovakia. Findings: The results of the questionnaire said that Kaizen is used only by 4% of respondents. 52% of them use some of Kaizen tools but 32% do not use them, at all. The most common tools mentioned in the survey ware check lists, histograms and Pareto chart. 72% of companies improve their processes 90% of the proposals are rewarded. There are mostly financial bonuses but also material ones. 36% of respondents have gained positive results and they continue the way of Kaizen utilisation and 44% of them do not evaluate results that show superficial task handling and lack of controlling. The businesses that gained positive results by Kaizen said that their efficiency and quality is risings, costs are saving, complaints are falling and the straightness at working places is growing. Conclusions: The companies that applied Kaizen gained positive results. The main risk and restriction is underrating small improvements by managers. They are oriented mostly to great changes. However, every improvement could not be economically and fairly valuable.

  2. II, Het Nieuwe Testament. JH Kok NV, Kampen 1957.

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    duivel „in een slang gevaren” tot die mens gekom het. Dis moontlik, maar 'n mens kan dit moeilik 'n „feit uit die Bybel” noem. So ook berus die Messiaanse interpretasie van Gen. 3:15 en 9:26 nie regstreeks op die woorde van d'e HeUige Skrif nie, maar op 'n bepaalde teologiese uitleg daarvan, 'n Ander voorbeeld van die ...

  3. A circadian rhythm regulating hyphal melanization in Cercospora kikuchii.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bluhm, Burton H; Burnham, A Michele; Dunkle, Larry D

    2010-01-01

    Many metabolic and developmental processes in fungi are controlled by biological rhythms. Circadian rhythms approximate a daily (24 h) cycle and have been thoroughly studied in the model fungus, Neurospora crassa. However relatively few examples of true circadian rhythms have been documented among other filamentous fungi. In this study we describe a circadian rhythm underlying hyphal melanization in Cercospora kikuchii, an important pathogen of soybean. After growth in light or light : dark cycles, colonies transferred to darkness produced zonate bands of melanized hyphae interspersed with bands of hyaline hyphae. Rhythmic production of bands was remarkably persistent in the absence of external cues, lasting at least 7 d after transfer to darkness, and was compensated over a range of temperatures. As in N. crassa, blue light but not red light was sufficient to entrain the circadian rhythm in C. kikuchii, and a putative ortholog of white collar-1, one of the genes required for light responses in N. crassa, was identified in C. kikuchii. Circadian regulation of melanization is conserved in other members of the genus: Similar rhythms were identified in another field isolate of C. kikuchii as well as field isolates of C. beticola and C. sorghi, but not in wild-type strains of C. zeae-maydis or C. zeina. This report represents the first documented circadian rhythm among Dothideomycete fungi and provides a new opportunity to dissect the molecular basis of circadian rhythms among filamentous fungi.

  4. Translation Initiation from Conserved Non-AUG Codons Provides Additional Layers of Regulation and Coding Capacity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivaylo P. Ivanov

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Neurospora crassa cpc-1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCN4 are homologs specifying transcription activators that drive the transcriptional response to amino acid limitation. The cpc-1 mRNA contains two upstream open reading frames (uORFs in its >700-nucleotide (nt 5′ leader, and its expression is controlled at the level of translation in response to amino acid starvation. We used N. crassa cell extracts and obtained data indicating that cpc-1 uORF1 and uORF2 are functionally analogous to GCN4 uORF1 and uORF4, respectively, in controlling translation. We also found that the 5′ region upstream of the main coding sequence of the cpc-1 mRNA extends for more than 700 nucleotides without any in-frame stop codon. For 100 cpc-1 homologs from Pezizomycotina and from selected Basidiomycota, 5′ conserved extensions of the CPC1 reading frame are also observed. Multiple non-AUG near-cognate codons (NCCs in the CPC1 reading frame upstream of uORF2, some deeply conserved, could potentially initiate translation. At least four NCCs initiated translation in vitro. In vivo data were consistent with initiation at NCCs to produce N-terminally extended N. crassa CPC1 isoforms. The pivotal role played by CPC1, combined with its translational regulation by uORFs and NCC utilization, underscores the emerging significance of noncanonical initiation events in controlling gene expression.

  5. Nurses' perceptions about Botswana patients' anti-retroviral therapy adherence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esther Kip

    2009-09-01

    Opsomming Anti-retrovirale middels (ARMs word gratis verskaf in Botswana. Lewenslange getroue nakoming van ARM voorskrifte is noodsaaklik om die pasiënt se algehele staat van welsyn te verbeter en om die ontwikkeling te voorkom van stamme van die menslike immuun-gebrek virus (MIV wat weerstand bied teen anti-retrovirale behandeling (ARB. Persone met ARB-weerstandbiedende MIV stamme kan dit versprei na ander mense toe, wat duurder ARB vereis met swakker gesondheidsuitkomste. Die doel van hierdie verkennende, beskrywende, kwalitatiewe studie was om te bepaal wat verpleegkundiges se sienings is oor pasiënte in Botswana se nakoming van ARB, en om faktore te identifiseer wat die ARB-nakoming kan bevorder of benadeel. Vier ARB terreine was ewekansig gekies en al 16 verpleegkundiges wat ARB dienste by die terreine verskaf, het deelgeneem aan semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Hierdie verleegkundiges het aangedui dat pasiënte se ARB handhawing beïnvloed word deur diens-verwante en pasiënt-verwante faktore. Diens-verwante faktore behels die ontoeganklikheid van ARB klinieke, beperkte kliniekure, gesondheidswerkers se onvermoë om in pasiënte se plaaslike tale te kommunikeer, lang wagtye by klinieke en vertragings om ingelig te word oor uitslae van CD4 en virale tellings. Verpleegkundiges kan nie pasiënte opvolg of telefonies kontak wat versuim om op te daag vir behandeling nie. Verpleegkundiges moet nagskofte werk wat pasiënt-verpleegkundige verhoudings onderbreek. Pasiënt-verwante faktore behels pasiënte se gebrekkige opvoeding, hulle onvermoë om die belangrikheid van uitslae van CD4 en virale tellings te verstaan, finansiële ontberinge, nie-openbaarmaking en nie-aanvaarding van hulle MIV positiewe status, alkohol misbruik, die gebruik van tradisionele medisynes en die newe-effekte van ARB. Die uitdagings van lewenslange ARB handhawing is veelsydig en behels beide pasiënt-verwante en diens-verwante faktore. Die verskaffing van gratis ARMs verseker nie ARB

  6. Die invloed van gesondheidsopvoeding op die prevalensie van skistosoombesmettings by leerders in ’n skistosoom - endemiese gebied in die Limpopoprovinsie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Corrie Wolmarans

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available In hierdie studie is geselekteerde direkte en indirekte onderrigmetodes geëvalueer ten opsigte vanhulle potensiaal om die prevalensie van skistosoombesmettings by skoolgaande kinders, woonagtigin ’n landelike omgewing in ’n skistosoom-endemiese gebied, te verlaag. Twee direkte (poppekas enblaaibord en drie indirekte (plakkaat, kennisgewingbord en onderrig via ouers of voogdeonderrigmetodes is geëvalueer.Skistosoombesmette leerders is met behulp van parasitologiese metodes geïdentifiseer en aan ’nvraelys in hul moerdertaal onderwerp om onder andere op hoogte van hulle kennis ten opsigte vanskistosomose te kom en te bepaal hoe die infrastruktuur tot hulle beskikking wat water en sanitasiebetref, daar uitsien. Leerders is met behulp van plaaslike gesondheidspersoneel vir die siekte behandelen daarna op verskeie geleenthede in samewerking met plaaslike onderwysers aan die verskillendeonderrigmetodes blootgestel.’n Aansienlike toename in die leerders se kennis aangaande skistosomose is reeds na die tweedeonderrigsessie waargeneem. Ten spyte van die feit dat die leerders in ’n skistosoom-endemiesegebied woonagtig was, het slegs 2% die siekte met ’n natuurlike waterhabitat soos ’n rivier geassosieer.Daar is verder gevind dat relevante amptelike strukture soos klinieke, geneeshere en skole byna geenrol speel in die verskaffing van inligting van wat die siekte behels en hoe dit oorgedra word nie.Betekenisvolle afnames in die kumulatiewe prevalensie van besmetting het by al die groepe, wat aandie onderskeie onderrigmetodes blootgestel was gedurende die ondersoek, voorgekom, wanneer ditmet die kontrolewaarde waar die leerders geen onderrig ontvang het nie, vergelyk is. Statistiesevergelykings tussen die verskillende onderrigmetodes het getoon dat die poppekas, blaaibord enplakkaat die effektiefste was om die prevalensie te verlaag, terwyl die gebruik van ouers of voogdedie minste effektief was. Alhoewel die kumulatiewe prevalensie van

  7. „To nie była Ameryka”. Z Michaelem Charlesem Steinlaufem rozmawia Elżbieta Janicka (Warszawa – Nowy Jork – Warszawa, 2014–2015

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elżbieta Janicka

    2016-01-01

    (1995, English edition 2005 as The Dybbuk and its eponymous stage adaptation by Krzysztof Warlikowski (2003. Looking beyond artistic convention, the interlocutors try to learn more about Michał himself. This is the first time the readers have an opportunity to see his photographs from the Warsaw Ghetto. The conversation is illustrated with numerous archival materials from periods before and after World War Two as well as from German-occupied Poland.   „To nie była Ameryka”. Z Michaelem Charlesem Steinlaufem rozmawia Elżbieta Janicka (Warszawa – Nowy Jork – Warszawa, 2014–2015 Urodzony w 1947 roku w Paryżu, Michael Charles Steinlauf opowiada o dzieciństwie spędzonym w Nowym Jorku, na południowym Brooklynie (Brighton Beach, w środowisku ocalałych z Zagłady polskich Żydów. Istotna część jego późniejszych doświadczeń związana była z amerykańską kontrkulturą, Nową Lewicą, studenckim ruchem antywojennym i antyrasistowskim lat sześćdziesiątych (Students for a Democratic Society, SDS oraz podziemiem antykapitalistycznym lat siedemdziesiątych („Sunfighter”, „No Separate Peace”. W latach osiemdziesiątych, w związku z podjęciem studiów judaistycznych na Brandeis University, Steinlauf przyjechał do Polski, gdzie stał się częścią środowiska opozycji demokratycznej, skupionego wokół Żydowskiego Uniwersytetu Latającego (ŻUL. W III RP miał swój udział w tworzeniu Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich w Warszawie. Zainteresowania badawcze Michaela C. Steinlaufa ogniskują się wokół twórczości Marka Arnsztejna (Andrzeja Marka, Jicchoka Lejbusza Pereca, teatru jidysz oraz polskich narracji o Zagładzie, którym poświęcił monografię Pamięć nieprzyswojona. Polska pamięć Zagłady (2001, pierwodruk angielski 1997 jako Bondage to the dead: Poland and the memory of the Holocaust. Ważną część rozmowy stanowi spór dotyczący kategorii opisu Zagłady, w tym koncepcji polskiego doświadczenia Zagłady jako traumy

  8. Fulltext PDF

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    PRAKASH KUMAR

    natural populations of Neurospora are prevailingly sexual, not clonal (Perkins and Turner ... attesting to conidia being a highly palatable food for mites. .... Lauter F-R and Russo V E A 1989 Fast light regulated genes of Neurospora crassa;.

  9. Die meting van neurolinguistiese programmering se verteenwoordigende stelsels: 'n Eksploratiewe studie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. C. Bester

    2000-06-01

    Opsomming 'n Oorsig van die Sielkunde-literatuur wys daarop dat verskeie outeurs saamstem oor die bestaan van Neurolinguistiese Programmering (NLP se verteenwoordigende stelsels. Tot onlangs toe is geen studie oor die bestaan van n omvattende meetinstrument vir NLP se verteenwoordigende stelsels in die literatuur gerapporteer nie. Die hoofdoel van die onderhawige studie was om vas te stel of dit wenslik is om NLP se verteenwoordigende stelsels met 'n omvattende normatiewe vraelys te meet. Drie konstrukte is voorveronderstel en 'n "Vraelys oor Sensoriese Modaliteite", bestaande uit 84 items, is gekonstrueer. Hierdie vraelys is afgeneem op studente (N=338 van drie verskillende tersiere instellings. hTweede faktorontleding op die 18 subtellings van n eerste faktorontleding, het twee faktore opgelewer wat nie die drie verteenwoordigende stelsels suiwer weergee nie. Die implikasies van hierdie bevindinge word bespreek.

  10. Factors Affecting The Retention Of Knowledge Workers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margie Sutherland

    2004-11-01

    Een van die eienskappe van kenniswerkers is hulle hoë vlak van mobiliteit. Die koste van arbeidsomset van hierdie sleutelbronne is hoog in beide finansiële en nie-finansiële terme. Daar bestaan dus ’n behoefte om die faktore wat onderliggend is aan die retensiekognisies van kenniswerkers te verstaan. Data is ingesamel van 306 kenniswerkers in voltydse diens wat ’n wye reeks demografiese groeperings verteenwoordig. Die resultate dui daarop dat werktevredenheid en organisasieverbondenheid nie die kenniswerkers se verwagte lengte van diens voorspel nie. Faktorontleding het sewe onderliggende dimensies van retensiekognisies blootgelê. ’n Bondelontleding het nege duidelike bondels van kenniswerkers ten opsigte van hulle retensiekognisies onderskei. Hoë vlakke van individualisme, behoefte aan uitdaging en fokus op persoonlike ontwikkeling is aangedui. Die implikasies van hierdie bevindinge word bespreek.

  11. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation challenges in selected Botswana hospitals: Nurse managers’ views

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lakshmi Rajeswaran

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Road traffic accident victims, as well as persons experiencing cardiac and other medical emergencies, might lose their lives due to the non-availability of trained personnel to provide effective cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR with functional equipment and adequate resources. The objectives of the study were to identify unit managers’ perceptions about challenges encountered when performing CPR interventions in the two referral public hospitals in Botswana. These results could be used to recommend more effective CPR strategies for Botswana’s hospitals. Interviews, comprising two quantitative sections with closed ended questions and one qualitative section with semi-structured questions, were conducted with 22 unit managers. The quantitative data indicated that all unit managers had at least eight years’ nursing experience, and could identify CPR shortcomings in their hospitals. Only one interviewee had never performed CPR. The qualitative data analysis revealed that the hospital units sometimes had too few staff members and did not have fully equipped emergency trolleys and/or equipment. No CPR teams and no CPR policies and guidelines existed. Nurses and doctors reportedly lacked CPR knowledge and skills. No debriefing services were provided after CPR encounters. The participating hospitals should address the following challenges that might affect CPR outcomes: shortages of staff, overpopulation of hospital units, shortcomings of the emergency trolleys and CPR equipment, absence of CPR policies and guidelines, absence of CPR teams, limited CPR competencies of doctors and nurses and the lack of debriefing sessions after CPR attempts. Die slagoffers van padongelukke, asook persone wat hart- en ander mediese noodtoestande ervaar, kan hulle lewens verloor omdat daar nie opgeleide personeel met funksionele toerusting en voldoende hulpbronne beskikbaar is om effektiewe kardiopulmonale resussitasie (KPR te doen nie. Die studie het ten doel

  12. ME O uwehand , Het groeiende kruis, GF Callenbach, Nijkerk, SJ ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Test

    de taal en gedagtes. Sagaria, die vader van die Doper, is eerste aan die woord. Hy ken die moderne digter Aafjes, en dis nie ver gesog nie want hy is self 'n digter of liewer het 'n ... Hy eindig, „Stel u voor, dat u in uw tijd weer de lof van God leerde ... het om met 'n man uit die geslag van Dawid te trou, om die moeder te.

  13. Study of the role of antimicrobial glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates in resistance of Arabidopsis to microbial pathogens.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tierens, K.F.; Thomma, B.P.; Brouwer, M.H.J.; Schmidt, J.; Kistner, K.; Porzel, A.; Mauch-Mani, B.; Cammue, B.P.; Broekaert, W.F.

    2001-01-01

    Crude aqueous extracts from Arabidopsis leaves were subjected to chromatographic separations, after which the different fractions were monitored for antimicrobial activity using the fungus Neurospora crassa as a test organism. Two major fractions were obtained that appeared to have the same

  14. to view fulltext PDF

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Prakash

    complexes in mouse, pollen killer in wheat, and female gamete eliminator in tomato ...... me to arrange our meeting in Hyderabad. He wrote – “I have learned ... fungus Neurospora crassa; Nature (London) 422 859–868. Gallegos A, Jacobson ...

  15. PcMtr, an aromatic and neutral aliphatic amino acid permease of Penicillium chrysogenum

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Trip, H; Evers, ME; Driessen, AJM

    2004-01-01

    The gene encoding an aromatic and neutral aliphatic amino acid permease of Penicillium chrysogenum was cloned, functionally expressed and characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae M4276. The permease, designated PcMtr, is structurally and functionally homologous to Mtr of Neurospora crassa, and

  16. A conceptual and empirical validation of the household lifecycle concept in South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Van Rooyen

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available The family life cycle theory was used in the research as a tool for segmenting markets and developing marketing strategy. Households are not always family based and can take the form of single households, same gender households, and cohabiter-type households, each displaying distinctly different consumption behaviours. The researchers investigated whether the household life cycle theory is a valuable basis for segmentation in the South African environment. The results indicated that although the household life cycle theory has proven useful in differentiating between households in their consumption behaviour, it should not be used exclusively in segmenting markets due to the high level of within-stage heterogeneity. Opsomming Die gesinslewensikluskonsep is as ’n hulpmiddel gebruik in marksegmentering om bemarkingstrategieë te ontwikkel. Huishoudings is egter nie altyd gesins-gebaseerd nie en kan bestaan uit enkel-, dieselde geslag-, en saamblyhuishoudings wat elkeen merkbare verskille kan toon ten opsigte van verbruikspatrone. Ondersoek is gedoen oor die huishoudingslewensiklusteorie as basis vir marksegmentering in die Suid-Afrikaanse omgewing. Die resultate dui daarop dat ofskoon die huishoudingslewensiklus bruikbaar is om tussen huishoudings te differensieer in terme van verbruiksgedrag, diè teorie nie uitsluitlik en in isolasie gebruik moet word nie vanweë die hoë vlak van binne-stadium verskillendheid.

  17. Oorlewing van die skerpioen Opistophthalmus pugnax (Scorpionidae ná blootstelling aan ’n letale dosis SO2-gas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Willie J. van Aardt

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Skerpioene is bekend vir hul aanpasbaarheid by toestande in ’n droë habitat, min voedsel en radioaktiewe bestraling. Niks is bekend oor hul aanpasbaarheid by skadelike gasse nie. Resultate van hierdie eksperiment by Opistophthalmus pugnax bewys dat hulle ’n hoë dosis van 1000 dele per miljoen SO2 kan oorleef wat nie die geval is by die mens nie. Byvoorbeeld, die suurstofverbruikskoers neem eerder toe van 4.16 µmol/g-1 uur-1 na 7.69 µmol/g-1uur-1, een uur ná blootstelling aan SO2. Veertig minute na blootstelling was die ṀO2 steeds bykans twee keer hoër in vergelyking met die ṀO2 aan die begin. Hierdie bevinding moet deur verdere eksperimente nagevors word, veral wat die rol van spirakulumsluiting speel by blootstelling aan SO2.

  18. A Circadian Rhythm Regulating Hyphal Melanization in Cercospora Kikuchii

    Science.gov (United States)

    Circadian rhythms, biochemical or developmental processes with a period length of approximately 24 hours, are thoroughly documented in plants and animals. However, virtually all of what is currently known about circadian rhythms in fungi is derived from the model fungus, Neurospora crassa, including...

  19. to view fulltext PDF

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2014-05-01

    May 1, 2014 ... 2012), S. pombe (Wood et al. 2012) and N. crassa ... Genome-wide expression analysis, followed by detection of. polyP levels by PAGE and ... growth defect and is unable to survive in minimal me- dium in the stationary phase ...

  20. Versoening tussen leerders: Is parallelmediumskole die antwoord op die rassismeprobleem?

    OpenAIRE

    Du Plessis, Elize; Marais, Petro

    2017-01-01

    Die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet stel dit duidelik dat enige vorm van diskriminasie nie toegelaat mag word nie. In ons skole beteken dit dat elke leerder ʼn reg het op goeie opvoeding en ʼn veilige skoolomgewing. Die fokus van hierdie navorsing is gerig op bestaande parallelmediumskole. Die uiteindelike vraagstuk is dus hoe multikulturele onderwys bevorder word en hoe rassisme aangespreek kan word? As teoretiese raamwerk is Kohlsberg se kognitiewe ontwikkelingsbenadering en Whitehouse se univerele ...

  1. Paleontologie en die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing vandag

    OpenAIRE

    Durand, JF

    2013-01-01

    Die huidige oënskynlike ondersteuning van paleontologie deur die regering en die insluiting en beklemtoning van evolusie in die skoolleerplan word bespreek in die lig van sekere politieke ontwikkelings wat oor die laaste twee dekades in Suid-Afrika plaasgevind het. Dit sluit die regering se ondersteuning van paleontologiese ontdekkings in die media, die ontwikkeling van fossielterreine en paleotoerisme in. Ondanks hierdie positiewe inisiatiewe gedy paleontologie nie in Suid-Afrika nie en is d...

  2. The childbirth and breastfeeding experiences of primigravidas who attended childbirth education classes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irmin B Segeel

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Knowledge brings with it power, confidence and courage. It is important to prepare for childbirth not only physically, but also emotionally and psychologically. Opsomming Kennis gaan gepaard met mag, selfvertroue en dapperheid. Dit is dus belangrik om nie net fisiek nie, maar ook emosioneel en sielkundig op die bevalling voor te berei. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

  3. Architektura neowernakularna – geneza. Od Erdmannsdorf do Pensjonatu „Maryja”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacek K. Knothe

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Na skraju architektury tworzonej przez architektów zawsze istniało zjawisko architektury ludowej. Stanowiło ono nie tyle przeciwieństwo architektury uznawanej za wybitną, co nurt architektury toczący się niezależnie własnym rytmem i życiem. Określa się je mianem wernakularnego, z łaciny „vernaculus” oznaczający „rodzimy, ojczysty”. Określenie to nie wyczerpuje jednak złożoności zjawiska; jest bowiem różnica pomiędzy architekturą wernakularną i samym zjawiskiem wernakularyzmu, a przede wszystkim neowernakularyzmem, czy też architekturą projektowaną współcześnie na tradycyjnych wzorcach, również nazywaną neowernakuarną. Uznaje się powszechnie, iż architektura wernakularna to „architektura bez architekta, anonimowa, powstająca bez projektu, wpisana w tradycję społeczności i będąca sumą doświadczeń budowlanych, funkcjonalnych i estetycznych przekazywanych z pokolenia na pokolenie”. Kwestią pozostaje, czy określenie „powstająca bez projektu” oznacza, iż powstała ona historycznie bez projektu co czyniłoby ją wernakularną, czy nadal współcześnie powstaje w taki sposób, co musi stanowić o jej neowernakularności. Polscy teoretycy i historycy architektury pojmują pojęcie architektury wernakularnej na różne sposoby; Adam Miłobędzki wskazuje na lokalną tradycję budowlaną i użycie miejscowych materiałów, a Joanna Fiett lokuje ją pomiędzy architekturą prymitywną a autorską, kładąc nacisk na aspekt powielania i odtwarzania pewnego pierwowzoru uznanego za dzieło sztuki. Żadne z tych autorów nie zajmuje się, a tym bardziej nie ocenia, wartości architektury neowernakularnej z uwzględnieniem jej wtórności, uznając ją za prawie równie autentyczną co jej wernakularny wzór. Architektura wernakularna – rdzenna, kopiując wzór historyczny postrzegany jako dzieło sztuki, sama jednak na takie miano nie zasługuje, tym bardziej więc na miano dzieła sztuki nie

  4. SAD-3, a Putative Helicase Required for Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA, Interacts with Other Components of the Silencing Machinery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hammond, Thomas M.; Xiao, Hua; Boone, Erin C.; Perdue, Tony D.; Pukkila, Patricia J.; Shiu, Patrick K. T.

    2011-01-01

    In Neurospora crassa, genes lacking a pairing partner during meiosis are suppressed by a process known as meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD). To identify novel MSUD components, we have developed a high-throughput reverse-genetic screen for use with the N. crassa knockout library. Here we describe the screening method and the characterization of a gene (sad-3) subsequently discovered. SAD-3 is a putative helicase required for MSUD and sexual spore production. It exists in a complex with other known MSUD proteins in the perinuclear region, a center for meiotic silencing activity. Orthologs of SAD-3 include Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hrr1, a helicase required for RNAi-induced heterochromatin formation. Both SAD-3 and Hrr1 interact with an RNA-directed RNA polymerase and an Argonaute, suggesting that certain aspects of silencing complex formation may be conserved between the two fungal species. PMID:22384347

  5. Development of CO2 inversion system based on the adjoint of the global coupled transport model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Belikov, Dmitry; Maksyutov, Shamil; Chevallier, Frederic; Kaminski, Thomas; Ganshin, Alexander; Blessing, Simon

    2014-05-01

    We present the development of an inverse modeling system employing an adjoint of the global coupled transport model consisting of the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Eulerian transport model (TM) and the Lagrangian plume diffusion model (LPDM) FLEXPART. NIES TM is a three-dimensional atmospheric transport model, which solves the continuity equation for a number of atmospheric tracers on a grid spanning the entire globe. Spatial discretization is based on a reduced latitude-longitude grid and a hybrid sigma-isentropic coordinate in the vertical. NIES TM uses a horizontal resolution of 2.5°×2.5°. However, to resolve synoptic-scale tracer distributions and to have the ability to optimize fluxes at resolutions of 0.5° and higher we coupled NIES TM with the Lagrangian model FLEXPART. The Lagrangian component of the forward and adjoint models uses precalculated responses of the observed concentration to the surface fluxes and 3-D concentrations field simulated with the FLEXPART model. NIES TM and FLEXPART are driven by JRA-25/JCDAS reanalysis dataset. Construction of the adjoint of the Lagrangian part is less complicated, as LPDMs calculate the sensitivity of measurements to the surrounding emissions field by tracking a large number of "particles" backwards in time. Developing of the adjoint to Eulerian part was performed with automatic differentiation tool the Transformation of Algorithms in Fortran (TAF) software (http://www.FastOpt.com). This method leads to the discrete adjoint of NIES TM. The main advantage of the discrete adjoint is that the resulting gradients of the numerical cost function are exact, even for nonlinear algorithms. The overall advantages of our method are that: 1. No code modification of Lagrangian model is required, making it applicable to combination of global NIES TM and any Lagrangian model; 2. Once run, the Lagrangian output can be applied to any chemically neutral gas; 3. High-resolution results can be obtained over

  6. The month of August - an Annales approach to the history of the Kowie: August 1881 to August 1914.

    OpenAIRE

    Hummel, H C

    1985-01-01

    • Opsomming: Die analities-historiese denkrigting in Frankryk, bekend as die Annalesskool, is deur Lucien Febvre en Marc Bloch tot stand gebring en meesterlik deur Fernand Braudel in sy klassieke werk oor die Middellandse Seegebied (1949) toegepas. Hierdie benadering geniet reeds wêreldwye aansien en navolging omdat dit die klem hoofsaaklik laat val op die soort geskiedenis wat nie op die tradisionele vlak of in gebaande weë lê nie. Gevolglik bied dit 'n uiters geskikte m...

  7. Neurological aspects of stuttering: summary overview of scientific findings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naudine Willemse

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this article is to provide a summary overview of some of the more important scientific evidence of neurological differences between stutterers and non-stutterers. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie artikel is om ‘n opsommende oorsig te bied van die belangrikste wetenskaplike bewyse vir neurologiese verskille tussen mense wat hakkel en mense wat nie hakkel nie. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

  8. Die owerheidsinmenging met betrekking tot kerklike tughandelinge.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Roeleveld

    1982-06-01

    Full Text Available Volgens art 29 NGB is die merktekens van die ware kerk die suiwere prediking van die Evangelie, die suiwere bediening van die Sakramente en die gebruik van die kerklike tug. Art. 32 NGB spreek uit dat die Kerkorde nie mag afwyk van wat Christus ingestel het nie. Menslike vindinge en wette om die gewetens te bind en te dwing, moet daarom verwerp word. Die ekskommunikasie of die ban moet toegepas word volgens die Woord van God.

  9. Swaarde wat in ploegskare verander, is nie vrede nie – Vrede (שָׁלֹום in Jesaja 40–66

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chris van der Walt

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Swords turning into ploughshares is not peace – Peace (שָׁלֹום in Isaiah 40−44. ‘Swords being turned into ploughshares’ are often portrayed as being tantamount to peace. Peace though has got a more extensive meaning than only the absence of war. Whilst war and destruction is on the forefront in Isaiah 1–39, the opposite is true in Isaiah 40–66. The intention of this article is therefore to demonstrate the extensive meaning of peace (שָׁלֹום as it unfolds as a motive in Isaiah 40–66. Because of a lack of space, only the first three passages directly mentioning שָׁלֹום [peace] will be discussed. Even though this discussion will be incomplete, it will reveal that peace is not part of man’s normal state, that not everyone will experience peace and that there is a direct link between peace and the rule of God.

  10. A consumer perspective of advertising by attorneys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Boshoff

    1991-06-01

    Full Text Available Attorneys in South Africa may soon be permitted to advertise their services for the first time. This recommendation put forward by the Association of Law Societies, though still to be ratified by the four provincial law societies, has come amid increasing competition between attorneys and non- professionals. The marketing fraternity is, however, uncertain as to how members of the public are likely to react to legal services advertising. This study attempts to provide some tentative guidelines for decision-making on advertising by attorneys. Interested parties like attorneys, marketing consultants, and advertising agencies could use the researched information to structure marketing communication strategies which will not transgress the ethical code of the attorneys' profession, but which will satisfy the information needs of consumers. The study reports the findings of a survey conducted among 1 000 members of the public. Indications are that consumers not only think that advertising should be permitted, but also that it will benefit both themselves and the legal profession. Opsomming Prokureurs mag moontlik binnekort toegelaat word om hul dienste te adverteer. Die aanbeveling van die Vereniging van Prokureursordes, wat nog deur die vier provinsiale wetsgenootskappe bekragtig moet word, is geneem as gevolg van toenemende mededinging tussen prokureurs en nie-professionele praktisyns. Bemarkingsdeskundiges is egter onseker oor wat die publiek se reaksie sal wees. Die studie poog om enkele tentatiewe riglyne voor te stel vir bemarkingskommunikasiestrategieë wat nie die regsprofessie se etiese kode sal oortree nie, maar tog voldoende inligting aan verbruikers sal beskikbaar stel. Die bevindinge van 'n opname onder 1 000 lede van die publiek dui daarop dat reklame nie alleen verwelkom sal word nie, maar dat dit moontlik tot voordeel van sowel die publiek as die regsprofessie sal strek.

  11. Kontinuïteit en diskontinuïteit in die fisika en biologie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danie F.M. Strauss

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Hoewel die mening van die klassieke fisici was dat die natuur geen spronge maak nie – dit is kontinu en oneindig verder verdeelbaar – sou die 20ste-eeuse fisici spoedig besef dat daar ondeelbare elementêre deeltjies (kwanta bestaan en dat die fisiese ruimte nie kontinu en derhalwe ook nie oneindig verder verdeelbaar is nie. Hierdie toedrag van sake word verder belig deur die dualiteit van golf en deeltjies. Selfs vir Einstein was die kontinuïteit van die mikrostruktuur van ‘space-time’ nog ’n ope vraag. Daarom kan die siening dat fisiese verskynsels letterlik kontinu is, bevraagteken word. Dit is daarom treffend dat die geskiedenis van die nadenke oor die aard van materie sowel tot ’n ‘atomisitese’ as ’n ‘kontinuïteitsopvatting’ gelei het. Getrou aan die moderne nominalisme aanvaar die (neo- Darwinisme geen universaliteit buite die menslike gees nie. Plante en diere word bloot met behulp van willekeurige name in ’n kontinuum geplaas. Hierdie kontinuïteitspostulaat – bekend as ‘gradualisme’ – is egter van meet af gekonfronteer deur die dominante stasispatroon van die paleontologiese rekord: ’n tipe verskyn abrup, bly vir miljoene jare konstant en verdwyn dan ewe abrup. Gevolglik kan die vermeende ‘imperfection’ van die paleontologiese rekord bevraagteken word. Prominente biologiese denkers worstel met die probleem van kontinuïteit en diskontinuïteit. Een van hierdie outeurs stel dat die verhale met dieselfde grondleggende valstrik begin en dan voortgaan op ’n soortgelyke foutiewe wyse. Daar word begin met die gevaarlikste mentale valstrik, die verborge aanname wat as vanselfsprekend aanvaar word, indien dit hoegenaamd erken word, naamlik ’n basiese definisie van evolusie as kontinue vloei.

  12. An exploration of synthetic biology: A preliminary Christian ethical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of synthetic biology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Riaan A.L. Rheeder

    2014-10-01

    ’n Verkenning van sintetiese biologie: ’n Voorlopige Christelik-etiese beoordeling van die voor- en nadele van sintetiese biologie. Op 20 Mei 2010 het die Venter-instituut (in Amerika aangekondig dat hulle die genoom van die organisme Mycoplasma mycoides ten volle in vitro gesintetiseer het (deur middel van ’n rekenaar, gekoppel aan ’n masjien wat gene sintetiseer. Die berig het verder gelei dat die genoom daarna teruggeplaas is in die omhulsel van ’n ander organisme (Mycoplasma capricolum − en dat die gesintetiseerde genoom en organisme normaal gefunksioneer het. Hierdie gesintetiseerde organisme word gerekonstrueer om as minuskule fabriek te funksioneer met die doel om brandstof en medisyne te produseer en te sekreer − wat nie die natuurlike funksie van die organisme is nie. Aan hierdie tegnologie is daar ook bepaalde potensiële gevare verbonde. Wetenskaplikes is bang dat hierdie tegnologie mens, dier en omgewing kan kontamineer of infekteer en op dié wyse groot skade kan aanrig − en selfs tot mense se dood kan lei. Ander wetenskaplikes is weer bekommerd dat hierdie tegnologie deur terroriste gebruik kan word om onskuldige burgers dood te maak. Sommige etici is oortuig dat die gevolge van sintetiese biologie tans onvoorspelbaar, en daarom riskant is. Teenoor die potensiële gevare moet gestel word dat sintetiese biologie inderdaad omvangryke positiewe uitkomste soos die vervaardiging van biobrandstof en medisyne tot gevolg kan hê. Meeste wetenskaplikes en etici is van mening dat die potensiële gevare verbonde aan sintetiese biologie beoordeel moet word in die lig van die feit dat genetiese manipulasie in die afgelope 30 jaar geen biologiese ramp veroorsaak het nie. Uit ’n Christelike oogpunt word voorlopig geoordeel dat sintetiese biologie nie ’n onverantwoordelike wetenskap en tegnologie is nie.

  13. Comparison of XH2O Retrieved from GOSAT Short-Wavelength Infrared Spectra with Observations from the TCCON Network

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eric Dupuy

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Understanding the atmospheric distribution of water (H 2 O is crucial for global warming studies and climate change mitigation. In this context, reliable satellite data are extremely valuable for their global and continuous coverage, once their quality has been assessed. Short-wavelength infrared spectra are acquired by the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS aboard the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT. From these, column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor (XH 2 O have been retrieved at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES, Japan and are available as a Level 2 research product. We compare the NIES XH 2 O data, Version 02.21, with retrievals from the ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON, Version GGG2014. The datasets are in good overall agreement, with GOSAT data showing a slight global low bias of −3.1% ± 24.0%, good consistency over different locations (station bias of −1.53% ± 10.35% and reasonable correlation with TCCON (R = 0.89. We identified two potential sources of discrepancy between the NIES and TCCON retrievals over land. While the TCCON XH 2 O amounts can reach 6000–7000 ppm when the atmospheric water content is high, the correlated NIES values do not exceed 5500 ppm. This could be due to a dry bias of TANSO-FTS in situations of high humidity and aerosol content. We also determined that the GOSAT-TCCON differences directly depend on the altitude difference between the TANSO-FTS footprint and the TCCON site. Further analysis will account for these biases, but the NIES V02.21 XH 2 O product, after public release, can already be useful for water cycle studies.

  14. Studies in South American Malpighiaceae, Lauraceae and Hernandiaceae, especially of Surinam

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kostermans, A.J.G.H.

    1936-01-01

    The present investigation has been carried out in the “Botanisch Museum en Herbarium” of the University of Utrecht. I wish to render to Dr. A. Pulle, the Director of the Institute, my most sincere thanks for the facilities afforded to me and for the interest in the progress of this work. I am also

  15. Intoxicação experimental por Niedenzuella stannea (Malpighiaceae em ovinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávio H.B. Caldeira

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Niedenzuella stannea é uma planta que contém monofluoracetato de sódio e é incriminada como causa de morte súbita em bovinos na Região Sul do Estado de Mato Grosso. Este estudo descreve a toxidez e achados clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação experimental por N. stannea em ovinos. Foram utilizados no experimento, frutos, folhas maduras e folhas jovens de N. stannea coletadas em propriedades as margens de afluentes das bacias hidrográficas do Rio Araguaia onde havia histórico de morte súbita em bovinos. Folhas maduras em doses entre 10 e 40g/kg e frutos na dose de 10 g/kg não causaram alterações clínicas. Alterações clínicas foram observadas em ovinos que receberam a partir de 5g/kg de folhas jovens em dose única e a morte ocorreu nos que receberam a partir de 30g/kg. A toxicidade na dose de 30g/kg se manteve após a secagem da planta. Os principais sinais clínicos foram anorexia, apatia, dispneia, arritmia e taquicardia em evolução clínica que variou de 16 às 20h. Notou-se em uma fase terminal hiperaguda, com evolução de 13 a 20 min., relutância ao movimento, micção frequente, jugular ingurgitada, pulso venoso evidente, tremor muscular, decúbito esternal e decúbito lateral e morte. Na necropsia os principais achados foram ingurgitamento de grandes veias, das aurículas do coração e edema pulmonar. Microscopicamente a principal alteração ocorreu no rim e caracterizou-se por degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar no citoplasma de epitélio de túbulos contorcidos distais. Conclui-se que N. stannea na fase de brotação é tóxica para ovinos e que a intoxicação por esta planta deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial das doenças com curso clínico hiperagudo ou morte súbita em ovinos em regiões onde a planta existe.

  16. AN OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR A COAL MINING PRODUCTION UNIT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Visser

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available

    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The coal mining industry faces increased pressure for higher quality coal at lower cost and increased volumes. To satisfy these requirements the industry needs technically skilled first line supervisors with operational management skills. Most first line supervisors possess the necessary technical, but not the required operational management skills. Various operational management philosophies, describing world-class operational management practices exist; however, it is not possible to implement these philosophies as-is in a mining environment due to the various differences between manufacturing and mining. The solution is to provide an operational management model, adapted from these philosophies, to first line supervisors in the coal mining industry.

    AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die steenkoolmynbedryf ervaar groeiende druk van die mark vir hoër gehalte steenkool, laer koste en verhoogde volumes. Om hierdie behoefte te bevredig benodig die myn tegniesgeskoolde eerstelyntoesighouers met bedryfsbestuursvaardighede. Ongelukkig beskik die meeste toesighouers wel oor die nodige tegniese kennis, maar nie die nodige bedryfsbestuursvaardighede nie. Daar bestaan verskeie bedryfsbestuursfilosofieë wat wêreldklas bedryfsbestuurspraktyke omskryf. Dit is egter nie moontlik om die filisofieë net so in die mynbedryf te implimenteer nie a.g.v. die verskille tussen vervaardiging en mynbou. Die oplossing is om ‘n bedryfsbestuurmodel wat op hierdie filosofieë geskoei is, aan eerstelyntoesighouers in die steenkoolbedryf te verskaf.

  17. ‘No condom, no sex’: Easy to say, but not possible for all South African women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johanna E. Maree

    2010-11-01

    Opsomming Servikskarsinoom is die mees algemene kanker in Suid-Afrikaanse vroue. Die menslike papiloom virus (MPV is die grootse oorsaak van hierdie kanker. Oordraging van die virus kan egter met kondoomgebruik voorkom word. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of Swart vroue woonagtig in Tshwane, Suid-Afrika, hulself teen die virus kan beskerm deur op kondoomgebruik aan te dring.Die studie was eksploratief, kwalitatief en kontekstueel en ’n gerieflikheids sneeubal metode het die steekproef gerig. Die steekproefgrootte is deur dataversadiging bepaal (n = 20. Data is ingesamel deur middel van onderhoude en die data is met behulp van Tesch se metode geanaliseer. Vier temas is geïdentifiseer, (1 kennis van servikskarsinoom, (2 seksuele gedrag, (3 sosiale probleme en (4emosies. Die studie het bevind dat vroue hulle nie self teen servikskarsinoom kan beskerm deur op kondome aan te dring nie. Kennis van die siekte was so gebrekkig dat vroue nie kondoomgebruik met servikskarsinoom vereenselwig het nie. Die meeste van hul seksmaats het geweier om kondome te gebruik. Armmoede, fisiese geweld, hulpeloosheid en vrees het vroue weerhou om op die gebruik van kondome aan te dring. Primêre voorkomingstrategië behoort op selfbemagtiging van vroue te konsentreer. Dit sal voorkom dat vroue van mans, wat hulle die reg kan weier, afhanklik is vir beskerming teen servikskarsinoom.

  18. An analysis of ‘non-Johannine’ vocabulary in John 7:53–8:11, Part 1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John D. Punch

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Although scholars usually use external evidence to argue against the inclusion of John 7:53–8:11 in the Gospel of John, they frequently suggest arguments of internal evidence, mostly based on the inclusion of non-Johannine vocabulary, to support these objections. However, in contrast to the textual evidence, arguments about non-Johannine vocabulary seldom receive the necessary amount of evaluation. This article is the first of a two-part series that evaluates explanations for the appearance of various ‘non-Johannine’ terms. Both articles rebut claims of ’non-Johannine’ vocabulary in John 7:53–8:11, thereby providing opportunities for discussing Johannine features in the passage. Hoewel navorsers eksterne bewyse gebruik om teen die insluiting van Johannes 7:53–8:11 in die Evangelie van Johannes te argumenteer, maak hulle dikwels voorstelle van interne bewyse, meestal gebaseer op die insluiting van nie-Johannese terme, ter ondersteuning van sodanige besware. In teenstelling met die tekstuele bewyse, ontvang die voorstelle vir nie-Johannese terme egter selde die nodige evaluering. Hierdie artikel is die eerste van ’n tweeledige reeks wat verklarings vir die verskynsel van verskeie ‘nie-Johannese’ terme evalueer. Albei artikels weerlê die bewerings wat gemaak word ten opsigte van ‘nie-Johannese’ terme in Johannes 7:53–8:11 en skep daardeur geleentheid vir ’n bespreking van Johannese eienskappe.

  19. Dicty_cDB: Contig-U14020-1 [Dicty_cDB

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 1( AB434423 |pid:none) Rhodotorula glutinis CMK gene for ... 145 1e-33 S60303( S60303 ;S24578) serine/threon...nkara... 146 8e-34 DQ534193_1( DQ534193 |pid:none) Neurospora crassa checkpoint kinas... 145 1e-33 AB434423_

  20. Intergeneric complementation of a circadian rhythmicity defect : phylogenetic conservation of structure and function of the clock gene frequency

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Merrow, Martha W.; Dunlap, Jay C.; Dover, G.

    1994-01-01

    The Neurospora crassa frequency locus encodes a 989 amino acid protein that is a central component, a state variable, of the circadian biological clock. We have determined the sequence of all or part of this protein and surrounding regulatory regions from additional fungi representing three genera

  1. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Heterokaryons of Neurospora crassa were generated by transformation of multinucleate conidia of a histidine-3 auxotroph with his-3+ plasmid. In one of the transformants, propagated on a medium with histidine supplementation, a gradual but drastic reduction occurred in the proportion of prototrophic nuclei that contained ...

  2. Pollination networks of oil-flowers: a tiny world within the smallest of all worlds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bezerra, Elisângela L S; Machado, Isabel C; Mello, Marco A R

    2009-09-01

    1. In the Neotropics, most plants depend on animals for pollination. Solitary bees are the most important vectors, and among them members of the tribe Centridini depend on oil from flowers (mainly Malpighiaceae) to feed their larvae. This specialized relationship within 'the smallest of all worlds' (a whole pollination network) could result in a 'tiny world' different from the whole system. This 'tiny world' would have higher nestedness, shorter path lengths, lower modularity and higher resilience if compared with the whole pollination network. 2. In the present study, we contrasted a network of oil-flowers and their visitors from a Brazilian steppe ('caatinga') to whole pollination networks from all over the world. 3. A network approach was used to measure network structure and, finally, to test fragility. The oil-flower network studied was more nested (NODF = 0.84, N = 0.96) than all of the whole pollination networks studied. Average path lengths in the two-mode network were shorter (one node, both for bee and plant one-mode network projections) and modularity was lower (M = 0.22 and four modules) than in all of the whole pollination networks. Extinctions had no or small effects on the network structure, with an average change in nestedness smaller than 2% in most of the cases studied; and only two species caused coextinctions. The higher the degree of the removed species, the stronger the effect and the higher the probability of a decrease in nestedness. 4. We conclude that the oil-flower subweb is more cohesive and resilient than whole pollination networks. Therefore, the Malpighiaceae have a robust pollination service in the Neotropics. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that each ecological service is in fact a mosaic of different subservices with a hierarchical structure ('webs within webs').

  3. Mass flow and velocity profiles in Neurospora hyphae: partial plug flow dominates intra-hyphal transport.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abadeh, Aryan; Lew, Roger R

    2013-11-01

    Movement of nuclei, mitochondria and vacuoles through hyphal trunks of Neurospora crassa were vector-mapped using fluorescent markers and green fluorescent protein tags. The vectorial movements of all three were strongly correlated, indicating the central role of mass (bulk) flow in cytoplasm movements in N. crassa. Profiles of velocity versus distance from the hyphal wall did not match the parabolic shape predicted by the ideal Hagen-Poiseuille model of flow at low Reynolds number. Instead, the profiles were flat, consistent with a model of partial plug flow due to the high concentration of organelles in the flowing cytosol. The intra-hyphal pressure gradients were manipulated by localized external osmotic treatments to demonstrate the dependence of velocity (and direction) on pressure gradients within the hyphae. The data support the concept that mass transport, driven by pressure gradients, dominates intra-hyphal transport. The transport occurs by partial plug flow due to the organelles in the cytosol.

  4. Fulltext PDF

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Unknown

    Chapter I (Introduction) is six pages packed with use- ful information. It describes the Neurospora crassa life cycle ... information that is available on the Internet, and also provides information on scientific meetings. ... uses the per (perithecial color) mutant to show barrage formation as a manifestation of heterokaryon incom-.

  5. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Evidence for dominant suppression of repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) in crosses with the wild-isolated Neurospora crassa strains Sugartown and Adiopodoume-7 · Felicite K. Noubissi K. Aparna Kevin McCluskey Durgadas P. Kasbekar · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. A convenient assay to score repeat-induced ...

  6. Functional characterization of the Woronin body protein WscA of the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leonhardt, Yannik; Beck, Julia; Ebel, Frank

    2016-05-01

    Woronin bodies are fungal-specific organelles that seal damaged hyphal compartments and thereby contribute to the stress resistance and virulence of filamentous fungi. In this study, we have characterized the Aspergillus fumigatus Woronin body protein WscA. WscA is homologous to Neurospora crassa WSC, a protein that was shown to be important for biogenesis, segregation and positioning of Woronin bodies. WscA and WSC both belong to the Mpv17/PMP22 family of peroxisomal membrane proteins. An A. fumigatus ΔwscA mutant is unable to form Woronin bodies, and HexA, the protein that forms the crystal-like core of Woronin bodies, accumulates in large peroxisomes instead. The ΔwscA mutant showed no defect in segregation of HexA containing organelles, as has been reported for the corresponding N. crassa mutant. In the peroxisomes of the A. fumigatus mutant, HexA assembles into compact, donut-shaped structures. Experiments with GFP fusion proteins revealed that WscA function is highly sensitive to these modifications, in particular to an N-terminal fusion of GFP. In N. crassa, WSC was shown to be essentially required for Woronin body positioning, but the respective domain is not conserved in most other Pezizomycotina, including A. fumigatus. We have recently found evidence that HexA may have a direct role in WB positioning, since a HexA-GFP fusion protein, lacking a functional PTS1 motif, is efficiently recruited to the septal pore. In the current study we show that this targeting of HexA-GFP is independent of WscA. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  7. Schizophrénie et métacognition

    OpenAIRE

    Martin , Jean-Remy

    2014-01-01

    Over the course of my PhD I have investigated issues related to two main areas of investigation in cognitive science, namely Schizophrenia and Metacognition. My dissertation is divided in two parts: the first part includes three experimental studies (two studies in healthy subjects and one study in people with schizophrenia) and two theoretical studies addressing specific aspects of schizophrenia; the second part includes four theoretical studies addressing the role of metacognition in specif...

  8. Umysł: system sprzeczny, ale nie trywialny

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mateusz Hohol

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available In this article, the model of an inconsistent mind according to suggestions of Hilary Putnam and Alan Turing is presented from the perspective of the cognitive sciences and the evolutionary psychology. An attempt to reconcile the two versions of the modular model of mind by Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker is undertaken followed by the discussion of the problem of evolutionary origin of mind. Next, the problem of the central module (interface is considered which is supposed to integrate the individual and specialized modules of mind. The main thesis of this article states that the ‘global’ inconsistency of mind may result from the inconsistencies among ‘local’ computational modules of mind. Mind may be modeled as an inconsistent formal system which remains non-trivial. Consequently, it seems rational to postulate that the operation of mind is not based on the classical Aristotelian logic and is better described the systems of a paraconsistent logic. Best examples of such logical systems include the discussive logic by Stanisław Jaśkowski, the logic of formal inconsistency (LFI by Newton da Costa and the many-valued logic by Jan Łukasiewicz and Graham Priest.

  9. KLAAGLIEDERE 3:42: VERGIFNIS OF NIE-VERGIFNIS?

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The exegetical study focuses on the literal, historical and theological dimensions of ... vergifnis in die Ou Testament die beste deur die term jls uitgedruk word. ..... Dictionary of the Old Testament prophets (Notingham: Inter-Varsity Press), pp.

  10. Evaluation of clear-sky incoming radiation estimating equations typically used in remote sensing evapotranspiration algorithms

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Sun, Z

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available , Mekonnen Gebremichael 2,*, Qinxue Wang 1, Junming Wang 3, Ted W. Sammis 4 and Alecia Nickless 5 1 National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; E-Mails: sun.zhigang@nies.go.jp (Z.S.); wangqx@nies.go.jp (Q... Development Fund (E-1203) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Authors thank anonymous reviewers and editors for their constructive comments. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Ruhoff, A.L.; Paz, A...

  11. Die Ontstaan en Ontwikkeling van die Pan-Afrikanisme en due implikasies daarvan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. J.H. van der Walt

    1961-03-01

    Full Text Available Dit was nie voor 1880 dat tropiese Afrika, dil is die grootste gedeelte van Wes-, Oos- en Midde-Afrika, deur ontdekkingsreisigers,handelaars en sendelinge tot so ’11 mate ontsluit is, dat dit in die vaarwater van die wêreldpolitiek geraak het nie. Lank voor hierdie tyd is natuurlik steunpunte aan die Wes-, Suid- en Ooskusdeur die Portugese en later die Nederlanders en Engelse eset ter wille van óf dieslawehandel en/óf as steunpunte op dielarig handelsweg na die ryke Ooste.

  12. „Legalizować czy nie?” – analiza związku pomiędzy stosowaniem kanabinoli a częstością występowania i obrazem klinicznym zaburzeń psychotycznych

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Gawłowska

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Związek pomiędzy zażywaniem kanabinoli a występowaniem zaburzeń psychotycznych jest opisywany od dawna. Udowodniono między innymi, że kanabinole mogą wywoływać przemijające objawy pozytywne, negatywne i poznawcze psychozy u zdrowych osób oraz zaostrzać objawy lub powodować ich nawrót w przebiegu wcześniej rozpoznanych zaburzeń psychotycznych. Jednak nadal niewiele wiadomo o mechanizmach, które powodują powstawanie tych symptomów. Zgodnie z najnowszymi doniesieniami mogą one angażować układy dopaminergiczny, GABA-ergiczny i glutaminergiczny. Ponieważ tylko u części osób zażywających kanabinole rozwijają się objawy psychotyczne, prawdopodobnie substancje te nie stanowią głównego czynnika sprawczego psychozy, lecz mogą stanowić ważny czynnik ryzyka, który przyczynia się do manifestacji jej objawów. Takie wskaźniki, jak dawka, długość stosowania oraz wiek pierwszego kontaktu z kanabinolami, stanowią uznane czynniki modyfikujące przebieg psychozy, jakkolwiek mechanizm tego zjawiska pozostaje w dużym stopniu niejasny. W ostatnim czasie coraz szersze uznanie zyskują nowe hipotezy, zakładające możliwy wpływ kanabinoli na rozwój centralnego układu nerwowego. Istnieją dowody na to, że endogenny układ kanabinoidalny może odgrywać istotną rolę w takich procesach, jak neurogeneza, różnicowanie, dojrzewanie i migracja neuronów, wydłu- żanie aksonów oraz formowanie struktur gleju. Zażywanie kanabinoidów egzogennych, zaburzając działanie układu endokanabinoidalnego oraz zakłócając procesy neurorozwojowe, może stanowić mechanizm, poprzez który ekspozycja na działanie tych substancji w okresie adolescencji zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju schizofrenii lub innych utrwalonych zaburzeń psychotycznych.

  13. Early days of tRNA research: Discovery, function, purification and ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Madhu

    2006-10-04

    Oct 4, 2006 ... function in protein synthesis and methods for its purification ... intermediate carrier of the amino acid in protein synthesis. (table 1). .... 14C-leucine were incubated with GTP, PEP, and pyruvate kinase as indicated (adapted from: Hoagland et al 1958). .... Purification of N. crassa mitochondrial initiator tRNA.

  14. Zmiany w nierównościach edukacyjnych w Polsce. Uwagi polemiczne do tekstu Zbigniewa Sawińskiego „Gimnazja wobec nierówności społecznych”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michał Sitek

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Zbigniew Sawiński w tekście opublikowanym w EDUKACJI („Gimnazja wobec nierówności społecznych”, Edukacja, 135(4, 2015 twierdzi na podstawie analiz danych programu OECD PISA z lat 2000–2012, że reforma gimnazjalna nie spowodowała zmniejszenia nierówności w polskiej edukacji: znaczenie pochodzenia społecznego dla osiągnięć uczniów utrzymywało się na podobnym poziomie jak przed reformą, nie zmniejszył się znacząco wpływ pochodzenia społecznego na wybór szkoły średniej, a obserwowane w Polsce różnicowanie się gimnazjów nie doprowadziło do wzrostu nierówności edukacyjnych. W artykule przedstawiono argumenty metodologiczne i wyniki powtórnej analizy danych PISA wskazujące na zmiany w szerzej rozumianych nierównościach edukacyjnych. Między 2000 a 2012 r. (a nie zmieniła się wprawdzie siła związku wyników osiąganych przez piętnastolatków ze statusem społeczno-ekonomicznym rodzin uczniów, ale: (b zmniejszyło się zróżnicowanie wyników, co było przede wszystkim zasługą poprawy wyników najsłabszych uczniów; (c zmniejszyły się różnice między uczniami o niskim i wysokim statusie społeczno-ekonomicznym; (d zmniejszył się wpływ pochodzenia społecznego na wybór szkoły ponadgimnazjalnej. Wpływ ten jest w dużej mierze bezpośredni: nie jest zapośredniczony przez osiągnięcia edukacyjne uczniów. W polemice podkreślono także złożoność tzw. reformy gimnazjalnej, która nie ograniczyła się jedynie do wprowadzenia gimnazjów. Wskazano na rolę innych czynników, które utrudniają analizowanie efektów reformy gimnazjalnej w kategoriach przyczynowo-skutkowych, w tym przede wszystkim na rolę nieobserwowanych w badaniu PISA zmiennych dotyczących zmian zachodzących w środowisku uczenia się kolejnych kohort uczestniczących w badaniu.

  15. The interrelationship between the work experience of distance education students, job satisfaction, andacademic achievement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. C. Welman

    1995-06-01

    Full Text Available In terms of the cooperative education strategy of technikons, students are expected to do subject-relevant work in the industry/commerce to gain practical experience. The degree of subject-relevant work performed by 166 distance education students, and how this is related to their academic performance, was investigated. It was found that in contrast to older Afrikaans- and English-speaking male students, it was mainly students who speak a black language who do not gain subject-relevant work experience, have minimal job satisfaction and do not earn high marks in the third-year subject (Organizational Behaviour. It is suggested that the State integrate the issues of work provision, education and training for the success of cooperative education in South Africa. Opsomming  Volgens die kooperatiewe onderwysstrategie van technikons word daar van studente verwag om vakrelevante werk in die bedryf/handel te doen om praktykervaring op te doen. Die graad van vakrelevante werk wat 166 afstandsonderrigstudente doen en die verband daarvan met hul akademiese prestasie is ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat in teenstelling met ouer, manlike, Afrikaans- en Engelssprekende studente/ dit veral swarttaalsprekende studente is wat nie vakrelevante werkservaring opdoen nie, 'n lae graad van werkstevredenheid beleef/ en nie hoe punte in die derdejaarvak (Organisasiegedrag verdien nie. Daar word voorgestel dat die Staat die kwessies van werkverskaffing, onderwys en opieiding integreer ten einde kooperatiewe onderwys in Suid-Afrika te laat slaag.

  16. The construction and evaluation of a scale of consumer shopping experience

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. A. Gillham

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Generally speaking consumer psychology have focused primarily on the problem solving and decision making processes underlying buying behaviour. As a result, the experience of consumers engaging in the activity of shopping has been neglected. The purpose of this study was to construct and evaluate a scale of consumer shopping experience. The instrument indicated that shopping experience is not merely a means to an end, but in many cases an end in itself. The Shopping Experience Survey consisting of 54 items was developed and administered to 426 respondents consisting of students at a large tertiary institution. The study indicated that the Shopping Experience Survey is highly reliable (rxx=0,965 and sensitive to group differences. Opsomming Benaderings tot verbruikersielkunde fokus in die algemeen hoofsaaklik op die probleemoplossings- en besluitnemingsprosesse onderliggend aan aankoopgedrag. Gevolglik het die ervarings wat verbruikers tydens die aankoopproses beleef, nie veel aandag geniet nie. Die doel van die onderhawige studie was om ’n skaal van verbruikeraankoopbelewenisse te konstrueer en te evalueer. Die instrument het aangedui dat die aankoopbelewenis nie ’n middel tot ’n doel is nie, maar ‘n doel insigself is. Die Shopping Experience Survey, bestaande uit 54 items, is ontwikkel en geadministreer aan 426 respondente van ’n groot residensiële tersiêre instelling. Met die studie is bevind dat die Shopping Experience Survey hoogs betroubaar is (rxx=0,965 en sensitief is vir groepverskille.

  17. Oogknipbeheerde rekenaarmuis: ontwerp en evaluering

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Viljoen

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available

    Motories gestremde persone vind dit moeilik om ’n rekenaar te gebruik vanweë die feit dat hulle nie ’n muis kan beheer nie. In hierdie artikel word die ontwerp, implementering en evaluering van ’n oogknipbeheerde rekenaarmuis vir gebruik deur gestremde persone beskryf. Die deteksie van willekeurige oogknippe word deur middel van die weerkaatsing van infrarooi- (IR- lig vanaf die vel langs die oog bewerkstellig, terwyl onwillekeurige knippe verwerp word. Dit stel motories gestremde persone, wat nie meer die gebruik van hul arms het nie, in staat om ’n rekenaar te bedryf. Al die funksies van ’n PS2-muis word geëmuleer.

    Abstract

    Eye-blink controlled computer mouse: design and evaluation

    Physically disabled people who do not have the use of their limbs have difficulty operating a computer, since they cannot use a mouse. In this article the design, implementation and evaluation of an eye-blink controlled computer mouse to be used by handicapped people are described. Detection of voluntary blinks is established by the reflection of infrared light from the skin on the side of the eye, while involuntary blinks are ignored. This enables people who do not have the use of their limbs to operate a computer. All the functions of a PS2 mouse are emulated.

  18. Protein (Cyanobacteria): 479132100 [PGDBj - Ortholog DB

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 05 696747:1505 ... hypothetical protein Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 MGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPNLPRAIAYLSRLGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPKLPRAIA...YLSRLGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPNLPRAIAYLSRLGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPNLQMLGETRATKSDRLFK

  19. Protein (Cyanobacteria): 479132040 [PGDBj - Ortholog DB

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 05 696747:1505 ... hypothetical protein Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 MGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPNLPRAIAYLSRLGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPKLPRAIA...YLSRLGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPNLPRAIAYLSRLGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPNLQMLGETRATKSDRLFK

  20. Protein (Cyanobacteria): 479132036 [PGDBj - Ortholog DB

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 05 696747:1505 ... hypothetical protein Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 MEVRNPTTPSLNDVGFHGVSPNLQRAIAYLSRLGGGNGTQHHHLSVMFGFTLVSPNLPRAIA...YLSRLGGGNGTQQHHLSVMLGFTLVSPKLPRAIAYLSRLGGGNGTQHHHLSVILGFTLVSPNLQMLGETQATKSDRLFK

  1. Die invloed van drie kruisbestuiwers op die saadinhoud van Minneola tangelo (Citrus parodist x C reticulata

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. J. Esterhuizen

    1991-07-01

    Full Text Available Die invloed van verskillende kruisbestuiwers (Clementine, Empress en Valencia op die gemiddelde saadinhoud van Minneo­la tangelo is ondersoek. Clementine en Empress as kruisbestuiwers het die grootste invloed op die gemiddelde saadinhoud van die vrugte gehad, terwyl dié van Valencia nie noemenswaardig was nie. Die gemiddelde saadinhoud van die vrugte het afgeneem met toename in afstand vanaf die kruisbestuiwer. Indien ’n beperking op die afstand tussen kultivar en kruisbestuiwer geplaas word, sal ’n groter persentasie vrugte aan uitvoerstandaarde ten opsigte van saadinhoud voldoen.

  2. Die toekoms en ons roeping

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. du Toit

    1954-03-01

    Full Text Available Om te weet wat ons roeping in die toekoms sal wees, moet ons eers besef wat in ons eie tyd aan die gang is en langs watter lyne die dinge beweeg. Dit is ons plig om te let op die tekens van die tye in die lig van die profetiese Woord. En dan wil ons dadelik beklemtoon dat ons in Suid-Afrika nie in die waan moet lewe dat ons hier onbekommerd en onaangetas deur die wêreldgebeure ons roeping en bestemming kan uitwerk nie.

  3. Non disponible / Not available

    OpenAIRE

    Fabrice , Lavigne

    2002-01-01

    Non disponible / Not available; Nous rapportons les résultats d'une enquête prospective de 6 mois concernant 441 patients ayant présenté une douleur abdominale aiguë. Cette étude a pour objectif d 'étudier lors d'affection abdominale aiguë, d'autres paramètres hématologiques que la classique hyperleucocytose avec polynucleose neutrophile.Plus la lymphopénie est profonde, plus l'affection est potentiellement sévère; cependant sa sensibilité est faible. Une lymphopénie profonde est un pronostic...

  4. Die voorsienigheidsleer van Calvyn: Uit sy debatte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Morné Diedericks

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Calvyn se leer van God se voorsienigheid is ongetwyfeld een van die mees kontroversiële onderwerpe van sy teologie. Dit word duidelik in al die debatte waarin Calvyn sy leer oor die voorsienigheid moes verdedig, byvoorbeeld teen Pighius, Bolsec, Bullinger en Castellio. Vyfhonderd jaar later word Calvyn weer in die openbaar oor sy voorsienigheidsleer aangeval deur ’n Suid-Afrikaanse teoloog, Adrio König. Calvyn se antwoord op Castellio in Die verborge voorsienigheid van God is duidelik nie deur König in ag geneem nie. In Calvyn se verdediging van sy voorsienigheidsleer verwerp hy nooit die soewereiniteit van God nie, maar gee ook nie vir God die skuld vir die kwaad nie – ’n beskuldiging wat Castellio en König teen Calvyn inbring. Die troos van God se voorsienigheid lê vir Calvyn juis daarin dat God alle dinge, ook teenspoed en verdrukking, deur sy verborge voorsienigheid beskik met die doel om sy kinders nader na Hom te lei. Calvin’s teaching on providence: From his debates. Calvin’s teaching on God’s providence is without doubt one of the most controversial subjects in his theology. This is clear in all the debates in which Calvin had to defend his teaching on providence, against, for example, Pighius, Bolsec, Bullinger and Castellio. Five hundred years later Calvin has again been publicly attacked on his teaching on providence by a South African theologian, Adrio König. König, however, did not consider Calvin’s response to Castellio in The secret providence of God. In Calvin’s defence of his teaching on providence he in no circumstances denies the sovereignty of God, but also does not give God the blame for any ills that might result – an accusation that Castellio and König levied against him. For Calvin, the consolation of God’s providence rests in the fact that God ordains all things, including adversity and affliction, through his secret providence for the purpose of leading his children closer to him.

  5. ’n Vergelyking van die Mollusca-diversiteit in die Mooirivier (Noordwes-Provinsie soos gevind met opnames wat gemaak is in 1963 en weer 50 jaar later

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cornelius T. Wolmarans

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Die hoogste getal gedokumenteerde uitsterwings van enige belangrike taksonomiese groepword aan die Mollusca toegedig. Faktore wat hoofsaaklik hiervoor verantwoordelik is, sluitonder meer omgewingsveranderinge en antropogeniese impakte in wat tot die tot niet gaanvan die habitat aanleiding gee. Daarbenewens is die bewaringstatus van minder as 2% van dieongeveer 7000 molluskspesies wêreldwyd bekend tot dusver nog nie behoorlik geassesseernie. Die doel van die huidige ondersoek wat in 2014 uitgevoer is, was om die molluskdiversiteitvan die Mooirivier met die resultate van 1963 te vergelyk. Dit is gedoen deur ’n opnameuit te voer van die molluskdiversiteit by dieselfde lokaliteite as in 1963. Twee opnames isgemaak tydens ’n vroeë- en laatlaagvloeiperiode in 2014 by agt lokaliteite wat met dié vandie 1963-opnames ooreenstem. Die pH, elektriese geleiding (EG en temperatuur is ook byelk van die lokaliteite gemeet. Die identiteit van die 14 slakspesies wat in 1963 gevind is, hetooreengestem met 14 van die 15 in 2014. Die uitheemse indringerspesie Physa acuta is tydensdie 2014-opname vir die eerste keer in hierdie rivier gevind, waarskynlik weens ’n toename inorganiese verryking. In die 1963-opname is Burnupia mooiensis en Pisidium langlyanum by diemeeste lokaliteite gevind, en in 2014 Gyraulus connollyi en Ferrissia cawstoni. Die meeste van diemolluske uit hierdie gebied wat voorheen op rekord gestel is, is in 2014 gevind. Die pH watin 2014 ’n geringe tot aansienlike verlaging getoon het, word aan mynversuring toegeskryfen het nie ’n merkbare invloed op die molluskdiversiteit gehad nie. Die hoër elektriesegeleiding wat tydens die 2014-opname gemeet is, het vanweë die verdraagsaamheid vanvarswatermolluske in hierdie verband, ook geen verandering in die molluskdiversiteit teweeggebring nie. Die temperatuur was in die laatlaagvloei deurgaans hoër. Ondanks die feit dathierdie studies vyf dekades uitmekaar gedoen is en antropogeniese impakte

  6. Protein (Cyanobacteria): 479132094 [PGDBj - Ortholog DB

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 30 696747:230 ... WD-40 repeat protein Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 MVIASGGASLFNLATGEAVWEIDCPALGGAVSADGRLLALRSNKDIYLWDLSTGQLLRQLTGHTST...VNSVRFSRRGQTLASGSGDNTVRLWDVATGRELRQLTGHTSTVNSVRFSRRGQTLASGSGDNTVRLWDVATGRELRQLTGHTSTVYSVSFSRRGQTLASGSDDGVVRLWRVGF

  7. Cartographic sign as a core of multimedia map prepared by non-cartographers in free map services

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Medyńska-Gulij Beata

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentalne znaczenie znaków kartograficznych na tradycyjnej mapie nie budzi wątpliwości, jednak w przypadku multimedialnej mapy ich kluczowa funkcja nie jest już tak oczywista. W tych badaniach podjęto problem znaczenia znaku kartograficznego jako spoiwa mapy multimedialnej opracowanej przez nie-kartografa w darmowych serwisach mapowych. Zadaniem dla projektujących mapy stało się opracowanie mapy multimedialnej według ustalonych wstępnie zasad, w której kluczową rolę odgrywały znaki kartograficzne oraz przyzwyczajenia użytkowników Internetu. Porównanie wypełnionych arkuszy zadań przez uczestników badań skłania do wyciągnięcia generalnego wniosku, że znak kartograficzny powinien determinować projektowanie multimedialnej mapy w serwisach mapowych on-line. Pomimo opracowania pięciu różnych tematów map, można wymienić ogólne charakterystyki map, w których znak kartograficzny jest spoiwem.

  8. Maatskaplike aspekte van geriatriese sorg

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. Louw

    1979-09-01

    Full Text Available Dit is maar enkele dekades gelede dat Westerse gemeenskappe bewus geword het van die besondere behoeftes van die relatief groot en nog steeds groeiende persentasie bejaardes in hulle midde. Nie alleen het die liggaamlike behoeftes van liggaamlike afgetakelde bejaardes die aandag getrek nie maar die gemeenskappe het ook bewus geword van die maatskaplike behoeftes van ouerwordendes in ’n tydperk wat gekenmerk is deur die dramatiese veranderings in die lewenswyses van ons mense — veranderinge wat in baie opsigte ’n negatiewe invloed gehad het op die lewensomstandighede van ’n groot groep bejaardes. Welsynsbeplanners het besef dat hulle in hulle beplanning spesiale voorsiening moes maak vir die lewensbehoeftes van hierdie groep in die gemeenskap en dat hulle in die verband ’n groot agterstand het om in te haal. Geneeshere wat belang begin stel het in die gesondheidsbehoeftes van bejaardes het ook besef dat gevestigde geneeskundige praktyke geensins voldoen aan die spesifieke behoeftes van ’n groot groep bejaardes nie en dat groot aanpassings gemaak moes word met betrekking tot hulle benaderings en metodes van behandeling van hierdie pasiente.

  9. The highly heterogeneous methylated genomes and diverse restriction-modification systems of bloom-forming Microcystis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Liang; Song, Yulong; Li, Lin; Gan, Nanqin; Brand, Jerry J; Song, Lirong

    2018-05-01

    The occurrence of harmful Microcystis blooms is increasing in frequency in a myriad of freshwater ecosystems. Despite considerable research pertaining to the cause and nature of these blooms, the molecular mechanisms behind the cosmopolitan distribution and phenotypic diversity in Microcystis are still unclear. We compared the patterns and extent of DNA methylation in three strains of Microcystis, PCC 7806SL, NIES-2549 and FACHB-1757, using Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology. Intact restriction-modification (R-M) systems were identified from the genomes of these strains, and from two previously sequenced strains of Microcystis, NIES-843 and TAIHU98. A large number of methylation motifs and R-M genes were identified in these strains, which differ substantially among different strains. Of the 35 motifs identified, eighteen had not previously been reported. Strain NIES-843 contains a larger number of total putative methyltransferase genes than have been reported previously from any bacterial genome. Genomic comparisons reveal that methyltransferases (some partial) may have been acquired from the environment through horizontal gene transfer. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Skedulering van gade-vermydende gemengde - dubbels rondomtalie - tennistoernooie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. P. Burger

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available By die opstel van ’n gade-vermydende gemengde-dubbels rondomtalie-tennistoernooi van orde n worddaar gesoek na ’n spelskedule waarvolgens n getroude pare op s´ o ’n manier in gemengde-dubbelstennispotte kragte meet dat geen speler saam met sy/haar eggenoot in ’n span afgepaar word nie,geen speler teen sy/haar eggenoot te staan kom nie, elke speler presies een keer teen elke anderspeler van dieselfde geslag te staan kom, elke speler presies een keer saam met elke speler van dieteenoorgestelde geslag (behalwe sy/haar gade in ’n span afgepaar word, en elke speler presies eenkeer teen elke speler van die teenoorgestelde geslag (behalwe sy/haar gade te staan kom. Hierdiepotte moet boonop in die kleinste moontlike aantal rondtes ingedeel word sodat geen speler in meeras een pot per rondte meeding nie, en sodat die aantal potte per rondte dieselfde en ’n maksimumis. Spelskedules vir sulke toernooie word vir n ≤ 20 opgestel en ter wille van naslaandoeleindes op ’ngebruikersvriendelike manier gedokumenteer.

  11. Interspecific competition for shelters in territorial and gregarious intertidal grazers: consequences for individual behaviour.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moisés A Aguilera

    Full Text Available Experiments have shown that interspecific interactions within consumer guilds can alter patterns of distribution, abundance and size of species. Plastic behavioural responses can be modulated by agonistic interactions. In many cases, consumers compete for space and shelters, and these interactions change the manner in which they exploit food. This study investigates the consequences of competition in the spatial and temporal organization of behaviour of intertidal grazers, which share algal resources and the use of rock crevices while resting, but exhibit different body sizes, spatial behaviour and foraging modes. We evaluate interaction strength between small gregarious Siphonaria lessoni and the larger territorial keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa and between S. lessoni and the medium-size gregarious chiton Chiton granosus. Using field manipulations and artificial arenas in the laboratory, we tested whether the use of crevices, micro-spatial distribution and activity are modified by the density of conspecifics and the presence of heterospecifics. Our results show that small-scale spatial segregation observed in the field between S. lessoni and C. granosus result from species-specific differences in habitat use. In turn, we found evidence that spatial segregation between F. crassa and S. lessoni results from highly asymmetric interference competition in the use of shelters. The presence of F. crassa reduced the use of crevices and growth rates of S. lessoni. Effects on growth rates are assumed to result from exposure to harsh environmental conditions rather than food limitation. Thus, neither gregarious behaviour nor differences in activity were sufficient to prevent competition with the larger grazer. Our study illustrates the importance of competition for shelters, which results in behavioural changes of the smaller-sized species, and how these plastic responses can translate into differences in growth rates. Use of shelters can thus be

  12. Vascular Flora of a Cerrado sensu stricto remnant in Pratânia, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carvalho, M. B.

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The Cerrado (Brazilian savanna has suffered massive destruction in recent years, mainly due tothe expansion of agricultural areas. Many remnants of this vegetation are still poorly studied. Therefore, thepurpose of this study was to carry out a floristic survey in a remnant of Cerrado in the municipality of Pratânia,central-west region of state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. In total, 120 species (38 families, 88 genera wereregistered. The families with greater richness were: Fabaceae (23 species, Asteraceae (15, Myrtaceae (10,Malpighiaceae and Rubiaceae (seven each and Bignoniaceae (five. The shrub component was predominant inthe study area representing 37.5 % of the recorded species. A comparison among eight Cerrado areas showedgreater similarity between areas with similar altitude.

  13. Violation des droits de l'homme, internationale et globale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miklavčič-Predan Neva

    2009-01-01

    -ci tandis que les citoyens ordinaires ne peuvent pas les pratiquer impunément. Donc, l' idée et la mise en œuvre du système des organisations non-gouvernementales comporte un schisme, ce qui empêche leur bon fonctionnement, en limitant leurs activités à un niveau symbolique d' une action statique formelle en faveur des droits de l' homme, qui ne peut pas être mise en œuvre. Ce qui en résulte, c' est l' hypocrisie du nouveau système, qui, soi-disant, permet une action civile, mais en fait il la limité et l' empêche. Le rôle de la communauté internationale à soutenir les ON Gest également réalisé au niveau d' un soutien symbolique pour les projets bénignes qui ne s' attaquent pas aux vrais problèmes mais aux sujets qui ne changent rien du tout et maintiennent le statu quo. C' est comme cela que cela se passe en Slovénie. La Constitution de la République de Slovénie dans son préambule explique que l' indépendance de la Slovénie était nécessaire pour la protection des droits de l' homme, en s' appuyant sur 'le fait que dans la Yougoslavie étaient vraiment violés les droits humains, les droits nationaux et les droits des républiques et régions autonomes(... L' Assemblée de la République de Slovénie accepte la loi constitutionnelle de base de l' autonomie et de l' indépendance de la République de Slovénie'. Dans le troisième paragraphe de ce document 'la République de Slovénie garantit la protection des droits de l' homme et des libertés fondamentales de toutes les personnes sur le territoire de la République de Slovénie, indépendamment de leur nationalité, sans aucune discrimination, conformément à la Constitution de la République de Slovénie et les traités internationaux'. Tout ce qui dans ce texte au caractère déclaratif était l' obligation de la République de Slovénie dans la pratique est tout à fait autre chose - il suffit de prendre en compte que l' effacement de 83 560-130 000 non Slovènes du registre des r

  14. Omics for Investigating Chitosan as an Antifungal and Gene Modulator

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Federico Lopez-Moya

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Chitosan is a biopolymer with a wide range of applications. The use of chitosan in clinical medicine to control infections by fungal pathogens such as Candida spp. is one of its most promising applications in view of the reduced number of antifungals available. Chitosan increases intracellular oxidative stress, then permeabilizes the plasma membrane of sensitive filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa and yeast. Transcriptomics reveals plasma membrane homeostasis and oxidative metabolism genes as key players in the response of fungi to chitosan. A lipase and a monosaccharide transporter, both inner plasma membrane proteins, and a glutathione transferase are main chitosan targets in N. crassa. Biocontrol fungi such as Pochonia chlamydosporia have a low content of polyunsaturated free fatty acids in their plasma membranes and are resistant to chitosan. Genome sequencing of P. chlamydosporia reveals a wide gene machinery to degrade and assimilate chitosan. Chitosan increases P. chlamydosporia sporulation and enhances parasitism of plant parasitic nematodes by the fungus. Omics studies allow understanding the mode of action of chitosan and help its development as an antifungal and gene modulator.

  15. New degraded quinone diterpenoid from the stems of Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunt (Malpighiaceae)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sousa, Lorena R.F. de; Santos, Marcos H.F.; Severino, Vanessa G.P.; Severino, Richele P.; Vieira, Paulo C.

    2018-01-01

    A chemical investigation of two specimens of Byrsonima coccolobifolia collected in the southeast cerrado and from central Brazil was performed. A new degraded diterpenoid, byrsonimaquinone, was isolated from the stems along with known compounds. This is the first study on the roots of B. coccolobifolia, and several triterpenes, such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid, and glochidonol, along with a mixture of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol, were identified. These compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, GC-MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry. (author)

  16. New degraded quinone diterpenoid from the stems of Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunt (Malpighiaceae)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sousa, Lorena R.F. de; Santos, Marcos H.F.; Severino, Vanessa G.P.; Severino, Richele P. [Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), GO (Brazil). Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Química; Vieira, Paulo C., E-mail: dpcv@ufscar.br [Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), SP (Brazil). Departamehnto de Quimica

    2018-02-15

    A chemical investigation of two specimens of Byrsonima coccolobifolia collected in the southeast cerrado and from central Brazil was performed. A new degraded diterpenoid, byrsonimaquinone, was isolated from the stems along with known compounds. This is the first study on the roots of B. coccolobifolia, and several triterpenes, such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid, and glochidonol, along with a mixture of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol, were identified. These compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, GC-MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry. (author)

  17. Communication of job-related information and work family conflict in dual-career couples

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bedelia Theunissen

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available It is known that work-family conflict is a determinant of marital dissatisfaction. The goal of this study was to determine whether inadequate communication regarding the sharing of job-related information between dual-career spouses contributes to marital dissatisfaction. The Work Perception Questionnaire (WPQ was designed and administered to obtain information on dimensions that 80 dual-career couples (married or in co-habitation perceived to contribute to marital conflict and that have an impact on the quality of their relationships. The main findings indicated that male partners experienced more marital conflict than their female partners if they did not have adequate job-related information about their partner’s work. However, the findings for the female partners were nonsignificant. The implications of the findings are discussed. Opsomming Dit is algemeen bekend dat werk- en gesinskonflik ‘n oorsaak van huweliksontevredenheid is. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of ontoereikende kommunikasie oor werksverwante inligting tussen gades in dubbelloopbaanverhoudings ‘n bydraende faktor tot huweliksontevredenheid is. Die Werk Persepsie Vraelys (WPV is ontwerp en toegepas ten einde inligting te versamel rakende sekere dimensies wat volgens die persepsies van 80 dubbelloopbaanpare (wat getroud is of saamwoon aanleiding gee tot huwelikskonflik en wat moontlik ‘n impak op die gehalte van hul verhouding mag hê. Die belangrikste bevinding was dat manlike gades meer huwelikskonflik ervaar indien hul gades nie werksverwante inligting met hulle deel nie. Die resultate vir vroulike gades was egter nie beduidend nie. Die implikasies van die resultate word bespreek.

  18. Evolution of the Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis Pathways in Green Algae: Combinatorial Diversity of Methyltransferases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hirashima, Takashi; Toyoshima, Masakazu; Moriyama, Takashi; Sato, Naoki

    2018-01-01

    Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is one of the most common phospholipids in eukaryotes, although some green algae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are known to lack PC. Recently, we detected PC in four species in the genus Chlamydomonas: C. applanata NIES-2202, C. asymmetrica NIES-2207, C. debaryana NIES-2212, and C. sphaeroides NIES-2242. To reveal the PC biosynthesis pathways in green algae and the evolutionary scenario involved in their diversity, we analyzed the PC biosynthesis genes in these four algae using draft genome sequences. Homology searches suggested that PC in these species is synthesized by phosphoethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEAMT) and/or phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT), both of which are absent in C. reinhardtii. Recombinant PEAMTs from these algae showed methyltransferase activity for phosphoethanolamine but not for monomethyl phosphoethanolamine in vitro, in contrast to land plant PEAMT, which catalyzes the three methylations from phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine. This suggested an involvement of other methyltransferases in PC biosynthesis. Here, we characterized the putative phospholipid-N-methyltransferase (PLMT) genes of these species by genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Complementation assays using a PC biosynthesis-deficient yeast suggested that the PLMTs of these algae can synthesize PC from phosphatidylethanolamine. These results indicated that the PC biosynthesis pathways in green algae differ from those of land plants, although the enzymes involved are homologous. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the PEAMTs and PLMTs in these algae were inherited from the common ancestor of green algae. The absence of PC biosynthesis in many Chlamydomonas species is likely a result of parallel losses of PEAMT and PLMT in this genus.

  19. Nurses' and doctors' perceptions regarding the implementation of a triage system in an emergency unit in South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean E. Augustyn

    2009-09-01

    Opsomming Triage assessering van pasiënte met hulle aankoms by ‘n ongeluk/noodeenheid is ‘n noodsaaklike funksie van noodsorgvoorsiening, en is ‘n koste-effektiewe en tydbesparende onderneming. Hierdie studie het die persepsies van dokters en verpleegkundiges ondersoek betreffende die implementering van die Cape Triage Score in een noodeenheid. Die uitdagings wat ervaar is voor die implementering van die Cape Triage Score, die rolle en kernvaardighede van die triage verpleegkundige asook die swak en sterk punte van die Cape Triage Score is aangespreek. In hierdie beskrywende, kwantitatiewe en verkennende studie het 15 verpleegkundiges en dokters vraelyste voltooi. Uitdagings het verminder en die prioritisering van die pasiënte het verbeter na die implementering van die Cape Triage Score. Ander sterk punte van die stelsel het ingesluit dat die triage verpleegkundige die pasiënte geprioritiseer het, nie die ontvangsdame of die administratiewe personeel nie, en verpleegkundiges kon voorlopige ondersoeke doen sonder om op doktersbevele te wag. Die swakhede van die geïmplementeerde Cape Triage Score het ingesluit dat dit nog nie ten volle 100% van die tyd gefunksioneer het nie, en dat dit moeilik was om triage gedurende spitstye te handhaaf as gevolg van ‘n tekort aan verpleegkundiges. Die aanbevelings het ingesluit dat bestuur oortuig moet word van die voordele van die stelsel, verpleegkundiges triage funksies op ‘n rotasiebasis moet uitvoer, meer verpleegkundiges beskikbaar moet wees gedurende spitstye; en dat administratiewe en ontvangspersoneel ook georiënteer moet word ten opsigte van die triage stelsel.

  20. Organizacja polskiej administracji ogólnej w regionie czarnkowsko-trzcianeckim w 1945 roku

    OpenAIRE

    Degen, Robert

    2012-01-01

    Komuniści przejmujący władzę w Polsce latem 1944 roku nie zdecydowali się na wprowadzenie własnego modelu administracji terenowej, który został opracowany kilka miesięcy wcześniej. Jedynymi organami administracji lokalnej miały być w nim rady narodowe. Mimo prób, nieliczne, powstałe w konspiracji rady nie zdały egzaminu w lipcu i sierpniu 1944 r. Dopiero przywrócenie systemu przedwojennych organów administracji lokalnej, uzupełnienie o rady narodowe i obsadzenie ich przez ludzi związanych z k...

  1. Skuteczność kliniczna doustnego preparatu Souvenaid® jako wsparcia niefarmakologicznego osób z chorobą Alzheimera – przegląd badań

    OpenAIRE

    Anna Barczak

    2017-01-01

    Choroba Alzheimera wiąże się nie tylko ze zmianami w zakresie funkcji poznawczych, zachowania i codziennego funkcjonowania, lecz także z obecnością zmian niedoborowych. Niezależnie od związanych z otępieniem czynników prowadzących do niedożywienia sama choroba powoduje brak substancji potrzebnych do procesu synaptogenezy. Klasyczną farmakoterapię mogą wspomóc specyficzne interwencje dietetyczne, przyczyniające się do pozytywnych zmian w zakresie neuroprzekaźnictwa. Jednym z takich...

  2. The Contribution of F.W. Taylor to Industrial and Organizational Psychology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. C. Thomas

    1982-11-01

    In die artikel word getoon dat F.W. Taylor die erkende "vader van wetenskaplike bestuur" ook erkenning behoort te geniet as grondlegger van die Bedryf en -organisasiesielkunde. Sy werk op die terreine van prestasiemotivering en tevredenheid, opleiding, plasing van werkers, bestuurs- en organisasieontwikkeling en arbeidsverhoudinge het waarskynlik die werk van erkende sielkundiges op hierdie gebiede vooruitgeloop, of grondslag daarvoor gelê. Daar word tot die slotsom gekom dat alhoewel Taylor nie 'n opgeleide sielkundige was nie, hy en sy kollegas erkenning moet kry vir die praktiese implimentering van die beginsels en teorieë van die moderne Bedryf- en Organisasiesielkunde.

  3. Adolescent mothers’ knowledge and perceptions of contraceptives in Tshwane, South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V J Ehlers

    2003-11-01

    Full Text Available This descriptive quantitative survey attempted to identify reasons why adolescent mothers (aged 19 or younger at the birth of their babies failed to utilise contraceptive, emergency contraceptive and/or termination of pregnancy (TOP services. Opsomming Hierdie beskrywende kwantitatiewe opname het gepoog om redes te bepaal waarom adolessente moeders (wat 19 jaar oud of jonger was tydens die geboorte van hulle babas nie gebruik gemaak het van kontrasepsie (voorbehoedmiddels of noodkontrasepsie, en/of terminasie van swangerskap (“termination of pregnancy - TOP” dienste nie. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

  4. Die partypolitiek en die toekoms van die Afrikaanse volkskultuur

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.P. Treurnicht

    1970-03-01

    Full Text Available Reeds in 1853 het die Zuid Afrikaan hom soos volg uitgelaat: „Dis ’n dwaling wat ons reeds meermale bestry het dat ons as Britse onderdane verplig sou wees, om die Britse nasionaliteit ons s’n te maak. Die Kolonis van Hollandse oorsprong kan geen Engelsman word nie, en moet ook geen Nederlander wil wees nie. Wanneer hy weet om sy standpunt te waardeer, dan sal hy as verligte kolonis die grondtrekke van die Engelse volkskarakter met dié van die Nederlandse harmonies leer verenig en daardeur word wat hy as Kapenaar moet word.”

  5. Trace element determination in human bones using the neutron activation analysis method; Determinacao de elementos traco em ossos humanos pelo metodo de analise por ativacao com neutrons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kramarski, Sila; Saiki, Mitiko [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Borelli, Aurelio [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Medicina. Lab. de Nutricao Humana; Batalha, Joao R.F. [Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Medicina

    1997-10-01

    This work presents the results obtained in the analysis of rib bone samples from normal human individuals by applying instrumental neutron activation analysis. In these analyses, the elements Br, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Sr and Zn were found at the ppm level and the elements Ca and P at the level of percentage. The precision and the of the results were evaluated by using biological reference materials NIST SRM 1577a Bovine Liver, IAEA A-11 Milk powder, NIES CRM 9 Sargasso e NIES CRM 10A Rice Flour Unpolished. (author). 5 refs., 3 tabs.

  6. Trace element determination in human bones using the neutron activation analysis method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kramarski, Sila; Saiki, Mitiko; Borelli, Aurelio; Batalha, Joao R.F.

    1997-01-01

    This work presents the results obtained in the analysis of rib bone samples from normal human individuals by applying instrumental neutron activation analysis. In these analyses, the elements Br, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Sr and Zn were found at the ppm level and the elements Ca and P at the level of percentage. The precision and the of the results were evaluated by using biological reference materials NIST SRM 1577a Bovine Liver, IAEA A-11 Milk powder, NIES CRM 9 Sargasso e NIES CRM 10A Rice Flour Unpolished. (author). 5 refs., 3 tabs

  7. Factors Influencing A Customer-Service Culture In A Higher Education Environment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacques Liebenberg

    2004-11-01

    Die hoëronderwysomgewing is besig om betekenisvol te verander, en die fokus is besig om na mededingendheid en kliëntesorg te verskuif. Die rol van organisasiekultuur en werksbevrediging in die lewering van hoëgehaltekliëntediens is in hierdie studie ondersoek. Daar is aanduidings dat daar ’n verband tussen organisasiekultuur en leerdertevredenheid is, maar dit het geblyk dat daar nie ’n betekenisvolle verband tussen werksbevrediging en leerdertevredenheid is nie. ’n Evaluering van ’n voorgestelde leerdertevredenheidsmodel het interessante dinamika wat die verhouding tussen die kerndimensies van die studie beïnvloed, aan die lig gebring.

  8. Die nabyheid van die Koninkryk

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    W.J. Snyman

    1963-03-01

    Full Text Available Vanweë die belangrikheid daarvan volg hier ’n breër bespreking van die proefskrif van dr. Tjaart van der Walt oor die nabyheid van die Koninkryk as wat in ’n gewone resensie kan geskied. Die vraagstuk wat onder oë gesien word is so oud as die kerk en die teologie, soms minder en soms meer op die voorgrond. Tans kan gesê word, staan dit in die middelpunt. Daarby is dit nie maar ’n akademiese vraagstuk nie, maar ’n vraagstuk waarvoor elke nadenkende leser van die Skrif te staan kom.

  9. The non-social world of work - a personal view point. The effect of physical factors shiftwork and overtime on job performance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. van der Merwe

    1977-11-01

    Aandag word gevestig daarop dat bedryfsielkundiges relatief min klem lê op die invloed van sekere "nie-sosiale" faktore in die werksituasie. Dit sluit veral fisiese werksomstandighede, werksure, oortyd en skofwerk in. Onlangse Suid-Afrikaanse navorsing onder Swart- en Kleurlingwerkers word beskryf en daar word aanbeveel dat werkerreaksie teenoor die faktore gereeld gemeet word deur statistiek van afwesigheid en arbeidsomset te verkry en te ontleed. Data oor 'n tydperk van jare ingesamel, wys daarop dat patrone van onttrekking binne spesifieke organisasies min of meer stabiel is en steun die hipotese dat nie-sosiale faktore binne die organisasie grotendeels hiervoor verantwoordelik is

  10. Psalm 151 — uit Septuaginta en Qumran*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. J. Smit

    1969-03-01

    Full Text Available Psalm 151? Nog nooit van gehoor nie? Daar is mos maar net presies 150 Psalms. So is ons dit al die jare al gewoond. Dit is natuurlik waar ook. Die Bybel bevat presies 150 kanonieke Psalms. Om dit anders te stel: in die kanon van die O.T. is daar 150 psalms in die boek Psalms opgeneem. Hierdie psalms kom ook in beryming voor soos ons dit tans in die kerk sing. Naas die psalms sing die Afrikaanse kerke ook „gesange” en „Skrifberymings”, maar ons sal dit nooit waag om een hiervan ook „psalm” te noem nie.

  11. Dopluise (Hemiptera: Coccoidea geassosieer met die wipstertmier, Crematogaster peringueyi Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johannes H. Giliomee

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Neste van die wipstertmier, Crematogaster peringueyi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, is op verskeie plekke langs die kus van die Wes-Kaap versamel. Die doel was om vas te stel watter dopluisagtiges (Hemiptera: Coccoidea in die neste in assosiasie met hierdie miere leef. Dopluise van drie families, naamlik die Pseudococcidae (witluise, Coccidae (sagtedopluise en Kerriidae (lakdopluise is in die neste gevind, almal bekend daarvoor dat hulle heuningdou afskei. Hierdie mutualistiese verhouding tussen die miere en dopluise, bekend as mirmekofilie, is fakultatief van aard. Die wipstertmier blyk ook nie spesifiek te wees wat betref die plant waarop hulle nes maak nie.

  12. Ontsporing van die regstaatsbegrip en sy konsekwensies vir die afrikanervolk

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. G.S. Van der Walt

    1966-03-01

    Full Text Available Die opvatting van die suiwere regstaat bring sy vraagstukke mee wanneer dit in verband gebring word met die leer van die soewereiniteit in eie kring. Laasgenoemde leer wortel in die geloof dat God die mens roep tot diens aan Hom, en dat die mens vry moet wees om ten opsigte van alle lewensaspekte God na die hoogste mate te kan dien. Hierdie verskeidenheid van aspekte is deur dr. A. Kuyper en sy volgelinge gesistemati- seer tot menslike verbande en lewenskringe, elk met ’n be- paalde sfeer waarin ander kringe nie mag inmeng nie. Elkeen is dan soewerein binne sy eie kring. Met verwysing na die staat is dan gespreek van die staatstaak as synde die hand- hawing van die reg, en omdat die staat in toenemende mate hom veral in die latere tyd ook besig gehou het met bedrywig- hede wat nouliks as van juridiese aard beskou kan word, is daar die onderskeid gemaak tussen die primêre en sekundêre taak van die staat. Die sistematiek van die wetsidee, deur prof. Dooyeweerd ontwikkel, waar die staat sy bestemmingsfunksie in die regsaspek vind, het vanselfsprekend geen plek vir so 'n dualistiese staatstaak nie, en die oplossing is deur sommige daarin gesoek om sulke staatsoptrede te vertolk as hebbende wel betrekking op die regsgemeenskap of die regsverkeer. Staatsondernemings soos paaie, spoorweë, spellingreëling, ens. word dan beskou as noodsaaklik vir die instandhouding van die regsgemeenskap en regsverkeer. Tereg wys A. M. Donner1 daarop dat so ’n vertolking eintlik neerkom op ’n oorspanning van die regsbegrip. Hy self sien dan die staatstaak in vrede- of orde-handhawing, wat in die eerste plaas wel regshandha- wing veronderstel. Onder orde word dan alles verstaan wat noodsaaklik is vir die gladde verkeer in die ontwikkelingsgang van die regsgemeenskap. Die wese van die staat het dan vol- gens hom te doen met reg, maar sy taak is meer as suiwere regshandhawing. Wat onrus verwek en die orde versteur, moet uit die openbare lewe verwyder word, en die

  13. Między pamięcią a zapomnieniem Shoah. Problem estetycznej neutralizacji przeszłości w myśleniu historycznym Saula Friedländera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sawicki, Maciej

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available W tekstach Saula Friedländera problem indywidualnej pamięci Shoahstanowił jedną z głównych granic dla dyskursu. Punktem krytycznym jego refleksji nad pamięcią stała się kwestia społecznego myślenia zbawczego, które stanowiło reakcję obronną wobec katastrofy. Fenomen ten ujawnił się szczególnie wyraźnie w publicznej formie pamięci, która z jednej strony domagała się prostoty i jasnej interpretacji, jako że jej zadaniem było oswojenie niekoherencji, wyeliminowanie bólu oraz rozbudzenie nadziei u współczesnych; z drugiej strony indywidualna pamięć głęboka ocalałych – nie znająca zasad – nie godziła się na formę pamięci publicznej, mimo że nie była w stanie jej się oprzeć. Według Friedländera ekspansja pamięci publicznej i zanikanie pamięci indywidualnej sprawia, iż "pamięć Shoah prawdopodobnie nie ucieknie przed całkowitą rytualizacją"1. W swoich rozważaniach częstokroć zwracał on uwagę na to, że sztuka nie może przeciwdziałać oswajaniu grozy, ponieważ musi wyrażać indywidualną pamięć przeszłości w pewnych prostych formach. Oprócz tego problematyczny stał się fakt, że same kategorie sztuki po Holokauście zostały zawładnięte przez przemysł kulturowy i politykę, przez co problem pamięci stał się środkiem przetargowym dla innych celów. Nawiązując za Friedländerem do aktualnego impasu wobec różnych oswajających mechanizmów pamięci, spróbuję poddać pod rozwagę kwestię granic i możliwości w tworzeniu estetycznego pomostu między teraźniejszością a przeszłością.

  14. Potrzeby i możliwości rehabilitacji chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane w Polsce

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrzej Potemkowski

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Specyfika stwardnienia rozsianego sprawia, że rehabilitacja pacjentów cierpiących na tę chorobę jest jednym z najtrudniejszych zadań rehabilitacji neurologicznej. Liczne objawy stwardnienia rozsianego znacznie obniżają jakość życia około 40 000 chorych żyjących w Polsce. Choć rehabilitacja nie zmniejsza istotnie częstości rzutów ani nie zatrzymuje progresji choroby, to – jeśli jest odpowiednio, nowocześnie prowadzona – poprawia nie tylko obiektywne wskaźniki, lecz także subiektywne samopoczucie i samoocenę, a w rezultacie daje możliwość wytworzenia pozytywnego obrazu siebie. Potrzeby polskich chorych są duże, ale dostępność rehabilitacji (zarówno ambulatoryjnej, jak i  stacjonarnej jest wysoce niesatysfakcjonująca. W związku z tym powinno się optymalizować jakość rehabilitacji prowadzonej przez chorych samodzielnie, w warunkach domowych. Duże znaczenie mają zatem wiedza pacjenta na temat wpływu rehabilitacji na chorobę i możliwych form leczniczych, jak również świadomość skutków zaniechania tej formy leczenia. Stwardnienie rozsiane, niezależnie od postaci, prowadzi do niepełnosprawności i obniżenia jakości życia, a to ogranicza samodzielność, niesie ze sobą ryzyko utraty pracy, utrudnia samoobsługę i swobodę w zakresie aktywności dnia codziennego. Istotna staje się rola rehabilitacyjnych zespołów terapeutycznych (specjaliści neurologii i rehabilitacji plus fizjoterapeuta, które powinny istnieć w każdej poradni diagnostyki i leczenia stwardnienia rozsianego. Ustalenie przez taki zespół ubytków funkcji oraz określenie celów i planu postępowania pozwoliłyby na zmniejszanie skutków postępu choroby.

  15. Gründerzeit – Od skandalu do stylu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacek K. Knothe

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Przyjmuje się, iż architektura ‘okresu założycieli’ – ‘Grűnderzeit’ występowała w Niemczech w latach 1870-1920, to jest dłużej niż do zakończenia I wojny światowej stanowiącej swoistą cezurę XX wieku. Na terenie Polski, w miarę rozprzestrzeniania się przychodzącego z Europy postępu technicznego, styl Grűnderzeit następował pod koniec XIX wieku z niewielkim tylko opóźnieniem w stosunku do Niemiec, a wraz z nim jeszcze 12 stylów okresu historyzmu. Budynki z okresu Grűnderzeit, powszechnie obecne w centrach polskich miast pomimo zniszczeń spowodowanych II wojną, stanowią zwykle obiekty najstarsze i choćby z tego powodu uznawane są za estetyczny kanon historycznej zabudowy mieszkaniowej. Zamiarem autora jest przywrócenie do literatury polskiej terminu Grűnderzeit jako bardziej precyzyjnie określającego styl niż termin ‘historyzm’, używany do opisania praktycznie każdej formy architektonicznej z okresu poprzedzającego modernizm. Autorowi chodzi też o spowodowanie w polskiej literaturze dekonstrukcji terminu ‘historyzm’ i wyodrębnienie z niego terminu Grűnderzeit, ponadto o rozprawienie się z funkcjonującymi na temat stylu Grűnderzeit uprzedzeniami oraz o wykazanie związków i wpływu tego stylu na architekturę tkanki miejskiej większości polskich miast, nie tylko tych położonych na zachód od Wisły. Bezrefleksyjność lub też pogląd, iż architektura z przełomu XIX i XX wieku na terenie Polski nie miała korzeni w XIX wiecznej architekturze Europy, a jeśli nawet miała, to na pewno nie były one niemieckie, w erze globalizmu która właśnie wtedy się rozpoczynała, nie wytrzymuje próby.

  16. Perception of seriousness and preventive health actions of patients with type 2 diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susanna C.D. Wright

    2009-08-01

    Opsomming Diabetes mellitus is 'n algemene chroniese gesondheidstoestand. Alhoewel tipe 2-diabetes 'n ernstige toestand is, veroorsaak komplikasies die meeste morbiditeit en mortaliteit. Dit is moontlik vir 'n persoon met tipe 2-diabetes om 'n normale, gelukkige lewe te lei met die nodige behandeling en motivering. Behandeling behels verhoogde fisiese aktiwiteit, gewigsverlies, 'n gesonde dieet en orale medikasie of insulienbehandeling. Pasiënte is egter verantwoordelik vir 95% van hul behandeling. Volgens die Gesondheidsbevorderingsmodel kan 'n verpleegkundige 'n pasiënt ondersteun deur te fokus op die voordele van behandeling, voorligting om probleme te oorkom en deur positiewe terugvoering. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of die pasiënte met tipe 2-diabetes wat voorligting en berading by 'n Sentrum vir Diabetes in Limpopo Provinsie ontvang, hul toestand as ernstig beskou en of hulle hul lewenswyse verander ten einde komplikasies te voorkom. Die ontwerp was 'n ondersoekende kwantitatiewe opname. Die gerieflikheidsteekproef was veertig deelnemers (n=40. Die data-insamelingsmetode was self-rapportering deur middel van 'n vraelys en die data is met behulp van beskrywende en statistiese analise ontleed. Die resultate dui daarop dat die meerderheid van die groep se fisiese lesings hoër as normaal was (oorgewig 85%, hipertensie 35%, HbA1c 65% en middellyn 70%. Die meeste van die deelnemers (87.5% het hul diagnose van tipe 2 diabetes as nie ernstig nie en goed gekontroleerd beskou. Die oplossing oor hoe om mense te leer om hul lewenswyse te verander om komplikasies te voorkom terwyl hulle op die oomblik nog goed voel, is nog nie bepaal nie.

  17. The effect of organisational restructuring on job satisfaction, career aspirations and stress levels of employees

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. N. Marais

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available The field study reported here examined the effects of organisational restructuring on employees' job satisfaction, career aspirations and stress levels. Immediately after restructuring took place in the organisation, the employees affected by this advent were tested to determine whether restructuring would impact on the three variables. Eight months after restructuring in the organisation took place their job satisfaction, career aspirations and stress levels were measured again. The results of the research indicated no changes in job satisfaction levels, career aspirations or stress levels. The results provided no support for the expectation that after a time lapse of eight months the effects or organisational restructuring would diminish and that workers would experience a greater degree of job satisfaction. In addition, it would appear that the time lapse did not improve perceived career prospects or that stress levels decreased. Opsomming Die navorsing wat hier gerapporteer word/ het die effek van organisatoriese herstrukturering op werknemers se werkstevredenheid, loopbaanaspirasies en spanningsvlakke ondersoek. Onmiddellik nadat herstrukturering in die organisasie plaasgcvind het, is die werknemers wat deur die herstrukturering geraak is, getoets om vas te stel of herstrukturering 'n impak op die drie veranderlikes sou hê. Agt maande later is hul werkstevredenheid, loopbaanaspirasies en spanningsvlakke weer gemeet. Daar is gevind dat die werknemers se reaksie op organisatoriese herstrukturering onveranderd gebly het. Die resultate het geen steun verleen aan die verwagting dat die tydsverloop van agt maande die effek van organisatoriese herstrukturering sal verminder nie en dat werknemers tot 'n groter mate werkstevredenheid sal ervaar nie. Dit blyk verder dat die tydsverloop ook nie verbeterde loopbaanvooruitsigte tot gevolg gehad het of dat die werknemers se spanningsvlakke verlaag het nie.

  18. Prebiotika: selektiewe substraat vir voordelige mikroflora

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Viljoen

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available

    Prebiotika is voedselbestanddele wat nie deur die gasheerensieme verteer word nie. Prebiotika word in die kolon deur kolonbakterieë soos bifidobakterieë gefermenteer met ’n aantal voordele vir die gasheer. Dit dien as selektiewe substraat vir daardie mikroflora wat vir die mens tot voordeel strek en verhoog terselfdertyd die fermentasiekapasiteit van die kolon. Onverteerbare oligosakkariede is die beste prebiotika omdat dit die groei en kolonisering van voordelige bakterieë soos bifidobakterieë selektief ondersteun en die metaboliese eindprodukte nie toksies is nie. Die mees algemene voorbeelde van oligosakkariedprebiotika is fruktooligosakkariede (FOS, galaktooligosakkariede (GOS en sojaboonoligosakkariede. Die prebiotika-probiotika-gasheerselinteraksie speel ’n rol in die integriteit van die gastroïntestinale kanaal, mukosale immuniteit, die absorpsie van minerale en ander aspekte van die mens se fisiologie.

    Abstract

    Prebiotics: selective substrate for beneficial microflora

    Prebiotics are food ingredients that are not digested by the host’s digestive enzymes. Prebiotics are fermented in the colon under influence of colon bacteria such as bifidobacteria. It serves as selective substrate for those microflora that benefit the host and simultaneously increases the fermentation capacity of the colon. Oligosaccharides are the best general prebiotics as they stimulate the growth and colonisation of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and their metabolites are not toxic. Common examples of prebiotics include fructooligosaccharides (FOS, galactooligosaccharides (GOS and soybean oligosaccharides. The prebiotic-probiotic-host cell interaction plays a role in the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract, the mucosal immune system, the absorption of minerals and other aspects of the human physiology.

  19. Nevermore pressure in annular spaces.?; Nie mehr Ringraumaktivitaeten.?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nickel, Frank [Untergrundspeicher- und Geotechnologie-Systeme GmbH (UGS), Mittenwalde (Germany); Scheler, Robert [VNG-Verbundnetz Gas AG (VNG), Leipzig (Germany)

    2009-11-15

    Sure the exclamation mark in the headline seems provocative, because in spite of reasonable diligence and complex installations there are consistently problems with the annulus directly around the production tubing. As always the aim of every completion is to achieve a gas tight subsurface installation. Therefore the question mark makes this relevant. Certainly nothing can be totally warranted under the influences of the borehole conditions but basically in this matter a big step forward was made. Therefore it's possible, depending on the borehole length, to exclude 40 to 300 possible leakage sources. What is an established technology for cavern boreholes for years now is also possible in pore storage boreholes and even now in production boreholes for oil and natural gas. The welded tubing string installation eliminates the alternating tension-compression stress of the screw-coupling due to alternating pressure and temperature conditions. Simply the connections to the production packer and the Xmas tree are still possible causes for leakages which are now relatively easy to localize. In the article, the first time tubing installation for an underground storage borehole by welding will be explained with a specific example: on a production well which has operated for 35 years at VNG's (Verbundnetz Gas AG) UGS (underground storage) in Bad Lauchstaedt and which has been recompleted twice, there was a mid-term danger of damage to the cement sheath of the production string, due to the in-situ pressure. Therefore VNG instructed the recompletion of the borehole with packer, tubing string and Xmas tree. Besides the actual welded tube installation, the safety-related precautions before and after the welding will be presented. For this project alone several technical tools and methods were developed and used which had not been used up to now in the underground storage sector. The following key aspects are described: technologies and measures which warranted the safety at all times during the recompletion, especially during the welding of the tubing installation, to guarantee the ability to act with the work-over equipment in case of sudden gas flow, the recompletion procedure itself. To weld tubing installations over an underground pore or fractured storage is proven to be safe. Based on the collected experiences and perceptions of the engineers an optimization for safety measures in the future is possible. (orig.)

  20. Die brein soos beskou deur die Grieke en Romeine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francois P. Retief

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available In Ou Egipte is mummifikasie met uitgebreide reseksie of uitsnyding van organe geassosieer, maar geen kennis is geneem van die morfologie van die brein nie. Griekse skrywers van die sesde en vyfde eeue v.C. het die brein aanvanklik gesien as die setel van intelligensie, die orgaan van sensoriese waarneming en gedeeltelik die oorsprong van sperma. Pneuma het ’n belangrike rol in breinfunksie gespeel. Hippokrates was die eerste om die brein te beskryf as ’n dubbele orgaan, wat met harsingvlies (meninges bedek, funksioneel van pneuma afhanklik en vertolker van begrip is. Tydgenote soos Plato, Aristoteles en Diokles het tot die beskrywing bygedra, maar laasgenoemde twee het beweer dat die hart die middelpunt van intelligensie is en nie die brein nie. Gedurende die laaste helfte van die vierde eeu v.C. is disseksie van die menslike liggaam tydelik aan die mediese skool van Alexandrië toegelaat en het dit tot merkwaardige vooruitgang in die begrip van die menslike anatomie en fisiologie gelei. Herofilus en Erasistratus het uitstekende beskrywings van die struktuur en funksie van die brein gegee wat eers in die tweede eeu n.C. deur Galenus geëwenaar is.

  1. Bioavailability and Methylation Potential of Mercury Sulfides in Sediments

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-08-01

    well-characterized for the fungus Neurospora crassa 72 , and likely occurs within most microorganisms 73 . Another possibility introduced by Larose...of molecular biology (e.g. genomics, proteomics , metabolomics) could provide assistance to this problem 67 . For example, scientists are now... proteomics tools to characterize the proteins involved in metabolic pathways and to determine the proteome of microorganisms exposed to contaminants

  2. Sal die ‘ewolusie’ vanaf biologie na lewenswetenskappe ‘uitsterwing’ van die vakgebied voorkom?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johanna G. Ferreira

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available In hierdie artikel word die wysiging van die skoolvak van ‘biologie’ na ‘lewenswetenskappe’ bespreek, asook die gepaardgaande en verwagte implikasies van die verandering. Die vraag word gestel of die beoogde wysiging wel noemenswaardig is en of dit enigsins ‘n verskil aan die dalende belangstelling in die lewenswetenskappe op tersiêre vlak sal maak. Die wysigings in die nuwe kurrikula verhoog die relevansie van die vakinhoud vir leerders en vir die gemeenskap, maar sekere kwessies kry nie aandag nie. Voorstelle word gemaak om die kurrikulum te wysig en onderrigmetodes aan te pas om die nodige vaardighede by leerders te vestig.

  3. Swartafrikaans: ‘n Alternatiewe gebruik

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna P. Maritz

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Die artikel bied ’n eerste oorsig van die aard van die alternatiewe funksies van Swartafrikaans. Hierdie funksies realiseer wanneer Swartafrikaans deur Afrikaansmoedertaalsprekers nagemaak of nagepraat word. Die funksies van die alternatiewe gebruik van Swartafrikaans sentreer rondom: die sosiale aard van die variasie, sensitiwiteit as ’n bepalende rolspeler, identiteit, humor, inklusiwiteit en eksklusiwiteit, taalrepertoire en ooreenkomstige variasies. Weens die direkte verhouding tussen Swartafrikaans, Gepidginiseerde Afrikaans en die napraat van Swartafrikaans, word dié variëteite ook vergelyk om sodoende ’n aanvangsbeskrywing vir die napraat van Swartafrikaans daar te stel aangesien dié variëteit nog nie beskryf is nie.

  4. Die Eerste Verhoudinge Tussen Boer en Brit.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. H. Cilliers

    1951-03-01

    Full Text Available Mens hoor deesdae, veral van Engelse kant, weer heelwat omtrent die „gevoel,” „rassehaat” e.s.m. wat daar dan tussen Afrikaans- en Engelssprekendes sou bestaan. Nou wil ek sommer dadelik sê dat dit een van dié oordrewe en gevaarlike algemeenhede is wat maklik is om te beweer maar wat gewoonlik op onkunde en/of kwaadwilligheid berusen meestal ook nie bewys kan word nie, iets wat dikwels sommer uit die lug gegryp is en hoofsaaklik op papier bestaan—in Engels sou ek met’n woordspeling wou sê: „On paper, more specifically, in the Englishpapers.”

  5. Otrzymana premia opcyjnaw świetle przepisów prawa bilansowego– artykuł dyskusyjny

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adrian Ryba

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available W artykule wykazano, iż otrzymana premia opcyjna nie stanowi zobowiązania jednostki gospodarczej. Zgodnie z przepisami prawa bilansowego, premia na dzień zawarcia kontraktu opcyjnego stanowi rozliczenie międzyokresowe przychodów. Ponadto w artykule wykazano, iż skutki przeszacowania instrumentów pochodnych (instrumentów finansowych, według zasad rachunkowości oraz definicji zysku jako kategorii ekonomicznej, nie stanowią przychodów jednostki na moment dokonania wyceny. Skutki wyceny powinny być ujmowane w kapitale z aktualizacji wyceny lub prezentowane jedynie w informacji dodatkowej, zgodnie z podstawową funkcją rachunkowości.

  6. Effect of redox conditions on the fate of emergin organic micropollutants during artificial recharge of groundwater: batch experiment

    OpenAIRE

    Barbieri, Manuela

    2011-01-01

    La recarrega artificial de les aigües subterrànies consisteix en infiltrar aigua als aqüífers per mitjà de les instal·lacions dissenyades per a tal fi i representa una eina important en la gestió dels recursos. A més de l’augment dels recursos d'aigües subterrànies, la recàrrega pot suposar una millora natural de la seva qualitat durant el seu pas pel subsòl. Els processos que tenen lloc en el sistema sòl-aqüífer (filtració, adsorció, reaccions de mescla , redox, biodegradació, et...

  7. Pylstertmotte (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae van die Nasionale Krugerwildtuin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. A. van den Berg

    1975-07-01

    Full Text Available 'n Totaal van 42 spesies van pylstertmotte is in die Nasionale Krugerwildtuin versamel. Die bekendste hiervan is die patatrusper (Herse convolvuli (L en die dood-skedelmot (Acherontia atropos (L. Die volgende spesies wat versamel is, se voorkoms is nog nie voorheen vir die Republiek van Suid-Afrika aangemeld nie nl. Pemba flavillacea (Walk., Praedora plagiata (R. &J., Leptoclanis basalis (Walk., Polyptychus calcareus (R. &J., Polyptychus compar (R. &J., Nephele aequivalens (Walk., Nephele peneus (Cram., Hippotion roseipennis (Butler en Xenosphingia jansei (Jord.. Die verspreiding van Oligographa juniperi (Bsd. wat langs die kusgebiede van Natal en die Oos-Kaap aangetrefword, is op verskeie plekke in die Krugerwildtuin versamel.

  8. „(A nasze dusze smutne mają pyski.leżą na dywanie. wyją. nie dają żyć” (J. Mansztajn, O duszy – leksem dusza w najnowszej poezji polskiej

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Stempel-Gancarczyk

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available “(Yet the faces of our souls are sad. lying on the carpet. howling. tormenting us.” (J. Mansztajn, O duszy – the lexeme dusza (soul in contemporary Polish poetry The article concerns the occurrences of the lexeme soul in contemporary Polish poetry. Due to the extensive amount of material available for analysis, it concentrates on volumes that were awarded or nominated in the selected Polish poetry contests in 2010–2015 (Wisława Szymborska Award, “Nike” Literary Award, “Silesius” Wrocław Poetry Award, Kościelscy Award, “Orfeusz” K. I. Gałczyński Poetry Award, “Gdynia” Literary Prize and “Złoty Środek Poezji” Award. The article presents the contexts of occurrence of the lexeme dusza (soul, as well as the related lexemes duch (spirit and duszyczka (small soul – animula, it characterizes the term in relation to its both religious and non-religious aspects, and shows what functions it serves in poetic texts.   „(A nasze dusze smutne mają pyski. leżą na dywanie. wyją. nie dają żyć” (J. Mansztajn, O duszy – leksem dusza w najnowszej poezji polskiej Artykuł dotyczy wystąpień leksemu dusza w najnowszej poezji polskiej. Z uwagi na zakres materiału dostępnego do analizy rozważania skupiają się na tomach nagrodzonych lub nominowanych do nagród w wybranych ogólnopolskich konkursach poetyckich w latach 2010–2015 (Nagroda im. Wisławy Szymborskiej, Nagroda Literacka „Nike”, Wrocławska Nagroda Poetycka „Silesius”, Nagroda Fundacji im. Kościelskich, Nagroda Poetycka im. K. I. Gałczyńskiego „Orfeusz”, Nagroda Literacka „Gdynia” oraz Nagroda „Złoty Środek Poezji”. W artykule przedstawione są konteksty pojawiania się leksemu dusza oraz leksemów pokrewnych: duch i duszyczka, charakterystyka tego pojęcia z uwzględnieniem aspektów religijnych i niereligijnych, a także funkcje, jakie zyskuje ono w tekstach poetyckich.

  9. Wisdom’s rebellion: Kingdom politics as a guerrilla drama

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Petrus P. Kruger

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available This article aims at exploring kingdom politics in South Africa as a guerrilla drama, not only of a contemporary play of wisdom as human virtue, but specifically in the form of the personified Wisdom’s play (cf. Christ’s parable of the children on the marketplace; Lk 7. Firstly, it investigates the availability of hermeneutical space for such an enterprise, attending to the concept of rebellion vis-à-vis a scripture-based, imaginative, theodramatic articulation of the Wisdom’s play of the parable. Secondly, the public space for the enactment of such a ‘wisdom’s rebellion’ is probed. It should not be neutrally indifferent to, but positively advancing of, the nearly universally accepted ‘golden rule’. The public space should, in the public imagination, be seen and treated as a kind of public theatre, hospitable to a plurality of worldviews, each freely and imaginatively enacting its own political alternatives before the critical eyes of a democratic voting public. A follow-up article will attempt to outline the difference it might make to the human dignity of the participants (actors and in their humane political actions (theodramatic roles, if they can imagine themselves as performing (not only theorising about and not only feeling passionately about wisdom’s subversive play of God’s kingdom in South Africa.   Hierdie artikel stel ondersoek in na koninkrykspolitiek in Suid-Afrika as ’n guerrilladrama wat die vorm van ’n wysheidspel aanneem; nie alleen ’n eietydse spel van wysheid as ’n menslike deug nie, maar veral as spel van die gepersonifieerde Wysheid (vgl. Christus se gelykenis van die kinders wat op die markplein speel; Luk 7. Eerstens word na die beskikbaarheid van ’n hermeneutiese ruimte vir so ’n onderneming gevra. Daarby word aandag geskenk aan die konsep van rebellie in verband met ’n skriftuurlik gefundeerde, verbeeldingryke, teodramatiese uitwerking van Wysheid se spel na aanleiding van die

  10. Profilicollis novaezelandensis n. sp. (Polymorphidae) and two other acanthocephalan parasites from shore birds (Haematopodidae and Scolopacidae) in New Zealand, with records of two species in intertidal crabs (Decapoda: Grapsidae and Ocypodidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brockerhoff, A M; Smales, L R

    2002-05-01

    Profilicollis novaezelandensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) is described from the South Island pied oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus finschi Martens (Haematopodidae) and the intertidal crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Milne Edwards) (Brachyura: Grapsidae) from the South Island of New Zealand. The new species can be distinguished from all the other species of the genus by a combination of the following characters: long neck (13% of total body length for adults) and a subspherical proboscis with 14-16 longitudinal rows of 7-8 hooks. The mud crabs Helice crassa Dana (Grapsidae) and Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Heller) (Ocypodidae) were also harbouring cystacanths and the bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica (Linnaeus) (Scolopacidae) juveniles of P. novaezelandensis. This is the first record of brachyuran decapods as intermediate hosts of Acanthocephala from New Zealand. P. antarcticus is recorded from three crab species (Helice crassa, Hemigraspus crenulatus and Macrophthalmus hirtipes) and two bird species (Haematopus o. finschi and Limosa lapponica) in New Zealand. An unidentified species of Plagiorhynchus was also found in two bird species (H. o. finschi and H. unicolor Forster). P. antarcticus and P. novaezelandensis are the first records of Profilicollis from New Zealand.

  11. Observing meiosis in filamentous fungi: Sordaria and Neurospora.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zickler, Denise

    2009-01-01

    The filamentous fungi Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora are materials of choice for recombination studies because each of the DNA strands involved in meiosis can be visually analyzed using spore-color mutants. Well-advanced molecular genetic methodologies have been developed for each of these fungi, and several mutants defective in recombination and/or pairing are available. Moreover, the complete genome sequence of N. crassa has made it possible to clone virtually any gene involved in their life cycle. Both fungi provide also a particularly attractive experimental system for cytological analysis of meiosis: stages can be determined independently of chromosomal morphology and their seven chromosomes are easily identified. The techniques for light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy presented here have been used, with success, for monitoring of chromosome behavior during both meiotic and sporulation processes. They have also proved useful for the analysis of mitochondria and peroxisomes as well as cytoskeleton and spindle pole-body components. Moreover, all techniques of this chapter can be easily applied to other filamentous ascomycetes, including other Sordaria and Neurospora species as well as Podospora, Ascobolus, Ascophanus, Fusarium, Neotiella, and Aspergillus species.

  12. Die bewerking van idiome in tweetalige woordeboeke

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    Liezl Potgieter

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Opsomming: Woordeboeke is belangrike en noodsaaklike hulpmiddels vir vertalers, maar tog het baie vertalers gemengde gevoelens oor veral tweetalige woordeboeke. Terwyl hulle aan die een kant nie werklik sonder hulle kan werk nie, bied tweetalige woordeboeke aan die ander kant dikwels vir die vertaler min of geen leiding. Dit blyk ook dat tweetalige woordeboeke nie voldoende hulpmiddels vir professionele vertalers is by die vertaling van idiome nie. Teorie? betreffende en benaderings tot vertaling word in die bespreking betrek. Die vertaling van idiome behels meer as net die vertaling van enkelwoorde. In hierdie artikel word aandag gegee aan die huidige bewerking van idiome in tweetalige woordeboeke sowel as die probleme waarmee vertalers gekonfronteer word by die vertaling van idiome. Sleutelwoorde: IDIOOM, TWEETALIGE WOORDEBOEK, VERTAALEKWIVALWENT, ABSOLUTE EKWIVALENSIE, GEDEELTELIKE EKWIVALENSIE, DIVERGENSIE, ZERO-EKWIVALENSIE, SURROGAATEKWIVALENSIE, REGISTERVERSKILLE, ONVASTHEDE, TAALBOUSELS Abstract: The Treatment of Idioms in Bilingual Dictionaries. Dictionaries are important and necessary aids for translators, but still many translators have mixed feelings especially regarding bilingual dictionaries. While on the one hand they cannot really work without them, on the other hand bilingual dictionaries often give the translator little or no guidance. It also appears that bilingual dictionaries are not sufficient aids for professional translators in the translation of idioms. Theories regarding and approaches to translation are broached in the discussion. The translation of idioms entails more than just the translation of single words. In this article, attention is given to the present treatment of idioms in bilingual dictionaries, as well as problems with which translators are confronted in the translation of idioms. Keywords: IDIOM, BILINGUAL DICTIONARY, TRANSLATION EQUIVALENT, ABSOLUTE EQUIVALENCE, PARTIAL EQUIVALENCE, DIVERGENCE, ZERO

  13. The Relationship Between Workers’ Financial Participation in Companies and Economic Results

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    Kozłowski Maciej

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Partycypacja finansowa pracowników, znana głównie pod postacią szeroko rozumianego udziału pracowników w zyskach oraz własności przedsiębiorstw, jest jak wiadomo, stosowana w przedsiębiorstwach od bardzo wielu lat, jednak koncentrując uwagę na czasach współczesnych, okres wdrażania rozwiązań z zakresu partycypacji finansowej to zaledwie 4 ostatnie dekady. Udział pracowników w podejmowaniu decyzji ma dłuższą tradycję, dzięki czemu został dosyć szczegółowo opisany w literaturze, a jego wpływ na wyniki osiągane przez przedsiębiorstwa nie podlega w zasadzie dyskusji i jest znany dzięki wielu badaniom prowadzonym przez naukowców na całym świecie i szczegółowym raportom. Partycypacja finansowa nie doczekała się tylu opracowań, toteż wiedza i informacja z tego zakresu są niepełne. Przyczyną tego stanu rzeczy jest m.in. brak kompleksowych badań na temat poszczególnych form partycypacji finansowej, ich nieregularność, brak współpracy pomiędzy państwami w zakresie wymiany informacji dotyczącej ilości wdrażanych rozwiązań partycypacyjnych itp. Oczywiście należy zdawać sobie sprawę, że objęcie badaniami wszystkich przedsiębiorstw nie jest możliwe, a uogólnianie wyników na wszystkie przedsiębiorstwa i wszystkie kraje nie wydaje się wskazane z racji odmiennych uwarunkowań i kryteriów doboru.

  14. Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson (Malpighiaceae

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    Maria Christina dos Santos Verdam

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. Byrsonima is a promising neotropical genus, rich in flavonoids and triterpenes, with several proven pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson is an Amazonian species almost not studied. Objective. To assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of Byrsonima duckeana leaves. Materials and Methods. We analyzed an ethanol extract and its fractions for polyphenol content and UHPLC-MS/MS, phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, TBARS antioxidant tests, formalin-induced pain, carrageenan-induced peritonitis, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhings, and hot plate assays. Results. All the samples showed high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, and TBARS tests. We identified ethyl gallate, quinic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetrin, and quercetin in the samples. B. duckeana was able to reduce leukocyte migration in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis by 43% and the licking time in the formalin test by 57%. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the chloroform (FCL and ethyl acetate (FEA fractions were the most active samples. FEA was selected for the hot plate test, where all the dosages tested (5, 50, and 200 mg·kg−1 showed significant analgesic activity. Conclusion. B. duckeana has interesting analgesic and antioxidant activities, due to its high phenolic content, especially phenolic acids.

  15. Die meting van die gelyktydige hantering van teenstrydige en dubbelsinnige inligting as kritieke eienskap in 'n verskeidenheid van Beroepe

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    W. S. de Villiers

    1983-11-01

    Min informasie bestaan omtrent die hantering van teenstrydige en dubbelsinnige inligting as kritieke vermoë in vele werksituasies. Met hierdie ondersoek is daar gepoog om die konstruk te omlyn en aan 'n empiriese verifiering te onderwerp. ‘n Meetinstrument (posmandjie is ontwikkel om die hantering van teenstrydige en dubbelsinnige inligting te meet en is saam met ander meetinstrumente ter omlyning van die genoemde konstruk aan twee groepe proefpersone geadministreer. Daar is vasgestel dat hierdie vermoë verband hou met intellektuele vermoëns en sensories kognitiewe oordeel en nie met sekere persoonlikheids- en ander determinante van mens like gedrag nie en dat dit na alle waarskynlikheid dui op die bestaan van 'n afsonderlike werksvermoë of konstruk.

  16. Halo, Central Tendency, and Leniency in performance appraisel: A comparison between a graphic rating scale and a behaviourally based measure

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    X. C. Birkenbach

    1984-11-01

    Die proses van prestasiebeoordeling speel 'n belangrike rol in die ontwikkeling van werknemers asook om administratiewe besluite te maak oor personeel. Die betroubare en akkurate evaluering van werkprestasie kan egter belemmer word deur beoordelingsfoute soos die stralekranseffek, toegeeflikheid, en sentrale neiging. Omrede die alombekende grafiese beoordelingskaal veronderstel is om baie vatbaar te wees vir beoordelingsfoute is daar die afgelope paar jaar aandag geskenk aan die ontwikkeling van gedragsgeoriënteerde beoordelingsmetodes. Dit word aangevoer dat laasgenoemde minder onderworpe is aan beoordelingsfoute. Hierdie studie het die beoordelings van 'n groep werkers op 'n grafiese beoordelingskaal en 'n gedragswaarnemingskaal met mekaar vergelyk. Die resultate kon nie ondersteuning verleen aan die standpunt dat grafiese skale meer vatbaar is vir beoordelingsfoute nie.

  17. Sir Isaac Newton

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    E. A. Venter

    1964-03-01

    Full Text Available Die geweldige oplewing van die Christelike wetenskaps- gedagte in ons geeslose tyd, is ongetwyfeld ’n haas onverklaar- bare verskynsel. Dwarsdeur die eeue het Christene ook wetenskap beoefen saam met ongelowiges, maar dit was eers in ons leeftyd dat die principia van die Christelike religie ook vrugbaar gemaak is vir die wetenskapsbeoefening. In hierdie verband sal die name van Dooyeweerd, Vollenhoven, Stoker e.a. steeds met eer vermeld word. Natuurlik het belydende Christene ook voorheen wel deeglik saamgewerk aan die gebou van die wetenskap. Die intieme verband tussen religie, wysbegeerte en wetenskaps­ beoefening is toe egter nog nie suiwer ingesien nie. Uit hier­ die tydperk dateer die arbeid van sir Isaac Newton.

  18. A critical review of the application of Maslow's motivation theory in industry

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    Julian Barling

    1977-11-01

    Die toepassing van Maslow se motiveringsteorie binne die bedryfsituasie word hersien. Hoewel dit dikwels toegepas word, is die bruikbaarheid en die toepasbaarheid daarvan in sulke situasies nog nie met sekerheid bevestig nie. 'n Onderskeid word getref tussen die studies wat die toepasbaarheid en die wat die bruikbaarheid daarvan, vir die industriële situasie, bepaal. Die noodsaaklikheid van verdere navorsing, in besonder om vas te stel of daar 'n verband bestaan tussen die selfvervullingsbehoefte en produktiwiteit, (bv. die bruikbaarheid van die teorie vir die organisasie word besonder beklemtoon. Ten slotte word gesuggereer dat die teorie, in terme van die kriteria van voorspelling en kontrole van gedrag in organisasies, tekort skiet as 'n arbeidsmotiveringsteorie.

  19. Die noodsaaklikheid van ’n veelsydige persoon- likheidsontwikkeling en in waiter mate die lees van keurleesstof daartoe kan hydra

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    J. L. du Plooy

    1962-03-01

    Full Text Available Dit is vleieiu] om te verneem dat u of ’11 I>ekciulc oor ’n sterk en innemende persoonliklieid beskik. In die meeste gevalle voel u aan wat daarmee bedoel word en dit prikkel 11 trots. Dit streel u Ego. Diep-in is u van die waarlieid van die bewering oortuig, al is u taamlik onl>cwus van wat alles tot u persoonlikbeidsvorming bygedra liet. So ’n opmerking laat u vir die eerste maal ervaar watter invloed u op u medemens uitoefen en die krag wat van u uitstraal. U liet u medemens sodanig beïndriik dat liy nie kon nalaat om die nawerking van u ]ersooidiklieid op horn kenbaar te maak nie.

  20. Introduction

    OpenAIRE

    G. Garsoïan, Nina

    2015-01-01

    Le contact immédiat du monde arménien et de Rome, qui se connaissaient déjà de longue date, se place vers la fin de l’ère préchrétienne avec l’absorption romaine du royaume cis-euphratésien de Petite Arménie en même temps que celui du Pont, dont il semble avoir fait partie à l’époque de Mithridate. Devenue province sous Vespasien, comme partie de la Cappadoce, la Petite Arménie ne retrouva son identité, sous la forme d’une province séparée de ce nom, que sous Dioclétien à la fin du troisième ...